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California Code ofsRegulations
Title 24, Part 2, Voluifie 1 of 2

California Building
Standards Commission

Based on 2006 International Building Code

INTERNATIONAL
CODE COUNCIL'

A^.

EFFECTIVE
JANUARY 1, 2008

(For Errata and Supplements, see History Note Appendix)

2007 California Building Code
Volume 1 of 2

First Printing

ISBN-13: 978-1-58001-518-9
ISBN-10: 1-58001-518-2

Publication Date: June 2007

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2007 California Building Code contains substantial copyrighted material from the 2006 Interna-
tional Building Code, Second Printing, which is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code Council, Inc. Withoi
advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any
form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way of example and not limitation,
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exceeding fair use, please contact: Publications, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478. Phone
1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233).

Trademarks: "International Code Council," the "International Code Council" logo and the "International Building Code" are trade
marks of the International Code Council, Inc.

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

PREFACE

This document is Part 2 of the official triennial compilation and publication of the adoptions , amendments and repeal of administra-
tive regulations to California Code ofRegulations, Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Standards Code. This Part is
known as the California Building Code and incorporates, by adoption, the 2006 edition of the International Building Code of the
International Code Council with the California amendments.

The California Building Standards Code is published in its entirety every three years by order of the California legislature, with sup-
plements published in intervening years. The California legislature delegated authority to various State agencies, boards, commis-
sions and departments to create building regulations to implement the State's statutes. These building regulations or standards have
the same force of law, and take effect 180 days after their publication unless otherwise stipulated. The California Building Stan-
dards Code applies to occupancies in the State of California as annotated.

A city, county or city and county may estabUsh more restrictive building standards reasonably necessary because of local climatic,
geological or topographical conditions. Findings of the local condition(s) and the adopted local building standard(s) must be filed
with the California Building Standards Commission to become effective and may not be effective sooner than the effective date of
this edition of California Building Standards Code. Local building standards that were adopted and applicable to previous editions
of the California Building Standards Code do not apply to this edition without appropriate adoption and the required filing.

To familiarize themselves with the format of this code, it is suggested that users review the following contents:

• How To Distinguish Model Code Language From California Amendments

• Matrix Adoption Tables

Should users find publication (e.g., typographical) errors or inconsistencies in this code or wish to offer comments toward improv-
ing its format, please address these comments to:

California Building Standards Commission

2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130

Sacramento, CA 95833-2936

Phone: (916) 263-0916

FAX: (916) 263-0959

Web Page: www.bsc.ca.gov

Acknowledgement

The 2007 California Building Standards Code (Code) was developed through the outstanding collaborative efforts of the Depart-
ment of Housing and Community Development, the Division of State Architect, the Office of the State Fire Marshal, the Office of
Statewide Health Plaiming and Development, the California Energy Commission, and the Building Standards Commission (Com-
mission).

This collaborative effort included the assistance of the Commission's Code Advisory Committees and many other volunteers that
worked tirelessly to assist the Commission in the production of this Code.

Members of the Building Standards Commission

Secretary Rosario Marin - Chair Christina Jamison

Isam Hasenin - Vice-Chair Stephen Jensen

James Barthman Robert Pernell

KimBlackseth Richard Sawhill

Susan Dowty Steven Winkel

David Walls - Executive Director

Thomas Morrison - Deputy

Executive Director

For questions on California state agency amendments, please refer to the contact hst on the following page.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE ill

iv 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

California Code of Regulations, Title 24

California Agency Information Contact List

California Energy Commission

Energy Hotline (800) 772-3300

Building Efficiency Standards
Appliance Efficiency Standards
Compliance Manual/Forms

California State Lands Commission

Marine Oil Terminals (562) 499-6317

California State Library

Construction Standards . .

(918) 445-9604

Corrections Standards Authority

Local Adult Jail Standards (916) 324-1914

Local Juvenile Facility Standards (916) 324-1914

Department of Consumer Affairs -Acupuncture Board

Office Standards (916) 445-3021

Department of Consumer Affairs - Board of Pharmacy

Pharmacy Standards (916) 574-7900

Department of Consumer Affairs - Bureau of Bartering
and Cosmetology

Barber and Beauty Shop and

College Standards

(916) 952-5210

Department of Consumer Affairs - Bureau of
Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation

Insulation Testing Standards (916) 574-2041

Department of Consumer Affairs - Structural
Pest Control Board

Structural Standards (800) 737-8188

Department of Consumer Affairs - Veterinary
Medical Board

Veterinary Hospital Standard (916) 263-2610

Department of Food and Agriculture

Meat and Poultry Packing Plant

Standards (916) 654-0509

Dairy Standards (916) 654-0773

Department of Health Services

Organized Camps Standards (916) 449-5661

Public Swimming Pools Standards (916) 449-5661

Asbestos Standards (510) 620-2874

Department of Housing and Community Development

Residential - Hotels, Motels, Apartments,

Single-Family Dwellings (916) 445-9471

Permanent Structures in Mobilehome and

Special Occupancy Parks (916) 445-9471

Factory-Built Housing, Manufactured

Housing and Commercial Modular (916) 445-3338

Mobilehomes - Permits and Inspections

Northern Region (916) 255-2501

Southern Region (951) 782-4420

Employee Housing Standards (916) 445-9471

Department of Water Resources

Gray Water Installations Standards (916) 651-9687

Division of the State Architect - Access Compliance

Access Compliance Standards (916) 445-8100

Division of the State Architect - Structural Safety

Public Schools Standards (916) 445-8100

Essential Services Building Standards (916) 445-8100

Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development

Hospital Standards (916) 654-3139

Skilled Nursing Facility Standards (916) 654-3139

Clinic Standards (916) 654-3139

Permits (916) 654-3392

Office of the State Fire Marshal

Code Development and Analysis (916) 445-8200

Fire Safety Standards (916) 445-8200

Fireplace Standards (916) 445-8200

Day Care Centers Standards (916) 445-8200

Exit Standards (916) 445-8200

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

vi 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE IBC/CBC

Distilling the code review process down to a methodical, sequential list of considerations is generally problematic. In many cases,
related provisions from various chapters of the code must be considered simultaneously, or reconsidered later in the process to
arrive at the correct classification or determination. Any number of acceptable alternatives may exist for construction of the building
and its specific features. Each choice provided by the code must be evaluated for its specific impact on other aspects of the building's
analysis. With a basic understanding of the interrelationship of the various chapters, the practiced code user wiU make an initial
assessment of the building as a first step of the code review process . The following outline may be helpful as a guide for the effective
use of the IBC/CBC, with the understanding that final resolution of each step is often dependant on subsequent steps.

The following process is divided into two distinct areas of analysis, the nonstructural provisions of the IBC/CBC and the struc-
tural provisions.

Nonstructural Provisions

1. Identify the distinct and varied uses of the building. The uses that will occur within the building must be identified, evaluated
and classified into one or more of the distinct occupancy classifications established in the IBC/CBC. Some buildings will be classi-
fied as single occupancy, where there is only one applicable occupancy classification. Others will be considered as mixed occu-
pancy due to the presence of two or more uses that are classified into different occupancy groups.

(California) Chapter 1 — Application of California Building Standards: Determine whether the use or occupancy is regulated
by a state agency. Review California Chapter I to determine (1) which agencies regulate the use or occupancy, and (2) which
authority is responsible for enforcement of building standards.

Matrix Adoption Tables — Scope of California Building Standards: Review the matrix adoption tables to identify the chapters
and sections of model code that are adopted, amended or superseded by the California Building Standards. (See "How to Distin-
guish Model Code Language from California Amendments.")

Sec. 302.1 Classify the building into one or more occupancy groups. Although there are 10 general occupancy groups,
many of the groups are subdivided into subgroups to allow for a more exacting analysis of the building under consideration.

Sec. 303 Group A

Sec. 304 Group B

Sec. 305 Group E

Sec. 306 Group F

Sec. 307 Group H

Sec. 308 Group I

Sec. 309 Group M

Sec, 310 Group R

Sec. 311 Groups

Sec. 312 Group U

2. Determine if the building is to be fully sprinklered. Many of the code provisions vary based upon the presence of an automatic
sprinkler system throughout the building.

Sec. 903.2 Determine if the building requires a fire sprinkler system. Many of the mandates for the installation of a sprin-
kler system are based upon the occupancy or occupancies that occur within the building. The provisions will often require some
degree of occupant load determination. Other conditions may also trigger a required sprinkler installation, such as building
height or the lack of exterior openings.

If a sprinkler system is not reqiured, review for potential code modifications if a sprinkler system is installed. There are a
significant number of benefits provided by the code if a sprinkler system is installed. An initial analysis of the building will typi-
cally allow for an early determination of the value of such sprinkler benefits.

Sec. 504.2 Story and height increase

Sec. 506.3 . Allowable area increase

Sec. 1017.1 Elimination of corridor fire-resistance rating

Sec. 507 UnUmited area building

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE vii

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE IBC/CBC

3. Determine the appropriate type of construction for tlie building. The permitted types of construction are primarily based
upon the occupancy classifications involved, the building's height and the building's floor area. Other conditions may also affect the
appropriate construction types, including the building's location on the lot and the intended materials of construction. In buildings
with mixed-occupancy conditions, the methods of addressing the relationship between the multiple occupancies indirectly affect
construction type.

Sec. 202 and 502 Calculate actual height of building in both "feet" and "stories above grade plane." The code specifically
describes the method for assigning a building height: measure both in the number of feet and the number of stories above grade plane.
The actual height must be compared with the allowable height to determine if the building's type of construction is acceptable.

Sec. 504 Determine allowable height permitted for both "feet" and "stories"

Sec. 505 Determine if mezzanine provisions are applicable

Sec. 504.3 Determine if any rooftop stractures are in compliance

Sec. 502 Calculate actual floor area of each story of buUding. The building area is typically the entire floor area that occurs
within the surrounding exterior walls. The building area for each individual story must be calculated, as well as for the building as
a whole.

Sec. 507 Determine if building qualifies as an unlimited area building

Sec. 506 Determine allowable area permitted for building and each story if:

Sec. 506 Single-occupancy building

Sec. 508.3.1 Multi-occupancy w/accessory occupancies

Sec. 508.3.2 Multi-occupancy building w/nonseparated occupancies

Sec. 508.3.3 Multi-occupancy building w/separated occupancies

Sec. 705. 1 Use of fire walls

Sec. 509 Determine if special provisions are to be applied for height and/or area. The general requirements for allowable height
and area may be modified under limited conditions, typically where a parking garage is located in a building with other occupancies.

Sec. 602 Verify that the type of materials and degree of fire resistance for the building's major elements comply with
Table 601. Once the acceptable types of construction are determined based upon the building's occupancy, height and floor area,
the major building elements must be evaluated for compUance with the required degree of fire resistance and the appropriate
materials of construction.

4. Locate the building on the site. The location of the building(s) on the lot is fundamental to the degree of fire exposure to and
from adjoining buildings and lots. In addition, the building's location influences the amount of fire department access that can be
provided from the exterior of the building.

Sec. 503.1.2 Determine the number of buUdings on the site. Where two or more buildings are located on the same lot, they
can be evaluated as a single building or multiple buildings. The type of construction requirements may differ based upon which
of the two methods is utiHzed.

Sec. 602.1 Determine minimum required fire rating of exterior walls. The fire separation distance is the measurement used
in evaluating the necessary fire rating for exterior walls. It is measured from the building to the lot line, to the center line of a pub-
lic way or to an imaginary assumed line between two buildings on the same lot.

Sec. 704.8 Determine exterior opening protection requirements. Openings in exterior walls are regulated by the fire sepa-
ration distance and the rating of the exterior wall in which they are located.

Sec. 506.2 Determine frontage increase for allowable area purposes. Utilized primarily for fire department access, open
space adjacent to a building's perimeter provides for an increase in the allowable area.

5. Identify extent of any special detailed occupancy requirements. Special types of buildings, special uses that occur within
buildings and special elements of a building are further regulated through specific requirements found in Chapter 4. Since these pro-
visions are specific in nature, they apply in lieu of the general requirements found elsewhere in the code.

Chapter 4 Determine special detailed requirements based on occupancy. A number of the special provisions are applica-
ble to a specific occupancy or group of similar occupancies.

Sec. 402 Covered mall buildings

Sec. 403 High-rise buildings

Sec. 404 Atriums

Sec. 406 Motor-vehicle-related occupancies

Sec. 407, 408 Group 1-2 and 1-3 occupancies

viii 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE IBC/CBC

Sec. 415 Group H occupancies

Table 508.2 Determine if building contains any incidental use areas. The uses identified in Table 508.2 are considered as a
portion of the occupancy in which they are located, but special conditions require that they be addressed in a more specific man-
ner.

Sec. 508.2 Provide fire separation and/or fire-extinguishing system

6. Calculate occupant load of building and individual spaces within building. Although the primary use of an occupant load is in
the design of the building's means of egress system, occupant load is also occasionally an important factor in occupancy classifica-
tion, sprinkler system and fire alarm system requirements and plumbing fixture counts.

Chapter 10 Verify compliance with means of egress provisions. The anticipated occupant load is the basis for the design of
the means of egress system. The egress elements must provide for a direct, continuous, obvious, undiminished and unobsti-ucted
path of travel from any occupiable point in the building to the public way.

Sec. 1005.1 Egress width and distribution

Sec. 1006.3 Emergency lighting

Sec. 1007 Accessible means of egress

Sec. 1008.1.2 Door swing

Sec. 1008.1.8 Door operations

Sec. 1008.1.9 Panic hardware

Sec. 1009.1 Stairway width

Sec. 1009.3 Stairway tieads and risers

Sec. 1011.1 Exit signs

Sec. 1012 Stairway and ramp handrails

Sec. 1013 Guards

Sec. 1014.2 Egress through intervening spaces

Sec. 1014.3 Common path of egress travel

Sec. 1015.1 Number of exit or exit access doorways

Sec. 1015.2 Egress separation

Sec. 1016.1 Travel distance

Sec. 1017.1 Corridor construction

Sec. 1019 Number of exits

Sec. 1020.1 Vertical exit enclosures

Sec. 1021 Exit passageways

Sec. 1022 Horizontal exits

Sec. 1023 Exterior exit stairways

Sec. 1024 Exit discharge

Sec. 1025 Egress firom assembly occupancies

7. Identify and evaluate fire-resistance-rated construction elements. Where fire-resistance-rated constiiiction is mandated by
other provisions of the code, the provisions of Chapter 7 identify the appropriate methods for gaining compliance.

Chapter 7 Verify compliance w/ details of fire resistance. The various elements of fire-resistance-rated construction are
detailed, including walls, horizontal assemblies, shaft enclosures and the penetration of such elements by conduit, ducts, piping

and other items.

Sec. 704

Exterior walls

Sec. 705

Fire walls

Sec. 706

Fke barriers

Sec. 708

Fire partitions

Sec. 709

Smoke barriers

Sec. 710

Smoke partitions

Sec. 707

Shaft enclosures

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE IBC/CBC

Sec. 710 Horizontal assemblies

Sec. 714 Structural members

Sec. 715 Opening protectives

Sec. 716 Ducts and air transfer openings

8. Identify and evaluate materials utilized as interior floor, wall and ceiling finishes. Finish materials within the building are
primarily regulated for flame spread and smoke development characteristics.

Sec. 803.5 Verify compliance of wall and ceiling finishes. Interior wall and ceiling finishes are regulated based upon the
occupancy classification of the space and their location within the means of egress system. The classification may typically be
reduced where sprinkler protection is provided.

Sec. 804.4 Verify compliance of floor finishes. While regulated differently than wall and ceiling finishes, floor finishes com-
prised of fibers are also controlled based upon their use in the egress system, the occupancy classification and the presence of a
sprinkler system.

9. Identify additional fire protection systems that may be required. In addition to automatic sprinkler systems, there are several
other types of fire protection systems that may be required in a building.

Sec. 907.2 Determine compliance with fire alarm provisions. Fire alarm systems are typically mandated based upon the
occupancy classification and the number of occupants.

Sec. 905.3 Determine if standpipe system is required. A standpipe system is required in buildings once a specified height is
reached to provide for a more effective means of fighting a fire within the building.

Sec. 905.4-.6 Verify location of standpipe hose connections

10. Identify any special use features of the buUding. The activities that occur within the building pose varying risks to the occu-
pants. Special conditions are applicable when such activities are anticipated.

Chapter 4 Verify compliance with special detailed requirements. These provisions are often an extension of the general
requirements found elsewhere in the code.

Sec. 410 Stages and platforms

Sec. 413 Combustible storage

Sec. 414 Hazardous materials

Sec. 416 Application of flammable finishes

11. Identify roof assembly or roof covering. The roof covering is designed to provide the building with weather protection, fire
retardancy, decoration or a combination of such purposes.

Sec. 1505.1 Verify classification of roof covering. Roof coverings are typically required to provide protection against moder-
ate or light fire exposures from the exterior. Their minimum required classification is based upon the type of construction of the
building.

12. Determine locations of safety glazing materials. Safety glazing is mandated for glazing located in those areas that are consid-
ered as subject to human impact.

Sec. 2406.3 Verify safety glazing provided in hazardous locations. Safety glazing must be appropriately identified to ensure
the proper glazing material is installed.

Items 1-4 In doors

Item 6 Adjacent to doors

Item 7 Large panels

Items 10-1 1 Adjacent to stairways and landings

13. Determine areas of building and site required to be accessible. In general, access to persons with disabilities is required for
all buildings. See Chapters llA and IIB.

14. Determine extent of other miscellaneous provisions. Additional provisions may be appUcable based upon each individual
building and its characteristics.

Chapter 14 Exterior walls. Requirements for installation of wall coverings and the permissible use of combustible materials
on the exterior side of exterior walls.

Chapter 24 Glass and glazing. General provisions for the installation of glazing materials and skylights.

Chapter 25 Gypsum board and plaster. Materials and installation of gypsum board and plaster assemblies.

X 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE IBC/CBC

Chapter 26 Plastic. Materials and installation of light-transmitting plastics, as well as the appropriate installation methods for
foam plastic insulation.

Chapters 27-29 Electrical, mechanical and plumbing installations. Limited provisions addressing the fundamental sup-
port systems of a building.

Chapter 30 Elevators. Elevator hoistway provisions, including enclosure of hoistways, emergency operations and hoistway
venting.

Chapter 31 Special construction. A variety of special conditions are addressed, including membrane structures, temporary
structures, pedestrian walkways and tunnels, awnings and canopies, marquees, signs and swimming pool enclosures.

Chapter 32 Encroachment into the public right-of way. Limitations on construction adjacent to public property.

Chapter 33 Safeguards during construction. Methods of protecting pedestrians and adjacent property during construction
activities.

Structural Provisions

General Requirements

1. Structural Materials.

The structural design begins with the selection of the type of structural materials to be used to support the building. Structural fram-
ing systems are constructed of concrete, masonry, steel or wood. Some miscellaneous or specialty structures and components, such
as awnings and canopies, are constructed of aluminum.

The design of various structural materials is covered in specific material chapters in the code, which in tum reference design standards for
the type of material involved. The referenced standards in the 2007 CBC for the structural materials are shown in the following table:

STRUCTURAL DESIGN STANDARDS FOR STRUCTURAL MATERIALS^

MATERIAL

IBC/CBC CHAPTER

REFERENCED STANDARD

Concrete

ACI318
Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete

Aluminum

ADMl
Aluminum Design Manual

Masonry

ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402
Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures

Steel

AISC 360

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings

AISC 341

Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings

NAS

North American Specification for the Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members

Wood

NDS
National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction

1 . The above table shows the main structural design standards for these structural materials. For a complete Ust of referenced standards, see IBC/CBC Chapter 35.

2. Design Loads.

Determine the applicable design loads that the building structure is expected to be subjected to. Code-prescribed loads are given in
Chapter 16 and flie referenced standard. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7. The code-prescribed
minimum live loads are given in CBC Table 1607.1.

Environmental loads, such as flood, rain, snow, seismic and wind vary based on the location of the building site. The various
code-prescribed loads are probabiUstic in nature. The following table gives the CBC section and ASCE 7 chapter for various types
of load.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE IBC/CBC

REFERENCED CBC SECTIONS AND ASCE 7 CHAPTERS FOR LOADS

Type of Load

CBC Section

ASCE 7 Chapter

Dead loads

Section 1606

Chapter 3

Live loads

Section 1607, Table 1607.1

Chapter 4

Snow loads

Section 1608

Chapter 7

Wind loads

Section 1609

Chapter 6

Soil lateral loads

Section 1610

Chapter 3

Rain loads

Section 1611

Chapter 8

Flood loads

Section 1612

Chapter 5'

Earthquake loads

Section 1613

Chapter 11-22

1. Section 1612 references ASCE 24, which references Chapter 5 of ASCE 7.

3. Structural Analysis, Design and Detailing.

Once the applicable loads are determined, the structural system of the building must be analyzed to determine the effects of the gov-
erning gravity and lateral loads that act on the structure. The structural system of a typical building consists of the roof and floor sys-
tems, walls, beams and columns, and the foundation. From the structural analysis, the next step is to design the structural elements
and systems to provide the minimum level of resistance in accordance with the various load combinations prescribed in Section
1605.

Once the structural elements and systems are designed, the next step is to detail the load transfer coimections to provide a com-
plete load path from the point of origin to the resisting element. The final step is to prepare a complete set of construction documents
as required by Sections 106 and 1603.

General Requirements

1. Occupancy Category (IBC/CBC Table 1604.5).

Determine the occupancy category of the building based on Table 1604.5.

Where a structure is occupied by two or more occupancies that are not the same occupancy category, the building must be classi-
fied in the highest occupancy category corresponding to the various occupancies.

Where structures have two or more portions that are structurally separated, each separate portion should be separately classified.

Where a separated portion of a structure provides required access or egress from another portion of the building with a higher
occupancy category, both portions of the building must be assigned the higher occupancy category.

Where a separated portion of a structure shares life safety components with another portion of the building with a higher occu-
pancy category, both portions of the building must be assigned the higher occupancy category.

2. Floor and roof live loads (IBC/CBC Table 1607.1).

Determine uniformly distributed and concentrated floor live load for the floor areas of the building in accordance with Section
1603.1.1 and Table 1607.1.

Floor live load reduction in accordance with Section 1607.9 should be indicated for each type of live load that is reduced.

Determine the roof live load for roof areas in accordance with Section 1607. 1 1 .

Roof live load reduction in accordance with Section 1607. 1 1.2 should be indicated for roof live loads that are reduced.

3. Snow load (IBC/CBC Section 1608, ASCE 7 Section 7).

Determine the ground snow load, Pg, based on the location of the building site in accordance with Figure 1608.2 for the contigu-
ous United States and Table 1608.2 for Alaska.

In areas where the ground snow load, Pg, exceeds 10 psf, the following information should be determined:

1. Flat-roof snow load, Pf.

2. Snow exposure factor, Q.

3. Snow load importance factor, /.

4. Thermal factor, C,.

XII

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE IBC/CBC

4. Wind speed and wind exposure category.

Determine the following information related to wind loads in accordance with Section 1603.1.4:

1. Basic 3-second gust wind speed (mph).

2. Wind importance factor, /.

3. Wind exposure category (B, C, D). If more than one wind exposure is used, the wind exposure for each wind direction
should be determined.

4. The appHcable internal pressure coefficient.

5. The design wind pressure (psf) used for the design of exterior component and cladding materials not specifically designed
by the registered design professional should be indicated.

5. Earthquake design requirements.

Determine the following information related to seismic loads regardless of whether seismic loads govern the design of the lat-
eral-force-resisting system of the building:

1. Seismic importance factor, /, based on occupancy category.

2. Mapped spectral response accelerations, Ss and Sj.

3. Site class.

4. Design spectral response coefficients, S^s and S^i.

5. Seismic design category.

6. Basic seismic-force-resisting system(s).

7. Design base shear.

8. Seismic response coefficient(s), Q.

9. Response modification factor(s), R.

10. Analysis procedure used.

6. Special loads.

Determine any special loads that are applicable to the design of the building, structure or portions thereof along with the specific
section of the code that addresses the special loading condition.

7. Load combinations.

Buildings and other structures and portions thereof are required to be designed to resist the load combinations specified in Sec-
tion 1605.2 or 1605.3 and Chapters 18 through 23, and the special seismic load combinations of Section 1605.4 where required
by Section 12.3.3.3 or 12.10.2.1 of ASCE 7.

8. Wind and seismic detailing.

Lateral-force-resisting systems are required to conform to the seismic detailing requirements of the code and ASCE 7 (excluding
Chapter 14 and Appendix 1 1 A) even when wind load effects are greater than seismic load effects.

9. Serviceability.

Structural systems and members shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deflections and lateral drift. The deflection
of structural members shall not exceed the more restrictive of the limitations of Sections 1604.3.2 through 1604.3.5 or that per-
mitted by Table 1 604. 3 . Structural systems shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deformation and lateral drift due
to earthquake loading in accordance with Section 12.12.1 of ASCE 7.

10. Foundation.

A foundation system must be designed that provides adequate support for gravity and lateral loads . Walls of buildings of conven-
tional light-frame construction, as defined in Section 202, are permitted to be supported by footings constructed in accordance
with Table 1 805.4.2. Otherwise, the foundation system must be designed in accordance with other provisions of Chapter 18. The
following table gives a summary of applicable sections for foundation systems.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE IBC/CBC

FOUNDATION REQUIREMENTS

SECTION

IBC/CBC SECTION

Allowable soil bearing values

1804

Footings and foundations

1805, 1805.4

Footings

1805.4

Foundation walls

1805.5

General requirements for pier and pile foundations

1808

Pile foundations

1809-1811

Pier foundations

1812

A foundation soils investigation is required where required by Section 1802.2 unless the building ofBcial determines that a soils investigation is not required in
accordance with the exception.

11. Excavation, grading and fill.

Requirements for excavation, grading and fill related to foundation construction are covered in Section 1803. General require-
ments for site grading are covered in Appendix J.

12. Flood design data.

If required by Section 1612.5, buildings located in flood hazard areas established in Section 1612.3 are required to provide docu-
mentation that includes the following information regardless of whether flood loads govern the design of the building:

1. In flood hazard areas not subject to high- velocity wave action, the elevation of the proposed lowest floor, including the
basement.

2. In flood hazard areas not subject to high- velocity wave action, the elevation to which any nonresidential building will be dry
floodproofed.

3. In flood hazard areas subject to high- velocity wave action, the proposed elevation of the bottom of the lowest horizontal
structural member of the lowest floor, including the basement.

13. Special inspection, special testing and structural observation.

Where special inspection, special inspection for seismic resistance or structural testing for seismic resistance is required by Sec-
tion 1704, 1707 or 1708, the registered design professional in responsible charge shall prepare a statement of special inspections
in accordance with Section 1705 for submittal by the permit applicant in accordance with Section 106. 1 as a condition for permit
issuance. A statement of special inspections is not required for structures designed and constructed in accordance with the con-
ventional construction provisions of Section 2308. The statement of special inspections is permitted to be prepared by a qualified
person approved by the building official for construction not designed by a registered design professional.

SPECIAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS

TYPE OF SPECIAL INSPECTION

APPLICABLE SECTION

REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION

Steel construction

1704.3

Table 1704.3

Concrete construction

1704.4

Table 1704.4

Masonry construction

1704.5

Table 1704.5.1
Table 1704.5.3

Wood construction

1704.6

Site and foundation soils

1704.7

Table 1704.7

Pile foundations

1704.8

Table 1704.8

Pier foundations

1704.9

Table 1704.9

Sprayed fire resistant materials

1704.10

Mastic and intumescent fire resistive coatings

1704.11

Exterior insulation and finish (EIFS) systems

1704.12

Special cases

1704.13

Smoke control systems

1704.14

Where requured by the provisions of Section 1709.2 or 1709.3, the owner shall employ a registered design professional to perform structural observations as
defined in Section 1702. At the conclusion of die work included in the permit, the structural observer shall submit a written statement to the building official
that identifies any reported deficiencies that have not been resolved.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE IBC/CBC

14, Contractor responsibility.

Each contractor responsible for the construction of a main wind- or seismic-f orce-resisting system, designated seismic system or
a wind- or seismic-resisting component listed in the statement of special inspections is required to submit a written statement of
responsibility to the building official and the owner prior to the commencement of work on the system or component. The con-
tractor's statement of responsibility shall acknowledge awareness of the special requirements contained in the statement of spe-
cial inspections and acknowledge that control will be exercised to obtain conformance with the approved construction
documents.

15. Deferred submittals.

Deferred submittals that are not submitted at the time of the apphcation must have the prior approval of the building official. The
registered design professional in responsible charge shall hst the deferred submittals on the construction documents for review
by the building official. Documents for deferred submittal items shall be reviewed by the registered design professional in
responsible charge who shall forward them to the building official with a notation indicating that they have been reviewed and are
in general conformance with the design of the building.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

xvi 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOW TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN MODEL CODE LANGUAGE

AND
CALIFORNIA AMENDMENTS

To distinguish between model code language and the incorporated California amendments, including exclusive California stan-
dards, California amendments will appear in italics.

Due to the nature of the California Building Code 's first-time use of the International Building Code as the base document, symbols
in the margins, previously used to indicate code changes, will not be used in this edition of the California Building Code.

[BSC] This symbol within a section identifies which State agency (s), by its "acronym, " has amended a section of the model code.

Legend of Acronyms of Adopting State Agencies

BSC California Building Standards Commission

SFM Office of the State Fire Marshal

HCD Department of Housing and Community Development

DSA-AC Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance

DSA-SS Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety

OSHPD Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development

CSA Corrections Standards Authority

DHS Department of Health Services

AGR Department of Food and Agriculture

CEC California Energy Commission

CA Department of Consumer Ajf airs:

Board ofBarbering and Cosmetology
Board of Examiners in Veterinary Medicine
Board of Pharmacy
Acupuncture Board
Bureau of Home Furnishings
Structural Pest Control Board

SL State Librarian

SLC State Lands Commission

DWR Department of Water Resources

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE xvii

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA MATRIX ADOPTION TABLES

Format of the California l\/latrix Adoption Tables

The matrix adoption tables, which follow, show the user which state agencies have adopted and/or amended given sections of the
model code. The building application determines which state agency's adoptions apply. See Sections 102 through 1 14 for building
applications and enforcement responsibilities.

Agencies are grouped together, based on either local or state enforcement responsibilities. For example, regulations from
DSA-AC are enforced both at the state and local levels; therefore, DSA-AC is Hsted twice in each adoption table indicating state
enforcement responsibilities and local enforcement responsibilities.

The side headings identify the scope of state agencies' adoption as follows:

Adopt the entire IBC chapter without state amendments:

If there is an "X" under a particular state agency's acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency has adopted the entire
model code chapter without any state amendments.

Example:

CHAPTER 2 -

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

DSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEO

sue

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Ctiapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

iVI

Chapter/Section

Codes

Adopt the entire IBC chapter as amended, state-amended sections are listed below:

If there is an "X" under a particular state agency's acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency has adopted the entire
model code chapter with state amendments.

Each state-amended section that the agency has added to that particular chapter is listed. There will be an "X" in the column, by
that particular section, under the agency's acronym, as well as an "X" by each section that the agency has adopted.

Example:

CHAPTER 2 -

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Adopting Agency

BSD

SFM

HOD

DSA

DSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEO

sue

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter/Section

Codes

202

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

XIX

Adopts only those sections that are listed below:

If there is an "X" under a particular state agency's acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency is adopting only specific
model code or state-amended sections within this chapter. There will be an "X" in the colunrn under the agency's acronym, as well
as an "X" by each section that the agency has adopted.

Example:

CHAPTER 2-

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

DSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEO

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter/Section

Codes

202

IBC

203

IBC

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ORDINANCE

The International Codes are designed and promulgated to be adopted by reference by ordinance. Jurisdictions wishing to adopt the
2007 California Building Code as an enforceable regulation governing structures and premises should ensure that certain factual
information is included in the adopting ordinance at the time adoption is being considered by the appropriate goverrunental body.
The following sample adoption ordinance addresses several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the information
required for insertion into the code text.

SAMPLE ORDINANCE FOR ADOPTION OF

THE INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE

ORDINANCE NO.

An ordinance of the [JURISDICTION] adopting the 2007 edition of the California Building Code, regulating and governing the condi-
tions and maintenance of all property, buildings and structures; by providing the standards for suppUed utilities and faciUties and
other physical things and conditions essential to ensure that structures are safe, sanitary and fit for occupation and use; and the con-
demnation of buildings and structures unfit for human occupancy and use and the demolition of such structures in the [JURISDIC-
TION]; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; repealing Ordinance No. of the [JURISDICTION]

and all other ordinances and parts of the ordinances in conflict therewith.

The [GOVERNING BODY] of the [JURISDICTION] does ordain as follows:

Section l.That a certain document, three (3) copies of which are on file in the office of the [TITLE OF JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF
RECORDS] of [NAME OF JURISDICTION], being marked and designated as the California Building Code, 2007 edition, including
Appendix Chapters [FILL IN THE APPENDIX CHAPTERS BEING ADOPTED] (see California Building Code Appendix Chapter 1, Sec-
tion 10 1 .2. 1 , 2007 edition), as published by the International Code Council, be and is hereby adopted as the Building Code of the
[JURISDICTION], in the State of [STATE NAME] for regulating and governing the conditions and maintenance of all property, buildings
and structures; by providing the standards for supplied utiUties and facilities and other physical things and conditions essential to
ensure that structures are safe, sanitary and fit for occupation and use; and the condemnation of buildings and structures unfit for
human occupancy and use and the demolition of such structures as herein provided; providing for the issuance of permits and col-
lection of fees therefor; and each and all of the regulations, provisions, penalties, conditions and terms of said Building Code on file
in the office of the [JURISDICTION] are hereby referred to, adopted, and made a part hereof, as if fully set out in this ordinance, with
the additions, insertions, deletions and changes, if any, prescribed in Section 2 of this ordinance.

Section 2. The following sections are hereby revised:

Section 101.1. Insert: [NAME OF JURISDICTION]

Section 1612.3. Insert: [NAME OF JURISDICTION]

Section 1612.3. Insert: [DATE OF ISSUANCE]

Section 3410.2. Insert: [DATE IN ONE LOCATION]

Section 3. That Ordinance No. of [JURISDICTION] entitled [FILL IN HERE THE COMPLETE TITLE OF THE ORDINANCE OR

ORDINANCES IN EFFECT AT THE PRESENT TIME SO THAT THEY WILL BE REPEALED BY DEFINITE MENTION] and all Other ordmances
or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.

Section 4, That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be unconstitutional,
such decision shall not affect the vaHdity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The [GOVERNING BODY] hereby declares that it
would have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more
sections, subsections, sentences, clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional.

Section 5. That nothing in this ordinance or in the Building Code hereby adopted shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding
impending in any court, or any rights acquired, or Uability incurred, or any cause or causes of action acquired or existing, under any
act or ordinance hereby repealed as cited in Section 3 of this ordinance; nor shall any just or legal right or remedy of any character be
lost, impaired or affected by this ordinance.

Section 6. That the [JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF RECORDS] is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be pubHshed.
(An additional provision may be required to direct the number of times the ordinance is to be pubUshed and to specify that it is to be
in a newspaper in general circulation. Posting may also be required.)

Section 7. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted
hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effect [TIME PERIOD] from and after the date of its final passage and adoption.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE xxi

xxii 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME 1

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS ... 3

Section

101 General 3

102 Building Standards Commission 5

103 Corrections Standards Authority 6

104 Department of Consumer Affairs 6

105 California Energy Commission 6

106 Department of Food and Agriculture 7

107 Department Of Health Services 7

108 Department of Housing and

Community Development 7

108.3 Local Enforcing Agency 8

108.4 Permits, Fees, Applications and Inspections .... 9

108.5 Right-of-Entry for Enforcement 9

108.6 Local Modification by

Ordinance or Regulation 9

108.7 Alternate Materials, Designs, Tests and

Methods of Construction 10

108.8 Appeals Board 11

108.9 Unsafe Buildings or Structures 11

108.10 Other Building Regulations 11

109 Division of the State Architect 12

110 Office of Statewide Health Planning and

Development 13

1 1 1 Office of the State Fire Marshal 15

112 State Librarian 19

113 Reserved 19

114 California State Lands Commission 19

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 29

Section

201 General 29

202 Definitions 29

CHAPTER 3 USE AND OCCUPANCY

CLASSIFICATION 49

Section

301 General 49

302 Classification 49

303 Assembly Group A 49

304 Business Group B 50

305 Educational Group E 50

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

306 Factory Group F 50

307 High-hazard Group H 51

308 Institutional Group I 59

309 Mercantile Group M 60

310 Residential Group R 61

311 Storage Group S 65

312 Utility and Miscellaneous Group U 65

CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL DETAILED

REQUIREMENTS BASED ON

USE AND OCCUPANCY 71

Section

401 Scope 71

402 Covered Mall Buildings 71

403 High-rise Buildings 74

404 Atriums 76

405 Underground Buildings 76

406 Motor-vehicle-related Occupancies 77

407 Group 1-2 ' 81

408 Group 1-3 84

409 Motion Picture Projection Rooms 86

410 Stages and Platforms 87

411 Special Amusement Buildings 88

412 Aircraft-related Occupancies 89

413 Combustible Storage 91

414 Hazardous Materials 91

415 Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5 95

416 Application of Flammable Finishes 108

417 Drying Rooms 108

418 Organic Coatings 108

419 Group I-l, R-1, R-2, R-3, R-3.1, R-4 109

420 Hydrogen Cutoff Rooms 109

421 Reserved 110

422 Reserved 110

423 Reserved 110

424 Reserved 110

425 Special Provisions for Licensed

24-Hour Care Facilities in a

Group I-l, R-3.1 or R-4 occupancy [SFM] .110

426 Group 1-4 [SFM] 113

427 Reserved 1 14

428 Reserved 114

429 Reserved 114

XXIII

TABLE OF CONTENTS

430 Horse Racing Stables [SFM] 114

431 Pet Kennels [SFM] 114

432 Combustion Engines and

Gas Turbines [SFM] 114

433 Fixed Guideway Transit Systems [SFM] 114

434 Explosives [SFM] 118

435 Reserved 121

436 Winery Caves [SFM] 121

437 Reserved 122

438 Reserved 122

439 Public Libraries [SL & SFM] 122

440 Group C [SFM] 123

441 Reserved 125

442 Group E [SFM] 125

443 Group L [SFM] 126

444 Reserved 129

445 Large-family Day Care Homes [SFM] 129

CHAPTER 5 GENERAL BUILDING

HEIGHTS AND AREAS 133

Section

501 General 133

502 Definitions 133

503 General Height and Area Limitations 133

504 Height 135

505 Mezzanines 135

506 Area Modifications 136

507 Unlimited Area Buildings 137

508 Mixed Use and Occupancy 139

509 Special Provisions 140

CHAPTER 6 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION ... 147

Section

601 General 147

602 Construction Classification 147

603 Combustible Material in Type I and II

Construction 148

CHAPTER 7 FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED

CONSTRUCTION 153

Section

701 General 153

702 Definitions 153

703 Fire-resistance Ratings and Fire Tests 154

704 Exterior Walls 155

705 Fire Walls 158

706 Fire Barriers 160

707 Shaft Enclosures 162

708 Fire Partitions 164

709 Smoke Barriers 165

710 Smoke Partitions 166

711 Horizontal Assemblies 166

712 Penetrations 167

713 Fire-resistant Joint Systems 169

714 Fire-resistance Rating of

Structural Members 170

715 Opening Protectives 171

716 Ducts and Air Transfer Openings 175

717 Concealed Spaces 178

718 Fire-resistance Requirements for Plaster 180

719 Thermal- and Sound-insulating Materials .... 181

720 Prescriptive Fire Resistance 181

721 Calculated Fire Resistance 202

CHAPTER 7A MATERL^LS AND

CONSTRUCTION METHODS
FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE
EXPOSURE 235

Section

701A Scope, Purpose and Application 235

702A Definitions 235

703A Standards of Quality 236

704A Materials, Systems and

Methods of Construction 236

CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISHES 241

Section

801 General 241

802 Definitions 241

803 Wall and Ceiling Finishes 241

804 Interior Floor Finish 243

805 Combustible Materials in Types I

and II Construction 244

806 Decorative Materials and Trim 244

CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION

SYSTEMS 251

Section

901 General 251

902 Definitions 251

903 Automatic Sprinkler Systems 254

904 Alternative Automatic

Fire-extinguishing Systems 260

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

905 Standpipe Systems 261

906 Portable Fire Extinguishers 264

907 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems 264

908 Emergency Alarm Systems 278

909 Smoke Control Systems 279

910 Smoke and Heat Vents 285

911 Fire Command Center 287

912 Fire Department Connections 288

CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS 293

Section

1001 Administration 293

1002 Definitions 293

1003 General Means of Egress 294

1004 Occupant Load 296

1005 Egress Width 298

1006 Means of Egress Illumination 298

1007 Accessible Means of Egress 299

1008 Doors, Gates and Turnstiles 301

1009 Stairways 306

1010 Ramps 309

1011 Exit Signs 310

1012 Handrails 311

1013 Guards 312

1014 Exit Access 313

1015 Exit and Exit Access Doorways 315

1016 Exit Access Travel Distance 316

1017 Corridors 317

1018 Exits 318

1019 Number of Exits and Continuity 318

1020 Vertical Exit Enclosures 319

1021 Exit Passageways 321

1022 Horizontal Exits 322

1023 Exterior Exit Ramps and Stairways 322

1024 Exit Discharge 323

1025 Assembly 324

1026 Emergency Escape and Rescue 329

CHAPTER 11 RESERVED 331

CHAPTER llA HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY .... 335

Section

IIOIA Application 335

1102A Building Accessibility 335

1103A Design and Construction 336

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

1 104A Group R Occupancies 336

1 105A Group U Occupancies 336

1106A Site and Building Characteristics 337

1107A Definitions 337

1 108 A General Requirements for
Accessible Parking and
Exterior Routes of Travel 339

1109A Parking Facilities 340

lllOA Exterior Routes of Travel 341

llllA Changes in Level on Accessible Routes 342

1112A Curb Ramps on Accessible Routes 342

1113A Walks and Sidewalks on an

Accessible Route 343

1 1 14A Exterior Ramps and

Landings on Accessible Routes 343

1 1 15A Exterior Stairways Along

Accessible Routes 345

1116A Hazards on Accessible Routes 345

1 1 17 A General Requirements for

Accessible Entrances, Exits,

Interior Routes of Travel and

Facility Accessibility 346

1118A Egress and Areas of Refuge 346

1119A Interior Routes of Travel 346

1120A Interior Accessible Routes 347

1121 A Changes in Level on Accessible Routes 347

1 122A Interior Ramps and Landings on

Accessible Routes 347

11 23 A Interior Stairways Along

Accessible Routes 348

1124A Elevators and Special Access

(Wheelchair) Lifts 349

11 25 A Hazards on Accessible Routes 351

1126A Doors 351

1 127A Common Use Facilities 352

1128A Covered Dwelling Units 358

1129A Reserved 359

1 130A Accessible Route Within

Covered Multifamily Dwelling Units 359

1131 A Changes in Level on Accessible Routes 359

1132A Doors 359

1133A Kitchens 360

1134A Bathing and Toilet Facilities 361

1135A Laundry Rooms 364

1 1 3 6 A Electrical Receptacle,

Switch and Control Heights 364

1137A Other Features and Facilities 365

1 138A Reserved 365

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1139A Accessible Drinking Fountains 365

1 140A Accessible Telephones 365

1141 A Accessible Swimming Pools 366

1 142A Electrical Receptacle, Switch and

Control Heights 367

1143A Signage 367

1 144A Reserved 368

1 145A Reserved 368

1 146A Reserved 368

1 147A Reserved 368

1 148A Reserved 368

1 149A Reserved 368

1 150A Site Impracticality Tests 368

CHAPTER IIB ACCESSIBILITY TO
PUBLIC BUILDINGS,
PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS,
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
AND PUBLICLY FUNDED
HOUSING 423

Section

IIOIB Scope 423

1 102B Definitions 423

1 103B Building Accessibility 426

1 104B Accessibility for Group A Occupancies 427

1 105B Accessibility for Group B Occupancies 430

1 106B Accessibility for Group E Occupancies 431

1 107B Factories and Warehouses 432

1 108B Accessibility for Group H Occupancies 432

1 109B Accessibility for Group I Occupancies 432

I I lOB Accessibility for Group M Occupancies 433

I I I IB Accessibility for Group R Occupancies 434

1112B Reserved 437

1113B Reserved 437

1114B Facility Accessibility 437

1 11 5B B athing and Toilet Facilities

(Sanitary Facilities) 438

1 1 16B Elevators and Special Access

(Wheelchair) Lifts 444

1 1 17B Other Building Components 447

1 1 18B Space Allowance and Reach Ranges 454

1 1 19B Special Standards of Accessibility for

Buildings with Historical Significance .... 454

1 120B Floor and Levels 454

1 121B Transportation Facilities 454

1 122B Fixed or Built-in Seating,

Tables and Counters 458

XXVI

1123B Access to Employee Areas 458

1 124B Ground and Floor Surfaces 459

1125B Storage 459

1126B Vending Machines and Other Equipment 459

1 127B Exterior Routes of Travel 460

1 128B Pedestrian Grade Separations

(Overpasses and Underpasses) 461

1129B Accessible Parking Required 461

1130B Parking Structures 463

1 13 IB Passenger Drop-off and Loading Zones 463

1132B Outdoor Occupancies 463

1133B General Accessibility for

Entrances, Exits and Paths of Travel 465

1134B Accessibility for Existing Buildings 472

1135B Historic Preservation —
Special Standards of
Accessibility for Buildings with
Historical Significance 473

CHAPTER lie STANDARDS FOR CARD
READERS AT GASOLINE
FUEL-DISPENSING
FACILITIES 541

Section

1 1 1 C Card-reader Devices at

Fuel-dispensing Equipment 541

1102C Application 541

1 103C Number of Accessible

Card-reading Devices Required 541

1 104C Required Features 541

1 1 05 C Protection of Dispensers

Mounted at Grade 542

CHAPTER 12 INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT .... 547
Section

1201 General 547

1202 Definitions 547

1203 Ventilation 547

1204 Temperature Control 548

1205 Lighting 549

1206 Yards or Courts 549

1207 Sound Transmission 550

1208 Interior Space Dimensions 552

1209 Access to Unoccupied Spaces 553

1210 Surrounding Materials 553

1211 Garage Door Springs 553

1212 Reserved 554

1213 Reserved 554

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1214 Reserved 554

1215 Reserved 554

1216 Reserved 554

1217 Reserved 554

1218 Reserved 554

1219 Reserved 554

1220 Reserved 554

1221 Reserved 554

1222 Reserved 554

1223 Reserved 554

1224 Hospitals 555

1225 Skilled Nursing and

Intermediate-care Facilities 581

1226 Clinics 586

1227 Correctional Treatment Centers 589

1228 Reserved 594

1229 Reserved 594

1230 Minimum Standards for

Juvenile Facilities 594

1231 Local Detention 598

1232 Reserved 603

1233 Reserved 603

1234 Reserved 604

1235 Sanitary Control of Shellfish

(Plants and Operations) 604

1236 Laboratory Animal Quarters 604

1237 Wild Animal Quarantine Facilities 604

1238 Reserved 605

1239 Reserved 605

1240 Meat and Poultry Processing Plants 605

1241 Collection Centers and Facilities 606

1242 Renderers 607

1243 Horsemeat and Pet Food Establishments 607

1244 Reserved 608

1245 Reserved 608

1246 Reserved 608

1247 Reserved 608

1248 Reserved 608

1249 Reserved 608

1250 Pharmacies 608

1251 Veterinary Facilities 608

1252 Barber Colleges and Shops 609

1253 Schools of Cosmetology,

Cosmetological Establishments and

Satellite Classrooms 609

1254 Acupuncture Offices 609

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 13 ENERGY EFFICIENCY

611

CHAPTER 14 EXTERIOR WALLS 615

Section

1401 General 615

1402 Definitions 615

1403 Performance Requirements 615

1404 Materials 616

1405 Installation of Wall Coverings 616

1406 Combustible Materials on the

Exterior Side of Exterior Walls 620

1407 Metal Composite Materials (MCM) 621

1408 Additional Requirements for

Anchored and Adhered Veneer 622

CHAPTER 15 ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND

ROOFTOP STRUCTURES 625

Section

1501 General 625

1502 Definitions 625

1503 Weather Protection 625

1504 Performance Requirements 626

1505 Fire Classification 627

1506 Materials 628

1507 Requirements for Roof Coverings 628

1508 Roof Insulation 637

1509 Rooftop Structures 637

1510 Reroofing 638

1511 S eismic Anchorage of

Slate Shingle, Clay and

Concrete Tile Roof Coverings 639

INDEX 641

HISTORY NOTE 673

VOLUME 2

CHAPTER 16 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 3

Section

1601 General 3

1602 Definitions and Notations 3

1603 Constriiction Documents 4

1604 General Design Requirements 5

1605 Load Combinations 8

1606 Dead Loads 9

1607 Live Loads 10

XXVII

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1608 Snow Loads 15

1609 Wind Loads 15

1610 Soil Lateral Loads 25

1611 Rain Loads 25

1612 Flood Loads 26

1613 Earthquake Loads 28

CHAPTER 16A STRUCTURAL DESIGN 53

Section

1601A General 53

1602A Definitions and Notations 53

1603 A Construction Documents 55

1604A General Design Requirements 56

1605A Load Combinations 59

1606A Dead Loads 60

1607A Live Loads 60

1608A Snow Loads 66

1609A Wind Loads 66

1610A Soil Lateral Loads 71

1611A Rain Loads 71

1612A Flood Loads 72

1613A Earthquake Loads 74

1614A Modifications to ASCE 7 78

CHAPTER 17 STRUCTURAL TESTS AND

SPECIAL INSPECTIONS 87

Section

1701 General 87

1702 Definitions 87

1703 Approvals 88

1704 Special Inspections 88

1705 Statement of Special Inspections 97

1706 Contractor Responsibility 98

1707 Special Inspections for Seismic Resistance .... 98

1708 Structural Testing for Seismic Resistance 99

1709 Structural Observations 100

1710 Design Strengths of Materials 100

1711 Alternative Test Procedure 100

1712 Test Safe Load 100

1713 In-situ Load Tests 101

1714 Preconstruction Load Tests 101

1715 Material and Test Standards 102

CHAPTER 17A STRUCTURAL TESTS AND

SPECIAL INSPECTIONS 105

Section

1701A General 105

1702A Definitions 105

1703A Approvals 106

1704A Special Inspections 107

1705A Statement of Special Inspections 117

1706 A Contractor Responsibility 118

1707 A Special Inspections for Seismic Resistance ... 1 18

1708A Structural Testing for Seismic Resistance .... 119

1709A Structural Observations 120

1710A Design Strengths of Materials 120

171 1 A Alternative Test Procedure 120

1712A Test Safe Load 120

1713A In-situ Load Tests 120

1714A Preconstruction Load Tests 121

1715A Material and Test Standards 122

CHAPTER 18 SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS .... 125

Section

1801 General 125

1802 Foundation and Soils Investigations 125

1803 Excavation, Grading and Fill 128

1804 Allowable Load-bearing Values of Soils 129

1805 Footings and Foundations 129

1806 Retaining Walls 140

1807 Dampproofmg and Waterproofing 140

1808 Pier and Pile Foundations 141

1809 Driven Pile Foundations 146

1810 Cast-in-place Concrete Pile Foundations 149

1811 Composite Piles 153

1812 Pier Foundations 153

CHAPTER 18A SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS .... 157

Section

1801A General 157

1802A Foundation and Soils Investigations 157

1803 A Excavation, Grading and Fill 160

1804A Allowable Load-bearing Values of Soils 161

1805A Footings and Foundations 161

1806A Retaining Walls and Cantilever Walls 165

1807 A Dampproofing and Waterproofing 166

1808A Pier and Pile Foundations 167

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1809A Driven Pile Foundations 172

1810A Cast-in-place Concrete Pile Foundations 175

1811A Composite Piles 178

1812A Pier Foundations 179

CHAPTER 19 CONCRETE 183

Section

1901 General 183

1902 Definitions 183

1903 Specifications for Tests and Materials 183

1904 Durability Requirements 183

1905 Concrete Quality, Mixing and Placing 185

1906 Formwork, Embedded Pipes and

Construction Joints 185

1907 Details of Reinforcement 186

1908 Modifications to ACI 318 186

1909 Structural Plain Concrete 189

1910 Minimum Slab Provisions 190

1911 Anchorage to Concrete — Allowable

Stress Design 190

1912 Anchorage to Concrete — Strength Design. . . . 191

1913 Shotcrete 191

1914 Reinforced Gypsum Concrete 192

1915 Concrete-filled Pipe Columns 192

CHAPTER 19A CONCRETE 197

Section

1902A General 197

1902A Definitions 197

1903A Specifications for Tests and Materials 197

1904A Durability Requirements 198

1905A Concrete Quality, Mixing and Placing 200

1906 A Formwork, Embedded Pipes and

Construction Joints 201

1907A Details of Reinforcement 201

1908A Modifications to ACI 318 202

1909A Structural Plain Concrete 208

1910A Minimum Slab Provisions 208

191 1 A Anchorage to Concrete —

Allowable Stress Design 208

1912A Anchorage to Concrete —

Strength Design 209

1913A Shotcrete 209

1914A Reinforced Gypsum Concrete 211

1915A Concrete-filled Pipe Columns 211

1916A Concrete Testing 211

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

1917A Existing Concrete Structures 212

CHAPTER 20 ALUMINUM 215

Section

2001 General 215

2002 Materials 215

2003 Inspection 215

CHAPTER 21 MASONRY 219

Section

2101 General 219

2102 Definitions and Notations 219

2103 Masonry Construction Materials 223

2104 Construction 226

2105 Quality Assurance 229

2106 Seismic Design 230

2107 Allowable Stress Design 232

2108 Strength Design of Masonry 232

2109 Empirical Design of Masonry 233

2110 Glass Unit Masonry '. . . 239

2111 Masonry Fireplaces 241

2112 Masonry Heaters 243

2113 Masonry Chimneys 243

CHAPTER 21A MASONRY 251

Section

2101A General 251

2102A Definitions and Notations 251

2103A Masonry Construction Materials 255

2104A Construction 258

2105A Quality Assurance 263

2106A Seismic Design 265

2107A Allowable Stress Design 267

2108A Strength Design of Masonry 268

2109A Empirical Design of Masonry 268

2110A Glass Unit Masonry 268

2111A Masonry Fireplaces 269

2112A Masonry Heaters 271

2113A Masonry Chimneys 271

2114A Nonbearing Walls 275

2115A Masonry Screen Walls 276

CHAPTER 22 STEEL 279

Section

2201 General 279

XXIX

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2202 Definitions 279

2203 Identification and Protection of Steel

for Structural Purposes 279

2204 Connections 279

2205 Structural Steel 279

2206 Steel Joists 280

2207 Steel Cable Structures 280

2208 Steel Storage Racks 281

2209 Cold-formed Steel 281

2210 Cold-formed Steel Light-framed

Construction 281

CHAPTER 22A STEEL 285

Section

2201A General 285

2202A Definitions 285

2203A Identification and Protection of

Steel for Structural Purposes 285

2204A Connections 285

2205A -Structural Steel 286

2206A Steel Joists 288

2207A Steel Cable Structures 289

2208A Steel Storage Racks 289

2209A Cold-formed Steel 289

221 OA Cold-formed Steel Light-framed

Construction 289

221 1 A Light Modular Steel Moment

Frames for Public Elementary and

Secondary Schools, and

Community Colleges 289

2212A Testing 290

CHAPTER 23 WOOD 293

Section

2301 General 293

2302 Definitions 293

2303 Minimum Standards and Quality 295

2304 General Construction Requirements 299

2305 General Design Requirements for

Lateral-force-resisting Systems 309

2306 Allowable Stress Design 317

2307 Load and Resistance Factor Design 327

2308 Conventional Light-frame Construction 327

CHAPTER 24 GLASS AND GLAZING 373

Section

2401 General 373

2402 Definitions 373

2403 General Requirements for Glass 373

2404 Wind, Snow, Seismic and

Dead Loads on Glass 373

2405 Sloped Glazing and Skylights 376

2406 Safety Glazing 377

2407 Glass in Handrails and Guards 379

2408 Glazing in Athletic Facilities 379

2409 Glass in Elevator Hoistway 380

CHAPTER 25 GYPSUM BOARD

AND PLASTER 383

Section

2501 General 383

2502 Definitions 383

2503 Inspection 383

2504 Vertical and Horizontal Assemblies 383

2505 Shear Wall Construction 384

2506 Gypsum Board Materials 384

2507 Lathing and Plastering 384

2508 Gypsum Construction 385

2509 Gypsum Board in Showers and

Water Closets 386

2510 Lathing and Furring for Cement

Plaster (Stucco) 386

2511 Interior Plaster 387

2512 Exterior Plaster 387

2513 Exposed Aggregate Plaster 388

CHAPTER 26 PLASTIC 393

Section

2601 General 393

2602 Definitions 393

2603 Foam Plastic Insulation 393

2604 Interior Finish and Trim 396

2605 Plastic Veneer 397

2606 Light-transmitting Plastics 397

2607 Light- transmitting Plastic Wall Panels 398

2608 Light-transmitting Plastic Glazing 399

2609 Light-transmitting Plastic Roof Panels 399

2610 Light-transmitting Plastic Skylight Glazing . . 400

2611 Light-transmitting Plastic Interior Signs 400

CHAPTER 27 ELECTRICAL 403

Section

2701 General 403

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2702 Emergency and Standby Power Systems 403

CHAPTER 28 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 407

Section

2801 General 407

2802 Spark Arresters 407

CHAPTER 29 PLUMBING SYSTEMS 409

Section

2901 General 409

CHAPTER 30 ELEVATORS AND

CONVEYING SYSTEMS 413

Section

3001 General 413

3002 Hoistway Enclosures 413

3003 Emergency Operations 414

3004 Hoistway Venting 416

3005 Conveying Systems 416

3006 Machine Rooms 417

3007 Special Requirements for

Elevators in Hospitals 417

CHAPTER 31 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION .... 421

Section

3101 General 421

3102 Membrane Structures 421

3103 Temporary Structures 422

3104 Pedestrian Walkways and Tunnels 422

3105 Awnings and Canopies 423

3106 Marquees 424

3107 Signs 424

3108 Radio and Television Towers 424

3 109 Swimming Pool Enclosures and

Safety Devices 424

CHAPTER 31B PUBLIC SWIMMING POOLS ... 431

Section

3101B Scope 431

3102B Definitions 431

3103B Special Pool Classifications 432

3104B Accessibility to the Physically

Handicapped Person 432

3105B Alternate Equipment, Materials and

Methods of Construction 432

3106B Pool Construction 432

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

3107B Additional Requirements for a

Temporary Training Pool 433

3108B Pool Geometry 433

3109B Permanent Markings 433

3 1 lOB Steps, Recessed Steps, Ladders and

Recessed Stairs (Treads) 437

3111B Handholds 437

3112B Diving Boards 437

3113B Pool Decks 437

31 14B Pool Lighting 438

3 1 15B Bathhouse Dressing,

Shower and Toilet Facilities 438

3116B Drinking Fountains 438

3117B Hose Bibbs 439

3118B Enclosure of Pool Area 439

3119B Signs 439

3120B Indoor Pool Ventilation 441

3121B Foundations For Pool Equipment 441

3122B Gas Chlorination Equipment Room 441

3123B General Requirements 441

3124B Turnover Time 442

3125B Recirculation Piping System and

Components 442

3126B Recirculation Pump Capacity 442

3127B Water Supply Inlets 442

3128B Filters (All Types) 442

3129B Rapid Sand Pressure Filters 443

3130B Diatomaceous Earth Filters 443

3131B High-rate Sand Filters 443

3132B Chemical Feeders 443

3133B Disinfectant Feeders 444

3134B Pool Fittings 444

3135B Spa Pool Special Requirements 445

3136B Cleaning Systems 445

3137B Waste Water Disposal 445

3138B Reserved 446

3139B Reserved 446

3140B Reserved. 446

3141B Reserved 446

3142B Reserved 446

3143B Reserved 446

3144B Reserved 446

3145B Reserved 446

3146B Reserved 446

3147B Reserved 446

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3148B Reserved 446

3149B Reserved 446

3150B Reserved 446

3151B Reserved 446

3152B Reserved 446

3153B Reserved 446

3154B Reserved 446

3155B Reserved 446

3156B Reserved 446

3157B Reserved 446

3158B Reserved 446

3159B Reserved 446

3160B 446

3161B 447

CHAPTER 31C RADIATION 451

Section

3101C Scope 451

3102C Radiation Shielding Barriers 451

3103C Medical Radiographic and

Photofluorographic Installations 451

3104C Medical Therapeutic X-ray Installations 451

CHAPTER 31D FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS 455

Section

3101D Scope 455

3102D Definitions 455

3103B Building and Structures 455

CHAPTER 31E TENTS AND MEMBRANE

STRUCTURES 459

Section

3101E General Provisions 459

3102E Definitions 459

3 103E Tents Having an Occupant of

Load 10 or More 459

3104E Location of Tents 459

3105E Structural Requirements 460

3106E Exit Requirements 460

3107E Heating Equipment 460

3108E Membrane (Air-supported and

Air-inflated) Structures 460

3 109E Alternative Means of Protection 460

CHAPTER 31F MARINE OIL TERMINALS 465

Section

3101F Introduction 465

3102F Audit and Inspection 466

3103F Structural Loading Criteria 476

3104F Seismic Analysis and

Structural Performance 488

3105F Mooring and Berthing Analysis and

Design 494

3106F Geotechnical Hazards and Foundations 499

3107F Structural Analysis and

Design of Components 502

3108F Fire Prevention, Detection and Suppression . . 514

3109F Piping and Pipelines 518

3110F Mechanical and Electrical Equipment 520

3111F Electrical Systems 523

CHAPTER 32 ENCROACHMENTS INTO THE

PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY 527

Section

3201 General 527

3202 Encroachments 527

CHAPTER 33 SAFEGUARDS DURING

CONSTRUCTION 531

Section

3301 General 531

3302 Construction Safeguards 531

3303 Demolition 531

3304 Site Work 531

3305 Sanitary 531

3306 Protection of Pedestrians 531

3307 Protection of Adjoining Property 533

3308 Temporary Use of Streets, Alleys and

Public Property 533

3309 Fire Extinguishers 533

3310 Exits 533

331 1 Standpipes 533

3312 Automatic Sprinkler System 534

CHAPTER 34 EXISTING STRUCTURES 537

Section

3401 General 537

3402 Definitions 537

3403 Additions, Alterations or Repairs 537

3404 Fire Escapes 539

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3405 Glass Replacement 539

3406 Change of Occupancy 540

3407 Historic Buildings 540

3408 Moved Structures 540

3409 Reserved 540

3410 Compliance Alternatives 540

341 1 Existing Group R-1 and

Group R-2 Occupancies 549

3412 Existing High-rise Buildings 552

3413 Existing Group I Occupancies 554

3414 Existing Group L Occupancies 554

3415 Earthquake Evaluation and

Design for Retrofit of

Existing Buildings 555

3416 Definitions 557

3417 Seismic Criteria Selection for

Existing Buildings 557

3418 Method A 560

3419 Method B 560

3420 Peer Review Requirements 561

3421 Additional Requirements for

Public Schools 562

CHAPTER 34A EXISTING STRUCTURES 565

Section

3401A General 565

3402A Definitions 565

3403A Additions, Alterations or Repairs 566

3404A Fire Escapes 567

3405A Glass Replacement 568

3406A Change of Occupancy 568

3407A Historic Buildings 568

3408A Moved Structures 568

3409A Reserved 568

3410A Compliance Alternatives ; . . . . 568

3411 A Additions, Alterations, Repairs and
Seismic Retrofit to Existing
Buildings or Structures 577

3412A Earthquake Evaluation and

Design for Retrofit of Existing

Hospital Buildings 578

3413A Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings 579

3414A Peer Review Requirements 582

CHAPTER 35 REFERENCED STANDARDS. ... 585

APPENDIX CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION. ... 609

Section

101 General 609

102 Applicability 609

103 Department of Building Safety 610

104 Duties and Powers of Building Official 610

105 Permits 611

106 Construction Documents 613

107 Temporary Structures and Uses 614

108 Fees 614

109 Inspections 615

110 Certificate of Occupancy 616

111 Service Utilities 616

1 12 Board of Appeals 616

1 13 Violations 616

114 Stop Work Order 617

115 Unsafe Structures and Equipment 617

APPENDIX A EMPLOYEE

QUALIFICATIONS 621

Section

AlOl Building Official Qualifications 621

A102 Referenced Standards 621

APPENDIX B BOARD OF APPEALS 625

Section

BlOl General 625

APPENDIX C GROUP U— AGRICULTURAL

BUILDINGS 629

Section

ClOl General 629

CI 02 Allowable Height and Area 629

C103 Mixed Occupancies ' ... 629

C104 Exits 629

APPENDIX D FIRE DISTRICTS 633

Section

DlOl General 633

D102 Building Restrictions 633

D103 Changes to Buildings 634

D104 Buildings Located Partially in the

Fire District 634

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

XXXIII

TABLE OF CONTENTS

D105 Exceptions to Restrictions in Fire District. . . . 634
D106 Referenced Standards 635

APPENDIX E RESERVED 639

APPENDIX F RODENTPROOFING 643

Section

FlOl General 643

APPENDIX G FLOOD-RESISTANT

CONSTRUCTION 647

Section

GlOl Administration 647

G102 Applicability 647

G103 Powers and Duties 647

G104 Permits 648

G105 Variances 648

G201 Definitions 649

G301 Subdivisions 650

G401 Site Improvement 650

G501 Manufactured Homes 650

G601 Recreational Vehicles 650

G701 Tanks 651

G801 Other Building Work 651

G901 Referenced Standards 651

APPENDIX H SIGNS 655

Section

HlOl General 655

H102 Definitions 655

H103 Location 655

H104 Identification 655

H105 Design and Construction 655

H106 Electrical 656

H107 Combustible Materials 656

H108 Animated Devices 656

H109 Ground Signs 656

HUG Roof Signs 657

Hill Wall Signs 657

H112 Projecting Signs 657

H113 Marquee Signs 658

H114 Portable Signs 658

HI 15 Referenced Standards 658

APPENDIX I PATIO COVERS 661

Section

1101 General 661

1102 Definitions 661

1103 Exterior Openings 661

1104 Structural Provisions 661

APPENDIX J GRADING 665

JlOl General 665

J102 Definitions 665

J 103 Permits Required 665

J 104 Permit Application and Submittals 665

J105 Inspections 666

J106 Excavations 666

J107 Fills 667

J108 Setbacks 667

J109 Drainage and Terracing 667

Jl 10 Erosion Control 668

Jill Referenced Standards 668

INDEX 669

HISTORY NOTE 701

XXXIV

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CALIFORNIA CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

GEO

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire California
Chapter

Adopt Entire California
Chapter as amended
(amended sections listed
below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter/
Section

Codes

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109,1

109.2

110.1

110,2

110.3

110.4

111

112.0

114.0

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

(CALIFORNIA) CHAPTER 1

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

SECTION 101
GENERAL

101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the California
Building Code, may be cited as such and will be referred to
herein as "this code. " The California Building Code is Part 2 of
12 parts of the official compilation and publication of the adop-
tion amendment and repeal of building regulations to the Cali-
fornia Code of Regulations, Title 24, also referred to as the
California Building Standards Code. This part incorporates by
adoption the 2006 International Building Code of the Interna-
tional Code Council with necessary California amendments.

101.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the min-
imum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety and
general welfare through structural strength, means of egress
facilities, stability, access to persons with disabilities, sanita-
tion, adequate lighting and ventilation and energy conserva-
tion; safety to life and property from fire and other hazards
attributed to the built environment; and to provide safety to fire
fighters and emergency responders during emergency opera-
tions.

[DSA-AC] The purpose of this code is to ensure that bar-
rier-free design is incorporated in all buildings, facilities, site .
work and other developments to which this code applies and to
ensure that they are accessible to and usable by persons with
disabilities.

101.3 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the con-
struction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement,
repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance,
removal and demolition of every building or structure or any
appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or
structures throughout the State of California.

101.3.1 Nonstate-regulated buildings, structures and
applications. Except as modified by local ordinance pursu-
ant to Section 101.8, the following standards in the Califor-
nia Code ofRegulations, Title 24, Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10
shall apply to all occupancies and applications not regu-
lated by a state agency.

101.3.2 State-regulated buildings, structures and applica-
tions. The model code, state amendments to the model code,
and/or state amendments where there are no relevant model
code provisions shall apply to the following buildings,
structures, and applications regulated by state agencies as
referenced in the Matrix Adoption Tables and as specified in
Sections 102 through 114, except where modified by local
ordinance pursuant to Section 101.8. When adopted by a
state agency, the provisions of this code shall be enforced by
the appropriate enforcing agency, but only to the extent of
authority granted to such agency by the state legislature.

Note: See Preface to distinguish the model code provi-
sions from the California provisions.

1. State-owned buildings, including buildings con-
structed by the Trustees of the California State

University, and to the extent permitted by Cali-
fornia laws, buildings designed and constructed
by the Regents of the University of California,
and regulated by the Building Standards Com-
mission. See Section 102 for additional scope
provisions.

2. Local detention facilities regulated by the Cor-
rections Standards Authority. See Section 103 for
additional scope provisions.

3. Barbering, cosmetology or electrolysis estab-
lishments, acupuncture offices, pharmacies, vet-
erinary facilities and structural pest control
locations regulated by the Department of Con-
sumer Affairs. See Section 104 for additional
scope provisions.

4. Energy efficiency standards regulated by the Cal-
ifornia Energy Commission. See Section 105 for
additional scope provisions.

5. Dairies and places of meat inspection regulated
by the Department of Food and Agriculture. See
Section 106 for additional scope provisions.

6. Organized camps, laboratory animal quarters,
public swimming pools, radiation protection,
commissaries serving mobile food preparation
vehicles and wild animal quarantine facilities
regulated by the Department of Health Services.
See Section 107 for additional scope provisions.

7. Hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartment
houses, dwellings, dormitories, condominiums,
shelters for homeless persons, congregate resi-
dences, employee housing, factory-built housing
and other types of dwellings containing sleeping
accommodations with or without common toilets
or cooking facilities. See Section 108.2.1.1 for
additional scope provisions.

8. Accommodations for persons with disabilities in
buildings containing newly constructed covered
multifamily dwellings, new common use spaces
serving existing covered multifamily dwellings,
additions to existing buildings where the addition
alone meets the definition of a "Covered multi-
family dwelling" and common-use spaces serv-
ing covered multifamily dwellings which are
regulated by . the Department of Housing and
Community Development. See Section 108.2.1.2
for additional scope provisions.

9. Permanent buildings and permanent accessory
buildings or structures constructed within
mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks
regulated by the Department of Housing and
Community Development. See Section 108.2.1.3
for additional scope provisions.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

10. Accommodations for persons with disabilities
regulated by the Division of the State Architect.
See Section 109.1 for additional scope provi-
sions.

11. Public elementary and secondary schools, com-
munity college buildings and state-owned or
state-leased essential service buildings regulated
by the Division of the State Architect. See Section
109.2 for additional scope provisions.

12. Qualified historical buildings and structures and
their associated sites regulated by the State His-
torical Building Safety Boardwith the Division of
the State Architect. See Section 109.3 for addi-
tional scope provisions.

13. General acute care hospitals, acute psychiatric
hospitals, skilled nursing and/or intermediate
carefacilities, clinics licensed by the Department
of Health Services and correctional treatment
centers regulated by the Office of Statewide
Health Planning and Development. See Section
110 for additional scope provisions.

14. Applications regulated by the Office of the State
Fire Marshal include, but are not limited to, the
following in accordance with Section 111:

14.1. Buildings or structures used or intended
for use as an:

14.1.1. Asylum, jail.

14.1.2. Mental hospital, hospital,
home for the elderly, chil-
dren's nursery, children's
home or institution, school
or any similar occupancy of
any capacity.

14.1.3. Theater, dancehall, skating
rink, auditorium, assembly
hall, meeting hall, nightclub,
fair building or similar place
of assemblage where 50 or
more persons may gather to-
gether in a building, room or
structure for the purpose of
amusement, entertainment,
instruction, deliberation,
worship, drinking or dining,
awaiting transportation, or
education.

14.1.4. Small family day care homes,
large family day care homes,
residential facilities and res-
idential facilities for the el-
derly, residential care
facilities.

14.1.5. State institutions or other
state-owned or state-occu-
pied buildings.

14.1.6. High rise structures.

14.1.7. Motion picture production
studios.

14.1.8. Organized camps.

14.1.9. Residential structures.

14.2. Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures
used in connection with any occupancy.

14.3. Fire alarm devices, equipment and sys-
tems in connection with any occupancy .

14.4. Hazardous materials, flammable and
combustible liquids.

14.5. Public school automatic fire detection,
alarm and sprinkler systems.

14.6. Wildland-urban interface fire areas.

1 5. Public libraries constructed and renovated using
funds from the California Library Construction
and Renovation Bond Act of 1988 and regulated
by the State Librarian. See Section 112 for addi-
tional scope provisions.

1 6. Graywater systems regulated by the Department
of Water Resources. See Section 113 for addi-
tional scope provisions.

17. For applications listed in Section 1 09. 1 regulated
by the Division of the State Architect— Access
Compliance, outdoor environments and uses
shall be classified according to accessibility uses
described in Chapters 11 A, IIB and IIC.

18. Marine Oil Terminals regulated by the California
State Lands Commission. See Section 114 for ad-
ditional scope provisions.

101.4 Appendices. Provisions contained in the appendices of
this code shall not apply unless specifically adopted by a state
agency or adopted by a local enforcing agency in compliance
with Health and Safety Code Section 18938(b) for Building
Standards Law, Health and Safety Code Section 17950 for
State Housing Law and Health and Safety Code Section
13869. 7 for Fire Protection Districts. See Section 101.8 of this
code.

101.5 Referenced codes. The codes, standards and publica-
tions adopted and set forth in this code, including other codes,
standards and publications referred to therein are, by title and
date of publication, hereby adopted as standard reference doc-
uments of this code. When this code does not specifically cover
any subject related to building design and construction, recog-
nized architectural or engineering practices shall be
employed. The National Fire Codes and the Fire Protection
Handbook of the National Fire Protection Association are per-
mitted to be used as authoritative guides in determining recog-
nized fire prevention engineering practices.

101.6 Nonbuilding standards, orders and regulations.

Requirements contained in the International Building Code, or
in any other referenced standard, code or document, which are
not building standards as defined in Health and Safety Code
Section 18909, shall not be construed as part of the provisions
of this code. For nonbuilding standards, orders and regula-
tions, see other titles of the California Code of Regulations.

101.7 Order of precedence and use.

101.7.1 Differences. In the event of any differences between
these building standards and the standard reference docu-
ments, the text of these building standards shall govern.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

101. 7.2 Specific provisions. Where a specific provision, var-
ies from a general provision, the specific provision shall
apply.

101.7.3 Conflicts. When the requirements of this code con-
flict with the requirements of any other part of the California
Building Standards Code, Title 24, the most restrictive
requirements shall prevail.

101.8 City, county or city and county amendments, additions
or deletions. The provisions of this code do not limit the author-
ity of city, county or city and county governments to establish
more restrictive and reasonably necessary differences to the
provisions contained in this code pursuant to complying with
Section 101.8.1. The effective date of amendments, additions
or deletions to this code of cities, counties or city and counties
filed pursuant to Section 101.8.1 shall be the date filed. How-
ever, in no case shall the amendments, additions or deletions to
this code be effective any sooner than the effective date of this
code.

Local modifications shall comply with Health and Safety
Code Section 18938(b) for Building Standards Law, Health
and Safety Code Section 17950 for State Housing Law or
Health and Safety Code Section 13869.7 for Fire Protection
Districts.

101.8.1 Findings and filings.

1. The city, county or city and county shall make express
findings for each amendment, addition or deletion
based upon climatic, topographical or geological
conditions.

Exception: Hazardous building ordinances and
programs mitigating unreinforced masonry build-
ings.

2. The city, county or city and county shall file the
amendments, additions or deletions expressly marked
and identified as to the applicable findings. Cities,
counties, cities and counties, and fire departments
shall file the amendments, additions or deletions, and
the findings with the California Building Standards
Commission at 2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130,
Sacramento, CA 95833.

3. Findings prepared by fire protection districts shall be
ratified by the local city, county or city and county and
filed with the California Department of Housing and
Community Development at 1800 3''^ Street, Room
260, Sacramento, CA 95814.

101.9 Effective date of this code. Only those standards
approved by the California Building Standards Commission
that are effective at the time an application for building permit
is submitted shall apply to the plans and specifications for, and
to the construction performed under, that permit. For the effec-
tive dates of the provisions contained in this code, see the His-
tory Note page of this code.

101.10 Availability of codes. At least one entire copy each of
Titles 8, 19, 20, 24 and 25 with all revisions shall be maintained
in the office of the building official responsible for the adminis-
tration and enforcement of this code. See Health and Safety
Code Section 18942(d)(1) and (2).

101.11 Format. This part fundamentally adopts the Interna-
tional Building Code by reference on a chapter-by-chapter
basis. Such adoption is reflected in the Matrix Adoption Table
of each chapter of this part. When the Matrix Adoption Tables
make no reference to a specific chapter of the International
Building Code such chapter of the International Building Code
is not adopted as a portion of this code.

101.12 Validity. If any chapter, section, subsection, sentence,
clause or phrase of this code is for any reason held to be uncon-
stitutional, contrary to statute, exceeding the authority of the
state as stipulated by statutes or otherwise inoperative, such
decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion of
this code.

SECTION 102
BUILDING STANDARDS COMMISSION

102.1 Specific scope of application of the agency responsible
for enforcement, the enforcement agency and the specific
authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this code,
unless otherwise stated.

1. State buildings for all occupancies.

Application — State buildings (all occupancies),
including buildings constructed by the Trustees of the
California State University and the Regents of the
University of California where no state agency has
the authority to adopt building standards applicable
to such buildings.

Enforcing agency — State or local agency specified
by the applicable provisions of law.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section
18934.6

Reference — Health and Safety Code, Division 13,
Part 2.5, commencing with Section 18901.

2. University of California, California State Universities
and California Community Colleges.

Application — Standards for lighting for parking lots
and primary campus walkways at the University of
California, California State Universities and Califor-
nia Community Colleges.

Enforcing agency — State or local agency specified
by the applicable provisions of law.

Authority cited — Government Code Section 14617.

Reference — Government Code Section 14617.

3. Existing state-owned buildings, including those owned
by the University of California and by the California
State University.

Application — Building seismic retrofit standards
including abating falling hazards of structural and
nonstructural components and strengthening of
building structures. See also Division of the State
Architect

Enforcing agency — State or local agency specified
by the applicable provisions of law.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

Authority cited — Government Code Section 16600.

Reference — Government Code Sections 16600
through 16604.

4. Unreinforced masonry-bearing wall buildings.

Application — Minimum seismic strengthening stan-
dards for buildings specified in Appendix Chapter Al
of the California Existing Building Code, except for
buildings subject to building standards adopted pur-
suant to Health and Safety Code (commencing) with
Section 17910.

Enforcing agency — State or local agency specified
by the applicable provisions of law.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section
18934.6.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Sections 18901
through 18949.

SECTION 103
CORRECTIONS STANDARDS AUTHORITY

103.1 Specific scope of application of the agency responsible
for enforcement, the enforcement agency and the specific
authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this code,
unless otherwise stated.

Application — Local detention facilities.

Enforcing agency — Corrections Standards Authority.

Authority cited — Penal Code Section 6030; Welfare and
Institutions Code Sections 207.1, 210 and 885.

Reference — Penal Code Section 6030; Welfare and Institu-
tions Code Sections 207.1, 210 and 885.

SECTION 104
DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS

104.1 Specific scope of application of the agency responsible
for enforcement, the enforcement agency and the specific
authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this code,
unless otherwise stated.

1. Board ofBarbering and Cosmetology.

Application — Any establishment or mobile unit
where barbering, cosmetology or electrolysis is being
performed.

Enforcing agency — State or local agency specified
by the applicable provisions of law.

Authority cited — Business and Professions Code
Section 7312.

Reference — Business and Professions Code Sections
7303, 7303.1, 7312 and 7313.

2. Acupuncture Board.

Application — Acupuncture offices.

Enforcing agency — State or local agency specified
by the applicable provisions of law.

Authority cited — Business and Professions Code
Section 4933.

Reference — Business and Professions Code Sections
4928, 4928.1 and 493 3.

3. Board of Pharmacy.

Application — Pharmacies.

Enforcing agency — State or local agency specified
by the applicable provisions of law.

Authority cited — Business and Professions Code
Section 4005.

Reference — Business and Professions Code Sections
4005,4127.7 and 4201.

4. Veterinary Medical Board.

Application — Veterinary facilities.

Enforcing agency — State or local agency specified
by the applicable provisions of law.

Authority cited — Business and Professions Code
Section 4808.

Reference — Business and Professions Code Sections
4800, 4800. 1, 4808 and 4809.5.

5. Structural Pest Control Board.

Application — structural pest control locations.

Enforcing agency — Structural Pest Control Board.

Authority cited — Business and Professions Code
Section 8525.

Reference — Business and Professions Code Sections
8520, 8520.1 and 8525.

SECTION 105
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION

105.1 Specific scope of application of the agency responsible
for enforcement, enforcement agency, and the specific author-
ity to adopt and enforce such provisions of this code, unless
otherwise stated.

Application — All occupancies as specified in Title 24, Part
6, Section 100.

Enforcing agency — Local building department or the Cal-
ifornia Energy Commission.

Authority cited — Public Resources Code Sections 25213,
25402, 25920 and 25402.2.

Reference — Public Resources Code Sections 25001,
25213, 25402 and 25402.2.

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SECTION 106
DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

106.1 Specific scope of application of the agency responsible
for enforcement, the enforcement agency and the specific
authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this code,
unless otherwise stated.

Application — Dairies and places of meat and poultry
inspection.

Enforcing agency — Department of Food and Agriculture.

Authority cited — Food and Agricultural Code Sections
18735, 18960, 19384, 33481 and 33731.

Reference — Food and Agricultural Code Sections 18735,
18960, 19384, 33481 and 33731.

SECTION 107
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES

107.1 Specific scope of application of the agency responsible
for enforcement, the enforcement agency and the specific
authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this code,
unless otherwise stated.

Department of Health Services.

Application — Organized camps, laboratory animal
quarters, public swimming pools, radiation protection
and producing facilities, commissaries serving mobile
food preparation vehicles, wild animal quarantine facili-
ties, shellfish facilities and food establishments.

Enforcing agency — The Department of Health Services
and the local health agencies.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections 1660,
18897.2, 100275, 110065, 112165, 113710, 114304,
115061, 116050 and 121795.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Sections 1650,
1660, 18897.2, 18897.4, 18897.7, 100150, 100275,
110065, 113705, 113710, 114825, 114965, 115061,
116050, 116503, 112165 and 121795.

SECTION 108

DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT

108.1 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the min-
imum requirements necessary to protect the health, safety and
general welfare of the occupants and the public by governing
accessibility, erection, construction, enlargement, conversion,
alteration, repair, moving, removal, demolition, occupancy,
use, height, court, area, sanitation, ventilation, maintenance,
safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attrib-
uted to the built environment.

108.2 Authority and abbreviations.

108.2.1 General. The Department of Housing and Commu-
nity Development is authorized by law to promulgate and
adopt building standards and regulations for several types
of building applications. These applications are grouped

and identified by abbreviation in the Matrix Adoption
Tables to show which model code sections and amendments
are applicable to each application. The applications under
the authority of the Department of Housing and Community
Development are listed in Sections 108.2.1.1 through
108.2.1.3.

108.2.1.1 Housing construction. Application-Hotels,
motels, lodging houses, apartment houses, dwellings,
dormitories, condominiums, shelters for homeless per-
sons, congregate residences, employee housing, fac-
tory-built housing and other types of dwellings
containing sleeping accommodations with or without
common toilet or cooking facilities including accessory
buildings, facilities, and uses thereto. Sections of this
code which pertain to applications listed in this section
are identified in the Matrix Adoption Table using the
abbreviation "HCD 1."

Enforcing agency — Local building department or
the Department of Housing and Community Develop-
ment.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections
17921, 17922 and 19990.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Sections 17000
through 17060, 17910 through 17990 and 19960
through 19997.

108.2.1.2 Housing accessibility. Application - Covered
multifamily dwelling units as defined in Chapter HA
including, but not limited to, lodging houses, dormito-
ries, timeshares, condominiums, shelters for homeless
persons, congregate residences, apartment houses,
dwellings, employee housing, factory-built housing and
other types of dwellings containing sleeping accommo-
dations with or without common toilet or cooking facili-
ties.

Sections of this code identified in the Matrix Adoption
Table by the abbreviation "HCD 1-AC" require specific
accommodations for persons with physical disabilities,
as defined in Chapter 11 A. The application of such provi-
sions shall be in conjunction with other requirements of
this code and apply only to Group R occupancies which
are newly constructed covered multifamily dwellings as
defined in Chapter llA of the California Building Code.
"HCD 1-AC" applications include, but are not limited
to, the following:

1. All newly constructed covered multifamily dwell-
ings as defined in Chapter 11 A.

2. New common use areas as defined in Chapter HA
serving existing covered multifamily dwellings.

3. Additions to existing buildings, where the addition
alone meets the definition of a "Covered multifam-
ily dwelling" as defined in Chapter 11 A.

4. Common use areas serving covered multifamily
dwellings.

"HCD 1-AC" building standards generally do not
apply to public use areas or public accommodations

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

such as hotels and motels. Public use areas, public
accommodations and housing which is publicly funded
as defined in Chapters 2, llA and IIB of this code are
subject to the Division of the State Architect (DSA-AC)
and are referenced in Section 109.1.

Enforcing agency — Local building department or
the Department of Housing and Community Develop-
ment.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections
17921, 17922 and 19990 and Government Code Sec-
tion 12955.1.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Sections 17000
through 17060, 17910 through 17990 and 19960
through 19997 and Government Code Section
12955.1.

108.2.1.3 Permanent buildings in mobilehome parks
and special occupancy parks. Application-Permanent
buildings, and permanent accessory buildings or struc-
tures, constructed within mobilehome parks and special
occupancy parks that are under the control and owner-
ship of the park operator. Sections of this code which per-
tain to applications listed in this section are identified in
the Matrix Adoption Table using the abbreviation "HCD
2."

Enforcing agency — Local building department or
other local agency responsible for the enforcement of
Health and Safety Code Division 13, Part 2.1 com-
mencing with Section 18200 for mobilehome parks
and Health and Safety Code Division 13, Part 2.3
commencing with Section 18860 for special occu-
pancy parks or the Department of Housing and Com-
munity Development.

SECTION 108.3
LOCAL ENFORCING AGENCY

108.3.1 Duties and powers. The building department of
every city, county or city and county shall enforce all the
provisions of law, this code, and the other rules and regula-
tions promulgated by the Department of Housing and Com-
munity Development pertaining to the installation, erection,
reconstruction, movement, enlargement, conversion, alter-
ation, repair, removal, demolition or arrangement of apart-
ment houses, hotels and dwellings, including accessory
buildings, facilities and uses thereto.

The provisions regulating the erection and construction
of dwellings and appurtenant structures shall not apply to
existing structures as to which construction is commenced
or approved prior to the ejfective date of these regulations.
Requirements relating to use, maintenance and occupancy
shall apply to all dwellings and appurtenant structures
approvedfor construction or constructed before or after the
effective date of this code.

108.3.2 Laws, rules and regulations. Other than the build-
ing standards contained in this code, and notwithstanding

other provisions of law, the statutory authority and location
of the laws, rules and regulations to be enforced by local
enforcing agencies are listed by statute in Sections
108.3.2.1 through 108.3.2.5 below:

108.3.2.1 State Housing Law. Refer to the State Housing
Law, California Health and Safety Code, Division 13,
Part 1.5 commencing with Section 17910 and California
Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1,
Subchapter 1, Article 1, commencing with Section 1, for
the erection, reconstruction, movement, enlargement,
conversion, alteration, repair, removal, demolition or
arrangement of apartment houses, hotels and dwellings,
including accessory buildings, facilities and uses
thereto.

108.3.2.2 Mobilehome Parks Act. Refer to the
Mobilehome Parks Act, California Health and Safety
Code, Division 13, Part 2.1, Article 1, commencing with
Section 18200 and California Code of Regulations, Title
25, Division 1, Chapter 2, commencing with Section
1000 for mobilehome park administrative and enforce-
ment authority, permits, plans, fees, violations, inspec-
tions and penalties both within and outside mobilehome
parks.

Exception: Mobilehome parks where the Department
of Housing and Community Development is the
enforcing agency.

108.3.2.3 Special Occupancy Parks Act. Refer to the
Special Occupancy Parks Act, California Health and
Safety Code, Division 13, Part 2.3, commencing with
Section 18860 and California Code of Regulations, Title
25, Division 1, Chapter 2.2, Article 1, commencing with
Section 2000 for special occupancy park administrative
and enforcement authority, permits, fees, violations,
inspections and penalties both within and outside of spe-
cial occupancy parks.

Exception: Special occupancy parks where the
Department of Housing and Community Develop-
ment is the enforcing agency.

108.3.2.4 Employee Housing Act. Refer to the Employee
Housing Act, California Health and Safety Code, Divi-
sion 13, Part 1, commencing with Section 17000 and
California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1,
Chapter 1, Subchapter 3, Article 1, commencing with
Section 600 for employee housing administrative and
enforcement authority, permits, fees, violations, inspec-
tions and penalties.

108.3.2.5 Factory -Built Housing Law. Refer to the Fac-
tory-Built Housing Law, California Health and Safety
Code, Division 13, Part 6 commencing with Section
19960 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25,
Division 1, Chapter 3, Subchapter 1, Article 1, com-
mencing with Section 3000 for factory-built housing
administrative and enforcement authority, permits, fees,
violations, inspections and penalties.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

SECTION 108.4

PERMITS, FEES, APPLICATIONS AND

INSPECTIONS

108.4.1 Permits. A written construction permit shall be
obtained from the enforcing agency prior to the erection,
construction, reconstruction, installation, moving or alter-
ation of any building or structure.

Exceptions:

1. Work exempt from permits as specified in Appendix
Chapter 1, Section 105.2.

2. Changes, alterations or repairs of a minor nature
not affecting structural features, egress, sanita-
tion, safety or accessibility as determined by the
enforcing agency.

Exemptions from permit requirements shall not be
deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done in
any manner in violation of other provisions of law or this
code.

108.4.2 Fees. Subject to other provisions of law, the govern-
ing body of any city, county or city and county may prescribe
fees to defray the cost of enforcement of rules and regula-
tions promulgated by the Department of Housing and Com-
munity Development. The amount of the fees shall not
exceed the amount reasonably necessary to administer or
process permits, certificates, forms or other documents, or
to defray the costs of enforcement For additional informa-
tion, see the State Housing Law, Health and Safety Code,
Division 13, Part 1.5, Section 17951 and California Code of
Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1,
Article 3, commencing with Section 6.

108.4.3 Plan review and time limitations. Subject to other
provisions of law, provisions related to plan checking, pro-
hibition of excessive delays and contracting with or employ-
ment of private parties to perform plan checking are set
forth in the State Housing Law, Health and Safety Code Sec-
tion 17960.1, and for employee housing, in Health and
Safety Code Section 17021.

108.4.3.1 Retention of plans. The building department
of every city, county or city and county shall maintain an
official copy, microfilm, electronic or other type of photo-
graphic copy of the plans of every building, during the
life of the building, for which the department issued a
building permit

Exceptions:

1. Single or multiple dwellings not more than two
stories and basement in height.

2. Garages and other structures appurtenant to
buildings listed in Exception 1.

3. Farm or ranch buildings appurtenant to build-
ings listed in Exception 1.

4. Any one-story building where the span between
bearing walls does not exceed 25 feet (7620
mm), except a steel frame or concrete building.

All plans for common interest developments as defined
in Section 1351 of the California Civil Code shall be

retained. For additional information regarding plan
retention and reproduction of plans by an enforcing
agency, see Health and Safety Code Sections 19850 and
1985L

108.4.4 Inspections. Construction or work for which a per-
mit is required shall be subject to inspection by the building
official and such construction or work shall remain accessi-
. ble and exposed for inspection purposes until approved.
Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed
to be an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code
or other regulations of the Department of Housing and
Community Development. Required inspections are listed
in Appendix Chapter 1, Sections 109.3.1 through 109.3.6,
109.3.8, 109.3.9 and 109.3.10.

SECTION 108.5
RIGHT-OF-ENTRY FOR ENFORCEMENT

108.5.1 General. Subject to other provisions of law, officers
and agents of the enforcing agency may enter and inspect
public and private properties to secure compliance with the
rules and regulations promulgated by the Department of
Housing and Community Development. For limitations and
additional information regarding enforcement, see the fol-
lowing:

1. For applications subject to the State Housing Law as
referenced in Section 108.3.2.1 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code Sections 17970 through
17972 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25,
Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1.

2. For applications subject to the Mobilehome Parks Act
as referenced in Section 108.3.2.2 of this code, refer to
the Health and Safety- Code, commencing with Sec-
tion 18200 and California Code of Regulations, Title
25, Division 1, Chapter 2.

3. For applications subject to the Special Occupancy
Parks Act as referenced in Section 108.3.2.3 of this
code, refer to Health and Safety Code, commencing
with Section 18860 and California Code of Regula-
tions, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2.2.

4. For applications subject to the Employee Housing Act
as referenced in Section 108.3.2.4 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code Section 17052 and California
Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1,
Subchapter 3.

5. For applications subject to the Factory -Built Housing
Law as referenced in Section 108.3.2.5 of this code,
refer to Health and Safety Code Sections 19960
through 19997 and California Code of Regulations,
Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 3, Subchapter 1.

SECTION 108.6

LOCAL MODIFICATION BY ORDINANCE OR

REGULATION

108.6.1 General. Subject to other provisions of law, a city,
county or city and county may make changes to the

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

provisions adopted by the Department of Housing and
Community Development. If any city, county or city and
county does not amend, add or repeal by local ordinances
or regulations the provisions published in this code or other
regulations promulgated by the Department of Housing and
Community Development, those provisions shall be appli-
cable and shall become effective 180 days after publication
by the California Building Standards Commission. Amend-
ments, additions and deletions to this code adopted by a city,
county or city and county pursuant to California Health and
Safety Code Sections 17958.7 and 18941.5, together with
all applicable portions of this code, shall also become effec-
tive 180 days after publication of the California Building
Standards Code by the California Building Standards Com-
mission.

108.6.2 Findings, filings and rejections of local modifica-
tions. Prior to making any modifications or establishing
more restrictive building standards, the governing body
shall make express findings and filings, as required by Cali-
fornia Health and Safety Code Section 17958.7, showing
that such modifications are reasonably necessary due to
local climatic, geological or topographical conditions. No
modification shall become effective or operative unless the
following requirements are met:

1. The express findings shall be made available as a
public record.

2. A copy of the modification and express finding, each
document marked to cross-reference the other, shall
be filed with the California Building Standards Com-
mission for cities, counties or cites and counties, and
with the Department of Housing and Community De-
velopment for fire protection districts.

3. The California Building Standards Commission has
not rejected the modification or change.

Nothing in this section shall limit the authority of fire pro-
tection districts pursuant to California Health and Safety
Code Section 13869.7(a).

SECTION 108.7

ALTERNATE MATERIALS, DESIGNS, TESTS AND

METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

108.7.1 General. The provisions of this code, as adopted by
the Department of Housing and Community Development
are not intended to prevent the use of any alternate material,
appliance, installation, device, arrangement, method,
design or method of construction not specifically prescribed
by this code. Consideration and approval of alternates shall
comply with Section 108. 7.2 for local building departments
and Section 108.7.3 for the Department of Housing and
Community Development.

108.7.2 Local building departments. The building depart-
ment of any city, county or city and county may approve
alternates for use in the erection, reconstruction, move-
ment, enlargement, conversion, alteration, repair, removal

or demolition of an apartment house, hotel, motel, dwelling
or an accessory structure, except for the following:

1. Structures located in mobilehome parks as defined in
California Health and Safety Code Section 18214.

2. Structures located in special occupancy parks as de-
fined in California Health and Safety Code Section
18862.43.

3. Factory-built housing as defined in California Health
and Safety Code Section 19971.

108. 7.2.1 Approval of alternates. The consideration and
approval of alternates by a local building department
shall comply with the following procedures and limita-
tions:

1. The approval shall be granted on a case-by-case
basis.

2. Evidence shall be submitted to substantiate claims
that the proposed alternate, in performance, safety
and protection of life and health, conforms to, or is
at least equivalent to, the standards contained in
this code and other rules and regulations promul-
gated by the Department of Housing and Commu-
nity Development.

3. The building department may require tests per-
formed by an approved testing agency at the ex-
pense of the owner or owner's agent as proof of
compliance.

4. If the proposed alternate is related to accessibility
in covered multifamily dwellings or in facilities
serving covered multifamily dwellings as defined
in Chapter 11 A, the proposed alternate must also
meet the threshold set for "Equivalent Facilita-
tion" as defined in Chapter 11 A.

For additional information regarding approval of
alternates by a building department pursuant to the State
Housing Law, see California Health and Safety Code
Section 17951(e) and California Code of Regulations,
Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1.

108. 7.3 Department of Housing and Community Develop-
ment. The Department of Housing and Community Devel-
opment may approve alternates for use in the erection,
reconstruction, movement, enlargement, conversion, alter-
ation, repair, removal or demolition of an apartment house,
hotel, motel, dwelling or an accessory thereto. The consid-
eration and approval of alternates shall comply with the fol-
lowing:

1. The department may require tests at the expense of the
owner or owner's agent to substantiate compliance
with the California Building Standards Code.

2. The approved alternate shall, for its intended pur-
pose, be at least equivalent in performance and safety
to the materials, designs, tests or methods of con-
struction prescribed by this code.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

SECTION 108.8
APPEALS BOARD

108.8.1 General. Every city, county or city and county shall
establish a local appeals board and a housing appeals
board. The local appeals board and housing appeals board
shall each be comprised of at least five voting members that
shall serve at the pleasure of the city, county or city and
county. Appointments shall not be employees of the jurisdic-
tion and shall consist of members who are qualified and
specifically knowledgeable in the California Building Stan-
dards Codes and applicable local ordinances.

108.8.2 Definitions. The following terms shall for the pur-
poses of this section have the meaning shown.

HOUSING APPEALS BOARD. The board or agency of a
city, county or city and county which is authorized by the
governing body of the city, county or city and county to hear
appeals regarding the requirements of the city, county or
city and county relating to the use, maintenance and change
of occupancy of buildings and structures, including require-
ments governing alteration, additions, repair, demolition
and moving. In any area in which there is no such board or
agency, "Housing appeals board" means the local appeals
board having jurisdiction over the area.

LOCAL APPEALS BOARD. The board or agency of a city,
county or city and county which is authorized by the govern-
ing body of the city, county or city and county to hear
appeals regarding the building requirements of the city,
county or city and county. In any area in which there is no
such board or agency, "Local appeals board" means the
governing body of the city, county or city and county having
jurisdiction over the area.

108.8.3 Appeals. Except as otherwise provided in law, any
person, firm or corporation adversely affected by a deci-
sion, order or determination by a city, county or city and
county relating to the application of building standards
published in the California Building Standards Code, or
any other applicable rule or regulation adopted by the
Department of Housing and Community Development, or
any lawfully enacted ordinance by a city, county or city and
county, may appeal the issue for resolution to the local
appeals board or housing appeals board as appropriate.

The local appeals board shall hear appeals relating to
new building construction and the housing appeals board
shall hear appeals relating to existing buildings.

SECTION 108.9
UNSAFE BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES

108.9.1 Authority to enforce. Subject to other provisions of
law, the administration, enforcement, actions, proceedings,
abatement, violations and penalties for unsafe buildings
and structures are contained in the following statutes and
regulations:

1. For applications subject to the State Housing Law as
referenced in Section 108.3.2.1 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code Sections 17910 through
1 7995.5 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25,
Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1.

2. For applications subject to the Mobilehome Parks Act
as referenced in Section 108.3.2.2 of this code, refer to
the Health and Safety Code, commencing with Sec-
tion 18200, and California Code of Regulations, Title
25, Division 1, Chapter 2.

3. For applications subject to the Special Occupancy
Parks Act as referenced in Section 108.3.2.3 of this
code, refer to the Health and Safety Code, commenc-
ing with Section 18860, and California Code of Regu-
lations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2.2.

4. For applications subject to the Employee Housing Act
as referenced in Section 108.3.2.4 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code Sections 17000 through
17062.5 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25,
Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 3.

5. For applications subject to the Factory-Built Housing
Law as referenced in Section 108.3.2.5 of this code,
refer to Health and Safety Code Sections 19960
through 19997 and California Code of Regulations,
Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 3, Subchapter 1.

108.9.2 Actions and proceedings. Subject to other provi-
sions of law, punishments, penalties and fines for violations
of building standards are contained in the following statutes
and regulations:

1. For applications subject to the State Housing Law as
referenced in Section 108.3.2.1 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code Sections 17980 through
1 7995.5 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25,
Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1.

2. For applications subject to the Mobilehome Parks Act
as referenced in Section 108.3.2.2 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code Sections 18200 through
18700 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25
Division 1, Chapter 2.

3. For applications subject to the Special Occupancy
Parks Act as referenced in Section 108.3.2.3 of this
code, refer to Health and Safety Code Sections 18866
through 18869 and California Code of Regulations,
Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2.2.

4. For applications subject to the Employee Housing Act
as referenced in Section 108.3.2.4 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code Sections 17060 through
1 7062. 5 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25,
Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 3.

5. For applications subject to the Factory-Built Housing
Law as referenced in Section 108.3.2.5 of this code,
refer to Health and Safety Code Sections 19995
through 19997 and California Code of Regulations,
Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 3, Subchapter 1.

SECTION 108.10
OTHER BUILDING REGULATIONS

108,10.1 Existing structures. Subject to the requirements of
California Health and Safety Code Sections 17912,
17920.3, 17922(c), 17922.3, 17958.8 and 17958.9, the pro-
visions contained in Chapter 34 relating to existing

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

structures shall only apply as identified in the Matrix Adop-
tion Table under the authority of the Department of Housing
and Community Development as listedinSections 108.2.1.1
through 108.2.1.3 of this code.

108.10.2 Moved structures. Subject to the requirements of
California Health and Safety Code Sections 17922.3 and
17958.9, the provisions contained in Chapter 34 relating to
a moved residential structure shall only apply as identified
in the Matrix Adoption Table under the authority of the
Department of Housing and Community Development as
listed in Sections 108.2.1.1 through 108.2.1.3 of this code.

SECTION 109
DIVISION OF THE STATE ARCHITECT

109.1 Division of the State Architect— Access Compliance.

General. The purpose of this code is to ensure that barrier free
design is incorporated in all buildings, facilities, site work and
other improvements to which this code applies in compliance
with state law to ensure that these improvements are accessible
to and usable by persons with disabilities. Additions, alter-
ations and structural repairs in all buildings andfacilities shall
comply with these provisions for new buildings, except as oth-
erwise provided and specified herein.

The provisions of these regulations shall apply to any porta-
ble buildings leased or owned by a school district, and shall
also apply to temporary and emergency buildings andfacili-
ties. Temporary buildings andfacilities are not of permanent
construction but are extensively used or are essential for public
use for a period of time. Examples of temporary buildings or
facilities covered include, but are not limited to: reviewing
stands, temporary classrooms, bleacher areas, exhibit areas,
temporary banking facilities, temporary health screening ser-
vices or temporary safe pedestrian passageways around a con-
struction site.

In addition, to incorporate standards at least as restrictive
as those required by the federal government for barrier-free
design under (1) Title III (Public Accommodations and Com-
mercial Facilities), Subpart D (New Construction and Alter-
ation) and Appendix A (Americans with Disabilities Act
Standards for Accessible Design) (see 28 C.F.R., Part 36), and
(2) Title II (Public Entities), Section 35.1 51 (New Construction
and Alterations) (see 28 C.F.R., Part 35) both from the Ameri-
cans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and (3) under the Fair Hous-
ing Amendments Act of 1988. Some of these regulations may be
more stringent than state law in order to meet the federal
requirement.

109.1.1 Application. See Government Code commencing
with Section 4450.

Publicly funded buildings, structures, sidewalks, curbs
and related facilities shall be accessible to and usable by
persons with disabilities as follows:

109.1.1.1 All buildings, structures, sidewalks, curbs and
related facilities constructed in the state by the use of
state, county or municipal funds, or the funds of any
political subdivision of the state.

109.1.1.2 All buildings, structures andfacilities that are
leased, rented, contracted, sublet or hired by any munici-
pal, county or state division of government, or by a spe-
cial district.

109.1.1.3 All publicly funded buildings used for congre-
gate residences or for one- or two-family dwelling unit
purposes shall conform to the provisions applicable to
living accommodations.

109.1.1.4 All existing publicly funded buildings and
facilities when alterations, structural repairs or addi-
tions are made to such buildings or facilities. For
detailed requirements on existing buildings, see Chapter
IIB, Division IV.

109.1.1.5 With respect to buildings, structures, side-
walks, curbs and related facilities not requiring a build-
ing permit, building standards published in the
California Building Standards Code relating to access
for persons with disabilities and other regulations
adopted pursuant to Government Code Section 4450,
and in effect at the time construction is commenced, shall
be applicable.

109.1.2 Application. See Health and Safety Code com-
mencing with Section 19952.

All privately funded public accommodations, as defined
and commercial facilities, as defined, shall be accessible to
persons with disabilities as follows:

Exception: Certain types of privately funded multistory
buildings do not require installation of an elevator to
provide access above and below the first floor. See Chap-
ter IIB.

109.1.2.1 Any building, structure facility, complex or
improved area, or portions thereof, which are used by the
general public.

109.1.2.2 Any sanitary facilities which are made avail-
able for the public, clients or employees in such accom-
modations or facilities.

109.1.2.3 Any curb or sidewalk intended for public use
that is constructed in this state with private funds.

109.1.2.4 All existing privately funded public accommo-
dations when alterations, structural repairs or additions
are made to such public accommodations as set forth
under Chapter IIB.

109.1.3 Application — Public housing and private housing
available for public use. See Government Code Sections
4450 and 12955.1(d).

109.1.4 Enforcing agency.

109. 1.4. 1 The director of the Department of General Ser-
vices where state funds are utilized for any project or
where funds of counties, municipalities or other political
subdivisions are utilized for the construction of elemen-
tary, secondary or community college projects.

109.1.4.2 The governing bodies where funds of counties,
municipalities or other political subdivisions are utilized
except as otherwise provided above.

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109.1.4.3 The building department of every city, county
or city and county within the territorial area of its city,
county or city and county, where private funds are uti-
lized. "Building department" means the department,
bureau or officer chargedwith the enforcement of laws or
ordinances regulating the erection or construction, or
both the erection and construction, of buildings.

109.1.5 Special conditions for persons with disabilities
requiring appeals action ratification. Whenever reference
is made in these regulations to this section, the findings and
determinations required to be rendered by the local enforc-
ing agency shall be subject to ratification through an
appeals process.

109.1.6 Authority cited — Government Code Section 4450.

109.1.7 Reference cited — Government Code Sections 4450
through 4461 and 12955.1(d) and Health and Safety Code
Sections 18949.1, 19952 through 19959.

109.2 Division of the State Architect — Structural Safety.

109.2.1 Application — The Division of the State Architect —
Structural Safety (DSA-SS) is authorized by law to promul-
gate building standards and administrative regulations for
application to public elementary and secondary schools,
community colleges and state-owned or state-leased essen-
tial services buildings.

Enforcing agency — The Division of the State Architect-
Structural Safety (DSA-SS) has been delegated the respon-
sibility and authority by the Department of General Ser-
vices to review and approve the design and observe the
construction of public elementary and secondary schools,
community colleges and state-owned or state-leased essen-
tial services buildings.

Authority cited — Education Code Sections 17310 and
81142 and Health and Safety Code Section 16022.

Reference — Education Code Sections 17280 through
17317, and 81130 through 81147 and Health and Safety
Code Sections 16000 through 16023.

109.2.2 Applicable administrative standards.

1. Title 24, Part 1, California Code of Regulations:

1.1 Sections 4-301 through 4-355, Group 1,
Chapter 4, for public elementary and second-
ary schools and community colleges.

1.2 Sections 4-201 through 4-249, Chapter 4, for
state-owned or state-leased essential services
buildings.

2. Title 24, Part 2, California Code of Regulations [ap-
plies to public elementary and secondary' schools,
community colleges and state-owned or state-leased
essential services building(s)]:

2.1 Sections 101 and 109.2 of Chapter 1.

2.2 Sections 102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5,
104.9, 104.10 and 104.11 of Appendix Chap-
ter 1.

109.2.3 Applicable building standards. California Build-
ing Standards Code, Title 24, Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 12,
California Code of Regulations, for school buildings, com-

munity colleges and state-owned or state-leased essential
service buildings.

The provisions of Title 24, Part 2, as adopted and
amended by the Division of the State Architect — Structural
Safety, shall apply to the applications listed in Section
109.2.1.

The Division of the State Architect— Structural Safety
adopts the following building standards in Title 24, Part 2:

Chapters 2 through 10, 12, 14, 15, 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A,
20, 21A, 22A, 23, 24, 25, 26 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and
Appendix J.

109.2.4 Amendments. Division of the State Archi-
tect — Structural Safety amendments in this code appear
preceded with the acronym [DSA-SS].

Exceptions:

1. Chapters 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A, 21A, and 22A—
Amendments appearing in these chapters without
an acronym have been co-adopted by DSA-SS and
OSHPD.

2. Chapter 34, Sections 3115-3421— DSA-SS adopts
these sections without the use of the DSA-SS acro-
nym.

109.2.5 Reference to other chapters. Where reference is
made within this code to sections in Chapters 16, 17, 18, 19,
21 and 22, the respective sections in Chapters 16A, 17 A,
18A, 19A, 21A and 22A shall apply instead.

SECTION 110

OFFICE OF STATEWIDE HEALTH PLANNING AND

DEVELOPMENT

110.1 OSHPD 1. Specific scope of application of the agency
responsible for enforcement, enforcement agency and the spe-
cific authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this
code, unless otherwise stated.

Application — General acute care hospitals and acute psychi-
atric hospitals, excluding distinct part units or distinct part
freestanding buildings providing skilled nursing or intermedi-
ate care services. For structural regulations: Skilled nursing
facilities and/or intermediate care facilities except those
skilled nursing facilities and intermediate care facilities of sin-
gle-story. Type V, wood or light steel-frame construction.

Enforcing agency — Office of Statewide Health Planning and
Development (OSHPD). The office shall enforce the Division
of the State Architect— Access Compliance regulations and the
regulations of the Office of the State Fire Marshal for the above
stated facility types.

110.1.1 Applicable administrative standards.

1. Title 24, Part 1, California Code of Regulations:
Chapters 6 and 7.

2. Title 24, Part 2, California Code of Regulations: Sec-
tions 101 and 110 of Chapter 1 and Appendix Chapter
1.

110.1.2 Applicable building standards. California Build-
ing Standards Code, Title 24, Parts 2, 3, 4, 5,9,10 and 12.

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The provisions of Title 24, Part 2, as adopted and
amended by OSHPD, shall apply to the applications listed
in Section 110.1.

OSHPD 1 adopts the following building standards in Title
24, Part 2:

Chapters 2 through 10, 12, 14, 15, 16A, 17A, ISA, 19A,

20, 21A, 22A, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34A, 35 and
Appendix J.

110.1.3 Identification of amendments. For applications
listed in Section 110.1, amendments appear in this code pre-
ceded with the acronym [OSHPD 1], unless the entire chap-
ter is applicable. When the entire chapter is adopted without
amendments, all references to International Codes shall be
replaced by equivalent California Codes.

110.1.4 Reference to other chapters. Where reference is
made within this code to sections in Chapters 16, 17, 18, 19,

21, 22 and 34, the respective sections in Chapters 16A, 17 A,
ISA, 19A, 21A, 22A and 34A shall apply instead.

Authority — Health and Safety Code Sections 127010,
127015, 1275 and 129850.

References — Health and Safety Code Sections 19958,
127010, 127015, 129680, 1275 and 129675 through
130070.

110.2 OSHPD 2. Specific scope of application of the agency
responsible for enforcement, enforcement agency and the spe-
cific authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this
code, unless otherwise stated.

Application — Skilled nursing facilities and intermediate care
facilities, including distinct part skilled nursing and intermedi-
ate care services on a general acute care or acute psychiatric
hospital license, provided either are in a separate unit or a free-
standing building. For structural regulations: Single-story,
Type V skilled nursing facility and/or intermediate care facili-
ties utilizing wood or light steel-frame construction.

Enforcing agency — Office of Statewide Health Planning and
Development (OSHPD). The office shall also enforce the Divi-
sion of the State Architect—Access Compliance regulations
and the regulations of the Office of the State Fire Marshal for
the above-stated facility type.

110.2.1 Applicable administrative standards.

1. Title 24, Part 1, California Code of Regulations:
Chapter 7.

2. Title 24, Part 2, California Code of Regulations: Sec-
tions 101 and 110 of Chapter 1 and Appendix Chapter
1.

110.2.2 Applicable building standards. California Build-
ing Standards Code, Title 24, Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 12.

The provisions of Title 24, Part 2, as adopted and
amended by OSHPD, shall apply to the applications listed
in Section 110.2.

OSHPD 2 adopts the following building standards in
Title 24, Part 2:

Chapters 2 through 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,

22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and Appendix J.

110.2.3 Identification of amendments. For applications
listed in Section 110.2, amendments appear in this code pre-
ceded with the acronym [OSHPD 2]. When the entire chap-
ter is adopted without amendments, all references to
International Codes shall be replaced by equivalent Cali-
fornia Codes.

Authority — Health and Safety Code Sections 127010,
127015, 1275 and 129850.

References — Health and Safety Code Sections 127010,
127015, 1275 and 129680.

110.3 OSHPD 3. Specific scope of application of the agency
responsible for enforcement, enforcement agency and the spe-
cific authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this
code, unless otherwise stated.

Application — Licensed clinics and any freestanding building
under a hospital license where outpatient clinical services are
provided.

Enforcing agency — Local building department.

110.3.1 Applicable administrative standards.

1. Title 24, Part 1, California Code of Regulations:
Chapter 7.

2. Title 24, Part 2, California Code of Regulations: Sec-
tions 101 and 110 of Chapter 1 and Appendix Chapter
1.

110.3.2 Applicable building standards. California Build-
ing Standards Code, Title24, Parts2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10andl2.

The provisions of Title 24, Part 2, as adopted and
amended by OSHPD, shall apply to the applications listed
in Section 110.3.

OSHPD 3 adopts the following building standards in
Title 24, Part 2:

Chapters 2 through 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and Appendix J .

110.3.3 Identification of amendments. For applications
listed in Section 110.3, amendments appear in this code
without the acronym [OSHPD 3]. Adoptions are shown in
the adoption matrix. When the entire chapter is adopted
without amendments, all references to International Codes
shall be replaced by equivalent California Codes.

Authority — Health and Safety Code Sections 127010,
127015 and 1226.

References — Health and Safety Code Sections 127010,
127015, 129885 and 1226, Government Code Section
54350 and State Constitution Article 11, Section 7.

110.4 OSHPD 4. Specific scope of application of the agency
responsible for enforcement, enforcement agency and the spe-
cific authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this
code, unless otherwise stated.

Application — Correctional treatment centers.

Enforcing agency — Office of Statewide Health Planning and
Development (OSHPD). The office shall also enforce the Divi-
sion of the State Architect— Access Compliance regulations
and the regulations of the Office of the State Fire Marshal for
the above-stated facility types.

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110.4.1 Applicable administrative standards.

1. Title 24, Part 1, California Code of Regulations:
Chapter 7.

2. Title 24, Part 2, California Code of Regulations: Sec-
tions 101 and 110 of Chapter 1 and Appendix Chapter
1.

110.4.2 Applicable building standards. California Build-
ing Standards Code, Title 24, Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 12.

The provisions of Title 24, Part 2, as adopted and
amended by OSHPD, shall apply to the applications listed
in Section 110.4.

OSHPD 4 adopts the following building standards in Title
24, Part 2:

Chapters 2 through 10, 12, 14, 15, 16A, 17 A, ISA, 19A,
20, 21A, 22A, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34A, 35 and
Appendix J.

110.4.3 Identification of amendments. For applications
listed in Section 110.4, amendments appear in this code pre-
ceded with the acronym [OSHPD 4], unless the entire chap-
ter is applicable. When the entire chapter is adopted without
amendments, all references to International Codes shall be
replaced by equivalent California Codes.

110.4.4 Reference to other chapters. Where reference is
made within this code to sections in Chapters 16, 17, 18, 19,
21, 22 and 34, the respective sections in Chapters 16A, 17 A,
ISA, 19 A, 21 A, 22 A and 34A shall apply instead.

Authority — Health and Safety Code Sections 127010,
127015 and 129790.

References — Health and Safety Code Sections 127010,
127015, 1275 and 129675 through 130070.

SECTION 111
OFFICE OF THE STATE FIRE MARSHAL

111.1 SFM— Office of the State Fire Marshal.

Any building or structure used or intended for use as an asy-
lum, jail, mental hospital, hospital, sanitarium, home for the
aged, children's nursery, children's home, school or any simi-
lar occupancy of any capacity.

Ariy theater, dancehall, skating rink, auditorium, assembly
hall, meeting hall, nightclub, fair building or similar place of
assemblage where 50 or more persons may gather together in a
building, room or structure for the purpose of amusement,
entertainment, instruction, deliberation, worship, drinking or
dining, awaiting transportation, or education.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Small family day care homes.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections
1597.45, 1597.54, 13143 and 17921.

Reference - Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Large family day care homes.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections
1597.46, 1597.54 and 17921.

Reference - Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Residential facilities and residential facilities for the elderly.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13133.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Any state institution or other state-owned or state-occupied
building.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13108.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
High-rise structures.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13211.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Motion picture production studios.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.1.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Organized camps.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 18897.3.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Residential.

All hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartment houses and
dwellings, including congregate residences and buildings and
structures accessory thereto.

Multiple-story structures existing on January 1, 1975, let for
human habitation, including and limited to, hotels, motels and
apartment houses, less than 7 5 feet (22 860 mm) above the low-
est floor level having building access, wherein rooms used for
sleeping are let above the ground floor.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections 13143.2
and 17921.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Residential care facilities.

Certified family care homes, out-of-home placement facili-
ties, halfway houses, drug and/or alcohol rehabilitation facili-
ties and any building or structure used or intended for use as a
home or institution for the housing of any person of any age
when such person is referred to or placed within such home or
institution for protective social care and supervision services
by any governmental agency.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143. 6.

Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures used in connection
with any occupancy.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13116.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Enforcing agency — Pursuant to Section 13146, Health
and Safety Code.

Fire alarm devices, equipment and systems in connection
with any occupancy.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13114.

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Hazardous materials.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.9.
Flammable and combustible liquids.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6.

Public School Automatic Fire Detection, Alarm and Sprin-
kler Systems.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143
and California Education Code Article 7.5, Sections
17074.50, 17074.52 and 17074.54.

Reference — Government Code Section 11152.5, Health
and Safety Code Section 13143 and California Education
Code Chapter 12.5, LeroyF. Greene School Facilities Act of
1998, Article 1.

Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections 13143,
13108.5(a) and 18949.2(b) and (c) and Government Code
Section 51189.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Sections 13143, Gov-
ernment Code Sections 51176, 51177, 51178 and 51179
and Public Resources Code Sections 4201 through 4204.

111.2 Duties and powers of the enforcing agency.

111.2.1 Enforcement.

111.2.1.1 The responsibility for enforcement of building
standards adopted by the State Fire Marshal and pub-
lished in the California Building Standards Code relat-
ing to fire and panic safety and other regulations of the
Office of the State Fire Marshal shall be as follows:

1. The city, county or city and county with jurisdic-
tion in the area affected by the standard or regula-
tion shall delegate the enforcement of the building
standards relating to fire and panic safety and
other regulations of the State Fire Marshal as they
relate to Group R, Division 3 dwellings, as de-
scribed in Section 310.1 of Part 2 of the California
Building Standards Code, to either of the follow-
ing:

1.1. The chief of the fire authority of the city,
county or city and county, or an authorized
representative.

1.2. The chief building official of the city,
county or city and county, or an authorized
representative.

2. The chief of any city or county fire department or of
any fire protection district, and authorized repre-
sentatives, shall enforce within the jurisdiction the
building standards and other regulations of the
State Fire Marshal, except those described in Item
1 or 4.

3. The State Fire Marshal shall have authority to en-
force the building standards and other regulations
of the State Fire Marshal in areas outside of corpo-
rate cities and districts providing fire protection
services.

4. The State Fire Marshal shall have authority to en-
force the building standards and other regulations
of the State Fire Marshal in corporate cities and
districts providing fire protection services on re-
quest of the chief fire official or the governing
body.

5. Any fee charged pursuant to the enforcement au-
thority of this section shall not exceed the esti-
mated reasonable cost of providing the service for
which the fee is charged pursuant to Section 66014
of the Government Code.

111.2.1.2 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13108, upon the written request of the chief fire official of
any city, county or fire protection district, the State Fire
Marshal may authorize such chief fire official and his or
her authorized representatives, in their geographical
area of responsibility, to make fire prevention inspections
of state-owned or state-occupied buildings, other than
state institutions, for the purpose of enforcing the regula-
tions relating to fire and panic safety adopted by the State
Fire Marshal pursuant to this section and building stan-
dards relating to fire and panic safety published in the
California Building Standards Code. Authorization from
the State Fire Marshal shall be limited to those fire
departments or fire districts which maintain afire pre-
vention bureau staffed by paid personnel.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13108,
any requirement or order made by any chief fire official
who is authorized by the State Fire Marshal to make fire
prevention inspections of state-owned or state-occupied
buildings, other than state institutions, may be appealed
to the State Fire Marshal. The State Fire Marshal shall,
upon receiving an appeal and subject to the provisions of
Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 18945) of Part 2.5
of Division 13 of the Health and Safety Code, determine
if the requirement or order made is reasonably consistent
with the fire and panic safety regulations adopted by the
Office of the State Fire Marshal and building standards
relating to fire and panic safety published in the Califor-
nia Building Code.

Any person may request a code interpretation from the
State Fire Marshal relative to the intent of any regulation
or provision adopted by the State Fire Marshal. When the
request relates to a specific project, occupancy or build-
ing, the State Fire Marshal shall review the issue with the
appropriate local enforcing agency prior to rendering
such code interpretation.

111.2.1.3 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13112, any person who violates any order, rule or regu-
lation of the State Fire Marshal is guilty of a misde-
meanor punishable by a fine of not less than $100.00 or
more than $500. 00, or by imprisonment for not less than
six months, or by both. A person is guilty of a separate
offense each day during which he or she commits, contin-
ues or permits a violation of any provision of, or any
order, rule or regulation of, the State Fire Marshal as
contained in this code.

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Any inspection authority who, in the exercise of his or
her authority as a deputy State Fire Marshal, causes any
legal complaints to be filed or any arrest to be made shall
notify the State Fire Marshal immediately following such
action.

111.2.2 Right of entry.

The fire chief of any city, county or fire protection district,
or such person's authorized representative, may enter any
state institution or any other state-owned or state-occupied
building for the purpose of preparing afire suppression pre-
planning program or for the purpose of investigating any
fire in a state-occupied building.

The State Fire Marshal, his or her deputies or salaried
assistants, the chief of any city or county fire department or
fire protection district and his or her authorized representa-
tives may enter any building or premises not used for dwell-
ing purposes at any reasonable hour for the purpose of
enforcing this chapter The owner, lessee, manager or oper-
ator of any such building or premises shall permit the State
Fire Marshal, his or her deputies or salaried assistants and
the chief of any city or county fire department or fire protec-
tion district and his or her authorized representatives to
enter and inspect them at the time and for the purpose stated
in this section.

111.2.3 More restrictive fire and panic safety building
standards.

111.2.3.1 Any fire protection district organized pursuant
to Health and Safety Code Part 2.7 (commencing with
Section 13800) of Division 12 may adopt building stan-
dards relating to fire and panic safety that are more strin-
gent than those building standards adopted by the State
Fire Marshal and contained in the California Building
Standards Code. For these purposes, the district board
shall be deemed a legislative body and the district shall
be deemed a local agency. Any changes or modifications
that are more stringent than the requirements published
in the California Building Standards Code relating to
fire and panic safety shall be subject to Section 101.8.1.

111.2.3.2 Any fire protection district that proposes to
adopt an ordinance pursuant to this section shall, not
less than 30 days prior to noticing a proposed ordinance
for public hearing, provide a copy of that ordinance,
together with the adoptedfindings made pursuant to Sec-
tion 111.2.3.1, to the city, county or city and county
where the ordinance will apply. The city, county or city
and county may provide the district with written com-
ments, which shall become part of the fire protection dis-
trict's public hearing record.

111.2.3.3 The fire protection district shall transmit the
adopted ordinance to the city, county or city and county
where the ordinance will apply. The legislative body of
the city, county or city and county may ratify, modify or
deny an adopted ordinance and transmit its determina-
tion to the district within 15 days of the determination.
Any modification or denial of an adopted ordinance shall
include a written statement describing the reasons for
any modifications or denial. No ordinance adopted by

the district shall be effective until ratification by the city,
county or city and county where the ordinance will apply.
Upon ratification of an adopted ordinance, the city,
county or city and county shall file a copy of the findings
of the district, and any findings of the city, county or city
and county, together with the adopted ordinance
expressly marked and identified to which each finding
refers, in accordance with Section 101.8.1:3.

111.2.4 Request for alternate means of protection.

Requests for approval to use an alternative material, assem-
bly or materials, equipment, method of construction,
method of installation of equipment or means of protection
shall be made in writing to the enforcing agency by the
owner or the owner's authorized representative and shall be
accompanied by afull statement of the conditions. Sufficient
evidence or proof shall be submitted to substantiate any
claim that may be made regarding its conformance. The
enforcing agency may require tests and the submission of a
test report from an approved testing organization as set
forth in Title 19, California Code of Regulation, to substan-
tiate the equivalency of the proposed alternative: means of
protection.

When a request for alternate means of protection involves
hazardous materials, the authority having jurisdiction may
consider implementation of the findings and recommenda-
tions identified in a Risk Management Plan (RMP) devel-
oped in accordance with Title 19, Division 2, Chapter 4.5,
Article 3.

Approval of a request for use of an alternative material,
assembly of materials, equipment, method of construction,
method of installation of equipment or means of protection
made pursuant to these provisions shall be limited to the
particular case covered by request and shall not be con-
strued as establishing any precedent for any future request

111.2.5 Appeals. When a request for an alternate means of
protection has been denied by the enforcing agency, the
applicant may file a written appeal to the State Fire Marshal
for consideration of the applicant's proposal. In consider-
ing such appeal, the State Fire Marshal may seek the advice
of the State Board of Fire Services. The State Fire Marshal
shall, after considering all of the facts presented, including
any recommendations of the State Board of Fire Services,
determine if the proposal is for the purposes intended, at
least equivalent to that specified in these regulations in
quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability
and safety, and shall transmit such findings and any recom-
mendations to the applicant and to the enforcing agency.

111.3 Construction documents.

111.3.1 Public schools. Plans and specifications for the
construction, alteration or addition to any building owned,
leased or rented by any public school district shall be sub-
mitted to the Division of the State Architect, Office of Regu-
lation Services for review and approval.

Exception: Upon the annual submission of a written
request by the chief of any city, county or city and county
fire department or fire protection district to the Division
of the State Architect, Office of Regulation Services,
approvals required by this subsection shall be obtained

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

from the appropriate chief or his or her authorized repre-
sentative. In such instances plans and specifications may
be submitted to the State Fire Marshal for relay to the
appropriate local authority or may be submitted directly
to such local authority.

111.3.2 Movable walls and partitions. Plans or diagrams
shall be submitted to the enforcing agency for approval
before the installation of, or rearrangement of, any movable
wall or partition in any occupancy. Approval shall be
granted only if there is no increase in the fire hazard.

111.3.3 New construction high-rise buildings.

1. Complete plans or specifications, or both, shall be
prepared covering all work required to comply with
new construction high-rise buildings. Such plans and
specifications shall be submitted to the enforcing
agency having jurisdiction.

2. All plans and specifications shall be prepared under
the responsible charge of an architect or a civil or
structural engineer authorized by law to develop con-
struction plans and specifications, or by both such ar-
chitect and engineer. Plans and specifications shall
be prepared by an engineer duly qualified in that
branch of engineering necessary to perform such ser-
vices. Administration of the work of construction
shall be under the charge of the responsible architect
or engineer except that where plans and specifica-
tions involve alterations or repairs, such work of con-
struction may be administered by an engineer duly
qualified to perform such services and holding a valid
certificate under Chapter 7 (commencing with Sec-
tion 65700) of Division 3 of the Business and Profes-
sions Code for performance of services in that branch
of engineering in which said plans, specifications and
estimates and work of construction are applicable.

This section shall not be construed as preventing the
design of fire-extinguishing systems by persons holding a
C-16 license issued pursuant to Division 3, Chapter 9, Busi-
ness and Professions Code. In such instances, however, the
responsibility charge of this section shall prevail.

111.3.4 Existing high-rise buildings.

1. Complete plans or specifications, or both, shall be
prepared covering all work required by Section 3412
for existing high-rise buildings. Such plans or specifi-
cations shall be submitted to the enforcing agency
having jurisdiction.

2. When new construction is required to conform with
the provisions of these regulations, complete plans or
specifications, or both, shall be prepared in accor-
dance with the provisions of this subsection. As used
in this section, "new construction " is not intended to
include repairs, replacements or minor alterations
which do not disrupt or appreciably add to or affect
the structural aspects of the building.

111.3.5 Retention of plans. Refer to Building Standards
Law, Health and Safety Code Sections 19850 and 19851 for
permanent retention of plans.

111.4 Fees.

111.4.1 Other fees. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code
Section 13146.2, a city, county or district which inspects a
hotel, motel, lodging house or apartment house may charge
and collect a fee for the inspection from the owner of the
structure in an amount, as determined by the city, county or
district, sufficient to pay its costs of that inspection.

111.4.2 Large family day care. Pursuant to Health and
Safety Code Section 1597.46, Large Family Day Care
Homes, the local government shall process any required
permit as economically as possible, and fees charged for
review shall not exceed the costs of the review and permit
process.

111.4.3 High-rise. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Sec-
tion 1321 7, High-rise Structure Inspection: Fees and costs,
a local agency which inspects a high-rise structure pursuant
to Health and Safety Code Section 13217 may charge and
collect a fee for the inspection from the owner of the
high-rise structure in an amount, as determined by the local
agency, sufficient to pay its costs of that inspection.

111.4.4 Fire clearance preinspection. Pursuant to Health
and Safety Code Section 13235, Fire Clearance
Preinspection, fee, upon receipt of a request from aprospec-
tive licensee of a community care facility, as defined in Sec-
tion 1502, of a residential care facility for the elderly, as
defined in Section 1569.2, or of a child day care facility, as
defined in Section 1596.750, the local fire enforcing agency,
as defined in Section 13244, or State Fire Marshal, which-
ever has primary jurisdiction, shall coruiuct a preinspection
of the facility prior to the final fire clearance approval. At
the time of the preinspection, the primary fire enforcing
agency shall price consultation and interpretation of the fire
safety regulations and shall notify the prospective licensee
of the facility in writing of the specific fire safety regulations
which shall be enforced in order to obtain fire clearance
approval. A fee of not more than $50.00 may be charged for
the preinspection of a facility with a capacity to serve 25 or
fewer persons. A fee of not more than $100.00 may be
charged for a preinspection of a facility with a capacity to
serve 26 or more persons.

111.4.5 Care facilities. The primary fire enforcing agency
shall complete the final fire clearance inspection for a com-
munity care facility, residential care facility for the elderly,
or child day care facility within 30 days of receipt of the
request for the final inspection, or as of the date the prospec-
tive facility requests the final prelicensure inspection by the
State Department of Social Services, whichever is later

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13235, a
preinspection fee of not more than $50.00 may be charged
for a facility with a capacity to serve 25 or less clients. A fee
of not more than $100.00 may be charged for a
preinspection of a facility with a capacity to serve 26 or
more clients.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13131.5, a
reasonable final inspectionfee, not to exceed the actual cost
of inspection services necessary to complete a final inspec-
tion may be charged for occupancies classified as residen-
tial care facilities for the elderly (RCFE).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 1569.84,
neither the State Fire Marshal nor any local public entity
shall charge any fee for enforcing fire inspection regulations
pursuant to state law or regulation or local ordinance, with
respect to residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFE)
which service six or fewer persons.

111.4.6 Requests of the Office of the State Fire Marshal.

Whenever a local authority having jurisdiction requests
that the State Fire Marshal perform plan review and/or
inspection services related to a building permit, the applica-
ble fees for such shall be payable to the Office of the State
Fire Marshal.

111.5 Inspections. Workperformed subject to the provisions of
this code shall comply with the inspection requirements of Title
24, Part 2, California Building Standards Code, Appendix
Chapter 1, Sections 109.1, 109.3, 109.3.4, 109.3.5, 109.3.6,
109.3.8, 109.3.9, 109.3.10 109.5 and 109.6.

111.5.1 Existing Group I -1 or R occupancies. Licensed
24-hour care in a Group I-l orR occupancy in existence and
originally classified under previously adopted state codes
shall be reinspected under the appropriate previous code,
provided there is no change in the use or character which
would place the facility in a different occupancy group.

111.6 Certificate of Occupancy. A Certificate of Occupancy
shall be issued as specified in Title 24, Part 2, California Build-
ing Standards Code, Appendix Chapter 1, Section 110.

Exception: Group R, Division 3 and Group U occupancies.

111.7 Temporary structures and uses. See Appendix Chapter
1, Section 107.

111.8 Service utilities. See Appendix Chapter 1, Section 111.

111.9 Stop work order. See Appendix Chapter 1, Sectionll4.

111.10 Unsafe buildings, structures and equipment. See

Appendix Chapter 1, Section 115.

SECTION 113
Reserved

SECTION 114
CALIFORNIA STATE LANDS COMMISSION

114.1 Specific scope of application of the agency responsible
for enforcement, the enforcement agency and the specific
authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this code,
unless otherwise stated.

Application — Marine oil terminals.

Enforcing agency — California State Lands Commission.

Authority cited — Public Resources Code Section 8755^

Reference — Public Resources Code Section 8755.

SECTION 112
STATE LIBRARIAN

112.1 Specific scope of application of the agency responsible
for enforcement, the enforcement agency and the specific
authority to adopt and enforce such provisions of this code,
unless otherwise stated.

Application — Public library construction and renovation
using funds from the California Library Construction and
Renovation Bond Act of 1988.

Enforcing agency — State librarian.

Authority cited — Education Code Sections 19950 through
19981.

Reference — Education Code Sections 19950 through
19981.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

20 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ctiapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

201.3

201.4

Access Aisle

Accessibility

Accessible

IBC

Accessible
Element

Accessible Means
of Egress

IBC

Accessible Route

IBC

Accessible Route
of Travel

Accessible Space

Accessible Unit

IBC

Adaptability

Adaptable
Dwelling Unit

Addition

Administrative
Authority

Aged Home or
Institution

Aisle

Aisle, Employee
Areas

Alteration (or
Alter)

Alternate Card
Reader

ANSI

Approved

IBC

Approved Listing
Agency

Approved Testing
Agency

Area of Refuge

IBC

Assembly Area

Assistive Device

Automatic Door

Bathroom

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

08HPD

CSA

DH8

AGR

DWR

CEC

sue

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter / Section

Codes

Bedridden Person

Building

IBC

Building

Building Entrance
on an Accessible
Route

Building, Existing

Building Official

IBC

Care and
Supervision

Catastrophically
Injured

OCR

Cell

Cellular Concrete

Child-Care Center

Child or Children

Chronically III

Circulation Path

IBC

Clear

Clear Floor Space

Closed-Circuit
Telephone

Commercial
Facilities

Common Use
Areas

Concrete, Cellular

IBC

Congregate Living
Health Facility
(CLHF)

Congregate
Residence

Covered

Multifamily

Dwellings

Cross Slope

Curb Cut

Curb Ramp

Daycare

Day-Care Home,
Large Family

Day-Care Home,
Small Family

Department

Detached Single-
Family Dwelling

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter / Section

Codes

Detectable
Warning

IBC

Directional Sign

Disability

Disabled

Dormitory

IBC

Dormitory

Dwelling Unit

Dwelling Unit or
Sleeping Unit,
Multistory

IBC

Dwelling Unit or
Sleeping Unit,
Type A

IBC

Dwelling Unit or
Sleeping Unit,
TypeB

IBC

Efficiency
Dwelling Unit

Electric Vehicle

Element

Elevator,
Passenger

Enforcement

Enforcing Agency

Entrance

Equivalent
Facilitation

Existing Building

IBC

Exit

IBC

Facility (or
Facilities)

Facility

IBC

Family

Fire-Retardant
Treated Wood

Free-standing
Pedestal

Fuli-Tlme Care

Grab Bar

Grade (Adjacent
Ground Elevation)

Grade

Grade Plane

IBC

Ground Floor

Guard (or
Guardrail)

IBC

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

Handrail

IBC

Hazardous
Substance

Health Care
Provider

High-Rise Building

Historical Building

Hotel or Motel

Impact Insulation
Class (IIC)

.CA

Independent Entity

Infant

Intended to be
Occupied as a
Residence

IBC

International
Symbol of
Accessibility

Kicl< Plate

Level Accessible
Area

Level Area

Lift, Special
Access

Listed

Listing Agency

Lobby

Lodging House

Marked Crossing

Mentally Retarded
Persons,
Profoundly or
Severely

Modernization
Proiect

Motel

Motion Picture and
Television
Production Studio
Sound Stages,
Approved

Production Facilities
and Production
Locations

Multilevel
Assembly Seating

IBC

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

sue

1/AC

Adopt Entire Cliapter

Adopt Entire Cliapter as
amended (amended sections
iisted beiow)

Adopt oniy those sections ttiat
are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

Multistory Dwelling
Unit

Multiple-
Accommodation
Toilet Facility

New Public School
Campus

Newly Constructed

Nonambulatory
Persons

Noncombustlble

Normal

Nosing (or Nose)

NFPA

Occupiable Space

IBC

Open Riser

Operable Part

Organized Camps

Passage Door

Passenger
Elevator

Passive Solar
Energy Collector

Path of Travel

Pedestrian

Pedestrian Grade
Separation

Pedestrian Ramp

Pedestrian Way

Permanent

Permanent
Portable Building

Permit

IBC

Persons with
Disabilities

Platform

IBC

Photoluminescent

Portable Building

Powder Room

Power-assisted
Door

Primary Entry

Primary-Entry Level

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DBA

OSHPD

CBA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Cliapter

Adopt Entire Cliapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

Professional
Office of a Health
Care Provider

Protective Social
Care

Public
Accommodation

Public Entrance

IBC

Publicly Funded

Public-Use Areas

IBC

Public Way

IBC

Qualified Historical
Building (or
Property)

Rail Transit
Boarding Platform

Ramp

Reasonable
Portion

Recommend

Remodeling

Repair

IBC

Residential Care
Facility for the
Chronically 111
(RCF/CI)

Residential Care
Facility for the
Elderly (RCFE)

Residential Facility
(RF)

Restraint

Restricted
Entrance

IBC

Riser

Running Slope

Sanitary Facility

Self-Luminous

Self Service
Storage Facility

IBC

Service Entrance

IBC

Shall

Shopping Center
or Shopping Mall

Should

Sidewalk

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DSA

08HPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Ctiapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

Signage

Single-
Accommodation
Sanitary Facility

Site

IBC

Site Development

Sleeping
Accommodations

Slope

Sound

Transmission
Class (STC)

Space

Special Access Lift

Specified Public
Transportation

Stage

IBC

Stair

IBC

Stairway

IBC

State-
Owned/Leased
Building

Story

Story, First

Structural Frame

■ CA

Structure

IBC

Tactile

Technically
Infeasible

Temporary

Terminally III

Testing Agency

Text
Telephone

Toeboard

Townhouse

IBC

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

Transient Lodging

Transit Boarding
Platform

Tread

Tread Depth

Tread Run

Type of Motor Fuel

Unreasonable
Hardship

Vehicular or
Pedestrian Arrival
Points

Vehicular Way

Waiting Room

Walk

Wheelchair

Wheelchair
Occupant (or
Wheelchair User)

Wheelchair Space

IBC

Winery Caves

Work Station

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: t

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 2

DEFINITIONS

SECTION 201
GENERAL

201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following
words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, have the
meanings shown in this chapter.

201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tense
include the future; words stated in the masculine gender
include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes
the plural and the plural, the singular.

201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not
defined in this code and are defined in the California Fire Code,
California Mechanical Code or California Plumbing Code,
such terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them as in those
codes.

201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined
through the methods authorized by this section, such terms
shall have ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context
implies.

For applications listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office
of the State Fire Marshal, where terms are not defined through
the methods authorized by this section, such terms shall have
ordinarily acceptedmeanings such as the context implies. Web-
ster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Lan-
guage, Unabridged, shall be considered as providing
ordinarily accepted meanings.

SECTION 202
DEFINITIONS

AAC MASONRY. See Section 2102. 1 .

ACCESS AISLE. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, SectionllOlB.

ACCESSIBILITY. [DSA-AC & HCD I-AC] See Chapter 11 A,
Section 1107A.1-A, and Chapter 1 IB, Section 1102B.

ACCESSIBLE. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter llA,
Section 1107A.1-A, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

ACCESSIBLE ELEMENT. [DSA-AC] See Chapter 1 IB, Sec-
tion 1102B.

ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. See Section 1002.1.

ACCESSIBLE ROUTE. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC]. See Chap-
ter llA, Section 1107A.1-A.

ACCESSIBLE ROUTE OF TRAVEL. [DSA-AC] See Chap-
ter IIB, Section 1102B.

ACCESSIBLE SPACE. [DSA-AC] See Chapter 1 IB, Section
1102B.

ACCREDITATION BODY. See Section 2302. 1 .

ADAPTABILITY. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section
1102B.

ADAPTABLE DWELLING UNIT. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC]

See Chapter llA, Section 1107A.1-A.

ADDITION. An extension or increase in floor area or height
of a building or structure.

[DSA-AC] "Addition" is an extension, expansion or
increase in floor area or height of a building, facility or struc-
ture.

ADHERED MASONRY VENEER. See Section 1402.1.

ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY. [DSA-AC] See Chapter
IIB, Section 1102B.

ADOBE CONSTRUCTION. See Section 2102.1.

Adobe, stabilized. See Section 2102.1.

Adobe, unstabilized. See Section 2102.1.
[F] AEROSOL. See Section 307.2.

Level 1 aerosol products. See Section 307.2.

Level 2 aerosol products. See Section 307.2.

Level 3 aerosol products. See Section 307.2.

[F] AEROSOL CONTAINER. See Section 307.2.

AGED HOME OR INSTITUTION. See Section 310.

AGRICULTURAL, BUILDING. A structure designed and
constructed to house farm implements, hay, grain, poultry, live-
stock or other horticultural products . This structure shall not be
a place of human habitation or a place of employment where
agricultural products are processed, treated or packaged, nor
shall it be a place used by the public.

AIR-INFLATED STRUCTURE. See Section 3102.2.

AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURE. See Section 3102.2.

Double skin. See Section 3 102.2.

Single sliin. See Section 3102.2.

AISLE. See Section 1002.1.

[DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

AISLE ACCESS WAY. See Section 1002.1.

AISLE, EMPLOYEE AREAS. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB,
Section 1102B.

[F] ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLL4NCE. See Section
902.1.

[F] ALARM SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.

[F] ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE. See Section
902.1.

ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN. See Section 1602.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

ALTERATION or ALTER. Any construction or renovation to
an existing structure other than repair or addition.

[DSA-AC] "Alteration or alter" is any change, addition or
modification in construction or occupancy or structural repair
or change in primary function to an existing structure made by,
on behalf of or for the use of a public accommodation or com-
mercial facility that affects or could affect the usability of the
building or facility or part thereof Alterations include, but are
not limited to, remodeling, renovation, rehabilitation, recon-
struction, historic restoration, changes or rearrangement of
the structural parts or elements, and changes or rearrange-
ment in the plan configuration of walls and full-height parti-
tions.

ALTERNATE CARD READER. [DSA-AC] See Chapter
lie. Section IIOIC.I.

ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. See Section 1002.1.

ANCHOR. See Section 2102.1.

ANCHOR BUILDING. See Section 402.2.

ANCHORED MASONRY VENEER. See Section 1402.1.

ANNULAR SPACE. See Section 702.1.

[F] ANNUNCIATOR. See Section 902.1.

ANSI [DSA-AC] means the American National Standards
Institute.

APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official or authority hav-
ing jurisdiction.

[DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] "Approved" means meeting
the approval of the enforcing agency, except as otherwise
provided by law, when used in connection with any system,
material, type of construction, fixture or appliance as the
result ofinvestigations and tests conducted by the agency, or
by reason of accepted principles or tests by national author-
ities or technical, health or scientific organizations or agen-
cies.

Notes: [HCD 1 & HCD 2]

1. See Health and Safety Code Section 17920 for
"Approved" as applied to residential construction
and buildings or structures accessory thereto, as
referenced in Section 108.2.1.1.

2. See Health and Safety Code Section 17921.1 for
"Approved" as applied to the use of hotplates in
residential construction referenced in Section
108.2.1.1.

3. See Health and Safety Code Section 17921.3 for
"Approved" as applied to low-flush water closets
in residential construction, as referenced in Sec-
tion 108.2.1.1.

4. See Health and Safety Code Section 19966 for
"Approved" as applied to factory-built housing as
referenced in Section 108.3.2.5.

5. See Health and Safety Code Section 18201 for
"Approved" as applied to mobilehome parks as
referenced in Section 108.2.

6. See Health and Safety Code Section 18862.1 for
"Approved" as applied to special occupancy
parks as referenced in Section 108.2.

APPROVED AGENCY. See Section 1702.1.

APPROVED LISTING AGENCY [HCD 1 & HCD 2] is any

agency approved by the enforcing agency, unless otherwise
provided by statute, which is in the business of listing and label-
ing and which makes available at least an annual published
report of such listings in which specific information is included
that the product has been tested to recognized standards and
found to comply.

APPROVED TESTING AGENCY [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD

2] is any agency, which is determined by the enforcing agency,
except as otherwise provided by statute, to have adequate per-
sonnel and expertise to carry out the testing of systems, materi-
als, types of construction, fixtures or appliances.

APPROVED FABRICATOR. See Section 1702.1.

APPROVED SOURCE. An independent person, firm or cor-
poration, approved by the building official, who is competent
and experienced in the application of engineering principles to
materials, methods or systems analyses.

ARCHITECTURAL TERRA COTTA. See Section2102.1.

AREA. See Section 2102.1.

Bedded. See Section 2102.1.

Gross cross-sectional. See Section 2102.1.

Net cross-sectional. See Section 2102.1.

AREA, BUILDING. See Section 502.1.

AREA OF REFUGE. See Section 1002.1.

AREAWAY. A subsurface space adjacent to a building open at
the top or protected at the top by a grating or guard.

ASSEMBLY AREA. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section
1102B.

ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES. See Section 31 0.2,
"Residential care/Assisted living facilities."

ASSISTIVE DEVICE. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter
llA, Section 1107A.1-A.

ATRIUM. See Section 404.1.1.

ATTIC. The space between the ceiling beams of the top story
and the roof rafters.

[F] AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE.

See Section 902.1.

AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE (AAC). See Sec-
tion 2102.1.

[F] AUTOMATIC. See Section 902.1.

AUTOMATIC DOOR. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter
llA, Section 1107.A.1-A, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

[F] AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM.

See Section 902.1.

[F] AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. See Section
902.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

[F] AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. See Section
902.1.

AWNING. An architectural projection that provides weather
protection, identity or decoration and is wholly supported by
the building to which it is attached. An awning is comprised of
a lightweight, rigid skeleton structure over which a covering is
attached.

BACKING. See Section 1402.1.

BALCONY, EXTERIOR. See Section 1602.1.

BALED COTTON. See Section 307.2.

BALED COTTON, DENSELY PACKED. See Section
307.2.

[F] BARRICADE. See Section 307.2.

Artificial barricade. See Section 307.2.

Natural barricade. See Section 307.2.

BASE FLOOD. See Section 1612.2.

BASE FLOOD ELEVATION. See Section 1612.2.

BASEMENT. See Sections 502.1 and 1612.2.

BATHROOM. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter llA, Sec-
tion 1107A.2-B.

BED JOINT. See Section 2102. 1.

BEDRIDDEN PERSON. See Section 310.

BLEACHERS. See Section 1002.1.

BOARDING HOUSE. See Section 310.2.

[F] BOILING POINT. See Section 307.2.

BOND BEAM. See Section 2102.1.

BOND REINFORCING. See Section 2102.1.

BRACED WALL LINE. See Section 2302.1.

BRACED WALL PANEL. See Section 2302.1.

BRICK. See Section 2102.1.

Calcium silicate (sand lime brick). See Section 2102.1.

Clay or shale. See Section 2102.1.

Concrete. See Section 2102.1.

BUILDING. Any structure used or intended for supporting or
sheltering any use or occupancy.

Exception: [HCD 1, HCD 2 & HCD 1-AC] For applica-
tions listed in Section 108.2 regulated by the Department of
Housing and Community Development, "Building" shall
not include the following:

1. Any mobilehome as defined in Health and Safety
Code Section 18008.

2. Any manufactured home as defined in Health and
Safety Code Section 18007.

3. Any commercial modular as defined in Health and
Safety Code Section 18001.8 or any special purpose
commercial modular as defined in Section 18012.5.

4. Any recreational vehicle as defined in Health and
Safety Code Section 18010.

5. Any multi-unit manufactured housing as defined in
Health and Safety Code Section 18008.7.

For additional information, see Health and Safety
Code Section 18908.

Note: [SFM] "Building" shall have the same meaning as
defined in Health and Safety Code Sections 17920 and
18908 for the applications specified in Section 111.

BUILDING ENTRANCE ON AN ACCESSIBLE ROUTE.
[DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter 11 A, Section 1107A.2-B.

BUILDING, EXISTING [DSA-AC & HCD 1 & HCD 2] is a

building erected prior to the adoption of this code, or one for
which a legal building permit has been issued.

BUILDING LENfE. The line established by law, beyond which
a building shall not extend, except as specifically provided by
law.

BUILDING OFFICL^L. The officer or other designated
authority charged with the administration and enforcement of
this code, or a duly authorized representative.

BUILT-UP ROOF COVERING. See Section 1502. 1 .

BUTTRESS. See Section 2102.1.

CABLE-RESTRAINED, AIR-SUPPORTED STRUC-
TURE. See Section 3102.2.

CANOPY. An architectural projection that provides weather
protection, identity or decoration and is supported by the build-
ing to which it is attached and at the outer end by not less than
one stanchion. A canopy is comprised of a rigid structure over
which a covering is attached.

[F] CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS.

See Section 902.1.

CARE AND SUPERVISION. See Section 310.

CAST STONE. See Section 2102.1.

CATASTROPHICALLY INJURED. See Section 310.

CCR [DSA-AC] means the California Code of Regulations.

[F] CEILmG LIMIT. See Section 902.1.

CEILING RADIATION DAMPER. See Section 702.1.

CELL. See Sections 308.4.6 and 2102.1.

CELLULAR CONCRETE [HCD 1 & HCD 2] is a lightweight
product consisting ofportland cement and selected gas-form-
ing chemicals or foaming agents which create homogeneous
voids in the hardened concrete.

CEMENT PLASTER. See Section 2502.1.

CERAMIC FIBER BLANKET. See Section 721.1.1.

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE. See Section 1702.1.

CHILD or CHILDREN. See Section 310.

CHILD CARE CENTER. See Section 310.

CHIMNEY. See Section 2102.1.

CHIMNEY TYPES. See Section 2102.1.

High-heat appliance type. See Section 2102.1.

Low-heat appliance type. See Section 2102.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

Masonry type. See Section 2102.1.

Medium-heat appliance type. See Section 2102.1.

CHRONICALLY ILL. [SFM] See Section 310.

CIRCULATION PATH. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chap-
ter IIB, Section 1102B.

[F] CLEAN AGENT. See Section 902.1.

CLEANOUT. See Section 2102.1.

CLEAR. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section 11023.

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Sec-
tion 1102B.

CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEPHONE. [DSA-AC] See Chapter
IIB, Section 1102B.

[F] CLOSED SYSTEM. See Section 307.2.

COLLAR JOINT. See Section 2102.1.

COLLECTOR. See Section 2302.1.

COLUMN, MASONRY. See Section 2102.1.

COMBINATION FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER. See Section
702.1.

[F] COMBUSTIBLE DUST. See Section 307.2.

[F] COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS. See Section 307.2.

[F] COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. See Section 307.2.

Class n. See Section 307.2.

Class niA. See Section 307.2.

Class mB. See Section 307.2.

COMMERCIAL FACILITIES [DSA-AC] are facilities that
are intended for nonresidential use and whose operations will
affect commerce, including factories, warehouses, office build-
ings and other buildings in which employment may occur.
Commercial facilities shall not include railroad locomotives,
railroad freight cars, railroad cabooses, railroad cars covered
under Title 11 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 or
facilities that are covered or expressly exemptedfrom coverage
under the Fair Housing Amendment Act of 1988 (42 USC
3601-3631, etseq).

COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. See Section
1002.1.

COMMON USE AREAS. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chap-
ter llA, Section 11 07A.3-C, and Chapter 1 IB, Sectionll02B.

COMPOSITE ACTION. See Section 2102.1.

COMPOSITE MASONRY. See Section 2102.1.

[F] COMPRESSED GAS. See Section 307.2.

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF MASONRY. See Sec-
tion 2102.1.

CONCRETE, CARBONATE AGGREGATE. See Section
721.1.1.

CONCRETE, CELLULAR. [HCD 1 & HCD 2] See Section
721.1.1. See "Cellular concrete. "

CONCRETE, LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE. See Sec-
tion 721.1.1.

CONCRETE, PERLITE. See Section 721.1.1.

CONCRETE, SAND-LIGHTWEIGHT. See Section
721.1.1.

CONCRETE, SILICEOUS AGGREGATE. See Section
721.1.1.

CONCRETE, VERMICULITE. See Section 721.1.1.

CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITIES. See Section 3 10.2.

CONGREGATE LIVING HEALTH FACILITY (CLHF). See

Section 310.

CONGREGATE RESIDENCE. See Section 310.

CONNECTOR. See Section 2102.1.

[F] CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION. See Section
902.1.

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. Written, graphic and
pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing the
design, location and physical characteristics of the elements of
a project necessary for obtaining a building permit.

CONSTRUCTION TYPES. See Section 602.

Type I. See Section 602.2.

Type n. See Section 602.2.

Type in. See Section 602.3.

Type rV. See Section 602.4.

Type V. See Section 602.5.

[F] CONTINUOUS GAS-DETECTION SYSTEM. See

Section 415.2.

[F] CONTROL AREA. See Section 307.2.

CONTROLLED LOW-STRENGTH MATERIAL. A

self-compacted, cementitious material used primarily as a
backfill in place of compacted fill.

CONVENTIONAL LIGHT-FRAME WOOD CON-
STRUCTION. See Section 2302.1.

CORRIDOR. See Section 1002.1.

CORROSION RESISTANCE. The ability of a material to
withstand deterioration of its surface or its properties when
exposed to its environment.

[F] CORROSIVE. See Section 307.2.

COURT. An open, uncovered space, unobstructed to the sky,
bounded on three or more sides by exterior building walls or
other enclosing devices.

COVER. See Section 2102.1.

COVERED MALL BUILDING. See Section 402.2.

COVERED MULTIFAMILY DWELLINGS. [DSA-AC &
HCD 1-AC] See Chapter 11 A, Section 1107A.3-C.

CRIPPLE WALL. See Section 2302.1.

CROSS SLOPE. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter llA,
Section 1107A.3-C, and Chapter UB, Section 1102B.

CRYOGENIC FLUID. See Section 307.2.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

CURB CUT. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-ACJ See Chapter 11 A, Sec-
tion 1107A.3-C, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

CURB RAMP. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter 11 A, Sec-
tion 1107A.3-C, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

DALLE GLASS. See Section 2402.1.

DAMPER. See Section 702.1.

DAY BOX. See Section 307.2.

DAY CARE. See Section 310.

DAY CARE HOME, LARGE FAMILY. See Section 310.

DAY CARE HOME, SMALL FAMILY. See Section 310.

DEAD LOADS. See Section 1602.1.

DECK. See Section 1602.1.

DECORATIVE GLASS. See Section 2402.1.

[F] DECORATIVE MATERIALS. All materials applied
over the building interior finish for decorative, acoustical or
other effect (such as curtains, draperies, fabrics, streamers and
surface coverings), and all other materials utilized for decora-
tive effect (such as batting, cloth, cotton, hay, stalks, straw,
vines, leaves, trees, moss and similar items), including foam
plastics and materials containing foam plastics. Decorative
materials do not include floor coverings, ordinary window
shades, interior finish and materials 0.025 inch (0.64 mm) or
less in thickness applied directly to and adhering tightly to a
substrate.

[F] DEFLAGRATION. See Section 307.2.

[F] DELUGE SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.

DEPARTMENT [HCD 1 & HCD 2] is the Department of
Housing and Community Development.

DESIGN DISPLACEMENT. See Section 1908.1.3.

DESIGN EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION. See Sec-
tion 1613.2.

DESIGN FLOOD. See Section 1612.2.

DESIGN FLOOD ELEVATION. See Section 1612.2.

DESIGN STRENGTH. See Section 1602.1.

DESIGNATED SEISMIC SYSTEM. See Section 1702.1.

[F] DETACHED BUILDING. See Section 307.2.

DETATCHED SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLING [HCD 1 &

HCD 2] is any single-family dwelling which is separated from
adjacent property lines by 3 feet (914 mm) or more or is sepa-
rated from adjacent buildings by 6 feet (1829 mm) or more.

DETAILED PLAIN CONCRETE STRUCTURAL WALL.

See Section 1908.1.3.

DETECTABLE WARNING. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-ACJ See

Chapter 11 A, Section 1107A.4-D, and Chapter IIB, Section
1102B.

[F] DETECTOR, HEAT. See Section 902.1.

[F] DETONATION. See Section 307.2.

DLiPHRAGM. See Sections 1602.1 and 2102.1.

Diaphragm, blocked. See Sections 1602.1.

Diaphragm, boundary. See Section 1602.1.

Diaphragm, chord. See Section 1602.1.

Diaphragm, flexible. See Section 1602.1.

Diaphragm, rigid. See Section 1602.1.

Diaphragm, unblocked. See Section 2302.1.

DIMENSIONS. See Section 2102.1.

Actual. See Section 2102.1.

Nominal. See Section 2102.1.

Specified. See Section 2102.1.

DIRECTIONAL SIGN [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] is a pub-
licly displayed notice which indicates by use of words or sym-
bols a recommended direction or route of travel.

DISABILITY. [DSA-AC] is (1) a physical or mental impair-
ment that limits one or more of the major life activities of an
individual, (2) a record of such an impairment, or (3) being
regarded as having such an impairment.

DISABLED. [DSA-AC] See "Disability."

DISPENSING. See Section 307.2.

DOOR, BALANCED. See Section 1002.1.

DORMITORY. See Sections 308.4.6 and 310.2.

DRAFTSTOP. See Section 702. 1 .

DRAG STRUT. See Section 2302.1.

[F] DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. See

Section 902.1.

DRYFLOODPROOFING. See Section 1612.2.

DURATION OF LOAD. See Section 1602.1.

DWELLING. A building that contains one or two dwelUng
units used, intended or designed to be used, rented, leased, let
or hired out to be occupied for living pmposes.

DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete, inde-
pendent living facilities for one or more persons including per-
manent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and
sanitation.

[DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter 11 A, Section
1107A.4-D, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

EFFECTIVE HEIGHT. See Section 2102.1.

EFFICIENCY DWELLING UNIT [HCD 1] is a dwelling
unit containing only one habitable room and includes an effi-
ciency unit as defined by Health and Safety Code Section
17958.1. See Section 1208.4.

EGRESS COURT. See Section 1002.1.

ELECTRIC VEHICLE. See Section 406.7.

ELEMENT. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

ELEVATOR, PASSENGER. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB,
Section 1102B.

[F] EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. See Section 902. 1 .

[F] EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION. See Section
415.2.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING. See

Section 1002.1.

[F] EMERGENCY VOICE/ALARM COMMUNICA-
TIONS. See Section 902.1.

ENFORCEMENT. [HCD 1 & HCD2] The applicable section
of the Health and Safety Code is repeated here for clarity and
reads as follows:

Section 17920. "Enforcement" means diligent effort to
secure compliance, including review of plans and permit
applications, response to complaints, citation ofviolations,
and other legal process. Except as otherwise provided in
this part, "Enforcement" may, but need not, include inspec-
tions of existing buildings on which no complaint or permit
application has been filed, and effort to secure compliance
as to these existing buildings.

ENFORCING AGENCY [DSA-AC, HCD 1, HCD 2 & SFM]
is the designated department or agency as specified by statute
or regulation.

ENTRANCE. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

EQUIPMENT PLATFORM. See Section 502.1.

EQUIVALENT FACILITATION. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC]

See Chapter llA, Section 1I07A.5-E, and Chapter IIB, Sec-
tion 1102B.

ESSENTIAL FACILITIES. See Section 1602.1.

[F] EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE. See Section 415.2.

EXISTING BUILDINGS. [DSA-AC] See "Building, exist-
ing."

EXISTING CONSTRUCTION. See Section 1612.2.

EXISTING STRUCTURE. A stracture erected prior to the
date of adoption of the appropriate code, or one for which a
legal building permit has been issued. See also Section 1612.2.

EXIT. See Section 1002. 1 .

EXIT, HORIZONTAL. See Section 1002.1.

EXIT ACCESS. See Section 1002.1.

EXIT DISCHARGE. See Section 1002.1.

EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OE See Section 1002.1.

EXIT ENCLOSURE. See Section 1002.1.

EXIT PASSAGEWAY. See Section 1002.1.

EXPANDED VINYL WALL COVERING. See Section
802.1.

[F] EXPLOSION. See Section 902.1.

[F] EXPLOSIVE. See Section 307.2.

High explosive. See Section 307.2.

Low explosive. See Section 307.2.

Mass detonating explosives. See Section 307.2.

UN/DOTn Class 1 Explosives. See Section 307.2.
Division 1.1. See Section 307.2.

Division 1.2. See Section 307.2.

Division 1.3. See Section 307.2.

Division 1.4. See Section 307.2.

Division 1.5. See Section 307.2.

Division 1.6. See Section 307.2.
EXTERIOR SURFACES. See Section 2502.1.
EXTERIOR WALL. See Section 1402.1.
EXTERIOR WALL COVERING. See Section 1402.1.
EXTERIOR WALL ENVELOPE. See Section 1402.1.
F RATING. See Section 702.1.
FABRIC PARTITIONS. See Section 1602.1.
FABRICATED ITEM. See Section 1702.1.
[F] FABRICATION AREA. See Section 415.2.

FACILITY (OR FACILITIES). [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See

Chapter llA, Section 1107A.6-F, and Chapter IIB, Section
1I02B.

FACTORED LOAD. See Section 1602.1.

FAMILY [HCD 1] is an individual or two or more persons who
are related by blood or marriage; or otherwise, live together in
a dwelling unit.

FIBER CEMENT SIDING. See Section 1402.1.

FIBERBOARD. See Section 2302.1.

FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. See Section 902.1.

[F] FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT. See Section 902.1.

[F] FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.

[F] FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.

FIRE AREA. See Section 702.1.

FIRE BARRIER. See Section 702.1.

[F] FIRE COMMAND CENTER. See Section 902.1.

FIRE DAMPER. See Section 702.1.

[F] FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. See Section 902. 1 .

FIRE DOOR. See Section 702.1.

FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. See Section 702. 1 .

FIRE EXIT HARDWARE. See Section 1002.1.

[F] FIRE LANE. A road or other passageway developed to
allow the passage of fire apparatus. A fire lane is not necessar-
ily intended for vehicular traffic other than fire apparatus.

FIRE PARTITION. See Section 702.1.

FIRE PROTECTION RATING. See Section 702.1.

[F] FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.

FIRE RESISTANCE. See Section 702.1.

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING. See Section 702.1.

FIRE-RESISTANT JOINT SYSTEM. See Section 702.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

FIRE-RETARDANT TREATED WOOD [SFM] is any wood
product impregnated with chemicals by a pressure process or
other means during manufacture, and which, when tested in
accordance with ASTM E 84-05 for a period of 30 minutes,
shall have aflame spread of not over 25 and show no evidence
ofprogressive combustion. In addition, the flame front shall not
progress more than iOVj/eef (3200 mm) beyond the center line
of the burner at any time during the test. Materials that may be
exposed to the weather shall pass the accelerated weathering
test and be identified as Exterior type, in accordance with
ASTMD 2898-94 and ASTM D 3201-94. Where material is not
directly exposed to rainfall but exposed to high humidity condi-
tions, it shall be subjected to the hygroscopic test and identified
as Interior Type A in accordance with ASTM D 2898-94 and
ASTMD 3201-94.

All materials shall bear identification showing the fire per-,
formance rating thereof. Such identifications shall be issued by
an approved agency having a service for inspection of materi-
als at the factory.

Fire-retardant-treated wood shall not be construed as
"noncombustible. "

[F] FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. See Section 902. 1 .

FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE. See Section 702.1.

FIRE WALL. See Section 702. 1 .

FIRE WINDOW ASSEMBLY. See Section 702.1.

FIREBLOCKING. See Section 702.1.

FIREPLACE. See Section 2102.1.

FIREPLACE THROAT. See Section 2102.1.

FIREWORKS. See Section 307.2.

FIREWORKS, 1.3G. See Section 307.2.

FIREWORKS, 1.4G. See Section 307.2.

FLAME SPREAD. See Section 802.1.

FLAME SPREAD INDEX. See Section 802.1.

[F] FLAMMABLE GAS. See Section 307.2.

[F] FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS. See Section 307.2. '

[F] FLAMMABLE LIQUID. See Section 307.2.

Class LA. See Section 307.2.

Class IB. See Section 307.2.

Class IC. See Section 307.2.

[F] FLAMMABLE MATERIAL. See Section 307.2.

[F] FLAMMABLE SOLID. See Section 307.2.

[F] FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES. See Section
415.2.

[F] FLASH POINT. See Section 307.2.

FLEXURAL LENGTH. See Section 1808.1.

FLOOD OR FLOODING. See Section 1612.2.

FLOOD DAMAGE-RESISTANT MATERIALS. See Sec-
tion 1612.2.

FLOOD HAZARD AREA. See Section 1612.2.

FLOOD HAZARD AREA SUBJECT TO HIGH VELOC-
ITY WAVE ACTION. See Section 1612.2.

FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM). See Section
1612.2.

FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY. See Section 1612.2.

FLOODWAY. See Section 1612.2.

FLOOR AREA, GROSS. See Section 1002.1.

FLOOR AREA, NET. See Section 1002.1.

FLOOR FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. See Section 702.1.

FLY GALLERY. See Section 410.2.

[F] FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS. See Section
902.1.

FOAM PLASTIC INSULATION. See Section 2602.1.

FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. See Section
1002.1.

FOOD COURT. See Section 402.2.

FOUNDATION PIER. See Section 2102.1.

FREE-STANDING PEDESTAL. [DSA-AC] See Chapter
lie. Section IIOIC.I.

FULL-TIME CARE. See Section 310.

[F] GAS CABINET. See Section 415.2.

[F] GAS ROOM. See Section 415.2.

[F] GASEOUS HYDROGEN SYSTEM. See Section 420.2.

GLASS FIBERBOARD. See Section 721.1.1.

GLASS UNIT MASONRY. See Section 2102.1.

GLUED BUILT-UP MEMBER. See Section 2302.1.

GRAB BAR. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-ACJ See Chapter llA, Sec-
tion 1107A.7-G, and Chapter HE, Section 1102B.

GRADE (Adjacent Ground Elevation) [DSA-AC] is the low-
est point of elevation of the finished surface of the ground, pav-
ing or sidewalk within the area between the building and the
property line or, when the property line is more than 5 feet
(1524 mm) from the building, between the building and a line 5
feet (1524 mm) from the building. See Health and Safety Code
Section 19955.3(d).

GRADE. [HCD 1 & HCD 2] See Section 502.1.

GRADE FLOOR OPENING. A window or other opening
located such that the sill height of the opening is not more than
44 inches (1118 mm) above or below the finished ground level
adjacent to the opening.

GRADE (LUMBER). See Section 2302.1.

GRADE PLANE. See Section 502.1.

GRANDSTAND. See Section 1002.1.

GRIDIRON. See Section 410.2.

GROSS LEASABLE AREA. See Section 402.2.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

GROUND FLOOR. [DSA-AC&HCDl-AC] See Chapter 11 A,

Section 1107A.7-G.

GROUTED MASONRY, See Section 2102.1.

Grouted hollow-unit masonry. See Section 2102.1.
Grouted multiwythe masonry. See Section 2102.1.

GUARD [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] or GUARDRAIL. See

Section 1002.1.

GYPSUM BOARD. See Section 2502.1.

GYPSUM PLASTER. See Section 2502.1.

GYPSUM VENEER PLASTER. See Section 2502.1.

HABITABLE SPACE. A space in a building for living, sleep-
ing, eating or cooking. Bathrooms, toilet rooms, closets, halls,
storage or utility spaces and similar areas are not considered
habitable spaces.

[F] HALOGENATED EXTEVGUISHING SYSTEMS. See

Section 902.1.

[F] HANDLING. See Section 307.2.
HANDRAIL. See Section 1002.1.
HARDBOARD. See Section 2302.1.
[F] HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. See Section 307.2.

[F] HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM).

See Section 415.2.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE [SFM] is a substance which, by
reason of being explosive, flammable, toxic, poisonous, corro-
sive, oxidizing, irritant or otherwise harmful, is likely to cause
injury.

HEAD JOINT. See Section 2102.1.

HEADER (Bonder). See Section 2102.1.

HEALTH CARE PROVIDER. [DSA-AC] See "Professional
Office of a Health Care Provider" in Chapter IIB, Section
1102B.

[F] HEALTH HAZARD. See Section 307.2.

HEIGHT, BUILDING. See Section 502.1.

HEIGHT, STORY. See Section 502.1.

HEIGHT, WALLS. See Section 2102.1.

HELIPORT. See Section 412.5.1.

HELISTOP. See Section 412.5.1.

[F] HIGHLY TOXIC. See Section 307.2.

HIGH-RISE BUILDING. [SFM] As used in this code:

1. "Existing high-rise structure" means a high-rise struc-
ture, the construction of which is commenced or com-
pleted prior to July 1, 1974.

2. "High-rise structure " means every building of any type of
construction or occupancy having floors used for human
occupancy located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above
the lowest floor level having building access (see Section
403.1.2), except buildings used as hospitals as defined in
Health and Safety Code Section 1250.

3. "New high-rise structure " means a high-rise structure, ^
the construction of which is commenced on or after July
1, 1974.

HISTORICAL BUILDINGS. [DSA-AC] See "Qualified his-
torical building or property," C.C.R., Title 24, Part 8.

HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLY. See Section 702.1.

HOTEL or MOTEL [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] is any

building containing six or more guest rooms intended or
designed to be used, or which are used, rented or hired out to
be occupied, or which are occupied for sleeping purposes by
guests.

[F] HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID. See Section 415.2.

[F] HPM ROOM. See Section 415.2.

HURRICANE-PRONE REGIONS. See Section 1609.2.

[F] HYDROGEN CUTOFF ROOM. See Section 420.2.

IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND
HEALTH (IDLH). See Section 415.2.

IMPACT INSULATION CLASS (IIC). See Chapter 12, Sec-
tion 1207.2.

IMPACT LOAD. See Section 1602.1.

INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. See Section 307.2.

INDEPENDENT ENTITY [DSA-AC] is a not-for-profit
product safety testing and certification organization, dedi-
cated to testing for public safety. An independent entity would
operate for the testing, certification and quality assessment of
products, systems and services.

INFANT. [SFM] See Section 310.

[F] INITIATING DEVICE. See Section 902.1.

INSPECTION CERTIFICATE. See Section 1702.1.

INTERIOR FINISH. See Section 802.1.

INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH. See Section 802.1.

INTERIOR SURFACES. See Section 2502.1.

INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH. See Section
802.1.

INTERLAYMENT. See Section 1502.1.

INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESSIBILITY.
[DSA-AC & HCD 1-ACJ See Chapter 11 A, Section
1107A.9-I, and Chapter IIB, Section 11023.

JOINT. See Section 702.1.

JURISDICTION. The governmental unit that has adopted
this code under due legislative authority.

KICK PLATE. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter 11 A,
Section 1107A.11-K, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

LABEL. See Section 1702.1.

LEVEL ACCESSIBLE AREA. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIC,

Section IIOIC.I. ^

LEVEL AREA. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter 11 A,
Section 1107A.12-L, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

LIFT, SPECIAL ACCESS. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See

"Special access lift" Chapter llA, Section 1107A.12-L, and
Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

LIGHT-DIFFUSING. SYSTEM. See Section 2602.1.

LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION. A type of construction
whose vertical and horizontal structural elements are primarily
formed by a system of repetitive wood or light gage steel fram-
ing members.

LIGHT-TRANSMITTING PLASTIC ROOF PANELS.

See Section 2602.1.

LIGHT-TRANSMITTING PLASTIC WALL PANELS.

See Section 2602.1.

LIMIT STATE. See Section 1602.1.

[F] LIQUID. See Section 415.2.

[F] LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. See Section 415.2.

[F] LIQUID USE, DISPENSING AND MIXING ROOMS.

See Section 415.2.

LISTED. See Section 902. 1 .

[HCD 1 &2] "Listed" means all products that appear in a
list published by an approved testing or listing agency. For
additional information, see Health and Safety Code Section
17920(h).

For applications listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office
of the State Fire Marshal, "Listed" shall also mean equipment
or materials accepted by the State Fire Marshal as conforming
to the provisions of the State Fire Marshal's regulations and
which are included in a list published by the State Fire Mar-
shal.

LISTING AGENCY [HCD 1&2] means an agency approved
by the department that is in the business of listing and labeling
products, materials, equipment and installations tested by an
approved testing agency, and that maintains aperiodic inspec-
tion program on current production of listed products, equip-
ment and installations, and that, at least annually, makes
available a published report of these listings. For additional
information, see Health and Safety Code Section 17920(i).

LIVE LOADS. See Section 1602.1.

LIVE LOADS (ROOF). See Section 1602.1.

LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN (LRFD).

See Section 1602.1.

LOAD EFFECTS. See Section 1602.1.

LOAD FACTOR. See Section 1602.1.

LOADS. See Section 1602.1.

LOBBY [HCD I, HCD 2 & SFM] is an area not defined as a
waiting room at the entrance of a building through which per-
sons must pass.

LODGING HOUSE [HCD 1] is any building or portion
thereof containing not more than five guest rooms where rent is
paid in money, goods, labor or otherwise.

LOT. A portion or parcel of land considered as a unit.

LOT LINE. A Une dividing one lot from another, or from a
street or any public place.

[F] LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). See Section
415.2.

LOWEST FLOOR. See Section 1612.2.

MAIN WINDFORCE-RESISTING SYSTEM. See Section
1702.1.

MALL. See Section 402.2.

[F] MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX. See Section 902.1.

MANUFACTURER'S DESIGNATION. See Section
1702.1.

MARK. See Section 1702.1.

MARKED CROSSING. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter
llA, Section 1 107 A.13-M, and Chapter 1 IB, Section 1102B.

MARQUEE. A permanent roofed structure attached to and
supported by the building and that projects into the public
right-of-way.

MASONRY. See Section 2102.1.

Ashlar masonry. See Section 2102.1.

Coursed ashlar. See Section 2102.1.

Glass unit masonry. See Section 2102.1.

Plain masonry. See Section 2102. 1 .

Random ashlar. See Section 2102.1.

Reinforced masonry. See Section 2102.1.

Solid masonry. See Section 2102.1.

Unreinforced (plain) masonry. See Section 2102.1.
MASONRY UNIT. See Section 2102.1.

Clay. See Section 2102.1.

Concrete. See Section 2102.1.

Hollow. See Section 2102.1.

Solid. See Section 2102.1.

MAXIMUM CONSIDERED EARTHQUAKE GROUND

MOTION. See Section 1613.2. .

MEAN DAILY TEMPERATURE. See Section 2102.1.
MEANS OF EGRESS. See Section 1002.1.

MECHANICAL-ACCESS OPEN PARKING GARAGES.

See Section 406.3.2.

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SCREEN. See Section
1502.1.

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS. See Section 1613.2.

MEMBRANE-COVERED CABLE STRUCTURE. See

Section 3102.2.

MEMBRANE-COVERED FRAME STRUCTURE. See

Section 3102.2.

MEMBRANE PENETRATION. See Section 702.1.

MEMBRANE-PENETRATION FIRESTOR See Section
702.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS, PROFOUNDLY OR
SEVERELY. See Section 310.

MERCHANDISE PAD. See Section 1002.1.

METAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL (MCM). See Section
1402.1.

METAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL (MCM) SYSTEM.

See Section 1402.1.

METAL ROOF PANEL. See Section 1502.1.

METAL ROOF SHINGLE. See Section 1502.1.

MEZZANINE. See Section 502.1.

MICROPILES. See Section 1808.1.

MINERAL BOARD. See Section 721.1.1.

MINERAL FIBER. See Section 702.1.

MINERAL WOOL. See Section 702.1.

MODERNIZATION PROJECT [SFM] is any construction
effort that has an estimated total cost in excess of $200, 000 that
is intended to modify a permanent school building or structure
and/or the addition of a new school building or structure used
to serve or house students from kindergarten through 12"'
grade (K-12). Modernization efforts shall apply strictly to a
public school that was established prior to July 1, 2002, and is
funded pursuant to the Education Code, Section 1 7074.56, and
Education Code commencing with Section 17070.10. Modern-
ization projects that are to be completed in more than one
phase may defer the installation of the automatic fire detection
and alarm systems until the final phase of the modernization
project. Solely for the purposes of Education Code Section
17074.20, routine maintenance and repair work shall not be
considered a modernization project.

MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOF COVERING. See Section
1502.1.

MORTAR. See Section 2102.1.

MORTAR, SURFACE-BONDING. See Section 2102.1.

MOTEL. [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] See "Hotel or Motel. "

MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION
STUDIO SOUND STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION
FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS. See Chap-
ter 46, California Fire Code.

MULTILEVEL ASSEMBLY SEATING. See Section
1102.1.

MULTIPLE-ACCOMMODATION TOILET FACILITY

[DSA-AC] is a room that has more than one sanitary fixture, is
intended for the use of more than one person at a time and
which usually is provided with privacy compartments or
screens shielding some fixtures from view. A bathroom serving
a hotel guest room and a privacy toilet in small offices, stores
and similar locations are not included in this category.

[F] MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. See Section
902.1.

[F] MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. See Section
902.1.

MULTISTORY DWELUNG UNIT. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC]

See Chapter llA, Section 1107A.13-M.

NAILING, BOUNDARY. See Section 2302.1.
NAILING, EDGE. See Section 2302.1.
NAILING, FIELD. See Section 2302. 1.
NATURALLY DURABLE WOOD. See Section 2302.1.

Decay resistant. See Section 2302. 1 .

Termite resistant. See Section 2302.1.

NEWLY CONSTRUCTED. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See

Chapter llA, Section 1107A.14-N.

NEW PUBLIC SCHOOL CAMPUS [SFM] is an educational
institution established on or after July 1, 2002 that houses
and/or serves students from kindergarten through 12"' grade
(K-12) and is funded pursuant to the Education Code, com-
mencing with Section 17070.10.

NFPA [DSA-AC] is the National Fire Protection Association.

NONAMBULATORY PERSONS. See Section 310.

NONCOMBUSTIBLE, [SFM] as applied to building con-
struction material, means a material which, in the form in
which it is used, is either one of the following:

1. Material of which no part will ignite and bum when sub-
jected to fire. Any material passing ASTM 136 shall be
considered noncombustible.

2. Material having a structural base of noncombustible
material as defined in Item 1 above, with a surfacing ma-
terial not over Vg inch (3.2 mm) thick which has a
flame-spread rating of 50 or less.

"Noncombustible" does not apply to surface finish materi-
als. Material required to be noncombustible for reduced clear-
ances to fiues, heatirtg appliances or other sources of high
temperature shall refer to material conforming to Item 1. No
material shall be classed as noncombustible, which is subject
to increase in combustibility or flame spread rating, beyond the
limits herein established, through the effects of age, moisture or
other atmospheric condition.

NOMINAL LOADS. See Section 1602.1.

NOMINAL SIZE. (LUMBER). See Section 2302.1.

NONCOMBUSTIBLE MEMBRANE STRUCTURE. See

Section 3102.2.

NORMAL [HCD 1 & HCD 2] shall mean conforming to apat-
tem or standard regarded as usual or typical.

[F] NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(NTP). See Section 415.2.

NOSING (or NOSE). See Section 1002.1. [DSA-AC & HCD
1-AC] See Chapter llA, Section 1107A.14-N and Chapter
IIB, Section 1102B.

[F] NUISANCE ALARM. See Section 902.1.

OCCUPANCY CATEGORY. See Section 1602.1.

OCCUPANT LOAD. See Section 1002. 1 .

OCCUPIABLE SPACE. A room or enclosed space designed
for human occupancy in which individuals congregate for

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

amusement, educational or similar purposes or in which occu-
pants are engaged at labor, and which is equipped with means
of egress and light and ventilation facilities meeting the
requirements of this code.

OPEN PARKING GARAGE. See Section 406.3.2.

OPEN RISER. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-ACJ See Chapter llA,
Section 1107A.15-O, and Chapter 1 IB, Section- 1102B.

[F] OPEN SYSTEM. See Section 307.2.

OPERABLE PART. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section
1102B.

OPERATING BUILDING. See Section 307.2.

ORDINARY PRECAST STRUCTURAL WALL. See Sec-
tion 1908.1.3.

ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUC-
TURAL WALL. See Section 1908.1.3.

ORDINARY STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE
WALL. See Section 1908.1.3.

[F] ORGANIC PEROXIDE. See Section 307.2.

Class I. See Section 307.2.

Class n. See Section 307.2.

Class III. See Section 307.2.

Class TV. See Section 307.2.

Class V. See Section 307.2.

Unclassified detonable. See Section 307.2.

ORGANIZED CAMPS. [SFM] See Section 440.

ORTHOGONAL. See Section 1613.2.

OTHER STRUCTURES. See Section 1602.1.

OWNER. Any person, agent, firm or corporation having a
legal or equitable interest in the property.

[F] OXIDIZER. See Section 307.2.

Class 4. See Section 307.2.

Class 3. See Section 307.2.

Class 2. See Section 307.2.

Class 1, See Section 307.2.

[F] OXIDIZING GAS. See Section 307.2.

PANEL (PART OF A STRUCTURE), See Section 1602.1.

PANIC HARDWARE. See Section 1002.1.

PARTICLEBOARD. See Section 2302.1.

PASSAGE DOOR. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter 11 A,
Section 1107A.16-P, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

PASSENGER ELEVATOR. [DSA-AC] See "Elevator, pas-
senger" in Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

[HCD I & HCD 2] "Passenger elevator" is an elevator used
primarily to carry persons. For additional information, see
California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 7, Article 7-6,
Section 3009 of the 2001 California Building Code.

PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR [HCD 1] uses
architectural components, rather than mechanical compo-
nents, to provide heating or cooling for a building interior

PATH OF TRAVEL. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section
1102B.

PEDESTRIAN. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter llA,
Section 1107A.16-P, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

PEDESTRIAN GRADE SEPARATION. [DSA-AC] See

Chapter UB, Section 1102B.

PEDESTRIAN RAMP [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter
llA, Section 1107A3.16-P, and Chapter 1 IB, Section 1 102B.

PEDESTRIAN WAY. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter
llA, Section 1107 A, 16-P, and Chapter UB, Section 1102B.

PENETRATION FIRESTOP. See Section 702.1.

PENTHOUSE. See Section 1502.1.

PERMANENT [DSA-AC] shall mean facilities which, are
intended to be used for periods longer than those designated in
this code under the definition of "Temporary."

PERMANENT PORTABLE BUILDING [SFM] is a portable
building that is used to serve or house students and is certified
as a permanent building on a new public school campus by the
public school administration shall comply with the require-
ments of new campus buildings.

PERMIT. An official document or certificate issued by the
authority having jurisdiction which authorizes performance of
a specified activity.

PERSON. An individual, heirs, executors, administrators or
assigns, and also includes a firm, partnership or corporation, its
or thek successors or assigns, or the agent of any of the
aforesaid.

PERSONAL CARE SERVICE. See Section 310.2.

PERSONS WITH DISABLITIES. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC]

See Chapter llA, Section 1107A.16-P.

PHOTOLUMINESCENT [SFM] See Section 1002. ■

[F] PHYSICAL HAZARD. See Section 307.2.

[F] PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD
LEVEL. See Section 415.2.

PIER FOUNDATIONS. See Section 1808.1.

Belled piers. See Section 1808.1.
PILE FOUNDATIONS. See Section 1808.1.

Auger uncased piles. See Section 1808.1.

Caisson piles. See Section 1808.1.

Concrete-filled steel pipe and tube piles. See Section
1808.1.

Driven uncased piles. See Section 1808.1.

Enlarged base piles. See Section 1808.1.

Steel-cased piles. See Section 1808.1.

Timber piles. See Section 1808.1.

PINRAIL. See Section 410.2.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

PLASTIC, APPROVED. See Section 2602.1.

PLASTIC GLAZING. See Section 2602.1.

PLASTIC HINGE. See Section 2102.1.

PLATFORM. See Section 410.2.

PORTABLE BUILDING [SFM] is a classroom building or
structure of modular design and construction that houses
and/or serves students from kindergarten through twelfth
grade (K-12) and is fimded pursuant to the Education Code,
commencing with Section 1 7070.10 and meets all of the follow-
ing criteria:

• The portable building or structure is designed and con-
structed to be relocatable and transportable over public
streets.

• The portable building or structure is designed and con-
structed for relocation without detaching the roof or the
floor from the building or structure.

• The portable building or structure is sited upon a tempo-
rary foundation in a manner that is designed to permit
easy removal.

• The portable building or structure has a floor area of
2,000 square feet (186 m^) or less when measured from
the extent of the exterior walls.

• The portable building shall be removed within three years
of installation or the school administration may request a
three-year extension pursuant to Education Code Section
17074.54(a) and (b).

POSITIVE ROOF DRAINAGE. See Section 1502.1.

POWDER ROOM. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-ACJ See Chapter 1 lA,
Section 1107A.16-P.

POWER-ASSISTED DOOR [DSA-AC] is a door used for
human passage with a mechanism that helps to open the door,
or relieves the opening resistance of a door, upon the activation
of a switch or a continued force applied to the door itself.

PREFABRICATED WOOD I- JOIST. See Section 2302.1.

PRESERVATIVE-TREATED WOOD. See Section 2302.1.

PRESTRESSED MASONRY. See Section 2102.1.

PRIMARY ENTRY. [HCD 1-AC] See Chapter llA, Section
1107A.16-P.

PRIMARY ENTRY LEVEL. [HCD 1-AC] See Chapter 11 A,
Section 1107A.16-P.

PRIMARY FUNCTION. See Section 3402.1.

PRISM. See Section 2102.1.

PROFESSIONAL OFFICE OF A HEALTH CARE PRO-
VIDER. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

PROSCENIUM WALL. See Section 410.2.

PROTECTIVE SOCIAL CARE [SFM] is the housing and
care of any person of any age when such person is referred to or
placed within such home or facility for care and supervision
services by any governmental agency.

PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2]

includes, but is not limited to, any building or facility or other

specific public use facilities not listed in Items 1 through 12 if
they fall into one or more of the following categories:

1. Places of public lodging.

2. Establishments serving food or drink open to public
use.

3. Places of exhibition or entertainment open to public
use.

4. Places of public gathering.

5. Sales or rental establishments open to public use.

6. Service establishments open to public use.

7. Stations used for public transportation.

8. Places of public display or collection.

9. Places of public recreation.

10. Places of public education.

11. Social service center establishments open to the gen-
eral public.

12. Places of exercise or recreation open to public use.

Examples of public accommodations for purposes of this
code shall include, but not be limited to, the following private
entities:

1. An inn, hotel, motel or other place of public lodging, ex-
cept for a lodging house located within a building that
contains not more than five rooms for rent or hire and
that is actually occupied by the proprietor of such es-
tablishment as the residence of such proprietor.

2. A restaurant, bar or other establishment serving food
or drink.

3. A motion picture house, theater, concert hall, stadium
or other place of exhibition or entertainment.

4. An auditorium, convention center, lecture hall or other
place of public gathering.

5. A bakery, grocery store, clothing store, hardware store,
shopping center or other sales or retail establishment.

6. A laundromat, dry cleaner, bank, barber shop, beauty
shop, travel service, shoe repair service, funeral parlor,
gas station, office of an accountant or lawyer, phar-
macy, insurance office, professional office of a health
care provider, hospital or other service establishment.

7. A terminal, depot or other station used for specified
public transportation.

8. A museum, library, gallery or other place of public dis-
play or collection.

9. A park, zoo, amusement park or other place of recre-
ation.

10. A nursery, elementary, secondary, undergraduate or
postgraduate private school, or other place of educa-
tion.

11. A day care center, senior citizen center, homeless shel-
ter, food bank, adoption agency or other social service
center establishment.

12. A gymnasium, health spa, bowling alley, golf course or
other place of exercise.

13. A church.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

14. An office building.

15. A public curb or sidewalk.

PUBLIC ENTRANCE [HCD 1-AC] is an entrance that is not
a service entrance or a restricted entrance.

PUBLIC-USE AREAS. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chap-
ter llA, Section 1107A.16-P, and Chapter 1 IB, Section 1102B.

PUBLIC WAY. See Section 1002.1.

PUBLICLY FUNDED [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] for the

purpose of housing, all buildings, structures, sidewalks, curbs
and related facilities constructed in the state and used or
intended to be used as a public use area, as defined in Section
1107A.16-P, shall comply with the accessibility standards of
Chapter IIB of this code when state, county or municipal
funds, or funds of any political subdivision of the state are used.

[F] PYROPHORIC. See Section 307.2.

[F] PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION. See Section 307.2.

QUALIFIED HISTORICAL BUILDING (or PROPERTY).

[DSA-AC] See C.C.R. Title 24, Part 8.

RAIL TRANSIT BOARDING PLATFORM. [DSA-AC] See

"transit boarding platform" in Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

RAMP. See Section 1002.1.

[DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter II A, Section
1107A.18-R.

RAMP-ACCESS OPEN PARKING GARAGES. See Sec-
tion 406.3.2.

REASONABLE PORTION [DSA-AC] shall mean that seg-
ment of a building, facility, area, space or condition, which
would normally be necessary if the activity therein is to be
accessible by persons with disabilities.

RECOMMEND [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] does not require
mandatory acceptance, but identifies a suggested action that
shall be considered for the purpose of providing a greater
degree of accessibility to persons with disabilities.

[F] RECORD DRAWINGS. See Section 902. 1 .

REFERENCE RESISTANCE (Z) ). See Section 2302.1.

REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An individual
who is registered or licensed to practice their respective design
profession as defined by the statutory requirements of the pro-
fessional registration laws of the state or jurisdiction in which
the project is to be constructed.

REINFORCED PLASTIC, GLASS FIBER. See Section
2602.1.

RELIGIOUS WORSHIP, PLACE OR A building or portion
thereof intended for the performance of religious services.

REMODELING. [DSA-AC] See "Alteration or Alter."

REPAIR. The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an exist-
ing building for the purpose of its maintenance.

REQUIRED STRENGTH. See Sections 1602.1 and2102.1.

REROOFING. See Section 1502.1.

RESIDENTIAL AIRCRAFT HANGAR. See Section
412.3.1.

RESIDENTIAL CARE/ASSISTED LIVING FACILI-
TIES. See Section 310.2.

RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE CHRONI-
CALLY ILL (RCF/CI). See Section 310.

RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE ELDERLY
(RCFE). See Section 310.

RESIDENTIAL FACILITY (RF). See Section 310.

RESISTANCE FACTOR. See Section 1 602. 1 .

RESTRAINT [SFM] shall mean the physical retention of a
person within a room, cellar cell block by any means, or within
the exterior walls of a building by means of locked doors inop-
erable by the person restrained. "Restraint" shall also mean
the physical binding, strapping or similar restriction of any
person in a chair, walker, bed or other contrivance for the pur-
pose of deliberately restricting the free movement of ambula-
tory persons.

"Restraint" shall not be construed to include
nonambulatory persons nor shall it include the use of bandage
material, strip sheeting or other fabrics or materials (soft ties)
used to restrain persons in hospital-type beds or wheelchairs to
prevent injury, provided an approved method of quick release is
maintained. Facilities employing the use of soft ties, however,
shall be classified as a building used to house nonambulatory
persons.

"Restraint" shall not be practiced in licensed facilities clas-
sified as Group I-l, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies unless con-
structed as a Group 1-3 occupancy. For Group 1-3 occupancies
see Section 308.2.

RESTRICTED ENTRANCE [HCD 1, HCD 2 & HCD

1-AC] is an entrance that is made available for common use on
a controlled basis, but is not public use, and that is not a service
entrance.

RETRACTABLE AWNING. See Section 3105.2.

RISER. [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] See Chapter llA, Sec-
tion 1107A.18-R, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

ROOF ASSEMBLY. See Section 1502.1.

ROOF COVERING. See Section 1502.1.

ROOF COVERING SYSTEM. See Section 1502.1.

ROOF DECK. See Section 1502.1.

ROOF RECOVER. See Section 1502.1.

ROOF REPAIR. See Section 1502.1.

ROOF REPLACEMENT. See Section 1502.1.

ROOF VENTILATION. See Section 1502.1.

ROOFTOP STRUCTURE. See Section 1502.1.

RUBBLE MASONRY. See Section 2102.1.

Coursed rubble. See Section 2102.1.

Random rubble. See Section 2102.1.

Rough or ordinary rubble. See Section 2102.1.
RUNNING BOND. See Section 2102.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

RUNNING SLOPE. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section
1102B.

SANITARY FACILITY [DSA-AC, HCD I & HCD 2] is any

single water closet, urinal, lavatory, bathtub or shower, or a
combination thereof, together with the room or space in which
they are housed.

SCISSOR STAIR. See Section 1002.1.

SCUPPER. See Section 1502.1.

SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY. See Section 1613.2.

SEISMIC-FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEM. See Section
1613.2.

SELF-CLOSING. See Section 702.1.

SELF-LUMINOUS. See Section 1002.

[F] SERVICE CORRIDOR. See Section 415.2.

SERVICE ENTRANCE [HCD 1-AC] is an entrance
intended primarily for the delivery of goods or services.

SHAFT. See Section 702.1.

SHAFT ENCLOSURE. See Section 702.1.

SHALL [DSA-AC] as used in this code means mandatory.

SHEAR WALL. See Sections 2102.1 and 2302.1.

Detailed plain masonry sliear wall. See Section 2102.1.

Intermediate prestressed masonry shear wall. See Sec-
tion 2102.1.

Intermediate reinforced masonry shear wall. See Section
2102.1.

Ordinary plain masonry shear wall. See Section 2 1 02. 1 .

Ordinary plain prestressed masonry shear wall. See Sec-
tion 2102.1.

Ordinary reinforced masonry shear wall. See Section
2102.1.

Perforated shear wall. See Section 2302.1.

Perforated shear wall segment. See Section 2302.1.

Special prestressed masonry shear wall. See Section
2102.1.

Special reinforced masonry shear wall. See Section
2102.1.

SHELL. See Section 2102.1.

SHOPPING CENTER (or SHOPPING MALL). [DSA-AC &

HCD 2] See Chapter IIB, Section 1I02B.

SHOULD. [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] See "Recommend."

SIDEWALK [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] is a surfaced pedestrian
way contiguous to a street used by the public. (As differentiated
from the definition of "Walk" in Chapter 11 A, Section
1107A.23-W, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.)

SIGNAGE [DSA-AC] is displayed verbal, symbolic, tactile,
and/or pictorial information.

SINGLE-ACCOMMODATION SANITARY FACILITY
[DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] is a room that has not more than

one of each type of sanitary fixture, is intended for use by only
one person at a time, has no partition around the toilet and has
a door that can be locked on the inside by the room occupant.

SINGLE-PLY MEMBRANE. See Section 1502.1.

[F] SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. See Section
902.1.

SITE [DSA-AC, HCD 1 & HCD 2] is a parcel of land bounded
by a property line or a designated portion of a public
right-of-way.

SITE CLASS. See Section 1613.2.

SITE COEFFICIENTS. See Section 1613.2.

SITE DEVELOPMENT [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] is "on-site "
and "off-site" work, including, but not limited to, walks, side-
walks, ramps, curbs, curb ramps, parking facilities, stairs,
planting areas, pools, promenades, exterior gathering or
assembly areas and raised or depressed paved areas.

SKYLIGHT, UNIT. A factory-assembled, glazed fenestration
unit, containing one panel of glazing material that allows for
natural lighting through an opening in the roof assembly while
preserving the weather-resistant barrier of the roof.

SKYLIGHTS AND SLOPED GLAZING. Glass or other
transparent or translucent glazing material installed at a slope
of 15 degrees (0.26 rad) or more from vertical. Glazing mate-
rial in skylights, including unit skylights, solariums, sunrooms,
roofs and sloped walls, are included in this definition.

SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS. [DSA-AC & HCD

1-AC] See Chapter llA, Section 1107A.19-S, and Chapter
IIB, Section 1102B.

SLEEPING UNIT. A room or space in which people sleep,
which can also include permanent provisions for living, eating,
and either sanitation or kitchen facilities but not both. Such
rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not
sleeping units.

SLOPE. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter llA, Section
1107A.19-S

[F] SMOKE ALARM. See Section 902.1.

SMOKE BARRIER. See Section 702.1.

SMOKE COMPARTMENT. See Section 702.1.

SMOKE DAMPER. See Section 702. 1 .

[F] SMOKE DETECTOR. See Section 902.1.

SMOKE-DEVELOPED INDEX. See Section 802.1.

SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING. See Sec-
tion 1002.1.

SMOKEPROOF ENCLOSURE. See Section 902.1.

[F] SOLID. See Section 415.2.

SOUND TRANSMISSION ^CLASS (STC). [HCD 1] See
Chapter 12, Section 1207.2.

SPACE [DSA-AC & HCD 2] is a definable area, e.g., a room,
toilet room, hall, assembly area, entrance, storage room,
alcove, courtyard, or lobby.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

SPECIALACCESS LIFT. [DSA-AC&HCD-IAC] See Chap-
ter llA, Section 1107A.19-S, and Chapter 1 IB, SectionllOlB.

SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING. See Section 411.2.

SPECIAL INSPECTION. See Section 1702.1.

Special inspection, continuous. See Section 1702.1.

Special inspection, periodic. See Section 1702.1.

SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA. See Section 1612.2.

SPECIFIED. See Section 2102.1.

SPECIFIED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF
MASONRY if' J. See Section 2102.1.

SPECIFIED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. [DSA-AC] See
Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

SPLICE. See Section 702.1.

SPRAYED FIRE-RESISTANT MATERIALS. See Section
1702.1.

STACK BOND. See Section 2102.1.

STAGE. See Section 410.2.

STAIR. See Section 1002.1.

STAIRWAY. See Section 1002.1.

STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR. See Section 1002.1.

STAIRWAY, INTERIOR. See Section 1002.1.

STAIRWAY, SPIRAL. See Section 1002.1.

[F] STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OE See Section
902.1.

Class I system. See Section 902.1.

Class II system. See Section 902.1.

Class in system. See Section 902.1.
[F] STANDPIPE, TYPES OE See Section 902.1.

Automatic dry. See Section 902.1.

Automatic wet. See Section 902.1.

Manual dry. See Section 902.1.

Manual wet. See Section 902. 1 .

Semiautomatic dry. See Section 902. 1 .

START OF CONSTRUCTION. See Section 1612.2.

STATE-OWNED/LEASED BUILDING [SFM] is a building
or portion of a building that is owned, leased or rented by the
state. State-leased buildings shall include all required exits to a
public way serving such leased area or space. Portions of state-
leased buildings that are not leased or rented by the state shall
not be included within the scope of this section unless such por-
tions present an exposure hazard to the state-leased area or
space.

STEEL CONSTRUCTION, COLD-FORMED. See Section
2202.1.

STEEL JOIST. See Section 2202.1.

STEEL MEMBER, STRUCTURAL. See Section 2202.1.

STEEP SLOPE. A roof slope greater than two units vertical in
12 units horizontal (17-percent slope).

STONE MASONRY. See Section 2102.1.

Ashlar stone masonry. See Section 2102.1.

Rubble stone masonry. See Section 2102.1.

[F] STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. See Section
415.2.

STORY. The portion of a building included between the upper
surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor or roof next
above (also see "Mezzanine" and Section 502.1). It is mea-
sured as the vertical distance from top to top of two successive
tiers of beams or finished floor surfaces and, for the topmost
story, from the top of the floor finish to the top of the ceiling
joists, or where there is not a ceiling, to the top of the roof raf-
ters.

[DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

STORY ABOVE GRADE PLANE. Any story having its fin-
ished floor surface entirely above grade plane, except that a
basement shall be considered as a story above grade plane
where the finished surface of the floor above the basement is:

1. More than 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade plane; or

2. More than 12 feet (3658 mm) above the finished ground
level at any point.

STORY, FIRST. [DSA-AC] See Chapter 1 IB, Section 1102B.
STRENGTH. See Section 2102.1.

Design strength. See Section 2102.1.

Nominal strength. See Sections 1602.1 and 2102.1.

Required strength. See Sections 1602.1 and 2102.1.

STRENGTH DESIGN. See Section 1602.1.

STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE LUMBER. See Section
2302.1.

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL). See Section 2302.1.

Parallel strand lumber (PSL). See Section 2302.1.

STRUCTURAL FRAME. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Sec-
tion 1102B.

STRUCTURAL GLUED-LAMINATED TIMBER. See

Section 2302.1.

STRUCTURAL OBSERVATION. See Section 1702.1.
STRUCTURE. That which is built or constructed.
SUBDIAPHRAGM. See Section 2302.1.
SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE. See Section 1612.2.
SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT. See Section 1612.2.
SUNROOM ADDITION. See Section 1202.1.
[F] SUPERVISING STATION. See Section 902.1.
[F]SUPERVISORY SERVICE. See Section 902.1.
[F] SUPERVISORY SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.

[F] SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE. See

Section 902.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

SWIMMING POOLS. See Section 3109.2.

T RATING. See Section 702.1.

TACTILE [DSA-AC & HCD 2] describes an object that can be
perceived using the sense of touch.

TECHNICALLY INFEASIBLE. See Section 3402.

[DSA-AC] "Technically infeasible" means, with respect to
an alteration of a building or a facility, that it has little likeli-
hood of being accomplished because existing structural
conditions would require removing or altering a load-bear-
ing member which is an essential part of the structural
frame; or because other existing physical or site constraints
prohibit modification or addition of elements, spaces or fea-
tures which are in full and strict compliance with the mini-
mum requirements for new construction and which are
necessary to provide accessibility.

TEMPORARY [DSA-AC] shall mean buildings and facilities
intended for use at one location for not more than one year and
seats intended for use at one location for not more than 90
days.

TENT. Any stincture, enclosure or shelter which is con-
stincted of canvas or pliable material supported in any manner
except by air or the contents it protects.

TERMINALLY ILL. See Section 310.

TESTING AGENCY [HCD-1 & HCD- 2] means an agency
approved by the department as qualified and equippedfor test-
ing products, materials, equipment and installations in accor-
dance with nationally recognized standards. For additional
information, see Health and Safety Code Section 17920(m).

TEXT TELEPHONE. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section
1102B.

THERMAL ISOLATION. See Section 1202.1.

THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL. See Section 2602.1.

THERMOSETTING MATERIAL. See Section 2602.1.

THIN-BED MORTAR. See Section 2102.1.

THROUGH PENETRATION. See Section 702.1.

THROUGH-PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEM. See

Section 702.1.

TIE-DOWN (HOLD-DOWN). See Section 2302.1.

TIE, LATERAL. See Section 2102.1.

TIE, WALL. See Section 2102.1.

TILE. See Section 2102.1.

TILE, STRUCTURAL CLAY. See Section 2102.1.

[F] TIRES, BULK STORAGE OF. See Section 902.1.

TOEBOARD. [DSA-AC & HCD l-AC]See Chapter llA, Sec-
tion 1107A.20-T.

TOWNHOUSE. A single-family dwelling unit constructed in
a group of three or more attached units in which each unit

extends from the foundation to roof and with open space on at
least two sides.

[DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] For applications required to pro-
vide accommodations for persons with disabilities, see Chap-
ter 11 A, Section 1107A.20-T.

[F] TOXIC. See Section 307.2.

TRANSIENT. See Section 310.2.

TRANSIENT LODGING. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See
Chapter IIB, Section 1102B and Chapter llA, Section
1107A.20-T.

TRANSIT BOARDING PLATFORM. [DSA-AC] See Chap-
ter IIB, Section 1102B.

TREAD. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter llA, Section
1107A.20-T, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

TREAD DEPTH. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter 11 A,
Section 1107A.20-T, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

TREADRUN. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter llA, Sec-
tion 1107A.20-T, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

TREATED WOOD. See Section 2302.1.

TRIM. See Section 802.1.

[F] TROUBLE SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.

TYPE OF MOTOR FUEL. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIC, Sec-
tion IIOIC.I.

UNDERLAYMENT. See Section 1502.1.

UNREASONABLE HARDSHIP [DSA-AC] exists when the
enforcing agency finds that compliance with the building stan-
dard would make the specific work of the project affected by the
building standard unfeasible, based on an overall evaluation of
the following factors:

1. The cost of providing access.

2. The cost of all construction contemplated.

3. The impact of proposed improvements on financial feasi-
bility of the project.

4. The nature of the accessibility which would be gained or
lost.

5. The nature of the use of the facility under construction
and its availability to persons with diasbilities.

The details of any finding of unreasonable hardship shall be
recorded and entered in the files of the enforcing agency.

[F] UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIAL. See Section
307.2.

Class 4. See Section 307.2.

Class 3. See Section 307.2.

Class 2. See Section 307.2.

Class 1. See Section 307.2.

[F] USE (MATERIAL). See Section 415.2.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

DEFINITIONS

VAPOR-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE. A material or cover-
ing having a permeance rating of Sperms (52.9 X lO^^" kg/Pa • s ■
m^) or greater, when tested in accordance with the dessicant
method using Procedure A of ASTM E 96. A vapor-permeable
material permits the passage of moisture vapor.

VAPOR RETARDER. A vapor-resistant material, membrane
or covering such as foil, plastic sheeting or insulation facing
having a permeance rating of 1 perm (5.7 x 10"" kg/Pa ■ s ■ m^)
or less, when tested in accordance with the dessicant method
using Procedure A of ASTM E 96. Vapor retarders limit the
amount of moisture vapor that passes through a material or wall
assembly.

VEHICLE BARRIER SYSTEM. See Section 1602.1.

VEHICULAR OR PEDESTRIAN ARRIVAL POINTS.

[DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter llA, Section
1107A.22-V.

VEHICULAR WAY. [DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section
1102B.

VENEER. See Section 1402.1.

VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process of sup-
plying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing such
air from, any space.

VINYL SIDING. See Section 1402.1.

[F] VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLL^NCE.

See Section 902.1.

WAITING ROOM [SFM] is a room or area normally provided
with seating and used for persons waiting.

WALK. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] See Chapter llA, Section
1107A.23-W, and Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

WALKWAY, PEDESTRIAN. A walkway used exclusively as
a pedestrian trafficway.

WALL. See Section 2102.1.

Cavity wall. See Section 2102.1.

Composite wall. See Section 2102.1.

Dry-stacked, surface-bonded wall. See Section 2102.1.

Masonry-bonded hollow wall. See Section 2102.1.

Parapet wall. See Section 2102.1.

WALL, LOAD-BEARING. Any wall meeting either of the
following classifications:

1 . Any metal or wood stud wall that supports more than 1 00
pounds per Unear foot (1459 N/m) of vertical load in ad-
dition to its own weight.

2. Any masonry or concrete wall that supports more than
200 pounds per linear foot (2919 N/m) of vertical load in
addition to its own weight.

WALL, NONLOAD-BEARING. Any wall that is not a
load-bearing wall.

WALL PIER. See Section 1908.1.3.

[F] WATER-REACTIS^E MATERIAL. See Section 307.2.

Class 3. See Section 307.2.

Class 2. See Section 307.2.

Class 1. See Section 307.2.
WATER-RESISTIVE BARRIER. See Section 1402.
WEATHER-EXPOSED SURFACES. See Section 2502.1.
WEB. See Section 2102.1.

[F] WET-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See

Section 902.1.

WHEELCHAIR [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] is a chair mounted
on wheels to be propelled by its occupant manually or with the
aid of electric power, of a size and configuration conforming to
the recognized standard models of the trade.

WHEELCHAIR OCCUPANT (or WHEELCHAIR USER)

[DSA-AC] is an individual who, due to a physical impairment
or disability, utilizes a wheelchair for mobility.

WHEELCHAIR SPACE [HCD 1-AC] is space for a single
wheelchair and its occupant.

WIND-BORNE DEBRIS REGION. See Section 1609.2.

WINDER. See Section 1002.1.

WINERY CAVES. See Section 436.

WIRE BACKING. See Section 2502.1.

[F] WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM. See Section
902.1.

WOOD SHEAR PANEL. See Section 2302.1.

WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL. See Section 2302.1.

Composite panels. See Section 2302.1.

Oriented strand board (OSB). See Section 2302.1.

Plywood. See Section 2302.1.
[F] WORKSTATION. See Section 415.2.

[DSA-AC] See Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

WYTHE. See Section 2102.1.

YARD. An open space, other than a court, unobstructed from
the ground to the sky, except where specifically provided by
this code, on the lot on which a building is situated.

[F] ZONE. See Section 902.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

46 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 3 - USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

GEO

SLG

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

♦

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

♦

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

302.1

IBC

302.1

303,1

303.2

303.3

304.1

305.1

305.2

306.2

307.1

308.1

308.2

IBC

308.2

308.3

IBC

308.3

• X

308.3.1

308.3.2

308.4

308.4.6

Cell

CA ■

Cell Complex

Cell Tiers

Day Room

Dormitory

Holding Facility

Housing Unit

Restraint

308.5

IBC

308.5

CA ■

308.5.1

308,5.2

308.5.2.1

310.1

IBC

310.1

310.2

310.2 (Dormitory)

IBC

Aged Home or
Institution

Bedridden Person

Boarding House

IBC

1 1 1

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 3 - USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

♦

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

♦

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

Care and
Supervision

Catastrophically
Injured

Child-Care
Center

Child or Children

Chronically ill

Congregate
Living Health
(CLHF)

Daycare

Day-Care Home,
Large Family

Day-Care Home,
Small Family

Full-Time Care

Infant

Mentally
Retarded
Persons,
Profoundly or
Severely

Nonambulatory
Persons

Residential Care
Facility for the
Chronically III
(RCF/CI)

Residential Care
Facility for the
Elderly (RCFE)

Residential
Facility (RF)

Terminally III

310.3-310.3.6

The ♦ designation indicates that the Office of the State Fire IVIarshal's adoption of this chapter or
individual sections is applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 or DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 3

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

SECTION 301
GENERAL

301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall control the
classification of all buildings and structures as to use and occu-
pancy.

SECTION 302
CLASSIFICATION

302.1 GeneraL Structures or portions of structures shall be
classified with respect to occupancy in one or more of the
groups listed below. A room or space that is intended to be
occupied at different times for different purposes shall comply
with all of the requirements that are applicable. to each of the
purposes for which the room or space will be occupied. Struc-
tures with multiple occupancies or uses shall comply with Sec-
tion 508. Where a structure is proposed for a purpose that is not
specifically provided for in this code, such structure shall be
classified in the group that the occupancy most nearly resem-
bles, according to the fire safety and relative hazard involved.

1. Assembly (see Section 303): Groups A-1, A-2, A-3,
A-4 and A-5

2. Business (see Section 304): Group B

3. Educational (see Section 305): Group E

4. Factory and Industrial (see Section 306): Groups F-1
and F-2

5. High Hazard (see Section 307): Groups H-1, H-2, H-3,
H-4 and H-5

6. Institutional (see Section 308): Groups I-l, 1-2, 1-3 and
1-4

7. Mercantile (see Section 309): Group M

8. [SFM] Organized Camps (see Section 440) Group C

9. Research Laboratories (see Section 443) Group L

10. Residential (see Section 310): Grotips R-1, R-2, R-3,
i?-5.7andR-4

11. Storage (see Section 311): Groups S-1 and S-2

12. Utility andMiscellaneous(seeSection312): GroupU

[SFM] Existing buildings housing existing protective social
care homes or facilities established prior to 1972 (see Section
3413).

302.1.1 Reserved

302.1.2 Reserved

302.1.3 Pharmacies; veterinary facilities; bartering, cos-
metology, or electrolysis establishments; and acupuncture
offices. See Chapter 12.

SECTION 303
ASSEMBLY GROUP A

303.1 Assembly Group A. Assembly Group A occupancy
includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a
portion thereof, for the gathering of persons for purposes such
as civic, social or rehgious functions; recreation, food or drink
consumption; or awaiting transportation or motion picture and
television production studio sound stages, approved produc-
tion facilities and production locations.

Exceptions:

1. A building or tenant space used for assembly pur-
poses with an occupant load of less than 50 persons
shall be classified as a Group B occupancy.

2. A room or space used for assembly purposes with an
occupant load of less than 50 persons and accessory to
another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B
occupancy or as part of that occupancy.

3. A room or space used for assembly purposes that is
less than 750 square feet (70 m^) in area and is acces-
sory to another occupancy shall be classified as a
Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy.

Assembly occupancies shall include the following:

A-1 Assembly uses, usually with fixed seating, intended for
the production and viewing of the performing arts or
motion picture including, but not limited to:

Motion picture and television production studio

sound stages, approved production facilities and

production locations (with live audiences).

Motion picture theaters

Symphony and concert halls

Television and radio studios admitting an audience

Theaters

A-2 Assembly uses intended for food and/or drink con-
sumption including, but not liniited to:
Banquet halls
Night clubs
Restaurants
Taverns and bars

A-3 Assembly uses intended for worship, recreation or
amusement and other assembly uses not classified else-
where in Group A including, but not limited to:

Amusement arcades

Artgalleries

Bowhng alleys

Places of religious worship

Community halls

Courtrooms

Dance halls (not including food or drink consump-
tion)

Exhibition halls

Funeral parlors

Gymnasiums (without spectator seating)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating)

Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating)

Lecture halls

Libraries

Museums

Waiting areas in transportation terminals

Pool and billiard parlors

A-4 Assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor sporting
events and activities with spectator seating including,
but not limited to:

Arenas

Skating rinks

Swimming pools

Tennis courts

A-5 Assembly uses intended for participation in or viewing
outdoor activities including, but not limited to:
Amusement park structures
Bleachers
Grandstands
Stadiums

303.2 Fixed guideway transit systems. [SFMJ Fixed guideway
transit system buildings shall conform to the requirements of
this code for their occupancy classification in addition to the
provisions set forth in Section 433.

303.3 Subterranean spaces for winery facilities in natural or
manmade caves. [SFM] For fire and life safety requirements,
see Section 436.

SECTION 304
BUSINESS GROUP B

304.1 Business Group B. Business Group B occupancy
includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a
portion thereof, for office, professional or service-type transac-
tions, including storage of records and accounts. Business
occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Airport traffic control towers

Animal hospitals, kennels and pounds

Banks

Barber and beauty shops

Car wash

Civic administration

CUnic-outpatient [SFM] (not classified as Group 1-2.1)

Dry cleaning and laundries: pick-up and delivery stations
and self-service

Educational occupancies for students above the 12th grade

Electronic data processing

Laboratories: testing and research

Motor vehicle showrooms

Post offices

Print shops

Professional services (architects, attorneys, dentists, physi-
cians, engineers, etc.)

Radio and television stations

Telephone exchanges

Training and skill development not within a school or
academic program

SECTION 305
EDUCATIONAL GROUP E

305.1 Educational Group E. Educational Group E occupancy
includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a
portion thereof, by more than six persons at any one time for
educational purposes through the 12th grade. Religious educa-
tional rooms and religious auditoriums, which are accessory to
places of religious worship in accordance with Section 508.3. 1
and have occupant loads of less than 100, shall be classified as
A-3 occupancies.

Exception: [SFM] A residence used as a home school for
the children who normally reside at the residence. Such resi-
dences shall remain classified as Group R-2 or Group R-3
occupancies.

305.2 Day care. The use of a building or structure, or portion
thereof, for educational, supervision or personal care services
for more than six children older than 21/2 years of age, shall be
classified as a Group E occupancy.

Exception: [SFM] A day-care facility not otherwise classi-
fied as an R-3 occupancy, where occupants are not capable
of responding to an emergency situation without physical
assistance from the staff, shall be classified as Group 1-4.

SECTION 306
FACTORY GROUP F

306.1 Factory Industrial Group F. Factory Industrial Group
F occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or
structure, or a portion thereof, for assembUng, disassembling,
fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or pro-
cessing operations that are not classified as a Group H hazard-
ous or Group S storage occupancy.

306.2 Factory Industrial F-1 Moderate-Iiazard Occupancy.

Factory industrial uses which are not classified as Factory
Industrial F-2 Low Hazard shall be classified as F-1 Moderate
Hazard and shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Aircraft

Appliances

Athletic equipment

Automobiles and other motor vehicles

Bakeries

Beverages; over 12-percent alcohol content

Bicycles

Boats

Brooms or brushes

Business machines

Cameras and photo equipment

Canvas or similar fabric

Carpets and rugs (includes cleaning)

Clothing

Construction and agricultural machinery

Disinfectants

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

Dry cleaning and dyeing

Electric generation plants

Electronics

Engines (including rebuilding)

Food processing

Furniture

Hemp products

Jute products

Laundries

Leather products

Machinery

Metals

Millwork (sash & door)

[SFM] Motion picture and television production studio
sound stages, approved production facilities and produc-
tion locations (without live audiences)

Musical instruments

Optical goods

Paper mills or products

Photographic film

Plastic products

Printing or publishing

Recreational vehicles

Refuse incineration

Shoes

Soaps and detergents

Textiles

Tobacco

Trailers

Upholstering

Wood; distillation

Woodworking (cabinet)

306.3 Factory Industrial F-2 Low-hazard occupancy. Fac-
tory industrial uses that involve the fabrication or manufactur-
ing of noncombustible materials which during finishing,
packing or processing do not involve a significant &e hazard
shall be classified as F-2 occupancies and shall include, but not
be limited to, the following:

Beverages; up to and including 12-percent alcohol content

Brick and masonry

Ceramic products

Foundries

Glass products

Gypsum

Ice

Metal products (fabrication and assembly)

306.4 Places of meat and poultry inspection. [ARG]

306.4.1 Meat and poultry processing plants. [ARG] See

Section 1240.

306.4.2 Collection centers and facilities. [ARG] See Sec-
tion 1241.

306.4.3 Renderers. [ARG] See Section 1242.

306.4.4 Horsemeat and pet food establishments, [ARG]

See Section 1243.

SECTION 307
HIGH-HAZARD GROUP H

[F] 307.1 High-hazard Group H. High-hazard Group H occu-
pancy includes, among others, the use of a building or struc-
ture, or a portion thereof, that involves the manufacturing,
processing, generation or storage of materials that constitute a
physical or health hazard in quantities in excess of those
allowed in control areas constructed and located as required in
Section 414. Hazardous uses are classified in Groups H-1, H-2,
H-3, H-4 and H-5 and shall be in accordance with this section,
the requirements of Section 415 and the California Fire Code.

Exceptions: The following shall not be classified in Group
H, but shall be classified in the occupancy that they most
nearly resemble:

1. Buildings and structures that contain not more than
the maximum allowable quantities per control area
of hazardous materials as shown in Tables 307.1(1)
and 307. 1 (2), provided that such buildings are main-
tained in accordance with the California Fire Code.

2. Buildings utilizing control areas in accordance with
Section 414.2 that contain not more than the maxi-
mum allowable quantities per control area of haz-
ardous materials as shown in Tables 307.1(1) and
307.1(2).

3. Buildings and structures occupied for the applica-
tion of flammable finishes, provided that such build-
ings or areas conform to the requirements of Section
416 and the California Fire Code.

4. Wholesale and retail sales and storage of flanamable
and combustible liquids in mercantile occupancies
conforming to the California Fire Code.

5. Closed piping system containing flammable or
combustible liquids or gases utiHzed for the opera-
tion of machinery or equipment.

6. Cleaning establishments that utilize combustible
liquid solvents having a flash point of 140°F (60°C)
or higher in closed systems employing equipment
Usted by an approved testing agency, provided that
this occupancy is separated from all other areas of
the building by 1-hour fire barriers or 1-hour hori-
zontal assemblies or both.

7. Cleaning establishments that utilize a liquid solvent
having a flash point at or above 200°F (93°C).

8 . Liquor stores and distributors without bulk storage.

9. Refrigeration systems.

10. The storage or utilization of materials for agricul-
tural purposes on the premises.

11. Stationary batteries utilized for facility emergency
power, uninterrupted power supply or telecommu^
nication facilities, provided that the batteries are
provided with safety venting caps and ventilation is
provided in accordance with the California Me-
chanical Code.

12. Corrosives shall not include personal or household
products in their original packaging used in retail
display or commonly used building materials.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

13. Buildings and structures occupied for aerosol stor-
age shall be classified as Group S-1, provided that
such buildings conform to the requirements of the
California Fire Code.

14. Display and storage of nonflammable solid andnon-
flammiable or noncombustible liquid hazardous ma-
terials in quantities not exceeding the maximum
allowable quantity per control area in Group M or S
occupancies complying with Section 414.2.5.

15. The storage of black powder, smokeless propellant
and small arms primers in Groups M and R-3 and
special industrial explosive devices in Groups B, F,
M and S, provided such storage conforms to the
quantity limits and requirements prescribed in the
California Fire Code.

16. [SFM] Group L occupancies as defined in Section
443.1.

307.1.1 Hazardous materials. Hazardous materials in any
quantity shall conform to the requirements of this code,
including Section 414, and the California Fire Code.

[F] 307.2 Definitions. The following words and terms shall,
for the purposes of this section and as used elsewhere in this
code, have the meanings shown herein.

AEROSOL. A product that is dispensed from an aerosol con-
tainer by a propellant.

Aerosol products shall be classified by means of the calcula-
tion of their chemical heats of combustion and shall be desig-
nated Level 1,2 or 3.

Level 1 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical heat
of combustion that is less than or equal to 8,600 British ther-
mal units per pound (Btu/lb) (20 kJ/g).

Level 2 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical heat
of combustion that is greater than 8,600 Btu/lb (20 kJ/g), but
less than or equal to 13,000 Btu/lb (30 kJ/g).

Level 3 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical heat
combustion that is greater than 13,000 Btu/lb (30 kJ/g).

AEROSOL CONTAINER. A metal can or a glass or plastic
bottle designed to dispense an aerosol. Metal cans shall be Um-
ited to a maximum size of 33.8 fluid ounces (1,000 ml). Glass
or plastic bottles shall be limited to a maximum size of 4 fluid
ounces (118 ml).

BALED COTTON. A natural seed fiber wrapped in and
secured with industry accepted materials, usually consisting of
burlap, woven polypropylene, polyethylene or cotton or sheet
polyethylene, and secured with steel, synthetic or wire bands or
wire; also includes linters (lint removed from the cottonseed)
and motes (residual materials from the ginning process).

BALED COTTON, DENSELY PACKED. Cotton made into
banded bales with a packing density of at least 22 pounds per
cubic foot (360 kg/m'), and dimensions complying with the
following: a length of 55 inches (1397 ± 20 mm), a width of 21
inches (533.4 ± 20 mm) and aheight of 27.6 to 35.4 inches (701
to 899 mm).

BARRICADE. A structure that consists of a combination of
walls, floor and roof, which is designed to withstand the rapid
release of energy in an explosion and which is fiaUy confined,
partially vented or fully vented; or other effective method of
shielding from explosive materials by a natural or artificial bar-
rier.

Artificial barricade. An artificial mound or revetment a
minimum thickness of 3 feet (914 mm).

Natural barricade. Natural features of the ground, such as
hills, or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding
exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the
magazine or building containing explosives when the trees
are bare of leaves.

BOILING POINT. The temperature at which the vapor pres-
sure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure of 14.7 pounds
per square inch (psi) (101 kPa) gage or 760 mm of mercury.
Where an accurate boiling point is unavailable for the material
in question, or for mixtures which do not have a constant boil-
ing point, for the purposes of this classification, the 20-percent
evaporated point of a distillation performed in accordance with
ASTM D 86 shall be used as the boiling point of the liquid.

CLOSED SYSTEM. The use of a solid or liquid hazardous
material involving a closed vessel or system that remains
closed during normal operations where vapors emitted by the
product are not liberated outside of the vessel or system and the
product is not exposed to the atmosphere during normal opera-
tions; and all uses of compressed gases. Examples of closed
systems for solids and liquids include product conveyed
through a piping system into a closed vessel, system or piece of
equipment.

COMBUSTIBLE DUST. Finely divided sohd material that is
420 microns or less in diameter and which, when dispersed in
air in the proper proportions, could be ignited by a flame, spark
or other source of ignition. Combustible dust will pass through
a U.S. No. 40 standard sieve.

COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS. Readily ignitable and free-burn-
ing materials in a fibrous or shredded form, such as cocoa fiber,
cloth, cotton, excelsior, hay, hemp, henequen, istle, jute, kapok,
oakum, rags, sisal, Spanish moss, straw, tow, wastepaper, cer-
tain synthetic fibers or other like materials. This definition does
not include densely packed baled cotton.

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. A Hquid having a closed cup
flash point at or above 100°F (38°C). Combustible liquids shall
be subdivided as follows:

Class n. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or above
100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C).

Class IDA. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or
above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).

Class lllB. Liquids having a closed clip flash point at or
above 200°F(93°C).

The category of combustible hquids does not include com-
pressed gases or cryogenic fluids.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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[F] TABLE 307.1(1)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARD^- '•

m, n, p

MATERIAL

CLASS

GROUP WHEN

THE MAXIMUM

ALLOWABLE

QUANTITY IS

EXCEEDED

STORAGE"

USE-CLOSED SYSTEMS"

USE-OPEN SYSTEMS"

Solid pounds
(cubic feet)

Liquid gallons
(pounds)

Gas

(cubic feet

at NTP)

Solid pounds
(cubic feet)

Liquid gallons
(pounds)

Gas

(cubic feet

at NTP)

Solid pounds
(cubic feet)

Liquid gallons
(pounds)

Combustible liquid*^- '

n
mA

lllB

H-2orH-3
H-2orH-3

N/A

120"' =
.330"''=
13,200=-'

N/A

120"

330"

13,200'

N/A

30"

80"

3,300'

Combustible fiber

Loose baled"

H-3

(100)
(1,000)

N/A

(100)
(1,000)

N/A

(20)
(200)

N/A

Consumer fireworks (Class
C, Common)

1.4G

H-3

125". e.i

N/A

Cryogenics flammable

N/A

H-2

N/A

45"

N/A

45"

N/A

10"

Cryogenics, oxidizing

N/A

H-3

N/A

45"

N/A

45"

N/A

10"

Explosives

Division 1.1
Division 1.2
Division 1.3
Division 1.4
Division 1.4G
Division 1.5
Division 1.6

H-1
H-1
H-1 or 2
H-3
H-3
H-1
H-1

p,g

ie,g
5e.g

SO^'S
125"'=''

ie,g
I'i.e.g

(l)e.g
(l)e.g
(5)=- 8

(50)"=- 8
N/A

(l)e.g

N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

0.258
0.258

508
N/A
0.258
N/A

(0.25)8
(0.25)8

(1)8

(50)8

N/A

(0.25)8

N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

0.258
0.258

N/A
N/A
0.258
N/A

(0.25)8
(0.25)8

(1)8

N/A

(0.25)8

N/A

Flammable gas

Gaseous
liquefied

H-2

N/A

N/A
30"''

1,000".'=

N/A

N/A
30". <=

1,000"- =
N/A

N/A

Flammable liquid"

lA IB and IC

H-2
or H-3

N/A

30"'"=
120"- =

N/A

30"
120"

N/A

10"
30"

Combination flammable
liquid (lA, IB, IC)

N/A

H-2
or H-3

N/A

120". ^.h

■ N/A

N/A

1204 h

N/A

30"- h

Flammable solid

N/A

H-3

125"-'=

N/A

125"

N/A

25"

N/A

Organic peroxide

UD
I

n
m

IV
V

H-1
H-2
H-3
H-3

N/A
N/A

ie,g
5d.e

50"-'=

125''' =

(l)e.g

(5)".^
(50)"- <=
(125)"- =

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

0.258
1" .
50"
125"
N/L
N/L

(0.25)8

(1)

(50)"

(125)"

N/L

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

0.258
1"
10"
25"
NL
NL

(0.25)8
(1)^
(10)"
(25)"
NL
NL

Oxidizer

4
3k

2
1

H-1

H-2 or H-3

H-3

N/A

ie,g
10d,e

250"'^
4,000='f

(l)e.g

(10)"'=
(250)"''^
(4,000)'='f

N/A

■ N/A

N/A

0.258

250"

4,000'

(0.25)8

(2)"
(250)"
(4,000)'

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

0.258

50"
1,000'

(0.25)8
(2)"
(50)"

(1,000)'

Oxidizing gas

Gaseous
liquefied

H-3

N/A
N/A

N/A
15".=

1,500"' =
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
IS-s.^

1,500"- =
N/A

N/A
N/A

(continued)

[F] TABLE 307.1(1)— continued
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARD"- <■"■'<■■'

o
o

■n
O
3)

MATERIAL

CLASS

GROUP WHEN

THE MAXIMUM

ALLOWABLE

QUANTITY IS

EXCEEDED

STORAGE"

USE-CLOSED SYSTEMS"

USE-OPEN SYSTEMS"

Solid pounds
(cubic feet)

Liquid gallons
(pounds)

Gas

(cubic feet

atNTP)

Solid pounds
(cubic feet)

Liquid gallons
(pounds)

Gas

(cubic feet

at NTP)

Solid pounds
(cubic feet)

Liquid gallons
(pounds)

Pyrophoric material

N/A

H-2

4e,g

(4)e.g

50^ s

(l)i

10'=. g

Unstable (reactive)

4
3
2
1

H-1

H-lorH-2

H-3

N/A

p-g
54 e

50''' =

(l)e,g

(5)".'=
(SO)"*-'

IOI.S

50*'

250"-'

N/L

0.258

50''

(0.25)8

(1)
(50)0

N/L

2=' 8
10<i.e

250"-'
NL

0.258

10"

(0.25)8
(1)"
(10)"

Water reactive

3
2
1

H-2
H-3

N/A

5d.e
50d.e

(so-i-^

N/A
N/A
N/A

5"
50"
NL

(5)"
(50)0
NL

N/A
N/A
N/A

1"
10"
NL

(1)"
(10)"

>
z

O
O
O

>
Z

0)
CO

For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.023 m^ 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
NL = Not Limited; N/A = Not Applicable; UD = Unclassified Detonable

a. For use of control areas, see Section 414.2.

b. The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage.

c. The quantities of alcoholic beverages in retail and wholesale sales occupancies shall not be limited providing the liquids are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1 .3 gallons. In retail and wholesale sales
occupancies, the quantities of medicines, foodstuffs, consumer or industrial products, and cosmetics containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids with the remainder of the solutions not
being flammable, shall not be limited, provided that such materials are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons.

d. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903 .3. 1 . 1 .Where Note e also applies, the increase for
both notes shall be applied accumulatively.

e. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, day boxes, gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or safety cans. Where Note d also appUes, the increase for
both notes shall be applied accumulatively.

f. The permitted quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

g. Permitted only in bmldings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
h. Containing not more than the maximum allowable quantity per control area of Class lA, IB or IC flammable liquids.

i. Inside a building, the maximum capacity of a combustible liquid storage system that is connected to a fuel-oil piping system shall be 660 gallons provided such system complies with the California Fire Code.

j. Quantities in parenthesis indicate quantity units in parenthesis at the head of each column.

k. A maximum quantity of 200 pounds of solid or 20 gallons of liquid Class 3 oxidizers is allowed when such materials are necessary for maintenance purposes, operation or sanitation of equipment. Storage contain-
ers and the manner of storage shall be approved.

1. Net weight of the pyrotechnic composition of the iireworks. Where the net weight of the pyrotechnic composition of the fireworks is not known, 25 percent of the gross weight of the fireworks, including packaging,
shall be used.

m. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 2703. 1 .2 of the California Fire Code.

n. For storage and display quantities in Group M and storage quantities in Group S occupancies complying with Section 414.2.5, see Tables 414.2.5(1) and 414.2.5(2).

o. Densely packed baled cotton that complies with the packing requirements of ISO 81 15 shall not be included in this material class.

p. The following shall not be included in determining the maximum allowable quantities:

1. Liquid or gaseous fuel in fiiel tanks on vehicles.

2. Liquid or gaseous fuel in fuel tanks on motorized equipment operated in accordance with this code.

3. Gaseous fuels in piping systems and fixed appliances regulated by the California Mechanical Code.

4. Liquid fiiels in piping systems and fixed appliances regulated by the California Mechanical Code.

Q
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USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

[F] TABLE 307.1(2)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POSING A HEALTH HAZARD^"'''

MATERIAL

STORAGE"

USE-CLOSED SYSTEIVIS"

USE-OPEN SYSTEIVIS"

Solid pounds^' '

Liquid gallons
(pounds)^''

Gas (cubic feet
at NTP)'

Solid pounds^

Liquid gallons
(pounds)^

Gas (cubic feet
at NTP)^

Solid pounds^

Liquid gallons
(pounds)^

Corrosive

5,000

500

SlOf'S

5,000

500

SlQf'S

1,000

100

Highly toxic

(10)'

20''

(10)'

20"

(3)'

Toxic

500

(500)'

SlQf

500

(500)'

810f

125

(125)'

For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.028 m^ 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.

a. For use of control areas, see Section 414.2.

b. In retail and wholesale sales occupancies, the quantities of medicines, foodstuffs, consumer or industrial products, and cosmetics, containing not more than 50 per-
cent by volume of water-miscible Uquids and with the remainder of the solutions not being flammable, shall not be limited, provided that such materials are pack-
aged in individual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons.

c. For storage and display quantities in Group M and storage quantities in Group S occupancies complying with Section 414.2.4, see Table 414.2.4(1).

d. The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity Usted for storage.

e. Quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Where Note f also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.

f. Quantities shall be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures as specified in the California Fire Code.
Where Note e also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.

g. A single cylinder containing 1 50 pounds or less of anhydrous ammonia in a single control area in a nonsprinklered building shall be considered a maximum allow-
able quantity. Two cylinders, each containing 1 50 pounds or less in a single control area, shall be considered a maximum allowable quantity provided the building
is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

h. Allowed only when stored in approved exhausted gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures as specified in the California Fire Code.

i. Quantities in parenthesis indicate quantity units in parenthesis at the head of each column.

j. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 2703.1.2 of ih& California Fire Code.

COMPRESSED GAS. A material, or mixture of materials
which:

1. Is a gas at 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 pounds per square
inch atmosphere (psia) (101 kPa) or pressure; and

2. Has a boiUng point of 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 psia
(101 kPa) which is either liquefied, nonliquefied or in so-
lution, except those gases which have no other health- or
physical-hazard properties are not considered to be com-
pressed until the pressure in the packaging exceeds 41
psia (282 kPa) at 68°F (20°C).

The states of a compressed gas are categorized as follows:

1. Nonliquefied compressed gases are gases, other than
those in solution, which are in a packaging under the
charged pressure and ai-e entirely gaseous at a tempera-
ture of 68°F(20°C).

2. Liquefied compressed gases are gases that, in a packag-
ing under the charged pressure, are partially liquid at a
temperature of 68°F (20°C).

3 . Compressed gases in solution are nonliquefied gases that
are dissolved in a solvent.

4. Compressed gas mixtures consist of a mixture of two or
more compressed gases contained in a packaging, the
hazard properties of which afe represented by the proper-
ties of the mixture as a whole.

CONTROL AREA. Spaces within a building where quanti-
ties of hazardous materials not exceeding the maximum allow-
able quantities per control area are stored, dispensed, used or
handled. See also the definition of "Outdoor control area" in
the California Fire Code.

CORROSIVE. A chemical that causes visible destruction of,
or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at
the point of contact. A chemical shall be considered corrosive

if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the method
described in DOTn 49 CFR, Part 173137, such a chemical
destroys or changes irreversibly the structure of the tissue at the
point of contact following an exposure period of 4 hours. This
term does not refer to action on inanimate surfaces.

CRYOGENIC FLUID. A liquid having a boiling point lower
than -150°F (-101°C) at 14.7 pounds per square inch atmo-
sphere (psia) (an absolute pressure of 101 kPa).

DAY BOX. A portable magazine designed to hold explosive
materials constructed in accordance with the requirements for
a Type 3 magazine as defined and classified in Chapter 33 of
the California Fire Code.

DEFLAGRATION. An exothermic reaction, such as the
extremely rapid oxidation of a flammable dust or vapor in air,
in which the reaction progresses through the unburned material
at a rate less than the velocity of sound. A deflagration can have
an explosive effect.

DETACHED BUILDING. A separate single-story building,
without a basement or crawl space, used for the storage or use
of hazardous materials and located an approved distance from
all structures.

DETONATION. An exothermic reaction characterized by the
presence of a shock wave in the material which establishes and
maintains the reaction. The reaction zone progresses through
the material at a rate greater than the velocity of sound. The
principal heating mechanism is one of shock compression.
Detonations have an explosive effect.

DISPENSING. The pouring or transferring of any material
from a container, tank or similar vessel, whereby vapors, dusts,
fumes, mists or gases ai'e liberated to the atmosphere.

EXPLOSIVE. Any chemical compound, mixture or device,
the primary or common purpose of which is to function by

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

explosion. The term includes, but is not limited to, dynamite,
black powder, pellet powder, initiating explosives, detonators,
safety fuses, squibs, detonating cord, igniter cord, igniters and
display fireworks, 1.3G (Class B, Special).

The term "explosive" includes any material determined to be
within the scope of USC Title 1 8 : Chapter 40 and also includes
any material classified as an explosive other than consumer
fireworks, 1.4G (Class C, Common) by the hazardous materi-
als regulations of DOTn 49 CFR.

High explosive. Explosive material, such as dynamite,
which can be caused to detonate by means of a No. 8 test
blasting cap when unconfined.

Low explosive. Explosive material that will bum or defla-
grate when ignited. It is characterized by a rate of reaction
that is less than the speed of sound. Examples of low explo-
sives include, but are not limited to, black powder; safety
fuse; igniters; igniter cord; fuse lighters; fireworks, 1.3G
(Class B, Special) and propellants, 1.3C.

Mass-detonating explosives. Division 1.1, 1.2 and 1.5
explosives alone or in combination, or loaded into various
types of ammunition or containers, most of which can be
expected to explode virtually instantaneously when a small
portion is subjected to fire, severe concussion, impact, the
impulse of an initiating agent or the effect of a considerable
discharge of energy from without. Materials that react in
this manner represent a mass explosion hazard. Such an
explosive will normally cause severe structural damage to
adjacent objects. Explosive propagation could occur imme-
diately to other items of ammunition and explosives stored
sufficiently close to and not adequately protected from the
initially exploding pile with a time interval short enough so
that two or more quantities must be considered as one for
quantity-distance purposes.

UN/DOTn Class 1 explosives. The former classification
system used by DOTn included the terms "high" and "low"
explosives as defined herein. The following terms further
define explosives under the current system applied by
DOTn for all explosive materials defined as hazard Class 1
materials. Compatibility group letters are used in concert
with the division to specify further limitations on each divi-
sion noted (i.e., the letter G identifies the material as a pyro-
technic substance or article containing a pyrotechnic
substance and similar materials).

Division 1.1. Explosives that have a mass explosion haz-
ard. A mass explosion is one which affects almost the
entire load instantaneously.

Division 1.2. Explosives that have a projection hazard
but not a mass explosion hazard.

Division 1.3. Explosives that have a fire hazard and
either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard
or both, but not a mass explosion hazard.

Division 1.4. Explosives that pose a minor explosion
hazard. The explosive effects are largely confined to the
package and no projection of fragments of appreciable
size or range is to be expected. An external fire must not
cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the
entire contents of the package.

Division 1.5. Very insensitive explosives. This division
is comprised of substances that have a mass explosion
hazard, but that are so insensitive there is very little prob-
ability of initiation or of transition from burning to deto-
nation under normal conditions of transport.

Division 1.6. Extremely insensitive articles which do not
have a mass explosion hazard. This division is comprised
of articles that contain only extremely insensitive deto-
nating substances and which demonstrate a negUgible
probability of accidental initiation or propagation.

FIREWORKS. Any composition or device for the purpose of
producing a visible or audible effect for entertainment pur-
poses by combustion, deflagration or detonation that meets the
definition of 1.4G fireworks or 1.3G fireworks as set forth
herein.

FIREWORKS, 1.3G. (Formerly Class B, Special Fireworks.)
Large fireworks devices, which are explosive materials,
intended for use in fireworks displays and designed to produce
audible or visible effects by combustion, deflagration or deto-
nation. Such 1 .3G fireworks include, but are not limited to, fire-
crackers containing more than 130 miUigrams (2 grains) of
explosive composition, aerial shells containing more than 40
grams of pyrotechnic composition, and other display pieces
which exceed the limits for classification as 1.4G fireworks.
Such 1.3G fireworks are also described as fureworks, UN0335
by the DOTn.

FIREWORKS, 1.4G. (Formerly Class C, Common Fire-
works.) Small fireworks devices containing restricted amounts
of pyrotechnic composition designed primarily to produce vis-
ible or audible effects by combustion. Such 1.4G fireworks
which comply with the construction, chemical composition
and labeling regulations of the DOTn for fireworks, IJN0336,
and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as
set forth in CPSC 16 CFR: Parts 1500 and 1507, are not explo-
sive materials for the purpose of this code.

FLAMMABLE GAS. A material that is a gas at 68°F (20°C)
or less at 14.7 pounds per square inch atmosphere (psia) (101
kPa) of pressure [a material that has a boiling point of 68°F
(20°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101 kPa)] which:

1 . Is ignitable at 14.7 psia (101 kPa) when in amixture of 13
percent or less by volume with air; or

2. Has a flammable range at 14.7 psia (101 kPa) with air of
at least 12 percent, regardless of the lower limit.

The hmits specified shall be determined at 1 4.7 psi ( 1 1 kPa)
of pressure and a temperature of 68°F (20°C) in accordance
with ASTME 681.

FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS. A hquefied compressed
gas which, under a charged pressure, is partially liquid at a tem-
perature of 68°F (20°C) and which is flammable.

FLAMMABLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed cup flash
point below 100°F (38°C). Flammable liquids are further cate-
gorized into a group known as Class I liquids. The Class I cate-
gory is subdivided as follows:

Class lA. Liquids having a flash point below 73°F (23°C)
and a boiling point below 100°F (38°C).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

Class IB, Liquids having a flash point below VST (23°C)
and a boiling point at or above 100°F (38°C).

Class IC. Liquids having a flash point at or above 73°F
(23°C) and below 100°F (38°C).

The category of flammable liquids does not include com-
pressed gases or cryogenic fluids.

FLAMMABLE MATERL^L, A material capable of being
readily ignited from common sources of heat or at a tempera-
ture of 600°F (316°C) or less.

FLAMMABLE SOLID. A solid, other than a blasting agent
or explosive, that is capable of causing fire through friction,
absorption or moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or
retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which has
an ignition temperature below 212°F (100°C) or which bums
so vigorously and persistently when ignited as to create a seri-
ous hazard. A chemical shall be considered a flammable solid
as determined in accordance with the test method of CPSC 16
CFR; Part 1500.44, if it ignites and burns with a self-sustained
flame at a rate greater than 0. 1 inch (2.5 mm) per second along
its major axis.

FLASH POINT. The minimum temperature in degrees Fahr-
enheit at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapors to form
an ignitable mixture with air near the surface or in the con-
tainer, but will not sustain combustion. The flash point of a liq-
uid shall be determined by appropriate test procedure and
apparatus as specified in ASTM D 56, ASTM D 93 or ASTM D
3278.

HANDLING. The deliberate transport by any means to a point
of storage or use.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Those chemicals or sub-
stances that are physical hazards or health hazards as defined
and classified in this section and the California Fire Code,
whether the materials are in usable or waste condition.

HEALTH HAZARD. A classification of a chemical for which
there is statistically significant evidence that acute or chronic
health effects are capable of occurring in exposed persons. The
term "health hazard" includes chemicals that are toxic or
highly toxic, and corrosive.

HIGHLY TOXIC. A material which produces a lethal dose or
lethal concentration that falls within any of the following cate-
gories:

1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50
miUigrams or less per kilogram of body weight when ad-
ministered orally to albino rats weighing between 200
and 300 grams each.

2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200
milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when ad-
ministered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if
death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino
rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.

3 . A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LCjq)
in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or
vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume or
dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1
hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats
weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.

Mixtures of these materials with ordinary materials, such as
water, might not warrant classification as highly toxic; While
this system is basically simple in application, any hazard evalu-
ation that is required for the precise categorization of this type
of material shall be performed by experienced, technically
competent persons.

INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. Materials that, when
mixed, have the potential to react in a manner that generates
heat, fumes, gases or byproducts which are hazardous to life or
property.

OPEN SYSTEM. The use of a solid or Uquid hazardous mate-
rial involving a vessel or system that is continuously open to the
atmosphere during normal operations and where vapors are
liberated, or the product is exposed to the atmosphere during
normal operations. Examples of open systems for solids and
liquids include dispensing from or into open beakers or con-
tainers, dip tank and plating tank operations.

OPERATING BUILDING. A building occupied in conjunc-
tion with the manufacture, transportation or use of explosive
materials. Operating buildings are separated from one another
with the use of intraplant or intraline distances.

ORGANIC PEROXIDE. An organic compound that contains
the bivalent -0-0- structure and which may be considered to be
a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both
of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an organic radi-
cal. Organic peroxides can pose an explosion hazard (detona-
tion or deflagration) or they can be shock sensitive. They can
also decompose into various unstable compounds over an
extended period of time.

Class I. Those formulations that are capable of deflagration
but not detonation.

Class H. Those formulations that burn very rapidly and that
pose a moderate reactivity hazard.

Class III. Those formulations that burn rapidly and that
pose a moderate reactivity hazard.

Class IV. Those formulations that burn in the same manner
as ordinary combustibles and that pose a minimal reactivity
hazard.

Class V. Those formulations that bum with less intensity
than ordinary combustibles or do not sustain combustion
and that pose no reactivity hazard.

Unclassified detonable. Organic peroxides that are capable
of detonation. These peroxides pose an extremely high
explosion hazard through rapid explosive decomposition.

OXIDIZER. A material that readily yields oxygen or other
oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate com-
bustion of combustible materials. Examples of other oxidizing
gases include bromine, chlorine and fluorine.

Class 4. An oxidizer that can undergo an explosive reaction
due to contamination or exposure to thermal or physical
shock. Additionally, the oxidizer will enhance the burning
rate and can cause spontaneous ignition of combustibles.

Class 3. An oxidizer that will cause a severe increase in the
burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

in contact or that will undergo vigorous self-sustained
decomposition due to contamination or exposure to heat.

Class 2. An oxidizer that will cause a moderate increase in
the burning rate or that causes spontaneous ignition of com-
bustible materials with which it comes in contact.

Class 1. An oxidizer whose primary hazard is that it slightly
increases the burning rate but which does not cause sponta-
neous ignition when it comes in contact with combustible
materials.

OXIDIZING GAS. A gas that can support and accelerate
combustion of other materials.

PHYSICAL HAZARD. A chemical for which there is evi-
dence that it is a combustible hquid, compressed gas, cryo-
genic, explosive, flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable
solid, organic peroxide, oxidizer, pyrophoric or unstable (reac-
tive) or water-reactive material.

PYROPHORIC. A chemical with an autoignition tempera-
ture in air, at or below a temperature of 130°F (54.4°C).

PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION. A chemical mixture
that produces visible light displays or sounds through a
self-propagating, heat-releasing chemical reaction which is
initiated by ignition.

TOXIC. A chemical falling within any of the following cate-
gories:

1 . A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more
than 50 milligrams per kilogram, but not more than 500
milligrams per kilogram of body weight when adminis-
tered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300
grams each.

2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LDjq) of more
than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not more than
1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when ad-
ministered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if
death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino
rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.

3 . A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50)
in air of more than 200 parts per million but not more
than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or
more than 2 milligrams per liter but not more than 20 mil-
ligrams per liter of mist, fume or dust, when adminis-
tered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death
occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between
200 and 300 grams each.

UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIAL. A material, other
than an explosive, which in the pure state or as commercially
produced, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense
or become self-reactive and undergo other violent chemical
changes, including explosion, when exposed to heat, friction or
shock, or in the absence of an inhibitor, or in the presence of
contaminants, or in contact with incompatible materials.
Unstable (reactive) materials are subdivided as follows:

Class 4. Materials that in themselves are readily capable of
detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reac-
tion at normal temperatures and pressures. This class
includes materials that are sensitive to mechanical or local-
ized thermal shock at normal temperatures and pressures.

Class 3. Materials that in themselves are capable of detona-
tion or of explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but
which require a strong initiating source or which must be
heated under confinement before initiation. This class
includes materials that are sensitive to thermal or mechani-
cal shock at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Class 2. Materials that in themselves are normally unstable
and readily undergo violent chemical change but do not det-
onate. This class includes materials that can undergo chemi-
cal change with rapid release of energy at normal
temperatures and pressures, and that can undergo violent
chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Class 1. Materials that in themselves are normally stable but
which can become unstable at elevated temperatures and
pressure.

WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL. A material that
explodes; violently reacts; produces flanmiable, toxic or other
hazardous gases; or evolves enough heat to cause autoignition
or ignition of combustibles upon exposure to water or mois-
ture. Water-reactive materials are subdivided as follows:

Class 3. Materials that react explosively with water without
requiring heat or confinement.

Class 2. Materials that react violently with water or have the
ability to boil water. Materials that produce flammable,
toxic or other hazardous gases or evolve enough heat to
cause autoignition or ignition of combustibles upon expo-
sure to water or moisture.

Class 1. Materials that react with water with some release of
energy, but not violently.

[F] 307.3 High-hazard Group H-1. Buildings and structures
containing materials that pose a detonation hazard shall be
classified as Group H-1. Such materials shall include, but not
be limited to, the following:

Explosives:

Division 1.1
Division 1.2
Division 1.3

Exception: Materials that are used and maintained in
a form where either confinement or configuration will
not elevate the hazard from a mass fire to mass explo-
sion hazard shall be allowed in H-2 occupancies.

Division 1.4

Exception: Articles, including articles packaged for
shipment, that are not regulated as an explosive under
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms regula-
tions, or unpackaged articles used in process opera-
tions that do not propagate a detonation or
deflagration between articles shall be allowed in H-3
occupancies.

Division 1.5
Division 1.6

Organic peroxides, unclassified detonable

Oxidizers, Class 4

Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 3 detonable and Class 4

Detonable pyrophoric materials

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

[F] 307.4 High-hazard Group H-2. Buildings and structures
containing materials that pose a deflagration hazard or a hazard
from accelerated burning shall be classified as Group H-2.
Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the follow-
ing:

Class I, II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids which
are used or stored in normally open containers or systems,
or in closed containers or systems pressurized at more than
15 psi (103.4 kPa) gage.

Combustible dusts

Cryogenic fluids, flammable

Flammable gases

Organic peroxides. Class I

Oxidizers, Class 3, that are used or stored in normally
open containers or systems, or in closed containers or
systems pressurized at more than 15 psi (103 kPa)
gage

Pyrophoric liquids, solids and gases, nondetonable

Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 3, nondetonable

Water-reactive materials. Class 3

[F] 307.5 High-hazard Group H-3. Buildings and structures
containing materials that readily support combustion or that
pose a physical hazard shall be classified as Group H-3. Such
materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Class I, II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids that are
used or stored in normally closed containers or systems
pressurized at 15 pounds per square inch gauge (103.4
kPa) or less

Combustible fibers, other than densely packed baled cotton

Consumer fireworks, 1.4G (Class C, Common)

Cryogenic fluids, oxidizing

Flammable solids

Organic peroxides. Class II and in

Oxidizers, Class 2

Oxidizers, Class 3, that are used or stored in normally closed
containers or systems pressurized at 15 pounds per
square inch gauge (103 kPa) or less

Oxidizing gases

Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 2

Water-reactive materials. Class 2 '

[F] 307.6 High-hazard Group H-4. Buildings and structures
which contain materials that are health hazards shall be classi-
fied as Group H-4. Such materials shall include, but not be lim-
ited to, the following:

Corrosives

Highly toxic materials

Toxic materials

[F] 307.7 High-hazard Group H-5 structures. Semiconduc-
tor fabrication facilities and comparable research and develop-
ment areas in which hazardous production materials (HPM)
are used and the aggregate quantity of materials is in excess of
those listed in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2) shall be classified
as Group H-5. Such facilities and areas shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with Section 415.8.

[F] 307.8 Multiple hazards. Buildings and structures contain-
ing a material or materials representing hazards that are classi-
fied in one or more of Groups H-1, H-2, H-3 and H-4 shall

conform to the code requirements for each of the occupancies
so classified.

SECTION 308
INSTITUTIONAL GROUP I

308.1 Institutional Group I. Institutional Group I occupancy
includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a
portion thereof, in which people are cared for or live in a super-
vised environment, having physical limitations because of
health or age are harbored for medical treatment or other care
or treatment, or in which people are detained for penal or cor-
rectional purposes or in which the liberty of the occupants is
restricted. Institutional occupancies shall be classified as
Group I- 1 , 1-2, 1-3 or 1-4. Restraint shall not be permitted in any
building except in Group 1-3 occupancies constructed/or such
use (see Section 308.4).

Where occupancies house both ambulatory and nonambula-
tory persons, the more restrictive requirements shall apply.

308.2 Group I-l. This occupancy shall include buildings,
structures or parts thereof housing clients, on a 24-hour basis,
who because of age, mental disability or other reasons, live in a
supervised residential environment that provides personal care
services.

This occupancy may contain more than six nonambulatory
and/or bedridden clients. (See Section 425, Special Provisions
For Licensed 24-Hour Care Facilities in a Group I-l, R-3.1, or
R-4 Occupancy). This group shall include, but not be Umited
to, the following:

Assisted living facilities such as: Residential Care Facilities,
Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE's), Adult
Residential Facilities, Congregate Living Health facilities,
Group homes, Residential Care Facilities for the Chronically
III, and Congregate Living Health Facilities for the Terminally
III.

Social rehabilitation facilities such as: Halfway houses,
Community Correctional Centers, Community Correction
Reentry Centers, Community Treatment Programs, Work Fur-
lough Programs, and Alcoholism or drug abuse recovery or
treatment facilities.

308.3 Group 1-2. This occupancy shall include buildings and
structures used for medical, surgical, psychiatric, nursing or
custodial care on a 24-hour basis for more than six persons who
are classified as nonambulatory or bedridden. This group shall
include, but not be limited to, the following:

Hospitals

Nursing homes (both intermediate care facilities and skilled

nursing facilities)
Mental hospitals
Detoxification facilities

308.3.1 Child care facility. A child care facility that pro-
vides care on a 24-hour basis to more than six children 2V2
years of age or less shall be classified as Group 1-2.

308.3.2 Group 1-2.1 ambulatory care facility. A healthcare
facility that receives persons for outpatient medical care
that may render the patient incapable of unassisted

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

self-preservation and where each tenant space accommo-
dates more than five such patients.

308.4 Group 1-3. This occupancy shall include buildings or
portions of buildings and structures that are inhabited by one or
more persons who are under restraint. An 1-3 facility is occu-
pied by persons who are restrained. This group shall include,
but not be limited to, the following:

Prisons
Jails

Reformatories
Detention centers
Correctional centers
Juvenile Halls

Buildings of Group 1-3 shall be classified as one of the
occupancy conditions indicated in Sections 308.4. 1 through
308.4.5 (see Section 408.1).

308.4.1 Condition 1. This occupancy condition shall
include buildings in which free movement is allowed from
sleeping areas, and other spaces v^'here access or occupancy
is permitted, to the exterior via means of egress without
restraint. A Condition 1 facility is permitted to be con-
structed as Group R.

308.4.2 Condition 2. This occupancy condition shall
include buildings in which free movement is allowed fi:om
sleeping areas and any other occupied smoke compartment
to one or more other smoke compartments. Egress to the
exterior is impeded by locked exits.

308.4.3 Condition 3. This occupancy condition shall
include buildings in which free movement is allowed within
individual smoke compartments, such as within a residen-
tial unit comprised of individual sleeping units and group
activity spaces, where egress is impeded by remote-con-
trolled release of means of egress firom such a smoke com-
partment to another smoke compartment.

308.4.4 Condition 4. This occupancy condition shall
include buildings in which free movement is restricted from
an occupied space. Remote-controlled release is provided to
permit movement from sleeping units, activity spaces and
other occupied areas within the smoke compartment to
other smoke compartments.

308.4.5 Condition 5. This occupancy condition shall
include buildings in which free movement is restricted from
an occupied space. Staff-controlled manual release is pro-
vided to permit movement from sleeping units, activity
spaces and other occupied areas within the smoke compart-
ment to other smoke compartments.

308.4.6 Definitions.

For the purpose of this chapter, certain terms are defined
as follows:

CELL is a housing unit in a detention or correctional facil-
ity for the confinement of not more than two inmates or pris-
oners.

CELL COMPLEX is a cluster or group of cells or dormito-
ries in a jail, prison or other detention facility, together with
rooms used for accessory purposes, all of which open into

the cell complex, and are used for functions such as dining,
counseling, exercise, classrooms, sick call, visiting,. storage,
staff offices, control rooms or similar functions, and inter-
connecting corridors all within the cell complex.

CELL TIERS are cells, dormitories and accessory spaces.
Cell tiers are located one level above the other, and do not
exceed two levels per floor A cell tier shall not be consid-
ered a story or mezzanine.

DAY ROOM is a room which is adjacent to a cell, or cell tier,
or dormitory and which is used as a dining, exercise or other
activity room for inmates.

DORMITORY is an area occupied by no less than three
inmates.

HOLDING FACILITY means a detention or correctional
facility or area where inmates, staff and public are not
housed but are restrained.

HOUSING UNIT is an area intended to lodge inmates on a
24-hour basis where accommodations are provided for
sleeping.

RESTRAINT shall mean the physical retention of a person
within a room, cell or holding facility by any means, or
within a building by means of locked doors.

308.5 Group 1-4, day care facilities. This group shall include
buildings and structures occupied by persons of any age who
receive custodial care for less than 24 hours by individuals
other than parents or guardians, relatives by blood, marriage or
adoption and in a place other than the home of the person cared
for. A facility such as the above with six or fewer persons shall
be classified as a Group R-3. Places of worship during religious
functions are not included.

308.5.1 Adult care facility. A facility that provides accom-
modations for less than 24 hours for more than six unrelated
adults and provides supervision and personal care services
shall be classified as Group 1-4.

308.5.2 Cliild care facility. A facility that provides supervi-
sion and personal care on less than a 24-hour basis for more
than six children 2 '4 years of age or less shall be classified as
Group 1-4.

Exception: A child day care facility that provides care
for more than six but no more than 1 00 children 2 Vj years
or less of age, when the rooms where such children are
cared for are located on the level of exit discharge and
each of these child care rooms has an exit door directly to
the exterior, shall be classified as Group E.

308.5.2.1 Special provisions. See Section 442.4 for
daycares located above or below the first story.

SECTION 309
MERCANTILE GROUP M

309.1 Mercantile Group M. Mercantile Group M occupancy
includes, among others, buildings and structures or a portion
thereof, for the display and sale of merchandise, and involves
stocks of goods, wares or merchandise incidental to such pur-

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

poses and accessible to the public. Mercantile occupancies
shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Department stores

Drug stores

Markets

Motor fuel-dispensing facilities

Retail or wholesale stores

Sales rooms

309.2 Quantity of hazardous materials. The aggregate quan-
tity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or
noncombustible liquid hazardous materials stored or displayed
in a single control area of a Group M occupancy shall not
exceed the quantities in Table 414.2.5(1).

SECTION 310
RESIDENTIAL GROUP R

310.1 Residential Group R. Residential Group R includes,
among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion
thereof, for sleeping purposes when not classified as an Institu-
tional Group I. Residential occupancies shall include the fol-
lowing:

R-1 Residential occupancies containing sleeping units
where the occupants are primarily transient in nature,
including:

Boarding houses (transient)

Hotels (transient)

Motels (transient)

[HCD 1] Efficiency dwelling units (transient)

R-2 Residential occupancies containing sleeping units or
more than two dwelling units where the occupants are
primarily permanent in nature, including:

Apartment houses

Boarding houses (not transient)

Convents

Dormitories

Fraternities and sororities

Hotels (nontransient)

Monasteries

Motels (nontransient)

Vacation timeshare properties

[HCD 1] Efficiency dwelling units (nontransient)

Congregate living facilities with 16 or fewer occu-
pants are permitted to comply with the construction
requirements for Group R-3.

R-3 Residential occupancies where the occupants are pri-
marily permanent in nature and not classified as Group
R-1, R-2, R-3.1, R-4 or I, including:

Buildings other than townhouses that do not contain

more than two dwelling units.
Townhouses not more than three stories above grade

in height with a separate means of egress.
[SFM] Adult care facilities that provide accommoda-
tions for clients of any age for less than 24 hours.
Licensing categories that may use this classification
include, but are not limited to: Adult Day-care Facili-
ties, Adult Day-support Center

[SFM] Child care facilities that provide accommoda-
tions for clients of any age for less than 24 hours.
Licensing categories that may use this classification
include, but are not limited to:
Family Day-care Homes, Day-care Center for
Mildly III Children, Infant Care Center and
School Age Child Day-care Center
Congregate living facilities with 1 6 or fewer persons.

R-3.1. [SFM] This occupancy group may include facilities
licensed by a governmental agency for a residen-
tially based 24-hour care facility providing accom-
modations for six or fewer clients of any age. Clients
may be classified as ambulatory, nonambulatory or
bedridden. A Group R-3. 1 occupancy shall meet the
requirements for construction as defined for Group
R-3, except as otherwise provided for in Section 425,
Special Provisions For Licensed 24-Hour Care Fa-
cilities in a Group I- 1, R-3.1 or R-4 Occupancy. This
group may include:

Adult Residential Facilities

Congregate Living Health Facilities

Foster Family Homes

Group Homes

Intermediate Care Facilities for the Developmen-
tally Disabled Habilitative

Intermediate Care Facilities for the Developmen-
tally Disabled Nursing

Nurseries for the full-time care of children under
the age of six, but not including "infants" as
defined in Section 310

Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly

Small Family Homes and Residential Care Facili-
ties for the Chronically III

Exception: Group Homes licensed by the
Department of Social Services which provide
nonmedical board, room and care for six or
fewer ambulatory children or children two
years of age or younger, and which do not have
any nonambulatory clients shall not be subject
to regulations found in Section 425.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13143 with respect to these exempted facilities, no
city, county, or public district shall adopt or enforce
any requirement for the prevention of fire or for the
protection of life and property against fire and panic
unless the requirement would be applicable to a
structure regardless of the special occupancy. Noth-
ing shall restrict the application of state or local
housing standards to such facilities if the standards
are applicable to residential occupancies and are
not based on the use of the structure as a facility for
ambulatory children. For the purpose of this excep-
tion, "ambulatory children" does not include rela-
tives of the licensee or the licensee's spouse.

R-4 Residential occupancies shall include buildings ar-
ranged for occupancy as residential care/assisted living
facilities including more than six ambulatory clients,
excluding staff.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

Group R-4 occupancies shall meet the require-
ments for construction as defined for Group R-3,
except as otherwise provided for in this code.

This occupancy classification may include a maxi-
mum six nonambulatory or bedridden clients (see Sec-
tion 425, Special Provisions For Licensed 24-Hour Care
Facilities in a Group I-l, R-3.1, or R-4 Occupancy).
Group R-4 occupancies shall include the following:

Assisted living facilities such as: Residential care
facilities, Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly
(RCFE's), Adult Residential Facilities, Congregate Liv-
ing Health facilities, and Group homes.

Social rehabilitation facilities such as: Halfway
houses. Community Correctional Centers, Community
Correction Reentry Centers, Community Treatment Pro-
grams, Work Furlough Programs, and Alcoholism or
drug abuse recovery or treatment facilities.

310.2 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this section and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

AGED HOME OR INSTITUTION [SFM] is a facility used
for the housing of persons 65 years of age or older in need of
care and supervision. (See definition of "Care and supervi-
sion. ")

BEDRIDDEN PERSON [SFM] means a person, requiring
assistance in turning and repositioning in bed, or being unable
to independently transfer to and from bed, except in facilities
with appropriate and sufficient care staff, mechanical devices if
necessary, and safety precautions as determined in Title 22 reg-
ulations, by the Director of Social Services or his or her desig-
nated representative.

The Director of Social Services or his or her designated rep-
resentative shall make the determination of the bedridden sta-
tus of persons with developmental disabilities, in consultation
with the Director of Developmental Services or his or her des-
ignated representative.

The Director of Social Services or his or her designated rep-
resentative shall make the determination of the bedridden sta-
tus of all other persons with disabilities who are not
developmentally disabled.

BOARDING HOUSE. A building arranged or used for lodg-
ing for compensation, with or without meals, and not occupied
as a single-family unit.

CARE AND SUPERVISION [SFM] means any one or more
of the following activities provided by a person or facility to
meet the needs of the clients:

Assistance in dressing, grooming, bathing and other per-
sonal hygiene.

Assistance with taking medication.

Central storage and/or distribution of medications.

Arrangement of and assistance with medical and dental
care.

Maintenance of house rules for the protection of clients.

Supervision of client schedules and activities.

Maintenance and/or supervision of client cash resources or
property.

Monitoring of food intake or special diets.

Providing basic services required by applicable law and
regulation to be provided by the licensee in order to obtain
and maintain a community-care facility license.

CATASTROPHICALLY INJURED, [SFM] as termed, means
a person whose origin of disability was acquired through
trauma or nondegenerative neurologic illness, for whom it has
been determined by the Department of Health Services Certifi-
cation and Licensing that active rehabilitation would be bene-
ficial.

CHILD-CARE CENTER [SFM] is any facility of any capac-
ity other than a large or small family day-care home as defined
in these regulations in which less than 24-hour-per-day
nonmedical supervision is provided for children in a group set-
ting.

CHILD OR CHILDREN [SFM] is a person or persons under
the age of 18 years.

CHRONICALLY ILL [B] [SFM] See "Terminally ill."

CONGREGATE LIVING HEALTH FACILITY (CLHF),

[SFM] as termed, is a residential home with a capacity of no
more than six beds, which provides inpatient care, including
the following basic services: medical supervision, 24-hour
skilled nursing and supportive care, pharmacy, dietary, social
recreational, and at least provides services for persons who are
diagnosed with a terminal illness or who are catastrophically
and severely disabled.

CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITIES. A building or part
thereof that contains sleeping units where residents share bath-
room and/or kitchen facilities.

CONGREGATE RESIDENCE [SFM] is any building or por-
tion thereof that contains facilities for living, sleeping and san-
itation, as required by this code, and may include facilities for
eating and cooking, for occupancy by other than a family. A
congregate residence may be a shelter, convent, monastery,
dormitory, fraternity or sorority house, but does not include
jails, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels or lodging houses.

DAY CARE [SFM] shall, for the purposes of these regulations,
mean the care of persons during any period of a 24-hour day
where permanent sleeping accommodations are not provided.

Note: "Day care" shall not be construed to preclude the use
of cots or mats for napping purposes, provided all employ-
ees, attendants and staff personnel are awake and on duty in
the area where napping occurs.

DAY-CARE HOME, LARGE FAMILY [SFM] is a provider's
own home which is licensed to provide day care for periods less
than 24 hours per day for nine to 14 persons, including chil-
dren under the age of 10 years who reside at the home.

DAY-CARE HOME, SMALL FAMILY [SFM] is a home
which provides family day care to eight or fewer children,
including children under the age of 10 years who reside at the
home, in the provider's own home, for periods of less than 24
hours per day. Small-family day-care homes are exemptedfrom
state fire and life safety regulations other than those state and

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

local standards applicable to Group R, Division 3 occupan-
cies. [See Health and Safety Code, Section 13143 (b).]

DORMITORY. A space in a building where group sleeping
accommodations are provided in one room, or in a series of
closely associated rooms, for persons not members of the same
family group, under joint occupancy and single management,
as in college dormitories or fraternity houses.

FULL-TIME CARE [B][SFM] shall mean the establishment
and routine care of persons on an hourly, daily, weekly,
monthly, yearly or permanent basis, whether for 24 hours per
day or less, and where sleeping accommodations are provided.

INFANT, [B] [SFM] for the purpose of these regulations, shall
mean any child who because of age only, is unable to walk and
requires the aid of another person to evacuate the building. In
no case shall the term "infant" mean a child beyond two years
of age.

MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS, PROFOUNDLY OR
SEVERELY [B] [SFM] shall mean any retarded person who is
unable to evacuate a building unassisted during emergency
conditions.

Note: The determination as to such incapacity shall be
made by the Director of the State Department of Public
Health or his or her designated representative pursuant to
Health and Safety Code Section 13131.3.

NONAMBULATORY PERSONS [B] [SFM] are persons
unable to leave a building unassisted under emergency condi-
tions. It includes, but is not limited to, persons who depend on
mechanical aids such as crutches, walkers and wheelchairs
and any person who is unable to physically and mentally
respond to a sensory signal approved by the State Fire Marshal
or an oral instruction relating to fire danger.

The determination of ambulatory or nonambulatory status of
persons with developmental disabilities shall be made by the
Director of Social Services or his or her designated representa-
tive, in consultation with the director of Developmental Ser-
vices or his or her designated representative. The
determination of ambulatory or nonambulatory status of all
other disabled persons placed after January 1, 1984, who are
not developmentally disabled shall be made by the Director of
Social Services or his or her designated representative.

RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE CHRONI-
CALLY ILL (RCF/CI) [SFM] as termed, means a housing
arrangement with a maximum capacity of 25 residents that
provides a range of services to residents who have chronic,
life-threatening illnesses.

RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE ELDERLY
(RCFE) [SFM] as defined in Health and Safety Code Section
1569.2, shall mean a facility with a housing arrangement cho-
sen voluntarily by persons 60 years of age or over, or their
authorized representative, where varying levels and intensities
of care and supervision, protective supervision or personal
care are provided, based on their varying needs, as determined
in order to be admitted and to remain in the facility. Persons
under 60 years of age with compatible needs, as determined by

the Department of Social Services in regulations, may be
allowed to be admitted or retained in a residential care facility
for the elderly.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13133, regula-
tions of the state fire marshal pertaining to Group R, Division 2
occupancies classified as Residential Facilities (RF) and Resi-
dential Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall apply uni-
formly throughout the state and no city, county, city and county,
including a charter city or charter county, or fire protection
district shall adopt or enforce any ordinance or local rule or
regulation relating to fire andpanic safety which is inconsistent
with these regulations. A city, county, city and county, including
a charter city or charter county may pursuant to Health and
Safety Code Section 13143.5, or afire protection district may
pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13869.7, adopt
standards more stringent than those adopted by the state fire
marshal that are reasonably necessary to accommodate local
climate, geological, or topographical conditions relating to
roof coverings for Residential-Care Facilities for the Elderly.

RESIDENTIAL FACILITY (RF) [SFM] as defined in Section
1502 of the Health and Safety Code, shall mean any family
home, group care facility, or similar facility determined by the
director of Social Services, for 24-hour nonmedical care of
persons in need of personal services, supervision, or assis-
tance essential for sustaining the activities of daily living or for
the protection of the individual. Such facilities include small
family homes and social rehabilitation facilities.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13133, regula-
tions of the State Fire Marshal pertaining to Group R Occupan-
cies classified as Residential Facilities (RF) and Residential
Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall apply uniformly
throughout the state and no city, county, city and county,
including a charter city or charter county, or fire protection
district shall adopt or enforce any ordinance or local rule or
regulation relating to fire andpanic safety which is inconsistent
with these regulations. A city, county, city and county, including
a charter city or charter county may pursuant to Health and
Safety Code Section 13143.5, or a fire protection district may
pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13869.7, adopt
standards more stringent than those adopted by the state fire
marshal that are reasonably necessary to accommodate local
climate, geological, or topographical conditions relating to
roof coverings for Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly.

TERMINALLY ILL [SFM] as termed for an individual,
means the individual has a life expectancy of six months or less
as stated in writing by his or her attending physician and sur-
geon.

TRANSIENT. Occupancy of a dwelling unit or sleeping unit
for not more than 30 days.

310.3 Large-family day care homes. [SFM]

310.3.1 For purposes of clarification. Health and Safety
Code Section 1597.46 is repeated.

(a) A city, county, or city and county shall not prohibit
large-family day-care homes on lots zoned for sin-

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

gle-family dwellings, but shall do one of the follow-
ing:

(1) Classify these homes as a permitted use of res-
idential property for zoning purposes.

(2) Grant a nondiscretionary permit to use a lot
zoned for a single-family dwelling to any
large-family day care home that complies
with local ordinances prescribing reasonable
standards, restrictions, and requirements
concerning spacing and concentration, traffic
control, parking, and noise control relating to
such homes, and complies with subdivision
(d) and any regulations adopted by the State
Fire Marshal pursuant to that subdivision.
Any noise standards shall be consistent with
local noise ordinances implementing the
noise element of the general plan and shall
take into consideration the noise level gener-
ated by children. The permit issued pursuant
to this paragraph shall be granted by the zon-
ing administrator, if any, or if there is no zon-
ing administrator by the person or persons
designated by the planning agency to grant
such permits, upon the certification without a
hearing.

(3) Require any large-family day care home to
apply for a permit to use a lot zoned for sin-
gle-family dwellings. The zoning administra-
tor, if any, or if there is no zoning
administrator, the person or persons desig-
nated by the planning agency to handle the
use permits shall review and decide the appli-
cations. The use permit shall be granted if the
large-family day care home complies with lo-
cal ordinances, if any, prescribing reasonable
standards, restrictions, and requirements
concerning spacing and concentration, traffic
control, parking, and noise control relating to
such homes, and complies with subdivision
(d) and any regulations adopted by the State
Fire Marshal pursuant to that subdivision.

Any noise standards shall be consistent with lo-
cal noise ordinances implementing the noise ele-
ment of the general plan and shall take into
consideration the noise levels generated by chil-
dren.

The local government shall process any re-
quired permit as economically as possible, and
fees charged for review shall not exceed the costs
of the review and permit process. Not less than 10
days prior to the date on which the decision will be
made on the application, the zoning administrator
or person designated to handle such use permits
shall give notice of the proposed use by mail or de-
livery to all owners shown on the last equalized as-
sessment roll as owning real property within a
100-foot (30 480 mm) radius of the exterior bound-
aries of the proposed large-family day care home.
No hearing on the application for a permit issued

pursuant to this paragraph shall be held before a
decision is made unless a hearing is requested by
the applicant or other affected person. The appli-
cant or other affected person may appeal the deci-
sion. The appellant shall pay the cost, if any, of the
appeal.

(b) A large-family day-care home shall not be subject to
the provisions of Division 13 (commencing with
Section 21000) of the Public Resources Code.

(c) Use of a single-family dwelling for the purposes of a
large-family day care home shall not constitute a
change of occupancy for purposes of Part 1.5 (com-
mencing with Section 17910) of Division 13 (State
Housing Law), or for purposes of local building and
fire codes.

(d) Large-family day care homes shall be considered as
single-family residences for the purposes of the
State Uniform Building Standards Code and local
building and fire codes, except with respect to any
additional standards specifically designed to pro-
mote the fire and life safety of the children in these
homes adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant
to this subdivision.

310.3.2 Smoke alarm. Large-family day care homes shall
be equipped with State Fire Marshal approved and listed
single-station residential-type smoke alarms. The number
and placement of smoke alarms shall be determined by the
enforcement authority.

310.3.3 Fire extinguishers. Large- and small-family day
care homes shall be equipped with a portable fire extin-
guisher having a minimum 2- A: 10-B:C rating.

310.3.4 Fire alarm devices. Every large-family day care
home shall be provided with at least one manual device at a
location approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
Such device shall actuate afire alarm signal, which shall be
audible throughout the facility at a minimum level of 15 db
above ambient noise level. These devices need not be inter-
connected to any other fire alarm device, have a control
panel or be electrically supervised or provided with emer-
gency power. Such device or devices shall be attached to the
structure and may be of any type acceptable to the enforcing
agent, provided that such devices are distinctive in tone and
are audible throughout the structure.

310.3.5 Compliance. Every large-family day care home
shall comply with the provisions for Group R-3 occupan-
cies.

Enforcement of these provisions shall be in accordance
with the Health and Safety Code Sections 13145 and 13146.
No city, county, city and county, or district shall adopt or
enforce any building ordinance or local rule or regulation
relating to the subject of fire and life safety in large-family
day care homes which is inconsistent with those standards
adopted by the State Fire Marshal, except to the extent the
building ordinance or local rule or regulation applies to sin-
gle-family residences in which day care is not provided.

310.3.6 Special hazards. Every unenclosed gas-fired water
heater or furnace which is within the area used for child

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

care in a large-family day care home shall be protected in
such a way as to prevent children from making contact with
those appliances.

Exception: This does not apply to kitchen stoves or
ovens.

SECTION 311
STORAGE GROUP S

311.1 Storage Group S. Storage Group S occupancy includes,
among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion
thereof, for storage that is not classified as a hazardous occu-
pancy.

311.2 Moderate-hazard storage, Group S-1. Buildings
occupied for storage uses that are not classified as Group S-2,
including, but not limited to, storage of the following:

Aerosols, Levels 2 and 3

Aircraft repair hangar

Bags: cloth, burlap and paper

Bamboos and rattan

Baskets

Belting: canvas and leather

Books and paper in rolls or packs

Boots and shoes

Buttons, including cloth covered, pearl or bone

Cardboard and cardboard boxes

Clothing, woolen wearing apparel

Cordage

Dry boat storage (indoor)

Furniture

Furs

Glues, mucilage, pastes and size

Grains

Horns and combs, other than celluloid

Leather

Linoleum

Lumber

Motor vehicle repair garages complying with the maximum

allowable quantities of hazardous materials listed in

Table 307. 1(1) (see Section 406.6)
Photo engravings
Resilient flooring
Silks
Soaps
Sugar

Tires, bulk storage of
Tobacco, cigars, cigarettes and snuff
Upholstery and mattresses
Wax candles

311.3 Low-hazard storage, Group S-2. Includes, among oth-
ers, buildings used for the storage of noncombustible materials
such as products on wood pallets or in paper cartons with or
without single thickness divisions; or in paper wrappings. Such
products are permitted to have a negligible amount of plastic
trim, such as knobs, handles or film wrapping. Storage uses
shall include, but not be limited to, storage of the following:

Aircraft hangar
Asbestos

Beverages up to and including 12-percent alcohol in metal,

glass or ceramic containers
Cement in bags
Chalk and crayons

Dairy products in nonwaxed coated paper containers
Dry cell batteries
Electrical coils
Electrical motors
Empty cans
Food products

Foods in noncombustible containers
Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or containers
Frozen foods
Glass

Glass botdes, empty or filled with noncombustible liquids
Gypsum board
Inert pigments
Ivory
Meats

Metal cabinets

Metal desks with plastic tops and trim
Metal parts
Metals
Mirrors

Oil-filled and other types of distribution transformers
Parking garages, open or enclosed
Porcelain and pottery
Stoves

Talc and soapstones
Washers and dryers

SECTION 312
UTILITY AND MISCELLANEOUS GROUP U

312.1 General. Buildings and structures of an accessory char-
acter and miscellaneous structures not classified in any specific
occupancy shall be constructed, equipped and maintained to
conform to the requirements of this code commensurate with
the fire and life hazard incidental to their occupancy. Group U
shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Agricultural buildings

Aircraft hangars, accessory to a one- or two-family resi-
dence (see Section 412.3)
Bams
Carports

Fences more than 6 feet (1829 mm) high
Grain silos, accessory to a residential occupancy
Greenhouses
Livestock shelters
Private garages
Retaining walls
Sheds
Stables
Tanks
Towers

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

66 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

CHAPTER 4 - SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED

ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

♦

(

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed beiow)

♦

Adopt oniy those sections
that are listed beiow

Chapter/
Section

Codes

403.1

403.1.1

403.1.2

403.2

403.3.1

403.9

403.12

403.13

403.13.1

403.13.2

403.15

404.5

404.9

405.1

406.2.2

IBC

406.7-406.7.4

♦

•

407.1

407.2

407.2.1

407.2.2

407.3

407.3.1

407.3.1.1

407.3.3

407.3.4

407.4

407.4.2

407.5

407.5.1

407.6

407.7

407.8

408.1.1

408.2

408.3.1.1

408.3.4

408.3.4.1

408.3.4.2

408.3.4.3

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 4 - SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS
BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ctiapter

♦

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

♦

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

408.3.4.4

408.3.6

408.3.6.1

408.3.6.2

408.4

408.4.3

408.5

408.6

408.7

408.7.1

408.9 -
408.14

409.3

IBC

410.2 Platform
& Stage

IBC

412.1.6

419,1

419.4

419.4.1

419.4.2

419.4.3

419.4.4

419.5

419.6

425

426

430

431

432

433

434

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 4 - SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS
BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

♦

Adopt Entire Chapter as.
amended (amended sections
listed below)

♦

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter/
Section

Codes

436

439

440

442

443

445

The ♦ designation indicates thatttie Office of the State Fire IVIarshal's adoption of this chapter or individual sections is
applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 or DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

70 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 4

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND

OCCUPANCY

SECTION 401
SCOPE

401.1 Detailed use and occupancy requirements. In addition
to the occupancy and construction requirements in this code,
the provisions of this chapter apply to the special uses and
occupancies described herein.

SECTION 402
COVERED MALL BUILDINGS

402.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to
buildings or structures defined herein as covered mall buildings
not exceeding three floor levels at any point nor more than three
stories above grade plane. Except as specifically required by
this section, covered mall buildings shall meet applicable pro-
visions of this code.

Exceptions:

1. Foyers and lobbies of Groups B, R-1 and R-2 are not
required to comply with this section.

2. Buildings need not comply with the provisions of this
section when they totally comply with other applica-
ble provisions of this code.

402.2 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

ANCHOR BUILDING. An exterior perimeter building of a
group other than H having direct access to. a covered mall build-
ing but having required means of egress independent of the
mall.

COVERED MALL BUILDING. A single building enclosing
a number of tenants and occupants such as retail stores, drink-
ing and dining establishments, entertainment and amusement
facilities, passenger transportation terminals, offices, and other
similar uses wherein two or more tenants have a main entrance
into one or more malls. For the purpose of this chapter, anchor
buildings shall not be considered as a part of the covered mall
building.

FOOD COURT. A public seating area located in the mall that
serves adjacent food preparation tenant spaces.

GROSS LEASABLE AREA. The total floor area designed
for tenant occupancy and exclusive use. The area of tenant
occupancy is measured from the centerlines of joint partitions
to the outside of the tenant walls. All tenant areas, including
areas used for storage, shall be included in calculating gross
leasable area.

MALL. A roofed or covered common pedestrian area within a
covered mall building that serves as access for two or more ten-
ants and not to exceed three levels that are open to each other.

402.3 Lease plan. Each covered mall building owner shall pro-
vide both the building and fire departments with a lease plan
showing the location of each occupancy and its exits after the
certificate of occupancy has been issued. No modifications or
changes in occupancy or use shall be made from that shown on
the leajse plan without prior approval of the building official.

402.4 Means of egress. Each tenant space and the covered mall
building shall be provided with means of egress as required by
this section and this code. Where there is a conflict between the
requirements of this code and the requirements of this section,
the requirements of this section shall apply.

402.4.1 Determination of occupant load. The occupant
load permitted in any individual tenant space in a covered
mair building shall be determined as required by this code.
Means of egress requirements for individual tenant spaces
shall be based on the occupant load thus determined.

402.4.1.1 Occupant formula. In determining required
means of egress of the mall, the number of occupants for
whom means of egress are to be provided shall be based
on gross leasable area of the covered mall building
(excluding anchor buildings) and the occupant load fac-
tor as determined by the following equation.

OLF= (0.00007) <iGLA) + 25
where:

(Equation 4-1)

OLF = The occupant load factor (square feet per per-
son).

GLA = The gross leasable area (square feet).

402.4.1.2 OLF range. The occupant load factor (OLF) is
not required to be less than 30 and shall not exceed 50.

402.4.1.3 Anchor buildings. The occupant load of
anchor buildings opening into the mall shall not be
included in computing the total number of occupants for
the mall.

402.4.1.4 Food courts. The occupant load of a food
court shall be determined in accordance with Section
1004. For the purposes of determining the means of
egress requirements for the mall, the food court occupant
load shall be added to the occupant load of the covered
mall building as calculated above.

402.4.2 Number of means of egress. Wherever the dis-
tance of travel to the mall from any location within a tenant
space used by persons other than employees exceeds 75 feet
(22 860 mm) or the tenant space has an occupant load of 50
or more, not less than two means of egress shall be provided.

402.4.3 Arrangements of means of egress. Assembly
occupancies with an occupant load of 500 or more shall be
so located in the covered mall building that their entrance
will be immediately adjacent to a principal entrance to the

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

mall and shall have not less than one-half of their required
means of egress opening directly to the exterior of the cov-
ered mall building.

402.4.3.1 Anchor building means of egress. Required
means of egress for anchor buildings shall be provided
independently from the mall means of egress system.
The occupant load of anchor buildings opening into the
mall shall not be included in determining means of egress
requirements for the mall. The path of egress travel of
malls shall not exit through anchor buildings. Malls ter-
minating at an anchor building where no other means of
egress has been provided shall be considered as a
dead-end mall.

402.4.4 Distance to exits. Within each individual tenant
space in a covered mall building, the maximum distance of
travel from any point to an exit or entrance to the mall shall
not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm).

The maximum distance of travel from any point within a
mall to an exit shall not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm).

402.4.5 Access to exits. Where more than one exit is
required, they shall be so arranged that it is possible to travel
in either direction from any point in a maU to separate exits.
The minimum width of an exit passageway or corridor from
a mall shall be 66 inches (1676 mm).

Exception: Dead ends not exceeding a length equal to
twice the width of the mall measured at the narrowest
location within the dead-end portion of the mall.

402.4.5.1 Exit passageways. Where exit passageways
provide a secondary means of egress from a tenant space,
doorways to the exit passageway shall be protected by
1-hour fire door assembUes that are self- or automatic
closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section
715.4.7.3.

402.4.6 Service areas fronting on exit passageways.

Mechanical rooms, electrical rooms, building service areas
and service elevators are permitted to open directly into exit
passageways, provided the exit passageway is separated
from such rooms with not less than 1-hour fire-resis-
tance-rated fire barriers and 1-hour opening protectives.

402.5 Mall width. For the purpose of providing required
egress, malls are permitted to be considered as corridors but
need not comply with the requirements of Section 1005.1 of
this code where the width of the mall is as specified in this
section.

402.5.1 Minimum width. The minimum width of the mall
shall be 20 feet (6096 mm). The mall width shall be suffi-
cient to accommodate the occupant load served. There shall
be a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) clear exit width to a
height of 8 feet (2438 mm) between any projection of a ten-
ant space bordering the mall and the nearest kiosk, vending
machine, bench, display opening, food court or other
obstruction to means of egress travel.

402.6 Types of construction. The area of any covered mall
building, including anchor buildings, of Type 1, 11, III and IV
construction, shall not be limited provided the covered mall

building and attached anchor buildings and parking garages are
surrounded on all sides by a permanent open space of not less
than 60 feet (18 288 mm) and the anchor buildings do not
exceed three stories in height. The allowable height and area of
anchor buildings greater than three stores in height shall com-
ply with Section 503, as modified by Sections 504 and 506. The
construction type of open parking garages and enclosed park-
ing garages shall comply with Sections 406.3 and 406.4,
respectively.

402.7 Fire-resistance-rated separation. Fire-resis-
tance-rated separation is not required between tenant spaces
and the maU. Fire-resistance-rated separation is not required
between a food court and adjacent tenant spaces or the mall.

402.7.1 Attached garage. An attached garage for the stor-
age of passenger vehicles having a capacity of not more than
nine persons and open parking garages shall be considered
as a separate building where it is separated from the covered
mall building by a fire barrier having a fire-resistance rating
of at least 2 hours.

Exception: Where an open parking garage or enclosed
parking garage is separated from the covered mall build-
ing or anchor building a distance greater than 10 feet
(3048 mm), the provisions of Table 602 shall apply.
Pedestrian walkways and tunnels which attach the open
parking garage or enclosed parking garage to the covered
mall building or anchor building shall be constructed in
accordance with Section 3104.

402.7.2 Tenant separations. Each tenant space shall be
separated from other tenant spaces by a fire partition com-
plying with Section 708. A tenant separation wall is not
required between any tenant space and the mall.

402.7.3 Anchor building separation. An anchor building
shall be separated from the covered mall building by fire
walls complying with Section 705.

Exception: Anchor buildings of not more than three sto-
ries above grade plane that have an occupancy classifica-
tion the same as that permitted for tenants of the covered
mall building shall be separated by 2-hour fire-resistive
fire barriers complying with Section 706.

402.7.3.1 Openings between anchor building and
mall. Except for the separation between Group R-1
sleeping units and the mall, openings between anchor
buildings of Type lA, IB, EA and IIB construction and
the mall need not be protected.

[F] 402.8 Automatic sprinkler system. The covered mall
building and buildings connected shall be equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1, which shall comply with the following:

1. The automatic sprinkler system shall be complete and
operative throughout occupied space in the covered mall
building prior to occupancy of any of the tenant spaces.
Unoccupied tenant spaces shall be similarly protected
unless provided with approved alternate protection.

2. Sprinkler protection for the mall shall be independent
from that provided for tenant spaces or anchors. Where

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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tenant spaces are supplied by the same system, they shall
be independently controlled.

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not be
required in spaces or areas of open parking garages con-
structed in accordance with Section 406.2.

[F] 402.8.1 Standpipe system. The covered mall building
shall be equipped throughout with a standpipe system as
required by Section 905.3.3.

402.9 Smoke control. A smoke control system shall be pro-
vided where required for atriums in Section 404.

402.10 Kiosks. Kiosks and similar structures (temporary or
permanent) shall meet the following requirements:

1. Combustible kiosks or other structures shall not be lo-
cated within the mall unless constructed of any of the fol-
lowing materials:

1.1. Fire-retardant-treated wood complying with
Section 2303.2.

1.2. Foam plastics having a maximum heat release
rate not greater than lOOkW (105 Btu/h) when
tested in accordance with the exhibit booth proto-
col in UL 1975.

1.3. Aluminum composite material (ACM) having a
flame spread index of not more than 25 and a
smoke-developed index of not more than 450
when tested as an assembly in the maximum
thickness intended for use in accordance with
ASTME84.

2. Kiosks or similar structures located within the mall shall
be provided with approved fire suppression and detec-
tion devices.

3. The minimum horizontal separation between kiosks or
groupings thereof and other structures within the mall
shall be 20 feet (6096 mm).

4. Each kiosk or similar structure or groupings thereof shall
have a maximum area of 300 square feet (28 m^).

402.11 Children's playground structures. Structures
intended as children's playgrounds that exceed 10 feet (3048
nam) in height and 150 square feet (14 m^) in area shall comply
with the following.

402.11.1 Materials. Children's playground structures shall
be constructed of noncombustible materials or of combusti-
ble materials that comply with the following:

1. Fire-retardant-treated wood.

2. Light-transmitting plastics complying with Section
2606.

3. Foam plastics (including the pipe foam used in
soft-contained play equipment structures) having a
maximum heat-release rate not greater than 100 kW
when tested in accordance with UL 1975.

4. Aluminum composite material (ACM) meeting the
requirements of Class A interior finish in accordance
with Chapter 8 when tested as an assembly in the
maximum thickness intended for use.

5. Textiles and films complying with the flame propaga-
tion performance criteria contained in NFPA 701.

6. Plastic materials used to construct rigid components
of soft-contained play equipment structures (such as
tubes, windows, panels, junction boxes, pipes, slides
and decks) meeting the UL 94 V-2 classification when
tested in accordance with UL 94.

7. Ball pool balls, used in soft-contained play equipment
structures, having a maximum heat release rate not
greater than 100 kW when tested in accordance with
UL 1975. The minimum specimen test size shall be 36
inches by 36 inches (914 nun by 9 14 mm) by an aver-
age of 21 inches (533 mm) deep, and the balls shall be
held in a box constructed of galvanized steel poultry
netting wire mesh.

8. Foam plastics shall be covered by a fabric, coating or
film meeting the flame propagation performance cri-
teria of NFPA 701.

9. The floor covering placed under the children's play-
ground structure shall exhibit a Class I interior floor
finish classification, as described in Section 804,
when tested in accordance with NFPA 253.

402.11.2 Fire protection. Children's playground structures
located within the mall shall be provided with the same level
of approved fire suppression and detection devices required
for kiosks and similar structures.

402.11.3 Separation. Children's playground structures
shall have a minimum horizontal separation from other
structures within the mall of 20 feet (6090 nun).

402.11.4 Area limits. Children's playground structures
shall not exceed 300 square feet (28 m^) in area, unless a
special investigation has demonstrated adequate fire safety.

402.12 Security grilles and doors. Horizontal sliding or verti-
cal security grilles or doors that are a part of a required means of
egress shall conform to the following:

1 . They shall remain in the full open position during the pe-
riod of occupancy by the general public.

2. Doors or grilles shall not be brought to the closed .posi-
tion when there are 10 or more persons occupying spaces
served by a single exit or 50 or more persons occupying
spaces served by more than one exit.

3. The doors or grilles shall be openable from within with-
out the use of any special knowledge or effort where the
space is occupied.

4. Where two or more exits are required, not more than
one-half of the exits shall be permitted to include either a
horizontal sliding or vertical rolhng grille or door.

[F] 402.13 Standby power. Covered mall buildmgs exceeding
50,000 square feet (4645 m^) shall be provided with standby
power systems that are capable of operating the emergency
voice/alarm communication system.

[F] 402.14 Emergency voice/alarm communication system.

Covered mall buildings exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645
m^) in total floor area shall be provided with an emergency
voice/alarm conununication system. Emergency voice/alarm
communication systems serving a mall, required or otherwise,
shall be accessible to the fire department. The system shall be
provided in accordance with Section 907.2.12.2.

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402.15 Plastic signs. Plastic signs affixed to the storefront of
any tenant space facing the mall shall be limited as specified in
Sections 402.15.1 through 402.15.5.2.

402.15.1 Area. Plastic signs shall not exceed 20 percent of
the wall area facing the mall.

402.15.2 Height and width. Plastic signs shall not exceed a
height of 36 inches (914 mm), except if the sign is vertical,
the height shall not exceed 96 inches (2438 mm) and the
width shall not exceed 36 inches (914 mm).

402.15.3 Location. Plastic signs shall be located a mini-
mum distance of 1 8 inches (457 mm) from adjacent tenants.

402.15.4 Plastics other than foam plastics. Plastics other
than foam plastics used in signs shall be light-transmitting
plastics complying with Section 2606.4 or shall have a
self-ignition temperature of 650°F (343 °C) or greater when
tested in accordance with ASTM D 1929, and a flame
spread index not greater than 75 and smoke-developed
index not greater than 450 when tested in the manner
intended for use m accordance with ASTM E 84 or meet the
acceptance criteria of Section 803.2. 1 when tested in accor-
dance with NFPA 286.

402.15.4.1 Encasement. Edges and backs of plastic
signs in the mall shall be fully encased in metal.

402.15.5 Foam plastics. Foam plastics used in signs shall
have flame-retardant characteristics such that the sign has a
maximum heat-release rate of 150 kilowatts when tested in
accordance with UL 1975 and the foam plastics shall have
the physical characteristics specified in this section. Foam
plastics used in signs installed in accordance with Section
402.14 shall not be required to comply with the flame
spread and smoke-developed indexes specified in Section
2603.3.

402.15.5.1 Density, The minimum density of foam plas-
tics used in signs shall not be less than 20 pounds per
cubic foot (pcf) (320 kg/m^).

402.15.5.2 Thickness. The thickness of foam plastic
signs shall not be greater than V2 inch (12.7 mm).

[F] 402.16 Fire department access to equipment. Rooms or
areas containing controls for air-conditioning systems, auto-
matic fire-extinguishing systems or other detection, suppres-
sion or control elements shall be identified for use by the fire
department.

SECTION 403
HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

403.1 Applicability. The provisions of this section shall apply
to new high-rise buildings.

Exception: The provisions of this section shall not apply to
the following buildings and structures:

1 . Airport traffic control towers in accordance with Sec-
tion 412.

2. Open parking garages in accordance with Section
406.3.

3. Buildings with an occupancy in Group A-5 in accor-
dance with Section 303.1.

4. Low-hazard special industrial occupancies in accor-
dance with Section 503.1.1.

5. Buildings with an occupancy in Group H-1, H-2 or
H-3 in accordance with Section 415.

6. Hospitals as defined in Section 1250 of the Health
and Safety Code.

7. Buildings such as power plants, lookout towers, stee-
ples, grain houses and similar structures with
noncontinuous human occupancy, when so deter-
mined by the enforcing agency.

8. Buildings used exclusively for jails and prisons.

For existing high-rise buildings, see Section 3412 for R
occupancies and see Section 3411.13.

[SFM] For the purpose of this section, in determining the
level from which the highest occupied floor is to be measured,
the enforcing agency should exercise reasonable judgment,
including consideration of overall accessibility to the building
by fire department personnel and vehicular equipment. When a
building is located on sloping terrain and there is building
access on more than one level, the enforcing agency may select
the level that provides the most logical and adequate fire
department access.

403.1.1 "New building" shall mean a high-rise structure,
the construction of which is commenced on or after July 1,
1974. For the purpose of this section, construction shall be
deemed to have commenced when plans and specifications
are more than 50 percent complete and have been presented
to the local jurisdiction prior to July 1, 1974. Unless all pro-
visions of this section have been met, the construction of
such buildings shall commence on or before January 1,
1976.

403.1.2 For the purposes of this section, "building access "
shall mean an exterior door opening conforming to all of the
following:

1. Suitable and available for fire department use.

2. Located not more than 2 feet (610 mm) above the ad-
jacent ground level.

3. Leading to a space, room or area having foot traffic
communication capabilities with the remainder of the
building.

4. Designed to permit penetration through the use of fire
department forcible-entry tools and equipment unless
other approved arrangements have been made with
the fire authority having jurisdiction.

[F] 403.2 Automatic sprinkler system. Buildings and struc-
tures shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and a secondary
water supply where required by Section 903.3.5.2. A sprinkler
water-flow alarm-initiating device and a control valve with a

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

supervisory signal-initiating device shall be provided at the
lateral connection to the riser for each floor

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not be
required in spaces or areas of:

1. Open parking garages in accordance with Section
406.3.

2. Telecommunications equipment buildings used ex-
clusively for telecommunications equipment, associ-
ated electrical power distribution equipment,
batteries and standby engines, provided that those
spaces or areas are equipped throughout with an auto-
matic fire detection system in accordance with Sec-
tion 907.2 and are separated from the remainder of the
building by fire barriers consisting of not less than
1-hour fire-resistance-rated walls and 2-hour
fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling assemblies.

403.3 Reduction in fire-resistance rating. The fire-resis-
tance-rating reductions listed in Sections 403.3.1 and 403.3.2
shall be allowed in buildings that have sprinkler control valves
equipped with supervisory initiating devices and water-flow
initiating devices for each floor.

403.3.1 Type of construction. The following reductions in
the minimum construction type allowed in Table 601 shall
be allowed as provided in Section 403.3:

1. For buildings not greater than 420 feet (128 m) in
height. Type lA construction shall be allowed to be re-
duced to Type IB.

Exception: The required fire-resistance rating of
the structural frame shall not be allowed to be
reduced.

2. In other than Groups F-1, M and S-1, Type IB con-
struction shall be allowed to be reduced to Type HA.

Exception: The required fire-resistance rating of
the structural frame shall not be allowed to be
reduced.

3. The height and area limitations of the reduced con-
struction type shall be allowed to be the same as for
the original construction type.

403.3.2 Shaft enclosures. For buildings not greater than
420 feet (128 m) in height, the required fire-resistance rat-
ing of the fire barriers enclosing vertical shafts, other than
exit enclosures and elevator hoistway enclosures, shall be
reduced to 1 hour where automatic sprinklers are installed
within the shafts at the top and at alternate floor levels.

403.4 Emergency escape and rescue. Emergency escape and
rescue openings required by Section 1026 are not required.

[F] 403.5 Automatic fire detection. Smoke detection shall be
provided in accordance with Section 907.2.12.1.

[F] 403.6 Emergency voice/alarm communication systems.

An emergency voice/alarm communication system shall be
provided in accordance with Section 907.2.12.2.

[F] 403.7 Fire department communications system. A

two-way fire department communications system shall be pro-

vided for fire department use in accordance with Section
907.2.12.3.

[F] 403.8 Fire command. A fire command center complying
with Section 911 shall be provided in a location approved by
the fire department.

403.9 Elevators. Elevator operation and installation shall be in
accordance with Chapter 30.

Elevator lobbies shall be provided in accordance with Sec-
tion 707.14.1.

[F] 403.10 Standby power. A standby power system comply-
ing with Section 2702 shall be provided for standby power
loads specified in Section 403.10.2.

403.10.1 Special requirements for standby power sys-
tems. If the standby system is a generator set inside a build-
ing, the system shall be located in a separate room enclosed
with 2-hour fu'e barriers constructed in accordance with
Section 706 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accor-
dance with Section 711, or both. System supervision with
manual start and transfer features shall be provided at the
fire command center.

[F] 403.10.2 Standby power loads. The following are clas-
sified as standby power loads:

1. Power and Ughting for the fire command center re-
quired by Section 403.8;

2. Electrically powered fire pumps; and

3. Ventilation and automatic fire detection equipment
for smokeproof enclosures.

Standby power shall be provided for elevators in accor-
dance with Sections 1007.4 and 3003.

[F] 403.11 Emergency power systems. An emergency power
system complying with Section 2702 shall be provided for
emergency power loads specified in Section 403.11.1.

[F] 403.11.1 Emergency power loads. The following are
classified as emergency power loads:

1. Exit signs and means of egress illumination required
by Chapter 10;

2. Elevator car lighting;

3. Emergency voice/alarm communications systems;

4. Automatic fire detection systems; and

5. Fire alarm systems.

403.12 Stairway door operation. Stairway doors other than
the exit discharge doors shall be permitted to be locked from
stairway side. Stairway doors that are locked from the stairway
side shall be capable of being unlocked simultaneously without
unlatching upon a signal from the fire command center. [SFM]
Upon failure of electrical power to the locking mechanism the
door shall unlock.

403.12.1 Stairway communications system. A telephone
or other two-way communications system connected to an
approved constantly attended station shall be provided at
not less than every fifth floor in each required stairway
where the doors to the stairway are locked.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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403.13 Smoke control.

403.13.1 Smoke control system. High-rise buildings shall
be provided with a passive or active smoke control system or
combination thereof in accordance with Section 909.

403.13.2 Smokeproof exit enclosures. Every exit enclosure
shall comply with Sections 909.20 and 1020.1.7.

403.14 Seismic considerations. For seismic considerations,
see Cliapter 16.

403.15 Existing high-rise buildings. For existing high-rise
buildings, see Section 3412.

SECTION 404
ATRIUMS

404.1 General. In other than Group H occupancies, and where
permitted by Exception 5 in Section 707.2, the provisions of
this section shall apply to buildings or structures containing
vertical openings defined herein as "Atriums."

404.1.1 DelSnition. The following word and term shall, for
the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this
code, have the meaning shown herein.

ATRIUM. An opening connecting two or more stories
other than enclosed stairways, elevators, hoistways, escala-
tors, plumbing, electrical, air-conditioning or other equip-
ment, which is closed at the top and not defined as a mall.
Stories, as used in this definition, do not include balconies
within assembly groups or mezzanines that comply with
Section 505.

404.2 Use. The floor of the atrium shall not be used for other
than low fire hazard uses and only approved materials and dec-
orations in accordance with the California Fire Code shall be
used in the atrium space.

Exception: The atrium floor area is permitted to be used for
any approved use where the individual space is provided
with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Sec-
tion 903.3. 1.1.

[F] 404.3 Automatic sprinkler protection. An approved
automatic sprinMer system shall be installed throughout the
entire building.

Exceptions:

1 . That area of a building adjacent to or above the atrium
need not be sprinklered, provided that portion of the
building is separated from the atrium portion by not
less than a 2-hour fire-resistance-rated fire barrier or
horizontal assembly, or both.

2. Where the ceiling of the atrium is more than 55 feet
(16 764 mm) above the floor, sprinkler protection at
the ceiling of the atrium is not required.

404.4 Smoke control. A smoke control system shall be
installed in accordance with Section 909.

Exception: Smoke control is not required for atriums that
cormect only two stories.

404.5 Enclosure of atriums. Atrium spaces shall be separated
from adjacent spaces by a 1-hour fire barrier constructed in

accordance with Section 706 or a horizontal assembly con-
structed in accordance with Section 71 1, or both.

Exceptions:

1. A glass wall forming a smoke partition where auto-
matic sprinklers are spaced 6 feet (1829 mm) or less
along both sides of the separation wall, or on the room
side only if there is not a walkway on the atrium side,
and between 4 inches and 12 inches (102 mm and 305
mm) away from the glass and designed so that the en-
tire surface of the glass is wet upon activation of the
sprinkler system without obstruction. The glass shall
be installed in a gasketed frame so that the framing
system deflects without breaking (loading) the glass
before the sprinkler system operates.

2. A glass-block wall assembly in accordance with Sec-
tion 2110 and having a V4-hour fire protection rating.

3. [SFM] In other than Group I occupancies, the adja-
cent spaces of any three floors of the atrium shall not
be required to be separated from the atrium where
such spaces are included in the design of the smoke
control system.

[F] 404.6 Standby power. Equipment required to provide
smoke control shall be connected to a standby power system in
accordance with Section 909.11.

404.7 Interior finish. The interior finish of walls and ceilings
of the atrium shall not be less than Class B with no reduction in
class for sprinkler protection.

404.8 Travel distance. In other than the lowest level of the
atrium, where the required means of egress is through the
atrium space, the portion of exit access travel distance within
the atrium space shall not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm).

404.9 Group I occupancy means of egress. [SFM] Required
means of egress from sleeping rooms in Group I occupancies
shall not pass through the atrium.

SECTION 405
UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS

405.1 General. The provisions of this section apply to building
spaces having a floor level used for human occupancy more
than 30 feet (9144 mm) below the lowest level of exit dis-
charge.

Exceptions:

1 . One- and two-family dwellings, sprinklered in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.3.

2. Parking garages with automatic sprinkler systems in
compliance with Section 405.3.

3. Fixed guideway transit systems.

4. Grandstands, bleachers, stadiums, arenas and similar
facilities.

5. Where the lowest story is the only story that would
qualify the building as an underground building and
has an area not exceeding 1,500 square feet (139 m^)
and has an occupant load less than 10.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

6. [SFM] Winery caves having a floor level used for hu-
man occupancy 30 feet (9144 mm) or less below the
lowest level of exit discharge.

405.2 Construction requirements. The underground portion
of the building shall be of Type I construction.

[F] 405.3 Automatic sprinkler system. The highest level of
exit discharge serving the underground portions of the building
and all levels below shall be equipped with an automatic sprin-
kler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Water-flow switches and control valves shall be supervised in
accordance with Section 903.4.

405.4 Compartmentation. Compartmentation shall be in
accordance with Sections 405.4.1 tiirough 405.4.3.

405.4.1 Number of compartments. A building having a
floor level more than 60 feet (18 288 mm) below the lowest
level of exit discharge shall be divided into a minimum of
two compartments of approximately equal size. Such
compartmentation shall extend through the highest level of
exit discharge serving the underground portions of the
building and all levels below.

Exception: The lowest story need not be compartmented
where the area does not exceed 1,500 square feet (139
m^) and has an occupant load of less than 10.

405.4.2 Smoke barrier penetration. The compartments
shall be separated from each other by a smoke barrier in
accordance with Section 709. Penetrations between the two
compartments shall be limited to plumbing and electrical
piping and conduit that are firestopped in accordance with
Section 712. Doorways shall be protected by fire door
assemblies that are automatic closing by smoke detection in
accordance with Section 715.4.7.3 and are installed in
accordance with NFPA 105 and Section 715.4.3. Where
provided, each compartment shall have an air supply and an
exhaust system independent of the other compartments.

405.4.3 Elevators. Where elevators are provided, each
compartment shall have direct access to an elevator. Where
an elevator serves more than one compartment, an elevator
lobby shall be provided and shall be separated from each
compartment by a smoke barrier in accordance with Section
709. Doors shall be gasketed, have a drop sill and be auto-
matic closing by smoke detection in accordance with
Section 715.4.7.3.

[F] 405.5 Smoke control system. A smoke control system
shall be provided in accordance with Sections 405.5.1 and
405.5.2.

[F] 405.5.1 Control system. A smoke control system is
required to control the migration of products of combustion
in accordance with Section 909 and the provisions of this
section. Smoke control shall restrict movement of smoke to
the general area of fire origin and maintain means of egress
in a usable condition.

[F] 405.5.2 Compartment smoke control system. Where
compartmentation is required, each compartment shall have
an independent smoke control system. The system shall be
automatically activated and capable of manual operation in
accordance with Section 907.2.18.

[F] 405.6 Fire alarm systems. A fire alarm system shall be
provided where required by Section 907.2.19.

[F] 405.7 Public address. A public address system shall be
provided where required by Section 907.2.19.1.

405.8 Means of egress. Means of egress shall be in accordance
with Sections 405.8.1 and 405.8.2.

405.8.1 Number of exits. Each floor level shall be provided
with a minimum of two exits. Where compartmentation is
required by Section 405.4, each compartment shall have a
minimum of one exit and shall also have an exit access door-
way into the adjoining compartment.

405.8.2 Smokeproof enclosure. Every required stairway
serving floor levels more than 30 feet (9144 mm) below its
level of exit discharge shall comply with the requirements
for a smokeproof enclosure as provided in Section 1020. 1 .7.

[F] 405.9 Standby power. A standby power system complying
with Section 2702 shall be provided standby power loads spec-
ified in Section 405.9.1.

405.9.1 Standby power loads. The following loads are
classified as standby power loads.

1. Smoke control system.

2. Ventilation and automatic fire detection equipment
for smokeproof enclosures.

3. Fire pumps.

Standby power shall be provided for elevators in accor-
dance witti Section 3003.

405.9.2 Pick-up time. The standby power system shall pick
up its connected loads within 60 seconds of failure of the
normal power supply.

[F] 405.10 Emergency power. An emergency power system
complying with Section 2702 shall be provided for emergency
power loads specified in Section 405.10.1.

[F] 405.10.1 Emergency power loads. The following loads
are classified as emergency power loads:

1. Emergency voice/alarm communications systems.

2. Fire alarm systems.

3. Automatic fire detection systems.

4. Elevator car Ughting.

5. Means of egress and exit sign illumination as required
by Chapter 10.

[F] 405.11 Standpipe system. The underground building shall
be equipped throughout with a standpipe system in accordance
with Section 905.

SECTION 406
MOTOR-VEHICLE-RELATED OCCUPANCIES

406.1 Private garages and carports.

406.1.1 Classification. Buildings or parts of buildings clas-
sified as Group U occupancies because of the use or charac-
ter of the occupancy shall not exceed 1,000 square feet (93
m^) in area or one story in height except as provided in Sec-
tion 406.1.2. Any building or portion thereof that exceeds

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

the limitations specified in this section shall be classified in
the occupancy group other than Group U that it most nearly
resembles.

406.1.2 Area increase. Group U occupancies used for the
storage of private or pleasure-type motor vehicles where no
repair work is completed or fuel is dispensed are permitted
to be 3,000 square feet (279 m^) when the following provi-
sions are met:

1 . For a mixed occupancy buUding, the exterior wall and
opening protection for the Group U portion of the
building shall be as required for the major occupancy
of the building. For such a mixed occupancy building,
the allowable floor area of the building shall be as per-
mitted for the major occupancy contained therein.

2. For a building containing only a Group U occupancy,
the exterior wall shall not be required to have a fire-re-
sistance rating and the area of openings shall not be
limited when the fire separation distance is 5 feet
(1524 mm) or more.

More than one 3,000-square-foot (279 m^) Group U
occupancy shall be perndtted to be in the same building,
provided each 3,000-square-foot (279 m^) area is separated
by fire walls complying with Section 705.

406.1.3 Garages and carports. Carports shall be open on at
least two sides. Carport floor surfaces shall be of approved
noncombustible material. Carports not open on at least two
sides shall be considered a garage and shall comply with the
provisions of this section for garages.

Exception: Asphalt surfaces shall be permitted at
ground level in carports.

The area of floor used for parking of automobiles or other
vehicles shall be sloped to facilitate the movement of liquids
to a drain or toward the main vehicle entry doorway.

406.1.4 Separation. Separations shall comply with the fol-
lowing:

1 . The private garage shall be separated from the dwell-
ing unit and its attic area by means of a minimum
V2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board applied to the ga-
rage side. Garages beneath habitable rooms shall be
separated from all habitable rooms above by not less
than a Vg-inch Type X gypsum board or equivalent.
Door openings between a private garage and the
dwelling unit shall be equipped with either solid wood
doors or solid or honeycomb core steel doors not less
than P/g inches (34.9 mm) thick, or doors in compli-
ance with Section 715.4.3. Openings from a private
garage directly into a room used for sleeping purposes
shall not be permitted. Doors shall be self-closing and
self-latching.

2. Ducts in a private garage and ducts penetrating the
walls or ceilings separating the dwelling unit from the
garage shall be constructed of a minimum 0.01 9-inch
(0.48 mm) sheet steel and shall have no openings into
the garage.

3 . A separation is not required between a Group R-3 and
U carport, provided the carport is entirely open on two
or more sides and there are not enclosed areas above.

406.2 Parliing garages.

406.2.1 Classification. Parking garages shall be classified
as either open, as defined in Section 406.3, or enclosed and
shall meet the appropriate criteria in Section 406.4. Also see
Section 509 for special provisions for parking garages.

406.2.2 Clear heiglit. The clear height of each floor level in
vehicle and pedestrian traffic areas shall not be less than 7
feet (2134 mm). [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] The clear height
of vehicle and pedestrian areas required to be accessible
shall comply with Chapter llA or IIB, as applicable.

406.2.3 Guards. Guards shall be provided in accordance
with Section 1013 at exterior and interior vertical openings
on floor and roof areas where vehicles are parked or moved
and where the vertical distance to the ground or surface
directly below exceeds 30 inches (762 nrni).

406.2.4 Vehicle barriers. Parking areas shall be provided
with exterior or interior walls or vehicle barriers, except at
pedestrian or vehicular accesses, designed in accordance
with Section 1607.7. Vehicle barriers not less than 2 feet
(607 mm) high shall be placed at the end of drive lanes, and
at the end of parking spaces where the difference in adjacent
floor elevation is greater than 1 foot (305 mm).

Exception: Vehicle storage compartments in a mechani-
cal access parking garage.

406.2.5 Ramps. Vehicle ramps shall not be considered as
required exits unless pedestrian facilities are provided.
Vehicle ramps that are utilized for vertical circulation as
well as for parking shall not exceed a slope of 1:15 (6.67
percent).

406.2.6 Floor surface. Parking surfaces shall be of concrete
or similar noncombustible and nonabsorbent materials.

Exception: Asphalt parking surfaces are permitted at
ground level.

The area of floor used for parking of automobiles or other
vehicles shall be sloped to facihtate the movement of liquids
to a drain or toward the main vehicle entry doorway.

406.2.7 Mixed separation. Parking garages shall be sepa-
rated from other occupancies in accordance with Section
508.3.

406.2.8 Special hazards. Connection of a parking garage
with any room in which there is a fuel-fired appliance shall
be by means of a vestibule providing a two-doorway separa-
tion.

Exception: A single door shall be allowed provided the
sources of ignition in the appliance are at least 18 inches
(457 mm) above the floor.

406.2.9 Attached to rooms. Openings from a parking
garage directly into a room used for sleeping purposes shall
not be permitted.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

406.3 Open parking garages.

406.3.1 Scope. Except where specific provisions are made
in the following subsections, other requirements of this
code shall apply.

406.3.2 Definitions. The following words and terms shall,
for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this
code, have the meanings shown herein.

MECHANICAL-ACCESS OPEN PARKING
GARAGES. Open parking garages employing parking
machines, lifts, elevators or other mechanical devices for
vehicles moving from and to street level and in which public
occupancy is prohibited above the street level.

OPEN PARKING GARAGE. A structure or portion of a
structure with the openings as described in Section
406.3.3. 1 on two or more sides that is used for the parking or
storage of private motor vehicles as described in Section
406.3.4.

RAMP-ACCESS OPEN PARKING GARAGES. Open
parking garages employing a series of continuously rising
floors or a series of interconnecting ramps between floors
permitting the movement of vehicles under their own power
from and to the street level.

406.3.3 Construction. Open parking garages shall be of
Type I, II or IV construction. Open parking garages shall
meet the design requirements of Chapter 16. For vehicle
barriers, see Section 406.2.4.

406.3.3.1 Openings. For natural ventilation purposes,
the exterior side of the structure shall have uniformly dis-
tributed openings on two or more sides. The area of such
openings in exterior walls on a tier must be at least 20
percent of the total perimeter wall area of each tier. The
aggregate length of the openings considered to be pro-
viding natural ventilation shall constitute a minimum of
40 percent of the perimeter of the tier. Interior walls shall
be at least 20 percent open with uniformly distributed
openings.

Exception: Openings are not required to be distrib-
uted over 40 percent of the building perimeter where
the required openings are uniformly distributed over
two opposing sides of the building.

406.3.4 Uses. Mixed uses shall be allowed in the same
building as an open parking garage subject to the provisions
of Sections 508.3, 402.7.1, 406.3.13, 509.3, 509.4 and
509.7.

406.3.5 Area and height. Area and height of open parking
garages shall be limited as set forth in Chapter 5 for Group
S-2 occupancies and as further provided for in Section
508.3.

406.3.5.1 Single use. When the open parking garage is
used exclusively for the parking or storage of private
motor vehicles, with no other uses in the building, the
area and height shall be permitted to comply with Table
406.3.5, along with increases allowed by Section
406.3.6.

Exception: The grade-level tier is permitted to con-
tain an office, waiting and toilet rooms having a total
combined area of not more than 1,000 square feet (93
m^). Such area need not be separated from the open
parking garage.

In open parking garages having a spiral or sloping
floor, the horizontal projection of the structure at any
cross section shall not exceed the allowable area per
parking tier. In the case of an open parking garage having
a continuous spiral floor, each 9 feet 6 inches (2896 mm)
of height, or portion thereof, shall be considered a tier.

The clear height of a parking tier shall not be less than
7 feet (2134 mm), except that a lower clear height is per-
mitted in mechanical-access open parking garages where
approved by the building official.

406.3.6 Area and height increases. The allowable area and
height of open parking garages shall be increased in accor-
dance with the provisions of this section. Garages with sides
open on three-fourths of the building's perimeter are permit-
ted to be increased by 25 percent in area and one tier in
height. Garages with sides open around the entire building's
perimeter are permitted to be increased by 50 percent in area
and one tier in height. For a side to be considered open under
the above provisions, the total area of openings along the
side shall not be less than 50 percent of the interior area of

TABLE 406.3.5
OPEN PARKING GARAGES AREA AND HEIGHT

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

AREA PER TIER
(square feet)

HEIGHT (In tiers)

Ramp access

Mechanical access

Automatic sprinl<ler system

Yes

Unlimited

12 tiers

18 tiers

50,000

10 tiers

15 tiers

JIB

50,000

8 tiers

12 tiers -

50,000

4 tiers

For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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the side at each tier and such openings shall be equally dis-
tributed along the length of the tier.

Allowable tier areas in Table 406.3.5 shall be increased
for open parking garages constructed to heights less than the
table maximum. The gross tier area of the garage shall not
exceed that permitted for the higher structure. At least three
sides of each such larger tier shall have continuous horizon-
tal openings not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in clear height
extending for at least 80 percent of the length of the sides
and no part of such larger tier shall be more than 200 feet (60
960 nmi) horizontally from such an opening. In addition,
each such opening shall face a street or yard accessible to a
street with a width of at least 30 feet (9144 mm) for the full
length of the opening, and standpipes shall be provided in
each such tier.

Open parking garages of Type E construction, with all
sides open, shall be unlimited in allowable area where the
height does not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm). For a side to be
considered open, the total area of openings along the side
shall not be less than 50 percent of the interior area of the
side at each tier and such openings shaU be equally distrib-
uted along the length of the tier. All portions of tiers shall be
within 200 feet (60 960 mm) horizontally firom such open-
ings or other natural ventilation openings as defined in Sec-
tion 406.3.3.1. These openings shall be permitted to be
provided in courts with a minimum width of 30 feet (9144
mm) for the full width of the openings.

406.3.7 Fire separation distance. Exterior walls and open-
ings in exterior walls shall comply with Tables 601 and 602.
The distance to an adjacent lot line shall be determined in
accordance with Table 602 and Section 704.

406.3.8 Means of egress. Where persons other than parking
attendants are permitted, open parking garages shall meet
the means of egress requirements of Chapter 10. Where no
persons other than parking attendants are permitted, there
shall not be less than two 36-inch-wide (914 mm) exit stair-
ways. Lifts shall be permitted to be installed for use of
employees only, provided they are completely enclosed by
noncombustible materials.

406.3.9 Standpipes. Standpipes shall be installed where
required by the provisions of Chapter 9.

406.3.10 Sprinkler systems. Where required by other pro-
visions of this code, automatic sprinkler systems and
standpipes shall be installed in accordance with the provi-
sions of Chapter 9.

406.3.11 Enclosure of vertical openings. Enclosure shall
not be required for vertical openings except as specified in
Section 406.3.8.

406.3.12 VentUation. Ventilation, other than the percentage
of openings specified in Section 406.3.3.1, shall not be
required.

406.3.13 Prohibitions. The following uses and alterations
are not permitted:

1. Vehicle repair work.

2. Parking of buses, trucks and similar vehicles.

3. Partial or complete closing of required openings in ^
exterior walls by tarpaulins or any other means.

4. Dispensing of fuel.

406.4 Enclosed parking garages.

406.4.1 Heights and areas. Enclosed vehicle parking
garages and portions thereof that do not meet the definition
of open parking garages shall be Umited to the allowable
heights and areas specified in Table 503 as modified by Sec-
tions 504, 506 and 507. Roof parking is permitted.

406.4.2 Ventilation. A mechanical ventilation system shall
be provided in accordance with the California Mechanical
Code.

406.5 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities.

406.5.1 Construction. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities
shall be constructed in accordance with the California Fire
Code and this section.

406.5.2 Canopies. Canopies under which fuels are dis-
pensed shall have a clear, unobstructed height of not less
than 13 feet 6 inches (4115 mm) to the lowest projecting ele-
ment in the vehicle drive-through area. Canopies and their
supports over pumps shall be of noncombustible materials,
fire-retardant-treated wood complying with Chapter 23,
wood of Type IV sizes or of construction providing 1-hour
fire resistance. Combustible materials used in or on a can-
opy shall comply with one of the following:

1. Shielded from the pumps by a noncombustible ele-
ment of the canopy, or wood of Type IV sizes;

2. Plastics covered by aluminum facing having a mini-
mum thickness of 0.010 inch (0.30 mm) or corro-
sion-resistant steel having a minimum base metal
thickness of 0.016 inch (0.41 mm). The plastic shall
have a flame spread index of 25 or less and a
smoke-deVeloped index of 450 or less when tested in
the form intended for use in accordance with ASTM E
84 and a self-ignition temperature of 650°F (343°C)
or greater when tested in accordance with ASTM D
1929; or

3. Panels constructed of light-transmitting plastic mate-
rials shall be permitted to be installed in canopies
erected over motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station
fuel dispensers, provided the panels are located at
least 10 feet (3048 mm) from any building on the
same lot and face yards or streets not less than 40 feet
(12 192 mm) in width on the other sides. The aggre-
gate areas of plastics shall not exceed 1,000 square
feet (93 m^). The maximum area of any individual
panel shall not exceed 100 square feet (9.3 m^).

406.5.2.1 Canopies used to support gaseous hydrogen
systems. Canopies that are used to shelter dispensing
operations where flammable compressed gases are
located on the roof of the canopy shdl be in accordance
with the following:

1 . The canopy shall meet or exceed Type I construc-
tion requirements. ^

2. Operations located under canopies shall be limited
to refueling only.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

3. The canopy shall be constructed in a manner that
prevents the accumulation of hydrogen gas.

406.6 Repair garages.

406.6.1 General. Repair garages shall be constructed in
accordance with the California Fire Code and this section.
This occupancy shall not include motor fuel-dispensing
facilities, as regulated in Section 406.5.

406.6.2 Mixed uses. Mixed uses shall be allowed in the
same building as a repair garage subject to the provisions of
Section 508.3.

406.6.3 Ventilation. Repair garages shall be mechanically
ventilated in accordance with the California Mechanical
Code. The ventilation system shall be controlled at the
entrance to the garage.

406.6.4 Floor surface. Repair garage floors shall be of con-
crete or similar noncombustible and nonabsorbent materi-
als.

Exception: Slip-resistant, nonabsorbent, interior floor
finishes having a critical radiant flux not more than 0.45
W/cm^, as determined by NFPA 253 , shall be permitted.

406.6.5 Heating equipment. Heating equipment shall be
installed in accordance with the California Mechanical
Code.

[F] 406.6.6 Gas detection system. Repair garages used for
repair of vehicles fueled by nonodorized gases, such as
hydrogen and nonodorized LNG, shall be provided with an
approved flammable gas-detection system.

[F] 406.6.6.1 System design. The flammable gas-detec-
tion system shall be calibrated to the types of fuels or
gases used by vehicles to be repaired. The gas detection
system shall be designed to activate when the level of
flammable gas exceeds 25 percent of the lower explosive
Umit. Gas detection shall also be provided in lubrication
or chassis repair pits of garages used for repairing
nonodorized LNG-fueled vehicles.

[F] 406.6.6.2 Operation. Activation of the gas detection
system shall result in all of the following:

1. Initiation of distinct audible and visual alarm sig-
nals in the repair garage.

2. Deactivation of all heating systems located in the
repair garage.

3. Activation of the mechanical ventilation system,
where the system is interlocked with gas detection.

[F] 406.6.6.3 Failure of the gas detection system. Fail-
ure of the gas detection system shall result in the deacti-
vation of the heating system, activation of the
mechanical ventilation system when the system is inter-
locked with the gas detection system and cause a trouble
signal to sound in an approved location.

406. 7 Electric vehicle. [SFM]

406.7.1 Electric vehicle. An automotive-type vehicle for
highway use, such as passenger automobiles, buses, trucks,
vans and the like, primarily powered by an electric motor
that draws current from a rechargeable storage battery, fuel

cell, photovoltaic array or other source of electric current.
For the purpose of this chapter, electric motorcycles and
similar-type vehicles and off-road self-propelled electric
vehicles such as industrial trucks, hoists, lifts, transports,
golf carts, airline ground support equipment, tractors,
boats and the like, are not included.

406.7.2 Charging. In any building or interior area used for
charging electric vehicles, electrical equipment shall be
installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

406.7.3 Ventilation. Mechanical exhaust ventilation, when
required by the California Electrical Code, shall be pro-
vided at a rate as required by Article 625 or as required by
Section 1203 of the California Building Code, whichever is
greater The ventilation system shall include both the supply
and exhaust equipment and shall be permanently installed
and located to intake supply air from the outdoors, and vent
the exhaust directly to, the outdoors without conducting the
exhaust air through other spaces within the building.

Exception: Positive pressure ventilation systems shall
only be allowed in buildings or areas that have been
designed and approved for that application.

406.7.4 Electrical interface. The electrical supply circuit to
electrically powered mechanical ventilation equipment
shall be interlocked with the recharging equipment used to
supply the vehicle(s) being charged, and shall remain ener-
gized during the entire charging cycle. Electric vehicle
recharging equipment shall be marked or labeled in accor-
dance with the California Electrical Code.

Exceptions:

1. Exhaust ventilation shall not be required in areas
with an approved engineered ventilation system,
which maintains a hydrogen gas concentration at
less than 25 percent of the lower flammability
limit.

2. Mechanical exhaust ventilationfor hydrogen shall
not be required where the charging equipment uti-
lized is installed and listed for indoor charging of
electric vehicles without ventilation.

SECTION 407
GROUP 1-2

407.1 General. Occupancies in Groups 1-2 and 1-2.1 shall
comply with the provisions of this section and other applicable
provisions of this code.

407.2 Corridors. Corridors in occupancies in Groups 1-2 and
1-2.1 shall be continuous to the exits and separated from other
areas in accordance with Section 407.3 except spaces conform-
ing to Sections 407.2.1 through 407.2.4.

407.2.1 Spaces, of unlimited area. Waiting areas and simi-
lar spaces constructed as required for corridors shall be per-
mitted to be open to a corridor, only where all of the
following criteria are met:

1 . The spaces are not occupied for patient sleeping units,
treatment rooms, hazardous or incidental use areas
listed in Table 508.2.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

2. The open space is protected by an automatic smoke
detection system installed in accordance with Section
907.2.6.2

3. The corridors onto which the spaces open, in the same
smoke compartment, are protected by an automatic
smoke detection system installed in accordance with
Section 907.2.6.2, and the smoke compartment in
which the spaces are located is equipped throughout
with quick-response sprinklers in accordance with
Section 903.3.2.

4. The space is arranged so as not to obstruct access to
the required exits.

J. Each space is located to permit direct visual supervi-
sion by the facility staff.

407.2.2 Nurses' stations. Spaces for doctors' and nurses'
charting, communications and related clerical areas shall be
permitted to be open to the corridor, when such spaces are
constructed as required for corridors and the smoke com-
partment is providedwithan automatic fire sprinkler system
throughout complying with Section 903.3.1.1. A minimum
of one smoke detector interconnected to the facility fire
alarm system shall be installed directly above the nurses'
station.

407.2.3 Mental health treatment areas. Areas wherein
mental health patients who are not capable of self-preserva-
tion are housed, or group meeting or multipurpose therapeu-
tic spaces other than incidental use areas as defined in
Section 508.2, under continuous supervision by facility
staff, shall be permitted to be open to the corridor, where the
following criteria are met:

1. Each area does not exceed 1,500 square feet(140m^).

2. The area is located to permit supervision by the facil-
ity staff.

3 . The area is arranged so as not to obstruct any access to
the required exits.

4. The area is equipped with an automatic fire detection
system installed in accordance with Section 907.2.

5. Not more than one such space is permitted in any one
smoke compartment.

6. The walls and ceilings of the space are constructed as
required for corridors.

407.2.4 Gift shops. Gift shops less than 500 square feet
(46.5 m^) in area shall be permitted to be open to the corridor
provided the gift shop and storage areas are fully
sprinklered and storage areas are protected in accordance
with Section 508.2.

407.3 Corridor walls. Corridor walls shall be constructed as
fire partitions in accordance with Section 108.

407.3.1 Corridor doors. Corridor doors in fully sprinklered
buildings, other than those in a wall required to be rated by
Section 508.2 or for the enclosure of a vertical opening or an
exit, shall not have a required fire protection rating, but shall
provide an effective barrier to limit the transfer of smoke
and shall be equipped with positive latching. Roller latches
are not permitted. Other doors shall conform to Section
715.4. In Group 1-2 occupancies, self-closing or auto-

matic-closing devices are not required on corridor doors to
patient sleeping rooms, treatment rooms and offices located
in areas specified in Sections 1224 and 1225, excluding
offices specified in Sections 1224.21 and 1225.8.

407.3.1.1 Swing of corridor doors. Corridor doors,
other than those equipped with self-closing or auto-
matic-closing devices, shall not swing into the required
width of corridors.

407.3.2 Locking devices. Locking devices that restrict
access to the patient room from the corridor, and that are
operable only by staff from the corridor side, shall not
restrict the means of egress firom the patient room except for
patient rooms in mental health facilities.

407.3.3 Glazing. In fully sprinklered buildings, fixed fully
tempered or laminated glass in wood or metal frames may
be used in corridor walls, provided the glazed area does not
exceed 25 percent of the areas of the corridor wall of the
room. The total area of glass in corridor walls is not limited
when the glazing is fixed V4-inch-thick (6.4 mm) wired glass
in steel frames and the size of individual glazed panel does
not exceed 1,296 square inches (0.836 m^).

407.4 Smoke barriers. Smoke barriers shall be provided to
subdivide every story used by patients for sleeping or treatment
and to divide other stories with an occupant load of 50 or more
persons, into at least two smoke compartments. Such stories
shall be divided into smoke compartments with an area of not
more than 22,500 square feet (2092 m^) and the travel distance
from any point in a smoke compartment to a smoke barrier door
shall not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm). The smoke barrier shall
be in accordance with Sections 709 and 909.5.

Exceptions:

1. This requirement shall not apply to Group 1-2.1 facili-
ties less than 10,000 square feet (929 rr?).

2. An area in an adjoining occupancy shall be permitted
to serve as a smoke compartment for a Group 1-2. 1 fa-
cility if the following criteria are met:

2.1. The separating wall and both compartments
meet the requirements of Section 407.4.

2.2. Group 1-2.1 is less than 22,500 square feet
(2,100 m').

2.3. Access from Group 1-2.1 to the other occu-
pancy is unrestricted.

407.4.1 Refuge area. At least 30 net square feet (2.8 m^) per
patient shall be provided within the aggregate area of corri-
dors, patientrooms, treatmentrooms, lounge or dining areas
and other low-hazard areas on each side of each smoke bar-
rier. On floors not housing patients confined to a bed or lit-
ter, at least 6 net square feet (0.56 m^) per occupant shall be
provided on each side of each smoke barrier for the total
number of occupants in adjoining smoke compartments.

407.4.2 Independent egress. At least two means of egress
shall be provided from each smoke compartment created by
smoke barriers. Means of egress may pass through adjacent
compartments provided it does not return through the
smoke compartment from which means of egress
originated.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

[F] 407.5 Automatic sprinkler system. Every facility as spec-
ified herein wherein more than six clients or patients are
housed or cared for on the premises on a 24-hour-per-day
basis shall have installed and maintained in an operable con-
dition in every building or portion thereof where clients or
patients are housed, an automatic sprinkler system of a type
approved by the State Fire Marshal. The provisions of this sub-
section shall apply to every person, firm or corporation estab-
lishing, maintaining or operating a hospital, children's home,
children's nursery or institution, or a home or institution for
the care of aged or persons with dementia or other cognitive
impairments, or any institution for persons with mental illness
or persons with developmental disabilities and any nursing or
convalescent home, and to any state-owned or state-occupied
building usedforany of the types of facilities specified herein.

Exceptions:

1. This section shall not apply to homes or institutions
for the 24-hour-per-day care of ambulatory children
if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

1.1. The buildings or portions thereof in which
children are housed are not more than two sto-
ries in height and are constructed and main-
tained in accordance with regulations
adopted by the State Fire Marshal.

1.2. The buildings or portions thereof housing
more than six such children shall have in-
stalled and maintained in an operable condi-
tion therein, a fire alarm system of a type
approved by the State Fire Marshal. Such sys-
tem shall be activated by detectors responding
to invisible particles of combustion other than
heat, except that detectors used in closets, us-
able under-floor areas, storage rooms, bath-
rooms, attached garages, attics, plenums,
laundry rooms and rooms of similar use, may
be heat-responsive devices.

1.3. The buildings or portions thereof do not house
persons with mental illness or children with
developmental disabilities.

2. This section shall not apply to any one-story building
or structure of an institution or home for the care of
the aged providing 24-hour-per-day care if such
building or structure is used or intended to be used for
the housing of no more than six ambulatory aged per-
sons. Such buildings or institutions shall have in-
stalled and maintained in an operable condition
herein afire alarm system of a type approved by the
State Fire Marshal. Such system shall be activated by
detectors responding to either visible or invisible par-
ticles of combustion other than heat, except that de-
tectors used in closets, usable under-floor areas,
storage rooms, bathrooms, attached garages, attics,
plenums, laundry rooms and rooms of similar use,
may be heat-responsive devices.

3. This section shall not apply to occupancies or any al-
terations thereto conforming to the construction pro-
visions of this exception which were under
construction or in existence on March 4, 1972. "Un-

der construction " as used in this exception shall mean
that actual work had been performed on the construc-
tion site and shall not be construed to mean that the
hospital, home, nursery, institution, sanitarium or
any portion thereof, was or is in the planning stage.
The provisions of this exception shall apply to those
buildings or structures having bearing walls and
structural flame protected in accordance with the pro-
visions of Column Type lA of Table 601.

4. In detention facilities where inmates are not re-
strained.

The provisions of this section shall not apply to any facil-
ity used to house six or less persons on the premises.

407.5.1 When a new addition is to be made to an
unsprinklered building or structure as permitted by this sub-
section, such new addition shall be sprinklered as required
by this section and shall be separated from the existing
building or structures by not less than a 2-hour flre-resistive
fire barrier.

When a sprinkler system is added to an existing
unsprinklered building or structure, the sprinklered area(s)
shall be separated from the remainder of the building by not
less than a 1 -hour fire-resistive fire barrier.

The provisions of this section do not apply to any facility
used to house six or less persons on the premises.

[F] 407.6 Automatic smoke detection. See Section 907.2. 6.2.

Wl.l Secured yards. Grounds are permitted to be fenced and
gates therein are permitted to be equipped with locks, provided
that safe dispersal areas having 30 net square feet (2.8 m^) for
bed and litter patients and 6 net square feet (0.56 m^) for ambu-
latory patients and other occupants are located between the
building and the fence. Such provided safe dispersal areas shall
not be located less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the building
they serve. Each safe dispersal area shall have a minimum of
two exits. The aggregate clear width of exits from a safe dis-
persal area shall be determined on the basis of not less than one
exit unit of 22 inches (559 mm) for each 500 persons to be
accommodated, and no exit shall be less than 44 inches (1118
mm) in width. Gates shall not be installed across corridors or
passageways leading to such dispersal areas unless they com-
ply with egress requirements. Keys to gate locks shall be pro-
vided in accordance with the California Fire Code.

407.8 Special hazards.

407.8.1 Storage and handling of flammable, combustible
liquids and hazardous materials shall be in accordance with
the California Fire Code.

407.8.2 All exterior openings in a boiler room or room con-
taining central heating equipment, if located below open-
ings in another story, or if less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from
other doors or windows of the same building, shall be pro-
tected by afire assembly having a ^/4-hour fire protection
rating.

407.8.3 Safety padding. See Sections 308.1 and 408.14.

407.8.4 Floor surfaces. Rooms occupied by patients whose
personal liberties are restrained shall have noncombustible
floor surfaces (see Sections 308.1 and 804.4.2),

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SECTION 408
GROUP 1-3

408.1 General. Occupancies in Group 1-3 shall comply with
the provisions of this section and other applicable provisions of
this code (see Section 308.4).

408.1.1 Construction. Group 1-3 occupancies shall be
housed in buildings of Type lA or IB.

Exception: Such occupancies may be housed in
one-story buildings of Type IIA, IIIA or VA construction
provided the floor area does not exceed 5, 200 square feet
(483 rr?) between fire walls of 2-hour fire-resistive con-
struction with openings protected by fire assemblies hav-
ing P/2-hour fire protection rating.

408.2 Mixed occupancies. Portions of buildings with an occu-
pancy in Group 1-3 that are classified as a different occupancy
shall meet the applicable requirements of this code for such
occupancies. Where security operations necessitate the lock-
ing of required means of egress, provisions shall be made for
the release of occupants at all times.

Means of egress from detention and correctional occupan-
cies that traverse other use areas shall, as a minimum, conform
to requirements for detention and correctional occupancies.

Exceptions:

1 . It is permissible to exit through a horizontal exit into
other contiguous occupancies that do not conform to
detention and correctional occupancy egress provi-
sions but that do comply with requirements set forth
in the appropriate occupancy, as long as the occu-
pancy is not a high-hazard use.

2. Regardless of the provisions of Section 508, laundry
areas and kitchens including associated dining areas,
where commercial/institutional equipment is used,
shall be separated from the remainder of the building
by construction capable of resisting the passage of
smoke.

3. For the purpose of occupancy separation only pris-
oner docks directly accessory to courtrooms need not
be separated from a courtroom.

408.3 Means of egress. Except as modified or as provided for
in this section, the provisions of Chapter 10 shall apply.

408.3.1 Door width. Doors to resident sleeping units shall
have a clear width of not less than 28 inches (711 mm).

408.3.1.1 Cell doors shall open outwardly or slide later-
ally.

408.3.2 Sliding doors. Where doors in a means of egress
are of the horizontal-sliding type, the force to sUde the door
to its fully open position shall not exceed 50 pounds (220 N)
with a perpendicular force against the door of 50 pounds
(220 N).

408.3.3 Spiral stairs. Spiral stairs that conform to the
requirements of Section 1009.8 are permitted for access to
and between staff locations.

408.3.4 Exit discharge.

408.3.4.1 Exits are permitted to discharge into a fenced
or walled courtyard. Enclosed yards or courts shall be of
a size to accommodate all occupants, a minimum of 50
feet (15 240 mm) from the building with a net area of 3
square feet ( 1 .4 m^) per person. A gate shall be provided
from the safe dispersal area to allow for the necessary
relocation of occupants.

408.3.4.2 Exterior fenced enclosures and fenced enclo-
sures utilized for recreational or activity purposes, used
for exit termination for more than 20 persons, and which
do not provide a safe dispersal area, shall have not less
than two exits.

408.3.4.3 Fenced enclosures utilized for recreational or
activity purposes only, for more than 49 people, and
which do not provide a safe dispersal area, shall be pro-
vided with not less than two exits.

408.3.4.4 Fenced enclosures located on roofs of build-
ings one or more stories in height shall be provided with
not less than two exits regardless of occupant load.

408.3.5 Sallyports. A sallyport shall be permitted in a
means of egress where there are provisions for continuous
and unobstructed passage through the sallyport during an
emergency egress condition.

408.3.6 Exit enclosures.

408.3.6.1 One of the required exit enclosures in each
building shall be permitted to have glazing installed in
doors and interior walls at each landing level providing
access to the enclosure, provided that the following con-
ditions are met:

1. The exit enclosures shall not serve more than four
floor levels.

2. Exit doors shall not be less than ^-hour fire door
assemblies complying with Section 715.4.

3. The total area of glazing at each floor level shall
not exceed 5,000 square inches (3m^) and individ-
ual panels of glazing shall not exceed 1 ,296 square
inches {O.^Axo?).

4. The glazing shall be protected on both sides by an
automatic fire sprinkler system. The sprinkler sys-
tem shall be designed to wet completely the entire
surface of any glazing affected by fire when
actuated.

5. The glazing shall be in a gasketed frame and in-
stalled in such a manner that the framing system
will deflect without breaking (loading) the glass
before the sprinkler system operates.

6. Obstructions, such as curtain rods, drapery tra-
verse rods, curtains, drapes or similar materials
shall not be installed between the automatic sprin-
klers and glazing.

408.3.6.2 Where the number and arrangement of exits
complies with the requirements of Chapter 10, other
stairways which occur within the secure area of the
detention facility and are not used for required exiting

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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but are used primarily for the movement of inmates and
security stajfneed not extend to the exterior.

408.4 Locks. Egress doors are permitted to be locked in accor-
dance with the applicable use condition. Doors from an area of
refuge to the exterior are permitted to be locked with a key in
lieu of locking methods described in Section 408.4. 1 . The keys
to unlock the exterior doors shall be available at all times and
the locks shall be operable from both sides of the door. Security
hardware may be used on any fire-rated door.

408.4.1 Remote release. Remote release of locks on doors
in a means of egress shall be provided with reliable means of
operation, remote from the resident living areas, to release
locks on all required doors. In Occupancy Conditions 3 or 4,
the arrangement, accessibility and security of the release
mechanism(s) required for egress shall be such that with the
minimum available staff at any time, the lock mechanisms
are capable of being released within 2 minutes.

Exception: Provisions for remote locking and unlocking
of occupied rooms in Occupancy Condition 4 are not
required provided that not more than 10 locks are neces-
sary to be unlocked in order to move occupants from one
smoke compartment to a refuge area within 3 minutes.
The opening of necessary locks shall be accomplished
with not more than two separate keys.

408.4.2 Power-operated doors and locks. Power-operated
sliding doors or power-operated locks for swinging doors
shall be operable by a manual release mechanism at the
door, and either emergency power or a remote mechanical
operating release shall be provided.

Exception: Emergency power is not required in facilities
with 10 locks or less complying with the exception to
Section 408.4.1.

408.4.3 Redundant operation. Mechanically operated
sliding doors or mechanically operated locks shall be pro-
vided with a mechanically operated release mechanism at
each door and shall be provided with a remote release
control.

408.4.4 Relock capability. Doors remotely unlocked under
emergency conditions shall not automatically relock when
closed unless specific action is taken at the remote location
to enable doors to relock.

408.5 Vertical openings. Vertical openings shall be enclosed
in accordance with Section 707.

Exception: The open space in front of a cell tier and con-
nected chases, not exceeding two tiers in height, shall not be
considered a vertical shaft and need not meet the fire-resis-
tive shaft enclosure requirements of Section 707.

408.6 Smoke barrier. Occupancies in Group 1-3 shall have
smoke barriers complying with Section 709 to divide every
story occupied by residents for sleeping, or any other story hav-
ing an occupant load of 50 or more persons, into at least two
smoke compartments.

Exception: Spaces having a direct exit to one of the follow-
ing, provided that the locking arrangement of the doors

involved complies with the requirements for doors at the
smoke barrier for the use condition involved:

1. A public way.

2. A building separated from the resident housing area
by a 2-hour fire-resistance-rated assembly or 50 feet
(15 240 mm) of open space.

3 . A secured yard or court having a holding space 50 feet
(15 240 mm) from the housing area that provides 6
square feet (0.56 m^) or more of refuge area per occu-
pant, including residents, staff and visitors.

4. Holding facility.

408.6.1 Smoke compartments. The maximum number of
residents in any smoke compartment shall be 200. The
travel distance to a door in a smoke barrier from any room
door required as exit access shall not exceed 150 feet (45
720 mm). The travel distance to a door in a smoke barrier
from any point in a room shall not exceed 200 feet (60 960
mm).

408.6.2 Refuge area. At least 6 net square feet (0.56 m^) per
occupant shall be provided on each side of each smoke bar-
rier for the total number of occupants in adjoining smoke
compartments. This space shall be readily available wher-
ever the occupants are moved across the smoke baiTier in a
fire emergency.

408.6.3 Independent egress. A means of egress shall be
provided from each smoke compartment created by smoke
barriers without having to return through the smoke com-
partment from which means of egress originates.

408.7 Subdivision of areas. Each cell complex shall be sepa-
rated from other cell complexes or other spaces by a
smoke-tight partition.

408.7.1 Smoke-tight doors. Doors in openings in partitions
required to be smoke tight by Section 408.7 shall be sub-
stantial doors, of construction that will resist the passage of
smoke. Latches and door closures are not required on cell
doors.

408.8 Windowless buildings. For the purposes of this section,
a windowless building or portion of a building is one with
nonopenable windows, windows not readily breakable or with-
out windows. Windowless buildings shall be provided with an
engineered smoke control system to provide ventilation
(mechanical or natural) in accordance with Section 909 for
each windowless smoke compartment.

408.9 Nonbearing walls and interior partitions. Nonbearing
cell or dormitory walls within cell complexes shall be of
noncombustible construction.

408.10 Cells with open bars. In buildings protected throughout
by an automatic sprinkler system and automatic fire detection
system, corridor doors or walls of cells and dormitories may be
of open bars, perforated metal, grilles or other similar con-
struction.

408.11 Dead-end balconies. Exit balconies serving cell tiers
shall not extend more than 50 feet (15240 mm) beyond an exit
stairway.

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408.12 Emergency and standby power systems. Special elec-
trical systems, exit illumination, power installations and alter-
nate on-site electrical supplies shall be provided for every
building or portion of a building housing 10 or more inmates in
a detention or correctional facility in accordance with the pro-
visions of the California Electrical Code. There shall be a
source of emergency power in all detentionfacilities capable of
providing minimal lighting in all housing units, activity areas,
corridors, stairs and central control points, and to maintain
fire and life safety, security, communications and alarm
systems.

408.13 Windows. In security areas within cell complexes
sprinklered throughout, the area of glazing in 1-hour corridor
walls and smoke barrier walls shall not be restricted, provided:

1. All openings are protected by fixed glazing listed and la-
beled for fire protection of at least ^/4-hour; or

2. Fixed security glazing set in noncombustible frames
shall comply with the minimum requirements of one of
the following test standards: ASTM F 1233-98, Class III
glass, or California Department of Corrections, CDC
860-94d or H.P. White Laboratory, Inc.,
HPW-TP-0500.02, Forced Entry Level III

3. In lieu of the sizes set forth in the California Building
Code, the size and area of glazed assemblies shall con-
form to the following:

Windows required to have a ^/^-hour fire-resistive rat-
ing or windows protected by fixed security glazing, as
delineated in Items 1 and 2 above, may have an area not
greater than 84 square feet (7.8 m^) with neither width
nor height exceeding 12 feet (3658 mm).

408.14 Safety padding. Padding material used on walls, floors
and ceilings in Group I occupancies shall be of an approved
type tested in accordance with the procedures established by
State Fire Marshal Standard 12-8-100, Room Fire Test for Wall
and Ceiling Materials, Part 12, Title 24, California Code of
Regulations.

SECTION 409
MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ROOMS

409.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to
rooms in which ribbon-type cellulose acetate or other safety
film is utilized in conjunction with electric arc, xenon or other
light-source projection equipment that develops hazardous
gases, dust or radiation. Where cellulose nitrate film is utihzed
or stored, such rooms shall comply with NFPA 40.

409.1.1 Projection room required. Every motion picture
machine projecting film as mentioned within the scope of
this section shall be enclosed in a projection room. Appurte-
nant electrical equipment, such as rheostats, transformers
and generators, shall be within the projection room or in an
adjacent room of equivalent construction.

409.2 Construction of projection rooms. Every projection
room shall be of permanent construction consistent with the
construction requirements for the type of building in which the

projection room is located. Openings are not required to be
protected.

The room shall have a floor area of not less than 80 square
feet (7.44 m^) for a single machine and at least 40 square feet
(3.7 m^) for each additional machine. Each motion picture pro-
jector, floodUght, spotlight or similar piece of equipment shall
have a clear working space of not less than 30 inches by 30
inches (762 mm by 762 mm) on each side and at the rear
thereof, but only one such space shall be required between two
adjacent projectors. The projection room and the rooms appur-
tenant thereto shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet 6
inches (2286 mm). The aggregate of openings for projection
equipment shall not exceed 25 percent of the area of the wall
between the projection room and the auditorium. Openings
shall be provided with glass or other approved material, so as to
close completely the opening.

409.3 Projection room and equipment ventilation. Ventila-
tion shall be provided in accordance with the California
Mechanical Code.

409.3.1 Supply air. Each projection room shall be provided
with adequate air supply inlets so arranged as to provide
well-distributed air throughout the room. Air inlet ducts
shall provide an amount of air equivalent to the amount of
air being exhausted by projection equipment. Air is permit-
ted to be taken from the outside; from adjacent spaces
within the building, provided the volume and infiltration
rate is sufficient; or from the building air-conditioning sys-
tem, provided it is so arranged as to provide sufficient air
when other systems are not in operation.

409.3.2 Exhaust air. Projection rooms are permitted to be
exhausted through the lamp exhaust system. The lamp
exhaust system shall be positively interconnected with the
lamp so that the lamp will not operate unless there is the
required airflow. Exhaust air ducts shall terminate at the
exterior of the building in such a location that the exhaust air
cannot be readily recirculated into any air supply system.
The projection room ventilation system is penmitted to also
serve appurtenant rooms, such as the generator and rewind
rooms.

409.3.3 Projection machines. Each projection machine
shall be provided with an exhaust duct that will draw air
from each lamp and exhaust it directly to the outside of the
building. The lamp exhaust is permitted to serve to exhaust
air from the projection room to provide room air circulation.
Such ducts shall be of rigid materials, except for a flexible
connector approved for the purpose. The projection lamp or
projection room exhaust system, or both, is permitted to be
combined but shall not be interconnected with any other
exhaust or return system, or both, within the building.

409.4 Lighting control. Provisions shall be made for control
of the auditorium Ughting and the means of egress Ughting sys-
tems of theaters from inside the projection room and from at
least one other convenient point in the building.

409.5 Miscellaneous equipment. Each projection room shall
be provided with rewind and film storage facilities.

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SECTION 410
STAGES AND PLATFORMS

410.1 Applicability. The provisions of this section shall apply
to all parts of buildings and structures that contain stages or
platforms and similar appurtenances as herein defined.

410.2 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this section and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

FLY GALLERY. A raised floor area above a stage from which
the movement of scenery and operation of other stage effects
are controlled.

GRIDIRON. The structural framing over a stage supporting
equipment for hanging or flying scenery and other stage
effects.

PINRAIL. A rail on or above a stage through which belaying
pins are inserted and to which lines are fastened.

PLATFORM. A raised area within a building used for wor-
ship, the presentation of music, plays or other entertainment;
the head table for special guests; the raised area for lecturers
and speakers; boxing and wrestUng rings; theater-in-the-round
stages; and similar purposes wherein there are no overhead
hanging curtains, drops, scenery or stage effects other than
Hghting and sound. A temporary platform is one installed for
not more than 30 days.

PROSCENIUM WALL. The wall that separates the stage
from the auditorium or assembly seating area.

STAGE. A space within a building utilized for entertainment
or presentations, which includes overhead hanging curtains,
drops, scenery or stage effects other than lighting and sound.

410.3 Stages. Stage construction shall comply with Sections
410.3.1 through 410.3.7.

410.3.1 Stage construction. Stages shall be constructed of
materials as required for floors for the type of construction
of the building in which such stages are located.

Exceptions:

1 . Stages of Type UB or IV construction with a nomi-
nal 2-inch (51 mm) wood deck, provided that the
stage is separated from other areas in accordance
with Section 410.3.4.

2. In buildings of Type IIA, IIIA and VA construc-
tion, a fire-resistance-rated floor is not required,
provided the space below the stage is equipped
with an automatic fire-extinguishing system in ac-
cordance with Section 903 or 904.

3. In all types of construction, the finished floor shall
be constructed of wood or approved
noncombustible materials. Openings through
stage floors shall be equipped with tight-fitting,
solid wood trap doors with approved safety locks.

410.3.1.1 Stage height and area. Stage areas shall be
measured to include the entire performance area and
adjacent backstage and support areas not separated from
the performance area by fire-resistance-rated construc-
tion. Stage height shall be measured from the lowest

point on the stage floor to the highest point of the roof or
floor deck above the stage.

410.3.2 Galleries, gridirons, catvcalks and pinrails.

Beams designed only for the attachment of portable or fixed
theater equipment, gridirons, galleries and catwalks shall be
constructed of approved materials consistent with the
requirements for the type of construction of the building;
and a fire-resistance rating shall not be required. These areas
shall not be considered to be floors, stories, mezzanines or
levels in applying this code.

Exception: Floors of fly galleries and catwalks shall be
constructed of any approved material.

410.3.3 Exterior stage doors. Where protection of open-
ings is requhed, exterior exit doors shall be protected with
fire door assemblies that comply with Section 715. Exterior
openings that are located on the stage for means of egress or
loading and unloading purposes, and that are likely to be
open during occupancy of the theater, shall be constructed
with vestibules to prevent air drafts into the auditorium.

410.3.4 Proscenium wall. Where the stage height is greater
than 50 feet (15 240 mm), all portions of the stage shall be
completely separated from the seating area by a proscenium
wall with not less than a 2-hour fire-resistance rating
extending continuously from the foundation to the roof.

410.3.5 Proscenium curtain. Where a proscenium wall is
required to have a fire-resistance rating, the stage opening
shall be provided with a fire curtain of approved material or
an approved water curtain complying with Section
903 . 3 . 1 . 1 . The fire curtain shall be designed and installed to
intercept hot gases, flames and smoke and to prevent a glow
from a severe fire on the stage from showing on the audito-
rium side for a period of 20 minutes. The closing of the fire
curtain from the full open position shall be accomplished in
less than 30 seconds, with the last 8 feet (243 8 mm) of travel
requiring 5 or more seconds for full closure.

410.3.5.1 Activation. The curtain shall be activated by
rate-of-rise heat detection installed in accordance with
Section 907.10 operating at a rate of temperature rise of
15 to 20°F per minute (8 to 1 1°C per minute), and by an
auxiliary manual control.

410.3.5.2 Fire test. A sample curtain with a minimum of
two vertical seams shall be subjected to the standard fire
test specified in ASTM E 119 for a period of 30 minutes.
The curtain shall overlap the furnace edges by an amount
that is appropriate to seal the top and sides. The curtain
shall have a bottom pocket containing a minimum of 4
pounds per Hnear foot (5.9 kg/m) of batten. The exposed
surface of the curtain shall not glow, and flame or smoke
shall not penetrate the curtain during the test period.
Unexposed surface temperature and hose stream test
requirements are not applicable to the proscenium fire
safety curtain test.

410.3.5.3 Smoke test. Curtain fabrics shall have a
smoke-developed rating of 25 or less when tested in
accordance with ASTM E 84.

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410.3.5.4 Tests. The completed proscenium curtain shall
be subjected to operating tests prior to the issuance of a
certificate of occupancy.

410.3.6 Scenery. Combustible materials used in sets and
scenery shall meet the fire propagation performance criteria
of NFPA 701, in accordance with Section 806 and the Cali-
fornia Fire Code. Foam plastics and materials containing
foam plastics shall comply with Section 2603 and the Cali-
fornia Fire Code.

410.3.7 Stage ventilation. Emergency ventilation shall be
provided for stages larger than 1,000 square feet (93 m^) in
floor area, or with a stage height greater than 50 feet (15 240
mm). Such ventilation shall comply with Section 410.3.7.1
or 410.3.7.2.

410.3.7.1 Roof vents. Two or more vents constructed to
open automatically by approved heat-activated devices
and with an aggregate clear opening area of not less than
5 percent of the area of the stage shall be located near the
center and above the highest part of the stage area. Sup-
plemental means shaU be provided for manual operation
of the ventilator. Curbs shall be provided as required for
skylights in Section 2610.2. Vents shall be labeled.

[F] 410.3.7.2 Smoke control. Smoke control in accor-
dance with Section 909 shall be provided to maintain the
smoke layer interface not less than 6 feet (1829 mm)
above the highest level of the assembly seating or above
the top of the proscenium opening where a proscenium
wall is provided in compliance with Section 410.3.4.

410.4 Platform construction. Permanent platforms shall be
constructed of materials as required for the type of construction
of the building in which the permanent platform is located. Per-
manent platforms are permitted to be constructed of frre-retar-
dant-treated wood for Type I, n, and IV construction where the
platforms are not more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the
main floor, and not more than one-third of the room floor area
and not more than 3 ,000 square feet (279 m^) in area. Where the
space beneath the permanent platform is used for storage or any
other purpose other than equipment, wiring or plumbing, the
floor construction shall not be less than 1-hour fire-resis-
tance-rated construction. Where the space beneath the perma-
nent platform is used only for equipment, wiring or plumbing,
the underside of the permanent platform need not be protected.

410.4.1 Temporary platforms. Platforms installed for a
period of not more than 30 days are permitted to be con-
structed of any materials permitted by the code. The space
between the floor and the platform above shall only be used
for plumbing and electrical wiring to platform equipment.

410.5 Dressing and appurtenant rooms. Dressing and appur-
tenant rooms shall comply with Sections 410.5.1 through
410.5.3.

410.5.1 Separation from stage. Where the stage height is
greater than 50 feet (15 240 mm), the stage shall be sepa-
rated from dressing rooms, scene docks, property rooms,
workshops, storerooms and compartments appurtenant to
the stage and other parts of the building by a fire barrier with
not less than a 2-hour fire-resistance rating with approved

opening protectives. For stage heights of 50 feet (15 240
mm) or less, the required stage separation shall be a fire bar-
rier with not less llian a 1-hour fire-resistance rating with
approved opening protectives.

410.5.2 Separation from each other. Dressing rooms,
scene docks, property rooms, workshops, storerooms and
compartments appurtenant to the stage shall be separated
from each other by fire barriers with not less than a 1-hour
fire-resistance rating with approved opening protectives.

410.5.3 Stage exits. At least one approved means of egress
shall be provided from each side of the stage and from each
side of the space under the stage. At least one means of
escape shall be provided from each fly gallery and from the
gridiron. A steel ladder, alternating tread staurway or spiral
stairway is permitted to be provided from the gridiron to a
scuttle in the stage roof.

[F] 410.6 Automatic sprinkler system. Stages shall be
equipped with an automatic fire-extinguishing system in
accordance with Chapter 9. Sprinklers shall be installed under
the roof and gridiron and under all catwalks and galleries over
the stage. Sprinklers shall be installed in dressing rooms, per-
former lounges, shops and storerooms accessory to such
stages.

Exceptions:

1 . Sprinklers are not required under stage areas less than
4 feet (1219 mm) in clear height that are utilized ex-
clusively for storage of tables and chairs, provided the
concealed space is separated from the adjacent spaces
by not less than Vg-inch (15.9 mm) Type X gypsum
board.

2. Sprinklers are not required for stages 1,000 square
feet (93 m^) or less in area and 50 feet (15 240 mm) or
less in height where curtains, scenery or other com-
bustible hangings are not rettactable vertically. Com-
bustible hangings shall be limited to a single main
curtain, borders, legs and a single backdrop.

3. Sprinklers are not required within portable orchestra
enclosures on stages.

[F] 410.7 Standpipes. Standpipe systems shall be provided in
accordance with Section 905.

SECTION 411
SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDINGS

411.1 General. Special amusement buildings having an occu-
pant load of 50 or more shall comply with the requirements for
the appropriate Group A occupancy and this section. Amuse-
ment buildings having an occupant load of less than 50 shall
comply with the requirements for a Group B occupancy and
this section.

Exception: Amusement buildings or portions thereof that
are without walls or a roof and constructed to prevent the
accumulation of smoke.

For flammable decorative materials, see the California Fire
Code.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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411.2 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the
purpose of this section and as used elsewhere in this code, have
the meaning shown herein.

SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING. A special amuse-
ment building is any temporary or permanent building or por-
tion thereof that is occupied for amusement, entertainment or
educational purposes and that contains a device or system that
conveys passengers or provides a walkway along, around or
over a course in any direction so arranged that the means of
egress path is not readily apparent due to visual or audio dis-
tractions or is intentionally confounded or is not readily avail-
able because of the nature of the attraction or mode of
conveyance through the building or structure.

[F] 411.3 Automatic fire detection. Special amusement build-
ings shall be equipped with an automatic &e detection system
in accordance with Section 907.

[F] 411.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Special amusement
buildings shall be equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Where
the special amusement building is temporary, the sprinkler
water supply shall be of an approved temporary means.

Exception: Automatic sprinklers are not required where the
total floor area of a temporary special amusement building
is less than 1,000 square feet (93 m^) and the travel distance
from any point to an exit is less than 50 feet (15 240 mm).

[F] 411.5 Alarm. Actuation of a single smoke detector, the
automatic sprinkler system or other automatic fure detection
device shall immediately sound an alarm at the building at a
constantly attended location from which emergency action can
be initiated including the capability of manual initiation of
requirements in Section 907.2.11.2.

[F] 411.6 Emergency voice/alarm communications system.

An emergency voice/alarm communications system shall be
provided in accordance with Sections 907.2. 1 1 and 907.2.12.2,
which is also permitted to serve as a public address system and
shall be audible throughout the entire special amusement
building.

411.7 Exit marking. Exit signs shall be installed at the
required exit or exit access doorways of amusement buildings.
Approved directional exit markings shall also be provided.
Where mirrors, mazes or other designs are utilized that dis-
guise the path of egress travel such that they are not apparent,
approved low-level exit signs and directional path markings
shall be provided and located not more than 8 inches (203 mm)
above the walking surface and on or near the path of egress
travel. Such markings shall become visible in an emergency.
The directional exit marking shall be activated by the automatic
&e detection system and the automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 907.2.11.2.

411.8 Interior finish. The interior finish shall be Class A in
accordance with Section 803.1.

SECTION 412
AIRCRAFT-RELATED OCCUPANCIES

412.1 Airport traffic control towers.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

412.1.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply
to airport traffic control towers not exceeding 1,500 square
feet (140 m^) per floor occupied only for the following uses:

1. Airport traffic control cab.

2. Electrical and mechanical equipment rooms.

3. Airport terminal radar and electronics rooms.

4. Office spaces incidental to the tower operation.

5. Lounges for employees, including sanitary facilities.

412.1.2 Type of construction. Airport traffic control tow-
ers shall be constructed to comply with the height and area
limitations of Table 412.1.2.

TABLE 41 2.1 .2

HEIGHT AND AREA LIMITATIONS FOR AIRPORT TRAFFIC

CONTROL TOWERS

TYPE OF
CONSTRUCTION

HEIGHr
(feet)

MAXIMUM AREA
(square feet)

Unlimited

1,500

240

1,500

IIA

100

1,500

IIB

1,500

IHA

1,500

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.
a. Height to be measured from grade plane to cab floor

412.1.3 Egress. A minimum of one exit stairway shall be
permitted for airport traffic control towers of any height pro-
vided that the occupant load per floor does not exceed 15.
The stairway shall conform to the requirements of Section
1009. The stairway shall be separated from elevators by a
minimum distance of one-half of the diagonal of the area
served measured in a straight hue. The exit stairway and ele-
vator hoistway are permitted to be located in the same shaft
enclosure, provided they are separated from each other by a
4-hour fire barrier having no openings. Such stairway shall
be pressurized to a minimum of 0.15 inch of water column
(43 Pa) and a maximum of 0.35 inch of water column (101
Pa) in the shaft relative to the building with stairway doors
closed. Stairways need not extend to the roof as specified in
Section 1009.11. The provisions of Section 403 do not
apply.

Exception: Smokeproof enclosures as set forth in Sec-
tion 1020.1.7 are not required where required stairways
are pressurized.

[F] 412.1.4 Automatic fire detection systems. Airport traf-
fic control towers shall be provided with an automatic fire
detection system installed in accordance with Section
907.2.

[F] 412.1.5 Standby power. A standby power system that
conforms to Section 2702 shall be provided in airport traffic
control towers more than 65 feet (19 812 mm) in height.
Power shall be provided to the following equipment:

1 . Pressurization equipment, mechanical equipment and
Hghting.

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

2. Elevator operating equipment.

3. Fire alarm and smoke detection systems.

412.1.6 Accessibility. [DSA-ACJ In air traffic control tow-
ers, an accessible route shall not be required to serve the
cab and the equipment areas on the floor immediately below
the cab.

412.2 Aircraft hangars. Aircraft hangars shall be in accor-
dance with Sections 412.2.1 through 412.2.6.

412.2.1 Exterior walls. Exterior walls located less than 30
feet (9144 mm) from lot lines or a public way shall have a
foe-resistance rating not less than 2 hours.

412.2.2 Basements. Where hangars have basements, the
floor over the basement shall be of Type lA construction and
shall be made tight against seepage of water, oil or vapors.
There shall be no opening or communication between the
basement and the hangar. Access to the basement shall be
from outside only.

412.2.3 Floor surface. Floors shall be graded and drained
to prevent water or fuel from remaining on the floor. Floor
drains shall discharge through an oil separator to the sewer
or to an outside vented sump.

Exception: Aircraft hangars with individual lease
spaces not exceeding 2,000 square feet (186 m^) each in
which servicing, repaking or washing is not conducted
and fuel is not dispensed shall have floors that are graded
toward the door, but shall not requhe a separator.

412.2.4 Heating equipment. Heating equipment shall be
placed in another room separated by 2-hour fire-resis-
tance-rated construction. Entrance shall be from the outside
or by means of a vestibule providing a two-doorway
separation.

Exceptions:

1. Unit heaters and vented infrared radiant heating
equipment suspended at least 10 feet (3048 mm)
above the upper surface of wings or engine enclo-
sures of the highest aurcraft that are permitted to be
housed in the hangar and at least 8 feet (2438 mm)
above the floor in shops, offices and other sections
of the hangar communicating with storage or
service areas.

2. A single interior door shall be allowed, provided
the sources of ignition in the appUances are at least
18 inches (457 mm) above the floor.

412.2.5 Finishing. The process of "doping," involving use
of a volatile flammable solvent, or of painting, shall be car-
ried on in a separate detached building equipped with auto-
matic fire-extinguishing equipment in accordance with
Section 903.

[F] 412.2.6 Fire suppression. Aircraft hangars shall be pro-
vided with fire suppression as required by NFPA 409.

Exception: Group II hangars as defined in NFPA 409
storing private aircraft without major maintenance or
overhaul are exempt from foam suppression require-
ments.

412.3 Residential aircraft hangars. Residential aircraft han-
gars as defined in Section 412.3.1 shall comply with Sections
412.3.2 through 412.3.6.

412.3.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for
the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this
code, have the meaning shown herein.

RESIDENTIAL AIRCRAFT HANGAR. An accessory
building less than 2,000 square feet (186 m^) and 20 feet
(6096 mm) in height, constructed on a one- or two-family
residential property where aircraft are stored. Such use will
be considered as a residential accessory use incidental to the
dwelUng.

412.3.2 Fire separation. A hangar shall not be attached to a
dwelUng unless separated by a fire barrier having a
fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Such separation
shall be continuous from the foundation to the underside of
the roof and unpierced except for doors leading to the dwell-
ing unit. Doors into the dwelling unit must be equipped with
self-closing devices and conform to the requirements of
S ection 715 with at least a 4-inch (102 mm) noncombustible
raised sill. Openings from a hanger directly into a room used
for sleeping purposes shall not be permitted.

412.3.3 Egress. A hangar shall provide two means of
egress. One of the doors into the dwelUng shall be consid-
ered as meeting only one of the two means of egress.

[F] 412.3.4 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be pro-
vided within the hangar in accordance with Section
907.2.21.

412.3.5 Independent systems. Electrical, mechanical and
plumbing drain, waste and vent (DWV) systems installed
within the hangar shall be independent of the systems
installed within the dwelling. Building sewer lines shall be
permitted to be connect outside the structures.

Exception: Smoke detector wiring and feed for electri-
cal subpanels in the hangar.

412.3.6 Height and area limits. Residential aircraft han-
gars shall not exceed 2,000 square feet (186 m^) in area and
20 feet (6096 mm) in height.

[F] 412.4 Aircraft paint hangars. Aircraft painting opera-
tions where flammable Uquids are used in excess of the maxi-
mum allowable quantities per control area listed in Table
307.7(1) shall be conducted in an aircraft paint hangar that
complies with the provisions of Section 412.4.

[F] 412.4.1 Occupancy group. Aircraft paint hangars shall
be classified as Group H-2. Aircraft paint hangars shall
comply with the apphcable requkements of this code and
the California Fire Code for such occupancy.

412.4.2 Construction. The aircraft paint hangar shall be of
Type I or n construction.

[F] 412.4.3 Operations. Only those flammable Uquids nec-
essary for painting operations shall be permitted in quanti-
ties less than the maximum allowable quantities per control
area in Table 307.1(1). Spray equipment cleaning opera-
tions shall be conducted in a liquid use, dispensing and
mixing room.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

[F] 412 A A Storage. Storage of flammable liquids shall be
in a liquid storage room.

[F] 412.4.5 Fire suppression. Aircraft paint hangars shall
be provided with fire suppression as required by NFPA 409.

412.4.6 Ventilation. Aircraft paint hangars shall be pro-
vided with ventilation as required in the California Mechan-
ical Code.

412.5 Heliports and helistops. Heliports and helistops shall
be permitted to be erected on buildings or other locations where
they are constructed in accordance with this section.

412.5.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall,
for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this
code, have the meanings shown herein.

HELIPORT. An area of land or water or a structural surface
that is used, or intended for use, for the landing and taking
off of helicopters, and any appurtenant areas that are used,
or intended for use, for heliport buildings and other heliport
facilities.

HELISTOP. The same as a "heliport," except that no fuel-
ing, defueling, maintenance, repairs or storage of helicop-
ters is permitted.

412.5.2 Size. The landing area for helicopters less than
3,500 pounds (1588 kg) shall be a minimum of 20 feet (6096
mm) in length and width. The landing area shall be sur-
rounded on all sides by a clear area having a minimum aver-
age width at roof level of 15 feet (4572 mm) but with no
width less than 5 feet (1524 mm).

412.5.3 Design. Helicopter landing areas and the supports
thereof on the roof of a building shall be noncombustible
construction. Landing areas shall be designed to confine any
flammable liquid spillage to the landing area itself and pro-
visions shall be made to drain such spillage away from any
exit or stairway serving the helicopter landing area or from a
structure housing such exit or stairway. For structural design
requirements, see Section 1605.5.

412.5.4 Means of egress. The means of egress from heli-
ports and helistops shall comply with the provisions of
Chapter 10. Landing areas located on buildings or structures
shall have two or more means of egress. For landing areas
less than 60 feet (18 288 mm) in length, or less than 2,000
square feet (186 m^) in area, the second means of egress may
be a fire escape or ladder leading to the floor below.

412.5.5 Rooftop heliports and helistops. Rooftop heli-
ports and helistops shall comply with NFPA 418.

SECTION 413
COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE

413.1 General. High-piled stock or rack storage in any occu-
pancy group shall comply with the California Fire Code.

413.2 Attic, under-floor and concealed spaces. Attic,
under-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of combusti-
ble materials shall be protected on the storage side as required
for 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. Openings shall
be protected by assembUes that are self-closing and are of

noncombustible construction or solid wood core not less than
IV4 inches (45 mm) in thickness.

Exceptions:

1 . Areas protected by approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tems.

2. Group R-3 and U occupancies.

SECTION 414
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

[F] 414.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to
buildings and structures occupied for the manufacturing, pro-
cessing, dispensing, use or storage of hazardous materials.

[F] 414.1.1 Other provisions. Buildings and structures
with an occupancy in Group H shall also comply with the
applicable provisions of Section 415 and the California Fire
Code.

[F] 414.1.2 Materials. The safe design of hazardous mate-
rial occupancies is material dependent. Individual material
requirements are also found in Sections 307 and 415, and in
the California Mechanical Code and the California Fire
Code.

[F] 414.1,2.1 Aerosols. Level 2 and 3 aerosol products
shall be stored and displayed in accordance with the Cal-
ifornia Fire Code. See Section 311.2 and the California
Fire Code for occupancy group requirements.

[F] 414.1.3 Information required. Separate floor plans
shall be submitted for buildings and structures with an occu-
pancy in Group H, identifying the locations of anticipated
contents and processes so as to reflect the nature of each
occupied portion of every building and structure. A report
identifying hazardous materials including, but not limited
to, materials representing hazards that are classified in
Group H to be stored or used, shall be submitted and the
methods of protection from such hazards shall be indicated
on the construction documents. The opinion and report shall
be prepared by a qualified person, firm or corporation
approved by the building official and shall be provided
without charge to the enforcing agency.

[F] 414.2 Control areas. Control areas shall comply with Sec-
tions 414.2.1 through 414.2.5 and the California Fire Code.

414.2.1 Construction requirements. Control areas shall
be separated from each other by fire barriers constructed in
accordance with Section 706 or horizontal assemblies con-
structed in accordance with Section 711, or both.

[F] 414.2.2 Percentage of maximum allowable quanti-
ties. The percentage of maximum allowable quantities of
hazardous materials per control area permitted at each floor
level within a building shall be in accordance with Table
414.2.2.

[F] 414.2.3 Number. The maximum number of control
areas within a building shall be in accordance with Table
414.2.2.

414.2.4 Fire-resistance-rating requirements. The

required fire-resistance rating for frre barriers shall be in

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

accordance with Table 414.2.2. The floor construction of
the control area and the construction supporting the floor of
the control area shall have a minimum 2-hour fire-resistance
rating.

Exception: The floor construction of the control area
and the construction supporting the floor of the control
area are allowed to be 1-hour fire-resistance rated in
buildings of Type IIA, UIA and VA construction, pro-
vided that both of the following conditions exist:

1 . The building is equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1, and

2. The building is three stories or less in height.

[F] 414.2.5 Hazardous material in Group M display and
storage areas and in Group S storage areas. The aggre-
gate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or
noncombustible liquid hazardous materials permitted
within a single control area of a Group M display and stor-
age area, a Group S storage area or an outdoor control area is
permitted to exceed the maximum allowable quantities per
control area specified in Tables 307. 1 (1) and 307. 1 (2) with-
out classifying the building or use as a Group H occupancy,
provided that the materials are displayed and stored in
accordance with the California Fire Code and quantities do
not exceed the maximum allowable specified in Table
414.2.5(1).

In Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses,
indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids shall
not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control
area as indicated in Table 414.2.5(2), provided that the
materials are displayed and stored in accordance with the
California Fire Code.

The maximum quantity of aerosol products in Group M
occupancy retail display areas, storage areas adjacent to
retail display areas and retail storage areas shall be in accor-
dance with the California Fire Code.

[F] 414.3 Ventilation. Rooms, areas or spaces of Group H in
which explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly
toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are or may be emitted

due to the processing, use, handling or storage of materials
shall be mechanically ventilated as required by the California
Fire Code and the California Mechanical Code.

Ducts conveying explosives or flammable vapors, fumes or
dusts shall extend directly to the exterior of the building with-
out entering other spaces. Exhaust ducts shall not extend into or
through ducts and plenums.

Exception: Ducts conveying vapor or fumes having flam-
mable constituents less than 25 percent of their lower flam-
mable limit (LFL) are permitted to pass through other
spaces.

Emissions generated at workstations shall be confined to the
area in which they are generated as specified in the California
Fire Code and the California Mechanical Code.

The location of supply and exhaust openings shall be in
accordance with the California Mechanical Code. Exhaust air
contaminated by highly toxic material shall be treated in accor-
dance with the California Fire Code.

A manual shutoff control for ventilation equipment required
by this section shall be provided outside the room adjacent to
the principal access door to the room. The switch shall be of the
break-glass type and shall be labeled: VENTILATION SYS-
TEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF.

[F] 414.4 Hazardous material systems. Systems involving
hazardous materials shall be suitable for the intended applica-
tion. Controls shall be designed to prevent materials from
entering or leaving process or reaction systems at other than the
intended time, rate or path. Automatic controls, where pro-
vided, shall be designed to be fail safe.

[F] 414.5 Inside storage, dispensing and use. The inside stor-
age, dispensing and use of hazardous materials in excess of the
maximum allowable quantities per control area of Tables
307.1(1) and 307.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections
414.5.1 through 414.5.5 of this code and the California Fire
Code.

[F] 414.5.1 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be
provided in accordance with the California Fire Code as
required by Table 414.5.1 where quantities of hazardous

[F] TABLE 414.2.2
DESIGN AND NUMBER OF CONTROL AREAS

FLOOR LEVEL

PERCENTAGE OF THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA=

NUMBER OF CONTROL
AREAS PER FLOOR

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING
FOR FIRE BARRIERS IN HOURS"

Above grade
plane

Higher than 9

7-9

5
4
3
2
1

5
12.5
12.5
12.5
50
75
100

2
2
2
2
2
3
4

2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1

Below grade
plane

Lower than 2

Not Allowed

a. Percentages shall be of the maximum allowable quantity per control area shown in Tables 307. 1(1) and 307. 1(2), with all increases allowed in the notes to those
tables.

b. Fire barriers shall.include walls and floors as necessary to provide separation from other portions of the building.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

[F] TABLE 414.2.5(1)

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER INDOOR AND OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA IN GROUP M AND S OCCUPANCIES

NONFLAMMABLE SOLIDS AND NONFLAMMABLE AND NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS""'

CONDITION

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA

Material^

Class

Solids
pounds

Liquids
gallons

A. Health-hazard materials-nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids

1. Corrosives''' "=

Not Applicable

9,750

975

2. Highly toxics

Not Applicable

20"' =

2b, c

3. Toxics''' =

Not Applicable

1,000

100

B. Physical-hazard materials-nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids

1. Oxidizers''' "=

Not Allowed

l,150s

115

2,250"

225

18,000''J

1,800''J

2. Unstable (reactives)''' "=

Not Allowed

550

1,150

115

Not Limited

3. Water (reactives)

3b,

550

2b, c

1,150

115

Not Limited

For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.

a. Hazard categories are as specified in the California Fire Code.

b. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings that are sprinklered in accordance with Section 903.3. 1 . 1 . When Note c also applies, the
increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.

c. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, in accordance with the California Fire Code. When Note b
also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.

d. See Table 414.2.2 for design and number of control areas.

e. Allowable quantities for other hazardous material categories shall be in accordance with Section 307.

f. Maximum quantities shall be increased 100 percent in outdoor control areas.

g. Maximum amounts are permitted to be increased to 2,250 pounds when individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager
and do not exceed 10 pounds each.

h. Maximum amounts are permitted to be increased to 4,500 pounds when individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or packager

and do not exceed 10 pounds each,
i. The permitted quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
j. Quantities are unlimited in an outdoor control area.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

[F] TABLE 414.2.5(2)

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIES PER CONTROL AREA^

TYPE OF LIQUID

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons)

Sprinklered in accordance with Note B
densities and arrangements

Sprinldered in accordance witii Tables

3404.3.6.3(4) througli 3404.3.6.3(8) and Table

3404.3.7.5.1 of the International Fire Code

Nonsprinlclered

Class lA

Class IB, IC,n and mA

7,500<^

15,000=

1,600

Class lllB

Unlimited

13,200

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m^.

a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier wall.

b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a design providing mimmum densities
as follows:

1 . For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 1 8 feet, quantities are those permitted with a mini-
mum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.

2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 1 8 feet, quanti-
ties are those permitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1 ,500-square-foot area.

c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2 percent for
each 1 ,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to a maximum of 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation is not required. The
cumulative amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons.

materials specified in that table exceed the maximum allow-
able quantities in Table 307. 1(1) or where a structure, room
or space is occupied for purposes involving explosion haz-
ards as required by Section 4 15 or the California Fire Code.

[F] 414.5.2 Monitor control equipment. Monitor control
equipment shall be provided where required by the Califor-
nia Fire Code.

[F] 414.5.3 Automatic fire detection systems. Group H
occupancies shall be provided with an automatic fire detec-
tion system in accordance with Section 907.2.

[F] 414.5.4 Standby or emergency power. Where mechan-
ical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control,
alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are
required, such systems shall be provided with an emergency
or standby power system in accordance with this code or the
California Electrical Code.

Exceptions:

1. Storage areas for Class I and 11 oxidizers.

2. Storage areas for Class III, IV and V organic per-
oxides.

3. Storage, use and handling areas for highly toxic or
toxic materials as provided for in the California
Fire Code.

4. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treat-
ment systems and temperature control systems
shall not be required where an approved fail-safe
engineered system is installed.

[F] 414.5.5 Spill control, drainage and containment.

Rooms, buildings or areas occupied for the storage of solid
and liquid hazardous materials shall be provided with a
means to control spillage and to contain or drain off spillage
and fire protection water discharged in the storage area
where required in the California Fire Code. The methods of
spill control shall be in accordance with the California Fire
Code.

[F] 414.6 Outdoor storage, dispensing and use. The outdoor
storage, dispensing and use of hazardous materials shall be in
accordance with the California Fire Code.

[F] 414.6.1 Weather protection. Where weather protection
is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material stor-
age or use areas, such areas shall be considered outdoor
storage or use when the weather protection structure com-
plies with Sections 414.6.1.1 through 414.6.1.3.

[F] 414.6,1.1 Walls. Walls shall not obstruct more than
one side of the structure.

Exception: Walls shall be permitted to obstruct por-
tions of multiple sides of the structure, provided that
the obstructed area does not exceed 25 percent of the
structure's perimeter.

[F] 414.6.1.2 Separation distance. The distance from
the structure to buildings, lot lines, public ways or means
of egress to a public way shall not be less than the dis-
tance required for an outside hazardous material storage
or use area without weather protection.

[F] 414.6.1.3 Noncombustible construction. The over-
head structure shall be of approved noncombustible con-
struction with amaximum area of 1,500 square feet (140

Exception: The increases permitted by Section 506
apply.

[F] 414.7 Emergency alarms. Emergency alarms for the
detection and notification of an emergency condition in Group
H occupancies shall be provided as set forth herein.

[F] 414.7.1 Storage. An approved manual emergency
alarm system shall be provided in buildings, rooms or areas
used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergency
alarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each
interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings, rooms
or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device
shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of an emergency
situation involving hazardous materials.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

[F] 414,7.2 Dispensing, use and handling. Where hazard-
ous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accor-
dance with NFPA 704 are transported through corridors or
exit enclosures, there shall be an emergency telephone sys-
tem, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-ini-
tiating device at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mm)
intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway through-
out the transport route. The signal shall be relayed to an
approved central, proprietary or remote station service or
constantly attended on-site location and shall also initiate a
local audible alarm.

[F] 414.7.3 Supervision. Emergency alarm systems shall
be supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote

station service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at
a constantly attended on-site location.

SECTION 415
GROUPS H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 AND H-5

[F] 415.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to
the storage and use of hazardous materials in excess of the
maximum allowable quantities per control area listed in Sec-
tion 307.1. Buildings and structures with an occupancy in
Group H shall also comply with the applicable provisions of
Section 414 and the California Fire Code.

[F] TABLE 414.5.1
EXPLOSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS^

MATERIAL

CLASS

EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS

Barricade construction

Explosion (deflagration) venting

or explosion (deflagration)

prevention systems'"

HAZARD CATEGORY

Combustible dusts'^

Not Required

Required

Cryogenic flammables

—

Not Required

Required

Explosives

Division 1.1
Division 1.2
Division 1.3
Division 1.4
Division 1.5
Division 1.6

Required
Required
Not Required
Not Required
Required
Required

Not Required
Not Required
Required
Required
Not Required
Not Required

Flammable gas

Gaseous
Liquefied

Not Required
Not Required

Required
Required

Flammable liquid

lA"
IB=

Not Required
Not Required

Required
Required

Organic peroxides

U
I

Required
Required

Not Permitted
Not Permitted

Oxidizer liquids and solids

Required

Not Permitted .

Pyrophoric gas

Not Required

Required

Unstable (reactive)

3 Detonable

3 Nondetonable

Required

Not Required

Not Permitted

Required

Water-reactive liquids and solids

3
2s

Not Required
Not Required

Required
Required

SPECIAL USES

Acetylene generator rooms

Not Required

Required

Grain processing

Not Required

Required

Liquefied petroleum gas-distribution facilities

—

Not Required

Required

Where explosion hazards exist^

Detonation
Deflagration

Required
Not Required

Not Permitted
Required

a. See Section 414.1.3.

b. See the California Fire Code.

c. As generated during manufacturing or processing. See definition of "Combustible dust" in Chapter 3.

d. Storage or use.

e. In open use or dispensing.

f. Rooms containing dispensing and use of hazardous materials when an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous
materials or as a result of the dispensing or use process.

g. A method of explosion control shall be provided when Class 2 water-reactive materials can form potentially explosive mixtures.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

[F] 415.2 Definitions. The following words and terms shaU,
for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in the
code, have the meanings shown herein.

[F] CONTINUOUS GAS-DETECTION SYSTEM. A gas

detection system where the analytical instrument is maintained
in continuous operation and sampling is performed without
interruption. Analysis is allowed to be performed on a cyclical
basis at intervals not to exceed 30 minutes.

[F] EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION. An approved
location on the premises where signals from emergency equip-
ment are received and which is staffed by trained personnel.

[F] EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE. An appHance or piece of
eqmpment that consists of a top, a back and two sides providing
a means of local exhaust for capturing gases, fumes, vapors and
mists. Such enclosures include laboratory hoods, exhaust fume
hoods and similar appliances and equipment used to locally
retain and exhaust the gases, fumes, vapors and mists that could
be released. Rooms or areas provided with general ventilation,
in themselves, are not exhausted enclosures.

[F] FABRICATION AREA. An area within a semiconductor
fabrication facility and related research and development areas
in which there are processes using hazardous production mate-
rials. Such areas are allowed to include ancillary rooms or areas
such as dressing rooms and offices that are directly related to
the fabrication area processes.

[F] FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES. The concentra-
tion of flammable constituents in air that exceed 25 percent of
their lower flammable limit (LFL).

[F] GAS CABINET. A fully enclosed, noncombustible enclo-
sure used to provide an isolated environment for compressed
gas cylinders in storage or use. Doors and access ports for
exchanging cylinders and accessing pressure-regulating con-
trols are allowed to be included.

[F] GAS ROOM. A separately ventilated, fully enclosed room
in which only compressed gases and associated equipment and
supplies are stored or used.

[F] HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM).

A solid, liquid or gas associated with semiconductor manufac-
turing that has a degree-of-hazard rating in health,
flammability or reactivity of Class 3 or 4 as ranked by NFPA
704 and which is used directly in research, laboratory or pro-
duction processes that have as their end product materials that
are not hazardous.

[F] HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID. An HPM liquid that is
defined as either a Class I flammable liquid or a Class II or
Class IILA combustible Hquid.

[F] HPM ROOM. A room used in conjunction with or serving
a Group H-5 occupancy, where HPM is stored or used and
which is classified as a Group H-2, H-3 or H-4 occupancy.

[F] IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND
HEALTH (IDLH). The concentration of air-borne contami-
nants which poses a threat of death, immediate or delayed per-
manent adverse health effects, or effects that could prevent
escape from such an environment. This contaminant concen-

tration level is established by the National Institute of Occupa-
tional Safety and Health (NIOSH) based on both toxicity and
flammability. It generally is expressed in parts per milHon by
volume (ppm v/v) or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^). If
adequate data do not exist for precise establishment of IDLH
concentrations, an independent certified mdustrial hygienist,
industrial toxicologist, appropriate regulatory agency or other
source approved by the code official shall make such determi-
nation.

[F] LIQUID. A material that has a melting point that is equal to
or less than 68°F (20°C) and a boiling point that is greater than
68°F (20°C) at 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute (psia)
(101 kPa). When not otherwise identified, the term "hquid"
includes both flammable and combustible liquids.

[F] LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. A room classified as a
Group H-3 occupancy used for the storage of flammable or
combustible liquids in a closed condition.

[F] LIQUID USE, DISPENSING AND MIXING ROOMS.

A room in which Class 1, 11 and niA flammable or combustible
liquids are used, dispensed or mixed in open containers.

[F] LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). The minimum
concentration of vapor in air at which propagation of flame wiU
occur in the presence of an ignition source. The LFL is some-
times referred to as "LEL" or "lower explosive limit."

[F] NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(NTP). A temperature of 70°F (2 rC) and a pressure of 1 atmo-
sphere [14.7 psia (101 kPa)].

[F] PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD
LEVEL. A concentration of air-borne contaminants, normally
expressed in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic
meter, that represents the concentration at which persons can
sense the presence of the contaminant due to odor, irritation or
other quick-acting physiological response. When used in con-
junction with the permissible exposure limit (PEL) the physio-
logical warning threshold levels are those consistent with the
classification system used to establish the PEL. See the defini-
tion of "Permissible exposure limit (PEL)" in the California
Fire Code.

[F] SERVICE CORRIDOR. A fiilly enclosed passage used
for transportuig HPM and purposes other than required means
of egress.

[F] SOLID. A material that has a melting point, decomposes or
sublimes at a temperature greater than 68°F (20°C).

[F] STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

1 . The keeping, retention or leaving of hazardous materials
in closed containers, tanks, cylinders or similar vessels,
or

2. Vessels supplying operations through closed connec-
tions to the vessel.

[F] USE (MATERIAL). Placing a material into action, includ-
ing solids, liquids and gases.

[F] WORKSTATION. A defined space or an independent
principal piece of equipment using HPM within a fabrication
area where a specific function, laboratory procedure or

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

research activity occurs. Approved or listed hazardous materi-
als storage cabinets, flammable liquid storage cabinets or gas
cabinets serving a workstation are included as part of the work-
station. A workstation is allowed to contain ventilation equip-
ment, fire protection devices, detection devices, electrical
devices and other processing and scientific equipment.

[F] 415.3 Fire separation distance. Group H occupancies
shall be located on property in accordance with the other provi-
sions of this chapter. In Groups H-2 and H-3, not less than 25
percent of the perimeter wall of the occupancy shall be an
exterior wall.

Exceptions:

1. Liquid use, dispensing and mixing rooms having a floor
area of not more than 500 square feet (46.5 m^) need not
be located on the outer perimeter of the building where
they are in accordance with the California Fire Code and
NFPA 30.

2. Liquid storage rooms having a floor area of not more
than 1,000 square feet (93 m^) need not be located on the
outer perimeter where they axe in accordance with the
California Fire Code and NFPA 30.

3. Spray paint booths that comply with the California Fire
Code need not be located on the outer perimeter.

[F] 415.3.1 Group H occupancy minimum fire separa-
tion distance. Regardless of any other provisions, buildings
containing Group H occupancies shall be set back to the
minimum fire separation distance as set forth in Items 1
through 4 below. Distances shall be measured firom the
walls enclosing the occupancy to lot Hues, including those
on a public way. Distances to assumed lot lines established
for the purpose of determining exterior wall and opening
protection are not to be used to establish the minimum fire
separation distance for buildings on sites where explosives
are manufactured or used when separation is provided in
accordance with the quantity distance tables specified for
explosive materials in the California Fire Code.

1 . Group H- 1 . Not less than 75 feet (22 860 mm) and not
less than required by the California Fire Code.

Exceptions:

1. Fireworks manufacturing buildings sepa-
rated in accordance with NFPA 1 124.

2. Buildings containing the following materi-
als when separated in accordance with Table
415.3.1:

2.1. Organic peroxides, unclassified deton-
able.

2.2. Unstable reactive materials. Class 4.

2.3. Unstable reactive materials, Class 3 de-
tonable.

2.4. Detonable pyrophoric materials.

2. Group H-2. Not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) where
the area of the occupancy exceeds 1,000 square feet
(93 m^) and it is not required to be located in a de-
tached building.

3. Groups H-2 and H-3. Not less than 50 feet (15 240
mm) where a detached building is required (see Table
415.3.2).

4. Groups H-2 and H-3 . Occupancies containing materi-
als with explosive characteristics shall be separated as
required by the California Fire Code. Where separa-
tions are not specified, the distances required shall not
be less than the distances required by Table 415.3. 1 .

[F] 415.3.2 Group H-1 and H-2 or H-3 detached build-
ings. Where a detached building is required by Table
415.3.2, there are no requirements for wall and opening pro-
tection based on fire separation distance.

[F] 415.4 Special provisions for Group H-1 occupancies.

Group H-1 occupancies shall be in buildings used for no other
purpose, shall not exceed one story in height and be without a
basement, crawl spaces or other under-floor spaces. Roofs
shall be of lightweight construction with suitable thermal insu-
lation to prevent sensitive material from reaching its decompo-
sition temperature.

Group H-1 occupancies containing materials which are in
themselves both physical and health hazards in quantities
exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area
in Table 307.1.(2) shall comply with requirements for both
Group H-1 and H-4 occupancies.

[F] 415.4.1 Floors in storage rooms. Floors in storage
areas for organic peroxides, pyrophoric materials and unsta-
ble (reactive) materials shall be of liquid-tight,
noncombustible construction.

[F] 415.5 Special provisions for Group H-2 and H-3 occu-
pancies. Group H-2 and H-3 occupancies containing quanti-
ties of hazardous materials in excess of those set forth in Table
415.3.2 shall be in buildings used for no other purpose, shall
not exceed one story in height and shall be without basements,
crawl spaces or other under-floor spaces.

Group H-2 and H-3 occupancies containing water-reactive
materials shall be resistant to water penetration. Piping for con-
veying liquids shall not be over or through areas containing
water reactives, unless isolated by approved liquid-tight con-
struction.

Exception: Fire protection piping.

[F] 415.5.1 Floors in storage rooms. Floors in storage
areas for organic peroxides, oxidizers, pyrophoric materi-
als, unstable (reactive) materials and water-reactive solids
and liquids shall be of liquid-tight, noncombustible
construction.

[F] 415.5.2 Waterproof room. Rooms or areas used for the
storage of water-reactive solids and liquids shall be con-
structed in a manner that resists the penetration of water
through the use of waterproof materials. Piping carrying
water for other than approved automatic fire sprinkler sys-
tems shall not be within such rooms or areas.

[F] 415.6 Group H-2. Occupancies in Group H-2 shall be con-
structed in accordance with Sections 415.6.1 through 415.6.4
and the California Fire Code.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

[F] TABLE 415.3.1
MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCES FOR BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS

QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL^

MINIMUM DISTANCE (feet)

Lot lines" and inhabited buildings"

Separation of magazines"' °''

Pounds over

Pounds not over

Barricaded"

Unbarricaded

140

180

110

220

125

250

140

280

150

300

170

340

100

190

380

100

125

200

400

125

150

215

430

150

200

235

470

200

250

255

510

250

300

270

540

300

400

295

590

400

500

320

640

500

600

340

680

600

700

355

710

700

800

375

750

800

900

390

780

900

1,000

400

800

1,000

1,200

425

850

1,200

1,400

450

900

1,400

1,600

470

940

1,600

1,800

490

980

1,800

2,000

505

1,010

2,000

2,500

545

1,090

2,500

3,000

580

1,160

104

3,000

4,000

635

1,270

116

4,000

5,000

685

1,370

122

5,000

6,000

730

1,460

130

6,000

7,000

770

1,540

136

7,000

8,000

800

1,600

144

8,000

9,000

835

1,670

150

9,000

10,000

865

1,730

156

10,000

12,000

875

1,750

164

12,000

14,000

885

1,770

174

14,000

16,000

900

1,800

180

16,000

18,000

940

1,880

188

18,000

20,000

975

1,950

196

20,000

25,000

1,055

2,000

210

25,000

30,000

1,130

2,000

224

30,000

35,000

1,205

2,000

238

35,000

40,000

1,340

2,000

248

(continued)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

TABLE 415.3.1— continued
MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCES FOR BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS

MINIMUM DISTANCE (feet)

QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL'

Lot lines" and inhabited buildings'

Separation of magazines'''*''

Pounds over

Pounds not over

Barricaded*'

Unbarricaded

40,000

45,000

1,340

2,000

258

45,000

50,000

1,400

2,000

270

50,000

55,000

1,460

2,000

280

55,000

60,000

1,515

2,000

290

60,000

65,000

1,565

2,000

300

65,000

70,000

1,610

2,000

310

70,000

75,000

1,655

2,000

320

75,000

80,000

1,695

2,000

330

80,000

85,000

1,730

2,000

340

85,000

90,000

1,760

2,000

350

90,000

95,000

1,790

2,000

360

95,000

100,000

1,815

2,000

370

100,000

110,000

1,835

2,000

390

110,000

120,000

1,855

2,000

410

120,000

130,000

1,875

2,000

430

130,000

140,000

1,890

2,000

450

140,000

150,000

1,900

2,000

470

150,000

160,000

1,935

2,000

490

160,000

170,000

1.965

2,000

510

170,000

180,000

1,990

2,000

530

180,000

190,000

2,010

550

190,000

200,000

2,030

570

200,000

210,000

2,055

590

210,000

230,000

2,100

630

230,000

250,000

2,155

670

250,000

275,000

2,215

720

275,000

300,000

2,275

770

For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929m^.

a. The number of pounds of explosives listed is the number of pounds of trinitrotoluene (TNT) or the equivalent pounds of other explosive.

b. The distance listed is the distance to lot line, including lot lines at public ways.

c. For the puipose of this table, an inhabited building is any building on the same lot that is regularly occupied by people. Where two or more buildings containing
explosives or magazines are located on the same lot, each building or magazine shall comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings and,
in addition, they shall be separated from each other by not less than the distance shown for "Separation of magazines," except that the quantity of explosive materi-
als contained in detonator buildings or magazines shall govern in regard to the spacing of said detonator buildings or magazines from buildings or magazines con-
taining other explosive materials. If any two or more buildings or magazines are separated from each other by less than the specified "Separation of magazines"
distances, then such two or more buildings or magazines, as a group, shall be considered as one building or magazine, and the total quantity of explosive materials
stored in such group shall be treated as if the explosive were in a single building or magazine located on the site of any building or magazine of the group, and shall
comply with the minimum distance specified from other magazines or inhabited Iwildings.

d. Barricades shall effectively screen the building containing explosives from other buildings, public ways or magazines. Where mounds or revetted walls of earth
are used for barricades, they shall not be less than 3 feet in thickness. A straight line from the top of any side wall of the building containing explosive materials to
the eave line of any other building, magazine or a point 12 feet above the centerline of a public way shall pass through the barricades.

e. Magazine is a building or structure, other than an operating building, approved for storage of explosive materials. Portable or mobile magazines not exceeding 1 20
square feet in area need not comply with the requirements of this code, however, all magazines shall comply with the California Fire Code.

f. The distance listed is permitted to be reduced by 50 percent where approved natural or artificial barriers are provided in accordance with the requirements in Note
d.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

[F] 415.6.1 Combustible dusts, grain processing and
storage. The provisions of Sections 415.6.1.1 thfougii
415.6.1.6 shall apply to buildmgs in which materials that
produce conabustible dusts are stored or handled. Buildings
that store or handle combustible dusts shall comply with the
applicable provisions of NFPA 61, NFPA 120, NFPA 484,
NFPA 654, NFPA 655, NFPA 664 and NFPA 85, and the
California Fire Code.

[F] 415.6.1.1 Type of construction and tieight excep-
tions. Buildings shall be constructed in compliance with
the height and area limitations of Table 503 for Group
H-2; except that where erected of Type I or n construc-
tion, the heights and areas of grain elevators and similar
structures shall be unlimited, and where of Type IV con-
struction, the maximum height shall be 65 feet (19 812
mm) and except further that, in isolated areas, the maxi-
mum height of Type IV structures shall be increased to
85 feet (25 908 mm).

[F] 415.6.1.2 Grinding rooms. Every room or space
occupied for grinding or other operations that produce
combustible dusts shall be enclosed with fire barriers that
have not less than a 2-hour fire-resistance rating where
the area is not more than 3,000 square feet (279 m^), and
not less than a 4-hour fixe-resistance rating where the
area is greater than 3,000 square feet (279 m^).

[F] 415.6.1.3 Conveyors. Conveyors, chutes, piping and
similar eqiiipment passing through the enclosures of
rooms or spaces shall be constructed dirt tight and vapor
tight, and be of approved noncombustible materials com-
plying with Chapter 30.

[F] 415.6.1.4 Explosion control. Explosion control
shall be provided as specified in the California Fire
Code, or spaces shall be equipped with the equivalent
mechanical ventilation complying with the California
Mechanical Code.

[F] 415.6.1.5 Grain elevators. Grain elevators, malt
houses and buildings for similar occupancies shall not be
located within 30 feet (9144 mm) of interior lot lines or
structures on the same lot, except where erected along a
raikoad right-of-way.

[F] 415.6.1.6 Coal pockets. Coal pockets located less
than 30 feet (9144 mm) from interior lot lines or from
structures on the same lot shall be constructed of not less
than Type IB construction. Where more than 30 feet
(9144 mm) from interior lot lines, or where erected along
a railroad right-of-way, the minimum type of construc-
tion of such structures not more than 65 feet(19 812mm)
in height shall be Type IV.

[F] TABLE 415.3.2
REQUIRED DETACHED STORAGE

DETACHED STORAGE IS REQUIRED WHEN THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL EXCEEDS THAT LISTED HEREIN

Material

Class

Solids and Liquids (tons)^'''

Gases (cubic feet)'*

Explosives

Division 1.1
Division 1.2
Division 1.3
Division 1.4
Division 1.4"=
Division 1.5
Division 1.6

Maximum Allowable Quantity
Maximum Allowable Quantity
Maximum Allowable Quantity
Maximimi Allowable Quantity

1
Maximum Allowable Quantity
Maximum Allowable Quantity

Not Applicable

Oxidizers

Class 4

Maximum Allowable Quantity

Unstable (reactives) detonable

Class 3 or 4

Maximum Allowable Quantity

Oxidizer, liquids and solids

Class 3
Class 2

1,200
2,000

Not Applicable
Not Applicable

Organic peroxides

Detonable
Class I
Class n

Class m

Maximum Allowable Quantity
Maximum Allowable Quantity

Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable

Unstable (reactives) nondetonable

Class 3
Class 2

1
25

2,000
10,000

Water reactives

Class 3
Class 2

1
25

Not Applicable
Not Applicable

Pyrophoric gases

Not Applicable

2,000

For SI: 1 ton = 906 kg, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 ^l^ 1 pound = 0.454 kg.

a. For materials that are detonable, the distance to other buildings or lot lines shall be as specified in Table 41 5.3 . 1 based on trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalence of the
material. For materials classified as explosives, see Chapter 33 the California Fire Code. For all other materials, the distance shall be as indicated in Section
415.3.1.

b. "Maximum Allowable Quantity" means the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Ihble 307.7(1).

c. Limited to Division 1 .4 materials and articles, including articles packaged for shipment, that are not regulated as an explosive under Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco
and Firearms (BATF) regulations or unpackaged articles used in process operations that do not propagate a detonation or deflagration between articles, providing
the net explosive weight of individual articles does not exceed 1 pound.

100

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

[F] 415.6.2 Flammable and combustible liquids. The

storage, handling, processing and transporting of flamma-
ble and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with the
California Mechanical Code and the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.6.2.1 Mixed occupancies. Where the storage
tank area is located in a building of two or more occupan-
cies, and the quantity of liquid exceeds the maximum
allowable quantity for one control area, the use shall be
completely separated from adjacent fire areas in accor-
dance with the requirements of Section 508.3.3.

[F] 415.6.2.1.1 Height exception. Where storage
tanks are located within only a single-story building,
the height limitation of Section 503 shall not apply for
Group H.

[F] 415.6.2.2 Tank protection. Storage tanks shall be
noncombustible and protected from physical damage. A
fire barrier wall or horizontal assembUes or both around
the storage tank(s) shall be permitted as the method of
protection from physical damage.

[F] 415.6.2.3 Tanks. Storage tanks shall be approved
tanks conforming to the requirements of the California
Fire Code.

[F] 415.6.2.4 Suppression. Group H shall be equipped
throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem, installed in accordance with Section 903.

[F] 415.6.2.5 Leakage containment. A liquid-tight con-
tainment area compatible with the stored liquid shall be
provided. The method of spill control, drainage control
and secondary containment shall be in accordance with
the California Fire Code.

Exception: Rooms where only double-wall storage
tanks conforming to Section 415.6.2.3 are used to
store Class 1, 11 and IILA flammable and combustible
liquids shall not be required to have a leakage contain-
ment area.

[F] 415.6.2.6 Leakage alarm. An approved automatic
alarm shall be provided to indicate a leak in a storage
tank and room. The alarm shall sound an audible signal,
15 dBa above the ambient sound level, at every point of
entry into the room in which the leaking storage tank is
located. An approved sign shall be posted on every entry
door to the tank storage room indicating the potential
hazard of the interior room environment, or the sign shall
state: WARNING, WHEN ALARM SOUNDS, THE
ENVIRONMENT WITHIN THE ROOM MAY BE
HAZARDOUS. The leakage alarm shall also be super-
vised in accordance with Chapter 9 to transmit a trouble
signal.

[F] 415.6.2.7 Tank vent. Storage tank vents for Class I,
II or IIIA liquids shall terminate to the outdoor air in
accordance with the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.6.2.8 Room ventilation. Storage tank areas stor-
ing Class I, n or IHA liquids shall be provided with
mechanical ventilation. The mechanical ventilation sys-
tem shall be in accordance with the California Mechani-
cal Code and the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.6.2.9 Explosion venting. Where Class I liquids
are being stored, explosion venting shall be provided in
accordance with the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.6.2.10 Tank openings other than vents. Tank
openings other than vents from tanks inside buildings
shall be designed to ensure that liquids or vapor concen-
trations are not released inside the building.

[F] 415.6.3 Liquefied petroleum gas-distribution facili-
ties. The design and construction of propane, butane, pro-
pylene, butylene and other liquefied petroleum
gas-distribution facilities shall conform to the applicable
provisions of Sections 415.6.3.1 through 415.6.3.5.2. The
storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gas systems
shall conform to the California Fire Code. The design and
installation of piping, equipment and systems that utilize
hquefied petroleum gas shall be in accordance with the Cal-
ifornia Mechanical Code and the California Plumbing
Code. Liquefied petroleum gas-distribution facilities shall
be ventilated in accordance with the California Mechanical
Code and Section 415.6.3.1.

[F] 415.6.3.1 Air movement. Liquefied petroleum gas-
distribution facilities shall be provided with air inlets and
outlets arranged so that air movement across the floor of
the facility will be uniform. The total area of both inlet
and outlet openings shall be at least 1 square inch (645
mm^) for each 1 square foot (0.093 m^) of floor area. The
bottom of such openings shall not be more than 6 inches
(152 mm) above the floor.

[F] 415.6.3.2 Construction. Liquefied petroleum
gas-distribution facilities shall be constructed in accor-
dance with Section 415.6.3.3 for separate buildings, Sec-
tion 415.6.3.4 for attached buildings or Section
415.6.3.5 for rooms within buildings.

[F] 415.6.3.3 Separate buildings. Where located in sep-
arate buildings, liquefied petroleum gas-distribution
facilities shall be occupied exclusively for that purpose
or for other purposes having similar hazards. Such build-
ings shall be limited to one story in height and shall con-
form to Sections 415.6.3.3.1 through 415.6.3.3.3.

[F] 415.6.3.3.1 Floors. The floor shall not be located
below ground level and any spaces beneath the floor
shall be solidly filled or shall be unenclosed.

[F] 415.6.3.3.2 Materials. Walls, floors, ceilings,
columns and roofs shall be constructed of
noncombustible materials.

[F] 415.6.3.3.3 Explosion venting. Explosion vent-
ing shall be provided in accordance with the Califor-
nia Fire Code.

[F] 415.6.3.4 Attached buildings. Where liquefied
petroleum gas-distribution facilities are located in an
attached structure, the attached perimeter shall not
exceed 50 percent of the perimeter of the space enclosed
and the facility shall comply with Sections 415.6.3.3 and
415.6.3.4.1. Where the attached perimeter exceeds 50
percent, such facilities shall comply with Section
415.6.3.5.

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[F] 415.6.3.4.1 Fire separation. Separation of the
attached structures shall be provided by fire barriers
having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour
and shall not have openings. Fire barriers between
attached structures occupied only for the storage of
LP-gas are permitted to have fire door assemblies that
comply widi Section 715. Such fire barriers shall be
designed to withstand a static pressure of at least 100
pounds per square foot (psf) (4788 Pa), except where
the building to which the structure is attached is occu-
pied by operations or processes having a similar
hazard.

[F] 415.6.3.5 Rooms viitliin buildings. Where liquefied
petroleum gas-distribution facilities are located in rooms
within buildings, such rooms shall be located in the first
story above grade plane and shall have at least one exte-
rior wall with sufficient exposed area to provide explo-
sion venting as required in die California Fire Code. The
building in which the room is located shall not have a
basement or unventilated crawl space and the room shall
comply with Sections 415.6.3.5.1 and 415.6.3.5.2.

[F] 415.6.3.5.1 Materials. Walls, floors, ceilings and
roofs of such rooms shall be constructed of approved
noncombustible materials.

[F] 415.6.3.5.2 Common construction. Walls and
floor/ceiling assemblies common to the room and to
the building where the room is located shall be fire
barriers with not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance rat-
ing and without openings. Common walls for rooms
occupied only for storage of LP-gas are permitted to
have opening protectives complying with Section
715. The walls and ceilings shall be designed to with-
stand a static pressure of at least 100 psf (4788 Pa).

Exception: Where the building, within which the
room is located, is occupied by operations or pro-
cesses having a similar hazard.

[F] 415.6.4 Dry cleaning plants. The construction and
installation of dry cleaning plants shall be in accordance
with the requirements of this code, the California Mechani-
cal Code, the California Plumbing Code and NFPA 32. Dry
cleaning solvents and systems shall be classified in accor-
dance with the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.7 Groups H-3 and H-4. Groups H-3 and H-4 shall be
constructed in accordance with the applicable provisions of
this code and the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.7.1 Gas rooms. When gas rooms are provided, such
rooms shall be separated from other areas by not less than a
1-hour fire barrier.

[F] 415.7.2 Floors in storage rooms. Floors in storage
areas for corrosive liquids and highly toxic or toxic materi-
als shall be of liquid-tight, noncombustible constiniction.

[F] 415.7.3 Separation-higlily toxic solids and liquids.

Highly toxic solids and liquids not stored in approved haz-
ardous materials storage cabinets shall be isolated from

other hazardous materials storage by a fire barrier having a
fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.

[F] 415.8 Group H-5.

[F] 415.8.1 General. In addition to the requirements set
forth elsewhere in this code, Group H-5 shall comply with
the provisions of Section 415.8 and the California Fire
Code.

[F] 415.8.2 Fabrication areas.

[F] 415.8.2.1 Hazardous materials in fabrication
areas.

[F] 415.8.2.1.1 Aggregate quantities. The aggregate
quantities of hazardous materials stored and used in a
single fabrication area shall not exceed the quantities
set forth in Table 415.8.2.1.1.

Exception: The quantity limitations for any haz-
ard category in Table 415.8.2.1.1 shall not apply
where the fabrication area contains quantities of
hazardous materials not exceeding the maximum
allowable quantities per control area established
by Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2).

[F] 415.8.2.1.2 Hazardous production materials.

The maximum quantities of hazardous production
materials (HPM) stored in a single fabrication area
shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities
per control area estabUshed by Tables 307.1(1) and
307.1(2).

[F] 415.8.2.2 Separation. Fabrication areas, whose
sizes are limited by the quantity of hazardous materials
allowed by Table 415.8.2.1.1, shall be separated from
each other, from corridors and from other parts of the
building by not less than 1-hour fire barriers.

Exceptions:

1. Doors within such fire barrier walls, including
doors to corridors, shall be only self-closing
fire door assemblies having a fire protection rat-
ing of not less than V4 hour.

2. Windows between fabrication areas and corri-
dors are permitted to be fixed glazing listed and
labeled for a fire protection rating of at least V4
hour in accordance with Section 715.

[F] 415.8.2.3 Location of occupied levels. Occupied
levels of fabrication areas shall be located at or above the
first story above grade plane.

[F] 415.8.2.4 Floors. Except for surfacing, floors within
fabrication areas shall be of noncombustible construc-
tion.

Openings through floors of fabrication areas are per-
mitted to be unprotected where the interconnected levels
are used solely for mechanical equipment directly
related to such fabrication areas (see also Section
415.8.2.5).

Floors forming a part of an occupancy separation shall
be liquid tight.

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[F] TABLE 415.8.2.1.1
QUANTITY LIMITS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN GROUP H-5'

HAZARD CATEGORY

SOLIDS
(pounds per square feet)

LIQUIDS
(gallons per square feet)

GAS
(feet^@ NTP/square feet)

PHYSICAL-HAZARD MATERIALS

Combustible dust

Noteb

Not Applicable

Combustible fiber Loose
Baled

Noteb
Notes b, c

Not Applicable

Combustible liquid II
IHA
IIIB

Combination Class I, II and IIIA

Not Applicable

0.01

0.02

Not Limited

0.04

Not Applicable

Cryogenic gas Flammable
Oxidizing

Not Applicable

Noted
1.25

Explosives

Noteb

Flammable gas Gaseous
Liquefied

Not Applicable

Noted
Noted

Flammable liquid lA
IB
IC

Combination Class lA, IB and IC
Combination Class I, n and IIIA

Not Applicable

0.0025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.04

Not Applicable

Flammable solid

0.001

Not Applicable

Organic peroxide
Unclassified detonable
Class I
Class n
Class in
Class rv
Class V

Noteb

0.025

0.1

Not Limited

Not limited

Not Applicable

Oxidizing gas Gaseous
Liquefied

Combination of gaseous
and liquefied

Not Applicable

1.25
1.25

1.25

Oxidizer Class 4
Class 3
Class 2
Class 1

Combination Class 1, 2, 3

Noteb
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003

Not Applicable

Pyrophoric material

Noteb

0.00125

Notes d and e

Unstable reactive Class 4
Class 3
Class 2
Class 1

Noteb

0.025

0.1

Not Limited

Noteb

0.0025

0.01

Not Limited

Noteb

Not Limited

Water reactive Class 3
Class 2
Class 1

Noteb

0.25

Not Limited

0.00125

0.025

Not Limited

Not Applicable

HEALTH-HAZARD MATERIALS

Corrosives

Not Limited

Highly toxic

Not Limited

Noted

Toxics

Not Limited

Noted

For SI: 1 pound per square foot = 4.882 kg/m^ 1 gallon per square foot = 40.7 L/m^, 1 cubic foot @ NTP/square foot = 0.305 m^ @ NTP/m^,
1 cubic foot = 0.02832 Ml

a. Hazardous materials within piping shall not be included in the calculated quantities.

b. Quantity of hazardous materials in a single febrication shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area in Tkbles 307.1(1) and 307.1(2).

c. Densely packed baled cotton that complies with the packing requirements of ISO 8115 shall not be included in this material class.

d. The aggregate quantity of flammable, pyrophoric, toxic and highly toxic gases shall not exceed 9,000 cubic feet atNTP.

e. The aggregate quantity of pyrophoric gases in the building shall not exceed the amounts set forth in Thble 415.3.2.

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[F] 415.8.2.5 Shafts and openings through floors. Ele-
vator shafts, vent shafts and other openings through
floors shall be enclosed when required by Section 707.
Mechanical, duct and piping penetrations within a fabri-
cation area shall not extend through more than two
floors. The annular space around penetrations for cables,
cable trays, tubing, piping, conduit or ducts shall be
sealed at the floor level to restrict the movement of air.
The fabrication area, including the areas through which
the ductwork and piping extend, shall be considered a
single conditioned environment. •

[F] 415.8.2.6 Ventilation. Mechanical exhaust ventila-
tion at the rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per
square foot (0.051 m^ /(s • m^ ) of floor area shall be pro-
vided throughout the portions of the fabrication area
where HPM are used or stored. The exhaust air duct sys-
tem of one fabrication area shall not connect to another
duct system outside that fabrication area within the
building.

A ventilation system shall be provided to capture and
exhaust gases, fumes and vapors at workstations.

Two or more operations at a workstation shall not be
connected to the same exhaust system where either one
or the combination of the substances removed could con-
stitute a fire, explosion or hazardous chemical reaction
within the exhaust duct system.

Exhaust ducts penetrating occupancy separations
shall be contained in a shaft of equivalent fire-resis-
tance-rated construction. Exhaust ducts shall not pene-
trate fire walls.

Fire dampers shall not be installed in exhaust ducts.

[F] 415.8.2.7 Transporting hazardous production
materials to fabrication areas. HPM shall be trans-
ported to fabrication areas through enclosed piping or
tubing systems that comply with Section 415.8.6.1,
through service corridors complying with Section
415.8.4, or in corridors as permitted in the exception to
Section 415.8.3. The handling or transporting of HPM
within service corridors shall comply with the California
Fire Code.

[F] 415.8.2.8 Electrical.

[F] 415.8.2.8.1 General. Electrical equipment and
devices within the fabrication area shall comply with
the California Electrical Code. The requirements for
hazardous locations need not be applied where the
average air change is at least four times that set forth
in Section 415.8.2.6 and where the number of air
changes at any location is not less than three times that
required by Section 415.8.2.6. The use of recirculated
air shall be permitted.

[F] 415.8.2.8.2 Workstations. Workstations shall not
be energized without adequate exhaust ventilation.
See Section 415.8.2.6 for workstation exhaust venti-
lation requirements.

[F] 415.8.3 Corridors. Corridors shall comply with Chap-
ter 10 and shall be separated from fabrication areas as speci-

fied in Section 415.8.2.2. Corridors shall not contain HPM
and shall not be used for transporting such materials, except
through closed piping systems as provided in Section
415.8.6.3.

Exception: Where existing fabrication areas are altered
or modified, HPM is allowed to be transported in existing
corridors, subject to the following conditions:

1. Corridors. Corridors adjacent to the fabrication
area where the alteration work is to be done shall
comply with Section 1017 for a length determined
as foUows:

1.1. The length of the conamon wall of the corridor
and the fabrication area; and

1.2. For the distance along the corridor to the point
of entry of HPM into the corridor serving that
fabrication area.

2. Emergency alarm system. There shall be an emer-
gency telephone system, a local manual alarm sta-
tion or other approved alarm-initiating device
within corridors at not more than 150-foot (45 720
mm) intervals and at each exit and doorway. The
signal shall be relayed to an approved central, pro-
prietary or remote station service or the emergency
control station and shall also initiate a local audible
alarm.

3. Pass-throughs. Self-closing doors having a fire
protection rating of not less than 1 hour shall sepa-
rate pass-throughs from existing corridors.
Pass-throughs shall be constructed as required for
the corridors and protected by an approved auto-
matic fire-extinguishing system.

[F] 415.8.4 Service corridors.

[F] 415.8.4.1 Occupancy. Service corridors shall be
classified as Group H-5.

[F] 415.8.4.2 Use conditions. Service corridors shall be
separated from corridors as required by Section
415.8.2.2. Service corridors shall not be used as a
required corridor.

[F] 415.8.4.3 Mechanical ventilation. Service corridors
shall be mechanically ventilated as required by Section
415.8.2.6 or at not less than six air changes per hour,
whichever is greater.

[F] 415.8.4.4 Means of egress. The maximum distance
of travel from any point in a service corridor to an exit,
exit access corridor or door into a fabrication area shall
not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm). Dead ends shall not
exceed 4 feet (1219 mm) in length. There shall be not less
than two exits, and not more than one-half of the required
means of egress shall require travel into a fabrication
area. Doors from service corridors shall swing in the
direction of egress travel and shall be self-closing.

[F] 415,8.4.5 Minimum width. The minimum clear
width of a service corridor shall be 5 feet (1524 mm), or
33 inches (838 mm) wider than the widest cart or truck
used in the corridor, whichever is greater.

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[F] 415.8.4.6 Emergency alarm system. Emergency
alarm systems shall be provided in accordance with this
section and Sections 414.7.1 and414.7.2. The maximum
allowable quantity per control area provisions shall not
apply to emergency alarm systems required for HPM.

[F] 415.8.4.6.1 Service corridors. An emergency
alarm system shall be provided in service corridors,
with at least one alarm device in each service corridor.

[F] 415.8.4.6.2 Exit access corridors and exit enclo-
sures. Emergency alarms for exit access corridors and
exit enclosures shall comply with Section 414.7.2.

[F] 415.8.4.6.3 Liquid storage rooms, HPM rooms
and gas rooms. Emergency alarms for liquid storage
rooms, HPM rooms and gas rooms shall comply with
Section 414.7.1.

[F] 415.8.4.6.4 Alarm-initiating devices. An

approved emergency telephone system, local alarm
manual pull stations, or other approved alarm-initiat-
ing devices are allowed to be used as emergency
alarm-initiating devices.

[F] 415.8.4.6.5 Alarm signals. Activation of the
emergency alarm system shall sound a local alarm
and transmit a signal to the emergency control station.

[F] 415.8.5 Storage of hazardous production materials.

[F] 415.8.5.1 General. Storage of HPM in fabrication
areas shall be within approved or listed storage cabinets
or gas cabinets or within a workstation. The storage of
HPM in quantities greater than those listed in Section
1 804.2 of the California Fire Code shall be in liquid stor-
age rooms, HPM rooms or gas rooms as appropriate for
the materials stored. The storage of other hazardous
materials shall be in accordance with other applicable
provisions of this code and the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.8.5.2 Construction.

[F] 415.8.5.2.1 HPM rooms and gas rooms. HPM

rooms and gas rooms shall be separated from other
areas by not less than a 2-hour fire barrier where the
area is 300 square feet (27.9 m^) or more and not less
than a 1-hour fire barrier where the area is less than
300 square feet (27.9 m^).

[F] 415.8.5.2.2 Liquid storage rooms. Liquid stor-
age rooms shall be constructed in accordance with the
following requirements:

1. Rooms in excess of 500 square feet (46.5 m^)
shall have at least one exterior door approved
for fire department access.

2. Rooms shall be separated from other areas by
fire barriers having a fire-resistance rating of
not less than 1-hour for rooms up to 150 square
feet (13.9 m^) in area and not less than 2 hours
where the room is more than 150 square feet
(13.9 m^) in area.

3. Shelving, racks and wainscoting in such areas
shall be of noncombustible construction or

wood of not less than linch (25 mm) nominal
thickness.

4. Rooms used for the storage of Class I flamma-
ble liquids shall not be located in a basement.

[F] 415.8.5.2.3 Floors. Except for surfacing, floors of
HPM rooms and liquid storage rooms shall be of
noncombustible liquid-tight construction. Raised
grating over floors shall be of noncombustible materi-
als.

[F] 415.8.5.3 Location. Where HPM rooms, Hquid stor-
age rooms and gas rooms are provided, they shall have at
least one exterior wall and such wall shall be not less than
30 feet (9 144 mm) from lot lines, including lot lines adja-
cent to public ways.

[F] 415.8.5.4 Explosion control. Explosion control
shall be provided where required by Section 414.5.1.

[F] 415.8.5.5 Exits. Where two exits are required firom
HPM rooms, liquid storage rooms and gas rooms, one
shall be directly to the outside of the building.

[F] 415.8.5.6 Doors. Doors in a fire barrier wall, includ-
ing doors to corridors, shall be self-closing fire door
assemblies having a fire-protection rating of not less than
V4 hour.

[F] 415.8.5.7 Ventilation. Mechanical exhaust ventila-
tion shall be provided in liquid storage rooms, HPM
rooms and gas rooms at the rate of not less than 1 cubic
foot per minute per square foot (0.044 L/s/m^) of floor
area or six air changes per hour, whichever is greater, for
categories of material.

Exhaust ventilation for gas rooms shall be designed to
operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surround-
ing areas and direct the exhaust ventilation to an exhaust
system.

[F] 415.8.5.8 Emergency alarm system. An approved
emergency alarm system shall be provided for HPM
rooms, liquid storage rooms and gas rooms.

Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall be installed
outside of each interior exit door of such rooms.

Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device
shall sound a local alarm and transmit a signal to the
emergency control station.

An approved emergency telephone system, local
alarm manual pull stations or other approved alarm-initi-
ating devices are allowed to be used as emergency
alarm-initiating devices.

[F] 415.8.6 Piping and tubing.

[F] 415.8.6.1 General. Hazardous production materials
piping and tubing shall comply with this section and
ASMEB31.3.

[F] 415.8.6.2 Supply piping and tubing.

[F] 415.8.6.2.1 HPM having a health-hazard rank-
ing of 3 or 4. Systems supplying HPM liquids or
gases having a health-hazard ranking of 3 or 4 shall be
welded throughout, except for connections, to the

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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systems that are within a ventilated enclosure if the
material is a gas, or an approved method of drainage
or containment is provided for the connections if the
material is a liquid.

[F] 415.8.6.2.2 Location in service corridors. Haz-
ardous production materials supply piping or tubing
in service corridors shall be exposed to view.

[F] 415.8.6.2.3 Excess flow control. Where HPM
gases or liquids are carried in pressurized piping
above 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103.4
kPa), excess flow control shall be provided. Where
the piping originates from within a liquid storage
room, HPM room or gas room, the excess flow con-
trol shall be located within the liquid storage room,
HPM room or gas room. Where the piping originates
from a bulk source, the excess flow control shall be
located as close to the bulk source as practical.

[F] 415.8.6.3 Installations in corridors and above
otiier occupancies. The installation of HPM piping and
tubing within the space defined by the walls of corridors
and the floor or roof above, or in concealed spaces above
other occupancies, shall be in accordance with Section
415.8.6.2 and the following conditions:

1. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed within the
space unless the space is less than 6 inches (152
mm) in the least dimension.

2. Ventilation not less than six air changes per hour
shall be provided. The space shall not be used to
convey air from any other area.

3. Where the piping or tubing is used to transport
HPM liquids, a receptor shall be installed below
such piping or tubing. The receptor shall be de-
signed to collect any discharge or leakage and
drain it to an approved location. The 1-hour enclo-
sure shall not be used as part of the receptor.

4. HPM supply piping and tubing and nonmetallic
waste lines shall be separated from the corridor
and from occupancies other than Group H-5 by fu:e
barriers that have a fire-resistance rating of not less
than 1 hour. Where gypsum wallboard is used,
joints on the piping side of the enclosure are not re-
quired to be taped, provided the joints occur over
framing meinbers. Access openings into the enclo-
sure shall be protected by approved fire
protection-rated assemblies.

5. Readily accessible manual or automatic remotely
activated fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shall
be installed on piping and tubing other than waste
lines at the following locations:

5.1. At branch connections into the fabrication
area.

5.2. At entries into corridors.

Exception: Transverse crossings of the
corridors by supply piping that is
enclosed within a ferrous pipe or tube for

the width of the corridor need not comply
with Items 1 through 5.

[F] 415.8.6.4 Identification. Piping, tubing and HPM
waste lines shall be identified in accordance with ANSI
A13.1 to indicate the material being transported.

[F] 415.8.7 Continuous gas detection systems. A continu-
ous gas detection system shall be provided for HPM gases
when the physiological warning threshold level of the gas is
at a higher level than the accepted PEL for the gas and for
flammable gases in accordance with this section.

[F] 415.8.7.1 Where required. A continuous gas-detec-
tion system shall be provided in the areas identified in
Sections 415.8.7.L1 through 415.8.7.1.4.

[F] 415.8.7.1.1 Fabrication areas. A continuous
gas-detection system shall be provided in fabrication
areas when gas is used in the fabrication area.

[F] 415.8.7.1.2 HPM rooms. A continuous
gas-detection system shall be provided in HPM
rooms when gas is used in the room.

[F] 415.8.7.1.3 Gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures
and gas rooms. A continuous gas-detection system
shall be provided in gas cabinets and exhausted enclo-
sures. A continuous gas-detection system shall be
provided in gas rooms when gases are not located in
gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures.

[F] 415.8.7.1.4 Corridors. When gases are trans-
ported in piping placed within the space defined by
the walls of a corridor and the floor or roof above the
corridor, a continuous gas-detection system shall be
provided where piping is located and in the corridor.

Exception: A continuous gas-detection system is
not required for occasional transverse crossings of
the corridors by supply piping that is enclosed in a
ferrous pipe or tube for the width of the corridor.

[F] 415.8.7.2 Gas-detection system operation. The

continuous gas-detection system shall be capable of
monitoring the room, area or equipment in which the gas
is located at or below the PEL or ceiling limit of the gas
for which detection is provided. For flammable gases,
the monitoring detection threshold level shall be vapor
concentrations in excess of 20 percent of the lower
explosive limit (LEL). Monitoring for highly toxic and
toxic gases shall also comply with the requirements for
such material in the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.8.7.2.1 Alarms. The gas detection system
shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to the
emergency control station when a short-term hazard
condition is detected. The alarm shall be both visual
and audible and shall provide warning both inside and
outside the area where the gas is detected. The audible
alarm shall be distinct from all other alarms.

[F] 415.8.7.2.2 Shutoff of gas supply. The gas detec-
tion system shall automatically close the shutoff valve
at the source on gas supply piping and tubing related
to the system being monitored for which gas is
detected when a short-term hazard condition is

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detected. Automatic closure of shutoff valves shall
comply with the following:

1 . Where the gas-detection sampling point initiat-
ing the gas detection system alarm is within a
gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure, the shutoff
valve in the gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure
for the specific gas detected shall automatically
close.

2. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiat-
ing the gas detection system alarm is within a
room and compressed gas containers are not in
gas cabinets or an exhausted enclosure, the
shutoff valves on all gas hnes for the specific
gas detected shall automatically close.

3. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiat-
ing the gas detection system alarm is within a
piping distribution manifold enclosure, the
shutoff valve supplying the manifold for the
compressed gas container of the specific gas
detected shall automatically close.

Exception: Where the gas-detection sampling
point initiating the gas detection system alarm is at
the use location or within a gas valve enclosure of a
branch line downstream of a piping distribution
manifold, the shutoff valve for the branch line
located in the piping distribution manifold enclo-
sure shall automatically close.

[F] 415.8.8 Manual fire alarm system. An approved man-
ual fire alarm system shall be provided throughout buildings
containing Group H-5. Activation of the alarm system shall
initiate a local alarm and teansmit a signal to the emergency
control station. The fire alarm system shall be designed and
installed in accordance with Section 907.

415.8.9 Emergency control station. An emergency contiol
station shall be provided in accordance with Sections
415.8.9.1 through 415.8.9.3.

415.8.9.1 Location. The emergency control station shall
be located on the premises at an approved location out-
side the fabrication area.

415.8.9.2 Staffing. Trained personnel shall continuously
staff the emergency control station.

415.8.9.3 Signals. The emergency control station shall
receive signals from emergency equipment and alarm
and detection systems. Such emergency equipment and
alarm and detection systems shall include, but not be lim-
ited to, the following where such equipment or systems
are required to be provided either in this chapter or else-
where in this code:

1. Automatic fire sprinkler system alarm and moni-
toring systems.

2. Manual fire alarm systems.

3. Emergency alarm systems.

4. Continuous gas-detection systems.

5. Smoke detection systems.

6. Emergency power system.

7. Automatic detection and alarm systems for
pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liq-
uids required in Section 1805.2.3.5 of the Califor-
nia Fire Code.

8. Exhaust ventilation flow alarm devices for
pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liq-
uids cabinet exhaust ventilation systems required
in Section 1805.2.3.5 of the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.8.10 Emergency power system. An emergency
power system shall be provided in Group H-5 occupancies
where required in Section 415.8.10.1. The emergency
power system shall be designed to supply power automati-
cally to required electrical systems when the normal electti-
cal supply system is interrupted.

[F] 415.8.10.1 Required electrical systems. Emer-
gency power shall be provided for electrically operated
equipment and connected contiol circuits for the follow-
ing systems:

1. HPM exhaust ventilation systems.

2. HPM gas cabinet ventilation systems.

3. HPM exhausted enclosure ventilation systems.

4. HPM gas room ventilation systems.

5. HPM gas detection systems.

6. Emergency alarm systems.

7. Manual fire alarm systems.

8. Automatic sprinkler system monitoring and
alarm systems.

9. Automatic alarm and detection systems for
pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liq-
uids required in Section 1805.2.3.5 of the Cali-
fornia Fire Code.

10. Flow alarm switches for pyrophoric liquids and
Class 3 water-reactive liquids cabinet exhaust
ventilation systems required in Section
1805.2.3.5 of the California Fire Code.

1 1 . Electrically operated systems required elsewhere
in this code or in the California Fire Code appli-
cable to the use, storage or handling of HPM.

[F] 415.8.10.2 Exhaust ventilation systems. Exhaust
ventilation systems are allowed to be designed to operate
at not less than one-half the normal fan speed on the
emergency power system where it is demonstrated that
the level of exhaust will maintain a safe atmosphere.

[F] 415.8.11 Automatic sprinkler system protection in
exhaust ducts for HPM.

[F] 415.8.11.1 Exhaust ducts for HPM. An approved
automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in exhaust
ducts conveying gases, vapors, fumes, mists or dusts
generated from HPM in accordance with this section and
the California Mechanical Code.

[F] 415.8.11.2 Metallic and noncombustible nonme-
tallic exhaust ducts. An approved automatic sprinkler
system shall be provided in metallic and noncombustible

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nonmetallic exhaust ducts when all of the following con-
ditions apply:

1 . Where ftie largest cross-sectional diameter is equal
to or greater than 10 inches (254 mm).

2. The ducts are within the building.

3. The ducts are conveying flammable gases, vapors
or fumes.

[F] 415.8.11.3 Combustible nonmetallic extiaust
ducts. Automatic sprinkler system protection shaU be
provided in combustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts
where the largest cross-sectional diameter of the duct is
equal to or greater than 10 inches (254 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Ducts listed or approved for applications with-
out automatic fire sprinkler system protection.

2. Ducts not more than 12 feet (3658 mm) in
length installed below ceiling level.

[F] 415.8.11.4 Automatic sprinkler locations. Sprin-
kler systems shall be installed at 12-foot (3658 nam)
intervals in horizontal ducts and at changes in direction.
In vertical ducts, sprinklers shall be installed at the top
and at alternate floor levels.

SECTION 416
APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES

[F] 416.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to
the construction, installation and use of buildings and struc-
tures, or parts thereof, for the spraying of flammable paints,
varnishes and lacquers or other flammable materials or mix-
tures or compounds used for painting, varnishing, staining or
similar purposes. Such construction and equipment shall com-
ply with the California Fire Code.

[F] 416.2 Spray rooms. Spray rooms shall be enclosed with
fixe barriers willi not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance rating.
Floors shall be waterproofed and drained in an approved man-
ner.

[F] 416.2.1 Surfaces. The interior surfaces of spray rooms
shall be smooth and shall be so constructed to permit the
free passage of exhaust air from all parts of the interior and
to facilitate washing and cleaning, and shall be so designed
to confine residues within the room. Aluminum shall not be
used.

[F] 416.3 Spraying spaces. Spraying spaces shall be venti-
lated with an exhaust system to prevent the accumulation of
flammable mist or vapors in accordance wifhi the California
Mechanical Code. Where such spaces are not separately
enclosed, noncombustible spray curtains shall be provided to
restrict the spread of flammable vapors.

[F] 416.3.1 Surfaces. The interior surfaces of spraying
spaces shall be smooth and continuous without edges; shall
be so constructed to permit the free passage of exhaust air
from all parts of the interior and to facilitate washing and
cleaning; and shall be so designed to confine residues within
the spraying space. Aluminum shall not be used.

[F] 416.4 Fire protection. An automatic fire-extinguishing
system shall be provided in all spray, dip and immersing spaces
and storage rooms and shall be installed in accordance with
Chapter 9.

SECTION 417
DRYING ROOMS

[F] 417.1 General. A drying room or dry kiln installed within a
building shall be constructed entirely of approved
noncombustible materials or assemblies of such materials reg-
ulated by the approved rules or as required in the general and
specific sections of Chapter 4 for special occupancies and
where applicable to the general requirements of Chapter 28.

[F] 417.2 Piping clearance. Overhead heating pipes shall have
a clearance of not less than 2 inches (5 1 mm) from combustible
contents in the dryer.

[F] 417.3 Insulation. Where the operating temperature of the
dryer is 175°F (79°C) or more, metal enclosures shall be insu-
lated from adjacent combustible materials by not less than 12
inches (305 mm) of airspace, or the metal walls shall be lined
withV4-inch (6.35 mm) insulating mill board or other approved
equivalent insulation.

[F] 417.4 Fire protection. Drying rooms designed for
high-hazard materials and processes, including special occu-
pancies as provided for in Chapter 4, shall be protected by an
approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with
the provisions of Chapter 9.

SECTION 418
ORGANIC COATINGS

[F] 418.1 Building features. Manufacturing of organic coat-
ings shall be done only in buildings that do not have pits or
basements.

[F] 418.2 Location. Organic coating manufacturing opera-
tions and operations incidental to or connected therewith shall
not be located in buildings having other occupancies.

[F] 418.3 Process mills. Mills operating with close clearances
and that process flammable and heat-sensitive materials, such
as nitrocellulose, shall be located in a detached building or
noncombustible structure.

[F] 418.4 Tank storage. Storage areas for flammable and com-
bustible liquid tanks inside of stinictures shall be located at or
above grade and shall be separated from the processing area by
not less than 2-hour fire barriers.

[F] 418.5 Nitrocellulose storage. Nitirocellulose storage shall
be located on a detached pad or in a separate structure or a room
enclosed with no less than 2-hour fire barriers.

[F] 418.6 Finished products. Storage rooms for finished prod-
ucts that are flammable or combustible liquids shall be sepa-
rated from the processing area by fire barriers having a
fire-resistance rating of at least 2 hours, and openings in the
walls shall be protected with approved opening protectives.

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SECTION 419
GROUP 1-1, R-1, R-2, R-3, R-3.1, R-4

419.1 General. Occupancies in Groups I-l, R-1, R-2, R-3,
R-3.1 and R-4 shall comply with the provisions of this section
and other applicable provisions of this code.

419.2 Separation walls. Walls separating dwelling units in the
same building and walls separating sleeping units in the same
building shall comply with Section 708.

419.3 Horizontal separation. Floor/ceiling assemblies sepa-
rating dwelling units in the same buildings and floor/ceiling
assemblies separating sleeping units in the same building shall
be constructed in accordance with Section 711.

419.4 Townhouses. [HCD 1] Each townhouse unit shall be
considered a separate building and shall comply with the fol-
lowing:

1. Adjacent townhouse units shall each be provided with a
1-hour fire-resistance-rated wall assembly separating
the units.

2. Openings are not permitted.

3. Penetrations shall comply with Section 705.9.

Exception: In lieu of the two 1-hour walls a common
2-hour fire-resistance-rated wall shall be permitted
for townhouses if such walls do not contain plumbing
or mechanical equipment, ducts or vents in the cavity
of the common wall. Electrical installations shall be
installed in accordance with the California Electrical
Code. Penetrations of electrical outlet boxes shall be
in accordance with Section 712.

For purposes of determining accessibility requirements to
accommodate persons with disability, dwelling units within a
single structure separated by a firewall do not constitute sepa-
rate structures or buildings and are treated as a single build-
ing. For additional information, see Chapter HA, Section
1102A.1.

419.4.1 Continuity. [HCD 1] The fire-resistance-rated wall
or assembly separating townhouses shall be continuous
from the foundation to the underside of the roof sheathing,
deck or slab. The fire-resistance rating shall extend the full
length of the wall or assembly, including wall extensions
through and separating attached enclosed accessory struc-
tures.

419.4.2 Parapets. [HCD 1] Parapets constructed in accor-
dance with Section 704.11.1 shall be constructed for town-
houses as an extension of exterior walls or common walls in
accordance with the following:

1. Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are
at the same elevation, the parapet shall extend not less
than 30 inches (762 mm) above the roof surfaces.

2. Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are
at different elevations and the higher roof is not more
than 30 inches (762 mm) above the lower roof, the
parapet shall extend not less than 30 inches (762 mm)
above the lower roof surface.

Exception: A parapet is not required in the two
cases above when the roof is covered with a mini-

mum Class C roof covering, and the roof decking
or sheathing is of noncombustible materials or
approved fire-retardant-treated wood for a dis-
tance of 4 feet (1219 mm) on each side of the wall
or walls, or one layer of ^/g-inch (15.9 mm). Type X
gypsum board is installed directly beneath the roof
decking or sheathing, supported by a minimum of
nominal 2-inch (51 mm) ledgers attached to the
sides of the roof framing members, for a minimum
distance of 4 feet (1220 mm) on each side of the
wall or walls.

3. A parapet is not required where roof surfaces adja-
cent to the wall or walls are at different elevations and
the higher roof is more than 30 inches (762 mm)
above the lower roof. The common wall construction
from the lower roof to the underside of the higher roof
deck shall have not less than a 1 -hour fire-resistance
rating. The wall shall be rated for exposure from both
sides.

419.4.3 Parapet construction. [HCD 1] Parapets shall have
the same fire-resistance rating as that required for the sup-
porting wall or walls. On any side adjacent to a roof sur-
face, the parapet shall have noncombustible faces for the
uppermost 18 inches (457 mm), to include counterflashing
and coping materials. Where the roof slopes toward a para-
pet at slopes greater than two units vertical in 12 units hori-
zontal (16. 7-percent slope), the parapet shall extend to the
same height as any portion of the roof within a distance of 3
feet (914 mm), but in no case shall the height be less than 30
inches (762 mm).

419.4.4 Structural independence. [HCD 1] Each individ-
ual townhouse shall be structurally independent.

Exceptions:

1. Foundations supporting exterior walls or common
walls.

2. Structural roof and wall sheathing from each unit
may fasten to the common wall framing.

3. Nonstructural wall coverings.

4. Flashing at termination of roof covering over com-
mon wall.

5. Townhouses separated by a common 2-hour
fire-resistance-rated wall as provided in Section
419.4.

419.5 Licensed 24-hour care facilities in a Group I-l, R-3.1,
or R-4 occupancy. [SFM] See Section 425.

419.6 Existing Group R occupancies. [SFM] See Chapter 34.

SECTION 420
HYDROGEN CUTOFF ROOMS

[F] 420.1 General. When required by the California Fire
Code, hydrogen cutoff rooms shall be designed and con-
structed in accordance with this section.

[F] 420.2 Definitions. The following words and terms shall,
for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this
code, have the meanings shown herein.

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[F] GASEOUS HYDROGEN SYSTEM. An assembly of
piping, devices and apparatus designed to generate, store, con-
tain, distribute or transport a nontoxic, gaseous hydrogen-con-
taining mixture having at least 95-percent hydrogen gas by
volume and not more than 1 -percent oxygen by volume. Gas-
eous hydrogen systems consist of items such as compressed
gas containers, reactors and appurtenances, including pressure
regulators, pressure relief devices, manifolds, pumps, com-
pressors and interconnecting piping and tubing and controls.

[F] HYDROGEN CUTOFF ROOM. A room or space that is
intended exclusively to house a gaseous hydrogen system.

[F] 420.3 Location. Hydrogen cut-off rooms shall not be
located below grade.

[F] 420.4 Design and construction. Hydrogen cutoff rooms
shall be classified with respect to occupancy in accordance
with Section 302.1 and separated from other areas of the build-
ing by not less than 1-hour fire barriers or as required by Sec-
tion 508.2 or 508.3 as applicable.

[F] 420.4.1 Opening protectives. Doors within such frre
barrier walls, including doors to corridors, shall be
self-closing in accordance with Section 715. Interior door
openings shall be electronically interlocked to prevent oper-
ation of the hydrogen system when doors are opened or ajar
or the room shall be provided with a mechanical exhaust
ventilation system designed in accordance with Section
420.4.1.1.

[F] 420.4.1.1 Ventilation alternative. When an exhaust
system is used in lieu of the interlock system required by
Section 420.4, exhaust ventilation systems shall operate
continuously and shall be designed to operate at a nega-
tive pressure in relation to the surrounding area. The
average velocity of ventilation at the face of the door
opening with the door in the fiilly open position shall not
be less than 60 feet per minute (0.3048 m/s) with a mini-
mum of 45 feet per minute (0.2287 m/s) at any point in
the door opening.

[F] 420.4.2 Windows. Operable windows in interior walls
shall not be permitted. Fixed windows shall be permitted
when in accordance with Section 715.

[F] 420.5 Ventilation. Cutoff rooms shall be provided with
mechanical ventilation in accordance with the applicable pro-
visions for repair garages in Chapter 5 of the California
Mechanical Code.

[F] 420.6 Gas detection system. Hydrogen cutoff rooms shall
be provided with an approved flammable gas-detection system
in accordance with Sections 420.6.1 through 420.6.3.

[F] 420.6.1 System design. The flammable gas-detection
system shall be listed for use with hydrogen and any other
flammable gases used in the room. The gas detection system
shall be designed to activate when the level of flammable
gas exceeds 25 percent of the lower flammability limit
(LFL) for the gas or mixtures present at their anticipated
temperature and pressure.

[F] 420.6.2 Operation. Activation of the gas detection sys-
tem shall result in all of the following:

1. Initiation of distinct audible and visual alarm signals
both inside and outside of the cutoff room.

2. Activation of the mechanical ventilation system.

[F] 420.6.3 Failure of the gas detection system. Failure of
the gas detection system shall result in activation of the
mechanical ventilation system, cessation of hydrogen gen-
eration and the sounding of a trouble signal in an approved
location.

[F] 420.7 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be pro-
vided in accordance with Chapter 9 of the California Fire
Code.

[F] 420.8 Standby power. Mechanical ventilation and gas
detection systems shall be connected to a standby power sys-
tem in accordance with Chapter 27.

SECTION 421
Reserved

SECTION 422
Reserved

SECTION 423
Reserved

SECTION 424
Reserved

SECTION 425

SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR LICENSED 24-HOUR

CARE FACILITIES IN A GROUP 1-1, R-3. 1 or R-4

OCCUPANCY [SFM]

425.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to
24-hour care facilities in a Group I-l, R-3.1, or R-4 occupancy
licensed by a governmental agency.

425.2 General. The provisions in this section shall apply in
addition to general requirements in this code.

425.2.1 Restraint shall not be practiced in a Group I-l,
R-3.1, or R-4 occupancies.

Exception: Occupancies which meet all the require-
ments for a Group 1-3 occupancy.

425.2.2 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13133,
regulations of the State Fire Marshal pertaining to occupan-
cies classified as Residential Facilities (RF) and Residen-
tial-Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall apply
uniformly throughout the state and no city, county, city and
county, including a charter city or charter county, or fire
protection district shall adopt or enforce any ordinance or

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local rule or regulation relating to fire and panic safety
which is inconsistent with these regulations. A city, county,
city and county, including a charter city or charter county
may, pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143.5,
or a fire protection district may, pursuant to Health and
Safety Code Section 13869. 7, adopt standards more strin-
gent than those adopted by the State Fire Marshal that are
reasonably necessary to accommodate local climate, geo-
logical, or topographical conditions relating to roof cover-
ings for Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly.

Exception: Local regulations relating to roof coverings
in facilities licensed as a Residential Care Facility for the
Elderly (RCFE) per Health and Safety Code Section
13133.

425.2.3 Temporarily bedridden clients. Clients who
become temporarily bedridden as defined in Health and
Safety Code Section 1569.72, as enforced by the Depart-
ment of Social Services, may continue to be housed on any
story in Group I-l, R-3.1, orR-4 occupancies classified as
Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE). Every
Residential Care Facility for the Elderly (RCFE) admitting
or retaining a bedridden resident shall, within 48 hours of
the resident's admission or retention in the facility, notify the
local fire authority with jurisdiction of the estimated length
of time the resident will retain his or her bedridden status in
the facility.

425.3 Building height and area provisions.

425.3.1 One or two stories. Group 1-1 occupancies licensed
as a Residential Care Facility for the Elderly (RCFE) one or
two stories in height where more than six nonambulatory
clients are housed shall be constructed of a minimum
1 -hour fire-resistance-rated construction throughout.

425.3.2 Three to five stories. Group I-l occupancies
licensed as a Residential Care Facility for the Elderly
(RCFE) three to five stories in height where more than six
nonambulatory clients are housed above the first floor shall
be constructed of a minimum Type IB construction.

425.3.3 Six or more stories. Group I-l occupancies
licensed as a Residential Care Facility for the Elderly
(RCFE) exceeding five stories in height where more than six
nonambulatory clients are housed above the fifth floor shall
be constructed of a minimum Type lA construction.

425.3.4 Limitations — six or less clients. GroupR-3.1 occu-
pancies where clients are housed above the first story, hav-
ing more than two stories in height or having more than
3,000 square feet (279 rr?) of floor area above the first story
shall not be of less than 1 -hour fire-resistance-rated con-
struction throughout.

In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden client,
the client sleeping room shall not be located above or below
the first story.

Exception: Clients who become bedridden as a result of
a temporary illness as defined in Health and Safety Code
Sections 1566.45, 1568.0832, and 1569.72. Atemporary
illness is an illness that persists for 14 days or less. A
bedridden client may be retained in excess of the 14 days
upon approval by the Department of Social Services and

may continue to be housed on any story in a Group R3.1
occupancy classified as a licensed residential facility.

Every licensee admitting or retaining a bedridden res-
ident shall, within 48 hours of the resident's admission or
retention in the facility, notify the local fire authority with
jurisdiction of the estimated length of time the resident
will retain his or her bedridden status in the facility.

425.3.5 Limitations — seven or more clients. Group R-4
occupancies where nonambulatory clients are housed
above the first story and there is more than 3, 000 square feet
(279 m^) of floor area above the first story or housing more
than 16 clients above the first story shall be constructed of
not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction
throughout.

425.3.6 Nonambulatory elderly clients. Group R-4 occu-
pancies housing nonambulatory elderly clients shall be of
not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction
throughout

425.4 Type of construction provisions.

425.4.1 Group 1-1 occupancies are not permitted in
nonfire-resistance-rated construction, see Health and
Safety Code Section 13131.5.

425.5 Fire-resistance-rated construction provisions.

425.5.1 Smoke barriers required. Group 1-1 and R-4 occu-
pancies licensed as a Residential Care Facility (RCF) with
individual floor areas over 6,000 square feet (557 m^) per
floor, shall be provided with smoke barriers, constructed in
accordance with Section 709.

'When smoke barriers are required, the area within a
smoke compartment shall not exceed 22,500 square feet
(2090 m^) nor shall its travel distance exceed 200 feet (60
960 mm). Such smoke barriers shall divide the floor as
equally as possible.

425.5.2 Smoke partitions. In Group I-l and R-4 occupan-
cies where smoke partitions are required, framing shall be
covered with noncombustible materials having an approved
thermal barrier with an index of not less than 15 in accor-
dance with FM 4880, UL 1040, NFPA 286 or UL 1715.

425. 6 Interior finish provision.

425.6.1Interior wall and ceiling finish. Group R-3.1 occu-
pancies housing a bedridden client shall comply with inte-
rior wall and ceilingfinish requirements specifiedfor Group
1-2 occupancies in Table 803.5.

425. 7 Fire protection system provisions.

425.7.1 Automatic sprinkler systems in Group I-l, R-3.1
and R-4 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall
be installed where required in Section 903.

425. 7.2 Fire alarm systems in Group I-l and R-4 occupan-
cies. An approvedfire alarm system shall be installed where
required in Section 907.

425. 7.3 Smoke alarms in Groups I-l, R-3.1, and R-4 occu-
pancies. Smoke alarms shall be installed where required in
Section 907.2.10

425.7.4 Hearing impaired. See Section 907.9.1.

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425.8 Means of egress provisions.

425.8.1 General. In addition to the general means of egress
requirements of Chapter 10, this section shall apply to
Group I-l, R-3.1, andR-4 occupancies.

425.8.2 Number of exits.

425.8.2.1 Group I-l, R-3.1, andR-4 occupancies shall
have a minimum of two exits.

Exception: Ancillary use areas or occupancies shall
have egress as required by Section 1019.

425.8.3 Egress arrangements.

425.8.3.1 Egress through adjoining dwelling units shall
not be permitted.

425.8.3.2 Group R-3.1 occupancies housing
nonambulatory clients. In a Group R-3.1 occupancy,
bedrooms used by nonambulatory clients shall have
access to at least one of the required exits which shall
conform to one of the following:

1. Egress through a hallway or area into a bedroom
in the immediate area which has an exit directly to
the exterior and the corridor/hallway is con-
structed consistent with the dwelling unit interior
walls. The hallway shall be separated from com-
mon areas by a solid wood door not less than i%
inch (35 mm) in thickness, maintained self-closing
or shall be automatic closing by actuation of a
smoke detector installed in accordance with Sec-
tion 715.4.7.

2. Egress through a hallway which has an exit di-
rectly to the exterior. The hallway shall be sepa-
rated from the rest of the house by a wall
constructed consistent with the dwelling unit inte-
rior walls and opening protected by a solid wood
door not less than i% inch (35 mm) in thickness,
maintained self-closing or shall be automatic clos-
ing by actuation of a smoke detector installed in
accordance with Section 715.4.7.

3. Direct exit from the bedroom to the exterior.

4. Egress through an adjoining bedroom which exits
to the exterior.

425.8.3.3 Group R-3.1 occupancies housing bedridden
clients. In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedrid-
den client, all of the following shall apply:

1. In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden
client, a direct exit to the exterior of the residence
shall be provided from the client sleeping room.

2. Doors to a bedridden client's sleeping room shall
be of a self-closing, positive latching i% inch (35
mm) solid wood door Such doors shall be provided
with a gasket so installed as to provide a seal
where the door meets the jam on both sides and
across the top. Doors shall be maintained
self-closing or shall be automatic closing by actu-
ation of a smoke alarm in accordance with Section
715.4.7.

3. Group R-3. 1 occupancies housing a bedridden cli-
ent shall not have a night latch, dead bolt, security
chain or any similar locking device installed on
any interior door leading from a bedridden client 's
sleeping room to any interior area such as a corri-

' dor, hallway and/or general use areas of the resi-
dence in accordance with Chapter 10.

4. The exterior exit door to a bedridden client's sleep-
ing room shall be operable from both the interior
and exterior of the residence.

5. Every required exit doorway from a bedridden cli-
ent's sleeping room shall be of a size as to permit
the installation of a door not less than 3 feet (914
mm) in width and not less than 6 feet 8 inches
(2032 mm) in height. When installed in exit door-
ways, exit doors shall be capable of opening at
least 90 degrees (1.57 rad) and shall be so
mounted that the clear width of the exit way is not
less than 32 inches (813 mm).

425.8.3.4 Intervening rooms. A means of exit shall not
pass through more than one intervening room. A means
of egress shall not pass through kitchens, storerooms,
closets, garages or spaces used for similar purposes.

Exception: Kitchens that do not form separate rooms
by construction.

425.8.4 Corridors.

425.8.4.1 Unless specified by Section 425.8.4, corridors
serving Group I-l and Group R-4 occupancies shall
comply with Section 1017.1.

425.8.4.2 The minimum clear width of a corridor shall
be as follows:

1. Group I-l occupancies shall have 60 inches (1524
mm) on floors housing nonambulatory clients and
44 inches (1118 mm) on floors housing only ambu-
latory clients.

2. Group R-4 occupancies shall have 44 inches (1118
mm) on floors housing clients.

Exceptions:

1. Corridors serving an occupant load of 10
or less shall not be less than 36 inches
(914 mm) in width.

2. Corridors serving ambulatory persons
only and having an occupant load of 49
or less shall not be less than 36 inches
(914 mm) in width.

3. Group R-3.1 occupancies shall have 36 inches
(914 mm) on floors housing clients.

In Group I-l occupancies provided with fire sprin-
klers throughout and which are required to have rated
corridors, door closers need not be installed on doors
to client sleeping rooms.

425.8.4.3 In Group I-l and Group R-3.1 occupancies
having smoke barriers, cross-corridor doors in corri-
dors 6 feet (1829 mm) or less in width shall have, as a
minimum, a door 36 inches (914 mm) in width.

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425.8.5 Changes in level. In Group R-3.1 occupancies
housing nonambulatory clients, changes in level up to 0.25
inch (6 mm) may be vertical and without edge treatment.
Changes in level between 0.25 inch (6 mm) and 0.5 inch
(12.7 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1
unit vertical in 2 units horizontal (50 percent slope).
Changes in level greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) shall be
accomplished by means of a ramp.

425.8.6 Stairways.

425.8.6.1 Group I-l andR-4 occupancies housing more
than six nonambulatory clients above the first floor shall
be provided with two vertical exit enclosures. Stairway
enclosures shall be in compliance with Section 1020.
Exceptions to Section 1020 shall not apply in facilities
licensed as a 24-hour care facility.

425.8.6.2 Group R-3.1 occupancies may continue to use
existing stairways (except for winding and spiral stair-
ways which are not permitted as a required means of
egress) provided the stairs have a maximum rise of 8
inches (203 mm) with a minimum run of 9 inches (229
mm). The minimum stairway width may be 30 inches
(762 mm).

425.8.7 Floor separation. Group R-3.1 occupancies shall
be provided with a nonfire resistance constructed floor sep-
aration at stairs which will prevent smoke migration
betweenfloors. Such floor separation shall have equivalent
construction of 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard on
one side of wall framing.

Exceptions:

1. Occupancies with at least one exterior exit from
floors occupied by clients.

2. Occupancies provided with automatic flre sprin-
kler systems complying with Chapter 9.

425.8.7.1 Doors within floor separations. Doors within
such floor separations shall be tight fitting solid wood at
least P/g inches (35 mm) in thickness. Door glazing shall
not exceed 1,296 inches (32 918 mm) with no dimension
greater than 54 inches (1372 mm). Such doors shall be
positive latching, smoke gasketed and shall be auto-
matic-closing by smoke detection.

425.8.8 Fences and gates. Grounds of a residential care for
the elderly facility serving Alzheimer's clients may be
fenced and gates therein equipped with locks, provided safe
dispersal areas are located not less than 50 feet (15240 mm)
from the buildings. Dispersal areas shall be sized to provide
an area of not less than 3 square feet (0.28^) per occupant.
Gates shall not be installed across corridors or passage-
ways leading to such dispersal areas unless they comply
with egress requirements.

425.8.9 Basement exits. One exit is required to grade level
when the basement is accessible to clients.

425.8.10 Delayed egress locks. See Section 1008.1.8.6.

425.9 Request for alternate means of protection for facilities
housing bedridden clients. Request for alternate means of pro-
tection shall apply to Sections 425 through 425.9. Request for
approval to use an alternative material, assembly or materials,

equipment, method of construction, method of installation of
equipment or means of protection shall be made in writing to
the local fire authority having jurisdiction by the facility, client
or the client's authorized representative. Sufficient evidence
shall be submitted to substantiate the need for an alternate
means of protection.

The facility, client or the client's representative or the local
fire authority having jurisdiction may request a written opinion
from the State Fire Marshal concerning the interpretation of
the regulations promulgated by the State Fire Marshal for a
particular factual dispute. The State Fire Marshal shall issue
the written opinion within 45 days following the request.

Approval of a request for use of an alternative material,
assembly or materials, equipment, method of construction,
method of installation of equipment, or means of protection
made pursuant to this section shall be limited to Group R-3.1
occupancies housing a bedridden client.

Approvals made by the local fire authority having jurisdic-
tion and the written opinion by the State Fire Marshal shall be
applicable only to the requesting facility and shall not be con-
strued as establishing any precedent for any future request by
that facility or any other facility.

SECTION 426
GROUP 1-4 [SFM]

426.1 Group 1-4 special provisions. Rooms classified as
Group 1-4 shall not be located above or below the first story.

Exceptions:

1. Basements or stories having floor levels located
within 4 feet (1219 mm), measured vertically, from
adjacent ground level at the level of exit discharge,
provided the basement or story has exterior exit doors
at that level.

2. In buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler
system throughout, rooms used for day-care purposes
may be located on the second story, provided there are
at least two exterior exit doors for the exclusive use of
such occupants

3. Group 1-4 child care facilities may be located above
the first story in buildings of Type I construction and
in Types llA, andlllA construction, subject to the limi-
tation of Section 503 when:

3.1. Group 1-4 child care facilities with children
under the age of seven or containing more
than 12 children per story shall not be located
above the fourth floor; and

3.2. The entire story in which the Group 1-4 child
care facility is located is equipped with an ap-
proved manual fire alarm and smoke detec-
tion system (see the California Fire Code).
Actuation of an initiating device shall sound
an audible alarm throughout the entire story.

When a building fire alarm system is re-
quired by other provisions of this code or the
California Fire Code, the alarm system shall
be connected to the building alarm system. An

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approved alarm signal shall sound at an ap-
proved location in the Group 1-4 child care fa-
cility to indicate afire alarm or sprinkler flow
condition in other portions of the building;
and

3.3. Group 1-4 child care facilities, if more than
1,000 square feet (92.9 m^) in area, is divided
into at least two compartments of approxi-
mately the same size by a smoke barrier with
door openings protected by smoke- and
draft-control assemblies having afire protec-
tion rating of not less than 20 minutes. Smoke
barriers shall have afire-resistive rating of
not less than 1 hour. In addition to the require-
ments of Section 508.3.3, occupancy separa-
tions between Group 1-4 child care and other
occupancies shall be constructed as smoke
barriers. Door openings in the smoke barrier
shall be tighlfitting, with gaskets installed as
required by Section 709, and shall be auto-
matic closing by actuation of the automatic
sprinklers, fire alarm or smoke detection sys-
tem; and

3.4. Each compartment formed by the smoke bar-
rier has not less than two exits or exit access
doors, one of which is permitted to pass
through the adjoining compartment; and

3.5. Where two or more means of exits or exit ac-
cess are required at least one shall not share a
common path of travel; and

3.6. The building is equipped with an automatic
sprinkler system throughout

SECTION 427
Reserved

SECTION 428
Reserved

SECTION 429
Reserved

SECTION 430
HORSE RACING STABLES [SFM]

430.1 For automatic sprinkler and fire alarm system require-
ments applying to each building, barn or structure which is
used by an association regulated by the California Horse Rac-
ing Board for the stabling of horses or human habitation, and
the stable area grounds, including any additional location
where any excess horses are stabled, see Title 4, Division 4,
Article 1, Section 1927.

SECTION 431
PET KENNELS [SFM]

431.1 These regulations shall apply to every building or fire
area in which a pet dealer, as defined in Health and Safety Code
Section 122125, maintains a kennel.

431.2 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automatic
sprinkler system complying with California Fire Code Section
903 shall be installed.

Exception: Where afire alarm system that is connected to a
central reporting station that alerts the local fire depart-
ment in case of fire.

SECTION 432
COMBUSTION ENGINES AND GAS TURBINES

[SFM]

432.1 General. The installation of combustion engines and gas
turbines shall be in accordance with NFPA 37 and this chapter.

432.2 Separation,

432.2.1 Construction. Every room in which is installed a
combustion engine or gas turbine shall be separated from
the remainder of the building by not less than a 1 -hour fire
barrier

432.2.2 Exterior openings. When doors, windows or lou-
vered openings are located below openings in another story
or less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from doors, windows or lou-
vered openings of the same building, they shall be protected
by afire assembly having a %-hour rating. Such fire assem-
blies shall be fixed, automatic or self-closing.

432.2.2.1 Interior openings. In other than buildings
housing Group I occupancies, interior openings shall be
allowed in buildings protected by an automatic fire
sprinkler system throughout

432.2.3 Location. Combustion engines and gas turbines
used for emergency power shall not be located in a room or
area used for any purpose other than equipment and con-
trols related to the generation and distribution of emergency
power

432.2.4 Special hazards. The handling and use of flamma-
ble or combustible liquids shall comply with the California
Fire Code.

SECTION 433
FIXED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS [SFM]

433,1 General,

433.1.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to
buildings or structures defined as stations for fixed
guideway transit systems and shall supersede other similar
requirements in other sections of this code.

433.1.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this section, certain
terms are defined as follows:

AT-GRADE STATION is any at-grade or unroofed station
other than an elevated or underground station.

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ELEVATED STATION is a station greater than one story
not otherwise defined as an at-grade or underground sta-
tion.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PANEL (BMP) is the
location where all necessary on-site control and communi-
cation facilities are consolidated for effective response to
emergency situations.

ENCLOSED STATION is a station or portion thereof that
does not meet the definition of an "open station."

ENGINEERING ANALYSIS (FIRE HAZARD/FIRE
RISK ASSESSMENT) is an analysis that evaluates all var-
ious factors that affect the fire safety of the system or compo-
nent A written report of the analysis shall indicate the fire
protection method(s) recommended that demonstrates a
level of fire safety commensurate with this standard.

FIXED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM is an automated
driverlessor manually controlled electrified transportation
system, utilizing a fixed guideway, operating on
right-of-way for the mass movement of passengers and con-
sisting of its fixed guideway s, transit vehicles and other roll-
ing stock; power system; buildings; maintenance facilities;
stations; transit vehicle yard; and other stationary and mov-
able apparatus, equipment, appurtenances and structures.

GUIDEWAY is that portion of the system on which the tran-
sit vehicles operate.

OPEN STATION is a station that is constructed in such a
manner that it is open to the atmosphere, and smoke and
heat are allowed to disperse directly into the atmosphere.
The following enclosed areas in open stations are permitted
but limited to:

1. Ticket/pass booths not exceeding 150 square feet
(13.9 rrf) in area.

2. Mechanical and electrical spaces typically not used
for human occupancy and necessaryfor the operation
of a fixed guideway transit system. Such spaces shall
be limited to two per level.

3. Restrooms not exceeding 150 square feet (13.9 m^) in
area. A maximum of four restrooms are permitted per
level.

OPERATIONS CONTROL CENTER (OCC) (CENTRAL
CONTROL) is the operation center where the authority
controls and coordinates the system-wide movement of pas-
sengers and trains from which communication is main-
tained with supervisory and operating personnel of the
authority, and with participating agencies when required.

POINT OF SAFETY is an enclosed fire exit that leads to a
public way or safe location outside the structure, or an
at-grade point beyond any enclosing structure, or other
area that affords adequate protection for passengers.

POWER SUBSTATION is the location of electric equip-
ment that does not generate electricity but receives and con-
verts or transforms generated energy to usable electric
energy.

STATION is a place designated for the purpose of loading
and unloading passengers, including patron service areas
and ancillary spaces associated with the same structure.

STATION PLATFORM is the area of a station used pri-
marily for loading and unloading transit vehicle passen-
gers.

UNDERGROUND STATION is a station or that part of a
station located beneath the surface of the earth or of the
^ water.

433.2 Types of construction.

433.2.1 Unless otherwise specified in this section, buildings
or portions of buildings classed as stations of fixed
guideway transit systems shall be minimum Type I, Type IB,
or Type IIA construction and shall not exceed in area or
height the limits specified in Table 503.

Underground stations shall be a minimum Type I or Type
IB construction.

Open stations may be of Type IIB construction and shall
not exceed in area or height as required by Table 503 for
Type IIA.

Exception: At-grade structures of open stations with an
occupancy load not exceeding 300 persons may be of any
construction type permitted by this code.

433.2.2 Mixed occupancies.

433.2.2.1 Stations of fixed guideway transit systems shall
be separatedfrom other occupancies in accordance with
Table 508.3.3 for Group A occupancies.

433.2.2.2 The following areas shall be separated from
public areas by a 2-hour barrier:

1. Electrical control rooms, auxiliary electrical
rooms and associated battery rooms.

2. Trash rooms.

3. Train control rooms and associated battery rooms.

4. Fan rooms.

5. Emergency generator rooms.

433.2.2.3 Within station structures, all power substa-
tions shall be separatedfrom all other areas by a 3-hour
fire barrier with no openings to public areas.

433.3 Access and exit facilities.

433.3.1 Occupant load. The occupant load for a transit sta-
tion shall be based on the emergency condition requiring
evacuation of that station to a point of safety. The station
occupant load shall be the sum of the number of persons in
the calculated train load of trains entering a station plus the
entraining load of persons awaiting train(s), during a speci-
fied time period. Notwithstanding, the minimum occupant
load shall not be less than the maximum capacity load of a
train which would occupy the entire length of the station
platform on a single track. Exiting shall be provided for
occupant loads recalculated upon increase in service
and/or every 5 years.

433.3.1.1 Calculated train load. The calculated train
load is the number of passengers on trains
simultaneously entering the station on all tracks in nor-
mal traffic direction during the peak 15-minute period.

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The following limitations to the calculated train load
shall be applied:

1. No more than one train will unload at any one
track to a platform during an emergency.

2. The load on any single train is limited to the maxi-
mum train capacity.

433.3.1.2 Entraining load (on platform awaiting train).

The entraining load is equal to the number ofpassengers
that would accumulate on theplatform in the timeperiod
equivalent to two headways or 12 minutes during the
peak 15-minute period, whichever timeperiod is greater

This entraining load is constrained as stated as fol-
lows:

1. Special consideration shall be given to stations
servicing areas where events occur that establish
occupant loads not included in normal passenger
loads. These would include such areas as civic
centers, sports complexes and convention centers.

2. At multiplatform stations, each platform shall be
considered separately. Arrival of trains from all
normal traffic directions, plus their entraining
loads, shall be considered.

3. At concourses, mezzanines or multilevel stories,
simultaneous platform loads shall be considered
for all exit lanes passing through that area.

433.3.2 Exits required.

433.3.2.1 Number of exits. Stations shall have at least
two exits placed a distance apart equal to not less than
one-half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the station. Enclosed station platforms
shall have a minimum of one exit within 20 feet (6096
mm) from each end. Underground station platforms shall
have a minimum of one enclosed exit within 20 feet (6096
mm) from each end. Routes from platform ends into the
underground guideway shall not be considered as exits
for calculating exiting requirements.

433.3.2.2 Capacity of exits and station evacuation time.

433.3.2.2.1 Exit capabilities shall be calculated on
the basis of 22-inch-wide (559 mm) exit lanes at the
clear and narrowest point except that individual
handrails may project into the required width as per-
mitted by Chapter 10. Fractional lanes shall not be
counted in measuring exit capacities except that 12
inches (305 mm) added to one or more lanes shall be
counted as one-half a lane. Escalators 32 inches (813
mm) in width may be considered as i Vj lanes.

433.3.2.2.2 There shall be sufficient means of exit to
evacuate the station occupant load from the station
platforms in 4 minutes or less.

433.3.2.2.3 The station shall also be designed to per-
mit evacuationfrom the most remote point on theplat-
form to a point of safety in 6 months or less.

433.3.2.2.4 In at-grade or elevated structures so
designed that the station platform is open to the ele-
ments and, when the concourse is below or protected

from the platform by distance or materials as deter-
mined by an appropriate engineering analysis, that
concourse may be defined as a point of safety, with fire
code official concurrence.

433.3.2.2.5 To calculate evacuation time, the walking
travel time should be tabulated using the longest exit
route and travel speeds. To this time should be added
the following factors:

1. The waiting time at the vertical elements at
platform level minus the longest walking travel
time at platform level.

2. The waiting time at the fare collection barriers
minus the waiting time at the platform vertical
circulation elements.

3. The waiting time at the vertical or horizontal
circulation elements from mezzanine to grade
minus the waiting time at the platform vertical
circulation elements or fare collection barrier,
whichever is greater.

4. The waiting time, if any, at any additional con-
striction minus the greatest previous waiting
time (repeat for all additional constrictions).

Note: The total of any of the factors in Items 1 through
4 above cannot be less than zero.

433.3.3 Exit width and exit lanes.

433.3.3.1 The capacity in persons per minute (ppm),
patron travel speeds infeet per minute (fpm) and require-
ments for exit lanes shall be as follows:

1. Platforms, corridors and ramps of 1 foot vertical
for 20 feet horizontal (5-percent slope) or less:
Exit corridors, platforms and ramps shall be a
minimum clear width of 5 feet (1524 mm). In com-
puting the number of exit lanes available, Ifoot 6
inches (457 mm) shall be deducted at each plat-
form edge and 1 foot (305 mm) at each sidewall.

Per exit lane:

Capacity — 50 ppm

Travel speed— 200 fpm

2. Stairs, stopped escalators and ramps of over Ifoot
vertical for 20 feet horizontal (5-percent slope):
Exit ramps shall be a minimum clear width of 6 feet
(1829 mm). Stopped escalators may be considered
as a means of egress, provided they are of nominal
2 feet 8 inches (813 mm) width.

Per exit lane "up" direction:

Capacity — 35 ppm

Travel speed — 50 fpm*
Per exit lane "down" direction:

Capacity — 40 ppm

Travel speed — 60 fpm*

3. Doors and gates: Gates fittedwith approved panic
hardware and opening in the direction of exit

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travel, with minimum nominal width of 3 feet (914
mm) shall be permitted in exit calculation.

Per doors and gate:

Capacity — SOppm per exit lane

4. Fare collection gates: Fare collection gates, when
deactivated, shall provide a minimum 20 inches
(508 mm) clear unobstructed aisle. Console shall
not exceed 40 inches (1016 mm) in height.

Per gate:

Capacity — 50 ppm

Note: Examples of exiting analysis may be found in
Appendix C ofNFPA 130, 1995 edition. Standard for
Fixed Guideway Transit Systems.

* Indicates vertical component of travel speed.

433.3.4 Arrangement of exits.

433.3.4.1 Vertical circulation elements shall be com-
prised of stairs or stair/escalator combinations. Escala-
tors shall not account for more than half of the units of
exit at any one level in the public area. Escalators must
be paired in combination with stairs to be included in
exiting capacity calculations.

433.3.4.2 Because of the possibility of maintenance or
malfunction, one escalator at each station shall be con-
sidered as being out of service in calculating egress
requirements. The escalator chosen shall be that one
having the most adverse effect on exiting capacities.

433.3.5 Distance to exits. No point of the stationplatform(s)
or mezzanine(s) shall be more than 300 feet (91 440 mm)
from a point of safety.

433.3.6 Other exits required/guideway access.

433.3.6.1 Access/egress between guideway and plat-
forms shall be provided as follows:

1. Stairs or ramps, 2 feet 10 inches (864 mm) in width
minimum, or other arrangement having equivalent
capacity, shall be provided at each end of the plat-
form, arranged to provide access/egress to
guideway level.

2. Except in underground stations, the access points
between the guideway and the platform, and the
exit from the platform may be integrated.

433.3.6.2 In enclosed stations, escalator and stairway
enclosures are not required in the public areas of multi-
level transit stations among platform, mezzanine and
concourse when the station is provided with an emer-
gency ventilation system.

433.3.7 Emergency lighting and exit signs.

433.3. 7.1 Emergency lighting and exit signs shall be pro-
vided in accordance with Chapter 10.

Exception: Open stations at grade need not provide
emergency lighting or exit signs.

433.4 Special provisions.

433.4.1 Automatic sprinkler system. See Section
903.2.17.1.

433.4.2 Station guideway deluge system. See Section
903.2.17.1.

433.4.3 Standpipe systems. See Section 905.3.10.

433.4.4 Emergency management panel (EMP). An EMP
shall be required for enclosed and underground stations.
Location of the EMP shall be determined by the fire code
official. The EMP shall include but not be limited to the fol-
lowing:

1. Indication of manual pull boxes and automatic smoke
detectors.

2. Indication of alarm signals from all suppression sys-
tems.

3. Capabilities for using station paging systems.

4. Emergency telephone.

5. Escalator controls.

6. Emergency ventilation controls.

7. Station schematics.

433.4.5 Emergency ventilation systems.

433.4.5.1 General. Emergency ventilation shall be pro-
vided for enclosed and underground stations for the pro-
tection of passengers, employees and emergency
personnel.

433.4.5.2 These systems shall be designed as follows:

1. A stream of noncontaminated air is provided to
passengers in apath(s) of egress away from a train
fire; and

2. Airflow rates produced toward a train fire in apath
of egress are sufficient to prevent back layering of
smoke; and

3. The temperature in apath of egress away from a
train fire is limited to 140°F (60°C) or less; and

4. The design heat release rate produced by a train
fire shall be used to design the emergency ventila-
tion system.

433.4.5.3 Ventilation_shaft terminals at-grade shall be
located to prevent recirculation as follows:

1. Openings for blast relief shafts, and under plat-
form and smoke exhaust shafts at-grade shall be
separated by a minimum horizontal distance of 40
feet (12 192 mm) from any station entrance, eleva-
tor hoistway enclosure, surface emergency stair
doorway, unprotected outside air intake or other
opening, or from each other. Exhaust outlets that
are not used for intakes may be adjacent to each
other.

2. Where this distance is not practical, the horizontal
distance may be reduced to 15 feet (4572 mm) if the
closest blast relief or underplatform and smoke ex-
haust shaft terminal is raised a minimum of 10 feet
(3048 mm) above the station entrance, emergency
stair doorway and unprotected outside air intake

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or other opening, or the underplatform and smoke
exhaust shaft terminal is raised a minimum of 10
feet (3048 mm) above the blast relief shaft termi-
nal.

3. Ventilation of stations shall not terminate at grade
on any vehicle roadway.

433.4.5.4 Emergency ventilation fans.

433.4.5.4.1 Ventilation fans used for emergency ser-
vice, their motors, dampers and all related compo-
nents exposed to the ventilation airflow shall be
designed to operate in an ambient atmosphere of
482°F (250°C) for a period of at least 1 hour. Ventila-
tion fans and related components shall be capable of
withstanding the maximum anticipated plus/minus
pressure transients induced by train operations.

433.4.5.4.2 Local fan motor starters and related
operating control devices for emergency ventilation
equipment shall be isolated from the ventilation air-
flow by a separation having afire-resistance rating of
at least 1 hour.

433.4.5.4.3 Thermal overload protective devices
shall not be provided on motor controls of fans used
for emergency ventilation.

433.4.5.4.4 The power supply for fans essential for
emergency ventilation service shall consist of two
separate electrical feeders. Each feeder shall origi-
nate from a different source (substation) and shall be
separated physically to the extent possible. Automatic
transfer shall be provided in the event the normal sup-
ply source fails.

433.4.5.4.5 Operation and fail-safe verification for
proper operation of emergency fans shall be affected
from the operation control center with indication pro-
vided for all modes of operation for each fan.

433.4.5.5 Emergency ventilation control.

433.4.5.5.1 Local controls shall override remote con-
trol. Local control shall be capable of operating the
fans in all modes in the event the remote controls
become inoperative.

433.4.5.5.2 Emergency ventilation systems shall be
supervised and/or controlled in all operating modes
locally (motor control center and/or fan unit) and
remotely at both the OCC and the station BMP.

433.4.5.5.3 Fan running shall be provided by sensing
devices for each fan for operation in both the supply
and exhaust directions.

433.4.5.5.4 Trouble status signals shall be annunci-
ated in the local control room. A summarized trouble
signal shall be annunciated at OCC and EMP.

433.4.5.6 Ventilation systems and ancillary areas.

Ancillary area ventilation systems shall be arranged so
that air is not exhausted into station public occupancy
areas.

433.5 Fire alarm and communication systems. See Section
907.2.26.

SECTION 434
EXPLOSIVES [SFM]

434.1 General construction requirements. Magazines shall be
constructed in conformity with the provisions of these regula-
tions, or may be of substantially equivalent construction satis-
factory to the enforcing agency having jurisdiction.
Reasonable allowances shall be made for storage facilities in
existence prior to the adoption of these regulations. No allow-
ance, however, shall be made for storage facilities which con-
stitute a distinct hazard to life and property.

434.2 Ventilation and weather resistance. Magazines for the
storage of explosives shall be sufficiently ventilated and
weather resistant and, when used for the storage of Class A
explosives (other than black powder, blasting agents, blasting
caps and electric blasting caps), shall also be of bullet-resis-
tant construction unless deemed exempt by the enforcing
agency having jurisdiction.

Note: The recommendation for ventilation as contained in
Pamphlet No. J, Institute of Makers of Explosives, 1965 edi-
tion, is evidence of good practice.

434.3 Construction for separation between primers and flam-
mable liquids. Primers shall be separated from flammable liq-
uids by a 1 -hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.

Exception: A separation need not be provided for small
arms ammunition primers when such primers are located a
distance of not less than 25 feet (7620 mm) from flammable
liquids.

434.4 Construction of Type I magazine. Type I magazines
shall be of bullet-resistant construction. Plans shall be submit-
ted to the enforcing agency having jurisdiction for approval
prior to construction.

434.4.1 General. Use of the following materials and meth-
ods of construction shall be evidence of compliance with
this requirement:

1. Masonry units not less than 8 inches (203 mm) in
thickness with all hollow spaces filled with weak ce-
ment, well-tamped sand or equivalent material; or

2. Reinforced concrete not less than 6 inches (152 mm)
in thickness; or

3. Steel walls of minimum No. 14 manufacturer's stan-
dard gage (0.0747 inch) (1.9 mm) to No. 6 manufac-
turer's standard gage (0.1943 inch) (4.9 mm) may be
used, provided there are two layers spaced at least 6
inches (152 mm) apart with all hollow spaces filled
with weak cement, well-tamped sand or equivalent
material; or

4. One layer of No. 6 manufacturer's standard gage
(0.1943 inch) (4.9 mm) or heavier; steel lined on the
interior with a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) of
wood; or

5. Two layers of No. 6 manufacturer's standard gage
(0. 1 943 inch) (4. 9 mm) or heavier steel spaced a mini-
mum V2 inch (12.7 mm) apart and lined on the interior
with a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm) of wood; or

6. Two layers of wood, at least 2 inches (51mm) nominal
thickness each, spaced a minimum of 4 inches (102

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mm) apart with the hollow spacefilled with weak ce-
ment, well-tamped sand or equivalent material.

7. Wood used shall conform to the following:

Wood shall be of tongue-and-grooved lumber or ply-
wood. Wood shall be covered, on the exterior side,
with metal to provide protection against flying embers
and sparks.

434.4.2 Doors. Doors shall be of bullet-resistant construc-
tion. Each door is to be equipped with:

1. Two mortise locks;

2. Two padlocks fastened in separate hasps and staples;

3. A combination of a mortise lock and a padlock;

4. A mortise lock that requires two keys to open; and

5. A three-point lock.

Padlocks must have at least five tumblers and a
case-hardened shackle of at least Vg-inch (9.5 mm) diame-
ter. Padlocks must be protected with not less than '/4-inch
(6.4 mm) steel hoods constructed so as to prevent sawing or
lever action on the locks, hasps and staples. These require-
ments do not apply to magazine doors that are adequately
secured on the inside by means of a bolt, lock or bar that
cannot be actuated from the outside.

434.4.3 Floors. Floors of magazines shall be securely fas-
tened in place and shall be capable of withstanding the
loads imposed.

434.4.4 Roofs. Roofs shall be securely fastened inplace and
they shall be bullet resistant, if required by the fire chief hav-
ing jurisdiction.

434.4.5 Ventilation openings. Ventilation openings shall be
screened to prevent the entrance of sparks and protected in
a manner that will maintain the bullet resistance of the mag-
azine.

434.4.6 Interiors. Magazine interiors shall be of a smooth
finish without cracks or crevices with all nails, screws, bolts
and nuts countersunk. Exposed metal capable of emitting
sparks shall be covered so as not to come in contact with
packages of explosives.

434.4.7 Location. No Type I magazine, or portion thereof,
shall be located under a high-voltage power line (750 volts
or more). For the purposes of this section, "under" shall
include an open space of not less than the height of the
power line from the ground at right angles to the walls of the
magazine.

434.5 Buildings used for mixing of blasting agents. Buildings
used for the mixing of blasting agents shall conform to the
requirements of Sections 434.5 and 434.6, unless otherwise
specifically approved by the enforcing agency having jurisdic-
tion.

434.5.1 Construction. Buildings shall be of all
noncombustible construction or of sheet metal on wood
studs.

434.5.2 Separation. The layout of the mixing building shall
be such so as to provide physical separation between the fin-

ished product storage and the mixing and packaging
operations.

434.5.3 Storage areas. Floors in storage areas and in the
processing plant shall be of concrete or other
noncombustible material. Isolatedfuel storage shall be pro-
vided to avoid contact between molten ammonium nitrate
and fuel in case of fire.

434.5.4 Ventilation. The building shall be well ventilated in
accordance with Section 434.2.

434.5.5 Heat. Heat, if used, shall be provided exclusively
from a unit outside of the building.

434.5.6 Venting. Explosion venting shall be provided when
required by the enforcing agency having jurisdiction.

434.6 Building construction storage. Blasting agents may be
stored in the manner set forth in Title 19, California Code of
Regulations, Subchapter 10, Article 3, or in one-story ware-
houses (without basements), which shall be:

1. Of noncombustible or 1-hour fire-resistive construction;

2. Constructed so as to eliminate floor drains and piping
into which molten materials could flow and be confined
in case of fire;

3. Weather resistant;

4. Well ventilated in accordance with Section 434.2; and

5. Equipped with a substantially constructed and lockable
door which shall be kept securely locked, except When the
facility is open for business.

434.7 Electrical requirements for Type I magazines. Maga-
zines shall not be provided with either heat or light, except
upon the approval of the enforcing agency having jurisdiction.
Electrical installation, when permitted, shall be in accordance
with the California Electrical Code for Type II, Division I loca-
tions.

434.8 Mixing room blasting agents. All electrical switches,
controls, motors and lights, if located in the mixing room, shall
be installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code
for Type II, Division I locations.

434.9 Storage of special effects materials. The storage of not
more than 750 pounds (340 kg) of special effects materials
shall be in a building or a room conforming to the requirements
of Group H, Division 1 occupancies as defined in this part. In
addition, the following shall apply to every special effects
materials storage building or room:

1. The building shall be sprinklered as required in Chapter
9.

2. It shall be deemed that the storage of special effects ma-
terials creates an atmosphere of flammable dust.

3. Two or more permanent openings having an area of not
less than 100 square inches (64 500 mm^) shall be lo-
cated in the exterior wall to provide natural ventilation.
These openings shall be protected by screens or louvers
covered with '/4-inch (6.4 mm) wire mesh screen.

4. Walls, floor ceiling, shelves and benches shall have a
smooth nonmetallic surface which can be easily cleaned
with a minimum of brushing or scrubbing.

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5. Each entrance door shall be posted on the outside with
signs stating, "Authorized Personnel Only" and "No
Smoking."

6. Assembling and manufacturing are prohibited in special
effects storage rooms or buildings.

7. The room shall be located above grade in a one-story
building or on the top floor of a multistory building or
may be a separate building.

8. The room or building shall have a minimum floor area of
80 square feet (7.4 m^) with no dimension less than 8 feet
(2438 mm).

9. Electric wiring, lighting and heating shall be of a type
approved for use in hazardous locations.

434.10 Mixing room or building. Buildings or rooms in which
more than 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of special effects materials are
present at any time shall be constructed with at least one wall of
explosion-relief type. The relief wall should be placed so as to
be of least hazard to persons in adjacent buildings.

434.10.1 Explosive venting. When explosive venting is
required, the venting area will be calculated on 1 square
foot (0.0929 m^)for each 35 cubic feet (0.99 m^) of building
or roof area.

434.10.2 Egress. All rooms or buildings shall have ade-
quate aisle space and at least two exits separated by a dis-
tance equal to at least one-fifth the perimeter of the room.
Openings in fire walls shall be equipped with approved,
self-closing fire doors. All exit doors shall open outward and
be equipped with approved panic hardware.

Exception: Cubicles 100 square feet (9.3 m^) or less and
occupied by not more than two persons working within
12 feet (3658 mm) of an unobstructed passageway may
have one exit.

434.10.3 Room finishes. Floors, walls, interior surfaces
and equipment shall be of a finish and color that will indi-
cate the presence of dust and spilled material. They shall be
smooth finished for easy cleaning.

434.10.4 HVAC. Heating and cooling shall be by the indi-
rect method using water, steam, electric heaters or other
indirect methods.

Note: Floor registers shall not be permitted.

434.10.5 Electrical. All electrical wiring and equipment
shall be acceptable for the hazard involved and installed in
accordance with Hazardous Locations, California Electri-
cal Code.

434.10.6 Grounding. Effective bonding and grounding
means shall be provided to prevent accumulation of static
charges where static charges are a hazard, as set forth in the
California Electrical Code.

434.10.7 Pressure relief valves. Hydraulic or air presses
and hand jacks shall be provided with pressure-relief valves
so arranged and set that the material being processed will
not be subjected to pressure likely to cause it to explode.
Dies and plugged press equipment shall not be cleared by

striking blows that may detonate or start the material burn-
ing.

434.10.8 Dust control. Dust from special effects materials
shall not be exhausted to the atmosphere. Where vacuum
dust collections systems are used, they shall comply with the
following requirements:

1. Adequate filters must be installed between the source
vacuum and the point of pickup to prevent explosive
special effects materials from entering the vacuum
pump or exhauster.

2. The dust collection system shall be designed to pre-
vent pinch points threaded fittings exposed to the haz-
ardous dust and sharp turns, dead ends, pockets, etc.,
in which special effects materials may lodge and ac-
cumulate outside the collecting chamber

3. The entire vacuum collection system shall be made
electrically continuous and be grounded to a maxi-
mum resistance of 5 ohms.

4. Chambers in which the dusts are collected shall not be
located in the operating area unless adequate shields
for the maximum quantity of material in the collector
are furnished for personnel protection.

5. No more that two rooms may be serviced by a common
connection to a vacuum collection chamber Where
interconnections are used, means should be employed
to prevent propagation of an incident via the collec-
tion piping.

6. When collecting the more sensitive special effects ma-
terials, such as black powder, lead azide, etc., a.wet.
collector which moistens the dust close to the point of
intake and maintains the dust wet until removed for
disposal shall be used. Wetting agents shall be com-
patible with the explosives.

7. Dusts shall be removed from the collection chamber
as often as necessary to prevent overloading. The en-
tire system shall be cleaned at a frequency that will
eliminate hazardous concentrations of dusts in pipes,
tubing and/or ducts.

434.10.9 Fans. Squirrel cage blowers should not be used for
exhausting hazardous fumes, vapors or gases. Onlynonfer-
rous fan blades are permitted for fans located within the
ductwork and through which hazardous materials are
exhausted. Motors shall be located outside the duct.

434.10.10 Work stations. Work stations for small amounts
of special effects materials [less than 1 pound (0.454 kg)]
shall be separated by distance, barrier or other means, so
fire in one station will not ignite material in the next work
station. When necessary, each operator shall be protected
by a personnel shield located between the operator and the
material being processed. This shield and its support shall
be a test designed to withstand a blast from the maximum
amount of special effects materials allowed behind it.

434.10.11 Shielding. When shields or structures are needed
to protect personnel, the following requirement shall be fol-

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lowed when specific weights of special effects materials in
the amount ofl pound (0.454 kg) or more are involved:

Weight of Explosive

1 tol 5 pounds
(0.454-6.8 kg)

More than 15 pounds (6.8
kg)

structure ofStiield Wait

Shield wall constructed of concrete
not less than 12 inches (305 mm)
thick which is reinforced near both
sides by rods not less than V2 inch
(12. 7 mm) in diameter located on
maximum centers of 12 inches (305
mm) both horizontally and
vertically. The rods must be
staggered on opposite faces.

The shield wall for the protection
of workers must he designed in
such a manner to protect against
the efforts of not less than 25
percent overload above the
expected maximum charge to be
processed.

Notes:

1. One inch (25 mm) of mild steel is equivalent to 1
foot (305 mm) of reinforced concrete.

2. Explosives shall be located not less than 36 inches
(914 mm) from the wall and 24 inches (610 mm)
above the floor.

If this personnel protection wall for the required opera-
tion involving large quantities of special effects materials
becomes so large that it is impractical, the operator must
perform the operations by remote control or be protected by
a suitably constructed shelter designed with a safety factor
of not less than 4 to withstand the overpressure from the
maximum amount of explosives in process.

SECTION 435
Reserved

SECTION 436
WINERY CAVES [SFM]

436.1 Scope. The use of subterranean space for winery facili-
ties in natural or manmade caves shall be in accordance with
this section.

436.2 Definitions.

436.3 General. For definitions of "Assembly, fire appliance"
and "Noncombustible," see Chapter 2.

436.4 Limited application. For the purpose of Section436, cer-
tain terms are defined as follows:

TYPE 1 WINERY CAVES. Natural or manmade caves
used solely for storage and/or processing of wine at a win-
ery facility. Type 1 winery caves are not accessible to the
public.

TYPE 2 WINERY CAVES. Natural or manmade caves
used for the storage and/or processing of wine at a winery

facility. Type 2 winery caves are accessible to the public on
guided tours only.

TYPE 3 WINERY CAVES. Natural or manmade caves
used for the storage and/or processing of wine at a winery
facility. Type 3 winery caves are accessible to the public on
guided tours and contain assembly use areas.

436.5 Permits. For permits to operate Type 2 and 3 winery
caves, see Appendix Chapter 1, Section 105.

436.6 Fire apparatus access roads Fire apparatus access
wads shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with
the California Fire Code, Section 503.

436.7 Construction requirements.

436.7.1 Allowable area. The area of winery caves shall not
be limited if constructed entirely of noncombustible materi-
als.

Winery caves constructed with combustible materials
shall be limited in area so that no point is more than 150 feet
(45 720 mm) from an exit.

436.7.2 Interior construction. The walls and ceilings of
winery caves shall not contain hidden or concealed spaces.

436.8 General requirements.

436.8.1 Public tours. Tours for the public shall be continu-
ously guided by staff knowledgeable in the location of exits
and the use of emergency notification devices.

436.8.2 Standby personnel. In accordance with the Califor-
nia Fire Code, Section 2404.20, when, in the opinion of the
fire chief, it is essential for public safety, the owner, agent or
lessee shall employ one or more qualified persons, as
required and approved by the chief, to be on duty at such
place. Such individuals shall be in uniform or otherwise
easily identifiable.

Standby personnel shall be subject to the fire chiefs
orders at all times when so employed and shall remain on
duty during the times such places are open to the public or
when such activity is being conducted.

Before the start of any activity requiring standby person-
nel, such individuals shall:

1. Inspect the required fire appliances to ensure they are
in the proper place and in good working order

2. Inspect all exits to verify accessibility and proper op-
eration.

While on duty, such individuals shall not be required or
permitted to perform any duties other than those specified
by the fire chief.

436.8.3 Open-flame devices. The use of candles and other
open-flame devices shall be in accordance with California
Fire Code, Section 308.3.5.

436.9 Portable fire extinguishers and other fire appliances.

Portable fire extinguishers shall be located to be readily acces-
sible. Their type, location and spacing throughout the facility
shall be in accordance with the provisions of Title 19, Chapter
3 and California Fire Code, Section 906.1. Other fire appli-
ances shall be maintained at the site as required by the fire
chief.

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436.10 Fire alarm systems. An approved manual fire alarm
system conforming with the provisions of the California Fire
Code, Section 907.2.1, shall be provided in all Type 3 winery
caves.

436.11 Exits.

436.11.1 Distribution. Exits shall be located remotely from
each other and arranged to minimize any possibility that
more than one may be blocked off by any one fire or other
emergency condition.

436.11.2 Number. Winery caves shall be provided with a
minimum of two exits. Assembly areas of Type 3 winery
caves shall be provided with exits as required by the Califor-
nia Building Code for Group A occupancies.

436.12 Exit illumination.

436.12.1 General. Exits shall be illuminated to a minimum
intensity of not less than 1 foot-candle (10.76 lux) at floor
level whenever the winery cave is occupied. Fixtures provid-
ing exit illumination shall be supplied from a dedicated cir-
cuit or source of power used only for exit illumination.

436.12.2 Separate sources of power. The power supply for
exit illumination may be provided by the premises' wiring
system. In the event of its failure, illumination shall be auto-
matically provided from an emergency system in Type 2 and
3 winery caves. Emergency systems shall be supplied fi-om
storage batteries or an on-site generator set) and the system
shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the
California Electrical Code.

436.13 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be installed at required exits
and where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate the exits
from assembly areas in Type 3 winery caves.

436.14 Maximum occupant load. Occupant load require-
ments in the assembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall be in
accordance with Section 1004.

436.15 Seating arrangements. Seating arrangements in the
assembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall be in accordance
with California Fire Code, Section 1024.9.

SECTION 437
Reserved

SECTION 438
Reserved

SECTION 439
PUBLIC LIBRARIES [SL & SFM]

Public libraries funded fi-om the California Library Con-
struction and Renovation Act of 1988.

439.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Automatic sprinkler sys-
tems shall be installed in:

1. New facilities, including additions;

2. Existing facilities to which a project adds the lesser of
5, 000 square feet ( 465m^) or 10 percent of the size of the

existing facility, if the existing facility does not already
have an automatic sprinkler system.

439.1.1 Fire extinguishment. Fire-extinguishing systems
meeting the standards in Chapter 9 and approved by the
local fire authority shall be installed in:

New facilities, including additions;

Existing facilities to which a project adds the lesser of
5,000 square feet ( 465m^) or 10 percent of the size of the
existing facility, if the existing facility does not already
have an automatic sprinkler system.

439.2 System monitoring requirement. All fire protection sys-
tems shall be monitored by afire alarm supervising station in
accordance with NFPA 72.

439.2.1 Signaling system. Fire-extinguishing systems
installed in accordance with the preceding subsection shall
be connected to a remote station protection signaling sys-
tem conforming to NFPA 72.

Exception: The extinguishment and signaling require-
ments of this chapter do not apply to projects of less than
5,000 gross square feet (465 m^) that do not have ade-
quate water fiow available, except that any interior book
return with a slot piercing the exterior wall shall be
enclosed in fire-rated construction.

439.3 Book return slots. Any interior book return with a slot
piercing the exterior wall shall have a separate sprinkler head
and be enclosed in fire-rated construction.

439.4 Automatic sprinkler and extinguishing systems. For

public libraries constructed with funds awarded under the Cal-
ifornia Reading and Literacy Improvement and Public Library
Construction and Renovation Bond Act of 2000:

1. Fire sprinkler system requirement. All libraries funded
for new construction, including additions, shall have au-
tomatic fire sprinkler systems installed.

2. Fire sprinkler system requirement for renovations of
existing facilities. If there is no automatic fire sprinkler
system in the exiting facility, grant recipients shall be re-
quired to install afire sprinkler system throughout the ex-
isting facility.

3. Fire sprinkler system types. The grant recipient may
choose, on approval by the local fire authority, from
wet-pipe, dry-pipe orpre-action systems, utilizing listed
standard, early suppression fast response (ESFR) or
on/off-type sprinkler heads.

4. Book return rooms and slots. Book return rooms with
slots in exterior walls shall have an automatic sprinkler
head and be of approved fire-resistive construction.
Book return slots and book drops shall have an addi-
tional automatic sprinkler head when shielded from the
room sprinkler head.

5. System monitoring requirement. All fire protection sys-
tems shall be monitored by afire alarm supervising sta-
tion in accordance with NFPA 72.

6. Alternate fire-extinguishing systems for specialized ar-
eas. When approved by the fire authority having jurisdic-
tion, other types of approved automatic

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fire-extinguishing systems may be utilized as an alter-
nate to sprinklers in the following areas: rare book
rooms, central computer rooms and telecommunication
rooms.

7. Automatic sprinkler system plan requirement. Fire
sprinkler system drawings shall use the furniture plan as
a background for coordination with furniture and book
stack location and height.

SECTION 440
GROUP C[SFM]

440.1 Group C occupancies defined.

440.1.1 Organized camps. For the purposes of these regula-
tions, Group C occupancies shall mean "organized camps"
as defined in Section 18897, Health and Safety Code.

440.1.1.1 Description. An organized camp is a site with
programs and facilities established for the primary pur-
pose of providing an outdoor group living experience
with social, spiritual, educational or recreational objec-
tives, for 5 days or more during one or more seasons of
the year

The term "organized camp " does not include a motel,
tourist camp, trailer park, resort, hunting camp, auto
court, labor camp, penal or correctional camp, child
care institution or home-finding agency nor does it
include any charitable or recreational organization
which complies with the rules and regulations for recre-
ation railer parks provided for by Section 18301 (b).
Health and Safety Code.

440.1.2 Tents and tent structures. For the purpose of this
chapter, a tent or tent structure is defined as any shelter of
which 25 percent or more of the walls or roof, or both, are
constructed of, or covered or protected by, a canvas or any
other fabric material.

440.2 Purpose and intent. The provisions of this section are
established to provide fire and life safety in organized camps,
but at the same time preserve the basic concept of outdoor liv-
ing. It is the intent of this section that organized camps shall be
considered as a separate and distinct occupancy.

440.3 Basic building and structures.

440.3.1 Building classification. Every building or structure
shall be classified into the occupancy group they most
nearly resemble and be constructed in accordance with
appropriate occupancy requirements specified in this part.

Exceptions:

1 . Tents, tent structures, and buildings and structures
that do not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm) in any lateral
dimension and where such building or structure is
not more than one story.

2. For fire safety, buildings or structures on the pre-
mises of an organized camp which are used for
sleeping purposes, regardless of their similarity to
other occupancy groups, shall conform to the pro-
visions of Sections 440.4, 440.5, 440.6 and 440.7.

3. For fire safety, buildings and structures which are
not used for sleeping purposes shall conform to the
provisions of Section 440. 7, which shall supersede
any similar provisions contained in this part.

440.3.2 Occupant load. The living shelter, whether a build-
ing, structure, tent and tent structure, or cabin, shall provide
a minimum of 30 square feet (2.8 rr?) of superficial floor
areaper person for single-tier bed units, and 20 square feet
(1.9 m^) of superficial floor area per person for two-tier bed
units. More than two tiers per bed unit are prohibited. There
shall be at least 3 feet (914 mm) of lateral distance between
beds.

Exception: Intermittent short-term organized camps are
not required to provide shelter facilities but, if provided,
they shall comply with this section.

440.4 General.

440.4.1 Buildings intended for sleeping. Buildings and
structures used or intended for sleeping purposes which do
not exceed any one of the limitations set forth below shall
conform to the provisions of Sections 440.5 and 440.7.

1. One story in height.

2. Twenty-fivefeet (7620 mm) in any lateral dimension.

Exception: This provision shall not apply to build-
ings or structures conforming to construction pro-
visions of this section in effect prior to January 1,
1985.

3. Maximum housing of 12 persons.

440.4.2 Limitations. Buildings and structures used or
intended for sleeping purposes, including those so used in
whole or in part by staff personnel, and which exceed any
one of the limitations set forth in Section 440.4.1, shall con-
form to the provisions of Sections 440.5 and 440.7.

Exception: Buildings or structures used exclusively for
living and sleeping purposes by resident custodial or
caretaker personnel only may be constructed in accor-
dance with the provisions of these regulations for a
Group R-3 occupancy.

440.5 Special buildings, tents and tent structures.

440.5.1 Special buildings. In addition to the provisions of
Section 440.7, special buildings conforming to the limita-
tions specified in Section 440.4.1 shall conform to the fol-
lowing:

1. The flame-spread end-point rating of all interior fln-
ish materials shall not exceed 200.

2. Every room or area housing more than eight persons
shall be provided with not less than two approved ex-
its, each of which shall be direct to the exterior and
shall not be less than 32 inches (813 mm) in clear
width and 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) in height. Rooms
or areas housing eight or less persons shall be pro-
vided with at least one such exit direct to the exterior.

3. Every exit door shall be openable from the inside
without the use of any key, special knowledge or ef-
fort.

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4. Exit doors need not be hung to swing in the direction
of exit travel. Where exit doors are hung to swing in
the direction of exit travel, a landing conforming to
the provisions of Section 1 008. 1 . 5 shall be provided.

5. When the distance (measured vertically) between the
ground level and the floor level exceeds 8 inches (203
mm), a stairway from each exit shall be provided.
Steps shall have a rise of not more than 8 inches (203
mm) and a run of not less than 9 inches (229 mm).
Such stairway shall be at least as wide as the door it
serves.

Exception: In lieu of a stairway, a ramp having a
slope of not more than Ifoot (305 mm) of rise for
each 8 feet (2438 mm) of run may be provided.

6. When the floor level at any door opening of any build-
ing or structure is more than 30 inches (762 mm)
above the adjacent ground level, handrails or guard-
rails shall be provided on the landing, balcony or
porch, and on every stairway or ramp to ground level.

7. Buildings and structures or groups of buildings and
structures shall be separated from each other by not
less than 10 feet (3048 mm). This section shall not ap-
ply to existing buildings and structures of existing
Group C occupancies.

440.5.2 Tents and tent structures. In addition to the provi-
sions of Section 440.7, tents and tent structures, or groups
thereof, shall conform to the provisions of Section 440.5,
except as follows:

1. Regardless of any other provisions of this section,
heating of tents and tent structures shall be prohibited
unless written permission is obtained from the fire
chief.

2. All canvas or other fabric material shall be treated
and maintained in aflame-retardant condition.

Exceptions:

1. Tents in existence prior to January 1, 1979,
provided the following conditions are met:

1.1. Tents shall not exceed 80 square feet
(7.4 nf-) in area.

1.2. No electrical devices, except flash-
lights, are installed or used in the
tents.

1.3. Tents are not located closer than 30
feet (9144 mm) to any open fire.

1.4. Smoking is prohibited in the tents.

1.5. All other applicable provisions of
this article are met.

2. Canvas or materials used exclusively to pro-
tect windows and similar openings in walls.

3. Canvas or materials used as a windbreak en-
closure of not more than three sides and
open to the sky.

Note: It is not the intent of Section
440.5.2 that strict adherence to the width
and height requirements of exit openings
be enforced for exits from tents.

440.6 Buildings and structures for sleeping. Buildings and
structures, or portions thereof, used or intended for sleeping
purposes and which exceed the height, area or capacity limita-
tions specified in Section 440.4.1 shall conform to the provi-
sions of this section.

440.6.1 Area, height and type of construction. Buildings
and structures, or portions thereof, shall not exceed the lim-
its of area, height and type of construction specified in these
regulations for a Group I-l occupancy. Such buildings and
structures shall not be of less than 1 -hour fire-resistive con-
struction throughout.

440.6.2 Location on property. The fire-resistive protection
of exterior walls and openings, as determined by location
on property, shall be in accordance with the provisions of
these regulations for a Group I-l occupancy.

440.6.3 Exits. Stairs, exits and smokeproof enclosures shall
be provided in accordance with the provisions of Chapter
10.

440.6.4 Enclosure of vertical openings. Exits shall be
enclosed as specified in Chapter 10. Elevator shafts, vent
shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed and
enclosures shall be as set forth in Chapter 7.

440.6.5 Fire-extinguishing systems. Automatic fire-extin-
guishing systems, standpipes and basement pipe inlets shall
be installed when and as specified in Chapter 9 for buildings
based on the occupancy they most nearly resemble.

440.6.6 Automatic fire alarm system. See Section 907.

440.7 Special requirements. The provisions of this section
shall apply to the premises and to all buildings and structures
of all organized camps.

440.7.1 Electrical. The installation of all electrical wiring
shall conform to the applicable provisions of the California
Electrical Code.

440.7.2 Heating equipment. Heating equipment, and the
installation thereof, shall conform to the provisions of the
California Mechanical Code.

440.7.3 Motion picture booths. Motion picture machine
booths shall conform to the requirements of Section 409.

440.7.4 Interior finish. Interior finish shall conform to the
requirements of Chapter 8, except as permitted in Section
440.5.1, Item 1.

440.7.5 Heater room openings. All exterior openings in
rooms containing central heating equipment, low-pressure
boilers or water-heating boilers used as part of the heating
system, if located below openings in another story, or if less
than 10 feet (3048 mm) from other doors or windows of the
same building, shall be protected by afire assembly having
a ^/4-hour fire-resistive rating. Such fire assemblies shall be
fixed, automatic or self-closing.

Exception: The requirement for ^/f hour fire assembly
protection of openings may be deleted if the entire room
is protected by an automatic sprinkler system conform-
ing to the provisions of Section 903.

440.7.6 Heating rooms. Every room containing central
heating equipment, low-pressure boiler or water-heating

124

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

boiler used as part of the heating system shall be separated
from the rest of the building by a 1 -hour fire-resistive fire
barrier with all openings protected as set forth in Section
706.7.

. Exceptions:

1. Boilers or central heating plants where the largest
piece of fuel equipment does not exceed 400,000
Btu per hour (135 kW) input.

2. When any such opening is protected by a pair of
fire doors, the inactive leaf shall be normally se-
cured in the closed position and shall be openable
only by use of a tool. An astragal shall be provided
and the active leaf shall be self-closing.

440.7.7 Exits. For purposes of determining occupant load
for exit requirements, see Section 440.3.2.

440.7.8 Liquefied petroleum gas. The construction and
installation of all tanks, cylinders, equipment and systems
used or intended for use in conjunction with any liquefied
petroleum gas shall conform to the provisions of the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code and the California Fire Code.

440. 7.9 Air-conditioning and ventilation systems. Heating
units used as an integral part of an air-conditioning and
ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with Sec-
tions 440.7.2, 440.7.3 and 440. 7. 6.

440.8 Camp fire alarm. Every organized camp shall provide
and maintain a device or devices suitable for sounding afire
alarm. Such device or devices may be of any type acceptable to
the enforcing agency provided they are distinctive in tone from
all other signaling devices or systems and shall be audible
throughout the camp premises. When an automatic fire alarm
system is provided, as required by Section 440.6.6, all signal-
ing devices required by this section shall be of the same type as
that used in the automatic system.

SECTION 441
Reserved

SECTION 442
GROUP E[SFM]

442.1 Location on property. All buildings housing Group E
occupancies shall front directly on a public street or an exit dis-
charge not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width. The exit dis-
charge to the public street shall be a minimum 20-foot-wide
(6096 mm) right-of-way, unobstructed and maintained only as
access to the public street. At least one required exit shall be
located on the public street or on the exit discharge.

442.2 Separate means of egress systems required. Every room
with an occupant load of 300 or more shall have one of its exits
or exit-access doorways lead directly into a separate means of
egress system that consists of not less than two paths of exit
travel which are separated in such a manner to provide an
atmospheric separation that precludes contamination of both
paths of exit travel by the same fire. Not more than two required
exits or exit-access doorways shall enter into the same means
of egress system.

442.3 Fences and gates. School grounds may be fenced and
gates therein may be equipped with locks, provided that safe
dispersal areas based on 3 square feet (0.28 m^) per occupant
are located between the school and the fence. Such required
safe dispersal areas shall not be located less than 50 feet (15
240 mm) from school buildings.

Every public and private school shall conform with Section
32020 of the Education Code which states:

The governing board of every public school district, and the
governing authority of every private school, which maintains
any building used for the instruction or housing of school
pupils on land entirely enclosed (except for building walls) by
fences of walls, shall, through cooperation with the local law
enforcement and fire protection agencies having jurisdiction of
the area, make provision for the erection of gates in such fences
or walls. The gates shall be of sufficient size to permit the
entrance of the ambulances, police equipment and fire-fighting
apparatus used by the law enforcement and fire protection
agencies. There shall be no less than one such access gate and
there shall be as many such gates as needed to ensure access to
all major buildings and ground areas. If such gates are to be
equipped with locks, the locking devices shall be designed to
permit ready entrance by the use of the chain or bolt-cutting
devices with which the local law enforcement and fire-protec-
tion agencies may be equipped.

442.4 Special provisions. Rooms in Group E day care, kinder-
garten, first-, or second-grade pupils shall not be located
above or below the first story.

Exceptions:

2. In buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler
system throughout, rooms used for kindergarten,
first- and second-grade children or for day care pur-
poses may be located on the second story, provided
there are at least two exterior exit doors for the exclu-
sive use of such occupants.

3. Group E day-care facilities may be located above the
first story in buildings of Type lA, IB, IIA and IllA
construction, subject to the limitation of Section 503
when:

3.1. Facilities with children under the age of seven
or containing more than 12 children per story
shall not be located above the fourth floor;
and

3.2. The entire story in which the day-care facility
is located is equipped with an approved man-
ual fire alarm and smoke detection system.
Actuation of an initiating device shall sound
an audible alarm throughout the entire story.

When a building fire alarm system is re-
quired by other provisions of this code, the
alarm system shall be interconnected and
sound the day-care fire alarm system; and

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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3.3. The day-care facility, if more than 1,000
square feet (92.9 m?) in area, is divided into at
least two compartments of approximately the
same size by a smoke barrier in accordance
with Section 709. In addition to the require-
ments of Section 508, occupancy separations
between day-care and other occupancies
shall be constructed as smoke barriers. Door
openings in the smoke barrier shall he
tightfitting, with gaskets installed as required
by Section 715.4.3 and shall be automatic
closing by actuation of the fire sprinklers, fire
alarm or smoke detection system; and

3.4. Each compartment formed by the smoke bar-
rier has not less than two exits or exit-access
doors, one of which is permitted to pass
through the adjoining compartment; and

3.5. Where two or more means of exits or exit ac-
cess are required at leased one shall not share
a common path of travel; and

3.6. The building is equipped with an automatic
sprinkler system throughout.

442.5 Special hazards. School classrooms constructed after
January 1, 1990, not equipped with automatic sprinkler sys-
tems, which have metal grilles or bars on all their windows and
do not have at least two exit doors within 3 feet (914 mm) of
each end of the classroom opening to the exterior of the build-
ing or to a common hallway used for evacuation purposes,
shall have an inside release for the grilles or bars on at least
one window farthest from the exit doors. The window or win-
dows with the inside release shall be clearly marked as emer-
gency exits.

442.5.1 Class I, II or III-A flammable liquids shall not be
placed, stored or used in Group E occupancies, except in
approved quantities as necessary in laboratories and class-
rooms and for operation and maintenance as set forth in the
California Fire Code.

SECTION 443
GROUP L [SFM]

443.1 Group L laboratories. For applications listed in Section
111 regulated by the office of the State Fire Marshal, Group L
occupancies shall include buildings and structures or portions
thereof, used as laboratories for scientific experimentation or
research having quantities of materials not in excess of those
listed in Tables 443.1(1) and 443.1(2), except as modified in
this section and not classified as a Group B occupancy. This
occupancy shall be designed and constructed in accordance
with the requirements for a Group B occupancy except as spec-
ified in this section.

443.2 Requirements for Group L.

443.2.1 Multiple hazards. When a hazardous material has
multiple hazards, all hazards shall be addressed and con-
trolled in accordance with the provisions of this code.

443.2.2 Requirement for report. The enforcing agency may
require a technical opinion and report to identify and

develop methods of protection from the hazards presented
by the hazardous materials. A qualified person, firm or cor-
poration, approved by the enforcing agency, shall prepare
the opinion and report, and shall be provided without
charge to the enforcing agency. The opinion and report may
include, but is not limited to, the preparation of a hazardous
material management plan (HMMP); chemical analysis;
recommendations for methods of isolation, separation, con-
tainment or protection of hazardous materials or processes,
including appropriate engineering controls to be applied;
the extent of changes in the hazardous behavior to be antici-
pated under conditions of exposure to fire or from hazard
control procedures; and the limitations or conditions of use
necessary to achieve and maintain control of the hazardous
materials or operations. The report shall be entered into the
files of the code enforcement agencies. Proprietary and
trade secret information shall be protected under the laws of
the state or jurisdiction having authority.

443.2.3 Laboratory suite. A laboratory suite is a space up to
10,000 square feet (929 m^) bounded by not less than a
1 -hour fire-resistance-rated fire barrier within which the
maximum allowable quantity of hazardous materials in
accordance with Tables 443.1(1) and 443.1(2) may be
stored, dispensed, handled or used.

443.2.4 Emergency Power. An emergency power system
shall be provided. The emergency power system shall be
designed and installed in accordance with the California
Electrical Code to automatically supply power to all
required electrical equipment when the normal electrical
supply system is interrupted. The exhaust system may be
designed to operate at not less than one-half the normal fan
speed on the emergency power system when it is demon-
strated that the level of exhaust will maintain a safe atmo-
sphere.

443.2.5 Construction type. Buildings containing Group L
occupancies shall be of Type I or II A construction.

Exception: Buildings of less than three stories shall be a
minimum of Type VA construction.

443.2.6 Floor construction. Liquid-tight floors, which
comply with ASTMD 2843 (01 greater than 25) andASTM
E 84 (Class 1), shall be required. Pipe and similar penetra-
tions shall maintain the fire-resistive and liquid-tight char-
acteristics of the floor a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) at
the bottom of walls from the floor level.

443.2.7 Fire-barrier separation. The interstitial space
above a laboratory shall be separated from a corridor by
1-hour construction. Laboratories and similar areas shall
not require afire-barrier separation from each other when
the use of the area is determined to be compatible. Class-
rooms and offices directly related to the use shall not require
afire-barrier separation.

443.2.8 Fume hood exhaust ducts. Fume hood exhaust
ducts exposed to fire-resistive exit corridors shall be sepa-
rated from the corridor by 1 -hour fire-resistive construc-
tion.

443.2.9 Emergency spill response. An area for spill emer-
gency-response equipment shall be located on each floor

126

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

and shall be a minimum of 50 square feet (4.6 m^) with an
increase in the size at the rate of 5 square feet (0.46 m^) per
1,000 square feet (93 m^) in excess of 10,000 square feet
(929 m').

443.3 Hazardous material restrictions.

443.3.1 Hazardous material restrictions — Floors 1, 2, 3,
and 1^ basement level. Up through the third floor and down
through the first basement level, the maximum quantity of
hazardous materials per laboratory suite shall comply with
Tables 443.1(1) and 443.1(2). Quantities of materials shall
not be permitted to be increased with an approved auto-
matic sprinkler system. '

443.3.2 Hazardous material restrictions — Floors 4, 5, 6,

and 2'"' and 3''' basement levels. For the fourth, fifth and
sixth floors, and the second and third basement levels, the
maximum quantity of hazardous materials per laboratory
suite shall be reduced to 75 percent of those allowed by
Tables 443.1(1) and 443.1(2). Quantities of materials shall
not be permitted to be increased with an approved auto-
matic sprinkler system.

443.3.3 Hazardous material restrictions — Floors 7 and
above, and below 3"^ basement level. For the seventh floor
and above, and below the third basement floor level, the
maximum quantity of hazardous materials per laboratory
suite shall be reduced to 50 percent of those allowed by
Tables 307.1 (1) and 307.1 (2). Quantities of materials shall
not be permitted to be increased with an approved auto-
matic sprinkler system.

443.4 Ventilation.

443.4.1 General. In all Group L occupancies, exhaust
streams when combined shall not create a physical hazard
or react to degrade the containment material. The building
official may require a technical report in accordance with
Section 443.2. Fire and smoke dampers in fume hood
exhaust ducts are prohibited.

Ducts from laboratory hoods and local exhaust systems
shall be constructed entirely of noncombustible material.

Exceptions:

1. Flexible ducts for special local exhausts used
within a laboratory work suite.

2. Combustible ducts with aflame-spread index less
than 75 located within a shaft of noncombustible
construction where passing through areas other
than the laboratory suite they serve and provided
with internal fire sprinklers.

3. Combustible ducts or duct linings having aflame
spread of 25 or less.

Exhaust ducts from each laboratory suite shall be
separately ducted to a point outside the building, to a
mechanical space or to a shaft. Connection to a com-
mon duct may occur at those points. Exhaust ducts
within the same laboratory suite may be combined
within that laboratory suite.

Perchloric acid hoods and exhaust ducts shall be
constructed of materials that are acid resistant.

nonreactive, and impervious to perchloric acid. A
water-spray system shall be provided for washing
down the hood interior behind the baffle and the
entire duct system. Ductwork shall provide a positive
drainage slope back to the hood and shall consist of
sealed sections. The hood baffle shall be removable
for inspection.

443.4.2 Ventilation rates. Ventilation rates shall comply
with the requirements of the California Mechanical Code.

443.5 Special hazards

443.5.1 Special hazards. Storage, handling and use of haz-
ardous materials in Group L occupancies shall comply with
the California Fire Code.

443.6 Means of egress

443.6.1 Access to exits. Every portion of a Group L occu-
pancy having a floor area of 200 square feet (19 m^) or more
shall have access to not less than two separate exits or
exit-access doors.

443.6.2 Travel within rooms. Within a Group L occupancy
all portions of any room shall be within 100 feet (30 480
mm) to an exit.

443.6.3 Door swing. All exit and exit-access doors serving
areas with hazardous materials shall swing in the direction
of exit travel, regardless of the occupant load served.

443.6.4 Panic hardware. Exit and exit access doors from
■ areas with hazardous materials shall not be provided with a

latch or lock unless it is panic hardware orflre exit hard-
ware.

443.6.5 Horizontal exits. Buildings containing Group L
occupancies located four or more floors above thefirstfloor
shall have each floor of the building separated with at least
one horizontal exit constructed as required for a 2-hour fire
barrier. Each side of the horizontal exit shall be provided
with a separate mechanical exhaust system without inter-
connection. No side shall be less than 30 percent of the total
area for the floor At least one elevator shall be provided to
serve the floor on each side of the horizontal exit wall and
shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 30.

443.6.6 Corridor doors. Corridor doors shall be protected
by aflre assembly having afire protection rating of not less
than ^/fhour with smoke gasketing, shall not have more
than 100 square inches (64 516 mm^) of wired glass set in
steel frames and shall be maintained self-closing or shall be
automatic closing.

443. 7 Automatic fire sprinkler systems. See Section 903. 2.1 6.

443.8 Fire alarm system. See Section 907.2.28.

443.9 Existing Group L occupancies, additions, alterations
or repairs. See Section 3414.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

127

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

TABLE 443.1(1)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER LABORATORY SUITE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARD^

CONDITION

STORAGE

USE-CLOSED SYSTEMS

USE-OPEN SYSTEMS

MATERIAL

CLASS

Solid
(pounds
per cubic

feet.)

Liquid

Gallons

(l-bs.)

Gas Cu.
Ft.

Solid Lbs.
(Cu. Ft.)

Liquid

Gallons

(Lbs.)

Gas Cu.
Ft.

Solid Lbs.
(Cu. Ft.)

Liquid

Gallons

(Lbs.)

Gas Cu.
Ft.

1.1 Combustible liquid

120'

120

III-A

330'

330

III-B

13,200'

13,200

3,300

1.2 Combustible dust
lbs/1000 cu. ft.

1.3 Combustible fiber

(loose)

(baled)

(100)
(1,000)

(20)
(200)

1.4 Cryogenic, flammable
or oxidizing

2.1 Explosives

(1?

fVj

('/,)

3.1 Flammable solid

125^

3.2 Flammable gas

(gaseous)

(liquefied)

15'

750'

15'

750'

3.3 Flammable liquid
Combination I- A, I-B, I-C

I-A

30'

I-B

6(?

I-C

9(?

120

4.1 Organic peroxide,
unclassified detonatable

(1?

(%)

4.2 Organic peroxide

III

50"

125^

500

N.L.

(5)'
(50)^
(125)'
(500)
N.L.

(1)
50
125
500
N.L

(1)
(50)
(125)
(500)
N.L

100

N.L.

1
(10)
(25)
(100)
N.L.

4.3 Oxidizer

4
3
2

1(P

25(?

1,00(P

(IP

(10)'

(250)'

(1,000)'

50
1,000

(2)

(250)

(1,000)

%
2

50
200

(%)

(2)

(50)

(200)

4.4 Oxidizer: Gas

(gaseous)

(liquefied)

15'

1,500'

15'

1,500'

5.1 Pyrophoric

(4)'

50'

(1)

10'

6.1 Unstable (reactive)

4
3
2
1

5(?
125'

(1?

(5)'

(50f

(125)'

10'
50'
250'
750'

50
125

(1)
(50)
(125)

2'
10'
250'
750'

%
1

10
25

(%)
(1)
(10)
(25)

7.1 Water (reactive)

3
2
1

52
50'
125'

(5)'

(50)'

(125)'

5
50
125

(5)

(50)

(125)'

(1)
(10)
(25)

1. See Section 443.3 Hazardous

2. Quantities may be increased

Material Restrictions.

100 percent when stored in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or fume hoods.

128

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

TABLE 443.1(2)
MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER LABORATORY SUITE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A HEALTH HAZARD^

i\/IATERiAL

STORAGE

USE-CLOSED SYSTEIVIS

USE-OPEN SYSTEMS

Solid
Lbs.

Liquid

Gaiions

(Lbs.)

Gas
Cu, Ft.

Soiid
Lbs.

Liquid
Gaiions
(Lbs.)

Gas
Cu. Ft.

Soiid
Lbs.

Liquid

Gaiions

(Lbs.)

1. Corrosives

5,000

500

650"

5,000

500

650

1,000

100

2a. Highly toxics^

'/4

2b. Toxics

500

650'

500

650

3. Irritants

5,000

500

650

5,000

500

650

1,000

100

4. Sensitizers

5.000

500

650

5,000

500

650

1,000

100

5. Other health hazards

5,000

500

650

5,000

500

650

1,000

100

1. See Section 443.3 Hazardous Material Restrictions.

2. Permitted only when stored or used in approved exhausted gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or fume hoods. Quantites of high toxics in use in open systems need
not be reduced above the third floor or below the first basementfloor level. Individual container size shall be limited to 2 pounds (0. 91 kg) for solids and 1/4 gallon
(0.95 L) for liquids.

SECTION 444
Reserved

SECTION 445
LARGE-FAMILY DAY CARE HOMES [SFM]

445.1 Large-family day care homes.

445.2 For purposes of clarification, Health and Safety Code
Section 1597.46 is repeated.

(a) A city, county, or city and county shall not prohibit
largefamily day care homes on lots zoned for single-family
dwellings, but shall do one of the following:

(1) Classify these homes as a permitted use of residential
property for zoning purposes.

(2) Grant a nondiscretionary permit to use a lot zoned for
a single-family dwelling to any large-family day care
home that complies with local ordinances prescribing
reasonable standards, restrictions and requirements
concerning spacing and concentration, traffic control,
parking and noise control relating to such homes, and
complies with subdivision (d) and any regulations
adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to that subdi-
vision. Any noise standards shall be consistent with local
noise ordinances implementing the noise element of the
general plan and shall take into consideration the noise
level generated by children. The permit issued pursuant
to this paragraph shall be granted by the zoning adminis-
trator, if any, or if there is no zoning administrator by the
person or persons designated by the planning agency to
grant such permits, upon the certification without a
hearing.

(3) Require any large-family day care home to apply for
a permit to use a lot zoned for single-family dwellings.
The zoning adrninistrator, if any, or if there is no zoning
administrator, the person or persons designated by the
planning agency to handle the use permits shall review
and decide the applications. The use permit shall be
granted if the largefamily day care home complies with
local ordinances, if any, prescribing reasonable stan-

dards, restrictions and requirements concerning spacing
and concentration, traffic control, parking and noise
control relating to such homes, and complies with subdi-
vision (d) and any regulations adopted by the State Fire
Marshal pursuant to that subdivision.

Any noise standards shall be consistent with local
noise ordinances implementing the noise element of the
general plan and shall take into consideration the noise
levels generated by children.

The local government shall process any required per-
mit as economically as possible, and fees charged for
review shall not exceed the costs of the review and permit
process. Not less than 10 days prior to the date on which
the decision will be made on the application, the zoning
administrator or person designated to handle such use
permits shall give notice of the proposed use by mail or
delivery to all owners shown on the last equalized assess-
ment roll as owning real property within a 100 (30 480
mm) foot radius of the exterior boundaries of the pro-
posed large-family day-care home. No hearing on the
application for a permit issued pursuant to this para-
graph shall be held before a decision is made unless a
hearing is requested by the applicant or other affected
person. The applicant or other affected person may
appeal the decision. The appellant shall pay the cost, if
any, of the appeal.

(b) A largefamily day care home shall not be subject to the
provisions of Division 13 (commencing with Section 21000)
of the Public Resources Code.

(c) Use of a single-family dwelling for the purposes of a
largefamily day care home shall not constitute a change of
occupancy for purposes of Part 1.5 (commencing with Sec-
tion 17910) of Division 13 (State Housing Law), or for pur-
poses of local building and fire codes.

(d) Largefamily day care homes shall be considered as sin-
gle-family residences for the purposes of the State Uniform
Building Standards Code and local building and fire codes,
except with respect to any additional standards specifically
designed to promote the fire and life safety of the children in

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

129

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

these homes adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to
this subdivision.

445.3 Smoke alarms. Large-family day care homes shall be
equipped with State Fire Marshal approved and listed single-
station residential-type smoke alarms. The number and place-
ment of smoke alarms shall be determined by the enforcement
authority.

445.4 Fire extinguishers. Large- and small-family day care
homes shall be equipped with a portable fire extinguisher hav-
ing a minimum 2A10BC rating.

445.5 Fire alarm devices. Every large-family day care home
shall be provided with at least one manual device at a location
approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Such device
shall actuate a fire alarm signal, which shall be audible
throughout the facility at a minimum level of 15 dh above ambi-
ent noise level. These devices need not be interconnected to any
other fire alarm device, have a control panel or be electrically
supervised or provided with emergency power. Such device or
devices shall be attached to the structure and may be of any
type acceptable to the enforcing agent, provided that such
devices are distinctive in tone and are audible throughout the
structure.

445.6 Compliance. Every large-family day care home shall
comply with the provisions for Group R-3 occupancies.

Enforcement of these provisions shall be in accordance with
the Health and Safety Code Sections 13145 and 13146. No city,
county, city and county, or district shall adopt or enforce any
building ordinance or local rule or regulation relating to the
subject of fire and life safety in large-family day-care homes
which is inconsistent with those standards adopted by the State
Fire Marshal, except to the extent the building ordinance or
local rule or regulation applies to single-family residences in
which day care is not provided.

445.7 Special hazards. Every unenclosed gas-fired water
heater or furnace which is within the area used for child care in
a large-family day care home shall be protected in such a way
as to prevent children from making contact with those appli-
ances.

Exception: This does not apply to kitchen stoves or ovens.

130

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 5 - GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

Adopting Agency

BBC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

GSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ciiapter

♦

Adopt Entire Ciiapter as
amended (amended sections
iisted beiow)

♦

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter/
Section

Codes

502.1
Gradeplane

IBC

Table 503

503.1

IBC

504.2

506,3

506.4

506.4.1

507.3

507.9

Table 508.2

508.3.1.3

508.3.2.3

Table 508.3.3

509.2

509.9

The ♦ designation indicates that the Office of the State Fire Marshal's adoption of this chapter or individual sections is
applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 or DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

131

1 32 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 5

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

SECTION 501
GENERAL

501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter control the height
and area of structures hereafter erected and additions to exist-
ing structures.

[F] 501.2 Address numbers. Buildings shall have approved
address numbers, building numbers or approved building iden-
tification placed in a position that is plainly legible and visible
from the street or road fronting the property. These numbers
shall contrast with their background. Address numbers shall be
Arabic numerals or alphabetical letters. Numbers shall be a
nainimum of 4 inches (102 mm) high with a minimum stroke
width of 0.5 inch (12.7 mm).

SECTION 502
DEFINITIONS

502.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

AREA, BUILDING. The area included within surrounding
exterior walls (or exterior walls and fire walls) exclusive of vent
shafts and courts. Areas of the building not provided with sur-
rounding walls shall be included in the building area if such
areas are included within the horizontal projection of the roof
or floor above.

BASEMENT. That portion of a building that is partly or com-
pletely below grade plane (see "Story above grade plane" in
Section 202). A basement shall be considered as a story above
grade plane where the finished surface of the floor above the
basement is:

1. More than 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade plane; or

2. More than 12 feet (3658 mm) above the finished ground
level at any point.

EQUIPMENT PLATFORM. An unoccupied, elevated plat-
form used exclusively for mechanical systems or industrial
process equipment, including the associated elevated walk-
ways, stairs and ladders necessary to access the platform (see
Section 505.5).

GRADE PLANE. A reference plane representing the average
of finished ground level adjoining the building at exterior
walls. Where the finished ground level slopes away from the
exterior walls, the reference plane shall be established by the
lowest points within the area between the building and the lot
line or, where the lot line is more than 6 feet (1829 mm) from
the building, between the building and a point 6 feet (1 829 mm)
from the building.

[HCD 1 & HCD 2] "Grade or grade plane" is the lowest
point of elevation of the finished surface of the ground, pav-
ing or sidewalk within the area between the building and the
property line or, when the property line is more than 5 feet

(1524 mm) from the building, between the building and a
line 5 feet (1524 mm) from the building. For additional
information, see Health and Safety Code, Section 19955.3
(d).

HEIGHT, BUILDING. The vertical distance firom grade
plane to the average height of the highest roof surface.

HEIGHT, STORY. The vertical distance from top to top of
two successive finished floor surfaces; and, for the topmost
story, from the top of the floor finish to the top of the ceiling
joists or, where there is not a ceiling, to the top of the roof
rafters.

MEZZANINE. An intermediate level or levels between the
floor and ceiling of any story and in accordance with Section
505.

SECTION 503
GENERAL HEIGHT AND AREA LIMITATIONS

503.1 General. The height and area for buildings of different
construction types shall be governed by the intended use of the
building and shall not exceed the limits in Table 503 except as
modified hereafter. Each part of a building included within the
exterior walls or the exterior walls and fire walls where pro-
vided shall be permitted to be a separate building.

Exception: [HCD 1] Limited-density owner-built rural
dwellings may be of any type of construction which will pro-
vide for a sound structural condition. Structural hazards
which result in an unsound condition and which may consti-
tute a substandard building are delineated by Section
17920.3 of the Health and Safety Code.

503.1.1 Special industrial occupancies. Buildings and
structures designed to house special industrial processes
that require large areas and unusual heights to accommodate
craneways or special machinery and equipment, including,
among others, rolling mills; structural metal fabrication
shops and foundries; or the production and distribution of
electric, gas or steam power, shall be exempt from the height
and area limitations of Table 503.

503.1.2 Buildings on same lot. Two or more buildings on
the same lot shall be regulated as separate buildings or shall
be considered as portions of one building if the height of
each building and the aggregate area of buildings are within
the limitations of Table 503 as modified by Sections 504 and
506. The provisions of this code applicable to the aggregate
building shall be appUcable to each building.

503.1.3 Type I construction. Buildings of Type I construc-
tion permitted to be of unlimited tabular heights and areas
are not subject to the special requirements that allow unlim-
ited area buildings in Section 507 or unlimited height in
Sections 503.1.1 and 504.3 or increased height and areas for
other types of construction.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

133

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

TABLE 503

ALLOWABLE HEIGHT AND BUILDING AREAS"

Height limitations shown as stories and feet above grade plane.

Area limitations as determined by the definition of "Area, building," per story

GROUP

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

TYPEI

TYPE II

TYPE III

TYPE IV

TYPEV

HGT(feet)
HGT(S)

160

A-1

S
A

UL
UL

5
UL

3
15,500

2
8,500

3
14,000

2
8,500

3
15,000

2
11,500

1
5,500

A-2

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

3
15,500

2
9,500

3
14,000

2
9,500

3
15,000

2
11,500

1
6,000

A-3

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

3
15,500

2
9,500

3
14,000

2
9,500

3
15,000

2
11,500

1
6,000

A-4

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

315,500

29,500

314,000

29,500

315,000

2
11,500

1
6,000

A-5

UL
UL

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

5
37,500

4
23,000

5
28,500

4
19,000

5
36,000

3
18,000

29,000

S
A

UL
UL

5
UL

3
26,500

2
14,500

3
23,500

2
14,500

3
25,500

1
18,500

1
9,500

F-1

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

4
25,000

2
15,500

3
19,000

2
12,000

4
33,500

2
14,000

1
8,500

F-2

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

5
37,500

3
23,000

4
28,500

3
18,000

5
50,500

3
21,000

2
13,000

H-1

S
A

1
21,000

1
16,500

1
11,000

1
7,000

1
9,500

1
7,000

1
10,500

1
7,500

NP
NP

H-2''

S
A

UL
21,000

3
16,500

2
11,000

1
7,000

2
9,500

1
7,000

2
10,500

1
7,500

1
3,000

H-3''

S
A

UL
UL

60,000

426,500

214,000

417,500

213,000

425,500

2
10,000

1
5,000

H-4

S
A

UL
UL

7
UL

5
37,500

3
17,500

5
28,500

3
17,500

5
36,000

3
18,000

2
6,500

H-5

S
A

4
UL

3
37,500

3
23,000

3
28,500

3
19,000

3
36,000

3
18,000

2
9,000

I-l

S
A

UL
UL

55,000

4
19,000

3
10,000

4
16,500

3
10,000

4
18,000

3
10,500

2
4,500

l-VI-2.1

S
A

UL
UL

4
UL

2
15,000

1
11,000

1
12,000

NP
NP

1
12,000

1
9,500

NP
NP

1-3"

UL
UL

2
15,100

NP
NP

1-4

S
A

XJL
UL

5
60,500

3
26,500

2
13,000

3
23,500 _j

2
13,000

3
25,500

1
18,500

1
9,000

10
UL

3
39.900

3
18,000

2
12,000

3
18,000

2
12,000

3
18,000

3
14,000

1
8,000

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

4
21,500

4
12,500

4
18,500

4
12,500

4
20,500

3
14,000

1
9,000

R-1

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

4
24,000

4
16,000

4
24,000

4
16,000

4
20,500

3
12,000

2
7,000

R-2

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

4
24,000

4
16,000

4
24,000

4
16,000

4
20,500

3
12,000

2
7,000

R-3/R-3.1

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

4
UL

3
UL

R-4

S
A

UL
UL

11
UL

4
24,000

4
16,000

4
24,000

4
16,000

4
20,500

3
12,000

2
7,000

S-1

S
A

UL
UL

11
48,000

4
26,000

3
17,500

3
26,000

3
17,500

4
25,500

3
14,000

1
9,000

S-2''''=

S
A

UL
UL

11
79,000

5
39,000

4
26,000

4
39,000

4
26,000

5
38,500

4
21,000

2
13,500

(continued)

134

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

TABLE 503— continued

ALLOWABLE HEIGHT AND BUILDING AREAS"

Height limitations sliown as stories and feet above grade plane.

Area limitations as determined by the definition of "Area, building," per story

GROUP

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

TYPEI

TYPE II

TYPE III

TYPE IV

TYPEV

HGT(feet)
HGT(S)

160

U°

S
A

UL
UL

5
35,500

4
19,000

2
8,500

3
14,000

2
8,500

4
18,000

2
9,000

1
5,500

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929m?.
UL = Unlimited, NP = Not permitted.

a. See the following sections for general exceptions to Table 503:

1. Section 504.2, Allowable height increase due to automatic sprinkler system installation.

2. Section 506.2, Allowable area increase due to street frontage.

3. Section 506.3, Allowable area increase due to automatic sprinkler system installation.

4. Section 507, Unlimited area buildings.

b. For open parking structures, see Section 406.3.

c. For private garages, see Section 406.1.

d. See Section 415.5 for hraitations.

e. [SFM] See Section 408.1.1 for specific exceptions for one-story Type HA, IIIA or VA construction.

SECTION 504
HEIGHT

504.1 General. The height permitted by Table 503 shall be
increased in accordance with this section.

Exception: The height of one-story aircraft hangars, air-
craft paint hangars and buildings used for the manufacturing
of aircraft shall not be limited if the building is provided
with an automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance
with Chapter 9 and is entirely surrounded by public ways or
yards not less in width than one and one-half times the
height of the building.

504.2 Automatic sprinkler system increase. Where a build-
ing is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprin-
kler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the value
specified in Table 503 for maximum height is increased by 20
feet (6096 mm) and the maximum number of stories is
increased by one. Increases arepermitted in addition to the area
increase in accordance with Section 506.2. In other than
high-rise buildings, Group A, E, H, I, L and R occupancies and
other applications listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office
of the State Fire Marshal, these increases are permitted in
addition to the area increase in accordance with Section 506.3.
For Group R -2 buildings of Type VA construction equipped
throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 903.3. i . i, the value specified in Table
503 for maximum height is increased by 20 feet (6096 mm) and
the maximum number of stories is increased by one, but shall
not exceed 60 feet (18 288 mm) or four stories, respectively,
these increases arepermitted in addition to the area increase in
accordance with Section 506.3.

Exceptions:

1. Fire areas with an occupancy in Group 1-2 of Type
IIB, m, IV or V construction.

2. Fire areas with an occupancy in Group H-1, H-2, H-3
or H-5.

3. Fire-resistance rating substitution in accordance with
Table 601, Note e.

4. [SFM] Fire areas with an occupancy in Group L.

5. [SFM] Fire areas with an occupancy in licensed
Group I-l and R-4.

504.3 Roof structures. Towers, spires, steeples and other roof
structures shall be constructed of materials consistent with the
required type of construction of the building except where
other construction is permitted by Section 1509.2.1. Such
structures shall not be used for habitation or storage. The struc-
tures shall be unlimited in height if of noncombustible materi-
als and shall not extend more than 20 feet (6096 mm) above the
allowable height if of combustible materials (see Chapter 15
for additional requirements).

SECTION 505
MEZZANINES

505.1 General. A mezzanine or mezzanines in compliance
with Section 505 shall be considered a portion of the story
below. Such mezzanines shall not contribute to either the build-
ing area or number of stories as regulated by Section 503 . 1 . The
area of the mezzanine shall be included in determining the fire
area defined in Section 702. The clear height above and below
the mezzanine floor construction shall not be less than 7 feet
(2134 mm).

505.2 Area limitation. The aggregate area of a mezzanine or
mezzanines within a room shall not exceed one-third of the
floor area of that room or space in which they are located. The
enclosed portion of a room shall not be included in a determina-
tion of the floor area of the room in which the mezzanine is
located. In determining the allowable mezzanine area, the area

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

135

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

of the mezzanine shall not be included in the floor area of the
room.

Exceptions:

1. The aggregate area of mezzanines in buildings and
structures of Type I or n construction for special in-
dustrial occupancies in accordance with Section
503 . 1 . 1 shall not exceed two-thirds of the floor area of
the room.

2. The aggregate area of mezzanines in buildings and
structures of Type I or 11 construction shall not exceed
one-half of the floor area of the room in buildings and
structures equipped throughout with an approved au-
tomatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 and an approved emergency voice/alarm
communication system in accordance with Section
907.2.12.2.

505.3 Egress. Each occupant of a mezzanine shall have access
to at least two independent means of egress where the common
path of egress travel exceeds the limitations of Section 1014.3.
Where a stairway provides a means of exit access from a mez-
zanine, the maximum travel distance includes the distance trav-
eled on the stairway measured in the plane of the tread nosing.
Accessible means of egress shall be provided in accordance
with Section 1007.

Exception: A single means of egress shall be permitted in
accordance with Section 1015.1.

505.4 Openness. A mezzanine shall be open and unobstructed
to the room in which such mezzanine is located except for walls
not more than 42 inches (1067 mm) high, columns and posts.

Exceptions:

1 . Mezzanines or portions thereof are not required to be
open to the room in which the mezzanines are located,
provided that the occupant load of the aggregate area
of the enclosed space does not exceed 10.

2. A mezzanine having two or more means of egress is
not required to be open to the room in which the mez-
zanine is located if at least one of the means of egress
provides direct access to an exit from the mezzanine
level.

3. Mezzanines or portions thereof are not required to be
open to the room in which the mezzanines are located,
provided that the aggregate floor area of the enclosed
space does not exceed 10 percent of the mezzanine
area.

4. In industrial facilities, mezzanines used for control
equipment are permitted to be glazed on all sides.

5. In other flian Groups H and I occupancies no more
than two stories in height above grade plane and
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler sys-
tem in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, a mezza-
nine having two or more means of egress shall not be
required to be open to the room in which the mezza-
nine is located.

505.5 Equipment platforms. Equipment platforms in build-
ings shall not be considered as a portion of the floor below.
Such equipment platforms shall not contribute to either the

building area or the number of stories as regulated by Section
503 . 1 . The area of the equipment platform shall not be included
in determining the fire area. Equipment platforms shall not be a
part of any mezzanine and such platforms and the walkways,
stairs and ladders providing access to an equipment platform
shall not serve as a part of the means of egress from the
building.

505.5.1 Area limitations. The aggregate area of all equip-
ment platforms within a room shall not exceed two-thirds of
the area of the room in which they are located. Where an
equipment platform is located in the same room as a mezza-
nine, the area of the mezzanine shall be determined by Sec-
tion 505.2 and the combined aggregate area of the
equipment platforms and mezzanines shall not exceed
two-thirds of the room in which they are located.

[F] 505.5.2 Fire suppression. Where located in a building
that is required to be protected by an automatic sprinkler
system, equipment platforms shall be fully protected by
sprinklers above and below the platform, where required by
the standards referenced in Section 903.3.

505.5.3 Guards. Equipment platforms shall have guards
where required by Section 1013.1.

SECTION 506
AREA MODIFICATIONS

506.1 General. The areas limited by Table 503 shall be permit-
ted to be increased due to frontage (If) and automatic sprinkler
system protection f/J in accordance with the following:

^.={A+[Ax//] + [4x/.]}

(Equation 5-1)

where:

A„ = Allowable area per story (square feet).

A, = Tabular area per story in accordance with Table 503
(square feet).

If = Area increase factor due to frontage as calculated in ac-
cordance with Section 506.2.

/, = Area increase factor due to sprinkler protection as cal-
culated in accordance with Section 506.3.

506.1.1 Basements. A single basement that is not a story
above grade plane need not be included in the total allow-
able area, provided such basement does not exceed the area
permitted for a building with no more than one story above
grade plane.

506.2 Frontage increase. Every building shall adjoin or have
access to a public way to receive an area increase for frontage.
Where a building has more than 25 percent of its perimeter on a
public way or open space having a minimum width of 20 feet
(6096 mm), the frontage increase shall be determined in accor-
dance with the following:

If =[F/P-0.25]W/30

where:

If = Area increase due to frontage.

(Equation 5-2)

136

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

F = Building perimeter that fronts on a public way or open
space having 20 feet (6096 mm) open minimum width
(feet).

P = Perimeter of entire building (feet).

W = Width of public way or open space (feet) in accordance
with Section 506.2.1.

506.2.1 Width limits. "W" must be at least 20 feet (6096
mm). Where the value of ^varies along the perimeter of the
building, the calculation performed in accordance with
Equation 5-2 shall be based on the weighted average of each
portion of exterior wall and open space where the value of W
is greater than or equal to 20 feet (6096 mm). Where W
exceeds 30 feet (9144 mm), a value of 30 feet (9144 mm)
shall be used in calculating the weighted average, regardless
of the actual width of the open space.

Exception: The quantity of Wdividedby 30 shall be per-
mitted to be a maximum of 2 when the building meets all
requirements of Section 507 except for compUance with
the 60-foot (18 288 mm) public way or yard requirement,
as applicable.

506.2.2 Open space limits. Such open space shall be either
on the same lot or dedicated for pubHc use and shall be
accessed from a street or approved fire lane.

506.3 Automatic sprinkler system increase. Where a build-
ing is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprin-
kler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the area
limitation in Table 503 is permitted to be increased by an addi-
tional 200 percent (/j = 2) for buildings with more than one
story above grade plane and an additional 300 percent ( /j = 3)
for buildings with no more than one story above grade plane. In
other than high-rise buildings, Group A, E, H, I, L and R occu-
pancies or other applications listed in Section 111 regulated by
the Office of the State Fire Marshal, these increases are permit-
ted in addition to the height and story increases in accordance
with Section 504.2. For Group R-2 buildings of Type VA con-
struction equipped throughout with an approved automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, these
increases are permitted in addition to the height increase in
accordance with Section 504.2.

Exception: The area limitation increases shall not be per-
mitted for the following conditions;

1 . The automatic sprinkler system increase shall not ap-
ply to buildings with an occupancy in Use Group H-1 .

2. The automatic sprinkler system increase shall not ap-
ply to the floor area of an occupancy in Use Group
H-2 or H-3. For mixed-use buildings containing such
occupancies, the allowable area shall be calculated in
accordance with Section 508.3.3.2, with the sprinkler
increase apphcable only to the portions of the build-
ing not classified as Use Group H-2 or H-3.

3. Fire-resistance rating substitution in accordance with
Table 601, Note e.

4. [SFM] The automatic sprinkler system increase shall
not apply to Group L occupancies.

506.4 Area determination. In other than high-rise buildings,
Group A, E, H, I, L and R occupancies and other applications

listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office of the State Fire
Marshal, the maximum area of a building with more than one
story above grade plane shall be determined by multiplying the
allowable area of the first story (A„), as determined in Section
506.1, by the number of stories above grade plane as listed
below:

1. For buildings with two stories above grade plane, multi-
ply by 2;

2. For buildings with three or more stories above grade
plane, multiply by 3; and

3. No story shall exceed the allowable area per story (A„), as
determined in Section 506. 1, for the occupancies on that
story.

Exception:

1. Unlimited area buildings in accordance with
Section 507.

For high-rise buildings. Group A, E, H, I, LandR occupan-
cies and other applications listed in Section 111 regulated by
the Office of the State Fire Marshal, the maximum area of a
building with more than one story above grade plane shall be
determined by multiplying the allowable area of the first story
(A"), as determined in Section 506.1, by the number of stories
above grade plane as listed below:

1. For buildings with two or more stories above grade
plane, multiply by 2;

2. No story shall exceed the allowable area per story (A"),
as determined in Section 506.1, for the occupancies on
that story. ■

Exception: Unlimited area buildings in accordance
with Section 507.

506.4.1 Mixed occupancies. In buildings with mixed occu-
pancies, the allowable area per story (A J shall be based on
the most restrictive provisions for each occupancy when the
mixed occupancies are treated according to Section 508.3.2.
When the occupancies are treated according to Section
508.3.3 as separated occupancies, the maximum total build-
ing area shall be such that the sum of the ratios for each such
area on all floors as calculated according to Section
508.3.3.2 shall comply with the following. ■

1. For other than high-rise buildings. Group A, E, H, I,
L, andR occupancies and other applications listed in
Section III regulated by the Office of the State Fire
Marshal, the sum shall not exceed 2 for two-story
buildings and 3 for buildings three stories or higher.

2. For high-rise buildings, Group A, E, H, I, L, andR oc-
cupancies and other applications listed in Section
111 regulated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal,
the sum shall not exceed 2 for buildings two stories or
higher

SECTION 507
UNLIMITED AREA BUILDINGS

507.1 General. The area of buildings of the occupancies and
configurations specified herein shall not be limited.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

137

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

507.2 Nonsprinklered, one story. The area of a one-story,
Group F-2 or S-2 building shall not be Umited when the build-
ing is surrounded and adjoined by public ways or yards not less
than 60 feet (18 288 mm) in width.

507.3 Sprinklered, one story. The area of a one-story, Group
B, F, M or S building, of other than Type V construction, shall
not be limited when the building is provided with an automatic
sprinkler system throughout in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 and is surrounded and adjoined by public'ways or
yards not less than 60 feet (18 288 mm) in width.

Exceptions:

1. Buildings and structures of Type I and II construction
for rack storage facilities that do not have access by
the public shall not be limited in height, provided that
such buildings conform to the requirements of Sec-
tions 507.2 and 903.3.1.1 and NFPA 230.

2. Group A- 1 and A-2 occupancies of other than Type V
construction shall be permitted, provided:

2.1. AU assembly occupancies are separated from
other spaces as required for separated uses in
Section 508.3.3.4 with no reduction allowed
in the fire-resistance rating of the separation
based upon the installation of an automatic
sprinkler system;

2.2. Each Group A occupancy shall not exceed the
maximum allowable area permitted in Section
503.1; and

2.3. All required exits shall discharge directly to
the exterior.

507.4 Two story. The area of a two-story. Group B, F, M or S
building shall not be hmited when the building is equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance
with Section 903 .3 . 1 . 1 , and is surrounded and adjoined by pub-
lic ways or yards not less than 60 feet (18 288 mm) in width.

507.5 Reduced open space. The permanent open space of 60
feet (18 288 mm) required in Sections 507.2, 507.3, 507.4,

507.6 and 507.10 shall be permitted to be reduced to not less
than 40 feet (12 192 mm), provided the following requirements
are met:

1. The reduced open space shall not be allowed for more
than 75 percent of the perimeter of the building.

2. The exterior wall facing the reduced open space shall
have a minimum fire-resistance rating of 3 hours.

3. Openings in the exterior wall facing the reduced open
space shall have opening protectives with a minimum
fire protection rating of 3 hours.

507.6 Group A-3 buildings. The area of a one-story, Group
A-3 building used as a place of religious worship, community
hall, dance hall, exhibition hall, gymnasium, lecture hall,
indoor swimming pool or teimis court of Type n construction
shall not be limited when all of the following criteria are met:

1 . The building shall not have a stage other than a platform.

2. The building shall be equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.

3 . The assembly floor shall be located at or within 2 1 inches
(533 mm) of street or grade level and all exits are pro-
vided with ramps complying with Section 1010.1 to the
street or grade level.

4. The building shall be surrounded and adjoined by public
ways or yards not less than 60 feet (18288 mm) in width.

507.7 Group H occupancies. Group H-2, H-3 and H-4 occu-
pancies shall be permitted in unlimited area buildings contain-
ing Group F and S occupancies, in accordance with Sections

507.3 and 507.4 and the limitations of this section. The aggre-
gate floor area of the Group H occupancies located at the per-
imeter of the unhmited area building shall not exceed 10
percent of the area of the buUding nor the area Hmitations for
the Group H occupancies as specified in Table 503 as modified
by Section 506.2, based upon the percentage of the perimeter
of each Group H fu:e area that fronts on a street or other unoccu-
pied space. The aggregate floor area of Group H occupancies
not located at the perimeter of the building shall not exceed 25
percent of the area limitations for the Group H occupancies as
specified in Table 503. Group H fire areas shall be separated
from the rest of the unlimited area building and from each other
in accordance with Table 508.3.3. For two-story unlimited area
buildings, the Group H fire areas shall not be located above the
first story unless permitted by the allowable height in stories
and feet as set forth in Table 503 based on the type of
construction of the unlimited area building.

507.8 Aircraft paint hangar. The area of a one-story. Group
H-2 aircraft paint hangar shall not be limited where such air-
craft paint hangar complies with the provisions of Section

412.4 and is entirely surrounded by public ways or yards not
less in width than one and one-half times the height of the
building.

507.9 Group E buildings. The area of a one-story Group E
building of Type UA, HIA or IV construction shall not be lim-
ited when the following criteria are met:

1. Each classroom shall have not less than two means of
egress, with one of the means of egress being a direct exit
to the outside of the building complying with Section
1018.

2. The building is equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

3. The building is surrounded and adjoined by public ways
or yards not less than 60 feet (18 288 mm) in widtii.

507.10 Motion picture theaters. In buildings of Type II con-
struction, the area of a one-story motion picture theater shall
not be limited when the building is provided with an automatic
sprinkler system throughout in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 and is surrounded and adjoined by public ways or
yards not less than 60 feet (18 288 mm) in width.

507.11 Covered mall buUdings and anchor stores. The area
of covered maU buildings and anchor stores not exceeding
three stories in height that comply with Section 402.6 shall not
be limited.

138

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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SECTION 508
MIXED USE AND OCCUPANCY

508.1 General. Where a building or portion thereof contains
two or more occupancies or uses, the building or portion
thereof shall comply with the applicable provisions of this
section.

508.2 Incidental uses. Incidental use areas shall comply with
the provisions of this section.

Exception: Incidental use areas within and serving a dwell-
ing unit are not required to comply with this section.

508.2.1 Occupancy classification. An incidental use area
shall be classified in accordance with the occupancy of that
portion of the building in which it is located or the building
shall be classified as a mixed occupancy and shall comply
with Section 508.3.

508.2.2 Separation. Incidental use areas shall be separated
or protected, or both, in accordance with Table 508.2.

508.2.2.1 Construction. Where Table 508.2 requires a
fire-resistance-rated separation, the incidental use area
shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a
fire barrier constructed in accordance with Section 706
or a horizontal assembly constructed in accordance with
Section 7 1 1 , or both. Where Table 508.2 permits an auto-
matic fire-extinguishing system without afire barrier, the
incidental use area shall be separated from the remainder
of the building by construction capable of resisting the
passage of smoke. The partitions shall extend from the
floor to the underside of the fire-resistance-rated
floor/ceiling assembly or fire-resistance-rated roof/ceil-
ing assembly above or to the underside of the floor or
roof sheathing, or sub deck above. Doors shall be self- or
automatic closing upon detection of smoke in accor-
dance with Section 715.4.7.3. Doors shall not have air
transfer openings and shall not be undercut in excess of
the clearance permitted in accordance with NFPA 80.

508.2.3 Protection. Where an automatic fire-extinguishing
system or an automatic sprinkler system is provided in
accordance with Table 508.2, only the incidental use areas
need be equipped with such a system.

508.3 Mixed occupancies. Each portion of a building shall be
individually classified in accordance with Section 302.1.

Where a building contains more than one occupancy group,
the building or portion thereof shall comply with Sections
508.3.1, 508.3.2, 508.3.3 or a combination of these sections.

Exceptions:

1. Occupancies separated in accordance with Section
■ 509.

2. Where required by Table 415.3.2, areas of Group H- 1 ,
H-2 or H-3 occupancies shall be located in a separate
and detached building or structure.

508.3.1 Accessory occupancies. Accessory occupancies
are those occupancies subsidiary to the main occupancy of
the building or portion thereof. Aggregate accessory occu-

pancies shall not occupy more than 10 percent of the area of
the story in which they are located and shall not exceed the
tabular values in Table 503, without height and area
increases in accordance with Sections 504 and 506 for such
accessory occupancies.

Exceptions:

1 . Accessory assembly areas having a floor area less
than 750 square feet (69.7 m^) are not considered
separate occupancies.

2. Assembly areas that are accessory to Group E oc-
cupancies are not considered separate occupancies
except when applying the assembly occupancy re-
quirements of Chapter IIB.

3. Accessory religious educational rooms and reli-
gious auditoriums with occupant loads of less than
100 are not considered separate occupancies.

508.3.1.1 Occupancy classification. Accessory occu-
pancies shall be individually classified in accordance
with Section 302.1. Code requirements shall apply to
each portion of the building based on the occupancy clas-
sification of that accessory space, except that the most
restrictive applicable provisions of Section 403 and
Chapter 9 shall apply to the entire building or portion
thereof.

508.3.1.2 Allowable area and height. The allowable
area and height of the building shall be based on the
allowable area and height for the main occupancy in
accordance with Section 503.1. The height of any acces-
sory occupancy shall not exceed the tabular values in
Table 503, without height and area increases in accor-
dance with Sections 504 and 506 for such accessory
occupancies.

508.3.1.3 Separation. No separation is required
between accessory occupancies or the main occupancy.

Exception: Group H-2, H-3, H-4, H-5, 1-2, 1-2.1 or
1-3 occupancies shall be separated from all other
occupancies in accordance with Section 508.3.3.

508.3.2 Nonseparated occupancies. Buildings or portions
of buildings that comply with the provisions of this section
shall qualify as nonseparated occupancies.

508.3.2.1 Occupancy classification. Nonseparated
occupancies shall be individually classified in accor-
dance with Section 302. 1 . Code requirements shall apply
to each portion of the building based on the occupancy
classification of that space except that the most restric-
tive applicable provisions of Section 403 and Chapter 9
shall apply to the entire building or portion thereof.

508.3.2.2 Allowable area and height. The allowable
area and height of the building or portion thereof shall be
based on the most restrictive allowances for the occu-
pancy groups under consideration for the type of con-
struction of the building in accordance with Section
503.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

139

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

TABLE 508.2
INCIDENTAL USE AREAS

ROOM OR AREA

SEPARATION AND/OR
PROTECTION

Furnace room where any piece of
equipment is over 400,000 Btu per
hour input

1 hour or provide automatic
fire-extinguishing system^

Rooms with boilers where the
largest piece of equipment is over
15 psi and 10 horsepower

1 hour or provide automatic
fire-extinguishing system''

Refrigerant machinery rooms

1 hour or provide automatic
sprinkler system"

Parking garage (Section 406.2)

2 hours; or 1 hour and
provide automatic
fire-extinguishing system

Hydrogen cut-off rooms, not
classified as Group H

1-hour in Group B, F, M, S
and U occupancies. 2-hour in
Group A, E, I and R
occupancies.

Incinerator rooms

2 hours and automatic
sprinkler system

Paint shops, not classified as Group
H, located in occupancies other than
Group F

2 hours; or 1 hour and
provide automatic
fire-extinguishing system

Laboratories and vocational shops,
not classified as Group H, located in
Group 1-2 and 1-2.1 occupancies

1 hour or provide
automatic
fire-extinguishing system"

[SFM] Rooms or areas with special
hazards such as laboratories,
vocational shops and other such
areas not classified as Group H,
located in Group E occupancies
where hazardous materials in
exempt amounts are used or stored

I hour

Laundry rooms over 100 square feet

1 hour or provide automatic
fire-extinguishing system"

Storage rooms over 100 square feet

1 hour or provide automatic
fire-extinguishing system"

Group 1-2 and 1-2.1 waste and
linen collection rooms

1 hour"

Waste and linen collection rooms
over 100 square feet

1 hour or provide automatic
fire-extinguishing system"

Stationary storage battery systems
having a liquid capacity of more
than 100 g^lons used for facility
standby power, emergency power or
uninterrupted power supplies

1-hour in Group B, F, M, S
and U occupancies. 2-hour in
Group A, E, I and R
occupancies".

508.3.2.3 Separation.

between occupancies.

No separation is required

For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929in^, 1 pound per square inch = 6.9 kPa,
1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.293 watts, 1 horsepower = 746 watts,
1 gaUon = 3.785 L.

a. [SFM] Fire barrier protection and automatic sprinkler protection required
througiiout the fire area in 1-2 and 1-2.1 occupancies as indicated.

Exception: Group H-2, H-3, H-4, H-5, 1-2, 1-2.1 or
1-3 occupancies shall be separated from all other
occupancies in accordance with Section 508.3'.3.

508.3.3 Separated occupancies. Buildings or portions of
buildings that comply with the provisions of ttiis section
shall qualify as separated occupancies.

508.3.3.1 Occupancy classification. Separated occu-
pancies shall be individually classified in accordance
with Section 302. 1 . Each fire area shall comply Mth this
code based on the occupancy classification of that por-
tion of the building.

508.3.3.2 Allowable area. In each story, the building
area shall be such that the sum of the ratios of the actual
floor area of each occupancy divided by the allowable
area of each occupancy shall not exceed one.

508.3.3.3 Allowable height. Each occupancy shall com-
ply with the height limitations based on the type of con-
struction of the building in accordance with Section
503.1. The height, in both feet and stories, of each lire
area shall be measured from grade plane. This measure-
ment shall include the height, in both feet and stories, of
intervening fire areas.

Exception: Special provisions permitted by.Section
509.

508.3.3.4 Separation. Individual occupancies shall be
separated from adjacent occupancies in accordance with
Table 508.3.3.

508.3.3.4.1 Construction. Required separations
shall be fire barriers constructed in accordance with
Section 706 or horizontal assemblies constructed in
accordance with Section 711, or both, so as \ com-
pletely separate adjacent occupancies.

SECTION 509
SPECIAL PROVISIONS

509.1 General. The provisions in this section shall permit the
use of special conditions that are exempt from, or modify, the
specific requirements of this chapter regarding the allewable
heights and areas of buildings based on the occupancy cfessifi-
cation and type of construction, provided the special condition
complies with the provisions specified in this section for such
condition and other applicable requirements of this code.

509.2 Group S-2 enclosed or open parking garage with
Group A, B, I-l, M, R or S above. A basement and/or the first
story above grade plane of a building shall be considered as a
separate and distinct building for the purpose of determining
area limitations, continuity of fire walls, limitation of nujoiber
of stories and type of construction when all of the folkAving
conditions are met:

1. The basement and/or the first story above grade plane is
of Type lA construction and is separated fi:om the build-

140

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

ing above with a horizontal assembly having a minimum
3-hour fire-resistance rating.

2. Shaft, stairway, ramp or escalator enclosures through the
horizontal assembly shall have not less than a 2-hour
fire-resistance rating with opening protectives in accor-
dance with Table 715.4.

Exception: Where the enclosure walls below the hor-
izontal assembly have not less than a 3-hour
fire-resistance rating with opening protectives in
accordance with Table 715.4, the enclosure walls
extending above the horizontal assembly shall be per-
mitted to have a 1-hour fire-resistance rating, pro-
vided:

1. The building above the horizontal assembly is
not required to be of Type I construction;

2. The enclosure connects less than four stories;
and

3. The enclosure opening protectives above the
horizontal assembly have a minimum 1-hour
&e protection rating.

3. The building above the horizontal assembly shall be per-
mitted to have multiple Group A uses, each with an occu-
pant load of less than 300, or Group B, I-l, M, R or S

uses.

4. The building below the horizontal assembly is a Group
S-2 enclosed or open parking garage, used for the park-
ing and storage of private motor vehicles.

Exceptions:

1. Entry lobbies, mechanical rooms and similar
uses incidental to the operation of the building
shall be permitted.

2. Multiple Group A uses, each with an occupant
load of less than 300, or Group B or M uses
shall be permitted, in addition to those uses in-
cidental to the operation of the building (includ-
ing storage areas), provided that the entire
structure below the horizontal assembly is pro-
tected throughout by an approved automatic
sprinkler system.

5. The maximum building height in feet shall not exceed
the limits set forth in Section 503 for the building having
the smaller allowable height as measured from the grade
plane.

509.3 Group S-2 enclosed parking garage with Group S-2
open parking garage above. A Group S-2 enclosed parking
garage located in the basement or first story below a Group S-2
open parking garage shall be classified as a separate and dis-

TABLE 508.3.3
REQUIRED SEPARATION OF OCCUPANCIES (HOURS)

OCCUPANCY

A°,E

F-2, s-a'^'^u"

B^F-1,M^s-1

H-1

H-2

H-3, H-4, H-5

A^E^

—

— .

—

F-2, S-2'=''',U<'

—

B^ F-1, M^ S-1

—

H-1

—

H-2

—

H-3, H-4, H-5

—

For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.

S = Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
NS = Buildings not equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
N = No separation requirement.
NP = Not permitted.
■ ' a. For Group H-5 occupancies, see Section 903.2.4.2.

b. Occupancy separation need not be provided for storage areas within Groups B and M if the:

1. Area is less than 10 percent of the floor area;

2. Area is equipped with an automatic fire-extinguishing system and is less than 3,000 square feet; or

3. Area is less than 1,000 square feet.

c. Areas used only for private or pleasure vehicles shall be allowed to reduce separation by 1 hour.

d. See Section 406.1.4.

e. Commercial kitchens need not be separated from the restaurant seating areas that they serve.
/ [SFM] For Group I and F-1 occupancies shall have a 3-hour sepamtion.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

141

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

tinct building for the purpose of determining the type of con-
struction when the following conditions are met:

1 . The allowable area of the structure shall be such that the
sum of the ratios of the actual area divided by the allow-
able area for each separate occupancy shall not exceed
1.0.

2. The Group S-2 enclosed parking garage is of Type I or II
construction and is at least equal to the fire-resistance re-
quirements of the Group S-2 open parking garage.

3. The height and the number of the floors above the base-
ment shaU be limited as specified in Table 406.3.5.

4. The floor assembly separating the Group S-2 enclosed
parking garage and Group S-2 open parking garage shall
be protected as required for the floor assembly of the
Group S-2 enclosed parking garage. Openings between
the Group S-2 enclosed parking garage and Group S-2
open parking garage, except exit openings, shall not be
required to be protected.

5. The Group S-2 enclosed parking garage is used exclu-
sively for the parking or storage of private motor vehi-
cles, but shall be permitted to contain an office, waiting
room and toilet room having a total area of not more than
1,000 square feet (93 m^), and mechanical equipment
rooms incidental to the operation of the building.

509.4 Parking beneath Group R. Where a maximum
one-story above grade plane Group S-2 parking garage,
enclosed or open, or combination thereof, of Type I construc-
tion or open of Type IV construction, with grade entrance, is
provided under a building of Group R, the number of stories to
be used in determining the minimum type of construction shall
be measured from the floor above such a parking area. The
floor assembly between the parking garage and the Group R
above shall comply with the type of construction required for
the parking garage and shall also provide a fire-resistance rat-
ing not less than the mixed occupancy separation required in
Section 508.3.3.

509.5 Group R-2 buildings of Type IIIA construction. The

height limitation for buildings of Type IIIA construction in
Group R-2 shall be increased to six stories and 75 feet (22 860
mm) where the first-floor construction above the basement has
a fire-resistance rating of not less than 3 hours and the floor
area is subdivided by 2-hour fire-resistance-rated fire walls
into areas of not more than 3,000 square feet (279 m^).

509.6 Group R-2 buildings of Type IIA construction. The

height limitation for buildings of Type ILA construction in
Group R-2 shall be increased to nine stories and 100 feet (30
480 mm) where the building is separated by not less than 50
feet (15 240 nam) from any other building on the lot and from
lot lines, the exits are segregated in an area enclosed by a 2-hour
fire-resistance-rated fire wall and the first-floor construction
has a fire-resistance rating of not less than IVj hours.

509.7 Open parking garage beneatli Groups A, I, B, M and

R. Open parking garages constructed under Groups A, I, B, M
and R shall not exceed the height and area limitations permitted
under Section 406.3. The height and area of the portion of the
building above the open parking garage shall not exceed the
limitations in Section 503 for the upper occupancy. The height.

in both feet and stories, of the portion of the building above the
open parking garage shall be measured from grade plane and
shall include both the open parking garage and the portion of
the building aboye the parking garage.

509.7.1 Fire separation. Fire barriers constructed in accor-
dance with Section 706 or horizontal assemblies con-
structed in accordance with Section 711 between the
parking occupancy and the upper occupancy shall corre-
spond to the required fire-resistance rating prescribed in
Table 508.3.3 for the uses involved. The type of construc-
tion shall apply to each occupancy individually, except that
structural members, including main bracing within the open
parking structure, which is necessary to support the upper
occupancy, shall be protected with the more restrictive
fire-resistance-rated assembUes of the groups involved as
shown in Table 601. Means of egress for the upper occu-
pancy shall conform to Chapter 10 and shall be separated
from the parking occupancy by fire barriers having at least a
2-hour fire-resistance rating as required by Section 706 with
self-closing doors complying with Section 715 or horizon-
tal assemblies having at least a 2-hour fire-resistance rating
as required by Section 71 1, with self-closing doors comply-
ing with Section 715. Means of egress from the open
parking garage shall comply with Section 406.3.

509.8 Group B or M with Group S-2 open parldng garage
above. Group B or M uses located in the basement or first story
below a Group S-2 open parking garage shall be classified as a
separate and distinct building for the purpose of determining
the type of construction when all of the following conditions
are met:

1 . The basement or first story shall be Type I or H construc-
tion, but not less than the type of construction required
for the open parking garage above. The height and area
of the basement or first story shall not exceed the limita-
tions in Section 503 for the Group B or M uses.

2. The height and area of the open parking garage shall not
exceed the limitations permitted under Section 406.3.
The height, in both feet and stories, of the open parking
garage shall be measured from grade plane and include
both the open parking garage and the basement or first
story.

3 . Fire separation assemblies between the open parking ga-
rage and the basement or first story use group shall corre-
spond to the required fire-resistance rating prescribed by
Table 508.3.3.

4. Exits serving the open parking garage shall discharge di-
rectly to a street or public way and shall be separated
from the basement or first story use group by not less
than 2-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with
Section 706 or 2-hour horizontal assemblies constructed
in accordance with Section 711, or both, with opening
protectives in accordance with Table 715.4.

509.9 Group I or R. [SFM] Buildings housing protective
social care homes or in occupancies housing inmates who are
not restrained need not be of 1 -hour fire-resistive construction
when not more than two stories in height. In no case shall indi-
vidual floor areas exceed 3,000 square feet (279 m^). The
fire-resistive protection of the exterior walls shall not be less

142

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

than 1 hour where such walls are located within 5 feet (1524
mm) of the property line. Openings within such walls are not
permitted. Openings in exterior nonrated walls need not be
protected.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

143

144 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 6 - TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ciiapter

♦

Adopt Entire Ciiapter as
amended (amended sections
iisted below)

♦

■ Adopt oniy tliose sections
> ttiat are listed below

Ciiapter/
Section

Codes

Table 601

Table 602

The ♦ designation indicates that the Office of the State Fire Marshal's adoption of this chapter or
individual sections is applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 or DSA-SS.

2007< CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

145

146 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 6

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 601
GENERAL

601.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall control the
classification of buildings as to type of construction.

SECTION 602
CONSTRUCTION CLASSIFICATION

602.1 General. Buildings and structures erected or to be
erected, altered or extended in height or area shall be classified
in one of the five construction types defined in Sections 602.2
through 602.5. The building elements shall have a fire-resis-
tance rating not less than that specified in Table 601 and exte-
rior walls shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that
specified in Table 602.

602.1.1 Minimum requirements. A building or portion
thereof shall not be required to conform to the details of a
type of construction higher than that type, which meets the
minimum requirements based on occupancy even though
certain features of such a building actually conform to a
higher type of construction.

602.2 Types I and II. Type I and n construction are those types
of construction in which the building elements listed in Table
601 are of noncombustible materials, except as permitted in
Section 603 and elsewhere in this code.

602.3 Type III. Type III construction is that type of construc-
tion in which the exterior walls are of noncombustible materi-
als and the interior building elements are of any material
permitted by this code. Fire-retardant-treated wood framing
complying with Section 2303.2 shall be permitted within exte-
rior wall assemblies of a 2-hour rating or less.

602.4 Type IV. Type IV construction (Heavy Timber, HT) is
that type of construction in which the exterior walls are of
noncombustible materials and the interior building elements
are of solid or laminated wood without concealed spaces. The
details of Type IV construction shall comply with the provi-
sions of this section. Fire-retardant-treated wood framing com-
plying with Section 2303.2 shall be permitted within exterior
wall assemblies with a 2-hour rating or less. Minimum solid
sawn nominal dimensions are required for structures built
using Type IV construction (HT). For glued-laminated mem-
bers the equivalent net finished width and depths correspond-
ing to the minimum nominal width and depths of solid sawn
lumber are required as specified in Table 602.4.

602.4.1 Columns. Wood columns shall be sawn or glued
laminated and shall not be less than 8 inches (203 mm),
nominal, in any dimension where supporting floor loads and
not less than 6 inches (152 mm) nominal in width and not
less than 8 inches (203 mm) nominal in depth where sup-
porting roof and ceiling loads only. Columns shall be con-
tinuous or superimposed and connected in an approved
manner.

602.4.2 Floor framing. Wood beams and girders shall be of
savvn or glued-laminated timber and shall be not less than 6
inches (152 mm) nominal in width and not less than 10
inches (254 mm) nominal in depth. Framed sawn or
glued-laminated timber arches, which spring from the floor
line and support floor loads, shall be not less than 8 inches
(203 mm) nominal in any dimension. Framed timber trusses
supporting floor loads shall have members of not less than 8
inches (203 mm) nominal in any dimension.

602.4.3 Roof framing. Wood-frame or glued-laminated
arches for roof construction, which spring from the floor
hne or from grade and do not support floor loads, shall have
members not less than 6 inches (152 mm) nominal in width
and have less than 8 inches (203 mm) nominal in depth for
the lower half of the height and not less than 6 inches (152
mm) nominal in depth for the upper half. Framed or glued-
laminated arches for roof construction that spring from the
top of walls or wall abutments, framed timber trusses and
other roof framing, which do not support floor loads, shall
have members not less than 4 inches (102 mm) nominal in
width and not less than 6 inches (152 mm) nominal in depth.
Spaced members shall be permitted to be composed of two
or more pieces not less than 3 inches (76 mm) nominal in
thickness where blocked solidly throughout their interven-
ing spaces or where spaces are tightly closed by a continu-
ous wood cover plate of not less than 2 inches (51 mm)
nominal in thickness secured to the underside of the mem-
bers. Splice plates shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm)
nominal in thickness. Where protected by approved auto-
matic sprinklers under the roof deck, framing members
shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm) nominal in width.

602.4.4 Floors. Floors shall be without concealed spaces.
Wood floors shall be of sawn or glued-laminated planks,
splined or tongue-and-groove, of not less than 3 inches (76
mm) nominal in thickness covered with 1-inch (25 mm)
nominal dimension tongue-and-groove flooring, laid cross-
wise or diagonally, or 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) particleboard or
planks not less than 4 inches (102 mm) nominal in width set
on edge close together and well spiked and covered with
1-inch (25 mm) nominal dimension flooring or 'Vjj-inch
(12 mm) wood structural panel or 0.5-inch (12.7 mm)
particleboard. The lumber shall be laid so that no continu-
ous line of joints will occur except at points of support.
Floors shall not extend closer than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) to
walls. Such 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) space shall be covered by a
molding fastened to the wall and so arranged that it will not
obstruct the swelling or shrinkage movements of the floor.
Corbeling of masonry walls under the floor shall be permit-
ted to be used in place of molding.

602.4.5 Roofs. Roofs shall be without concealed spaces and
wood roof decks shall be sawn or glued laminated, splined
or tongue-and-groove plank, not less than 2 inches (51 mm)
nominal in thickness, 1 '/j-inch-thick (32 mm) wood struc-

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

147

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

tural panel (exterior glue), or of planks not less than 3 inches
(76 mm) nominal in width, set on edge close together and
laid as required for floors. Other types of decking shall be
permitted to be used if providing equivalent fixe resistance
and structural properties.

602.4.6 Partitions. Partitions shall be of solid wood con-
struction formed by not less than two layers of 1-inch (25
mm) matched boards or laminated construction 4 inches
(102nmi) thick, or of 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construc-
tion.

602.4.7 Exterior structural members. Where a horizontal
separation of 20 feet (6096 mm) or more is provided, wood
colunons and arches conforming to heavy tunber sizes shall
be permitted to be used externally.

602.5 lype V. Type V construction is that type of construction
in which the structural elements, exterior walls and interior
walls are of any materials permitted by this code.

SECTION 603

COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL IN TYPE I AND II

CONSTRUCTION

603.1 Allowable materials. Combustible materials shall be
permitted in buildings of Type I or Type n construction in the
following applications and in accordance with Sections
603.1.1 through 603.1.3:

1. Fire-retardant-treated wood shall be permittedjn:

1.1. Nonbearing partitions where the required fire-re-
sistance rating is 2 hours or less.

1.2. Nonbearing exterior walls where no fire rating is
required.

1.3. Roof construction, including girders, trusses,
framing and decking.

Exception: In buildings of Type I construction
exceeding two stories in height, fire-retar-
dant-treated wood is not perriiitted in roof con-
struction when the vertical distance from the
upper floor to the roof is less than 20 feet (6096
mm).

2. Thermal and acoustical insulation, other than foam
plastics, having a flame spread index of not more than
25.

Exceptions:

1. Insulation placed between two layers of
noncombustible materials without an interven-
ing airspace shall be allowed to have a flame
spread index of not more than 100.

2. Insulation installed between a finished floor
and solid decking without intervening airspace
shall be allowed to have a flame spread index of
not more than 200.

3. Foam plastics in accordance with Chapter 26.

4. Roof coverings that have an A, B or C classification.

5. Interior floor finish and interior finish, trim and mill-
work such as doors, door frames, window sashes and
frames.

6. Where not installed over 15 feet (4572 mm) above
grade, show windows, nailing or furring strips and
wooden bulkheads below show windows, including
their frames, aprons and show cases.

7. Finished flooring applied directly to the floor slab or to
wood sleepers that are fireblocked in accordance with
Section 717.2.7.

8. Partitions dividing portions of stores, offices or similar
places occupied by one tenant only and that do not
establish a corridor serving an occupant load of 30 or
more shall be permitted to be constructed of fire-retar-
dant-tteated wood, 1-hour fu-e-resistance-rated con-
struction or of wood panels or similar light construction
up to 6 feet (1829 mm) in height.

9. Stages and platforms constructed in accordance with
Sections 410.3 and 410.4, respectively.

10. Combustible exterior wall coverings, balconies and
similar projections and bay or oriel windows in accor-
dance with Chapter 14.

1 1 . Blocking such as for handrails, millwork, cabinets and
window and door frames.

1 2. Light-transmitting plastics as permitted by Chapter 26.

1 3 . Mastics and cauUdng materials applied to provide flex-
ible seals between components of exterior wall con-
struction.

14. Exterior plastic veneer installed in accordance with
Section 2605.2.

1 5 . Nailing or furring strips as permitted by Section 803 .4.

16. Heavy timber as permitted by Note d to Table 601 and
Sections 602.4.7 and 1406.3.

17. Aggregates, component materials and admixtures as
permitted by Section 703.2.2.

18. Sprayed fire-resistant materials and intumescent and
mastic fire-resistant coatings, determined on the basis
of fire-resistance tests in accordance with Section
703.2 and installed in accordance with Section 1704. 10
and 1704.11, respectively.

19. Materials used to protect penetrations in fire-resis-
tance-rated assemblies in accordance with Section 712.

20. Materials used to protect joints in fire-resistance-rated
assemblies in accordance with Section 713,

2 1 . Materials allowed in the concealed spaces of buildings
of Type I and 11 construction in accordance with Sec-
tion 717.5.

22. Materials exposed within plenums complying with
Section 602 of the California Mechanical Code.

603.1.1 Ducts. The use of nonmetaUic ducts shall be per-
mitted when installed in accordance with the limitations of
the California Mechanical Code.

148

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

603.1.2 Piping. The use of combustible piping materials
shall be permitted when installed in accordance with the
limitations of the California Mechanical Code and the Cali-
fornia Plumbing Code.

603.1.3 Electrical. The use of electrical wiring methods
with combustible insulation, tubing, raceways and related
components shall be permitted when installed in accor-
dance with the limitations of the California Electrical Code.

TABLE 601
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING ELEMENTS (hours)

BUILDING ELEMENT

TYPEl

TYPE II

TYPE III

TYPE IV

TYPEV

A»

Structural frame='

Bearing walls
Exterior^
Interior

1
1

2
1

2
1/HT

1
1

Nonbearing walls and partitions
Exterior

See Table 602

Nonbearing walls and partitions
Interior'

See Section
602.4.6

Floor construction
Including supporting beams
and joists

Roof construction
Including supporting beams
and joists

l\^

led

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. The structural frame shall be considered to be the columns and the girders, beams, trusses and spandrels having direct connections to the columns and bracing
members designed to carry gravity loads. The members of floor or roof panels which have no connection to the columns shall be considered secondary members
and not a part of the structural frame.

b. Roof supports; Fire-resistance ratings of structural frame and bearing walls are permitted to be reduced by 1 hour where supporting a roof only

c. Except in high-rise buildings. Group A, £, F- 1 , H, /, L, M, i?-i, i?-2 and S- 1 occupancies, fire protection of structural members shall not be required, including pro-
tection of roof framing and decking where every part of the roof construction is 20 feet or more above any floor immediately below. For high-rise buildings, Group
A, E,I,L,R-1 and R-2 occupancies and other applications listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal, fire protection of members other
than the structuralframe shall not be required, including protection of roof framing and decking where every part of the roof construction is 20 feet or more above
any floor immediately below. Fire-retardant-treated wood members shall be allowed to be used for such unprotected members.

d. In all occupancies, heavy timber shall be allowed where a 1-hour or less fire-resistance rating is required.

e. An approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3. 1 . 1 shall be allowed to be substituted for 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction, pro-
vided such system is not otherwise required by other provisions of the code or used for an allowable area increase in accordance with Section 506.3 or an allowable
height increase in accordance with Section 504.2. The 1-hour substitution for the fire resistance of exterior walls shall not be permitted.

f. Not less than the fire-resistance rating required by other sections of this code.

g. Not less than the fire-resistance rating based on fire separation distance (see Table 602).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

149

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 602
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERIOR WALLS BASED ON FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE""

FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE s X
(feet)

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

OCCUPANCY
GROUP H, L

OCCUPANCY
GROUP F-1,M,S-1

OCCUPANCY
GROUP A, B, E, F-2, 1, fl', S-2, U"'

x<5'=

All

5<x<10

lA
Others

1
1

10<x<30

IA,IB
IIB,VB
Others

2
1

X>30

All

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. Load-bearing exterior walls shall also comply with the fire-resistance rating requirements oflhble 601.

b. For special requirements for Group U occupancies see Section 406.1.2

c. See Section 705.1.1 for party walls.

d. Open parking garages complying with Section 406 shall not be required to have a fire-resistance rating.

e. The fire-resistance rating of an exterior wall is determined based upon the fire separation distance of the exterior wall and the story in which the wall is located.

/ Group R-3, and Group U when used as accessory to Group R-3, shall not be required to have afire-resistance rating where the fire separation distance is 5 feet or

TABLE 602.4
WOOD MEMBER SIZE

MINIMUM NOMINAL SOLID SAWN SIZE

MINIMUM GLUED-LAMINATED NET SIZE

Width, Inch

Depth, Inch

Width, Inch

Depth, Inch

8V4

IOV2

8V4

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

150

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 7 - FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ctiapter

♦

Adopt Entire Ctiapter as
amended (amended sections
iisted below)-

♦

Adopt oniy those sections ttiat
are listed beiow

Ctiapter / Section

Codes

704.5

705.1,2

Table 705.4

Table 706.3.9

707.2

IBC

707.14.1

708.3

IBC

708.4

IBC

708.8

IBC

709.5

710.2

710.7

715.4,3

715.4,5.1

715.4,7.3

716.5,2

716.5.4

IBC

716.5.4.1

- —

717.3.3

717.4.3

720,2.5

720,2.5.1

Ttie ♦ designation indicates that tlie Office of the State Fire Marshal's adoption of this chapter or
individual sections is applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 or DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

151

152 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 7

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 701
GENERAL

701.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials and assemblies used for structural fire resistance and
fu:e-resistance-rated construction separation of adj acent spaces
to safeguard against the spread of fire and smoke within a
building and the spread of fire to or from buildings.

SECTION 702
DEFINITIONS

702.1 DeHnitions. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter, and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

ANNULAR SPACE. The opening around the penetrating
item.

CEILING RADIATION DAMPER. A listed device installed
in a ceiling membrane of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or
roof/ceiling assembly to hmit automatically the radiative heat
transfer through an air inlet/outlet opening.

COMBINATION FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER. A listed
device installed in ducts and air transfer openings designed to
close automatically upon the detection of heat and resist the
passage of flame and smoke. The device is installed to operate
automatically, controlled by a smoke detection system, and
where required, is capable of being positioned from a fure
command center.

DAMPER. See "Ceiling radiation damper," "Combination
fire/smoke damper," "Fire damper" and "Smoke damper."

DRAFTSTOP. A material, device or construction installed to
restrict the movement of air within open spaces of concealed
areas of building components such as crawl spaces, floor/ceil-
ing assemblies, roof/ceiling assemblies and attics.

F RATING. The time period that the through-penetration
fu:estop system limits the spread of fire through the penetration
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 814.

FIRE AREA. The aggregate floor area enclosed and bounded
by fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls or fire-resis-
tance-rated horizontal assemblies of a building.

FIRE BARRIER. A fire-resistance-rated wall assembly of
materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which conti-
nuity is maintained.

FIRE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and air
transfer openings designed to close automatically upon detec-
tion of heat and resist the passage of flame. Fire dampers are
classified for use in either static systems that will automatically
shut down in the event of a fixe, or in dynamic systems that con-
tinue to operate during a fixe. A dynamic fire damper is tested
and rated for closure under elevated temperature airflow.

FIRE DOOR. The door component of a fire door assembly.

FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. Any combination of a fire door,
frame, hardware, and other accessories that together provide a
specific degree of fire protection to the opening.

FIRE PARTITION. A vertical assembly of materials
designed to restrict the spread of fire in which openings are pro-
tected.

FIRE PROTECTION RATING. The period of time that an
opening protective assembly will maintain the ability to con-
fine a fire as determined by tests prescribed in S ection 7 1 5 . Rat-
ings are stated in hours or minutes.

FIRE RESISTANCE. That property of materials or their
assemblies that prevents or retards the passage of excessive
heat, hot gases or flames under conditions of use.

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING. The period of time a build-
ing element, component or assembly maintains the ability to
confine a fire, continues to perform a given structural function,
or both, as determined by the tests, or the methods based on
tests,-prescribed in Section 703.

FIRE-RESISTANT JOINT SYSTEM. An assemblage of
specific materials or products fhat are designed, tested, and
fire-resistance rated in accordance with either ASTM E 1 966 or
UL 2079 to resist for a prescribed period of time the passage of
fire through joints made in or between fire-resistance-rated
assemblies.

FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE, The distance measured
from the building face to one of the following:

1. The closest interior lot line;

2. To the centerline of a street, an alley or public way; or

3 . To an imaginary line between two buildings on the prop-
erty.

The distance shall be measured at right angles from the face
of the wall.

FIRE WALL. A fire-resistance-rated wall having protected
openings, which restricts the spread of fire and extends contin-
uously from the foundation to or through the roof, with suffi-
cient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse
of construction on either side without collapse of the wall.

FIRE WINDOW ASSEMBLY. A window constructed and
glazed to give protection against the passage of fire.

FIREBLOCKING. Building materials installed to resist the
free passage of flame to other areas of the building through
concealed spaces.

FLOOR FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. A combination of a fire
door, a frame, hardware and other accessories installed in a hor-
izontal plane, which together provide a specific degree of fire
protection to a through-opeifeng in a fire-resistance-rated floor
(see Section 711.8).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

153

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLY. A fire-resistance-rated floor
or roof assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of
fire in which continuity is maintained.

JOINT. The linear opening in or between adjacent fire-resis-
tance-rated assemblies that is designed to allow independent
movement of the building in any plane caused by thermal, seis-
mic, wind or any other loading.

MEMBRANE PENETRATION. An opening made through
one side (wall, floor or ceiling membrane) of an assembly.

MEMBRANE-PENETRATION FIRESTOP. A material,
device or construction installed to resist for a prescribed time
period the passage of flame and heat through openings in a pro-
tective membrane in order to accommodate cables, cable trays,
conduit, tubing, pipes or similar items.

MINERAL FIBER. Insulation composed principally of fibers
manufactured from rock, slag or glass, with or witiiout binders.

MINERAL WOOL. Synthetic vitreous fiber insulation made
by melting predominately igneous rock or furnace slag, and
other inorganic materials, and then physically forming the melt
into fibers.

PENETRATION FIRESTOP. A through-penetration
firestop or a membrane-penetration firestop.

SELF-CLOSING. As applied to a fire door or other opening,
means equipped with an approved device that will ensure clos-
ing after having been opened.

SHAFT. An enclosed space extending through one or more
stories of a building, connecting vertical openings in succes-
sive floors, or floors and roof.

SHAFT ENCLOSURE. The walls or constraction forming
the boundaries of a shaft.

SMOKE BARRIER. A continuous membrane, either vertical
or horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is
designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke.

SMOKE COMPARTMENT. A space within a building
enclosed by smoke barriers on all sides, including the top and
bottom.

SMOKE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and air
transfer openings designed to resist the passage of smoke. The
device is installed to operate automatically, controlled by a
smoke detection system, and where required, is capable of
being positioned from a fire command center.

SPLICE. The result of a factory and/or field method of joining
or connecting two or more lengths of a fire-resistant joint sys-
tem into a continuous entity.

T RATING. The time period that the penetration firestop sys-
tem, including the penetrating item, limits the maximum tem-
perature rise to 325°F (163°C) above its initial temperature
through the penetration on the nonfire side when tested in
accordance with ASTME 814.

THROUGH PENETRATION. An opening that passes
through an entire assembly.

THROUGH-PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEM. An

assemblage of specific materials or products that are designed,
tested and fire-resistance rated to resist for a prescribed period

of time the spread of fire through penetrations. The F and T
rating criteria for penetration firestop systems shall be in accor-
dance with ASTM E 814. See definitions of "F rating" and "T
rating."

SECTION 703
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS AND FIRE TESTS

703.1 Scope. Materials prescribed herein for fire resistance
shall conform to the requirements of this chapter.

703.2 Fire-resistance ratings. The fire-resistance rating of
building elements shaU be determined in accordance with the
test procedures set forth in ASTM E 119 or in accordance with
Section 703.3. Where materials, systems or devices that have
not been tested as part of a fire-resistance-rated assembly are
incorporated into the assembly, sufficient data shall be made
available to the building official to show that the required
fire-resistance rating is not reduced. Materials and methods of
construction used to protect joints and penetrations in
fire-resistance-rated building elements shall not reduce the
required fire-resistance rating.

Exception: In determining the fire-resistance rating of exte-
rior bearing walls, comphance with the ASTM E 1 19 crite-
ria for unexposed surface temperature rise and ignition of
cotton waste due to passage of flame or gases is required
only for a period of time corresponding to the required
fire-resistance rating of an exterior nonbearing wall with the
same fire separation distance, and in a building of the same
group. When the fire-resistance rating determined in accor-
dance with this exception exceeds the fire-resistance rating
determined in accordance with ASTM E 1 19, the fire expo-
sure time period, water pressure, and application duration
criteria for the hose stream test of ASTM E 119 shall be
based upon the fire-resistance rating determined in
accordance with this exception.

703.2.1 Nonsymmetrical wall construction. Interior walls
and partitions of nonsymmetrical construction shall be
tested with both faces exposed to the furnace, and the
assigned fire-resistance rating shall be the shortest duration
obtained from the two tests conducted in compliance with
ASTM E 1 19. When evidence is furnished to show that the
wall was tested with the least fire-resistant side exposed to
the furnace, subject to acceptance of the building official,
the wall need not be subjected to tests from the opposite side
(see Section 704.5 for exterior walls).

703.2.2 Combustible components. Combustible aggre-
gates are permitted in gypsum and portland cement concrete
mixtures approved for fire-resistance-rated constraction.
Any approved component material or admixture is permit-
ted in assembUes if the resulting tested assembly meets the
fire-resistance test requirements of this code.

703.2.3 Restrained classification. Fire-resistance-rated
assemblies tested under ASTM E 119 shall not be consid-
ered to be restrained unless evidence satisfactory to the
building official is furnished by the registered design pro-
fessional showing that the construction qualifies for a
restrained classification in accordance with ASTM E 119.
Restrained construction shall be identified on the plans.

154

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

703.3 Alternative methods for determining fire resistance.

The application of any of the alternative methods listed in this
section shall be based on the fire exposure and acceptance crite-
ria specified in ASTM E 1 19. The required fire resistance of a
building element shall be permitted to be established by any of
the following methods or procedures:

1. Fire-resistance designs documented in approved
sources.

2. Prescriptive designs of fire-resistance-rated building ele-
ments as prescribed in Section 720.

3. Calculations in accordance with Section 721.

4. Engineering analysis based on a comparison of building
element designs having fire-resistance ratings as deter-
mined by the test procedures set forth in ASTM E 11 9 .

5. Alternative protection methods as allowed by Section
104.11.

703.4 Noncombustibility tests. The tests indicated in Sections
703.4.1 and 703.4.2 shall serve as criteria for acceptance of
building materials as set forth in Sections 602.2, 602.3 and
602.4 in Type I, II, III and IV construction. The term
"noncombustible" does not apply to the flame spread charac-
teristics of interior finish or trim materials. A material shall not
be classified as a noncombustible building construction mate-
rial if it is subject to an increase in combustibility or flame
spread beyond the limitations herein established through the
effects of age, moisture or other atmospheric conditions.

703.4.1 Elementary materials. Materials required to be
noncombustible shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E
136.

703.4.2 Composite materials. Materials having a struc-
tural base of noncombustible material as determined in
accordance with Section 703.4.1 with a surfacing not more
than 0.125 inch (3.18 mm) thick that has a flame spread
index not greater than 50 when tested in accordance with
ASTM E 84 shall be acceptable as noncombustible
materials.

SECTION 704
EXTERIOR WALLS

704.1 General. Exterior walls shall comply with this section.

704.2 Projections. Cornices, eave overhangs, exterior balco-
nies and similar projections extending beyond the floor area
shall conform to the requirements of this section and Section
1406. Exterior egress balconies and exterior exit stairways
shall also comply with Sections 1014.5 and 1023.1, respec-
tively. Projections shall not extend beyond the distance deter-
mined by the following two methods, whichever results in the
lesser projection:

1. A point one-third the distance to the lot line from an as-
sumed vertical plane located where protected openings
are required in accordance with Section 704.8.

2. More than 12 inches (305 mm) into areas where open-
ings are prohibited.

704.2.1 Type I and II construction. Projections from walls
of Type I or II construction shall be of noncombustible

materials or combustible materials as allowed by Sections
1406.3 and 1406.4.

704.2.2 Type HI, IV or V construction. Projections from
walls of Type III, IV or V construction shall be of any
approved material.

704.2.3 Combustible projections. Combustible projec-
tions located where openings are not permitted or where
protection of openings is required shall be of at least 1-hour
fire-resistance-rated construction. Type IV construction,
fire-retardant-treated wood or as required by Section
1406.3.

Exception: Type V construction shall be allowed for R-3
occupancies.

704.3 Buildings on the same lot. For the purposes of deter-
mining the required wall and opening protection and roof-cov-
ering requirements, buildings on the same lot shall be assumed
to have an imaginary line between them.

Where a new building is to be erected on the same lot as an
existing building, the location of the assumed imaginary line
with relation to the existing building shall be such that the exte-.
rior wall and opening protection of the existing building meet
the criteria as set forth in Sections 704.5 and 704.8.

Exception: Two or more buildings on the same lot shall
either be regulated as separate buildings or shall be consid-
ered as portions of one building if the aggregate area of such
buildings is within the limits specified in Chapter 5 for a sin-
gle building. Where the buildings contain different occu-
pancy groups or are of different types of construction, the
area shall be that allowed for the most restrictive occupancy
or construction.

704.4 Materials. Exterior walls shall be of materials permitted
by the building type of constraction.

704.5 Fire-resistance ratings. For other than high-rise build-
ings, Group A, E, H,I,LandR occupancies and other applica-
tions listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office of the State
Fire Marshal, exterior walls shall be fire-resistance rated in
accordance with Tables 601 and 602. The fire-resistance rating
of exterior walls with a fire separation distance of greater than 5
feet (1524 mm) shall be rated for exposure to fire from the
inside. The fire-resistance rating of exterior walls with a fure
separation distance of 5 feet (1524 mm) or less shall be rated
for exposure to fire from both sides.

For high-rise buildings. Group A, E, H, I, L andR occupan-
cies and other applications listed in Section 111 regulated by
the Office of the State Fire Marshal exterior walls shall be
fire-resistance rated in accordance with Tables 601 and 602.
The fire-resistance rating of exterior walls be rated for expo-
sure to fire from both sides.

704.6 Structural stability. The wall shall extend to the height
required by Section 704. 1 1 and shall have sufficient structural
stability such that it will remain in place for the duration of time
indicated by the required fire-resistance rating.

704.7 Unexposed surface temperature. Where protected
openings are not hmited by Section 704.8, the limitation on the
rise of temperature on the unexposed surface of exterior walls
as required by ASTM E 119 shall not apply. Where protected

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

155

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

Openings are limited by Section 704.8, the limitation on the rise
of temperature on the unexposed surface of exterior walls as
required by ASTM E 119 shall not apply provided that a cor-
rection is made for radiation from the unexposed exterior wall
surface in accordance with the following formula:

where:

(Equation 7-1)

Ag = Equivalent area of protected openings.

A = Actual area of protected openings.

Af = Area of exterior wall surface in the story under consid-
eration exclusive of openings, on which the tempera-
ture limitations of ASTM E 1 1 9 for walls are exceeded.

F^„ = An "equivalent opening factor" derived from Figure
704.7 based on the average temperature of the unex-
posed wall surface and the fu:e-resistance rating of the
wall.

704.8 Allowable area of openings. The maximum area of
unprotected or protected openings permitted in an exterior wall
in any story shall not exceed the values set forth in Table 704.8.
Where botii unprotected and protected openings are located in
the exterior wall in any story, the total area of the openings shall
comply with the following formula:

A A

- + ^<1.0

a a„

where:

(Equation 7-2)

A = Actual area of protected openings, or the equivalent
area of protected openings, A^ (see Section 704.7).

a = Allowable area of protected openings.

A„ = Actual area of unprotected openings.

(3„ = Allowable area of unprotected openings.

For SI: °C = [(°F) - 32] / 1.8.

200 400 600 800 1,000

Average temperature of unexposed surface ( F)

FIGURE 704.7
EQUIVALENT OPENING FACTOR

156

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 704.8
MAXIMUM AREA OF EXTERIOR WALL OPENINGS^

CLASSIFICATION
OF OPENING

FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE (feet)

to 3'J

Greater
than 3 to S"-'

Greater
than5to10'='='9'''

Greater
than 10 to 15"*=

Greater
thanlStoao^'S

Greater
than 20 to as^'S

Greater
than 25 to SC'^

Greater
than 30

Unprotected

Not
Permitted

Not
Permitted"^

10%'

15%'

25%'

45%'

70%'

No Limit''

Protected

Not
Permitted

15%

25%

45%

75%

No Limit''

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. Values given are percentage of the area of the exterior wall.

b. Not used

c. For occupancies' in Group R-3, the maximum percentage of unprotected and protected ecterior wall openings shall be 25 percent.

d. The area of openings in an open parking structure with a fire separation distance of greater than 10 feet shall not be limited.

e. For occupancies in Group H-2 or H-3, unprotected openings shall not be permitted for openings with a lire separation distance of 15 feet or less. .

f . For requirements for iire walls for buildings with differing roof heights, see Section 705.6. 1 .

g. The area of unprotected and protected openings is not limited for occupancies in Group R-3, with a &e separation distance greater than 5 feet,
h. For special requirements for Group U occupancies, see Section 406.1.2

i. Buildings whose exterior bearing wall, exterior nonbearing wall and exterior structural frame are not required to be fire-resistance rated by Table 601 or 602 shall

be permitted to have unlimited unprotected openings,
j. Includes accessory buildings to Group R-3.

704.8.1 Automatic sprinkler system. In buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 903 .3 . 1 . 1 , the maximum allowable
area of unprotected openings in occupancies other than
Groups H-1, H-2 and H-3 shall be the same as the tabulated
limitations for protected openings.

704.8.2 First story. In occupancies other than Group H,
unlimited unprotected openings are permitted in the exterior
walls of the first story above grade facing a street that have a
fire separation distance of greater than 15 feet (4572 mm) or
facing an unoccupied space. The unoccupied space shall be
on the same lot or dedicated for public use, shall not be less
than 30 feet (9144 mm) in width and shall have access from
a street by a posted fire lane in accordance with the Califor-
nia Fire Code.

704.9 Vertical separation of openings. Openings in exterior
walls in adjacent stories shall be separated vertically to protect
against fire spread on the exterior of the buildings where the
openings are within 5 feet (1524 mm) of each other horizon-
tally and the opening in the lower story is not a protected open-
ing with a fire protection rating of not less than V4 hour. Such
openings shall be separated vertically at least 3 feet (914 mm)
by spandrel girders, exterior walls or other similar assemblies
that have a fire-resistance rating of at least 1 hour or by flame
barriers that extend horizontally at least 30 inches (762 mm)
beyond the exterior wall. Flame barriers shall also have a
fire-resistance rating of at least 1 hour. The unexposed surface
temperature limitations specified in ASTM E 119 shall not
apply to the flame barriers or vertical separation unless
otherwise required by the provisions of this code.

Exceptions:

1 . This section shall not apply to buildings that are three
stories or less in height.

2. This section shall not apply to buildings equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in ac-
cordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

3. Open parking garages.

704.10 Vertical exposure. For buildings on the same lot, open-
ing protectives having a fire-protection rating of not less than
V4 hour shall be provided in every opening that is less than 15
feet (4572 mm) vertically above the roof of an adjoining build-
ing or adjacent structure that is within a horizontal fire separa-
tion distance of 15 feet (4572 mm) of the wall in which the
opening is located.

Exception: Opening protectives are not required where the
roof construction has a fire-resistance rating of not less than
1 hour for a minimum distance of 10 feet (3048 mm) from
the adjoining building, and the entire length and span of the
supporting elements for the fire-resistance-rated roof
assembly has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.

704.11 Parapets. Parapets shall be provided on exterior walls
of buildings.

Exceptions: A parapet need not be provided on an exterior
wall where any of the following conditions exist:

1. The wall is not required to be fire-resistance rated in
accordance with Table 602 because of fire separation
distance.

2. The building has an area of not more than 1,000
square feet (93 m^) on any floor.

3. Walls that terminate at roofs of not less than 2-hour
fire-resistance-rated construction or where the roof,
including the deck or slab and supporting construc-
tion, is constructed entirely of noncombustible
materials.

4. One-hour fire-resistance-rated exterior walls that ter-
minate at the underside of the roof sheathing, deck or
slab, provided:

4.1. Where the roof/ceiling framing elements are
parallel to the walls, such framing and ele-
ments supporting such framing shall not be of
less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated con-
struction for a width of 4 feet (1220 mm) for
Groups R and U and 10 feet (3048 mm) for

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other occupancies, measured from the interior
side of the wall.

4.2. Where roof/ceiling framing elements are not
parallel to the wall, the entire span of such
framing and elements supporting such fram-
ing shall not be of less than 1-hour fire-resis-
tance-rated construction.

4.3. Openings in the roof shall not be located
within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the 1-hour fire-re-
sistance-rated exterior wall for Groups R and
U and 10 feet (3048 mm) for other occupan-
cies, measured from the interior side of the
wall.

4.4. The entire building shall be provided with not
less than a Class B roof covering.

5. In Groups R-2 and R-3 where the entire building is
provided with a Class C roof covering, the exterior
wall shall be permitted to terminate at the underside of
the roof sheathing or deck in Type III, IV and V con-
struction, provided:

5.1. The roof sheathing or deck is constructed of
approved noncombustible materials or of
fire-retardant-treated wood for a distance of 4
feet (1220 mm); or

5.2. The roof is protected with 0.625-inch (16
nrai) Type X gypsum board directly beneath
the underside of the roof sheathing or deck,
supported by a minimum of nominal 2-inch
(51 mm) ledgers attached to the sides of the
roof framing members for a minimum dis-
tance of 4 feet (1220 mm).

6. Where the wall is permitted to have at least 25 percent
of the exterior wall areas containing unprotected
openings based on fire separation distance as deter-
mined in accordance with Section 704.8.

704.11.1 Parapet construction. Parapets shall have the
same fire-resistance rating as that required for the support-
ing wall, and on any side adjacent to a roof surface, shall
have noncombustible faces for the uppermost 18 inches
(457 mm), including counterflashing and coping materials.
The height of the parapet shall not be less than 30 inches
(762 mm) above the point where the roof surface and the
wall intersect. Where the roof slopes toward a parapet at a
slope greater than two units vertical in 12 units horizontal
(16.7-percent slope), the parapet shall extend to the same
height as any portion of the roof within a fire separation dis-
tance where protection of wall openings is required, but in
no case shall the height be less than 30 inches (762 mm).

704.12 Opening protection. Windows in exterior walls
required to have protected openings in accordance with other
sections of this code or determined to be protected in accor-
dance with Section 704.3 or 704.8 shall comply with Section
715.5. Other openings required to be protected with fire door or
shutter assemblies in accordance with other sections of this

code or determined to be protected in accordance with Section
704.3 or 704.8 shall comply with Section 715.4.

Exception: Opening protectives are not required where the
building is protected throughout by an automatic sprinkler
system and the exterior openings are protected by an
approved water curtain using automatic sprinklers approved
for that use. The sprinklers and the water curtain shall be
installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and shall
have an automatic water supply and fire department
connection.

704.12.1 Unprotected openings. Where protected open-
ings are not required by Section 704, windows and doors
shall be constructed of any approved materials. Glazing
shall conform to the requirements of Chapters 24 and 26.

704.13 Joints. Joints made in or between exterior walls
required by this section to have a fire-resistance rating shall
comply with Section 713.

Exception: Joints in exterior walls that are permitted to
have unprotected openings.

704.13.1 Voids. The void created at the intersection of a
floor/ceiling assembly and an exterior curtain wall assem-
bly shall be protected in accordance with Section 713.4.

704.14 Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations by air
ducts and air transfer openings in fire-resistance-rated exterior
walls required to have protected openings shall comply with
Section 716.

Exception: Foundation vents installed in accordance with
this code are permitted.

SECTION 705
FIRE WALLS

705.1 General. Each portion of a building separated by one or
more fire walls that comply with the provisions of this section
shall be considered a separate building. The extent and location
of such fire walls shall provide a complete separation. Where a
fire wall also separates occupancies that are required to be sep-
arated by a fire barrier waU, the most restrictive requirements of
each separation shall apply.

705.1.1 Party walls. Any wall located on a lot line between
adjacent buildings, which is used or adapted for joint service
between the two buildings, shall be constructed as a fire wall
in accordance with Section 705. Party walls shall be con-
structed without openings and shall create separate
buildings.

705.1.2 Automatic fire sprinkers. [SFM] Fire walls shall
. not be considered to create separate buildings for the pur-
pose of automatic fire sprinkler system requirements as set
forth in Chapter 9.

Exception: Buildings separated by continuous fire walls
of 4-hour fire-resistive construction without openings.
Buildings required to have automatic fire sprinkler pro-

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FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

tection as set forth in Section 13113 of the Health and
Safety Code are prohibited from using fire walls in lieu of
automatic fire sprinkler protection.

705.2 Structural stability. Fire walls shall have sufficient
structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of
construction on either side without collapse of the wall for the
duration of time indicated by the required fire-resistance
rating.

705.3 Materials. Fire walls shall be of any approved
noncombustible materials.

Exception: Buildings of Type V construction.

705.4 Fire-resistance rating. Fire walls shall have afire-resis-
tance rating of not less than that required by Table 705.4.

TABLE 705.4
FIRE WALL FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS

GROUP

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

A,B,E,H-4,I,R-1,R-2,U,L

F-1, H-3^ H-5, M, S-1

H-1, H-2

F-2, S-2, R-3, R-4

a. Walls shall be not less than 2-hour fire-resistance rated where separating
buildings of Type 11 or V construction.

b. For Group H-1, H-2 or H-3 buildings, also see Sections 415.4 and 415.5.

705.5 Horizontal continuity. Fire walls shall be continuous
from exterior wall to exterior wall and shall extend at least 18
inches (457 mm) beyond the exterior surface of exterior walls.

Exceptions:

1. Fire walls shall be permitted to terminate at the inte-
rior surface of combustible exterior sheathing or sid-
ing provided the exterior wall has a fire-resistance
rating of at least 1 hour for a horizontal distance of at
least 4 feet (1220 mm) on both sides of the fire wall.
Openings within such exterior walls shall be pro-
tected by opening protectives having a fire protection
rating of not less than V4 hour.

2. Fire walls shall be permitted to terminate at the inte-
rior surface of noncombustible exterior sheathing, ex-
terior siding or other noncombustible exterior finishes
provided the sheathing, siding, or other exterior
noncombustible finish extends a horizontal distance
of at least 4 feet (1220 mm) on both sides of the fire
wall.

3. Fire walls shall be permitted to terminate at the inte-
rior surface of noncombustible exterior sheathing
where the building on each side of the fire wall is pro-

■ tected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

705.5.1 Exterior walls. Where the fure wall intersects the
exterior walls, the fire-resistance rating for the exterior
walls on both sides of the fure wall shall have a 1-hour
fire-resistance rating with^-hour opening protection where
opening protection is required. The fire-resistance rating of
the exterior wall shall extend a minimum of 4 feet (1220
mm) on each side of the intersection of the fire wall to exte-

rior wall. Exterior wall intersections at fire walls that form
an angle equal to or greater than 180 degrees (3.14 rad) do
not need exterior wall protection.

705.5.2 Horizontal projecting elements. Fire walls shall
extend to the outer edge of horizontal projecting elements
such as balconies, roof overhangs, canopies, marquees and
similar projections that are within 4 feet (1220 mm) of the
fire wall.

Exceptions:

1. Horizontal projecting elements without concealed
spaces, provided the exterior wall behind and be-
low the projecting element has notless than 1-hour
fire-resistance-rated construction for a distance
not less than the depth of the projecting element on
both sides of the fire wall. Openings within such
exterior walls shall be protected by opening
protectives having a fire protection rating of not
less than V4 hour.

2. Noncombustible horizontal projecting elements
with concealed spaces, provided a minimum
1-hour fire-resistance-rated wall extends through
the concealed space. The projecting element shall
be separated from the building by a minimum of
1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction for a. dis-
tance on each side of the fire wall equal to the depth
of the projecting element. The wall is not required
to extend under the projecting element where the
building exterior wall is not less than 1-hour
fire-resistance rated for a distance on each side of
the fire wall equal to the depth of the projecting el-
ement. Openings within such exterior walls shall
be protected by opening protectives having a fire
protection rating of not less than V4 hour.

3. For combustible horizontal projecting elements
with concealed spaces, the fire wall need only ex-
tend through the concealed space to the outer
edges of the projecting elements. The exterior wall
behind and below the projecting element shall be
of not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated con-
struction for a distance not less than the depth of
the projecting elements on both sides of the fire
wall. Openings within such exterior walls shall be
protected by opening protectives having a fire-pro-
tection rating of not less than V4 hour.

705.6 Vertical continuity. Fire walls shall extend from the
foundation to a termination point at least 30 inches (762 mm)
above both adjacent roofs.

Exceptions:

1. Stepped buildings in accordance with Section
705.6.1.

2. Two-hour fire-resistance-rated walls shall be permit-
ted to terminate at the underside of the roof sheathing,
deck or slab provided:

2.1. The lower roof assembly within 4 feet (1220
mm) of the wall has not less than a 1-hour
fire-resistance rating and the entire length and
span of supporting elements for the rated roof

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

159

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

assembly has a fire-resistance rating of not
less than 1 hour.

2.2. Openings in the roof shall not be located
within 4 feet (1220 nun) of the fire wall.

2.3. Each building shall be provided with not less
than a Class B roof covering.

3. Walls shall be permitted to terminate at the underside
of noncombustible roof sheathing, deck, or slabs
where both buildings are provided with not less than a
Class B roof covering. Openings in the roof shall not
be located within 4 feet (1220 mm) of the fire wall.

4. In buildings of Type IE, IV and V construction, walls
shall be permitted to terminate at the underside of
combustible roof sheathing or decks provided:

4.1. There are no openings in the roof within 4 feet
(1220 mm) of the fire wall,

4.2. The roof is covered with a minimum Class B
roof covering, and

4.3. The roof sheathing or deck is constructed of
fire-retardant-treated wood for a distance of 4
feet (1220 mm) on both sides of the wall or the
roof is protected with Vg inch (15.9 mm) Type
X gypsum board directly beneath the under-
side of the roof sheathing or deck, supported
by a minimum of 2-incli (51 mm) nominal
ledgers attached to the sides of the roof fram-
ing members for a minimum distance of 4 feet
(1220 mm) on both sides of the fire wall.

5. Buildings located above a parking garage designed in
accordance with Section 509.2 shall be permitted to
have the &e walls for the buildings located above the
parking garage extend from the horizontal separation
between the parking garage and the buildings.

705.6.1 Stepped buildings. Where a fire wall serves as an
exterior wall for a building and separates buildings having
different roof levels, such wall shall terminate at a point not
less than 30 inches (762 mm) above the lower roof level,
provided the exterior wall for a height of 15 feet (4572 mm)
above the lower roof is not less than 1-hour frre-resis-
tance-rated construction from both sides with openings pro-
tected by fire assemblies having a fire protection rating of
not less than V4 hour.

Exception: Where the fire wall terminates at the under-
side of the roof sheathing, deck or slab of the lower roof,
provided:

1. Thelowerroof assembly within 10feet(3048 mm)
of the wall has not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance
rating and the entire length and span of supporting
elements for the rated roof assembly has a fire-re-
sistance rating of not less than 1 hour.

2. Openings in the lower roof shall not be located
within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the fire wall.

705.7 Combustible framing in fire walls. Adjacent combusti-
ble members entering into a concrete or masonry fire wall from
opposite sides shall not have less than a 4-inch (102 mm) dis-
tance between embedded ends. Where combustible members

frame into hollow walls or walls of hollow units, hollow spaces
shall be soUdly filled for the full thickness of the wall and for a
distance not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above, below and
between the structural members, with noncombustible materi-
als approved for fireblocking.

705.8 Openings. Each opening through a fire wall shall be pro-
tected in accordance with Section 715.4 and shall not exceed
120 square feet (11 m^). The aggregate width of openings at
any floor level shall not exceed 25 percent of the length of the
wall.

Exceptions:

1 . Openings are not permitted in party walls constructed in
accordance with Section 705.1.1.

2. Openings shall not be limited to 120 square feet (1 1 m^)
where both buildings are equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

705.9 Penetrations. Penetrations of fire walls shall comply
with Section 712.

705.10 Joints. Joints made in or between fure walls shall com-
ply with Section 713.

705.11 Ducts and air transfer openings. Ducts and air trans-
fer openings shall not penetrate fire walls.

Exception: Penetrations by ducts and air transfer openings
of fire walls that are not on a lot line shall be allowed pro-
vided the penetrations comply with Sections 712 and 716.
The size and aggregate width of all openings shall not
exceed the limitations of Section 705.8.

SECTION 706
FIRE BARRIERS

706.1 General. Fire barriers installed as required elsewhere in
this code or the California Fire Code shall comply with this
section.

706.2 Materials. Fire barriers shall be of materials permitted
by the building type of construction.

706.2.1 Fire-resistance-rated glazing. Fire-resis-
tance-rated glazing, when tested in accordance with ASTM
E 1 19 and complying with the requirements of Section 706,
shall be permitted. Fire-resistance-rated glazing shall bear a
label or other identification showing the name of the manu-
facturer, the test standard and the identifier "W-XXX,"
where the "XXX" is the fire-resistance rating in minutes.
Such label or identification shall be issued by an approved
agency and shall be permanently affixed to the glazing.

706.3 Fire-resistance rating. The fire-resistance rating of fire
barriers shall comply with this section.

706.3.1 Shaft enclosures. The fire-resistance rating of the
fire barrier sepai^ating building areas from a shaft shall com-
ply with Section 707.4.

706.3.2 Exit enclosures. The fire-resistance rating of the
fire barrier separating building areas from an exit shall com-
ply with Section 1020.1.

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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706.3.3 Exit passageway. The fire-resistance rating of the
separation between building areas and an exit passageway
shall comply with Section 1021.1.

706.3.4 Horizontal exit. The fire-resistance rating of the
separation between building areas connected by a horizon-
tal exit shall comply with Section 1022. 1 .

706.3.5 Atriums. The fire-resistance rating of the fire bar-
rier separating atriums shall comply with Section 404.5.

706.3.6 Incidental use areas. The fire barrier separating
incidental use areas shall have a fire-resistance rating of not
less than that indicated in Table 508.2.

706.3.7 Control areas. Fire barriers separating control
areas shall have a fure-resistance rating of not less than that
required in Section 414.2.4. ■

706.3.8 Separation of mixed occupancies. Where the pro-
visions of Section 508.3.3 are applicable, the fire barrier
separating mixed occupancies shall have a fire-resistance
rating of not less than that indicated in Section 508.3.3
based on the occupancies being separated.

706.3.9 Single-occupancy fire areas. The fire barrier or
horizontal assembly, or both, separating a single occupancy
into different fure areas shall have a fire-resistance rating of
not less than that indicated in Table 706.3.9.

TABLE 706.3!9

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE

BARRIER ASSEMBLIES OR HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLIES

BETWEEN FIRE AREAS

OCCUPANCY GROUP

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

H-1, H-2

F-1,H-3,S-1

A, B, E, F-2, H-4, H-5,
I,M,R,S-2,L

706.4 Exterior walls. Where exterior walls serve as a part of a
required fire-resistance-rated shaft or exit enclosure, or
seperation such walls shall comply with the requirements of
Section 704 for exterior walls and the fure-resistance-rated
enclosure or seperation requirements shall not apply.

Exception: Exterior walls required to be fire-resistance
rated in accordance with Section 1014.5.1 for exterior
egress balconies. Section 1020.1.4 for exit enclosures and
Section 1023.6 for exterior exit ramps and stairways.

706.5 Continuity. Fire bairiers shall extend from the top of the
floor/ceihng assembly below to the underside of the floor or
roof slab or deck above and shall be securely attached thereto.
Such fire barriers shall be continuous through concealed
spaces, such as the space above a suspended ceiling. The sup-
porting construction for fire baixiers shall be protected to afford
the required fire-resistance rating of the fire barrier supported,
except for 1-hour fire-resistance-rated incidental use area sepa-
rations as required by Table 508.2 in buildings of Type HB, IIIB

and VB construction. Hollow vertical spaces within a fire bar-
rier shall be fireblocked in accordance with Section 717.2 at
every floor level.

Exceptions:

1. The maxinium required fire-resistance rating for as-
semblies supporting fire barriers separating tank stor-
age as provided for in Section 415.6.2.1 shall be 2
hours, but not less than required by Table 601 for the
building construction type.

2. Shaft enclosures shall be permitted to terminate at a
top enclosure complying with Section 707.12.

706.6 Exterior walls. Where exterior walls serve as a part of a
required fire-resisitance-rated enclosure or seperation, such
walls shall comply with the requirments of Section 704 for
exterior walls, and the fire-resistance-rated enclosure or
seperation requirements shall not apply.

Exception: Exterior walls requii-ed to be fire-resistance
rated in accordance with section 1014.5. 1 for exterior egress
balconies. Section 1020.1.4 for exit enclosures and Section
1023.6 for exterior exit ramps and stairways.

706.7 Openings. Openings in a fire barrier shall be protected in
accordance with Section 715. Openings shall be limited to a
maximum aggregate width of 25 percent of the length of the
wall, and the maximum area of any single opening shall not
exceed 156 square feet (15 m^). Openings in exit enclosures
and exit passageways shall also comply with Sections 1 020. 1 . 1
and 1021.4, respectively.

Exceptions:

1. Openings shall not be limited to 156 square feet (15
m^) where adjoining fure areas are equipped through-
out with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1.

2. Fire doors serving an exit enclosure.

3. Openings shall not be hmited to 156 square feet (15
m^) or an aggregate width of 25 percent of the length
of the wall where the opening protective assembly has
been tested in accordance with ASTM E 1 19 and has a
minimum fire-resistance rating not less than the
frre-resistance rating of the wall.

4. Fire windows permitted in atrium seperation walls
shall not be limited to a maximum aggregate width of
25 percent of the length of the wall.

706.8 Penetrations. Penetrations of fire barriers shall comply
with Section 712.

706.8.1 Prohibited penetrations. Penetrations into an exit
enclosure or an exit passageway shall be allowed only when
permitted by Section 1020.1.2 or 1021.5, respectively.

706.9 Joints. Joints made in or between fire barriers shall com-
ply with Section716.

706.10 Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations in a fire
barrier by ducts and air transfer openings shall comply with
Section 716.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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SECTION 707
SHAFT ENCLOSURES

707.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to
vertical shafts where such shafts are required to protect open-
ings and penetrations through floor/ceiling and roof/ceiUng
assemblies. Shaft enclosures shall be constructed as foe barri-
ers in accordance with Section 706 or horizontal assemblies in
accordance with Section 71 1, or both.

707.2 Shaft enclosure required. Openings through a
floor/ceUing assembly shall be protected by a shaft enclosure
complying with this Section.

Exceptions:

1 . A shaft enclosure is not required for openings totally
within an individual residential dwelling unit and
connecting four stories or less.

2. In other than Groups 1-2, 1-2.1 and 1-3, a shaft en-
closure is not required in a building equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 for an escalator
opening or stairway that is not a portion of the means
of egress protected according to Item 2.1 or 2.2:

2.1. Where the area of the floor opening between
stories does not exceed twice the horizontal
projected area of the escalator or stairway and
the opening is protected by a draft curtain and
closely spaced sprinklers in accordance with
NFPA 13. In other than Groups B and M, this
application is limited to openings that do not
connect more than four stories.

2.2 Where the opening is protected by approved
power-operated automatic shutters at every
penetrated floor. The shutters shall be of
noncombustible construction and have a
fire-resistance rating of not less than 1.5
hours. The shutter shall be so constructed as to
close immediately upon the actuation of a
smoke detector installed in accordance with
Section 907.11 and shall completely shut off
the well opening. Escalators shall cease oper-
ation when the shutter begins to close, the
shutter shall operate at a speed of not more
than 30 feet per minute (152.4 mm/s) and shall
be equipped with a sensitive leading edge to
arrest its progress where in contact with any
obstacle and to continue its progress on re-
lease therefrom.

3 . A shaft enclosure is not required for penetrations by
pipe, tube, conduit, wire, cable and vents protected
in accordance with Section 712.4.

4. A shaft enclosure is not required for penetrations by
ducts protected in accordance with Section 712.4.
Grease ducts shall be protected in accordance with
the California Mechanical Code.

5. In other than Group H occupancies, a shaft enclo-
sure is not required for floor openings complying
with the provisions for atriums in Section 404.

6. A shaft enclosure is not required for approved ma-
sonry chimneys where annular space protection is
provided at each floor level in accordance with Sec-
tion 717.2.5.

7. In other than Groups 1-2, 1-2.1 and 1-3, a shaft enclo-
sure is not requked for a floor opening or an air
transfer opening that complies with the following:

7.1. Does not connect more than two stories.

7.2. Is not part of the required means of egress sys-
tem, except as permitted in Section 1020.1.

7.3. Is not concealed within the building construc-
tion.

7.4. Is not open to a corridor in Group I and R oc-
cupancies.

7.5. Is not open to a corridor on nonsprinklered
floors in any occupancy.

7.6. Is separated from floor openings and air trans-
fer openings serving other floors by construc-
tion conforming to required shaft enclosures.

7.7. Is limited to the same smoke compartment.

8. A shaft enclosure is not required for automobile
ramps in open and enclosed parking garages con-
structed in accordance with Sections 406.3 and
406.4, respectively.

9. A shaft enclosure is not required for floor openings
between a mezzanine and tiie floor below.

10. A shaft enclosure is not required for joints protected
by a fure-resistant joint system in accordance with
Section 713.

11. A shaft enclosure shall not be required for floor
openings created by unenclosed stairs or ramps in
accordance with Exception 8 or 9 in Section 1020. 1 .

12. Floor openings protected by floor fire doors in ac-
cordance with Section 71 1.8.

13. Where permitted by other sections of this code.

707.3 Materials. The shaft enclosure shall be of materials per-
mitted by the building type of construction.

707.4 Fire-resistance rating. Shaft enclosures shall have a
fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours where connecting
four stories or more, and not less than 1 hour where connecting
less than four stories. The number of stories connected by the
shaft enclosure shall include any basements but not any mezza-
nines. Shaft enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating not
less than the floor assembly penetrated, but need not exceed 2
hours.

707.5 Continuity. Shaft enclosures shall be constructed as fire
barriers in accordance with Section 706 or horizontal assem-
blies constructed in accordance with Section 7 1 1 , or both, and
shall have continuity in accordance with Section 706.5 for fire
barriers or Section 711.4 for horizontal assemblies as
applicable.

707.6 Exterior walls. Where exterior walls serve as a part of a
required shaft enclosure, such walls shall comply with the

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requirements of Section 704 for exterior walls and the
fire-resistance-rated enclosure requirements shall not apply.

Exception: Exterior walls required to be fire-resistance
rated in accordance with Section 1014.5.1 for exterior
egress balconies, Section 1020.1.4 for exit enclosures and
Section 1023.6 for exterior exit ramps and stairways.

707.7 Openings. Openings in a shaft enclosure shall be pro-
tected in accordance with Section 7 15 as required for fire barri-
ers. Doors shall be self- or automatic closing by smoke
detection in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3.

707.7.1 Prohibited openings. Openings other than those
necessary for the purpose of the shaft shall not be permitted
in shaft enclosures.

707.8 Penetrations. Penetrations in a shaft enclosure shall be
protected in accordance with Section 712 as required for fire
barriers.

707.8.1 Prohibited penetrations. Penetrations other than
those necessary for the purpose of the shaft shall not be per-
mitted in shaft enclosures.

707.9 Joints. Joints in a shaft enclosure shall comply with Sec-
tion 713.

707.10 Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations of a
shaft enclosure by ducts and air transfer openings shall comply
with Section 716.

707.11 Enclosure at the bottom. Shafts that do not extend to
the bottom of the building or structure shall:

1. Be enclosed at the lowest level with construction of the
same fire-resistance rating as the lowest floor through
which the shaft passes, but not less than the rating re-
quired for the shaft enclosure;

2: Terminate in a room having a use related to the purpose
of the shaft. The room shall be separated from the re-
mainder of the building by a fire barrier having a fure-re-
sistance rating and opening protectives at least equal to
the protection required for the shaft enclosure; or

3 . Be protected by approved fire dampers installed in accor-
dance with their listing at the lowest floor level within the
shaft enclosure.

Exceptions:

1. The fire-resistance-rated room separation is not
required, provided there are no openings in or
penetrations of the shaft enclosure to the inte-
rior of the building except at the bottom. The
bottom of the shaft shall be closed off around
the penetrating items with materials permitted
by Section 717.3.1 for draftstopping, or the
room shall be provided with an approved auto-
matic fire suppression system.

2. A shaft enclosure containing a refuse chute or
laundry chute shall not be used for any other
purpose and shall terminate in a room protected
in accordance with Section 707.13.4.

3. The frre-resistance-rated room separation and
the protection at the bottom of the shaft are not
required, provided there are no combustibles in

the shaft and there are no openings or other
penetrations through the shaft enclosure to the
interior of the building.

707.12 Enclosure at the top. A shaft enclosure that does not
extend to the underside of the roof sheathing, deck or slab of the
building shall be enclosed at the top with construction of the
same fire-resistance rating as the topmost floor penetrated by
the shaft, but not less than the fire-resistance rating required for
the shaft enclosure.

707.13 Refuse and laundry chutes. Refuse and laundry
chutes, access and termination rooms and incinerator rooms
shall meet the requirements of Sections 707.13.1 through
707.13.6.

Exception: Chutes serving and contained within a single
dwelling unit.

707.13.1 Refuse and laundry chute enclosures. A shaft
enclosure containing a refuse or laundry chute shall not be
used for any other purpose and shall be enclosed in accor-
dance with Section 707.4. Openings into the shaft, includ-
ing those from access rooms and termination rooms, shall
be protected in accordance with this section and Section
715. Openings into chutes shall not be located in corridors.
Doors shall be self- or automatic closing upon the actuation
of a smoke detector in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3,
except that heat-activated closing devices shall be permitted
between the shaft and the termination room.

707.13.2 Materials. A shaft enclosure containing a refuse
or laundry chute shall be constructed of materials as permit-
ted by the building type of construction.

707.13.3 Refuse and laundry chute access rooms. Access
openings for refuse and laundry chutes shall be located in
rooms or compartments enclosed by a fire barrier that has a
frre-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings into
the access rooms shall be protected by opening protectives
having a fire protection rating of not less than V4 hour. Doors
shall be self- or automatic closing upon the detection of
smoke in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3.

707.13.4 Termination room. Refuse and laundry chutes
shall discharge into an enclosed room separated from the
remainder of the building by a fire barrier that has a
fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings into
the termination room shall be protected by opening
protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than V4
hour. Doors shall be self- or automatic closing upon the
detection of smoke in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3.
Refuse chutes shall not terminate in an incinerator room.
Refuse and laundry rooms that are not provided with chutes
need only comply with Table 508.2.

707.13.5 Incinerator room. Incinerator rooms shall com-
ply with Table 508.2.

707.13.6 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved auto-
matic sprinkler system shall be installed in accordance with
Section 903.2.10.2.

707.14 Elevator, dumbwaiter and other hoistways. Elevator,
dumbwaiter and other hoistway enclosures shall be con-
structed in accordance with Section 707 and Chapter 30.

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707.14.1 Elevator lobby. An enclosed elevator lobby shall
be provided at each floor where an elevator shaft enclosure
connects more than two stories in high-rise buildings,
Group A, E, H, I, L, R-1 and R-2 occupancies and other
applications listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office of
the State Fire Marshal, and three stories /or all other occu-
pancies. The lobby shall separate the elevator shaft enclo-
sure doors from each floor by fire partitions equal to the
fire-resistance rating of the corridor and the required open-
ing protection. Elevator lobbies shall have at least one
means of egress complying with Chapter 10 and other
provisions within this code.

Exceptions:

1. Enclosed elevator lobbies are not required at the
street floor, provided the entire street floor is
equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in ac-
cordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

2. Elevators not required to be located in a shaft in ac-
cordance with Section 707.2 are not required to
have enclosed elevator lobbies.

3. Where additional doors are provided at the
hoistway opening in accordance with Section
3002.6. Such doors shall be tested in accordance
with UL 1784 without an artificial bottom seal.

4. [SFM] In other than Group 1-3, and high-rise
buildings, enclosed elevator lobbies are not re-
quired where the building is protected by an auto-
matic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

5. Smoke partitions shall be permitted iu heu of fire
partitions to separate the elevator lobby at each
floor where the building is equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system installed in ac-
cordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

6. [SFM] When approved, enclosed elevator lobbies
are not required where the elevator hoistway is
pressurized in accordance with Section 707. 14.2.

7. [SFM] Where the hoistway door has afire-protec-
tion rating as required by Section 711.4 and the
hoistway door opening is also protected by a listed
and labeled smoke containment system complying
with ICBO ES AC 77.

707.14.2 Enclosed elevator lobby pressurization alterna-
tive. Where elevator hoistway pressurization is provided in
lieu of required enclosed elevator lobbies, the pressurization
system shall comply with this section.

707.14.2.1 Pressurization requirements. Elevator
hoistways shall be pressurized to maintain a minimum
positive pressure of 0.04 inches of water column (1.00
Pa) and a maximum positive pressure of 0.06 inches of
water column (1.49 Pa) with respect to adjacent occupied
space on all floors. This pressure shall be measured at the
midpoint of each hoistway door, with all ground floor
level hoistway doors open and all other hoistway doors
closed. The supply air intake shall be from an outside.

uncontaminated source located a minimum distance of
20 feet (6096 mm) from any air exhaust system or outlet.

707.14.2.2 Ducts for system. Any duct system that is
part of the pressurization system shall be protected with
the same fire-resistance rating as required for the eleva-
tor shaft enclosure.

707.14.2.3 Fan system. The fan system provided for the
pressurization system shall be as required by this section.

707.14.2.3.1 Fire resistance. When located within
the building, the fan system that provides the pressur-
ization shall be protected with the same fire-resis-
tance rating required for the elevator shaft enclosure.

707.14.2.3.2 Smoke detection. The fan system shall
be equipped with a smoke detector that will automati-
cally shut down the fan system when smoke is
detected within the system.

707.14.2.3.3 Separate systems. A separate fan sys-
tem shall be used for each bank of elevators.

707.14.2.3.4 Fan capacity. The supply fan shall
either be adjustable with a capacity of at least 1,000
cfm (.4719 mVs) per door, or that specified by a regis-
tered design professional to meet the requirements of
a designed pressurization system.

707.14.2.4 Standby power. The pressurization system
shall be provided with standby power from the same
source as other required emergency systems for the
building.

707.14.2.5 Activation of pressurization system. The

elevator pressurization system shall be activated upon
activation of the building fire alarm system or upon acti-
vation of the elevator lobby smoke detectors.

SECTION 708
FIRE PARTITIONS

708.1 General. The following wall assemblies shaU comply
with this section:

1. Walls separating dwelling units in the same building.

2. Walls separating sleeping units in occupancies in Group
R-1 hotel, R-2 and I-l occupancies.

3. Walls separating tenant spaces in covered mall buildings
as required by Section 402.7.2.

4. Corridor walls as requured by Section 1017.1.

5. Elevator lobby separation as required by Section
707.14.1.

6. Residential aircraft hangars.

708.2 Materials. The walls shall be of materials permitted by
the building type of construction.

708.3 Fire-resistance rating. Fire partitions shall have a
fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.

Exceptions:

1. Corridor walls as permitted by Table 1017.1.

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2. Dwelling and sleeping unit separations in buildings of
Type nB, IIIB and VB construction shall have fire-re-
sistance ratings of not less than '4 hour in buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler sys-
tem in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

708.4 Continuity. Fire partitions shall extend from the top of
the foundation or floor/ceiling assembly below to the under-
side of the floor or roof sheathing, slab or deck above or to the
fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly
above, and shall be securely attached thereto. If the partitions
are not continuous to the sheathing, deck or slab, and where
constructed of combustible construction, the space between the
ceiling and the sheathing, deck or slab above shall be
fireblocked or draftstopped in accordance with Sections 717.2
and 717.3 at the partition line. The supporting construction
shall be protected to afford the required fire-resistance rating of
the wall supported, except for tenant and sleeping unit separa-
tion walls and corridor walls in buildings of Types IIB, IIIB and
VB construction.

Exceptions:

1 . The wall need not be extended into the crawl space be-
low where the floor above the crawl space has a mini-
mum 1-hour fire-resistance rating.

2. Where the room-side fire-resistance-rated membrane
of the corridor is carried through to the underside of
the floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab of a fire-resis-
tance-rated floor or roof above, the ceiling of the cor-
ridor shall be permitted to be protected by the use of
ceiling materials as required for a 1-hour fu-e-resis-
tance-rated floor or roof system.

3. Where the corridor ceiling is constructed as required
for the corridor walls, the walls shall be permitted to
terminate at the upper membrane of such ceiling
assembly.

4. The fire partition separating tenant spaces in a mall,
complying with Section 402.7.2, are not required to
extend beyond the underside of a ceiling that is not
part of a fire-resistance-rated assembly. A wall is not
required in attic or ceiling spaces above tenant
separation walls.

5. Fireblocking or draftstopping is not required at the
partition line in Group R-2 buildings that do not ex-
ceed four stories in height, provided the attic space is
subdivided by draftstopping into areas not exceeding
3,000 square feet (279 m^) or above every two dwell-
ing units, whichever is smaller.

6. Fireblocking or draftstopping is not required at the
partition line in buildings equipped with an automatic
sprinkler system installed throughout in accordance
with Section 903.3. 1. 1 or 903.3. 1.2, provided that au-
tomatic sprinklers are installed in combustible
floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling spaces.

7. [HCD 1] Wall assemblies in two-family dwellings
need not extend through attic spaces when the ceiling
is protected by not less than % inch (15.9 mm). Type X
gypsum board and an attic draftstop constructed as
specified in Section 717.3.1 is provided above and
along the wall assembly separating the dwellings.

The structural framing supporting the ceiling shall
also be protected by not less than V2 inch (12.7 mm)
gypsum board or equivalent.

708.5 Exterior walls. Where exterior walls serve as a part of a
required fu:e-resistance-rated separation, such walls shall com-
ply with the requirements of Section 704 for exterior walls, and
the fire-resistance-rated separation requirements shall not
apply.

708.6 Openings. Openings in a fire partition shall be protected
in accordance with Section 715.

708.7 Penetrations. Penetrations of fire partitions shall com-
ply with Section 712.

708.8 Joints. Joints made in or between fire partitions shall
comply with Section 713.

Exception: [HCD 1] Fire.-resistance-rated wall assemblies
in two-family dwellings which extend to and are tight
against the exterior wall, the ceiling as permitted in Section
708.4 or the underside of the roof sheathing.

708.9 Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations in a fire
partition by ducts and air transfer openings shall comply with
Section 716.

SECTION 709
SMOKE BARRIERS

709.1 General. Smoke barriers shall comply with this section.

709.2 Materials. Smoke barriers shall be of materials permit-
ted by the building type of construction.

709.3 Fire-resistance rating. A 1-hour fire-resistance rating is
required for smoke barriers.

Exception: Smoke barriers constructed of minimum
0.10-inch-thick (2.5 mm) steel in Group 1-3 buildings.

709.4 Continuity. Smoke barriers shall form an effective
membrane continuous from outside wall to outside wall and
from the top of the foundation or floor/ceiling assembly below
to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab
above, including continuity through concealed spaces, such as
those found above suspended ceilings, and interstitial struc-
tural and mechanical spaces. The supporting construction shall
be protected to afford the required fire-resistance rating of the
wall or floor supported in buildings of other than Type IIB , IIIB
or VB construction.

Exception: Smoke-barrier walls are not required in intersti-
tial spaces where such spaces are designed and constructed
with ceilings that provide resistance to the passage of fire
and smoke equivalent to that provided by the smoke-barrier
walls.

709.5 Openings. Openings in a smoke barrier shall be pro-
tected in accordance with Section 715.

In Group 1-2, where doors are installed across corridors, a
pair of opposite-swinging doors without a center muUion or

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horizontal sliding doors that comply with Section 1008.1.3.3
shall be installed. Vision panels consisting of fire-rated glazing
in approved frames shall be provided in each cross-corridor
swinging door in a smoke barrier. The doors shall be close fit-
ting within operational tolerances, and shall not have under-
cuts, louvers or grilles. Swinging doors shall have head and
jamb stops and astragals or rabbets at meeting edges. Doors
installed across corridors shall be automatic closing by smoke
detection in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3. Positive-latch-
ing devices are required. Doors installed across corridors shall
comply with Section 1008.1.1.

709.6 Penetrations. Penetrations of smoke barriers shall com-
ply with Section 712.

709.7 Joints. Joints made in or between smoke barriers shall
comply with Section 713.

709.8 Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations in a
smoke barrier by ducts and air transfer openings shall comply
with Section 716.

SECTION 710
SMOKE PARTITIONS

710.1 General. Smoke partitions installed as required else-
where in the code shall comply with this section.

710.2 Materials. The walls shall be of materials permitted by
the building type of construction. In Group 1-2 and 1-2.1, smoke
partitions shall have framing covered with noncombustible
materials having an approved thermal barrier with an index of
not less than 15 in accordance with FM4880, UL 1040, NFPA
286 or UL 1715.

710.3 Fire-resistance rating. Unless required elsewhere in the
code, smoke partitions are not required to have a fire-resistance
rating.

710.4 Continuity. Smoke partitions shall extend from the top
of the foundation or floor below to the underside of the floor or
roof sheathing, deck or slab above or to the underside of the
ceiling above where the ceiling membrane is constructed to
limit the transfer of smoke.

710.5 Openings. Windows shall be sealed to resist the free pas-
sage of smoke or be automatic-closing upon detection of
smoke. Doors in smoke partitions shall comply with this sec-
tion.

710.5.1 Louvers. Doors in smoke partitions shall not
include louvers.

710.5.2 Smol(e and draft control doors. Where required
elsewhere in the code, doors in smoke partitions shall be
tested in accordance with UL 1784 with an artificial bottom
seal installed across the full width of the bottom of the door
assembly during the test. The air leakage rate of the door
assembly shall not exceed 3 cubic feet per minute per square
foot [ft3/(min ■ ft2)](0.015424 mV s • m^) of door opening at
0. 10 inch (24.9 Pa) of water for both the ambient tempera-
ture test and the elevated temperature exposure test.

710.5.3 Self- or automatic-closing doors. Where required
elsewhere in the code, doors in smoke partitions shall be

self- or automatic closing by smoke detection in accordance
with Section 715.4.7.3.

710.6 Penetrations and joints. The space around penetrating
items and in joints shall be filled with an approved material to
limit the free passage of smoke.

710.7 Ducts and air transfer openings. The space around a
duct penetrating a smoke partition shall be filled with an
approved material to limit the free passage of smoke. Air trans-
fer openings in smoke partitions shall be provided with a
smoke damper complying with Section 716.3.2. For high-rise
buildings. Group A, E, H, I, L and R occupancies and other
applications listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office of the
State Fire Marshal, duct openings in smoke partitions shall
also be provided with a smoke damper complying with Section
716.3.2.

Exceptions: Where the installation of a smoke damper will
interfere with the operation of a required smoke control sys-
tem in accordance with Section 909, approved alternative
protection shall be utilized.

1. Where the installation of a smoke damper will inter-
fere with the operation of a required smoke control
system in accordance with Section 909, approved al-
ternative protection shall be utilized.

2. [SFM] Smoke dampers are not required in corridor
penetrations where the duct is constructed of steel not
less than 0.019-inch (0.40 mm) in thickness and there
are no openings serving the corridor.

SECTION 711
HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLIES

711.1 General. Floor and roof assemblies required to have a
fire-resistance rating shall comply with this section.

711.2 Materials. The floor and roof assemblies shall be of
materials permitted by the building type of construction.

711.3 Fire-resistance rating. The fire-resistance rating of
floor and roof assemblies shall not be less than that required by
the building type of construction. Where the floor assembly
separates mixed occupancies, the assembly shall have a
fire-resistance rating of not less than that required by Section
508.3.3 based on the occupancies being separated. Where the
floor assembly separates a single occupancy into different fire
areas, the assembly shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less
than that requked by Section 706.3.9. Floor assemblies sepa-
rating dwelling units in the same building or sleeping units in
occupancies in Group R- 1 , hotel occupancies, R-2 and I- 1 shall
be a minimum of 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.

Exception: Dwelling unit and sleeping unit separations in
buildings of Type IIB, niB, and VB construction shall have
fire-resistance ratings of not less than '4 hour in buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

711.3.1 Ceiling panels. Where the weight of lay-in ceiling
panels, used as part of fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or
roof/ceiling assemblies, is not adequate to resist an upward
force of 1 lb/ft.2 (48 Pa), wire or other approved devices

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shall be installed above the panels to prevent vertical dis-
placement under such upward force.

711.3.2 Access doors. Access doors shall be permitted in
ceilings of fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling and roof/ceil-
ing assemblies provided such doors are tested in accordance
with ASTM E 119 as horizontal assemblies and labeled by
an approved agency for such purpose.

711.3.3 Unusable space. In 1-hour fire-resistance-rated
floor construction, the ceiling membrane is not required to
be installed over unusable crawl spaces. In 1-hour fire-resis-
tance-rated roof construction, the floor membrane is not
required to be installed where unusable attic space occurs
above.

711.4 Continuity. Assemblies shall be continuous without
openings, penetrations or joints except as permitted by this sec-
tion and Sections 707.2, 712.4, 713 and 1020.1. Skylights and
other penetrations through a fire-resistance-rated roof deck or
slab are permitted to be unprotected, provided that the struc-
tural integrity of the fire-resistance-rated roof construction is
maintained. Unprotected skylights shall not be permitted in
roof construction required to be &e-resistance rated in accor-
dance with Section 704.10. The supporting construction shall
be protected to afford the required fire-resistance rating of the
horizontal assembly supported.

711.5 Penetrations. Penetrations of fire-resistance-rated hori-
zontal assemblies shall comply with Section 712.

711.6 Joints. Joints made in or between fire-resistance-rated
horizontal assemblies shall comply with Section 713. The void
created at the intersection of a floor/ceiling assembly and an
exterior curtain wall assembly shall be protected in accordance
with Section 713.4.

711.7 Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations in hori-
zontal assemblies by ducts and air transfer openings shall com-
ply with Section 716.

711.8 Floor fire door assemblies. Floor fire door assemblies
used to protect openings in fure-resistance-rated floors shall be
tested in accordance with NFPA 288, and shall achieve a
fire-resistance rating not less than the assembly being pene-
trated. Floor fire door assemblies shall be labeled by an
approved agency. The label shall be permanently affixed and
shall specify the manufacturer, the test standard and the
fure-resistance rating.

SECTION 712
PENETRATIONS

712.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall govern the
materials and methods of construction used to protect through
penetrations and membrane penetrations of horizontal assem-
bUes and fire-resistance-rated wall assemblies.

712.2 Installation details. Where sleeves are used, they shall
be securely fastened to the assembly penetrated. The space
between the item contained in the sleeve and the sleeve itself
and any space between the sleeve and the assembly penetrated

shall be protected in accordance with this section. Insulation
and coverings on or in the penetrating item shall not penetrate
the assembly unless the specific material used has been tested
as part of the assembly in accordance with this section.

712.3 Fire-resistance-rated walls. Penetrations into or
through fire walls, fire-barrier walls, smoke-barrier walls and
frre partitions shall comply with Sections 712.3.1 through
712.3.4.

712.3.1 Through penetrations. Through penetrations of
fire-resistance-rated walls shall comply with Section
712.3.1.1 or 712.3.1.2.

Exception: Where the penetrating items are steel, fer-
rous or copper pipes, tubes or conduits, the annular space
between the penetrating item and the fire-resis-
tance-rated wall is permitted to be protected as follows:

1. In concrete or masonry walls where the penetrat-
ing item is a maximum 6-inch (152 mm) nominal
diameter and the area of the opening through the
wall does not exceed 144 square inches (0.0929
m^), concrete, grout or mortar is permitted where it
is installed the full thickness of the wall or the
thickness required to maintain the fire-resistance
rating; or

2. The material used to fill the annular space shall
prevent the passage of flame and hot gases suffi-
cient to ignite cotton waste when subjected to
ASTM E 1 19 time-temperature fire conditions un-
der a minimum positive pressure differential of
0.01 inch (2.49 Pa) of water at the location of the
penetration for the time period equivalent to the
fire-resistance rating of the construction
penetrated.

712.3.1.1 Fire-resistance-rated assemblies. Penetra-
tions shall be installed as tested in an approved fure-resis-
tance-rated assembly.

712.3.1.2 Through-penetration firestop system.

Through penetrations shall be protected by an approved
penetration firestop system installed as tested in accor-
dance with ASTM E 814 or UL 1479, with a minimum
positive pressure differential of 0.01 inch (2.49 Pa) of
water and shall have an F rating of not less than the
required fire-resistance rating of the wall penetrated.

712.3.2 Membrane penetrations. Membrane penetrations
shall comply with Section 712.3.1. Where walls or parti-
tions are required to have a fire-resistance rating, recessed
fixtures shall be installed such that the required fire resis-
tance will not be reduced.

Exceptions:

1. Membrane penetrations of maximum two-hour
fire-resistance-rated walls and partitions by steel
electrical boxes that do not exceed 16 square
inches (0.0103 m^) in area, provided the aggregate
area of the openings through the membrane does
not exceed 100 square inches (0.0645 m^) in any

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100 square feet (9.29 m^) of wall area. The annular
space between the wall membrane and the box
shall not exceed Vg inch (3.1 mm). Such boxes on
opposite sides of the wall or partition shall be sepa-
rated by one of the following:

1 . 1 . By a horizontal distance of not less than 24
inches (610 mm);

1 .2. By a horizontal distance of not less than the
depth of the wall cavity where the wall cav-
ity is filled with cellulose loose-fill,
rockwool or slag mineral wool insulation;

1.3. By solid fireblocking in accordance with
Section 717.2.1;

1.4. By protecting both boxes with Usted putty
pads; or

1.5. By other listed materials and methods.

2. Membrane penetrations by Usted electrical boxes
of any material, provided such boxes have been
tested for use in fire-resistance-rated assemblies
and are installed in accordance with the instruc-
tions included in the listing. The annular space be-
tween the wall membrane and the box shall not
exceed Vg inch (3.1 mm) unless listed otherwise.
Such boxes on opposite sides of the wall or parti-
tion shall be separated as follows:

2. 1 . By a horizontal distance of not less than 24
inches (610 mm);

2.2. By soUd fireblocking in accordance with
Section 717.2.1;

2.3. By protecting both boxes with listed putty
pads; or

2.4. By other listed materials and methods.

3 . The annular space created by the penetration of an
automatic sprinkler, provided it is covered by a
metal escutcheon plate.

712.3.3 Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations of
fire-resistance-rated walls by ducts that are not protected
with dampers shall comply with Sections 712.2 through
712.3.1. Ducts and air transfer openings that are protected
with dampers shall comply with Section 716.

712.3.4 Dissimilar materials. Noncombustible penetrating
items shall not connect to combustible items beyond the
point of firestopping unless it can be demonstrated that the
fire-resistance integrity of the wall is maintained.

712.4 Horizontal assemblies. Penetrations of a floor,
floor/ceiling assembly or the ceiling membrane of a roof/ceil-
ing assembly shall be protected in accordance with Section
707.

712.4.1 Fire-resistance rated assemblies. Penetrations of
the fire-resistance rated floor, floor/ceiUng assembly or the
ceiling membrane of a roof/ceiling assembly shall comply
with Sections 712.4.1.1 through 712.4.1.4

712.4.1.1 Through penetrations. Through penettations
of fire-resistance-rated horizontal assembhes shall com-
ply with Section 712.4.1.1.1 or 712.4.1.1.2.

Exceptions:

1. Penetrations by steel, ferrous or copper con-
duits, pipes, tubes or vents or concrete or ma-
sonry items through a single
fire-resistance-rated floor assembly where the
annular space is protected with materials that
prevent the passage of flame and hot gases suf-
ficient to ignite cotton waste when subjected to
ASTM E 119 time-temperature fire conditions
under a minimum positive pressure differential
of 0.0 1 inch (2.49 Pa) of water at the location of
the penetration for the time period equivalent to
the fire-resistance rating of the construction
penetrated. Penetrating items with a maximum
6-inch (152 mm) nominal diameter shall not be
limited to the penetration of a single fitre-resis-
tance-rated floor assembly, provided the aggre-
gate area of the openings through the assembly
does not exceed 144 square inches (92 900
mm^) in any 100 square feet (9.3 m^) of floor
area.

2. Penetrations in a single concrete floor by steel,
ferrous or copper conduits, pipes, tubes or vents
with a maximum 6-inch (152 mm) nominal di-
ameter, provided the concrete, grout or mortar
is installed the full thickness of the floor or the
thickness required to maintain the fire-resis-
tance rating. The penetrating items shall not be
limited to the penetration of a single concrete
floor, provided the area of the opening through
each floor does not exceed 144 square inches
(92 900 mm^).

3. Penetrations by hsted electrical boxes of any
material, provided such boxes have been tested
for use in fire-resistance-rated assemblies and
installed in accordance with the instructions in-
cluded in the listing.

712.4.1.1.1 Installation. Through penetrations shall
be installed as tested in the approved fire-resis-
tance-rated assembly.

712.4.1.1.2 Through-penetration firestop system.

Through penetrations shall be protected by an
approved through-penetration firestop system
installed and tested in accordance with ASTM E 814
or UL 1479, with a minimum positive pressure differ-
ential of 0.01 inch of water (2.49 Pa). The system shall
have an F-rating and a T-rating of not less than 1 hour
but not less than the required rating of the floor
penetrated.

Exception: Floor penetrations contained and
located within the cavity of a wall do not require a
T- rating.

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712.4.1.2 Membrane penetrations. Penetrations of
membranes that are part of a fire-resistance-rated hori-
zontal assembly shall comply with Section 712.4.1.1.1
or 712.4.1.1.2. Where floor/ceiling assemblies are
required to have a minimum 1-hour fire-resistance rat-
ing, recessed fixtures shall be installed such that the
required fire resistance will not be reduced.

Exceptions:

1. Membrane penetrations by steel, ferrous or
copper conduits, pipes, tubes or vents, or con-
crete or masonry items where the annular space
is protected either in accordance with Section
7 1 2.4. 1 . 1 or to prevent the free passage of flame
and the products of combustion. The aggregate
area of the openings through the membrane
shall not exceed 100 square inches (64 500

. mm^) in any 100 square feet (9.3 m^) of ceiling
area in assemblies tested without penetrations.

2. CeiUng membrane penetrations of maximum
2-hour fire-resistance-rated horizontal assem-
blies by steel electrical boxes that do not exceed
16 square inches (10 323 mm^) in area, pro-
vided the aggregate area of such penetrations
does not exceed 100 square inches (44 500
mm^) in any 100 square feet (9.29 m^) of ceiling
area, and the annular space between the ceiling
membrane and the box does not exceed Vg inch
(3.12 mm).

3. Membrane penetrations by listed electrical
boxes of any material, provided such boxes
have been tested for use in fire-resistance-rated
assemblies and are installed in accordance with
the instructions included in the listing. The an-
nular space between the ceiling membrane and
the box shall not exceed Vg inch (3.1 mm) un-
less listed otherwise.

4. The annular space created by the penetration of
a fire sprinkler, provided it is covered by a metal
escutcheon plate.

712.4.1.3 Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetra-
tions of horizontal assemblies by ducts and air transfer
openings shall comply with Section 716.

712.4.1.4 Dissimilar materials. Noncombustible pene-
trating items shall not connect to combustible materials
beyond the point of firestopping unless it can be demon-
strated that the fire-resistance integrity of the horizontal
assembly is maintained.

712.4.2 Nonfire-resistance-rated assemblies. Penetra-
tions of horizontal assemblies without a required fure-resis-
tance rating shall meet the requirements of Section 707 or
shall comply with Section 712.4.2.1 or 712.4.2.2.

712.4.2.1 Noncombustible penetrating items.

Noncombustible penetrating items that connect not more
than three stories are permitted, provided that the annular
space is filled with an approved noncombustible material

to resist the free passage of flame and the products of
combustion.

712.4.2.2 Penetrating items. Penetrating items that con-
nect not more than two stories are permitted, provided
that the annular space is filled with an approved material
to resist the free passage of flame and the products of
combustion.

712.5 Penetrations in smolce barriers. Penetrations in smoke
barriers shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of
UL 1479 for air leakage. The air leakage rate of the penetration
assembly shallnotexceed5.0cfmper square foot(0.025 m^/s •
m^) of penetration opening at 0.30 inch ( 7.47 Pa) of water for
both the ambient temperature and elevated temperature tests.

SECTION 713
FIRE-RESISTANT JOINT SYSTEMS

713.1 General. Joints installed in or between fire-resis-
tance-rated walls, floor or floor/ceiling assemblies and roofs or
roof/ceiHng assemblies shall be protected by an approved
fire-resistant joint system designed to resist the passage of fire
for a time period not less than the required frre-resistance rating
of the wall, floor or roof in or between which it is installed.
Fire-resistant joint systems shall be tested in accordance with
Section 713.3. The void created at the intersection of a
floor/ceiling assembly and an exterior curtain wall assembly
shall be protected in accordance with Section 713.4.

Exception: Fire-resistant joint systems shall not be
required for joints in all of the following locations:

1. Floors within a single dwelling unit.

2. Floors where the joint is protected by a shaft enclo-
sure in accordance with Section 707.

3. Floors within atriums where the space adjacent to the
■ atrium is included in the volume of the atrium for

smoke control purposes.

4. Floors within malls.

5. Floors within open parking structures.

6. Mezzanine floors.

7. Walls that are permitted to have unprotected open-
ings.

8. Roofs where openings are permitted.

9. Control joints not exceeding a maximum width of
0.625 inch (15.9 mm) and tested in accordance with
ASTME119.

713.2 Installation. Fire-resistant joint systems shall be
securely installed in or on the joint for its entire length so as not
to dislodge, loosen or otherwise impair its ability to accommo-
date expected building movements and to resist the passage of
fire and hot gases.

713.3 Fire test criteria. Fire-resistant joint systems shall be
tested in accordance with the requirements of either ASTM E
1966 or UL 2079. Nonsymmetrical wall joint systems shall be
tested with both faces exposed to the furnace, and the assigned
fire-resistance rating shall be the shortest duration obtained
from the two tests. When evidence is furnished to show that the

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wall was tested with the least fire-resistant side exposed to the
furnace, subject to acceptance of the building official, the wall
need not be subjected to tests from the opposite side.

Exception: For exterior walls with a horizontal fire separa-
tion distance greater than 5 feet (1524 mm), the joint system
shall be required to be tested for interior fire exposure only.

713.4 Exterior curtain wall/floor intersection. Where fire
resistance-rated floor or floor/ceiling assembhes are required,
voids created at the intersection of the exterior curtain wall
assemblies and such floor assemblies shall be sealed with an
approved material or system to prevent the interior spread of
fire. Such material or systems shall be securely insttJled and
capable of preventing the passage of flame and hot gases suffi-
cient to ignite cotton waste where subjected either to ASTM E
119 time-temperature fire conditions under a minimum posi-
tive pressure differential of 0.01 inch of water column (2.5 Pa)
or installed as tested in accordance with ASTM E 2307 for the
time period at least equal to the fire-resistance rating of the
floor assembly. Height and fire-resistance requirements for
curtain wall spandrels shall comply with Section 704.9.

713.5 Spandrel wall. Height and fire-resistance requirements
for curtain wall spandrels shall comply with Section 704.9.
Where Section 704.9 does not require a fire-resistance-rated
spandrel wall, the requirements of Section 713.4 shall still
apply to the intersection between the spandrel wall and the
floor.

713.6 Fire-resistant joint systems in smoke barriers.

Fire-resistant joint systems in smoke barriers shall be tested in
accordance with the requirements of UL 2079 for air leakage.
The air leakage rate of the joint shall not exceed 5 cfm per lineal
foot (0.00775 mVs • m ) of joint at 0.30 inch (7.47 Pa ) of water
for both the ambient temperature and elevated temperature
tests.

SECTION 714

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING OF STRUCTURAL

MEMBERS

714.1 Requirements. The fire-resistance rating of structural
members and assemblies shall comply with the requirements
for the type of construction and shall not be less than the rating
required for the fire-resistance-rated assemblies supported.

Exception: Fire barriers, fire partitions and smoke barriers
as provided in Sections 706.5, 708.4 and 709.4, respec-
tively.

714.2 Protection of structural members. Protection of col-
umns, girders, trusses, beams, lintels or other structural mem-
bers that are required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
comply with this section.

714.2.1 Individual protection. Columns, girders, trusses,
beams, lintels or other structural members that are required
to have a fire-resistance rating and that support more than
two floors or one floor and roof, or support a load-bearing
wall or a nonload-bearing wall more than two stories high,
shall be individually protected on all sides for the full length
with materials having the required fire-resistance rating.
Other structural members required to have a fire-resistance

rating shall be protected by individual encasement, by a
membrane or ceiling protection as specified in Section 711,
or by a combination of both. Columns shall also comply
with Section 714.2.2.

714.2.1.1 Membrane protection. King studs and
boundary elements that are integral elements in
load-bearing walls of light-framed construction shall be
permitted to have required fire-resistance ratings pro-
vided by the membrane protection provided for the
load-bearing wall.

714.2.2 Column protection above ceilings. Where col-
umns require a fire-resistance rating, the entire column,
including its connections to beams or girders, shall be pro-
tected. Where the column extends through a ceiling, fire
resistance of the column shall be continuous from the top of
the foundation or floor/ceihng assembly below through the
ceiling space to the top of the column.

714.2.3 Truss protection. The required thickness and con-
struction of fire-resistance-rated assemblies enclosing
trusses shall be based on the results of full-scale tests or
combinations of tests on truss components or on approved
calculations based on such tests that satisfactorily demon-
strate that the assembly has the required fire resistance.

714.2.4 Attachments to structural members. The edges
of lugs, brackets, rivets and bolt heads attached to structural
members shall be permitted to extend to within 1 inch (25
mm) of the surface of the fire protection.

714.2.5 Reinforcing. Thickness of protection for concrete
or masonry reinforcement shall be measured to the outside
of the reinforcement except that stirrups and spiral rein-
forcement ties are permitted to project not more than
0.5-inch (12.7 mm) into the protection.

714.3 Embedments and enclosures. Pipes, wires, conduits,
ducts or other service facilities shall not be embedded in the
required fire protective covering of a structural member that is
required to be individually encased.

714.4 Impact protection. Where the fire protective covering
of a structural member is subject to impact damage from mov-
ing vehicles, the handling of merchandise or other activity, the
fire protective covering shall be protected by comer guards or
by a substantial jacket of metal or other noncombustible mate-
rial to a height adequate to provide full protection, but not less
than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the finished floor.

714.5 Exterior structural members. Load-bearing structural
members located within the exterior walls or on the outside of a
building or structure shall be provided with the highest
fire-resistance rating as determined in accordance with the
following:

1 . As required by Table 60 1 for the type of building element
based on the type of construction of the building;

2. As required by Table 601 for exterior bearing walls based
on the type of construction; and

3. As required by Table 602 for exterior walls based on the
fire separation distance.

714.6 Bottom flange protection. Fire protection is not
required at the bottom flange of lintels, shelf angles and plates.

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Spanning not more than 6 feet (1829 mm) whether part of the
structural frame or not, and from the bottom flange of lintels,
shelf angles and plates not part of the structural frame, regard-
less of span.

714.7 Seismic isolation systems. Fire-resistance ratings for
the isolation system shall meet the fire-resistance rating
required for the columns, walls or other structural elements in
which' the isolation system is installed in accordance with Table
601.

Isolation systems required to have a fire-resistance rating
shall be protected with approved materials or construction
assemblies designed to provide the same degree of fire resis-
tance as the structural element in which it is installed when
tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 (see Section 703.2).

Such isolation system protection applied to isolator units
shall be capable of retarding the transfer of heat to the isolator
unit in such a manner that the required gravity load-carrying
capacity of the isolator unit will not be impaired after exposure
to the standard time-temperature curve fire test prescribed in
ASTM E 1 19 for a duration not less than that required for the
fire-resistance rating of the structure element in which it is
installed.

Such isolation system protection applied to isolator units
shall be suitably designed and securely installed so as not to
dislodge, loosen, sustain damage or otherwise impair its abiUty
to accommodate the seismic movements for which the isolator
unit is designed and to maintain its integrity for the purpose of
providing the required fire-resistance protection.

SECTION 715
OPENING PROTECTIVES

715.1 General. Opening protectives required by other sections
of this code shall comply with the provisions of this section.

715.2 Fire-resistance-rated glazing. Labeled fire-resis-
tance-rated glazing tested as part of a fire-resistance-rated wall
assembly in accordance with ASTM E 119 shall not be
required to comply with this section.

715.3 Alternative methods for determining fire protection
ratings. The application of any of the alternative methods
listed in this section shall be based on the fire exposure and
acceptance criteria specified in NFPA 252 or NFPA 257. The
required fire resistance of an opening protective shall be per-
mitted to be established by any of the following methods or
procedures:

1. Designs documented in approved sources.

2. Calculations performed in an approved manner.

3. Engineering analysis based on a comparison of opening
protective designs having fire-protection ratings as de-
termined by the test procedures set forth in NFPA 252 or
NFPA 257.

4. Alternative protection methods as allowed by Section
104.11.

715.4 Fire door and shutter assemblies. Approved fire door
and fire shutter assemblies shall be constructed of any material
or assembly of component materials that conforms to the test
requirements of Section 715.4.1, 715.4.2 or 715.4.3 and the
fire-protection rating indicated in Table 715.4. Fire door
assembUes and shutters shall be installed in accordance with
the provisions of this section and NFPA 80.

Exceptions:

1 . Labeled protective assemblies that conform to the re-
quirements of this section or UL 10 A, UL 14B and
UL 14C for tin-clad fire door assemblies.

2. Floor fire door assemblies in accordance with Section
711.8.

TABLE 715.4
FIRE DOOR AND FIRE SHUTTER FIRE PROTECTION RATINGS

TYPE OF ASSEMBLY

REQUIRED ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)

MINIMUM FIRE DOOR AND FIRE
SHUTTER ASSEMBLY RATING (hours)

Fire walls and fire barriers having a required fire-resistance
rating greater than 1 hour

IV,

3
3^
IV2
IV,

Fire barriers having a required fire-resistance rating of 1 hour:
Shaft, exit enclosure and exit passageway walls
Other fire barriers

1
1

Fire partitions:
Corridor walls

Other fire partitions

1
0.5

Va^
V,

Exterior walls

3
2
1

IV,
IV2

Smoke barriers

V,"

a. Two doors, each with a fire protection rating of 1 V, hours, installed on opposite sides of the same opening in a iire wall, shall be deemed equivalent in fire protection
rating to one 3-hour fire door.

b. For testing requirements, see Section 715.4.3.

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715.4.1 Side-hinged or pivoted swinging doors.

Side-hinged and pivoted swinging doors shall be tested in
accordance with NFPA 252 or UL IOC. After 5 minutes into
the NFPA 252 test, the neutral pressure level in the furnace
shall be established at 40 inches (1016 mm) or less above the
siU.

715.4.2 Other types of doors. Other types of doors, includ-
ing swinging elevator doors, shall be tested in accordance
with NFPA 252 or UL 1 OB . The pressure in the furnace shall
be maintained as nearly equal to the atmospheric pressure as
possible. Once estabUshed, the pressure shall be maintained
during the entire test period.

715.4.3 Door assemblies in corridors and smoke barri-
ers. Fire door assemblies required to have a minimum &e
protection rating of 20 minutes where located in corridor
walls or smoke-barrier walls having a fu:e-resistance rating
in accordance with Table 7 1 5.4 shall be tested in accordance
with NFPA 252 or UL IOC without the hose stream test.

Exceptions:

1 . Viewports that require a hole not larger than 1 inch
(25 mm) in diameter through the door, have at least
a 0.25-inch-thick (6.4 nun) glass disc and the
holder is of metal that will not melt out where sub-
ject to temperatures of 1,700°F (927°C).

2. Corridor door assemblies in occupancies of Group
1-2 shall be in accordance with Section 407.3.1.

3. Unprotected openings shall be permitted for corri-
dors in multitheater complexes where each motion
picture auditorium has at least one-half of its re-
quired exit or exit access doorways opening di-
rectly to the exterior or into an exit passageway.

4. Cell or room doors in Group 1-3 occupancies
which open into a required exit corridor within a
cell complex.

715.4.3.1 Smoke and draft control. Fire door assem-
blies shall also meet the requirements for a smoke and
draft control door assembly tested in accordance with
UL 1784. Louvers shall be prohibited. Installation of
smoke doors shall be in accordance with NFPA 105.

715.4.3.2 Glazing in door assemblies. In a 20-niinute
fire door assembly, the glazing material in the door itself
shall have a minimum fire-protection rating of 20 min-
utes and shall be exempt from the hose stream test. Glaz-
ing material in any other part of the door assembly,
including transom lites and sidelites, shall be tested in
accordance with NFPA 257, including the hose stream
test, in accordance with Section 715.5.

715.4.4 Doors in exit enclosures and exit passageways.

Fire door assemblies in exit enclosures and exit passage-
ways shall have a maximum transmitted temperature end
point of not more than 450°F (250° C) above ambient at the
end of 30 minutes of standard fire test exposure.

Exception: The maximum transmitted temperature rise
is not limited in buildings equipped throughout with an

automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

715.4.4.1 Glazing in doors. Fire-protection-rated glaz-
ing in excess of 100 square inches (0.065 m^) shall be
permitted in fire door assemblies when tested in accor-
dance with NFPA 252 as components of the door assem-
blies and not as glass lights, and shall have a maximum
transmitted temperature rise of 450°F (250°C) in accor-
dance with Section 715.4.4.

Exception: The maximum transmitted temperature
end point is not required in buildings equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system
installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or
903.3.1.2.

715.4.5 Labeled protective assemblies. Fire door assem-
blies shall be labeled by an approved agency. The labels
shall comply with NFPA 80, and shall be permanently
affixed to the door or frame.

715.4.5.1 Fire door labeling requirements. Fire doors
shall be labeled showing the name of the manufacturer,
the name of the third-party inspection agency, the fire
protection rating and, where required for fire doors in
exit enclosures and exit passageways by Section 7 1 5.4.4,
the maximum transmitted temperature end point. Smoke
and draft control doors complying with UL 1784 shall be
labeled as such. Labels shall be approved and perma-
nently affixed. The label shall be applied at the factory or
location where fabrication and assembly are performed.

Exception: In Group 1-3 doors, which are required to
be 45 minutes or higher, shall be fire-rated assemblies
or certified by the manufacturer as being equivalent
to the required standard.

715.4.5.2 Oversized doors. Oversized fire doors shall
bear an oversized fire door label by an approved agency
or shall be provided with a certificate of inspection fur-
nished by an approved testing agency. When a certificate
of inspection is furnished by an approved testing agency,
the certificate shall state that the door conforms to the
requirements of design, materials and construction, but
has not been subjected to the fire test.

715.4.5.3 Smoke and draft control door labeling
requirements. Smoke and draft control doors comply-
ing with UL 1784 shall be labeled in accordance with
Section 715.4.5. 1 and shall show the letter "S" on the fire
rating label of the door. This marking shall indicate that
the door and frame assembly are in compUance when
listed or labeled gasketing is also installed.

715.4.5.4 Fire door frame labeling requirements. Fne

door frames shall be labeled showing the names of the
manufacturer and the third-party inspection agency.

715.4.6 Glazing material. Fire-protection-rated glazing
conforming to the opening protection requirements in Sec-
tion 715.4 shall be permitted in fire door assembUes.

715.4.6.1 Size limitations. Wired glass used in fire doors
shall comply with Table 715.5.3. Other fire-protec-

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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tion-rated glazing shall comply with the size limitations
ofNFPASO.

Exceptions:

1. Fire-protection-rated glazing in fire doors lo-
cated in fire walls shall be prohibited except
that where serving as a horizontal exit, a
self-closing swinging door shall be permitted to
have a vision panel of not more than 100 square
inches (0.065 m^) without a dimension exceed-
ing 10 inches (254 mm).

2. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall not be in-
stalled in fire doors having a 1 '^-hour fire pro-
tection rating intended for installation in &e
barriers, unless the glazing is not more than 100
square inches (0.065 m^) in area.

715.4.6.2 Exit and elevator protectives. Approved
fire-protection-rated glazing used in fire door assemblies
in elevator and exit enclosures shall be so located as to
furnish clear vision of the passageway or approach to the
elevator, ramp or stairway.

715.4.6.3 Labeling. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall
bear a label or other identification showing the name of
the manufacturer, the test standard and information
required in Section 715.5.8.1 that shall be issued by an
approved agency and shall be permanently affixed to the
glazing.

715.4.6.3.1 Identification. For fu:e-protection-rated
glazing, the label shall bear the following four-part
identification: "D - H or NH - T or NT - XXX." "D"
indicates that the glazing shall be used in fire door
assemblies and that the glazing meets the fire resis-
tance requirements of the test standard. "H" shall
indicate that the glazing meets the hose stream
requirements of the test standard. "NH" shall indicate
that the glazing does not meet the hose stream require-
ments of the test. "T" shall indicate that the glazing
meets the temperature requirements of Section
715.4.4.1. "NT" shall indicate that the glazing does
not meet the temperature requirements of Section
715.4.4.1. The placeholder "XXX" shall specify the
fire-protection-rating period, in minutes.

715.4.6.4 Safety glazing. Fire-protection-rated glazing
installed in fire doors or fire window assemblies in areas
subject to human impact in hazardous locations shall
comply with Chapter 24.

715.4.7 Door closing. Fire doors shall be self- or automatic
closing in accordance with this section.

Exceptions:

1. Fire doors located in common walls separating
sleeping units in Group R-1 shall be permitted
without automatic- or self-closing devices.

2. The elevator car doors and the associated hoistway
enclosure doors at the floor level designated for re-
call in accordance with Section 3003.2 shall be
permitted to remain open during Phase I emer-
gency recall operation.

715.4.7.1 Latch required. Unless otherwise specifically
permitted, single fire doors and both leaves of pairs of
side-hinged swinging fire doors shall be provided with
an active latch bolt that will secure the door when it is
closed.

715.4.7.2 Automatic-closing fire door assemblies.

Automatic-closing fire door assemblies shall be
self-closing in accordance with NFPA 80.

715.4.7.3 Smoke-activated doors. Automatic-closing
doors installed in the following locations shall be auto-
matic closing by the actuation of smoke detectors
installed in accordance with Section 907. 10 or by loss of
power to the smoke detector or hold-open device. Doors
that are automatic closing by smoke detection shall not
have more than a 10-second delay before the door starts
to close after the smoke detector is actuated:

1. Doors installed across a corridor.

2. Doors that protect openings in exits or corridors
required to be of fire-resistance-rated construc-
tion.

3. Doors that protect openings in walls that are ca-
pable of resisting the passage of smoke in accor-
dance with Section 508.2.2.1.

4. Doors installed in smoke barriers in accordance
with Section 709.5.

5. Doors installed in fire partitions in accordance
with Section 708.6.

6. Doors installed in a fire wall in accordance with
Section 705.8.

7. Doors installed in shaft enclosures in accordance
with Section 707.7.

8. Doors installed in refuse and laundry chutes and
access and termination rooms in accordance with
Section 707.13.

9. Doors installed in the walls for
compartmentation of underground buildings in
accordance with Section 405.4.2.

10. Doors installed in the elevator lobby walls of un-
derground buildings in accordance with Section
405.4.3.

1 1 . Doors installed in smoke partitions in accordance
with Section 710.5.3.

12. [SFM] Doors installed in walls required to be fire
rated in accordance with Section 508.2.2.

13. [SFM] Doors installed in walls required to be fire
rated in accordance with Section 508.3.3.

In Group 1-2 occupancies, smoke-activated doors
installed in the above locations shall be automatic clos-
ing by actuation of the fire alarm system, or actuation of
smoke detectors installed in accordance with Section
907.10 or activation of the sprinkler system installed in
accordance with Section 903.1.

715.4.7.4 Doors in pedestrian vyays. Vertical sUding or
vertical rolling steel frre doors in openings through

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

173

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

which pedestrians travel shall be heat activated or acti-
vated by smoke detectors with alarm verification.

715.4.8 Swinging fire shutters. Where fire shutters of the
swinging type are installed in exterior openings, not less
than one row in every three vertical rows shall be arranged to
be readily opened from the outside, and shall be identified
by distinguishing marks or letters not less than 6 inches (152
mm) high.

715.4.9 Rolling fire shutters. Where fire shutters of the
rolling type are installed, such shutters shall include
approved automatic-closing devices.

715.5 Fire-protection-rated glazing. Glazing in fire window
assemblies shall be fire-protection rated in accordance with
this section and Table 715.5. Glazing in fire door assembUes
shall comply with Section 715.4.6. Fire-protection-rated glaz-
ing shall be tested in accordance with and shall meet the accep-
tance criteria of NFPA 257. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall
also comply with NFPA 80. Openings in nonfire-resis-
tance-rated exterior wall assemblies that require protection in
accordance with Section 704.3, 704.8, 704.9 or 704.10 shall
have a fire-protection rating of not less than V4 hour.

Exceptions:

1. Wired glass in accordance with Section 715.5.3.

2. Fire-protection-rated glazing in 0.5-hour fire-resis-
tance-rated partitions is permitted to have an
0.33-hour fire-protection rating.

TABLE 715.5
FIRE WINDOW ASSEMBLY FIRE PROTECTION RATINGS

TYPE OF ASSEMBLY

REQUIRED ASSEMBLY
RATING (hours)

MINIMUM FIRE

WINDOW

ASSEMBLY RATINg

(hours)

Interior walls:
Fire walls
Fire barriers
Smoke barriers
and fire partitions

All
>1

NP='

Npa

Exterior walls

IV,

Party wall

All

NP = Not Permitted.

a. Not permitted except as specified in Section 715.2.

715.5.1 Testing under positive pressure. NFPA 257 shall
evaluate fire-protection-rated glazing under positive pres-
sure. Within the first 10 minutes of a test, the pressure in the
furnace shall be adjusted so at least two-thirds of the test
specimen is above the neutral pressure plane, and the neutral
pressure plane shall be maintained at that height for the
balance of the test.

715.5.2 Nonsymmetrical glazing systems. Non-symmet-
rical fire-protection-rated glazing systems in fire partitions,
fire barriers or in exterior walls with a fire separation dis-
tance of 5 feet (1524 mm) or less pursuant to Section 704
shall be tested with both faces exposed to the furnace, and
the assigned fire protection rating shall be the shortest dura-

tion obtained from the two tests conducted in compliance
witii NFPA 257.

715.5.3 Wired glass. Steel window frame assembhes of
0.125-inch (3.2 mm) minimum solid section or of not less
than nominal 0.048-inch-thick (1 .2 mm) formed sheet steel
members fabricated by pressing, mitering, riveting, inter-
locking or welding and having provision for glazing with
V4-inch (6.4 mm) wired glass where securely installed in the
building construction and glazed with V4-inch (6.4 mm)
labeled wired glass shall be deemed to meet the require-
ments for a %-hour fire window assembly. Wired glass pan-
els shall conform to the size limitations set forth in Table
715.5.3.

TABLE 715.5.3
LIIUIITING SIZES OF WIRED GLASS PANELS

OPENING FIRE

PROTECTION

RATING

MAXIMUM

AREA

(square inches)

MAXIMUM
HEIGHT
(inches)

MAXIMUM
WIDTH
(inches)

3 hours

iVj-hour doors in
exterior walls

1 and IV2 hours

100

V4hour

1,296

20 minutes

Not Limited

Fire window
assemblies

1,296

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square inch = 645.2 mm^.

715.5.4 Nonwired glass. Glazing other than wired glass in
fire window assemblies shall be fire-protection-rated glaz-
ing installed in accordance with and complying with the size
limitations set forth in NFPA 80.

715.5.5 Installation. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be
in the fixed position or be automatic-closing and shall be
installed in approved frames.

715.5.6 Window muUions. Metal mulhons that exceed a
nominal height of 12 feet (3658 mm) shall be protected with
materials to afford the same fire-resistance rating as
required for the wall construction in which the protective is
located.

715.5.7 Interior fire window assemblies. Fire-protec-
tion-rated glazing used in fire window assemblies located in
fire partitions and fire barriers shall be limited to use in
assemblies with a maximum fire-resistance rating of 1 hour
in accordance with this section.

715.5.7.1 Where permitted. Fire-protection-rated glaz-
ing shall be limited to fire partitions designed in accor-
dance with Section 708 and fu-e barriers utilized in the
apphcations set forth in Sections 706.3.6 and 706.3.8
where the fire-resistance rating does not exceed 1 hour.

715.5.7.2 Size limitations. The total area of windows
shall not exceed 25 percent of the area of a common wall
with any room.

715.5.8 Labeling requirements. Fke-protection-rated
glazing shall bear a label or other identification showing the
name of the manufacturer, the test standard and information

174

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

required in Section 715.5.8.1 that shall be issued by an
approved agency and shall be permanently affixed to the
glazing.

715.5.8.1 Identification. For fire-protection-rated glaz-
ing, the label shall bear the following two-part identifica-
tion: "OH - XXX." "OH" indicates that the glazing meets
both the fire-resistance and the hose-stream require-
ments of NFPA 257 and is permitted to be used in open-
ings. "XXX" represents the fire-protection rating period,
in minutes, that was tested.

SECTION 716
DUCTS AND AIR TRANSFER OPENINGS

716.1 General. The provisions of this section shall govern the
protection of duct penetrations and air transfer openings in
assemblies required to be protected.

716.1.1 Ducts without dampers. Ducts that penetrate
fire-resistance-rated assemblies and are not required by this
section to have dampers shall comply with the requirements
of Section 712.

716.2 Installation. Fire dampers, smoke dampers, combina-
tion fire/smoke dampers and ceiling radiation dampers located
within air distribution and smoke control systems shall be
installed in accordance with the requirements of this section,
the manufacturer's installation instructions and the dampers'
listing.

716.2.1 Smoke control system. Where the installation of a
fire damper will interfere with the operation of a required
smoke control system in accordance with Section 909,
approved alternative protection shall be utilized.

716.2.2 Hazardous exhaust ducts. Fire dampers for haz-
ardous exhaust duct systems shall comply with the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code.

716.3 Damper testing and ratings. Dampers shall be listed
and bear the label of an approved testing agency indicating
compliance with the standards in this section. Fire dampers
shall comply with the requirements of UL 555. Only fire damp-
ers labeled for use in dynamic systems shall be installed in
heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems designed to
operate with fans on during a fire. Smoke dampers shall com-
ply with the requirements of UL 555S. Combination
fire/smoke dampers shall comply with the requirements of both
UL 555 and UL 555S. Ceiling radiation dampers shall comply
with the requirements of UL 555C.

716.3.1 Fire protection rating. Fire dampers shall have the
minimum fire protection rating specified in Table 716.3.1
for the type of penetration.

TABLE 716.3.1
FIRE. DAMPER RATING

TYPE OF
PENETRATION

MINIMUM DAMPER RATING
(hours)

Less than 3-hour fire-resistance-rated
assemblies

1.5

3 -hour or greater fire-resistance-rated
assemblies

716.3.1.1 Fire damper actuating device. The fire
damper actuating device shall meet one of the following
requirements:

1 . The operating temperature shall be approximately
50°F (10°C) above the normal temperature within
the duct system, but not less than 160°F (71°C).

2. The operating temperature shall be not more than
286°F (14rC) where located in a smoke control
system complying with Section 909.

3. Where a combination fire/smoke damper is lo-
cated in a smoke control system complying with
Section 909, the operating temperature rating shall
be approximately 50°F (10°C). above the maxi-
mum smoke control system designed operating
temperature, or a maximum temperature of 350°F
(177°C). The temperature shall not exceed the UL
555S degradation test temperature rating for a
combination fire/smoke damper.

716.3.2 Smoke damper ratings. Smoke damper leakage
ratings shall not be less than Class U. Elevated temperature
ratings shall not be less than 250°F (12rC).

716.3.2.1 Smoke damper actuation methods. The

smoke damper shall close upon actuation of a Usted
smoke detector or detectors installed in accordance with
Section 907.10 and one of the following methods, as
applicable:

1 . Where a damper is installed within a duct, a smoke
detector shall be installed in the duct within 5 feet
(1524 mm) of the damper with no air outlets or in-
lets between the detector and the damper. The de-
tector shall be listed for the air velocity,
temperature and humidity anticipated at the point
where it is installed. Other than in mechanical
smoke control systems, dampers shall be closed
upon fan shutdown where local smoke detectors
require a minimum velocity to operate.

2. Where a damper is installed above smoke barrier
doors in a smoke barrier, a spot-type detector Usted
for releasing service shall be installed on either
side of the smoke barrier door opening.

3. Where a damper is installed within an unducted
opening in a wall, a spot-type detector listed for re-
leasing service shall be installed within 5 feet
(1524 mm) horizontally of the damper.

4. Where a damper is installed in a corridor wall or
ceihng, the damper shall be permitted to be con-
trolled by a smoke detection system installed in the
corridor.

5. Where a total-coverage smoke detector system is
provided within areas served by a heating, ventila-
tion and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, damp-
ers shall be permitted to be controlled by the
smoke detection system.

716.4 Access and identification. Fire and smoke dampers
shall be provided with an approved means of access, which is
large enough to permit inspection and maintenance of the

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

175

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

damper and its operating parts. The access shall not affect the
integrity of fire-resistance-rated assemblies. The access open-
ings shall not reduce the fire-resistance rating of the assembly.
Access points shall be permanently identified on the exterior
by a label having letters not less than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in
height reading: FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER, SMOKE DAMPER
or FIRE DAMPER. Access doors in ducts shall be tight fitting
and suitable for the required duct construction.

716.5 Where required. Fire dampers, smoke dampers, combi-
nation fire/smoke dampers and ceiling radiation dampers shall
be provided at the locations prescribed in Sections 716.5.1
through 716.5.5 and Section 716.6. Where an assembly is
required to have both fire dampers and smoke dampers, combi-
nation fire/smoke dampers or a fire damper and a smoke
damper shall be required.

716.5.1 Fire walls. Ducts and air transfer openings permit-
ted in fire walls in accordance with Section 705. 1 1 shall be
protected with listed fire dampers installed in accordance
with their listing.

716.5.2 Fire barriers. In other than high-rise buildings,
Group A, E, H, I, L and R occupancies and other applica-
tions listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office of the State
Fire Marshal, ducts and air transfer openings that penetrate
fire barriers shall be protected with listed fire dampers
installed in accordance with their listing. Ducts and air
transfer openings shall not penetrate exit enclosures and
exit passageways except as permitted by Sections 1020.1.2
and 1021.5, respectively.

Exception: Fire dampers are not required at penetrations
of fire barriers where any of the following apply:

1. Penetrations are tested in accordance with ASTM
E 119 as part of the fire-resistance rated assembly.

2. Ducts are used as part of an approved smoke con-
trol system in accordance with Section 909 and
where the fire damper would interfere with the op-
eration of the smoke control system.

3. Such walls are penetrated by ducted HVAC sys-
tems, have a required fire-resistance rating of 1
hour or less, are in areas of other than Group H and
are in buildings equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3. 1 . 1 or 903.3. 1 .2. For the purposes of this ex-
ception, a ducted HVAC system shall be a duct sys-
tem for conveying supply, return or exhaust air as
part of the structure's HVAC system. Such a duct
system shall be constructed of sheet steel not less
than 26 gage thickness and shall be continuous
from the air-handling appliance or equipment to
the air outlet and inlet terminals.

For high-rise buildings, Group A, E, H, I, L and R occu-
pancies and other applications listed in Section 111 regu-
lated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal, ducts and air
transfer openings of fire barriers shall be protected with
approved fire and smoke dampers installed in accordance
with their listing. Ducts and air transfer openings shall not

penetrate exit enclosures and exit passageways except as
permitted by Sections 1020.1.2 and 1021.5, respectively.

Exceptions:

1. Fire dampers are not required at penetrations of
fire barriers where penetrations are tested in ac-
cordance with ASTM E 119 as part of the fire-re-
sistance-rated assembly.

2. Fire and smoke dampers are not required where
ducts are used as part of an approved smoke con-
trol system in accordance with Section 909 and
where the use of afire or smoke damper would in-
terfere with the operation of a smoke control sys-
tern.

716.5.3 Shaft enclosures. Shaft enclosures that are permit-
ted to be penetrated by ducts and air transfer openings shall
be protected with listed fire and smoke dampers installed in
accordance with their listing.

Exceptions:

1. Fire dampers are not required at penetrations of
shafts where:

1.1. Steel exhaust subducts are extended at
least 22 inches (559 mm) vertically in ex-
haust shafts, provided there is a continuous
airflow upward to the outside; or

Penetrations are tested in accordance with
ASTM E 119 as part of the fire-resistance
rated assembly; or

Ducts are used as part of an approved
smoke control system in accordance with
Section 909 and where the fire damper will
interfere with the operation of the smoke
control system; or

1.4. The penetrations are in parking garage ex-
haust or supply shafts that are separated
from other building shafts by not less than
2-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.

In Group B and R occupancies, equipped through-
out with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1, smoke dampers are
not required at penetrations of shafts where:

2. 1 . Kitchen, clothes dryer, bathroom and toilet
room exhaust openings are installed with
steel exhaust subducts, having a wall thick-
ness of at least 0.0 19 inch (0.48 mm); and

2.2. That extend at least 22 mches (559 mm)
vertically; and

2.3. An exhaust fan is installed at the upper ter-
minus of the shaft that is, powered continu-
ously in accordance with the provisions of
Section 909. 1 1, so as to maintain a contin-
uous upward airflow to the outside.

Smoke dampers are not required at penetration of
exhaust or supply shafts in parking garages that are

1.2

1.3

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

separated from other building shafts by not less
than 2-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.

4. Smoke dampers are not required at penetrations of
shafts where ducts are used as part of an approved
mechanical smoke control system designed in ac-
cordance with Section 909 and where the smoke
damper will interfere with the operation of the
smoke control system.

716.5.4 Fire partitions. Ducts and air transfer openings
that penetrate fire partitions shall be protected with listed
fire dampers installed in accordance with their listing.

Exceptions: In other than high-rise buildings and in
occupancies other than Group A, E, H, landR and other
applications listedin Section 111 regulated by the Office
of the State Fire Marshal, fire dampers are not required
where any of the following apply:

1. The partitions are tenant separation or corridor
walls in buildings equipped throughout with an au-
tomatic sprinkler system in accordance with Sec-
tion 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and the duct is
protected as a through penetration in accordance
with Section 712.

2. Tenant partitions in covered mall buildings where
the walls are not required by provisions elsewhere
in the code to extend to the underside of the floor or
roof deck above.

3. The duct system is constructed of approved mate-
rials in accordance with the California Mechanical
Code and the duct penetrating the wall complies
with all of the following requirements:

3.1. The duct shall not exceed 100 square
inches (0.06 m^).

3.2. The duct shall be constructed of steel a
minimum of 0.0217 inch (0.55 mm) in
thickness.

3.3. The duct shall not have openings that com-
municate the corridor with adjacent spaces
or rooms.

3 .4. The duct shall be installed above a ceiHng.

3.5. The duct shall not terminate at a wall regis-
ter in the fire-resistance-rated wall.

3.6. A minimum 12-inch-long (305 mm) by
0.060-inch-thick (1.52 mm) steel sleeve
shall be centered in each duct opening. The
sleeve shall be secured to both sides of the
wall and all four sides of the sleeve with
minimum I'/j-inch by IVj-inch by
0.060-inch (38 mm by 38 mm by 1.52 mm)
steel retaining angles. The retaining angles
shall be secured to the sleeve and the wall
with No. 10 (M5) screws. The annular
space between the steel sleeve and the wall
opening shall be filled with mineral wool
batting on all sides.

716.5.4.1 Corridors. In other than high-rise buildings,
Group A, E, H, I, L andR occupancies and other applica-

tions listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office of the
State Fire Marshal, a listed smoke damper designed to
resist the passage of smoke shall be provided at each
point a duct or air transfer opening penetrates a corridor
enclosure required to have smoke and draft doors in
accordance with Section 715.4.3.

Exceptions:

1. Smoke dampers are not required where the
building is equipped throughout with an ap-
proved smoke control system in accordance
with Section 909, and smoke dampers are not
necessary for the operation and control of the
system.

2. Smoke dampers are not required in corridor
penetrations where the duct is constnicted of
steel not less than 0.019 inch (0.48 mm) in
thickness and there are no openings serving the
corridor.

For high-rise buildings, Group A, E, H, I, L and R
occup'ancies and other applications listed in Section 111
regulated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal, a listed
smoke damper designed to resist the passage of smoke
shall also be provided at each point a duct or air transfer
opening penetrates a fire-resistance rated corridor
enclosure required to have smoke and draft doors in
accordance with Section 715.4.3.

Exceptions:

1. Smoke dampers are not required where ducts
are used as part of an approved mechanical
smoke control system designed in accordance
with Section 909 and where the smoke damper
will interfere with the operation of the smoke
control system.

2. Smoke dampers are not required in corridor
penetrations where the duct is constructed of
steel not less than 0.019 inch (0.48 mm) in
thickness and there are no openings serving the
corridor

716.5.5 Smoke barriers. A listed smoke damper designed
to resist the passage of smoke shall be provided at each point
a duct or air transfer opening penetrates a smoke barrier.
Smoke dampers and smoke damper actuation methods shall
comply with Section 716.3.2.1.

Exception: Smoke dampers are not required where the
openings in ducts are limited to a single smoke compart-
ment and the ducts are constructed of steel.

716.6 Horizontal assemblies. Penetrations by ducts and air
transfer openings of a floor, floor/ceiling assembly or the ceil-
ing membrane of a roof/ceiling assembly shall be protected by
a shaft enclosure that complies with Section 707 or shall com-
ply with Sections 716.6.1 through 716.6.3.

716.6.1 Through penetrations. In occupancies other than
Groups 1-2 and 1-3 , a duct constructed of approved materials
in accordance with the California Mechanical Code that
penetrates a fure-resistance-rated floor/ceiling assembly
that connects not more than two stories is permitted without

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

177

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

shaft enclosure protection, provided a listed fire damper is
installed at the floor line or the duct is protected in accor-
dance with Section 712.4. For air transfer openings, see
Exception 7 to Section 707.2.

Exception: A duct is permitted to penetrate three floors
or less without a fire damper at each floor, provided it
meets all of the following requirements:

1. The duct shall be contained and located within the
cavity of a wall and shall be constructed of steel not
less than 0.019 inch (0.48 mm) (26 gage) in thick-
ness.

2. The duct shaU open into only one dwelling or
sleeping unit and the duct system shall be continu-
ous from the unit to the exterior of the building.

3. The duct shall not exceed 4-inch (102 mm) nomi-
nal diameter and the total area of such ducts shall
not exceed 100 square inches (0.065 m^) in any
100 square feet (9.3 m^) of floor area.

4. The annular space around the duct is protected
with materials that prevent the passage of flame
and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste
where subjected to ASTM E 1 19 time-temperature
conditions under a minimum positive pressure dif-
ferential of 0.0 1 inch (2.49 Pa) of water at the loca-
tion of the penetration for the time period
equivalent to the fire-resistance rating of the
construction penetrated.

5. Grille openings located in a ceiling of a fire-resis-
tance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly
shall be protected with a listed ceiling radiation
damper installed in accordance with Section
716.6.2.1.

716.6.2 Membrane penetrations. Ducts and air transfer
openings constructed of approved materials in accordance
with the California Mechanical Code that penetrate the ceil-
ing membrane of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceihng or
roof/ceiling assembly shall be protected with one of the
following:

1. A shaft enclosure in accordance with Section 707.

2. A listed ceiling radiation damper installed at the ceil-
ing line where a duct penetrates the ceiling of a
fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling
assembly.

3. A listed ceiling radiation damper installed at the ceil-
ing line where a diffuser with no duct attached pene-
trates the ceiling of a fire-resistance-rated
floor/ceiling or roof/ceiUng assembly.

716.6.2.1 Ceiling radiation dampers. Ceiling radiation
dampers shall be tested in accordance with UL 555C and
instdled in accordance with the manufacturer's installa-
tion instructions and listing. CeiUng radiation dampers
are not required where either of the following applies:

1 . Tests in accordance with ASTM E 1 1 9 have shown
that ceiling radiation dampers are not necessary in
order to maintain the fire-resistance rating of the
assembly.

2. Where exhaust duct penetrations are protected in
accordance with Section 712.4.1.2, are located
within the cavity of a wall and do not pass through
another dwelling unit or tenant space.

716.6.3 Nonfire-resistance-rated floor assemblies. Duct
systems constructed of approved materials in accordance
with the California Mechanical Code that penetrate
nonfire-resistance-rated floor assemblies shall be protected
by any of the following methods:

1. A shaft enclosure in accordance with Section 707.

2. The duct connects not more than two stories, the an-
nular space around the penetrating duct is protected
with an approved noncombustible material that resists
the free passage of flame and the products of
combustion.

3. The duct connects not more than three stories, the an-
nular space around the penetrating duct is protected
with an approved noncombustible material that resists
the free passage of flame and the products of combus-
tion and a fire damper is installed at each floor line.

Exception: Fire dampers are not required in ducts
within individual residential dwelling units.

716.7 Flexible ducts and air connectors. Flexible ducts and
air connectors shall not pass through any fire-resistance-rated
assembly. Flexible air connectors shall not pass through any
wall, floor or ceiling.

SECTION 717
CONCEALED SPACES

717.1 General. Fireblocking and draftstopping shall be
installed in combustible concealed locations in accordance
with this section. Fireblocking shall comply with Section
717.2. Draftstopping in floor/ceiling spaces and attic spaces
shall comply with Sections 717.3 and 717.4, respectively. The
permitted use of combustible materials in concealed spaces of
buildings of Type I or II constinction shall be limited to the
appUcations indicated in Section 717.5.

717.2 Fireblocldng. In combustible construction, fireblocking
shall be installed to cut off concealed draft openings (both ver-
tical and horizontal) and shall form an effective barrier between
floors, between a top story and a roof or attic space.
Fireblocking shall be installed in the locations specified in Sec-
tions 717.2.2 through 717.2.7.

717.2.1 Fireblocking materials. Fireblocking shall consist
of 2-inch (51 mm) nominal lumber or two thicknesses of
1-inch (25 mm) nominal lumber with broken lap joints or
one thickness of 0.719-inch (18.3 mm) wood structural
panel with joints backed by 0.719-inch (18.3 mm) wood
structural panel or one thickness of 0.75-inch (19 mm)
particleboard with joints backed by 0.75-inch (19 mm)
particleboard. Gypsum board, cement fiber board, batts or
blankets of mineral wool, glass fiber or other approved
materials installed in such a manner as to be securely
retained in place shall be permitted as an acceptable
fireblock. Batts or blankets of mineral or glass fiber or other
approved nonrigid materials shall be permitted for compli-

178

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

ance with the 10-foot (3048 mm) horizontal fireblocking in
walls constructed using parallel rows of studs or staggered
studs. Loose-fill insulation material shall not be used as a
fireblock unless specifically tested in the form and manner
intended for use to demonstrate its ability to remain in place
and to retard the spread of fire and hot gases. The integrity of
fireblocks shall be maintained.

717.2.1.1 Double stud walls. Batts or blankets of min-
eral or glass fiber or other approved nonrigid materials
shall be allowed as fireblocking in walls constructed
using parallel rows of studs or staggered studs.

717.2.2 Concealed wall spaces. Fireblocking shall be pro-
vided in concealed spaces of stud walls and partitions,
including furred spaces, and parallel rows of studs or stag-
gered studs, as follows:

1. Vertically at the ceiling and floor levels.

2. Horizontally at intervals not exceeding 10 feet (3048
nam).

717.2.3 Connections between horizontal and vertical
spaces. Fireblocking shall be provided at interconnections
between concealed vertical stud wall or partition spaces and
concealed horizontal spaces created by an assembly of floor
joists or trusses, and between concealed vertical and hori-
zontal spaces such as occur at soffits, drop ceilings, cove
ceilings and similar locations.

717.2.4 Stairways. Fireblocking shall be provided in con-
cealed spaces between stair stringers at the top and bottom
of the run. Enclosed spaces under stairs shall also comply
with Section 1009.5.3.

717.2.5 Ceiling and floor openings. Where annular space
protection is provided in accordance with Exception 6 of
Section 707.2, Exception 1 of Section 712.4.1.2, or Section
712.4.2, fireblocking shall be installed at openings around
vents, pipes, ducts, chimneys and fireplaces at ceiling and
floor levels, with an approved material to resist the free pas-
sage of flame and the products of combustion. Factory-built
chimneys and fireplaces shall be fireblocked in accordance
with UL 103 and UL 127.

717.2.6 Architectural trim. Fireblocking shall be installed
within concealed spaces of exterior wall finish and other
exterior architectural elements where permitted to be of
combustible consti^uction as specified in Section 1406 or
where erected with combustible frames, at maximum inter-
vals of 20 feet (6096 mm), so that there will be no open
space exceeding 100 square feet (9.3 m^). Where wood fur-
ling strips are used, they shall be of approved wood of natu-
ral decay resistance or preservative-treated wood. If
noncontinuous, such elements shall have closed ends, with
at least4 inches (102 mm) of separation between sections.

Exceptions:

1. Fireblocking of cornices is not required in sin-
gle-family dwellings. Fireblocking of cornices of a
two-family dwelling is required only at the line of
dwelling unit separation.

2. Fireblocking shall not be required where installed
on noncombustible framing and the face of the ex-
terior wall finish exposed to the concealed space is
covered by one of the following materials:

2. 1 . Aluminum having a minimum thickness of
0.019 inch (0.5 mm).

2.2. Corrosion-resistant steel having a base
metal thickness not less than 0.016 inch
(0.4 mm) at any point.

2.3. Other approved noncombustible materials.

717.2.7 Concealed sleeper spaces. Where wood sleepers
are used for laying wood flooring on masonry or concrete
fire-resistance-rated floors, the space between the floor slab
and the underside of the wood flooring shall be filled with an
approved material to resist the free passage of flame and
products of combustion or fireblocked in such a manner that
there will be no open spaces under the flooring that will
exceed 100 square feet (9.3 m^) in area and such space shall
be filled solidly under permanent partitions so that there is
no communication under the flooring between adjoining
rooms.

Exceptions:

1. Fireblocking is not required for slab-on-grade
floors in gymnasiums.

2. Fireblocking is required only at the juncture of
each alternate lane and at the ends of each lane in a
bowling facility.

717.3 Draftstopping in floors. In combustible construction,
draftstopping shall be installed to subdivide floor/ceiling
assembUes in the locations prescribed in Sections 717.3.2
through 717.3.3.

717.3.1 Draftstopping materials. Draftstopping materials
shall not be less than 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board,
0.375-inch (9.5 mm) wood structural panel, 0.375-inch (9.5
mm) particleboard, 1-inch (25-mm) nominal lumber,
cement fiberboard, batts or blankets of mineral wool or
glass fiber, or other approved materials adequately sup-
ported. The integrity of draftstops shall be maintained.

717.3.2 Groups R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4. Draftstopping
shall be provided in floor/ceiling spaces in Group R- 1 build-
ings, in Group R-2 buildings with three or more dwelling
units, in Group R-3 buildings with two dwelling units and in
Group R-4 buildings. Draftstopping shall be located above
and in line with the dwelling unit and sleeping unit separa-
tions.

Exceptions:

1. Draftstopping is not required in buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

2. Draftstopping is not required in buildings
equipped titiroughout with an automatic sprinlder
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2, pro-
vided that automatic sprinklers are also installed in
the combustible concealed spaces.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

179

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

717.3.3 Other groups. In other groups, draftstopping shall
be installed so that horizontal floor areas do not exceed
1,000 square feet (93 m^).

Exceptions:

1 . In other than high-rise buildings, Group A, E, H, I
andL occupancies and other applications listed in
Section 111 regulated by the Office of the State Fire
Marshal, Jraftstopping is not required in buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

2. In high-rise buildings. Group A, E, H, I and L oc-
cupancies and other applications listed in Section
111 regulated by the Office of the State Fire Mar-
shal, where an automatic sprinkler system in ac-
cordance with Section 903.3 J.l is installed, the
area between draft stops may be 3,000 square feet
(279 rr?) and the greatest horizontal dimension
may be 100 feet (30 480 mm).

Ill A Draftstopping in attics. In combustible construction,
draftstopping shall be installed to subdivide attic spaces and
concealed roof spaces in the locations prescribed in Sections
717.4.2 and 717.4.3. Ventilation of concealed roof spaces shall
be maintained in accordance with Section 1203.2.

717.4.1 Draftstopping materials. Materials utiUzed for
draftstopping of attic spaces shall comply with Section
717.3.1.

717.4.1.1 Openings. Openings in the partitions shall be
protected by self-closing doors with automatic latches
constructed as required for the partitions.

717.4.2 Groups R-1 and R-2. Draftstopping shall be pro-
vided in attics, mansards, overhangs or other concealed roof
spaces of Group R-2 buildings with three or more dwelUng
units and in all Group R-1 buildings. Draftstopping shall be
installed above, and in Une with, sleeping unit and dwelling
unit separation walls that do not extend to the underside of
the roof sheathing above.

Exceptions:

1. Where corridor waUs provide a sleeping unit or
dwelling unit separation, draftstopping shall only
be required above one of the corridor walls.

2. Draftstopping is not required in buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

3. In occupancies in Group R-2 that do not exceed
four stories in height, the attic space shall be subdi-
vided by draftstops into areas not exceeding 3,000
square feet (279 m^) or above every two dwelUng
units, whichever is smaller.

4. Draftstopping is not required in buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2, pro-
vided that automatic sprinklers are also installed in
the combustible concealed spaces.

717.4.3 Other groups. Draftstopping shall be installed in
attics and concealed roof spaces, such that any horizontal
area does not exceed 3,000 square feet (279 m^).

Exceptions:

1. In other than high-rise buildings, Group A, E, H, I
and L occupancies and other applications listed in
Section 111 regulated by the Office of the State Fire
Marshal, draftstopping is not required in buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

2. In high-rise buildings. Group A, E, H, land L oc-
cupancies and other applications listed in Section
111 regulated by the Office of the State Fire Mar-
shal, where an automatic sprinkler system in ac-
cordance with Section 903.3.1.1 is installed, the
area between draft stops may be 9,000 square feet
(836 m^) and the greatest horizontal dimension
may be 100 feet (30 480 mm).

717.5 Combustible materials in concealed spaces in Type I
or n construction. Combustible materials shall not be permit-
ted in concealed spaces of buildings of TVpe I or II
construction.

Exceptions:

1. Combustible materials in accordance with Section
603.

2. Combustible materials exposed within plenums com-
plying with Section 602 of the California Mechanical
Code.

3. Class A interior finish materials classified in accor-
dance with Section 803.

4. Combustible piping within partitions or shaft enclo-
sures installed in accordance with the provisions of
this code.

5. Combustible piping within concealed ceiling spaces
installed in accordance with the California Mechani-
cal Code and tiie California Plumbing Code.

6. Combustible insulation and covering on pipe and tub-
ing, installed in concealed spaces other than plenums,
complying with Section 719.7.

7. Complying with Section 719.7.

SECTION 718

FIRE-RESISTANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR

PLASTER

718.1 Thickness of plaster., The minimum thickness of gyp-
sum plaster or portland cement plaster used in a fire-resis-
tance-rated system shall be determined by the prescribed fire
tests. The plaster thickness shall be measured from the face of
the lath where applied to gypsum lath or metal lath.

718.2 Plaster equivalents. For fire-resistance purposes, 0.5
inch (12.7 mm) of unsanded gypsum plaster shall be deemed
equivalent to 0.75 inch (19. 1 mm) of one-to-three gypsum sand
plaster or 1 inch (25 mm) of pordand cement sand plaster.

180

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

718.3 Noncombustible furring. In buildings of Type I and 11
construction, plaster shall be applied directly on concrete or
masonry or on approved noncombustible plastering base and
furring.

718.4 Double reinforcement. Plaster protection more than 1
inch (25 mm) in thickness shall be reinforced with an addi-
tional layer of approved lath embedded at least 0.75 inch (19.1
mm) from the outer surface and fixed securely in place.

Exception: SoHd plaster partitions or where otherwise
determined by fire tests.

718.5 Plaster alternatives for concrete. In reinforced con-
crete construction, gypsum plaster or portland cement plaster is
permitted to be substituted for 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of the
required poured concrete protection, except that a minimum
thickness of 0.375 inch (9.5 mm) of poured concrete shall be
provided in reinforced concrete floors and 1 inch (25 mm) in
reinforced concrete columns in addition to the plaster finish.
The concrete base shall be prepared in accordance with Section
2510.7.

SECTION 719
THERMAL- AND SOUND-INSULATING MATERIALS

719.1 General. Insulating materials, including facings such as
vapor retarders and vapor-permeable membranes, similar cov-
erings, and all layers of single and multilayer reflective foil
insulations, shall comply with the requirements of this section.
Where a flame spread index or a smoke-developed index is
specified in this section, such index shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM E 84. Any material that is subject to an
increase in flame spread index or smoke-developed index
beyond the limits herein established through the effects of age,
moisture, or other atmospheric conditions shall not be
permitted.

Exceptions:

1 . Fiberboard insulation shall comply with Chapter 23 .

2. Foam plastic insulation shall comply with Chapter 26.

3. Duct and pipe insulation and duct and pipe coverings
and linings in plenums shall comply with the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code.

719.2 Concealed installation. Insulating materials, where
concealed as installed in buildings of any type of construction,
shall have a flame spread index of not more than 25 and a
smoke-developed index of not more than 450.

Exception: Cellulose loose-fill insulation that is not spray
applied, complying with the requirements of Section 719.6,
shall only be required to meet the smoke-developed index of
not more than 450.

719.2.1 Facings. Where such materials are installed in con-
cealed spaces in buildings of Type III, IV or V consti-uction,
the flame spread and smoke-developed limitations do not
apply to facings, coverings, and layers of reflective foil
insulation that are installed behind and in substantial contact

with the unexposed surface of the ceihng, wall or floor
finish.

719.3 Exposed installation. Insulating materials, where
exposed as installed in buildings of any type of construction,
shall have a flame spread index of not more than 25 and a
smoke-developed index of not more than 450.

Exception: Cellulose loose-fill insulation that is not spray
applied complying with the requirements of Section 719.6
shall only be required to meet the smoke-developed index of
not more than 450.

719.3.1 Attic floors. Exposed insulation materials installed
on attic floors shall have a critical radiant flux of not less
than 0.12 watt per square centimeter when tested in accor-
dance with ASTM E 970.

719.4 Loose-fill insulation. Loose-fill insulation materials
that cannot be mounted in the ASTM E 84 apparatus without a
screen or artificial supports shall comply with the flame spread
and smoke-developed limits of Sections 719.2 and 719.3 when
tested in accordance with CAN/ULC S 102.2.

Exception: Cellulose loose-fill insulation shall not be
required to comply with the flame spread index requirement
of CAN/ULC S 102.2, provided such insulation complies
with the requirements of Section 719.6.

719.5 Roof insulation. The use of combustible roof insulation
not complying with Sections 719.2 and 719.3 shall be permit-
ted in any type of construction provided it is covered with
approved roof coverings directly apphed thereto.

719.6 Cellulose loose-fill insulation. Cellulose loose-fill insu-
lation shall comply with CPSC 16 CFR, Part 1209 and CPSC
16 CFR, Part 1404. Each package of such insulating material
shall be clearly labeled in accordance with CPSC 16 CFR, Part
1209 and CPSC 16 CFR, Part 1404.

719.7 Insulation and covering on pipe and tubing. Insula-
tion and covering on pipe and tubing shall have a flame spread
index of not more than 25 and a smoke-developed index of not
more than 450.

Exception: Insulation and covering on pipe and tubing
installed in plenums shall comply with the California
Mechanical Code.

SECTION 720
PRESCRIPTIVE FIRE RESISTANCE

720.1 General. The provisions of this section contain prescrip-
tive details of fire-resistance-rated building elements. The
materials of construction listed in Tables 720.1(1), 720.1(2),
and 720.1(3) shall be assumed to have the fire-resistance rat-
ings prescribed therein. Where materials that change the capac-
ity for heat dissipation are incorporated into a
fire-resistance-rated assembly, fire test results or other substan-
tiating data shall be made available to the building official to
show that the required fire-resistance-rating time period is not
reduced.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

181

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(1)

MINIMUIVI PROTECTION OF STRUCTURAL PARTS BASED ON TIME PERIODS

FOR VARIOUS NONCOMBUSTIBLE INSULATING MATERIALS"

STRUCTURAL
PARTS TO BE
PROTECTED

ITEM
NUMBER

INSULATING MATERIAL USED

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF

INSULATING MATERIAL

FOR THE FOLLOWING

FIRE-RESISTANCE

PERIODS (inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

hour

1. Steel columns
and all of primary
trusses

1-1.1

1-1.2

1-1.3

1-1.4

1-1.5

1-1.6

1-.2.1

1-3.1

1-3.2

1-3.3

1-3.4

1-4.1

1-5.1

1-6.1

1-6.2

1-6.3

1-6.4

Carbonate, lightweight and sand-Hghtweight aggregate concrete, members 6" x 6" or
greater (not including sandstone, granite and siliceous gravel)."

2V,

IV,

Carbonate, lightweight and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete, members 8" x 8" or
greater (not including sandstone, granite and siliceous gravel)."

IV,

Carbonate, lightweight and sand-Ughtweight aggregate concrete, members
12" X 12" or greater (not including sandstone, granite and siliceous gravel)."

IV,

Siliceous aggregate concrete and concrete excluded in Item 1-1.1, members 6" x
6"or greater."

IV,

Siliceous aggregate concrete and concrete excluded in Item 1-1.1, members 8" x 8"
or greater."

2V,

SiUceous aggregate concrete and concrete excluded in Item 1-1.1, members
12" X 12" or greater."

Clay or shale brick with brick and mortar fill."

4" hoUow clay tile in two 2" layers; V2" mortar between tUe and column; Vg" metal
mesh 0.046" wire diameter in horizontal joints; tile fill."

2" hollow clay tile; V/ mortar between tile and column; %" metal mesh 0.046" wire
diameter in horizontal joints; limestone concrete fill;" plastered with V^" gypsum
plaster.

2" hoUow clay tile with outside wire ties 0.08" diameter at each course of tile or Vg"
metal mesh 0.046" diameter wire in horizontal joints; limestone or trap-rock
concrete fill" extending 1" outside column on all sides.

2" hoUow clay tile with outside wire ties 0.08" diameter at each course of tile with or
without concrete fill; V4" mortar between tile and column.

Cement plaster over metal lath wire tied to ^Z/ cold-rolled vertical channels with
0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties spaced 3" to 6" on center. Plaster mixed
1:2 V2 by volume, cement to sand.

2%"

Vermiculite concrete, 1:4 mix by volume over paperbacked wire fabric lath wrapped
directly around column with additional 2" x 2" 0.065"/0.065" (No. 16/16 B.W. gage)
wire fabric placed V4" from outer concrete surface. Wire fabric tied with 0.049" (No.
18 B.W. gage) wire spaced 6" on center for inner layer and 2" on center for outer
layer.

Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster over metal lath wrapped around column and
furred 1 V4" from column flanges. Sheets lapped at ends and tied at 6" intervals with
0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) tie wire. Plaster pushed through to flanges.

IV,

Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster over self-furring metal lath wrapped directly
around column, lapped 1" and tied at 6" intervals with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage)
wire.

I'L

1V«

Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster on metal lath applied to %" cold-rolled
channels spaced 24" apart vertically and wrapped flatwise around column.

IV,

Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster over two layers of Vj" plain full-length gypsum
lath applied tight to column flanges. Lath wrapped with 1" hexagonal mesh of No.
20 gage wire and tied with doubled 0.035" diameter (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties
spaced 23" on center. For three-coat work, the plaster mix for the second coat shall
not exceed 100 pounds of gypsum to 2V2 cubic feet of aggregate for the 3-hour
system.

2V,

(continued)

182

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(1)— continued

MINIMUM PROTECTION OF STRUCTURAL PARTS BASED ON TIME PERIODS

FOR VARIOUS NONCOMBUSTIBLE INSULATING MATERIALS'"

STRUCTURAL
PARTS TO BE
PROTECTED

ITEM
NUMBER

INSULATING MATERIAL USED

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF

INSULATING MATERIAL

FOR THE FOLLOWING

FIRE-RESISTANCE

PERIODS (inches)

hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

1. Steel columns
and all of primary
trusses
(continued)

1-6.5

Perlite or vermiculate gypsum plaster over one layer of V2" plain full-length gypsum
lath applied tight to column flanges. Lath tied with doubled 0.049" (No. 18 B.W.
gage) wire ties spaced 23" on center and scratch coat wrapped with 1" hexagonal
mesh 0.035" (No. 20 B.W. gage) wire fabric. For three-coat work, the plaster mix for
the second coat shall not exceed 100 pounds of gypsum to 2V2 cubic feet of
aggregate.

1-7.1

1-7.2

1-7.3

1-8.1

Multiple layers of Vj" gypsum wallboard"^ adhesively'' secured to column flanges and
successive layers. Wallboard applied without horizontal joints. Corner edges of each
layer staggered. Wallboard layer below outer layer secured to column with doubled
0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) steel wire ties spaced 15" on center. Exposed corners
taped and treated.

Three layers of Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard"^. First and second layer held in place
by Vg" diameter by 1%" long ring shank nails with V^" diameter heads spaced 24"
on center at comers. Middle layer also secured with metal straps at mid-height and
18" from each end, and by metal comer bead at each comer held by the metal straps.
Third layer attached to comer bead with 1" long gypsum wallboard screws spaced
12"on center.

Three layers of Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard,"^ each layer screw attached to 1%"
steel studs 0.018" thick (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage) at each comer of column.
Middle layer also secured with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W.gage) double-strand steel wire
ties, 24" on center. Screws are No. 6 by 1" spaced 24" on center for inner layer, No.
6 by iVg" spaced 12" on center for middle layer and No. 8 by 2V4" spaced 12" on
center for outer layer.

1-9.1

Wood-fibered gypsum plaster mixed 1:1 by weight gypsum-to-sand aggregate
applied over metal lath. Lath lapped 1" and tied 6" on center at all end, edges and
spacers with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) steel tie wires. Lath applied over V2" spacers
made of %" furring channel with 2" legs bent around each comer. Spacers located 1"
from top and bottom of member and a maximum of 40"on center and wire tied with
a single strand of 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) steel tie wires. Comer bead tied to the
lath at 6" on center along each comer to provide plaster thickness.

Minimum W8x35 wide flaijge steel column (w/d > 0.75) with each web cavity filled
even with the flange tip with normal weight carbonate or siUceous aggregate
concrete (3,000 psi minimum compressive strength with 145 pcf ± 3 pcf unit
weight). Reinforce the concrete in each web cavity with a minimum No. 4 deformed
reinforcing bar installed vertically and centered in the cavity, and secured to the
column web with a minimum No. 2 horizontal deformed reinforcing bar welded to
the web every 18" on center vertically. As an alternative to the No. 4 rebar,%"
diameter by 3" long headed studs, spaced at 12" on center vertically, shall be welded
on each side of the web midway between the column flanges.

IV.

See

Note

2-1.1

2. Webs or
flanges of
steel beams and
girders

Carbonate, lightweight and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete (not including
sandstone, granite and siliceous gravel) with 3" or finer metal mesh placed 1" from
the finished surface anchored to the top flange and providing not less than 0.025
square inch of steel area per foot in each direction.

IV,

2-1.2

Siliceous aggregate concrete and concrete excluded in Item 2-1.1 with 3" or finer
metal mesh placed 1" from the finished surface anchored to the top flange and
providing not less than 0.025 square inch of steel area per foot in each direction.

2V,

IV,

2-2.1

Cement plaster on metal lath attached to %" cold-rolled channels with 0.04" (No. 18
B.W. gage) wire ties spaced 3" to 6" on center. Plaster mixed 1:2V2 by volume,
cement to sand.

2V,i>

V«

(continued)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

183

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(1)— continued

MINIMUM PROTECTION OF STRUCTURAL PARTS BASED ON TIME PERIODS

FOR VARIOUS NONCOMBUSTIBLE INSULATING MATERIALS"*

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF

INSULATING MATERIAL

FOR THE FOLLOWING

FIRE-RESISTANCE

STRUCTURAL
PARTS TO BE

PERIODS (inches)

ITEM

PROTECTED

NUMBER

INSULATING MATERIAL USED

hour

Vermiculite gypsum plaster on a metal lath cage, wire tied to 0.165" diameter (No. 8

2-3.1

B.W. gage) steel wire hangers wrapped around beam and spaced 16" on center. Metal
lath ties spaced approximately 5" on center at cage sides and bottom.

—

Two layers of Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard'= are attached to U-shaped brackets

spaced 24" on center. 0.018" thick (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage) 1%" deep by 1"

galvanized steel runner chaimels are first installed parallel to and on each side of the

top beam flange to provide a V/ clearance to the flange. The channel runners are

attached to steel deck or concrete floor construction with approved fasteners spaced

12" on center. U-shaped brackets are formed from members identical to the channel

runners. At the bent portion of the U-shaped bracket, the flanges of the channel are cut

out so that iVg" deep comer channels can be inserted without attachment parallel to

each side of the lower flange.

2-4.1

As an alternate, 0.021" thick (No. 24 carbon sheet steel gage) T'x 2" runner and comer

1'/.

angles may be used in lieu of channels, and the web cutouts in the U-shaped brackets

1 '4

may be omitted. Each angle is attached to the bracket with V2"-long No. 8 self-drilling

2. Webs or flanges

screws. The vertical legs of the U-shaped bracket are attached to the mnners with one

of steel beams and

Vj" long No. 8 self-drilling screw. The completed steel framing provides a l^l{ and

girders

1 V2" space between the inner layer of wallboard and the sides and bottom of the steel

(continued)

beam, respectively. The inner layer of wallboard is attached to the top runners and
bottom corner charmels or comer angles with 1 '//-long No. 6 self-drilling screws
spaced 16" on center. The outer layer of wallboard is applied with 1 V/'-long No. 6
self-drilling screws spaced 8" on center. The bottom comers are reinforced with metal
comer beads.

Three layers of Vj" Type X gypsum wallboard'^ attached to a steel suspension system

as described immediately above utilizing the 0.018" thick (No. 25 carbon sheet steel

gage) 1" X 2" lower comer angles. The framing is located so that a l^'l^' and 2" space

is provided between the inner layer of wallboard and the sides and bottom of the beam.

respectively. The first two layers of wallboard are attached as described immediately

2-4.2

above. A layer of 0.035" thick (No. 20 B.W. gage) 1" hexagonal galvanized wire mesh
is applied under the soffit of the middle layer and up the sides approximately 2". The
mesh is held in position with the No. 6 \^l{'-\cia%, screws installed in the vertical leg of
the bottom corner angles. The outer layer of wallboard is attached with No. 6
2V4"-long screws spaced 8" on center. One screw is also installed at the mid-depth of
the bracket in each layer. Bottom comers are finished as described above.

3. Bonded

Carbonate, lightweight, sand-lightweight and siliceous^ aggregate concrete

2'/,

IV2

pretensioned

Beams or girders

*+"

■^ '2

reinforcement in

3-1.1

prestressed

iVo

concrete^

SoUd slabs'"

-'■ '1

Carbonate, lightweight, sand-lightweight and siliceous' aggregate concrete

Unrestrained members:

—

4-1.1

SoUd slabs'"

—

1V2

4. Bonded or

Beams and girders'

1^/4

unbonded

8" wide

4'/,

l'/2.

post-tensioned

greater than 12" wide

2'/,

tendons in

Carbonate, lightweight, sand-lightweight and siUceous aggregate

prestressed

Restrained members:''

concrete^-'

4-1.2

Solid slabs'"

l'/4

Beams and girders^

8" wide

1^/4

greater than 12" wide

1'/,

{continued)

184

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(1)— continued

MINIMUM PROTECTION OF STRUCTURAL PARTS BASED ON TIME PERIODS

FOR VARIOUS NONCOMBUSTIBLE INSULATING MATERIALS'"

STRUCTURAL
PARTS TO BE
PROTECTED

ITEM
NUMBER

INSULATING MATERIAL USED

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF

INSULATING MATERIAL

FOR THE FOLLOWING

FIRE-RESISTANCE

PERIODS (Inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

5. Reinforcing
steel in reinforced
concrete columns,
beams girders and
trusses

5-1.1

Carbonate, lightweight and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete, members 12" or
larger, square or round. (Size limit does not apply to beams and girders monolithic
with floors.)

Siliceous aggregate concrete, members 12" or larger, square or round. (Size limit
does not apply to beams and giirders monolithic with floors.)

IV,
2

IV2
IV2

6. Reinforcing
steel in reinforced
concrete joists'

6-1.1
6-1.2

Carbonate, lightweight and sand-Hghtweight aggregate concrete.
Siliceous aggregate concrete.

IV4
1%

IV4
IV,

7. Reinforcing
and tie rods in
floor and roof
slabs'

7-1.1
7-1.2

Carbonate, lightweight and sand-hghtweight aggregate concrete.
Siliceous aggregate concrete.

IV4

1
1

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square inch = 645.2 mni^, 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 m^.

a. Reentrant parts of protected members to be filled solidly.

b. Two layers of equal thickness with a%-inch airspace between.

c. For all of the construction with gypsum wallboard described in Table 720. 1(1), gypsum base for veneer plaster of the same size, thickness and core type shall be
permitted to be substituted for gypsum wallboard, provided attachment is identical to that specified for the wallboard and the joints on the face layer are reinforced,
and the entire surface is covered with a minimum of '/15-inch gypsum veneer plaster.

d. An approved adhesive qualified under ASTM E 1 19.

e. Where lightweight or sand-lightweight concrete having an oven-dry weight of 1 10 pounds per cubic foot or less is used, the tabulated minimum cover shall be per-
mitted to be reduced 25 percent, except that in no case shall the cover be less than % inch in slabs or l'/, inches in beams or girders.

f . For solid slabs of siliceous aggregate concrete, increase tendon cover 20 percent.

g. Adequate provisions against spalling shall be provided by U-shaped or hooped stirrups spaced not to exceed the depth of the member with a clear cover of 1 inch,
h. Prestressed slabs shall have a thickness not less than that required in Ihble 720.1(3) for the respective fire resistance time period.

i. Fire coverage and end anchorages shall be as follows: Cover to the prestressing steel at the anchor shall be '/, inch greater than that required away from the anchor.
Minimum cover to steel-bearing plate shall be 1 inch in beams and% inch in slabs.

j. For beam widths between 8 inches and 12 inches, cover thickness shall be permitted to be determined by interpolation.

k. Interior spans of continuous slabs, beams and girders shall be permitted to be considered restrained.

1. For use with concrete slabs having a comparable fire endurance where members are framed into the structure in such a manner as to provide equivalent perfor-
mance to that of monolithic concrete construction.

m. Generic fire-resistance ratings (those not designated as PROPRIETARY* in the Usting) in GA 600 shall be accepted as if herein Usted.

n. No additional insulating material is required on the exposed outside face of the column flange to achieve a 1-hour fire-resistance rating.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

185

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(2)
RATED FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR VARIOUS WALLS AND PARTITIONS =°"

MATERIAL

ITEM
NUMBER

CONSTRUCTION

MINIMUM FINISHED

THICKNESS FACE-TO-FACE''

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

l.Biickof clay or
shale

1-1.1

Solid brick of clay or shale'^

4.9

3.8

2.7

1-1.2

Hollow brick, not filled.

5.0

4.3

3.4

2.3

1-1.3

Hollow brick unit wall, grout or filled with perlite vermiculite or expanded shale
aggregate.

6.6

5.5

4.4

3.0

1-2.1

4" nominal thick units at least 75 percent solid backed with a hat-shaped metal
fiirring channel %" thick formed from 0.021" sheet metal attached to the brick
wall on 24" centers with approved fasteners, and Vj" Type X gypsum wallboard
attached to the metal fiirring strips with l"-long Type S screws spaced 8" on
center.

—

2. Combination of
clay brick and
load-bearing
hollow clay tile

2-1.1

4" solid brick and 4" tile (at least 40 percent solid).

2-1.2

4" solid brick and 8" tile (at least 40 percent solid).

—

3. Concrete
masonry units

3-l.lf'8

Expanded slag or pumice.

4.7

4.0

3.2

2.1

3-1.2f'S

Expanded clay, shale or slate.

5.1

4.4

3.6

2.6

3-1.3f

Limestone, cinders or air-cooled slag.

5.9

5.0

4.0

2.7

3-1. #8

Calcareous or siliceous gravel.

6.2

5.3

4.2

2.8

4. Solid concrete''' '

4-1.1

Siliceous aggregate concrete.

7.0

6.2

5.0

3.5

Carbonate aggregate concrete.

6.6

5.7

4.6

3.2

Sand-lightweight concrete.

5.4

4.6

3.8

2.7

Lightweight concrete.

5.1

4.4

3.6

2.5

5. Glazed or
unglazed facing
tile, nonload-
bearing

5-1.1

One 2" unit cored 15 percent maximum and one 4" unit cored 25 percent
maximum with %" mortar-filled collar joint. Unit positions reversed in alternate
courses.

—

5-1.2

One 2" unit cored 15 percent maximum and one 4" unit cored 40 percent
maximum with %" mortar-filled collar joint. Unit positions side with %" gypsum
plaster. Two wythes tied together every fourth course with No. 22 gage
corrugated metal ties.

—

5-1.3

One unit with three cells in wall thickness, cored 29 percent maximum.

—

5-1.4

One 2" unit cored 22 percent maximum and one 4" unit cored 41 percent
maximum with V4" mortar-filled collar joint. Two wythes tied together every
third course with 0.030" (No. 22 galvanized sheet steel gage) corrugated metal
ties.

—

5-1.5

One 4" unit cored 25 percent maximum with %" gypsum plaster on one side.

—

5-1.6

One 4" unit with two cells in wall thickness, cored 22 percent maximum.

—

5-1.7

One 4" unit cored 30 percent maximum with %" vermiculite gypsum plaster on
one side.

—

4'/2

—

5-1.8

One 4" unit cored 39 percent maximum with %" gypsum plaster on one side.

—

4V,

(continued)

186

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(2)— continued
RATED FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR VARIOUS WALLS AND PARTITIONS

a,o,p

MATERIAL

ITEM
NUMBER

CONSTRUCTION

minimum finished thickness
face-to-face"

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

6. Solid gypsum
plaster

6-1.1

V4" by 0.055" (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) vertical cold-rolled channels,
16" on center with 2.6-pound flat metal lath appKed to one face and tied with
0.049" (No. 18 B.W. Gage) wire at 6" spacing. Gypsum plaster each side mixed
1:2 by weight, gypsum to sand aggregate.

—

6-1.2

V4" by 0.05" (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) cold-rolled channels 16" on center
with metal lath applied to one face and tied with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage)
wire at 6" spacing. Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster each side. For
three-coat work, the plaster mix for the second coat shall not exceed 100 pounds
of gypsum to 2 V2 cubic feet of aggregate for the 1-hour system.

—

21/2^

6-1.3

V4" by 0.055" (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) vertical cold-rolled channels,
16" on center with Vg" gypsum lath applied to one face and attached with sheet
metal clips. Gypsum plaster each side mixed 1:2 by weight, gypsum to sand
aggregate.

—

6-2.1

Studless with V2" full-length plain gypsum lath and gypsum plaster each side.
Plaster mixed 1 : 1 for scratch coat and 1 :2 for brown coat, by weight, gypsum to
sand aggregate.

—

6-2.2

Studless with V2" full-length plain gypsum lath and perlite or vermiculite
gypsum plaster each side.

—

2%^

6-2.3

Studless partition with %" rib metal lath installed vertically adjacent edges tied
6" on center with No. 18 gage wire ties, gypsum plaster each side mixed 1:2 by
weight, gypsum to sand aggregate.

—

7. Solid perlite
and porfland
cement

7-1.1

Perlite mixed in the ratio of 3 cubic feet to 100 pounds of portland cement and
machine applied to stud side of 1 Vj" mesh by 0.058-inch (No. 17 B.W. gage)
paper-backed woven wke fabric lath wire-tied to 4"-deep steel trussed
wirei'studs 16" on center. Wire ties of 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) galvanized
steel wire 6" on center vertically.

—

s'V

—

8. Solid neat
wood fibered
gypsum plaster

8-1.1

V4" by 0.055-inch (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) cold-rolled channels, 12" on
center with 2.5-pound flat metal lath applied to one face and tied with 0.049"
(No. 18 B.W. gage) wire at 6" spacing. Neat gypsum plaster applied each side.

—

9. Solid

wallboard

partition

9-1.1

One full-length layer V2" Type X gypsum wallboard^ laminated to each side of
1" full-length V-edge gypsum coreboard with approved laminating compound.
Vertical joints of face layer and coreboard staggered at least 3".

—

10. Hollow

(studless)

gypsum

wallboard

partition

10-1.1

One full-length layer of %" Type X gypsum wallboard^ attached to both sides of
wood or metal top and bottom runners laminated to each side of l"x 6"
full-length gypsum coreboard ribs spaced 2" on center with approved
laminating compound. Ribs centered at vertical joints of face plies and joints
staggered 24" in opposing faces. Ribs may be recessed 6" from the top and
bottom.

—

21/4'^

10-1.2

1" regular gypsum V-edge full-length backing board attached to both sides of
wood or metal top and bottom runners v/iih nails or iVg" drywall screws at 24"
on center. Minimum width of rumors iVg". Face layer of V2" regular full-length
gypsum wallboard laminated to outer faces of backing board with approved
laminating compound.

—

4^8"

—

(continued)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

187

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(2)— continued
RATED FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR VARIOUS WALLS AND PARTITIONS ="*

MATERIAL

ITEM
NUMBER

CONSTRUCTION

MINIMUM FINISHED

THICKNESS FACE-TO-FACE"

(Inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

11. Noncombustible
studs-interior
partition with plaster
each side

11-1.1

3V4" X 0.044" (No. 18 carbon sheet steel gage) steel studs spaced 24" on center.
Vg" gypsum plaster on metal lath each side mixed 1 :2 by weight, gypsum to
sand aggregate.

—

11-1.2

3%" X 0.055" (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) approved nailable'' studs spaced
24" on center. Vg" neat gypsum wood-fibered plaster each side over %" rib
metal lath nailed to studs with 6d common nails, 8" on center. Nails driven
1'//' and bent over.

—

11-1.3

4" X 0.044" (No. 18 carbon sheet steel gage) channel-shaped steel stods at 16"
on center. On each side approved resiUent clips pressed onto stud flange at 16"
vertical spacing, ^/^" pencil rods snapped into or wire tied onto outer loop of
clips, metal lath wire-tied to pencil rods at 6" intervals, 1" perlite gypsum
plaster, each side.

—

11-1.4

2V2" X 0.044" (No. 18 carbon sheet steel gage) steel studs spaced 16" on center.
Wood fibered gypsum plaster mixed 1:1 by weight gypsum to sand aggregate
applied on V4-pound metal lath wire tied to smds, each side. ^Z/ plaster applied
over each face, including finish coat.

—

4'//

—

12. Wood studs
interior partition
with plaster each
side

12-1. 11. -n

2" X 4" wood studs 16" on center with '/g" gypsum plaster on metal lath. Lath
attached by 4d common nails bent over or No. 14 gage by 1'//' by %" crown
width staples spaced 6" on center. Plaster mixed 1:1 Vjfor scratch coat and 1:3
for brown coat, by weight, gypsum to sand aggregate.

—

5V3

12-1.2'

2" x4" wood studs 16" on center with metal lath and %" neat wood-fibered
gypsum plaster each side. Lath attached by 6d common nails, 7" on center.
Nails driven l'//' and bent over.

—

5'/2''

—

12-1.3'

2" X 4" wood studs 16" on center with%" perforated or plain gypsum lath and
'/a" gypsum plaster each side. Lath nailed with 1 '/g" by No. 13 gage by ^^Z^"
head plasterboard blued nails, 4" on center. Plaster mixed 1:2 by weight,
gypsum to sand aggregate.

—

5V4

12-1.4'

2" X 4" wood studs 16"on center with Vg" Type X gypsum lath and '4" gypsum
plaster each side. Lath nailed with I'/g" by No. 13 gage by '^V' head
plasterboard blued nails, 5" on center. Plaster mixed 1:2 by weight, gypsum to
sand aggregate.

—

5'/4

1 3 .Noncombustible
studs-interior
partition with
gypsum wallboard
each side

13-1.1

0.018" (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage) channel-shaped studs 24" on center
with one full-length layer of %" Type X gypsum wallboard' applied vertically
attached with 1" long No. 6 drywall screws to each stud. Screws are 8" on
center around the perimeter and 12" on center on the intermediate stod. The
wallboard may be applied horizontally when attached to 3%" studs and the
horizontal joints are staggered with those on the opposite side. Screws for the
horizontal application shall be 8" on center at vertical edges and 12" on center
at intermediate studs.

—

13-1.2

0.018" (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage) channel-shaped studs 25" on center
with two full-length layers of '/j" Type X gypsum wallboard' applied vertically
each side. First layer attached with T'-long, No. 6 drywall screws, 8" on center
around the perimeter and 12" on center on the intermediate stud. Second layer
applied with vertical joints offset one stud space from first layer using 1%"
long. No. 6 drywall screws spaced 9" on center along vertical joints, 12" on
center at intermediate studs and 24" on center along top and bottom runners.

—

13-1.3

0.055" (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) approved nailable metal studs' 24" on
center with full-length Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard' apphed vertically and
nailed 7" on center with 6d cement-coated common nails. Approved metal
fastener grips used with nails at vertical butt joints along studs.

—

4'/g

(continued)

188

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(2)— continued
RATED FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR VARIOUS WALLS AND PARTITIONS "•"•p

MATERIAL

ITEM
NUMBER

CONSTRUCTION

MINIMUM FINISHED

THICKNESS FACE-TO-FACE"

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

hour

1
hour

14.Wood
studs-interior
partition with
gypsum wallboard
each side

14-1.1"-™

2" X 4" wood studs 16" on center with two layers of %" regular gypsum
wallboard'^ each side, 4d cooler" or wallboard" nails at 8" on center first layer, 5d
cooler" or wallboard" nails at 8" on center second layer with laminating
compound between layers, joints staggered. First layer applied full length
vertically, second layer applied horizontally or vertically

—

14-1.2'-™

2" X 4" wood studs 16" on center with two layers '/z" regular gypsum wallboard'
applied vertically or horizontally each side'', joints staggered. Nail base layer
with 5d cooler" or wallboard" nails at 8" on center face layer with 8d cooler" or
wallboard" nails at 8 " on center.

—

14-1.3'-™

2" X 4" wood studs 24" on center with %" Type X gypsum wallboard' applied
vertically or horizontally nailed with 6d cooler" or wallboard" nails at 7" on
center with end joints on nailing members. Stagger joints each side.

—

14-1.4'

2" X 4" fire-retardaijt-treated wood studs spaced 24" on center with one layer of
Vg" Type X gypsum'^'wallboard' applied with face paper grain (long dimension)
parallel to studs. Wallboard attached with 6d cooler" or wallboard" nails at 7" on
center.

—

43/4"

14-1.5'-™

2" X 4" wood studs 1" on center with two layers Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard'
each side. Base layers applied vertically and nailed with 6d cooler" or wallboard"
nails at 9" on center. Face layer applied vertically or horizontally and nailed
with 8d cooler" or wallboard" nails at 7" on center. For nail-adhesive application,
base layers are nailed 6" on center. Face layers applied with coating of approved
wallboard adhesive and nailed 12" on center.

—

14-1.6'

2" X 3" fire-retardant-treated wood studs spaced 24" on center with one layer of
Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard' applied with face paper grain (long dimension)
at right angles to studs. Wallboard attached with 6d cement-coated box nails
spaced 7 "on center.

—

3%"

15. Exterior or
interior walls

15-1.1'-™

Exterior surface with 2/4" drop siding over V2" gypsum sheathing on 2" x 4"
wood studs at 16" on center, interior surface treatment as required for
l-hour-rated exterior or interior 2"'x 4" wood stud partitions. Gypsum sheathing
nailed with IV4" by No. 11 gage byVig" head galvanized nails at 8" on center.
Siding nailed with 7d galvanized smooth box nails.

—

Varies

15-1.2'-™

2" X 4" wood studs 16" on center with metal lath and V4" cement plaster on each
side. Lath attached with 6d common nails 7" on center driven to 1" minimum
penetration and bent over. Plaster mix 1:4 for scratch coat and 1:5 for brown
coat, by volume, cement to sand.

—

15-1.3'-™

2" X 4" wood studs 16" on center with '/g" cement plaster (measured from the
face of studs) on the exterior surface with interior surface treatment as required
for interior wood stud partitions in this table. Plaster mix 1:4 for scratch coat and
1:5 for brown coat, by volume, cement to sand.

—

Varies

15-1.4

3Vg" No. 16 gage noncombustible studs 16" on center with %" cement plaster
(measured from the face of the studs) on the exterior surface with interior
surface treatment as required for interior, nonbearing, noncombustible stud
partitions in tliis table. Plaster mix 1:4 for scratch coat and 1:5 for brown coat,
by volume, cement to sand.

—

Vanes'"

(continued)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

189

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(2)— continued
RATED FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR VARIOUS WALLS AND PARTITIONS °'°'P

MATERIAL

ITEM
NUMBER

CONSTRUCTION

MINIMUM FINISHED

THICKNESS FACE-TO-FACE"

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

15-1.5"

2V4" X 3%" clay face brick with cored holes over Vj" gypsum sheathing on
exterior surface of 2" x 4" wood studs at 16" on center and two layers %" Type
X gypsum wallboard^on interior surface. Sheathing placed horizontally or
vertically with vertical joints over studs nailed 6" on center with 1%" x No. 11
gage by '/u" head galvanized nails. Inner layer of wallboard placed horizontally
or vertically and nailed 8"on center with 6d cooler" or wallboard" nails. Outer
layer of wallboard placed horizontally or vertically and nailed 8" on center with
8d cooler" or waUboard" nails. All joints staggered with vertical joints over studs.
Outer layer joints taped and finished with compound. Nail heads covered with
joint compound. 0.035 inch (No. 20 galvanized sheet gage) corrugated
galvanized steel wall ties %" by 6%" attached to each stud with two 8d cooler"
or wallboard" nails every sixth course of bricks.

15-1.6''™

2" X 6" fire-retardant-treated wood studs 16" on center. Interior face has two
layers of %" Type X gypsum with the base layer placed vertically and attached
with 6d box nails 12" on center. The face layer is placed horizontally and
attached with 8d box nails 8" on center at joints and 12" on center elsewhere.
The exterior face has a base layer of %" Type X gypsum sheathing placed
vertically with 6d box nails 8" on center at joints and 12" on center elsewhere.
An approved building paper is next applied, followed by self-furred exterior lath
attached with 2V2", No. 12 gage galvanized roofing nails with a %" diameter
head and spaced 6"on center along each stud. Cement plaster consisting of a V/
brown coat is then applied. The scratch coat is mixed in the proportion of 1:3 by
weight, cement to sand with 10 pounds of hydrated lime and 3 pounds of
approved additives or admixtures per sack of cement. The brown coat is mixed
in the proportion of 1 :4 by weight, cement to sand with the same amounts of
hydrated lime and approved additives or admixtures used in the scratch coat.

8'A

15. Exterior or
interior walls
(continued)

15-1.7''"'

2" X 6" wood studs 16" on center. The exterior face has a layer of %" Type X
gypsum sheathing placed vertically with 6d box nails 8" on center at joints and
12"on center elsewhere. An approved building paper is next applied, followed
by 1" by No. 18 gage self-furred exterior lath attached with 8d by 2V2" long
galvanized roofing nails spaced 6" on center along each stud. Cement plaster
consisting of a V2" scratch coat, a bonding agent and a V2" brown coat and a
finish coat is then applied. The scratch coat is mixed in the proportion of 1 :3 by
weight, cement to sand with 10 pounds of hydrated lime and 3 pounds of
approved additives or admixtures per sack of cement. The brown coat is mixed
in the proportion of 1:4 by weight, cement to sand with the same amounts of
hydrated lime and approved additives or admixtures used in the scratch coat,
liie interior is covered with %" gypsum lath with 1" hexagonal mesh of 0.035
inch (No. 20 B.W. gage) woven wire lath furred out Vje" and 1" perlite or
vermiculite gypsum plaster. Lath nailed with 1 Vg" by No. 13 gage by ^V^" head
plasterboard glued nails spaced 5" on center. Mesh attached by 1%" by No. 12
gage by ^/g" head nails with Vg" furrings, spaced 8" on center. The plaster mix
shall not exceed 100 pounds of gypsum to 2'/, cubic feet of aggregate.

8V,

15-1.8'' ">

2" x6" wood studs 16" on center. The exterior face has a layer of Vg" Type X
gypsum sheathing placed vertically with 6d box nails 8" on center at joints and
12" on center elsewhere. An approved building paper is next applied, followed
by l'/2" by No. 17 gage self-furred exterior lath attached with 8d by 2V2" long
galvanized roofing nails spaced 6" on center along each stud. Cement plaster
consisting of a '/2" scratch coat, and aV2" brown coat is then applied. The plaster
may be placed by machine. The scratch coat is mixed in the proportion of 1:4 by
weight, plastic cement to sand. The brown coat is mixed in the proportion of 1:5
by weight, plastic cement to sand. The interior is covered with %" gypsum lath
with 1" hexagonal mesh of No. 20 gage woven wire lath fiirred out Vig" and 1"
perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster. Lath nailed with 1 Vg" by No. 13 gage
by''/g4" head plasterboard glued nails spaced 5" on center. Mesh attached by
1%" by No. 12 gage by %" head nails with %" furrings, spaced 8" on center.
The plaster mdx shall not exceed 100 pounds of gypsum to 2'/2 cubic feet of
aggregate. ^

8Vg

(continued)

190

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(2)— continued
RATED FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR VARIOUS WALLS AND PARTITIONS °°p

MATERIAL

ITEM
NUMBER

CONSTRUCTION

MINIMUM FINISHED

THICKNESS FACE-TO-FACE"

(Inches)

4 hour 3 hour 2 hour 1 hour

15-1.9

4" No. 18 gage, nonload-bearing metal studs, 16" on center, with 1" portland
cement lime plaster [measured from the back side of the V4-pound expanded
metal lath] on the exterior surface. Interior surface to be covered with 1" of
gypsum plaster on ^-pound expanded metal lath proportioned by weight-l:2 for
scratch coat, 1:3 for brown, gypsum to sand. Lath on one side of the partition
fastened toV4" diameter pencil rods supported by No. 20 gage metal clips,
located 16" on center vertically, on each stud. 3" thick mineral fiber insulating
batts friction fitted between the studs.

15-1.10

Steel studs 0.060" thick, 4" deep or 6" at 16" or 24" centers, with V/ Glass
Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) on the exterior surface. GFRC is attached
with flex anchors at 24" on center, with 5" leg welded to studs with two V2"-long
flare-bevel welds, and 4" foot attached to the GFRC skin with Vg" thick GFRC
bonding pads that extend 2V2" beyond the flex anchor foot on both sides.
Interior surface to have two layers of V2" Type X gypsum wallboard.'The first
layer of wallboard to be attached with T'-long Type S buglehead screws spaced
24" on center and the second layer is attached with lV8"-long Type S screws
spaced at 12" on center. Cavity is to be filled with 5" of 4 pcf (nominal) mineral
fiber batts. GFRC has 1 V2" returns packed with mineral fiber and caulked on the
exterior.

15. Exterior or
interior walls
(continued)

15-1.11

15-1.121

15-1.13'!

15-1.141

15-1.151

15-1.161

Steel studs 0.060" thick, 4" deep or 6" at 16" or 24" centers, respectively, with
V2" Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) on the exterior surface. GFRC is
attached with flex anchors at 24" on center, with 5" leg welded to studs with two
V2"-long flare-bevel welds, and 4" foot attached to the GFRC skin with %"-thick
GFRC bonding pads that extend 2'/2" beyond the flex anchor foot on both sides..
Interior surface to have one layer of %" Type X gypsum wallboard*, attached
with 1 V^-long Type S buglehead screws spaced 12" on center. Cavity is to be
filled with 5" of 4 pcf (nominal) mineral fiber batts. GFRC has 1 Vj" returns
packed with mineral fiber and caulked on the exterior.

2" X 6" wood studs at 16" with double top plates, single bottom plate; interior
and exterior sides covered with Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard, 4 wide, applied
horizontally or vertically with vertical joints over studs, and fastened with 2V4"
Type S drywall screws, spaced 12" on center.

6Vd

6V,

6V«

2" X 6" wood studs at 16" with double top plates, single bottom plate; interior
and exterior sides covered with %" Type X gypsum wallboard, 4 wide, applied
vertically with all joints over framing or blocking and fastened with 2V4" Type S
drywall screws, spaced 12" on center. R-19 fiberglass insulation installed in stud
cavity.

2"x 6" wood studs at 16" with double top plates, single bottom plate; interior
and exterior sides covered with %" Type X gypsum wallboard, 4 wide, applied
horizontally or vertically with vertical joints over studs, and fastened with 2V4"
Type S drywall screws, spaced 7" on center.

2"x 4" wood studs at 16" with double top plates, single bottom plate; interior
and exterior sides covered with Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard and sheathing,
respectively, 4 wide, applied horizontally or vertically with vertical joints over
studs, and fastened with 2V4" Type S drywall screws, spaced 12" on center.
Cavity to be filled with 3 'A" mineral wool insulation.

2"x 6" wood studs at 24" centers with double top plates, single bottom plate;
interior and exterior side covered with two layers of Vg" Type X gypsum
wallboard, 4' wide, aplUed horizontally with vertical joints over studs. Base
layer fastened with 2V4" Type S drywall screws, spaced 8" on center, wallboard
joints covered with paper tape and joint compound, fastened heads covered with
joint coumpound. Cavity to be filled with 5'/," mineral wool insulation.

6^/4

63/4

4V4

4V2

(continued)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

191

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(2)— continued
RATED FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR VARIOUS WALLS AND PARTITIONS =°"

MATERIAL

ITEM
NUMBER

CONSTRUCTION

MINIMUM FINISHED

THICKNESS FACE-TO-FACE"

(inches)

4 hour

3 hour

2 hour

1 hour

16. Exterior walls
rated for fire
resistance from
the inside only in
accordance with
Section 704.5.

16-1.15

2" x4" wood studs at 16" centers with double top plates, single bottom plate;
interior side covered with %" Type X gypsum wallboard, 4 wide, applied
horizontally unblocked, and fastened with 2V4" Type S drywall screws, spaced
12" on center, wallboard joints covered with paper tape and joint compound,
fastener heads covered with joint compound. Exterior- covered with %" wood
structural panels, applied vertically, horizontal joints blocked and fastened with
6d common nails (bright) - 12" on center in the field, and 6" on center panel
edges. Cavity to be filled vyith 3V2" mineral wool insulation. Rating established
for exposure from interior side only.

—

4V2

16-1.25

2" x6" (Slmm x 152 mm) wood studs at 16" centers with double top plates,
single bottom plate; interior side covered with %" Type X gypsum wallboard, 4
wide, applied horizontally or vertically with vertical joints over studs and
fastened with 2^1 ^ Type S drywall screws, spaced 12" on center, wallboard joints
covered with paper tape and joint compound, fastener heads covered with joint
compound, exterior side covered with Vig" wood structaral panels fastened with
6d conmion nails (bright) spacedl2" on center in the field and 6" on center along
the panel edges. Cavity to be filled with 5V2" mineral wool insulation. Rating
established from the gypsum-covered side only.

—

6'/i6

16-1.3

2" x6" wood studs at 16" centers with double top plates, single bottom plates;
interior side covered with %" Type X gypsum waJlboard, 4"-4' wide, appUed
vertically with all joints over framing or blocking and fastened with 2V4" Type S
drywall screws spaced 1" on center. Joints to be covered with tape and joint
compound. Exterior covered with %" wood structural panels (oriented strand
board), applied vertically with edges over framing or blocking and fastened with
6d common nails (bright) at 12" on center in the field and 6" on center on panel
edges. R-19 fiberglass insulation installed in stud cavity.

—

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square inch = 645.2 mn^, 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 m^.

a. Staples with equivalent holding power and penetration shall be permitted to be used as alternate iasteners to nails for attachment to wood framing.

b. Thickness shown for brick and clay tUe is nominal thicknesses unless plastered, in which case thicknesses are net. Thickness shown for concrete masonry and clay
masonry is equivalent thickness defined in Section 721 .3 . 1 for concrete masonry and Section 72 1 .4. 1 . 1 for clay masonry. Where all cells are solid grouted or filled
with silicone-treated perlite loose-fill insulation; vermiculite loose-fiU insulation; or expanded clay, shale or slate lightweight aggregate, the equivalent thickness
shall be the thickness of the block or brick using specified dimensions as defined in Chapter 2 1 . Equivalent thickness may also include the thickness of applied plas-
ter and lath or gypsum wallboard, where specified.

c. For units in which the net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any plane parallel to the surface containing the cores is at least 75 percent of the gross cross-sec-
tional area measured in the same plane.

d. Shall be used for nonbearing purposes only

e. For all of the construction with gypsum wallboard described in this table, gypsum base for veneer plaster of the same size, thickness and core type shall be permit-
ted to be substituted for gypsum wallboard, provided attachment is identical to that specified for the wallboard, and the joints on the face layer are reinforced and
the entire surface is covered with a minimum of Vig-inch gypsum veneer plaster.

f. The fire-resistance time period for concrete masonry units meeting the equivalent thicknesses required for a 2-hour fire-resistance rating in Item 3, and having a
thickness of not less than 7^8 inches is 4 hours when cores which are not grouted are filled with sUicone-treated perlite loose-fill insulation; vermiculite loose-fill
insulation; or expanded clay, shale or slate lightweight aggregate, sand or slag having a maximum particle size of ^/g inch.

g. The fire-resistance rating of concrete masonry units composed of a combination of aggregate types or where plaster is applied directly to the concrete masonry
shall be determined in accordance with ACI 216.1A'MS 0216. Lightweight aggr^ates shall have a maximum combined density of 65 pounds per cubic foot.

h. See also Note b. The equivalent thickness shall be permitted to include the thickness of cement plaster or 1 .5 times the thickness of gypsum plaster applied in accor-
dance with the requirements of Chapter 25.

i. Concrete walls shall be reinforced with horizontal and vertical temperature reinforcement as required by Chapter 19.

J. Studs are welded truss wire studs with 0.18 inch (No. 7 B.W gage) flange wire and 0.18 inch (No. 7 B.W. gage) truss wires.

k. Nailable metal studs consist of two channel studs spot welded back to back with a crimped web forming a nailing groove.

1. Wood structural panels shall be permitted to be installed between the fire protection and the wood studs on either the interior or exterior side of the wood frame
assemblies in this table, provided the length of the fasteners used to attach the fire protection is increased by an amount at least equal to the thickness of the wood
structural panel.

m. The design stress of studs shall be reduced to 78 percent of allowable F ' c with the maximum not greater than 78 percent of the calculated stress with studs having a
slendemess ratio l/d of 33.

n. For properties of cooler or wallboard nails, see ASTM C 514, ASTM C 547 or ASTM F 1667.

o. Generic fire-resistance ratings (those not designated as PROPRIETARY* in the listing) in the GA 600 shall be accepted as if herein listed.

p. NCMA TEK 5-8A shall be permitted for the design of fire walls.

q. The design stress of studs shall be equal to a maximum of 100 percent of the allowable F ' ^ calculated in accordance with Section 2306.

192

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(3)
MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS^"

FLOOR OR ROOF
CONSTRUCTION

1. Siliceous
aggregate concrete

2. Carbonate
aggregate concrete

3. Sand-lightweight concrete

4. Lightweight concrete

5. Reinforced
concrete

6. Steel joists constructed with
a poured reinforced concrete
slab on metal lath forms or
steel form units'*''

ITEM
NUMBER

1-1.1

2-1.1

3-1.1

4-1.1

5-1.1

5-2.1

6-1.1

6-2.1

6-3.1

6-4.1.

6-5.1

CEILING CONSTRUCTION

Slab (no ceiling required). Minimum cover over
nonprestressed reinforcement shall not be less than

Slab with suspended ceiling of vermiculite gypsum
plaster over metal lath attached to %" cold-rolled
channels spaced 12" on center. Ceiling located 6"
minimum below joists.

Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard'= attached to 0.018
inch (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage) by Vg" deep
by 2^8" hat-shaped galvanized steel channels with
1" -long No. 6 screws. The channels are spaced 24"
on center, span 35" and are supported along their
length at 35" intervals by 0.033" (No. 21 galvanized
sheet gage) galvanized steel flat strap hangers
having formed edges that engage the lips of the
channel. The strap hangers are attached to the side
of the concrete joists with ^/jj" by IV4" long
power-driven fasteners. The wallboard is installed
with the long dimension perpendicular to the
channels. All end joints occur on channels and
supplementary channels are installed parallel to the
main channels, 12" each side, at end joint
occurrences. The finished ceiling is located
approximately 12" below the soffit of the floor slab.

Gypsum plaster on metal lath attached to the bottom
cord with single No. 16 gage or doubled No. 18
gage wire ties spaced 6" on center. Plaster mixed 1:2
for scratch coat, 1:3 for brown coat, by weight,
gypsum-to-sand aggregate for 2-hour system. For
3-hour system plaster is neat.

Vermiculite gypsum plaster on metal lath attached
to the bottom chord with single No. 16 gage or
doubled 0.049-inch (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties 6"
on center^ __^

Cement plaster over metal lath attached to the
bottom chord of joists with single No. 16 gage or
doubled 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties spaced
6" on center. Plaster mixed 1:2 for scratch coat, 1:3
for brown coat for 1-hour system and 1:1 for scratch
coat, 1 : 1 V2 for brown coat for 2-hour system, by
weight, cement to sand.

Ceiling of %" Type X wallboard^ attached to %"
deep by iVg" by 0.021 inch (No. 25 carbon sheet
steel gage) hat-shaped furring channels 12" on
center with 1" long No. 6 wallboard screws at 8" on
center. Channels wire tied to bottom chord of joists
with doubled 0.049 inch (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire or
suspended below joists on wire hangers.^

Wood-fibered gypsum plaster mixed 1:1 by weight
gypsum to sand aggregate applied over metal lath.
Lath tied 6" on center to V/ channels spaced 13 V2"
on center. Channels secured to joists at each
intersection with two strands of 0.049 inch (No. 18
B.W. gage) galvanized wire.

THICKNESS OF FLOOR

OR ROOF SLAB

(inches)

4
hour

7.0

6.6

5.4

5.1

3
hour

6.2

5.7

4.6

4.4

hour

5.0

4.6

3.8

3.6

2V,

1
hour

3.5

3.2

2.7

2.5

2V.

MINIMUM THICKNESS

OF CEILING

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

v«

hour

1
hour

v„

(continued)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

193

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(3)— continued
MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS^i

FLOOR OR ROOF
CONSTRUCTION

ITEM
NUMBER

CEILING CONSTRUCTION

THICKNESS OF FLOOR

OR ROOF SLAB

(inches)

MINIMUM THICKNESS

OF CEILING

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

hour

7. Reinforced concrete slabs
and joists with hollow clay tile
fillers laid end to end in rows
2V2" or more apart;
reinforcement placed between
rows and concrete cast around
and over tile.

7-1.1

%" gypsum plaster on bottom of floor or roof
construction.

—

7-1.2

None

—

5V2'

—

8. Steel joists constructed with
a reinforced concrete slab on
top poured on a V2" deep steel
deck.'

8-1.1

VermicuUte gypsum plaster on metal lath attached
to V4" cold-rolled channels with 0.049" (No. 18
B.W. gage) wire ties spaced 6" on center.

2V2J

—

9. 3" deep cellular steel deck
with concrete slab on top. Slab
thickness measured to top.

9-1.1

Suspended ceiling of vermiculite gypsum plaster
base coat and vermiculite acoustical plaster on metal
lath attached at 6" intervals to %" cold-rolled
channels spaced 12" on center and secured to 1 '4"
cold-rolled chaimels spaced 36"on center with
0.065" (No. 16 B.W. gage) wire. iVj" channels
supported by No. 8 gage wire hangers at 36" on
center. Beams within envelope and with a 2V2"
airspace between beam soffit and lath have a 4-hour
rating.

2V2

—

iVg''

—

10. lV2"-deep steel roof deck
on steel framing. Insulation
board, 30 pcf density,
composed of wood fibers with
cement binders of thickness
shown bonded to deck with
unified asphalt adhesive.
Covered with a Class A or B
roof covering.

10-1.1

Ceiling of gypsum plaster on metal lath. Lath
attached to V/ furring channels with 0.049" (No. 18
B.W. gage) wire ties spaced 6" on center.%"
channel saddle tied to 2" channels with doubled
0.065"(No. 16 B.W. gage) wire ties. 2" channels
spaced 36" on center suspended 2" below steel
framing and saddle-tied with 0.165" (No. 8 B.W.
gage) wire. Plaster mixed 1:2 by weight,
gypsum-to-sand aggregate.

—

11. lV2"-deep steel roof deck
on steel-framing wood fiber
insulation board, 17.5 pcf
density on top applied over a
15-lb asphalt-saturated felt.
Class A or B roof covering.

ll-l.l

Ceiling of gypsum plaster on metal lath. Lath
attached 10^4" furring channels with 0.049" (No. 18
B.W. gage) wire ties spaced 6" on center.%"
channels saddle tied to 2" channels with doubled
0.065" (No. 16 B.W. gage) wire ties. 2" channels
spaced 36" on center suspended 2" below steel
framing and saddle tied with 0.165" (No. 8 B.W.
gage) wire. Plaster mixed 1:2 for scratch coat and
1:3 for brown coat, by weight, gypsimi-to-sand
aggregate for 1-hour system. For 2-hour system,
plaster mix is 1:2 by weight, gypsum-to-sand
aggregate. ,

—

IV2

(continued)

194

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(3)— continued
MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS^'"

FLOOR OR ROOF
CONSTRUCTION

12. 1 V2" deep steel roof deck
on steel-framing insulation of
rigid board consisting of
expanded perlite and fibers
impregnated with integral
asphalt waterproofing; density
9 to 12 pcf secured to metal
roof deck by V2" wide ribbons
of waterproof, cold-process
liquid adhesive spaced 6"
apart. Steel joist or light steel
construction with metal roof
deck, insulation, and Class A
or B built-up roof covering.^

13. Double wood floor over
wood joists spaced 16" on
center.™'"

14. Plywood stressed skin
panels consisting of ^''-thick
interior C-D (exterior glue) .
top stressed skin on 2" x 6"
nominal (minimum) stringers.
Adjacent panel edges joined
with 8d common wire nails
spaced 6" on center. Stringers
spaced 12" maximum on
center.

ITEM
NUMBER

12-1.1

13-1.1

13-1.2

13-1.3

13-1.4

14-1.1

CEILING CONSTRUCTION

Gypsum- vermiculite plaster on metal lath wire tied
at 6" intervals to V4" furring channels spaced 12"on
center and wire tied to 2" runner channels spaced
32" on center. Runners wire tied to bottom chord of
steel joists.

Gypsum plaster over Vg" Type X gypsum lath. Lath
initially applied with not less than four 1 Vg" by No.
13 gage by ^^1^' head plasterboard blued nails per
bearing. Continuous stripping over lath along all
joist lines. Stripping consists of 3" wide strips of
metal lath attached by 1 V2" by No. 1 1 gage by V2"
head roofing nails spaced 6" on center. Alternate
stripping consists of 3" wide 0.049" diameter wire
stripping weighing 1 pound per square yard and
attached by No. 16 gage by 1 V2" by %" crown width
staples, spaced 4" on center. Where alternate
stripping is used, the lath nailing may consist of two
nails at each end and one nail at each intermediate
bearing. Plaster mixed 1:2 by weight,
gypsum-to-sand aggregate.

Cement or gypsum plaster on metal lath. Lath
fastened with IV2" by No. 11 gage by V^^' head
barbed shank roofing nails spaced 5" on center.
Plaster mixed 1:2 for scratch coat and 1:3 for brown
coat, by weight, cement to sand aggregate.

Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster on metal lath
secured to joists with 1 V2" by No. 11 gage by ^jg"
head barbed shank roofing nails spaced 5" on center.

V2" Type X gypsum wallboard'^ nailed to joists with
5d cooler or wallboard nails at 6" on center. End
joints of wallboard centered on joists.

V2"-thick wood fiberboard weighing 15 to 18
pounds per cubic foot installed with long dimension
parallel to stringers or %" C-D (exterior glue)
plywood glued and/or nailed to stringers. Nailing to
be with 5d cooler" or wallboard" nails at 12" on
center. Second layer of V2" Type X gypsum
wallboard" applied with long dimension
perpendicular to joists and attached with 8d cooler"
or wallboard" nails at 6" on center at end joints and
8" on center elsewhere. Wallboard joints staggered
with respect to fiberboard joints.

THICKNESS OF FLOOR

OR ROOF SLAB

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

(continued)

MINIMUM THICKNESS

OF CEILING

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

195

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(3)— continued
MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS^"

FLOOR OR ROOF
CONSTRUCTION

ITEM
NUMBER

CEILING CONSTRUCTION

THICKNESS OF FLOOR

OR ROOF SLAB

(inches)

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF
CEILING
(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

15. Vermiculite concrete
slab proportioned 1:4
(portiand cement to
vermiculite aggregate) on
a lV2"-deep steel deck
supported on individually
protected steel framing.
Maximum span of deck 6
-10" where deck is less
than 0.019 inch (No. 26
carbon steel sheet gage)
or greater. Slab reinforced
with 4" x8" 0.109/0.083"
(No.12/14 B.W. gage)
welded wire mesh.

15-1.1

None

—

16. Perlite concrete slab
proportioned 1:6 (portland
cement to perlite
aggregate) on a iV/'-deep
steel deck supported on
individually protected
steel framing. Slab
reinforced with 4" x &"
0.109/0.083" (No.i2/i4
B.W. gage) welded wire
mesh.

16-1.1

None

—

3V,J

—

17. Perlite concrete slab
proportioned 1:6 (portland
cement to perlite
aggregate) on a ^/jg-'-deep
steel deck supported by
steel joists 4 on center.
Class A or B roof
covering on top.

17-1.1

PerUte gypsum plaster on metal lath wire tied to %"
fijrring channels attached with 0.065" (No. 16 B.W.
gage) wire ties to lower chord of joists.

—

18. Perlite concrete slab
proportioned 1:6 (portland
cement to perlite
aggregate) on lV4"-deep
steel deck supported on
individually protected
steel framing. Maximum
span of deck 6-10" where
deck is less than 0.019"
(No. 26 carbon sheet steel
gage) and 8 -0" where
deck is 0.019" (No. 26
carbon sheet steel gage)
or greater. Slab reinforced
with 0.042" (No. 19 B.W.
gage) hexagonal wire
mesh. Class A or B roof
covering on top.

18-1.1

None

—

2V4P

—

(continued)

196

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(3)— continued
MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS'"

FLOOR OR ROOF
CONSTRUCTION

19. Floor and beam
construction consisting of
3"-deep cellular steel floor
unit mounted on steel
members with 1:4
(proportion of portland
cement to perlite
aggregate) perlite-concrete
floor slab on top.

20. Perlite concrete
proportioned 1:6 (portland
cement to perlite
aggregate) poured to Vg"
thickness above top of
corrugations of l^/i5"-deep
galvanized steel deck
maximum span 8'-0" for
0.024"(No. 24 galvanized
sheet gage) or 6'0" for
0.019" (No. 26 galvanized
sheet gage) with deck
supported by individually
protected steel framing.
Approved polystyrene
foam plastic insulation
board having a flame
spread not exceeding 75
(1" to 4" thickness) with
vent holes that
approximate 3 percent of
the board surface area
placed on top of perlite
slurry. A 2' by 4'
insulation board contains
six 2%" diameter holes.
Board covered with 2V4"
minimum perlite concrete
slab.

ITEM
NUMBER

19-1.1

20-1.1

CEILING CONSTRUCTION

Suspended envelope ceiling of perlite
gypsum plaster on metal lath attached to
^"cold-rolled channels, secured to iVj"
cold-rolled channels spaced 42" on center
supported by 0.203 inch (No. 6 B.W. gage)
wire 36" on center. Beams in envelope with
3" minimum airspace between beam soffit
and lath have a 4-hour rating.

None

THICKNESS OF FLOOR OR

ROOF SLAB

(inches)

4 hour 3 hour 2 hour 1 hour

Varies

MINIMUM THICKNESS

OF CEILING

(Inches)

4 hour 3 hour 2 hour 1 hour

(continued)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

197

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(3)— continued
MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS^"

FLOOR OR ROOF
CONSTRUCTION

ITEM
NUMBER

CEILING CONSTRUCTION

THICKNESS OF FLOOR OR

ROOF SLAB

(inches)

MINIMUM THICKNESS

OF CEILING

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

(continued)
20. Slab reinforced with mesh
consisting of 0.042" (No. 19
B.W. gage) galvanized steel
wire twisted together to form
2" hexagons with straight
0.065" (No. 16 B.W. gage)
galvanized steel wire woven
into mesh and spaced 3".
Alternate slab reinforcement
shall be permitted to consist of
4" X 8", 0.109/0.238" (No. 12/4
B.W. gage), or 2" x 2",
0.083/0.083" (No. 14/14 B.W.
gage) welded wire fabric. Class
A or B roof covering on top.

20-1.1

None

—

Varies

—

21. Wood joists, wood I-joist,
floor trusses and flat or pitched
roof trusses spaced a maximum
24" o.c. with V2" wood
structural panels with exterior
glue applied at right angles to
top of joist or top chord of
trusses with 8d nails. The wood
structural panel thickness shall
not be less than nominal V2"
less than required by Chapter
23.

21-1.1

Base layer Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard applied
at right angles to joist or truss 24" o.c. with 1 V4"
Type S or Type W drywall screws 24" o.c. Face
layer Vg" Type X gypsum wallboard or veneer
base applied at right angles to joist or truss
through base layer with iVg" Type S or Type W
drywall screws 12" o.c. at joints and intermediate
joist or truss. Face layer Type G drywall screws
placed 2" back on eitiier side of face layer end
joints, 12" o.c.

—

Varies

—

IV4

22. Steel joists, wood I-joists,
floor trusses and flat or pitched
roof trusses spaced a maximum
24" o.c. with V2" wood
structural panels with exterior
glue applied at right angles to
top of joist or top chord of
trusses with No. 8 screws. The
wood structural panel thickness
shall not be less than nominal
V2" less than required by
Chapter 23.

22-1.1

Base layer Vg" Type X gypsum board applied at
right angles to steel framing 24" on center with 1"
Type S drywall screws spaced 24"on center. Face
layer %" Type X gypsum board applied at right
angles to steel framing attached through base
layer with 1\" Type S drywall screws 12" on
center at end joints and intermediate joints and
1 V2" Type G drywall screws 12 inches on center
placed 2" back on either side of face layer end
joints. Joints of the face layer are offset 24" from
the joints of the base layer.

—

Varies

—

IV4

23. Wood I-joist (minimum
joist depth 9%" with a
minimum flange depth of IV15"
and a minimum flange cross-
sectional area of 2.3 square
inches) at 24" o.c. spacing with
1x4 (nominal) wood furring
strip spacer applied parallel to
and covering the bottom of the
bottom flange of each member,
tacked in place. 2" mineral
wool insulation, 3.5 pcf
(nominal) installed adjacent to
the bottom flange of the I-joist
and supported by the 1x4
furring strip spacer.

23-1.1

V2" deep single leg resilient channel 16"on center
(channels doubled at wallboard end joints), placed
perpendicular to the fiarring strip and joist and
attached to each joist by 1%" Type S drywall
screws .%" Type C gypsum wallboard applied
perpendicular to the channel with end joints
staggered at least 4 and fastened with 1 Vg" Type S
drywall screws spaced 7" on center. Wallboard
joints to be taped and covered with joint
compound.

—

Varies

—

(continued)

198

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(3)— continued
MINIMUIVl PROTECTION FOR FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS^"

FLOOR OR ROOF
CONSTRUCTION

25. Wood I-joist (minimum
I-joist depth 9V4" with a
minimum flange depth of 1 Vj"
and a minimum flange
cross-sectional area of 5.25
square inches; minimum web
thickness of V) @ 24" o.c,
1 V2" mineral fiber insulation
(2.5 pcf - nominal) resting on
hat-shaped channels.

26. Wood I-joist (minimum
I-joist depth 9V4" with a
minimum flange depth of 1 V2"
and a minimum flange
cross-sectional area of 5.25
square inches; minimum web
thickness of V) @ 24" o.c,
1 V/mineral fiber insulation
(2.5 pcf - nominal) resting on
resiUent channels.

27. Wood I-joist (minimum
I-joist depth 9V4" with a
minimum flange thickness of
l'/2" and a minimum flange
cross-sectional area of 2.25
square inches; minimum web
thickness of V) @ 24" o.c.

ITEM
NUMBER

25-1.1

26-1.1

27-1.1

CEILING CONSTRUCTION

Minimum 0.026" thick hat-shaped channel 16"
o.c. (channels doubled at wallboard end joints),
placed perpendicular to the joist and attached to
each joist by iVg" Type S drywall screws.%"
Type C gypsum wallboard applied
perpendicular to the channel with end joints
staggered and fastened with 1 Vg" Type S
drywall screws spaced 12" o.c. in the field and
8" o.c. at the wallboard ends. Wallboard joints
to be taped and covered with joint compound.

Minimum 0.019" thick resilient channel 16" o.c.
(channels doubled at wallboard end joints),
placed perpendicular to the joist and attached to
each joist by iVg" Type S drywall screws. ^I{
Type C gypsum wallboard apphed
perpendicular to the channel with end joints
staggered and fastened with 1" Type S drywall
screws spaced 12" o.c. in the field and 8" o.c. at
the wallboard ends. Wallboard joints to be taped
and covered with joint compound.

Two layers of V2" Type X gypsum wallboard
applied with the long dimension perpendicular
to the I-joists with end joints staggered. The
base layer is fastened with iVg" Type S drywall
screws spaced 12" o.c. and the face layer is
fastened with 2" Type S drywall screws spaced
12" o.c. in the field and 8" o.c. on the edges.
Face layer end joints shall not occur on the same
I-joist as base layer end joints and edge joints
shall be offset 24" from base layer joints. Face
layer to also be attached to base layer with 1 Vj"
Type G drywall screws spaced 8" o.c. placed 6"
from face layer end joints. Face layer wallboard
joints to be taped and covered with joint
compound.

THICKNESS OF FLOOR

OR ROOF SLAB

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

Varies

MINIMUM THICKNESS

OF CEILING

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

hour

1
hour

Varies

(continued)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

199

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 720.1(3)— continued
MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS^'

FLOOR OR ROOF
CONSTRUCTION

ITEM
NUMBER

CEILING CONSTRUCTION

THICKNESS OF FLOOR OR

ROOF SLAB

(inches)

MINIMUM THICKNESS

OF CEILING

(inches)

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

4
hour

3
hour

2
hour

1
hour

28. Wood I-joist (minimum
I-joist depth QV/ with a
minimum flange depth of
iVig" and a minimum flange
cross-sectional area of 1.95
square inches; minimum web
thickness of V) @ 24" o.c.

28-1.1

Minimum 0.019" thick resilient charmel 16"
o.c.(channels doubled at wallboard end joints),
placed perpendicular to the joist and attached to
each joist by 1%" Type S dry wall screws. Two
layers of V2" Type X gypsum wallboard applied
with the long dimension perpendicular to the
I-joists with end joints staggered. The base layer
is fastened with 1 V/ Type S dry wall screws
spaced 12" o.c. and the face layer is fastened
with iVg" Type S drywall screws spaced 12"
o.c. Face layer end joints shall not occur on the
same I- Joist as base layer end joints and edge
joints shall be offset 24" from base layer joints.
Face layer to also be attached to base layer with
IV2" Type G drywall screws spaced 8" o.c.
placed 6" from face layer end joints. Face layer
wallboard joints to be taped and covered witii
joint compoimd.

—

Varies

—

Varies

29. Wood I-joist (minimum
I-joist depth 9V4" with a
minimum flange depth of
1 V2" and a minimum flange
cross-sectional area of 2.25
square inches; minimum web
thickness ofV)@ 24" o.c,
with hat-shaped channels
supporting the middle and
face layers of gypsum
wallboard. Unfaced
fiberglass insulation is
installed between the I-joists
supported on the upper
surface of the flange by stay
wires spaced 12" o.c.

29-1.1

Base layer of ^/g" Type C gypsum wallboard
attached directly to I-joists with 1%" Type S
drywall screws spaced 12" o.c. with ends
staggered. Minimum 0.0179" thick resilient
channel 16" o.c. (channels doubled at wallboard
end joints), placed perpendicular to the joist and
attached to each joist by l^/g" Type S drywall
screws after the base layer of gypsum wall
board has been applied. The middle and face
layers of %" Type C gypsum wallboard applied
perpendicular to the channel with end joints
staggered. The middle layer is fastened with 1"
Type S drywall screws spaced 12" o.c. The face
layer is applied parallel to the middle layer but
with the edge joints offset 24" from those of the
middle layer and fastened with 1%" Type S
drywall screws 8" o.c. The joints shall be taped
and covered with joint compound.

—

Varies

—

Varies

30. Channel-shaped 18 gauge
steel joists (minimum depth
8") spaced a maximum 24"
o.c. supporting
tongue-and-groove wood
structural panels (nominal
minimum %" thick) applied
perpendicular to framing
members. Structural panels
attached with iVg" Type S-12
screws spaced 12"o.c.

30-1.1

Base layer Vg" Type X gypsum board applied
perpendicular to bottom of framing members
with iVg" Type S-12 screws spaced 12" o.c.
Second layer Vs" Type X gypsum board
attached perpendicular to framing members with
l%"Type S-12 screws spaced 12" o.c. Second
layer joints offset 24" from base layer. Third
layer %" Type X gypsum board attached
perpendicular to framing members with 2%"
Type S-12 screws spaced 12" o.c. Third layer
joints offset 12" from second layer joints.
Hat-shaped rigid furring chaimels applied at
right angles to framing members over third layer
with two 2%" Type S-12 screws at each framing
member. Face layer Vg" Type X gypsum board
applied at right angles to furring channels with
1 Vg" Type S screws spaced 12" o.c.

—

Varies

—

3Vg

—

200

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

Table 720.1(3) Notes.

■ For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 cubic foot = 0.0283m^
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 pound per lineal foot = 1.4882 kg/m.

a. Staples with equivalent holding power and penetration shall be permitted to be used as alternate festeners to nails for attachment to wood framing.

b. When the slab is in an unrestrained condition, minimum reinforcement cover shall not be less than 1% inches for 4-hour (siliceous aggregate only); 1 V4 inches for
4- and 3-hour; 1 inch for 2-hour (siliceous aggr^ate only); and % inch for all other restrained and unrestrained conditions.

c. For all of the construction with gypsum wallboard described in this table, gypsum base for veneer plaster of the same size, thickness and core type shall be permit-
ted to be substituted for gypsum wallboard, provided attachment is identical to that specified for the wallboard, and the joints on the face layer are reinforced and
the entire surface is covered with a minimum of Vig-inch gypsum veneer plaster.

d. Slab thickness over steel joists measured at the joists for metal lath form and at the top of the form for steel form units.

e. (a) The maximum allowable stress level for H-Series joists shall not exceed 22,000 psi.

(b) The allowable stress for K-Series joists shall not exceed 26,000 psi, the nominal depth of such joist shall not be less than 10 inches and the nomlnaljoist weight
shall not be less than 5 pounds per lineal foot.

f. Cement plaster with 1 5 pounds of hydrated lime and 3 pounds of approved additives or admixtures per bag of cement.

g. Gypsum wallboard ceilings attached to steel framing shall be permitted to be suspended with 1 Vj-inch cold-formed carrying channels spaced 48 inches on center,
which are suspended with No. 8 SWG galvanized wire hangers spaced 48 inches on center. Cross-furring channels are tied to the carrying channels with No. 18
SWG galvanized wire hangers spaced 48 inches on center. Cross-furring channels are tied to the carrying channels with No. 18 SWG galvanized wire (double
strand) and spaced as required for direct attachment to the framing. This alternative is also apphcable to those steel framing assemblies recognized under
Note q.

h. Six-inch hollow clay tile with 2-inch concrete slab above.

i. Four-inch hollow clay tile with 1 '/2-inch concrete slab above.

j. Thickness measured to bottom of steel form units.

k. Five-eighths inch of vermiculite gypsum plaster plus V2 inch of approved vermiculite acoustical plastic.

1. Furring channels spaced 12 inches on center

m. Double wood floor shall be permitted to be either of the following:

(a) Subfloor of 1-inch nominal boarding, a layer of asbestos paper weighing not less than 14 pounds per 100 square feet and a layer of 1-inch nominal
tongue-and-groove finished flooring; or

(b) Subfloor of 1-inch nominal tongue-and-groove boarding or '^/32-inch wood structural panels with exterior glue and a layer of 1-inch nominal
tongue-and-groove finished flooring or ' %2'inch wood structural panel finish flooring or a layer of Type I Grade M- 1 particleboard not less than %-inch thick.

n. The ceiling shall be permitted to be omitted over unusable space, and flooring shall be permitted to be omitted where unusable space occurs abwe.

o. For properties of cooler or wallboard nails, see ASTM C 514, ASTM C 547 or ASTM F 1667.

p. Thickness measured on top of steel deck unit.

q. Generic iire-resistance ratings (those not designated as PROPRIETARY* in the listing) in the GA 600 shall be accepted as if herein listed.

720.1.1 Thickness of protective coverings. The thickness
of fire-resistant materials required for protection of struc-
tural members shall be not less than set forth in Table
720.1(1), except as modified in this section. The jBigures
shown shall be the net thickness of the protecting materials
and shall not include any hollow space in back of the
protection.

720.1.2 Unit masonry protection. Where required, metal
ties shall be embedded in bed joints of unit masonry for pro-
tection of steel columns. Such ties shall be as set forth in
Table 720.1(1) or be equivalent thereto.

720.1.3 Reinforcement for cast-in-place concrete col-
umn protection. Cast-in-place concrete protection for steel
coluirms shall be reinforced at the edges of such members
with wire ties of not less than 0.18 inch (4.6 mm) in diameter
wound spirally around the columns on a pitch of not more
than 8 inches (203 mm) or by equivalent reinforcement.

720.1.4 Plaster application. The finish coat is not required
for plaster protective coatings where they comply with the
design mix and thickness requirements of Tables 720. 1(1),
720.1(2) and 720.1(3).

720.1.5 Bonded prestressed concrete tendons. For mem-
bers having a single tendon or more than one tendon
installed with equal concrete cover measured from the near-
est surface, the cover shall not be less than that set forth in
Table 720.1(1). For members having multiple tendons
installed with variable concrete cover, the average tendon

cover shall not be less than that set forth in Table 720.1(1),
provided:

1. The clearance from each tendon to the nearest ex-
posed surface is used to determine the average cover.

2. In no case can the clear cover for individual tendons
be less than one-half of that set forth in Table
720.1(1). A minimum cover of 0.75 inch (19.1 mm)
for slabs and 1 inch (25 mm) for beams is required for
any aggregate concrete.

3. For the purpose of establishing a fire-resistance rat-
ing, tendons having a clear covering less than that set
forth in Table 720.1(1) shall not contribute more than
50 percent of the required ultimate moment capacity
for members less than 350 square inches (0.226 m^) in
cross-sectional area and 65 percent for larger mem-
bers. For structural design purposes, however, ten-
dons having a reduced cover are assumed to be fully
effective. <

720.2 Cellular concrete. [HCD 1 & HCD 2]

720.2.1 Use and application. [HCD 1 & HCD 2] Con-
trolled-density cellular concrete, when used or applied,
shall be in accordance with the use of materials in Bulletin
No. 65 of the Federal Housing Administration, United
States Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Exceptions:

1. Regardless of the provisions of Subsections 3.2,
3.3, 3.4 and 3.6 in Section 3, BulletinNo. 65provi-

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

201

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

sions relating to proportioning, mixing and test-
ing, in the following shall apply to this chapter.

1.1. Field-control weighings for control of the
wet-unit weight shall be made. The design
wet-unit weight for field control of the con-
crete shall be based on previously estab-
lished data for the relation between the
wet-unit weight and the air-dry-unit
weight at 28 days for the mix being placed.
Field-control weighings for determining
the wet-unit weight shall be made at the
mixer discharge and at the point of deposit.
There should be one pair of weighings per
batch for batch-type mixers unless equip-
ment is provided with scales allowing the
operator to adequately weigh materials.
For continuous weight-instrumented batch
mixers, there should be one pair of
weighings per 10 cubic yards (7.65 m^).
The gain in unit weight between the mixer
discharge and point of deposit shall not ex-
ceed 5 percent. The wet-unit weight at the
point of deposit of the concrete shall not ex-
ceed plus 5 percent of the design wet-unit
weight. A variation exceeding plus 5 per-
cent of the design wet-unit weight shall re-
quire a modification of the mix
proportions, a change of materials or a
change in the mixing procedure.

1.2. When tests are required by the enforcing
agency, they shall be performed in the fol-
lowing manner: Two test cylinders, for
compressive strength tests, shall be made
for each 8,000 square feet (743 m^) of sur-
face area placed. A minimum of two test
cylinders shall be made each day. Each
strength test result shall be the average of
two cylinders from the same sample tested
at 28 days or at a specified earlier date.

1.3. The minimum air-dry density shall be 90
pounds per cubic foot (1,440 kg/m^). The
minimum design compressive strength
shall be 1, 000 psi (6890 kPa) when the cur-
ing procedure specified herein is applied.
The minimum design compressive strength
shall be 1,250 psi (8,619 kPa) if the slab is
placed in a covered area of a building and
a specified curing medium is not applied.
The specified design compressive strength
shall be increased 20 percent when the
specified strength is greater than 1,000 psi
(6,890 kPa) and the slab is placed in a cov-
ered area of a building and a specified cur-
ing medium is not applied.

1.4. The cellular concrete shall be sampled at
the point of deposit in accordance with the
applicable procedures of ASTM C 172,
Sampling Fresh Concrete. Cylinder molds

shall be either 3 inches by 6 inches (76 mm
by 152 mm) or 6 inches by 12 inches (152
mm by 305 mm). Lightly tap the sides of the
mold with a rubber hammer while filling
the mold instead ofrodding the mix. Moist
cure the specimens for seven days at
73.4°F (40.8°C) plus or minus 3°F
{1.7°C). At the age of seven days, remove
the specimens from the moist condition and
store in a temperature of73.4°F (40.8°C)
plus or minus 3°F (1.7°C) and a relative
humidity of 50 plus or minus 10 percent for
21 days; remove and air dry until the time
of test at 28 days. The compressive strength
test shall be in accordance with ASTM C
39, Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens. Determine the
air-dry-unit weight at 28 days.

2. Regardless of the provisions of Subsections 4.1
and 4.2 in Section 4 of Bulletin No. 65, relating to
placing, finishing and curing, the following shall
apply to these regulations.

2.1. The concrete shall be placed, finished and
cured to produce a level, smooth surface.
The concrete shall be placed in a single
layer to a minimum thickness ofV/2 inches
(38 mm). The deviation from apian shall
not exceed % inch (6 mm) in any 10 feet
{1,048 mm). The final finish of the concrete
shall be suitable for the application of the
specified wear- resistant covering. Cracks
wider than % inch (3 mm) shall be re-
paired.

2.2. Install a water-resistant membrane be-
tween wood or plywood subfloors and the
cellular concrete to prevent leakage of the
concrete and wetting of the subfloor. The
membrane shall consist of waterproof pa-
per or plastic sheets conforming to ASTM
C 171, Sheet Materials for Curing Con-
crete, or Type 15 roofing felt conforming to
ASTM D 226, D 250 or D 227, or Federal
Specification UUB790, Building Paper
Vegetable Fiber: (Kraft, Waterproofed,
Water Repellent and Fire-resistant) Type 1,
Grade B. The sheets shall be securely fas-
tened to the subfloor

3. Regardless of the provisions of Subsections 6.1
and 6.2 in Section 6, of Bulletin No. 65, relating to
applicator qualifications and warranty, these sub-
sections are omitted from this chapter.

SECTION 721
CALCULATED FIRE RESISTANCE

721.1 General. The provisions of this section contain proce-
dures by which the fire resistance of specific materials or com-

202

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

binations of materials is established by calculations. These
procedures apply only to the information contained in this sec-
tion and shall not be otherwise used. The calculated fire resis-
tance of concrete, concrete masonry, and clay masonry
assemblies shall be permitted in accordance with ACI
216. 1/TMS 0216. The calculated fire resistance of steel assem-
blies shall be permitted in accordance with Chapter 5 of ASCE
29.

721.1.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall,
for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this
code, have the meanings shown herein.

CERAMIC FIBER BLANKET. A mineral wool insula-
tion material made of alumina-silica fibers and weighing 4
to 10 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) (64 to 160 kg/m^).

CONCRETE, CARBONATE AGGREGATE. Concrete
made with aggregates consisting mainly of calcium or mag-
nesium carbonate, such as Hmestone or dolomite, and con-
taining 40 percent or less quartz, chert, or flint.

CONCRETE, CELLULAR. A lightweight insulating
concrete made by mixing a preformed foam with portland
cement slurry and having a dry unit weight of approxi-
mately 30 pcf (480 kg/m^).

CONCRETE, LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE. Con-
crete made with aggregates of expanded clay, shale, slag or
slate or sintered fly ash or any natural lightweight aggregate
meeting ASTM C 330 and possessing equivalent fire-resis-
tance properties and weighing 85 to 1 15 pcf (1360 to 1840
kg/m3).

CONCRETE, PERLITE. A hghtweight insulating con-
crete having a dry unit weight of approximately 30 pcf (480
kg/m') made with periite concrete aggregate. Perlite aggre-
gate is produced from a volcanic rock which, when heated,
expands to form a glass-like material of cellular structure.

CONCRETE, SAND-LIGHTWEIGHT. Concrete made
with a combination of expanded clay, shale, slag, slate,
sintered fly ash, or any natural lightweight aggregate meet-
ing ASTM C 330 and possessing equivalent fire-resistance
properties and natural sand. Its unit weight is generally
between 105 and 120 pcf (1680 and 1920 kg/m').

CONCRETE, SILICEOUS AGGREGATE. Concrete
made with normal-weight aggregates consisting mainly of
silica or compounds other than calcium or magnesium car-
bonate, which contains more than 40-percent quartz, chert,
or flint.

CONCRETE, VERMICULITE. A hghtweight insulating
concrete made with vermiculite concrete aggregate which is
laminated micaceous material produced by expanding the
ore at high temperatures. When added to a portland cement
slurry the resulting concrete has a dry unit weight of approx-
imately 30 pcf (480 kg/m^).

GLASS FIBERBOARD. Fibrous glass roof insulation
consisting of inorganic glass fibers formed into rigid boards
using a binder. The board has a top surface faced with
asphalt and kraft reinforced with glass fiber.

MINERAL BOARD. A rigid felted thermal insulation
board consisting of either felted mineral fiber or cellular

beads of expanded aggregate formed into flat rectangular
units.

721.2 Concrete assemblies. The provisions of this section
contain procedures by which the fire-resistance ratings of con-
crete assemblies are established by calculations.

721.2.1 Concrete walls. Cast-in-place and precast concrete
walls shall comply with Section 721 .2. 1 . 1 . Multiwythe con-
crete walls shall comply with Section 721.2.1.2. Joints
between precast panels shall comply with Section
721 .2. 1.3. Concrete walls with gypsum wallboard or plaster
finish shall comply with Section 721.2.1.4.

721.2.1.1 Cast-in-place or precast walls. The mini-
mum equivalent thicknesses of cast-in-place or precast
concrete walls for fire-resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4
hours are shown in Table 721.2.1.1. For solid walls with
flat vertical surfaces, the equivalent thickness is the same
as the actual thickness. The values in Table 721.2.1.1
apply to plain, reinforced or presti-essed concrete walls.

TABLE 721.2.1.1

MINIMUM EQUIVALENT THICKNESS OF CAST-IN-PLACE OR

PRECAST CONCRETE WALLS, LOAD-BEARING OR

NONLOAD-BEARING

CONCRETE
TYPE

MINIMUM SLAB THICKNESS (Inches)
FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING OF

1-hour

iVj-hour

2-hour

3-hour

4-hour

Siliceous

3.5

4.3

5.0

6.2

7.0

Carbonate

3.2

4.0

4.6

5.7

6.6

Sand-Lightweight

2.7

3.3

3.8

4.6

5.4

Lightweight

2.5

3.1

3.6

4.4

5.1

721.2.1.1.1 Hollow-core precast wall panels. For

hollow-core precast concrete wall panels in which the
cores are of constant cross section throughout the
length, calculation of the equivalent thickness by
dividing the net cross-sectional area (the gross cross
section minus the area of the cores) of the panel by its
width shall be permitted.

721.2.1.1.2 Core spaces filled. Where all of the core
spaces of hollow-core wall panels are filled with
loose-fill material, such as expanded shale, clay, or
slag, or vermicuUte or periite, the fire-resistance rat-
ing of the wall is the same as that of a solid wall of the
same concrete type and of the same overall thickness.

721.2.1.1.3 Tapered cross sections. The thickness of
panels with tapered cross sections shall be that deter-
mined at a distance 2t or 6 inches (152 mm), which-
ever is less, from the point of minimum thickness,
where t is the minimum thickness.

721.2.1.1.4 Ribbed or undulating surfaces. The

equivalent thickness of panels with ribbed or undulat-
ing surfaces shall be determined by one of the follow-
ing expressions:

For s>4t, the thickness to be used shall be t

For s<2t, the thickness to be used shall be t^

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

203

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

For 4t>s>2t,th.e thickness to be used shall be

t +

{ \
4£_

s
V J

r \

t -t
e

\ J

(Equation 7-3)

where:

s = Spacing of ribs or undulations.

t = Minimum thickness.

t^ = Equivalent thickness of the panel calculated as
the net cross-sectional area of the panel divided
by the width, in which the maximum thickness
used in the calculation shall not exceed 2t.

721.2.1.2 Multiwythe walls. For walls that consist of
two wythes of dififerent types of concrete, the fire-resis-
tance ratings shall be permitted to be determined from
Figure 721.2.1.2.

721.2.1.2.1 Two or more wythes. The fire-resistance
rating for wall panels consisting of two or more
wythes shall be permitted to be determined by the for-
mula:

:(i?l''^9+/?20-59

+...+i?„''«)l

(Equation 7-4)

R--

where:

R = The fire endurance of the assembly, minutes.

i?i, i?2, and i?„ = The &e endurances of the individual
wythes, minutes. Values of /?„ "-'^ for use in Equation
7-4 are given in Table 721.2.1.2(1). Calculated
fire-resistance ratings are shown in Table
721.2.1.2(2).

INSIDE WYTHE
CARBONATE

INSIDE WYTHE
SILICEOUS

UJO
Q

THICKNESS OF INSIDE WYTHE, INCHES

OUTSIDE WYTHE OUTSIDE WYTHE

CARBONATE SILICEOUS

THICKNESS OF INSIDE WYTHE OF SAND-LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE, INCHES
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 721 .2.1 .2
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS OF
TWO-WYTHE CONCRETE WALLS

TABLE 721.2.1.2(2)
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS BASED ON R°^^

FP, MINUTES

HO.59

60
120
180
240

11.20
16.85
21.41
25.37

a. Based on Equation 7-4.

TABLE 721.2.1.2(1)
VALUES OF /?„"== FOR USE IN EQUATION 7-4

TYPE OF MATERIAL

THICKNESS OF MATERIAL (Inches)

4V,

5Va

6V,

Siliceous aggregate
concrete

5.3

6.5

8.1

9.5

11.3

13.0

14.9

16.9

18.8

20.7

22.8

25.1

Carbonate aggregate
concrete

5.5

7.1

8.9

10.4

12.0

14.0

16.2

18.1

20.3

21.9

24.7

27.2"=

Sand-lightweight
concrete

6.5

8.2

10.5

12.8

15.5

18.1

20.7

23.3

26.0'=

Notec

Lightweight concrete

6.6

8.8

11.2

13.7

16.5

19.1

21.9

24.7

27.8'=

Notec

Insulating concrete''

9.3

13.3

16.6

18.3

23.1

26.5-^

Notec

Airspace''

—

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per cubic foot = 16.02 kgAn^.

a. Dry unit weight of 35 pcf or less and consisting of cellular, perlite or vermiculite concrete.

b. The Rn"-^' value for one V/ to 3 V/ airspace is 3.3. The R°^^ value for two Vj" to V/ airspaces is 6.7.

c. The fire-resistance rating for this thickness exceeds 4 hours.

204

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.2.1,2.2 Foam plastic insulation. The fire-resis-
tance ratings of precast concrete wall panels consist-
ing of a layer of foam plastic insulation sandwiched
between two wythes of concrete shall be permitted to
be determined by use of Equation 7-4. Foam plastic
insulation with a total thickness of less than 1 inch (25
mm) shall be disregarded. The R„ value for thickness
of foam plastic insulation of 1 inch (25 mm) or
greater, for use in the calculation, is 5 minutes; there-
■ fore 7?„°-59 = 2.5.

721.2.1.3 Joints between precast wall panels. Joints
between precast concrete wall panels which are not insu-
lated as required by this section shall be considered as
openings in walls. Uninsulated joints shall be included in
determining the percentage of openings permitted by
Table 704.8. Where openings are not permitted or are
required by this code to be protected, the provisions of
this section shall be used to determine the amount of j oint
insulation required. Insulated joints shall not be consid-
ered openings for purposes of determining compliance
with the allowable percentage of openings in Table
704.8.

721.2.1.3.1 Ceramic fiber joint protection. Figure
721.2.1.3.1 shows thicknesses of ceramic fiber blan-
kets to be used to insulate joints between precast con-
crete wall panels for various panel thicknesses and for
joint widths of Vg inch (9.5 mm) and 1 inch (25 nun)
for fire-resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours. For
joint widths between Vg inch (9.5 mm) and 1 inch (25
mm), the thickness of ceramic fiber blanket is allowed
to be determined by direct interpolation. Other tested

and labeled materials are acceptable in place of
ceramic fiber blankets.

721.2.1.4 Walls with gypsum wallboard or plaster fin-
ishes. The fire-resistance rating of cast-in-place or pre-
cast concrete walls with finishes of gypsum wallboard or
plaster applied to one or both sides shall be permitted to
be calculated in accordance with the provisions of this
section.

721.2.1.4.1 Nonfire-exposed side. Where the finish
of gypsum wallboard or plaster is applied to the side
of the wall not exposed to fire, the contribution of the
finish to the total fire-resistance rating shall be deter-
mined as follows: The thickness of the finish shall
first be corrected by multiplying the actual thickness
of the finish by the applicable factor determined from
Table 721.2.1.4(1) based on the type of aggregate in
the concrete. The corrected thickness of finish shall
then be added to the actual or equivalent thickness of
concrete and fire-resistance rating of the concrete and
finish determined from Table 721.2.1.1, Figure
721.2.1.2 or Table 721.2.1.2(1).

721.2.1.4.2 Fire-exposed side. Where gypsum wall-
board or plaster is applied to the fire-exposed side of
the wall, the contribution of the finish to the total
fire-resistance rating shall be determined as follows:
The time assigned to the finish as established by Table
721.2.1.4(2) shall be added to the fire-resistance rat-
ing determined from Table 721.2.1.1 or Figure
721.2.1.2, or Table 721.2.1.2(1) for the concrete
alone, or to the rating determined in Section
721.2.1.4.1 for the concrete and finish on the
nonfire-exposed side.

1IN(

;h joir

\
\

>ITWID1
\

fH ^

l'<^

\\iP

^^^^

4jir_

3 4 5 6 7 8

PANEL THICKNESS, INCHES

3/8 INCH JC
3hr.-\

INTWI
^2hr.

DTH

^s%

3 4 5 6 7 8

PANEL THICKNESS, INCHES

ffi
o

m
z
it:
o

X
H-

1 INCH MAXIMUM REGARDLESS
OF OPENING RATING

-CERAMIC FIBER
BLAN KET

CARBONATE OR

■ SILICEOUS AGGREGATE

CONCRETE

SAND-LIGHTWEIGHT

■ OR LIGHTWEIGHT

CONCRETE

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 nun.

, FIGURE 721.2.1.3.1
CERAMIC FIBER JOINT PROTECTION

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

205

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.2.1.4.3 Nonsymmetrical assemblies. For a wall
having no finish on one side or different types or
thicknesses of finish on each side, the calculation pro-
cedures of Sections 721.2.1.4.1 and 721.2.1.4.2 shall
be performed twice, assuming either side of the wall
to be the fibre-exposed side. The fire-restance rating of
the wall shall not exceed the lower of the two values.

Exception: For an exterior wall with more than 5
feet (1524 mm) of horizontal separation, the fire
shall be assumed to occur on the interior side only.

721.2.1.4.4 Minimum concrete fire-resistance rat-
ing. Where finishes applied to one or both sides of a
concrete wall contribute to the fire-resistance rating,
the concrete alone shall provide not less than one-half

of the total required fire-resistance rating. Addition-
ally, the contribution to the fibre resistance of the finish
on the nonfibre-exposed side of a load-bearing wall
shall not exceed one-half the contribution of the
concrete alone.

721.2.1.4.5 Concrete finislies. Finishes on concrete
walls that are assumed to contribute to the total
fire-resistance rating of the wall shall comply with the
installation requirements of Section 721.3.2.5.

721.2.2 Concrete floor and roof slabs. Reinforced and
prestressed floors and roofs shall comply with Section
721.2.2.1. Multicourse floors and roofs shall comply with
Sections 721.2.2.2 and 721.2.2.3, respectively.

TABLE 721.2.1.4(1)
MULTIPLYING FACTOR FOR FINISHES ON NONFIRE-EXPOSED SIDE OF WALL

TYPE OF FINISH APPLIED
TO MASONRY WALL

TYPE OF AGGREGATE USED IN CONCRETE OR CONCRETE MASONRY

Concrete: siliceous

or carbonate

Masonry: siliceous or

calcareous gravel

Concrete: sand

lightweight concrete

Masonry: limestone,

cinders or unexpanded

slag

Concrete: lightweight

concrete
Masonry: expanded
shale, clay or slate

Concrete: pumice, or
expanded slag

Portland cement-sand plaster

1.00

0.75^

0.50^

Gypsum-sand plaster or gypsum wallboard

1.25

1.00

Gypsum-vermiculite or perlite plaster

1.75

1.50

1.25

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. For Portland cement-sand plaster % inch or less in thiclaiess and applied directly to the masonry on the non&e-exposed side of the wall, the multiplying factor
shall be 1.00.

TABLE 721 .2.1 .4(2)
TIME ASSIGNED TO FINISH MATERIALS ON FIRE-EXPOSED SIDE OF WALL

FINISH DESCRIPTION

TIME (minute)

Gypsum wallboard
Vginch
Vainch

Vginch

2 layers of '/g inch

1 layer Vginch, 1 layer '^inch

2 layers V2inch

10
15
20
25
35
40

Type X gypsum wallboard
V2inch
Vginch

25
40

Portland cement-sand plaster applied directly to concrete masonry

See Note a

Portland cement-sand plaster on metal lath
V4inch
'/ginch
linch

25
30

Gypsum sand plaster on Vg-inch gypsum lath
Vjinch
Vg inch

35
40
50

Gypsum sand plaster on metal lath
V4inch
%inch
1 inch

50
60
80

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. The actual thickness of portland cement-sand plaster, provided it is % inch or less in thiclcness, shall be permitted to be included in determining the equivalent
thiclaiess of the masonry for use in Ikble 721.3.2.

206

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.2.2.1 Reinforced and prestressed floors and
roofs. The minimum thicknesses of reinforced and pre-
stressed concrete floor or roof slabs for fire-resistance
ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours are shown in Table 72 1 .2.2. 1 .

TABLE 721.2.2.1
MINIMUM SLAB THICKNESS (inches)

CONCRETE TYPE

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hour)

Siliceous

3.5

4.3

5.0

6.2

7.0

Carbonate

3.2

4.0

4.6

5.7

6.6

Sand-lightweight

2.7

3.3

3.8

4.6

5.4

Lightweight

2.5

3.1

3.6

4.4

5.1

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

721.2.2.1.1 Hollow-core prestressed slabs. For hol-
low-core prestressed concrete slabs in which the cores
are of constant cross section throughout the length,
the equivalent thickness shall be permitted to be
obtained by dividing the net cross-sectional area of
the slab including grout in the joints, by its width.

721.2.2.1.2 Slabs with sloping soffits. The thickness
of slabs with sloping soffits (see Figure 721.2.2.1.2)
shall be determined at a distance It or 6 inches (152
mm), whichever is less, from the point of minimum
thickness, where t is the minimum thickness.

t = Minimum thickness.

fg = Equivalent thickness of the slab calculated as
the net area of the slab divided by the width, in
which the maximum thickness used in the cal-
culation shall not exceed 2 t.

NEGLECT SHADED AREA IN CALCULATION OF EQUIVALENT THICKNESS

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 721.2.2.1.3
SLABS WITH RIBBED OR UNDULATING SOFFITS

721.2.2.2 Multicourse floors. The fire-resistance rat-
ings of floors that consist of a base slab of concrete with a
topping (overlay) of a different type of concrete shall
comply with Figure 721.2.2.2.

DETERMINE THICKNESS HERE

2f OR 6 INCHES,
WHICHEVER IS LESS

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 721.2.2.1.2

DETERMINATION OF SLAB THICKNESS

FOR SLOPING SOFFITS

721.2.2.1.3 Slabs with ribbed soffits. The thickness
of slabs with ribbed or undulating soffits (see Figure
721 .2.2. 1 .3) shall be determined by one of the follow-
ing expressions, whichever is applicable:

For 5 > 4t, the thickness to be used shall be t

For s < 2t, the thickness to be used shall be t ^

For At> s> It, the thickness to be used shall be

f +

r \

-t

(Equation 7-5)

;

where:

s = Spacing of ribs or undulations.

I-

Qto

CARBONATE BASE

1 1 1 J

^>. X^hr.

\y^ >s3hN.

\lhr/\\^

, X\

SILICEOUS BASE

12345 12345

THICKNESS OF NORMAL-WEIGHT CONCRETE BASE SLAB, INCHES

CARBONATE OVERLAY

SILICEOUS OVERLAY

THICKNESS OF SAND-LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE BASE SLAB, INCHES

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 721 .2.2.2

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR TWO-COURSE

CONCRETE FLOORS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

207

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.2.2.3 Multicourse roofs. The fire-resistance ratings
of roofs which consist of a base slab of concrete with a
topping (overlay) of an insulating concrete or with an
insulating board and built-up roofing shall comply with
Figures 721.2.2.3(1) and 721.2.2.3(2).

721.2.2.3.1 Heat transfer. For the transfer of heat,
three-ply built-up roofing contributes 10 minutes to
the fire-resistance rating. The fire-resistance rating
for concrete assemblies such as those shown in Figure
721.2.2.3(1) shall be increased by 10 minutes. This
increase is not applicable to those shown in Figure
721.2.2.3(2).

721.2.2.4 Joints in precast slabs. Joints between adja-
cent precast concrete slabs need not be considered in cal-
culating the slab thickness provided that a concrete

topping at least 1 inch (25 mm) thick is used. Where no
concrete topping is used, joints must be grouted to a
depth of at least one-third the slab thickness at the joint,
but not less than 1 inch (25 mm), or the joints must be
made fire resistant by other approved methods.

721.2.3 Concrete cover over reinforcement. The mini-
mum thickness of concrete cover over reinforcement in con-
crete slabs, reinforced beams and prestressed beams shall
comply with this section.

721,2.3.1 Slab cover. The minimum thickness of con-
crete cover to the positive moment reinforcement shall
comply with Table 721.2.3(1) for reinforced concrete
and Table 721.2.3(2) for prestressed concrete. These
tables are applicable for solid or hollow-core one-way or
two-way slabs with flat undersurfaces. These tables are

CELLULAR CONCRETE

A CONCRETE ■<»-

SILICEOUS BASE SAND-LIGHTWEIGHT BASE
T— I— I— n 3E

4 2 4 2

THICKNESS OF CONCRETE BASE SLAB, INCHES

SAND-LIGHTWEIGHT BASE

THICKNESS OF CONCRETE BASE SLAB, INCHES

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

-STANDARDS-PLY
BUILT-UP ROOFING

,\\\\\\ MINERAL BOARD \\\\\\^
' • '• ■• ■«. CONCRETE ■>■■•■ ■ ■

SILICEOUS BASE SAND-LIGHTWEIGHT BASE

THICKNESS OF CONCRETE BASE SUB, INCHES

-STANDARD 3-PLY
BUILD-UP ROOFING

vnm

■"^^^

.GLASS FIBER BOARD,

".CONCRETE '■'■

muL

THICKNESS OF CONCRETE BASE SLAB, INCHES

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 721.2.2.3(1)

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR CONCRETE

ROOF ASSEMBLIES

FIGURE 721 .2.2.3(2)
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR CONCRETE

TABLE 721 .2.3(1)
COVER THICKNESS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR OR ROOF SLABS (inches)

CONCRETE AGGREGATE TYPE

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

Restrained

Unrestrained

Siliceous

1V4

Carbonate

IV4

Sand-lightweight or lightweight

IV4

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

208

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

applicable to slabs that are either cast in place or precast.
For precast prestressed concrete not covered elsewhere,
the procedures contained in PCI MNL 124 shall be
acceptable.

721.2.3.2 Reinforced beam cover. The minimum thick-
ness of concrete cover to the positive moment reinforce-
ment (bottom steel) for reinforced concrete beams is
shown in Table 721.2.3(3) for fire-resistance ratings of 1
hour to 4 hours.

721.2.3.3 Prestressed beam cover. The minimum thick-
ness of concrete cover to the positive moment

prestressing tendons (bottom steel) for restrained and
unrestrained prestressed concrete beams and stemmed
units shall comply with the values shown in Tables
721.2.3(4) and 721.2.3(5) for fire-resistance ratings of 1
hour to 4 hours. Values in Table 721.2.3(4) apply to
beams 8 inches (203 mm) or greater in width. Values in
Table 721.2.3(5) apply to beams or stems of any width,
provided the cross-section area is not less than 40 square
inches (25 806 nam^). In case of differences between the
values determined from Table 721.2.3(4) or 721.2.3(5),
it is permitted to use the smaller value. The concrete

TABLE 721.2.3(2)
COVER THICKNESS FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FLOOR OR ROOF SLABS (Inches)

CONCRETE AGGREGATE TYPE

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

Restrained

Unrestrained

Siliceous

IV2

1V4

2V4

Carbonate

2V«

2V4

Sand-lightweight or lightweight

IV2

TABLE 721.2.3(3)
MINIMUM COVER FOR MAIN REINFORCING BARS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS" (APPLICABLE TO ALL TYPES OF

STRUCTURAL CONCRETE)

RESTRAINED OR
UNRESTRAINED^

BEAM WIDTH"
(inches)

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (iiours)

Restrained

£lO

11/4"

Unrestrained

slO

%
%

1V4

1V4
1

3
1^/4

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. Tabulated values for restrained assemblies apply to beams spaced more than 4 feet on center. For restrained beams spaced 4 feet or less on center, minimum cover of
% inch is adequate for ratings of 4 hours or less.

b. For beam widths between the tabulated values, the minimum cover thickness can be determined by direct interpolation.

c. The cover for an individual reinforcing bar is the minimum thickness of concrete between the surface of the bar and the fire-exposed surface of the beam. For beams
in which several bars are used, the cover for corner bars used in the calculation shall be reduced to one-half of the actual value. The cover for an individual bar must
be not less than one-half of the value given in Table 721.2.3(3) nor less than V4 inch.

TABLE 721.2.3(4)
MINIMUM COVER FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS 8 INCHES OR GREATER IN WIDTH

RESTRAINED OR
UNRESTRAINED"

CONCRETE
AGGREGATE TYPE

BEAM
WIDTH''(inches)

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

Restrained

Carbonate or siliceous

Sand lightweight

8
>12

8
£l2

IV2

IV,
IV,

iv,

IV,
IV,
IV,

1V2

IV4"
IV2
IV,
IV,

2V2"

2"
IVs"

Unrestrained

Carbonate or siliceous

Sand lightweight

8
kl2

8
^12

IV,
IV,
IV,
IV,

1V4
1V2

IV,

2V,

2
iVs

5"=

2V,

3V4

3
2V,

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. Tabulated values for restrained assemblies apply to beams spaced more than 4 feet on center. For restrained beams spaced 4 feet or less on center, minimum cover of
V4 inch is adequate for 4-hour ratings or less.

b. For beam widths between 8 inches and 12 inches, minimum cover thickness can be determined by direct interpolation.

c. Not practical for 8-inch-wide beam but shown for purposes of interpolation.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

209

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

cover shall be calculated in accordance with Section
721.2.3.3.1. The minimum concrete cover for
nonprestressed reinforcement in prestressed concrete
beams shall comply with Section 721.2.3.2.

721.2.3.3.1 Calculating concrete cover. The con-
crete cover for an individual tendon is the minimum
thickness of concrete between the surface of the ten-
don and the foe-exposed surface of the beam, except
that for ungrouted ducts, the assumed cover thickness
is the minimum thickness of concrete between the
surface of the duct and the fire-exposed surface of the
beam. For beams in which two or more tendons are
used, the cover is assumed to be the average of the
minimum cover of the individual tendons. For comer
tendons (tendons equal distance fi-om the bottom and
side), the minimum cover used in the calculation shall
be one-half the actual value. For stemmed members
with two or more prestressing tendons located along
the vertical centerline of the stem, the average cover
shall be the distance from the bottom of the member to
the centroid of the tendons. The actual cover for any
individual tendon shall not be less than one-half the
smaller value shown in Tables 721.2.3(4) and
721.2.3(5), or 1 inch (25 mm), whichever is greater.

721.2,4 Concrete columns. Concrete columns shall com-
ply with this section.

721.2.4.1 Minimum size. The minimum overall dimen-
sions of reinforced concrete columns for fire-resistance
ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours shall com.ply with Table
721.2.4.

721.2.4.2 Minimum cover for R/C columns. The mini-
mum thickness of concrete cover to the main longitudi-
nal reinforcement in columns, regardless of the type of
aggregate used in the concrete, shall not be less than 1
inch (25 mm) times the number of hours of required fire
resistance or 2 inches (51 mm), whichever is less.

TABLE 721 .2.4
MINIMUM DIMENSION OF CONCRETE COLUIVINS (Inches)

TYPES OF
CONCRETE

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

A''

Siliceous

Carbonate

Sand-lightweight

8V,

\0%

For SI: 1 inch = 25 mm.

a. The minimum dimension is permitted to be reduced to 8 inches for rectangu-
lar columns with two parallel sides at least 36 inches in length.

b. The minimimi dimension is permitted to be reduced to 10 inches for rectan-
gular columns with two parallel sides at least 36 inches in length.

721.2.4.3 Columns built into walls. The minimum
dimensions of Table 721 .2.4 do not apply to a reinforced
concrete column that is built into a concrete or masonry
wall provided all of the following are met:

1 . The fire-resistance rating for the wall is equal to or
greater than the required rating of the column;

2. The main longitudinal reinforcing in the column
has cover not less than that required by Section
721.2.4.2; and

3. Openings in the wall are protected in accordance
with Table 715.4.

Where openings in the wall are not protected as
required by Section 715.4, the minimum, dimension of
columns required to have a fire-resistance rating of 3
hours or less shall be 8 inches (203 mm), and 10 inches
(254 mm) for columns required to have a fire-resistance
rating of 4 hours, regardless of the type of aggregate used
in the concrete.

721.2.4.4 Precast cover units for steel columns. See

Section 721.5.1.4.

TABLE 721.2.3(5)
MINIMUM COVER FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS OF ALL WIDTHS

RESTRAINED OR
UNRESTRAINED^

CONCRETE
AGGREGATE TYPE

BEAM AREA"
A (square inches)

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

Restrained

All

40 ^ A s 150

IV.

IV,

2V,

. —

Carbonate or
siliceous

150<As300

1V2

IV,

2V,

300 < A

l'/2

IV,

Sand lightweight

150 < A

IV,

Unrestrained

All

40 ^A s 150

2V,

Carbonate or
siliceous

150<A^300

IV,

IV4

2V,

—

300 < A

IV,

Sand lightweight

150 < A

IV,

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

b. The cross-sectional area of a stem is permitted to include a portion of the area in the flange, provided the width of the flange used in the calculation does not exceed
three times the average width of the stem.

c. U-shaped or hooped stirrups spaced not to exceed the depth of the member and having a minimum cover of 1 inch shall be provided.

210

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.3 Concrete masonry. The provisions of this section con-
tain procedures by which the fire-resistance ratings of concrete
masonry are established by calculations.

721.3.1 Equivalent thickness. The equivalent thickness of
concrete masonry construction shall be determined in
accordance with the provisions of this section.

721.3.1.1 Concrete masonry unit plus finishes. The

equivalent thickness of concrete masoruy assemblies,
r^g, shall be computed as the sum of the equivalent thick-
ness of the concrete masonry unit, T^, as determined by
Section 721.3.1.2, 721.3.1.3, or 721.3.1.4, plus the
equivalent thickness of finishes, 7,,^ determined in accor-
dance with Section 721.3.2:

Tea=Te+T,f (EquatioH 7-6)

T^ = V/LH = Equivalent thickness of concrete ma-
sonry unit (inch) (mm).

where:

V„ = Net volume of masonry unit (inch^) (nmi^).

L = Specified length of masonry unit (inch) (mm).

H = Specified height of masonry unit (inch) (mm).

721.3.1.2 Ungrouted or partially grouted construc-
tion. T^ shall be the value obtained for the concrete
masonry unit determined in accordance with ASTM C
140.

721.3.1.3 Solid grouted construction. The equivalent
thickness, T^, of solid grouted concrete masonry units is
the actual thickness of the unit.

721.3.1.4 Airspaces and cells filled with loose-fill
material. The equivalent thickness of completely filled
hollow concrete masonry is the actual thickness of the
unit when loose-fill materials are: sand, pea gravel,
crushed stone, or slag that meet ASTM C 33 require-
ments; pumice, scoria, expanded shale, expanded clay,
expanded slate, expanded slag, expanded fly ash, or cin-
ders that comply with ASTM C 33 1 ; or perlite or vermic-

ulite meeting the requirements of ASTM C 549 and
ASTM C 516, respectively.

721.3.2 Concrete masonry walls. The fire-resistance rat-
ing of walls and partitions constructed of concrete masonry
units shall be determined from Table 721.3.2. The rating
shall be based on the equivalent thickness of the masom:y
and type of aggregate used.

721.3.2.1 Finish on nonfire-exposed side. Where plas-
ter or gypsum wallboard is applied to the side of the wall
not exposed to fire, the contribution of the finish to the
total fire-resistance rating shall be determined as fol-
lows: The thickness of gypsum wallboard or plaster shall
be corrected by multiplying the actual thickness of the
finish by applicable factor determined from Table
721.2.1.4(1). This corrected thickness of finish shall be
added to the equivalent thickness of masonry and the
fire-resistance rating of the masonry and finish deter-
mined fi:om Table 721.3.2.

721.3.2.2 Finish on fire-exposed side. Where plaster or
gypsum wallboard is applied to the fire-exposed side of
the wall, the contribution of the finish to the total
fire-resistance rating shall be determined as follows: The
time assigned to the finish as established by Table
721.2.1.4(2) shall be added to the fire-resistance rating
determined in Section 721.3.2 for the masonry alone, or
in Section 721.3.2.1 for the masorury and finish on the
nonfire-exposed side.

721.3.2.3 Nonsymmetrical assemblies. For a wall hav-
ing no finish on one side or having different types or
thicknesses of finish on each side, the calculation proce-
dures of this section shall be performed twice, assuming
either side of the wall to be the fire-exposed side. The
fire-resistance rating of the wall shall not exceed the
lower of the two values calculated.

Exception: For exterior walls with more than 5 feet
(1524 nam) of horizontal separation, the fire shall be
assumed to occur on the interior side only.

TABLE 721 .3.2
MINIMUM EQUIVALENT THICKNESS (inches) OF BEARING OR NONBEARING CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS""'

TYPE OF AGGREGATE

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

3V,

Pumice or expanded slag

1.5

1.9

2.1

2.5

2.7

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.5

4.7

Expanded shale, clay or slate

1.8

2.2

2.6

2.9

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

4.9

5.1

Limestone, cinders or unexpanded slag

1.9

2.3

2.7

3.1

3.4

3.7

4.0

4.3

4.5

4.8

5.0

5.2

5.5

5.7

5.9

Calcareous or siliceous gravel

2.0

2.4

2.8

3.2

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

4.8

5.0

5.3

5.5

5.8

6.0

6.2

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Values between those shown in the table can be determined by direct interpolation.

b. Where combustible members are framed into the wall, the thickness of sohd material between the end of each member and the opposite face of the wall, or between
members set in from opposite sides, shall not be less than 93 percent of the thickness shown in the table.

c. Requkements of ASTM C 55, ASTM C 73 or ASTM C 90 shall apply.

d. Minimum required equivalent thickness coaesponding to the hourly fire-resistance rating for units with a combination of aggregate shall be determined by linear
interpolation based on the percent by volume of each aggregate used in manufacture.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

211

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.3.2.4 Minimum concrete masonry fire-resistance
rating. Where the finish applied to a concrete masonry
wall contributes to its fire-resistance rating, the masonry
alone shall provide not less than one-half the total
required fire-resistance rating.

721.3.2.5 Attachment of finishes. Installation of fin-
ishes shall be as follows:

1. Gypsum waUboard and gypsum lath applied to
concrete masonry or concrete walls shall be se-
cured to wood or steel furring members spaced not
more than 16 inches (406 mm) on center (o.c).

2. Gypsum wallboard shall be installed with the long
dimension parallel to the fiirring members and
shall have all joints finished.

3. Other aspects of the installation of finishes shall
comply with the appUcable provisions of Chapters
7 and 25.

721.3.3 Multiwythe masonry walls. The fire-resistance
rating of wall assemblies constructed of multiple wythes of
masonry materials shall be permitted to be based on the
fire-resistance rating period of each wythe and the continu-
ous airspace between each wythe in accordance with the fol-
lowing formula:

R^ = ( /?i0.59 + /?^0.59 +._, + ^^0.59 + ^j + ^^ +... + yl J1.7

(Equation 7-7)

where:

R], R2:

Fire-resistance rating of the assembly (hours).
,., R„ = Fire-resistance rating of wythes for 1, 2, k
(hours), respectively.

A], A2,—; A„ = 0.30, factor for each continuous airspace
for 1, 2,...n, respectively, having a depth of
V2 inch (12.7 mm) or more between
wythes.

721.3.4 Concrete masonry lintels. Fire-resistance ratings
for concrete masonry lintels shall be determined based upon
the nominal thickness of the lintel and the minimum thick-
ness of concrete masonry or concrete, or any combination
thereof, covering the main reinforcing bars, as determined
according to Table 721.3.4, or by approved alternate
methods.

TABLE 721.3.4

MINIMUM COVER OF LONGITUDINAL

REINFORCEMENT IN FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED

REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY LINTELS (inches)

NOMINAL WIDTH OF
LINTEL (inches)

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

IV,

„

IV,,

IV,

10 or greater

IV,

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

721.3.5 Concrete masonry columns. The fire-resistance
rating of concrete masonry columns shall be determined
based upon the least plan dimension of the column in accor-
dance witii Table 721 .3.5 or by approved alternate methods.

TABLE 721 .3.5

MINIMUM DIMENSION OF

CONCRETE MASONRY COLUMNS (inches)

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

8 inches

10 inches

12 inches

14 inches

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

721.4 Clay brick and tile masonry. The provisions of this sec-
tion contain procedures by which the fire-resistance ratings of
clay brick and tile masonry are established by calculations.

721.4.1 Masonry walls. The fire-resistance rating of
masonry walls shall be based upon the equivalent thickness
as calculated in accordance with this section. The calcula-
tion shall take into account finishes applied to the wall and
airspaces between wythes in multiwythe construction.

721.4.1.1 Equivalent thickness. The fire-resistance rat-
ings of walls or partitions constructed of solid or hollow
clay masonry units shall be determined from Table
721.4.1(1) or 721.4.1(2). The equivalent thickness of the
clay masonry unit shall be determined by Equation 7-8
when using Table 721.4.1(1). The fire-resistance rating
determined from Table 721.4.1(1) shall be permitted to
be used in the calculated fire-resistance rating procedure
in Section 721.4.2.

Te=V„/LH

(Equation 7-8)

TABLE 721 .4.1(1)
FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS OF CLAY MASONRY WALLS

MATERIAL TYPE

MINIMUM REQUIRED EQUIVALENT THICKNESS FOR FIRE RESISTANCE°''''°(lnches)

1 hour

2 hour

3 hour

4 hour

Solid brick of clay or shale''

2.7

3.8

4.9

6.0

Hollow brick or tile of clay or shale, unfilled

2.3

3.4

4.3

5.0

Hollow brick or tile of clay or shale, grouted or filled with
materials specified inSection721.4.1.1.3

3.0

4.4

5.5

6.6

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Equivalent thickness as determined from Section 721.4.1.1.

b. Calculated fire resistance between the hourly increments hsted shall be determined by linear interpolation.

c. Where combustible members are framed in the wall, the thickness of solid material between the end of each member and the opposite face of the wall, or between
members set in from opposite sides, shall hot be less than 93 percent of the thickness shown.

d. For units in which the net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any plane parallel to the surface containing the cores is at least 75 percent of the gross cross-sec-
tional area measured in the same plane.

212

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

where:

T^ = The equivalent thickness of the clay masonry unit
(inches).

V„ = The net volume of the clay masonry unit (inch^).

L =The specified length of the clay masonry unit
(inches).

H =The specified height of the clay masonry unit
(inches).

721.4.1.1.1 Hollow clay units. The equivalent thick-
ness, T^, shall be the value obtained for hollow clay
units as determined in accordance with ASTM C 67.

TABLE 721.4.1(5)
REINFORCED MASONRY LINTELS

TABLE 721 .4.1 (3)
VALUES OF fl„ °='

Rn°''

R (hours)

1.0

1.50

1.91

2.27

TABLE 721 .4.1 (4)
COEFFICIENTS FOR PLASTER, p/ =

THICKNESS OF
PLASTER (inch)

ONE SIDE

TWO SIDE

0.3

0.6

0.37

0.75

0.45

0.90

NOMINAL

LINTEL WIDTH

(Inches)

MINIMUM LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT COVER
FOR FIRE RESISTANCE (inch)

1 hour

2 hour

3 hour

4 hour

'NP

IV2

10 or more

IV2

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
NP = Not permitted.

TABLE 721 .4.1 (6)
REINFORCED CLAY MASONRY COLUMNS

COLUMN SIZE

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING
(hour)

Minimum column dimension (inches)

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Values listed in table are for 1:3 sanded gypsum plaster

721.4.1.1.2 Solid grouted clay units. The equivalent
thickness of solid grouted clay masonry units shall be
taken as the actual thickness of the units.

721.4.1.1.3 Units with filled cores. The equivalent
thickness of the hollow clay masonry units is the
actual thickness of the unit when completely filled
with loose-fill materials of: sand, pea gravel, crushed
stone, or slag that meet ASTM C 33 requirements;
pumice, scoria, expanded shale, expanded clay,
expanded slate, expanded slag, expanded fly ash, or
cinders in compliance with ASTM C 33 1 ; or perlite or
vermiculite meeting the requirements of ASTM C
549 and ASTM C 5 1 6, respectively.

TABLE 721 .4.1 (2)
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR BEARING STEEL FRAME BRICK VENEER WALLS OR PARTITIONS

WALL OR PARTITION ASSEMBLY

PLASTER SIDE
EXPOSED (hours)

BRICK FACED SIDE
EXPOSED (hours)

Outside facing of steel studs:

V/ wood fiberboard sheathing next to studs, %" airspace formed with

V4" X iVg" wood strips placed over the fiberboard and secured to the studs;

metal or wire lath nailed to such strips, 3%" brick veneer held in place by filling %"

airspace between the brick and lath with mortar. Inside facing of studs: V/ unsanded

gypsum plaster on metal or wire lath attached to Vi/ wood strips secured to edges of the

studs.

1.5

Outside facing of steel studs:

1" insulation board sheathing attached to studs, 1" airspace, and SV/ brick veneer

attached to steel frame with metal ties every 5th course. Inside facing of studs: Vg"

sanded gypsum plaster (1:2 mix) applied on metal or wire lath attached directly to the

studs.

1.5

Same as above except use %" vermiculite-gypsum plaster or 1" sanded gypsum plaster
(1:2 mix) applied to metal or wire.

Outside facing of steel studs:

V2" gypsum sheathing board, attached to studs, and 3V4"brick veneer attached to steel
frame with metal ties every 5th course. Inside facing of studs: V2" sanded gypsum plaster
(1:2 mix) applied toV2" perforated gypsum lath securely attached to studs and having
strips of metal lath 3 inches wide appUed to all horizontal joints of gypsum lath.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

213

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.4.1.2 Plaster finishes. Where plaster is applied to
the wall, the total fire-resistance rating shall be deter-
mined by the formula:

R=(R„°-'^+pl)'-'
where:

(Equation 7-9)

R = The fire-resistance rating of the assembly (hours).

/?„ = The fire-resistance rating of the individual wall
(hours).

pi = Coefficient for thickness of plaster.

Values for R,°-^^ for use in Equation 7-9 are given in
Table 721.4.1(3). Coefficients for thickness of plaster
shall be selected from Table 721.4.1(4) based on the
actual thickness of plaster appUed to the wall or partition
and whether one or two sides of the wall are plastered.

721.4.1.3 Multiwythe walls with airspace. Where a
continuous airspace separates multiple wythes of the
wall or partition, the total fire-resistance rating shall be
determined by the formula:

i? = (/?iO-59+i?2°-55-i-...-i-/?„o-59+fl5)i.7 (EquatioH 7-10)

where:

R = The fire-resistance rating of the assembly

(hours).

Ri, i?2 ^d i?,= The fire-resistance rating of the individ-
ual wythes (hours).

as = Coefficient for continuous airspace.

Values for R„°-^^ for use in Equation 7-10 are given in
Table 721.4.1(3). The coefficient for each continuous
airspace of Vj inch to 3 V2 inches (12.7 to 89 mm) separat-
ing two individual wythes shall be 0.3.

721.4.1.4 Nonsymmetrical assemblies. For a wall hav-
ing no finish on one side or having different types or
thicknesses of finish on each side, the calculation proce-
dures of this section shall be performed twice, assuming
either side to be the fire-exposed side of the wall. The fire
resistance of the wall shall not exceed the lower of the
two values determined.

Exception: For exterior walls with more than 5 feet
(1524 mm) of horizontal separation, the fire shall be
assumed to occur on the interior side only.

721.4.2 Multiwythe walls. The fire-resistance rating for
walls or partitions consisting of two or more dissimilar
wythes shall be permitted to be determined by the formula:

R = ( iJjO-^' +R2°-'^ +...+/?„"■«) 1-7

where:
R

(Equation 7-11)

= The fire-resistance rating of the assembly
(hours).

Rj, i?2 and R„ = The fire-resistance rating of the individual
wythes (hours).

Values for R,°-^^ for use in Equation 7-11 are given in
Table 721.4.1(3).

721.4.2.1 Multiwythe walls of different material. For

walls that consist of two or more wythes of different
materials (concrete or concrete masonry units) in combi-
nation with clay masonry units, the fire-resistance rating
of the different materials shall be permitted to be deter-
mined from Table 721.2.1.1 for concrete; Table 721.3.2
for concrete masonry units or Table 721.4.1(1) or
721.4.1(2) for clay and tile masonry units.

721.4.3 Reinforced clay masonry lintels. Fire-resistance
ratings for clay masonry lintels shall be determined based
on the nominal width of the lintel and the minimum cover-
ing for the longitudinal reinforcement in accordance with
Table 721.4.1(5).

721.4.4 Reinforced clay masonry columns. The fire-resis-
tance ratings shall be determined based on the last plan
dimension of the column in accordance with Table
721.4.1(6). The minimum cover for longitudinal reinforce-
ment shall be 2 inches (51 mm).

721.5 Steel assemblies. The provisions of this section contain
procedures by which the fire-resistance ratings of steel assem-
blies are established by calculations.

721.5.1 Structural steel columns. The fire-resistance rat-
ings of steel columns shall be based on the size of the ele-
ment and the type of protection provided in accordance with
this section.

721.5.1.1 General. These procedures establish a basis
for determining the fire resistance of column assemblies
as a function of the thickness of fire-resistant material
and, the weight, W, and heated perimeter, D, of steel col-
umns. As used in these sections. Wis the average weight
of a structural steel column in pounds per linear foot. The
heated perimeter, D, is the inside perimeter of the
fire-resistant material in inches as illusttated in Figure
721.5.1(1).

'riy:r./S'..'v>v.f!-:-^< ^

!g^

g^SS^

D=4bf+2d-2tw

D=2(a+d)

D=2{bf + d)

FIGURE 721.5.1(1)

DETERMINATION OF THE HEATED PERIMETER OF

STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS

721.5.1.1.1 Nonload-bearing protection. The appU-
cation of these procedures shall be Umited to column
assembUes in which the fire-resistant material is not
designed to carry any of the load acting on the
column.

721.5.1.1.2 Embedments. In the absence of substan-
tiating fire-endurance test results, ducts, conduit, pip-
ing, and similar mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
installations shall not be embedded in any required
fire-resistant materials.

214

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.5.1.1.3 Weight-to-perimeter ratio. Table
721.5.1(1) contains weight-to-heated-perimeter
ratios {W/D) for both contour and box fire-resistant
profiles, for the wide flange shapes most often used as
columns. For different fire-resistant protection pro-
files or column cross sections, the
weight-to-heated-perimeter ratios (WD) shall be
determined in accordance with the definitions given
in this section.

721.5.1.2 Gypsum wallboard protection. The fire
resistance of structural steel columns with weight-
to-heated-perimeter ratios (W/D) less than or equal to
3.65 and which are protected with Type X gypsum wall-
board shall be permitted to be determined from the fol-
lowing expression:

i?=130

h(W'ID)

(Equation 7-12)

where:

R = Fire resistance (minutes).

h = Total thickness of gypsum wallboard (inches).

D = Heated perimeter of the structural steel column
(inches).

W = Total weight of the structural steel column and
gypsum wallboard protection (pounds per linear
foot).

W = W + 50 /zD/144.

721.5.1.2.1 Attachment. The gypsum wallboard
shall be supported as illustrated in either Figure
721.5.1(2) for fire-resistance ratings of 4 hours or
less, or Figure 721 .5. 1 (3) for fire-resistance ratings of
3 hours or less.

721.5.1.2.2 Gypsum wallboard equivalent to con-
crete. The determination of the fire resistance of
structural steel columns from Figure 721.5.1(4) is
permitted for various thicknesses of gypsum wall-
board as a function of the weight-to-heated-perimeter
ratio (W/D) of the column. For structural steel col-
umns with weight-to-heated-perimeter ratios (W/D)
greater than 3.65, the thickness of gypsum wallboard
required for specified fire-resistance ratings shall be
the same as the thickness determined for a W 14 x 233
wide flange shape.

-aa^

I ?

I J

■No.8x1/2" SHEET STEEL
SCREWS SPACED 12"o.c.

3/4"

SNAP-LOCK PITTSBURGH SEAM

CORNER JOINT DETAILS (A)

LAP

FIGURE 721 .5.1 (2)
GYPSUM WALLBOARD PROTECTED STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS WITH SHEET STEEL COLUMN COVERS

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 305 mm.

1. Structural steel column, either wide flange or tubular shapes.

2. Type X gypsum wallboard in accordance with ASTM C 36. For single-layer applications, the wallboard shall be applied vertically with no horizontal joints. For
multiple-layer applications, horizontal joints are permitted at a minimum spacing of 8 feet, provided that the joints in successive layers are staggered at least 12
inches. The total required thickness of wallboard shall be determined on the basis of the specified fire-resistance rating and the weight- to-heated-perimeter ratio
(W/D) of the column. For fire-resistance ratings of 2 hours or less, one of the requbed layers of gypsum wallboard may be applied to the exterior of the sheet steel
column covers with 1-inch- long Type S screws spaced 1 inch from the wallboard edge and 8 inches on center. For such installations, 0.0149-inch minimum thick-
ness galvanized steel corner beads with lV2-inch legs shall be attached to the wallboard with I^pe S screws spaced 12 inches on center.

3. For fire-resistance ratings of 3 hours or less, the column covers shall be fabricated from 0.0239-inch minimum thickness galvanized or stainless steel. For 4-hour
fire-resistance ratings, the column covers shall be fabricated from 0.0239-inch minimum thickness stainless steeL The column covers shall be erected with the
Snap Lock or Pittsburgh joint details.

For fire-resistance ratings of 2 hours or less, column covers fabricated from 0.0269-inch minimum thickness galvanized or stainless steel shall be permitted to be
erected with lap joints. The lap joints shall be permitted to be located anywhere around the perimeter of the column cover. The lap joints shall be secured with
V2-inch-long No. 8 sheet metal screws spaced 12 inches on center.
The column covers shall be provided with a minimum expansion clearance of Vg inch per linear foot between the ends of the cover and any restraining construction.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

215

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

1 LAYER

A
= 5/8" OR 1/2"

2 LAYERS = 1 1/4" OR 1"

3 LAYERS = 1 7/8" OR 1 1/2"

4 LAYERS = 2 1/2" OR 2"

FIGURE 721.5.1(3)
GYPSUM WALLBOARD PROTECTED STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS WITH STEEL STUD/SCREW ATTACHMENT SYSTEM

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = -305 mm.

1. Structural steel column, either wide flange or tubular shapes.

2. iVg-inch deep studs fabricated from 0.0179-inch minimum thickness galvanized steel with l^/jg or l^/i^-inch legs. The length of the steel studs shall be V2 inch
less than the height of the assembly.

3. Type X gypsum wallboard in accordance with ASTM C 36. For single-layer applications, the wallboard shall be applied vertically with no horizontal joints. For
multiple-layer applications, horizontal joints are permitted at a minimum spacing of 8 feet, provided that the joints in successive layers are staggered at least 12
inches. The total required thickness of wallboard shall be determined on the basis of the specified fire-resistance rating and the weight-to-heated-perimeter ratio
(WD) of the column.

4. Galvanized 0.0 149-inch minimum thickness steel comer beads with 1 V2-inch legs attached to the wallboard with 1 -inch-long Type S screws spaced 1 2 inches on
center.

5. No. 18 SWG steel tie wires spaced 24 inches on center.

6. Sheet metal angles with 2-inch legs fabricated from 0.0221-inch minimum thickness galvanized steel.

7. Type S screws, 1 inch long, shall be used for attaching the first layer of wallboard to the steel studs and the third layer to the sheet metal angles at 24 inches on center.
Type S screws 1 %-inch long shall be used for attaching the second layer of wallboard to the steel studs and the fourth layer to the sheet metal angles at 1 2 inches on
center. Type S screws 2V4 inches long shall be used for attaching the third layer of wallboard to the steel studs at 12 inches on center.

1 1/2
1

21/2" 2" 17/8"

11/2"

1 1/4"

^-'

y'^

WTHSHT-TO-HEATED-PERIMETER RATIO {WBf

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per linear foot/inch = 0.059 kg/m/mm.

FIGURE 721 .5.1 (4)
FIRE RESISTANCE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS PROTECTED WITH VARIOUS THICKNESSES OF

TYPE X GYPSUM WALLBOARD

a. The W/D ratios for typical wide flange columns are listed in Table 721 .5. 1 (1). For other column shapes, the Vf/D ratios shall be determined in accordance with Sec-
tion 720.5.1.1.

216

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.5.1.3 Spray-applied fire-resistant materials. The

fire resistance of wide-flange structural steel columns
protected with spray-appUed fire-resistant materials, as
illustrated in Figure 721.5.1(5), shall be permitted to be
determined from the following expression:

R=[C^(W/D) + C2]h (Equation 7-13)

where:

= Fire resistance (minutes).

= Thickness of spray-applied fire-resistant material
(inches).

= Heated perimeter of the structural steel column
(inches).

Ci and C2 = Material-dependent constants.

W = Weight of structural steel columns (pounds per lin-
ear foot).

The fu-e resistance of structural steel columns pro-
tected with intumescent or mastic fire-resistant coat-
ings shall be determined on the basis of fire-resistance
tests in accordance with Section 703.2.

FIGURE 721.5.1(5)

WIDE FLANGE STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS WITH

SPRAY-APPLIED FIRE-RESISTANT MATERIALS

721.5.1.3.1 Material-dependent constants. The

material-dependent constants, Cj and C2, shall be
determined for specific fire-resistant materials on the
basis of standard fire endurance tests in accordance
with Section 703.2. Unless evidence is submitted to
the building official substantiating a broader applica-
tion, this expression shall be limited to determining
the fire resistance of structural steel columns with
weight-to-heated-perimeter ratios (W/D) between the
largest and smallest columns for which standard
fire-resistance test results are available.

721.5.1.3.2 Spray-applied identification.

Spray-applied fire-resistant materials shall be identi-
fied by density and thickness required for a given
fire-resistance rating.

721.5.1.4 Concrete-protected columns. The fire resis-
tance of structural steel columns protected with concrete,
as illustrated in Figure 721.5.1(6) (a) and (b), shall be
permitted to be determined from the following
expression:

R=R,(l + 0.03J (Equation 7-14)

where:

Ro = 10 (W£>)0' + 17 ih'-Vk°-^) X (1 + 26 iH/p,c,h (L -1-

h))0.8)

As used in these expressions:

R = Fire endurance at equilibrium moisture conditions
(minutes).

Ra = Fire endurance at zero moisture content (minutes) .

m = Equilibrium moisture content of the concrete by
volume (percent).

W = Average weight of the steel column (pounds per
linear foot).

D = Heated perimeter of the steel column (inches).

h = Thickness of the concrete cover (inches).

-3

^y^^^^K-

T-T'

(a)

PRECAST

CONCRblh

COLUMN

COVERS

(b)

CONCRtIb

ENCASED

STRUCTURAL

TUBE

FIGURE 721 .5.1 (6)

(C)

CONCRbib

ENCASED

WIDE-FLANGE

SHAPE

CONCRETE PROTECTED STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS^'"

a. When the inside perimeter of the concrete protection is not square, L shall be taken as the average of Lj andZ^. When the thickness of concrete cover is not constant,
h shall be taken as the average of h^ and /j2.

b. Joints shall be protected with a minimum 1 inch thickness of ceramic fiber blanket but in no case less than one-half the thickness of the column cover (see Section
720.2.1.3).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

217

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

k^ = Ambient temperature thermal conductivity of the
concrete (Btu/hr ft °F).

H = Ambient temperature thermal capacity of the steel
column = 0.1 IW (Btu/ ft °F).

p^ = Concrete density (pounds per cubic foot).

c<, = Ambient temperature specific heat of concrete
(Btu/lb °F).

L = Interior dimension of one side of a square concrete
box protection (inches).

721.5.1.4.1 Reentrant space filled. For wide-flange
steel columns completely encased in concrete with all
reentrant spaces filled [Figure 721.5.1(6)(c)], the
thermal capacity of the concrete within the reentrant
spaces shall be permitted to be added to the thermal
capacity of the steel column, as follows:

H =0.11 W+(p ,cJ144) (bjd - A,) (Equation 7-15)

where:

bf = Flange width of the steel column (inches).

d = Depthof the steel colunm (inches).

A^ = Cross-sectional area of the steel column (square
inches).

721.5.1.4.2 Concrete properties unknown. If spe-
cific data on the properties of concrete are not avail-
able, the values given in Table 721.5.1(2) are
permitted.

721.5.1.4.3 Minimum concrete cover. For structural
steel column encased in concrete with all reentrant
spaces filled, Figure 721.5. l(6)(c) and Tables
721.5.1(7) and 721.5.1(8) indicate the thickness of
concrete cover required for various fire-resistance rat-
ings for typical wide-flange sections. The thicknesses
of concrete indicated in these tables also apply to
structural steel columns larger than those listed.

721.5.1.4.4 Minimum precast concrete cover. For

structural steel columns protected with precast con-
crete colunm covers as shown in Figure 721 .5. 1 (6)(a),
Tables 721.5.1(9) and 721.5.1(10) indicate the thick-
ness of the column covers required for various
fibre-resistance ratings for typical wide-flange shapes.
The thicknesses of concrete given in these tables also
apply to structural steel columns larger than those
listed.

721.5.1.4.5 Masonry protection. The fire resistance
of structural steel columns protected with concrete
masonry units or clay masonry units as illustrated in
Figure 721.5.1(7), shall be permitted to be deter-
mined from the following expression:

R = 0.n (W/D)o-^ + [0.285 (T/-VK°-^)]
[1.0 + 42.7 {(A/4 Ty(0.25p + T,)m

(Equation 7-16)

where:

R = Fire-resistance rating of column assembly
(hours).

W = Average weight of steel column (pounds per
foot).

D = Heated perimeter of steel column (inches) [see
Figure 721.5.1(7)].

Tg = Equivalent thickness of concrete or clay ma-
sonry unit (inches) (see Table 721 .3.2 Note a or
Section 721.4.1).

K = Thermal conductivity of concrete or clay ma-
sonry unit (Btu/hr ft °F) [see Table 72 1 .5 . 1 (3)] .

A, = Cross-sectional area of steel column (square
inches).

d,„ = Density of the concrete or clay masonry unit
(pounds per cubic foot).

p = Inner perimeter of concrete or clay masonry
protection (inches) [see Figure 721.5.1(7)].

D=2(w+d)+2(w-t„,,)
w

D
D

nop

nan

W SHAPE COLUMN

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

LO
CM

D =7Cd

D
D
D

DDD

nan

, 0-25p ,

D
D
D

STEEL PIPE COLUMN STRUCTURAL TUBE COLUMN

FIGURE 721 .5.1 (7)
CONCRETE OR CLAY MASONRY PROTECTED STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS

d = Depth of a wide flange colunm, outside diameter of pipe column, or outside dimension of structural tubing column (inches).
/;,^= Thickness of web of wide flange column (inches).
w = Width of flange of wide flange column (inches).

218

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 721.5.1(1)
WD RATIOS FOR STEEL COLUMNS

STRUCTURAL
SHAPE

CONTOUR
PROFILE

BOX
PROFILE

STRUCTURAL
SHAPE

CONTOUR
PROFILE

BOX
PROFILE

W14 X 233

2.49

3.65

W10X112

1.78

2.57

x211

2.28

3.35

xlOO

1.61

2.33

xl93

2.10

3.09

x88

1.43

2.08

xl76

1.93

2.85

x77

1.26

1.85 ■

xl59

1.75

2.60

x68

1.13

1.66

xl45

1.61

2.39

x60

1.00

1.48

xl32

1.52

2.25

x54

0.91

1.34

xl20

1.39

2.06

x49

0.83

1.23

xl09

1.27

1.88

x45

0.87

1.24

x99

1.16

1.72

x39

0.76

1.09

x90

1.06

1.58

x33

0.65

0.93

x82

1.20

1.68

x74

1.09

1.53

W8 x67

1.34

1.94

x68

1.01

1.41

x58

1.18

1.71

x61

0.91

1.28

x48

0.99S

1.44

x53

0.89

1.21

x40

0.83

1.23

x48

0.81

1.10

x35

0.73

1.08

x43

0.73

0.99

x31

0.65

0.97

x28

0.67

0.96

W12 X 190

2.46

3.51

■x24

0.58

0.83

xl70

2.22

3.20

x21

0.57

0.77

xl52

2.01

2.90

xl8

0.49

0.67

xl36

1.82

2.63

xl20

1.62

2.36

W6x25

•0.69

1.00

xl06

1.44

2.11

x20

0.56

0.82

x96

1.32

1.93

xl6

0.57

0.78

x87

1.20

1.76

xl5

0.42

0.63

x79

1.10

1.61

xl2

0.43

0.60

x72

1.00

1.48

0.33

0.46

x65

0.91

1.35

x58

0.91

1.31

W5xl9

0.64

0.93

x53

0.84

1.20

xl6

0.54

0.80

x50

0.89

1.23

x45

0.81

1.12

W4xl3

0.54

0.79

x40

0.72

1.00

For SI: 1 pound per linear foot per inch = 0.059 kg/m/mm.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

219

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 721.5.1(2)
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

PROPERTY

NORMAL-WEIGHT CONCRETE

STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE

Thermal conductivity (fcj

0.95Btu/hrft°F

0.35Btu/hrft°F

Specific heat (c^)

0.20 Btu/lb °F

Density (P,)

145 Vo/fi?

llOlb/ft^

Equilibrium (free) moisture
content (m) by volume

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 Ib/tf = 16.0185 kg/m^ Btu/hr ft °F =1.731 W/(m • K).

TABLE 721.5.1(3)
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CONCRETE OR CLAY MASONRY UNITS

DENSITY (dj OF UNITS (Ib/te)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (K) OF UNITS (Btu/hr ft °F)

Concrete Masonry Units

0.207

0.228

0.252

0.278

100

0.308

105

0.340

110

0.376

115

0.416

120

0.459

125

0.508

130

0.561

135

0.620

140

0.685

145

0.758

150

0.837

Clay Masonry Units

120

1.25

130

2.25

For SI: 1 pound per cubic foot = 16.0185 kgAn^, Btu per hour foot °F =1.731 W/(m • K).

220

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 721.5.1(4)
WEIGHT-TO-HEATED-PERIMETER RATIOS (W/D) FOR TYPICAL WIDE FLANGE BEAM AND GIRDER SHAPES

STRUCTURAL
SHAPE

CONTOUR
PROFILE

BOX
PROFILE

STRUCTURAL
SHAPE

CONTOUR
PROFILE

BOX
PROFILE

W36 X 300

2.47

3.33

x68

0.92

1.21

x280

2.31

3.12

x62

0.92

1.14

x260

2.16

2.92

x55

0.82

1.02

x245

2.04

2.76

x230

1.92

2.61

W21 X 147

1.83

2.60

x210

1.94

2.45

xl32

1.66

2.35

xl94

1.80

2.28

xl22

1.54

2.19

xl82

1.69

2.15 ■

xlll

1.41

2.01

xl70

1.59

2.01

xlOl

1.29

1.84

xl60

1.50

1.90

X 93

1.38

1.80

xl50

1.41

1.79

X 83

1.24

1.62

xl35

1.28

1.63

X 73

1.10

1.44

X 68

1.03

1.35

W33 X 241

2.11

2.86

X 62

0.94

1.23

x221

1.94

2.64

X 57

0.93

1.17

x201

1.78

2.42

X 50

0.83

1.04

xl52

1.51

1.94

X 44

0.73

0.92

xl41

1.41

1.80

xl30

1.31

1.67 ■

W18X119

1.69

2.42

xll8

1.19

1.53

xl06

1.52

2.18

X 97

1.39

2.01

W30X211

2.00

2.74

X 86

1.24

1.80

xl91

1.82

2.50

X 76

1.11

1.60

xl73

1.66

2.28

X 71

1.21

1.59

xl32

1.45

1.85

X 65

1.11

1.47

xl24

1.37

1.75

X 60

1.03

1.36

xll6

1.28

1.65

X 55

0.95

1.26

xl08

1.20

1.54

X 50

0.87

1.15

X 99

1.10

1.42

X 46

0.86

1.09

X 40

0.75

0.96

W27 X 178

1.85

2.55

X 35

0.66 .

0.85

X 161

1.68

2.33

X 146

1.53

2.12

W16 X 100

1.56

2.25

X 114

1.36

1.76

X 89

1.40

2.03

X 102

1.23

1.59

X 77

1.22

1.78

X 94

1.13

1.47

X 67

1.07

1.56

X 84

1.02 .

1.33

X 57

1.07

1.43

X 50

0.94

1.26

X 45

0.85

1.15

W24 X 162

1.85

2.57

X 40

0.76

1.03

xl46

1.68

- 2.34

X 36

0.69

0.93

xl31

1.52

2.12

X 31

0.65

0.83

xll7

1.36

1.91

X 26

0.55

0.70

xl04

1.22

1.71

X 94

1.26

1.63

W14 X 132

1.83

3.00

X 84

1.13

1.47

xl20

1.67

2.75

X 76

1.03

1.34

xl09

1.53

2.52

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

(continued)

221

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 721.5.1(4)-continued
WEIGHT-TO-HEATED-PERIMETER RATIOS {W/D) FOR TYPICAL WIDE FLANGE BEAM AND GIRDER SHAPES

STRUCTURAL
SHAPE

CONTOUR
PROFILE

BOX
PROFILE

STRUCTURAL
SHAPE

CONTOUR
PROFILE

BOX
PROFILE

X 99

1.39

2.31

X 30

0.79

1.12

X 90

1.27

2.11

X 26

0.69

0.98

X 82

1.41

2.12

X 22

0.59

0.84

X 74

1.28

1.93

X 19

0.59

0.78

X 68

1.19

1.78

X 17

0.54

0.70

X 61

1.07

1.61

X 15

0.48

0.63

X 53

1.03

1.48

X 12

0.38

0.51

X 48

0.94

1.35

X 43

0.85

1.22

W8 X 67

1.61

2.55

X 38

0.79

1.09

X 58

1.41

2.26

X 34

0.71

0.98

X 48

1.18

1.91

X 30

0.63

0.87

X 40

1.00

1.63

X 26

0.61

0.79

X 35

0.88

1.44

X 22

0.52

0.68

X 31

0.79

1.29

X 28

0.80

1.24

W12x 87

1.44

2.34

X 24

0.69

1.07

X 79

1.32

2.14

X 21

0.66

0.96

X 72

1.20

1.97

X 18

0.57

0.84

X 65

1.09

1.79

X 15

0.54

0.74

X 58

1.08

1.69

X 13

0.47

0.65

X 53

0.99

1.55

X 10

0.37

0.51

X 50

1.04

1.54

X 45

0.95

1.40

W6 X 25

0.82

1.33

X 40

0.85

1.25

X 20

0.67

1.09

X 35

0.79

1.11

X 16

0.66

0.96

X 30

0.69

0.96

X 15

0.51

0.83

X 26

0.60

0.84

X 12

0.51

0.75

X 22

0.61

0.77

X 9

0.39

0.57

X 19

0.53

0.67

X 16

0.45

0.57

W5 X 19

0.76

1.24

X 14

0.40

0.50

X 16

0.65

1.07

W10xll2

2.14

3.38

W4 X 13

0.65

1.05

xlOO

1.93

3.07

X 88

1.70

2.75

X 77

1.52

2.45

X 68

1.35

2.20

X 60

1.20

1.97

X 54

1.09

1.79

X 49

0.99

1.64

X 45

1.03

1.59

X 39

0.94

1.40

X 33

0.77

1.20

For SI: Pounds per linear foot per inch = 0.059 kg/m/mm.

222

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 721 .5.1 (5)
FIRE RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE MASONRY PROTECTED STEEL COLUMNS

COLUMN
SIZE

CONCRETE

MASONRY DENSITY

POUNDS PER

CUBIC FOOT

MINIMUM REQUIRED EQUIVALENT
THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE

RATING OF CONCRETE MASONRY
PROTECTION ASSEMBLY, Te (inches)

- COLUMN
SIZE

CONCRETE

MASONRY DENSITY

POUNDS PER

CUBIC FOOT

MINIMUM REQUIRED EQUIVALENT
THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE

RATING OF CONCRETE MASONRY
PROTECTION ASSEMBLY.r, (inches)

1-hour

2-hour

3-hour

4-hour

1-hour

2-hour

3-hour

4-hour

W14 X 82

0.74

1.61

2.36

3.04

WIO X 68

0.72

1.58

2.33

3.01

100

0.89

1.85

2.67

3.40

100

0.87

1.83

2.65

3.38

110

0.96

1.97

2.81

3.57

110

0.94

1.95

2.79

3.55

120

1.03

2.08

2.95

3.73

120

1.01

2.66

2.94

3.72

W14 X 68

0.83

1.70

2.45

3.13

W10x54

0.88

1.76

2.53

3.21

100

0.99

1.95

2.76

3.49

100

1.04

2.01

2.83

3.57

110

1.06

2.06

2.91

3.66

110

1.11

2.12

2.98

3.73

120

1.14

2.18

3.05

3.82

120

1.19

2.24

3.12

3.90

W14 X 53

0.91

1.81

2.58

3.27

WIO X 45

0.92

1.83

2.60

3.30

100

1.07

2.05

2.88

3.62

100

1.08

2.07

2.90

3.64

110

1.15

2.17

3.02

3.78

110

1.16

2.18

3.04

3.80

120

1.22

2.28

3.16

3.94

120

1.23

2.29

3.18

3.96

W14 X 43

1.01

1.93

2.71

3.41

WIG X 33

1.06

2.00

2.79

3.49

100

1.17

2.17

3.00

3.74

100

1.22

2.23

3.07

3.81

110

1.25

2.28

3.14

3.90

110

1.30

2.34

3.20

3.96

120

1.32

2.38

3.27

4.05

120

1.37

2.44

3.33

4.12

W12x72

0.81

1.66

2.41

3.09

W8x40

0.94

1.85

2.63

3.33

100

0.91

1.88

2.70

3.43

100

1.10

2.10

2.93

3.67

110

0.99

1.99

2.84

3.60

110

1.18

2.21

3.07

3.83

120

1.06

2.10

2.98

3.76

120

1.25

2.32

3.20

3.99

W12x58

0.88

1.76

2.52

3.21

W8x31

1.06

2.00

2.78

3.49

100

1.04

2.01

2.83

3.56

100

1.22

2.23

3.07

3.81

110

1.11

2.12

2.97

3.73

110

1.29

2.33

3.20

3.97

120

1.19

2.23

3.11

3.89

120

1.36

2.44

3.33

4.12

W12 X 50

0.91

1.81

2.58

3.27

W8x24

1.14

2.09

2.89

3.59

100

1.07

2.05

2.88

3.62

100

1.29

2.31

3.16

3.90

110

1.15

2.17

3.02

3.78

110

1.36

2.42

3.28

4.05

120

1.22

2.28

3.16

3.94

120

1.43

2.52

3.41

4.20

W12 X 40

1.01

1.94

2.72

3.41

W8xl8

110

1.22

2.20

3.01

3.72

100

1.17

2.17

3.01

3.75

100

1.36

2.40

3.25

4.01

110

1.25

2.28

3.14

3.90

110

1.42

2.50

3.37

4.14

120

1.32

2.39

3.27

4.06

120

1.48

2.59

3.49

4.28

(continued)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

223

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 721.5.1(5)— continued
FIRE RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE MASONRY PROTECTED STEEL COLUMNS

NOMINAL TUBE

SIZE

(inches)

CONCRETE MASONRY

DENSITY, POUNDS PER

CUBIC FOOT

MINIMUM REQUIRED
EQUIVALENT THICKNESS
FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE
RATING OF CONCRETE
MASONRY PROTECTION
ASSEMBLY, r^ (inches)

NOMINAL PIPE

SIZE

(inches)

CONCRETE MASONRY
DENSITY, POUNDS
PER CUBIC FOOT

MINIMUM REQUIRED
EQUIVALENT THICKNESS
FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE
RATING OF CONCRETE
MASONRY PROTECTION
ASSEMBLY, 7^ (Inches)

1-hour

2-hour

3-hour

4-hour

1-hour

2-hour

3-hour

4-hour

4x4x Vzwall
thickness

0.93

1.90

2.71

3.43

4 double extra

strong 0.674

wall thickness

0.80

1.75

2.56

3.28

100

1.08

2.13

2.99

3.76

100

0.95

1.99

2.85

3.62

110

1.16

2.24

3.13

3.91

110

1.02

2.10

2.99

3.78

120

1.22

2.34

3.26

4.06

120

1.09

2.20

3.12

3.93

4x4x%wall
thickness

1.05

2.03

2.84

3.57

4 extra strong
0.337 wall
thickness

1.12

2.11

2.93

3.65

100

1.20

2.25

3.11

3.88

100

1.26

2.32

3.19

3.95

110

1.27

2.35

3.24

4.02

110

1.33

2.42

3.31

4.09

120

1.34

2.45

3.37

4.17

120

1.40

2.52

3.43

4.23

4x4 X V4wall
thickness

1.21

2.20

3.01

3.73

4 standard
0.237 wall
thickness

1.26

2.25

3.07

3.79

100

1.35

2.40

3.26

4.02

100

1.40

2.45

3.31

4.07

110

1.41

2.50

3.38

4.16

110

1.46

2.55

3.43

4.21

120

1.48

2.59

3.50

4.30

120

1.53

2.64

3.54

4.34

6x6x Vzwall
thickness

0.82

1.75

2.54

3.25

5 double extra

strong 0.750

wall thickness

0.70

1.61

2.40

3.12

100

0.98

1.99

2.84

3.59

100

0.85

1.86

2.71

3.47

110

1.05

2.10

2.98

3.75

110

0.91

1.97

2.85

3.63

120

1.12

2.21

3.11

3.91

120

0.98

2.02

2.99

3.79

6 X 6 X Vg wall
thickness

0.96

1.91

2.71

3.42

5 extra strong
0.375 wall
thickness

1.04

2.01

2.83

3.54

100

1.12

2.14

3.00

3.75

100

1.19

2.23

3.09

3.85

110

1.19

2.25

3.13

3.90

110

1.26

2.34

3.22

4.00

120

1.26

2.35

3.26

4.05

120

1.32

2.44

3.34

4.14

6 X 6 X V4 wall
thickness

1.14

2.11

2.92

3.63

5 standard
0.258 wall
thickness

1.20

2.19

3.00

3.72

100

1.29

2.32

3.18

3.93

100

1.34

2.39

3.25

4.00

110

1.36

2.43

3.30

4.08

110

1.41

2.49

3.37

4.14

120

1.42

2.52

3.43

4.22

120

1.47

2.58

3.49

4.28

8x8x 1/2 wall
thickness

0.77

1.66

2.44

3.13

6 double extra

strong 0.864

wall thickness

0.59

1.46

2.23

2.92

100

0.92

1.91

2.75

3.49

100

0.73

1.71

2.54

3.29

110

1.00

2.02

2.89

3.66

110

0.80

1.82

2.69

3.47

120

1.07

2.14

3.03

3.82

120

0.86

1.93

2.83

3.63

SxSxVjWall
thickness

0.91

1.84

2.63

3.33

6 extra strong
0,432 wall
thickness

0.94

1.90

2.70

3.42

100

1.07

2.08

2.92

3.67

100

1.10

2.13

2.98

3.74

110

1.14

2.19

3.06

3.83

110

1.17

2.23

3.11

3.89

120

1.21

2.29

3.19

3.98

120

1.24

2.34

3.24

4.04

8x8x1/4 wall
thickness

1.10

2.06

2.86

3.57

6 standard
0.280 waU
thickness

1.14

2.12

2.93

3.64

100

1.25

2.28

3.13

3.87

100

1.29

2.33

3.19

3.94

110

1.32

2.38

3.25

4.02

110

1.36

2.43

3.31

4.08

120

1.39

2.48

3.38

4.17

120

1.42

2.53

3.43

4.22

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per cubic feet = 16.02 kg/4n^.

Note: Tabulated values assume 1-inch air gap between masonry and steel section.

224

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 721 .5.1 (6)
FIRE RESISTANCE OF CLAY MASONRY PROTECTED STEEL COLUMNS

COLUMN SIZE

CLAY

MASONRY

DENSITY,

POUNDS PER

CUBIC FOOT

MINIMUM REQUIRED EQUIVALENT
THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE

RATING OF CLAY MASONRY
PROTECTION ASSEMBLY,!, (Inches)

COLUMN SIZE

CLAY

MASONRY

DENSITY,

POUNDS PER

CUBIC FOOT

MINIMUM REQUIRED EQUIVALENT
THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE

RATING OF CLAY MASONRY
PROTECTION ASSEMBLY, r„ (inches)

1-hour

2-hour

3-hour

4-hour

1-hour

2-hour

3-hour

4-hour

W14 X 82

120

1.23

2.42

3.41

4.29

WIO X 68

120

1.27

2.46

3.26 .

4.35

130

1.40

2.70

3.78

4.74

130

1.44

2.75

3.83

4.80

W14x68

120

1.34

2.54

3.54

4.43

WIO X 54

120

1.40

2.61

3.62

4.51

130

1.51

2.82

3.91

4.87

130

1.58

2.89

3.98

4.95

W14x53

120

1.43

2.65

3.65

4.54

WIO X 45

120

1.44

2.66

3.67

4.57

130

1.61

2.93

4.02

4.98

130

1.62

2.95

4.04

5.01

W14 X 43

120

1.54

2.76

3.77

4.66

WIO X 33

120

1.59

2.82

3.84

4.73

130

1.72

3.04

4.13

5.09

130

1.77

3.10

4.20

5.13

W12 X 72

120

1.32

2.52

3.51

4.40

W8x40

120

1.47

2.70

3.71

4.61

130

1.50

2.80

3.88

4.84

130

1.65

2.98

4.08

5.04

W12 X 58

120

1.40

2.61

3.61

4.50

W8x31

120

1.59

2.82

3.84

4.73

130

1.57

2.89

3.98

4.94

130

1.77

3.10

4.20

5.17

W12 X 50

120

1.43

2.65

3.66

4.55

W8x24

120

1.66

2.90

3.92

4.82

130

1.61

2.93

4.02

4.99

130

1.84

3.18

4.28

5.25

W12x40

120

1.54

2.77

3.78

4.67

W8xl8

120

1.75

3.00

4.01

4.91

130 1.72

3.05

4.14

5.10

130

1.93

3.27

4.37

5.34

STEEL TUBING

STEEL PIPE

NOMINAL TUBE
SIZE (Inches)

CLAY

MASONRY

DENSITY,

POUNDS PER

CUBIC FOOT

MINIMUM REQUIRED EQUIVALENT
THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE

RATING OF CLAY MASONRY
PROTECTION ASSEMBLY,!. (Inches)

NOMINAL PIPE
SIZE (inches)

CLAY

MASONRY

DENSITY,

POUNDS PER

CUBIC FOOT

MINIMUM REQUIRED EQUIVALENT
THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE

RATING OF CLAY MASONRY
PROTECTION ASSEMBLY, r^ (Inches)

1-hour

2-hour

3-hour

4-hour

1-hour

2-hour

3-hour

4-hour

4x4x Vjwall
thickness

120

1.44

2.72

3.76

4.68

4 double extra

strong 0.674

wall thickness

120

1.26

2.55

3.60

4.52

130

1.62

3.00

4.12

5.11

130

1.42

2.82

3.96

4.95

4x4x^8 wall
thickness

120

1.56

2.84

3.88

4.78

4 extra strong

0.337
wall thickness

120

1.60

2.89

3.92

4.83

130

1.74

3.12

4.23

5.21

130

1.77

3.16

4.28

5.25

4x4x V4wall
thickness

120

1.72

2.99

4.02

4.92

4 standard

0.237

wall thickness

120

1.74

3.02

4.05

4.95

130

1.89

3.26

4.37

5.34

130

1.92

3.29

4.40

5.37

6x6x Vjwall
thickness

120

1.33

2.58

3.62

4.52

5 double extra

strong 0.750

wall thickness

120

1.17

2.44

3.48

4.40

130

1.50

2.86

3.98

4.96

130

1.33

2.72

3.84

4.83

6 X 6 X Vg wall
thickness

120

1.48

2.74

3.76

4.67

5 extra strong

0.375
wall thickness

120

1.55

2.82

3.85

4.76

130

1.65

3.01

4.13

5.10

130

1.72

3.09

4.21

5.18

6x6x V4wall
thickness

120

1.66

2.91

3.94

4.84

5 standard

0.258

wall thickness

120

1.71

2.97

4.00

4.90

130

1.83

3.19

4.30

5.27

130

1.88

3.24

4.35

5.32

8x8x Vjwall
thickness

120

1.27

2.50

.3.52

4.42

6 double extra

strong 0.864

wall thickness

120

1.04

2.28

3.32

4.23

130

1.44

2.78

3.89

4.86

130

1.19

2.60

3.68

4.67

SxSxVgwall
thickness

120

1.43

2.67

3.69

4.59

6 extra strong

0.432
wall thickness

120

1.45

2.71

3.75

4.65

130

1.60

2.95

4.05

5.02

130

1.62

2.99

4.10

5.08

8x8x V4wall
thickness

120

1.62

2.87

3.89

4.78

6 standard

0.280

wall thickness

120

1.65

2.91

3.94

4.84

130

1.79

3.14

4.24

5.21

130

1.82

3.19

4.30

5.27

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

225

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 721.5.1(7)

MINIMUM COVER (inch) FOR STEEL COLUMNS

ENCASED IN NORMAL-WEIGHT CONCRETE"

[FIGURE 721 .5.1 (6)(c)]

STRUCTURAL
SHAPE

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

W14 X 233

IV,

xl76

2V,

xl32

X 90

IV,

X 61

X 48

IV,

2V,

X 43

W12 X 152

2V,

X 96

X 65

l'/2

iv.

X 50

2V,

X 40

W10x88

IV,

X 49

2V,

X 45

X 39

3V,

X 33

W8x67

IV,

2V,

X 58

X 48

IV,

3V,

X 31

X 21

X 18

W6x25

3
3V,

3V,

X 20

2V,

X 16

X 15

IV.

X 9

TABLE 721 .5.1 (8)
MINIMUM COVER (inch) FOR STEEL COLUMNS
ENCASED IN STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE"
[FIGURE 721 .5.1 (6)(c)]

STRUCTURAL
SHAPE

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (HOURS)

W14 X 233

IV,

xl93

IV,

X 74

X 61

2V,

X 43

iv.

W12x 65

IV,

X 53

2V,

X 40

IV,

W10xll2

IV,

X 88

X 60

2V,

X 33

IV,

W8 X 35

IV,

2V,

X 28

X 24

2V,

X 18

IV,

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. The tabulated thicknesses are based upon the assumed properties of struc-
tural lightweight concrete given in Table 721.5.1(2).

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. The tabulated thicknesses are based upon the assumed properties of nor-
mal-weight concrete given in Table 721.5.1(2).

226

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 721 .5.1 (9)

MINIMUM COVER (inch) FOR STEEL COLUMNS

IN NORMAL-WEIGHT PRECAST COVERS"

[FIGURE 721 .5.1 (6)(a)]

TABLE 721.5.1(10)

MINIMUM COVER (inch) FOR STEEL COLUMNS

IN STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT PRECAST COVERS"

[FIGURE 721 .5.1 (6)(a)l

STRUCTURAL
SHAPE

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

W14 X 233

IV2

IV,

IV2

2V,

x211

3V,

xl76

xl45

xl09

2V,

X 99

X 61

3V,

X 43

4V,

W12 X 190

IV2

IV,

2V,

3V,

xl52

xl20

X 96

X 87

2V,

3V,

X 58

4V,

X 40

WlOx 112

IV,

3V,

X 88

X 77

2V,

X 54

3V,

X 33

4V,

W8 X 67'

IV,

X 58

2V,

3V,

X 48

X 28

4V,

X 21

2V,

X 18

W6 X 25

IV,

2V,

3V,

4V,

X 20

2V,

X 16

X 12

X 9

STRUCTURAL
SHAPE

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

W14 X 233

IV,

2V,

xl76

xl45

2V,

xl32

xl09

X 99

X 68

3V,

X 43

W12 X 190

IV,

2V,

xl52

xl36

xl06

2V,

X 96

3V,

X 87

X 65

X 40

W10xll2

IV,

xlOO

2V,

X 88

X 77

3V,

X 60

X 39

X 33

W8 X 67

IV,

2V,

X 48

3V,

X 35

X 28

X 18

2V,

W6 X 25

IV,

3V,

X 15

2V,

X 9

3V,

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. The tabulated thicknesses are based upon the assumed properties of nor-
mal-weight concrete given in Table 721.5.1(2).

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. The tabulated thicknesses are based upon the assumed properties of struc-
tural lightweight concrete given in Table 721.5.1(2).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

227

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.5.1.4.6 Equivalent concrete masonry thick-
ness. For structural steel columns protected with con-
crete masonry, Table 721.5.1(5) gives the equivalent
thickness of concrete masonry required for various
fire-resistance ratings for typical column shapes. For
structural steel columns protected with clay masonry,
Table 721.5.1(6) gives the equivalent thickness of
concrete masonry required for various fire-resistance
ratings for typical column shapes.

721.5.2 Structural steel beams and girders. The

fire-resistance ratings of steel beams and girders shall be
based upon the size of the element and the type of protection
provided in accordance with this section.

721.5.2.1 Determination of fire resistance. These pro-
cedures establish a basis for determining resistance of
structural steel beams and girders which differ in size
from that specified in approved fire-resistance-rated
assemblies as a function of flie thickness of fire-resistant
material and the weight ( W) and heated perimeter ( £* ) of
the beam or girder. As used in these sections, W is the
average weight of a structural steel member in pounds
per linear foot (plf). The heated perimeter, D, is the inside
perimeter of fee fire-resistant material in inches as
illustrated in Figure 721.5.2.

D = 3bf + 2d-2t|^

D = 2d+bf

FIGURE 721 .5.2

DETERMINATION OF THE HEATED PERIMETER OF

STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS

721.5.2.1.1 Weight-to-heated perimeter. The

weight-to-heated-perimeter ratios (W/D ), for both
contour and box fire-resistant protection profiles, for
the wide flange shapes most often used as beams or
gurders are given in Table 721.5.1(4). For different
shapes, the weight-to-heated-perimeter ratios ( W/D )
shall be determined in accordance with the definitions
given in this section.

721.5.2.1.2 Beam and girder substitutions. Except
as provided for in Section 721.5.2.2, structural steel
beams in approved fire-resistance-rated assemblies
shall be considered the minimum permissible size.
Other beam or girder shapes shall be permitted to be
substituted provided that die weight-to-heated-perim-
eter ratio (W/D ) of the substitute beam is equal to or
greater than that of the beam specified in the approved
assembly.

721.5.2.2 Spray-applied fire-resistant materials. The

provisions in this section apply to structural steel beams
and girders protected with spray-applied fire-resistant
materials. Larger or smaller beam and gurder shapes shall
be permitted to be substituted for beams specified in
approved unrestrained or restrained fire-resistance-rated
assemblies, provided the thickness of the fire-resistant
material is adjusted in accordance with the following
expression:

^2 =^1 [{Wi / A) + 0-60]/[(W2 /£'2) + 0-60]

(Equation 7-17)

where:

h = Thickness of spray-applied fire-resistant material
in inches.

W = Weight of the structural steel beam or girder in
pounds per linear foot.

D = Heated perimeter of the structural steel beam in
inches.

Subscript 1 refers to the beam and fire-resistant mate-
rial thickness in the approved assembly.

Subscript 2 refers to the substitute beam or girder and
the required thickness of fire-resistant material.

The fire resistance of structural steel beams and gird-
ers protected with intumescent or mastic fire-resistant
coatings shall be determined on the basis of fire-resis-
tance tests in accordance with Section 703.2.

721.5.2.2.1 Minimum thickness. The use of Equa-
tion 7-17 is subject to the following conditions:

1. The weight-to-heated-perimeter ratio for the
substitute beam or girder {W2/D2 ) shall not be
less than 0.37.

2. The thickness of fure protection materials calcu-
lated for the substitute beam or girder (T,) shall
not be less than Vg inch (9.5 nam).

3 . The unrestrained or restrained beam rating shall
not be less than 1 hour.

4. When used to adjust the material thickness for a
restrained beam, the use of this procedure is
limited to steel sections classified as compact in
accordance with the AISC Specification for
Structural Steel Buildings, (AISC-360-05).

721.5.2.3 Structural steel trusses. The fixe resistance of
structural steel trusses protected with fire-resistant mate-
rials spray-applied to each of the individual truss ele-
ments shall be permitted to be determined in accordance
with this section. The thickness of the fire-resistant mate-
rial shall be determined in accordance with Section
721.5.1.3. The weight-to-heated-perimeter ratio (W/D)
of truss elements that can be simultaneously exposed to
fire on all sides shall be determined on the same basis as
columns, as specified in Section 721.5.1.1. The
weight-to-heated-perimeter ratio (W/D) of truss ele-
ments that directly support floor or roof construction

228

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

shall be determined on the same basis as beams and gird-
ers, as specified in Section 721.5.2.1.

The foe resistance of structural steel trusses protected
with intumescent or mastic fire-resistant coatings shall
be determined on the basis of fire-resistance tests in
accordance with Section 703.2.

721.6 Wood assemblies. The provisions of this section contain
procedures by which the fire-resistance ratings of wood assem-
blies are established by calculations.

721.6.1 General. This section contains procedures for cal-
culating the fire-resistance ratings of walls, floor/ceiling
and roof/ceihng assemblies based in part on the standard
method of testing referenced in Section 703.2.

721.6.1.1 Maximum fire-resistance rating. Fire-resis-
tance ratings calculated using the procedures in this sec-
tion shall be used only for 1-hour rated assemblies.

721.6.1.2 Dissimilar membranes. Where dissimilar
membranes are used on a wall assembly, the calculation
shall be made from the least fire-resistant (weaker) side.

721.6.2 Walls, floors and roofs. These procedures apply to
both load-bearing and nonload-bearing assemblies.

721.6.2.1 Fire-resistance rating of wood frame assem-
blies. The fire-resistance rating of a wood frame assem-
bly is equal to the sura of the time assigned to the
membrane on the fire-exposed side, the time assigned to
the framing members and the time assigned for addi-

tional contribution by other protective measures such as
insulation. The membrane on the unexposed side shall
not be included in determining the fire resistance of the
assembly.

721.6.2.2 Time assigned to membranes. Table
721.6.2(1) indicates the time assigned to membranes on
the fire-exposed side.

721.6.2.3 Exterior walls. For an exterior wall having
more than 5 feet (1524 mm) of horizontal separation, the
wall is assigned a rating dependent on the interior mem-
brane and the framing as described in Tables 721.6.2(1)
and 721.6.2(2). The membrane on the outside of the
nonfire-exposed side of exterior walls having more than
5 feet ( 1 524 nun) of horizontal separation may consist of
sheathing, sheathing paper, and siding as described in
Table 721.6.2(3).

721.6.2.4 Floors and roofs. In the case of a floor or roof,
the standard test provides only for testing for fire expo-
sure from below. Except as noted in Section 703.3, Item
5 , floor or roof assemblies of wood firaming shall have an
upper membrane consisting of a subfloor and finished
floor conforming to Table 721.6.2(4) or any other mem-
brane that has a contribution to fire resistance of at least
15 minutes in Table 721.6.2(1).

721.6.2.5 Additional protection. Table 721.6.2(5) indi-
cates the time increments to be added to the fire resis-
tance where glass fiber, rockwool, slag mineral wool, or
cellulose insulation is incorporated in the assembly.

TABLE 721.6.2(1)
TIME ASSIGNED TO WALLBOARD MEMBRANES""""

DESCRIPTION OF FINISH

TIME° (minutes)

Vg-inch wood structural panel bonded with exterior glue

^V32-inch wood structural panel bonded with exterior glue

'%2-™ch wood structural panel bonded with exterior glue

Vg-inch gypsum wallboard

Vj-inch gypsum wallboard

Vg-inch gypsum wallboard

V2-inch Type X gypsum wallboard

Vg-inch Type X gypsum wallboard

Double %-inch gypsum wallboard

V2- + Vg-inch gypsum wallboard

Double V2-inch gypsum wallboard

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. These values apply only when membranes are installed on framing members which are spaced 16 inches o.c.

b. Gypsum wallboard installed over framing or furring shall be installed so that all edges are supported, except %-inch Type X gypsum wallboard shall be permitted
to be installed horizontally with the horizontal joints staggered 24 inches each side and unsupported bit finished.

c. On wood frame floor/ceihng or roof/ceiling assemblies, gypsum board shall be installed with the long dimension perpendicular to framing members and shall have
all joints finished.

d. The membrane on the unexposed side shall not be included in determining the fire resistance of the assembly. When dissimilar membranes are used on a wall assembly, the
calculation shall be made from the least fire-resistant (weaker) side.

e. The time assigned is not a finished rating.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

229

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 721.6.2(2)
TIME ASSIGNED FOR CONTRIBUTION OF WOOD FRAME ^■'■^

DESCRIPTION

TIME ASSIGNED TO FRAME (minutes)

Wood studs 16 inches o.c.

Wood floor and roof joists 16 inches o.c.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. This table does not apply to studs or joists spaced more than 16 inches o.c.

b. All studs shall be nominal 2x4 and all joists shall have a nominal thickness of at least 2 inches.

c. Allowable spans for joists shall be determined in accordance with Sections 2308.8, 2308.10.2 and 2308.10.3.

TABLE 721.6.2(3)
MEMBRANE' ON EXTERIOR FACE OF WOOD STUD WALLS

SHEATHING

PAPER

EXTERIOR FINISH

Vg-inch T & G lumber

Lumber siding

Vig-inch exterior glue wood structural panel

Sheathing paper

Wood shingles and shakes

V2-inch gypsum wallboard

V4-inch wood structural panels — exterior type

Vg-inch gypsum wallboard

V4-inch hardboard

Vz-inch fiberboard

Metal siding
Stucco on metal lath
Masonry veneer

None

—

Vg-inch exterior-grade wood structural panels

For SI: 1 pound/cubic foot = 16.0185 kgAn^.

a. Any combination of sheathing, paper and exterior finish is permitted.

TABLE 721 .6.2(4)
FLOORING OR ROOFING OVER WOOD FRAMING"

ASSEMBLY

STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS

SUBFLOOR OR ROOF DECK

FINISHED FLOORING OR ROOFING

Hoor

Wood

''/32-inch wood structural panels or
'V16 inch T & G softwood

Hardwood or softwood flooring on building paper resilient
flooring, parquet floor felted-synthetic fiber floor coverings,
carpeting, or ceramic tile on %-inch-thick panel-type underlay

Ceramic tile on 1 V4-inch mortar bed

Roof

Wood

''/32-inch wood structural panels or
'V16 inch T & G softwood

Finished roofing material with or without insulation

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. This table applies only to wood joist construction. It is not applicable to wood truss construction.

TABLE 721 .6.2(5)
TIME ASSIGNED FOR ADDITIONAL PROTECTION

DESCRIPTION OF ADDITIONAL PROTECTION

FIRE RESISTANCE (minutes)

Add to the fire-resistance rating of wood stud walls if the spaces between the studs are completely filled
with glass fiber mineral wool batts weighing not less than 2 pounds per cubic foot (0.6 pound per square
foot of wall surface) or rockwool or slag material wool batts weighing not less than 3.3 pounds per cubic
foot (1 pound per square foot of wall surface), or cellulose insulation having a nominal density not less
than 2.6 pounds per cubic foot.

For SI: 1 pound/cubic foot = 1 6.0 1 85 kgAn^

230

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

721.6.2.6 Fastening. Fastening of wood frame assem-
blies and the fastening of membranes to the wood fram-
ing members shall be done in accordance with Chapter
23.

721.6.3 Design of fire-resistant exposed wood members.

The foe-resistance rating, in minutes, of timber beams and
columns with a minimum nominal dimension of 6 inches
(152 mm) is equal to:

Beams: l.SAZb [4 - 2{b/d)\ for beams which may be ex-
posed to fire on four sides.

(Equation 7-18)
2.5AZb [4 -{b/d}] for beams which may be ex-
posed to fire on three sides.

(Equation 7-19)

Columns: 2.5AZd [3 -{d/b)] for columns which may be ex-
posed to fire on four sides

(Equation 7-20)
2.54Zd [3 -id/2b)] for columns which may be ex-
posed to fire on three sides.

(Equation 7-21)

where:

b = The breadth (width) of a beam or larger side of
acolurrm before exposure to fire (inches).

= The depth of a beam or smaller side of a column be-
fore exposure to fire (inches).

= Load factor, based on Figure 721.6.3(1).

721.6.3.1 Equation 7-21. Equation 7-21 applies only
where the unexposed face represents the smaller side of
the column. If a column is recessed into a wall, its full
dimension shall be used for the purpose of these calcula-
tions.

721.6.3.2 Allowable loads. Allowable loads on beams
and columns are determined using design values given in
AF&FANDS.

721.6.3.3 Fastener protection. Where minimum 1-hour
foe resistance is required, connectors and fasteners shall
be protected from foe exposure by 1 '4 inches (38 mm) of
wood, or other approved covering or coating for a 1-hour
rating. Typical details for commonly used fasteners and
connectors are shown in AITC Technical Note 7;

721.6.3.4 Minimum size. Wood members are limited to
dimensions of 6 inches (152 mm) nominal or greater.
Glued-laminated timber beams utilize standard laminat-
ing combinations except that a core lamination is
removed. The tension zone is moved inward and the
equivalent of an extra nominal 2-inch-thick (51 mm)
outer tension lamination is added.

1.60

1.50

1.40

Z 1.30

1.20

1.10

1.0

COLUM

NSKgl/d-

L11

BEAMS
Kel/d>

- COLUM
11

MS >

^^.^

40 50 60 70 80 90 100

LOAD ON MEMBERS AS A PERCENT OF DESIGN LOAD

FIGURE 721 .6.3(1)
LOAD FIGURE

K£= The effective length factor as noted in Figure 721.6.3(2).
/ = The unsupported length of columns (inches).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

231

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

BUCKLING MODES

THEORETICAL Kq VALUE

RECOMMENDED DESIGN Kg
WHEN IDEAL CONDITIONS
APPROXIMATED

END CONDITION CODE

12^

7P>

0.5

0.65

0.7

0.80

1.0

1.2

1,0

1.0

2.0

2.10

2.0

2.4

ROTATION FIXED. TRANSLATION FIXED
ROTATION FREE, TRANSLATION FIXED

ROTATION FIXED. TRANSLATION FREE
ROTATION FREE, TRANSLATION FREE

FIGURE 721 .6.3(2)
EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTORS

232

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 7A - MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

1 .

-Adopt Entire California Chapter

♦

Adopt Entire California Chapter
as amended (amended sections-
listed below)

^^dopt only those sections that
e listed below

•

Chapter / Section

Codes

The ♦ designation indicates that the Office of the State Fire IVIarshal's adoption of this chapter or individual
sections is applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 and DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

233

234 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 7 A [SFM]

MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR
EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

SECTION 701 A
SCOPE, PURPOSE AND APPLICATION

701 A. 1 Scope. This chapter applies to building materials, sys-
tems and/or assemblies used in the exterior design and con-
struction of new buildings located within a Wildland-Urban
Interface Fire Area as defined in Section 702A.

701A.2 Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to establish
minimum standards for the protection of life and property by
increasing the ability of a building located in any Fire Hazard
Severity Zone within State Responsibility Areas or any
Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area to resist the intrusion of
flames or burning embers projected by a vegetation fire and
contributes to a systematic reduction in conflagration losses.

701 A.3 Application. New buildings located in any Fire Hazard
Severity Zone within State Responsibility Areas or any
Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area designated by the enforc-
ing agency for which an application for a building permit is
submitted on or after December 1, 2005, shall comply with the
following sections:

1. 704A.1— Roofing

2. 704A.2 — Attic Ventilation

701A.3.1 Alternates formaterials, design, tests, and meth-
ods of construction. The enforcing agency is permitted to
modify the provisions of this chapter for site-specific condi-
tions in accordance with Appendix Chapter I, Section
104.10. When required by the enforcing agency for the pur-
poses of granting modifications, a fire protection plan shall
be submitted in accordance with the California Fire Code,
Chapter 47.

701A.3.2 New buildings locatedin any fire hazard severity
zone. New buildings located in any Fire Hazard Severity
Zone, or any Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area desig-
nated by the enforcing agency for which an application for a
building permit is submitted on or after January 1, 2008,
shall comply with all sections of this chapter.

701A.3.2.1 Inspection and certification. Building per-
mit applications and final completion approvals for
buildings within the scope and application of this chap-
ter shall comply with the following:

701A.3.2.2 The local building official shall, prior to con-
struction, provide the owner or applicant a certification
that the building as proposed to be built complies with all
applicable state and local building standards, including
those for materials and construction methods for wildfire
exposure as described in this chapter

701A.3.2.3 The local building official shall, upon com-
pletion of construction, provide the owner or applicant
with a copy of the final inspection report that demon-
strates the building was constructed in compliance with
all applicable state and local building standards, includ-

ing those for materials and construction methods for
wildlife exposure as described in this chapter.

701A.3.2.4 Prior to. building permit final approval the
property shall be in compliance with the vegetation
clearance requirements prescribed in California Public
Resources Code 4291 California Government Code Sec-
tion 51182.

SECTION 702A
DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this chapter, certain terms are defined
below:

CDF DIRECTOR means the Director of the California
Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

FIRE PROTECTION PLAN is a document prepared for a
specific project or development proposed for a Wildland Urban
Interface Fire Area. It describes ways to minimize and mitigate
potential for loss from wildfire exposure.

The Fire Protection Plan shall be in accordance with this
chapter and the California Fire Code, Chapter 47. When
required by the enforcing agency for the purposes of granting
modifications, a fire protection plan shall be submitted. Only
locally adopted ordinances that have been filed with the Cali-
fornia Building Standards Commission or the Department of
Housing and Community Development in accordance with
Section 101.8 shall apply.

FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONES are geographical areas
designated pursuant to California Public Resources Codes
Sections 4201 through 4204 and classified as Very High, High,
or Moderate in State Responsibility Areas or as Local Agency
Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones designated pursuant to
California Government Code, Sections 51175 through 51189.
See California Fire Code Article 86.

The California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section 1280,
entitles the maps of these geographical areas as "Maps of the
Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the State Responsibility Area of
California."

IGNITION-RESISTANT MATERIAL is any product which,
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 for a period of 30
minutes, shall have afiame spread of not over 25 and show no
evidence of progressive combustion. In addition, the fiame
front shall not progress more than 10V2feet (3200 mm) beyond
the centerline of the burner at any time during the test.

Materials shall pass the accelerated weathering test and be
identified as exterior type, in accordance with ASTM D 2898
and ASTM D 3201. All materials shall bear identification
showing the fire performance rating thereof. That identifica-
tion shall be issued by ICC-ES or a testing facility recognized

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

235

MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

by the State Fire Marshal having a service for inspection of
materials at the factory.

Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood or noncombustible materials
as defined in Section 202 shall satisfy the intent of this section.

The enforcing agency may use other definitions of igni-
tion-resistant material that reflect wildfire exposure to building
materials and/or their materials, performance in resisting
ignition.

LOCAL AGENCY VERY HIGH FIRE HAZARD SEVER-
ITY ZONE means an area designated by a local agency upon
the recommendation of the CDF Director pursuant to Govern-
ment Code Sections 51177(c), 51178 and 5118 that is not a
state responsibility area and where a local agency, city, county,
city and county, or district is responsible for fire protection.

STATE RESPONSIBILITY AREA means lands that are clas-
sified by the Board of Forestry pursuant to Public Resources
Code Section 4125 where the financial responsibility of pre-
venting and suppressing forest fires is primarily the responsi-
bility of the state.

WILDFIRE is any uncontrolled fire spreading through vegeta-
tive fuels that threatens to destroy life, property, or resources as
defined in Public Resources Code Sections 4103 and 4104.

WILDFIRE EXPOSURE is one or a combination of radiant
heat, convective heat, direct flame contact and burning embers
being projected by vegetationfire to a structure and its immedi-
ate environment.

WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREA is a geo-
graphical area identified by the state as a "Fire Hazard Sever-
ity Zone" in accordance with the Public Resources Code
Sections 4201 through 4204 and Government Code Sections
51175 through51189, or other areas designated by the enforc-
ing agency to be at a significant risk from wildfires. See Section
706Afor the applicable referenced sections of the Government
Code and the Public Resources Code.

SECTION 703A
STANDARDS OF QUALITY

703A.1 General. Material, systems, and methods of construc-
tion used shall be in accordance with this Chapter.

703 A.2 Qualification by testing. Material and material assem-
blies tested in accordance with the requirements of Section
703 A shall be accepted for use when the results and conditions
of those tests are met. Testing shall be performed by a testing
agency approved by the State Fire Marshal or identified by an
ICC-ES report.

703A.3 Standards of quality. The State Fire Marshal stan-
dards listed below and as referenced in this chapter are located
in the California Referenced Standards Code, Part 12 and
Chapter 35 of this code.

SFM 12-7A-1, Exterior Wall Siding and Sheathing.

SFM12-7A-2, Exterior Window.

SFM12-7A-3, Under Eave.

SFM12-7A-4, Decking.

SECTION 704A

MATERIALS, SYSTEMS AND

METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

704A.1 Roofing.

704A.1.1 General. Roofs shall comply with the require-
ments of Chapter 7 A and Chapter 15. Roofs shall have a
roofing assembly installed in accordance with its listing and
the manufacturer's installation instructions.

704A.1.2 Roof coverings. Where the roof profile allows a
space between the roof covering and roof decking, the
spaces shall be constructed to prevent the intrusion of
flames and embers, befirestopped with approved materials
or have one layer of No. 72 ASTM cap sheet installed over
the combustible decking.

704A.I.3 Roof valleys. When provided, valley fiashings
shall be not less than 0.019-inch (0.48 mm) (No. 26 galva-
nized sheet gage) corrosion-resistant metal installed over a
minimum 36-inch-wide (914 mm) underlayment consisting
of one layer of No. 72 ASTM cap sheet running the full
length of the valley.

704A.1.4 Reserved.

704A.1.5 Roof gutters. Roof gutters shall be provided with
the means to prevent the accumulation of leaves and debris
in the gutter.

704A.2 Attic ventilation.

704A,2.1 General. When required by Chapter 15, roof and
attic vents shall resist the intrusion of flame and embers into
the attic area of the structure, or shall be protected by corro-
sion-resistant, noncombustible wire mesh with '/4-inch (6
mm) openings or its equivalent.

704A.2.2 Eave or cornice vents. Vents shall not be installed
in eaves and cornices.

Exception: Eave and cornice vents may be used pro-
vided they resist the intrusion of flame and burning
embers into the attic area of the structure.

704A.2.3 Eave protection. Eaves and soffits shall meet the
requirements of SFM 12-7A-3 or shall be protected by igni-
tion-resistant materials or noncombustible construction on
the exposed underside.

704A.3 Exterior walls.

704A.3.1 General. Exterior walls shall be approved
noncombustible or ignition-resistant material, heavy tim-
ber, or log wall construction or shall provide protection
from the intrusion of flames and embers in accordance with
standard SFM 12-7 A-1.

704A.3.1.1 Exterior wall coverings. Exterior wall cov-
erings shall extend from the top of the foundation to the
roof, and terminate at 2-inch (50.8 mm) nominal solid
wood blocking between rafters at all roof overhangs, or
in the case of enclosed eaves, terminate at the enclosure.

704A.3.2 Exterior wall openings. Exterior wall openings
shall be in accordance with this section.

704A.3.2.1 Exterior wall vents. Unless otherwise pro-
hibited by other provisions of this code, vent openings in

236

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

exterior walls shall resist the intrusion of flame and
embers into the structure or vents shall be screened with
a corrosion-resistant, noncombustible wire mesh with
%- inch (6 mm) openings or its equivalent.

704A.3.2.2 Exterior glazing and window walls. Exterior
windows, window walls, glazed doors, and glazed open-
ings within exterior doors shall be insulating- glass units
with a minimum of one tempered pane, or glass block
units, or have afire-resistance rating of not less than 20
minutes, when tested according to ASTME 2010, or con-
form to the performance requirements ofSFM 12-7A-2.

704A.3.2.3 Exterior door assemblies. Exterior door
assemblies shall conform to the performance require-
ments of standard SFM 12-7A-1 or shall be of approved
noncombustible construction, or solid core wood having
stiles and rails not less than i% inches thick with interior
field panel thickness no less than i% inches thick, or
shall have afire-resistance rating of not less than 20 min-
utes when tested according to ASTM E 2074.

Exception: Noncombustible or exterior fire-retar-
dant treated wood vehicle access doors are not
required to comply with this chapter.

704A.4 Decking, floors and underfloor protection.

704A.4.1 Decking.

704A.4.1.1 Decking surfaces. Decking, surfaces, stair
treads, risers, and landings of decks, porches, and balco-
nies where any portion of such surface is within 10 feet
(3048 mm) of the primary structure shall comply with
one of the following methods:

1. Shall be constructed of ignition-resistant materi-
als and pass the performance requirements of SFM
12-7A-4, Parts A and B.

2. Shall be constructed with heavy timber, exterior
fire-retardant-treated wood or approved noncom-
bustible materials.

3. Shall pass the performance requirements of SFM
12-7 A-4, Part A, 12-7 A-4.7. 5.1 only with a net
peak heat release rate of25kW/sq-ftfor a 40-min-
ute observation period and:

a. Decking surface material shall pass the ac-
celerated weathering test and be identified
as exterior type, in accordance with ASTME
84 and;

b. The exterior wall covering to which it the
deck is attached and within 10 (3048 mm)
feet of the deck shall be constructed of ap-
proved noncombustible or ignition resistant
material.

Exception: Walls are not required to comply
with this subsection if the decking surface
material conforms to ASTM E-84 Class B
flame spread.

The use of paints, coatings, stains, or other surface
treatments are not an approved method of protection as
required in this chapter

704A.4.2 Underfloor and appendages protection.

704A.4.2.1 Underside of appendages and floor projec-
tions. The underside of cantilevered and overhanging
appendages and floor projections shall maintain the
ignition-resistant integrity of exterior walls, or the pro-
jection shall be enclosed to the grade.

704A.4.2.2 Unenclosed underfloor protection. Build-
ings shall have all underfloor areas enclosed to the
grade with exterior walls in accordance with Section
704A.3.

Exception: The complete enclosure of under floor
areas may be omitted where the underside of all
exposed floors, exposed structural columns, beams
and supporting walls are protected as required with
exterior ignition-resistant material construction or be
heavy timber.

704A.5 Ancillary buildings and structures.

704A.5.1 Ancillary buildings and structures. When
required by the enforcing agency, ancillary buildings and
structures and detached accessory structures shall comply
with the provisions of this chapter.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

237

238 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 8 - INTERIOR FINISHES

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DBA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Cliapter

♦

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
iisted beiow)

Adopt oniy those sections
that are iisted beiow

Chapter/
Section

Codes

Table 803.5

804.4

804.4.1

804.4.2

806.5

The ♦ designation indicates tiiat tlie Office of tiie State Fire iVlarslial's adoption of tliis chapter or
individual sections is applicable to structures subject to DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

239

240 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTERS

INTERIOR FINISHES

SECTION 801
GENERAL

801.1 Scope. Provisions of this chapter shall govern the use of
materials used as interior finishes, trim and decorative materi-
als.

801.1.1 Interior finishes. These provisions shall limit the
allowable flame spread and smoke development based on
location and occupancy classification.

Exceptions:

1. Materials having a thickness less than 0.036 inch
(0.9 mm) applied directly to the surface of walls or
ceilings.

2. Exposed portions of structural members comply-
ing with the requirements for buildings of Type IV
construction in Section 602.4 shall not be subject
to interior finish requurements.

[F] 801.1.2 Decorative materials and trim. Decorative
materials and trim shall be restricted by combustibility and
the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 70 1 , in
accordance with Section 806.

801.1.3 Applicability. For buildings in flood hazard areas
as established in Section 1612.3, interior finishes, trim and
decorative materials below the design flood elevation shall
be flood-damage-resistant materials.

801.2 Application. Combustible materials shall be permitted
to be used as finish for walls, ceilings, floors and other interior
surfaces of buildings.

801.2.1 Windows. Show windows in the exterior walls of
the first story above grade shall be permitted to be of wood
or of unprotected metal framing.

801.2.2 Foam plastics. Foam plastics shall not be used as
interior finish or trim except as provided in Section 2603.9
or 2604. This section shall apply both to exposed foam plas-
tics and to foam plastics used in conjunction with a textile or
vinyl facing or cover

SECTION 802
DEFINITIONS

802.1 General. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

EXPANDED VINYL WALL COVERING. Wall covering
consisting of a woven textile backing, an expanded vinyl base
coat layer and a nonexpanded vinyl skin coat. The expanded
base coat layer is a homogeneous vinyl layer that contains a
blowing agent. During processing, the blowing agent decom-
poses, causing this layer to expand by forming closed cells. The
total thickness of the wall covering is approximately 0.055 inch
to 0.070 inch (1.4 mm to 1.78 mm).

FLAME SPREAD. The propagation of flame over a surface.

FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure,
expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from visual
measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a material
tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.

INTERIOR FINISH. Interior finish includes interior wall and
ceiling finish and interior floor finish.

INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH. The exposed floor surfaces of
buildings including coverings applied over a finished floor or
stair, including risers.

INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH. The exposed
interior surfaces of buildings, including but not limited to:
fixed or movable walls and partitions; toilet room privacy parti-
tions; columns; ceilings; and interior wainscoting, paneHng or
other finish applied structurally or for decoration, acoustical
correction, surface insulation, structural fibre resistance or simi-
lar purposes, but not including trim.

SMOKE-DEVELOPED INDEX. A comparative measure,
expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from measure-
ments of smoke obscuration versus time for a material tested in
accordance with ASTM E 84.

TRIM. Picture molds, chair rails, baseboards, handrails, door
and window frames and similar decorative or protective mate-
rials used in fixed applications.

SECTION 803
WALL AND CEILING FINISHES

803.1 General. Interior wall and ceiling finishes shall be clas-
sified in accordance with ASTM E 84. Such interior finish
materials shall be girouped in the following classes in accor-
dance with their flame spread and smoke-developed indexes.

Class A: Flame spread 0-25; smoke-developed 0-450.

Class B: Flame spread 26-75; smoke-developed 0-450.

Class C: Flame spread 76-200; smoke-developed 0-450.

Exception: Materials, other than textiles, tested in accor-
dance with Section 803.2.

803.2 Interior wall or ceiling finishes other than textiles.

Interior wall or ceiling finishes, other than textiles, shall be per-
mitted to be tested in accordance with NFPA 286. Finishes
tested in accordance with NFPA 286 shall comply with Section
803.2.1.

803.2.1 Acceptance criteria. During the 40 kW exposure,
the interior finish shall comply with Item 1 . During the 160
kW exposure, the interior finish shall comply with Item 2.
During the entire test, the interior finish shall comply with
Items 3 and 4.

1 . During the 40kW exposure, flames shall not spread to
the ceiling.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

241

INTERIOR FINISHES

2. During the 160 kW exposure, the interior finish shall
comply with the following:

2.1. Flame shall not spread to the outer extremity
of the sample on any wall or ceiling.

2.2. Flashover, as defined in NFPA 286, shall not
occur.

3. The peak rate of heat release throughout the NFPA
286 test shall not exceed 800 kW.

4. The total smoke released throughout the NFPA 286
test shall not exceed 1,000 m^.

803.3 StabUity. Interior finish materials regulated by this chap-
ter shall be applied or otherwise fastened in such a manner that
such materials will not readily become detached where sub-
jected to room temperatures of 200°F (93°C) for not less than
30 minutes.

803.4 Application. Where these materials are applied on
walls, ceilings or structural elements required to have a
fire-resistance rating or to be of noncombustible construction,
they shall comply with the provisions of this section.

803.4.1 Direct attachment and furred construction.

Where walls and ceiHngs are required by any provision in
this code to be of fire-resistance-rated or noncombustible
construction, the interior finish material shall be appUed
directly against such construction or to furring strips not
exceeding 1.75 inches (44 nam) applied directly against
such surfaces. The intervening spaces between such furring
strips shall be filled with inorganic or Class A material or
shall be fireblocked at a maximum of 8 feet (2438 mm) in
any direction in accordance with Section 717.

803.4.2 Set-out construction. Where walls and ceilings are
required to be of fire-resistance-rated or noncombustible
construction and walls are set out or ceilings are dropped
distances greater than specified in Section 803.4.1, Class A
finish materials shall be used except where interior finish
materials are protected on both sides by an automatic sprin-
kler system or attached to noncombustible backing or fur-
ring strips installed as specified in Section 803.4.1. The
hangers and assembly members of such dropped ceilings
that are below the main ceiling line shall be of
noncombustible materials, except that in Type in and V
construction, fire-retardant-treated wood shall be permit-
ted. The construction of each set-out wall shall be of
fire-resistance-rated construction as required elsewhere in
this code.

803.4.3 Heavy timber construction. Wall and ceiling fin-
ishes of all classes as permitted in this chapter that are
installed directly against the wood decking or planking of
Type IV construction or to wood furring strips applied
directly to the wood decking or planking shall be
fireblocked as specified in Section 803.4.1.

803.4.4 Materials. An interior wall or ceiling finish that is
not more than 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick shall be applied
directly against a noncombustible backing.

Exceptions:

1. Class A materials.

2. Materials where the qualifying tests were made
with the material suspended or furred out from the
noncombustible backing.

803.5 Interior finish requirements based on group. Interior
wall and ceiling finish shall have a flame spread index not
greater than that specified in Table 803.5 for the group and
location designated. Interior wall and ceiling finish materials,
other than textiles, tested in accordance with NFPA 286 and
meeting the acceptance criteria of Section 803 .2. 1 , shall be per-
mitted to be used where a Class A classification in accordance
witii ASTM E 84 is required.

803.6 Textiles. Where used as interior wall or ceiUng finish
materials, textiles, including materials having woven or
nonwoven, napped, tufted, looped or similar surface and carpet
and similar textile materials, shall comply with the require-
ments of Section 803.6.1, 803.6.2 or 803.6.3.

803.6.1 Surface burning characteristic test. Textile wall
and ceiling coverings shall have a Class A flame spread
index in accordance with ASTM E 84 and be protected by
automatic sprinklers installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or 903.3. 1.2.

803.6.2 Room corner test, textiles. Textile wall coverings
shall meet the criteria of Section 803.6.2.1 when tested in
the manner intended for use in accordance with the Method
B protocol of NFPA 265 using the product-mounting sys-
tem, including adhesive.

803.6.2.1 Method B test protocol. During the 40 kW
exposure, the interior finish shall comply with Item 1.
During the 150 kW exposure, the interior finish shall
comply with Item 2. During the entire test, the interior
finish shall comply with Item 3.

1. During the 40 kW exposure, flames shall not
spread to the ceihng.

2. During the 150 kW exposure, the interior finish
shall comply with the following:

2. 1 . Flame shall not spread to the outer extiremi-
ties of the samples on the 8-foot by 12-foot
(203 mm by 305 mm) walls.

2.2. Flashover, as described in NFPA 265, shall
not occur.

3. The total smoke released throughout the NFPA
265 test shall not exceed 1000 m^.

803.6.3 Room corner test, ceiling and wall finish. Textile
wall and ceiling coverings shall meet the criteria of Section
803 .2. 1 when tested in the manner intended for use in accor-
dance with NFPA 286 using the product-mounting system,
including adhesive.

803.7 Expanded vinyl wall coverings. Expanded vinyl wall
coverings shall comply with the requirements for textile wall
and ceiling materials and their use shall comply with Section
803.6.

Exception: Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings com-
plying with Section 803.2 shall not be required to comply
with Section 803.1 or 803.6.

242

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INTERIOR FINISHES

TABLE 803.5
INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH REQUIREMENTS BY OCCUPANCY"

GROUP

SPRINKLERED'

NONSPRINKLERED'"

Exit enclosures and
exit passageways'"

Corridors

Rooms and
enclosed spaces'

Exit enclosures and
exit passageways'"

Corridors

Rooms and
enclosed spaces'

A-1&A-2

A-3f,A-4,A-5

A-"

B,E,M,R-l,R-4

I-l

1-2. 7-2.7

B''-'

1-3

1-4

B"'!

R-2

R-3,7?507

No restrictions

For SI: 1 incli = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.

a. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted for wainscotting or paneling of not more than 1 ,000 square feet of applied surface area in the grade lobby where
applied directly to a noncombustible base or over furring strips applied to a noncombustible base and fireblocked as required by Section 803.4.1.

b. In exit enclosures of buildings less than three stories in height of other than Group 1-3, Class B interior finish for nonsprinklered buildings and Class C interior fin-
ish for sprinklered buildings shall be permitted.

c. Requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces shall be based upon spaces enclosed by partitions. Where a fire-resistance rating is required for structural elements,
the enclosing partitions shall extend from the floor to the ceiling. Partitions that do not comply with this shall be considered enclosing spaces and the rooms or
spaces on both sides shall be considered one. In determining the applicable requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces, the specific occupancy thereof shall be the
governing factor regardless of the group classification of the building or structure.

d. Lobby areas in Group A-1, A-2 and A-3 occupancies shall not be less than Class B materials.

e. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted in places of assembly with an occupant load of 300 persons or less.

f. For places of religious worship, wood used for ornamental purposes, trusses, paneling or chancel furnishing shall be permitted.

g. Class B material is required where the building exceeds two stories.

h. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted in administrative spaces.

i. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted in rooms with a capacity of four persons or less.

j. Class B materials shall be permitted as wainscotting extending not more than 48 inches above the finished floor in corridors.

k, Finish materials as provided for in other sections of this code.

1, Applies when the exit enclosures, exit passageways, corridors or rooms and enclosed spaces are protected by a sprinkler system installed in accordance with S ec-

tion 903.3.1.1 or 903.3. 1.2.
m. [SFM] Not permitted for Group 1-3.

803.8 Insulation. Thermal and acoustical insulation shall
comply with Section 719.

803.9 Acoustical ceiling systems. The quality, design, fabrica-
tion and erection of metal suspension systems for acoustical
tile and lay-in panel ceilings in buildings or structures shall
conform with generally accepted engineering practice, the pro-
visions of this chapter and other applicable requirements of this
code.

803.9.1 Materials and installation. Acoustical materials
complying with the interior finish requirements of Section
803 shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations and applicable provisions for applying
interior finish.

803.9.1.1 Suspended acoustical ceilings. Suspended
acoustical ceiling systems shall be installed in accor-
dance with the provisions of ASTM C 635 and ASTM C
636.

803.9.1.2 Fire-resistance-rated construction. Acousti-
cal ceiling systems that are part of fire-resistance-rated
construction shall be installed in the same manner used
in the assembly tested and shall comply with the provi-
sions of Chapter 7.

SECTION 804
INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH

804.1 General. Interior floor finish and floor covering materi-
als shall comply with Sections 804.2 through 804.4.1.

Exception: Floor finishes and coverings of a traditional
type, such as wood, vinyl, linoleum or terrazzo, and resilient
floor covering materials that are not comprised of fibers.

804.2 Classification. Interior floor finish and floor covering
materials required by Section 804.4.1 to be of Class I or 11
materials shall be classified in accordance with NFPA 253. The

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

243

INTERIOR FINISHES

classification referred to herein corresponds to the classifica-
tions determined by NFPA 253 as follows: Class I, 0.45
watts/cm^ or greater; Class H, 0.22 watts/cm^ or greater.

804.3 Testing and identification. Interior floor finish and
floor covering materials shall be tested by an approved agency
in accordance with NFPA 253 and identified by a hang tag or
other suitable method so as to identify the manufacturer or sup-
plier and style, and shall indicate the interior floor finish or
floor covering classification according to Section 804.2. Car-
pet-type floor coverings shall be tested as proposed for use,
including underlayment. Test reports confinning the informa-
tion provided in the manufacturer's product identification shall
be furnished to the building official upon request.

804.4 Interior floor finish requirements. In all other occu-
pancies except 1-3, interior floor finish and floor covering
materials in exit enclosures, exit passageways, corridors and
rooms or spaces not separated from corridors by full-height
partitions extending from the floor to the underside of the ceil-
ing shall withstand a minimum critical radiant flux as specified
in Section 804.4.1. For Group 1-3 occupancies, see Section
804.4.2.

804.4.1 Minimum critical radiant flux. Interior floor fin-
ish and floor covering materials in exit enclosures, exit pas-
sageways and corridors shall not be less than Class 1 in
Group 1-2 and not less than Class II in Groups A, B, E, H,
1-4, M, R-1, R-2 and S. In all areas, floor covering materials
shall comply with ASTM E 648, and having a smoke density
rating of less than 450 per ASTM E 84.

Exception: Where a building other than a Group 1-3 is
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system
in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3. 1.2, Class
II materials are permitted in any area where Class I mate-
rials are required, and materials complying with A5rM£
648, and having a smoke density rating of less than 450
per ASTM E 84 are permitted in any area where Class E
materials are required.

804.4.2 Group 1-3 occupancy floor surfaces. Interior floor
finish and floor coverings occupied by inmates or patients
whose personal liberties are restrained shall be
noncombustible.

Exception: Noncombustible floor finish and floor cover-
ings in areas where restraint is not used may have carpet
or other floor covering materials applied in areas pro-
tected by an automatic sprinkler system and meeting
ASTM E 648, and having a smoke density rating of less
than 450 per ASTM E 84. The carpeting and carpetpad-
ding shall be tested as a unit in accordance with floor
Covering Radiant Panel Test meeting Class I and has a
critical radiant flux limit of not less than 0.45 watt per
centimeter square. The carpeting and padding shall be
identified by a hang-tag or other suitable method as to
manufacturer and style and shall indicate the classifica-
tion of the material based on the limits set forth above.

SECTION 805

COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS IN TYPES I AND II

CONSTRUCTION

805.1 Application. Combustible materials installed on or
embedded in floors of buildings of Type I or II construction
shall comply with Sections 805.1.1 through 805.1.3.

Exception: Stages and platforms constructed in accordance
with Sections 410.3 and 410.4, respectively.

805.1.1 Subfloor construction. Floor sleepers, bucks and
nailing blocks shall not be constructed of combustible mate-
rials, unless the space between the fire-resistance-rated
floor construction and the flooring is either solidly filled
with approved noncombustible materials or fireblocked in
accordance with Section 717, and provided that such open
spaces shall not extend under or through permanent parti-
tions or walls.

805.1.2 Wood finish flooring. Wood finish flooring is per-
mitted to be attached directly to the embedded or
fireblocked wood sleepers and shall be permitted where
cemented directly to the top surface of approved fire-resis-
tance-rated floor construction or direcfly to a wood subfloor
attached to sleepersas provided for in Section 805.1.1.

805.1.3 Insulating boards. Combustible insulating boards
not more than '4 inch (12.7 mm) thick and covered with
approved finish flooring are perinitted where attached
directly to a noncombustible floor assembly or to wood
subflooring attached to sleepers as provided for in Section
805.1.1.

[F] SECTION 806
DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND TRIM

[F] 806.1 General requirements. In occupancies in Groups A,
E, I and R-1 and dormitories in Group R-2, curtains, draperies,
hangings and other decorative materials suspended from walls
or ceilings shall meet the flame propagation performance crite-
ria of NFPA 701 in accordance with Section 806.2 or be
noncombustible.

In Groups I- 1 and 1-2, combustible decorative materials shall
meet the flame propagation criteria of NFPA 701 unless the
decorative materials, including, but not limited to, photographs
and paintings, are of such limited quantities that a hazard of fire
development or spread is not present. In Group 1-3, combusti-
ble decorative materials are prohibited.

Fixed or movable walls and partitions, paneling, wall pads
and crash pads applied structurally or for decoration, acoustical
correction, surface insulation or other purposes shall be consid-
ered interior finish if they cover 10 percent or more of the wall
or of the ceiling area, and shall not be considered decorative
materials or furnishings.

In Group B and M occupancies, fabric partitions suspended
from the ceiling and not supported by the floor shall meet the
flame propagation performance criteria in accordance with
Section 806.2 and NFPA 701 or shall be noncombustible.

[F] 806.1.1 Noncombustible materials. The permissible
amount of noncombustible decorative material shall not be
limited.

244

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INTERIOR FINISHES

[F] 806.1.2 Combustible decorative materials. The per-
missible amount of decorative materials meeting the flame
propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701 shall not
exceed 10 percent of the aggregate area of walls and ceil-
ings.

Exceptions:

1. In auditoriums in Group A, the permissible
amount of decorative material meeting the flame
propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701
shall not exceed 50 percent of the aggregate area of
walls and ceiling where the building is equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and where the
material is installed in accordance with Section
803.4.

2. The amount of fabric partitions suspended from
the ceiling and not supported by the floor in Group
B and M occupancies shall not be limited.

[F] 806.2 Acceptance criteria and reports. Where required
by Section 806.1, decorative materials shall be tested by an
approved agency and meet the flame propagation performance
criteria of NFPA 701 or such materials shall be
noncombustible. Reports of test results shall be prepared in
accordance with NFPA 701 and furnished to the building offi-
cial upon request.

[F] 806.3 Foam plastic. Foam plastic used as trim in any occu-
pancy shall comply with Section 2604.2.

[F] 806.4 Pyroxylin plastic. Imitation leather or other material
consisting of or coated with a pyroxylin or similarly hazardous
base shall not be used in Group A occupancies.

[F] 806.5 Interior trim. Material, other than foam plastic used
as interior trim shall have a minimum Class B flame spread and
450 smoke-developed index in Group 1-3 and for all other
occupancies Class C flame spread and smoke-developed index
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84, as described in
Section 803.1. Combustible trim, excluding handrails and
guardrails, shall not exceed 10 percent of the aggregate wall or
ceihng area in which it is located.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

245

2^6 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 9 - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Adopting Agency

esc

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

die

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ciiapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

♦

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

901.6.2

902.1

Fire Appliance

903.2

903.2.2

903.2.5

903.2.5.1

903.2.7 w/Excs.

Table 903:2.13

903.2.17

903.3.1.1.1.

903.3.5

904.5-904.11

905.3

905.3.8-
905.3.10.1

■

907.1.2-
907.1.4

907.2

907.2.1.1

907.2.1.3

907.2.3 -
907.2.3.8.3

907.2.6

907.2.6.1.1

907.2.6.2

907.2.6.2.1

907.2.6.3.3

907.2.6.3.4

907.2.6.4

907.2.8

907.2.8.4,

CA, 1

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

247

CHAPTER 9 - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

♦

Adopt Entire Ctiapter as
amended (amended sections
iisted below)

♦

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

907.2.10

907.2.10.1.1

907.2.10.1.2

907.2.10.1.4

907.2.10.1.5

907.2.10.2

907.2.10.3

907.2.10.5

907.2.12

907,2.15-
907.2.15.3

907.2.24-
907.2.28

907.3.1 Exc.

907.3.2

907.3.5

907.3.6

907.8-907.8.4

907.9.1 w/Exc. 1
&2

907.9.1.1

907.9.1.2

IBC

907.9.1.3

IBC

Table 907.9.1.3

907.9.1.4

907.9.1.5

907.9.2

907.9,2.1

907.10

907.11

907.14

907.16

909.5.2

909.20.2.1 -
909.20.2.4

909.20.4-
909.20.4.1

248

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 9 - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DBA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

♦

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed beiow)

♦

Adopt oniy those sections
that are iisted below

■

Chapter/
Section

Codes

911.1

912.3 Exc.

912.5

The ♦ designation indicates that the Office of the State Fire Marshal's adoption of this chapter or
individual sections is applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 or DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

249

250 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 9

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

SECTION 901
GENERAL

901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall specify where
fire protection systems are. required and shall apply to the
design, installation and operation of fire protection systems.

901.2 Fire protection systems. Fire protection systems shall
be installed, repaired, operated and maintained in accordance
with this code and the California Fire Code.

Any fire protection system for which an exception or reduc-
tion to the provisions of this code has been granted shall be con-
sidered to be a required system.

Exception: Any fire protection system or portion thereof
not required by this code shall be permitted to be installed
for partial or complete protection provided that such system
meets the requirements of this code.

901.3 Modifications. No person shall remove or modify any
fire protection system installed or maintained under the provi-
sions of this code or the California Fire Code without approval
by the building official.

901.4 Tlireads. Threads provided for fire department connec-
tions to sprinkler systems, standpipes, yard hydrants or any
other fire hose connection shall be compatible with the connec-
tions used by the local fire department,

901.5 Acceptance tests. Fire protection systems shall be tested
in accordance with the requirements of this code and the Cali-
fornia Fire Code. When required, the tests shall be conducted
in the presence of the building official. Tests required by this
code, the California Fire Code and the standards Usted in this
code shall be conducted at the expense of the owner or the
owner's representative. It shall be unlawful to occupy portions
of a structure until the required fire protection systems within
that portion of the structure have been tested and approved.

901.6 Supervisory service. Where required, fire protection
systems shall be monitored by an approved supervising station .
in accordance with NFPA 72.

901.6.1 Automatic sprinlcler systems. Automatic sprin-
kler systems shall be monitored by an approved supervising
station.

Exceptions:

1 . A supervising station is not required for automatic
sprinkler systems protecting one- and two-family
dwellings.

2. Limited area systems serving fewer than 20 sprin-
klers.

901.6.2 Fire alarm systems. Fire alarm systems required
by the provisions of Section 907.2 of this code and Section
907.2 of the California Fire Code shall be monitored by an

approved supervising station in accordance with Section
907.14.

Exceptions:

1. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms re-
quired by Section 907.2.10.

2. Group 1-3 occupancies shall be monitored in ac-
cordance with Section 907.2.6.3.4.

3. Supervisory service is not required for automatic
sprinkler systems in one- and two-family dwell-
ings.

901.6.3 Group H. Manual fire alarm, automatic fire-extin-
guishing and emergency alarm systems in Group H occu-
pancies shall be monitored by an approved supervising
station.

Exception: When approved by the building official,
on-site monitoring at a constantly attended location shall
be permitted provided that notifications to the fire
department will be equal to those provided by an
approved supervising station.

901.7 Fire areas. Where buildings, or portions thereof, are
divided into fire areas so as not to exceed the limits established
for requiring a fire protection system in accordance with this
chapter, such fire areas shall be separated by fire barriers hav-
ing a fire-resistance rating of not less than that determined in
: accordance with Section 706.3.9.

SECTION 902
DEFINITIONS

902.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter, and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

[F] ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A fire alarm
system component such as a bell, horn, speaker, light or text
display that provides audible, tactile or visible outputs, or any
combination thereof.

[F] ALARM SIGNAL. A signal indicating an emergency
requiring immediate action, such as a signal indicative of fire.

[F] ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE. A feature of
automatic fire detection and alarm systems to reduce unwanted
alarms wherein smoke detectors report alarm conditions for a
minimum period of time, or confirm alarm conditions within a
given time period, after being automatically reset, in order to be
accepted as a valid alarm-initiation signal.

[F] ANNUNCIATOR. A unit containing one or more indica-
tor lamps, alphanumeric displays or other equivalent means in
which each indication provides status information about a cir-
cuit, condition or location.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

[F] AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A

notification appliance that alerts by the sense of hearing.

[F] AUTOMATIC. As applied to fire protection devices, is a
device or system providing an emergency function without the
necessity for human intervention and activated as a result of a
predetermined temperature rise, rate of temperature rise or
combustion products.

[F] AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM.

An approved system of devices and equipment which automat-
ically detects a fire and discharges an approved fire-extinguish-
ing agent onto or in the area of a fire.

[F] AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. A sprinkler sys-
tem, for fire protection purposes, is an integrated system of
underground and overhead piping designed in accordance with
fire protection engineering standards. The system includes a
suitable water supply. The portion of the system above the
ground is a network of specially sized or hydraulically
designed piping installed in a structure or area, generally over-
head, and to which automatic sprinklers are connected in a sys-
tematic pattern. The system is usually activated by heat from a
fire and discharges water over the fire area.

[F] AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. The root mean
square, A-weighted sound pressure level measured over a
24-hour period. .

[F] CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS.

A system supplying carbon dioxide (COj) from a pressurized
vessel through fixed pipes and nozzles. The system includes a
manual- or automatic-actuating mechanism.

[F] CEILING LIMIT. The maximum concentration of an
air-borne contaminant to which one may be exposed, as pub-
lished in DDL 29 CFR Part 1910.1000.

[F] CLEAN AGENT. Electrically nonconducting, volatile or
gaseous fire extinguishant that does not leave a residue upon
evaporation.

[F] CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION. A desig-
nated location at a facility staffed by trained personnel on a
continuous basis where alarm or supervisory signals are moni-
tored and facilities are provided for notification of the fire
department or other emergency services.

[F] DELUGE SYSTEM. A sprinkler system employing open
sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a water sup-
ply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detec-
tion system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When
this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and dis-
charges from all sprinklers attached thereto.

[F] DETECTOR, HEAT. A fire detector fliat senses heat pro-
duced by burning substances. Heat is the energy produced by
combustion that causes substances to rise in temperature,

[F] DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. A

powder composed of small particles, usually of sodium bicar-
bonate, potassium bicarbonate, urea-potassium-based bicar-
bonate, potassium chloride or monoammonium phosphate,
with added particulate material supplemented by special treat-
ment to provide resistance to packing, resistance to moisture
absorption (caking) and the proper flow capabilities.

[F] EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. A system to provide
indication and warning of emergency situations involving haz-
ardous materials.

[F] EMERGENCY VOICE/ALARM COMMUNICA-
TIONS. Dedicated manual or automatic facilities for originat-
ing and distributing voice instructions, as well as alert and
evacuation signals pertaining to a fire emergency, to the occu-
pants of a building.

[F] EXPLOSION. An effect produced by the sudden violent
expansion of gases, that is accompanied by a shock wave or
disruption of enclosing materials or structures, or both.

FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. See "Manual Fire Alarm
Box."

[F] FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT. A system component
that receives inputs from automatic and manual fire alarm
devices and is capable of supplying power to detection devices
and transponder(s) or off-premises ti:ansniitter(s). The control
unit is capable of providing a transfer of power to the notifica-
tion appliances and transfer of condition to relays or devices.

[F] FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. A signal initiated by a fire
alarm-initiating device such as a manual fire alarm box, auto-
matic fire detector, water flow switch, or other device whose
activation is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature.

[F] FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. A system or portion of a com-
bination system consisting of components and circuits
arranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or
supervisory signal-initiatiiig devices and to initiate the appro-
priate response to those signals.

FIRE APPLIANCE. [SFM] The apparatus or equipment pro-
vided or installed for use in the event of an emergency.

[F] FIRE COMMAND CENTER. The principal attended or
unattended location where the status of detection, alarm com-
munications and control systems is displayed, and from which
the system(s) can be manually controlled.

[F] FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. A device designed
to detect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate action.

[F] FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Approved devices,
equipment and systems or combinations of systems used to
detect a fire, activate an alarm, extinguish or control a fire, con-
trol or manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination
thereof.

[F] FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. Building and fu:e conti-ol
functions that are intended to increase the level of life safety for
occupants or to control the spread of harmful effects of fire.

[F] FOAM-EXTINGUISHBVG SYSTEM. A special system
discharging a foam made from concentrates, either mechani-
cally or chemically, over the area to be protected.

[F] HALOGENATED EXTBSfGUISHING SYSTEM. A

fire-extinguishing system using one or more atoms of an ele-
ment from the halogen chemical series: fluorine, chlorine, bro-
mine and iodine.

[F] INITIATING DEVICE. A system component that origi-
nates transmission of a change-of-state condition, such as in a
smoke detector, manual fire alarm box or supervisory switch.

252

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

[F] LISTED. Equipment, materials or services included in a
list published by an organization acceptable to the building
official and concerned with evaluation of products or services
that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed
equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services and
whose listing states either that the equipment, material or ser-
vice meets identified standards or has been tested and found
suitable for a specified purpose.

[F] MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX. A manually operated
device used to initiate an alarm signal.

[F] MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. Two or

more single-station alarm devices that are capable of intercon-
nection such that actuation of one causes all integral or separate
audible alarms to operate. It also can consist of one single-sta-
tion alarm device having connections to other detectors or to a
manual fire alarm box.

[F] MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. Two or more
single-station alarm devices that are capable of interconnection
such that actuation of one causes all integral or separate audible
alarms to operate.

[F] NUISANCE ALARM. An alarm caused by mechanical
failure, malfunction, improper installation or lack of proper
maintenance, or an alarm activated by a cause that cannot be
determined.

[F] RECORD DRAWINGS. Drawings ("as builts") that doc-
ument the location of all devices, appliances, wiring
sequences, wiring methods and connections of the components
of a fire alarm system as installed.

[F] SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. An assembly
incorporating the detector, the control equipment and the
alarm-sounding device in one unit, operated from a power sup-
ply either in the unit or obtained at the point of installation.

[F] SMOKE ALARM. A single- or multiple-station alarm
responsive to smoke and not connected to a system.

[F] SMOKE DETECTOR. A listed device that senses visible
or invisible particles of combustion.

SMOKEPROOF ENCLOSURE. An exit stairway designed
and constructed so that the movement of the products of com-
bustion produced by a fire occurring in any part of the building
into the enclosure is limited.

SPRINKLER ALARM [SL] is a local alarm unit assembly or
apparatus approved for the service and so constructed and
installed that any flow of water from a sprinkler system equal to
or greater than that from a single automatic sprinkler will
result in an audible alarm signal on the premises.

SPRINKLER SYSTEM, [SL] for fire protection purposes, is
an integrated system of underground and overhead piping
designed in accordance withfire protection engineering stan-
dards. The installation includes a water supply, such as a grav-
ity tank, fire pump, reservoir or pressure tank and/or
connection by underground piping to a city main. The portion
of the sprinkler system above ground is a network of specially
sized or hydraulically designed piping installed in a building,
structure or area, generally overhead, and to which sprinklers

are connected in a systematic pattern. The system includes a
controlling valve and a device for actuating alarm when the
system is in operation. The system is usually activated by heat
from afire and discharges water over the fire area.

[F] STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OF. Standpipe
classes are as follows:

Class I system. A system providing 2V2-inch (64 mm) hose
connections to supply water for use by fire departments and
those trained in handling heavy fire streams. [SL] Class I is
a dry standpipe system without a directly connected water
supply and equipped with 2V2-inch (63.5 mm) outlets for use
by the fire department or trained personnel.

Class II system. A system providing IVj-inch (38 mm)
hose stations to supply water for use primarily by the build-
ing occupants or by the fire department during initial
response. [SL] Class II is a wet standpipe system directly
connected to a water supply and equipped with 1 '/2-inch
(38.1 mm) outlets and hose intended for use by the building
occupants.

Class III system. A system providing IVj-inch (38 mm)
hose stations to supply water for use by building occupants
and 2.5-inch (64 mm) hose connections to supply a larger
volume of water for use by fire departments and those
trained in handling heavy fire streams. [SL] Class III is a
combination standpipe system directly connected to a water
supply and equipped with both P/2-inch (38 mm) outlets for
use by the building occupants and 2'/2-inch (64 mm) outlets
for use by the fire department or trained personnel, or
2'/2-inch (64 mm) and l'/2-inch (38 mm) outlets when a
l'/2-inch (38 mm) hose is required. Hose connections for
Class III systems may be made through 2V2-inch (63.5 mm)
hose valves with easily removable 2'/2-inch by l'/2-inch (64
mm by 38 mm) reducers.

[F] STANDPIPE, TYPES OF. Standpipe types are as follows:

Automatic dry. A dry standpipe system, normally filled
with pressurized air, that is arranged through the use of a
device, such as dry pipe valve, to admit water into the sys-
tem piping automatically upon the opening of a hose valve.
The water supply for an automatic dry standpipe system
shall be capable of supplying the system demand.

Automatic wet. A wet standpipe system that has a water
supply that is capable of supplying the system demand auto-
matically.

Manual dry. A dry standpipe system that does not have a
permanent water supply attached to the system. Manual dry
standpipe systems require water from a fire department
pumper to be pumped into the system through the fire
department connection in order to meet the system demand.

Manual wet. A wet standpipe system connected to a water
supply for the purpose of maintaining water within the sys-
tem but does not have a water supply capable of delivering
the system demand attached to the system. Manual-wet
standpipe systems require water from a fire department
pumper (or the like) to be pumped into the system in order to
meet the system demand.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

253

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Semiautomatic dry. A dry standpipe system that is
arranged through the use of a device, such as a deluge valve,
to admit water into the system piping upon activation of a
remote control device located at a hose connection. A
remote control activation device shall be provided at each
hose connection. The vs^ater supply for a semiautomatic dry
standpipe system shall be capable of supplying the system
demand.

[F] SUPERVISING STATION. A facility that receives sig-
nals and at which personnel are in attendance at all times to
respond to these signals.

[F] SUPERVISORY SERVICE. The service required to
monitor performance of guard tours and the operative condi-
tion of fixed suppression systems or other systems for the pro-
tection of life and property.

[F] SUPERVISORY SIGNAL. A signal indicating the need
of action in connection with the supervision of guard tours, the
fire suppression systems or equipment or the maintenance fea-
tures of related systems.

[F] SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE. An

initiation device, such as a valve supervisory switch,
water-level indicator or low-air pressure switch on a dry-pipe
sprinkler system, whose change of state signals an off-normal
condition and its restoration to normal of a fire protection or
life safety system, or a need for action in connection with guard
tours, fire suppression systems or equipment or maintenance
features of related systems.

[F] TIRES, BULK STORAGE OF. Storage of tires where the
area available for storage exceeds 20,000 cubic feet (566 m^).

[F] TROUBLE SIGNAL. A signal initiated by the fire alarm
system or device indicative of a fault in a monitored circuit or
component.

[F] VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLLiNCE. A

notification appliance that alerts by the sense of sight.

[F] WET-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A

solution of water and potassium-carbonate-based chemical,
potassium-acetate-based chemical or a combination thereof,
forming an extinguishing agent.

[F] WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM. A system or a
part of a system that can transmit and receive signals without
the aid of wire.

[F] ZONE. A defined area within the protected premises. A
zone can define an area from which a signal can be received, an
area to which a signal can be sent or an area in which a form of
control can be executed.

SECTION 903
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

[F] 903.1 General. Automatic sprinkler systems shall comply
with this section.

[F] 903.1.1 Alternative protection. Alternative automatic
fire-extinguishing systems complying with Section 904
shall be permitted in lieu of automatic sprinkler protection
where recognized by the apphcable standard and approved
by the fire code official.

[F] 903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tems in new buildings and structures shall be provided in the
locations described in this section.

Exceptions:

1. Spaces or areas in telecommunications buildings used
exclusively for teleconamunications equipment, asso-
ciated electrical power distribution equipment, batter-
ies and standby engines, provided those spaces or
areas are equipped throughout with an automatic fire
alarm system and are separated from the remainder of
the building by fire barriers consisting of not less than
1-hour fu:e-resistance-rated walls and 2-hour fire-re-
sistance-rated floor/ceiling assemblies.

2. [SFM] Automatic fire sprinkler protection for fixed
guideway transit systems shall be in accordance with
Section 903.2.17.

[F] 903.2.1 Group A. An automatic sprinkler system shall
be provided throughout buildings and portions thereof used
as Group A occupancies as provided in this section. For
Group A-1, A-2, A-3 and A-4 occupancies, the automatic
sprinkler system shall be provided throughout the floor area
where the Group A-1, A-2, A-3 or A-4 occupancy is
located, and in all floors between the Group A occupancy
and the level of exit discharge. For Group A-5 occupancies,
the automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in the
spaces indicated in Section 903.2.1.5.

[F] 903.2.1.1 Group A-1. An automatic sprinkler sys-
tem shall be provided for Group A-1 occupancies where
one of the following conditions exists:

1. The fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet (1115

2. The fire area has an occupant load of 300 or more.

3. The fu'e area is located on a floor other than the
level of exit discharge.

4. The fire area contains a multitheater complex.

[F] 903.2.1.2 Group A-2. An automatic sprinkler sys-
tem shall be provided for Group A-2 occupancies where
one of the following conditions exists:

1. The fire area exceeds 5,000 square feet (465 m^);

2. The fire area has an occupant load of 100 or more;
or

3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the
level of exit discharge.

[F] 903.2.1.3 Group A-3. An automatic sprinkler sys-
tem shall be provided for Group A-3 occupancies where
one of the following conditions exists:

1. The fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet (1115

2. The fire area has an occupant load of 300 or more.

3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the
level of exit discharge.

Exception: Areas used exclusively as partici-
pant sports areas where the main floor area is

254

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

located at the same level as the level of exit dis-
charge of the main entrance and exit.

[F] 903.2.1.4 Group A-4. An automatic sprinkler sys-
tem shall be provided for Group A-4 occupancies where
one of the following conditions exists:

1. The fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet (1115
m2).

2. The fire area has an occupant load of 300 or more.

3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the
level of exit discharge.

Exception: Areas used exclusively as partici-
pant sports areas where the main floor area is
located at the same level as the level of exit dis-
charge of the main entrance and exit.

[F] 903.2.1.5 Group A-5. An automatic sprinkler sys-
tem shall be provided for Group A-5 occupancies in the
following areas: concession stands, retail areas, press
boxes and other accessory use areas in excess of 1,000
square feet (93 m^).

[F] 903.2.2 Group E. Except as provided for in Sections
903.2.2.1 for a new public school campus and 907.2.3.6.1
(fire alarm and detection) for modernization of an existing
public school campus building(s), an automatic sprinkler
system shall be provided for Group E occupancies as fol-
lows:

1 . Throughout all Group E fire areas greater than 20,000
square feet (1858 m^) in area.

2. Throughout every portion of educational buildings
below the level of exit discharge.

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system is not
required in any fire area or area below the level of
exit discharge where every classroom throughout
the building has at least one exterior exit door at
ground level.

3. In rooms or areas with special hazards such as labo-
ratories, vocational shops and other such areas
where hazardous materials in exempt amounts are
used or stored.

[FJ 903.2.2.1 Public schools — Automatic sprinkler sys-
tem requirements.

[F] 903.2.2.1.1 New public school campus. A State
Fire Marshal-approved automatic sprinkler system
shall be provided on all new public school campuses
as defined in Section 202 and maintained in accor-
dance with the California Fire Code. See Section
907.2.3.6 for automatic detection requirements and
"ceiling-plenum" spaces.

[F] 903.2.2.1.2 Permanent portable buildings. A

portable building that is used to serve or house stu-
dents and is certified, as a permanent building on a
new public school campus by the public school
administration shall comply with the requirements of
Section 903.2.2.1.1.

[F] 903.2.2.1.3 Fire-resistive substitution for new
campus, a new public school campus as defined in

Section 202 shall be entitled to include in the design
and construction documents all of the applicable
fire-resistive construction substitutions as permitted
by this code.

[F] 903.2.3 Group F-1. An automatic sprinkler system
shall be provided throughout all buildings containing a
Group F-1 occupancy where one of the following condi-
tions exists:

1. Where a Group F-1 fire area exceeds 12,000 square
feet (1115 m^);

2. Where a Group F- 1 fire area is located more than three
stories above grade plane; or

3. Where the combined area of all Group F-1 fire areas
on all floors, including any mezzanines, exceeds
24,000 square feet (2230 m^).

[F] 903.2.3.1 Woodworking operations. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all Group
F-1 occupancy fire areas that contain woodworking
operations in excess of 2,500 square feet (232 m^) in area
which generate finely divided combustible waste or use
finely divided combustible materials.

[F] 903.2.4 Group H. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be
provided in high-hazard occupancies as required in Sec-
tions 903.2.4.1 through 903.2.43.

[F] 903.2.4.1 General. An automatic sprinkler system
shall be installed in Group H occupancies.

[F] 903.2.4,2 Group H-5. An automatic sprinkler sys-
tem shall be installed throughout buildings containing
Group H-5 occupancies. The design of the sprinkler sys-
tem shall not be less than that required by this code for
the occupancy hazard classifications in accordance with
Table 903.2.4.2. Where the design area of the sprinkler
system consists of a corridor protected by one row of
sprinklers, the maximum number of sprinklers required
to be calculated is 13.

[F] TABLE 903.2.4.2
GROUP H-5 SPRINKLER DESIGN CRITERIA

LOCATION

OCCUPANCY HAZARD
CLASSIFICATION

Fabrication areas

Ordinary Hazard Group 2

Service corridors

Ordinary Hazard Group 2

Storage rooms without dispensing

Ordinary Hazard Group 2

Storage rooms with dispensing

Extra Hazard Group 2

Corridors

Ordinary Hazard Group 2

[F] 903.2.4.3 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprin-
kler system shall be provided in buildings, or portions
thereof, where cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics
are manufactured, stored or handled in quantities
exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg).

[F] 903.2.5 Group I. An automatic sprinkler system shall
be provided throughout buildings with a Group I fire area.

Exceptions:

1. Those areas exempted by Section 407.5.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

255

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

2. When not used in accordance with Section 504.2
or 506.3, an automatic sprinkler system installed
in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2 shall be al-
lowed in Group I-l occupancies.

3. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13113, Group I-l occupancies housing ambula-
tory children only, none of whom are mentally ill or
mentally retarded, and the buildings or portions
thereof in which such children are housed are not
more than two stories in height, and buildings or
portions thereof housing such children shall have
an automatic fire alarm system activated by ap-
proved smoke detectors.

4. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13113
(d), Group I-l occupancies, or any alterations
thereto, located in Type lA construction in exis-
tence on March 4, 1972.

An automatic sprinkler system designed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.3 shall not be utilized in Group I-l.

[F] 903.2.5.1 Group 1-3. Every building, or portion
thereof, where inmates are restrained shall be protected
by an automatic sprinkler system conforming to NFPA
13. The main sprinkler control valve or valves and all
other control valves in the system shall be locked in the
open position and electrically supervised so that at least
an audible and visual alarm will sound at a constantly
attended location when valves are closed. The sprinkler
branch piping serving cells may be embedded in the con-
crete construction.

Exceptions: Sprinklers are not required in cells hous-
ing two or fewer inmates and the building shall be
considered sprinklered throughout when all the fol-
lowing criteria are met:

1. Automatic fire sprinklers shall be mounted out-
side the cell a minimum of 6 feet (1829 mm) on
center and 12 inches (305 mm) from the wall
with quick response sprinkler heads. Where
spacing permits, the head shall be centered
over the cell door opening.

2. The maximum amount of combustibles, exclud-
ing linen and clothing, shall be maintained at 3
pounds per inmate.

3. For local detention facilities, each individual
housing cell shall be provided with a two-way
inmate or sound-actuated audio monitoring
system for communication directly to the con-
trol station serving the cell(s).

4. The provisions of the exception in Section
804.4.2 shall not apply.

[F] 903.2.6 Group M. An automatic sprinkler system shall
be provided throughout buildings containing a Group M
occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:

1 . Where a Group M fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet
(1115 m2);

2. Where a Group M &e area is located more than three
stories above grade plane; or

3 . Where the combined area of all Group M fire areas on
all floors, including any mezzanines, exceeds 24,000
square feet (2230 m^).

[F] 903.2.6.1 High-piled storage. An automatic sprin-
kler system shall be provided in accordance with the Cal-
ifornia Fire Code in all buildings of Group M where
storage of merchandise is in high-piled or rack storage
arrays.

[F] 903.2.7 Group R. An automatic sprinkler system
installed in accordance with Section 903.3 shall be provided
throughout all buildings with a Group R fire area.

Exceptions:

1. Detached one- and two-family dwellings and mul-
tiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not
more than three stories above grade plane in
height with a separate means of egress, unless spe-
cifically required by other sections of this code, or
classified as Group R-4.

2. Group U private garages accessory to a Group R-3
occupancy.

3. Group R-3.1 occupancies not housing bedridden
clients, not housing nonambulatory clients above
the first floor and not housing clients above the
secondfloor

4. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13113, occupancies housing ambulatory children
only, none of whom are mentally ill or mentally re-
tarded, and the buildings or portions thereof in
which such children are housed are not more than
two stories in height, and buildings or portions
thereof housing such children have an automatic
fire alarm system activated by approved smoke de-
tectors.

5. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13143.6, occupancies licensed for protective so-
cial care which house ambulatory clients only,
none of whom is a child (under the age ofl 8 years),
or who is elderly (65 years of age or over).

An automatic sprinkler system designed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.3 shall not be utilized in Group R-4.

[F] 903.2.8 Group S-1. An automatic sprinkler system shall
be provided throughout all buildings containing a Group
S-1 occupancy where one of the following conditions
exists:

1. A Group S-1 fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet
(1115 m^);

2. A Group S-1 fire area is located more than three sto-
ries above grade plane; or

3. The combined area of all Group S-1 fire areas on all
floors, including any mezzanines, exceeds 24,000
square feet (2230 m^).

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[F] 903.2.8.1 Repair garages. An automatic sprinkler
system shall be provided throughout all buildings used as
repair garages in accordance with Section 406, as shown:

1. Buildings two or more stories in height, including
basements, with a fire area containing a repair ga-
rage exceeding 10,000 square feet (929 m^).

2. One-story buildings with a fire area containing a
repair garage exceeding 12,000 square feet (1115
m2).

3. Buildings with a repair garage servicing vehicles
parked in the basement.

[F] 903.2.8.2 Bulk storage of tires. Buildings and struc-
tures where the area for the storage of tires exceeds
20,000 cubic feet (566 m^) shall be equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

[F] 903.2.9 Group S-2. An automatic sprinkler system shall
be provided throughout buildings classified as enclosed
parking garages in accordance with Section 406.4 or where
located beneath other groups.

Exception: Enclosed parking garages located beneath
Group R-3 occupancies.

[F] 903.2.9.1 Commercial parlcing garages. An autor
matic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout
buildings used for storage of commercial trucks or buses
where the fire area exceeds 5,000 square feet (464 m^).

[F] 903.2.10 Windowless stories in all occupancies. An

automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in the locations
set forth in Sections 903.2.10.1 through 903.2.10.1.3.

Exception: Group R-3 and Group U.

[F] 903.2.10.1 Stories and basements witliout open-
ings. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed
throughout every story or basement of all buildings
where the floor area exceeds 1 ,500 square feet (1 39.4 m^)
and where there is not provided at least one of the follow-
ing types of exterior wall openings:

1. Openings below grade that lead directly to ground
level by an exterior stairway complying with Sec-
tion 1009 or an outside ramp complying with Sec-
tion 1010. Openings shall be located in each 50
linear feet (15 240 mm), or fraction thereof, of ex-
terior wall in the story on at least one side.

2. Openings entirely above the adjoining ground
level totaling at least 20 square feet (1.86 m^) in
each 50 linear feet (15 240 mm), or fraction
thereof, of exterior wall in the story on at least one
side.

[F] 903.2.10.1.1 Opening dimensions and access.

Openings shall have a minimum dimension of not less
than 30 inches (762 mm). Such openings shall be
accessible to the fire department from the exterior and
shall not be obstructed in a manner that fire fighting or
rescue cannot be accomplished from the exterior.

[F] 903.2.10.1.2 Openings on one side only. Where
openings in a story are provided on only one side and

the opposite wall of such story is more than 75 feet (22
860 mm) from such openings, the story shall be
equipped throughout with an approved automatic
sprinkler system, or openings as specified above shall
be provided on at least two sides of the story.

[F] 903.2.10.1.3 Basements. Where any portion of a
basement is located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm)
from openings required by Section 903.2.10.1, the
basement shall be equipped throughout with an
approved automatic sprinkler system.

[F] 903.2.10.2 Rubbish and linen chutes. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be installed at the top of rubbish
and linen chutes and in their terminal rooms. Chutes
extending through three or more floors shall have addi-
tional sprinkler heads installed within such chutes at
alternate floors. Chute sprinklers shall be accessible for
servicing.

[F] 903.2.10.3 Buildings 55 feet or more in height. An

automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout
buildings with a floor level having an occupant load of 30
or more that is located 55 feet (16 764 mm) or more
above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.

Exceptions:

1. Airport control towers.

2. Open parking structures.

3. Occupancies in Group F-2.

[F] 903.2.11 During construction. Automatic sprinkler
systems required during construction, alteration and demo-
lition operations shall be provided in accordance with the
California Fire Code.

[F] 903.2.12 Other hazards. Automatic sprinkler protec-
tion shall be provided for the hazards indicated in Sections
903.2.12.1 and 903.2.12.2.

[F] 903.2.12.1 Ducts conveying hazardous exhausts.

Where required by the California Mechanical Code,
automatic sprinklers shall be provided in ducts convey-
ing hazardous exhaust, or flammable or combustible
materials.

Exception: Ducts in which the largest cross-sectional
diameter ofthe duct is less than lOinches (254 mm).

[F] 903.2.12.2 Commercial cooking operations. An

automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in commer-
cial kitchen exhaust hood and duct system where an
automatic sprinkler system is used to comply with Sec-
tion 904.

[F] 903.2.13 Other required suppression systems. In

addition to the requirements of Section 903.2, the provi-
sions indicated in Table 903.2.13 also require the installa-
tion of a suppression system for certain buildings and areas.

[F] 903. 2.14 Motion picture and television production stu-
dio sound stages, approved production facilities and pro-
duction locations. [SFM]

[F] 903.2.14.1 Existing sound stages and approved pro-
duction facilities. All existing sound stages and

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

257

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

approved production facilities equipped with an auto-
matic fire sprinkler system shall be maintained in accor-
dance with the provisions of California Fire Code
Chapter 9.

[F] 903.2.14.2 New sound stages. All new sound stages
shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire sprin-
kler system. The system shall be installed in accordance
with the provisions of the California Fire Code Chapter 9
and shall meet the minimum design requirements of an
Extra Hazard, Group 2 system.

[F] TABLE 903.2.13
ADDITIONAL REQUIRED SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

SECTION

SUBJECT

402.8

Covered malls

403.2, 403.3

High-rise buildings

404.3

Atriums

405.3

Underground structures

407.5

Group 1-2

410.6

Stages

411.4

Special amusement buildings

412.2.5, 412.2.6

Aircraft hangars

415.6.2.4

Group H-2

416.4

Flammable finishes

417.4

Drying rooms

507

Unlimited area buildings

508.2

Incidental use areas

1025.6.2.3

Smoke-protected assembly seating

430

Horse-racing stables

431

Pet kennels

439

Public libraries

CFC

Sprinkler system requirements as set

forth in Section 903.2.13 of the

California Fire Code

[F] 903,2.15 Automatic sprinkler system — Existing
high-rise buildings. See Section 3412.27.

903.2.15.1 Existing group R-1 andR-2 high-rise build-
ings fire-extinguishing systems. See Section
3411.13.3.3.

[F] 903.2.16 Group L occupancies. [SFM] An automatic
sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings
housing Group L occupancies. Sprinkler system design for
research laboratories and similar areas of a Group L occu-
pancy shall not be less than that required for Ordinary Haz-
ard Group 2 with a design area of not less than 3, 000 square
feet (279 rr?). In mixed occupancies, portions of floors or
buildings not classified as Group L occupancies shall be
provided with sprinkler protection designed of not less than
that required for Ordinary Hazard Group 1 with a design
area of not less than 3,000 square feet (279 m').

903.2.17 Fixed guideway transit systems.

903.2.17.1 Automatic sprinkler system. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be installed in all stations of fixed
guideway transit systems.

Exceptions:

1. Guideways when the closest sprinkler heads to
the guideway are within 3 feet (914 mm) of the
edge, over the platform, and spaced6feet(1829
mm) on center parallel to the guideway.

2. Station agent booths not exceeding 150 square
feet (13.9 m^) in area, when provided with an
approved smoke detector connected to the
building fire alarm system.

3. Power substations.

4. Machinery rooms, electrical rooms and train
control rooms protected by an approved auto-
matic fixed fire-extinguishing system.

5. Open stations.

6. Station platform areas open to three or more
sides.

903.2.17.2 Station guideway deluge system. Under-
ground stations and stations in open cuts with walls 5
feet (1524 mm) above the top of the running rail and with
a raised platform shall be provided with an under-vehi-
cle guideway manually activated deluge sprinkler sys-
tem. In open cut stations, such system shall be provided
in guideways which are situated between a raised plat-
form edge and a retaining wall.

903.2.17.2.1 Systems shall be provided along the
entire length of track at each station platform.

903.2.17.2.2 Deluge nozzles with caps shall be
located in the approximate center of track with spac-
ing designed to completely wet the undersides of the
vehicle at the applied density.

903.2.17.2.3 System density shall be a minimum of
0.19 gallon per minute (gpm) per square foot (0.72
L/mper m^)for the design area. When more than one
zone is provided, two adjacent zones are required to
be considered operating for calculating purposes.

903.2.17.2.4 Deluge systems shall be directly con-
nected to a water supply capable of supplying the
requiredflow rate for a minimum 30-minute duration.

903.2.17.2.5 Controls or manually operable valves
shall be in a location acceptable to the Fire Code Offi-
cial. All deluge systems shall be monitored by the sta-
tion fire alarm system.

903.2. 17.2.6 Each valve shall be monitored by a sepa-
rate circuit. The alarm panel shall be located in an
area normally occupied by station personnel or sig-
nals shall be transmitted to the operations control
center (OCC).

[F] 903.3 Installation requirements. Automatic sprinkler
systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sec-
tions 903.3.1 through 903.3.7.

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[F] 903.3.1 Standards. Sprinkler systems shall be designed
and installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1,
903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3.

[F] 903.3.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems. Where the
provisions of this code require that a building or portion
thereof be equipped throughout with an automatic sprin-
kler system in accordance with this section, sprinklers
shall be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA
13 except as provided in Section 903.3.1.1.1.

903.3.1.1.1 Exempt locations. In other than Group
1-2, 1-2.1 and 1-3 occupancies, automatic sprinklers
shall not be required in the following rooms or areas
where such rooms or areas are protected with an
approved automatic fire detection system, in accor-
dance with Section 907.2, that will respond to visible
or invisible particles of combustion. Sprinklers shall
not be omitted from any room merely because it is
damp, of fire-resistance-rated construction or con-
tains electrical equipment.

1. Any room where the application of water, or
flame and water, constitutes a serious life or fu:e
hazard.

2. Any room or space where sprinklers are consid-
ered undesirable because of the nature of the
contents, when approved by the fire code offi-
cial.

3. Generator and transformer rooms separated
from the remainder of the building by walls and
floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assemblies having
a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours.

4. In rooms or areas that are of noncombustible
construction with wholly noncombustible con-
tents.

[F] 903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems. Where
allowed in buildings of Group R, up to and including four
stories in height, automatic sprinkler systems shall be
installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13R.

[F] 903.3.1.2.1 Balconies and decks. Sprinkler pro-
tection shall be provided for exterior balconies, decks
and ground floor patios of dwelling units where the
building is of Type V construction. Sidewall sprin-
klers that are used to protect such areas shall be per-
mitted to be located such that their deflectors are
within 1 inch (25 mm) to 6 inches (152 mm) below the
structural members and a maximum distance of 14
inches (356 mm) below the deck of the exterior balco-
nies and decks that are constructed of open wood joist
construction.

[F] 903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems. Where
allowed, automatic sprinkler systems in one- and
two-family dwellings shall be installed throughout in
accordance with NFPA 13D.

[F] 903.3.2 Quick-response and residential sprinklers.

Where automatic sprinkler systems are required by this
code, quick-response or residential automatic sprinklers

shall be installed in the following areas in accordance with
Section 903.3.1 and their listings:

1. Throughout all spaces within a smoke compartment
containing patient sleeping units in Group 1-2 in ac-
cordance with this code.

2. Dwelling units, and sleeping units in Group R and I-l
occupancies.

3. Light-hazard occupancies as defined in NFPA 13.

[F] 903.3.3 Obstructed locations. Automatic sprinklers
shall be installed with due regard to obstructions that will
delay activation or obstruct the water distribution pattern.
Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in or under covered
kiosks, displays, booths, concession stands, or equipment
that exceeds 4 feet (1219 mm) in width. Not less than a
3-foot (914 mm) clearance shall be maintained between
automatic sprinklers and the top of piles of combustible
fibers.

Exception: Kitchen equipment under exhaust hoods
protected with a fire-extinguishing system in accordance
with Section 904.

[F] 903.3.4 Actuation. Automatic sprinkler systems shall
be automatically actuated unless specifically provided for in
this code.

903.3.5 Water supplies. Water supplies for automatic
sprinkler systems shall comply with this section and the
standards referenced in Section 903.3.1. The potable water
supply shall be protected against backflow in accordance
with Health and Safety Code Section 13114.7.

[F] 903.3.5.1 Domestic services. Where the domestic
service provides the water supply for the automatic
sprinkler system, the supply shall be in accordance with
this section.

[F] 903.3.5.1.1 Limited area sprinkler systems.

Limited area sprinkler systems serving fewer than 20
sprinklers on any single connection are permitted to
be connected to the domestic service where a wet
automatic standpipe is not available. Limited area
sprinkler systems connected to domestic water sup-
plies shall comply with each of the following require-
ments:

1. Valves shall not be installed between the do-
mestic water riser control valve and the sprin-
klers.

Exception: An approved indicating control
valve supervised in the open position in
accordance with Section 903.4.

2. The domestic service shall be capable of sup-
plying the simultaneous domestic demand and
the sprinkler demand required to be hydrauli-
cally calculated by NFPA 13, NFPA 13R or
NFPA 13D.

[F] 903.3.5.1.2 Residential combination services. A

single combination water supply shall be allowed pro-
vided that the domestic demand is added to the sprin-
kler demand as required by NFPA 13R.

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[F] 903.3.5.2 Secondary water supply. A secondary
on-site water supply equal to the hydraulically calculated
sprinkler demand, including the hose stream require-
ment, shaU be provided for high-rise buildings in Seis-
mic Design Category C, D, E or F as determined by this
code. The secondary water supply shall have a duration
of not less than 30 minutes as determined by the occu-
pancy hazard classification in accordance with NFPA 1 3 .

Exception: Existing buildings.

[F] 903.3.6 Hose threads. Fire hose threads and fittings
used in connection with automatic sprinkler systems shall
be as prescribed by the fire code official.

[F] 903.4 Sprinkler system monitoring and alarms. All

valves controlling the water supply for automatic sprinkler sys-
tems, pumps, tanks, water levels and temperatures, critical air
pressures and water-flow switches on all sprinkler systems
shall be electrically supervised.

Exceptions:

1. Automatic sprinkler systems protecting one- and
two-family dwellings.

2. Limited area systems serving fewer than 20 sprin-
klers.

3. Automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance
with NFPA 1 3R where a common supply main is used
to supply both domestic water and the automatic
sprinkler systems and a separate shutoff valve for the
automatic sprinkler system is not provided.

4. Jockey pump control valves that are sealed or locked
in the open position.

5. Control valves to commercial kitchen hoods, paint
spray booths or dip tanks that are sealed or locked in
the open position.

6. Valves controlling the fuel supply to fire pump en-
gines that are sealed or locked in the open position.

7. Trim valves to pressure switches in dry, preaction and
deluge sprinkler systems that are sealed or locked in
the open position.

[F] 903.4.1 Signals. Alarm, supervisory and trouble signals
shall be distinctly different and automatically transmitted to
an approved central station, remote supervising station or
proprietary supervising station as defined in NFPA 72 or,
when approved by the fire code official, shall sound an audi-
ble signal at a constantly attended location.

Exceptions:

1 . Underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes
provided by the municipality or public utility are
not required to be monitored.

2. Backflow prevention device test valves located in
limited area sprinkler system supply piping shall
be locked in the open position. Iii occupancies re-
quired to be equipped with a fire alarm system, the
backflow preventer valves shall be electrically su-
pervised by a tamper switch installed in accor-
dance with NFPA 72 and separately annunciated.

[F] 903.4.2 Alarms. Approved audible devices shall be
connected to every automatic sprinkler system. Such sprin-
kler water-flow alarm devices shall be activated by water
flow equivalent to the flow of a single sprinkler of the small-
est orifice size installed in the system. Alarm devices shall
be provided on the exterior of the building in an approved
location. Where a fire alarm system is installed, actuation of
the automatic sprinkler system shall actuate the building fire
alarm system.

[F] 903.4.3 Floor control valves. Approved supervised
indicating control valves shall be provided at the point of
connection to the riser on each floor in high-rise buildings.

[F] 903.5 Testing and maintenance. Sprinkler systems shall
be tested and maintained in accordance with the California
Fire Code.

SECTION 904

ALTERNATIVE AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING

SYSTEMS

[F] 904.1 General. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems,
other than automatic sprinkler systems, shall be designed,
installed, inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with
the provisions of this section and the applicable referenced
standards.

[F] 904.2 Where required. Automatic fire-extinguishing sys-
tems installed as an alternative to the required automatic sprin-
kler systems of Section 903 shall be approved by the fire code
official. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be con-
sidered alternatives for the purposes of exceptions or reduc-
tions allowed by other requirements of this code.

[F] 904.2.1 Commercial hood and duct systems. Each
required commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duct system
required by Section 609 of the California Fire Code or
Chapter 5 of the California Mechanical Code to have a lype
I hood shall be protected with an approved automatic
fire-extinguishing system installed in accordance with this
code.

[F] 904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems
shall be installed in accordance with this section.

[F] 904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in
accordance with the California Electrical Code.

[F] 904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing sys-
tems shall be automatically actuated and provided with a
manual means of actuation in accordance with Section
904.11.1.

[F] 904.3.3 System interlocking. Automatic equipment
interlocks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door
closers, window shutters, conveyor openings, smoke and
heat vents and other features necessary for proper operation
of the fire-extinguishing system shall be provided as
required by the design and installation standard utilized for
the hazard.

[F] 904.3.4 Alarms and warning signs. Where alarms are
required to indicate the operation of automatic fire-extin-
guishing systems, distinctive audible and visible alarms and

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warning signs shall be provided to warn of pending agent
discharge. Where exposure to automatic-extinguishing
agents poses a hazard to persons and a delay is required to
ensure the evacuation of occupants before agent discharge,
a separate warning signal shall be provided to alert occu-
pants once agent discharge has begun. Audible signals shall
be in accordance with Section 907.9.2.

[F] 904.3.5 Monitoring. Where a building fu:e alarm sys-
tem is installed, automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall
be monitored by the building fire alarm system in accor-
dance with NFPA 72.

[F] 904.4 Inspection and testing. Automatic fire-extinguish-
ing systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with
the provisions of this section prior to acceptance.

[F] 904.4.1 Inspection. Prior to conducting final accep-
tance tests, the following items shall be inspected:

1 . Hazard specification for consistency with design haz-
ard.

2. Type, location and spacing of automatic- and man-
ual-initiating devices.

3. Size, placement and position of nozzles or discharge
orifices.

4. Location and identification of audible and visible
alarm devices.

5. Identification of devices with proper designations.

6. Operating instructions.

[F] 904.4.2 Alarm testing. Notification apphances, con-
nections to fire alarm systems and connections to approved
supervising stations shall be tested in accordance with this
section and Section 907 to verify proper operation.

[F] 904.4.2.1 Audible and visible signals. The audibil-
ity and visibility of notification appliances signaling
agent discharge or system operation, where required,
shall be verified.

[F] 904.4.3 Monitor testing. Connections to protected pre-
mises and supervising station fire alarm systems shall be
tested to verify proper identification and retransmission of
alarms from automatic fire-extinguishing systems.

904.5 Wet-chemical systems. Wet-chemical extinguishing
systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected
and tested in accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regu-
lations, Chapter 5 and NFPA 17A and their listing.

904.6 Dry-chemical systems. Dry-chemical extinguishing
systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected
and tested in accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regu-
lations, Chapter 5 and NFPA 17 and their listing.

904.7 Foam systems. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be
installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in
accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regulations,
Chapter 5 and NFPA 11 and NFPA 16 and their fisting.

904.8 Carbon dioxide systems. Carbon dioxide extinguishing
systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected
and tested in accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regu-
lations, Chapter 5 andNFPA 12 and their listing.

904.9 Halon systems. Halogenated extinguishing systems
shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested
in accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regulations,
Chapter 5 and NFPA 12A and their listing.

904.10 Clean-agent systems. Clean-agent fire-extinguishing
systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected
and tested in accordance with Title 1 9 California Code of Regu-
lations, Chapter 5 and NFPA 2001 and their listing.

904.11 Commercial cooking systems. Commercial cooking
equipment that produces grease-laden vapors shall be pro-
vided with a Type I hood, in accordance with the California
Mechanical Code, and an automatic fire-extinguishing system
that is listed and labeled for its intended use as follows:

1. Wet-chemical extinguishing system, complying with UL
300

2. Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems

3. Automatic fire sprinkler systems

All existing dry chemical and wet-chemical extinguishing
systems shall comply with UL 300, no later than the second
required servicing of the system following the effective date of
this section.

Exception: Public school kitchens, without deep-fat fryers,
shall be upgraded to a UL 300-compliant system during
state-funded modernization projects that are under the
jurisdiction of the Division of the State Architect.

All systems shall be installed in accordance with the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code, appropriate adopted standards, their
listing and the manufacturers' installation instructions.

Exception: Factory-built commercial cooking recirculat-
ing systems that are tested, listed, labeled and installed in
accordance with UL 7 1 OB .

SECTION 905
STANDPIPE SYSTEMS

[F] 905.1 General. Standpipe systems shall be provided in new
buildings and structures in accordance with this section. Fire
hose threads used in connection with standpipe systems shall
be approved and shall be compatible with fire department hose
threads. The location of fire department hose connections shall
be approved. In buildings used for high-piled combustible stor-
age, fire protection shall be in accordance with the California
Fire Code.

[F] 905.2 Installation standard. Standpipe systems shall be
installed in accordance with this section and NFPA 14.

[F] 905.3 Required installations. Standpipe systems shall be
installed where required by Sections 905.3.1 through
905.3.i0.i and in the locations indicated in Sections 905.4,
905.5 and 905.6. Standpipe systems are allowed to be com-
bined with automatic sprinkler systems.

Group

nea wim auiomauc spriniaer systems.

Exception: Standpipe systems are not required in
R-3 occupancies.

[F] 905.3.1 Building height. Class HI standpipe systems
shall be installed throughout buildings where the floor level
of the highest story is located more than 30 feet (9144 mm)

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above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, or
where the floor level of the lowest story is located more than
30 feet (9144 mm) below the highest level of fire depart-
ment vehicle access.

Exceptions:

1. Class I standpipes are allowed in buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or
903.3.1.2.

2. Class I manual standpipes are allowed in open
parking garages where the highest floor is located
not more than 150 feet (45 720 mm) above the low-
est level of fire department vehicle access.

3. Class I manual dry standpipes are allowed in open
parking garages that are subject to freezing tem-
peratures, provided that the hose connections are
located as required for Class n standpipes in accor-
dance with Section 905.5.

4. Class I standpipes are allowed in basements
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system.

5. In determining the lowest level of fire department
vehicle access, it shall not be required to consider:

5.1. Recessed loading docks for four vehicles
or less; and

5.2. Conditions where topography makes ac-
cess from the fire department vehicle to the
building impractical or impossible.

[F] 905.3.2 Group A. Class I automatic wet standpipes
shaU be provided in nonsprinklered Group A buildings hav-
ing an occupant load exceeding 1,000 persons.

Exceptions:

1. Open-air-seating spaces without enclosed spaces.

2. Class I automatic dry and semiautomatic dry
standpipes or manual wet standpipes are allowed
in buildings where the highest floor surface used
for human occupancy is 75 feet (22 860 mm) or
less above the lowest level of fire department vehi-
cle access.

[F] 905.3.3 Covered mall buildings. A covered mall build-
ing shall be equipped throughout with a standpipe system
where required by Section 905.3.1. Covered mall buildings
not required to be equipped with a standpipe system by Sec-
tion 905 .3 . 1 shall be equipped with Class I hose connections
connected to a system sized to deliver water at 250 gallons
per minute (946.4 L/min) at the most hydraulically remote
outlet. Hose connections shall be provided at each of the fol-
lowing locations:

1. Within the mall at the entrance to each exit passage-
way or corridor.

2. At each floor-level landing within enclosed stairways
opening directiy on the mall.

3. At exterior public entrances to the mall.

[F] 905.3.4 Stages. Stages greater than 1,000 square feet in
area (93 m^) shall be equipped with a Class III wet standpipe
system with IVz-inch and 2V2-inch (38 mm and 64 mm)
hose connections on each side of the stage.

Exception: Where the building or area is equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system, a
lV2-inch (38 mm) hose connection shall be installed in
accordance with NFPA 13 or in accordance with NFPA
14 for Class n or in standpipes.

[F] 905.3.4.1 Hose and cabinet. The IVz-inch (38 mm)
hose connections shall be equipped with sufficient
lengths of 1 V2-inch (38 mm) hose to provide fire protec-
tion for the stage area. Hose connections shall be
equipped with an approved adjustable fog nozzle and be
mounted in a cabinet or on a rack.

[F] 905.3.5 Underground buildings. Underground build-
ings shall be equipped throughout with a Class I automatic
wet or manual wet standpipe system.

[F] 905.3.6 Helistops and heliports. Buildings with a
helistop or heliport that are equipped with a standpipe shall
extend the standpipe to the roof level on which the hehstop
or heliport is located in accordance with Section 1 107.5 of
the California Fire Code.

[F] 905.3.7 Marinas and boatyards. Marinas and
boatyards shall be equipped throughout with standpipe sys-
tems in accordance with NFPA 303.

[F] 905.3.8 Smokeproof enclosures. For smokeproof
enclosures, see Section 909.20.2.3.

[F] 905.3.9 Group 1-3. Housing units within cell complexes
where 50 or more inmates are restrained shall be provided
with Class I wet standpipes. In addition, Class I wet
standpipes shall be located so that it will not be necessary to
extend hose lines through interlocking security doors and
any doors in smoke-barrier walls, horizontal fire walls or
fire barrier walls. Standpipes located in cell complexes may
be placed in secured pipe chases.

[F] 905.3.10 Fixed guideway transit systems. Underground
stations shall be provided with a Class III standpipe system
designed to comply with the following. ■

1. Automatically supply 65 pounds per square inch (psi)
for each outlet.

2. Supply a 250-gpm (946 Um)flow to each of the two
most remote 2 'A-inch (64 mm) outlets when pressur-
ized through the fire department connection(s).

[F] 905.3.10.1 All other stations shall be provided with a
Class I manual wet standpipe system; a manual dry
Class I standpipe system may be allowed in areas subject
tofreezing.

Exception: Open at-grade stations with unrestricted
fire department access need not be provided with a
standpipe system.

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[F] 905.4 Location of Class I standpipe hose connections.

Class I standpipe hose connections shall be provided in all of
the following locations:

1. In every required stairway, a hose connection shall be
provided for each floor level above or below grade. Hose
connections shall be located at an intermediate floor
level landing between floors, unless otherwise approved
by the fire code official.

2. On each side of the wall adjacent to the exit opening of a
horizontal exit.

Exception: Where floor areas adjacent to a horizontal
exit are reachable from exit stairway hose connec-
tions by a 30-foot (9144 mm) hose stream from a noz-
zle attached to 100 feet (30480 mm) of hose, a hose
connection shall not be required at the horizontal exit.

3. In every exit passageway at the entrance from the exit
passageway to other areas of a building.

4. In covered mall buildings, adjacent to each exterior pub-
lic entrance to the mall and adjacent to each entrance
from an exit passageway or exit corridor to the mall.

5. Where the roof has a slope less than four units vertical in
12 units horizontal (33.3-percent slope), each standpipe
shall be provided with a hose connection located either
on the roof or at the highest landing of stairways with
stair access to the roof An additional hose connection
shall be provided at the top of the most hydraulically re-
mote standpipe for testing purposes.

6. Where the most remote portion of a nonspriiiklered floor
or story is more than 150 feet (45 720 mm) from a hose
connection or the most remote portion of a sprinklered
floor or story is more than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from a
hose connection, the fire code official is authorized to re-
quire that additional hose connections be provided in ap-
proved locations.

[F] 905.4.1 Protection. Risers and laterals of Class I
standpipe systems not located within an enclosed stairway
or pressurized enclosure shall be protected by a degree of
fire resistance equal to that required for vertical enclosures
in the building in which they are located.

Exception: In buildings equipped throughout with an
approved automatic sprinkler system, laterals that are not
located within an enclosed stairway or pressurized
enclosure are not required to be enclosed within
fire-resistance-rated construction.

[F] 905.4.2 Interconnection. In buildings where more than
one standpipe is provided, the standpipes shall be intercon-
nected in accordance with NFPA 14.

905.5 Location of Class II standpipe hose connections.

Class II standpipe hose connections shall be accessible and
shall be located so that all portions of the building are within 30
feet (9144 mm) of a listed variable stream fog nozzle attached
to 100 feet (30 480 mm) of hose.

[F] 905.5.1 Groups A-1 and A-2. In Group A-1 and A-2
occupancies with occupant loads of more than 1,000, hose
connections shall be located on each side of any stage, on

each side of the rear of the auditorium, on each side of the
balcony and on each tier of dressing rooms.

[F] 905.5.2 Protection. Fire-resistance-rated protection of
risers and laterals of Class II standpipe systems is not
required.

[F] 905.5.3 Class II system 1-inch hose. A minimum
1-inch (25 mm) hose shall be permitted to be used for hose
stations in light-hazard occupancies where investigated and
listed for this service and where approved by the fire code
official.

[F] 905.6 Location of Class III standpipe hose connections.

Class III standpipe systems shall have hose connections
located as required for Class I standpipes in Section 905.4 and
shall have Class II hose connections as required in Section
905.5.

[F] 905.6.1 Protection. Risers and laterals of Class HI
standpipe systems shall be protected as required for Class I
systems in accordance with Section 905.4. 1 .

[F] 905.6.2 Interconnection. In buildings where more than
one Class III standpipe is provided, the standpipes shall be
interconnected at the bottom.

[F] 905.7 Cabinets. Cabinets containing fire-fighting equip-
ment such as standpipes, fire hoses, fu"e extinguishers or fire
department valves shall not be blocked from use or obscured
from view.

[F] 905.7.1 Cabinet equipment identification. Cabinets
shall be identified in an approved manner by a permanently
attached sign with letters not less than 2 inches (51 mm)
high in a color that contrasts with the background color,
indicating the equipment contained therein.

Exceptions:

1. Doors not large enough to accommodate a written
sign shall be marked with a permanently attached
pictogram of the equipment contained therein.

2. Doors that have either an approved visual identifi-
cation clear glass panel or a complete glass door
panel are not required to be marked.

[F] 905.7.2 Locking cabinet doors. Cabinets shall be
unlocked.

Exceptions:

1. Visual identification panels of glass or other ap-
proved transparent frangible material that is easily
broken and allows access.

2. Approved locking arrangements.

3. Group 1-3.

[F] 905.8 Dry standpipes. Dry standpipes shall not be
installed.

Exception: Where subject to freezing and in accordance
with NFPA 14.

[F] 905.9 Valve supervision. Valves controlling water sup-
plies shall be supervised in the open position so that a change in
the normal position of the valve will generate a supervisory sig-
nal at the supervising station required by Section 903 .4. Where

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a fibre alarm system is provided, a signal shall also be transmit-
ted to the control unit.

Exceptions:

1. Valves to underground key or hub valves in roadway
boxes provided by the municipality or public utility
do not require supervision.

2. Valves locked in the normal position and inspected as
provided in this code in buildings not equipped with a
fibre alarm system.

[F] 905.10 During construction. Standpipe systems required
during construction and demoUtion operations shall be pro-
vided in accordance with Section 3311.

SECTION 906
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

[F] 906.1 General. Portable fire extinguishers shall be pro-
vided in occupancies and locations as required by the Califor-
nia Fire Code.

SECTION 907
FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS

[F] 907.1 General. This section covers the application, instal-
lation, performance and maintenance of fire ilarm systems and
their components.

[F] 907.1.1 Construction documents. Construction docu-
ments for fire alarm systems shall be submitted for review
and approval prior to system installation. Construction doc-
uments shall include, but not be limited to, all of the follow-
ing:

1 . A floor plan which indicates the use of all rooms.

2. Locations of alarm-initiating and notification appli-
ances.

3. Alarm control and trouble signaling equipment.

4. Annunciation.

5. Power connection.

6. Battery calculations.

7. Conductor type and sizes.

8. Voltage drop calculations.

9. Manufacturers, model numbers and hsting informa-
tion for equipment, devices and materials.

10. Details of ceiling height and construction.

1 1 . The interface of fire safety control functions.

[F] 907.1.2 Equipment. Systems and their components
shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and approved
for the purpose for which they are installed.

[F] 907.1.3 Fire walls and fire barrier walls. For the pur-
pose of Section 907, fire walls and fire barrier walls shall
not define separate buildings.

[F] 907,1.4 Fire alarm use. Afire alarm system shall not be
used for any purpose other than fire warning or mass notifi-
cation unless approvedby the authority having jurisdiction.

[F] 907.2 Where required. An approved manual, automatic or
manual and automatic fire alarm system installed in accor-
dance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 72 shall be
provided in new buildings and structures in accordance with
Sections 907.2.1 through 907.2.23 and provide occupant noti-
fication in accordance with Section 907.9, unless other require-
ments are provided by another section of this code. Where
automatic sprinkler protection installed in accordance with
Section 903.3. 1.1 or 903.3. 1 .2 is provided and connected to the
building fire alarm system, automatic heat detection required
by this section shall not be required.

The automatic fire detectors shall be smoke detectors.
Where ambient conditions prohibit installation of automatic
smoke detection, other automatic fire detection shall be
allowed where approved.

A minimum of one fire alarm box shall be installed for each
fire alarm system at a location approved by the authority hav-
ing jurisdiction.

Exceptions:

1. Fire alarm systems dedicated to elevator recall con-
trol.

2. Fire alarm systems dedicated to supervisory service.

3. Fire alarm systems dedicated to fire sprinkler moni-
toring only.

Where other sections of this code allow elimination of fire
alarm boxes due to sprinklers, a single fire alarm box shall be
installed.

Exception: Where not required to be installed by the local
enforcement authority.

[F] 907.2.1 Group A. A manual fiu^e alarm system shall be
installed in Group A occupancies having an occupant load
of 300 or more. Portions of Group E occupancies occupied
for assembly purposes shall be provided with a fire alarm
system as required for the Group E occupancy.

Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required
where the building is equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system and the alarm notification appU-
ances will activate upon sprinkler water flow.

907.2.1.1 System initiation in Group A occupancies
with an occupant load of 1,000 or more. Activation of
the fire alarm in Group A occupancies with an occupant
load of 1,000 or more shall initiate a signal using an
emergency voice/alarm communications system in
accordance with NFPA 72. Group A occupancies with an
occupant load of 10,000 or more, see Section 907.2.1.3.

Exception: Where approved, the prerecorded
announcement is allowed to be manually deactivated
for a period of time, not to exceed 3 minutes, for the
sole purpose of allowing a live voice announcement
from an approved, constantly attended location.

[F] 907.2.1.2 Emergency power. Emergency
voice/alarm communications systems shall be provided
with an approved emergency power source.

[F] 907.2.1.3 Public address system. Pursuant to Health
and Safety Code Section 13108.9, for all buildings or

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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Structures constructed on or after July 1, 1991, which are
intended for public assemblies of 10,000 or more per-
sons, a public address system with an emergency backup
power system shall be required.

Existing buildings or structures intended for public
assemblies of 10,000 or more persons, which, on or after
January 1, 1991, have or subsequently have installed a
public address system, shall have an emergency backup
power system for the public address system.

[F] 907.2.2 Group B. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group B occupancies having an occupant load
of 500 or more persons or more than 100 persons above or
below the lowest level of exit discharge.

Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required
where the building is equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system and the alarm notification appli-
ances will activate upon sprinkler water flow.

907.2.3 Group E. A manual and automatic fire alarm sys-
tem shall be installed in Group E occupancies with an occu-
pant load of 50 or more persons or containing more than
one classroom or one or more rooms used for day care pur-
poses. When automatic sprinkler systems or smoke detec-
tors are installed, such systems or detectors shall be
connected to the building fire alarm system.

Exceptions:

1 . Manual fire alarm boxes are not required in Group
E occupancies where all the following apply:

1.1. Interior corridors are protected by smoke
detectors with alarm verification.

1.2. Auditoriums, cafeterias, gymnasiums and
the like are protected by heat detectors or
other approved detection devices.

1.3. Shops and laboratories involving dusts or
vapors are protected by heat detectors or
other approved detection devices.

1.4. Off-premises monitoring is provided.

1.5. The capability to activate the evacuation
signal from a central point is provided.

1.6. In buildings where normally occupied
spaces are provided with a two-way com-
munication system between such spaces
and a constantly attended receiving station
from where a general evacuation alarm can
be sounded, except in locations specifi-
cally designated by the fire code official.

2. Manual fure alarm boxes shall not be required in
Group E occupancies where the building is
equipped throughout with an approved automatic
sprinkler system, the notification appliances will
activate on sprinkler water flow and manual activa-
tion is provided from a normally occupied
location.

[F] 907.2.3.1 System connection. When more than one
fire alarm control unit is used at the school campus, they

shall be interconnected and shall operate all notification
appliances.

Exception: Interconnection of fire alarm control
units is not required when:

1. Buildings that are separated a minimum of 20
feet (6096 mm) and in accordance with the Cal-
ifornia Building Code, and

2. There is a method of communication between
each classroom and the school administrative
office approved by the fire authority having ju-
risdiction.

[F] 907.2.3.2 School fire alarms. Except as provided in
Section 907.3, every building used for educational pur-
poses, regardless of occupancy classification, shall be
providedwith an approvedfire alarm system. This provi-
sion shall apply to, but shall not necessarily be limited to,
every elementary school, high school, community col-
lege and university.

Exception: Privately owned trade or vocational
schools or any firm or company that provides educa-
tional facilities and instructions for its employees.

[F] 907.2.3.3 Notification. The system notification shall
be consistent with the requirements for audible and visi-
ble notification requirements of Section 907 andNFPA
72 as amended in Chapter 35. Audible notification shall
comply with the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) S3. 41 Emergency Evacuation Signal. An audible
alarm notification appliance shall be mounted on the
exterior of buildings to alert occupants in and around the
playground area.

[F] 907.2.3.4 Annunciation. Annunciation of the fire
alarm system shall comply with the requirements of Sec-
tion 907.8.

[F] 907.2.3.5 Supervising station. Fire alarm systems
shall transmit the alarm, supervisory and trouble signals
to an approved supervising station in accordance with
NFPA 72. The supervising station shall be listedas either
UUFX (central station) or UUJS (remote and propri-
etary) by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) or shall
comply with the requirements of standard, FM 3011.

[F] 907.2.3.6 Public school — smoke detectors.

[F] 907.2.3.6.1 Automatic detection. Smoke detec-
tors shall be used as the primary method of automatic
alarm initiation except in areas where the environ-
ment or ambient conditions exceed smoke detector
installation guidelines, another method of automatic
detection shall be used. In areas containing sprin-
klers, heat detectors may be omitted. Smoke detectors
shall be designed, installed and maintained in accor-
dance with Section 907 and NFPA 72 as amended in
Chapter 35.

Smoke detectors shall be located at the ceiling of
every room and area, and in "ceiling-plenums" uti-
lized for environmental air. In buildings provided with
an approved automatic fire sprinkler system where
the ceiling creates a "ceiling-plenum" or a space

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above the ceiling fornonenvironmental air, automatic
sprinklers shall be installed to protect such spaces of
buildings that house and/or serve students from kin-
dergarten through twelfth grade (K-12) and are sited
on a new public school campus as defined in Section
202.

Where the ceiling is attached directly to the under-
side of the roof structure, automatic smoke detectors
shall be installed on the ceiling only.

Heat detectors shall be installed in spaces where
sprinklers are not installed. Heat detectors shall be
installed and maintained in accordance with Section
907 and NFPA 72 as amended in Chapter 35.

[F] 907.2.3. 7 Public school — automatic fire alarm sys-
tem requirements.

907.2.3.7,1 New public school campus. On or after
July 1, 2002, a State Fire Marshal approved and listed
automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all
new public school campuses as defined in Section
202. The approved fire alarm system shall be both
automatic and manual andmaintained in accordance
with Section 907 and Chapter 35. At least one manual
box shall be installed for the purpose of manually ini-
tiating the fire alarm system.

[F] 907.2.3.7.2 Modernization project. A State Fire
Marshal approved and listed fire alarm system shall
be provided in all modernization projects as defined
in Section 202. The approved fire alarm system shall
be both automatic and manual and maintained in
accordance with Section 907 and Chapter 35. When
the requirements of this section are met, manual fire
alarm boxes are not required throughout the modern-
ization project. At least one manual box shall be
installedfor the purpose of manually initiating the fire
alarm system.

[F] 907.2.3.8 Portable buildings — automatic jxre alarm
system requirements

[F] 907.2.3.8.1 Permanent-portable buildings. A

portable building that is used to serve or house stu-
dents from kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12)
and is certified as a permanent building on a new pub-
lic school campus by the public school administration
shall comply with the requirements of Section
907.2.3.7.1.

[F] 907.2.3.8.2 Permanent-portable building mod-
ernization project. A permanent-portable building to
undergo modernization efforts, and is used to serve or
house students from kindergarten through twelfth
grade (K-12} that is certifiedas apermanent building
by the public school administration shall comply with
the requirements of Section 907.2.3.7.2.

[F] 907.2.3.8.3 Exempted portable building. A por-
table building as defined in Section 202 that is certi-
fied by the public school administration as being sited
on campus for less than three years is not required to

install an automatic fire detection system or auto-
matic sprinkler system.

[F] 907.2.4 Group F. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group F occupancies that are two or more sto-
ries in height and have an occupant load of 500 or more
above or below the lowest level of exit discharge.

Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required
when the building is equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system and the notification appliances
will activate upon sprinkler water flow.

[F] 907.2.5 Group H. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group H-5 occupancies and in occupancies used
for the manufacture of organic coatings. An automatic
smoke detection system shall be installed for highly toxic
gases, organic peroxides and oxidizers in accordance with
Chapters 37, 39 and 40, respectively, of the California Fire
Code.

[F] 907.2.6 Group I. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group I occupancies. An electrically super-
vised, automatic smoke detection system shall be provided
in accordance with Sections 907.2.6.1 and 907.2.6.2.

Exception: Large family day care.

[F] 907.2.6.1 Group I-l. Corridors, habitable spaces
other than sleeping units and kitchens and waiting areas
that are open to corridors shall be equipped with an auto-
matic smoke detection system.

Exceptions:

1. Smoke detection in habitable spaces is not re-
quired where the facility is equipped through-
out with an automatic sprinkler system.

2. Smoke detection is not required for exterior
balconies.

[F] 907.2.6.1.1 Licensed group I-l occupancies.

Licensed Group I-l occupancies housing more than
six non-ambulatory, elderly clients shall be provided
with an approved manual and automatic fire alarm
system.

Exceptions: Buildings housing non- ambulatory
clients on the first story only and which are pro-
tected throughout by the following:

1. An approved and supervised automatic
sprinkler system, as specified in Sections
903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, which upon activa-
tion will initiate the fire alarm system to no-
tify all occupants.

2. A manual fire alarm system.

3. Smoke alarms required by Section 907.2.10.

[F] 907.2.6.2 Groups 1-2 and 1-2.1. An approved man-
ual and automatic fire alarm system shall be provided for
Group 1-2 and 1-2.1 occupancies. Audible appliances
shall be used in non-patient areas. Visible appliances
may be used in lieu of audible appliances in
patient-occupied areas. Audible appliances placed in

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patient areas shall be only chimes or similar sounding
appliances for alerting staff. An automatic smoke detec-
tion system shall be provided.

Exceptions:

1. Heat detectors may be used in closets, unusable
space under floor areas, storage rooms, bath-
rooms, attics, kitchens, laundry rooms and
rooms of similar use.

2. When an entire facility is used for the housing of
persons, none of whom are physically or men-
tally handicapped or non-ambulatory, and are
between the ages of 18 and 64, the buildings or
structures comprising such facility shall be ex-
empt from the provisions of this subsection re-
lating to the installation of an automatic fire
alarm system.

In occupancies housing non-ambulatory persons
where restraint is practiced, staff and attendants shall be
provided and housed or located in such a manner that
such supervisory personnel will also be alerted upon
activation of any detector required by this section.

Automatic closing doors shall comply with Section
715.4.73.

[F] 907.2.6.2.1 Smoke detectors shall be installed in
patient and client sleeping rooms. Actuation of such
detectors shall cause a visual display on the corridor
side of the room in which the detector is located and
shall cause an audible and visual alarm at the respec-
tive nurses' station. A nurse call system listed for this
function is an acceptable method of providing the
audible and visual alarm at the respective nurses 'sta-
tion.

Exception: In rooms equipped with existing auto-
matic door closers having integral smoke detector,
the integral detector may substitute for the room
smoke detector, provided it meets all the required
alerting function.

Operation of the smoke detector shall not include
any alarm verification feature.

[F] 907.2.6.3 Group 1-3. Group 1-3 occupancies shall be
equipped with a manual and automatic fire alarm system
installed for alerting staff.

[F] 907.2.6.3.1 System initiation. Actuation of an
automatic fire-extinguishing system, a manual fire
alarm box or a fire detector shall initiate an approved
fire alarm signal which automatically notifies staff.
Presignal systems shall not be used.

[F] 907.2.6.3.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual
fure alarm boxes are not required to be' located in
accordance with Section 907.3 where the fire alarm
boxes are provided at staff-attended locations having
direct supervision over areas where manual fire alarm
boxes have been omitted.

Manual fire alarm boxes shall be permitted to be
locked in areas occupied by detainees, provided that
staff members are present within the subject area and

have keys readily available to operate the manual fire
alarm boxes.

[F] 907.2.6.3.3 Smolie detectors. An approved auto-
matic smoke detection system shall be installed
throughout resident housing areas, including sleeping
units and contiguous day rooms, group activity spaces
and other common spaces normally accessible to resi-
dents.

Exception: Other approved smoke detection
arrangements may be used to prevent damage or
tampering or for other purposes provided the func-
tion of detecting any fire is fulfilled and the loca-
tion of the detectors is such that the speed of
detection will be equivalent to that provided by the
spacing and location required in accordance with
NFPA 72 as referenced in Chapter 35. This may
include the location of detectors in return air ducts
from cells, behind grilles or in other locations.
Spot type, combination duct and open area smoke
detectors may be used when located not more than
14 inches (356 mm) from the return air grill. For
initiation and annunciation purposes, these detec-
tors may be combined in groups of four. The fire
code official having jurisdiction, however, must
approve the proposed equivalent performance of
the design.

[F] 907.2.6.3.4 System annunciation. A staff alerting
fire alarm shall sound at all staff control stations on
the floor of activation and an audible and visual sig-
nal shall be indicated on an annunciator at the facility
control center upon activation of any automatic extin-
guishing system, automatic detection system, or any
smoke detector or manual actuating or initiating
device. In addition, where there are staff-control sta-
tions on the floor, an audible, visual and manual
alarm shall be located in each staff control station.

Fire and trouble signals of fire alarm systems and
sprinkler water-flow and supervisory signals of extin-
guishing systems shall be annunciated in an area des-
ignated as the facility control center which shall be
constantly attended by staff personnel. All such sig-
nals shall produce both an audible signal and visual
display at the facility control center indicating the
building, floor zone or other designated area from
which the signal originated in accordance with Sec-
tion 907.8.

All local detention facilities within the scope of
Section 6031.4 of the Penal Code shall have a auto-
matic smoke detection system. A manual fire
alarm-initiating device shall be installed in all guard
control stations and shall be capable of alerting per-
sonnel in a central control point to the presence of fire
or smoke within the facility.

[F] 907.2.6.4 Large-family day care. Every large-family
day care home shall be provided with at least one manual
device at a location approved by the authority having
jurisdiction. Such device shall actuate afire alarm sig-
nal, which shall be audible throughout the facility at a

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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minimum level of 15 db above ambient noise level. These
devices need not be interconnected to any other fire
alarm device, have a control panel or be electrically
supervised or provided with emergency power. Such
device or devices shall be attached to the structure and
may be of any type acceptable to the enforcing agency,
provided that such devices are distinctive in tone and are
audible throughout the structure.

[F] 907.2.7 Group M. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group M occupancies having an occupant load
of 500 or more persons or more than 100 persons above or
below the lov/est level of exit discharge. The initiation of a
signal from a manual fure alarm box shall initiate alarm noti-
fication appliances as required by Section 907.9.

Exceptions:

1. A manual fu:e alarm system is not required in
covered mall buildings complying with Section
402.

2. Manual &e alarm boxes are not required where the
building is equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system and the alarm notification appli-
ances will automatically activate upon sprinkler
water flow.

[F] 907.2.7.1 Occupant notification. During times that
the building is occupied, the initiation of a signal from a
manual fire alarm box or from a water flow switch shall
not be required to activate the alarm notification appU-
ances when an alarm signal is activated at a constantly
attended location -from which evacuation instructions
shall be initiated over an emergency voice/alarm com-
munication system installed in accordance with Section
907.2.12.2.

The emergency voice/alarm communication system
shall be allowed to be used for other announcements pro-
vided the manual fure alarm use takes precedence over
any other use.

[F] 907.2.8 Group R-1 and Group R-4. Fire alann systems
shall be installed in Group R-1 and Group R-4 occupancies
as required in Sections 907.2.8.1 through 907.2.8. 4.

[F] 907.2.8.1 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fire
alarm system shall be installed in Group R-1 occupan-
cies.

Exceptions:

1. A manual fire alarm system is not required in
buildings not more than two stories in height
where all individual sleeping units and contigu-
ous attic and crawl spaces are separated from
each other and public or common areas by at
least 1-hour fire partitions and each individual
sleeping unit has an exit directly to a pubKc
way, exit court or yard.

2. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required
throughout the building when the following
conditions are met:

2.1. The building is equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system in-

stalled in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2;

2.2. The notification appliances will activate
upon sprinkler water flow; and

2 .3 . At least one manual fire alarm box is in-
stalled at an approved location.

[F] 907.2.8.2 Automatic fire alarm system. An auto-
matic fire alarm system shall be installed throughout all
interior corridors serving sleeping units.

Exception: An automatic fire detection system is not
required in buildings that do not have interior corri-
dors serving sleeping units and where each sleeping
unit has a means of egress door opening directly to an
exterior exit access that leads directly to an exit.

[F] 907.2.8.3 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be
installed as requu-ed by Section 907.2.10. In buildings
that are not equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the smoke alarms in sleeping
units shall be connected to an emergency electrical sys-
tem and shall be annunciated by sleeping unit at a con-
stantly attended location from which the fire alarm
system is capable of being manually activated.

[F] 907.2.8.4 Fire alarm systems in Group R-4 occu-
pancies. An approved manual and automatic fire alarm
system shall be installed in Group R-4 occupancies.

Exceptions:

1. Froieciive social care occupancies housing
persons none of whom are physically or men-
tally handicapped or nonambulatory and which
provide supervisory services such as alcohol-
ism or drug abuse recovery or treatment facili-
ties, halfway houses operated by the California
Department of Corrections, and similar facili-
ties and are provided with a manual fire alarm
box which will actuate a distinctive fire alarm
signal that can be heard throughout the facility.

2. Protective social care facilities provided with
an automatic sprinkler system which complies
with Chapter 9 and are provided with a manual
fire alarm box which will actuate a distinctive
fire alarm signal that can be heard throughout
the facility.

[F] 907.2.9 Group R-2. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group R-2 occupancies where:

1 . Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is located three or
more stories above the lowest level of exit discharge;

2. Any dweUing unit or sleeping unit is located more
than one story below the highest level of exit dis-
charge of exits serving the dwelling unit or sleeping
unit; or

3. The building contains more than 16 dwelling units or
sleeping units.

Exceptions:

1. A fire alarm system is not required in build-
ings not more than two stories in height

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

where all dwelling units or sleeping units
and contiguous attic and crawl spaces are
separated from each other and public or
common areas by at least 1-hour fire parti-
tions and each dwelling unit or sleeping unit
has an exit directly to a pubUc way, exit court
or yard.

2. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required
throughout the building when the following
conditions are met:

2.1. The building is equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system
in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or Section 903.3.1.2; and

2.2. The notification appliances will acti-
vate upon sprinkler flow.

3. A fure alarm system is not required in build-
ings that do not have interior corridors serv-
ing dwelling units and are protected by an
approved automatic sprinkler system in-
stalled in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1
or 903.3. 1.2, provided that dwelling units ei-
ther have a means of egress door opening di-
rectly to an exterior exit access that leads
directly to the exits or are served by
open-ended corridors designed in accor-
dance with Section 1023.6, Exception 4.

[F] 907.2.10 Single- and multiple-station smolce alarms.

Listed single- and multiple-station smoke alarms comply-
ing with UL 217 shall be installed in accordance with the
provisions of this code and the household fire-warning
equipment provisions of NFPA 72.

Exception: For Group R occupancies. Afire alarm sys-
tem with smoke detectors located in accordance with this
section may be installed in lieu of smoke alarms. Upon
actuation of the detector, only those notification appli-
ances in the dwelling unit or guest room where the detec-
tor is actuated shall activate.

[F] 907.2.10.1 Where required. Single- or multiple-sta-
tion smoke alarms shall be installed in the locations
described in Sections 907.2.10.1.1 through 907.2.10.1.3.

[F] 907.2.10.1.1 Group R-1. Single- or multiple-sta-
tion smoke alai-ms shall be installed in all of the fol-
lowing locations in Group R-1:

1. In sleeping areas.

2. In every room in the path of the means of egress
from the sleeping area to the door leading from
the sleeping unit.

3. In each story within the sleeping unit, including
basements. For sleeping units with split levels
and without an intervening door between the
adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on the
upper level shall suffice for the adjacent lower
level provided that the lower level is less than
one full story below the upper level.

4. In enclosed common stairwells of multi-
ple-dwelling complexes.

[F] 907.2.10.1.2 Groups R-2, R-3, R-3.1, R-4 and

I-l. Single- or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be
installed and maintained in Groups R-2, R-3, R-3.1,
R-4 and I-l, regardless of occupant load at all of the
following locations:

1. On the ceiUng or wall outside of each separate
sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of bed-
rooms.

2. In each room used for sleeping purposes.

3. In each story within a dwelling unit, including
basements but not including crawl spaces and
uninhabitable attics. In dwellings or dwelling
units with split levels and without an interven-
ing door between the adjacent levels, a smoke
alarm installed on the upper level shall suffice
for the adjacent lower level provided that the
lower level is less than one full story below the
upper level.

4. In enclosed common stairwells of apartment
complexes and other multiple-dwelling com-
plexes.

5. In a Group R-3.1 occupancy, in addition to the
above, smoke alarms shall be provided
throughout the habitable areas of the dwelling
unit except kitchens.

[F] 907.2.10.1.3 Group I-l. Single- or multiple-sta-
tion smoke alarms shall be installed and maintained in
sleeping areas in Group I-l occupancies.

Exception: Single- or multiple-station smoke
alarms shall not be required where the building is
equipped throughout with an automatic fire detec-
tion system in accordance with Section 907.2.6.

907.2.10.1.4 Group 1-4 occupancies. Large-family
day-care homes shall be equipped with State Fire
Marshal approved and listed single- station residen-
tial-type smoke alarms.

907.2.10.1.5 Group R-3.1. In all facilities housing a
bedridden client, smoke alarms shall receive their
primary power from the building wiring when such
wiring is served from a commercial source and shall
be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms,
shall be electrically interconnected so as to cause all
smoke alarms to sound a distinctive alarm signal
upon actuation of any single smoke alarm. Such
alarm signal shall be audible throughout the facility
at a minimal level of 15 db above ambient noise level.
These devices need not be interconnected to any other
fire alarm device, have a control panel, or be electri-
cally supervised or provided with emergency power

907.2.10.2 Power source. In new construction and in
newly classified Group R-3.1 occupancies, required
smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the
building wiring where such wiring is served from a com-
mercial source and shall be equipped with a battery

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

269

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

backup. Smoke alarms shall emit a signal when the bat-
teries are low. Wiring shall be permanent and without a
disconnecting switch other than as required for
overcurrent protection.

Exception: Smoke alarms are not required to be
equipped with battery backup in Group R-1 where
they are connected to an emergency electrical system.

[F] 907.2.10.3 Interconnection. Where more than one
smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individ-
ual dwelling unit in Group R-2, R-3, R-3.1, or R-4, or
within an individual dwelUng unit or sleeping unit in
Group R-1, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in
such a manner that the activation of one alarm will acti-
vate all of the alarms in the individual unit. The alarm
shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background
noise levels with all intervening doors closed.

[F] 907.2.10.4 Acceptance testing. When the installa-
tion of the alarm devices is complete, each detector and
interconnecting wiring for multiple-station alarm
devices shall be tested in accordance with the household
fire warning equipment provisions of NFPA 72.

907.2.10.5 Group R-3 occupancies.

907.2.10.5.1 Existing buildings housing Group R-3
occupancies established prior to the effective date of
these regulations may have their use continued if they
conform or are made to conform to provisions of these
regulations to the extent that reasonable and ade-
quate life safety against the hazards of fire, panic and
explosion is substantially provided. Additional means
of egress, the installation of automatic sprinkler sys-
tems, automatic fire alarm system or other life safety
measures, may be required to provide reasonable and
adequate safety.

Note: It is the intent of this section that every exist-
ing occupancy need not mandatorily conform with
the requirements for new construction. Reason-
able judgment in the application of requirements
must be exercised by the enforcing agency.

907.2.10.5.2 For purposes of clarification. Health
and Safety Code Section 13113.7 is repeated.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a
smoke detector, approved and listed by the
State Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 13114,
shall be installed, in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions in each dwelling
intended for human occupancy within the ear-
liest applicable time period as follows:

(1) For all dwelling units intended for hu-
man occupancy, upon the owner's ap-
plication on or after January 1, 1985,
for a permit for alterations, repairs, or
additions, exceeding one thousand dol-
lars ($1,000).

(2) For all other dwelling units intended for
human occupancy on or after January
1, 1987

However, if any local rule, regulation, or ordi-
nance, adopted prior to the compliance dates speci-
fied in paragraphs (1) and (2) requires installation in
a dwelling unit intended for human occupancy of
smoke detector, which receive their power from the
electrical system of the building and requires compli-
ance with the local rule, regulation, or ordinance at a
date subsequent to the dates specified in this section,
the compliance date specified in the rule, regulation,
or ordinance shall, but only with respect to the dwell-
ing units specified in this section, take precedence
over the dates specified in this section.

The State Fire Marshal may adopt regulations
exempting dwellings intended for human occupancy
with fire sprinkler systems from the provisions of this
section, if he or she determines that a smoke detector
is not reasonably necessary for fire safety in the occu-
pancy.

Unless prohibited by local rules, regulations, or
ordinances, a battery-operated smoke detector which
otherwise meets the standards adopted pursuant to
Section 13114 for smoke detectors, satisfies the
requirements of this section.

(b) "Dwelling units intended for human occu-
pancy," as used in this section, includes a du-
plex, lodging house, apartment complex,
hotel, motel, condominium, stock coopera-
tive, time-share project, or dwelling unit of a
multiple-unit dwelling complex. For the pur-
pose of this part, "dwelling units intended for
human occupancy" does not include manu-
factured homes as defined in Section 18007,
mobile homes as defined in Section 18008,
and commercial coaches as defined in Section
18001.8.

(c) The owner of each dwelling unit subject to this
section shall supply and install smoke detec-
tors required by this section in the locations
and in the manner set forth in the manufac-
turer's instructions, as approved by the State
Fire Marshal's regulations. In the case of
apartment complexes and other multi-
ple-dwelling complexes, a smoke detector
shall be installed in the common stairwells.
All fire alarm warning systems supplemental
to the smoke detector shall also be listed by
the State Fire Marshal.

(d) A high-rise structure, as defined in subdivi-
sion (b) of Section 13210 and regulated by
Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 13210),
and which is used for purposes other than as
dwelling units intended for human occupancy,
is exempt from the requirements of this sec-
tion.

(e) The owner shall be responsible for testing and
maintaining detectors in hotels, motels, lodg-
ing houses, and common stairwells ofapart-

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

ment complexes and other multiple-dwelling
complexes.

An owner or the owner's agent may enter any
dwelling unit, efficiency dwelling unit, guest room,
and suite owned by the owner for the purpose of
installing, repairing, testing, and maintaining sin-
gle station smoke detectors required by this sec-
tion. Except in cases of emergency, the owner or
owner's agent shall give the tenants of each such
unit, room, or suite reasonable notice in writing of
the intention to enter and shall enter only during
normal business hours. Twenty-four hours shall be
presumed to be reasonable notice in absence of
evidence to the contrary.

The smoke detector shall be operable at the time
that the tenant takes possession. The apartment
complex tenant shall be responsible for notifying
the manager or owner if the tenant becomes aware
of an inoperable smoke detector within his or her
unit. The owner or authorized agent shall correct
any reported deficiencies in the smoke detector
and shall not be in violation of this section for a
deficient smoke detector when he or she has not
received notice of the deficiency.

if) A violation of this section is an infraction pun-
ishable by a maximum fine of two hundred
dollars ($200) for each offense.

(g) This section shall not affect any rights which
the parties may have under any other provi-
sion of law because of the presence or absence
of a smoke detector.

(h) This section shall not apply to the installation
of smoke detectors in single-family dwellings
or factory-built housing which is regulated by
Section 13113.8, as added by Assembly Bill
No. 2285 of the 1983-84 Regular Session.

907.2.10.5.3 For purposes of clarification. Health
and Safety Code Section 13113.8 is repeated.

(a) On and after January 1, 1986, every sin-
gle-family dwelling and factory-built hous-
ing, as defined in Section 19971, which is sold
shall have an operable smoke detector The
detector shall be approved and listed by the
State Fire Marshal and installed in accor-
dance with the State Fire Marshal's regula-
tions. Unless prohibited by local rules,
regulations, or ordinances, a battery-oper-
ated smoke detector shall be deemed to satisfy
the requirements of this section.

(b) On and after January 1, 1986, the transferor
of any real property containing a single-fam-
ily dwelling, as described in subdivision (a),
whether the transfer is made by sale, ex-
change, or real property sales contract, as de-
fined in Section 2985 of the Civil Code, shall
deliver to the transferee a written statement
indicating that the transferor is in compliance
with this section. The disclosure statement

shall be either included in the receipt for
deposit in a real estate transaction, an adden-
dum attached thereto, or a separate docu-
ment.

(c) The transferor shall deliver the statement re-
ferred to in subdivision (b) as soon as practi-
cable before the transfer of title in the case of a
sale or exchange, or prior to execution of the
contract where the transfer is by a real prop-
erty sales contract, as defined in Section 2985.
For purposes of this subdivision, "delivery"
means delivery in person or by mail to the
transferee or transferor, or to any person au-
thorized to act for him or her in the transac-
tion, or to additional transferees who have
requested delivery from the transferor in writ-
ing. Delivery to the spouse of a transferee or
transferor shall be deemed delivery to a trans-
feree or transferor, unless the contract states
otherwise.

(d) This section does not apply to any of the fol-
lowing:

(1) Transfers which are required to be pre-
ceded by the furnishing to a prospective
transferee of a copy of a public report
pursuant to Section 11018.1 of the Busi-
ness and Professions Code.

(2) Transfers pursuant to court order, in-
cluding, but not limited to, transfers or-
dered by a probate court in the
administration of an estate, transfers
pursuant to a writ of execution, trans-
fers by a trustee in bankruptcy, transfers
by eminent domain, or transfers result-
ing from a decree for specific perfor-
mance.

(3) Transfers to a mortgagee by a mort-
gagor in default, transfers to a benefi-
ciary of a deed of trust by a trustor in
default, transfers by any foreclosure
sale after default, transfers by any fore-
closure sale after default in an obliga-
tion secured by a mortgage, or transfers
by a sale under a power of sale after a
default in an obligation secured by a
deed of trust or secured by any other in-
strument containing a power of sale.

(4) Transfers by a fiduciary in the course of
the administration of a decedent's es-
tate, guardianship, conservatorship, or
trust.

(5) Transfers from one co-owner to one or
more co-owners.

(6) Transfers made to a spouse, or to a per-
son or persons in the lineal line of con-
sanguinity of one or more of the
transferors.

(7) Transfers between spouses resulting
from a decree of dissolution of a mar-
riage, from a decree of legal separation,

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

or from a property settlement agree-
ment incidental to either of those de-
crees.

(8) Transfers by the Controller in the
course of administering the Unclaimed
Property Law provided for in Chapter 7
(commencing with Section 1500) of Ti-
tle 10 of Part 3 of the Code of Civil Pro-
cedure.

(9) Transfers under the provisions of Chap-
ter 7 (commencing with Section 3691)
or Chapter 8 (commencing with Section
3771) of Part 6 of Division 1 of the Rev-
enue and Taxation Code.

(e) No liability shall arise, nor any action be
brought or maintained against, any agent of
any party to a transfer of title, including any
person or entity acting in the capacity of an
escrow, for any error, inaccuracy, or omission
relating to the disclosure required to be made
by a transferor pursuant to this section.

However, this subdivision does not apply to a
licensee, as defined in Section 10011 of the Busi-
ness and Professions Code, where the licensee
participates in the making of the disclosure
required to be made pursuant to this section with
actual knowledge of the falsity of the disclosure.

(f) Except as otherwise provided in this section,
this section shall not he deemed to create or
imply a duty upon a licensee, as defined in
Section 10011 of the Business and Profes-
sions Code, or upon any agent of any party to
a transfer of title, including any person or en-
tity acting in the capacity of an escrow, to
monitor or ensure compliance with this sec-
tion.

(g) No transfer of title shall be invalidated on the
basis of a failure to comply with this section,
and the exclusive remedy for the failure to
comply with this section is an award of actual
damages not to exceed one hundred dollars
($100), exclusive of any court costs and attor-
ney's fees.

(h) Local ordinances requiring smoke detectors
in single-family dwellings may be enacted or
amended. However, the ordinances shall sat-
isfy the minimum requirements of this section.

(i) For the purposes of this section, "single-fam-
ily dwelling" does not include a manufac-
tured home as defined in Section 18007, a
mobilehome as defined in Section 18008, or a
commercial coach as defined in Section
18001.8.

(j) This section shall not apply to the installation
of smoke detectors in dwellings intended for
human occupancy, as defined in and regulated
by Section 13113.7 of the Health and Safety

Code, as added by Senate Bill No. 1448 in the
1983-84 Regular Session.

[F] 907.2.11 Special amusement buildings. An approved
automatic smoke detection system shall be provided in spe-
cial amusement buildings in accordance with this section.

Exception: In areas where ambient conditions will cause
a smoke detection system to alarm, an approved alterna-
tive type of automatic detector shall be mstalled.

[F] 907.2.11.1 Alarm. Activation of any single smoke
detector, the automatic sprinkler system or any other
automatic fire detection device shall immediately sound
an alarm at the building at a constantly attended location
firom which emergency action can be initiated, including
the capability of manual initiation of requirements in
Section 907.2.11.2.

[F] 907.2.11.2 System response. The activation of two
or more smoke detectors, a single smoke detector with
alarm verification, the automatic sprinkler system or
other approved fu^e detection device shall automatically:

1. Cause illumination of the means of egress with
light of not less than 1 foot-candle (11 lux) at the
walking surface level;

2. Stop any conflicting or confusing sounds and vi-
sual distractions; and

3 . Activate an approved directional exit marking that
will become apparent in an emergency.

Such system response shall also include acti-
vation of a prerecorded message, clearly audi-
ble throughout the special amusement building,
instructing patrons to proceed to the nearest
exit. Alarm signals used in conjunction with the
prerecorded message shall produce a sound
which is distinctive from other sounds used
during normal operation.

The wiring to the auxiliary devices and
equipment used to accomplish the above fire
safety functions shall be monitored for integrity
in accordance with NFPA 72.

[F] 907.2.11.3 Emergency voice/alarm communica-
tion system. An emergency voice/alarm communication
system, which is also allowed to serve as a public address
system, shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 72,
and shall be audible throughout the entire special amuse-
ment building.

907.2.12 High-rise buildings. High-rise buildings shall be
provided with an automatic fure alarm system and an emer-
gency voice/alarm communication system in accordance
with Section 907.2.12.2.

Exceptions:

1. Airport traffic control towers in accordance with
Sections 412 and 907.2.22.

2. Open parking garages in accordance with Section
406.3.

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3. Buildings with an occupancy in Group A-5.

4. Low-hazard special occupancies in accordance
with Section 503.1.1.

5 . Buildings with an occupancy in Group H- 1 , H-2 or
H-3 in accordance with Section 415.

[F] 907.2.12.1 Automatic fire detection. Smoke detec-
tors shall be provided in accordance with this section.
Smoke detectors shall be connected to an automatic fire
alarm system. The activation of any detector required by
this section shall operate the emergency voice/alarm
communication system. Smoke detectors shall be
located as follows:

1. In each mechanical equipment, electrical, trans-
former, telephone equipment or similar room
which is not provided with sprinkler protection, el-
evator machine rooms and in elevator lobbies.

2. In the main return air and exhaust air plenum of
each air-conditioning system having a capacity
greater than 2,000 cubic feet per minute (cfm)
(0.94 mVs). Such detectors shall be located in a
serviceable area downstream of the last duct inlet.

3. At each connection to a vertical duct or riser serv-
ing two or more stories from a return air duct or
plenum of an air-conditioning system. In Group
R- 1 and R-2 occupancies a listed smoke detector is
allowed to be used in each return air riser carrying
not more than 5,000 cfm (2.4 mVs) and serving not
more than 10 air inlet openings.

[F] 907.2.12.2 Emergency voice/alarm communica-
tion system. The operation of any automatic fire detec-
tor, sprinkler water-flow device or manual fire alarm box
shall automatically sound an alert tone followed by voice
instructions giving approved information and directions
for a general or staged evacuation on a minimum of the
alarming floor, the floor above and the floor below in
accordance with the building's fire safety and evacuation
plans required by Section 404 of the California Fire
Code. Speakers shall be provided throughout the build-
ing by paging zones. As a minimum, paging zones shall
be provided as follows:

1. Elevator groups.

2. Exit stairways.

3. Each floor.

4. Areas of refuge as defined in Section 1002.1.

Exception: In Group I-l and 1-2 occupancies, the
alarm shall sound in a constantly attended area and a
general occupant notification shall be broadcast over
the overhead page.

[F] 907.2.12,2.1 Manual override. A manual over-
ride for emergency voice communication shall be
provided on a selective and all-call basis for all paging
zones.

[F] 907.2.12.2.2 Live voice messages. The emer-
gency voice/alarm communication system shall also

have the capability to broadcast live voice messages
through paging zones on a selective and all-call basis.

[F] 907.2.12.2.3 Standard. The emergency voice/
alarm communication system shall be designed and
installed in accordance with NFPA 72.

[F] 907.2.12.3 Fire department communication sys-
tem. An approved two-way, fire department communi-
cation system designed and installed in accordance with
NFPA 72 shall be provided for fire department use. It
shall operate between a fire command center complying
with Section 911 and elevators, elevator lobbies, emer-
gency and standby power rooms, fire pump rooms, areas
of refuge and inside enclosed exit stairways. The fire
department communication device shall be provided at
each floor level within the enclosed stairway.

Exception: Fire department radio systems where
approved by the fire department.

[F] 907.2.13 Atriums connecting more than two stories.

A fire alarm system shall be installed in occupancies with an
atrium that connects more than two stories. The system shall
be activated in accordance with Section 907.6. Such occu-
pancies in Group A, E or M shall be provided with an emer-
gency voice/alarm communication system complying with
the requirements of Section 907.2. 12.2.

[F] 907.2,14 High-piled combustible storage areas. An

automatic fire detection system shall be installed through-
out high-piled combustible storage areas where required by
the California Fire Code.

[F] 907.2.15 Delayed egress locks. Where delayed egress
locks or devices are installed on means of egress doors in
accordance with Section 1008.1.8.6, an automatic smoke
detection system shall be installed as required by this sec-
tion and Section 1008.1.8.6.

[F] 907.2.15.1 In other than Group I occupancies and
Group R-4 occupancies for single-story buildings,
smoke detectors shall be installed at ceilings throughout
all occupied areas and mechanical/electrical spaces.
For multiple- story buildings, smoke detectors shall be
installed throughout all occupied areas and mechani-
cal/electrical spaces for the story where delayed egress
devices are installed. Additional detectors are required
on adjacent stories where occupants of those stories uti-
lize the same means of egress.

[F] 907.2.15.2 For Group I occupancies. Smoke detec-
tors shall be installed at ceilings throughout all occupied
areas and mechanical/electrical spaces of smoke com-
partments where delayed egress devices are installed.
Additional detectors are required in adjacent smoke
compartments where occupants of those compartments
utilize the same means of egress.

[F] 907.2.15.3 For Group R-4 occupancies licensed as
residential care facilities for the elderly, and housing cli-
ents with Alzheimer's disease or dementia residential
facilities, smoke detectors shall be installed at ceilings
throughout all occupiable rooms and areas and mechan-
ical/electrical rooms and spaces.

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[F] 907.2.16 Aerosol storage uses. Aerosol storage rooms
and general-purpose warehouses containing aerosols shall
be provided with an approved manual fire alarm system
where required by the California Fire Code.

[F] 907.2.17 Lumber, wood structural panel and veneer
mills. Lumber, wood structural panel and veneer mills shall
be provided with a manual fire alarm system.

[F] 907.2.18 Underground buildings with smoke exhaust
system. Where a smoke exhaust system is installed in an
underground building in accordance with this code, auto-
matic fire detectors shall be provided in accordance with
this section.

[F] 907.2.18.1 Smoke detectors. A minimum of one
smoke detector Usted for the intended purpose shall be
installed in the following areas:

1. Mechanical equipment, electrical, transformer,
telephone equipment, elevator machine or similar
rooms.

2. Elevator lobbies.

3. The main return and exhaust air plenum of each
air-conditioning system serving more than one
story and located in a serviceable area downstream
of the last duct inlet.

4. Each connection to a vertical duct or riser serving
two or more floors from return air ducts or ple-
nums of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
systems, except that in Group R occupancies, a
listed smoke detector is allowed to be used in each
return air riser carrying not more than 5,000 cfm
(2.4 m^/s) and serving not more than 10 air inlet
openings.

[F] 907.2.18.2 Alarm required. Activation of the smoke
exhaust system shall activate an audible alarm at a con-
stantly attended location.

[F] 907.2.19 Underground buildings. Where the lowest
level of a structure is more than 60 feet (18 288 mm) below
the lowest level of exit discharge, the structure shall be
equipped throughout with a manual fire alarm system,
including an emergency voice/alarm communication sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section 907.2.12.2.

[F] 907.2.19.1 Public address system. Where a fire
alarm system is not required by Section 907.2, a public
address system shall be provided that shall be capable of
transmitting voice communications to the highest level
of exit discharge serving the underground portions of the
structure and all levels below.

[F] 907.2.20 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall build-
ings exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645 m^) in total floor
area shall be provided witii an emergency voice/alarm com-
munication system. An emergency voice/alarm communi-
cation system serving a mall, required or otherwise, shall be
accessible to the fire department. The system shall be pro-
vided in accordance witii Section 907.2.12.2.

[F] 907.2.21 Residential aircraft hangars. A minimum of
one Usted smoke alarm shall be installed within a residential

aircraft hangar as defined in Section 412.3.1 and shall be
interconnected into the residential smoke alarm or other
sounding device to provide an alarm that will be audible in
all sleeping areas of the dwelling.

[F] 907.2.22 Airport traffic control towers. An automatic
fire detection system shall be provided in akport traffic con-
trol towers.

[F] 907.2.23 Battery rooms. An approved automatic
smoke detection system shall be installed in areas contain-
ing stationary storage battery systems having a liquid capac-
ity of more than 50 gallons (189.3 L). The detection system
shall be supervised by an approved central, proprietary or
remote station service or a local alarm that will sound an
audible signal at a constantly attended location.

[F] 907.2.24 Motion picture and television production stu-
dio sound stages and approved production facilities,

[F] 907.2.24.1 Sound stages — solid-ceiling sets and
platforms. All interior solid-ceiling sets over 600 square
feet (55.7 m^) in area, and platforms (when provided)
over 600 square feet (55. 7 rr?) in area and which exceed 3
feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected by one of the
following:

1. An approved and listed heat detector system. Heat
detectors shall be spaced 30 feet (9144 mm) on
center or as required by the manufacturer's instal-
lation instructions. Detectors shall be connected
to an approved and listed central, proprietary or
remote station service or a local alarm which will
give an audible signal at a constantly attended lo-
cation. Such system shall be installed in accor-
dance with California Fire Code Chapter 9.

2. The ceiling shall be positioned to allow for the op-
eration of the building's automatic fire sprinkler
system after rehearsal, videotaping, filming, or
broadcasting of programs has been completed for
the day.

3. An approved fire watch.

4. Special hazards shall be reviewed by the fire code
official (see Additional Fire Protection Systems,
California Fire Code Section 901.4.3).

[F] 907.2.24.2 Production locations — solid-ceiling sets
and platforms. In buildings with existing fire protection
systems and where production intends to construct
solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet (55. 7 m^) in area,
and platforms over 600 square feet (55. 7 m^) in area and
which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected
by one of the following:

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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3. An approved fire watch.

4. Special hazards shall be reviewed by the enforcing
agency (see Additional Fire Protection Systems,
California Fire Code Section 901.4.3.).

[F] 907.2.24.3 Fire alarm control units. Fire alarm con-
trol units shall be California State Fire Marshal listed
and shall be utilized in accordance with their listing.
Control units may be temporarily supported by sets, plat-
forms or pedestals.

[F] 907.2.24.4 Heat detectors. Heat detection required
by this section shall be defined as a portable system as it
is intended to be reinstalled when platforms or sets are
changed.

Heat detectors shall be secured to standard outlet
boxes which may be temporarily supported by sets, plat-
forms or pedestals. Heat detectors shall be provided for
solid-ceiling sets and platforms where required by Cali-
fornia Fire Code, Section 4605.3 and 4611.14.

[F] 907.2.25 Group C occupancies (every organized
camp).

[F] 907.2.25.1 General. Every building and structure
used or intended for sleeping purposes shall be provided
with an automatic smoke-detector system.

Exceptions:

1. Buildings and structures in existence and in op-
eration prior to January 1, 1985.

2. Tents, tent structures and buildings and struc-
tures that do not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm) in
any lateral dimensions and where such building
or structure is not more than one story.

[F] 907.2.25.2 Camp fire alarm. Every organized camp
shall provide and maintain a device or devices suitable
for sounding afire alarm. Such device or devices may be
of any type acceptable to the enforcing agency provided
they are distinctive in tone from all other signaling
devices or systems and shall be audible throughout the
camp premises. When an automatic fire alarm system is
provided, as required by Section 440.6.6, all signaling
devices required by this section shall be of the same type
as that used in the automatic system.

[F] 907.2.26 Fixed guideway transits systems fire alarm
and communication systems.

[F] 907.2.26.1 General. Every fixed guideway transit
station shall be provided with an approved fire alarm
system. The alarm and communication systems shall be
proprietary, designed and installed so that damage to
any one speaker will not render any paging zone of the
system inoperative.

Exception: Open stations

The voice alarm and public address system may be a
combined system. When approved by the fire department,
a communications system may be combined with the
voice alarm system and the public address system. Such
combined systems shall meet the requirements of the
California Electrical Code.

[F] 907.2.26.2 System components. Each station fire
alarm system shall consist of:

1. Fire alarm control unit at a location as permitted
by the authority having jurisdiction.

2. An alarm annunciator(s). The annunciator(s)
shall be located at a point acceptable to the au-
thority having jurisdiction. The annunciator(s)
shall indicate the type of device and general loca-
tion of alarm. All, alarm supervisory and trouble
signals shall be transmitted to the local annuncia-
tor(s) and the OCC.

3. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided
throughout passenger platforms and stations.

Exception: Voice alarm reporting devices
(emergency telephones) may be used in lieu of
manual fire alarm boxes as permitted by the
authority having jurisdiction.

Such devices shall provide two-way communica-
tion between the OCC and each device. Such
devices shall be located as required for manual fire
alarm boxes, and shall be distinctly identified by
signs, coloring, or other means acceptable to the
authority having jurisdiction.

4. Automatic smoke detectors in all ancillary spaces.

Exceptions:

1. Ancillary spaces protected by an ap-
proved fixed automatic extinguishing
system; or

2. Ancillary spaces protected by quick-re-
sponse sprinklers.

5. Automatic control of exiting components.

[F] 907.2.26.3 Combined voice alarm/public address
system. Each station shall be provided with a one-way
paging system(s) capable of transmitting voice, tape or
electronically generated messages to all areas of the sta-
tion. The system(s) shall be configured such that the mes-
sages can be initiated from either the emergency
management panel (EMP) or the OCC.

[F] 907.2.26.4 Emergency telephones. A dedicated
emergency phone system shall be provided in all under-
ground stations to facilitate direct communications for
emergency response between remote locations and the
EMP

[F] 907.2.26.4.1 The remote phones shall be located
at ends of station platforms, each hose outlet connec-
tion and station valve rooms.

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[F] 907.2.26.4.2 Provisions shall be made in the
design of this system for extensions of the system to the
next passenger station or guideway portal.

[F] 907,2.27 Winery caves. An approved manual fire alarm
system conforming to the provisions of Section 907.2.1 shall
be provided in all Type 3 winery caves.

[F] 907.2.28 Group L. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed throughout buildings containing a Group L occu-
pancy.

[F] 907.3 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm boxes
shaU be installed in accordance with Sections 907.3.1 through
907.3.5.

[F] 907.3.1 Location. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be
located not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) fi:om the entrance to
each exit. Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be
located so that travel distance to the nearest box does not
exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm).

Exception: When individual dwelling units are served by
a single exit stairway, additional boxes at other than the
ground floor may be omitted.

907.3.2 Height. The height of the manual fire alarm boxes
shall be a minimum of 42 inches (1067 mm) and a maxi-
mum of 48 inches (1219 mm), measured vertically, from the
floor level to the highest point of the activating handle or
lever of the box. Manual fire alarm boxes shall also comply
with Section 1117B.6 Item 4.

Exception: [DSA-AC] In existing buildings there is no
requirement to retroactively relocate existing manual fire
alarm boxes to a minimum of 42 inches (1067 mm) and a
maximum of 48 inches (1219 mm) from the floor level to
the activating handle or lever of the box.

[F] 907.3.3 Color. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be red in
color.

[F] 907.3.4 Signs. Where fibre alarm systems are not moni-
tored by a supervising station, an approved permanent sign
shall be installed adjacent to each manual fire alarm box that
reads: WHEN ALARM SOUNDS— CALL FIRE
DEPARTMENT.

Exception: Where the manufacturer has permanently
provided this information on the manual fire alarm box.

907.3.5 Operation. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be opera-
ble with one hand including boxes with protective covers.

[F] 907.3.6 Protective covers. The fire code official is
authorized to require the installation of Hsted manual fire
alarm box protective covers to prevent malicious false
alarms or to provide the manual fire alarm box with protec-
tion from physical damage. The protective cover shall be
transparent or red in color with a transparent face to permit
visibility of the manual fire alarm box. Each cover shall
include proper operating instructions. A protective cover
that emits a local alarm signal shall not be installed unless
approved. Each cover shall not exceed a combined projec-
tion over 4 inches (102 mm) from the surface of the wall into
walks, halls, corridors, passageways or aisles.

[F] 907.4 Power supply. The primary and secondary power
supplies for the fire alarm system shall be provided in accor-
dance with NFPA 72.

[F] 907.5 Wiring. Wiring shall comply witii the requkements
of the California Electrical Code and NFPA 72. Wireless pro-
tection systems utilizing radio-frequency transmitting devices
shall comply with the special requirements for supervision of
low-power wireless systems in NFPA 72.

[F] 907.6 Activation. Where an alarm notification system is
required by another section of this code, it shall be activated by:

1. An automatic fire alarm system.

2. Sprinkler water-flow devices.

3. Manual fire alarm boxes.

[F] 907.7 Preslgnal system. Presignal systems shall not be
installed unless approved by the fire code official and the fire
department. Where a presignal system is installed, 24-hour
personnel supervision shall be provided at a location approved
by the fire department, in order that the alarm signal can be
actuated in the event of fire or other emergency.

[F J 907.8 Zones. Fire alarm systems shall be divided into zones
where required by this section. For the purposes of annuncia-
tion and notification, zoning shall be in accordance with the
following:

1. Where the fire-protective signaling system serves more
than one building, each building shall be considered as a
separate zone.

2. Each floor of a buildin " shall be considered as a separate
zone.

3. Each section of floor of a building that is separated by
fire walls or by horizontal exits shall be considered as a
separate zone.

4. Each zone shall not exceed 22,500 square feet (2090 m^).
The length of any zone shall not exceed 300 feet (9 1 440
mm) in any direction.

Exception: Automatic sprinkler system zones shall
not exceed the area permitted by NFPA 13.

5. For Group 1-3 occupancies each cell complex shall be
considered a separate zone.

6. Annunciation shall be further divided into zones where
deemed necessary by the enforcing agency.

[F] 907.8.1 Annunciation. Alarm, supervisory and trouble
signals shall be annunciated in the main control unit by
means of an audible signal and a visual display in accor-
dance with NFPA 72. Identification of the type of alarm and
supervisory initiating devices, such as manual, automatic,
sprinkler waterflow, sprinkler valve supervisory, fire-pump
supervisory, etc., shall be separately indicated.

Exception: Group R-3 occupancies.

[F] 907.8.2 Annunciator panel. An annunciator panel
complying with Section 907.8.1 and the associated controls
shaU be provided in an approved remote location where
deemed necessary by the enforcing agency. The visual zone
indication shall lock in until the system is reset and shall not
be canceled by the operation of an audible alarm-silencing
switch.

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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[F] 907.8.3 High-rise buildings. In high-rise buildings, a
separate zone by floor shall be provided for all of the follow-
ing types of alarm-initiating devices where provided:

1. Smoke detectors.

2. Sprinkler water-flow devices.

3. Manual fire alarm boxes.

4. Other approved types of automatic foe detection de-
vices or suppression systems.

[F] 907.8.4 Notification zoning. Upon activation of initiat-
ing devices where occupant notification is required for
evacuation, all notification zones shall operate simulta-
neously throughout the building.

Exceptions:

1. High-rise buildings as permitted in Section
907.2.12.2.

2. In hospitals and convalescent facilities with staff
alerting notification appliances or voice/alarm
communication, zoning shall be in accordance
with the approved fire plan.

3. Detention facilities.

4. Upon approval by the fire code official in buildings
which are sprinklered throughout, specific notifi-
cation zoning shall be permitted where the notifi-
cation zones are separated by a minimum of a 2
hour fire barrier and 2 hour fire-resistive floor as-
sembly. The system shall have the capability to ac-
tivate all other notification zones by automatic and
manual means.

5. Upon approval by the fire code official in buildings
which are sprinklered throughout, specific notifi- ■
cation zoning shall be permitted where the acti-
vated initiating device or fire extinguishing system
is separated from any nonactive notification zones
by a minimum of 300 foot (91 440 mm) horizontal
distance. The system shall have the capability to
activate all other notification zones by automatic
and manual means.

[F] 907.9 Alarm notification appliances. Alarm notification
appliances shall be provided and shall be listed for their pur-
pose.

[F] 907.9.1 Visible alarms. Visible alarm notification
appliances shall be provided in accordance with Sections
907.9.1.1 through 907.9.i.5.

Exceptions:

1. In other than Group 1-2 and 1-2.1, visible alarm
notification apphances are not required in alter-
ations, except where an existing fire alarm system
is upgraded or replaced, or a new fire alarm system
is installed.

2. Visible alarm notification appliances shall not be
required in enclosed exit stairways, exterior exit
stairs, and exterior exit ramps.

907.9.1.1 Public and common use areas. Visible alarm
notification appliances shall be provided in public use

areas and common use areas, including but not limited
to:

1. Sanitary facilities including restrooms, bath-
rooms and shower rooms.

2. Corridors.

3. Music practice rooms.

4. Band rooms.

5. Gymnasiums.

6. Multipurpose rooms.

7. Occupational shops.

8. Occupied rooms where ambient noise impairs
hearing of the fire alarm.

9. Lobbies.

10. Meeting rooms.

11. Classrooms.

[F] 907.9.1.2 Employee work areas. Where employee
work areas have audible alarm coverage, the notification
appliance circuits serving the employee work areas shall
be initially designed with a minimum of 20 percent spare
capacity to account for the potential of adding visible
notification appliances in the future to accommodate
hearing impaired employees.

[F] 907.9.1.3 Groups I-l and R-1. Group I-l and R-1
sleeping units in accordance with Table 907.9.1.3 shall
be provided with a visible alarm notification appliance,
activated by both the in-room smoke alarm and flie build-
ing fure alarm system.

[F] TABLE 907.9.1.3
VISIBLE AND AUDIBLE ALARMS

NUMBER OF
SLEEPING UNITS

SLEEPING UNITS WITH
VISIBLE AND AUDIBLE ALARMS

6 to 25

26 to 50

51 to 75

76 to 100

101 to 150

151 to 200

201 to 300

301 to 400

401 to 500

501 to 1,000

5% of total

1,001 and over

50 plus 3 for each 100 over 1,000

[DSA-AC & SFM] Also see Chapter IIB, Section
llllB.4.5, Table llB-3 and Table llB-4.

[F] 907.9.1.4 Group R-2. In Group R-2 occupancies
required by Section 907 to have a fire alarm system, all
dwelling units and sleeping units shall be provided with
the capability to support visible alarm notification appli-
ances in accordance with NFPA 72.

[F] 907.9.1.5 Groups I-l, R-3.1 and R-4. Protective
social care facilities which house persons who are hear-

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ing impaired, shall be provided with notification appli-
ances for the hearing impaired installed in accordance
with NFPA 72 and which shall activate upon initiation of
the fire alarm system or the smoke alarms.

907.9.2 Audible alarms. Audible alarai notification
appliances shall be provided and shall sound a distinctive
sound that is not to be used for any purpose other than
that of a fire alarm. The audible alarm notification appli-
ances shall provide a sound pressure level of 15 decibels
(dBA) above the average ambient sound level or 5 dBA
above the maximum sound level having a duration of at
least 60 seconds, whichever is greater, in every occupied
space within the building. The minimum sound pressure
levels shall be: 75 dBA in occupancies in Groups R and
I- 1 ; 90 dBA in mechanical equipment rooms and 60 dBA
in other occupancies. The maximum sound pressure
level for audible alarm notification apphances shall be
110 dBA at the minimum hearing distance from the audi-
ble appliance. Where the average ambient noise is
greater than 95 dBA, visible alarm notification apph-
ances shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 72 and
audible alarm notification appliances shall not be
required.

In Group 1-2 occupancies, audible appliances placed in
patient areas shall be only chimes or similar sounding devices
for alerting staff.

Exception: Visible alarm notification appliances shall
be allowed in lieu of audible alarm notification appli-
ances in "atisnt areas of Group 1-2 occupancies.

[F] 907.9.2.1 Audible alarm signal. The audible signal
shall be the standard fire alarm evacuation signal, ANSI
S3.41 Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal, "three
pulse temporal pattern," as described in NFPA 72.

Exception: The use of the existing evacuation signal-
ing scheme shall be permitted where approved by the
enforcing agency.

907.10 Fire safety functions. Automatic fire detectors utilized
for the purpose of performing fu-e safety functions shall be con-
nected to the building's fire alarm control unit where a fire
alarm system is installed. Detectors shall, upon actuation, per-
form the intended function and activate the alarm notification
appUances or a visible and audible supervisory signal at a con-
stantly attended location. In buildings not required to be
equipped with a fire alarm system, the automatic fire detector
shall be powered by normal electrical service and, upon actua-
tion, perform the intended function. The detectors shall be
located in accordance with Chapter 5 of NFPA 72.

[F] 907.11 Duct smolce detectors. Duct smoke detectors shall
be connected to the building's fire alarm contirol unit when a
fire alarm system is provided. Activation of a duct smoke
detector shall initiate a visible and audible supervisory signal at
a constantiy attended location. Duct smoke detectors shall not
be used as a substitute for required open-area detection.

Exceptions:

1. The supervisory signal at a constantiy attended loca-
tion is not required where duct smoke detectors acti-
vate the building's alarm notification appliances.

2. In occupancies not required to be equipped with a fire
alarm system, actuation of a smoke detector shall acti-
vate a visible and audible signal in an approved loca-
tion. Smoke detector ttouble conditions shall activate
a visible or audible signal in an approved location and
shall be identified as air duct detector tiouble.

[F] 907.12 Access. Access shall be provided to each detector
for periodic inspection, maintenance and testing.

[F] 907.13 Fire-extinguisliing systems. Automatic fire-extin-
guishing systems shall be connected to the building fire alarm
system where a fire alarm system is required by another section
of this code or is otherwise installed.

[F] 907.14 Monitoring. Fire alarm systems required by this
chapter or the California Fire Code shall be monitored by an
approved supervising station in accordance with NFPA 72.

Exception: Supervisory service is not required for:

1. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms required
by Section 907.2.10.

2. Group 1-3 occupancies shall be monitored in accor-
dance with Section 907.2.6.3.

3. Automatic sprinkler systems in one- and two-family
dwellings.

[F] 907.15 Automatic telephone-dialing devices. Automatic
telephone-dialing devices used to transmit an emergency alarm
shall not be connected to any fure department telephone number
unless approved by the fire chief.

507.16 Acceptance tests. Upon completion of the installation
of the fire alarm system, alarm notification appUances and cir-
cuits, alarm-initiating devices and circuits.supervisory-signal
initiating devices and circuits, signaling Une circuits, primary
and secondary power supphes, fire safety function control
devices and interfaces, and off-site monitoring equipment shall
be tested in accordance witii NFPA 72.

[F] 907.17 Record of completion. A record of completion in
accordance with NFPA 72 verifying that the system has been
installed in accordance with the approved plans and specifica-
tions shall be provided.

[F] 907.18 Instructions. Operating, testmg and maintenance
instructions, and record drawings ("as builts") and equipment
specifications shall be provided at an approved location.

[F] 907.19 Inspection, testing and maintenance. The mainte-
nance and testing schedules and procedures for fire alarm and
fire detection systems shall be in accordance with the Califor-
nia Fire Code.

SECTION 908
EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEMS

[F] 908.1 Group H occupancies. Emergency alarms for the
detection and notification of an emergency condition in Group
H occupancies shall be provided in accordance with Section
414.7.

[F] 908.2 Group H-5 occupancy. Emergency alarms for noti-
fication of an emergency condition in an HPM faciUty shall be
provided as required in Section 415.8.4.6. A continuous

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gas-detection system shall be provided for HPM gases in
accordance with Section 415.8.7.

[F] 908.3 Highly toxic and toxic materials. A gas detection
system shall be provided to detect the presence of gas at or
below the permissible exposure limit (PEL) or ceiUng limit of
the gas for which detection is provided. The system shall be
capable of monitoring the discharge from the treatment system
at or below one-half the immediately dangerous to life and
health (IDLH) limit.

Exception: A gas-detection system is not required for toxic
gases when the physiological \yarning threshold level for
the gas is at a level below the accepted PEL for the gas.

[F] 908.3.1 Alarms. The gas detection system shall initiate
a local alarm and transmit a signal to a constantly attended
control station when a short-term hazard condition is
detected. The alarm shall be both visible and audible and
shall provide warning both inside and outside the area
where gas is detected. The audible alarm shall be distinct
from all other alarms.

Exception: Signal transmission to a constantly attended
control station is not required when not more than one
cylinder of highly toxic or toxic gas is stored.

[F] 908.3.2 Shutoff of gas supply. The gas detection sys-
tem shall automatically close the shutoff valve at the source
on gas supply piping and tubing related to the system being
monitored for whichever gas is detected.

Exception: Automatic shutdown is not required for
reactors utilized for the production of highly toxic or
toxic compressed gases where such reactors are:

1. Operated at pressures less than 15 pounds per
square inch gauge (psig) (103.4 kPa).

2. Constantly attended.

3. Provided with readily accessible emergency shut-
off valves.

[F] 908.3.3 Valve closure. The automatic closure of shutoff
valves shall be in accordance with the following:

1. When the gas-detection sampling point initiating the
gas detection system alarm is within a gas cabinet or
exhausted enclosure, the shutoff valve in the gas cabi-
net or exhausted enclosure for the specific gas de-
tected shall automatically close.

2. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiating the
gas detection system alarm is within a gas room and
compressed gas containers are not in gas cabinets or
exhausted enclosures, the shutoff valves on all gas
lines for the specific gas detected shall automatically
close.

3. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiating the
gas detection system alarm is within a piping distribu-
tion manifold enclosure, the shutoff valve for the
compressed container of specific gas detected supply-
ing the manifold shall automatically close.

Exception: When the gas-detection sampling
point initiating the gas-detection system alarm is at
a use location or within a gas valve enclosure of a

branch line downstream of a piping distribution
manifold, the shutoff valve in the gas valve enclo-
sure for the branch line located in the piping distri-
bution manifold enclosure shall automatically
close.

[F] 908.4 Ozone gas-generator rooms. Ozone gas-generator
rooms shall be equipped with a continuous gas-detection sys-
tem that will shut off the generator and sound a local alarm
when concentrations above the PEL occur.

[F] 908.5 Repair garages. A flammable-gas detection system
shall be provided in repair garages for vehicles fueled by
nonodorized gases in accordance with Section 406.6.6.

[F] 908.6 Refrigerant detector. Machinery rooms shall con-
tain a refrigerant detector with an audible and visual alarm. The
detector, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector, shall
be located in an area where refrigerant from a leak will concen-
trate. The alarm shall be actuated at a value not greater than the
corresponding TLV-TWA values for the refrigerant classifica-
tion indicated in the California Mechanical Code. Detectors
and alarms shall be placed in approved locations.

SECTION 909
SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS

[F] 909.1 Scope and purpose. This section applies to mechan-
ical or passive smoke control systems when they are required
by other provisions of this code. The purpose of this section is
to establish minimum requirements for the design, installation
and acceptance testing of smoke control systems that are
intended to provide a tenable environment for the evacuation or
relocation of occupants. These provisions are not intended for
the preservation of contents, the timely restoration of opera-
tions or for assistance in fire suppression or overhaul activities.
Smoke control systems regulated by this section serve a differ-
ent purpose than the smoke- and heat-venting provisions found
in Section 910. Mechanical smoke control systems shall not be
considered exhaust systems under Chapter 5 of the California
Mechanical Code.

[F] 909.2 General design requirements. Buildings, structures
or parts thereof required by this code to have a smoke control
system or systems shall have such systems designed in accor-
dance with the applicable requirements of Section 909 and the
generally accepted and well-established principles of engi-
neering relevant to the design. The construction documents
shall include sufficient information and detail to adequately
describe the elements of the design necessary for the proper
implementation of the smoke control systems. These docu-
ments shall be accompanied by sufficient information and
analysis to demonstrate compliance with these provisions.

[F] 909.3 Special inspection and test requirements. In addi-
tion to the ordinary inspection and test requirements which
buildings, structures and parts thereof are required to undergo,
smoke control systems subject to the provisions of Section 909
shall undergo special inspections and tests sufficient to verify
the proper commissioning of the smoke control design in its
final installed condition. The design submission accompany-
ing the construction documents shall clearly detail procedures
and methods to be used and the items subject to such inspec-

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279

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

tions and tests. Such commissioning shall be in accordance
with generally accepted engineering practice and, where possi-
ble, based on published standards for the particular testing
involved. The special inspections and tests required by this sec-
tion shall be conducted under the same terms in Section 1704.

[F] 909.4 Analysis. A rational analysis supporting the types of
smoke control systems to be employed, their methods of opera-
tion, the systems supporting them and the methods of construc-
tion to be utiUzed shall accompany the submitted construction
documents and shall include, but not be limited to, the items
indicated in Sections 909.4.1 through 909.4.6.

[F] 909.4.1 Stack effect. The system shall be designed such
that the maximum probable normal or reverse stack effect
will not adversely interfere with the system's capabilities. In
determining the maximum probable stack effect, altitude,
elevation, weather history and interior temperatures shall be
used.

[F] 909.4.2 Temperature effect of fire. Buoyancy and
expansion caused by the design fire in accordance with Sec-
tion 909.9 shall be analyzed. The system shall be designed
such that these effects do not adversely interfere with the
system's capabilities.

[F] 909.4.3 Wind effect. The design shall consider the
adverse effects of wind. Such consideration shall be consis-
tent with the wind-loading provisions of Chapter 16.

[F] 909.4.4 HVAC systems. The design shall consider the
effects of the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
(KVAC) systems on both smoke and fire transport. The
analysis shall include all permutations of systems status.
The design shall consider the effects of the fire on the HVAC
systems.

[F] 909.4.5 Climate. The design shall consider the effects
of low temperatures on systems, property and occupants.
Air inlets and exhausts shall be located so as to prevent snow
or ice blockage.

[F] 909.4.6 Duration of operation. All portions of active or
passive smoke control systems shall be capable of continued
operation after detection of the &e event for a period of not
less than either 20 minutes or 1 .5 times the calculated egress
time, whichever is less.

[F] 909.5 Smoke barrier construction. Smoke barriers shall
comply with Section 709, and shall be constructed and sealed
to limit leakage areas exclusive of protected openings. The
maximum allowable leakage area shall be the aggregate area
calculated using the following leakage area ratios:

1. Walls:

2. Exit enclosures:

3. All other shafts:

4. Floors and roofs:
where:

A = Total leakage area, square feet (m^).

Ap = Unit floor or roof area of barrier, square feet (m^).

A„ = Unit wall area of barrier, square feet (m^).

A/A„= 0.00100

A/A „= 0.00035

A/A ,„= 0.00150

AAf= 0.00050

The leakage area ratios shown do not include openings
due to doors, operable windows or similar gaps. These shall
be included in calculating the total leakage area.

[F] 909.5.1 Leakage area. The total leakage area of the bar-
rier is the product of the smoke barrier gross area multiplied
by the allowable leakage area ratio, plus the area of other
openings such as gaps and operable windows. Comphance
shall be determined by achieving the minimum air pressure
difference across the barrier with the system in the smoke
control mode for mechanical smoke control systems. Pas-
sive smoke control systems tested using other approved
means such as door fan testing shall be as approved by the
fire code official.

909.5.2 Opening protection. Openings in smoke barriers
shall be protected by self-closing devices or automatic-clos-
ing devices actuated by the required controls for the
mechanical smoke control system. Door openings shall be
protected by fire door assemblies complying with Section
715.4.3.

Exceptions:

1. Passive smoke control systems with auto-
matic-closing devices actuated by spot-type
smoke detectors listed for releasing service in-
stalled in accordance with Section 907.10. When
used in a Group 1-2, such detectors shall activate
the fire alarm system.

2. Fixed openings between smoke zones that are pro-
tected utilizing the airflow method in other than
Group 1-2.

3. In Group 1-2, where doors are installed across cor-
ridors, a pair of opposite-swinging doors without a
center mullion or horizontal sliding doors that
comply with Section 1008.1.3.3 shall be installed.
Vision panels consisting of fire-rated glazing in
approved frames shall be provided in each
cross-corridor swinging door and at each
cross-corridor horizontal- sliding door in a smoke
barrier. The doors shall be close fitting within op-
erational tolerances, and shall not have undercuts,
louvers or grilles. Swinging doors shall have head
and jamb stops and astragals or rabbets at meeting
edges. Doors installed across corridors shall be
automatic closing by smoke detection in accor-
dance with Section 715.4.7.3. Positive-latching
devices are required. Doors installed across corri-
dors shall comply with Section 1008.1.1.

Group 1-3.

Openings between smoke zones with clear ceiling
heights of 14 feet (4267 mm) or greater and
bank-down capacity of greater than 20 minutes as
determined by the design fire size.

In Group 1-2, smoke damper activation may be ac-
complished by afire alarm control unit, provided
that an open area smoke detection system is pro-
vided within all areas served by an HVAC system.

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[F] 909.5.2.1 Ducts and air transfer openings. Ducts
and air transfer openings are required to be protected
with a minimum Class II, 250°F (121°C) smoke damper
complying with Section 716.

[F] 909.6 Pressurization method. The primary mechanical
means of controlling smoke shall be by pressure differences
across smoke barriers. Maintenance of a tenable environment
is not required in the smoke control zone of fire origin.

[F] 909.6.1 Minimum pressure difference. The minimum
pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be
0.05-inch water gage (0.0124 kPa) in fully sprinklered
buildings.

In buildings permitted to be other than fully sprinklered,
the smoke control system shall be designed to achieve pres-
sure differences at least two times the maximum calculated
pressure difference produced by the design fire.

[F] 909.6.2 Maximum pressure difference. The maxi-
mum air pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be
determined by required door-opening or closing forces. The
. actual force required to open exit doors when the system is
in the smoke control mode shall be in accordance with Sec-
tion 1008.1.2. Opening and closing forces for other doors
shall be detennined by standard engineering methods for
the resolution of forces and reactions. The calculated force
to set a side-hinged, swinging door in motion shall be deter-
mined by:

F=Fa,+K{WAM')ll{W-d) (Equation 9-1)

where:

A = Door area, square feet (m^).

d = Distance from door handle to latch edge of door, feet
(m).

F = Total door opening force, pounds (N).

Fj^ = Force required to overcome closing device, pounds

(N).
K = Coefficient 5.2 (1.0).
W = Door width, feet (m).
AP = Design pressure difference, inches of water (Pa).

[F] 909.7 Airflow design method. When approved by the fire
code official, smoke migration through openings fixed in a per-
manently open position, which are located between smoke
control zones by the use of the airflow method, shall be permit-
ted. The design airflow shall be in accordance with this section.
Airflow shall be directed to limit smoke migration from the fire
zone. The geometry of openings shall be considered to prevent
flow reversal from turbulent effects.

[F] 909.7.1 Velocity. The minimum average velocity
through a fixed opening shall not be less than:

1/2

V = 217. 2 [h{Tf-T,y{Tf+ 460)]

For SI: v = 119.9 [ /i ( T^- T, )/ Tj.]'"

where:

h = Height of opening, feet (m).

7} = Temperature of smoke, °F (K).

(Equation 9-2)

T„ = Temperature of ambient air, °F (K).

V = Air velocity, feet per minute (m/minute).

[F] 909.7.2 Prohibited conditions. This method shall not
be employed where either the quantity of air or the velocity
of the airflow will adversely affect other portions of the
smoke control system, unduly intensify the fire, disrupt
plume dynamics or interfere with exiting. In no case shall
airflow toward the fire exceed 200 feet per minute (1.02
m/s). Where the formula in Section 909.7. 1 requires airflow
to exceed this limit, the airflow method shall not be used.

[F] 909.8 Exhaust method. When approved by the fire code
official, mechanical smoke control for large enclosed volumes,
such as in atriums or malls, shall be permitted to utilize the
exhaust method. Smoke control systems using the exhaust
method shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 92B.

[F] 909.8.1 Smoke layer. The height of the lowest horizon-
tal surface of the accumulating smoke layer shall be main-
tained at least 6 feet (1829 mm) above any walking surface
that forms a portion of a required egress system within the
smoke zone.

[F] 909.9 Design fire. The design fire shall be based on a ratio-
nal analysis performed by the registered design professional
and approved by the fire code official. The design fire shall be
based on the analysis in accordance with Section 909.4 and this
section.

[F] 909.9.1 Factors considered. The engineering analysis
shall include the characteristics of the fuel, fuel load, effects
included by the fire and whether the fire is likely to be steady
or unsteady.

[F] 909.9.2 Separation distance. Determination of the
design fire shall include consideration of the type of fuel,
fuel spacing and configuration.

[F] 909.9.3 Heat-release assumptions. The analysis shall
make use of best available data from approved sources and
shall not be based on excessively stringent limitations of
combustible material.

[F] 909.9.4 Sprinkler effectiveness assumptions. A docu-
mented engineering analysis shall be provided for condi-
tions that assume fire growth is halted at the time of
sprinkler activation.

[F] 909.10 Equipment. Equipment including, but not limited
to, fans, ducts, automatic dampers and balance dampers, shall
be suitable for its intended use, suitable for the probable expo-
sure temperatures that the rational analysis indicates and as
approved by the fire code official.

[F] 909.10.1 Exhaust fans. Components of exhaust fans
shall be rated and certified by the manufacturer for the prob-
able temperature rise to which the components will be
exposed. This temperature rise shall be computed by:

T={QJmc) + {TJ

(Equation 9-3)

where:

c = Specific heat of smoke at smoke layer temperature,
Btu/lb°F (kJ/kg • K).

m = Exhaust rate, pounds per second (kg/s).

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281

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Qc = Convective heat output of fire, Btu/s (kW).

7; = Ambient temperature, °F (K).

r, = Smoke temperature, °F (K).

Exception: Reduced T, as calculated based on the assur-
ance of adequate dilution air.

[F] 909.10.2 Ducts. Duct materials and joints shall be capa-
ble of withstanding the probable temperatures and pressures
to which they are exposed as determined in accordance with
Section 909.10.1. Ducts shall be constructed and supported
in accordance with the California Mechanical Code. Ducts
shall be leak tested to 1.5 times the maximum design pres-
sure in accordance with nationally accepted practices. Mea-
sured leakage shall not exceed 5 percent of design flow.
Results of such testing shall be a part of the documentation
procedure. Ducts shall be supported directly from fire-resis-
tance-rated structural elements of the building by substan-
tial, noncombustible supports.

Exception: Flexible connections (for the purpose of
vibration isolation) complying with the California
Mechanical Code, that are constructed of approved
fire-resistance-rated materials.

[F] 909.10.3 Equipment, inlets and outlets. Equipment
shaU be located so as to not expose uninvolved portions of
the building to an additional fire hazard. Outside air inlets
shall be located so as to minimize the potential for introduc-
ing smoke or flame into the building. Exhaust outlets shall
be so located as to minimize reintroduction of smoke into
the building and to limit exposure of the building or adjacent
buildings to an additional fire hazard.

[F] 909.10.4 Automatic dampers. Automatic dampers,
regardless of the purpose for which they are installed within
the smoke control system, shall be listed and conform to the
requirements of approved, recognized standards.

[F] 909.10.5 Fans. In addition to other requirements,
belt-driven fans shall have 1.5 times the number of belts
required for the design duty, with the minimum number of
belts being two. Fans shall be selected for stable perfor-
mance based on normal temperature and, where applicable,
elevated temperature. Calculations and manufacturer's fan
curves shall be part of the documentation procedures. Fans
shall be supported and restrained by noncombustible
devices in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 16.
Motors driving fans shall not be operated beyond their
nameplate horsepower (kilowatts), as determined from
measurement of actual current draw, and shall have a mini-
mum service factor of 1.15.

[F] 909.11 Power systems. The smoke control system shall be
supplied with two sources of power. Primary power shall be
from the normal building power system. Secondary power
shall be from an approved standby source complying with the
California Electrical Code. The standby power source and its
transfer switches shall be in a separate room from the normal
power transformers and switch gear and shall be enclosed in a
room constructed of not less than 1-hour fire barriers ventilated
directly to and from the exterior. Power distribution from the
two sources shall be by independent routes. Transfer to full
standby power shall be automatic and within 60 seconds of fail-

ure of the primary power. The systems shall comply with this
code or the California Electrical Code.

[F] 909.11.1 Power sources and power surges. Elements
of the smoke management system relying on volatile mem-
ories or the like shall be supplied with uninterruptable
power sources of sufficient duration to span a 1 5-minute pri-
mary power interruption. Elements of the smoke manage-
ment system susceptible to power surges shall be suitably
protected by conditioners, suppressors or other approved
means.

[F] 909.12 Detection and control systems. Fire detection sys-
tems providing control input or output signals to mechanical
smoke control systems or elements thereof shall comply with
the requirements of Section 907. Such systems shall be
equipped with a control unit complying with UL 864 and listed
as smoke control equipment. Control systems for mechanical
smoke control systems shall include provisions for verifica-
tion. Verification shall include positive confirmation of actua-
tion, testing, manual override, the presence of power
downstream of all disconnects and, through a preprogrammed
weekly test sequence, report abnormal conditions audibly,
visually and by printed report.

[F] 909.12.1 Wiring. In addition to meeting requirements
of the California Electrical Code, all wiring, regardless of
voltage, shall be fully enclosed within continuous raceways.

[F] 909.12.2 Activation. Smoke control systems shall be
activated in accordance with this section.

[F] 909.12.2.1 Fressurization, airflow or exhaust
method. Mechanical smoke control systems using the
pressurization, airflow or exhaust method shall have
completely automatic control.

[F] 909.12.2.2 Passive method. Passive smoke control
systems actuated by approved spot-type detectors listed
for releasing service shall be permitted.

[F] 909.12.3 Automatic control. Where completely auto-
matic control is required or used, the automatic-control
sequences shall be initiated from an appropriately zoned
automatic sprinkler system complying with Section
903.3.1.1, manual controls that are readily accessible to the
fire department and any smoke detectors required by engi-
neering analysis.

[F] 909.13 Control air tubing. Control air tubing shall be of
sufficient size to meet the required response times . Tubing shall
be flushed clean and dry prior to final connections and shall be
adequately supported and protected from damage. Tubing
passing through concrete or masonry shall be sleeved and pro-
tected from abrasion and electrolytic action.

[F] 909.13.1 Materials. Control air tubing shall be hard
drawn copper. Type L, ACR in accordance with ASTM B
42, ASTM B 43, ASTM B 68, ASTM B 88, ASTM B 251
and ASTM B 280. Fittings shall be wrought copper or brass,
solder type, in accordance with ASME B 16. 1 8 or ASME B
16.22. Changes in direction shall be made with appropriate
tool bends. Brass compression-type fittings shall be used at
final connection to devices; other joints shall be brazed
using a BCuP5 brazing alloy with solidus above 1,100°F

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(593°C) and liquids below 1,500°F (816°C). Brazing flux
shall be used on copper-to-brass joints only.

Exception: Nonmetallic tubing used within control pan-
els and at the final connection to devices, provided that
all of the following conditions are met:

1. Tubing shall be listed by an approved agency for
flame and smoke characteristics.

2. Tubing and connected devices shall be completely
enclosed within galvanized or paint-grade steel en-
closure of not less than 0.030 inch (0.76 mm) (No.
22 galvanized sheet gage) thickness. Entry to the
enclosure shall be by copper tubing with a protec-
tive grommet of neoprene or teflon or by suitable
brass compression to male-barbed adapter.

3. Tubing shall be identified by appropriately docu-
mented coding.

4. Tubing shall be neatly tied and supported within
enclosure. Tubing bridging cabinet and door or
moveable device shall be of sufficient length to
avoid tension and excessive stress. Tubing shall be
protected against abrasion. Tubing serving devices
on doors shall be fastened along hinges.

[F] 909.13.2 Isolation from other functions. Control tub-
ing serving other than smoke control functions shall be iso-
lated by automatic isolation valves or shall be an
independent system.

[F] 909.13.3 Testing. Control air tubing shall be tested at
three times the operating pressure for not less than 30 min-
utes without any noticeable loss in gauge pressure prior to
final connection to devices.

[F] 909.14 Marking and identification. The detection and
control systems shall be clearly marked at all junctions,
accesses and terminations.

[F] 909.15 Control diagrams. Identical control diagrams
showing all devices in the system and identifying their location
and function shall be maintained current and kept on file with
the fire code official, the fire department and in the fire com-
mand center in a format and manner approved by the fire chief.

[F] 909.16 Fire-fighter's smoke control panel. A

fure-fighter's smoke control panel for fire department emer-
gency response purposes only shall be provided and shall
include manual control or override of automatic control for
mechanical smoke control systems. The panel shall be located
in a fire command center complying with Section 91 1 in high-
rise buildings or buildings with smoke-protected assembly
seating. In all other buildings, the fure-fighter's smoke control
panel shall be installed in an approved location adjacent to the
fire alarm control panel. The fure-fighter's smoke control panel
shall comply with Sections 909.16.1 through 909.16.3.

[F] 909.16.1 Smoke control systems. Fans within the
building shall be shown on the fire-fighter's control panel. A
clear indication of the direction of airflow and the relation-
ship of components shall be displayed. Status indicators

shall be provided for all smoke control equipment, annunci-
ated by fan and zone, and by approved indicators as follows:

1. Fans, dampers and other operating equipment in their
normal status— WHITE.

2. Fans, dampers and other operating equipment in their
off or closed status — RED.

3. Fans, dampers and other operating equipment in their
on or open status — GREEN.

4. Fans, dampers and other operating equipment in a
fault status— YELLOW/AMBER.

[F] 909.16.2 Smoke control panel. The fire-fighter's con-
trol panel shall provide control capability over the complete
smoke-control system equipment within the building as fol-
lows:

1 . ON- AUTO-OFF control over each individual piece of
operating smoke control equipment that can also be
controlled from other sources within the building.
This includes stairway pressurization fans; smoke ex-
haust fans; supply, return and exhaust fans; elevator
shaft fans and other operating equipment used or in-
tended for smoke control purposes.

2. OPEN- AUTO-CLOSE control over individual damp-
ers relating to smoke control and that are also con-
trolled from other sources within the building.

3. ON-OFF or OPEN-CLOSE control over smoke con-
trol and other critical equipment associated with a fure
or smoke emergency and that can only be controlled
from the fire-fighter's control panel.

Exceptions:

1. Complex systems, where approved, where the
controls and indicators are combined to control
and indicate all elements of a single smoke zone as
a unit.

2. Complex systems, where approved, where the
control is accomplished by computer interface us-
ing approved, plain English commands.

[F] 909.16.3 Control action and priorities. The fire-
fighter's control panel actions shall be as follows:

1. ON-OFF and OPEN-CLOSE control actions shall
have the highest priority of any control point within
the building. Once issued from the fire-fighter's con-
trol panel, no automatic or manual control from any
other control point within the building shall contra-
dict the control action. Where automatic means are
provided to interrupt normal, nonemergency equip-
ment operation or produce a specific result to safe-
guard the building or equipment (i.e., duct freezestats,
duct smoke detectors, high-temperature cutouts, tem-
perature-actuated Hnkage and similar devices), such
means shall be capable of being overridden by the
fure-fighter's control panel. The last control action as
indicated by each fire-fighter's control panel switch
position shall prevail. In no case shall control actions

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

require the smoke control system to assume more than
one configuration at any one time.

Exception: Power disconnects required by the
California Electrical Code.

2. Only the AUTO position of each three-position
fire-fighter's control panel switch shall allow auto-
matic or manual control action from other control
points within the building. The AUTO position shall
be the NORMAL, nonemergency, building control
position. Where a fire-fighter's control panel is in the
AUTO position, the actual status of the device (on,
off, open, closed) shall continue to be indicated by the
status indicator described above. When directed by an
automatic signal to assume an emergency condition,
the NORMAL position shall become the emergency
condition for that device or group of devices within
the zone. In no case shall control actions require the
smoke control system to assume more than one
configuration at any one time.

[F] 909.17 System response time. Smoke-control system acti-
vation shall be initiated immediately after receipt of an appro-
priate automatic or manual activation command. Smoke
control systems shall activate individual components (such as
dampers and fans) in the sequence necessary to prevent physi-
cal damage to the fans, dampers, ducts and other equipment.
For purposes of smoke control, the fire-fighter's control panel
response time shall be the same for automatic or manual smoke
control action initiated from any other building control point.
The total response time, including that necessary for detection,
shutdown of operating equipment and smoke control system
startup, shall ^ow for full operational mode to be achieved
before the conditions in the space exceed the design smoke
condition. The system response time for each component and
their sequential relationships shall be detailed in the required
rational analysis and verification of their installed condition
reported in the required final report.

[F] 909.18 Acceptance testing. Devices, equipment, compo-
nents and sequences shall be individually tested. These tests, in
addition to those required by other provisions of this code, shall
consist of determination of function, sequence and, where
applicable, capacity of their installed condition.

[F] 909.18.1 Detection devices. Smoke or fire detectors
that are a part of a smoke control system shall be tested in
accordance with Chapter 9 in their installed condition.
When applicable, this testing shall include verification of
airflow in both minimum and maximum conditions.

[F] 909.18.2 Ducts. Ducts that are part of a smoke control
system shall be traversed using generally accepted practices
to determine actual air quantities.

[F] 909.18.3 Dampers. Dampers shall be tested for func-
tion in their installed condition.

[F] 909.18.4 Inlets and outlets. Inlets and outlets shall be
read using generally accepted practices to determine air
quantities.

[F] 909.18.5 Fans. Fans shall be examined for correct rota-
tion. Measurements of voltage, amperage, revolutions per
minute (rpm) and belt tension shall be made.

[F] 909.18.6 Smolce barriers. Measurements using
inclined manometers or other approved calibrated measur-
ing devices shall be made of the pressure differences across
smoke barriers. Such measurements shall be conducted for
each possible smoke control condition.

[F] 909.18.7 Controls. Each smoke zone, equipped with an
automatic-initiation device, shall be put into operation by
the actuation of one such device. Each additional device
within the zone shall be verified to cause the same sequence
without requiring the operation of fan motors in order to
prevent damage. Control sequences shall be verified
throughout the system, including verification of override
from the fire-fighter's control panel and simulation of
standby power conditions.

[F] 909.18.8 Special inspections for smoke control.

Smoke control systems shall be tested by a special inspector.

[F] 909.18.8.1 Scope of testing. Special inspections
shall be conducted in accordance with the following:

1 . During erection of ductwork and prior to conceal-
ment for the purposes of leakage testing and re-
cording of device location.

2. Prior to occupancy and after sufficient completion
for the purposes of pressure-difference testing,
flow measurements, and detection and control
verification.

[F] 909.18.8.2 Qualifications. Special inspection agen-
cies for smoke control shall have expertise in fire protec-
tion engineering, mechanical engineering and
certification as air balancers.

[F] 909.18.8.3 Reports. A complete report of testing
shall be prepared by the special inspector or special
inspection agency. The report shall include identification
of all devices by manufacturer, nameplate data, design
values, measured values and identification tag or mark.
The report shall be reviewed by the responsible regis-
tered design professional and, when satisfied that the
design intent has been achieved, the responsible regis-
tered design professional shall seal, sign and date the
report.

[F] 909.18.8.3.1 Report filing. A copy of the final
report shall be filed with the fire code official and an
identical copy shall be maintained in an approved
location at the building.

[F] 909.18.9 Identification and documentation. Charts,
drawings and other documents identifying and locating
each component of the smoke control system, and describ-
ing its proper function and maintenance requirements, shall
be maintained on file at the building as an attachment to the
report required by Section 909. 1 8.8.3. Devices shall have an
approved identifying tag or mark on them consistent with
the other required documentation and shall be dated indicat-
ing the last time they were successfully tested and by whom.

[F] 909.19 System acceptance. Buildings, or portions thereof,
required by this code to comply with this section shall not be
issued a certificate of occupancy until such time that the fire
code official determines that the provisions of this section have

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

been fully complied with and that the fire department has
received satisfactory instruction on the operation, both auto-
matic and manual, of the system.

Exception: In buildings of phased construction, a tempo-
rary certificate of occupancy, as approved by the fire code
official, shall be allowed provided that those portions of the
building to be occupied meet the requirements of this sec-
tion and that the remainder does not pose a significant haz-
ard to the safety of the proposed occupants or adjacent
buildings.

909.20 Smokeproof enclosures. Where required by Section
1020.1.7, a smokeproof enclosure shall be constructed in
accordance with this section. A smokeproof enclosure shall
consist of an enclosed interior exit stairway that conforms to
Section 1020. 1 and an open exterior balcony or ventilated ves-
tibule meeting the requirements of this section. Where access
to the roof is required by the California Fire Code, such access
shall be from the smokeproof enclosure where a smokeproof
enclosure is required.

909.20.1 Access. Access to the stair shall be by way of a ves-
tibule or an open exterior balcony. The minimum dimension
of the vestibule shall not be less than the required width of
the corridor leading to the vestibule but shall not have a
width of less than 44 inches (1118 mm) and shall not have a
length of less than 72 inches (1829 mm) in the direction of
egress travel.

909.20.2 Construction. The smokeproof enclosure shall be
separated from the remainder of the building by not less
than a 2-hour &e barrier without openings other than the
required means of egress doors. The vestibule shall be sepa-
rated from the stairway by not less than a 2-hour fire barrier.
The open exterior balcony shall be constructed in accor-
dance with the fire-resistance-rating requirements for floor
construction.

909.20.2.1 Vestibule doors. The door assembly from the
building into the vestibule shall be a 90-minute fire door
assembly complying with Section 715.4.4. The door
assembly from the vestibule to the stairway shall not have
less than a 20-minute fire protection rating and comply-
ing with the requirements for a smoke door assembly in
accordance with Section 715.4.3. The door shall be
installed in accordance with NFPA 105.

909.20.2.2 Door closers. Doors in a smokeproof enclo-
sure shall be self- or automatic closing by actuation of a
smoke detector in accordance with Section 715.4 and
shall be installed at the floor-side entrance to the
smokeproof enclosure. The actuation of the smoke
detector on any door shall activate the closing devices on
all doors in the smokeproof enclosure at all levels.
Smoke detectors shall be installed in accordance with
Section 907.10.

909.20.2.3 Standpipes. Fire department standpipe con-
nections and valves serving the floor shall be within the
vestibule and located in such a manner so as not to

obstruct egress where hose lines are connected and
charged.

909.20.2.4 Pressure differences. The minimum pressure
differences within the vestibule with the doors closed
shall be 0.05-inch water gage (12.44 Pa) positive pres-
sure relative to the fire floor and 0.05-inch water gage
(12.44 Pa) negative pressure relative to the exit enclo-
sure. No pressure difference is required relative to a
nonfire floor

909.20.3 Natural ventilation alternative. The provisions
of Sections 909.20.4.1 and 909.20.4.2 shall apply to ventila-
tion of smokeproof enclosures by natural means.

909.20.3.1 Balcony doors. Where access to the stairway
is by way of an open exterior balcony, the door assembly
into the enclosure shall be a fire door assembly in accor-
dance with Section 715.4.

909.20.3.2 Vestibule ventilation. Each vestibule shall
have a minimum net area of 16 square feet (1.5 m^) of
opening in a wall facing an outer court, yard or public
way that is at least 20 feet (6096 mm) in width.

909.20.4 Ventilating equipment. The activation of venti-
lating equipment required by Sections 909.20. 3 shall be by
smoke detectors installed at each floor level at an approved
location at the entrance to the smokeproof enclosure and
upon activation of the automatic controls required by Sec-
tion 909.12.3. When the closing device for the stair shaft
and vestibule doors is activated by smoke detection or
power failure, the mechanical equipment shall activate and
operate at the required performance levels. Smoke detectors
shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.10.

909.20.4.1 Ventilation systems. Smokeproof enclosure
ventilation systems shall be independent of other build-
ing ventilation systems. The equipment and ductwork
shall comply with one of the following:

1 . Equipment and ductwork shall be located exterior
to the building and directly connected to the
smokeproof enclosure or connected to the
smokeproof enclosure by ductwork enclosed by
2-hour fu:e barriers.

2. Equipment and ductwork shall be located within
the smokeproof enclosure with intake or exhaust
directly from and to the outside or through
ductwork enclosed by 2-hour fire barriers. ,

3. Equipment and ductwork shall be located within
the building if separated from the remainder of the
building, including other mechanical equipment,
by 2-hour fke barriers.

SECTION 910
SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS

[F] 910.1 General. Where required by this code or otherwise
mstalled, smoke and heat vents, or mechanical smoke exhaust

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

285

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systems, and draft curtains shall conform to the requirements
of this section.

Exceptions:

1. Frozen food warehouses used solely for storage of
Class I and 11 commodities where protected by an ap-
proved automatic sprinkler system.

2. Where areas of buildings are equipped with early sup-
pression fast-response (ESFR) sprinklers, automatic
smoke and heat vents shall not be required within
these areas.

[F] 910.2 Where required. Smoke and heat vents shall be
installed in the roofs of one-story buildings or portions thereof
occupied for the uses set forth in Sections 910.2.1 through
910.2.3.

[F] 910.2.1 Group F-1 or S-1. Buildings and portions
thereof used as a Group F-1 or S-1 occupancy having more
than 50,000 square feet (4645 m^) in undivided area.

Exception: Group S-1 aircraft repair hangars.

[F] 910.2.2 High-piled combustible storage. Buildings
and portions thereof containing high-piled combustible
stock or rack storage in any occupancy group in accordance
with Section 413 and the California Fire Code.

[F] 910.2.3 Exit access travel distance increase. Buildings
and portions thereof used as a Group F-1 or S-1 occupancy

where the maximum exit access travel distance is increased
in accordance with Section 1016.2.

[F] 910.3 Design and installation. The design and installation
of smoke and heat vents and draft curtains shall be as specified
in Sections 910.3.1 through 910.3.5.2 and Table 910.3.

[F] 910.3.1 Design. Smoke and heat vents shall be listed and
labeled to indicate compliance with UL 793.

[F] 910.3.2 Vent operation. Smoke and heat vents shall be
capable of being operated by approved automatic and man-
ual means. Automatic operation of smoke and heat vents
shall conform to the provisions of Sections 910.3.2.1
through 910.3.2.3.

[F] 910.3.2.1 Gravity-operated drop-out vents. Auto-
matic smoke and heat vents containing heat-sensitive
glazing designed to shrink and drop out of the vent open-
ing when exposed to fire shall fully open within 5 min-
utes after the vent cavity is exposed to a simulated fire,
represented by a time-temperature gradient that reaches
an air temperature of 500°F (260°C) within 5 minutes.

[F] 910.3.2.2 Sprinklered buildings. Where installed in
buildings provided with an approved automatic sprinkler
system, smoke and heat vents shall be designed to oper-
ate automatically.

[F] 910.3.2.3 Nonsprinklered buildings. Where
installed in buildings not provided with an approved

[F] TABLE 910.3

oSQUiREiniENTS FOR SRAFT CuHTAiNo mNu 3iviui\c mi^u ncHi VCNIS"

OCCUPANCY GROUP AND

COMMODITY

CLASSIFICATION

DESIGNATED

STORAGE HEIGHT

(feet)

MINIMUM DRAFT

CURTAIN DEPTH

(feet)

MAXIMUM AREA

FORMED BY DRAFT

CURTAINS

(square feet)

VENT-AREA-
TO-FLOOR-AREA
RATIO"

MAXIMUM

SPACING OF

VENT CENTERS

(feet)

MAXIMUM

DISTANCE TO

VENTS FROM

WALL OR DRAFT

CURTAINS"

(feet)

Group F-land S-1

—

0.2 X H''
but>4

50,000

1:100

120

High-piled Storage

(see Section 910.2.2)

I-IV

(Option 1)

<20

10,000

1:100

100

>20^40

8,000

1:75

100

High-piled Storage
(see Section 910.2.2)

i-rv

(Option 2)

<20

3,000

1:75

100

>20<40

3,000

1:50

100

High-piled Storage

(see Section 910.2.2)

High hazard

(Option 1)

<20

6,000

1:50

100

> 20 < 30

6,000

1:40

High-piled Storage

(see Section 910.2.2)

High hazard

(Option 2)

<20

4,000

1:50

100

> 20 < 30

2,000

1:30

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.

a. Requirements for rack storage heights in excess of those indicated shall be in accordance with Chapter 23 of the California Fire Code. For solid-piled storage
heights in excess of those indicated, an approved engineered design shall be used.

b. The distance specified is the maximum distance from any vent in a particular draft curtained area to walls or draft curtains which form the perimeter of the draft
curtained area.

c. Where draft curtains are not required, the vent-area-to-floor-area ratio shall be calculated based on a minimum draft curtain depth of 6 feet (Option 1).

d. "H" is the height of the vent, in feet, above the floor.

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automatic sprinkler system, smoke and heat vents shall
operate automatically by actuation of a heat-responsive
device rated at between 100°F (38°C) and 220°F
(104°C) above ambient.

Exception: Gravity-operated drop-out vents comply-
ing with Section 910.3.2.1

[F] 910.3.3 Vent dimensions. The effective venting area
shall not be less than 16 square feet (1.5 m^) with no dimen-
sion less than 4 feet (1219 mm), excluding ribs or gutters
having a total width not exceeding 6 inches (152 mm).

[F] 910.3.4 Vent locations. Smoke and heat vents shall be
located 20 feet (6096 mm) or more from adjacent lot lines
and fire walls and 10 feet (3048 mm) or more from fire bar-
rier walls. Vents shall be uniformly located within the roof
area above high-piled storage areas, with consideration
given to roof pitch, draft curtain location, sprinkler location
and structural members.

[F] 910.3.5 Draft curtains. Where required by Table 9 10.3,
draft curtains shall be provided in accordance with this sec-
tion.

Exception: Where areas of buildings are equipped with
ESFR sprinklers, draft curtains shall not be provided
within these areas. Draft curtains shall only be provided
at the separation between the ESFR spririklers and the
conventional sprinklers.

[F] 910.3.5.1 Construction. Draft curtains shall be con-
structed of sheet metal, lath and plaster, gypsum board or
other approved materials which provide equivalent per-
formance to resist the passage of smoke. Joints and con-
nections shall be smoke tight.

[F] 910.3.5.2 Location and depth. The location and
minimum depth of draft curtains shall be in accordance
with Table 910.3.

[F] 910.4 Mechanical smoke exhaust. Where approved by the
fire code official, engineered mechanical smoke exhaust shall
be an acceptable alternate to smoke and heat vents.

[F] 910.4.1 Location. Exhaust fans shall be uniformly
spaced within each draft-curtained area and the maximum
distance between fans shall not be greater than 100 feet (30
480 mm).

[F] 910.4.2 Size. Fans shall have a maximum individual
capacity of 30,000 cfm (14.2 mVs). The aggregate capacity
of smoke exhaust fans shall be determined by the equation:

C=Ax 300

(Equation 9-4)

where:

C = Capacity of mechanical ventilation required, in cu-
bic feet per minute (mVs).

A = Area ofroofvents provided in square feet (m^) in ac-
cordance with Table 910.3.

[F] 910.4.3 Operation. Mechanical smoke exhaust fans
shall be automatically activated by the automatic sprinkler
system or by heat detectors having operating characteristics
equivalent to those described in Section 910.3.2. Individual
manual controls of each fan unit shall also be provided.

[F] 910.4.4 Wiring and control. Wiring for operation and
conttol of smoke exhaust fans shall be connected ahead of
the main disconnect and protected against exposure to tem-
peratures in excess of 1,000°F (538°C) for a period of not
less than 15 minutes. Contiols shall be located so as to be
immediately accessible to the fire service from the exterior
of the building and protected against interior fire exposure
by fire barriers having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1
hour.

[F] 910.4.5 Supply air. Supply air for exhaust fans shall be
provided at or near the floor level and shall be sized to pro-
vide a minimum of 50 percent of required exhaust. Open-
ings for supply air shall be uniformly distributed around the
periphery of the area served.

[F] 910.4.6 Interlocks. In combination comfort air-han-
dhng/smoke removal systems or independent comfort
air-handhng systems, fans shall be controlled to shut down
in accordance with the approved smoke control sequence.

SECTION 911
FIRE COMMAND CENTER

911.1 Features. Where required by other sections of this code
and in all buildings classified as high-rise buildings by the Cali-
fornia Building Code, a fire conamand center for fire depart-
ment operations shall be provided. The location and
accessibility of the fire command center shall be approved by
the fire department. The fire command center shall be sepa-
rated from the remainder of the building by not less than a
1-hour fire barrier constructed in accordance with Section 706
of the California Building Code or horizontal assembly con-
structed in accordance with Section 711 of the California
Building Code, or both. The room shall be a minimum of 96
square feet (9 m^) with a minimum dimension of 8 feet (2438
nrni). A layout of the fire conamand center and all features
required by this section to be contained therein shall be submit-
ted for approval prior to installation. The fire command center
shall comply with NFPA 72 and shall contain the following fea-
tures:

1. The emergency voice/alarm communication system
unit.

2. The fire department communications unit.

3. Fire detection and alarm system annunciator unit.

4. Annunciator unit visually indicating the location of the
elevators and whether they are operational.

5. Status indicators and controls for air-handling systems.

6. The fire-fighter's conttol panel required by Section
909. 16 for smoke conttol systems installed in the build-
ing.

7 . Conttols for unlocking stairway doors simultaneously.

8. Sprinkler valve and water-flow detector display panels.

9. Emergency and standby power status indicators.

10. A telephone for fire department use with conttolled ac-
cess to the pubhc telephone system.

11. Fire pump status indicators.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

287

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

12. Schematic building plans indicating the typical floor
plan and detailing the building core, means of egress,
fire protection systems, fire-fighting equipment and
fire department access.

Worktable.

13.
14.

15.

16.

Generator supervision devices, manual start and trans-
fer features.

Public address system, where specifically required by
other sections of this code.

Fire command centers shall not be used for the housing
of any boiler, heating unit, generator, combustible stor-
age or similar hazardous equipment or storage.

connections. Such signs shall read: AUTOMATIC
SPRINKLERS, STANDPIPES or TEST CONNECTION, or a
combination thereof as applicable.

912.5 Backflow protection. The potable water supply to auto-
matic sprinkler and standpipe systems shall be protected
against backflow as required by Health and Safety Code Sec-
tion 13114.7.

SECTION 912
FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS

[F] 912.1 Installation. Fire department connections shall be
installed in accordance with the NFPA standard appUcable to
the system design and shall comply with Sections 912.2
through 912.5.

[F] 912.2 Location. With respect to hydrants, driveways,
buildings and landscaping, fire department connections shall
be so located that fire apparatus and hose connected to supply
the system will not obstruct access to the buildings for other fire
apparatus. The location of fire department connections shall be
approved.

[F] 912.2.1 Visible location. Fire department connections
shaU be located on iiie sireet side of buildings, fully visible
and recognizable from the street or nearest point of fire
department vehicle access or as otherwise approved by the
fire code official.

[F] 912.2,2 Existing buildings. On existing buildings,
wherever the fire department connection is not visible to
approaching fire apparatus, the fire department connection
shall be indicated by an approved sign mounted on the street
front or on the side of the building. Such sign shall have the
letters "FDC" at least 6 inches (152 mm) high and words m
letters at least 2 inches (51 mm) high or an arrow to indicate
the location. All such signs shall be subject to the approval
of the fire code official.

[F] 912.3 Access. Immediate access to fire department connec-
tions shall be maintained at all times and without obstraction
by fences, bushes, trees, walls or any other object for a mini-
mum of 3 feet (914 mm).

Exception: When acceptable to the fire authority having
jurisdiction, fire department connections for Group 1-3
detention facilities may be located inside all security walls
or fences on the property.

[F] 912.3.1 Locldng fire department connection caps.

The fire code official is authorized to require locking caps
on fire department connections for water-based fire protec-
tion systems where the responding fire department carries
appropriate key wrenches for removal.

[F] 912.4 Signs. A metal sign with raised letters at least 1 inch
(25 mm) in size shall be mounted on all fire department con-
nections serving automatic sprinklers, standpipes or fire pump

288

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 10 - MEANS OF EGRESS

Adopting Agency

BSD

SFM

HOD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Cliapter

♦

Adopt Entire Ctiapter as
amended (amended sections
iisted beiow)

♦

Adopt oniy ttiose sections
tiiat are iisted beiow

Chapter /Section

Codes

1002

Accessible iVleans
of Egress

IBC

Area of Refuge

IBC

Exit

IBC

Guard (or
Guardrail)

fHandraii

IBC

Photo
Luminescent

Self-Luminous

Public Way

IBC

Stair

IBC

Stainway

IBC

1003.1

1003.1.1

1003.1.1.1

1003.1.1.2

1003.2

1003.3 Exc.

1003.3.3.1

1003.5

Table 1005.1

1006.1

1007.1

1007.2

1007.3

1007.4

IBC

1007.5

1007.5.1

IBC

1007.6

1007.6.1

1007.6.2

IBC

1007.6.3.1

1007.6.4

1007.6.5

1007.7

1007.8

1 1

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

289

CHAPTER 10 - MEANS OF EGRESS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DBA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ciiapter

♦

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed beiow)

♦

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

1007.9

1008

1008.1.1

1008.1.1.1 Exc.

1008.1.2

1008.1.3.4

1008.1.4

IBC

1008.1.6

IBC

1008.1.7

IBC

1008,1.8.6

1008.1.8.6 Item
5.1 only

1008.1.9

1009

1009.1

1009.3

IBC

1009.4

1009.10

1009.10 only

1010

1010.6.5

1010.9

1011.1

1011.3

1011.6

1011.7

1012 only

1012.7

1013.1

IBC

1013.2

IBC

1013.3

290

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 10 - MEANS OF EGRESS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

♦

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

♦

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

1014.2

1014.2.2

1014.2.2.1

1014.4 (last
paragraph only)

1014.4.1 Exc.

1015.1

1015.5

IBC

1015.7

Table 1016.1

Table 1017.1

1017.2

1017.4

1017.4.1

1017.5

Table 1019.2

1020.1 Item 6

1020.1.6.1

1020.1.6.2

1020.1.7

1020.1.7.1

1020.1.7.2

1021.2

1022.5

1023.2

1024.6

1025.1

1025.2

1025.3

1025.3.1

1025.6.1

1025.6.4

1025.9.1 Item 6

1025.10 Exc.

1026.4

II 1

The ♦ designation indicates ttiat the Office of the State Fire Marshal's adoption of this chapter or
individual sections is applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 or DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

291

292 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 10

MEANS OF EGRESS

SECTION 1001
ADMINISTRATION

1001.1 General. Buildings or portions thereof shall be pro-
vided with a means of egress system as required by this chapter.
The provisions of this chapter shall control the design, con-
struction and arrangement of means of egress components
required to provide an approved means of egress from struc-
tures and portions thereof.

1001.2 Minimum requirements. It shall be unlawful to alter a
building or structure in a manner that will reduce the number of
exits or the capacity of the means of egress to less than required
by this code.

[F] 1001.3 Maintenance. Means of egress shall be maintained
in accordance with the California Fire Code.

SECTION 1002
DEFINITIONS

1002.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for
the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. A continuous and
unobstructed way of egress travel from any accessible point in
a building or facility to a public way.

AISLE. An exit access component that defines and provides a
path of egress travel.

AISLE ACCESSWAY. That portion of an exit access that
leads to an aisle.

ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. A device that has a
series of steps between 50 and 70 degrees (0.87 and 1.22 rad)
from horizontal, usually attached to a center support rail in an
alternating manner so that the user does not have both feet on
the same level at the same time.

AREA OF REFUGE. An area where persons unable to use
stairways can remain temporarily to await instructions or assis-
tance during emergency evacuation.

BLEACHERS. Tiered seating faciUties.

COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. That portion of
exit access which the occupants are required to traverse before
two separate and distinct paths of egress travel to two exits are
available. Paths that merge are common paths of travel. Com-
mon paths of egress travel shall be included within the permit-
ted travel distance.

CORRIDOR. An enclosed exit access component that defines
and provides a path of egress travel to an exit.

DOOR, BALANCED. A door equipped with double-pivoted
hardware so designed as to cause a semicounterbalanced swing
action when opening.

EGRESS COURT. A court or yard which provides access to a
public way for one or more exits.

EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING. An

operable window, door or other similar device that provides for
a means of escape and access for rescue in the event of an emer-
gency.

EXIT. That portion of a means of egress system which is sepa-
rated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by
fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives as
required to provide a protected path of egress travel between
the exit access and the exit discharge. Exits include exterior exit
doors at ground level, exit enclosures, exit passageways, exte-
rior exit stairs, exterior exit ramps and horizontal exits.

EXIT, HORIZONTAL. A path of egress travel from one
building to an area in another building on approximately the
same level, or a path of egress travel through or around a wall or
partition to an area on approximately the same level in the same
building, which affords safety from fire and smoke from the
area of incidence and areas conununicating therewith.

EXIT ACCESS. That portion of a means of egress system that
leads from any occupied portion of a building or structure to an
exit.

EXIT DISCHARGE. That portion of a means of egress sys-
tem between the termination of an exit and a public way.

EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF. The horizontal plane
located at the point at which an exit terminates and an exit dis-
charge begins.

EXIT ENCLOSURE. An exit component that is separated
from other interior spaces of a building or structure by
fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives, and
provides for a protected path of egress travel in a vertical or hor-
izontal direction to the exit discharge or the public way.

EXIT PASSAGEWAY. An exit component that is separated
from all other interior spaces of a building or structure by
fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives, and
provides for a protected path of egress travel in a horizontal
direction to the exit discharge or the public way.

FIRE EXIT HARDWARE. Panic hardware that is Usted for
use on fire door assemblies.

FLOOR AREA, GROSS. The floor area within the inside per-
imeter of the exterior walls of the building under consideration,
exclusive of vent shafts and courts, without deduction for corri-
dors, stairways, closets, the thickness of interior walls, col-
umns or other features. The floor area of a building, or portion
thereof, not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be
the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or
floor above. The gross floor area shall not include shafts with
no openings or interior courts.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

293

MEANS OF EGRESS

FLOOR AREA, NET. The actual occupied area not including
unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways, toilet
rooms, mechanical rooms and closets.

FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. Tiered seating
faciUties having an overall shape and size that are capable of
being reduced for purposes of moving or storing.

GRANDSTAND. Tiered seating facilities.

GUARD [DSA-AC & HCD 1] or GUARDRAIL. A building
component or a system of building components located at or
near the open sides of elevated walking surfaces that minimizes
the possibility of a fall from the walking surface to a lower
level.

HANDRAIL. A horizontal or sloping rail intended for grasp-
ing by the hand for guidance or support.

MEANS OF EGRESS. A continuous and unobstructed path
of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any occupied por-
tion of a building or structure to a public way. A means of
egress consists of three separate and distinct parts: the exit
access, the exit and the exit discharge.

MERCHANDISE PAD. A merchandise pad is an area for dis-
play of merchandise surrounded by aisles, permanent fixtures
or walls. Merchandise pads contain elements such as nonfixed
and moveable fixtures, cases, racks, counters and partitions as
indicated in Section 105.2, Appendix Chapter 1, from which
customers browse or shop.

NOSING. The leading edge of treads of stairs and of landings
at the top of stairway flights.

OCCUPANT LOAD. The number of persons for which the
means of egress of a building or portion thereof is designed.

PANIC HARDWARE. A door-latching assembly incorporat-
ing a device that releases the latch upon the application of a
force in the direction of egress travel.

PHOTOLVMINESCENT. [SFM] The property of emitting
light as the result of absorption of visible light, which continues
for a length of time after excitation.

PUBLIC WAY. A street, alley or other parcel of land open to
the outside air leading to a street, that has been deeded, dedi-
cated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for
public use and which has a clear width and height of not less
than 10 feet (3048 mm).

RAMP. A walking surface that has a running slope steeper than
one unit vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope).

SCISSOR STAIR. Two interlocking stairways providing two
separate paths of egress located within one stairwell enclosure.

SELF-LUMINOUS [SFM] means powered continuously by a
self-contained power source other than a battery or batteries,
such as radioactive tritium gas. A self-luminous sign is inde-
pendent of external power supplies or other energy for its oper-
ation.

SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING. Seating
served by means of egress that is not subject to smoke accumu-
lation within or under a structure.

STAIR. A change in elevation, consisting of one or more ris-
ers.

STAIRWAY. One or more flights of stairs, either exterior or
interior, with the necessary landings and platforms connecting
them, to form a continuous and uninterrupted passage from one
level to another.

STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR. A stairway that is open on at least
one side, except for required structural columns, beams, hand-
rails and guards. The adjoining open areas shall be either yards,
courts or public ways. The other sides of the exterior stairway
need not be open.

STAIRWAY, INTERIOR. A stairway not meeting the defini-
tion of an exterior stairway.

STAIRWAY, SPIRAL. A stairway having a closed circular
form in its plan view with uniform section-shaped treads
attached to and radiating from a minimum-diameter supporting
column.

WINDER. A tread with nonparallel edges.

SECTION 1003
GENERAL MEANS OF EGRESS

1003.1 Applicability. The general requirements specified in
Sections 1003 through 1013 shall apply to all three elements of
the means of egress system, in addition to those specific
requirements for the exit access, the exit and the exit discharge
detailed elsewhere in this chapter.

Exception: Exiting requirements for fixed guideway transit

• C^,.*;«— y133 3 -^*I.-. Z-'^liJ! -•_ n-..'7J

ing Code.

[HCD & DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this
chapter, means of egress, which provide access to, or egress
from, buildings or facilities where accessibility is required
for applications listed in Section 108.2.1.2 regulated by the
Department of Housing and Community Development, or
Section 109.1 regulated by the Division of the State Archi-
tect—Access Compliance, shall also comply with Chapter
llA or Chapter IIB, as applicable.

1003.1.1 Means of egress for hospitals, skilled nursing
facilities and intermediate care facilities. [OSHPD 1&2]

In addition to meeting the requirements of this chapter,
means of egress for acute care hospitals, skilled nursing
facilities and intermediate care facilities shall comply with
the requirements of Sections 1003.1.1.1 and 1003.1.1.2.

Exception: The authority having jurisdiction may
exempt minor additions, minor alterations and minor
remodel projects from these requirements.

1003.1.1.1 Means of egress for hospital buildings.

[OSHPD 1] Means of egress for hospital buildings shall
comply with the requirements of Sections 1003.1.1.1.1
through 1003.1.1.1.6.

1003.1.1.1.1 New and existing conforming hospital
buildings. Means of egress for new hospital buildings
and additions to existing conforming hospital build-
ings shall only pass through buildings that comply
with the requirements ofSPC-3 or higher and NPC-4
or higher.

294

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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1003.1.1.1.2 Existing SPC-2 hospital buildings.

Means of egress for additions to existing SPC-2 hos-
pital buildings shall only pass through hospital build-
ings that have OSHPD-approved performance
categories of SPC-2 or higher and NPC-4 or higher.

Exception: The means of egress may pass through
hospital buildings that have OSHPD-approved
performance categories of SPC-2 or higher and
NPC-2 or higher, provided the nonstructural com-
ponents in the path of egress are braced in accor-
dance with the requirements ofASCE 7, Chapter
13 as modified by Section I614A.

1003.1.1.1.3 Existing SPC-3 or higher hospital
buildings. Means of egress for remodels of existing
SPC-3 or higher hospital buildings shall only pass
through hospital buildings that have OSHPD-
approved performance categories of SPC-2 or higher
and NPC-4 or higher.

Exception: The means of egress may pass through
hospital buildings that have OSPHD-approved
performance categories of SPC-2 or higher and
NPC-2 or higher, provided the nonstructural com-
ponents in the path of egress are braced in accor-
dance with the requirements ofASCE 7, Chapter
13 as modified by Section 1614A.

1003.1.1.1.4 Existing SPC-1 and SPC-2 hospital
buildings. Means of egress for remodels of existing
SPC-1 and SPC-2 hospital buildings shall only pass
through hospital buildings that have
OSHPD-approved performance categories of SPC-1
or higher and NPC-2 or higher.

1003.1.1.1.5 Other hospital buildings. Hospital
buildings that would not otherwise require evaluation
for an SPC rating, which are used as a part of the
means of egress for acute care hospitals, shall be eval-
uated in accordance with the requirements of Section
1.3, Chapter 6, Part 1, CCR to determine the appro-
priate rating, or shall meet the structural require-
ments of these regulations for new hospital buildings.
The means of egress serving the new building addi-
tion, alteration or remodel shall conform to the
requirements of Section 1632A and shall be deemed
by OSHPD to be free of adverse seismic interactions
caused by potential failure of overhead or adjacent
components.

1003.1.1.1.6 Buildings removed from hospital ser-
vice. The means of egress for acute care hospitals may
pass through buildings that are removed from hospi-
tal service only if the buildings remain under the juris-
diction of OSHPD, and only until January 1, 2030,
subject to the following:

1. Egress for conforming hospital buildings may
pass through buildings that have been removed
from acute care hospital service that comply
with the requirements of Section 1003.1.1.1.1
or 1003.1. 1.1.3.

2. Egress for nonconforming hospital buildings
may pass through buildings that have been re-
moved from acute care hospital service that
comply with the requirements of Section
1003.1.1.1.2 or 1003.1.1.1.4.

After January 1, 2030, the means of egress for acute
care hospital buildings shall only pass through hospi-
tal buildings that have OSHPD-approved perfor-
mance categories of SPC-3 or higher and NPC-4 or
higher.

1003.1.1.2 Means of egress for skilled nursing facilities
and intermediate care facilities. [OSHPD 2] Means of
egress for skilled nursing facilities and intermediate care
facilities shall comply with the requirements of Sections
1003.1.1.2.1 and 1003.1.1.2.2.

1003.1.1.2.1 New facilities or additions to existing
facilities. Means of egress for new skilled nursing
facilities or intermediate care facilities or additions
to existing skilled nursing facilities or intermediate
care facilities shall only pass through buildings that
meet the structural requirements of the 1973 or later
edition of the California Building Standards Code.

Exception: As an alternate to the section, skilled
nursing facilities and intermediate care facilities
may meet the egress requirements in Sections
1003.1.1.1.1 through 1003.1.1.1.5 for hospital
buildings.

1003.1.1.2.2 Jurisdiction. Means of egress for skilled
nursing facilities and intermediate care facilities
shall only pass through buildings that are under the
jurisdiction of the Office of Statewide Health Plan-
ning and Development (OSHPD).

1003.2 Ceiling height. The means of egress shall have a ceiling
height of not less than 7 feet 6 inches (2286 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Sloped ceilings in accordance with Section 1208.2.

2. Ceilings of dwelling units and sleeping units within
residential occupancies in accordance with Section
1208.2 of the California Building Code.

.^ 3. Allowable projections in accordance with Section
1003.3.

4. Stair headroom in accordance with Section 1009.2.

5. Door height in accordance with Section 1 008 . 1 . 1 .

6. In Group 1-2, 1-2.1 and 1-3 occupancies, corridors
and exit passageways shall have a ceiling height of
not less than 8 feet (2439 mm).

1003.3 Protruding objects. Protruding objects shall comply
with the requirements of Sections 1003.3.1 through 1003.3.4.

Exception: In Group 1-2 and Group 1-2.1 occupancies, pro-
truding objects shall not extend more than 12 inches (305
mm) below the minimum ceiling height required by Section
1003.2.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

295

MEANS OF EGRESS

1003.3.1 Headroom. Protruding objects are permitted to
extend below the minimum ceiling height required by Sec-
tion 1003.2 provided a minimum headroom of 80 inches
(2032 mm) shall be provided for any walking surface,
including walks, corridors, aisles and passageways. Not
more than 50 percent of the ceiling area of a means of egress
shall be reduced in height by protruding objects.

Exception: Door blosers and stops shall not reduce
headroom to less than 78 inches (1981 mm).

A barrier shall be provided where the vertical clearance is
less than 80 inches (2032 mm) high. The leading edge of
such a barrier shall be located 27 inches (686 mm) maxi-
mum above the floor.

1003.3.2 Free-standing objects. A free-standing object
mounted on a post or pylon shall not overhang that post or
pylon more than 4 inches (102 mm) where the lowest point
of the leading edge is more than 27 inches (686 mm) and
less than 80 inches (2032 ,mm) above the walking surface.
Where a sign or other obstruction is mounted.between posts
or pylons and the clear distance between the posts or pylons
is greater than 12 inches (305 mm), the lowest edge of such
sign or obstruction shall be 27 inches (685 mm) maximum
or 80 inches (2030 mm) minimum above the finished floor
or ground.

Exception: This requirement shall not apply to sloping
portions of handrails serving stairs and ramps.

1003.3.3 Horizontal projections. Structural elements, fix-
tures or furnishings shall not project horizontally from
either side more than 4 inches (102 mm) over any walking
surface between the heights of 27 inches (686 mm) and 80
inches (2032 mm) above the walking surface.

Exception: Handrails serving stairs and ramps are per-
mitted to protrude 4.5 inches (114 mm) from the wall.

1003.3.3,1 Horizontal projections for Group 1-2 occu-
pancies. Structural elements, fixtures or fiimishings
shall not project horizontally from either side more than
V/2 inches (38 mm) into the required width of an exit
access corridor serving any area caring for one or more
nonambulatory or bedridden persons.

Exceptions:

1. Handrails are permitted to protrude 5% inches
(89 mm) from the wall.

2. Alcohol-based hand-rub dispensers are permit-
ted to protrude 4 inches (102 mm).

1003.3.4 Clear width. Protruding objects shall not reduce
the minimum clear width of accessible routes as required in
Chapter llA or Chapter IIB, Section 1133B.8.6.

1003.4 Floor surface. Walking surfaces of the means of egress
shall have a slip-resistant surface and be securely attached.

1003.5 Elevation change. Where changes in elevation of less
than 12 inches (305 mm) exist in the means of egress, sloped
surfaces shall be used. Where the slope is greater than one unit

vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope), ramps comply-
ing with Section 1010 shall be used. Where the difference in
elevation is 6 inches (152 mm) or less, the ramp shall be
equipped with either handrails or floor finish materials that
contrast with adjacent floor finish materials.

Exceptions:

1 . A single step with a maximum riser height of 7 inches
(178 mm) is permitted for buildings with occupancies
in Groups F, H, R-2, R-3, S and U at exterior doors not
required to be accessible by Chapter llA or IIB.

2. A stair with a single riser or with two risers and a tread
is permitted at locations not required to be accessible
by Chapter llA or IIB, provided that the risers and
treads comply with Section 1009.3, the minimum
depth of the tread is 13 inches (330 mm) and at least
one handrail complying with Section 1012 is pro-
vided within 30 inches (762 mm) of the centerline of
the normal path of egress travel on the stair.

3. A step is permitted in aisles serving seating that has a
difference in elevation less than 12 inches (305 mm)
at locations not required to be accessible by Chapter
llA or IIB, provided that the risers and treads com-
ply with Section 1025.11 and the aisle is provided
with a handrail complying with Section 1025.13.

Any change in elevation in a corridor or exit pasageway
serving nonambulatory persons in a Group 1-2 and Group 1-2. 1
occupancies shall be by means of a ramp or sloped walkway.

1003.6 Means of egress continuity. The path of egress travel
along a means of egress shall not be interrupted by any building
element other than a means of egress component as specified in
this chapter. Obstructions shall not be placed in the required
width of a means of egress except projections permitted by this
chapter. The requked capacity of a means of egress system
shall not be diminished along the path of egress travel.

1003.7 Elevators, escalators and moving walks. Elevators,
escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a component
of a requured means of egress from any other part of the build-
ing.

Exception: Elevators used as an accessible means of egress
in accordance with Section 1007.4.

SECTION 1004
OCCUPANT LOAD

1004.1 Design occupant load. In determining means of egress
requirements, the number of occupants for whom means of
egress facilities shaU be provided shall be determined in accor-
dance with this section. Where occupants from accessory areas
egress through a primary space, the calculated occupant load
for the primary space shall include the total occupant load of
the primary space plus the number of occupants egressing
through it from the accessory area.

1004.1.1 Areas without fixed seating. The number of
occupants shall be computed at the rate of one occupant per

296

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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unit of area as prescribed in Table 1004. 1.1. For areas with-
out fixed seating, the occupant load shall not be less than
that number determined by dividing the floor area under
consideration by the occupant per unit of area factor
assigned to the occupancy as set forth in Table 1004.1.1.
Where an intended use is not listed in Table 1004.1.1, the
building official shall establish a use based on a listed use
that most nearly resembles the intended use.

Exception: Where approved by the building official, the
actual number of occupants for whom each occupied
space, floor or building is designed, although less than
those determined by calculation, shall be permitted to be
used in the deteraiination of the design occupant load.

1004.2 Increased occupant load. The occupant load permit-
ted in any building, or portion thereof, is permitted to. be
increased from that number established for the occupancies in
Table 1004.1.1, provided that all other requirements of the
code are also met based on such modified number and the occu-
pant load does not exceed one occupant per 7 square feet (0.65
m^) of occupiable floor space. Where required by the building
official, an approved aisle, seating or fixed equipment diagram
substantiating any increase in occupant load shall be submit-
ted. Where required by the building official, such diagram shall
be posted.

1004.3 Posting of occupant load. Every room or space that is
an assembly occupancy shall have the occupant load of the
room or space posted in a conspicuous place, near the main exit
or exit access doorway from the room or space. Posted signs
shall be of an approved legible permanent design and shall be
maintained by the owner or authorized agent.

1004.4 Exiting from multiple levels. Where exits serve more
than one floor, only the occupant load of each floor considered
individually shall be used in computing the required capacity
of the exits at that floor, provided that the exit capacity shall not
decrease in the direction of egress travel.

1004.5 Egress convergence. Where means of egress from
floors above and below converge at an intermediate level, the
capacity of the means of egress from the point of convergence
shall not be less than the sum of the two floors.

1004.6 Mezzanine levels. The occupant load of a mezzanine
level with egress onto a room or area below shall be added to
that room or area's occupant load, and the capacity of the exits
shall be designed for the total occupant load thus established.

1004.7 Fixed seating. For areas having fixed seats and aisles,
the occupant load shall be determined by the number of fixed
seats installed therein. The occupant load for areas in which
fixed seating is not installed, such as waiting spaces and wheel-
chair spaces, shall be determined in accordance with Section
1004.1.1 and added to the number of fixed seats.

For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms, the
occupant load shall not be less than the number of seats based
on one person for each 1 8 inches (457 mm) of seating length.

The occupant load of seating booths shall be based on one
person for each 24 inches (610 mm) of booth seat length mea-
sured at the backrest of the seating booth.

TABLE 1004.1.1
MAXIMUM FLOOR AREA ALLOWANCES PER OCCUPANT

FUNCTION OF SPACE

FLOOR AREA IN SO. FT.
PER OCCUPANT

Accessory storage areas, mechanical
equipment room

300 gross

Agricultural building

300 gross

Aircraft hangars

500 gross

Airport terminal
Baggage claim
Baggage handling
Concourse
Waiting areas

20 gross
300 gross
100 gross
15 gross

Assembly
Gaming floors (keno, slots, etc.)

11 gross

Assembly with fixed seats

See Section 1004.7

Assembly without fixed seats
Concentrated (chairs only-not fixed)
Standing space
Unconcentrated (tables and chairs)

7 net
5 net
15 net

Bowling centers, allow 5 persons for each
lane including 15 feet of runway, and for
additional areas

7 net

Business areas

100 gross

Courtrooms-other than fixed seating areas

40 net

Day care

35 net

Dormitories

50 gross

Educational
Classroom area
Shops and other vocational room areas

20 net
50 net

Exercise rooms

50 gross

H-5 Fabrication and manufacturing areas

200 gross

Industrial areas

100 gross

Institutional areas
Inpatient treatment areas
Outpatient areas
Sleeping areas

240 gross
100 gross
120 gross

Kitchens, commercial

200 gross

Library
Reading rooms
Stack area

50 net
100 gross

Locker rooms

50 gross

Mercantile
Areas on other floors
Basement and grade floor areas
Storage, stock, shipping areas

60 gross
30 gross
300 gross

Parking garages

200 gross

Residential

200 gross

Skating rinks, swimming pools
Rink and pool
Decks

50 gross
15 gross

Stages and platforms

15 net

Warehouses

500 gross

For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.

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297

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1004.8 Outdoor areas. Yards, patios, courts and similar out-
door areas accessible to and usable by the building occupants
shall be provided with means of egress as required by this chap-
ter. The occupant load of such outdoor areas shall be assigned
by the building official in accordance with the anticipated use.
Where outdoor areas are to be used by persons in addition to the
occupants of the building, and the path of egress travel from the
outdoor areas passes through the building, means of egress
requirements for the building shall be based on the sum of the
occupant loads of the building plus the outdoor areas.

Exceptions:

1. Outdoor areas used exclusively for service of the
building need only have one means of egress.

2. Both outdoor areas associated with Group R-3 and in-
dividual dwelling units of Group R-2.

1004.9 Multiple occupancies. Where a building contains two
or more occupancies, the means of egress requirements shall
apply to each portion of the building based on the occupancy of
that space. Where two or more occupancies utilize portions of
the same means of egress system, those egress components
shall meet the more stringent requirements of all occupancies
that are served.

SECTION 1005
EGRESS WIDTH

1005.1 Minimum required egress widtli. The means of
egress width shall not be less than required by this section. The
total width of means of egress in inches (mm) shall not be less
than the total occupant load served by the means of egress mul-
tiplied by the factors in Table 1 005 . 1 and not less than specified
elsewhere in this code. Multiple means of egress shall be sized
such that the loss of any one means of egress shall not reduce
the available capacity to less than 50 percent of the required
capacity. The maximum capacity required from any story of a
building shall be maintained to the termination of the means of
egress.

Exception: Means of egress complying with Section 1025.

TABLE 1005.1
EGRESS WIDTH PER OCCUPANT SERVED

OCCUPANCY

WITHOUT
SPRINKLER SYSTEM

WITH
SPRINKLER SYSTEM*

Stairways
(inches per
occupant)

Other egress

components

(Inches per

occupant)

Stairways
(inches per
occupant)

Other egress

components

(Inches per

occupant)

Occupancies
other than those
listed below*

0.3

0.2

0.15

Hazardous: H-1,
H-2,H-3andH-4

0.7

Q.4

Institutional: 1-2

0.3

0.2

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 nun. NA = Not applicable.

a. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

b. See Section 1025.

1005.2 Door encroacliment. Doors opening into the path of
egress travel shall not reduce the required width to less than
one^half during the course of the swing. When fully open, the
door shall not project more than 7 inches (178 mm) into the
required width.

Exception: The restrictions on a door swing shall not apply
to doors within individual dwelling units and sleeping units
of Group R-2 and dwelling units of Group R-3.

SECTION 1006
MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION

1006.1 Illumination required. The means of egress, including
the exit discharge, shall be illuminated at all times the building
space served by the means of egress is occupied.

Exceptions:

1. Occupancies in Group U.

2. Aisle access ways in Group A.

3. Dwelling units and sleeping units in Groups R- 1 , R-2
and R-3.

4. Sleeping units of Group I occupancies and Group
R-4.

1006.2 Illumination level. The means of egress illumination
level shall not be less than 1 foot-candle (1 1 lux) at the walking
surface level.

Exception: For auditoriums, theaters, concert or operahalls
and similar assembly occupancies, the illumination at the
walking surface is permitted to be reduced during perfor-
mances to not less than 0.2 foot-candle (2.15 lux), provided
that the required illumination is automatically restored upon
activation of a premises' fu:e alarm system where such sys-
tem is provided.

1006.3 Illumination emergency power. The power supply for
means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the
premises' electrical supply.

In the event of power supply failure, an emergency electrical
system shall automatically illuminate the following areas:

1. Aisles and unenclosed egress stairways in rooms and
spaces that require two or more means of egress.

2. Corridors, exit enclosures and exit passageways in build-
ings required to have two or more exits.

3. Exterior egress components at other than the level of exit
discharge until exit discharge is accompHshed for build-
ings required to have two or more exits.

4. Interior exit discharge elements, as permitted in Section
1024. 1 , in buildings required to have two or more exits.

5. Exterior landings, as required by Section 1008.1.5, for
exit discharge doorways in buildings required to have
two or more exits.

The emergency power system shall provide power for a
duration of not less than 90 minutes and shall consist of storage
batteries, unit equipnient or an on-site generator. The installa-
tion of the emergency power system shall be in accordance
with Section 2702.

298

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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1006.4 Performance of system. Emergency lighting facilities
shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is at least
an average of 1 foot-candle (11 lux) and a minimum at any
point of 0.1 foot-candle (1 lux) measured along the path of
egress at floor level. Illumination levels shall be permitted to
decUne to 0.6 foot-candle (6 lux) average and a minimum at
any point of 0.06 foot-candle (0.6 lux) at the end of the emer-
gency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum illu-
mination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded.

SECTION 1007
ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS

1007.1 Accessible means of egress required. Accessible
means of egress shall comply with this section. Accessible
spaces shall be provided with not less than one accessible
means of egress. Where more than one means of egress is
required by Sections 1015.1 or 1019.1 from any accessible
space, each accessible portion of the space shall be served by
accessible means of egress in at least the same number as
required by Section 1015.1 or 1019.1. In addition to the
requirements of this chapter, means of egress, which provide
access to, or egress from, buildings for persons with disabili-
ties, shall also comply with the requirements of Chapter 11 A or
IIB, as applicable.

Exceptions:

1. Accessible means of egress are not required in alter-
ations to existing buildings.

2. One accessible means of egress is required from an
accessible mezzanine level in accordance with Sec-
tion 1007.3, 1007.4 or 1007.5 and Chapter llA or
IIB, as applicable.

3. In assembly spaces with sloped floors, one accessible
means of egress is required from a space where the
common path of travel of the accessible route for ac-
cess to the wheelchair spaces meets the requirements
in Section 1025.8 and Chapter llA or IIB, as appli-
cable.

1007.2 Continuity and components. Each required accessi-
ble means of egress shall be continuous to a public way and
shall consist of one or more of the following components:

1. Accessible routes complying with Chapter UA, Sec-
tions lllOA.l and 1120A, or Chapter IIB, Section
1114B.1. 2, as applicable.

2. Stairways within vertical exit enclosures complying with
Sections 1007.3, 1020 and Chapter 11 A, Section 1123A,
or Chapter IIB, Section 1133B.4, as applicable.

3. Exterior exit stairways complying with Sections 1007.3,
1023 and Chapter UA, Section 1115A, or Chapter IIB,
Section 1133B.4, as applicable.

4. Elevators complying with Section 1007.4 and Chapter
UA, Section 1124A, or Chapter UB, Section 1116B.1,
as applicable.

5. Platform lifts complying with Section 1007.5 and Chap-
ter UA, Section 1124A, or Chapter UB, Sections
1116B.2 and 1116B.3, as applicable.

6. Horizontal exits complying with Section 1022.

7. Ramps complying with Section 1010 and Chapter UA,
Sections 1114A and 1122A, or Chapter UB, Section
1133B.5, as applicable.

8. Areas of refuge complying with Section 1007.6.
Exceptions:

1 . Where the exit discharge is not accessible, an exterior
area for assisted rescue must be provided in accor-
dance with Section 1007.8.

2. Where the exit stairway is open to the exterior, the ac-
cessible means of egress shall include either an area of
refuge in accordance with Section 1007.6 or an exte-
rior area for assisted rescue in accordance with Sec-
tion 1007.8.

1007.2.1 Elevators required. In buildings where a required
accessible floor is four or more stories above or below a
level of exit discharge, at least one required accessible
means of egress shall be an elevator complying with Section
1007.4.

Exceptions:

1. In buildings equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the elevator
shall not be required on floors provided with a hor-
izontal exit and located at or above the level of exit
discharge.

2. In buildings equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the elevator
shall not be required on floors provided with a
ramp conforming to the provisions of Section
1010.

1007.3 Exit stairways. In order to be considered part of an
accessible means of egress, an exit stairway shall have a clear
width of 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum between handrails
and shall either incorporate an area of refuge within an
enlarged floor-level landing or shall be accessed from either an
area of refuge complying with Section 1007.6 or a horizontal
exit. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC] In addition, exit stairways shall
comply with Chapter UA, Sections 1115A and 1123A, or
Chapter UB, Section 1133B.4, as applicable.

Exceptions:

1. Unenclosed exit stairways as permitted by Section
1020.1 are permitted to be considered part of an ac-
cessible means of egress.

2. The area of refuge is not required at unenclosed exit
stairways as permitted by Section 1020. 1 in buildings
or facilities that are equipped throughout with an au-
tomatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

. 3. The clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm) between
handrails is not required at exit stairways in buildings
or facihties equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

299

MEANS OF EGRESS

4. The clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm) between
handrails is not required for exit stairways accessed
from a horizontal exit.

5. Areas of refuge are not required at exit stairways serv-
ing open parking garages.

1007.4 Elevators. In order to be considered part of an accessi-
ble means of egress, an elevatoi: shall comply with the emer-
gency ojperation and signaling device requurements of Section
2.27 of ASME A17.1. Standby power shall be provided in
accordance with Sections 2702 and 3003. The elevator shall be
accessed from either an area of refuge complying with Section
1007.6 or a horizontal exit.

Exception: Elevators are not required to be accessed from
an area of refuge or horizontal exit in open parking garages.

1007.5 Platform lifts. Platform (wheelchair) lifts shall not
serve as part of an accessible means of egress, except where
allowed as part of a required accessible route in Chapter 11 A,
Section I121A, or Chapter IIB, Sections 1116B.2.1 through
11I6B.2.4, as applicable. Standby power shall be provided in
accordance with Section 2702.2.6 for platform lifts permitted
to serve as part of a means of egress.

[DSA-AC] See Chapter HE, Section 11163.3 for additional
accessible means of egress requirements at platform or special
access lifts.

1007.5.1 Openness. Platform lifts on an accessible means
of egress shall not be installed in a fiiUy enclosed hoistway.

1007.6 Areas of refiige. Ever>' required area of refuge shall be
accessible from the space it serves by an accessible means of
egress. The maximum travel distance from any accessible
space to an area of refuge shall not exceed the travel distance
permitted for the occupancy in accordance with Section
1016.1. Every required area of refuge shall have direct access
to an enclosed stairway complying with Sections 1007.3 and
1020.1 or an elevator complying with Section 1007.4. Where
an elevator lobby is used as an area of refuge, the shaft and
lobby shall comply with Section 1020.1.7 for smokeproof
enclosures except where the elevators are in an area of refuge
formed by a horizontal exit or smoke barrier. [DSA-AC] Areas
of refuge shall comply with the requirements of this code and
shall adjoin an accessible route of travel complying with Sec-
tion 1114B.1.2.

1007.6.1 Size. Each area of refuge shall be sized to accom-
modate two wheelchair spaces that are not less than 30
inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) each. The total
number of such 30-irich by 48-inch (762 mm by 1219 mm)
spaces per story shall be not less than one for every 200 per-
sons of calculated occupant load served by the area of ref-
uge. Such wheelchair spaces shall not reduce the required
means of egress width. Access to any of the required wheel-
chair spaces in an area of refuge shall not be obstructed by
more than one adjoining wheelchair space.

Exception: The enforcing agency may reduce the size of
each required area of refuge to accommodate one wheel-
chair space that is not less than 30 inches by 48 inches
(762 mm by 1219 mm) on floors where the occupant load
is less than 200.

1007.6.2 Separation. Each area of refuge shall be separated
from the remainder of the story by a smoke barrier comply-
ing with Section 709 of the California Building Code or a
horizontal exit complying with Section 1022. Each area of
refuge shall be designed to minimize the intrusion of smoke.

Exception: Areas of refuge located within a vertical exit
enclosure.

1007.6.3 Two-way communication. Areas of refuge shall
be provided with a two-way communication system
between the area of refuge and a central control point. If the
central control point is not constantly attended, the area of
refuge shall also have controlled access to a public tele-
phone system. Location of the central control point shall be
approved by the fire department. The two-way communica-
tion system shall include both audible and visible signals.

1007.6.3.1 Visible communication method, [DSA-AC

& HCD 1-ACJA button complying with Section 1117B.6
in the area of refuge shall activate both a light in the area
of refuge indicating that rescue has been requested and a
light at the central control point indicating that rescue is
being requested. A button at the central control point
shall activate both a light at the central control point and
a light in the area of refuge indicating that the request
has been received.

1007.6.4 Instructions. In areas of refuge that have a
two-way emergency communications system, instructions
on the use of the area under emergency conditions shall be
posted adjoining the communications system. The instruc-
tions shall include all of the following and shall comply with
Section 1117B.5.1, Item 2:

1 . Directions to find other means of egress.

2. Persons able to use the exit stairway do so as soon as
possible, unless they are assisting others.

3. Information on planned availability of assistance in
the use of stairs or supervised operation of elevators
and how to summon such assistance.

4. Directions for use of the emergency communications
system.

1007.6.5 Identification. Each door providing access to an
area of refuge from an adjacent floor area shall be identified
by a sign complying with Section 1117B.5.1, Item 2, stating:
AREA OF REFUGE, and including the International Sym-
bol of Accessibility. Where exit sign illumination is
required by Section 1011.2, the area of refuge sign shall be
illunoinated. Additionally, tactile signage complying with
Section 1117B.5.1, Iteml shall be located at each door to an
area of refuge.

1007.7 Signage. At exits and elevators serving a requked
accessible space but not providing an approved accessible
means of egress, signage shall be installed indicating the loca-
tion of accessible means of egress. [DSA-AC & HCD 1-AC]
Signs shall comply with Chapter llA or Chapter IIB, Section
1117B.5.1, Items 2 and 3, as applicable.

1007.8 Exterior area for assisted rescue. The exterior area for
assisted rescue must be open to the outside air and meet the
requirements of Section 1 007 .6.1. Separation walls shall com-

300

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

ply with the requirements of Section 704 for exterior walls.
Where walls or openings are between the area for assisted res-
cue and the interior of the building, the building exterior walls
within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of a nonrated wall or
unprotected opening shall have a fire-resistance rating of not
less than 1 hour. Openings within such exterior walls shall be
protected by opening protectives having a fu-e protection rating
of not less than V4 hour. This construction shall extend verti-
cally from the ground to a point 10 feet (3048 mm) above the
floor level of the area for assisted rescue or to the roof line,
whichever is lower.

1007.8.1 Openness. The exterior area for assisted rescue
shall be at least 50 percent open, and the open area above the
guards shall be so distributed as to minimize the accumula-
tion of smoke or toxic gases.

1007.8.2 Exterior exit stairway. Exterior exit stairways
that are part of the means of egress for the exterior area for
assisted rescue shall provide a clear width of 48 inches
(1219 mm) between handrails.

1007.8.3 Identification. Exterior areas for assisted rescue
shall have identification as required for area of refuge that
complies with Section 1007.6.5.

1007.9 Alarms/emergency warning systems/accessibility. If

emergency warning systems are required, they shall activate a
means of warning the hearing impaired. Emergency warning
systems as part of the fire-alarm system shall be designed and
installed in accordance with NFPA 72 as amended in Chapter
35.

SECTION 1008
DOORS, GATES AND TURNSTILES

[DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this section,
means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, build-
ings or facilities where accessibility is required for applica-
tions listed in Section 109.1 regulated by the Division of the
State Architect— Access Compliance, shall also comply with
Chapter llA or Chapter 1 IB, Section 1133B.2, as applicable.

1008.1 Doors. Means of egress doors shall meet the require-
ments of this section. Doors serving a means of egress system
shall meet the requirements of this section and Section 1018.2.
Doors provided for egress purposes in numbers greater than
required by this code shall meet the requirements of this sec-
tion.

Means of egress doors shall be readily distinguishable from
the adjacent construction and finishes such that the doors are
easily recognizable as doors. Mirrors or similar reflecting
materials shall not be used on means of egress doors. Means of
egress doors shall not be concealed by curtains, drapes, decora-
tions or similar materials.

1008.1.1 Size of doors. The minimum width of each door
opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and
shall provide a clear width of not less than 32 inches (813
mm). Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors
shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop,
with the door open 90 degrees (1 .57 rad). Where this section
requires a minimum clear width of 32 inches (813 mm) and

a door opening includes two door leaves without a mullion,
one leaf shall provide a clear opening width of 32 inches
(813 mm). The maximum width of a swinging door leaf
shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) nominal. Means of egress
doors in a Group 1-2 occupancy used for the movement of
beds and litter patients shall provide a clear width not less
than 44 inches (1118 mm). The height of doors shall not be
less than 80 inches (2032 mm).

Exceptions:

1 . The minimum and maximum width shall not apply
to door openings that are not part of the required
means of egress in Group R-2 and R-3 occupan-
cies.

2. Other than those required to be accessible by
Chapter IIB, door openings to resident sleeping
units in Group 1-3 occupancies shall have a clear
width of not less than 28 inches (711 mm).

3. Door openings to storage closets less than 10
square feet (0.93 m^) in area shall not be limited by
the minimum width.

4. Width of door leafs in revolving doors that comply
with Section 1008. 1 .3.1 shall not be limited. .

5. Door openings within a dwelling unit or sleeping
unit shall not be less than 78 inches (1981 mm) in
height.

6. Exterior door openings in dwelling units and
sleeping units, other than the required exit door,
shall not be less than 76 inches (1930 mm) in
height.

7. In other than Group R-1 occupancies, the mini-
mum widths shall not apply to interior egress doors
within a dwelling unit or sleeping unit that is not
required to be adaptable or accessible as specified
in Chapter llA or IIB, as applicable.

8. Door openings required to be accessible within
dwelling units shall have a minimum clear width as
specified in Chapter llA or IIB, as applicable.

1008.1.1.1 Projections into clear width. There shall not
be projections into the required clear width lower than 34
inches (864 mm) above the floor or ground. Projections
into the clear opening width between 34 inches (864
mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) above the floor or ground
shall not exceed 4 inches (102 mm).

Exception: In a Group 1-2 occupancy, there shall be
no projections into the clear width of doors used for
the movement of beds and litter patients in the means
of egress.

1008.1.2 Door swing. Egress doors shall be side-hinged
swinging.

Exceptions:

1 . Private garages, office areas, factory and storage
areas with an occupant load of 10 or less.

2. Group 1-3 occupancies used as a place of deten-
tion.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

301

MEANS OF EGRESS

3. Critical or intensive care patient rooms within
suites of health care facilities.

4. Doors within or serving a single dwelling unit in
Groups R-2 and R-3.

5. In other than Group H occupancies, revolving
doors complying with Section 1008.1.3.1.

6. In other than Group H occupancies, horizontal
sliding doors complying with Section 1008. 1.3.3
are permitted in a means of egress.

7. Power-operated doors in accordance with Sec-
tion 1008.1.3.2.

8. Doors serving a bathroom within an individual
sleeping unit in Group R-1.

9. In a Group 1-2 occupancy, all required exterior
egress doors shall open in the direction of egress
regardless of the occupant load served.

10. In 1-2 and 1-2.1 occupancies, exit doors serving
an occupant load of 10 or more may be of the piv-
oted or balanced type.

Doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel where
serving an occupant load of 50 or more persons or a Group
H occupancy.

The opening force for interior side-swinging doors with-
out closers shall not exceed a 5-pound (22 N) force. For
other side-swinging, sliding and folding doors, the door
latch shall release when subjected to a 15-pound (67 N)
force. The door shall be set in motion when subjected to a
30-pound (133 N) force. The door shall swing to a full-open
position when subjected to a 15-pound (67 N) force. Forces
shall be applied to the latch side.

1008.1.3 Special doors. Special doors and security grilles
shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1008.1.3.1
through 1008.1.3.5.

1008.1.3.1 Revolving doors. Revolving doors shall
comply with the following:

1 . Each revolving door shall be capable of collapsing
into a bookfold position with parallel egress paths
providing an aggregate width of 36 inches (914
mm).

2. A revolving door shall not be located within 10 feet
(3048 nun) of the foot of or top of .stairs or escala-
tors. A dispersal area shall be provided between
the stairs or escalators and the revolving doors.

3. The revolutions per minute (rpm) for a revolving
door shall not exceed those shown in Table
1008.1.3.1.

4. Each revolving door shall have a side-hinged
swinging door which complies with Section
1008.1 in the same wall and within 10 feet (3048
mm) of the revolving door.

TABLE 1008.1.3.1
REVOLVING DOOR SPEEDS

INSIDE DIAMETER
(feet-Inches)

POWER-DRIVEN-TYPE

SPEED CONTROL

(rpm)

MANUAL-TYPE

SPEED CONTROL

(rpm)

6-6

7-0

7-6

8-0

8-6

9-0

9-6

10-0

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

1008.1.3.1.1 Egress component. A revolving door
used as a component of a means of egress shall com-
ply with Section 1008.1.3.1 and the following three
conditions:

1. Revolving doors shall not be given credit for
more than 50 percent of the required egress ca-
pacity.

2. Each revolving door shall be credited with no
more than a 50-person capacity.

3. Each revolving door shall be capable of being
collapsed when a force of not more than 130
pounds (578 N) is applied within 3 inches (76
mm) of the outer edge of a wing.

1008.1.3.1.2 Other than egress component. A

revolving door used as other than a component of a
means of egress shall comply with Section
1008.1.3.1. The collapsing force of a revolving door
not used as a component of a means of egress shall not
be more than 180 pounds (801 N).

Exception: A collapsing force in excess of 180
pounds (801 N) is permitted if the collapsing force
is reduced to not more than 130 pounds (578 N)
when at least one of the following conditions is sat-
isfied:

1 . There is a power failure or power is removed
to the device holding the door wings in posi-
tion.

2. There is an actuation of the automatic sprin-
kler system where such system is provided.

3. There is an actuation of a smoke detection
system which is installed in accordance with
Section 907 to provide coverage in areas
within the building which are within 75 feet
(22 860 mm) of the revolving doors.

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

4. There is an actuation of a manual control
switch, in an approved location and clearly
defined, which reduces the holding force to
below the 130-pound (578 N) force level.

1008.1.3.2 Power-operated doors. Where means of
egress doors are operated by power, such as doors with a
photoelectric-actuated mechanism to open the door upon
the approach of a person, or doors with power-assisted
manual operation, the design shall be such that in the
event of power failure, the door is capable of being
opened manually to permit means of egress travel or
closed where necessary to safeguard means of egress.
The forces required to open these doors manually shall
not exceed those specified in Section 1008.1.2, except
that the force to set the door in motion shall not exceed 50
pounds (220 N). The door shall be capable of swinging
from any position to the full width of the opening in
which such door is installed when a force is applied to the
door on the side from which egress is made.
Full-power-operated doors shall comply with BHMA
A156.10. Power-assisted and low-energy doors shall
comply with BHMA A156. 19.

Exceptions:

1. Occupancies in Group 1-3.

2. Horizontal sliding doors complying with Sec-
tion 1008.1.3.3.

3. For a biparting door in the emergency breakout
mode, a door leaf located within a multiple-leaf
opening shall be exempt from the minimum
32-inch (813 mm) single-leaf requirement of
Section 1 008 .1.1, provided a minimum 32-inch
(813 mm) clear opening is provided when the
two biparting leaves meeting in the center are
broken out.

1008.1.3.3 Horizontal sliding doors. In other than
Group H occupancies, horizontal sliding doors permitted
to be a component of a means of egress in accordance
with Exception 6 to Section 1008.1.2 shall comply with
all of the following criteria:

1 . The doors shall be power operated and shall be ca-
pable of being operated manually in the event of
power failure.

2. The doors shall be openable by a simple method
from both sides without special knowledge or ef-
fort.

3. The force required to operate the door shall not ex-
ceed 30 pounds (133 N) to set the door in motion
and 1 5 pounds (67 N) to close the door or open it to
the minimum required width.

4. The door shall be openable with a force not to ex-
ceed 1 5 pounds (67 N) when a force of 250 pounds
(1 100 N) is applied perpendicular to the door adja-
cent to the operating device.

5. The door assembly shall comply with the applica-
ble fire protection rating and, where rated, shall be
self-closing or automatic closing by smoke detec-

tion in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3, shall be
installed in accordance with NFPA 80 and shall
comply with Section 715.

6. The door assembly shall have an integrated
standby power supply.

7. The door assembly power supply shall be electri-
cally supervised.

8. The door shall open to the minimum required
width within 10 seconds after activation of the op-
erating device.

1008.1.3.4 Access-controlled egress doors. The
entrance doors in a means of egress in buildings with an
occupancy in Group A, B, M, R-1 or R-2 and entrance
doors to tenant spaces in occupancies in Groups A, B , M,
R-1 and R-2 that are equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 and approved automatic smoke detection sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section 907, are permit-
ted to be equipped with an approved entrance and egress
access control system which shall be installed in accor-
dance with all of the following criteria:

1. A sensor shall be provided on the egress side ar-
ranged to detect an occupant approaching the
doors. The doors shall be arranged to unlock by a
signal from or loss of power to the sensor.

2. Loss of power to that part of the access control sys-
tem which locks the doors shall automatically un-
lock the doors.

3. The doors shall be arranged to unlock from a man-
ual unlocking device located 40 inches to 48
inches (1016 mm to 1219 mm) vertically above the
floor and within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the secured
doors. Ready access shall be provided to the man-
ual unlocking device and the device shall be
clearly identified by a sign that reads "PUSH TO
EXIT." When operated, the manual unlocking de-
vice shall result in direct interruption of power to
the lock-independent of the access control system
electronics-and the doors shall remain unlocked
for a minimum of 30 seconds.

4. Activation of the building fire alarm system, shall
automatically unlock the doors, and the doors shall
remain unlocked until the fire alarm system has
been reset.

5. Activation of the building automatic sprinkler or
fire detection system, shall automatically unlock
the doors. The doors shall remain unlocked until
the fire alarm system has been reset.

6. Entrance doors in buildings with an occupancy in
Group A, B, or M shall not be secured from the
egress side during periods that the building is open
to the general public.

1008.1.3.5 Security grilles. In Groups B, F, M and S,
horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles are permit-
ted at the main exit and shall be openable from the inside
without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort

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during periods that the space is occupied. The grilles
shall remain secured in the full-open position during the
period of occupancy by the general public. Where two or
more means of egress are required, not more than
one-half of the exits or exit access doorways shall be
equipped with horizontal sliding or vertical security
grilles.

1008.1.4 Floor elevation. There shall be a floor or landing
on each side of a ddor. Such floor or landing shall be at the
same elevation on each side of the door. Landings shall be
level except for exterior landings, which are permitted to
have a slope not to exceed 0.25 unit vertical in 12 units hori-
zontal (2-percent slope).

Exceptions:

1. Doors serving individual dwelling units in Groups
R-2 and R-3 where the following apply:

1 . 1 . A door is permitted to open at the top step
of an interior flight of stairs, provided the
door does not swing over the top step.

1.2. Screen doors and storm doors are permit-
ted to swing over stairs or landings.

2. Exterior doors as provided for in Section 1003.5,
Exception 1, and Section 1018.2, which are not on
an accessible route.

3. In Group R-3 occupancies not required to be
adaptable or accessible, the landing at an exterior
doorway shall not be more than 7.75 inches (197
mm) below the top of the threshold, provided the
door, other than an exterior storm or screen door,
does not swing over the landing.

4. Variations in elevation due to differences in finish
materials, but not more than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm).

1008.1.5 Landings at doors. Landings shall have a width
not less than the width of the stairway or the door, whichever
is greater. Doors in the fully open position shall not reduce a
required dimension by more than 7 inches (178 mm). When
a landing serves an occupant load of 50 or more, doors in
any position shall not reduce the landing to less than
one-half its required width. Landings shall have a length
measured in the direction of travel of not less than 44 inches
(1118 mm).

Exception: Landing length in the direction of travel in
Groups R-3 and U and within individual units of Group
R-2 need not exceed 36 inches (914 mm).

1008.1.6 Thresholds. Thresholds at doorways shall not
exceed 0.75 inch (19. 1 mm) in height for sUding doors serv-
ing dwelling units or 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) for other doors.
Raised thresholds and floor level changes greater than 0.25
inch (6.4 mm) at doorways shall be beveled with a slope not
greater than one unit vertical in two units horizontal
(50-percent slope).

Exception: The threshold height shall be limited to 7.75
inches (197 mm) where the occupancy is Group R-2 or
R-3; the door is an exterior door that is not a component
of the required means of egress; the door, other tiian an
exterior storm or screen door does not swing over the

landing or step; and the doorway is not on an accessible
route as required by Chapter 11 A orllB and is not part
of an adaptable or accessible dwelling unit

1008.1.7 Door arrangement. Space between two doors in a
series shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum plus the
width of a door swinging into the space. Doors in a series
shall swing either in the same direction or away from the
space between the doors^

Exceptions:

1 . The minimum distance between horizontal sliding
power-operated doors in a series shall be 48 inches
(1219 mm).

2. Storm and screen doors serving individual dwell-
ing units in Groups R-2 and R-3 need not be spaced
48 inches (1219 mm) from the other door.

3. Doors within individual dwelUng units in Groups
R-2 and R-3 occupancies other than adaptable or
accessible dwelling units.

1008.1.8 Door operations. Except as specifically permitted
by this section egress doors shall be readily openable firom
the egress side without the use of a key or special knowledge
or effort.

1008.1.8.1 Hardware. Door handles, pulls, latches,
locks and other operating devices on doors required to be
accessible by Chapter llA or Chapter IIB shall not
require tight grasping, tight pinching or twisting of the
wrist to operate.

1008.1.8.2 Hardware height. Door handles, pulls,
latches, locks and other operating devices shall be
installed 34 inches (864 mm) minimum and 48 inches
(1219 mm) maximum above the finished floor. Locks
used only for security purposes and not used for normal
operation are permitted at any height.

Exception: Access doors or gates in barrier walls and
fences protecting pools, spas and hot tubs shall be per-
mitted to have operable parts of the release of latch on
self-latching devices at 54 inches (1370 mm) maxi-
mum above the finished floor or ground, provided the
self-latching devices are not also self-locking devices
operated by means of a key, electronic opener or inte-
gral combination lock.

1008.1.8.3 Locks and latches. Locks and latches shall
be permitted to prevent operation of doors where any of
the following exists:

1. Places of detention or restraint.

2. In buildings in occupancy Group A having an oc-
cupant load of 300 or less, Groups B, F, M and S,
and in places of religious worship, the main exte-
rior door or doors are permitted to be equipped
with key-operated locking devices from the egress
side provided:

2.1. The locking device is readily distinguish-
able as locked,

2.2. A readily visible durable sign is posted on
the egress side on or adjacent to the door

304

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Stating: THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UN-
LOCKED WHEN BUILDING IS OCCU-
PIED. The sign shall be in letters 1 inch (25
mm) high on a contrasting background,

2.3 . The use of the key-operated locking device
is revokable by the building official for due
cause.

3. Where egress doors are used in pairs, approved au-
tomatic flush bolts shall be permitted to be used,
provided that the door leaf having the automatic
flush bolts has no doorknob or surface-mounted
hardware.

4. Doors from individual dwelling or sleeping units
of Group R occupancies having an occupant load
of 10 or less are permitted to be equipped with a
night latch, dead bolt or security chain, provided
such devices are openable from the inside without
the use of a key or tool.

1008.1.8.4 Bolt locks. Manually operated flush bolts or
surface bolts are not permitted.

Exceptions:

1. On doors not required for egress in individual
dwelling units or sleeping units.

2. Where a pair of doors serves a storage or equip-
ment room, manually operated edge- or sur-
face-mounted bolts are permitted on the
inactive leaf.

1008.1.8.5 Unlatching. The unlatching of any door or
leaf shall not require more than one operation.

Exceptions:

1. Places of detention or restraint.

2. Where manually operated bolt locks are permit-
ted by Section 1008.1.8.4.

3. Doors with automatic flush bolts as permitted
by Section 1008.1.8.3, Exception 3.

4. Doors from individual dwelling units and
sleeping units of Group R occupancies as per-
mitted by Section 1008. L8.3, Exception 4.

1008.1.8.6 Delayed egress locks. Approved, listed,
delayed egress locks shall be permitted to be installed on
doors serving any occupancy except Group A, E and H
occupancies in buildings that are equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1 and an approved automatic smoke
detection system installed in accordance with Section
907, provided that the doors unlock in accordance with
Items 1 through 9 below. A building occupant shall not
be required to pass through more than one door equipped
with a delayed egress lock before entering an exit.
Delayed egress devices shall conform to all of the follow-
ing:

1 . The doors unlock upon actuation of the automatic
sprinkler system or automatic smoke detection sys-
tem.

2. The doors unlock upon loss of electrical power to
any one of the following:

2.1 The egress-control device itself

2.2 The smoke detection system.

2.3 Means of egress illumination as required
by Section 1006.

3. The door locks shall have the capability of being
unlocked by a signal from a switch located in an
approved location.

4. The initiation of an irreversible process which will
release the latch in not more than 15 secpnds when
a force of not more than 15 pounds (67 N) is ap-
plied for 1 second to the release device. Initiation
of the irreversible process shall activate an audible
signal in the vicinity of the door. Once the door
lock has been released by the application of force
to the releasing device, relocking shall be by man-
ual means only. [SFM] The time delay established
for each egress-control device shall not be field ad-
justable. For applications listed in Section 109.1
regulated by the Division of the State Archi-
tect—Access Compliance, see Chapter IIB, Sec-
tion 1133B.2.5.

Exception: In facilities housing Alzheimer's or
dementia clients, a delay of not more than 30
seconds is permitted.

5. A sign shall be provided on the door located above
and within 12 inches (305 mm) of the release de-
vice reading: "KEEP PUSHING. THIS DOOR
WILL OPEN IN 15 [30] SECONDS. ALARM
WILL SOUND." Sign lettering shall be at least 1
inch (25 mm) in height and shall have a stroke of
not less than '/^ inch (3.2 mm).

5.1 A tactile sign shall also be provided in
Braille and raised characters, which com-
plies with Section 1117B.5.1, Item 1.

6. Emergency lighting shall be provided at the door.

7. Actuation of the panic bar or other door-latching
hardware shall activate an audible signal at the
door

8. The unlatching shall not require more than one op-
eration.

9. Regardless of the means of deactivation, relocking
of the egress-control device shall be by manual
means only at the door.

1008.1.8.7 Stairway doors. Interior stakway means of
egress doors shall be openable from both sides without
the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.

Exceptions:

1. Stairway discharge doors shall be openable
from the egress side and shall only be locked
from the opposite side.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

305

MEANS OF EGRESS

2. This section shall not apply to doors arranged in
accordance with Section 403.12.

3. In stairways serving not more than four stories,
doors are permitted to be locked from the side
opposite the egress side, provided they are
openable from the egress side and capable of
being unlocked simultaneously without un-
latching upon a signal from the fire command
center, if present, or a signal by emergency per-
sonnel from a single location inside the main
entrance to the building.

1008.1.9 Panic and fire exit hardware. Where panic and
fire exit hardware is installed, it shall comply with the fol-
lowing:

1 . The actuating portion of the releasing device shall ex-
tend at least one-half of the door leaf width.

2. The maximum unlatching force shall not exceed 15
pounds (67 N).

Each door in a means of egress from a Group A, or assem-
bly area not classified as an assembly occupancy, E, 1-2 or
1-2.1 occupancies having an occupant load of 50 or more
and any Group H occupancy shall not be provided with a
latch or lock unless it is panic hardware or fire exit hard-
ware.

Exception: A main exit of a Group A occupancy in
comphance with Section 1008.1.8.3, Item 2.

E^ec-triGal rooms with s'^ui^ment rated 1 200 amperes or
more and over 6 feet (1829 mm) wide that contain
overcurrent devices, switching devices or control devices
with exit access doors shall be equipped with panic hard-
ware and doors shall swing in the direction of egress.

If balanced doors .are used and panic hardware is
required, the panic hardware shall be the push-pad type and
the pad shall not extend more then one-half the widfli of the
door measured from the latch side.

1008.2 Gates. Gates serving the means of egress system shall
comply with the requirements of this section. Gates used as a
component in a means of egress shall conform to the apphcable
requirements for doors.

Exception: Horizontal sliding or swinging gates exceeding
the 4-foot (1219 mm) maximum leaf width limitation are
permitted in fences and walls surrounding a stadium.

1008.2.1 Stadiums. Panic hardware is notrequked on gates
surrounding stadiums where such gates are under constant
immediate supervision while the public is present, and
where safe dispersal areas based on 3 square feet (0.28 m^)
per occupant are located between the fence and enclosed
space. Such required safe dispersal areas shaU not be
located less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the enclosed
space. See Section 1024.6 for means of egress froni safe dis-
persal areas.

1008.3 IVimstiles. Turnstiles or similar devices that restrict
travel to one direction shall not be placed so as to obstruct any
required means of egress.

Exception: Each turnstile or similar device shall be credited
with no more than a 50-person capacity where all of the fol-
lowing provisions are met:

1. Each device shall turn free in the direction of egress
travel when primary power is lost, and upon the man-
ual release by an employee in the area.

2. Such devices are not given credit for more than 50
percent of the required egress capacity.

3. Each device is not more than 39 inches (991 mm)
high.

4. Each device has at least 16.5 inches (419 mm) clear
width at and below a height of 39 inches (991 mm)
and at least 22 inches (559 mm) clear width at heights
above 39 inches (991 mm).

Where located as part of an accessible route, turnstiles shall
have at least 36 inches (914 mm) clear at and below a height of
34 inches (864 mm), at least 32 inches (813 mm) clear width
between 34 inches (864 nam) and 80 inches (2032 mm) and
shall consist of a mechanism other than a revolving device.

1008.3.1 High turnstile. Turnstiles more than 39 inches
(991 mm) high shall meet the requirements for revolving
doors.

1008.3.2 Additional door. Where serving an occupant load
greater than 300, each turnstile that is not portable shall have
a side-hinged swinging door which conforms to Section
1008.1 within 50 feet (15 240 mm).

SECTION 1009
STAIRWAYS

1009.1 Stairway width. The width of stauways shall be deter-
mined as specified in Section 1005.1, but such width shall not
be less than 44 inches (1118 mm). See Section 1007.3 for
accessible means of egress stairways.

Exceptions:

1. Stairways serving an occupant load of less than 50
shall have a width of not less than 36 inches (914
mm).

2. Spiral stairways as provided for in Section 1009.8.

3. Aisle stairs complying with Section 1025.

4. Where an incUne platform lift or stairway chairUft is
installed on stairways serving occupancies in Group

306

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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R-3, or within dwelling units in occupancies in Group
R-2, a clear passage width not less than 20 inches (508
mm) shall be provided. If the seat and platform can be
folded when not in use, the distance shall be measured
from the folded position.

Means of egress stairs in a Group 1-2 occupancy used for the
movement of beds and litter patients shall provide a clear width
not less than 44 inches (1118 mm).

1009.2 Headroom. Stairways shall have a minimum head-
room clearance of 80 inches (2032 mm) measured vertically
from a line connecting the edge of the nosings. Such headroom
shall be continuous above the stairway to the point where the
line intersects the landing below, one tread depth beyond the
bottom riser. The minimum clearance shall be maintained the
full width of the stairway and landing.

Exception: Spiral stairways complying with Section
1009.8 are permitted a 78-inch (1981 mm) headroom clear-
ance.

1009.3 Stair treads and risers. Stak riser heights shall be 7
inches (178 mm) maximum and 4 inches (102 mm) minimum.
Stair tread depths shall be 11 inches (279 mm) minimum. The
riser height shall be measured vertically between the leading
edges of adjacent treads. The tread depth shall be measured
horizontally between the vertical planes of the foremost projec-
tion of adjacent treads and at a right angle to the tread's leading
edge. Winder treads shall have a minimum tread depth of 1 1
inches (279 nam) measured at a right angle to the tread's lead-
ing edge at a point 12 inches (305 mm) from the side where the
treads are narrower and a minimum tread depth of 10 inches
(254 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Alternating tread devices in accordance with Section
1009.9.

2. Spiral stairways in accordance with Section 1009.8.

3. Aisle staurs in assembly seating areas where the stair
pitch or slope is set, for sightline reasons, by the slope
of the adjacent seating area in accordance with Sec-
tion 1025.11.2.

4. In Group R-3 occupancies; within dwelling units in
Group R-2 occupancies; and in Group U occupancies
that are accessory to a Group R-3 occupancy or acces-
sory to individual dwelling units in Group R-2 occu-
pancies; the maximum riser height shall be 7.75
inches (197 mm); the minimum tread depth shall be ■
10 inches (254 mm); the minimum winder tread depth
at the walk Une shall be 10 inches (254 mm); and the
minimum winder tread depth shall be 6 inches (152
mm). A nosing not less than 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) but
not more than 1 .25 inches (32 mm) shall be provided
on stairways with solid risers where the tread depth is
less than 1 1 inches (279 nun).

5 . See the Section 3403 .4 for the replacement of existing
stairways. [HCD 1] See Chapter 34, Section 3403.1,
Exception 2 for additions, alterations or repairs to ex-
isting buildings. [DSA-AC] For applications listed in
Section 109.1 regulated by the Division of the State

Architect-Access Compliance, see Chapter IIB, Sec-
tion 1134B.

1009.3.1 Winder treads. Winder treads are not permitted in
means of egress stairways except within a dwelling unit.

Exceptions:

1. Curved stairways in accordance with Section
1009.7.

2. Spiral stairways in accordance with Section
1009.8.

1009.3.2 Dimensional uniformity. Stair treads and risers
shall be of uniform size and shape. The tolerance between
the largest and smallest riser height or between the largest
and smallest tread depth shall not exceed 0.375 inch (9.5
mm) in any flight of stairs. The greatest winder tread depth
at the 12-inch (305 mm) walk line within any flight of stairs
shall not exceed the smallest by more than 0.375 inch (9.5
mm) measured at a right angle to the tread's leading edge.

Exceptions:

1. Nonuniform riser dimensions of aisle stairs com-
plying with Section 1025.11.2.

2. Consistently shaped winders, complying with
Section 1009.3, differing from rectangular treads
in the same stairway flight.

Where the bottom or top riser adjoins a sloping public
way, walkway or driveway having an established grade and
serving as a landing, the bottom or top riser is permitted to
be reduced along the slope to less than 4 inches (102 mm) in
height, with the variation in height of the bottom or top riser
not to exceed one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-per-
cent slope) of stairway width. The nosings or leading edges
of treads at such nonuniform height risers shall have a dis-
tinctive marking stripe, different from any other nosing
marking provided on the stair flight. The distinctive mark-
ing stripe shall be visible in descent of the stair and shall
have a slip-resistant surface. Marking stripes shall have a
width of at least 1 inch (25 mm) but not more than 2 inches
(51 mm).

1009.3.3 Profile. The radius of curvature at the leading edge
of the tread shall be not greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm).
Beveling of nosings shall not exceed 0.5 inch (12.7 mm).
Risers shall be solid and vertical or sloped from the under-
side of the leading edge of the tread above at an angle not
more than 30 degrees (0.52 rad) from the vertical. The lead-
ing edge (nosings) of treads shall project not more than 1 .25
inches (32 mm) beyond the tread below and all projections
of the leading edges shall be of uniform size, including the
leading edge of the floor at the top of a flight.

Exceptions:

1. Solid risers are not required for stairways that are
not required to comply with Section 1007.3, pro-
vided that the opening between treads does not
permit the passage of a sphere with a diameter of 4
inches (102 mm).

2. Solid risers are not required for occupancies in
Group 1-3.

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1009.4 Stairway landings. There shall be a floor or landing at
the top and bottom of each stairway. The width of landings
shall not be less than the width of stairways they serve. Every
landing shall have a minimum dimension measured in the
direction of travel equal to the width of the stairway. Such
dimension need not exceed 48 inches (1219 mm) where the
stairway has straight run.

Exceptions:

1. Aisle stairs complying with Section 1025.

2. Doors opening onto a landing shall not reduce the
landing to less than one-half the required width.
When fully open, the door shall not project more than
7 inches (178 mm) into a landing.

3. [HCD 1 & SFM] In Group R-3 occupancies, a floor
or landing is not required at the top of an interior
flight of stairs, including stairs in an enclosed garage,
provided a door does not swing over the stairs.

1009.5 Stairway construction. All stairways shall be built of
materials consistent with the types permitted for the type of
construction of the building, except that wood handrails shall
be permitted for all types of construction.

1009.5.1 Stairway walking surface. The walking surface
of treads and landings of a stairway shall not be sloped
steeper than one unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-per-
cent slope) in any direction. Stairway treads and landings
shall have a solid surface. Finish floor surfaces shall be
securely attached.

Exception: In Group F, H and S occupancies, other than
areas of parking structures accessible to the public, open-
ings in treads and landings shall not be prohibited pro-
vided a sphere with a diameter of 1.125 inches (29 mm)
cannot pass through the opening.

1009.5.2 Outdoor conditions. Outdoor stairways and out-
door approaches to stairways shall be designed so that water
wiU not accumulate on walking surfaces.

1009.5.3 Enclosures under stairways. The walls and sof-
fits within enclosed usable spaces under enclosed and unen-
closed stairways shall be protected by 1-hour
fire-resistance-rated construction or the fire-resistance rat-
ing of the stairway enclosure, whichever is greater. Access
to the enclosed space shall not be directly from within the
stair enclosure.

Exception: Spaces under stairways serving and con-
tained within a single residential dwelling unit in Group
R-2 or R-3 shall be permitted to be protected on the
enclosed side with 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board.

There shall be no enclosed usable space under exterior
exit stairways unless the space is completely enclosed in
1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. The open space
under exterior stairways shall not be used for any purpose.

1009.6 Vertical rise. A flight of stairs shall not have a vertical
rise greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) between floor levels or
landings.

Exception: Aisle stairs complying with Section 1025.

1009.7 Curved stairways. Curved stairways with winder
treads shall have treads and risers in accordance with Section
1009.3 and the smallest radius shall not be less than twice the
required width of the stairway.

Exception: The radius restriction shall not apply to curved
stairways for occupancies in Group R-3 and within individ-
ual dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2.

1009.8 Spiral stairways. Spiral stairways are permitted to be
used as a component in the means of egress only within dwell-
ing units or from a space not more than 250 square feet (23 m^)
in area and serving not more than five occupants, or from gal-
leries, catwalks and gridirons in accordance with Section
1015.6.

A spiral stairway shall have a 7.5 inch (191 mm) minimum
clear tread depth at a point 12 inches (305 mm) from the narrow
edge. The risers shall be sufficient to provide a headroom of 78
inches (1981 mm) minimum, but riser height shall not be more
than 9.5 inches (241 mm). The minimum stairway width shall
be 26 inches (660 mm).

1009.9 Alternating tread devices. Alternating tread devices
are Umited to an element of a means of egress in buildings of
Groups F, H and S from a mezzanine not more than 250 square
feet (23 m^) in area and which serves not more than five occu-
pants; in buildings of Group 1-3 from a guard tower, observa-
tion station or control room not more than 250 square feet (23
m^) in area and for access to unoccupied roofs.

1009.9.1 Handrails of alternating tread devices. Hand-
rails shall be provided on both sides of alternating tread
devices and shall comply with Section 1012.

1009.9.2 Treads of alternating tread devices. Alternating
tread devices shall have a minimum projected tread of 5
inches (127 mm), aminimum tread depth of 8.5 inches (216
nam), a minimum tread width of 7 inches (178 mm) and a
maximum riser height of 9.5 inches (241 mm). The initial
tread of the device shall begin at the same elevation as the
platform, landing or floor surface.

Exception: Alternating tread devices used as an element
of a means of egress in buildings from a mezzanine area
not more than 250 square feet (23 m^) in area which
serves not more than five occupants shall have a mini-
mum projected tread of 8.5 inches (216 mm) with a mini-
mum tread depth of 10.5 inches (267 mm). The rise to the
next alternating tread surface should not be more than 8
inches (203 mm).

1009.10 Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on each
side and shall comply with Section 1012. Where glass is used
to provide the handrail, the handrail shall also comply with
Section 2407 of the California Building Code.

Exceptions:

1. Aisle stairs complying with Section 1025 provided
with a center handrail need not have additional hand-
rails.

2. Stairways within dwelling units, spiral stairways and
aisle stairs serving seating only on one side are per-
mitted to have a handrail on one side only.

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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3. Decks, patios and walkways that have a single change
in elevation where the landing depth on each side of
the change of elevation is greater than what is required
for a landing do not require handrails.

4. In Group R-3 occupancies, [HCD 1 & SFM] a contin-
uous run of treads or flight of stairs with fewer than
four risers does not require handrails.

5. Changes in room elevations of only one riser within
dwelling units and sleeping units in Group R-2 occu-
pancies do not require handrails.

[DSA-AC] For applications listed in Section 1 09. 1 regulated
by the Division of the State Architect— Access Compliance, see
Chapter IIB, Section 11338.4.1.

1009.11 Stairway to roof. In buildings located four or more
stories in height above grade plane, one stairway shall extend to
the roof surface, unless the roof has a slope steeper than four
units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope). In
buildings without an occupied roof, access to the roof from the
top story shall be permitted to be by an alternating tread device.

1009.11.1 Roof access. Where a stairway is provided to a
roof, access to the roof shall be provided through a pent-
house complying with Section 1509.2.

Exception: In buildings without an occupied roof,
access to the roof shall be permitted to be a roof hatch or
trap door not less than 16 square feet (1.5 m^) in area and
having a minimum dimension of 2 feet (610 mm).

1009.11.2 Protection at roof hatch openings. Where the
roof hatch opening providing the required access is located
within 10 feet (3049 mm) of the roof edge, such roof access
or roof edge shall be protected by guards installed in accor-
dance with the provisions of Section 1013.

SECTION 1010
RAMPS

[DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this section,
means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, build-
ings or facilities where accessibility is required for applica-
tions listed in Section 109.1 regulated by the Division, of the
State Architect— Access Compliance, shall also comply with
Chapter 11 A or Chapter 1 IB, Section 1133B.5, as applicable.

1010.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to
ramps used as a component of a means of egress.

Exceptions:

1 . Other than ramps that are part of the accessible routes
providing access in accordance with Chapter llA or
IIB, ramped aisles within assembly rooms or spaces
shall conform with the provisions in Section 1025. 1 1 .

2. Curb ramps shall comply with Chapter llA or IIB
Section 1127B.5, as applicable.

3. Vehicle ramps in parking garages for pedestrian exit
access shall not be required to comply with Sections
1010.3 through 1010.9 when they are not an accessi-
ble route serving accessible parking spaces, other re-
quired accessible elements or part of an accessible
means of egress.

1010.2 Slope. Ramps used as part of a means of egress shall
have a running slope not steeper than one unit vertical in 12
units horizontal (8-percent slope). The slope of other pedes-
trian ramps shall not be steeper than one unit vertical in eight
units horizontal (12.5-percent slope).

Exception: An aisle ramp slope in occupancies of Group A
shall comply with Section 1025. 11.

1010.3 Cross slope. The slope measured perpendicular to the
direction of travel of a ramp shall not be steeper than one unit
vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-percent slope).

1010.4 Vertical rise. The rise for any ramp run shall be 30
inches (762 mm) maximum.

1010.5 Minimum dimensions. The minimum dimensions of
means of egress ramps shall comply with Sections 1010.5.1
through 1010.5.3.

' 1010.5.1 Width. The minimum width of a means of egress
ramp shall not be less than that required for corridors by
Section 1017.2. The clear width of a ramp and the clear
width between handrails, if provided, shall be 36 inches
(914 mm) minimum.

1010.5.2 Headroom. The minimum headroom in all parts
of the means of egress ramp shall not be less than 80 inches
(2032 nrni).

1010.5.3 Restrictions. Means of egress ramps shall not
reduce in width in the direction of egress travel. Projections
into the required ramp and landing width are prohibited.
Doors opening onto a landing shall not reduce the clear
width to less than 42 inches (1067 mm).

1010.6 Landings. Ramps shall have landings at the bottom and
top of each ramp, points of turning, entrance, exits and at doors.
Landings shall comply with Sections 1010.6.1 through
1010.6.5.

1010.6.1 Slope. Landings shall have a slope not steeper than
one unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in
any direction. Changes in level are not permitted.

1010.6.2 Width. The landing shall be at least as wide as the
widest ramp run adjoining the landing.

1010.6.3 Length. The landing length shall be 60 inches
(1525 mm) minimum.

Exceptions:

1. Landings in nonaccessible Group R-2 and R-3 in-
dividual dwelling units are permitted to be 36
inches (914 mm) minimum.

2. Where the ramp is not a part of an accessible route,
the length of the landing shall not be required to be
more than 48 inches (1220 mm) in the direction of
travel.

1010.6.4 Change in direction. Where changes in direction
of travel occur at landings provided between ramp runs, the
landing shall be 60 inches by 60 inches (1524 mm by 1524
mm) minimum.

Exception: Landings in nonaccessible Group R-2 and
R-3 individual dwelling units are permitted to be 36
inches by 36 inches (914 mm by 914 mm) minimum. ,

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1010.6.5 Doorways. Where doorways are located adjacent
to a ramp landing, maneuvering clearances required for
accessibility are permitted to overlap the required landing
area as specified in Chapter llA or Chapter IIB, Section
1133B.5.

1010.7 Ramp construction. All ramps shall be built of materi-
als consistent with the types permitted for the type of construc-
tion of the building, except that wood handrails shall be
permitted for all types of construction. Ramps used as an exit
shall conform to the applicable requirements of Sections
1020.1 through 1020.1.3 for exit enclosures.

1010.7.1 Ramp surface. The surface of ramps shall be of
slip-resistant materials that are securely attached.

1010.7.2 Outdoor conditions. Outdoor ramps and outdoor
approaches to ramps shall be designed so that water will not
accumulate on walking surfaces.

1010.8 Handrails. Ramps with a rise greater than 6 inches
(152 mm) shall have handrails on both sides. Handrails shall
comply with Section 1012.

1010.9 Edge protection. Edge protection complying with Sec-
tion 1010.9.1 or 1010.9.2 shall be provided on each side of
ramp runs and at each side of ramp landings. See Chapter 11 A,
Sections 1114A.7 and 1122A.6, for curb and wheel guide
requirements.

Exceptions:

1 . Edge protection is not required on ramps that are not
required to have handrails, provided they have flared
sides that comply with Chapter llA or Chapter IIB,
Section 1127B.5.

2. Edge protection is not required on the sides of ramp
landings serving an adjoining ramp run or stairway.

3. Edge protection is not required on the sides of ramp
landings having a vertical dropoff of not more than
0.5 inch (12.7 mm) within 10 inches (254 mm) hori-
zontally of the required landing area.

1010.9.1 Curb, rail, wall or barrier. A curb, rail, wall or
barrier shall be provided that prevents the passage of a
4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere, where any portion of the
sphere is within 4 inches (102 mm) of the floor or ground
surface.

1010.9.2 Extended floor or ground surface. The floor or
ground surface of the ramp run or landing shall extend 12
inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a
handrail complying with Section 1012.

1010.10 Guards. Guards shall be provided where required by
Section 1013 and shall be constructed in accordance with Sec-
tion 1013.

SECTION 1011
EXIT SIGNS

1011.1 Where required. Exits and exit access doors shall be
marked by an approved exit sign readily visible from any direc-
tion of egress travel. Access to exits shall be marked by readily
visible exit signs in cases where the exit or the path of egress
travel is not immediately visible to the occupants. Exit sign

placement shall be such that no point in a corridor is more than
100 feet (30 480 mm) or the hsted viewing distance for the sign,
whichever is less, from the nearest visible exit sign.

Exceptions:

1. Exit signs are not required in rooms or areas that re-
quire only one exit or exit access.

2. Main exterior exit doors or gates that are obviously
and clearly identifiable as exits need not have exit
signs where approved by the building official.

3. Exit signs are not required in occupancies in Group U
and individual sleeping units or dwelling units in
Group R-l,R-2 or R-3.

4. Exit signs are not required Group 1-3 occupancies
where inmates are housed or held.

5. In occupancies in Groups A-4 and A-5, exit signs are
not required on the seating side of vomitories or open-
ings into seating areas where exit signs are provided
in the concourse that are readily apparent from the
vomitories. Egress hghting is provided to identify
each vomitory or opening within the seating area in an
emergency.

1011.2 Dlumination. Exit signs shall be internally or exter-
nally illuminated.

Exception: Tactile signs required by Section 1011.3 need
not be provided with illumination.

7 y-> t T O

xvxx.j xaCiiic exii Signs. rOr irie purposes OJ oecuun luii.j,
the term "tactile exit signs" shall mean those required signs
that comply with Section 1117B.5.1, Item 1. Tactile exit signs
shall be required at the following locations:

1. Each grade-level exterior exit door shall be identified by
a tactile exit sign with the word, "EXIT."

2. Each exit door that leads directly to a grade-level exte-
rior exit by means of a stairway or ramp shall be identi-
fied by a tactile exit sign with the following words as
appropriate:

a. "EXIT STAIR DOWN"

b. "EXIT RAMP DOWN"

c. "EXIT STAIR UP"
d "EXIT RAMP UP"

3. Each exit door that leads directly to a grade-level exte-
rior exit by means of an exit enclosure that does not uti-
lize a stair or ramp, or by means of an exit passageway,
shall be identified by a tactile exit sign with the words
"EXIT ROUTE."

4. Each exit access door from an interior room or area that
is required to have a visual exit sign, shall be identified by
a tactile exit sign with the words, "EXIT ROUTE."

5. Each exit door through a horizontal exit shall be identi-
fied by a tactile exit sign with the words "TO EXIT."

1011.4 Internally illuminated exit signs. Internally illumi-
nated exit signs shall be listed and labeled and shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and Section
2702. Exit signs shall be illuminated at all times.

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1011.5 Externally illuminated exit signs. Externally illumi-
nated exit signs shall comply with Sections 1011.5.1 through
1011.5.3.

1011.5.1 Graphics. Every exit sign and directional exit sign
shall have plainly legible letters not less than 6 inches (152
mm) high with flie principal strokes of the letters not less
than 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) wide. The word "EXIT" shall
have letters having a width not less than 2 inches (51 mm)
wide, except the letter "I," and the minimum spacing
between letters shall not be less than 0.375 inch (9.5 mm).
Signs larger than the minimum established in this section
shall have letter widths, strokes and spacing in proportion to
their height.

The word "EXIT" shall be in high contrast with the back-
ground and shall be clearly discernible when the means of
exit sign illumination is or is not energized. If a chevron
directional indicator is provided as part of the exit sign, the
construction shall be such that the direction of the chevron
directional indicator cannot be readily changed.

1011.5.2 Exit sign illumination. The face of an exit sign
illuminated from an external source shall have an intensity
of not less than 5 foot-candles (54 lux).

1011.5.3 Power source. Exit signs shall be illuminated at
all times. To ensure continued illumination for a duration of
not less than 90 minutes in case of primary power loss, the
sign illumination means shall be connected to an emergency
power system provided from storage batteries, unit equip-
ment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emer-
gency power system shall be in accordance with Section
2702.

Exception: Approved exit sign illumination means that
provide continuous illumination independent of external
power sources for a duration of not less than 90 minutes,
in case of primary power loss, are not required to be con-
nected to an emergency electrical system.

1011.6 Floor-level exit signs. [SFM] Where exit signs are
required by Chapter 10, additional approved floor-level exit
signs which are internally or externally illuminated,
photoluminescent or self-luminous shall be provided in all
interior corridors of Group A, E, I, R-1, R-2 andR-4 occupan-
cies.

Exceptions:

1. Where path marking complying with Section 1011.7
is provided.

2. Group 1-3 occupancies.

The bottom of the sign shall not be less than 6 inches (152
mm) or more than 8 inches (203 mm) above the floor level and
shall indicate the path of exit travel. For exit and exit-access
doors, the sign shall be on the door or adjacent to the door with
the closest edge of the sign or marker within 4 inches (102 mm)
of the doorframe.

1011. 7 Path marking. [SFM] When exit signs are required by
Chapter 10, approved path marking shall be installed at floor
level or no higher than 8 inches (203 mm) above the floor level
in all interior corridors of Group A, E, I, R-1, R-2 and R-4
occupancies.

Such marking shall be continuous except as interrupted by
doorways, corridors or other such architectural features in
order to provide a visible delineation along the path of travel
and shall comply with Section 1011.5.3.

Exceptions:

1. Where floor level exit signs complying with Section
1011.6 are provided.

2. Group 1-3 occupancies.

SECTION 1012
HANDRAILS

[DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this section,
means of egress, whichprovide access to, or egress from, build-
ings or facilities where accessibility is required for applica-
tions listed in Section 109.1 regulated by the Division of the
State Architect— Access Compliance, shall also comply with
Chapter llA or Chapter IIB, Section 1133B.4'.l, as applica-
ble.

1012.1 Where required. Handrails for stairways and ramps
shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance
with Section 1607.7. Handrails required for stairways by Sec-
tion 1009.10 shall comply with Sections 1012.2 through
1012.8. Handrails required for ramps by Section 1010.8 shall
comply with Sections 1012.2 through 1012.7.

1012.2 Height. Handrail height, measured above stair tread
nosings, or finish surface of ramp slope shall be uniform, not
less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965
mm).

1012.3 Handrail graspability. Handrails with a circular
cross-section shall have an outside diameter of at least 1.25
inches (32 mm) and not greater than 2 inches (5 1 mm) or shall
provide equivalent graspability. If the handrail is not circular, it
shall have a perimeter dimension of at least 4 inches (102 mm)
and not greater than 6.25 inches (160 mm) with a maximum
cross-section dimension of 2.25 inches (57 mm). Edges shall
have a minimum radius of 0.01 inch (0.25 mm).

1012.4 Continuity. Handrail-gripping surfaces shall be con-
tinuous, without interruption by newel posts or other obstruc-
tions.

Exceptions:

1 . Handrails within dweUing units are permitted to be in-
terrupted by a newel post at a stair or ramp landing.

2. Within a dwelling unit, the use of a volute, turnout or
starting easing is allowed on the lowest tread.

3. Handrail brackets or balusters attached to the bottom
surface of the handrail that do not project horizontally
beyond the sides of the handrail within 1.5 inches (38
mm) of the bottom of the handrail shall not be consid-
ered obstructions. For each 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of ad-
ditional handrail perimeter dimension above 4 inches
(102 mm), the vertical clearance dimension of 1.5
inches (38 mm) shall be permitted to be reduced by
0.125 inch (3 mm).

1012.5 Handrail extensions. Handrails shall return to a wall,
guard or the walking surface or shall be continuous to the hand-

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rail of an adjacent stair flight or ramp run. At stairways where
handrails are not continuous between flights, the handrails
shall extend horizontally at least 12 inches (305 mm) beyond
the top riser and continue to slope for the depth of one tread
beyond the bottom riser. At ramps where handrails are not con-
tinuous between runs, the handrails shall extend horizontally
above the landing 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the
top and bottom of ramp runs.

Exceptions:

1 . Handrails within a dwelling unit that is not required to
be accessible need extend only from the top riser to
the bottom riser.

2. Aisle handrails in Group A occupancies in accor-
dance with Section 1025.13.

1012.6 Clearance. Clear space between a handrail and a wall
or other surface shall be a minimum of 1.5 inches (38 mm). A
handrail and a wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail
shall be free of any sharp or abrasive elements.

1012.7 Projections. On ramps, the clear width between hand-
rails shall be 36 inches (914 mm) minimum. Projections into
the required width of stairways and ramps at each handrail shall
not exceed 4.5 inches (114 mm) at or below the handrail height.
Projections into the required width shall not be limited above
the minimum headroom height required in Section 1009.2.

In Group 1-2 occupancy, on ramps and stairways used for
the movement of bed and litter patients, the clear width
between handrails shall he 44 inches (1118 m.m) miniw.um.

1012.8 Intermediate handrails. Stairways shall have inter-
mediate handrails located in such a maimer that all portions of
the stairway width required for egress capacity are within 30
inches (762 mm) of a handrail. On monumental stairs, hand-
rails shall be located along the most direct path of egress travel.

SECTION 1013
GUARDS

1013.1 Where required. Guards shall be located along
open-sided walking surfaces, mezzanines, industrial equip-
ment platforms, stairways, ramps and landings that are located
more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below.
Guards shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accor-
dance with Section 1607.7. Where glass is used to provide a
guard or as a portion of the guard system, the guard shall also
comply with Section 2407. Guards shall also be located along
glazed sides of stairways, ramps and landings that are located
more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below
where the glazing provided does not meet the strength and
attachment requirements in Section 1607.7.

Exception: Guards are not requhed for the following loca-
tions:

1 . On the loading side of loading docks or piers.

2. On the audience side of stages and raised platforms,
including steps leading up to the stage and raised plat-
forms.

3 . On raised stage and platform floor areas, such as run-
ways, ramps and side stages used for entertainment or
presentations.

4. At vertical openings in the performance area of stages
and platforms.

5. At elevated walking surfaces appurtenant to stages
and platforms for access to and utilization of special
lighting or equipment.

6. Along vehicle service pits not accessible to the pubhc.

7. In assembly seating where guards in accordance with
Section 1025.14 are permitted and provided.

1013.2 Height. Guards shall form a protective barrier not less
than 42 inches (1067 mm) high, measured vertically above the
leading edge of the tread, adjacent walking surface or adjacent
seatboard.

Exceptions:

1. For occupancies in Group R-3, and within individual
dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2, guards
whose top rail also serves as a handrail shall have a
height not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more
than 3 8 inches (965 mm) measured vertically from the
leading edge of the stair tread nosing.

2. The height in assembly seating areas shall be in accor-
dance with Section 1025. 14.

1013.3 Opening limitations. Open guards shall have balusters
or ornamental patterns such that a 4-inch-diameter (102 mm)
sphere cannot pass through any opening.

Exceptions:

1 . The triangular openings formed by the riser, tread and
bottom rail at the open side of a stairway shall be of a
maximum size such that a sphere of 6 inches (152
mm) in diameter cannot pass through the opening.

2. At elevated walking surfaces for access to and use of
electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems or equip-
ment, guards shall have balusters or be of solid mate-
rials such that a sphere with a diameter of 21 inches
(533 mm) cannot pass through any opening.

3. In areas that are not open to the pubUc within occu-
pancies in Group 1-3, F, H or S, balusters, horizontal
intermediate rails or other construction shall iiot per-
mit a sphere with a diameter of 21 inches (533 mm) to
pass through any opening.

4. In assembly seating areas, guards at the end of aisles
where they terminate at a fascia of boxes, balconies
and galleries shall have balusters or ornamental pat-
terns such that a 4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere
cannot pass through any opening up to a height of 26
inches (660 mm). From a height of 26 inches (660
mm) to 42 inches (1067 mm) above the adjacent
walking surfaces, a sphere 8 inches (203 mm) in
diameter shall not pass.

5. Within individual dwelling units and sleeping units in
Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies, openings for re-
quired guards on the sides of stair treads shall not al-
low a sphere of 4.375 inches (111 mm) to pass
through.

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1013.4 Screen porches. Porches and decks which are enclosed
with insect screening shall be provided with guards where the
walking surface is located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above
the floor or grade below.

1013.5 Mechanical equipment. Guards shall be provided
where appliances, equipment, fans, roof hatch openings or
other components that require service are located within 1 feet
(3048 mm) of a roof edge or open side of a walking surface and
such edge or open side is located more than 30 inches (762 nun)
above the floor, roof or grade below. The guard shall be con-
structed so as to prevent the passage of a 21-inch-diameter (533
mm) sphere. The guard shall extend not less than 30 inches
(762 mm) beyond each end of such appliance, equipment, fan
or component.

1013.6 Roof access. Guards shall be provided where the roof
hatch opening is located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a roof
edge or open side of a walking surface and such edge or open
side is located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor,
roof or grade below. The guard shall be constructed so as to pre-
vent the passage of a 21-inch-diameter (533 mm) sphere.

SECTION 1014
EXIT ACCESS

1014.1 General. The exit access arrangement shall comply
with Sections 1014 through 1017 and the applicable provisions
of Sections 1003 through 1013.

1014.2 Egress through intervening spaces. Egress through
intervening spaces shall comply with this section.

1. Egress from a room or space shall not pass through ad-
joining or intervening rooms or areas, except where such
adjoining rooms or areas are accessory to the area served,
are not a high-hazard occupancy and provide a discern-
ible path of egress travel to an exit.

Exception: Means of egress are not prohibited
through adjoining or intervening rooms or spaces in a
Group H, S or F occupancy when the adjoining or
intervening rooms or spaces are the same or a lesser
hazard occupancy group.

2. Egress shall not pass through kitchens, storage rooms,
closets or spaces used for similar purposes.

Exceptions:

1. Means of egress are not prohibited through a
kitchen area serving adjoining rooms constitut-
ing part of the same dweUing unit or sleeping
unit.

2. Means of egress are not prohibited through
stockrooms in Group M occupancies when all
of the following are met:

2.1. The stock is of the same hazard classifi-
cation as that found in the main retail

area;

2.2. Not more than 50 percent of the exit ac-
cess is through the stockroom;

2.3. The stockroom is not subject to locking
from the egress side; and

2.4. There is a demarcated, minimum
44-inch- wide (1118 mm) aisle defined
by full or partial height fixed walls or
similar construction that will maintain
the required width and lead directly
from the retail area to the exit without
obstructions.

3. An exit access shall not pass through a room
that can be locked to prevent egress.

4. [HCD 1] Except for one- and two- family dwell-
ings and townhouses, means of egress from
dwelling units or sleeping areas shall not lead
through other sleeping areas, toilet rooms or
bathrooms.

5. [HCD 1] For one- and two- family dwellings
and townhouses, means of egress is allowed to
pass through rooms and intervening spaces ex-
cept garages.

3. Exits shall not pass through any room subject to locking
except in Group 1-3 occupancies classified as detention
facilities.

1014.2.1 Multiple tenants. Where more than one tenant
occupies any one floor of a building or structure, each tenant
space, dwelling unit and sleeping unit shall be provided with
access to the required exits without passing through adja-
cent tenant spaces, dwelling units and sleeping units.

Exception: Means of egress shall not be prohibited
through adjoining tenant space where such rooms or
spaces occupy less than lO.percent of the area of the ten-
ant space through which they pass; are the same or simi-
lar occupancy group; a discemable path of egress travel
to an exit is provided; and the means of egress into the
adjoining space is not subject to locking from the egress
side. A required means of egress serving the larger tenant
space shall not pass through the smaller tenant space or
spaces.

1014.2.2 Group 1-2. Habitable rooms or suites in Group 1-2
occupancies shall have an exit access door leading directly
to a corridor.

Exceptions:

1 . Rooms with exit doors opening directly to the out-
side at ground level.

2. Patient sleeping rooms are permitted to have one
intervening room if the intervening room is not
used as an exit access for more than eight patient
beds.

3 . Special nursing suites are permitted to have one in-
tervening room where the arrangement allows for
direct and constant visual supervision by nursing
personnel.

4. For rooms other than patient sleeping rooms lo-
cated within a suite, exit access travel from within
the suite shall be permitted through one interven-
ing room where the travel distance to the exit ac-
cess door is not greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm).

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5. For rooms other tfian patient sleeping rooms lo-
cated within a suite, exit access travel from within
the suite shall be permitted through two interven-
ing rooms where the travel distance to the exit ac-
cess door is not greater than 50 feet (15 240 mm).

Suites of sleeping rooms shall not exceed 5,000 square
feet (465 m^). Suites of rooms other than patient sleeping
rooms shall not exceed 10,000 square feet (929 m^). Any
patient sleeping room, or any suite that includes patient
sleeping rooms, of more than 1 ,000 square feet (93 m^) shall
have at least two exit access doors remotely located from
each other. Any room or suite of rooms other than patient
sleeping rooms of more than 2,500 square feet (232 m^)
shall have at least two access doors remotely located from
each other. The travel distance between any point in a Group
1-2 occupancy and an exit access door in the room shall not
exceed 50 feet (15 240 nmi). The travel distance between
any point in a suite of sleeping rooms and an exit access door
of that suite shall not exceed 100 feet (30 480 mm).

Each suite of rooms shall be separated from the remain-
der of the building by not less than a 1 -hour fire barrier.

Egress for portions of the building outside the suite shall
not require passage through the suite.

1014.2.2.1 Basement exits. All rooms below grade shall
have not less than one exit access that leads directly to an
exterior exit door opening directly to an exit discharge at
grade plane or the public way.

1014.3 Common path of egress travel. In occupancies other
than Groups H-1, H-2 and H-3, the common path of egress
travel shall not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm). In Group H-1, H-2
and H-3 occupancies, the common path of egress travel shall
not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm). For common path of egress
travel in Group A occupancies having fixed seating, see Sec-
tion 1025.8.

Exceptions:

1 . The length of a common path of egress travel in Group
B , F and S occupancies shall not be more than 100 feet
(30 480 mm), provided that the building is equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in-
stalled in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

2. Where a tenant space in Group B, S and U occupan-
cies has an occupant load of not more than 30, the
length of a common path of egress travel shall not be
more than 100 feet (30 480 mm).

3. The length of a common path of egress travel in a
Group 1-3 occupancy shall not be more than 100 feet
(30 480 nun).

4. The length of a common path of egress travel in a
Group R-2 occupancy shall not be more than 125 feet
(38 100 mm), provided that the building is protected
throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

1014.4 Aisles. Aisles serving as a portion of the exit access in
the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements
of this section. Aisles shall be provided from all occupied por-

tions of the exit access which contain seats, tables, furnishings,
displays and similar fixtures or equipment. Aisles serving
assembly areas, other than seating at tables, shall comply with
Section 1025. Aisles serving reviewing stands, grandstands
and bleachers shall also comply with Section 1025.

The required width of aisles shall be unobstructed.

Exception: Doors, when fully opened, and handrails shall
not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches (178
mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the required
width by more than one-half. Other nonstructural projec-
tions such as trim and similar decorative features are permit-
ted to project into the required width 1.5 inches (38 mm)
from each side.

1014.4.1 Aisles in Groups B and M. In Group B and M
occupancies, the minimum clear aisle width shall be deter-
mined by Section 1005.1 for the occupant load served, but
shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm).

Exception: Nonpublic aisles serving less than 50 people
and not required to be accessible by Chapter IIB (see
Sections 1103B.1, Exception 2, andll23B.2, exception)
need not exceed 28 inches (711 mm) in width.

1014.4.2 Aisle accessways in Group M. An aisle
accessway shall be provided on at least one side of each ele-
ment within the merchandise pad. The minimum clear
width for an aisle accessway not required to be accessible
shall be 30 inches (762 mm). The required clear width of the
aisle accessway shall be measured perpendicular to the ele-
ments and merchandise within the merchandise pad. The
30-inch (762 mm) minimum clear width shall be maintained
to provide a path to an adjacent aisle or aisle accessway. The
common path of travel shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm)
from any point in the merchandise pad.

Exception: For areas serving not more than 50 occu-
pants, the common path of travel shall not exceed 75 feet
(22 880 mm).

1014.4.3 Seating at tables. Where seating is located at a
table or counter and is adjacent to an aisle or aisle
accessway, the measurement of required clear width of the
aisle or aisle accessway shall be made to a line 19 inches
(483 mm) away from and parallel to the edge of the table or
counter. The 19-inch (483 mm) distance shall be measured
perpendicular to the side of the table or counter. In the case
of other side boundaries for aisle or aisle accessways, the
clear width shall be measured to walls, edges of seating and
tread edges, except that handrail projections are permitted.

Exception: Where tables or counters are served by fixed
seats, the width of the aisle accessway shall be measured
from the back of the seat.

314

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

1014.4.3.1 Aisle accessway for tables and seating.

Aisle accessways serving arrangements of seating at
tables or counters shall have sufficient clear width to con-
form to the capacity requirements of Section 1005. 1 but
shall not have less than the appropriate minimum clear
width specified in Section 1014.4.3.2.

1014.4.3.2 Table and seating accessway width. Aisle
accessways shall provide a minimum of 12 inches (305
mm) of width plus 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of width for each
additional 1 foot (305 nun), or fraction thereof, beyond
12 feet (3658 mm) of aisle accessway length measured
from the center of the seat farthest from an aisle.

Exception: Portions of an aisle accessway having a
length not exceeding 6 feet (1829 mm) and used by a
total of not more than four persons.

1014.4.3.3 Table and seating aisle accessway length.

The length of travel along the aisle accessway shall not
exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) from any seat to the point
where a person has a choice of two or more paths of
egress travel to separate exits.

1014.5 Egress balconies. Balconies used for egress purposes
shall conform to the same requirements as corridors for width,
headroom, dead ends and projections.

1014.5.1 Wall separation. Exterior egress balconies shall
be separated from the interior of the building by walls and
opening protectives as required for corridors.

Exception: Separation is not required where the exterior
egress balcony is served by at least two stairs and a
dead-end travel condition does not require travel past an
unprotected opening to reach a stair.

1014.5.2 Openness. The long side of an egress balcony
shall be at least 50 percent open, and the open area above the
guards shall be so distributed as to minimize the accumula-
tion of smoke or toxic gases.

SECTION 1015
EXIT AND EXIT ACCESS DOORWAYS

1015.1 Exit or exit access doorways required. Two exits or
exit access doorways from any space shall be provided where
one of the following conditions exists:

1 . The occupant load of the space exceeds the values in Ta-
ble 1015.1.

2. The common path of egress travel exceeds the limita-
tions of Section 1014.3.

3. Where required by Sections 1015.3, 1015.4 and 1015.5.

4. In holding cells, such as are found in courthouse build-
ings, a minimum of two means of egress shall be provided
when the occupant load is more than 20.

Exception: Group 1-2 occupancies shall comply with Sec-
tion 1014.2.2.

1015.1.1 Three or more exits. Access to three or more exits
shall be provided from a floor area where required by Sec-
tion 1019.1.

TABLE 1015.1
SPACES WITH ONE MEANS OF EGRESS

OCCUPANCY

MAXIMUM OCCUPANT LOAD

A, B,E^ F, M, U

H-l,H-2,H-3

H-4,H-5, 1-1,1-3, 1-4, R

a. Day care maximum occupant load is 10.

1015.2 Exit or exit access doorway arrangement. Required
exits shall be located in a manner that makes their availability
obvious. Exits shall be unobstructed at all times. Exit and exit
access doorways shall be arranged in accordance with Sections
1015.2.1 and 1015.2.2.

1015.2.1 Two exits or exit access doorways. Where two
exits or exit access doorways are required from any portion
of the exit access, the exit doors or exit access doorways
shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than
one-half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served measured in a
straight line between exit doors or exit access doorways.
Interlocking or scissor stairs shall be counted as one exit
stairway.

Exceptions:

1. Where exit enclosures are provided as a portion of
the required exit and are interconnected by a
1-hour fire-resistance-rated corridor conforming
to the requirements of Section 1017, the required
exit separation shall be measured along the short-
est direct line of travel within the corridor.

2. Where a building is equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the separation dis-
tance of the exit doors or exit access doorways
shall not be less than one-third of the length of the
maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area
served.

1015.2.2 Three or more exits or exit access doorways.

Where access to three or more exits is required, at least two
exit doors or exit access doorways shall be arranged in
accordance with the provisions of Section 1015.2.1.

1015.3 Boiler, incinerator and furnace rooms. Two exit
access doorways are required in boiler, incinerator and furnace
rooms where the area is over 500 square feet (46 m^) and any
fuel-fired equipment exceeds 400,000 British thermal units
(Btu) (422 000 KJ) input capacity. Where two exit access door-
ways are required, one is permitted to be a fixed ladder or an
alternating tread device. Exit access doorways shall be sepa-
rated by a horizontal distance equal to one-half the length of the
maximum overall diagonal dimension of the room.

1015.4 Refrigeration machinery rooms. Machinery rooms
larger than 1,000 square feet (93 m^) shall have not less than
two exits or exit access doors. Where two exit access doorways
are required, one such doorway is permitted to be served by a
fixed ladder or an alternating tread device. Exit access door-

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

315

MEANS OF EGRESS

ways shall be separated by a horizontal distance equal to
one-half the maximum horizontal dimension of room.

All portions of machinery rooms shall be within 150 feet (45
720 mm) of an exit or exit access doorway. An increase in travel
distance is permitted in accordance with Section 1016.1.

Doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel, regardless
of the occupant load served. Doors shall be tight fitting and
self-closing.

1015.5 Refrigerated rooms or spaces. Rooms or spaces hav-
ing a floor area of 1 ,000 square feet (93 m^) or more, containing
a refrigerant evaporator and maintained at a temperature below
68°F (20°C), shall have access to not less than two exits or exit
access doors.

Travel distance shall be determined as specified in Section
1016. 1 , but all portions of a refrigerated room or space shall be
within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of an exit or exit access door
where such rooms are not protected by an approved automatic
sprinkler system. Egress is allowed through adjoining refriger-
ated rooms or spaces.

Exception: Where using refrigerants in quantities limited
to the amounts based on the volume set forth in the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code.

1015.6 Stage means of egress. Where two means of egress are
required, based on the stage size or occupant load, one means
of egress shall be provided on each side of the stage.

1015.6.1 Gallery, gridiron and catwalk means of egress.

The means of egress frnm liphtinp and access ratwalks, gal-
leries and gridirons shall meet the requirements for occu-
pancies in Group F-2.

Exceptions:

1. A minimum width of 22 inches (559 mm) is per-
mitted for lighting and access catwalks.

2. Spiral stairs are permitted in the means of egress.

3. Stairways required by this subsection need not be
enclosed.

4. Stan-ways with a minimum width of 22 inches (559
mm), ladders, or spiral stairs are permitted in the
means of egress.

5. A second means of egress is not required from
these areas where a means of escape to a floor or to
a roof is provided. Ladders, alternating tread de-
vices or spiral stairs are permitted in the means of
escape.

6. Ladders are permitted in the means of egress.

1015. 7 Large-family day care home. Every story or basement
of a large-family day care home shall beprovidedwith two exits
which are remotely locatedfrom each other. Every required exit
shall be of a size to permit the installation of a door not less
than 32 inches (813 mm) in clear width and not less than 6 feet
8 inches (2032 mm) in height. A manually operated horizontal
sliding door may be used as one of the two required exits.

Where basements are used for day care purposes, one of the
two required exits shall provide access directly to the exterior
without entering the first story. The second exit from the base-

ment may either pass through the story above or exit directly to
the exterior.

Rooms used for day care purposes shall not be located above
the first story.

Exception: Buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler
system throughout and which have at least one of the
required exits providing access directly to the exterior.
NFPA 13R may be used in large-family day care homes. The
sprinkler omissions of NFPA 13R shall not apply unless
approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

Exit doors, including manually operated horizontal sliding
doors, shall be openablefrom the inside without use of a key or
any special knowledge or effort.

Tables 1019.1 and 1019.2 are not applicable to this occu-
pancy classification.

SECTION 1016
EXIT ACCESS TRAVEL DISTANCE

1016.1 Travel distance limitations. Exits shall be so located
on each story such that the maximum length of exit access
travel, measured from the most remote point within a story to
the entrance to an exit along the natural and unobstructed path
of egress travel, shall not exceed the distances given in Table
1016.1.

Where the path of exit access includes unenclosed stairways
or ramps within the exit access or includes unenclosed exit
ramps or stairways as permitted in Section 1020. 1 , the distance
of travel on such means of egress components shall also be
included in the travel distance measurement. The measurement
along stairways shall be made on a plane parallel and tangent to
the stair tread nosings in the center of the stairway.

Exceptions:

1. Travel distance in open parking garages is permitted
to be measured to the closest riser of open stairs.

2. In outdoor facilities with open exit access compo-
nents and open exterior stairs or ramps, travel distance
is permitted to be measured to the closest riser of a
stair or the closest slope of the ramp.

3. Where an exit stair is permitted to be unenclosed in
accordance with Exception 8 or 9 of Section 1020.1,
the travel distance shall be measured from the most re-
mote point within a building to an exit discharge.

1016.2 Roof vent increase. In buildings that are one story in
height, equipped with automatic heat and smoke roof vents
complying with Section 910 and equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3. 1 . 1, the maximum exit access travel distance shall be 400
feet (122 m) for occupancies in Group F-1 or S-1.

1016.3 Exterior egress balcony increase. Travel distances
specified in Section 1016.1 shall be increased up to an addi-
tional 100 feet (30 480 mm) provided the last portion of the exit
access leading to the exit occurs on an exterior egress balcony
constructed in accordance with Section 1014.5. The length of
such balcony shall not be less than the amount of the increase
taken.

316

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

TABLE 1016.1
EXIT ACCESS TRAVEL DISTANCE^

OCCUPANCY

WITHOUT SPRINKLER

SYSTEM

(feet)

WITH SPRINKLER

SYSTEM

(feet)

A,E,F-1,I-1,M,
R,S-1

200

250''

200

300=

F-2, S-2, U

300

400=

H-1

Not Permitted

75=

H-2

Not Permitted

100=

H-3

Not Permitted

150=

H-4

Not Permitted

175=

H-5

Not Permitted

200=

1-2, 1-3'', 1-4

150

200=

Not Permitted

10(y

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. See the following sections for modifications to exit access travel distance
requirements:

Section 402: For the distance limitation in malls.

Section 404: For the distance limitation through an atrium space.

Section 1016.2 For increased limitations in Groups F-1 and S-1.

Section 1025.7: For increased limitation in assembly seating.

Section 1025.7: For increased limitation for assembly open-air seating.

Section 1019.2: For buildings with one exit.

Chapter 31: For the limitation in temporary structures.

b. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. See Section 903 for occupancies
where automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2 are
permitted.

c. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1.

d. Not permitted in nonsprinklered Group 1-3 occupancies.

SECTION 1017
CORRIDORS

1017.1 Construction. Corridors shall be fire-resistance rated
in accordance with Table 1017.1. The corridor walls required

MEANS OF EGRESS

to be fire-resistance rated shall comply with Section 708 for
fire partitions.

Exceptions:

1 . A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in
an occupancy in Group E where each room that is
used for instruction has at least one door directly to
the exterior and rooms for assembly purposes have at
least one-half of the required means of egress doors
opening directly to the exterior. Exterior doors speci-
fied in this exception are required to be at ground
level.

2. A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors
contained within a dwelling or sleeping unit in an oc-
cupancy in Group R.

3. A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in
open parking garages.

4. A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in
an occupancy in Group B which is a space requiring
only a single means of egress complying with Section
1015.1.

1017.2 Corridor width. The minimum corridor width shall be
as determined in Section 1005.1, but not less than 44 inches
(1118 mm).

Exceptions:

1 . Twenty-four inches (610 mm) — For access to and uti-
Hzation of electrical, mechanical or plumbing sys-
tems or equipment.

2. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) — ^With a required occu-
pant capacity of less than 50.

3. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) — ^Within a dwelling unit.

4. Seventy-two inches (1829 mm) — In Group E with a
corridor having a required capacity of 100 or more.

5 . Seventy-two inches ( 1 829 mm) — In corridors serving
surgical Group I, health care centers for ambulatory
patients receiving outpatient medical care, which
causes the patient to be not capable of self-preserva-
tion.

TABLE 1017.1
CORRIDOR FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING

OCCUPANCY

OCCUPANT LOAD SERVED BY CORRIDOR

REQUIRED FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

Without sprinkler system

With sprinkler system"

H-1, H-2, H-3, L

All

Not Permitted

H-4, H-5

Greater than 30

NotPermitted

A"", B, F, M, S, U

Greater than 30

Greater than 10

Not Permitted

I-2», 7-2.7, 1-4

Greater than 6

Not Permitted

1-1,1-3

Greater than 6

Not Permitted

Greater than 10

a. For requirements for occupancies in Group 1-2, see Section 407.3.

b. For a reduction in the fire-resistance rating for occupancies in Group 1-3, see Section 408.7.

c. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 where alloved.

d. [SFM] See Section 1025.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

317

MEANS OF EGRESS

6. Ninety-six inches (2438 mm) — In Group 1-2 in areas
where required for bed movement.

7. Corridors serving any area caring for one or more
nonambulatory persons shall not be less than 8 feet
(2438 mm) in width.

1017.3 Dead ends. Where more than one exit or exit access
doorway is required, the exit access shall be arranged such that
there are no dead ends in corridors more than 20 feet (6096
mm) in length.

Exceptions:

1. In occupancies in Group 1-3 of Occupancy Condition
2, 3 or 4 (see Section 308.4), the dead end in a corridor
shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm).

2. In occupancies in Groups B and F where the building
is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the
length of dead-end corridors shall not exceed 50 feet
(15 240 mm).

3. A dead-end corridor shall not be limited in length
where the length of the dead-end corridor is less than
2.5 times the least width of the dead-end corridor.

1017.4 Air movement in corridors. Corridors shall not serve
as supply, return, exhaust, relief or ventilation air ducts when
required to be fire-resistive rated in accordance with Table
1017.1.

Exceptions:

1 . Use of a corridor as a source of makeup air for exhaust
systems in small rooms of 30 square feet (2.8 m^) or
less that open directly onto such corridors, including
toilet rooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms, and janitor
closets, shall be permitted, provided that each such
corridor is directly supplied with outdoor air at a rate
greater than the rate of makeup air taken from the cor-
ridor.

2. Where located within a dwelling unit, the use of corri-
dors for conveying return air shall not be prohibited.

3. Where located within tenant spaces of 1,000 square
feet (93 m^) or less in area, utilization of corridors for
conveying return air is permitted.

4. [OSHPD 1, 2, 3 & 4] For restrictions on the use of
corridors to convey air, see Chapter 4 of the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code.

5. [SFM] For health care facilities under the jurisdic-
tion of the Office of Statewide Health Planning and
Development (OSHPD), see the California Mechani-
cal Code.

1017.4.1 Corridor ceiling. Use of the space between the
corridor ceiling and the floor or roof structure above as a
return air plenum is permitted for one or more of the follow-
ing conditions:

1. The corridor is not required to be of fire-resis-
tance-rated construction;

2. The corridor is separated from the plenum by fire-re-
sistance-rated construction;

3. The air-handUng system serving the corridor is shut
down upon activation of the air-handling unit smoke
detectors required by the California Mechanical
Code.

4. The air-handling system serving the corridor is shut
down upon detection of sprinkler waterflow where
the building is equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system; or

5. The space between the corridor ceiling and the floor
or roof structure above the corridor is used as a com-
ponent of an approved engineered smoke control
system.

Exception: [OSHPD 1,2, 3 & 4] For restrictions
on the use of the space above a ceiling as a return
air plenum, see Chapter 4 of the California
Mechanical Code,

1017.5 Corridor continuity. Fire-resistance-rated corridors
shall be continuous from the point of entry to an exit, and shall
not be interrupted by intervening rooms.

Exceptions:

1. Foyers, lobbies or reception rooms constructed as re-
quired for corridors shall not be construed as inter-
vening rooms.

2. [SFM] In fully sprinklered office buildings, corridors
may lead through enclosed elevator lobbies if all ar-
eas of the building have access to at least one required
exit without passing through the elevator lobby.

SECTION 1018
EXITS

1018.1 General. Exits shall comply with Sections 1018
through 1023 and the apphcable requirements of Sections 1003
through 1013. An exit shall not be used for any purpose that
interferes with its function as a means of egress. Once a given
level of exit protection is achieved, such level of protection
shall not be reduced until arrival at the exit discharge.

1018.2 Exterior exit doors. Buildings or structures used for
human occupancy shall have at least one exterior door that
meets the requirements of Section 1008.1.1.

1018.2.1 Detailed requirements. Exterior exit doors shall
comply with the applicable requirements of Section 1 008 . 1 .

1018.2.2 Arrangement. Exterior exit doors shall lead
directly to the exit discharge or the public way.

SECTION 1019
NUMBER OF EXITS AND CONTINUITY

1019.1 Minimum number of exits. All rooms and spaces
within each story shall be provided with and have access to the
minimum number of approved independent exits required by
Table 1019.1 basedontheoccupantloadof the story, except as
modified in Section 1015.1 or 1019.2. For the purposes of this
chapter, occupied roofs shall be provided with exits as required
for stories. The required number of exits from any story, base-

318

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

ment or individual space shall be maintained until arrival at
grade or the public way.

TABLE 1019.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXITS FOR OCCUPANT LOAD

OCCUPANT LOAD
(persons per story)

MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXITS
(per story)

1-500

501-1,000

More than 1,000

1019.1.1 Parking structures. Parking structures shall not
have less than two exits from each parking tier, except that
only one exit is required where vehicles are mechanically
parked. Vehicle ramps shall not be considered as required
exits unless pedestrian facilities are provided.

1019.1.2 Helistops. The means of egress from helistops
shall comply with the provisions of this chapter, provided
that landing areas located on buildings or structures shall
have two or more exits. For landing platforms or roof areas
less than 60 feet (18288 mm) long, or less than 2,000 square
feet (186 m^) in area, the second means of egress is permit-
ted to be a fire escape or ladder leading to the floor below.

1019.2 Buildings with one exit. Only one exit shall be
required in buildings as described below:

1. Buildings described in Table 1019.2, provided that the
building has not more than one level below the first story
above grade plane.

2. Buildings of Group R-3 occupancy.

3. Single-level buildings with the occupied space at the
level of exit discharge provided that tiie story or space
complies with Section 1015.1 as a space with one means
of egress.

1019.3 Exit continuity. Exits shall be continuous from the
point of entry into the exit to the exit discharge.

1019.4 Exit door arrangement. Exit door arrangement shall
meet the requirements of Sections 1015.2 through 1015.2.2.

SECTION 1020
VERTICAL EXIT ENCLOSURES

1020.1 Enclosures required. Interior exit stairways and inte-
rior exit ramps shall be enclosed with fire barriers constructed
in accordance with Section 706 or horizontal assemblies con-
structed in accordance with Section 711, or both. Exit enclo-
sures shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours
where connecting four stories or more and not less than 1 hour
where connecting less than four stories. The number of stories
connected by the exit enclosure shall include any basements
but not any mezzanines. An exit enclosure shall not be used for
any purpose other than means of egress.

Exceptions:

1 . In all occupancies, other than Group H and I occupan-
cies, a stairway is not required to be enclosed when
the stairway serves an occupant load of less than 10
and the stairway complies with either Item 1 . 1 or 1 .2.
In all cases, the maximum number of connecting open
stories shall not exceed two.

1.1. The stairway is open to not more than one
story above the story at the level of exit dis-
charge; or

1.2. The stairway is open to not more than one
story below the story at the level of exit dis-
charge.

2. Exits in buildings of Group A-5 where all portions of
the means of egress are essentially open to the outside
need not be enclosed.

3. Stairways serving and contained within a single resi-
dential dwelling unit or sleeping unit in Group R-1,

TABLE 1019.2
BUILDINGS WITH ONE EXIT

OCCUPANCY

MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDING
ABOVE GRADE PLANE

MAXIMUM OCCUPANTS
(OR DWELLING UNITS) PER FLOOR AND TRAVEL DISTANCE

A, B", E^ F, M, U

1 Story

49 occupants and 75 feet travel distance

H-2, H-3, L

1 Story

3 occupants and 25 feet travel distance

H-4, H-5, 1, R

1 Story

10 occupants and 75 feet travel distance

1-2, 1-2.1

1 Story

7 occupants and 50 feet travel distance

1 Story

29 occupants and 100 feet travel distance

B^ F, M, S»

2 Stories

30 occupants and 75 feet travel distance

R-2

2 Stories'^

4 dwelling units and 50 feet travel distance

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. For the required number of exits for parking structures, see Section 1019.1.1.

b. For tlie required number of exits for air traffic control towers, see Section 412.1.

c. Buildings classified as Group R-2 equipped throughout with an automatic sprinlder system in accordance with Section 903.3. 1 . 1 or 903.3. 1 .2 and provided with
emergency escape and rescue openings in accordance with Section 1026 shall have a maximum height of three stories above-grade plane.

d. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 with an occupancy in Group B shall have a maximum
travel distance of 100 feet.

e. Day care maximum occupant load is 10.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

319

MEANS OF EGRESS

R-2 or R-3 occupancies are not required to be
enclosed.

4. Stairways that are not a required means of egress ele-
ment are not required to be enclosed where such stair-
ways comply with Section 707.2.

5. Stairways in open parking structures that serve only
the parMng structure are not required to be enclosed.

6. Stairways in Group 1-3 occupancies, as provided for
in Section 408.3.6.i, are notrequired to be enclosed.

7. Means of egress stairways as required by Section
410.5.3 are not required to be enclosed.

8. In other than Group H and I occupancies, a maximum
of 50 percent of egress stairways serving one adjacent
floor are not required to be enclosed, provided at least
two means of egress are provided from both floors
served by the unenclosed stairways. Any two such in-
terconnected floors shall not be open to other floors.
Unenclosed exit stairways shall be remotely located
as required in Section 1015.2.

9. In other than Group H and I occupancies, interior
egress stairways serving only the first and second sto-
ries of a building equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 are notrequired to be enclosed, provided at
least two means of egress are provided from both
floors served by the unenclosed stairways. Such inter-
connected stories shall not be open to other stories.
Unenclosed exit stairways shall be remotely located
as required in Section 1015.2.

1020.1.1 Openings and penetrations. Exit enclosure
opening protectives shall be in accordance with the require-
ments of Section 715.

Except as permitted in Section 402.4.6, openings in exit
enclosures other than unprotected exterior openings shall be
limited to those necessary for exit access to the enclosure
from normally occupied spaces and for egress from the
enclosure.

Where interior exit enclosures are extended to the exte-
rior of a building by an exit passageway, the door assembly
from the exit enclosure to the exit passageway shall be pro-
tected by a fire door assembly conforming to the require-
ments in Section 715.4. Fire door assemblies in exit
enclosures shall comply with Section 715.4.4.

Elevators shall not open into an exit enclosure.

1020.1.2 Penetrations. Penetrations into and openings
through an exit enclosure are prohibited except for required
exit doors, equipment and ductwork necessary for inde-
pendent pressurization, sprinkler piping, standpipes, elec-
trical raceway for fire department communication systems
and electrical raceway serving the exit enclosure and termi-
nating at a steel box not exceeding 16 square inches (0.010
m^). Such penetrations shall be protected in accordance with
Section 712. There shall be no penetrations or communica-
tion openings, whether protected or not, between adjacent
exit enclosures.

1020.1.3 Ventilation. Equipment and ductwork for exit
enclosure ventilation as permitted by Section 1020. 1 .2 shall
comply with one of the following items:

1. Such equipment and ductwork shall be located exte-
rior to the building and shall be directly connected to
the exit enclosure by ductwork enclosed in construc-
tion as required for shafts.

2. Where such equipment and ductwork is located
within the exit enclosure, the intake air shall be taken
directly from the outdoors and the exhaust air shall be
discharged directly to the outdoors, or such air shall
be conveyed through ducts enclosed in construction
as required for shafts.

3. Where located within the building, such equipment
and ductwork shall be separated from the remainder
of the building, including other mechanical equip-
ment, with construction as required for shafts.

In each case, openings into the &e-resistance-rated con-
struction shall be limited to those needed for maintenance
and operation and shall be protected by opening protectives
in accordance with Section 715 for shaft enclosures.

Exit enclostire ventilation systems shall be independent
of other building ventilation systems.

1020.1.4 Exit enclosure exterior walls. Exterior walls of
an exit enclosure shall comply with the requirements of Sec-
tion 704 for exterior walls. Where nonrated walls or unpro-
tected openings enclose the exterior of the stairway and the
walls or openings are exposed by other parts of the building
at an angle of less than 180 degrees (3.14 rad), the building
exterior walls within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of a
nonrated wall or unprotected opening shall have a ftre-resis-
tance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings within such
exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives hav-
ing a fire protection rating of not less than % hour. This con-
struction shall extend vertically from the ground to a point
10 feet (3048 mm) above the topmost landing of the stair-
way or to the roof line, whichever is lower.

1020.1.5 Discharge identification barrier. A stairway in
an exit enclosure shall not continue below the level of exit
discharge unless an approved barrier is provided at the level
of exit discharge to prevent persons from unintentionally
continuing into levels below. Directional exit signs shall be
provided as specified in Section 1011.

1020.1.6 Stairway floor number signs. A sign shall be
provided at each floor landing in interior exit enclosures
connecting more than three stories designating the floor
level, the terminus of the top and bottom of the stair enclo-
sure and the identification of the stak. The signage shall also
state the story of, and the direction to the exit discharge and
the availability of roof access from the stairway for the fire
department. The sign shall be located 5 feet (1524 mm)
above the floor landing in a position that is readily visible
when the doors are in the open and closed positions.

1020.1.6.1 Sign details. [SFM] The provisions of this
section shall apply to signs required by Section 1020.1.6.

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1020.1.6.1.1 Size. Signs shall be a minimum 12 inches
(305 mm) by 12 inches (305 mm).

1020.1.6.1.2 Stairway location. The stairway loca-
tion, such as STAIR NO. 1 or WEST STAIR, shall be
placed at the top of the sign in 1 -inch-high (25 mm)
block lettering with '/^-inch (6.4 mm) strokes.

1020.1.6.1.3 Upper terminus. The stairway's upper
terminus, such as ROOF ACCESS or NO ROOF
ACCESS, shall be placed under the stairway identifi-
cation in 1 -inch-high (25 mm) block lettering with
'A-inch (6.4 mm) strokes.

1020.1.6.1.4 Floor level numbering. The floor level
number shall be placed in the middle of the sign in
5-inch-high (127 mm) lettering with ^-inch (19 mm)
strokes. The mezzanine levels shall have the letter
"M" preceding the floor level. Basement levels shall
have the letter "B" preceding the floor number

1020.1.6.1.5 Lower terminus. The lower and upper
terminus of the stairway shall be placed at the bottom
of the sign in 1 -inch-high (25 mm) block lettering with
'/4-inch (6.4 mm) strokes.

[DSA-AC & SFM] 1020.1.6.2 Tactile floor designation
signs in stairways. When accessibility is required, tactile
floor designation signs that comply with Section
1117B.5.1, Item 1, shall be located at the landing of each
floor level, placed adjacent to the door on the latch side,
in all enclosed stairways in buildings two or more stories
in height to identify the floor level. At the exit discharge
level, the sign shall include a raised five-pointed star
located to the left of the identifying floor level. The out-
side diameter of the star shall be the same as the height of
the raised characters.

1020.1.7 Smokeproof enclosures. In buildings required to
comply with Section 403 or 405 of the California Building
Code, each of the exit enclosures shall be a smokeproof
enclosure or pressurized stairway in accordance with Sec-
tion 909.20.

1020.1.7.1 Enclosure exit. A smokeproof enclosure or
pressurized stairway shall exit into a public way or into
an exit passageway, yard or open space having direct
access to a public way. The exit passageway shall be
without other openings and shall be separated from the
remainder of the building by 2-hour fire-resistance-rated
construction.

Exceptions:

1. Openings in the exit passageway serving a
smokeproof enclosure are permitted where the
exit passageway is protected and pressurized in
the same manner as the smokeproof enclosure,
and openings are protected as required for ac-
cess from other floors.

2. A smokeproof enclosure or pressurized stair-
way shall be permitted to egress through areas
on the level of discharge or vestibules as permit-
ted by Section 1024.

1020.1.7.2 Enclosure access. Access to the stairway
within a smokeproof enclosure shall be by way of a vesti-
bule or an open exterior balcony.

SECTION 1021
EXIT PASSAGEWAYS

1021.1 Exit passageway. Exit passageways serving as an exit
component in a means of egress system shall comply with the
requirements of this section. An exit passageway shall not be
used for any purpose other than as a means of egress.

1021.2 Width. The width of exit passageways shall be deter-
mined as specified in Section 1005.1 but such width shall not
be less than 44 inches (1118 mm), except that exit passageways
serving an occupant load of less than 50 shall not be less than
36 inches (914 mm) in width.

The required width of exit passageways shall be unob-
structed.

Exception: Doors, when fully opened, and handrails, shall
not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches (178
mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the required
width by more than one-half. Other nonstructural projec-
tions such as trim and similar decorative features are permit-
ted to project into the required width 1.5 inches (38 mm) on
each side.

The clear width of exit passageways in a Group 1-2 occu-
pancy used for the movement of beds and litters shall be 44
inches (1118 mm) minimum.

1021.3 Construction. Exit passageway enclosures shall have
walls, floors and ceilings of not less than 1-hour fire-resistance
rating, and not less than that required for any connecting exit
enclosure. Exit passageways shall be constructed as fire barri-
ers in accordance with Section 706.

1021.4 Openings and penetrations. Exit passageway opening
protectives shall be in accordance with the requirements of
Section 715.

Except as permitted in Section 402.4.6, openings in exit pas-
sageways other than unexposed exterior openings shall be lim-
ited to those necessary for exit access to the exit passageway
from normally occupied spaces and for egress from the exit
passageway.

Where interior exit enclosures are extended to the exterior of
a building by an exit passageway, the door assembly from the
exit enclosure to the exit passageway shall be protected by a fire
door conforming to the requirements in Section 715.4. Fire
door assembhes in exit passageways shall comply with Section
715.4.4.

Elevators shall not open into an exit passageway.

1021.5 Penetrations. Penetrations into and openings through
an exit passageway are prohibited except for required exit
doors, equipment and ductwork necessary for independent
pressurization, sprinkler piping, standpipes, electrical raceway
for &e department communication and electrical raceway
serving the exit passageway and terminating at a steel box not
exceeding 16 square inches (0.010 m^). Such penetrations shall
be protected in accordance with Section 712. There shall be no

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penetrations or communicating openings, whether protected or
not, between adjacent exit passageways.

SECTION 1022
HORIZONTAL EXITS

1022.1 Horizontal exits. Horizontal exits serving as an exit in
a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of
this section. A horizontal exit shall not serve as the only exit
from a portion of a building, and where two or more exits are
required, not more than one-half of the total number of exits or
total exit width shall be horizontal exits.

Exceptions:

1 . Horizontal exits are permitted to comprise two-thirds
of the required exits from any building or floor area
for occupancies in Group 1-2.

2. Horizontal exits are permitted to comprise 100 per-
cent of the exits required for occupancies in Group
1-3. At least 6 square feet (0.6 m^) of accessible space
per occupant shall be provided on each side of the hor-
izontal exit for the total number of people in adjoining
compartments.

Every fire compartment for which credit is allowed in con-
nection with a horizontal exit shall not be required to have a
stairway or door leading directly outside, provided the adjoin-
ing fire compartments have stairways or doors leading directly
outside and are so arranged that egress shall not require the
occupants to return through the compartment from which
egress originates.

The area into which a horizontal exit leads shall be provided
with exits adequate to meet the occupant requirements of this
chapter, but not including the added occupant capacity
imposed by persons entering it through horizontal exits from
another area. At least one of its exits shall lead directly to the
exterior or to an exit enclosure.

1022.2 Separation. The separation between buildings or ref-
uge areas connected by a horizontal exit shall be provided by a
fire wall complying with Section 705 or a fire barrier comply-
ing with Section 706 and having a &e-resistance rating of not
less than 2 hours. Opening protectives in horizontal exit walls
shall alsocomply with Section 715. The horizontal exit separa-
tion shall extend vertically through aU levels of the building
unless floor assemblies have a ftre-resistence rating of not less
than 2 hours with no unprotected openings.

Exception: A foe-resistance rating is not required at hori-
zontal exits between a building area and an above-grade
pedestrian walkway constructed in accordance with Section
3104, provided that the distance between connected build-
ings is more than 20 feet (6096 mm).

Horizontal exit walls constructed as foe barriers shall be
continuous from exterior wall to exterior wall so as to divide
completely the floor served by the horizontal exit.

1022.3 Opening protectives. Fire doors in horizontal exits
shall be self-closing or automatic-closing when activated by a
smoke detector in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3. Doors,

where located in a cross-corridor condition, shall be auto-
matic-closing by activation of a smoke detector installed in
accordance with Section 715.4.7.3.

1022.4 Capacity of refuge area. The refuge area of a horizon-
tal exit shall be a space occupied by the same tenant or a pubhc
area and each such refuge area shall be adequate to accommo-
date the original occupant load of the refuge area plus the occu-
pant load anticipated from the adjoining compartment. The
anticipated occupant load from the adjoining compartment
shall bebasedonthe capacity of the horizontal exit doors enter-
ing the refuge area. The capacity of the refuge area shall be
computed based on a net floor area allowance of 3 square feet
(0.2787 m^) for each occupant to be accommodated therein.

Exception: The net floor area allowable per occupant shall
be as follows for the indicated occupancies:

1 . Six square feet (0.6 m^) per occupant for occupancies
in Group 1-3.

2. Fifteen square feet ( 1 .4 m^) per occupant for ambula-
tory occupancies in Group 1-2.

3. Thirty square feet (2.8 m^) per occupant for
nonambulatory occupancies in Group 1-2.

1022.5 Ducts and air transfer openings. [SFM] Ducts and air
transfer openings through fire walls or fire barriers, forming a
horizontal exit, shall be designed and protected in accordance
with Section 716 in order to afford safety from both fire and
smoke in the refuge area. All ducts and air transfer openings
shall be protected by listed combination fire/smoke dampers.

SECTION 1023
EXTERIOR EXIT RAMPS AND STAIRWAYS

1023.1 Exterior exit ramps and stairways. Exterior exit
ramps and stairways serving as an element of a required means
of egress shall comply with this section.

Exception: Exterior exit ramps and stairways for outdoor
stadiums complying with Section 1020.1, Exception 2.

1023.2 Use in a means of egress. Exterior exit ramps and stair-
ways shall not be used as an element of a required means of
egress for Group 1-2 occupancies. For occupancies in other
than Group 1-2, exterior exit ramps and stairways shall be per-
mitted as an element of a required means of egress for buildings
not exceeding six stories above grade plane or buildings
defined as a high-rise.

1023.3 Open side. Exterior exit ramps and stairways serving as
an element of a required means of egress shall be open on at
least one side. An open side shall have a minimum of 35 square
feet (3.3 m^) of aggregate open area adjacent to each floor level
and the level of each intermediate landing. The required open
area shall be located not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) above
the adjacent floor or landing level.

1023.4 Side yards. The open areas adjoining exterior exit
ramps or stairways shall be either yards, courts or public ways;
the remaining sides are permitted to be enclosed by the exterior
walls of the building.

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1023.5 Location. Exterior exit ramps and stairways shall be
located in accordance with Section 1024.3.

1023.6 Exterior ramps and stairway protection. Exterior
exit ramps and stairways shall be separated from the interior of
the building as required in Section 1020.1. Openings shall be
limited to those necessary for egress from normally occupied
spaces.

Exceptions:

1 . Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired for occupancies, other than those in Group R-1
or R-2, in buildings that are no more than two stories
above grade plane where the level of exit discharge is
the first story above grade plane.

2. Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired where the exterior ramp or stairway is served
by an exterior ramp and/or balcony that connects two
remote exterior stairways or other approved exits with
a perimeter that is not less than 50 percent open. To be
considered open, the opening shall be a minimum of
50 percent of the height of the enclosing wall, with the
top of the openings no less than 7 feet (2134 mm)
above the top of the balcony.

3. Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired for an exterior ramp or stairway located in a
building or structure that is permitted to have unen-
closed interior stairways in accordance with Section
1020.1.

4. Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired for exterior ramps or stairways connected to
open-ended corridors, provided that Items 4.1
through 4.4 are met:

4.1. The building, including corridors and ramps
and/or stairs, shall be equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

4.2. The open-ended corridors comply with Sec-
tion 1017.

4.3. The open-ended corridors are connected on
each end to an exterior exit ramp or stairway
complying with Section 1023.

4.4. At any location in an open-ended corridor
where a change of direction exceeding 45 de-
grees (0.79 rad) occurs, a clear opening of not
less than 35 square feet (3.3 m^) or an exterior
ramp or stairway shall be provided. Where
clear openings are provided, they shall be lo-
cated so as to minimize the accumulation of
smoke or toxic gases.

SECTION 1024
EXIT DISCHARGE

1024.1 General. Exits shall discharge directly to the exterior of
the building. The exit discharge shall be at grade or shall pro-

vide direct access to grade. The exit discharge shall not reenter
a building.

Exceptions:

1 . A maximum of 50 percent of the number and capacity
of the exit enclosures is permitted to egress through
areas on the level of discharge provided all of the fol-
lowing are met:

1.1. Such exit enclosures egress to a free and unob-
structed way to the exterior of the building,
which way is readily visible and identifiable
from the point of termination of the exit enclo-
sure.

1.2. The entire area of the level of discharge is sep-
arated from areas below by construction con-
forming to the fire-resistance rating for the
exit enclosure.

1 .3. The egress path from the exit enclosure on the
level of discharge is protected throughout by
an approved automatic sprinkler system. All
portions of the level of discharge with access
to the egress path shall either be protected
throughout with an automatic sprinkler sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, or separated from the
egress path in accordance with the require-
ments for the enclosure of exits.

2. A maximum of 50 percent of the number and capacity
of the exit enclosures is permitted to egress through a
vestibule provided all of the following are met:

2.1. The entire area of the vestibule is separated
from areas below by construction conforming
to the fire-resistance rating for the exit enclo-
sure.

2.2. The depth from the exterior of the building is
not greater than 10 feet (3048 mm) and the
length is not greater than 30 feet (9 144 mm).

2.3. The area is separated from the remainder of
the level of exit discharge by construction pro-
viding protection at least the equivalent of ap-
proved wired glass in steel frames.

2.4. The area is used only for means of egress and
exits directly to the outside.

3. Stairways in open parking garages complying with
Section 1020.1, Exception 5, are permitted to egress
through the open parking garage at the level of exit
discharge.

1024.2 Exit discharge capacity. The capacity of the exit dis-
charge shall be not less than the required discharge capacity of
the exits being served.

1024.3 Exit discharge location. Exterior balconies, stairways
and ramps shall be located at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from
adjacent lot hues and from other buildings on the same lot
unless the adjacent building exterior walls and openings are
protected in accordance with Section 704 based on fire separa-
tion distance.

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1024.4 Exit discharge component. Exit discharge compo-
nents shall be sufficiently open to the exterior so as to minimize
the accumulation of smoke and toxic gases.

1024.5 Egress courts. Egress courts serving as a portion of the
exit discharge in the means of egress system shall comply with
the requirements of Section 1024.

1024.5.1 Width. The width of egress courts shall be deter-
mined as specified in Section 1005.1, but such width shall
not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm), except as specified
herein. Egress courts serving Group R-3 and U occupancies
shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width.

The required width of egress courts shall be unobstructed
to a height of 7 feet (2134 mm).

Exception: Doors, when fully opened, and handrails
shall not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches
(178 mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the
required width by more than one-half. Other
nonstructural projections such as trim and similar deco-
rative features are permitted to project into the required
width 1.5 inches (38 mm) from each side.

Where an egress court exceeds the minimum required
width and the width of such egress court is then reduced
along the path of exit travel, the reduction in width shall be
gradual. The transition in width shall be affected by a guard
not less than 36 inches (914 mm) in height and shall not cre-
ate an angle of more than 30 degrees (0.52 rad) with respect
to the axis of the egress court along the path of egress travel.
In no case shall the width of the S'^ress court be less than the
required minimum.

1024.5.2 Construction and openings. Where an egress
court serving a building or portion thereof is less than 10
feet (3048 mm) in width, the egress court walls shall have
not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction for a
distance of 10 feet (3048 mm) above the floor of the court.
Openings within such walls shall be protected by opening
protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than %
hour.

Exceptions:

1 . Egress courts serving an occupant load of less than
10.

2. Egress courts serving Group R-3.

1024.6 Access to a public way. The exit discharge shall pro-
vide a dkect and unobstructed access to a public way.

Exception: Where access to a public way cannot be pro-
vided, a safe dispersal area shall be provided where all of the
following are met:

1 . The area shall be of a size to acconamodate at least 5
square feet (0.28 m^) for each person.

2. Forotherthan Group E buildings, the area shall be lo-
cated on the same lot at least 50 feet (15 240 mm)
away from the buUding requiring egress. For Group E
buildings, the area shall be located on the same lot at
least 50 feet (15 240 mm) away from any building.

3. The area shall be permanently maintained and identi-
fied as a safe dispersal area.

4. The area shall be provided with a safe and unob-
structed path of travel from the building.

SECTION 1025
ASSEMBLY

1025.1 General. All occupancies in Group A, including those
which contain seats, tables, displays, equipment or other mate-
rial, shall comply with this section.

1025.1.1 Bleachers. Bleachers, grandstands, and folding
and telescopic seating shall comply with ICC 300.

1025.2 Assembly main exit. Group A occupancies that have
an occupant load of greater than 300 shall be provided with a
main exit. The main exit shall be of sufficient width to accom-
modate not less than one-half of the occupant load, but such
width shall not be less than the total required width of all means
of egress leading to the exit. Where the building is classified as
a Group A occupancy, the main exit shall front on at least one
street or an unoccupied space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm)
in width that adjoins a street or pubUc way.

Exception: In assembly occupancies where there is no
well-defined main exit or where multiple main exits are pro-
vided, exits shaU be permitted to be distributed around the
perimeter of the building provided that the total width of
egress is not less than 100 percent of the required width. At
least one exit shall discharge on a street or an unoccupied
space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width that
adjoins a street or public way.

Group A occupancies that have an occupant load greater
than 300 shall be provided with at least 0.20-inch (5.1 mm)
total exit width for each occupant served.

Exception: Smoke-protected seating complying with Sec-
tion 1025.6.2.

1025.3 Assembly other exits. In addition to having access to a
main exit, each level in a Group A occupancy having an occu-
pant load greater than 300 shall be provided with additional
means of egress that shall provide an egress capacity for at least
one-half of the total occupant load served by that level and
comply with Section 1015.2. A? least one-half of the additional
means of egress required by this section shall be directly to an
exit, or through a lobby, that is not used to access the main exit,
to an exit or to a 1-hour-rated corridor to an exit.

Exception: In assembly occupancies where there is no
well-defined main exit or where multiple main exits are pro-
vided, exits shall be permitted to be distributed around the
perimeter of the building, provided that the total width of
egress is not less than 100 percent of the required width. At
least one exit shall discharge on a street or an unoccupied
space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width that
adjoins a street or public way.

Group A occupancies that have an occupant load greater
than 300 shall be provided with at least 0.20-inch (5.1 mm)
total exit width for each occupant served.

Exception: Smoke-protected seating complying with Sec-
tion 1025.6.2.

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1025.3.1 Occupant loads less than 300. For Group A occu-
pancies, at least one exit shall discharge on a street or an
unoccupied space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in
width that adjoins a street or public way.

Group A occupancies that have an occupant load of 100
or more and less than 300 shall have at least one of the
required means of egress directly to an exit, or through a
lobby, that is not used to access the main exit, to an exit or to
a 1 -hour-rated corridor to an exit or continuous through a
1 -hour-rated lobby to an exit

1025.4 Foyers and lobbies. In Group A-1 occupancies, where
persons are admitted to the building at times when seats are not
available and are allowed to wait in a lobby or similar space,
such use of lobby or similar space shall not encroach upon the
required clear width of the means of egress. Such waiting areas
shall be separated from the required means of egress by sub-
stantial permanent partitions or by fixed rigid railings not less
than 42 inches (1067 mm) high. Such foyer, if not directly con-
nected to a public street by all the main entrances or exits, shall
have a straight and unobstructed corridor or path of travel to
every such main entrance or exit.

1025.5 Interior balcony and gallery means of egress. For

balconies or galleries having a seating capacity of 50 or more
located in Group A occupancies, at least two means of egress
shall be provided, with one from each side of every balcony or
gallery and at least one leading directly to an exit.

1025.5.1 Enclosure of balcony openings. Interior stair-
ways and other vertical openings shall be enclosed in an exit
enclosure as provided in Section 1020.1, except that stair-
ways are permitted to be open between the balcony and the
main assembly floor in occupancies such as theaters, places
of religious worship and auditoriums. At least one accessi-
ble means of egress is required from a balcony or gallery
level containing accessible seating locations in accordance
with Section 1007.3 or 1007.4.

1025.6 Width of means of egress for assembly. The clear
width of aisles and other means of egress shall comply with
Section 1025.6.1 where smoke-protected seating is not pro-
vided and with Section 1025.6.2 or 1025.6.3 where
smoke-protected seating is provided. The clear width shall be
measured to walls, edges of seating and tread edges except for
permitted projections.

1025.6.1 Without smoke protection. The clear width of
the means of egress shall provide sufficient capacity in
accordance with all of the following, as applicable:

1 . At least 0.3 inch (7.6 mm) of width for each occupant
served shall be provided on stairs having riser heights
7 inches (178 mm) or less and tread depths 1 1 inches
(279 mm) or greater, measured horizontally between
tread nosings.

2. At least 0.005 inch (0.127 mm) of additional stair
width for each occupant shall be provided for each
0. 10 inch (2.5 nrni) of riser height above 7 inches (178
mm).

3. Where egress requires stak descent, at least 0.075
inch (1.9 rrun) of additional width for each occupant
shall be provided on those portions of stair width hav-
ing no handrail within a horizontal distance of 30
inches (762 mm).

4. Ramped means of egress, where slopes are steeper
than one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent
slope), shall have at least 0.22 inch (5.6 mm) of clear
width for each occupant served. Level or ramped
means of egress, where slopes are not steeper than one
unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent slope),
shall have at least 0.20 inch (5.1 mm) of clear width
for each occupant served.

5. Group A occupancies that have an occupant load
greater than 300 shall be provided with at least
0. 20-inch (5. 1 mm) total exit width for each occupant
served.

1025.6.2 Smoke-protected seating. The clear width of the
means of egress for smoke-protected assembly seating shall
not be less than the occupant load served by the egress ele-
ment multipUed by the appropriate factor in Table 1025.6.2.
The total number of seats specified shall be those within the
space exposed to the same smoke-protected envirormient.
Interpolation is permitted between the specific values
shown. A life safety evaluation, complying with NFPA 101,
shall be done for a facility utiUzing the reduced width
requirements of Table 1025.6.2 for smoke-protected assem-
bly seating.

Exception: For an outdoor smoke-protected assembly
with an occupant load not greater than 18,000, the clear

TABLE 1025.6.2
WIDTH OF AISLES FOR SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY

TOTAL NUMBER OF
SEATS IN THE SMOKE-
PROTECTED ASSEMBLY
OCCUPANCY

INCHES OF CLEAR WIDTH PER SEAT SERVED

Stairs and aisle steps with
Inandrails witliln 30 Indies

Stairs and aisle steps
without handrails
within 30 inches

Passageways, doorways
and ramps not steeper
than 1 in 10 in slope

Ramps steeper
than 1 in 10 in slope

Equal to or less than 5,000

0.200

0.250

0.150

0.165

10,000

0.130

0.163

0.100

0.110

15,000

0.096

0.120

0.070

0.077

20,000

0.076

0.095

0.056

0.062

Equal to or greater than 25,000

0.060

0.075

0.044

0.048

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

325

MEANS OF EGRESS

width shall be determined using the factors in Section
1025.6.3.

1025.6.2.1 Smoke control. Means of egress serving a
smoke-protected assembly seating area shall be provided
with a smoke control system complying with Section
909 or natural ventilation designed to maintain the
smoke level at least 6 feet (1829 mm) above the floor of
the means of egress.

1025.6.2.2 Roof height. A smoke-protected assembly
seating area with a roof shall have the lowest portion of
the roof deck not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the
highest aisle or aisle accessway.

Exception: A roof canopy in an outdoor stadium
shall be permitted to be less than 15 feet (4572 mm)
above the highest aisle or aisle accessway provided
that there are no objects less than 80 inches (2032
mm) above the highest aisle or aisle accessway.

1025.6.2.3 Automatic sprinklers. Enclosed areas with
walls and ceilings in buildings or structures containing
smoke-protected assembly seating shall be protected
with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1.

Exceptions:

1 . The floor area used for contests, performances
or entertainment provided the roof construction
is more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) above the
floor level and the use is restricted to low fire
hazard uses.

2. Press boxes and storage facilities less than
1,000 square feet (93 m^) in area.

3. Outdoor seating facilities where seating and the
means of egress in the seating area are essen-
tially open to the outside.

1025.6.3 Width of means of egress for outdoor
smoke-protected assembly. The clear width in inches
(mm) of aisles and other means of egress shall be not less
than the total occupant load served by the egress element
multiplied by 0.08 (2.0 mm) where egress is by aisles and
stairs and multiplied by 0.06 (1.52 mm) where egress is by
ramps, corridors, tunnels or vomitories.

Exception: The clear width in inches (mm) of aisles and
other means of egress shall be permitted to comply with
Section 1025.6.2 for the number of seats in the outdoor
smoke-protected assembly where Section 1025.6.2 per-
mits less width.

1025.6.4 Public address system. See Section 907.2.1.3.

1025.7 Travel distance. Exits and aisles shall be so located that
the travel distance to an exit door shall not be greater than 200
feet (60 960 mm) measured along the line of travel in
nonsprinklered buildings. Travel distance shall not be more
than 250 feet (76 200 mm) in sprinklered buildings. Where
aisles are provided for seating, the distance shall be measured

along the aisles and aisle accessway without travel over or on
the seats.

Exceptions:

1. Smoke-protected assembly seating: The travel dis-
tance from each seat to the nearest entrance to a
vomitory or concourse shall not exceed 200 feet (60
960 mm). The travel distance from the entrance to the
vomitory or concourse to a stair, ramp or walk on the
exterior of the building shall not exceed 200 feet (60
960 mm).

2. Open-air seating: The travel distance from each seat
to the building exterior shall not exceed 400 feet (122
m). The travel distance shall not be limited in facilities
of Type I or n construction.

1025.8 Common path of egress travel. The common path of
egress travel shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) from any seat
to a point where an occupant has a choice of two paths of egress
travel to two exits.

Exceptions:

1 . For areas serving less than 50 occupants, the common
path of egress travel shall not exceed 75 feet (22 860
mm).

2. For smoke-protected assembly seating, the common
path of egress travel shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240
mm).

1025.8.1 Path through adjacent row. Vrliere one of the
two paths of travel is across the aisle through a row of seats
to another aisle, there shall be not more than 24 seats
between the two aisles, and the minimum clear width
between rows for the row between the two aisles shall be 12
inches (305 mm) plus 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for each addi-
tional seat above seven in the row between aisles.

Exception: For smoke-protected assembly seating there
shall not be more than 40 seats between the two aisles
and the minimum clear width shall be 12 inches (305
mm) plus 0.3 inch (7.6 mm) for each additional seat.

1025.9 Assembly aisles are required. Every occupied portion
of any occupancy in Group A that contains seats, tables, dis-
plays, similar fixtures or equipment shall be provided with
aisles leading to exits or exit access doorways in accordance
with this section. Aisle accessways for tables and seating shall
comply with Section 1014.4.3.

1025.9.1 Minimum aisle width. The minimum clear width
for aisles shall be as shown:

1. Forty-eight inches (1219 mm) for aisle stairs having
seating on each side.

Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the
aisle serves less than 50 seats.

2. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for aisle stairs having
seating on only one side.

326

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

MEANS OF EGFtESS

3. Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between an aisle stair
handrail or guard and seating where the aisle is subdi-
vided by a handrail.

4. Forty-two inches (1067 mm) for level or ramped
aisles having seating on both sides.

Exceptions:

1 . Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the aisle
serves less that 50 seats.

2. Thirty inches (762 mm) where the aisle
does not serve more than 14 seats.

5. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for level or ramped aisles
having seating on only one side.

Exceptions:

1. Thirty inches (762 mm) where the aisle
does not serve more than 14 seats.

2. Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between an
aisle stair handrail and seating where an
aisle does not serve more than five rows on
one side.

6. Libraries with open book stacks shall have main
aisles not less than 44 inches (1118 mm) in width, and
side, range and end aisles not less than 36 inches (914
mm) in width.

1025.9.2 Aisle width. The aisle width shall provide suffi-
cient egress capacity for the number of persons accommo-
dated by the catchment area served by the aisle. The
catchment area served by an aisle is that portion of the total
space that is served by that section of the aisle. In establish-
ing catchment areas, the assumption shall be made that there
is a balanced use of all means of egress, with the number of
persons in proportion to egress capacity.

1025.9.3 Converging aisles. Where aisles converge to form
a single path of egress travel, the required egress capacity of
that path shall not be less than the combined required capac-
ity of the converging aisles.

1025.9.4 Uniform width. Those portions of aisles, where
egress is possible in either of two directions, shall be uni-
form in required width.

1025.9.5 Assembly aisle termination. Each end of an aisle
shall terminate at cross aisle, foyer, doorway, vomitory or
concourse having access to an exit.

Exceptions:

1. Dead-end aisles shall not be greater than 20 feet
(6096 mm) in length.

2. Dead-end aisles longer than 20 feet (6096 mm) are
permitted where seats beyond the 20-foot (6096
mm) dead-end aisle are no more than 24 seats from
another aisle, measured along a row of seats hav-
ing a minimum clear width of 12 inches (305 mm)
plus 0.6 inch (15.2 ram) for each additional seat
above seven in the row.

3. For smoke-protected assembly seating, the
dead-end aisle length of vertical aisles shall not ex-
ceed a distance of 21 rows.

4. For smoke-protected assembly seating, a longer
dead-end aisle is permitted where seats beyond the
21 -row dead-end aisle are not more than 40 seats
from another aisle, measured along a row of seats
having an aisle accessway with a minimum clear
width of 12 inches (305 mm) plus 0.3 inch (7.6
mm) for each additional seat above seven in the
row.

1025.9.6 Assembly aisle obstructions. There shall be no
obstructions in the required width of aisles except for hand-
rails as provided in Section 1025.13.

1025.10 Clear width of aisle accessways serving seating.

Where seating rows have 14 or fewer seats, the minimum clear
aisle accessway width shall not be less than 12 inches (305
mm) measured as the clear horizontal distance from the back of
the row ahead and the nearest projection of the row behind.
Where chairs have automatic or self-rising seats, the measure-
ment shall be made with seats in the raised position. Where any
chair in the row does not have an automatic or self-rising seat,
the measurements shall be made with the seat in the down posi-
tion. For seats with folding tablet arms, row spacing shill be
determined with the tablet arm down.

Exception: When tablet arm chairs are used, the minimum
clear width of 12 inches (305 mm) between rows may be
measured with tablet arms in the stored position only where
all tablet arms are raised manually in one motion to a verti-
cal position and fall to the stored position by force of gravity.

1025.10.1 Dual access. For rows of seating served by aisles
or doorways at both ends, there shall not be more than 100
seats per row. The minimum clear width of 12 inches (305
mm) between rows shall be increased by 0.3 inch (7.6 nmi)
for every additional seat beyond 14 seats, but the minimum
clear width is not required to exceed 22 inches (559 mm).

Exception: For smoke-protected assembly seating, the
row length limits for a 12-inch-wide (305 mm) aisle
accessway, beyond which the aisle accessway minimum
clear width shall be increased, are in Table 1025.10.1.

TABLE 1025.10.1

SMOKE-PROTECTED

ASSEMBLY AISLE ACCESSWAYS

TOTAL NUMBER OF
SEATS IN THE SMOKE-
PROTECTED ASSEMBLY
OCCUPANCY

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SEATS PER ROW

PERMITTED TO HAVE A MINIMUM 12-INCH

CLEAR WIDTH AISLE ACCESSWAY

Aisle or doorway at
both ends of row

Aisle or doorway at one
end of row only

Less than 4,000

4,000

7,000

10,000

13,000

16,000

19,000

22,000 and greater

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

327

MEANS OF EGRESS

1025.10.2 Single access. For rows of seating served by an
aisle or doorway at only one end of the row, the minimum
clear width of 12 inches (305 mm) between rows shall be
increased by 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for every additional seat
beyond seven seats, but the minimum clear width is not
required to exceed 22 inches (559 mm).

1025.11 Assembly aisle walking surfaces. Aisles with a slope
not exceeding one unit vertical in eight units horizontal
(12.5-percent slope) shall consist of a ramp having a shp-resis-
tant walking surface. Aisles with a slope exceeding one unit
vertical in eight units horizontal (12.5-percent slope) shall con-
sist of a series of risers and treads that extends across the full
width of aisles and complies with Sections 1025.11.1 through
1025.11.3.

1025.11.1 Treads. Tread depths shall be a minimum of 1 1
inches (279 mm) and shaU have dimensional uniformity.

Exception: The tolerance between adjacent treads shall
not exceed 0.188 inch (4.8 mm).

1025.11.2 Risers. Where the gradient of aisle stairs is to be
the same as the gradient of adjoining seating areas, the riser
height shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm) nor more
than 8 inches (203 mm) and shall be uniform within each
flight.

Exceptions:

1 . Riser height nonuniformity shall be limited to the
extent necessitated by changes in the gradient of
the adjoining seating area to maintain adequate
sightlines. Where nonuniformities exceed 0.188
inch (4.8 mm) between adjacent risers, the exact
location of such nonuniformities shall be indicated
with a distinctive marking stripe on each tread at
the nosing or leading edge adjacent to the nonuni-
form risers. Such stripe shall be a minimum of 1
inch (25 nam), and a maximum of 2 inches (51
mm), wide. The edge marking stripe shall be dis-
tinctively different from the contrasting marking
stripe.

2. Riser heights not exceeding 9 inches (229 mm)
shall be permitted where they are necessitated by
the slope of the adjacent seating areas to maintain
sightlines.

1025.11.3 Tread contrasting marking stripe. A contrast-
ing marking stripe shall be provided on each tread at the nos-
ing or leading edge such that the location of each tread is
readily apparent when viewed in descent. Such stripe shall
be a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm), and a maximum of 2
inches (51 mm), wide.

Exception: The contrasting marking stripe is permitted
to be omitted where tread surfaces are such that the loca-
tion of each tread is readily apparent when viewed in
descent.

1025.12 Seat stability. In places of assembly, the seats shall be
securely fastened to the floor.

Exceptions:

1. In places of assembly or portions thereof without
ramped or tiered floors for seating and with 200 or
fewer seats, the seats shall not be required to be fas-
tened to the floor.

2. In places of assembly or portions thereof with seating
at tables and without ramped or tiered floors for seat-
ing, the seats shall not be required to be fastened to the
floor.

3. In places of assembly or portions thereof without
ramped or tiered floors for seating and with greater
than 200 seats, the seats shall be fastened together in
groups of not less than three or the seats shall be se-
curely fastened to the floor.

4. In places of assembly where flexibility of the seating
arrangement is an integral part of the design and func-
tion of the space and seating is on tiered levels, a max-
imum of 200 seats shall not be required to be fastened
to the floor. Plans showing seating, tiers and aisles
shall be submitted for approval.

5. Groups of seats Within a place of assembly separated
from other seating by railings, guards, partial height
walls or similar barriers with level floors and having
no more than 14 seats per group shall not be requured
to be fastened to the floor.

6. Seats intended for musicians or other performers and
separated by railings, guards, partial height walls or
similar barriers shall not be required to be fastened to
the floor.

1025.13 Handrails. Ramped aisles having a slope exceeding
one unit vertical in 15 units horizontal (6.7-percent slope) and
aisle stairs shall be provided with handrails located either at the
side or within the aisle width.

Exceptions:

1 . Handrails are not requured for ramped aisles having a
gradient no greater than one unit vertical in eight units
horizontal (12.5-percent slope) and seating on both
sides.

2. Handrails are not required if, at the side of the aisle,
there is a guard that complies with the graspability re-
quirements of handrails.

1025.13.1 Discontinuous handrails. Where there is seat-
ing on both sides of the aisle, the handrails shall be discon-
tinuous with gaps or breaks at intervals not exceeding five
rows to facUitate access to seating and to permit crossing
from one side of the aisle to the other. These gaps or breaks
shall have a clear width of at least 22 inches (559 mm) and
not greater than 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizon-
tally, and the handrail shall have rounded terminations or
bends.

1025.13.2 Intermediate handraUs. Where handrails are
provided in the middle of aisle stairs, there shall be an addi-

328

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

tional intermediate handrail located approximately 12
inches (305 mm) below the main handrail.

1025.14 Assembly guards. Assembly guards shall comply
with Sections 1025.14.1 through 1025.14.3.

1025.14.1 Cross aisles. Cross aisles located more than 30
inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below shall have
guards in accordance with Section 1013.

Where an elevation change of 30 inches (762 mm) or less
occurs between a cross aisle and the adjacent floor or grade
below, guards not less than 26 inches (660 mm) above the
aisle floor shall be provided.

Exception: Where the backs of seats on the front of the
cross aisle project 24 inches (610 mm) or more above the
adjacent floor of the aisle, a guard need not be provided.

1025.14.2 Sightline-constrained guard heights. Unless
subject to the requirements of Section 1025.14.3, afascia or
railing system in accordance with the guard requirements of
Section 1013 and having a minimum height of 26 inches
(660 mm) shall be provided where the floor or footboard
elevation is more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or
grade below and the fascia or railing would otherwise inter-
fere with the sightlines of immediately adjacent seating. At
bleachers, a guard must be provided where the floor or foot-
board elevation is more than 24 inches (610 mm) above the
floor or grade, below and the fascia or railing would other-
wise interfere with the sightlines of the immediately adja-
cent seating.

1025.14.3 Guards at the end of aisles. A fascia or railing
system complying with the guard requirements of Section
1013 shall be provided for the fiiU width of the aisle where
the foot of the aisle is more than 30 inches (762 mm) above
the floor or grade below! The fascia or railing shall be a min-
imum of 36 inches (914 mm) high and shall provide a mini-
mum 42 inches (1067 mm) measured diagonally between
the top of the rail and the nosing of the nearest tread.

1025.15 Bench seating. Where bench seating is used, the num-
ber of persons shall be based on one person for each 1 8 inches
(457 mm) of length of the bench.

SECTION 1026
EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE

1026.1 General. In addition to the means of egress required by
this chapter, provisions shall be made for emergency escape
and rescue in Group R and I-l occupancies. Basements and
sleeping rooms below the fourth story above grade plane shall
have at least one exterior emergency escape and rescue opening
in accordance with this section. Where basements contain one
or more sleeping rooms, emergency egress and rescue open-
ings shall be required in each sleeping room, but shall not be
required in adjoining areas of the basement. Such openings
shall open directly into a public way or to a yard or court that
opens to a public way.

Exceptions:

1. The emergency escape and rescue opening is permit-
ted to open onto a balcony within an atrium in accor-
dance with the requirements of Section 404, provided

the balcony provides access to an exit and the dwell-
ing unit or sleeping unit has a means of egress that is
not open to the atrium.

2. Basements with a ceiKng height of less than 80 inches
(2032 mm) shall not be required to have emergency
escape and rescue windows.

3. High-rise buildings in accordance with Section 403 .

4. Emergency escape and rescue openings are not re-
quired from basements or sleeping rooms that have an
exit door or exit access door that opens directly into a
public way or to a yard, court or exterior exit balcony
^3.t provides access to a public way.

5. Basements without habitable spaces and having no
more than 200 square feet (1 8.6 m^) in floor area shall
not be required to have emergency escape windows.

1026.2 Minimum size. Emergency escape and rescue open-
ings shall have a minimum net clear opening of 5.7 square feet
(0.53 m2).

Exception: The minimum net clear opening for emergency
escape and rescue grade-floor openings shall be 5 square
feet (0.46 m^).

1026.2.1 Minimum dimensions. The minimum net clear
opening height dimension shall be 24 inches (610 mm). The
minimum net clear opening width dimension shall be 20
inches (508 mm). The net clear opening dimensions shall be
the result of normal operation of the opening.

1026.3 Maximum height from floor. Emergency escape and
rescue openings shall have the bottom of the clear opening not
greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) measured from the floor.

1026.4 Operational constraints. Emergency escape and res-
cue openings and any exit doors shall be maintained free of any
obstructions other than those allowed by this section and shall
be operational from the inside of the room. Bars, grilles, grates
or similar devices are permitted to be placed over emergency
escape and rescue openings provided the minimum net clear
opening size complies with Section 1026.2 and such devices
shall be releasable or removable from the inside without the use
of a key, tool, special knowledge or effort or force greater than
that which is required for normal operation of the escape and
rescue opening. Where such bars, grilles, grates or similar
devices are inistalled, smoke alarms shall be installed in accor-
dance with Section 907.2. 10 regardless of the valuation of the
alteration. The release mechanism shall be maintained opera-
ble at all times.

Such bars, grills, grates or any similar devices shall be
equipped with an approved exterior release device for use by
the fire department only when required by the authority having
jurisdiction.

Where security bars (burglar bars) are installed on emer-
gency egress and rescue windows or doors, on or after July 1,
2000, such devices shall comply with California Building Stan-
dards Code, Part 12, Chapter 12-3 and other applicable provi-
sions of Part 2.

Exception: Group R-1 occupancies provided with a moni-
tored fire sprinkler system is accordance with Section
903.2.7 and designed in accordance with NFPA 13 may

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

329

MEANS OF EGRESS

have openable windows permanently restricted to a maxi-
mum 4-inch (102 mm) open position.

1026.5 Window wells. An emergency escape and rescue open-
ing with a finisiied sill height below the adjacent ground level
shall be provided with a window well in accordance with Sec-
tions 1026.5.1 and 1026.5.2.

1026.5.1 Minimum size. The minimum horizontal area of
the window well shall be 9 square feet (0.84 m^), with a min-
imum dimension of 36 inches (914 mm). The area of the
window well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue
opening to be fully opened.

1026.5.2 Ladders or steps. Window wells with a vertical
depth of more than 44 inches (1118 mm) shaU be equipped
with an approved permanently affixed ladder or steps. Lad-
ders or rungs shall have an inside width of at least 12 inches
(305 mm), shall project at least 3 inches (76 mm) from the
wall and shall be spaced not more than 18 inches (457 mm)
on center (o.c.) vertically for the full height of the window
well. The ladder or steps shall not encroach into the required
dimensions of the window well by more than 6 inches (152
mm). The ladder or steps shall not be obstructed by the
emergency escape and rescue opening. Ladders or steps
required by this section are exempt from the stairway
requirements of Section 1009.

330 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 11

RESERVED

331
2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

332 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 1 1 A - HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Caiifornia Chapter

Adopt Entire California Chapter as
amended (amended sections iisted
below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

1102A.3.1,Exc.

1104A.2, Exc.

1118A

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: t

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

333

334 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 11 A

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

Division I— APPLICATION, GENERAL PROVISIONS,
AND DEFINITIONS

Division I Table of Contents

Section IIOIA Application

Section 11 02 A Building Accessibility

Section 11 03 A Design and Construction

Section 1104A Group R Occupancies

Section 1105 A Group U Occupancies

Section 1 1 06A Site and Building Characteristics

Section 1107 A Definitions

SECTION 1101 A
APPLICATION

1101A.1 Scope, The application and authority of this chapter
are identified and referenced in Sections 108.2.1.2 and 1102A
for the Department of Housing and Community Development.
Applicable sections are identified in the Matrix Adoption
Tables of this code under the abbreviation HCD 1-AC.The pro-
visions of this chapter shall apply to the following. ■

1. All newly-constructed covered multifamily dwellings.

2. New common use spaces serving existing covered multi-
family dwellings.

3. Additions to existing buildings, where the addition alone
meets the definition of a covered multifamily dwelling.

4. Common-use areas serving covered multifamily dwell-
ings.

These building standards generally do not apply to public
accommodations such as hotels and motels. Public use areas,
public accommodations, and housing which is publicly funded
as defined in Chapter 2, Chapter 11 A, and Chapter IIB of this
code are subject to provisions of the Division of the State Archi-
tect (DSA-AC) and are referenced in Section 109.1.1.

SECTION 1102A
BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY

1102A.1 Where required. Buildings or portions of buildings
and facilities within the scope of this chapter shall be accessi-
ble to persons with disabilities. Each building on a building site
shall be considered separately when determining the require-
ments contained in this chapter, except when calculating the
number of units which must comply with Section 1102A.3.1.
Dwelling units within a single structure separated by firewalls
do not constitute separate buildings.

Newly-constructed covered multifamily dwellings as defined
in this chapter, include, but are not limited to, the following:

1. Apartment buildings with 3 or more dwelling units in-
cluding timeshare apartments not considered a place of

public accommodation or transient lodging as defined
in Health and Safety Code Section 19955 (a), and
Chapter 2 of the California Building Code.

2. Condominiums with 4 or more dwelling units including
timeshare condominiums not considered a place of
public accommodation or transient lodging as defined
in Health and Safety Code Section 19955 (a), and
Chapter 2 of the California Building Code.

3. Lodging houses, as defined in Chapter 2 of the Califor-
nia Building Code, used as a residence with more than
3 but not more than 5 guest rooms.

4. Congregate residences, as defined in Chapter 2 of the
California Building Code.

5. Dwellings with 3 or more efficiency units, as defined in
Chapter 2 of this code, or Section 17958.1 of the Cali-
fornia Health and Safety Code.

6. Shelters for homeless persons, not otherwise subject to
the disabled access provisions of the Division of the
State Architect— Access Compliance (DSA-AC).

7. Dormitories, as defined in Chapter 2 of this code, with
3 or more guest rooms as defined in Chapter 2 of the
California Building Code.

8. Timeshare dwellings with 3 or more units, not consid-
ered a place of public accommodations or transient
lodging as defined in Health and Safety Code Section
19955 (a), and Chapter 2 of the California Building
Code.

9. Other Group R occupancies in covered multifamily
dwellings which are regulated by the Office of the State
Fire Marshal. See Section 111.

10. Housing which is publicly funded as defined in Chapter
2 of this code is subject to provisions of the Division of
the State Architect (DSA-AC). See Section 1111.B.5.

1102A.2 Existing buildings. The building standards contained
in this chapter do not apply to the alteration, repair, rehabilita-
tion or maintenance of Group R occupancies constructed for
first occupancy prior to March 13, 1991. Housing which is
publicly funded as defined in Chapter 2 of this code is subject to
provisions of the Division of the State Architect (DSA-AC). See
Section 1111.B.5.

Covered multifamily dwellings shall be maintained in com-
pliance with the accessibility standards in effect at the time of
construction. Apartments constructed prior to March 13, 1991
shall be maintained in compliance with the accessibility stan-
dards in effect at the time of construction.

Additions to Group R occupancies shall be subject to the
requirements of this chapter, provided the addition, when con-
sidered alone, meets the definition of a covered multifamily
dwelling, as defined in this chapter. New common use spaces
serving existing covered multifamily dwellings shall be subject
to the requirements of this chapter.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

335

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

Note: For all existing public use areas, public accommoda-
tions, and housing which is publicly funded, see Chapter
IIB, Division IV, Section 1134B for provisions of the Divi-
sion of the State Architect— Access Compliance (DSA-AC).

1102A.3 Multistory dwellings.

1102A.3.1 Multistory apartment or condominium dwell-
ings in buildings with no elevator. This section shall apply
to multistory dwelling units on the ground floor of buildings
without elevators for which an application for a construc-
tion permit is submitted on or after July 1, 2005.

Exception: Carriage units as defined in Section
1107A.3-C and regulated only by the Department of
Housing and Community Development as referenced in
Section 108.2.1.2.

At least 10 percent but not less than one of the multistory
dwellings in apartment buildings with 3 or more dwelling
units and/or condominiums with 4 or more dwelling units
shall comply with the following:

1. The primary entry to the dwelling unit shall be on an
accessible route unless exempted by site impractical-
ity tests in Section 1150A.

2. At least one powder room or bathroom shall be lo-
cated on the primary entry level, served by an accessi-
ble route and shall comply with the provisions in
Division IV.

3. All rooms or spaces located on the primary entry level
shall be served by on accessible route and shall com-
ply with the provisions in Division IV. Rooms and
spaces located on the primary entry level and subject
to this chapter may include but are not limited to
kitchens, powder rooms, bathrooms, living rooms,
bedrooms, or hallways.

4. Common use areas covered by this section shall be
accessible as required by this chapter. Public use ar-
eas as defined in Chapter 2, Chapter HA, and Chap-
ter IIB of this code are subject to provisions of the
Division of the State Architect (DSA-AC) and are ref-
erenced in Section 109.1.1.

The minimum number of multifamily dwelling units
which must comply with this section shall be calculated
using the total number of all multistory dwelling units in
buildings on a site which are subject to this section. Any
fraction thereof shall be rounded to next highest whole num-
ber

I102A.3.2 Multistory dwelling units in buildings with one
or more elevators. Multistory dwelling units, i.e., town-
house and condominium-type construction, contained in
buildings with elevators shall comply with this section. For
multistory dwelling units in buildings with elevators, the
story of the unit that is served by the building elevator is con-
sidered a ground floor and the primary entry floor to the
unit.

1. All rooms and spaces located on the primary entry
floor shall comply with the following: At least 1 pow-
der room or bathroom shall be located on the primary
entry level.

2. All rooms or spaces located on the primary entry level
shall be served by an accessible route and shall com-
ply with Division IV.

1102A.4 Participation areas. Access shall be provided to ele-
ments listed in Section 1104B.4.3, "Participation areas. "

1102A.5 Swimming pools. Swimming pools and spas required
to be accessible shall comply with the provisions of Section
1141A.

1I02A.6 Temporary restrictions. During periods of partial or
restricted use of a building or facility, the entrances used for
primary access shall be accessible to and usable by persons
with disabilities.

SECTION 11 03A
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

1103A.1 General.

1103A.1.1 When buildings are required to be accessible,
they shall be designed and constructed as provided in this
chapter.

Note: Public use areas, public accommodations, and
housing which is publicly funded as defined in Chapter 2,
Chapter 11 A, and Chapter 1 IB of this code are subject to
provisions of the Division of the State Architect
(DSA-AC) and are referenced in Section 109.1.1.

SECTION 11 04A
GROUP R OCCUPANCIES

1104A.1 General. All ground-floor dwelling units in
nonelevator buildings shall be adaptable and on an accessible
route, unless an accessible route is not required as determined
by site impracticality provisions in Section 1150A. For build-
ings with elevators, see Section 1106A.

Multistory dwellings units shall comply with Section
1102A.3.

1104A.2 Ground floors above grade. Where the first floor con-
taining dwelling units in a building is above grade, all units on
that floor shall be served by an accessible route. This floor will
be considered a groundfloor and all dwelling units are consid-
ered covered multifamily dwelling units.

Exception: Carriage units as defined in Section 1107A.3-C
and regulated only by the Department of Housing and Com-
munity Development as referenced in Section 108.2.1.2.

Multistory dwellings units shall comply with Section
1102A.3.

SECTION 1105A
GROUP U OCCUPANCIES

1105A.1 General. Group U, Division 1, private garages which
are accessory to covered multifamily dwelling units, shall be
accessible as required in Section 1109A. Group U, Division 1,
private garages include individual garages and multiple indi-
vidual garages grouped together

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SECTION 11 06A
SITE AND BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS

1106A.1 General. Covered multifamily dwellings with eleva-
tors shall be designed and constructed to provide at least one
accessible entrance on an accessible route, regardless of ter-
rain or unusual characteristics of the site. Covered multifamily
dwellings without elevators shall he designed and constructed
to provide at least one accessible entrance on an accessible
route unless terrain or unusual characteristics of the site pre-
vent an accessible route based on the conditions listed below:

1. Accessible Entrance. Regardless of site considerations
described in Section 1150A, an accessible entrance on
an accessible route is required when there is an elevator
connecting the parking area with the dwelling units on a
ground floor. (In this case, those dwelling units on the
ground floor served by an elevator, and at least one of
each type of public- and common-use areas, would be
subject to these requirements.)

2. Elevator Building. When a building elevator or elevators
are provided as a means of access to dwelling units other
than dwelling units on a ground floor (see Section
1104A.2), the building is an elevator building. All dwell-
ing units become covered multifamily dwellings in that
building. The elevator in that building must provide ac-
cessibility to all dwelling units in the building, regardless
of the slope of the natural terrain. For multistory dwell-
ing units in building with one or more elevators, see Sec-
tion 1102A.3.2.

Note: Where a building elevator is provided only as
means of creating an accessible route to covered mul-
tifamily dwelling units on a ground floor, the building
is not considered to be an elevator building, only
dwelling units located on the ground floor shall be
required to comply with this chapter

3. Elevated walkway. When an elevated walkway is
planned between a building entrance and a vehicular or
pedestrian arrival point, and the planned walkway has a
slope no greater than 10 percent (1 unit vertical in 10
units horizontal), the floor being served by the elevated
walkway becomes a ground floor and accessibility to all
dwellings on that ground floor is required.

Note: Since the planned walkway meets the 10 per-
cent slope criterion, it is required to provide an acces-
sible route to the entrance, and the slope of the
walkway must be reduced to 1 unit vertical in 12 units
horizontal (8.33 percent slope) maximum.

1106A.2 Site impracticality. For tests to determine site imprac-
ticality due to terrain considerations in nonelevator buildings,
see Section 1150A.

SECTION 11 OTA
DEFINITIONS

1107A.1-A

ACCESSIBLE for covered multifamily dwellings is the public-
or common-use areas of the building that can be approached,
entered and used by persons with disabilities.

ACCESSIBLE ROUTE is a continuous and unobstructed path
connecting all accessible elements and spaces in a building or
within a site that can be negotiated by a person with a disability
using a wheelchair, and that is also safe for and usable by per-
sons with other disabilities. Interior accessible routes may
include corridors, hallways, floors, ramps, elevators, and lifts.
Exterior accessible routes may include parking access aisles,
curb ramps, crosswalks at vehicular ways, walks, ramps, and
lifts.

ACCESSIBILITY is the combination of various elements in a
building or area which allows access, circulation and the full
use of the building and facilities by persons with disabilities.

ADAPTABLE DWELLING UNIT is an accessible dwelling
unit within a covered multifamily building as designed with ele-
ments and spaces allowing the dwelling unit to be adapted or
adjusted to accommodate the user. See Division IV.

ASSISTIVE DEVICE is an aid, tool or instrument used by
persons with disabilities to assist in activities of daily living.

AUTOMATIC DOOR is a door equipped with a power-oper-
ated mechanism and controls that open and close the door
automatically upon receipt of a momentary actuating signal.
The switch that begins the automatic cycle may be a photoelec-
tric device, floor mat, or manual switch.

II07A.2-B

BATHROOM is, for the purposes of this chapter, a room which
includes a water closet (toilet), lavatory (sink), and/or a bath-
tub and/or a shower It does not include single-fixture facilities
or those with only a water closet and lavatory. It does include a
compartmented bathroom. A compartmented bathroom is one
in which the fixtures are distributed among interconnected
rooms. A compartmented bathroom is considered a single unit
and is subject to the requirements of this chapter

BUILDING ENTRANCE ON AN ACCESSIBLE ROUTE is

an accessible entrance to a building that is connected by an
accessible route to public transportation stops, to parking or
passenger loading zones, or to public streets or sidewalks, if
available.

1107A.3-C

CARRIAGE UNIT is a dwelling unit with living space on one
or more floors immediately above a Group U, Division 1, pri-
vate garage or garages. The footprint of the garage or garages
is used as the footprint for the remaining floor or floors of the
units above and the garage level contains no habitable space.

Note: Dwelling units located over a common garage shall
not be considered carriage units.

COMMON USE AREAS are private use areas within multi-
family residential facilities where the use of these areas is lim-
ited exclusively to owners, residents, and their guests. The
areas may be defined as rooms or spaces or elements inside or
outside of a building.

COVERED MULTIFAMILY DWELLINGS are dwelling
units in buildings consisting of 3 or more dwelling units or 4 or
more condominium units. Covered multifamily dwellings
include dwelling units listed in Section 1102A.1. Dwelling
units within a single structure separated by firewalls do not
constitute separate buildings.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

337

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

Note: For buildings or complexes containing publicly
funded dwelling units, see Chapter IIB, Section 111 IB. 5
for provisions of the Division of the State Architect— Access
Compliance (DSA-AC).

CROSS SLOPE is the slope that is perpendicular to the direc-
tion of travel.

CURB CUT is an interruption of a curb at a pedestrian way,
which separates surfaces that are substantially at the same ele-
vation.

CURB RAMP is a sloping pedestrian way, intended for pedes-
trian traffic, which provides access between a walk or sidewalk
and a surface located above or below an adjacent curb face.

1107A.4-D

DETECTABLE WARNING is a standardized surface or fea-
ture built into or applied to walking surfaces or other elements
to warn visually impaired persons of hazards in the path of
travel. Only approved DSA/AC detectable warning products
and directional surfaces shall be installed as provided in the
CCR, Title24, Parti Articles!, 3, and4. Referto CCR, Title24,
Part 12, Chapter 12-llA and B for building and facilities
access specifications for product approval for detectable
warning products and directional surfaces.

Note: Detectable warning products and directional sur-
faces installed after January 1, 2001, shall be evaluated by
an independent entity, selected by the Department of Gen-
eral Services, Division of the State Architect - Access Com-
pliance, for all occupancies, including transportation and
other outdoor environments, except that when products and
surfaces are for use in residential housing, evaluation shall
be in consultation with the Department of Housing and
Community Development. See Government Code Section
4460.

DWELLING UNIT is a single unit of residence for a family of
one or more persons. Examples of dwelling units covered by
this chapter include condominiums, an apartment unit within
an apartment building, and other types of dwellings in which
sleeping accommodations are provided but toileting or cook-
ing facilities are shared by occupants of more than one room or
portion of the dwelling. Examples of the latter include dormi-
tory rooms and sleeping accommodations in shelters intended
for occupancy as residences for homeless persons.

1107A.5-E

EQUIVALENT FACILITATION is an alternate means of
complying with the literal requirements of these standards and
specifications that provides access consistent with the purpose
of these standards and specifications.

Note:

1. See Section 108.1, Purpose.

2. In determining equivalent facilitation, consideration
shall be given to means that provide for the maximum
independence of persons with disabilities while pre-
senting the least risk of harm, injury or other hazard
to such persons or others.

I107A.6-F

FACILITY (or FACILITIES) is a building, structure, room,
site, complex or any portion thereof, that is built, altered,
improved or developed to serve a particular purpose.

I107A.7-G

GRAB BAR is a bar for the purpose of being grasped by the
hand for support.

GROUND FLOOR is the floor of a building with a building
entrance on an accessible route. A building may have one or
more ground floors.

1107A.8-H (No definitions)

1107A.9-I

INDEPENDENT ENTITY. See Chapter 2, Section 202.

INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESSIBILITY is that
symbol adopted by Rehabilitation International's 11th World
Congress for the purpose of indicating that buildings and facil-
ities are accessible to persons with disabilities. See Chapter
llA, Figure IIA-IA.

1107A.10-J (No definitions)

1107A.11-K

KICK PLATE is an abrasion-resistant plate affixed to the bot-
tom portion of a door to prevent a trap condition and protect its
surface.

1107A.12-L

LEVEL AREA is a specified surface that does not have a slope
in any direction exceeding Va inch (6.4 mm) in Ifoot (305 mm)
from the horizontal (2.083-percent gradient).

LIFT, SPECIAL ACCESS. See "Special access lift."

1107A.13-M

MARKED CROSSING is a crosswalk or other identified
marked path intended for pedestrian use in crossing a vehicu-
lar way.

MULTISTORYDWELLINGUNITisadwellingunitwithfin-
ished living space located on one floor and the floor or floors
immediately above or below it.

1107A.14-N

NEWLY CONSTRUCTED is a building that has never before
been used or occupied for any purpose.

NOSE, NOSING is that portion of a tread projecting beyond
the face of the riser immediately below.

1107A.15-O

OPEN RISER is the airspace between a tread projecting
beyond the face of the riser immediately below.

1107A.I6-P

PASSAGE DOOR is a door other than an exit door through
which persons may traverse.

PEDESTRIAN is an individual who moves within walking
areas with or without the use ofwalking-assistive devices such
as crutches, leg braces, wheelchairs, etc.

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

PEDESTRIAN RAMP is a sloping accessible route intended
for pedestrian traffic and is differentiated from a curb ramp.

PEDESTRIAN WAY is a route by which a pedestrian may
pass.

PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, for purposes of this chap-
ter, "persons with disabilities" includes, but is not limited to,
any physical or mental disability as defined in Government
Code Section 12926.

POWDER ROOM is a room containing a water closet (toilet)
and lavatory (sink), and which is not defined as a bathroom in
Section 1107A.2-B.

PRIMARY ENTRY is the principal entrance through which
most people enter the building, as designated by the building
official.

PRIMARY ENTRY LEVEL is the floor or level of the building
on which the primary entry is located.

PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION. See Chapter 2, Section
217 -P.

PUBLIC USE AREAS means interior or exterior rooms or
spaces of a building that are made available to the general pub-
lic and does not include Common Use Areas as defined in Sec-
tion 1107A.3-C. Public Use Areas may be provided at a
building that is privately or publicly owned.

1107A.17-Q (No definitions)

1107A.18-R

RAMP. See "Pedestrian ramp," Section 1107A.16-P.

RISER is the vertical distance from the top of a tread to the top
of the next higher tread.

1107A.19-S

SIDEWALK. See "Sidewalk," Chapter 2, Section 220-S.

SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS are rooms in which peo-
ple may sleep; for example, dormitory and hotel or motel guest
rooms or suites.

SLOPE is the relative steepness of the land between two points
and is calculated as follows:

The horizontal distance and elevation change between the
two points (e.g., an entrance and a passenger loading zone).
The difference in elevation is divided by the distance and the
resulting fraction is multiplied by 100 to obtain the percentage
of slope.

For example: if a principal entrance is 10 feet (3048 mm)
from a passenger loading zone, and the principal entrance
is raised Ifoot (305 mm) higher than the passenger loading
zone, then the slope is 1/10 x 100 = 10 percent.

SPECIAL ACCESS LIFT is a hoisting and lowering mecha-
nism equipped with a car or platform, or support which serves
two landings of a building or structure and is designed to carry
a passenger or passengers and/or luggage or other material a
vertical distance as may be allowed by Section 1124A.11.

1107A.20-T

TOEBOARD is a vertical barrier erected along the open edges
of floor openings or floor holes, platforms and runways.

TOWNHOUSE is a multistory dwelling unit.

TRANSIENT LODGING is a building, facility, or portion
thereof, available to the public as an inn, hotel, motel,
timeshare, or place where one or more dwelling units or sleep-
ing accommodations are provided for transient guests, exclud-
ing inpatient medical care facilities and lodging houses with 5
or less guest rooms. Transient lodging may include but is not
limited to, resorts, group homes, and dormitories.

TREAD is the horizontal member of a step.

TREAD DEPTH is the horizontal distance from front to back
of tread, including nosing when used.

TREAD RUN is the horizontal distance from the leading edge
of a tread to the leading edge of an adjacent tread.

I107A.2I-U (No definitions)

1107A.22-V

VEHICULAR OR PEDESTRIAN ARRIVAL POINTS are

public or resident parking areas, public transportation stops,
passenger loading zones, and public streets or sidewalks.

1107A.23-W

WALK is a surfaced pedestrian way not located contiguous to
a street used by the public. (See Section 220-S definition for
"Sidewalk.")

WHEELCHAIR. See "Wheelchair," Chapter 2, Section202.

1107A.24-X (No definitions)

1107A.24-Y (No definitions)

Division II— EXTERIOR FACILITIES

Division II Table of Contents

Section 1108A General Requirements for Accessible
Parking and Exterior Routes of
Travel

Section 1109A Parking Facilities

Section lllOA Exterior Routes of Travel

Section llllA Changes in Level on Accessible Routes

Section 1112A Curb Ramps on Accessible Routes

Section 1113A Walks and Sidewalks on an Accessible
Route

Section 11 14 A Exterior Ramps and Landings on
Accessible Routes

Section 1115A Exterior Stairways along Accessible
Routes

Section 1116A

Hazards on Accessible Routes

SECTION 11 08A

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESSIBLE

PARKING AND EXTERIOR ROUTES OF TRAVEL

Notes:

1. In addition to provisions of this division, exterior routes of
travel that provide access to, or egress from, buildings for
persons with disabilities shall also comply with Chapter 10.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

339

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

2. Public use areas, public accommodations, and housing
which is publicly funded as defined in Chapter 2, Chapter
11 A, and Chapter IIB of this code are subject to provisions
of the Division of the State Architect (DSA-AC) and are ref-
erenced in Section 109.1.1.

SECTION 11 09A
PARKING FACILITIES

1109A.1 Accessible parking required. Each parking facility
provided for covered multifamily dwellings and facilities (e.g.,
swimming pools, club houses, recreation areas, and laundry
rooms) that serve covered multifamily dwellings shall provide
accessible parking as required by this section.

1109A.2 Parking facilities. Parking facilities shall include, but
not be limited to, the following:

1. Garages.

2. Private garages. (See Section llOSAfor the application
of building standards for accessibility).

3. Carports.

4. Off-street parking (parking lots/spaces).

1109A.2.1 Private garages. Group U, Division 1, private
garages which are accessory to covered multifamily dwell-
ing units, shall be accessible as required in Section 1109 A.
Group U, Division 1, private garages include individual
garages and multiple individual garages grouped together.

Exception: A private garage attached to and which
directly serves a single covered multifamily dwelling unit
is an accessible garage if a person with a disability can
exit the dwelling unit's accessible entry door by an acces-
sible route and enter the garage from the driveway. The
provisions in Section 11 09 A shall not apply.

1109A.3 Required accessible parking spaces. Accessible
parking spaces shall be provided at a minimum rate of 2 per-
cent of the covered multifamily dwelling units. At least one
space of each type of parking facility shall be made accessible
even if the total number exceeds 2 percent. When assigned
parking is provided, signage as required by Section 1109A.8.8
shall not be required.

1109A.4 Assigned accessible parking spaces. When assigned
parking spaces are provided for a resident or a group of resi-
dents, at least 2 percent of the assigned parking spaces serving
covered multifamily dwelling units shall be accessible in each
type of parking facility. At least one space of each type of park-
ing facility shall be made accessible even if the total number
exceeds 2 percent. When assigned parking is provided, signage
as required by Section 1109A.8.8 shall not be required.

1109A.5 Unassigned and visitor parking spaces. When park-
ing is provided for covered multifamily dwellings and is not
assigned to a resident or a group of residents at least 5 percent
of the parking spaces shall be accessible and provide access to
grade-level entrances of covered multifamily dwellings and
facilities (e.g., swimming pools, club houses, recreation areas,
and laundry rooms) that serve covered multifamily dwellings.
Accessible parking spaces shall be provided with signage as
required by Section 1109A.8.8. Such signage shall not be
blocked from view by a vehicle parked in the space.

1109A.6 Requests for accessible parking spaces. When
assigned parking is provided, designated accessible parking
for the dwelling unit shall be provided on request of residents
with disabilities on the same terms and with the full range of
choices (e.g., off-street parking, carport or garage) that are
available for other residents.

1109A.7 Location of accessible parking spaces. The location
of accessible parking spaces shall comply with the following:

1. Accessible parking spaces shall be located on the short-
est possible accessible route to an accessible building, or
covered multifamily dwelling unit entrance. All van ac-
cessible spaces may be grouped on one level of a parking
facility.

2. When parking facilities are located adjacent to a build-
ing with multiple accessible entrances, accessible park-
ing spaces shall be dispersed and located near the
accessible building entrances.

3. When practical, the accessible route shall not cross lanes
for vehicular traffic. When crossing vehicle traffic lanes
is necessary, the accessible route shall be designated and
marked as a crosswalk.

4. Parking facilities that do not serve a particular building
shall have accessible parking spaces located on the
shortest possible accessible route to an accessible pedes-
trian entrance of the parking facility.

5. Accessible parking spaces shall be located so that per-
sons with disabilities are not compelled to wheel or walk
behind parked cars other than their own.

Exception: When the enforcement agency determines
that compliance with this section or providing equiva-
lent facilitation would create an unreasonable hard-
ship, parking spaces may be provided which would
require aperson withphysical disabilities to wheel or
walk behind other than accessible parking spaces.

1109A.8 Design and construction. Accessible parking
required by this section shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with Section 1109A.

1109A.8.1 Vertical clearances. Where required to be acces-
sible, all entrances into, and vertical clearances within
parking facilities shall have a minimum vertical clearance
of 8 feet 2 inches (2489 mm) from the floor to the lowest pro-
jection jrom the ceiling.

1109A.8.2 Arrangement of parking spaces. Parking
spaces shall be arranged to comply with the following:

1. In each parking area, a bumper or curb shall be pro-
vided and located to prevent encroachment of cars
over the required width of walkways.

2. Ramps, including curb ramps, shall not encroach into
any accessible parking space or the adjacent loading
and unloading access aisle.

1109A.8.3 Slope of accessible parking spaces. Surface
slopes of accessible parking spaces shall be the minimum
possible and shall not exceed '4 inch (6.35 mm) per foot
(2.083-percent gradient) in any direction.

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1109A.8.4 Accessible parking space size. Accessible park-
ing spaces shall comply with Sections 1109A8.5 and
1109A8.6.

1109A.8.5 Accessible single parking space. Where accessi-
ble single spaces are provided, they shall be constructed in
accordance with the following:

1. Single spaces shall be 14 feet (4267 mm) wide and
lined to provide a 9 foot (2743 mm) wide parking area
and a 5 foot (1524 mm) wide loading and unloading
access aisle on the passenger side of the vehicle (see
Figure 11A-2B) with the vehicle parked in the forward
position.

2. When more than one space is provided, two 9 foot
(2743 mm) wide parking spaces may be lined on each
side of a 5 foot (1524 mm) wide loading and unload-
ing access aisle (see Figure 11A-2A, and 11A-2C).

3. The minimum length of each parking space shall be
18 feet (5486 mm).

4. The words "NO PARKING" shall be painted on the
ground within each 5 foot (1524 mm) wide loading
and unloading access aisle. This notice shall be
painted in white letters no less than 12 inches (305
mm) high and located so that it is visible to traffic en-
forcement officials (see Figures 11 A-2A, 11A-2B, and
11A-2C).

1109A.8.6 Van accessible parking space. One in every
eight accessible spaces, but not less than one, shall be van
accessible and shall be constructed in accordance with the
following:

1. Each space shall be served by a loading and unload-
ing access aisle at least 8 feet (2438 mm) wide, placed
on the passenger side with the vehicle parked in the
forward position.

2. The minimum length of each space shall be 18 feet
(5486 mm).

3. Each space shall be designated "van accessible" as
required by Section 1 1 09 A. 8. 8.

4. All van accessible spaces may be grouped on one level
of a parking facility.

5. The words "NO PARKING" shall be painted on the
ground within each 8 foot (2438 mm) wide loading
and unloading access aisle. This notice shall be
painted in white letters no less than 12 inches (305
mm) high and located so that it is visible to traffic en-
forcement officials.

Note: See Figures 11A-2A, 11A-2B, andllA-2C.

1109A.8.7 Adjacent parking. Parking spaces adjacent to
accessible parking spaces shall not be considered as load-
ing and unloading access aisles.

1109A.8.8 Parking signage. Each accessible parking space
reserved for persons with disabilities shall be identified by a
rejlectorized sign permanently posted immediately adjacent
to and visible from each stall or space, consisting of the
"International Symbol of Accessibility" in white on a dark
blue background. The sign shall not be smaller than 70
square inches (4516 mm^) in area and, when in a path of

travel, shall be posted at a minimum height of 80 inches
(2032 mm) from the bottom of the sign to the parking space
finished grade. Signs may also be centered on the wall at the
iriterior end of the parking space at a minimum height of 36
inches (914 mm) from the parking space finished grade,
ground or sidewalk. Spaces complying with Section
1109A.8.6 shall have an additional sign stating
"Van-Accessible" mounted below the symbol of accessibil-
ity.

Note: When assigned resident parking is provided, sign-
age is not required except for unassigned or visitor park-
ing spaces.

An additional sign shall also be posted in a conspicuous
place at each entrance to off-street parking facilities or
immediately adjacent to and visible from each stall or
space. The sign shall not be less than 17 inches (432 mm) by
22 inches (559 mm) in size with lettering not less than 1 inch
(25.4 mm) in height, and shall clearly and conspicuously
state the following:

"Unauthorized vehicles parked in designated accessi-
ble spaces not displaying distinguishing placards or
license plates issued for persons with disabilities may be
towed away at owner's expense. Towed vehicles may be
reclaimedat \ or by telephon-
ing ."

Blank spaces are to be filled in with appropriate infor-
mation as a permanent part of the sign.

In addition to the above requirements, the surface of
each accessible parking space shall have a surface iden-
tification duplicating either of the following schemes:

1. By outlining or painting the stall or space in blue
and outlining on the ground in the stall or space in
white or suitable contrasting color the
"International Symbol of Accessibility" ; or,

2. By outlining the "International Symbol of Accessi-
bility" in white on blue background. The
"International Symbol of Accessibility" shall be
located so that it is visible to a traffic enforcement
officer when a vehicle is properly parked in the
space and shall be 36 inches high by 36 inches
wide (914 mm by 914 mm).

Note: See Figures 11A-2A, 11A-2B, and
11A-2C.

SECTION 1110A
EXTERIOR ROUTES OF TRAVEL

IIIOA.I Exterior accessible route. When a building or portion
of a building is required to be accessible or adaptable, an
accessible route shall be provided to all portions of the build-
ing, accessible building entrances and between the building
and the public way. The accessible route shall be the most prac-
tical direct route and to the maximum extent feasible, coincide
with the route for the general public and building residents.
Exterior accessible routes shall be provided as follows:

1. Where more than one route of travel is provided, all
routes shall be accessible.

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HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

2. At least one accessible route within the boundary of the
site shall be provided from public transportation stops,
accessible parking and accessible passenger loading
and unloading zones, and public streets or sidewalks to
the accessible building entrance they serve.

3. At least one accessible route shall connect accessible
buildings, facilities, elements and spaces that are on the
same site. Accessible routes shall be provided between
accessible buildings and accessible site facilities when
more than one building or facility is located on a site.

4. At least one accessible route shall connect accessible
building or facility entrances with all accessible spaces,
elements, and covered multifamily dwelling units.

5. An accessible route shall connect at least one accessible
entrance of each covered multifamily dwelling unit with
exterior spaces andfacilities that serve the dwelling unit.

6. Where elevators are provided for vertical access, all ele-
vators shall be accessible. See Section 1124A.

Note: If the slope of the finished grade between cov-
ered multifamily dwellings and a public use or com-
mon use facility (including parking) exceeds 1 unit
vertical in 12 units horizontal (8.33-percent slope), or
where other physical barriers (natural or artificial)
or legal restrictions, all of which are outside the con-
trol of the owner, prevent the installation of an acces-
sible route, an acceptable alternative is to provide
access by a vehicular route, provided:

1. There is accessible parking on an accessible
route for at least 2 percent of the covered multi-
family dwelling units, and

2. Necessary site provisions such as parking
spaces and curb ramps are provided at the pub-
lic use or common use facility.

1110A.2 Signs. At every primary public entrance and at every
major junction where the accessible route diverges from the
circulation path along or leading to an accessible route,
entrance or facility, there shall be a sign displaying the "Inter-
national Symbol of Accessibility." Signs shall indicate the
direction to accessible building entrances andfacilities and
shall comply with the requirements found in Sections 1I43A.2
andll43A.ll.

1110A.3 Flooring. If carpet or carpet tile is used in a com-
mon-use area or public-use area on a ground or floor surface,
it shall have firm backing or no backing. The maximum pile
height shall be Vi inch (12.7 mm). Exposed edges of carpet shall
be fastened to floor surfaces and have trim along the entire
length of the exposed edge. Carpet edge trim shall comply with
Section llllA requirements for changes in level.

1110A.3.I Recesseddoormats. Recesseddoormats shallbe

adequately anchored to prevent interference with wheel-
chair traffic.

SECTION 1111 A
CHANGES IN LEVEL ON ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

1111A.I Changes in level not exceeding Vj inch. Abrupt
changes in level along any accessible route shall not exceed 'A

inch (12.7 mm). When changes in level do occur, they shall be
beveled with a slope no greater than 1 unit vertical in 2 units
horizontal (50-percent slope). Changes in level not exceeding
'A inch (6.35 mm) may be vertical.

1111A.2 Changes greater than V2 inch. Changes in level
greater than 'A inch (12.7 mm) shall be made by means of a
sloped surface not greater than 1 unit vertical in 20 units hori-
zontal (5-percent slope), or a curb ramp, ramp, elevator or spe-
cial access lift. Stairs shall not be part of an accessible route.
When stairs are located along or adjacent to an accessible
route they shall comply with Section 11 ISA for exterior stair-
ways.

SECTION 11 12A
CURB RAMPS ON ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

1112A.1 General. Curb ramps within the boundary of the site
shall be constructed at each corner of street intersections and
where a pedestrian way crosses a curb. The preferred and rec-
ommended location for curb ramps is in the center of the cross-
walk of each street comer. Where it is necessary to locate a
curb ramp in the center of the curb return, the street surfaces
shall be marked to identify pedestrian crosswalks, and the
lower end of the curb ramp shall terminate within such cross-
walk areas. Curb ramps do not require handrails.

1112A.2 Obstructions. Curb ramps shall be located or pro-
tected to prevent obstruction by parked cars. Built-up curb
ramps shall be located so that they do not project into vehicular
traffic lanes, parking spaces, or the adjacent loading and
unloading access aisle.

1112A.3 Width of curb ramps. Curb ramps shall be a mini-
mum of 48 inches (12 19 mm) in width.

1112A.4 Diagonal curb ramps. If diagonal (or comer-type)
curb ramps have returned curbs or other well-defined edges,
such edges shall be parallel to the direction of pedestrian flow.
The bottom of diagonal curb ramps shall have a 48 inch (1219
mm) minimum clear space as shown in Figures 11A-3A
through 11A-3M. If diagonal curb ramps are provided at
marked crossings, the 48 inch (1219 mm) clear space shall be
within the markings (see Figures 11A-3A through 11A-3M). If
diagonal curb ramps have flared sides, they shall also have at
least a 24-inch-long (610 mm) segment of straight curb located
on each side of the curb ramp and within the marked crossing.
See Figures I1A-3A through 11A-3M.

1112A.S Slope of curb ramps. The slope of curb ramps shall
not exceed 1 unit vertical to 12 units horizontal (8.33-percent
slope) and shall lie, generally, in a single sloped plane. Transi-
tions from ramps to walks, gutters, or streets shall be flush and
free of abrupt changes. Maximum slopes of adjoining gutters,
road surface immediately adjacent to the curb ramp, or acces-
sible route shall not exceed 1 unit vertical to 20 units horizontal
(5-percent slope) within 4 feet (1219 mm) of the top and bottom
of the curb ramp.

If a curb ramp is located where pedestrians must walk across
the ramp, then it shall have flared sides; the maximum slope of
the flare shall be 1 unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-per-
cent slope). Curb ramps with returned curbs may be used

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where pedestrians would not normally walk across the ramp.
See Figures 11A-3A through 11A-3M.

1112A.6 Level landing. A level landing 48 inches (1219 mm)
deep shall be provided at the upper end of each curb ramp over
its full width to permit safe egress from the ramp surface, or the
slope of the fanned or flared sides of the curb ramp, shall not
exceed 1 unit vertical to 12 units horizontal {8.33-percent
slope).

1112A.7 Finish. The surface of each curb ramp and its flared
sides shall be stable, firm and slip-resistant and shall be of con-
trasting finish from that of the adjacent sidewalk.

1112A.8 Border. All curb ramps shall have a grooved border
12 inches (305 mm) wide at the level surface of the sidewalk
along the top and each side approximately % inch (19 mm) on
center All curb ramps constructed between the face of the curb
and the street shall have a grooved border at the level surface of
the sidewalk. See Figures 11A-3A through 11A-3K.

1112A.9 Detectable warnings. See Chapter IIB, Section
1127B.5, Item 7.

SECTION 111 3A

WALKS AND SIDEWALKS ON AN ACCESSIBLE

ROUTE

1113A.1 Width and continuous surface. Walks and sidewalks
subject to this chapter shall have a continuous common sur-
face, not interrupted by steps or by abrupt changes in level
exceeding Vi inch (12.7 mm). (See Section 1111A.3).

11 13 A. 1.1 Width. Walks and sidewalks shall be a minimum
of 48 inches (1219 mm) in width, except that walks serving
an individual dwelling unit in covered multifamily buildings
may be reduced to 36 inches (914 mm) in clear width except
at doors.

1113A.1.2 Surfaces. Surfaces shall be slip-resistant as fol-
lows:

1. Surfaces with a slope of less than 6 percent gradient
shall be at least as slip-resistant as that described as a
medium salted finish.

2. Surfaces with a slope of 6 percent or greater gradient
shall be slip-resistant.

1113A.1.3 Surface cross slopes. Surface cross slopes shall
not exceed 'A inch (6.35 mm) per foot (2.083-percent slope)
except when the enforcing agency finds that due to local
conditions it creates an unreasonable hardship, the cross
slope may be increased to a maximum of ¥2 inch (12. 7 mm)
per foot (4.2-percent slope) for distances not to exceed 20
feet (6096 mm).

1113A.2 Walks with continuous gradients. All walks on an
accessible route with continuous gradients shall have level
areas at least 60 inches (1524 mm) in length at intervals of at
least every 400 feet (122 m).

1113A.3 Five percent gradient. When the slope in the direction
of travel of any walk on an accessible route exceeds 1 unit verti-
cal in 20 units horizontal (5 -percent slope), it shall comply with
the ramp provisions of Section 1114A.

1113A.4 Level areas. Walks on an accessible route shall be
provided with a level area not less than 60 inches by 60 inches
(1524 mm by 1524 mm) at a door or gate that swings toward
the walk, and not less than 48 inches wide by 44 inches (1219
mm by 1118 mm) deep at a door or gate that swings away from
the walk. See Section 1126A.3.2 for strike edge maneuvering
space at doors or gates.

1113A.5 Smooth surface. The bottom 10 inches (254 mm) of
all doors and/or gates except automatic and sliding doors or
gates shall have a smooth, uninterrupted surface to allow the
door or gate to be opened by a wheelchair footrest without cre-
ating a trap or hazardous condition. Where narrow frame
doors are used, a 10 inch (254 mm) high smooth panel shall be
installed on the push side of the door, which will allow the door
to be opened by a wheelchair footrest without creating a trap or
hazardous condition.

III3A.6 Gratings. Walks, sidewalks and pedestrian ways on
an accessible route shall be free of gratings whenever possible.
Gratings located in the surface of any of these areas, grid open-
ings in gratings shall be limited to V2 inch (12. 7 mm) in the
direction of traffic jlow.

Exceptions:

1. Where the enforcement agency determines that com-
pliance with this section would create an unreason-
able hardship, an exception may be granted when
equivalent facilities are provided.

2. This section shall not apply in those conditions where,
due to legal or physical constraints, all or portions of
the site of the project will not allow compliance with
these building standards or equivalent facilitation on
all or portions of one site without creating an unrea-
sonable hardship.

SECTION 1 11 4A

EXTERIOR RAMPS AND LANDINGS ON

ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

1114A.1 Width. The width of ramps shall be consistent with the
requirements for exits in Chapter 10 of this code, but in no case
shall the ramp width be less than the following:

1. Ramps serving accessible entrances to covered multi-
family buildings where the ramp is the only exit dis-
charge path and serves an occupant load of 300 or more
shall have a minimum clear width of 60 inches (1524
mm).

2. Ramps serving accessible entrances in Group R occu-
pancies with an occupant load of 10 or less may be 36

' inches (914 mm) in clear width.

3. All other ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 48
inches (1219 mm).

4. Handrails, curbs, wheel guides and/or appurtenances
shall not project into the required clear width of a ramp.

Note: See Section 1 1 14A.6.2.4 for handrail projec-
tions.

1114A.2 Slope. The maximum slope of ramps on an accessible
route shall be no greater than 1 unit vertical in 12 units hori-

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HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

zontal (8.33-percent slope). Transitions from ramps to walks,
gutters or streets shall be flush and free of abrupt changes.

1114A.2.1 Cross slope. The cross slope of ramp surfaces
shall be no greater than 'A inch (6.35 mm) per foot
(2.083 -percent slope).

1114A.3 Outdoor ramps. Outdoor ramps, ramp landings and
their approaches shall be designed so that water will not accu-
mulate on the walking surface.

1114A.4 Landings. Ramp landings shall be level and comply
with this section.

1114A.4.1 Location of landings. Landings shall be pro-
vided at the top and bottom of each ramp. Intermediate
landings shall be provided at intervals not exceeding 30
inches (762 mm) of vertical rise and at each change of direc-
tion. Landings are not considered in determining the maxi-
mum horizontal distance of each ramp.

Note: Examples of ramp dimensions are:

SLOPE
(GRADING %)

MAXIMUM RISE
(INCHES)

MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL

PROJECTION

(feet)

(x 25.4 for mm)

(x 304.8) for mm)

1:12 (8.33%)
1:15 (6.67%)
1:16 (6.25%)
1:20 (5.00%)

30
30
30
30

37.5

1114A.4.2 Size of top landings. Top landings shall not be
less than 60 inches (1524 mm) wide. Top landings shall have
a minimum length of not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in
the direction of the ramp run. See Section 1126A.3 for
maneuvering clearances at doors.

1114A.4.3 Landing width. The minimum width of bottom
and intermediate landings shall not be less than the width of
the ramp.

1114A.4.4 Encroachment of doors. Doors in any position
shall not reduce the minimum dimension of the landing to
less than 42 inches (1067 mm) and shall not reduce the
required width by more than 3 inches (76.2 mm) when fully
open. (See Figure 11A-6D).

1114A.4.5 Strike edge extension. The width of the landing
shall comply with Section 1126A.3 for strike edge extension
and maneuvering space at doors.

1114A.4.6 Change of direction. Intermediate and bottom
landings at a change of direction in excess of 30 degrees
shall have a length in the direction of ramp run of not less
than 72 inches (1829 mm). (See Figures 11A-6C and
11A-6D).

1114A.4.7 Other intermediate landings. Other intermedi-
ate landings shall have a dimension in the direction of ramp
run of not less than 60 inches (1524 mm). (See Figure
11-A6C).

1114A.5 Ramp height. Ramps more than 30 inches (762 mm)
above the adjacent floor or ground and open on one or both
sides shall be provided with guardrails as required by Section
509. Guardrails shall be continuous from the top of the ramp to
the bottom of the ramp.

1114A.6 Ramp handrails.

1114A.6.1 Where required. Handrails shall be provided at
each side of ramps when the slope exceeds 1 unit vertical in
20 units horizontal (5% slope). Handrails on all ramps shall
be continuous.

Exceptions:

1. Curb ramps.

2. Ramps that serve an individual dwelling unit may
have one handrail, except that ramps open on one
or both sides shall have handrails provided on the
open side or sides.

1114A.6.2 Handrail configufation.

1114A.6.2.1 Handrail heights. The top of handrails
shall be 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the ramp
surface.

1114A.6.2.2 Handrail ends. Handrail ends shall be
returned.

1114A.6.2.3 Handrail extension. Handrails shall
extend a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the top
and bottom of the ramp. Where the extension creates a
hazard, the termination of the extension shall be rounded
or returned smoothly to floor, wall or post. (See Figure
11A-5A).

1114A.6.2.4 Handrail projections. Handrails project-
ing from a wall shall have a space of IV2 inches (38.1
mm) between the wall and the handrail. Handrails shall
not reduce the required minimum clear width of ramps.

Handrails may be located in a recess if the recess is a
maximum of 3 inches (76.2 mm) deep and extends at least
18 inches (457 mm) above the top of the rail. Any wall or
other surface adjacent to the handrail shall be free of
sharp or abrasive elements. (See Figure 11A-6B).

1114A.6.2.S Handrail grips. The handgrip portion of
handrails shall not be less than IV4 inches (31. 75 mm)
nor more than 2 inches (50.8 mm) in cross-sectional
dimension or the shape shall provide an equivalent grip-
ping surface. The handgrip portion of handrails shall
have a smooth surface with no sharp comers. Edges
shall have a minimum radius of 1/8 inch (3.17 mm).
Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings. (See
FigureIIA-6B).

Note: For public use areas, public accommodations,
and housing which is publicly funded, see Chapter
IIB, Division III, Section 1 133B.5.5 for provisions of
the Division of the State Architect— Access Compli-
ance (DSA-AC).

1114A.7 Curbs and wheel guides. Ramps exceeding 10 feet
(3048 mm) in length and ramp landings having a vertical drop
exceeding 4 inches (101.6 mm), shall be provided with one of
the following:

1. Guide curbs a minimum of 2 inches (50.8 mm) in height
at each side; or

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

2. Wheel guide mils at each side, centered 2 to 4 inches
(50.8 to 101.6 mm) above the surface of the ramp or
ramp landing.

Exception: Ramps or ramp landings bounded by a
wall or fence.

Note: See Figure 11A-5A.

SECTION 111 5A

EXTERIOR STAIRWAYS ALONG ACCESSIBLE

ROUTES

1115A.1 General. Exterior stairways serving floors or dwell-
ing units required to be accessible shall comply with this sec-
tion.

Note: This section shall not apply to exterior stairways
serving floors or dwelling units not required to be accessi-
ble.

1115A.2 Open risers. Open risers shall not be permitted along
accessible routes.

1115A.3 Treads. All tread surfaces shall be slip resistant.
Threads shall have smooth, rounded or chamfered exposed
edges, and no abrupt edges at the nosing (lower front edge).

1115A.4 Nosing. Nosing shall not project more than 1 Vi inches
(38.1 mm) past the face of the riser below. Risers shall be
sloped or the underside of the nosing shall have an angle not
less than 60 degrees from the horizontal. (See Figure 11A-6A).

1115A.5 Striping for the visually impaired. Where stairways
occur outside a building along accessible routes, the upper
approach and all treads shall be marked by a strip of clearly
contrasting color at least a minimum of 2 inches (50.8 mm)
wide to a maximum of 4 inches (101.6 mm) wide and placed
parallel to and not more than 1 inch (25.4 mm) from the nose of
the step or landing to alert the visually impaired. The strip shall
be of a material that is at least as slip resistant as the treads of
the stair A painted strip shall be acceptable.

1115A.6 Exterior stairway handrails.

1115A.6.1 Where required. Stairways shall have handrails
on each side, and every stairway required to be more than
88 inches (2235 mm) in width shall be provided with not less
than one intermediate handrail for each 88 inches (2235
mm) of required width. Intermediate handrails shall be
located equidistant from the sides of the stairway.

Exception: Stairways serving an individual dwelling
unit may have one handrail, except that stairways open
on one or both sides shall have handraib on the open
side or sides.

1115A.6.2 Handrail configuration.

1115A.6.2.1 Handrail heights. The top of handrails
shall be 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the nos-
ing of the treads.

1115A.6.2.2 Handrail ends. Ends shall be returned or
shall terminate in newel posts or safety terminals.

1115A.6.2.3 Handrail extension. Handrails shall
extend a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the top

nosing and 12 inches (305 mm), plus the tread width,
beyond the bottom nosing.

Where the extension creates a hazard, the termination
of the extension shall be rounded or returned smoothly to
floor, wall or post. Where the stairs are continuous from
landing to landing, the inner rail shall be continuous and
need not extend out into the landing. (See Figures
11A-6A and 11A-6E).

1115A.6.2.4 Handrail projections. Handrails project-
ing from a wall shall have a space of IV2 inches (38.1
mm) between the wall and the handrail.

1115A.6.2.5 Handrail grips. The handgrip portion of
handrails shall not be less than PA inches (31.75 mm)
nor more than 2 inches (50.8 mm) in cross-sectional
dimension or the shape shall provide an equivalent grip-
ping surface. The handgrip portion of handrails shall
have a smooth surface with no sharp corners. Edges
shall have a minimum radius of'/g inch (3. 1 7 mm). Hand-
rails shall not rotate within their fittings. (See Figure
11A-6B).

Note: For public use areas, public accommodations,
and housing which is publicly funded, see Chapter
IIB, Division 111, Section 1133B.4.2.6 for provisions
of the Division of the State Architect— Access Compli-
ance (DSA-AC).

SECTION 11 16A
HAZARDS ON ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

1116A.1 Warning curbs. Abrupt changes in level exceeding 4
inches (101.6 mm) in vertical dimension, such as changes in
level at planters or fountains located in or adjacent to walks,
sidewalks or other pedestrian ways shall be identified by curbs
or other approved barriers projecting at least 6 inches (152.4
mm) in height above the walk or sidewalk surface to warn the
blind of a potential drop-off.

Exceptions:

1. Between a walk or sidewalk and an adjacent street or
driveway.

2. When a guardrail or handrail is provided with a wheel
guide centered 2 to 4 inches (50.8 to 101.6mm) above
the surface of the walk or sidewalk.

1116A.2 Headroom clearance. Walks, pedestrian ways and
other circulation spaces which arepartofthe required egress
system shall have a minimum clear headroom of 84 inches
(2134 mm). Other walks, pedestrian ways and circulation
spaces shall have a minimum clear headroom of 80 inches
(2032 mm). If the vertical clearance of an area adjoining an
accessible route is reduced to less than 80 inches (2032 mm)
nominal dimension, a guardrail or other barrier having its

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

345

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

leading edge at or below 27 inches (686 mm) above the finished
floor shall be provided. (See Figure IIA-IB.)

Exception: Doorways and archways less than 24 inches
(610 mm) in depth may have a minimum clear headroom of
80 inches (2032 mm) nominal. (See Section 1126A.)

1116A.3 Overhanging obstructions. Any obstruction that
overhangs a pedestrian way shall be a minimum of 80 inches
(2032 mm) above the walking surface as measured from the
bottom of the obstruction. Where a guy support is used parallel
to a path of travel, including, but not limited to, sidewalks, a
guy brace, sidewalk guy or similar device shall be used to pre-
vent an overhanging obstruction (see Section 1116A.2 for
required headroom clearance).

1116A.4 Free-standing signs. Wherever signs mounted on
posts or pylons protrude from the post or pylons andthe bottom
edge of the sign is 80 inches (2032 mm) above the finished floor
or ground level, the edges of such signs shall be rounded or
eased and the comers shall have a minimum radius of 0.125
inches (see Section 1116A.2 for required headroom clear-
ance).

Division III— BUILDING FEATURES

Division HI Table

Section 11 17 A

Section 1118A

O- -J.* 1 1 1 r\ I

Section 1120A
Section 1121 A
Section 1122A

Section 1123 A

Section 1124A

Section 1125 A
Section 1126A
Section 1127 A

of Contents

General Requirements for Accessible
Entrances, Exits, Interior Routes of
Travel and Facility Accessibility

Egress and Areas of Refuge

Interior Routes of Travel

Interior Accessible Routes

Changes in Level on Accessible Routes

Interior Ramps and Landings on
Accessible Routes

Interior Stairways along Accessible
Routes

Elevators and Special Access
(Wheelchair) Lifts

Hazards on Accessible Routes

Doors

Common Use Facilities

SECTION 1117A

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESSIBLE

ENTRANCES, EXITS, INTERIOR ROUTES OF

TRAVEL AND FACILITY ACCESSIBILITY

Note: In addition to provisions of this division, interior routes
of travel that provide access to, or egress from, buildings for
persons with disabilities shall also comply with Chapter 10.

1117A.1 General. When buildings are required to be accessi-
ble, building facilities shall be accessible as provided in this
division. Where specific floors of a building are required to be
accessible, the requirements of this division shall apply only to
the facilities located on accessible floors.

I1I7A.2 Primary entrances and exterior exit doors. All pri-
mary entrances and exterior ground floor exit doors to build-
ings and facilities on accessible routes shall be accessible to
persons with disabilities.

1117A.3 Separate dwelling unit entrances. When a
ground-floor dwelling unit of a building has a separate
entrance, each such ground-floor dwelling unit shall be served
by an accessible route, except where the terrain or unusual
characteristics of the site prohibit an accessible route (see Sec-
tion 1150A for site impracticality tests).

1II7A.4 Multiple entrances. Only one entrance to covered
multifamily buildings is required to be accessible to any one
ground floor of a building, except in cases where an individual
dwelling unit has a separate exterior entrance. Where the
building contains clusters of dwelling units with each cluster
sharing a different exterior entrance, more than one entrance
may be required to be accessible, as determined by analysis of
the site. In every case, the accessible entrance shall be on an
accessible route to the covered dwelling units it serves.

SECTION 1 11 8A
EGRESS AND AREAS OF REFUGE

I118A.I General. Including but not limited to the requirements
contained in this chapter for accessible routes, signage and
emergency warning systems in buildings or portions of build-
ings required to be accessible shall be provided with accessible
means of egress as required by Chapter 10. (See Section 1007.)

SECTION 11 19A
INTERIOR ROUTES OF TRAVEL

1119A.1 General. When a building or portion of a building is
required to be accessible or adaptable, an accessible route
shall be provided to all portions of the building, accessible
building entrances and to covered multifamily dwelling units.
The accessible route shall, to the maximum extent feasible,
coincide with the route for the general public and other build-
ing residents. Accessible routes shall not pass through kitch-
ens, storage rooms, restrooms, closets or other spaces used for
similar purposes except within an individual dwelling unit.
Accessible routes shall be provided as follows:

1. Where more than one route of travel is provided, all
routes shall be accessible.

2. At least one accessible route shall connect accessible
building or facility entrances with all accessible spaces,
elements and covered multifamily dwelling units.

3. An accessible route shall connect at least one accessible
primary entrance of each covered multifamily dwelling
unit with interior and exterior spaces and facilities that
serve the unit.

4. Where elevators are provided for vertical access, all ele-
vators shall be accessible.

I119A.2 Flooring. If carpet or carpet tile is used in a common
use area or public use area on a ground or floor surface, it shall
have flrm backing or no backing. The maximum pile height
shall be V2 inch (12.7 mm). Exposed edges of carpet shall be
fastened to floor surfaces and have trim along the entire length

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

of the exposed edge. Carpet edge trim shall comply with Sec-
tion 1111 A requirements for changes in level.

1119A.2.1 Recessed doormats. Recessed doormats shall be
adequately anchored to prevent interference with wheel-
chair traffic.

SECTION 11 20A
INTERIOR ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

Note: For the purpose of this section, interior accessible routes
shall include but not be limited to corridors, hallways, exit bal-
conies and covered or enclosed walkways.

1120A.1 Widths. Interior accessible routes serving an occu-
pant load of 10 or more shall not be less than 44 inches (1118
mm) in width. Interior accessible routes serving an occupant
load of less than 10 shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in
width.

If a person in a wheelchair must make a turn around a comer
or an obstruction, the minimum clear width of the accessible
route shall be as shown in Figure IIA-IC.

1120A.2 Interior accessible routes over 200 feet (60960 mm).

Interior accessible routes that exceed 200 feet (60960 mm) in
length shall:

1. Have a minimum clear width of 60 inches (1524 mm); or

2. Have at a central location a 60-inch by 60-inch (1524
mm by 1524 mm) minimum wheelchair turning space or
passing alcove; or

3. Have at a central location an intervening cross or tee
that is a minimum of 44 inches (1118 mm) in width.

Note: See Figure UA-IL.

1120A.3 Changes in elevation. Interior accessible routes
which have changes in elevation shall be transitioned and com-
ply with Section 1121A or 1122A.

Exception: Doors and thresholds as provided in Section
1126A.

SECTION 1121 A
CHANGES IN LEVEL ON ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

1121A.1 Changes in level not exceeding Vj inch. Abrupt
changes in level along any accessible route shall not exceed Vi
inch (12.7 mm). When changes in level do occur, they shall be
beveled with a slope no greater than 1 unit vertical in 2 units
horizontal (50-percent slope). Changes in level not exceeding
'A inch (6.35 mm) may be vertical.

1121A.2 Changes greater than one-half inch. Changes in
level greater than V2 inch (12. 7 mm) shall be made by means of
a sloped surface not greater than 1 unit vertical in 20 units hor-
izontal (5-percent slope), or a curb ramp, ramp, elevator or
special access lift. When stairs are located along or adjacent to
an accessible route they shall comply with Section 11 23 A for
interior stairways.

SECTION 11 22A

INTERIOR RAMPS AND LANDINGS ON

ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

1122A.1 Width. The width of ramps shall be consistent with the
requirements for exits in Chapter 10 of this code, but in no case
shall the ramp width be less than the following:

2. Ramps serving accessible entrances in Group R occu-
pancies with an occupant load of 10 or less may be 36
inches (914 mm) in clear width.

3. All other ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 48
inches (1219 mm).

4. Handrails, curbs, wheel guides and/or appurtenances
shall not project into the required clear width of a ramp.

Note: See Section 1122 A. 5. 2. 4 for handrail projections.

1122A.2 Slope. The maximum slope of ramps on an accessible
route shall be no greater than 1 unit vertical in 12 units hori-
zontal (8.33-percent slope).

1122A.2.1 Cross slope. The cross slope of ramp surfaces
shall not exceed 'A inch (6.35 mm) per foot (2.083-percent
slope).

1122A.3 Landings. Ramp landings shall be level and comply
with this section.

1I22A.3.1 Location of landings. Landings shall be pro-
vided at the top and bottom of each ramp. Intermediate
landings shall be provided at intervals not exceeding 30
inches (762 mm) of vertical rise and at each change of direc-
tion. Landings are not considered in determining the maxi-
mum horizontal distance of each ramp.

Note: Examples of ramp dimensions are:

SLOPE
(GRADING %)

MAXIMUM

RISE
(INCHES)

MAXIMUM

HORIZONTAL

PROJECTION

(feet)

(X 25.4 for
mm)

(x 304.8 for mm)

1:12 (8.33%)
1:15 (6.67%)
1:16(6.25%)
1:20(5.00%)

30
30
30
30

. 30
37.5
40
50

1122A.3.2 Size of top landings. Top landings shall not be
less than 60 inches (1524 mm) wide. Top landings shall have
a minimurn. length of not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in
the direction of the ramp run. See Section 1126A.3 for
maneuvering clearances at doors. (See Figure 11A-6C).

1122A.3.3 Landing width. The minimum width of bottom
and intermediate landings shall not be less than the width of
the ramp.

1122A.3.4 Encroachment of doors. Doors in any position
shall not reduce the minimum dimension of the landing to
less than 42 inches (1067 mm) and shall not reduce the

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HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

required width by more than 3 inches (76.2 mm) when fully
open. (See Figure llA-6d).

1122A.3.5 Strike edge extension. The width of the landing
shall comply with Section 1126A.3for maneuvering clear-
ances at doors.

1122A.3.6 Change of direction. Intermediate and bottom
landings at a change of direction in excess of 30 degrees
shall have a length in the direction of ramp run of not less
than 72 inches (1829 mm), (See Figures 11A-6C and
11A-6D).

1122A.3.7 Other intermediate landings. Other intermedi-
ate landings shall have a dimension in the direction of ramp
run of not less than 60 inches (1524 mm). (See Figure
11A-6C).

1122A.4 Ramp height. Ramps more than 30 inches (762 mm)
above the adjacent floor or ground and open on one or both
sides shall be provided with guardrails as required by Section
509. Guardrails shall be continuous from the top of the ramp to
the bottom of the ramp.

1122A.5 Ramp handrails.

1122A.5.1 Where required. Handrails shall be provided at
each side of ramps when the slope exceeds 1 unit vertical in
20 units horizontal (5-percent slope). Handrails on all
ramps shall be continuous.

Exceptions:

1. Curb ramps.

2. Ramps that serve an individual dwelung unit may
have one handrail, except that ramps open on one
or both sides shall have handrails provided on the
open side or sides.

1122A.5.2 Handrail configuration.

1122A.5.2.1 Handrail heights. The top of handrails
shall be 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the ramp
surface.

1122A.5.2.2 Handrail ends. Handrail ends shall be
returned.

1122A.5.2.3 Handrail extension. Handrails shall
extend a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the top
and bottom of the ramp. Where the extension creates a
hazard, the termination of the extension shall be rounded
or returned smoothly to floor, wall or post. (See Figure
11A-5A).

1122A.S.2.4 Handrail projections. Handrails project-
ing from a wall shall have a space of V/j inches (38.1
mm) between the wall and the handrail.

1122A.5.2.5 Handrail grips. The handgrip portion of
handrails shall not be less than I'A inches (31.75 mm)
nor more than 2 inches (50.8 mm) in cross-sectional
dimension or the shape shall provide an equivalent grip-

ping surface. The handgrip portion of handrails shall
have a smooth surface with no sharp corners. Edges
shall have a minimum radius of'/g inch (3. 1 7 mm). Hand-
rails shall not rotate within their fittings. (See Figure
11A-6B).

Note: For public use areas, public accommodations,
and housing which is publicly funded, see Chapter
IIB, Division III, Section 1133B. 5. 5 for provisions of
the Division of the State Architect— Access Compli-
ance (DSA-AC).

1122A.6 Curbs and wheel guides. Ramps exceeding 10 feet
(3048 mm) in length, and ramp landings having a vertical drop
exceeding 4 inches, shall be providedwith one of the following:

1. Guide curbs a minimum of 2 inches (50.8 mm) in height
at each side; or

2. Wheel guide rails at each side, centered 2 to 4 inches
(50.8 to 101.6 mm) above the surface of the ramp or
ramp landing.

Exception: Ramps or ramp landings bounded by a wall or
fence.

Note: See Figure 11A-5A.

SECTION 11 23 A

INTERIOR STAIRWAYS ALONG ACCESSIBLE

ROUTES

1123A.1 General. Interior .itairways serving floors or dwell-
ing units required to be accessible shall comply with this sec-
tion.

Note: This section shall not apply to interior stairways serv-
ing floors or dwelling units not required to be accessible.

1123A.2 Open risers. Open risers shall not be permitted along
accessible routes.

1123A.3 Treads. All tread surfaces shall be slip resistant.
Treads shall have smooth, rounded or chamfered exposed
edges and no abrupt edges at the nosing (lower front edge).

1123A.4 Nosing. Nosing shall not project more than IV2 inches
(38.1 mm) past the face of the riser below. Risers shall be
sloped or the underside of the nosing shall have an angle not
less than 60 degrees from the horizontal. (See Figure 11A-6A)

1123A.5 Striping for the visually impaired. The upper
approach and the lower tread of each stair along routes
required to be accessible shall be marked by a strip of clearly
contrasting color at least a minimum of 2 inches (50.8 mm)
wide to a maximum of 4 inches (101.6 mm) wide placed paral-
lel to, and not more than 1 inch (25.4 mm) from, the nose of the
step or landing to alert the visually impaired. The strip shall be
of material that is at least as slip resistant as the other treads of
the stair A painted strip shall be acceptable.

1123A.6 Interior stairway handrails.

1123A.6.1 Where required. Stairways shall have handrails
on each side, and every stairway required to be more than
88 inches (2235 mm) in width shall be providedwith not less
than one intermediate handrail for each 88 inches (2235

348

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

mm) of required width. Intermediate handrails shall be
located equidistant from the sides of the stairway.

Exception: Stairways serving an individual dwelling
unit may have one handrail, except that stairways open
on one or both sides shall have handrails on the open
side or sides.

1123A.6.2 Handrail configuration.

1123A.6.2.1 Handrail heights. The top of handrails
shall be 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the nos-
ing of the treads.

1123A.6.2.2 Handrail ends. Ends shall be returned or
shall terminate in newel posts or safety terminals.

1123A.6.2.3 Handrail extension. Handrails shall
extend a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the top
nosing and 12 inches (305 mm), plus the tread width,
beyond the bottom nosing. Where the extension creates a
hazard, the termination of the extension shall be rounded
or returned smoothly to floor, wall or post. Where the
stairs are continuous from landing to landing, the inner
rail shall be continuous and need not extend out into the
landing. (See Figures 11A-6A and 11A-6E).

1123A.6.2.4 Handrail projections. Handrails project-
ing from a wall shall have a space of IV2 inches (38.1
mm) between the wall and the handrail.

1123A.6.2.5 Handrail grips. The handgrip portion of
handrails shall not be less than IV4 inches (31.75 mm)
nor more than 2 inches (50.8 mm) in cross-sectional
dimension or the shape shall provide an equivalent grip-
ping surface. The handgrip portion of handrails shall
have a smooth surface with no sharp corners. Edges
shall have a minimum radius of'/g inch (3. 1 7 mm). Hand-
rails shall not rotate within their fittings. (See Figure
11A-6B).

Note: For public use areas, public accommodations,
and housing which is publicly funded, see Chapter
IIB, Division III, Section 1133B.4.2.6 for provisions
of the Division of the State Architect — Access
Compliance (DSA-AC).

SECTION 11 24A

ELEVATORS AND SPECIAL ACCESS

(WHEELCHAIR) LIFTS

1124A.1 General. Elevators provided in covered multifamily
buildings shall be accessible and comply with this chapter, and
Title 24, Part 7 of the California Code of Regulations.

Exception: Private elevators serving only one dwelling
unit.

1124A.2 Location. Passenger elevators shall be located on a
major accessible route and provisions shall be made to ensure

that they remain accessible and usable at all times that the
building is occupied.

1124A.3 Size of cab and control locations.

1124A.3.I General. Elevators serving covered multifamily
buildings shall be sized to accommodate a wheelchair in
accordance with this section.

Exception: When the enforcing agency determines that
compliance with any requirement of this section would
create an unreasonable hardship, an exception to the
requirement shall be granted when equivalent facilita-
tion is provided, and where it can be demonstrated that a
person using a wheelchair can enter and operate the ele-
vator.

1124A.3.2 Car inside. The car inside shall allow for the
turning of a wheelchair The minimum clear distance
between walls or between wall and door, excluding return
panels, shall not be less than 80 inches by 54 inches (2032
mm by 1372 mm) for center-opening doors, and 68 inches
by 54 inches (1727 mm by 1372 mm) for side-slide opening
doors. (See Figure 11A-7A). Minimum distance from wall to
return panel shall not be less than 51 inches (1295 mm).

1124A.3.2.1 Door size. Elevator doors shall provide a
minimum clear width of 3 inches (914 mm).

1124A.3.3 Car controls.

1124A.3.3.1 Car control location. Elevator floor but-
tons shall be within 54 inches (1372 mm) above the finish
floor for side approach and 48 inches (1219 mm) for
front approach. Except for photoelectric tube bypass
switches, emergency controls, including the emergency
stop and alarm, shall be grouped in or adjacent to the
bottom of the panel and shall be no lower than 35 inches
(889 mm) from the floor. For multiple controls only, one
set must comply with these height requirements. Floor
buttons shall be provided with visual indicators to show
when each call is registered. The visual indicators shall
be extinguished when each call is answered.

Note: Where possible, a 48-inch (1219 mm) maxi-
mum height for elevator floor buttons is preferred.

1124A.3.3.2 Car control buttons. Passenger elevator
car controls shall have a minimum dimension of% inch
(19.05 mm) and shall be raised Vg inch (3.17 mm) plus or
minus V32 '"<^^ (0- 8 mm) above the surrounding surface.

Control buttons shall be illuminated, shall have
square shoulders and shall be activated by a mechanical
motion that is detectable.

All control buttons shall be designated by a
^/g-inch-minimum (15.87 mm) Arabic numeral, standard
alphabet character, or standard symbol immediately to
the left of the control button. A Braille symbol shall be
located immediately below the numeral, character or
symbol. A minimum clear space of^/g inch (9.5 mm) or
other suitable means of separation shall be provided
between rows of control buttons.

Note: See Figure 11A-7B.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

349

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

The raised characters and symbols shall be white on a
black background. Controls and emergency equipment
identified by raised symbols shall include, but not be lim-
ited to, "door open", "door close", "alarm bell",
"emergency stop" and "telephone." The call button for
the main entry floor shall be designated by a raised star
at the left of the floor designation.

1124A.3.4 Emergency telephone. The emergency tele-
phone handset shall be positioned no higher than 48 inches
(1219 mm) above the floor, and the handset cord shall be a
minimum of 29 inches (737 mm) in length. If the telephone
system is located in a closed compartment, the compartment
door hardware shall be a lever type conforming to the provi-
sions of Section 1003.3.1.8. Emergency intercommunica-
tion shall not require voice communication.

1124A.4Hallcallbuttons. Call operation buttons shall be cen-
tered 42 inches (1067 mm) above the floor. Buttons shall be a
minimum of^/^-inch (19.05 mm) in size and shall be raised
Vg-inch (3.17 mm) plus or minus V 32-inch (0.8 mm) above the
surrounding surface. Visual indication shall be provided to
show each call registered and extinguished when answered.
Objects adjacent to, and below, hall call buttons shall not pro-
ject more than 4 inches (101.6 mm) from the wall.

1124A.5 Minimum illumination. The minimum illumination
at the car controls threshold and the landing when the car and
landing doors are open shall not be less than 5 foot-candles (54
be).

1124A.6 Hall lantern. A visual and audible signal shall be pro-
vided at each hoistway entrance indicating to the prospective
passenger the car answering the call and its direction of travel
as follows:

1. The visual signal for each direction shall be a mini-
mum of 2^/2 inches (63.5 mm) high by 2V2 inches (63.5
mm) wide, and visible from the proximity of the hall
call button.

2. The audible signal shall sound once for the "up" di-
rection and twice for the "down" direction or of a
configuration which distinguishes between up and
down elevator travel.

3. The center line of the fixture shall be located a mini-
mum of 6 feet (1829 mm) in height from the lobby
floor.

4. The use of in-car lanterns, located in or on the car
doorjambs, visible fi-om the proximity of the hall call
buttons and conforming to the above requirements of
this section shall or will be acceptable.

Note: The use of arrow shapes are preferred for visible sig-
nals.

1124A.7 Door delay.

1124A.7.1 Hall call. The minimum acceptable time from
notification that a car is answering a call (lantern and audi-
ble signal) until the doors of the car start to close shall be
calculated by the following equations but shall be no less
than 5 seconds:

T = D/(1.5ft/s)orT=D/ (445 mm/s)

Where T is the total time in seconds and D is the distance
fi-om a point in the lobby or landing area 60 inches (1524
mm) directly in front of the farthest call button controlling
that car to the centerline of its hoistway door (see Figure
11A-7D). For cars with in-car lanterns, T begins when the
lantern is visible from the vicinity of hall call buttons and an
audible signal is sounded.

1124A.7.2 Door delay for car calls. The minimum accept-
able time for the door to remain fully open after receiving a
call shall not be less than 5 seconds.

1124A.8 Doorjamb marking. All elevator hoistway entrances
shall have raised floor number designations provided on both
jambs. Characters shall be raised Arabic numerals a minimum
of 2 inches (50.8 mm) in height with raised Braille symbols
placed below the corresponding raised characters. The raised
characters shall be on a contrasting background with the cen-
terline of the characters 60 inches (1524 mm) from the floor
Braille symbols shall conform to Sections 1117B.5.5 and
1117B.5.6. On the grade level, a raised five-pointed star shall
be placed to the left of the raised character The outside diame-
ter of the star shall be 2 inches (50.8 mm). Braille shall be
placed below the corresponding raised characters (see Figure
11A-7C).

1124A.9 Door protective and reopening devices. Doors closed
by automatic means shall be provided with a door-reopening
device that will function to stop and reopen a car door and
adjacent hoistway door in case the car door is obstructed while
closing.

This reopening device shall also be capable of sensing an
object or person in the path of a closing door without requiring
contact for activation at a nominal 5 inches and 29 inches (127
mm and 737 mm) above the floor

Door-reopening devices shall remain effective for aperiod of
not less than 20 seconds. After such an interval, the doors may
close in accordance with the requirements of ANSI 1 7.1-86 and
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) docu-
ment ASME 17.1-1990.

1124A.10 Operation and leveling. The elevator shall be auto-
matic and be provided with a self-leveling feature that will
automatically bring the car to the floor landings within a toler-
ance of plus or minus V2 inch (12. 7 mm) under rated loading to
zero loading conditions. This self-leveling shall, within its
zone, be entirely automatic and independent of the operating
device and shall correct the overtravel or undertravel. The car
shall also be maintained approximately level with the landing,
irrespective of load.

The clearance between the car platform sill and the edge of
the hoistway landing shall be no greater than 1 'A inches (31. 75
mm).

1124A.11 Special access (wheelchair) lifts. Special access
wheelchair lifts may be provided between levels, in lieu of pas-
senger elevators, when the vertical distance between landings,
as well as the structural design and safeguards are as allowed
by the State of California, the Department of Industrial Rela-
tions, Division of Occupational Safety and Health and any
applicable safety regulations of other administrative authori-
ties having jurisdiction.

350

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

If lifts are provided, they shall be designed and constructed to
facilitate unassisted entry, operation and exit from the lift, and
shall comply with restrictions and enhancements of this section
in conjunction with Sections 3093 to 3094.5, Part 7 of the Cali-
fornia Code of Regulations, Title 24.

SECTION 11 25A
HAZARDS ON ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

1125A.1 Warning curbs. Abrupt changes in level exceeding 4
inches (101.6 mm) in vertical dimension, such as changes in
level at planters or fountains located in or adjacent to walks,
halls, corridors, passageways, aisles, pedestrian ways and
other circulation spaces shall be identified by curbs projecting
at least 6 inches (152.4 mm) in height above the walk or side-
walk surface to warn the blind of a potential drop-off.

Exception: When a guardrail or handrail is provided with a
wheel guide centered 2 to 4 inches (50. 8 to 101.6 mm) above
the surface of the walk or sidewalk.

1125A.2 Headroom clearance. Walks, halls, corridors, pas-
sageways, aisles, pedestrian ways and other circulation spaces
which are part of the required egress system shall have a mini-
mum clear headroom of 84 inches (2134 mm). Other walks,
pedestrian ways and circulation spaces shall have a minimum
clear headroom of 80 inches (2032 mm). If the vertical clear-
ance of an area adjoining an accessible route is reduced to less
than 80 inches (2032 mm) nominal dimension, a guardrail or
other barrier having its leading edge at or below 27 inches
(686 mm) above the finished floor shall be provided. (See Fig-
ure IIA-IB).

Exception: Doorways and archways less than 24 inches
(610 mm) in depth may have a minimum clear headroom of
80 inches (2032 mm) nominal. (See Section 1126A).

I125A.3 Overhanging obstructions. Any obstruction that
overhangs a pedestrian way shall be a minimum of 80 inches
(2032 mm) above the walking surface as measured from the
bottom of the obstruction. Where a guy support is used parallel
to a path of travel, including, but not limited to, sidewalks, a
guy brace, sidewalk guy or similar device shall be used to pre-
vent an overhanging obstruction (see Section 1125A.2 for
required headroom clearance).

1125A.4 Free-standing signs. Wherever signs mounted on
posts or pylons protrude from the posts or pylons and the bot-
tom edge of the sign is less than 80 inches (2032 mm) above the
finished floor or ground level, the edges of such signs shall be
rounded or eased and the corners shall have a minimum radius
of 0.125 inches. (See Section 1125A.2for required headroom
clearance).

SECTION 11 26A
DOORS

1126A.1 Width and height of doors. Doorways which provide
access to common use areas or covered multifamily dwellings
shall comply with the following:

1. Permit the installation of a door not less than 36 inches
(914 mm) in width, not less than 80 inches (2032 mm) in

height and provide a clear width of not less than 32
inches (813 mm), measured with the door positioned at
an angle of 90 degrees from its closed position.

2. Be capable of opening at least 90 degrees.

3. A pair of doors, manual or automatic, must have at least
one leaf which provides a clear width of not less than 32
inches (813 mm), measured with the door positioned at
an angle of 90 degrees from its closed position.

4. The width of any component in the egress system shall
not be less than the minimum width required by Section
1003.2.3.

Revolving doors shall not be used as required entrances for
persons with disabilities.

1126A.2 Level floor or hinding. The floor or landing on each
side of an exit door shall be level. (See Chapter 10).

1126A.2.1 Thresholds and changes in elevation at doors.

The floor or landing shall not be more than Vi inch (12.7
mm) lower than the top of the threshold of the doorway. (See
Figure 11A-8I).

Changes in level between Va inch (6.35 mm) and % inch
(12.7 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1
unit vertical in 2 units horizontal (50% slope). Changes in
level greater than Vi inch (12. 7 mm) shall he accomplished
by means of a ramp (see Section 1122A).

1126A.3 Maneuvering clearances at doors.

1I26A.3.I General. The level floor or landing of an exit
door shall have a length in the direction of the door swing of
at least 60 inches (1524 mm) and a length opposite the
direction of the door swing of at least 44 inches (1118 mm)
measured at right angles to the plane of the door in its
closed position. (See Figures 11 A-8D, 1 1A-8E and 11A-8F
for maneuvering spaces at sliding doors).

1126A.3.2 Strike edge maneuvering space. The width of the
level area on the side to which the door swings shall extend
at least 24 inches (610 mm) past the strike edge of the door
for exterior doors and at least 18 inches (457 mm) past the
strike edge for interior doors.

Note: Twenty-four inches (610 mm) is preferred for
strike-side clearance.

1126A.3.2.1 Front approach. The following provisions
shall apply to swinging doors with front approach:

1. For pull side approach, the level floor or landing
shall extend in the direction of the door swing at
least 60 inches (1524 mm). (See Figure 11A-8A).

2. For push side approach, the level floor or landing
shall extend opposite the direction of the door
swing at least 48 inches (1219 mm). (See Figure
11A-8A).

3. Doors with push side approach having both a
closer and a latch shall be provided with a clear
and level area extending a minimum of 12 inches
(305mm) past the strike edge on the approach side
of the door. (See Figure 11A-8A).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

351

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

1126A.3.2.2 Hinge side approach. The following provi-
sions shall apply to swinging doors with hinge side
approach:

1. Doors with pull side approach shall be provided
with a level floor or landing not less than 60 inches
(1524 mm) in depth. A clear and level area shall
extend a minimum of 36 inches (914 mm) past the
strike edge on the approach side of the door. (See
Figure I'lA-SB).

Exception: Doors with pull side approach and
a level floor or landing greater than 60 inches
(1524 mm) in depth shall be provided with a
clear and level area at least 24 inches (610 mm)
past the strike edge of the door for exterior
doors and at least 18 inches (457 mm) past the
strike edge for interior doors.

2. Doors with push side approach shall have a level
floor or landing not less than 44 inches (1118 mm)
in depth, and shall be provided with a clear and
level area extending a minimum of 54 inches (1372
mm) from the strike edge of the door jamb past the
hinge side of the door. Doors with a latch and
closer shall have a level floor or landing not less
than 48 inches (1219 mm) depth at the push side of
the door (See Figure 11A-8B).

1126A.3.2.3 Latch side approach. The following provi-
sions shall apply to swinging doors with latch side
approach:

1. Doors with pull side approach shall have a level
floor or landing not less than 60 inches (1524 mm)
in depth, and shall be provided with a clear and
level area extending a minimum of 24 inches (610
mm) past the strike edge on the approach side of
the door. (See Figure 11A-8C).

Exception: Doors serving individual covered
multifamily dwelling units shall have a mini-
mum landing depth of 44 inches (1118 mm)
except that doors with a closer shall have a min-
imum landing depth of 54 inches (1372 mm).

2. Doors with push side approach shall have a level
floor or landing not less than 44 inches (1118 mm)
in depth, and shall be provided with a clear and
level area extending a minimum of 24 inches (610
mm) past the strike edge on the approach side of
the door. Doors with a closer shall have a level
floor or landing not less than 48 inches (1219 mm)
depth at the push side of the door. (See Figure
11A-8C).

1126A.3.3 Space between consecutive doors, the minimum
space between two hinged or pivoted doors in series, serv-
ing other than a required exit stairway, shall provide a mini-
mum of 48 inches (1219 mm) plus the width of the door
swinging into the space. Doors in a series shall swing either
in the same direction or away from the space between the
doors. (See Figure 11A-8G, and 11A-8H).

Where the door opens into a stair or smokeproof enclo-
sure, the landing need not have a minimum length of 60
inches (1524 mm). (See Figure 11A-8H).

1126A.4 Closer-effort to operate doors. Maximum effort to
operate doors shall not exceed 8V2 pounds (38 N)for exterior
doors and 5 pounds (22 N)for interior doors, suchpull or push
ejfort being applied at right angles to hinged doors and at the
center plane of sliding or folding doors. Compensating devices
or automatic door operators may be utilized to meet these stan-
dards. When fire doors are required, the maximum ejfort to
operate the door may be increased to the minimum allowable
by the appropriate enforcement agency, not to exceed 15
pounds (66.7 N).

1126A.4.1 Door closer. If the door has a closer, then the
sweep period of the closer shall be adjusted so that from an
open position of 70 degrees, the door will take at least 3 sec-
onds to move to a point 3 inches (75 mm) from the latch,
measured to the landing edge of the door.

1126A.5 Type of lock or latch. The type of latch and lock
required for all doors shall be in accordance with Chapter 10,
Section 1003.3.1.8.

1126A.6 Hand-activated door hardware. Hand-activated
door latching, locking and opening hardware shall be centered
between 30 inches (762 mm) and 44 inches (1118 mm) above
the floor. Latching and locking doors that are hand-activated
and on an accessible route shall be operable with a single ejfort
by lever type hardware, panic bars, push-pull activating bars
or other hardware designed to provide passage without requir-
ing the ability to grasp the opening hardware. Locked exit
doors shall operate consistent with Section 1126A.4, in the
direction of egress.

1126A.6.1 Lever type hardware. The lever or lever of actu-
ated latches or locks shall be curved with a return to within
Vi inch (12.7 mm) of the door to prevent catching on the
clothing of persons during egress.

an occu-

(^('/{•t-ri'g wj jy^t iiyy It'll \a.i/ii vii>q t-g/i^tJUi

Exception: Group R and U occupancies with
pant load of 10 or less.

1126A.7 Smooth surface. The bottom 10 inches (254 mm) of
all doors and/or gates shall have a smooth, uninterrupted sur-
face to allow the door or gate to be opened by a wheelchair
footrest without creating a trap or hazardous condition. Where
narrow frame doors are used, a 10-inch high (254 mm) smooth
panel shall be installed on the push side of the door, which will
allow the door to be opened by a wheelchair footrest without
creating a trap or hazardous condition. (See Figure 11A-8J).

Exception: Automatic and sliding doors or gates.

SECTION 11 27A
COMMON USE FACILITIES

Note: For public use facilities,- see Chapter IIB of this code.

I127A.1 General. When provided, common use areas and
facilities in covered multifamily housing developments shall be
accessible to persons with disabilities. Common use facilities
include, but are not limited to, lobbies, toilet andbathing facili-
ties, laundry facilities, community rooms, clubhouses, health
and fitness facilities, game rooms and portions of common use

352

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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tenant storage. All entrances, doors, fixtures and controls shall
be on an accessible route. Facilities and fixtures required to be
accessible shall comply with the following provisions:

1. Doors. Doors to accessible bathrooms shall comply
with Section 1126A. Doors shall not swing into the
floor space required for any fixture.

2. Clear Floor Space. All fixtures and controls shall be on
an accessible route. Clear floor spaces at fixtures and
controls, the accessible route and the turning space
may overlap. This clear space shall comply with Sec-
tions 1127A.9.4 and 1127A.9.5.

3. Water Closets. Where a toilet stall is provided, it shall
comply with Section 1127A.2.1 or 1127A.2.2, and its
water closet shall comply with Section 1127A.2.3.

4. Lavatory and Mirrors. Where a lavatory and/or mir-
ror is provided, it shall comply with Sections 1127A.3
and/or 1127 A.8.3.

5. Controls and Dispensers. Where controls, dispensers,
receptacles or other types of equipment are provided at
least one of each shall be on an accessible route and
shall comply with Sections 1127 A. 8 andll27A.9.5.

6. Bathing and Shower Facilities. Where bathtubs or
showers are provided, at least one fixture of each type
provided shall be accessible per room. For bathtubs,
see Section 1127A.5.2. For showers, see Section
1127A.5.3.

7. Toilet Facilities. Toilet facilities shall comply with Sec-
tion 1127A.2.

8. Laundry Facilities. Laundry facilities shall comply
with Section 1127A.10.

9. Storage Facilities. Storage facilities shall comply with
Section 1127A.11.

10. Fixed or Built-in Seating, Tables and Counters. Fixed
or built-in seating, tables and counters shall comply
with Section 1127A.12.

1127A.2 Toiletfacilities. When common use toilet facilities are
providedfor residents or guests, at least one percent of the total
number affixtures but not less than one of each type shall com-
ply with this section.

1127A.2.1 Multiple-accommodation toiletfacilities. Mul-
tiple-accommodation toiletfacilities shall have the follow-
ing:

Notes:

1. See definition in Chapter 2.

2. See Figure 11A-9A.

1 . Wheelchair Clearance. A clear space measured from
the floor to a height of 27 inches (686 mm) above the
floor, within the sanitary facility room, of sufficient
size to inscribe a circle with a diameter not less than
60 inches (1524 mm), or a clear space 56 inches by 63
inches (1422 mm by 1600 mm) in size. Other than the
door to the accessible water closet compartment, a
door, in any position, may encroach into this space by
not more than 12 inches (305 mm).

2. Clear Space at Fixtures. Doors shall not swing into
the floor space required for any fixture.

3. Accessible Water Closet Compartment. A water
closet flxture located in a compartment shall provide
a minimum 28-inch-wide (711 mm) clear space from
a fixture, or a minimum 32-inch-wide (813 mm) clear
space from a wall at one side of the water closet. The
other side of the water closet shall provide 18 inches
(457 mm) from the centerline of the water closet to the
wall. The stall shall be a minimum of 60 inches (1524
mm) wide. A minimum 48-inch-long (1219 mm) clear
space shall be provided in front of the water closet if
the compartment has an end-opening door (facing the
water closet). A minimum 60-inch-long (1524 mm)
clear space shall be provided in a compartment with
the door located at the side.

4. Grab Bars. Grab bars shall be installed in accor-
dance with Section 1127A.4 and shall not project
more than 3 inches (76.2 mm) into the clear spaces.

5. Compartment Doors. Compartment doors shall com-
ply with the following:

5.1. The water closet compartment shall be
equipped with a door that has an auto-
matic-closing device, and shall have a clear,
unobstructed opening width of 32 inches (813
mm) when located at the end and 34 inches
(864 mm) when located at the side with the
door positioned at an angle of 90 degrees from
its closed position.

5.2. When standard compartment doors are used,
with a minimum 9-inch (228.6 mm) clearance
forfootrests underneath and a self-closing de-
vice, clearance at the strike edge as specified
in Section 1126A.3.2 is not required.

5.3. The inside and outside of the compartment
door shall be equipped with a loop or
U-shaped handle immediately below the
latch. The latch shall be flip-over style, sliding
or other hardware not requiring the user to
grasp or twist

5.4. Except for door-opening widths and door
swings, a clear, unobstructed access of not
less than 44 inches (1118 mm) shall be pro-
vided to water closet compartments designed
for use by persons with disabilities, and the
space immediately in front of a water closet
compartment shall not be less than 48 inches
(1219 mm) as measured at right angles to
compartment door in its closed position.

6. Large Toilet Rooms. Where six or more stalls are pro-
vided within a multiple-accommodation toilet room,
at least one stall shall comply with Section 1127A.2.1,
Items 2 and 3. At least one additional stall shall be 36
inches (914 mm) wide with an outward swinging
self-closing door and grab bars complying with Sec-
tions 1127A.4.3, 1127A.4.4 and 1127A.4.5 installed
on each compartment side wall.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

353

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

1127A.2.2 Single-accommodation toilet facilities. Sin-
gle-accommodation toilet facilities shall comply with the
following:

1. Wheelchair Clearance. There shall be sufficient
space in the toilet room for a wheelchair measuring
30 inches (762 mm) wide by 48 inches (1219 mm) long
to enter the room and permit the door to close. There
shall be in the room a clear floor space of at least 60
inches (1524 mm) in diameter, or a T-shaped space
complying with Figure IIA-ID.

2. Encroachment of Doors. Doors shall not encroach
into the clear floor space specified in Item 1 of this
section by more than 12 inches (305 mm), except for
the panel door to any water closet compartment. (See
Figure 11A-9B).

3. Accessible Water Closet. The water closet shall be lo-
cated in a space which provides a minimum
28-inch-wide (711 mm) clear space from a fixture or a
minimum 32-inch-wide (813 mm) clear space from a
wall at one side. The other side shall provide 18
inches (457 mm) from the centerline of the water
closet to the wall. A minimum 48 inches (1219 mm) of
clear space shall be provided in front of the water
closet.

4. Grab Bars. Grab bars shall be installed in accor-
dance with Section 1127A.4.

5. Accessible Route. All doors, fixtures and controls
shall be on an accessible route. The minimum clear
width of an accessible route shall be 36 inches (914
mm) except at doors, (See Section 1126A). Ifaperson
in a wheelchair must make a turnaround an obstruc-
tion, the minimum clear width of the accessible route
shall be as shown in Figure IIA-IC. (See also Figure
11A-9B).

1127A.2.3 Water closets. Water closets required to be
accessible shall comply with the following:

1. Height. The height of accessible water closets shall
be a minimum ofl 7 inches (432 mm) to a maximum of
19 inches (483 mm) measured to the top of a maxi-
mum 2-inch-high (50.8 mm) toilet seat.

2. Controls. Controls shall be operable with one hand
and shall not require tight grasping, pinching or
twisting. Controls for the flush valves shall be
mounted on the wide side of toilet areas, no more than
44 inches (1118 mm) above the floor The force re-
quired to activate controls shall be no greater than 5
pound-force (Ibf) (22.2 N).

3. Toilet Seats. Seats shall not be sprung to return to a
lifted position.

1127A.2.4 Accessible urinals. Urinals required to be
accessible shall comply with the following:

1. Height and Wall Projection. Urinals shall be floor
mounted or wall hung. Where one or more wall-hung
urinals are provided, at least one with a rim project-
ing a minimum of 14 inches (356 mm) to a maximum
of 17 inches (432 mm) from the wall and a maximum

of 17 inches (432 mm) above the floor shall be pro-
vided.

2. Flush Controls. Flush controls shall be operable with
one hand, shall not require tight grasping, pinching
or twisting of the wrist and shall be mounted no more
than 44 inches (1118 mm) above the floor The force
required to activate controls shall be no greater than
5 pound-force (Ibf) (22.2 N). Electronic automatic
flushing controls are acceptable and preferable.

3. Clear Floor Space. Where urinals are provided, at
least one shall have a clear floor space 30 inches by
48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) in front of the urinal
to allow forward approach. This clear space shall
comply with Sections 1127A.9.4 and 1127A.5.

1127A.3 Accessible lavatories. When common use lavatories
are provided for residents or guests, at least one, and not less
than 1 percent of all lavatories, shall comply with the follow-
ing:

1. Location. Lavatories shall be installed with the center-
line of the fixture a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) hori-
zontally from an adjoining wall or fixture. The top of the
fixture rim shall be a maximum of 34 inches (864 mm)
above the finished floor

2. Floor space. A clear maneuvering space at least 30
inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) shall be pro-
vided in front of accessible lavatories to allow forward
approach. Such clear floor space shall adjoin or overlap
an accessiOic route anu snuu not extena into ine unet una
toe space underneath the lavatory more than 19 inches
(483 mm). This clear space shall comply with Section
1 127 A.9. 5 for allowable reach ranges.

3. Knee and Toe Space. Knee and toe space (see Figure
11A-9D) shall be provided as follows:

3.1. The knee space shall be at least 30 inches (762
mm) wide and 8 inches deep (203.2 mm).

3.2. The knee space shall be at least 29 inches (737
mm) high at the front face and reducing to not
less than 27 inches (686 mm) at a point 8 inches
(203.2 mm) back from the front edge.

3.3. Knee space required by this section shall be clear
and unobstructed.

3.4. The toe space required in this section shall be
provided as follows:

3.4.1. Shall be at least 30 inches (762 mm) wide
and centered on the lavatory.

3.4.2. Shall be at least 17 inches (432 mm)
deep, measured from the front edge.

3.4.3. Shall be at least 9 inches (228.6 mm)
high from the floor

4. Finished Floor. The finished floor beneath the lavatory
shall be extended to the wall.

5. Plumbing Protection. Hot water and drain pipes acces-
sible under lavatories shall be insulated or otherwise
covered. There shall be no sharp or abrasive surfaces
under lavatories.

354

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

6. Lavatory Faucet Controls. Faucet controls and opera-
tion mechanisms shall be operable with one hand and
shall not require tight grasping, pinching or twisting of
the wrist

The force required to activate controls shall be no greater
than 5 pound-force (Ibf) (22.2N). Lever operated, push type
and electronically controlled mechanisms are examples of
acceptable designs. Self-closing valves are allowed if the fau-
cet remains open for at least 10 seconds.

1127A.4 Grab bars, tub and shower seats, fasteners and
mounting devices.

1127A.4.1 General. Grab bars, tub and shower seats, fas-
teners and mounting devices required by this chapter shall
comply with this section.

1127A.4.2 Location. Grab bars which are located on each
side, or on one side and the back, of the accessible toilet stall
or compartment shall be securely attached and centered 33
inches (838 mm) above and parallel to the floor, except that,
where a tank-type toilet obstructs placement at 33 inches
(838 mm), the grab bar may be centered as high as 36 inches
(914 mm). The space between the grab bar and objects
below shall be a minimum ofV/2 inches (38.1 mm). Grab
bars shall beat least 42 inches (1 067 mm) in length with the
front end positioned 24 inches (61 mm) in front of the water
closet stool. Grab bars at the back shall not be less than 36
inches (914 mm) in length. (See Figures 11A-9A and
11A-9B).

1127A.4.3 Diameter or width. The diameter or width of the
gripping surfaces of a grab bar shall be V/^ inches to V/j
inches (31. 75 mm to 38. 1 mm) or of a shape that provides an
equivalent gripping surface. If grab bars are mounted adja-
cent to a wall, the space between the wall and the grab bars
shall belVi inches (38.1 mm). (See Figure 11A-9C).

1127A.4.4 Structural strength. The structural strength of
grab bars, tub and shower seats, fasteners, and mounting
devices shall meet the following specifications:

1. Bending stress in a grab bar or seat induced by the
maximum bending moment from the application of a
250-pound (1112 N) point load shall be less than the
allowable stress for the material of the grab bar or
seat.

2. Shear stress induced in a grab bar or seat by the ap-
plication of a 250-pound (1112N) point load shall be
less than the allowable shear stress for the material of
the grab bar or seat, and if its mounting bracket or
other support is considered to be fully restrained, then
direct and torsional shear stresses shall not exceed
the allowable shear stress.

3. Shear force induced in a fastener or mounting device
from the application of a 250-pound (1112 N) point
load shall be less than the allowable lateral load of ei-
ther the fastener or mounting device or the supporting
structure, whichever is the smaller allowable load.

4. Tensile force induced in a fastener by a direct tension
force of a 250-pound (1112 N) point load, plus the
maximum moment from the application of a
250-pound (1112 N) point load, shall be less than the

allowable withdrawal load between the fastener and
supporting structure.

5. Grab bars shall not rotate within their fittings.

1127A.4.5 Surface. A grab bar and any wall or other sur-
face adjacent to it shall be free of any sharp or abrasive ele-
ments. Edges shall have a minimum radius of'/g inch (3.17
mm).

1127A.5 Bathing facilities.

1127A.5.1 General. When common use bathing facilities
are provided for residents or guests, including showers,
bathtubs or lockers, at least one of each type of fixture in
each facility, and not less than 1 percent of all fixtures, shall
comply with this section. '

1127A.5.2 Bathtubs. Bathtubs required to be accessible
shall comply with the following:

1. Floor Space. Clear floor space atbathtubs shallbe as
shown in Figure 11A-9E.

2. Seat. An in-tub seat or a seat at the head end of the tub
shall be provided as shown in Figures 11A-9E and
11A-9F. The structural strength of seats and their at-
tachments shall comply with Section 1127A.4.4. Seats
shall be mounted securely and shall not slip during
use.

3. Grab Bars. Grab bars complying with Sections
1127A.4.3, 1127A.4.4 and 1127A.4.5 shall be pro-
vided as shown in Figures 11A-9F and 11A-9G.

4. Controls. Faucets and other controls shall be located
as shown in Figure 11A-9F. They shall be operable
with one hand and shall not require tight grasping,
pinching or twisting of the wrist. The force required to
activate controls shall be no greater than a 5 pound
force (Ibf) (22.2 N).

5. Shower Spray Unit. A shower spray unit with a hose
at least 60 inches (1524 mm) long that can be used
both as a fixed shower head and as a hand-held
shower shall be provided.

6. Bathtub Enclosures. If provided, enclosures for
bathtubs shall not obstruct controls or transfer from
wheelchairs onto bathtub seats or into tubs. Enclo-
sures on bathtubs shall not have tracks mounted on
their rims.

1127A.5.3 Showers. Showers required to be accessible
shall comply with the following:

1. Size. Showers shall be consistent with one of the fol-
lowing: (1) 60 inches (1524 mm) minimum in width
between wall surfaces and 30 inches (762 mm) mini-
mum in depth with a full opening width on the long
side; or (2) 42 inches (1067 mm) in width between
wall surfaces and 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum in
depth with an entrance opening of 42 inches (1067
mm); or (3) showers 60 inches (1524 mm) minimum in
width may be 36 inches (914 mm) minimum in depth
as long as the entrance opening width is a minimum
36 inches (914 mm).

2. Thresholds. When a threshold or recessed drop is
permitted, it shall be a maximum ofV2 inch (12. 7 mm)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

355

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

in height and shall be beveled or sloped at an angle
not exceeding 45 degrees (100 percent gradient) from
the horizontal.

3. Multiple Showers. Where, within the same functional
area, two or more accessible showers are provided,
there shall be at least one shower constructed oppo-
site hand from the other or others (i.e., one left-hand
control versus right-hand controls).

4. Accessories. Shower accessories shall include:

4.1. Water Controls. Water controls of a single-le-
ver design shall be located on the side wall of
the compartment adjacent to the seat and op-
erable with a maximum force of 5 pounds
(22.2 N), mounted at 40 inches (1016 mm)
[plus or minus 1 inch (25.4 mm) tolerance]
above the shower floor. The centerline of the
controls shall be within a reach range of no
less than 18 inches (457 mm) and no more
than 24 inches (610 mm) from the rear edge of
the seat

4.2. Hand-held Sprayer Unit. A flexible
hand-held sprayer unit with a hose at least 60
inches (1524 mm) long shall be provided
within reach range of the seat at a distance not
to exceed 27 inches (686 mm) horizontally
measured from the rear seat edge to the cen-
terline of the mounting bracket. This unit shall
be mounted at a maximum height of 48 inches

(I'y.lQ mm) fnJrj.v nr mim/v 1 irtrh ("2^ A yttm]
I -^ ux "• -"' * •"-»"- ^ — . . ,,.,,./

tolerance] above the shower floor.

4.3. Sprayer Unit Alternative. Where accessible
shower facilities are provided in areas subject
to excessive vandalism, in lieu of providing
the fixed flexible hose, two wall-mounted
shower heads shall be installed. Each shower
head shall he installed so that it can be oper-
ated independently of the other and shall have
swivel angle adjustments, both vertically and
horizontally. One shower head shall be lo-
cated at a height of 48 inches (1219 mm) [plus
or minus 1 inch (25.4 mm) tolerance] above
the floor.

4.4. Floor Slope. The maximum slope of the floor
shall be 2 percent per foot in any direction.
Where drains are provided, grate openings
shall be a maximum of^/4 inch (6.35 mm) and
located flush with the floor surface.

5. Shower Fixtures. Shower fixtures shall include:

5.1. A folding seat located within 27 inches (686
mm) of the controls, mounted 18 inches (457
mm) above the floor and with a minimum
space of 1 inch (25.4 mm) and maximum
space of IV2 inches (38.1 mm) allowed be-
tween the edge of the seat and any wall. When
folded, the seat shall not extend more than 6

inches (152.4 mm) from the mounting wall.
(See Figures 11A-9H, llA-91, 11A-9J and
11A-9K).

5.2. Grab bars located on walls adjacent to and
opposite the seat. Grab bars shall comply with
the diameter, loading and projection require-
ments of Sections 1127A.4.3, 1127A.4.4 and
1127A.4.5. Grab bars shall be mounted be-
tween a minimum of 3 3 inches (838 mm) and a
maximum of 36 inches (914 mm) above the
shower floor with an L-shaped grab bar
mounted on walls opposite and adjacent to the
front edge of the seat, but not extended to in-
clude that portion of wall over the seat. (See
Figure 11A-9H or llA-91).

6. Soap Dish. When a soap dish is provided, it shall be
located on the control wall at a maximum height of 40
inches (1016 mm) above the shower floor, and within
reach limits from the seat.

7. Enclosures. Enclosures, when provided for shower
stalls, shall not obstruct transfer from wheelchairs
onto shower seats.

Note: See Figures 11 A-9H, 11A-9I, 1 1A-9J and 1 1A-9K.

1127A.5.3.1 Open showers. Where no separate shower
compartments are provided, the shower for persons with
disabilities shall be located in a comer with L-shaped
grab bars extending along two adjacent walls with a
folding seat adjacent to the shower controls. (See Fig-
ures iiA-yn, iia-vi, iiA-yj ana iia-)^k).

1127A.6 Lockers.

1127A.6.1 General. Where lockers are provided for resi-
dents or guests, at least one locker and not less than 1 per-
cent of all lockers shall be accessible to persons with
disabilities. A path of travel not less than 36 inches (914
mm) in clear width shall be provided to these lockers. See
Section 1127A.9for required clear space, allowable reach
ranges and requirements for control and operating mecha-
nisms.

1127A.7 Signs.

1127A.7.1 General. All accessible toilet and bathing facili-
ties shall be identified by the "International Symbol of
Accessibility." Signs need not be provided for facilities
■ within a dwelling unit or guestroom.

1127A.7.2 Identification symbols. Doorways leading to
men 's sanitary facilities shall be identified by an equilateral
triangle % inch thick (6.4 mm) with edges 12 inches (305
mm) long and a vertex pointing upward. Women's sanitary
facilities shall be identified by a circle, V^ inch-thick
(6.4mm) and 12 inches (305mm) in diameter. Unisex sani-
tary facilities shall be identified by a circle '/4-inch thick
(6.4 mm), 12 inches (305 mm) in diameter with a
'/4-inch-thick (6.4 mm) triangle superimposed on the circle
and within the 12 inch (305 mm) diameter. These geometric
symbols shall be centered on the door at a height of 60

356

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

inches (1524 mm) and their color and contrast shall be dis-
tinctly different from the color and contrast of the door.

Note: See also Section 1143A.10 for additional signage
requirements applicable to sanitary facilities.

1127A.8 Toilet room fixtures and accessories.

1127A.8.1 Towel, sanitary napkins, waste receptacles.

Where towel, sanitary napkins, waste receptacles and other
similar dispensing and disposal fixtures are provided, at
least one of each type shall be located with all operable
parts, including coin slots, within 40 inches (1016 mm) from
the finished floor. Controls and operating mechanisms shall
comply with Section 1127A.9.6.4.

1127A.8.2 Toilet tissue dispensers. Toilet tissue dispensers
shall be located on the wall within 12 inches (305 mm) of the
front edge of the toilet seat. Dispensers that control delivery
or that do not permit continuous paper flow shall not be
used. (See Figure 11A-9B).

1127A.8.3 Mirrors. Where mirrors are provided, at least
one shall be accessible. Mirrors shall be mounted with the
bottom edge no higher than 40 inches (1016 mm) from the
floor.

1127A.9 Space allowances and reach ranges in common use
areas.

1127A.9.1 Wheelchair passage width. The minimum clear
width for single wheelchair passage shall be 36 inches (914
mm) continuously. (See Figure 11 A- IE).

Exception: Thirty-two inches (813 mm) in width is
acceptable at a point not to exceed 24 inches (610 mm) in
length.

1127A.9.2 Width for wheelchair passing. The minimum
width for two wheelchairs to pass is 60 inches (1524 mm)
(see Figure IIA-IF).

1127A.9.3 Wheelchair turning space. The space required
for a wheelchair to make a 180-degree turn is a clear space
of 60 inches (1524 mm) diameter (See Figure llA-lD(a) or
a T-shaped space, see Figure llA-lD(b)).

1127A.9.4 Clear floor or ground space for wheelchairs.

1127A.9.4.1 Size and approach. The minimum clear
floor or ground space required to accomrriodate a single,
stationary wheelchair and occupant is 30 inches by 48
inches (762 mm by 1219 mm). (See Figure IIA-IG.) The
minimum clear floor or ground space for wheelchairs
may be positioned for forward or parallel approach to an
object (See Figure 1 lA-1 G). Clear floor or ground space
for wheelchairs may be part of the knee space required
under some objects.

1127A.9.4.2 Relationship of maneuvering clearances
to wheelchair spaces. One full unobstructed side of the
clear floor or ground space for a wheelchair shall adjoin
or overlap an accessible route or adjoin another wheel-
chair clear floor space. If a clear floor space is located in
an alcove or otherwise confined on all or a part of three
sides, additional maneuvering clearances shall be pro-
vided as shown in Figure IIA-IH.

1127A.9.4.3 Surfaces of wheelchair spaces. Clear floor
or ground spaces for wheelchairs shall comply with Sec-
tions 1119A.2, 1120A.3 and 1121 A.

1127A.9.4.3.1 Gratings. Gratings located in ground
and floor surfaces along accessible routes shall be
limited to spaces no greater than Vi-inch (12. 7 mm)
wide in one direction. If gratings have elongated
openings, they shall be placed so that the long dimen-
sion is perpendicular to the dominate direction of
traffic.

1127A.9.5 Reach ranges.

1127A.9,5.1 Foward reach. If the clear floor space
allows only forward approach to an object, the maximum
high forward reach allowed shall be 48 inches (1219
mm) and the minimum low forward reach shall be unob-
structed and no less than 15 inches (381 mm) above the
floor (see Figure. 11 A- 11(a)). If the highforward reach is
over an obstruction, reach and clearances shall be as
shown in Figure IIA-Il(b).

1127A.9.5.2 Side reach. If the clear floor space allows
parallel approach by a person in a wheelchair, the maxi-
mum high side reach allowed shall be 54 inches (1372
mm) and the low side reach shall be no less than 9 inches
(228.6 mm) above the floor (see Figure llA-lJ(a) and
llA-lJ(b)). If the side reach is over an obstruction, the
reach and clearances shall be as shown in Figure
IIA-IJC).

1127A.9.6 Controls and operating mechanisms.

Note: See also Section 1142A, for electrical installation.

1127A.9.6.1 General. Controls and operating mecha-
nisms in accessible spaces, along accessible routes or as
part of accessible elements (e.g., light switches and dis-
penser controls) shall comply with this section.

1127A.9.6.2 Clear floor space. Clear floor space com-
plying with Section 1127A.9.4 that allows a forward or
parallel approach by a person using a wheelchair shall
be provided at controls, dispensers, receptacles and
other operable equipment

1127A.9.6.3 Height. Controls shall be locatedno higher
than 48 inches (1219 mm), and no lower than 15 inches
(381 mm), above the finished floor measured to the cen-
ter of the grip. If the reach is over an obstruction (for
example, washer or dryer) between 20 and 25 inches
(508 and 635 mm) in depth, the maximum height is
reduced to 44 inches (1118 mm) for forward approach,
or 46 inches (1168 mm) for side approach, provided the
obstruction is no more than 24 inches (610 mm) in depth.
Controls that do not satisfy these specifications are
acceptable, provided that comparable controls or out-
lets, that perform the same functions, areprovidedwithin
the same area and are accessible.

1127A.9.6.4 Operation. Controls and operating mecha-
nisms shall be operable with one hand and shall not
require tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the wrist.
The force required to activate controls shall be no
greater than 5 pounds (22.2 N) of force.

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1127A.10 Common accessible laundry rooms.

1127A.10.1 General. Where common use laundry rooms
are provided, at least one of each type of appliance provided
in each laundry area shall be accessible, shall be on an
accessible route and shall comply with this section. Such
appliances include clothes washing machines, dryers, soap
dispensers and any related features such as wash sinks,
tables and storage areas.

Where laundry rooms are provided on floors of an eleva-
tor building, each laundry room shall be accessible. Where
there is one laundry room on a ground floor in each build-
ing, each laundry room shall be accessible. Where there is a
laundry room on the ground floor of a building and another
located in the basement, it is acceptable to have only the
ground floor laundry room accessible.

1127A.10.2 Clear floor space. There shall be a minimum
clear space 30 inches perpendicular by 48 inches parallel
(762 mm by 1219 mm) in front of clothes washers and dryers
required to be accessible.

There shall be a minimum clear space 30 inches by 48
inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) provided for at least one of
each type of fixture or appliance provided in the laundry
room (e.g. soap dispensers, wash sinks, tables, storage
areas).

1127A.10.3 Controls. Clothes washers and dryers includ-
ing stacked clothes washers and dryers required to be
accessible shall have controls (including coin slots) within
the reach range of a seated user. Controls shall be located
no higher than 48 inches (1219 mm), and no lower than 15
inches (381 mm), above the finished floor measured to the
center of the grip. If the reach is over an obstruction (for
example, washer or dryer) between 20 and 25 inches (508
and 635 mm) in depth, the maximum height is reduced to 44
inches (1118mm) forforwardapproach, or46 inches (1168
mm) for side approach. Controls that do not satisfy these
specifications are acceptable, provided that comparable
controls or outlets, thatperformthe same functions, are pro-
vided within the same area and are accessible.

Controls shall be operable with one hand and not require
tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the wrist.

1127A.10.4 Washing machines and clothes dryer. Washing
machines and clothes dryers in accessible' common use
laundry rooms shall be front loading.

1127A.11 Storage.

1127A.11.1 General Iffixed storage facilities such as cabi-
nets, shelves, closets or drawers are provided where access
is required by Sections 108.2.1.2 and 1102A, at least one of
each type of facility provided shall comply with this section.
Additional storage may be provided outside of the reach
ranges shown in Figure IIA-IJ.

1127A.11.2 Clear floor space. A clear floor space at least
30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) complying
with Section 1127A.9.4 that allows either a forward or par-
allel approach by a person using a wheelchair shall be pro-
vided at accessible storage facilities.

1127A.11.3 Height. Accessible storage spaces shall be
within at least one of the reach ranges specifled in Section
1127A.9.5. Clothes rods shall be a maximum of 54 inches
(1372 mm) from the floor for a side approach (see Figure
llA-lJ).Where the distance from the wheelchair to the
clothes rod or shelf exceeds 10 inches (254 mm), as in clos-
ets without accessible doors, the height and depth to the rod
or shelf shall comply with Figure IIA-IJ.

1127A.11.4 Hardware. Hardware for accessible storage
facilities shall comply with Section 1127A.9.6. Touch
latches and U-shaped pulls are acceptable.

1127A.12 Fixed or built-in seating, tables and counters

1127A.12.1 Minimum seating. Where fixed or built-in seat-
ing, tables or counters are provided for residents or guests,
5 percent, but not less than one, shall be accessible as pro-
vided in this section.

1127A.12.2 Seating. When seating spaces for persons in
wheelchairs are provided at fixed tables or counters, clear
floor space complying with Section 1 127 A.9.4 shall be pro-
vided. Such clear floor space shall not overlap knee space
by more than 19 inches (483 mm). (See Figure IIA-IK).

1127A.12.3 Knee clearance. When seating for persons in
wheelchairs is provided at fixed tables or counters, knee
spaces at least 27 inches (686 mm) high, 30 inches (762 mm)
wide and 19 inches (483 mm) deep shall be provided. (See
Figure IIA-IK).

1127A.12.4 Height ofwork surfaces. The tops of tables and

counters shall be 28 inches to 34 inches (711 mm to 864 mm)
from the floor or ground.

Division IV— DWELLING UNIT FEATURES

Division IV Table of Contents

Section 1128A Covered Dwelling Units

Section 1129A Reserved

Section 1130A Accessible Route within Covered Mul-
tifamily Dwelling Units

Section 1131A Changes in Level on Accessible Routes

Section 1132A Doors

Section 113 3 A Kitchens

Section 1 134A Bathing and Toilet Facilities

Section 1135A Laundry Rooms

Section 1136A Electrical Receptacle, Switch and Con-
trol Heights

SECTION 11 28A
COVERED DWELLING UNITS

1128A.1 General. Covered multifamily dwelling units shall be
adaptable and accessible into and throughout the dwelling unit
as provided in this division.

Note: See Sections IIOIA "Application" and 1102A
"Building Accessibility "for dwelling units required to com-
ply with this division.

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SECTION 11 29A
Reserved

SECTION 11 30A

ACCESSIBLE ROUTE WITHIN COVERED

MULTIFAMILY DWELLING UNITS

1130A.1 General An accessible route shall be provided
through all rooms and spaces of the dwelling unit. The accessi-
ble route shall pass through the primary entry door, and shall
connect with all additional exterior doors, required clear floor
spaces at kitchen appliances and bathroom fixtures. For the
purpose of this section, "accessible routes" may include hall-
ways, corridors and ramps.

Exception: An accessible route is not required from the inte-
rior of the unit into a basement or garage, except as pro-
vided in Section 1105A.1.

SECTION 1131 A
CHANGES IN LEVEL ON ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

1131A.1 Changes in level not exceeding V2 inch. Abrupt
changes in level along any accessible route shall not exceed V2
inch (12.7 mm). When changes in level do occur, they shall be
beveled with a slope no greater than 1 unit vertical in 2 units
horizontal (50-percent slope). Changes in level not exceeding
% inch (6.35 mm) may be vertical.

1131A.2 Changes greater than Vj inch. Changes in level
greater than Vj inch (12.7 mm) shall be made by means of a
ramp, elevator or special access lift. See Section 1122A for
ramps and Section 1124A.11 for special access lifts.

SECTION 11 32A
DOORS

1132A.1 Primary entry doors and required exit doors. The

primary entry door and all required exit doors shall comply
with the requirements of this section. The requirements of Sec-
tions 1126A.3 shall apply to maneuvering clearances at the
side of the door exposed to common or public use spaces (e.g.
entry or exit doors which open from the covered multifamily
dwelling unit into a corridor, hallway or lobby, or directly to
the outside).

1132A.2 Interior doors and secondary exterior doors. Doors

intended for user passage and secondary exterior doors shall
comply with this section. The provisions of this section shall
apply to the dwelling unit side of doors leading from the inte-
rior of the dwelling unit to an unfinished basement or a garage
attached to a single-story dwelling unit.

1132A.3 Width and height of doors. Doors shall comply with
the following:

1. Doors shall not be less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) in
height.

2. Swinging doors shall provide a net clear opening width
of not less than 32 inches (813 mm), measured with the
door or doors positioned at an angle of 90 degrees from
the closed position. A 34-inch (864 mm) door is accept-

able. The primary entry door and all required exit doors
shall comply with the requirements of Section 1126A.1.

3. Swinging doors shall be capable of opening at least 90
degrees.

4. A nominal 32-inch (813 mm) clear opening provided by a
standard 6-foot wide (1829 mm) sliding patio door as-
sembly is acceptable.

5. A pair of doors, manual or automatic, must have at least
one leaf which provides a clear width of not less than 32
inches (813 mm), measured with the door positioned at
an angle of 90 degrees from its closed position.

6. The width of any component in the means of egress sys-
tem shall not be less than the minimum width required by
Section 1003.2.3.

1132A.4 Level floor or landing. See also Chapter 10, Section
1003.3.1.6.2. The floor or landing on each side of a door shall
be level. Primary entry doors, required exit doors or secondary
exterior doors'with changes in height between the interior sur-
face or floor level and the exterior surface or floor level shall
comply with the following:

1. Exterior landings of impervious construction (e.g., con-
crete, brick, flagstone) serving primary entry doors and
required exit doors are limited to not more than V2 inch
(12.7 mm) of change in height between floor surfaces.
Changes in level shall comply with Section 1131A.

2. Exterior landings of pervious construction (e.g., wood
decking with spaces) shall be the same level as the inte-
rior landing, except that secondary exterior doors may
have no more than V2 inch (12. 7 mm) of change in height
between floor surfaces. Changes in level shall comply
with Section 1131 A.

3. Secondary exterior doors onto decks, patios or balcony
surfaces constructed of impervious materials (e.g., con-
crete, brick, flagstone) may have a maximum change in
height from the interior landing of 4 inches (101.6 mm).
Changes in height greater than % inch (12.7 mm) shall
be accomplished by means of a ramp.

4. In buildings containing covered multifamily dwelling
units, the floor or landing immediately outside the entry
may be sloped up to % inch (6.35 mm) per foot (12
inches) (305 mm), in a direction away from the primary
entrance of the dwelling unit for drainage.

1132A.4.1 Thresholds. Thresholds at the primary entry and .
required exit doors shall be no higher than V2 Inch (12. 7
mm). Thresholds at secondary exterior doors, including
sliding door tracks, shall be no higher than % inch (19.05
mm). Changes in height at interior door thresholds (e.g.
floor material changes at door thresholds) shall not exceed
^2 inch (12. 7 mm). Thresholds shall comply with the follow-
ing:

1. Thresholds with a change in height of not more than 'A
inch (6.35 mm) may be vertical.

2. Thresholds with a change in height between V^ inch
(6.35 mm) and % inch (19.05 mm) shall be beveled
with a slope no greater than 1 unit vertical in 2 units
horizontal (50-percent slope).

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1132A.5 Maneuvering clearances at doors.

1132A.5.1 General. Maneuvering clearances at interior
doors shall provide a minimum length on both sides of the
door of at least 42 inches (1067 mm) measured at a right
angle to the plane of the door in its closed position.

Exceptions:

1. A 39 inch (991 mm) length is acceptable when a
minimum clear opening width of 34 inches (864
mm) is provided.

2. The floor or landing on the dwelling unit side of the
primary entry door arid any required exit door
shall have a minimum length of not less than 44
inches (1118 mm). Section 1126A.3 shall apply to
maneuvering clearances at the side of the door ex-
posed to common or public use spaces.

Note: See Section lllOA.5.3, Item 4.

1132A.5.2 Strike edge maneuvering space at doors. The

width of the level area on the side to which the door swings
shall extend 18 inches (457 mm) past the strike edge for all
doors. The width of the level area at the exterior side of the
primary entry door and any required exit doors shall com-
ply with Section 1126A.

Notes:

1. See Section 1 134A for bathrooms that are required
to be accessible.

2. Twenty-four inches (610 mm) is preferred for strike
edge clearance.

1132A.6 Closer-effort to operate doors. Maximum effort to
operate doors shall not exceed 8V2 pounds (38 N)for exterior
doors and 5 pounds (22 N)for interior doors, such pull or push
effort being applied at right angles to hinged doors and at the
center plane of sliding or folding doors. Compensating devices
or automatic door operators may be utilized to meet these stan-
dards. When fire doors are required, the maximum effort to
operate the door may be increased to the minimum allowable
by the appropriate enforcement agency, not to exceed 15
pounds (66.7 N).

1132A.7 Type of lock or latch. The type of latch and lock
required for all doors shall be in accordance with Chapter 10,
Section 1003.3.1.8.

1132A.8 Hand-activated door hardware. Hand-activated
door latching, locking and opening hardware shall be centered
between 30 inches (762 mm) and 44 inches (1118 mm) above
the floor. Latching and locking doors that are hand-activated
and on an accessible route shall be operable with a single effort
by lever-type hardware, panic bars, push-pull activating bars
or other hardware designed to provide passage without requir-
ing the ability to grasp the opening hardware. Locked exit
doors shall operate consistent with Section 1132A.6, in the
direction of egress.

1132A.8.1 Lever-type hardware. The lever or lever of actu-
ated latches or locks shall be curved with a return to within
V2 inch (12. 7 mm) of the door to prevent catching on the
clothing of persons during egress in Group R and U occu-
pancies with an occupant load greater than 10.

1132A.9 Smooth surface. The bottom 10 inches (254 mm) of
all doors shall have a smooth, uninterrupted surface to allow
the door to be opened by a wheelchair footrest without creating
a trap or hazardous condition. Where narrow frame doors are
used, a 10-inch-high (254 mm) smooth panel shall be installed
on the push side of the door which will allow the door to be
opened by a wheelchair footrest without creating a trap or haz-
ardous condition. (See Figure 11A-8J).

Exception: Automatic and sliding doors.

1132A.10 Door signal devices. Every primary entrance to a
coveredmultifamily dwelling unit shall be providedwitha door
buzzer, bell, chime or equivalent, The activating mechanism
shall be mounted a maximum of 48 inches (1219 mm) above the
floor and connected to permanent wiring.

SECTION 11 33 A
KITCHENS

1133A.1 General. Kitchens shall be on an accessible route and
shall comply with this section.

1133A.2 Clear floor space. Clear floor space at kitchens shall
comply with the following:

1. A clear floor space at least 30-inches (762 mm) by
48-inches (1219 mm) that allows a parallel approach by
a person in a wheelchair shall be provided at the range or
cooktop.

2. A clear floor space at least 30 inches (762 mm) by 48
inches (1219 mm) that allows either a parallel or for-
ward approach shall be provided at the kitchen sink and
all other fixtures or appliances including the oven, dish-
washer, refrigerator/freezer and trash compactor.

3. The centerline of the 30-inch (762 mm) by 48-inch (1219
mm) clear floor space provided for parallel or forward
approach shall be aligned with the centerline of the ap-
pliance or fixture. (See Figure IIA-IOA).

1133A.2.1 Clear width. Kitchens shall have a minimum
clear width measured between any cabinet, countertop or
the face of any appliance (excluding handles and controls)
that projects into the kitchen and the opposing cabinet,
countertop, appliance or wall as follows:

1. U-shaped kitchens, designed with parallel approach
at a range or cooktop located at the base of the U,
shall have a minimum clear width of at least 60 inches
(1524 mm). (See Figure llA-lOA).

2. U-Shaped kitchens, designed with a cooktop or sink
located at the base of the U which provides a
30-inch-wide (762 mm) knee space to a height of 27
inches (686 mm) above the floor to allow for a for-
ward approach, shall have a clear width of at least 48
inches (1219 mm). (See Figure llA-lOA).

3. All other kitchen designs shall provide a minimum
clear width of at least 48 inches (1219 mm). (See Fig-
ure llA-lOA).

1133A.3 Removable base cabinets. Base cabinets directly
under the kitchen sink counter area, including toeboard and
shelving, shall be removable without the use of specialized

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tools or specialized knowledge in order to provide clearance
for a wheelchair The finish floor beneath the kitchen sink coun-
ter area shall be extended to the wall.

1133A.4 Countertops. Kitchen countertops shall comply with
this section and shall be provided with the following (see Sec-
tion 1133A.4.1for repositionable countertop requirements):

1. A minimum linear length of 30 inches (762 mm) of
countertop shall be provided for the kitchen sink installa-
tion.

2. A minimum linear length of 30 inches (762 mm) of
countertop shall be provided for a work surface.

3. The sink and work surface may be a single integral unit a
minimum of 60 inches (1524 mm) in length, or be sepa-
rate components.

Exception: Two 15-inch (381 mm) minimum width
breadboards may be provided in lieu of the required
30 inches (762 mm) of countertop work surface.

1133A.4.1 Repositionable countertops. Repositionable
countertops shall be provided in a minimum of 5 percent of
the covered multifamily dwelling units. Repositionable
countertops shall comply with the following:

1. The kitchen sink and work surface space required by
Section 1133A.4 shall be designed to enable reposi-
tioning to a minimum height of 28 inches (711 mm).

2. Base cabinets directly under the kitchen sink and
work surface shall be removable to provide clearance
for a wheelchair.

3. The sides of adjacent cabinets and the back wall,
which may become exposed to moisture or food han-
dling when a countertop is lowered, shall be con-
structed of durable, nonabsorbent materials
appropriate for such uses.

4. Finished flooring shall be extended to the wall be-
neath the sink and work surface.

Exception:

1. Stone, cultured stone and tiled countertops
may be used without meeting the reposition-
ing requirements.

2. Two 15 -inch (381 mm) minimum width
breadboards may be provided in lieu of the
required 30 inches (762 mm) of countertop
work surface.

1133A.5 Lower shelving. Lower shelving and/or drawer space
shall be provided in the kitchen at a height of no more than 48
inches (1219 mm) above the floor.

1133A.6 Kitchen sink faucet controls. Faucet controls and
operating mechanisms shall be operable with one hand and
shall not require tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the
wrist.

The force required to activate controls shall be no greater
than 5 pound force (22.2N). Lever-operated, push-type and
electronically controlled mechanisms are examples of accept-
able designs. Self-closing valves are allowed if the faucet
remains open for at least 10 seconds.

SECTION 11 34A
BATHING AND TOILET FACILITIES

1134A.1 General. All bathrooms, bathing and toilet facilities
within covered multifamily dwelling units shall comply with
this section.

1134A.2 Number of complying bathrooms. Bathrooms shall
be designed to comply with one of the following options:

Option 1. All bathrooms within the dwelling unit shall be
designed to comply with the following:

1. Toilet, bathing and shower facilities shall comply
with Section 1134A.4.

2. Bathtubs shall comply with Section 1134A.5.

3. Showers shall comply with Section 1134A.6.

4. Water closets shall comply with Section 1134A.7.

5. Lavatories, vanities, mirrors and towelfixtures shall
comply with Section 1134A.8.

6. Bathrooms shall be provided with an accessible
route into and through the bathroom.

7. If a door is provided, it shall comply with the re-
quirements of Section 1132A.5.

8. A minimum 18-inch (457 mm) clear maneuvering
space shall be provided on the swing side of the door
at the strike edge of the door.

9. Switches, outlets and controls shall comply with
Section 11 42 A.

10. Reinforced walls to allow for the future installation
of grab bars around the toilet, tub and shower shall
comply with Sections 1134A.5 for bathtubs,
1134A.6 for showers and 1134A. 7 for water closets.
Grab bars shall comply with Section 1127A.4.

Option 2. Only one bathroom within the dwelling unit shall
be designed to comply with the following:

1. Toilet, bathing and shower facilities shall comply
with Section 1134A.4.

2. Bathtubs shall comply with Section 1134A.5.

3. Showers shall comply with Section 1134A.6.

4. Water closets shall comply with Section 1134A. 7.

5. Lavatories, vanities, mirrors and towelfixtures shall
comply with Section 1134A.8.

6. Where both a tub and shower are provided in the
bathroom, at least one shall be made accessible. See
Section 1134A.5 for bathtubs, or Section 1134A.6
for showers.

7. When two or more lavatories are provided, at least
one shall be made accessible and comply with Sec-
tion 1134A.8.

8. Bathrooms shall be provided with an accessible
route into and through the bathroom.

9. If a door is provided, it shall comply with the re-
quirements of Section 1132A.5.

10. A minimum 18-inch (457 mm) clear maneuvering
space shall be provided on the swing side of the door
at the strike edge of the door.

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11. Switches, outlets and controls shall comply with
Section 1142 A.

12. Reinforced walls to allow for the future installation
of grab bars around the toilet, tub and shower shall
comply with Sections 1134A.5 for bathtubs,
1 134A. 6 for showers and 1 134 A. 7 for water closets.
Grab bars shall comply with Section 1127A.4.

When Option 2 is used, all additional bathrooms must com-
ply with Items 8 through 12 above.

1134A.3 Powder rooms. All powder rooms located on floor
levels required to be accessible shall comply with Items 1
through 6 of this section. When the powder room is the only toi-
let facility located on an accessible level, it shall comply with
Items 1 through 7 of this section.

1. Accessible Route. Powder rooms shall be provided with
an accessible route into and through the powder room
and shall comply with Section 1134A.4.

2. Doors. If a door is provided, it shall comply with the re-
quirements of Section 1132A.5.

3. Water Closets. Water closets shall comply with Section
1134A.7.

4. Lavatories, Vanities, Mirrors and Towel Fixtures. Lav-
atories, vanities, mirrors and towel fixtures shall comply
with Section 1134A.8.

5. Strike Edge Maneuvering Space. A minimum 18-inch
(457 mm) clear maneuvering space shall be provided on
the swing side of the door at the strike edge of the door.

6. Accessible Switches, Outlets and Controls. Switches,
outlets and controls shall comply with Section 11 42 A.

7. Reinforced Walls for Grab Bars. Reinforced walls to al-
low for the future installation of grab bars around the toi-
let shall comply with Section 1134A.7 for water closets.
Grab bars shall comply with Section 1127A.4.

1134A.4 Sufficient maneuvering space. Bathing and toilet
facilities required to be adaptable shall provide sufficient
maneuvering space for a person using a wheelchair or other
mobility aid to enter and close the door, use the fixtures, reopen
the door and exit.

Where the door swings into the bathroom or powder room,
there shall be a clear maneuvering space outside the swing of
the door of at least 30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219
mm) within the room. The clear maneuvering space shall allow
the user to position a wheelchair or other mobility aid clear of
thepath of the door as it is closed and to permit use of fixtures.

Doors may swing into the required clear space at any fixture
when a clear maneuvering space is provided outside the swing
arc of the door so it can be closed.

Maneuvering spaces may include any knee space or toe
space available below bathroom fixtures.

1134A.5 Bathtubs. Bathtubs required to be accessible shall
comply with this section.

1. Floor Space. There shall be a minimum clear floor space
48 inches parallel by 30 inches perpendicular (1219 mm
by 762 mm) to the side of a bathtub or bathtub-shower
combination (measured from the foot or drain end of the

bathtub) to provide for the maneuvering of a wheelchair
and transfer to and from the bathing facilities. The area
under a lavatory may be included in the clear floor space
provided the knee and toe space comply with Section
1134A.8. Cabinets under lavatories and toilets shall not
encroach into the clear floor space.

2. Reinforced Walls for Grab Bars. A bathtub installed
without surrounding walls shall provide reinforced areas
for the installation of floor-mounted grab bars.

Where a bathtub is installed with surrounding
walls, grab bar reinforcement shall be located on
each end of the bathtub, 32 inches to 38 inches (813
mm to 965 mm) above the floor, extending a minimum
of 24 inches (610 mm) from the front edge of the bath-
tub toward the back wall of the bathtub. The grab bar
reinforcement shall be a minimum of 6 inches (152.4
mm) nominal in height. (See Figure 11A-9G).

Grab bar reinforcement shall be installed on the
backwall of the bathtub a maximum of 6 inches (152.4
mm) above the bathtub rim extending upward to at
least 38 inches (965 mm) above the floor. Grab bar
backing shall be installed horizontally to permit the
installation of a 48-inch (1219 mm) grab bar with
each end a maximum of 6 inches (152.4 mm) from the
end walls of the bathtub. The grab bar reinforcement
shall be a minimum of 6 inches (152.4 mm) nominal in
height

3. Bathtub Controls. Faucet controls and operation mech-
anisms shall be operable with one hand and shall not re-
quire tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the wrist.

The force required to activate controls shall be no greater
than 5 pound-force (22.2 N). Lever operated, push type and
electronically controlled mechanisms are examples of
acceptable designs.

4. Shower Unit. A shower spray unit is not required in
bathtubs.

5. Bathtub Enclosures. Doors and panels of bathtub en-
closures shall be substantially constructed from ap-
proved, shatter-resistant materials. Hinged doors shall
open outward. Glazing used in doors and panels of bath-
tub enclosures shall be fully tempered, laminated safety
glass or approved plastic. When glass is used, it shall
have minimum thickness of not less than '/g inch (3.17
mm) when fully tempered, or V^ inch (6.35 mm) when
laminated, and shall pass the test requirements of this
part. Chapter 24, Glass and Glazing. Plastics used in
doors andpanels of bathtub enclosures shall be of a shat-
ter-resistant type.

1134A.6 Showers. Showers required to be accessible shall
comply with this section.

1. Size. When a shower stall is provided, at least one
shower stall shall measure at least 42 inches wide by 48
inches deep (1067 mm by 1219 mm) with an entrance
opening of at least 36 inches (914 mm). The maximum
slope of the shower floor shall be Vz inch (12. 7 mm) per
foot in any direction and shall slope toward the rear to a
drain located within 6 inches (152.4 mm) of the rear wall.

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The floor surfaces shall be of Carborundum or grit-faced
tile or of material providing equivalent slip resistance.

2. Floor Space. A clear maneuvering space at least 30
inches in width by 48 inches in length (762 mm by 1219
mm) shall be located outside the shower, flush and paral-
lel to the control wall.

3. Reinforced Walls for Grab Bars. Grab bar reinforce-
ment shall be installed continuous in the walls of showers
32 inches to 38 inches (813 mm to 965 mm) above the
floor The grab bar reinforcement shall be a minimum of
6 inches (152.4 mm) nominal in height

Glass-walled shower stalls shall provide reinforce-
ment for installation of floor-mounted or ceil-
ing-mounted grab bars.

4. Thresholds. When a threshold (a recessed drop) is used,
it shall be a maximum ofVi inch (12. 7 mm) in height and
have a beveled or sloped angle not exceeding 45 degrees
from the horizontal.

5. Shower Controls. Faucet controls and operation mecha-
nisms shall be operable with one hand and shall not re-
quire tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the wrist.
The force required to activate controls shall be no
greater than 5 pound-force (22.2N). Lever operated,
push-type and electronically controlled mechanisms are
examples of acceptable designs.

6. Shower Enclosures. Doors and panels of shower enclo-
sures shall be substantially constructed from approved,
shatter-resistant materials. Hinged shower doors shall
open outward. Glazing used in doors and panels of
shower enclosures shall be fully tempered, laminated
safety glass or approved plastic. When glass is used, it
shall have minimum thickness of not less than % inch
(3.17 mm) when fully tempered, or V^ inch (6.35 mm)
when laminated, and shall pass the test requirements of
this part, Chapter 24, Glass and Glazing. Plastics used
in doors and panels of showers enclosures shall be of a
shatter-resistant type.

1134A.7 Water closets. Water closets in bathrooms or powder
rooms required to be accessible shall comply with this section.

1. FloorSpace. The water closet shall be located in a space
a minimum of 36 inches (914 mm) in clear width with 48
inches (1219 mm) minimum clear space provided in front
of the water closet. This space may include maneuver-
able space under a lavatory, if provided and arranged so
as not to impede access.

Exception: In covered multifamily dwelling units, the
water closet may be located in a space 48 inches
(1219 mm) in clear width with 36 inches (914 mm) of
clear space provided in front of the water closet.

Water closets shall be located within bathrooms in a man-
ner that permits a grab bar to be installed on one side of the
fixture. In locations where water closets are adjacent to
walls or bathtubs, the centerline of the fixture shall be a min-
imum of 18 inches (457 mm) from the obstacle. The other
(nongrab bar) side of the water closet shall be a minimum of
18 inches (457 mm) from the centerline of the fixture to the

finished surface of adjoining walls, vanities or from the edge
of a lavatory.

2. Reinforced Walls for Grab Bars. Where the water closet
is not placed adjacent to a side wall, the bathroom shall
have provisions for installation of floor-mounted, fold-
away or similar alternative grab bars.

Where the water closet is placed adjacent to a side wall,
reinforcement shall be installed on both sides or one side
and the back. If reinforcement is installed at the back, it shall
be installed between 32 inches (813 mm) and 38 inches (965
mm) above the floor. The grab bar reinforcement shall be a
minimum of 6 inches (152.4 mm) nominal in height. The
backing shall be a minimum of 40 inches (1016 mm) in
length.

Reinforcement installed at the side of the water closet
shall be installed 32 inches to 38 inches (813 mm to 965 mm)
above the floor. The reinforcement shall be installed a maxi-
mum of 12 inches (305 mm) from the rear wall and shall
extend a minimum of 26 inches (660 mm) in front of the
water closet. The grab bar reinforcement shall be a mini-
mum of 6 inches (152.4 mm) nominal in height.

3. Seat Height. The minimum height of water closet seats
shall be 15 inches (381 mm) above the floor

4. Water Closet Controls. Water closet controls shall be
mounted no more than 44 inches (1118 mm) above the
floor The force required to activate controls shall be no
greater than 5 pound-force (22.2 N).

1134A.8 Lavatories, vanities, mirrors and towel fixtures.

Bathrooms or powder rooms required to be accessible shall
have at least one accessible lavatory. Where mirrors and towel
fixtures are provided, at least one of each shall be accessible.

1. Location. Vanities and lavatories shall be installed with
the centerline of the fixture a minimum of 18 inches (457
mm) horizontally from an adjoining wall or fixture to al-
low for forward approach. When parallel approach is
provided, lavatories shall be installed with the centerline
of the fixture a minimum of 24 inches (610 mm) horizon-
tally from an adjoining wall or fixture. The top of the fix-
ture rim shall be a maximum of 34 inches (864 mm)
above the finished floor.

2. Floor Space. A clear maneuvering space at least 30
inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) shall be pro-
vided at lavatories and shall be centered on the lavatory.

3. Cabinets. Cabinets under lavatories are acceptable-pro-
vided the bathroom has space to allow a parallel ap-
proach by a person in a wheelchair and the lavatory
cabinets are designed with adaptable knee and toe
space.

4. Knee and toe space. Knee and toe space shall be pro-
vided as follows:

4.1. The knee space shall be at least 30 inches (762
mm) wide and 8 inches (203.2 mm) deep.

4.2. The knee space shall be at least 29 inches (737
mm) high at the front face and reducing to not
less than 27 inches (686 mm) at a point 8 inches
(203.2 mm) back from the front edge.

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4.3. The knee and toe space required in this section
shall be provided by one of the following:

4.3.1. The space beneath the lavatory shall be
left clear and unobstructed;

4.3.2. Any cabinet beneath the lavatory shall be
removable without the use of specialized
knowledge or specialized tools; or

4.3.3. Doors to the cabinet beneath the lava-
tory shall be removable or openable to
provide the required unobstructed knee
and toe space.

4.4. The toe space required in this section shall be
provided as follows:

4.4.1. Shall be at least 30 inches (762 mm) wide
and centered on the lavatory.

4.4.2. Shall be at least 17 inches (432 mm)
deep, measured from the front edge.

4.4.3. Shall be at least 9 inches (228.6 mm)
high from the floor.

5. Finished Floor The finished floor beneath the lavatory
shall be extended to the wall.

6. Plumbing Protection. Hot water and drain pipes ex-
posed under lavatories shall be insulated or otherwise
covered. There shall be no sharp or abrasive surfaces
under lavatories.

7. Lavatory Faucet Controls. Faucet controls and opera-
tion mechanisms shall be operable with one hand and
shall not require tight grasping, pinching or twisting of
the wrist.

The force required to activate controls shall be no
greater than 5 pound-force (22.2 N). Lever operated,
push-type and electronically controlled mechanisms are
examples of acceptable designs. Self-closing valves are
allowed if the faucet remains open for at least 10 sec-
onds.

8. Mirrors and Towel Fixtures. Where mirrors or towel fix-
tures are provided they shall be mounted with the bottom
edge no higher than 40 inches (1 01 6 mm) from the floor.

SECTION 1135A
LAUNDRY ROOMS

1135A.1 General. If clothes washing machines and clothes
dryers are provided in covered multifamily dwelling units, one
of each type of appliance shall be provided. Where front-load-
ing clothes washers are not provided, management shall pro-
vide assistive devices, on request of the occupant, to permit the
use of top-loading clothes washers.

SECTION 11 36A

ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLE, SWITCH AND

CONTROL HEIGHTS

1136A.1 Receptacle heights. Electrical receptacle outlets on
branch circuits of 30 amperes or less and communication sys-

tem receptacles shall be located no more than 48 inches (1219
mm) measured from the top of the receptacle outlet box or
receptacle housing nor less than 15 inches (381 mm) measured
from the bottom of the receptacle outlet box or receptacle hous-
ing to the level of the finished floor or working platform. If the
reach is over an obstruction (for example, a kitchen base cabi-
net) between 20 and 25 inches (508 and 635 mm) in depth, the
maximum height measured at the box is reduced to 44 inches
(1118 mm) for forward approach, or 46 inches (1168 mm) for
side approach, provided the obstruction is no more than 24
inches (610 mm) in depth. Obstructions shall not extend more
than 25 inches (635 mm) from the wall beneath the receptacle.

Outlets that do not satisfy these specifications are accept-
able, provided that comparable outlets, that perform the same
functions, are provided within the same area and are accessi-
ble.

Exceptions:

1. Receptacle outlets installed as part of permanently
installed baseboard heaters are exempt.

2. Required receptacle outlets shall be permitted in
floors when adjacent to sliding panels or walls.

3. Baseboard electrical outlets used in relocatable par-
titions, window walls or other electrical convenience
floor outlets are not subject to the minimum height re-
quirements.

4. This section shall not apply to existing buildings when
the enforcing agency determines that compliance
with these standards would create an unreasonable
hardship.

Note: The intent of the measurement is to ensure that recep-
tacles fall within the reach range of 15 inches to 48 inches
(381 to 1219 mm).

1136A.2 Switch and control heights. Controls or switches
intended to be used by the occupant of the room or area to con-
trol lighting and receptacle outlets, appliances, alarms or cool-
ing, heating and ventilating equipment shall be located no
more than 48 inches (1219 mm) measured from the top of the
outlet box nor less than 15 inches (381 mm) measuredfrom the
bottom of the outlet box to the level of the finished fioor or
working platform. If the reach is over a physical barrier or an
obstruction (for example, a kitchen base cabinet) between 20
and 25 inches (508 and 635 mm) in depth, the maximum height
is reduced to 44 inches (1118 mm) for forward approach, or 46
inches (1168 mm) for side approach, provided the obstruction
is no more than 24 inches (610 mm) in depth. Physical barriers
or obstructions shall not extend more than 25 inches (635 mm)
from the wall beneath a control.

Controls that do not satisfy these specifications are accept-
able-provided that comparable controls or outlets, that per-
form the samefunctions, are provided within the same area and
are accessible.

Exception: Appliances (e.g. kitchen stoves, dishwashers,
range hoods, microwave ovens and similar appliances)
which have controls located on the appliance.

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Division V— FEATURES COMMON TO EXTERIOR
AND INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS

Division V Table of Contents

Section 1137A Other Features and Facilities

Section 1138A Reserved

Section 1139A Accessible Drinking Fountains

Section 1140A Accessible Telephones

Section 1141A Accessible Swimming Pools

Section 1142A Electrical Receptacle, Switch and Con-

Section 1143A

trol Heights
Signage

Section 1144A through 1149A Reserved

SECTION 11 37A
OTHER FEATURES AND FACILITIES

1137A.1 General. This division shall apply to features and
facilities of common use areas on accessible floors or sites.

Note: The provisions in this division are not applicable to
dwelling units.

SECTION 11 38A
Reserved

SECTION 11 39A
ACCESSIBLE DRINKING FOUNTAINS

1139A.1 General. Drinking fountains and water coolers in
common use areas and/or sites shall comply with this section. A
side approach drinking fountain is not acceptable.

1139A.2 Accessible route. Drinking fountains and water cool-
ers shall be on- an accessible route.

1I39A.3 Design and construction. Wall-mounted and
post-mounted cantilevered drinking fountains and water cool-
ers shall be designed and constructed to comply with the fol-
lowing: (See Figure 11 A- 11 A).

1. A clear floor space shall be provided in conformance
with the following:

1.1. A minimum clear floor space 30 inches by 48
inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) to allow a person in
a wheelchair to approach the unit facing for-
ward.

1.2. A clear knee space a minimum of 30 inches (762
mm) in width.

1.3. A clear knee space a minimum of 18 inches (457
mm) in depth.

1.4. A clear and unobstructed knee space under the
drinking fountain not less than 27 inches (686
mm) in height and 8 inches (203.2 mm) in depth,
the depth measurements being taken from the
front edge of the fountain.

1.5. A toe clearance of 9 inches (228.6 mm) in height
above the floor and 17 inches (432 mm) in depth
from the front edge of the fountain.

2. Water flow shall be provided in conformance with the fol-
lowing:

2.1. The spout shall be located within 6 inches (152.4
mm) of the front edge of the drinking fountain and
within 36 inches (914 mm) of the floor.

2.2. A flow of water at least 4 inches (101.6 mm) high
shall be available to allow the insertion of a cup
or glass under the flow of water.

2.3. The water stream from the bubbler shall be sub-
stantially parallel to the front edge of the drink-
ingfountain.

2.4. The force required to activate controls shall be no
greater than 5 pound-force (22.2 N).

2.5. Manually operated or electronically operated
controls shall be located within 6 inches (152.4
mm) of the front edge of the fountain.

1139A.3.1 Location. Water fountains shall be located com-
pletely within alcoves or otherwise positioned so as not to
encroach into pedestrian ways. The alcove in which the
water fountain is located shall not be less than 32 inches
(813 mm) in width and 18 inches (457 mm) in depth. Pro-
truding objects located in alcoves or otherwise positioned
so as to limit encroachment into pedestrian ways arepermit-
ted to project 4 inches (102 mm) into walks, halls corridors,
passageways or aisles. (See Figure IIA-IIA).

Exception: When the enforcing agency determines that it
would create an unreasonable hardship to locate the
water fountain in an alcove, the water fountain may pro-
ject into the path of travel, and the path of travel shall be
identiflable to the blind as follows:

1. The surface of the path of travel at the water foun-
tain shall be textured so that it is clearly identifi-
able by a blind person using a cane. The minimum
textured area shall extend from the wall supporting
the water fountain to 1 foot (305 mm) beyond the
front edge of the water fountain and shall extend 1
foot (305mm) beyond each side of the water foun-
tain, or

2. Wing walls shall be provided on each side of the
water fountain. The wing walls shall project out
from the supporting wall at least as far as the water
fountain to within 6 inches (152.4 mm) of the sur-
face of the path of travel. There shall also be a min-
imum of 32 inches (813 mm) clear between the
wing walls.

SECTION 1140A
ACCESSIBLE TELEPHONES

1140A.1 General. If public telephones are provided, they shall
comply with this section. On floors where public telephones are
provided, at least one telephone shall be accessible. On any
floor where two or more banks of multiple telephones are pro-
vided, at least one telephone in each bank shall be accessible.

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1140A.2 Clear floor or ground space. A clear floor or ground
space at least 30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) that
allows either aforward or parallel approach by a person using
a wheelchair shall be provided at telephones. Bases, enclo- ,
sures and fixed seats shall not impede approaches to tele-
phones by people who use wheelchairs. (See Figure IIA-IIB).

The minimum clear floor or ground space for wheelchairs
may be positioned for forward or parallel approach to an
object. Clear floor or ground space for wheelchairs may be
part of the knee space required under some objects.

1140A.3 Relationship of maneuvering clearances to wheel-
chair spaces. One full unobstructed side of the clear floor or
ground space for a wheelchair shall adjoin another wheelchair
clear floor space. If a clear floor space is located in an alcove
or otherwise conflned on all or part of three sides, additional
maneuvering clearances shall be provided.

1140A.4 Mounting height. The highest operable part of the
telephone shall be within the reach ranges specified in the Fig-
ure IIA-IIB. Telephones mounted diagonally in a comer that
require wheelchair users to reach diagonally shall have the
highest operable part no higher than 54 inches (1372 mm)
above the floor. (See Figure IIA-IIB).

1140A.5 Enclosures. If telephone enclosures are provided,
they may overhang the clear floor space required in Sections
1140A.2 and 1140A.3 with the following limits:

1. Side Reach Possible. The overhang shall be no greater
than 19 inches (483 mm). The height of the lowest over
hanging part shall be equal to or greater than 27 inches
(686 mm) above the floor

2. Full-height Enclosures. Entrances to full-height enclo-
sures shall be a minimum of 30 inches (762 mm) in width.

3. Forward Reach Required. If the overhang is greater
than 12 inches (305 mm), then the clear width of the en-
closure shall be 30 inches (762 mm) minimum; if the
clear width of the enclosure is less than 30 inches (762
mm), then the height of the lowest overhanging part shall
be equal to or greater than 27 inches (686 mm).

1140A. 6 Equipment for hearing impaired people. Telephones
shall be equipped with a receiver that generates a magnetic
field in the area of the receiver cap. A reasonable number of the
public telephones provided, but always at least one on each
floor or in each bank, whichever is more, in a building or facil-
ity, shall be equipped with a volume control. Such telephones
shall be capable of a minimum of 12 dbA and a maximum of 18
dbA above normal. If an automatic reset is provided, 18 dbA
may be exceeded. Public telephones with volume control shall
be hearing aid compatible and shall be identified by a sign con-
taining a depiction of a telephone handset with radiating sound
waves. (See Figure IIA-IID).

1140 A. 7 Text telephones. If a total of four or more public pay
telephones are provided at the interior and exterior of a site,
and if at least one of the total number provided is located in an
interior location, at least one interior public text telephone
shall be provided.

1140A.7.1 Signage. Text telephones shall be identified by
the International TTY symbol (see Figure IIA-IIC). If a
facility has a public text telephone, directional signage indi-
cating the location of the nearest such telephone shall be
placed adjacent to all banks of telephones that do not con-
tain a text telephone. Such directional signage shall include
the International TTY symbol. If a facility has no banks of
telephones, the directional signage shall be provided at the
entrance or in a building directory.

1140A.8 Controls. Telephones shall have push-button controls
where service for such equipment is available.

1140A.9 Cord length. The cord from the telephone to the hand-
set shall be at least 29 inches (737 mm) long.

1140A.10 Telephone books. If telephone books are provided,
they shall be located in a position that complies with the reach
ranges in Figures IIA-II and IIA-IJ.

SECTION 11 41 A
ACCESSIBLE SWIMMING POOLS

1141A.1 General. Swimming pools in common use areas shall
comply with the provisions of this section and Chapter 3 IB.

1141A.2 Swimming pool deck areas. Swimming pool deck
areas must be accessible, and a mechanism to assist persons
with disabilities gain entry into the pool and exit from the pool
shall be provided. Such a mechanism may consist of a swim-
mine nnnl lift devirp ns Inno nn the Ae\nro magtc nil of the fol-

lowing criteria:

1. Has a seat that meets all of the following:

1.1. The seat must be rigid;

1.2. The seat must be not less than 17 inches (432 mm)
and not more than 19 inches (483 mm), inclusive
of any cushioned surface that might be provided,
above the pool deck;

1.3. The seat must have two armrests. The armrest on
the side of the seat by which access is gained
shall be either removable or fold clear of the
seat;

1.4. The seat must have a back support that is at least
12 inches (305 mm) tall; and

1.5. The seat must have an occupant restraint for use
by the occupant of the seat and the restraint must
meet the standards for operable controls in com-
pliance with Section 1127A.9.6.4.

2. Be capable of unassisted operation from both the deck
and water levels.

3. Be stable and not permit unintended movement when a
person is getting into or out of the seat.

4. Be designed to have a live-load capacity of not less than
300 pounds.

5. Be positioned so that, if the pool has water of different
depths, it will place the operator into water that is at least
3 feet (914 mm) deep.

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6. Be capable of lowering the operator at least 18 inches
(457 mm) below the surface of the water

the same functions, are provided within the same area and are
accessible.

SECTION 11 42A

ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLE, SWITCH AND

CONTROL HEIGHTS

1142A.1 Receptacle heights. Electrical receptacle outlets on
branch circuits of 30 amperes or less and communication sys-
tem receptacles shall be located no more than 48 inches (1219
mm) measured from the top of the receptacle outlet box or
receptacle housing nor less than 15 inches (381 mm) measured
from the bottom of the receptacle outlet box or receptacle hous-
ing to the level of the finished floor or working platform. If the
reach is over an obstruction (for example, a kitchen base cabi-
net) between 20 and 25 inches (508 and 635 mm) in depth, the
maximum height measured at the box is reduced to 44 inches
(1118 mm) for forward approach, or 46 inches (1168 mm) for
side approach, provided the obstruction is no more than 24
inches (610 mm) in depth. Obstructions shall not extend more
than 25 inches (635 mm) from the wall beneath the receptacle.

Outlets that do not satisfy these specifications are acceptable
provided that comparable outlets, that perform the same func-
tions, are provided within the same area and are accessible.

Exceptions:

1. Receptacle outlets installed as part of permanently
installed baseboard heaters are exempt

2. Required receptacle outlets shall be permitted in
floors when adjacent to sliding panels or walls.

3. Baseboard electrical outlets used in relocatable par-
titions, window walls or other electrical convenience
floor outlets are not subject to the minimum height re-
quirements.

4. This section shall not apply to existing buildings when
the enforcing agency determines that compliance
with these standards would create an unreasonable
hardship.

Note: The intent of the measurement is to ensure that recep-
tacles fall within the reach range of 15 inches to 48 inches.

1142A.2 Switch and control heights. Controls or switches
intended to be used by the occupant of the room or area to con-
trol lighting and receptacle outlets, appliances, alarms or cool-
ing, heating and ventilating equipment shall be located no
more than 48 inches (1219 mm) measured from the top of the
outlet box nor less than 15 inches (381 mm) measured from the
bottom of the outlet box to the level of the finished floor or
working platform. If the reach is over a physical barrier or an
obstruction (for example, a kitchen base cabinet) between 20
and 25 inches (508 and 635 mm) in depth, the maximum height
is reduced to 44 inches (1118 mm) for forward approach, or 46
inches (1168 mm) for side approach, provided the obstruction
is no more than 24 inches (610 mm) in depth. Physical barriers
or obstructions shall not extend more than 25 inches (635 mm)
from the wall beneath a control.

Controls that do not satisfy these specifications are accept-
able provided that comparable controls or outlets, that perform

SECTION 11 43A
SIGNAGE

1143A.1 General. When signs and/or identification devices
are provided they shall comply with this section.

Exception: Signs need not be provided within dwelling
units.

1143A.2 Identification signs. When signs identify permanent
rooms and spaces of a building or site, they shall comply with
Sections 1143A.5, 1143A.6, 1143A.8, 1143A.9andll43A.10.

Note: See Section 1124A for additional signage require-
ments applicable to elevators and Section 1 127 A.7 for sani-
tary facilities.

1143A.3 Direction and informational signs. When signs
direct to or give information about permanent rooms and
spaces of a building or site, they shall comply with Sections
1143A.5, 1143A.6andll43A.7.

1143A.4 Accessibility signs. When signs identify, director give
information about accessible elements and features of a build-
ing or site, they shall include the appropriate symbol of acces-
sibility and shall comply with Section 1143A.5 and, when
applicable. Section 1143A.11.

1143A.5 Finish and contrast. Characters, symbols and their
background shall have a non glare finish. Characters and sym-
bols shall contrast with their background, either light on a dark
background or dark on a light background.

1143 A.6 Proportions. Characters on signs shall have a
width-to-height ratio of between 3:5 and 1:1 and a stroke
width-to-height ratio of between 1:5 and 1:10.

1143A.7 Character height Characters and numbers on signs
shall be sized according to the viewing distance from which
they are to be read. The minimum height is measured using an
uppercase "X." Lowercase characters are permitted. For signs
suspended or projected above the finish floor greater than 80
inches (2032 mm), the minimum character height shall be 3
inches (76 mm).

1143A.8 Raised characters and pictorial symbol signs. When
raised characters are required or when pictorial symbols
(pictograms) are used on such signs, they shall conform to the
following requirements:

1. Character Type. Characters on signs shall be raised
'/32-inch (0. 794 mm) minimum and shall be sans serif up-
percase characters accompanied by Grade 2 Braille
complying with Section 1143A.9.

2. Character Size. Raised characters shall be a minimum
ofVs inch (15.9 mm) and a maximum of 2 inches (51 mm)
high.

3. Pictorial Symbol Signs (Pictograms). Pictorial symbol
signs (pictograms) shall be accompanied by the verbal
description placed directly below the pictogram. The

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HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

outside dimension of the pictogram field shall be a mini-
mum of 6 inches (152 mm) in height.

4. Character Placement. Characters and Braille shall be
in a horizontal format. Braille shall be placed a mini-
mum of^/g inch (9.5 mm) and a maximum ofV2 inch (12.7
mm) directly below the tactile characters, flush left or
centered. When tactile text is multilined, all Braille shall
be placed together below all lines of tactile text.

1143A.9 Braille. Contracted Grade 2 Braille shall be used
wherever Braille is required in other portions of these stan-
dards. Dots shall be '/jg inch (2.54 mm) on center in each cell
with ViQ-inch (5.08 mm) space between cells, measured from
the second column of dots in the first cell to the first column of
dots in the second cell. Dots shall be raised a minimum of^/40
inch (0.635 mm) above the background. Braille dots shall be
domed or rounded.

1143A.10 Mounting location and height. Where permanent
identification signs are provided for rooms and spaces, signs
shall be installed on the wall adjacent to the latch side of the
door. Where there is no wall space on the latch side, including
at double leaf doors, signs shall be placed on the nearest adja-
cent wall, preferably on the right.

Where permanent identification signage is provided for
rooms and spaces, it shall be located on the approach side of
the door as one enters the room or space. Signs that identify
exits shall be located on the same side of the door as the visual
exit sign.

Mounting height shall be 60 inches (1524 mm) above the fin-
ish floor to the centerline of the sign. Mounting location shall
be determined so that a person may approach within 3 inches
(76 mm) of the signage without encountering protruding
objects or standing within the swing of a door.

Note: See also Section 1127A.7 for additional signage
requirements applicable to sanitary facilities.

SECTION 11 44A
Reserved

SECTION 11 45 A
Reserved

SECTION 11 46 A
Reserved

SECTION 11 47 A
Reserved

SECTION 11 48A
Reserved

SECTION 11 49A
Reserved

Division VI— SITE IMPRACTICALITY TESTS
Division VI Table of Contents

Section 1150A Site Impracticality Tests
Test No. 1 — Individual Building Test
Test No. 2 — Site Analysis Test
Test No. 3 — Unusual Characteristics Test

SECTION 11 50 A
SITE IMPRACTICALITY TESTS

1150A.1 General. Covered multifamily dwellings in buildings
without an elevator, located on sites with difficult terrain condi-
tions or unusual characteristics, may employ the site impracti-
cality tests in this division for determining the accessibility and
adaptability provisions required by this chapter

Except as provided for in Section 1 1 02A.2, the provisions of
this section do not apply to multistory dwelling units in
nonelevator buildings, i.e., townhouses.

SINGLE BUILDING WITH ONE COMMON (LOBBY) ENTRANCE

The following may only be used for determining required access to
covered multifamily dwelling units, in a single building with one com-
mon (lobby) entrance, located on a site with difficult terrain conditions
or unusual characteristics:

All ground-floor units in nonelevator buildings shall be adaptable and
on an accessible route unless an accessible route to the common
(lobby) entrance Is not required as determined by Test No. 1, Individ-
ual Building Test, or Test No. 3, Unusual Characteristics Test, as
described in this section.

Sites where either Test No. 1 or Test No. 3 is used and it is deter-
mined that an accessible route to the common (lobby) entrance Is not
required, at least 20 percent of the ground floor dwelling units shall
comply with Division IV, and all remaining ground floor dwelling units
shall comply with the features listed In Section 1150A.2 unless
exempted by Test No. 3, Unusual Characteristics Test.

Test No. 1 — Individual Building Test may only be used If the site has
terrain over 15 percent slope.

TestNo. 3 — Unusual Characteristics Test may be used If applicable.

Provisions to Test Nos. 1 and 2. Where a building elevator is
provided only as means of creating an accessible route to cov-
ered multifamily dwelling units on a ground floor, the building
is not considered to be an elevator building for purposes of this
code; hence, only the groundfloor dwelling units would be cov-
ered.

TESTNO. I— INDIVIDUAL BUILDING TEST

It is not required by this code to provide an accessible
route when the terrain of the site is such that both of the fol-
lowing apply:

1. The slopes of the undisturbed site measured between
the planned entrance and all vehicular or pedestrian

368

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

arrival points within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of the
planned entrance exceed 15 percent; and

2. The slopes of the planned finished grade measured
between the entrance and all vehicular or pedestrian
arrival points within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of the
planned entrance also exceed 15 percent.

If there are no vehicular or pedestrian arrival points
within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of the planned entrance, the
slope for the purposes of Test No. 1 will be measured to the
closest vehicular or pedestrian arrival point.

For purposes of these requirements, vehicular or pedes-
trian arrival points include public or resident parking
areas, public transportation stops, passenger loading zones
and public streets or sidewalks. To determine site impracti-
cality, the slope would be measured at ground level from the
point of the planned entrance on a straight line to (1) each
vehicular or pedestrian arrival point that is within 50 feet
(15 240 mm) of the planned entrance, or (2) if there are no
vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within the specified
area, the vehicular or pedestrian arrival point closest to the
planned entrance. In the case of sidewalks, the closest point
to the entrance will be where a public sidewalk entering the
site intersects with the walk to the entrance. In the case of
resident parking areas, the closest point to the planned
entrance will be measured from the entry point to the park-
ing area that is located closest to the planned entrance.

TEST NO. 2— SITE ANALYSIS TEST

For a site having multiple buildings, or a site with a single
building with multiple entrances, it is not required to pro-
vide an accessible route to all ground floor units under the
following conditions:

1. Calculate the percentage of the total buildable area of
the undisturbed site with a natural grade less than
10-percent slope. The analysis of the existing slope
(before grading) shall be done on a topographic sur-
vey with 2-foot (610 mm) contour intervals with slope
determination made between each successive inter-
val. The accuracy of the slope analysis shall be certi-
fied by a licensed engineer, landscape architect,
architect or surveyor

2. Determine the requirement of providing an accessible
route to planned multifamily dwellings based on the
topography of the existing natural terrain. The mini-
mum percentage of ground-floor units required on an
accessible route shall equal the percentage of the total
buildable area (not restricted-use areas) of the undis-
turbed site with an existing natural grade of less than
10-percent slope. In no case shall less than 20 percent
of the groundfloor dwelling units be on an accessible
route and comply with the provisions of Division IV.

3. In addition to the percentage established in para-
graph (2), all additional groundfloor units in a build-
ing, or ground floor units served by a particular
entrance, that fall within an 8.33-percent slope be-
tween their planned entrances and an arrival point
shall be on an accessible route and comply with the
provisions of Division IV.

4. All additional ground floor units in a building, or
groundfloor units served by a particular entrance,
not on an accessible route shall comply with the fea-
tures listed in Section 1150A.2.

TEST NO. 3— UNUSUAL CHARACTERISTICS TEST

Unusual characteristics include sites located in a feder-
ally designatedfloodplain or coastal high-hazard areas and
sites subject to other similar requirements of law or code
that require the lowest floor or the lowest structural member
of the lowest floor to be designed to a specified level at or
above the base flood elevation. An accessible route to a
building entrance is impractical due to unusual characteris-
tics of the site when:

1. The original site characteristics result in a difference
in finished grade elevation exceeding 30 inches (762
mm) and 10 percent measured between an entrance
and all vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within
50 feet (15 240 mm) of the planned entrance; or

2. If there are no vehicular or pedestrian arrival points
within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of the planned entrance,
the unusual characteristics result in a difference in
finished grade elevation exceeding 30 inches (762
mm) and 10 percent measured between an entrance
and the closest vehicular or pedestrian arrival point.

1150 A.2 Additional requirements for Section 1150 A.

All other groundfloor dwelling units in nonelevator build-
ings shall be made to comply with the following require-
ments:

1. Grab bar reinforcement: see Section 1134A.

2. Thirty-two inch (813 mm) clear door interior open-
ing width: see Section 1132A.3.

3. Lever hardware: see Section 11 32 A. 8.

4. Door sigruzl devices: see Section 1132A.10.

5. Clear space by doors: see Chapters 10 and llA.

6. Minimum 15-inch (381 mm) water closet seat
height: see Section 1134A.7, Item 3.

7. Electrical receptacle outlet height: see Section
1136A.

8. Lighting and environmental control height: see Sec-
tion 1136A.

9. Faucet controls: see Section 1134A.8, Item 7.

10. Water closet, bathtub and lavatory minimum space
requirements: see Section 1134A.

11. Removable cabinets under the kitchen sink counter
area: see Section 1133A.3.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

369

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

■

^ /-

^T-T-

...

i ^

"<.

p-^ -r^

( a ) SYMBOL PROPORTIONS

( b ) DISPLAY CONDITIONS

THESE DIAGFJAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLYAS ANAID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-1A— INTERNATIONAL ACCESSIBILITY SYMBOL

370

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 A-1B— OVERHANGING OBSTRUCTION

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

371

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

36" MIN.

48" OR GREATER

36" MIN.

(a) 90° TURN

1/4" MAX

1/4" TO l/2"

(d) TURNS AROUND AN OBSTRUCTION

(d)CHANQEIN LEVEL

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLYASANAID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11A-1C— WIDTH OF ACCESSIBLE ROUTE

372

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

60" MIN.

FIGURE 11A-1E— MINIMUM CLEAR WIDTH
FOR SINGLE WHEELCHAIR

FIGURE 11A-1D— MINIMUM CLEAR WIDTH FOR
TWO WHEELCHAIRS

(a) 60 INCHES DIAMETER SPACE

(b) T-SHAPED SPACE FOR 180° TURNS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLYAS ANAID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-1D— WHEELCHAIR TURNING SPACE

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

373

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

PARALLEL APPROACH

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE

FORWARD APPROACH

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11A-1G— MINIMUM CLEAR FLOOR SPACE FOR WHEELCHAIRS

374

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

in CC
T- O

-CO
CO
UJ

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

?-l

r!=

" ^ff (.J^.,..||l

[eg

Lxjsr*-"

48"

( a ) CLEAR FLOOR SPACE IN ALCOVES

30"

1 ^""

v7-pi=^

i^^'

■

30"

48"

12"

NOTE ; IF X > 24 INCHES,- THEN AN
ADDITIONAL MANEUVERING CLEARANCE OF
6 INCHES SHALL BE PROVIDED AS SHOWN.

NOTE : IF X > 15 INCHES, THEN AN
ADDITIONAL MANEUVERING CLEARANCE OF
12 INCHES SHALL BE PROVIDED AS SHOWN.

( b ) ADDITIONAL MANEUVERING CLEARANCE FOR ALCOVES

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11A-1H— MINIMUM CLEAR FLOOR SPACE FOR WHEELCHAIRS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

375

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

48"

(a) HIGH FORWARD REACH LIMIT

l-^.

NOTE:

X SHALL BE LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 25 INCHES Z SHALL BE GREATER
THAN OR EQUAL TO X. WHEN X IS LESS THAN 20 INCHES, THEN Y SHALL
BE 48 INCHES MAXIMUM. WHEN X IS 20 TO 25 INCHES, THEN Y SHALL BE
44 INCHES MAXIMUM.

( b ) MAXIMUM FORWARD REACH OVER AN OBSTRUCTION

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11A-1 1— FORWARD REACH

376

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

10" MAX.

( a ) CLEAR FLOOR SPACE PARALLEL APPROACH

( b ) HIGH AND LOW SIDE REACH LIMITS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLYAS ANAID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11 A-1 J— SIDE REACH

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

377

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

30" MIN,

42" MIN.

ACCESSIBLE PATH OF TRAVEL!

MIN.

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 A-1K— MINIMUM CLEARANCES FOR SEATING AND TABLE

378

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

44"

60" MIN.

MINIMUM CORRIDOR WIDTH

MINIMUM WIDTH FOR
CORRIDORS OVER 200

44"

-f

PASSING ALCOVES FOR CORRIDORS OVER
200' IN LIEU OF 60" MIN. WIDTH

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-1L— CORRIDOR OVER 200 FEET (60 960 mm)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

379

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

-WHEEL STOP

PEDESTRIAN

70 SQ. INCH

ACCESSIBIUTYSIGN

PERSEC.1109A.8.8

TYP PAVEMENT
SYMBOL PER
SEC.1109A.8.8

DIMENSION

TOCENTERUNE'

OFSTRIPETYPICAL

WITHIN THE LOADING AND UNLOADING-

ACCESS AISLE PAINT THE WORDS

"NO PARKING" IN 12" HIGH LETTERS MIN

5'-0"MIN. AT TYR
ACCESSIBLE
PARKING STALL
8'-0°MIN. AT VAN
ACCESSIBLE
PARKING STALL

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 A-2A— DOUBLE PARKING STALLS

380

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

WHEEL STOP

PEDESTRIAN ROUTE

70 SQ. INCH

ACCESSIBILITY SIGN

PERSEC. 1109A.8.8

TYR PAVEMENT
SYMBOL PER.
SEC 1109A.8.8

DIMENSION
TOCENTEFILINE —
OFSTRIPETYPiCAL

WITHIN THE LOADING AND UNLOADING

ACCESS AISLE PAINT THE WORDS

"NO PARKING" IN 12" HIGH LETTERS MIN

5'-0" MIN. AT TYP.
ACCESSIBLE PARKING STALL
8'-0"MIN. AT VAN
ACCESSIBLE PARKING STALL

FIGURE 11A-2B— DIAGdNAL PARKING STALLS

70 SQ. INCH
ACCESSIBILITY SIGN
PERSEC. 11 09A.8.8

TYP. PAVEMENT

SYMBOL PER

SEC. 1109A.8.8

DIMENSION

TOCENTERUNE

OFSTRIPETYPICAL

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

5'-0" MIN. AT TYP.
ACCESSIBLE PARKING STALL

0" MIN. AT VAN
ACCESSIBLE PARKING STALL

WITHIN THE LOADING AND UNLOADING

ACCESS AISLE PAINT THE WORDS

"NO PARKING" IN 12" HIGH LETTERS MIN.

FIGURE 11 A-2C— DIAGONAL PARKING STALLS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

381

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

12° MIN. BORDER
GROOVES AT 3/4" O.C.
REFER TO GROOVING
DETAIL 11A-3K

4" DRAIN

CURB AND GUTTER ^

nMivir

8.33% MAX

DRAIN

SECTION A-A

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-3A— CURB DETAILS

382

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

CURB AND GUHER

12- MIN. BORDER
GROOVES AT 3/4" O.C.
REFER TO GROOVING
DETAIL 11 A-3K

SEE FIGURE 11B-19A

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-3B— CURB DETAIL

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

383

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

8.33% MAX.

48" MIN.

2% MAX.

SECTION B-B

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-3C— CURB DETAIL

384

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

SEE GROOVING DETAIL 1 1 A-3K

FULL CURB
HEIGHT

10% MAX.
AT CURB

FIGURE 11 A-3D— CURB DETAIL

RETAINING CURB
NECESSARY AT B
OF SIDEWALK

GROOVING DETAIL 11 A-3K

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-3E— CURB DETAIL

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

385

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

8.33%
MAX.

48"

MIN.

<5)

■ RETAINING CURB
IF NECESSARY AT
EDGE OF SIDEWALK

SEE GROOVING DETAIL 1 1 A-3K

FIGURE 11A-3F— CURB DETAIL

SIDEWALK LESS THAN 60" WIDE

SEE GROOVING DETAIL 11A-3K

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-3G— CURB DETAIL

386

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

^opb)

- SEE GROOVING DETAIL 1 1 A-3K

FRONT EDGE OF
SIDEWALK

FIGURE 11A-3J— CURB DETAIL

-APPROX. 3/4" EXCEPT

APPROX. 1 -1/2" ON

SLOPING PORTION OF
RAMP.

1/4" •

GROOVING DETAIL

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-3K— CURB DETAIL

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

387

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

SEE GROOVING DETAIL 1 1 A-3K •

CROSSWALK

1—12" MIN. BORDER

GROOVES AT 3/4" O.C.

10% MAX. SIDES
AT CURB

2% MAX.

48" MIN.

0" or

GREATER

FIGURE 11A-3H— CURB DETAIL

PLANTING AREA

GROOVING DETAIL 1 1 A-3K
r FRONT
EDGE OF
SIDEWALK

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-3I— CURB DETAIL

388

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

TOP OF RAMP

2% MAX.

SECTION A-A

TOP OF RAMP

CURB IF
NECESSARY
SECTION B-B

DEPRESS ENTIRE SIDEWALK AS REQUIRED

RETAINING

2% MAX.

CURB IF
NECESSARY

SECTION C-C

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 A-3L— CURB SECTIONS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

389

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

FIGURE 11A-3M - RETURNED CURB STYLE (See Figure 11B-21)

FIGURE 11A-3N - TRUNCATED DOMES (See Figure 11B-23A)

FIGURE 11A-3— (RESERVED)

390 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

FACE OF
CURB —

STREET

48" MIN.

SIDEWALK
36" MIN.

CLEAR

FACE OF
CURB

POLE

STREET

48" MIN.

SIDEWALK

_, 36" MIN. r

CLEAR

( a ) SIDEWALK OBSTRUCTIONS

12" MIN.

( b ) GUIDE RAIL

GUIDE RAIL
CENTERED AT
3- ir HIGH

GUIDE RAIL DETAIL

HANDRAIL

WHEEL GUIDE DETAIL

THESE DIAGFiAMS ILLUSTFiATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-5A— RAMPS AND SIDEWALKS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

391

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

1 1/2" MAX.

60" MIN. ^

STAIRS

12" MIN.

12" PLUS TREAD
WIDTH MIN.

2" MIN. 4" MAX.-

1" MAX. p->^

T= TREAD WIDTH

* NOTE:

EXTERIOR STAIRS
ALL TREADS ARE
TO HAVE WARNING
STRIPES PER
SEC.1115A.5

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 A-6A— WARNING STRIPING AND HANDRAIL EXTENSIONS

392

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

1-1/4" MIN.

2" MAX.

z
s

1-1

1-1/2" MIN.

1 —

3" MAX. _

(b)

1/8" MIN.
RADIUS (TYP.;

NOMINAL DIA.-

1-1/2"

.(0)

(d)

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-6B— STAIR HANDRAILS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

393

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

NOTE : 1

WHEN DOOR SWINGS

ONTO LANDING

42" MIN. PLUS DOOR

WIDTH

60" MIN.
WHEN NO DOOR
SWINGS ONTO
LANDING

NOTE : 2

MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE OF EACH
RAMP AND RUN VARY

TOP PLATFORM

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL PLATFORM

^'^Ul^SD

•BOTTOM LEVEL PLATFORM

(a) STRAIGHT RAMP RUN

NOTE : 1

WHEN DOOR SWINGS

ONTO LANDING

42" MIN. PLUS DOOR

WIDTH

60' MIN.
WHEN NO DOOR
SWINGS ONTO ■
LANDING

MQTC

MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE OF EACH
RAMP AND RUN VARY

TOP PLATFORM

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL PLATFORM
INTERMEDIATE TURNING PLATFORM

(b) RAMP WITH TURNING PLATFORM

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THESPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-6C— RAMP DIMENSIONS

394

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

^ WHEN DOOR SWINGS
ONTO LANDING -
42" MIN. PLUS DOOR
WIDTH

WHEN NO DOOR
SWINGS ONTO
LANDING-

NOTE: MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL^DISTANCES
OF EACH RAMP AND RUN, VARY.

( a ) RAMP WITH INTERMEDIATE SWITCH BACK PLATFORM

24" MIN. EXTERIOR AND
18" MIN. INTERIOR BEYOND
THE STRIKE EDGE OF A
GATE OR DOOR ON THE
SIDE TOWARD WHICH IT
SWINGS

( b ) RAMP LANDING AT DOORWAY

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIHC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 A-6D— RAMP LANDING AND DOORWAY

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

395

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

LANDING

DOWN

12"

LANDING

12" MIN

-12" MIN.

■INNER HANDRAIL

-1-1/2"

NOTE : INNER HANDRAIL AT LANDINGS OF
STAIRS THAT DOUBLE BACK OR IMMEDIATELY
TURN SHALL BE CONTINUOUS AND SHALL NOT
EXTEND INTO LANDING OR PATH OF TRAVEL.

X : EXTENSION OF HANDRAIL SHALL BE EQUAL
TO THE TREAD WIDTH PLUS 1 2 INCHES.

INNER HANDRAIL-

GUARDRAIL MAY 12"

BE REQUIRED min.

LANDING

12"

MIN.

DOWN

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-6E— STAIR HANDRAILS

396

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

68" MINI.

(a) SIDE OPENING DOOR

80" MIN.

• .

36" MIN.

( b ) CENTER OPENING DOOR

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11 A-7A—MINIIV1UWI DIMENSIONS OF ELEVATOR CARS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

397

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

PUCE STAR
ALONGSIDE
MAIN EXIT
FLOOR NUMBER

3/8"
SEPARATION

( a ) ELEVATOR CONTROL PANEL DETAIL

CONTROL

PANEL

SEE

; a )

RAIL

)—

1... , 1 u

1-1/2"

MIN.

'^<;^^^^^^^^^^^M?^^^^^

( b ) MAXIMUM INSTALLATION HEIGHTS ABOVE CAB FLOOR

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLYASANAID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-7B— ELEVATOR CONTROL PANEL

398

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

FLOOR LANDING
NUMBERS ON
BOTH SIDES OF
DOOR JAMB

CALL
BUTTON

HALL LANTERN

NOTE:

THE AUTOMATIC DOOR REOPENING DEVICE IS ACTIVATED IRAN OBJECT PASSES
THROUGH EITHER LINE A OR LINE B. LINE A AND LINE B REPRESENT THE VERTICAL
LOCATION OF THE DOOR REOPENING DEVICE NOT REQUIRING CONTACT.

FIGURE 11 A-7C—H01STWAY AND ELEVATOR ENTRANCES

o
o

LLI
W

13
12
11
10

ACCEPTABLE

IXI
, 1

IXI

o
o
<

■=>

5 6

10 12 14 16 18

D DISTANCE IN FEET

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-7D— GRAPH OF TIMING EQUATION

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

399

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

MIN.

CLEAR AT EXTERIOR
DOORS

CLEAR AT INTERIOR
DOORS

PROVIDE THIS
ADDITIONAL SPACE
IF DOOR IS EQUIPPED
WITH BOTH A LATCH
AND A CLOSER

PUSH SIDE

FIGURE 11A-8A— FRONT APPROACHES— SWINGING DOORS

^°5

NOTE; X = 36" (91 6 mm) MINIMUM IF V = 60" (1 526 mm);
X= 42" (1065 mm) MINIMUM IF y = 54" (1370 mm).

54" MIN.

PUSH SIDE

NOTE: /= 48" (1220 mm) MINIMUM IF DOOR HAS
BOTH A LATCH AND A CLOSER.

FIGURE 11 A-8B— HINGE-SIDE APPROACHES— SWINGING DOORS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

LEVEL MANEUVERING CLEARANCE AT DOORS

400

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

NOTE: y = 54" (1 370 mm) MINIMUM
IF DOOR HAS A CLOSER.

NOTE: y=48"(1220mm)B

IF DOOR HAS A CLOSER.

FIGURE 11 A-8C— LATCH-SIDE APPROACHES— SWINGING DOORS

>-le

54" MIN.

FIGURE 1 1 A-8D— FRONT APPROACH— SLIDING
DOORS AND FOLDING DOORS

FIGURE 11A-8E— SLIDE SIDE APPROACH— SLIDING
DOORS AND FOLDING DOORS

24" MIN.

FIGURE 11A-8F— LATCH SIDE APPROACH— SLIDING DOORS
AND FOLDING DOORS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS OF THESE REGULATIONS AND
ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR BUILDING
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

LEVEL MANEUVERING CLEARANCE AT DOORS (Continued)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

401

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

(a) DOOR IN SERIES

PROVIDE THIS
ADDITIONAL SPACE
IFJPOOR IS EQUIPPED
Wm BOTH A WTCH
AND A CLOSER

( b ) BOTH DOORS OPEN OUT
(SERVING OTHER THAN A REQUIRED EXIT STAIRWAY)

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-8G— VESTIBULE

402

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

{ a ) DOORS AT ADJACENT WALLS

( b ) DOORS AT OPPOSITE WALLS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 A-8H— VESTIBULE
(SERVING OTHER THAN A REQUIRED EXIT STAIRWAY)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

403

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

1/2" MAX.

AT 1:2 SLOPE

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-8I— THRESHOLDS

404

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

60" MIN.

FLUSH
ACTIVATOR
ON WIDE
SIDE

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-9A— MULTIPLE ACCOMMODATION TOILET FACILITY

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

405

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

CENTERLINE

FIXTURE

18"

MIN. '

SINGLE-ACCOMMODATION TOILET FACILITY

ACCESSIBLE WATER CLOSET COMPARTMENT

WITHIN A MULTIPLE-ACCOMMODATION TOILET FACILITY

36" MIN GRAB BAR

42" MIN GRAB BAR
12"

ALL DISPENSERS
+40" MAX TO
HIGHEST OPERABLE
PART

SIDE ELEVATION

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11 A-9B

406

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

1-1/4"

1-1/2"

NOMINAL

DIAMETER

SECTION THROUGH TYPICAL GRAB BAR

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11A-9C— GRAB BAR SECTION

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

407

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

CLEAR
FLOOR
SPACE

60" MIN.^

( a ) WITH SEAT IN TUB

CLEAR I ,
FLOOR Ifi
SPACE [^
I

60" MIN.

( b ) WITH SEAT IN TUB

CLEAR
FLOOR
SPACE

75"

( ) WITH SEAT AT HEAD OF TUB

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-9E— CLEAR FLOOR SPACE AT BATHTUBS

408

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

6" max. Toe Clearance*

17"min.

SIDE ELEVATION

*Note: If a minimum 9 inches
height of toe clearance is provided,
a maximum of 6 inches of the
48 inches of clear floor space
required at the fixture may extend
into the toe space.

floor
space

17"min

19" max.

48" min.

.LU

[EH
. o

looo

PLAN VIEW

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLYAS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-9D— KNEE CLEARANCE

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

409

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

CONTROL
AREA —

24"

MIN.

FOOT

12"
MAX

24"

. 24".

MIN

MAX.

€ Qj

[ ^/

BACK

MAX

SEAT

HEAD

( a ) WITH SEAT IN TUB

CONTROL
AREA —

24"

I !

=S) o

FOOT

12"
C

,48" MIH-

,15"
MAX

€ ^:=Si

\ 1

BACK

HEAD

( b ) WITH SEAT AT HEAD OF TUB

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11A-9F— GRAB BARS AT BATHTUBS

410

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

-12' MAX.

42" »

26"

40" MIN.

REINFORCED AREAS FOR INSTALLATION
GRAB BARS

(a) WATER CLOSET IN ADAPTABLE BATHROOMS

6"
24" MIN. 1

—

-1 1

00
CO

■n

I /

12" MAX.

12"

MAX

48"

MIN.

1
1
L

1
I
1

i /

6"
I |24" MIN.I

NOTE: THE AREA OUTLINED IN DASHED LINES REPRESENT LOCATIONS FOR FUTURE
INSTALLATION OF GRAB BARS FOR TYP. FIXTURE CONFIGURATIONS

SIDE

( b ) LOCATION OF GRAB BAR REINFORCEMENTS FOR ADAPTABLE BATHTUBS

CM
CO

^^.^^am^

BACK

NOTE: THE AREA OUTLINED IN DASHED LINES REPRESENT

LOCATION FOR FUTURE INSTALLATION OF GRAB BARS

SIDE

( a ) LOCATION OF GRAB BAR REINFORCEMENTS FOR ADAPTABLE SHOWERS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLYAS ANAID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 A-9G

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

411

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

60" min.

inside face of finish

Centerline of controls or j

hand held sprayer — ^1 24"

Folding Seat

ROLL-IN SHOWER— A

SINGLE LEVER
— MIXING VALVE
CONTROL

TOP OF MOUNTING
BRACKET

rr-zii

i ;

/ Folding
; Seat

HHHHi

\^i^mmmmm

60" min.

Optional
Enclosure

PLAN

ROLL-IN SHOWER— C
36" X 60" WITH ENCLOSURE

1 1/2" Max.

ELEVATION AT SHOWER
TYPICAL FOR A-C

FOLDING SEAT

FIGURE 11A-9H— ROLL-IN SHOWER

412

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

Single Lever
Mixing \61ve
Control

Folding Seat

PERSPECTIVE OF ROLL-IN SHOWER-
42" X 48" CALIFORNIA SIZE

42" Min.

Existing 42" X 48"California showers will
be considered accessible provided that
the controls and hand held shower hose
bracket are relocated to the rear wall
within 24" max. of the folding seat.
The hand held showerhead must have
a dlverterfrom the fixed showerhead
on the opposite wall.

Standard fixed showerhead
located on opposite wall

Seat Extension
for Shower Stalls
over 36" Deep

1/2" Max Beveled Threshold

ROLL-IN SHOWER— B
42" X 48" CALIFORNIA SIZE

FIGURE 11 A-91— ROLL-IN SHOWER

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

413

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

24" Max.

r=^

SEAT

36" Min. GRAB BAR

24" Min. GRAB BAR

PLAN

DESIGN OPTION
STANDARD HEAD

FLEXIBLE SHOWER SPRAY
HOSE -60" LONG

SINGLE LEVER MIXING VALUE
CONTROL

TOP OF HOSE MOUNTING BRACKET

ELEVATION

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN

AID FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11A-9J— OPEN SHOWER

414

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

1,05 M (42 IN. ) GRAB BAR

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION,

FIGURE 11A-9K— ALTERNATIVE ROLL-IN

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

415

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

r- 4b" ULtAK i5ETWEEN
FACES OF CABINETS
FIXTURES OR APPLIA

rr
II
II
II
u

(1)

r — ■

L .

(2)

Ref.

Sink

^■■■■1

1 1

1 1
1 1
1 1

/ ,

48" MIN. ^

I- 60" CLEAR BETWEEN
FACES OF CABINETS,
FIXTURES OR APPLIANCES

TYPICAL KITCHEN

"U" SHAPED KITCHEN

(1) 30-Inch wide counter top space for sink installation with removable base cabinet and finish flooring beneath sink

(2) 30-inch wide counter top workspace

(3) 30-inch by 48-inch clear space adjacent to range or cooktop to allow parallel approach

(4) 30-inch by 48-inch either parallel approach at oven, dishwasher, trash compactor or refrigerator

FIGURE 11A-10A— KITCHEN SPECIFICATIONS

416

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

(b) NONALCOVE WING WALL INSTALLATION

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11A-11A— WATER FOUNTAINS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

417

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

-J- OPTIONAL
I I POST
I I BASE

ELEVATION

I 30" X 48"

I MINIMUM

CLEAR AREA

PLAN

( a ) SIDE REACH ARRANGEMENT

19" MAX.

OVERHANG

PERMITTED

30" X 48"

MINIMUM

CLEAR AREA

19" MAX.

OVERHANG

PERMITTED

ELEVATION

PLAN

( b ) FULL HEIGHT ENCLOSURE

IyI

OPTIONAL

POST

BASE

NOTE: IF Y IS LESS THAN 30
INCHES, THEN X SHALL BE
GREATER THAN 27 INCHES.

30" X 48"

MINIMUM

CLEAR AREA

NOTE: IF 2 IS GREATER THAN 12
INCHES, THEN Y SHALL BE GREATER
THAN 30 INCHES,

ELEVATION PLAN

( c ) FORWARD REACH ARRANGEMENT

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11A-11B— MOUNTING HEIGHTS AND CLEARANCES FOR TELEPHONES

418

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

FIGURE 1 1 A-1 1 C— INTERNATIONAL TTY SYMBOL

FIGURE 11 A-1 ID— VOLUME CONTROL TELEPHONES

FIGURE 11 A-1 IE— INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESS FOR HEARING LOSS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE
INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

419

420 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 1 1B-ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS,
PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire California Chapter

Adopt Entire Caiifornia Ctiapter as
amended (amended sections listed
below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

1114B.2-1114B.2.1

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

421

422 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 11 B

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS,
PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND

PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

Note: For housing accessibility, see Chiapter 1 1A.

Division I— NEW BUILDINGS

SECTION 11 01 B
SCOPE

See CJiapter 1, Section 109.1.

IIOIB.I General. Buildings or portions of buildings shall be
accessible to persons witlt disabilities as required by tfiis cfiap-
ter.

1101B.2 Design. Tiie design and construction of accessible
building elements shall be in accordance with this chapter and
Section 1114B.1.1.

1101B.3 Maintenance of accessible features.

1. A public accommodation shall maintain in operable
worlcing condition those features of facilities and equip-
ment that are required to be accessible to and usable by
persons with disabilities.

2. This section does not prohibit isolated or temporary in-
terruptions in service or access due to maintenance or
repairs.

1101B.4 Dimension conventions. Dimensions that are not
stated as "maximum" or "minimum" are absolute.

110IB.5 Construction and manufacturing tolerances. All

dimensions are subject to conventional industry tolerances
except where the requirement is stated as a range with specific
minimum and maximum end points.

IIOIB. 6 Commercialfacilities located inprivate residences.

1. When a commercial facility is located in a private resi-
dence, the portion of the residence used exclusively as a
residence is not covered by this chapter, except as re-
quired by Section HUB. 5, but that portion used both for
the commercial facility and for residential purposes is
covered by the new construction and alteration require-
ments of this code.

2. The portion of the residence covered extends to those ele-
ments used to enter the commercial facility, including the
homeowner's front sidewalk, if any, the door or entry-
way, and hallways; and those portions of the residence,
interior or exterior, available to or used by employees or
visitors of the commercial facility, including sanitary fa-
cilities.

SECTION 11 02B
DEFINITIONS

For additional definitions pertinent to the Division of the
State Architect — Access Compliance accessibility require-
ments, see Chapter 2, Section 202.

For the purpose of the chapter, certain terms are defined as
follows:

ACCESS AISLE is an accessible pedestrian space adjacent to
or between parking spaces that provides clearances in confor-
mance with this chapter.

ACCESSIBILITY is the combination of various elements in a
building, facility, site, or area, or portion thereof which allows
access, circulation and the full use of the building and facilities
by persons with disabilities in conformance with this chapter

ACCESSIBLE is approachable and usable by persons with
disabilities in compliance with this code.

ACCESSIBLE ELEMENT is an element specified by the reg-
ulations adopted by the Division of the State Architect— Access
Compliance.

ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. See Section 1002.1.

ACCESSIBLE ROUTE OF TRAVEL is a continuous unob-
structed path connecting all accessible elements and spaces in
an accessible building or facility that can be negotiated by a
person with a disability using a wheelchair and that is also safe
for and usable by persons with other disabilities, and that is
consistent with the definition of "Path of travel " in this section.
Interior accessible routes may include corridors, floors,
ramps, elevators, lifts and clearfloor space at fixtures. Exterior
accessible routes may include parking access aisles, curb
ramps, crosswalks at vehicular ways, walks, sidewalks, ramps,
and lifts. An accessible route does not include stairs, steps, or
escalators.

ACCESSIBLE SPACE is a space that complies with the regu-
lations adopted by the Division of the State Architect— Access
Compliance.

ADAPTABILITY is the capability of spaces or facilities to be
readily modified and made accessible.

ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY is a governmental agency
that adopts or enforces regulations and guidelines for the
design, construction, or alteration of buildings andfacilities.

AISLE is a circulation path between objects such as seats,
tables, merchandise, equipment, displays, shelves, desks, etc.,
that provides clearances in conformance with this chapter

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

423

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

AISLE, EMPLOYEE AREAS (as required for architectural
accessibility) is a space that serves as a passageway, which is
created by architectural components such as walls, fixed
Cabinetry or fixtures and not moveable components such as fur-
niture.

AREA OF REFUGE. See Section 1002.1.

ASSEMBLY AREA is a room or space accommodating a
group of individuals for recreational, educational, political,
social or amusement purposes, or for the consumption of food
and drink.

AUTOMATIC DOOR is a door equipped with a power oper-
ated mechanism and controls that open and close the door
automatically upon receipt of a momentary actuating signal.
The switch that begins the automatic cycle may be a photoelec-
tric device, floor mat or manual switch.

CIRCULATION PATH is an exterior or interior way of pas-
sage from one place to another for pedestrians, including, but
not limited to, walks, hallways, courtyards, stairways and stair
landings.

CLEAR means unobstructed.

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE is the minimum unobstructed floor or
ground space required to accommodate a single, stationary
wheelchair and occupant.

CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEPHONE is a telephone with dedi-
cated line(s) such as a house phone, courtesy phone or phone
that must be used to gain entrance to a facility.

COMMON USE AREAS is those interior and exterior rooms,
spaces or elements that are made available for the use of a
restricted group of people (for example, occupants of a home-
less shelter, the occupants of an office building or the guests of
such occupants).

CROSS SLOPE is the slope that is perpendicular to the direc-
tion of travel (as differentiated from running slope).

CURB CUT is an interruption of a curb at a pedestrian way,
which separates surfaces that are substantially at the same ele-
vation.

CURB RAMP is a sloping pedestrian way, intended for pedes-
trian traffic, which provides access between a walk or sidewalk
to a surface located above or below an adjacent curb face.

DETECTABLE WARNING is a standardized surface or fea-
ture built into or applied to walking surfaces or other elements
to warn visually impaired persons of hazards in the path of
travel. Only approved DSA-AC detectable warning products
and directional surfaces shall be installed as provided in the
California Code of Regulations (CCR). Title 24, Part 1, Arti-
cles 2, 3 and 4. Refer to CCR Title 24, Part 12, Chapter 12-11 A
and B for building and facility access specifications for product
approval for. detectable warning products and directional sur-
faces.

Detectable warning products and directional surfaces
installed after January 1, 2001, shall be evaluated by an inde-
pendent entity, selected by the Department of General Services,
Division of the State Architect— Access Compliance, for all
occupancies, including transportation and other outdoor envi-
ronments, except that when products and surfaces are for use in

residential housing, evaluation shall be in consultation with i
the Department of Housing and Community Development. See
Government Code Section 4460.

DWELLING UNIT is a single unit of residence for a family of
one or more persons. Examples of dwelling units covered by
this chapter include condominiums, an apartment unit within
an apartment building and other types of dwellings in which
sleeping accommodations are provided but toileting or cook-
ing facilities are shared by occupants of more than one room or
portion of the dwelling. Examples of the latter include dormi-
tory rooms and sleeping accommodations in shelters intended
for occupancy as residences for homeless persons.

ELEMENT is an architectural or mechanical component of a
building, facility, space or site; for example, a telephone, curb
ramp, door, drinking fountain, seating or water closet.

ELEVATOR, PASSENGER is an elevator used primarily to
carry passengers.

ENTRANCE means any access point to a building or portion
of a building or facility used for the purpose of entering. An
entrance includes the approach walk, the vertical access lead-
ing to the entrance platform, the entrance platform itself, vesti-
bules if provided, the entry door(s) or gate(s), and the
hardware of the entry door(s) or gate(s).

EQUIVALENT FACILITATION is an alternate means of
complying with the literal requirements of these standards and
specifications that provides access in terms of the purpose of
these standards and specifications. See Section 109.1.

In determining equivalent facilitation, consideration shall
be given to means that provide for the maximum independence
of persons with disabilities while presenting the least risk of
harm, injury or other hazard to such persons or others.

EXIT. See Section 1002.1.

FACILITY (or FACILITIES) is a building, structure, room,
site, complex or any portion thereof that is built, altered,
improved or developed to serve a particular purpose. Facilities
shall include all or any portion of buildings, structures, site
developments, complexes, equipment, roads, walks, sidewalks,
passageways, parking lots or other real or personal property
located on a site.

GRAB BAR is a bar for the purpose of being grasped by the
hand for support.

GUARD (or GUARDRAIL). See Section 1002.1.

HANDRAIL. See Section 1002.1.

HEALTH CARE PROVIDER. See "Professional office of a
health care provider."

INDEPENDENT ENTITY. See Section 202. Detectable
warning products and directional surfaces installed after Jan-
uary 1, 2001, shall be evaluated by an independent entity,
selected by the Department of General Services, Division of the
State Architect-^Access Compliance, for all occupancies,
including transportation and other outdoor environments,
except that when products and surfaces are for use in residen-
tial housing evaluation shall be in consultation with the
Department of Housing and Community Development. See
Government Code Section 4460.

424

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESSIBILITY is that
symbol adopted by Rehabilitation International's 11"' World
Congress for the purpose of indicating that buildings and facil-
ities are accessible to persons with disabilities. See Figure
llB-6.

KICK PLATE is an abrasion-resistant plate affixed to the bot-
tom portion of a door to prevent a trap condition and protect its
surface.

LEVEL AREA is a specified surface that does not have a slope
in any direction exceeding % inch (6.4 mm) in Ifoot (305 mm)
from the horizontal (2.083 percent gradient).

LIFT, SPECIAL ACCESS. See "Special access lift."

MARKED CROSSING is a crosswalk or other identified path
intended for pedestrian use in crossing a vehicular way.

NEWLY CONSTRUCTED. See Chapter 11 A, Section
1107A.14-N.

NOSE, NOSING is that portion of a tread projecting beyond
the face of the riser immediately below.

OPEN RISER is the air space between tread projecting
beyond the face of the riser immediately below.

OPERABLE PART is a part of apiece of equipment or appli-
ance used to insert or withdraw objects, or to activate, deacti-
vate or adjust the equipment or appliance (for example, coin
slot, pushbutton, handle).

PASSAGE DOOR is a door other than an exit door through
which persons may traverse.

PATH OF TRAVEL is a passage that may consist of walks and
sidewalks, curb ramps and pedestrian ramps, lobbies and cor-
ridors, elevators, other improved areas or a necessary combi-
nation thereof that provides free and unobstructed access to
and egress from a particular area or location for pedestrians
and/or wheelchair users. A "path of travel" includes a continu-
ous, unobstructed way of pedestrian passage by means of
which a particular area may be approached, entered and
exited, and which connects a particular area with an exterior
approach (including sidewalks, streets, and parking areas), an
entrance to the facility, and other parts of the facility. In exist-
ing buildings, when alterations, structural repairs or additions
are made, the term "path of travel" also includes the sanitary
facilities, telephones, drinking fountains and signs serving the
altered area.

PEDESTRIAN is an individual who moves in walking areas
with or without the use of walking assistive devices such as
crutches, leg braces, wheelchairs, white cane, service animal,
etc.

PEDESTRIAN GRADE SEPARATION is a structure erected
over or under an obstacle such as a freeway, roadway, street,
railroad, stream, etc., and intended primarily for pedestrian
use.

PEDESTRIAN RAMP is a walking surface which has a run-
ning slope greater than 1:20 intended for pedestrian traffic and
as differentiated from a curb ramp.

PEDESTRIAN WAY is a route by which a pedestrian may
pass.

PLATFORM. See Section 410.2.

PRIMARY ENTRY LEVEL is the floor or level of the building
on which the primary entry is located.

PROFESSIONAL OFFICE OF A HEALTH CARE PRO-
VIDER is a location where a person or entity, regulated by the
State to provide professional services related to the physical or
mental health of an individual, makes such services available
to the public. The facility housing the professional office of a
health care provider only includes floor levels housing at least
one health care provider, or any floor level designed or
intended for use by at least one health care provider.

PUBLIC USE AREA means interior or exterior rooms or
spaces of a building that are made available to the general pub-
lic and does not include common use areas. Public use areas
may be provided at a building that is privately or publicly
owned.

PUBLIC WAY. See Section 1002.1.

RAIL TRANSIT BOARDING PLATFORM. See "Transit
boarding platform."

RISER is the vertical distance from the top of the tread to the
top of the next higher tread.

RUNNING SLOPE is the slope that is parallel to the direction
of travel (as differentiated from cross slope).

SHOPPING CENTER (or SHOPPING MALL) 'is one or

more sales or rental establishments or stores. A shopping cen-
ter may include a series of buildings on a common site, con-
nected by a common pedestrian access route on, above or
below the ground floor, that is either under common ownership
or common control or developed either as one project or as a
series of related projects. For the purposes of this section,
"shopping center" or "shopping mall" includes a covered
mall building.

SIDEWALK. See Section 202.

SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS are rooms in which peo-
ple may sleep; for example, dormitory and hotel or motel guest
rooms or suites.

SPECIAL ACCESS LIFT is a hoisting and lowering mecha-
nism equipped with a car or platform or support that serves two
landings of a building or structure and is designed to carry a
passenger or passengers and (or) luggage or other material a
vertical distance as may be allowed.

SPECIFIED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION is

transportation by bus, rail or any other conveyance (other than
by aircraft) that provides the general public with general or
special service (including charter service) on a regular and
continuing basis.

STAGE. See Section 410.2.

STAIR. See Section 1002.1.

STAIRWAY. See Section 1002.1.

STORY means that portion of a building included between the
upper surface of any floor and the upper surface of the floor
next above, except that the topmost story shall be that portion of
a building included between the upper surface of the topmost
floor and the ceiling or roof above. If the finished floor level

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

425

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

directly above a basement or unused under-floor space is more
than 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade for more than 50 percent of
the total perimeter or is more than 12 feet (3658 mm) above
grade at any point, the basement or unused under-floor space
shall be considered as a story. There may be more than one
floor level within a story as in the case of a mezzanine or mezza-
nines.

STORY, FIRST means the lowest story in a building which
qualifies as a story and which provides the basic services or
functions for which the building is used. A floor level in a build-
ing having only one floor level shall be classified as a first
story, if the floor level is not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) below
grade, for more than 50 percent of the total perimeter, or more
than 8 feet (2438 mm) below grade at any point.

STRUCTURAL FRAME is considered to be the columns and
the girders, beams, trusses and spandrels having direct con-
nections to the columns and all other members which are
essential to the stability of the building as a whole.

TEXT TELEPHONE is machinery or equipment that employs
interactive graphic (for example, typed) communications
through the transmission of coded signals across the standard
telephone network. Text telephones can include, for example,
devices known as TTYs (telecommunication display devices) or
computers.

TRANSIENT LODGING is a building, facility or portion
thereof, excluding inpatient medical care facilities, that con-
tains one or more dwelling units or sleeping accommodations.
Transient lodging may include, but is not lindied to, resorts,
group homes, hotels, motels and dormitories.

TRANSIT BOARDING PLATFORM is a horizontal, gener-
ally level surface, whether raised above, recessed below or
level with a transit rail, from which persons embark/disembark
a fixed rail vehicle.

TREAD is the horizontal member of a step.

TREAD DEPTH is the horizontal distance from the front to
back of tread, including nosing when used.

TREAD RUN is the horizontal distance from the leading edge
of a tread to the leading edge of an adjacent tread.

VEHICULAR WAY is a route intended for vehicular traffic,
such as a street, driveway or parking lot.

WALK is a surfaced pedestrian way not located contiguous to
a street used, by the public. (As differentiated from the defini-
tion of "Sidewalk" in Section 202.)

WORK STATION is an area defined by equipment and/or
work surfaces intended for use by employees only, and gener-
ally for one or a small number of employees at a time. Exam-
ples include ticket booths; the employee side of grocery store
checkstands; the bartender area behind a bar; the employee
side of snackbars, sales counters and public counters; guard-
houses; toll booths; kiosk vending stands; lifeguard stations;
maintenance equipment closets; counter and equipment areas
in restaurant kitchens; file rooms; storage areas; etc.

SECTION 1103B
BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY

1103B.1 Scope. Accessibility to buildings or portions of build-
ings shall be provided for all occupancy classifications except
as modified or enhanced by this chapter. Occupancy require-
ments in this chapter may modify general requirements, but
never to the exclusion of them. When a building or facility con-
tains more than one use, the occupancy specific accessibility
provisions for each portion of the building or facility shall
apply.

An accessible route of travel complying with Section
1114B.1.2 shall connect all elements and spaces within a
building or facility. Multistory buildings and facilities must
provide access to each level, including mezzanines, by ramp or
passenger elevator complying with Section 1116B. If more
than one elevator is provided, each passenger elevator shall
comply with Section 1116B.

Exceptions:

1. Floors or portions of floors not customarily occupied,
including, but not limited to, nonoccupiable or em-
ployee spaces accessed only by ladders, catwalks,
crawl spaces, very narrow passageways or freight
(nonpassenger) elevators, and frequented only by
service personnel for repair or maintenance pur-
poses: such spaces as elevator pits and elevator pent-
houses, piping and equipment catwalks, and
machinery rooms.

2. The following types of privately funded multistory
buildings do not require a ramp or elevator above and
below the first floor:

2.1. Multistoried office buildings (other than the
professional office of a health care provider)
and passenger vehicle service stations less
than three stories high or less than 3,000
square feet (279 m^) per story.

2.2. Any other privately funded multistoried build-
ing that is not a shopping center, shopping
mall or the professional office of a health care
provider, or a terminal, depot or other station
usedfor specified public transportation, or an
airport passenger terminal (In such a facility,
any area housing passenger services, includ-
ing boarding and debarking, loading and un-
loading, baggage claim, dining facilities, and
other common areas open to the public must
be on an accessible route from an accessible
entrance) and that is less than three stories
high or less than 3,000 square feet (279 m^)
per story if a reasonable portion of all facili-
ties and accommodations normally sought
and used by the public in such a building are
accessible to and usable by persons with dis-
abilities.

The elevator exception set forth in this section does not obvi-
ate or limit in any way the obligation to comply with the other
accessibility requirements in this code. For example, floors
above or below the accessible ground floor must meet the

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requirements of this section except for elevator service. If toilet
or bathing facilities are provided on a level not served by an
elevator, then toilet or bathing facilities must be provided on
the accessible ground floor

If a building or facility is eligible for this exception but a pas-
senger elevator is nonetheless planned, that elevator shall meet
the requirements of Section I1I6B and shall serve each level in
the building. A passenger elevator that provides service from a
garage to only one level of a building or facility is not required
to serve other levels.

1I03B.2 Distance to elevators. In new construction of build-
ings and only where elevators are required, pursuant to Section
1 1 03B. I, and which exceed 1 0, 000 square feet (929 m^) on any
floor, an accessible means of vertical access via ramp, elevator
or lift shall be provided within 200 feet (60 960 mm) of travel of
each stair and each escalator In existing buildings that exceed
1 0, 000 square feet (929 m^) on any floor and in which elevators
are otherwise required pursuant to Section 1103B.1, whenever
a newly constructed means of vertical access is provided via
stairs or an escalator, an accessible means of vertical access
via ramp, elevator or lift shall be provided within 200 feet (60
960 mm) of travel of each new stair or escalator.

Exception: Stairs used solely for emergency egress.

SECTION 11 04B
ACCESSIBILITY FOR GROUP A OCCUPANCIES

1104B.1 General. All Group A occupancies shall be accessible
as provided in this chapter See also the general requirements
in Section 11 MB. 1. 1.

1104B.2 Assistive-listening systems in assembly areas.

Assembly areas, conference and meeting rooms shall provide
assistive-listening systems for persons with hearing impair-
ments as provided in this section.

Exception: This section does not apply to systems used
exclusively for paging, or background music, or a combina-
tion of these two uses.

1. Number of personal receivers required. The minimum
number of receivers to be provided shall be equal to 4
percent of the total number of seats, but in no case less
than two.

2. Types of listening systems. Types of assistive-listening
systems include, but are not limited to, audio-induction
loops, radio frequency systems (AM or FM) and infrared
transmission.

3. Location. If the assistive-listening system provided is
limited to specific areas or seats, then such areas or seats
shall be within a 50-foot (15 240 mm ) viewing distance
of the performing area.

4. Signage. A sign shall be posted in a prominent place (for
example, a customer service counter, ticket booth or as-
sembly area entrance) indicating the availability of
assistive-listening devices. The sign complying with Sec-
tion 1117B.5.1, Items 2 and 3 shall include the Interna-
tional Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss complying

with Figure 11B-14C and include wording that states,
"Assistive-Listening System Available."

5. Fees and charges. Nothing in this section shall preclude
a facility charging for such assistive-listening system its
usual fee for audiovisual equipment. However, no sur-
charge may be placed directly on any particular individ-
ual with a disability or any group of individuals with
disabilities to cover the costs of such equipment

6. Permanent and portable systems. Permanently in-
stalled assistive-listening systems are required in areas if
(1) they accommodate at least 50 persons or if they have
audio-amplification systems, and (2) they have fixed
seating. If portable assistive-listening systems are used
for conference or meeting rooms, the system may serve
more than one room. An adequate number of electrical
outlets or other supplementary wiring necessary to sup-
port a portable assistive-listening system shall be pro-
vided.

1104B.3 Auditoriums, assembly halls, theaters and related
facilities.

1104B.3.1 Seating. In all assembly places where seating is
provided, there shall be spaces for persons using wheel-
chairs and semi-ambulant persons, as provided in this sec-
tion.

Exceptions:

1. In existing buildings and facilities when the en-
forcing agency determines that compliance with
the seating requirements of this code would create
an unreasonable hardship, such requirements
shall not apply. When the unreasonable hardship
finding is applied, at least 1 percent of the total
seating provided shall be accessible to and usable
by persons with disabilities who use wheelchairs,
and such seating shall comply with the level re-
quirements and the individual space requirements
of this code.

2. When an existing theater is subdivided into more
than one facility having upper levels not accessible
by ramp or elevator, and the enforcing agency de-
termines that full compliance with this code would
create an unreasonable hardship, such upper lev-
els need not be made accessible, provided all facil-
ities at grade are accessible and any event,
showing of motion pictures or other activities
made available to the public in all of the facilities
are scheduled to ensure that all such functions are
available to the public in the accessible facility.

1104B.3.2 Accessibility to key facilities. Seating for per-
sons with disabilities shall be accessible from the main
lobby or from a primary entrance, together with related toi-
let facilities.

1104B.3.3 Variety of locations. Accessible seating or
accommodations in places of public amusement and resort,
including theaters, concert halls and stadiums, but not
including hotels and motels, shall be provided in a variety of
locations so as to provide persons with disabilities a choice

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of admission prices otherwise available to members of the
general public.

1104B.3.4 Wheelchair spaces.

1. The number of such spaces is as shown in Table
llB-1.

TABLE 11B-1
WHEELCHAIR SEATING SPACES

SEATING CAPACITY

NO. OF WHEELCHAIR
SEATING SPACES

4 to 25

26 to 50

51 to 300

301 to 500

In addition, 1 percent, but not less than one, of all fixed
seats, shall be aisle seats with no armrests on the aisle side,
or removable or folding armrests on the aisle side. Each
such seat shall be identified by a sign or marker. Signage
notifying patrons of the availability of such seats shall be
posted at the ticket office.

2. When the seating capacity exceeds 500, one addi-
tional wheelchair seating space shall be provided for
each total seating capacity increase of 100.

3. The ground or floor at spaces shall be level and shall
comply with Section 1124B.

1104B.3.5 Placement of wheelchair locations. Wheelchair
areas shall be an integral part of any fixed seating plan, and
shall be arranged so as to provide persons with disabilities a
choice of admission prices and lines of sight comparable to
those for members of the general public. Each wheelchair
area shall adjoin an accessible route which shall also serve
as a means of egress in case of emergency. At least one com-
panion fixed seat shall be provided next to each wheelchair
seating area. When the seating capacity exceeds 300,
wheelchair spaces shall be provided in more than one loca-
tion in addition to complying with Section 1104B.3.3.

Exceptions:

1. Accessible viewing positions where seating capac-
ity is less than 300 may be clustered for bleachers,
balconies and other areas having sight lines that
require slopes of greater than 5 percent. Equiva-
lent accessible viewing positions may be located
on levels having accessible egress.

2. Where it is determined that dispersing accessible
seating throughout an existing assembly area
would create an unreasonable hardship, accessi-
ble seating areas may be clustered. Each accessi-
ble seating area shall have provisions for
companion seating and shall be located on an ac-
cessible route that also serves as a means of emer-
gency egress.

1104B.3.6 Size of wheelchair location. Each wheelchair
location shall provide minimum clear floor or ground space
as shown in Figure llB-15, and shall adjoin an egress aisle
on at least one side.

1104B.3.7 Removable seats. Readily removable seats may
be installed in these wheelchair spaces when such spaces
are not required to accommodate wheelchair users.

1104B.3.8 Seating for semi-ambulantindividuals. In addi-
tion to spaces provided for wheelchair users as noted in Sec-
tions 1104B.3.4 through 1104B.3.7 above, there shall be
provided seating for semi-ambulant individuals. The num-
ber of such seating shall be equal to at least 1 percent of the
total seating and shall be no fewer than two. Such seats shall
provide at least 24 inches (610 mm) clear leg space between
the front of the seat to the nearest obstruction or to the back
of the seat immediately in front.

1104B.3.9 Life safety. In determining the location of seat-
ing for persons with disabilities, life safety shall be consid-
ered, and all seating provided must comply with the fire and
panic safety requirements of the State Fire Marshal.

II04B.3.I0 Access to performing areas. An accessible
route shall connect wheelchair seating locations with per-
forming areas, including stages, arena floors, dressing
rooms, locker rooms and other spaces used by performers.

1104B.3.11 Stages, enclosed and unenclosed platforms
and orchestra pits. Stages, enclosed and unenclosed plat-
forms and orchestra pits shall be made accessible to per-
sons with disabilities.

Exceptions:

1. When the enforcing agency finds that requiring
compliance with this code, for an enclosed or un-
enclosed platform or depressed area not more than
24 inches (610 mm) above or below an adjacent
accessible level, would create an unreasonable
hardship, the enclosed and unenclosed platform or
depressed area shall be made accessible by a por-
table ramp with a slope not exceeding one unit ver-
tical to 12 units horizontal (8.33 percent slope).

2. In existing buildings and facilities, all stages, en-
closed or unenclosed platforms, and orchestra pits
need not be accessible when the enforcing agency
determines that compliance with this code would
create an unreasonable hardship.

1104B.3.12 Ticket booths. Customer and employee sides of
ticket booths and of concession and refreshment sales facili-
ties shall be made accessible to persons with disabilities.

1104B.3.13 Miscellaneous areas. Public toilets and other
public areas shall be made accessible to persons with dis-
abilities.

1104B.4 Stadiums, grandstands, bleachers, athletic pavil-
ions, gymnasiums and miscellaneous sport-relatedfacilities.

1104B.4.1 Spectator seating. Spectator seating shall com-
ply with Section 1104B.3.

1104B.4.2 Ticket booth. The customer side of a ticket booth
shall be, and the employee side may be, accessible.

II04B.4.3 Participation areas. Participation areas shall be
accessible to persons with disabilities, including the follow-
ing listed and similar activity areas:

1. Tennis, racquetball and handball courts.

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2. Gymnasiumfloor areas and general exercise rooms.

3. Basketball, volleyball and badminton courts, and
bowling lanes.

4. Swimming pool deck areas must be accessible, and a
mechanism to assist persons with disabilities in gain-
ing entry into the pool and in exiting from the pool
shall be provided. Such a mechanism may consist of a
swimming pool lift device as long as the device meets
all of the following criteria:

4.1. Have a seat that meets all of the following:

4.1.1. The seat must be rigid;

4.1.2. The seat must be not less than 17
inches (423 mm) and not more than 19
inches (483 mm), inclusive of any
cushioned surface that might be pro-
vided, above the pool deck;

4.1.3. The seat must have two armrests. The
armrest on the side of the seat by
which access is gained shall be either
removable or fold clear of the seat;

4.1.4. The seat must have a back support that
is at least 12 inches (305 mm) tall;

4.1.5. The seat must have an occupant re-
straint for use by the occupant of the
seat, and the restraint must meet the
standards for operable controls in
compliance with Section 1117B.6,
Items 1 through 4.

4.2. Be capable of unassisted operation from both
the deck and water levels.

4.3. Be stable and not permit unintended move-
mentwhen aperson is getting into or out of the
seat.

4.4. Be designed to have a live-load capacity of
not less than 300 pounds (137 kg).

4.5. Be positioned so that, if the pool has water of
different depths, it will place the operator into
water that is at least 3 feet (914 mm) deep.

4.6. Lower the operator at least 18 inches (457
mm) below the surface of the water

5. Athletic team rooms and facilities, playing fields and
running tracks.

1104B.4.4 Clubrooms. Clubrooms shall be made accessi-
ble to persons with disabilities.

1104B.4.5 Sanitary and locker facilities. Where spectator
and/or participant sanitary and/or locker facilities are pro-
vided, they shall conform with the requirements in Section
1115B.

Exceptions:

1. Where the enforcing agency determines that com-
pliance with these regulations would create an un-
reasonable hardship, an exception may be granted
when equivalent facilitation is provided through
the use of other methods or materials.

2. In existing buildings, when the enforcing agency
finds that compliance with regulations would cre-

ate an unreasonable hardship, an exception may
be granted when all of the following minimum con-
ditions are met:

2.1. When the total seating does not exceed
5,000 at least 1 percent of such seating
shall be accessible to and usable by per-
sons with disabilities. When the total seat-
ing provided exceeds 5,000, one additional
seat for each 2,000 seats provided over
5,000 shall be accessible to and usable by
persons with disabilities.

2.2. Sanitary facilities, ticket booths, club-
rooms, concessions and refreshment facili-
ties shall be accessible.

2.3. One of each type of participation area is
usable and accessible.

1104B.5 Dining, banquet and bar facilities.

1. General. Dining, banquet, and bar facilities shall be
made accessible to persons with disabilities as provided
in this section.

Exceptions:

1. In existing buildings, when the enforcing
agency determines that compliance with any
regulation under this section would create an
unreasonable hardship, an exception shall be
granted when equivalent facilitation is pro-
vided.

2. In existing buildings, these regulations shall not
apply when legal or physical constraints would
not allow compliance with these regulations or
equivalent facilitation without creating an un-
reasonable hardship. See Section 109.1.5.

2. Entrance. Access to these facilities shall be provided at
entrances and exits as required by Section 1133B.1.1.

3. Functional activity. All dining areas, including raised or
sunken dining areas, loggias, outdoor seating areas, and
all areas where each type of functional activity occurs
shall be accessible. For existing buildings, see Section
1120B, Floors and Levels.

4. Seating. Each dining, banquet and bar area shall have
one wheelchair seating space for each 20 seats, with at
least one minimum wheelchair seating space per func-
tional area. Such seating shall be designed and arranged
to permit use by wheelchair occupants, and shall comply
with Section 1122B, Fixed or Built-in Seating, Tables,
and Counters. Access to such seating spaces shall be
provided with main aisles not less than 36 inches (914
mm) clear width. In establishments where separate areas
are designated for smoking and nonsmoking patrons, the
required number of accessible fixed tables (or counters)
shall be proportionally distributed between the smoking
and nonsmoking areas. Accessible seating spaces shall
be integrated with general seating to allow a reasonable
selection of seating area and to avoid having one area
specifically highlighted as the area for persons with dis-
abilities. The ratio of accessible seating is based on the
total number of seats provided. Where food or drink is

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served at counters exceeding 34 inches (865 mm) in
height for consumption by customers seated or standing
at the counter, a portion of the main counter which is 60
inches (1525 mm) in length minimum shall be provided
in compliance with Section 1122B.

5. Foodservice aisles. Food service aisles shall be a mini-
mum of 36 inches (914 mm) of clear width with a pre-
ferred width of 42 inches (1067 mm) where passage of
stopped wheelchairs by pedestrians is desired. Tray
slides shall be mounted no higher than 34 inches (864
mm) above the floor as shown in Figure llB-16. If
self-service shelves are provided, at least 50 percent of
each type must be within the reach ranges in Sections
1118B.5andlll8B.6.

6. Tableware and condiment areas. Self-service table-
ware, dishware, condiments, food and beverage display
shelves and dispensing devices shall comply with Sec-
tions 1118B andll22B.4. See Figure llB-17.

7. Restrooms. Restrooms and powder rooms shall conform
to the requirements in Section 1115B.

8. Food preparation areas. Access to food preparation ar-
eas shall comply with the provisions for entrance doors
and doorways in Section 1008, and aisles in Sections
1014.4 and 1014.4.1.

1104B.6 Religious facilities.

1104B.6.1 General. Religious facilities shall be made
accessible to persons with disabilities as provided in this
section.

Exception: In existing buildings, when the enforcing
agency determines that compliance with any regulation
under this section would create an unreasonable hard-
ship, an exception shall be granted when equivalent
facilitation is provided.

1104B.6.2 Sanctuary. Sanctuary areas shall be made
accessible to persons with disabilities.

1104B.6.2.1 Wheelchair seating spaces in these areas
shall conform to the requirements in Section 1104B.3.1.

1104B.6.2.2 Wheelchair access shall be provided to
raised platforms, choir rooms, choir lofts, performing
areas and other similar areas.

Exception: In existing buildings, these regulations
shall not apply to choir lofts when the enforcing
agency determines that such compliance would cre-
ate an unreasonable hardship.

1104B.6.3 Assembly areas. Assembly areas shall be made
accessible to persons with disabilities. Enclosed and unen-
closed platforms and stages in assembly areas shall con-
form to these requirements.

1104B. 6.4 Classrooms and offices. Classrooms and offices
shall have entry doors that conform to the requirements in
Chapter 10.

1104B.6.5 Sanitary facilities. Sanitary facilities shall con-
form to the requirements in Section 1115B.

SECTION 11 05B
ACCESSIBILITY FOR GROUP B OCCUPANCIES

Group B occupancies shall be accessible as provided in this
chapter. See also the general requirements in Section
1114B.1.1.

Exceptions:

1. In existing buildings, when the enforcing agency de-
termines that compliance with any regulation under
this section would create an unreasonable hardship,
an exception shall be granted when equivalent facili-
tation is provided.

2. In existing buildings, the provisions of this section
shall not apply when legal or physical constraints will
not allow compliance with these building standards
or equivalent facilitation without creating an unrea-
sonable hardship. See Section 109.1.5.

3. For floors and levels in new and existing buildings,
see Section 1120B.

1105B.1 General. The provisions of this section apply to the
specified types of facilities and identify specific requirements of
accessibility and usability which shall be provided for each of
the listed occupancy uses.

1105B.2 Group B occupancies. Group B occupancies used for
assembly purposes shall conform to the requirements as speci-
fied in Section 1114B.1.1. For floors and levels in dining, ban-
quet and bar facilities, see Section 1120B.

1105B.3 Office buildings and personal and public service
facilities. Office buildings and personal and public service
facilities shall conform to the provisions of this section.

1105B.3.1 Facilities covered. Facilities covered in this sec-
tion are those that are used by the public as customers, cli-
ents, visitors or which are potentially places of employment
and shall include, but not be limited to, the following
requirements:

1. All types of general and specialized business profes-
sional offices, including those related to professional
medicine or dentistry, insurance, real estate, attor-
neys, credit bureaus, consultants, counseling and ac-
counting.

2. All types of sales establishments, including outlets for
all general and special merchandise and equipment,
including personal and household furnishings and
supplies, foods, sporting equipment, office supplies,
vehicles and related parts and supplies, building ma-
terials and pet shops.

3. All personal and public service facilities, including
banks, savings and loan companies, credit unions,
newspaper and printing establishments, photo-
graphic studios, launder mats, cleaning and laundry
outlets, veterinarian clinics and hospitals, automo-
bile rental agencies, travel bureaus, public utility fa-
cilities, police stations and detention facilities,
courtrooms and fire stations.

4. In addition to the requirements of this section, all ar-
eas used for business transactions with the public

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shall comply with Sections lllOB.l, Sales, and
1122B, Fixed or Built-in Seating, Tables, and Coun-
ters.

1105B.3.2 Business and professional offices. Areas to be
made accessible include the following:

1. Client and visitor areas and office areas, together
with related toilet rooms.

2. Conference rooms, counseling rooms or cubicles and
similar areas.

3. Employee work areas shall have a minimum of 36
inches (914 mm) clear width access, except as modi-
fied in other portions of these regulations. See Sec-
tions 1133B.6.1 and 1133B.6.2.

4. Professional medical and dental offices shall be made
accessible and shall also comply with Section 1 1 09B.

1105B.3.3 Personal and public service facilities. Areas to
be made accessible include the following:

1. Client and visitor areas, office areas and related toilet
rooms shall be made accessible.

2. Employee work areas shall have a minimum of 36
inches (914 mm) clear width access, except as modi-
fied in other portions of these regulations. See Sec-
tions 1133B.6.1 and 1133B.6.2.

3. Automated teller machines used by a financial institu-
tion and its customers for the primary purposes of ex-
ecuting financial transactions shall be located on an
accessible route of travel complying with Section
1114B.1.2 and shall comply with Section 1117B.7.

1105B.3.4 Public utility facilities. Areas to be made acces-
sible include the following:

1. Office areas, meeting rooms and similar areas to-
gether with related toilet rooms shall be made acces-
sible.

2. Public tour areas, to the extent that such public tours
are conducted through or about a facility, or where
the public is permitted to walk in such areas, shall
provide accessibility in those portions of the facility
and grounds where this occurs.

Exceptions:

1 . Facilities located in operational areas which
would not have any reasonable availability
to or usage by persons who use wheelchairs
for mobility are not subject to the wheelchair
accessibility requirements of these regula-
tions.

2. When the enforcing agency determines that
compliance with this subsection would cre-
ate an unreasonable hardship, an exception
to such provision shall be granted when
equivalent facilitation is provided.

3. Visitor overlook facilities, orientation areas and simi-
lar public use areas, and any sanitary facilities that
serve these facilities shall be made accessible.

4. Where public parking is provided, spaces shall be
provided for persons with disabilities as specified in
Sections 1129B and 1130B.

1105B.3.5 Police department, law enforcement, fire
department facilities and courtrooms. Areas to be made
accessible include the following:

1. Office areas, conference rooms, classrooms, dispatch
rooms and similar areas, along with related sanitary
facilities, shall be made accessible.

2. Detention area visitor rooms shall be made accessi-
ble.

3. At least one detention cell facility with supporting
sanitary facilities shall be made accessible.

4. Courtroom areas, including the judge's chambers
and bench, counsel tables, jury box, witness stand and
public seating area shall be made accessible.

1105B.3.6 Miscellaneous general standards.

1. Circulation aisles and pedestrian ways shall be sized
according to functional requirements and in no case
shall be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in clear width.

2. Storage areas. The doorway providing access to all
such areas shall not be less than 32 inches (813 mm)
in clear width. Storage areas shall be made accessible
in the number and dimensions provided in Section
1125B.

SECTION 11 06B
ACCESSIBILITY FOR GROUP E OCCUPANCIES

1106B.1 General. Group E occupancies shall be accessible as
provided in this chapter See also the general requirements in
Section 1114B.1.1.

Exceptions:

2. In existing buildings, where the enforcing agency de-
termines that, because of physical constraints, com-
pliance with these regulations or equivalent
facilitation would create an unreasonable hardship,
these regulations shall not apply. See Section 109.1.5.

1106B.2 Laboratory rooms. Laboratory rooms shall have at
least one workstation and at least 5 percent of all workstations
accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities in compli-
ance with Section 1 118B, Space Allowance and Reach Ranges,
and Section 1122B, Fixed or Built-in Seating, Tables and
Counters.

Exception: Where the enforcing agency determines that it
would create an unreasonable hardship to require compli-
ance with these regulations for special use rooms such as
laboratory preparation rooms, supply rooms, small
research laboratories, and areas containing specialized
equipment not readily usable by persons with particular
disabilities, such facilities need not comply with these regu-

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lations, except that a clear width of 32 inches (813 mm)
shall be maintained into such rooms.

1106B.3 Teaching facility cubicles, study carrels, etc. Teach-
ing facility cubicles, study carrels, etc., shall have 5 percent,
but always at least one cubicle or carrel in each group (lan-
guage, dental, audiovisual, typing, drafting, darkrooms, etc.)
made accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities in
compliance with Section 1118B, Space Allowance and Reach
Ranges, and Section 1122B, Fixed or Built-in Seating, Tables
and Counters.

1106B.4 Library general use areas.

1. General. Library general use areas such as those hous-
ing card files, book stacks, periodicals, reading and
study areas, reference areas, information desks, circula-
tion counters, reserve areas, special facilities or collec-
tions, etc., shall be made accessible to persons with
disabilities.

2. Open book stacks. Open book stacks (those available for
customer use) shall be on an accessible route complying
with Section 1114B.L2, may be of normal height, and
shall have main aisles no less than 44 inches (1118 mm)
in clear width and side, range and end aisles no less than
36 inches (914 mm) in clear width.

In existing buildings, multitiered, closed book stacks
(those restricted to employee use) are exempt from these
accessibility standards.

3. Height of book shelves. Unless an attendant is available
to assist Persons v.'ith disabilities all book shelving shall
be located not more than 54 inches (1372 mm) above the
floor.

4. Card catalogs and magazine displays. Minimum clear
aisle space and maximum reach heights at card catalogs
and magazine displays shall comply with Section 111 8B,
with a height of 48 inches (1219 mm) preferred irrespec-
tive of reach allowed.

SECTION 1107B
FACTORIES AND WAREHOUSES

Factories and warehouses shall conform to the provisions of
this section, Sections 1103B.1 and 1103B.1, Exception 2, for
multistory buildings. See also the general requirements in Sec-
tion 1114B.1.1.

Exception: In existing buildings, when the enforcing
agency determines that compliance with any regulation
under this section would create an unreasonable hardship,
an exception shall be granted when equivalent facilitation is
provided.

1107B.1 Factories.

1 . Major or principal floor areas shall be made accessible.

2. Office areas shall be made accessible.

3. Sanitary facilities serving these areas shall be made ac-
cessible.

1107B.2 Warehouses.

1. Miscellaneous warehousing areas which are located on
the floor nearest grade and those areas on other floors
that are otherwise provided with access by level entry,
ramp or elevator shall be made accessible.

2. Office areas shall be made accessible.

3. Sanitary facilities serving these areas shall be made ac-
cessible.

SECTION 1108B
ACCESSIBILITY FOR GROUP H OCCUPANCIES

1108B.1 General. Group H occupancies shall be accessible as
provided in this chapter. See also the general requirements in
Section 1114B.1.1.

Exceptions:

1. In existing Group H occupancies, when the enforcing
agency determines that compliance with any regula-
tion under this section would create an unreasonable
hardship, an exception shall be granted when equiva-
lent facilitation and protection are provided.

2. In existing Group H occupancies, the provisions of
this section shall not apply when legal or physical
constraints prevent compliance with these building
standards or the provisions of equivalent facilitation
without creating an unreasonable hardship. See Sec-
tion 109.1.5.

1108B.2 Accessible sanitation facilities. Accessible sanitation
facilities in all Group H occupancies shall be provided as spec-
ified in this chapter.

1108B.3 Accessible routes. Entrances, stairs, ramps, doors,
turnstiles, corridors, walks, sidewalks and hazards shall pro-
vide accessibility as specified in Section 1133B.

1108B.4 Accessible floors and levels. Accessible floors and
levels shall comply with the requirements specified in this
chapter.

1108B.5 Employee work areas. Employee work areas shall be
accessible by means of a 36-inch-minimum (914 mm) aisle
width and a 32-inch-minimum (813 mm) clear opening door
width, as specified in Sections 1133B.6.1 and 1133B.6.2.

1108B.6 Accessible facilities covered in this chapter are those
that are used by the public as customers, clients, visitors or
which are potential places of employment.

SECTION 11 09B
ACCESSIBILITY FOR GROUP I OCCUPANCIES

1109B.1 General. All Group I occupancies shall be accessible
as provided in this chapter. See also the general requirements
in Section 11 14B.1.1.

Exception: In existing buildings, when the enforcing
agency determines that compliance with any regulation
under this section would create an unreasonable hardship.

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an exception shall be grantedwhen equivalent facilitation is
provided.

1109B.2 Entrance. At least one accessible entrance shall be
protected from the weather by canopy or roof overhang. Such
entrances shall incorporate a passenger loading zone. Passen-
ger loading zones shall provide an access aisle at least 60
inches (1524 mm) wide and 20 feet (6096 mm) long adjacent
and parallel to the vehicle pull-up space. If there are curbs
between the access aisle and the vehicle pull-up space, then a
curb ramp complying with Chapter IIB shall be provided.
Vehicle standing spaces and access aisles shall be level with
surface slopes not exceeding one unit vertical in 50 units hori-
zontal (2-percent slope) in all directions. Minimum vertical
clearance of 114 inches (2896 mm) at accessible passenger
loading zones and along vehicle access routes to such areas
from site entrances shall be provided.

Exception: Clinics and other medical facilities that are not
intended for patient stays of 24 hours or more, and that are
located above the first story of a building, and that do not
have a dedicated entrance from, the exterior of the building
at the first story.

1109B.3 Patientbedrooms and toilet rooms. Patient bedrooms
and associated toilet facilities shall be made accessible as fol-
lows:

1. Long-term care facilities, including skilled nursing fa-
cilities, intermediate care facilities, bed and care and
nursing homes shall have at least 50 percent of patient
bedrooms and toilet rooms, and all public use and com-
mon use areas, accessible.

2. General-purpose hospitals, psychiatric facilities and de-
toxification facilities shall have at least 10 percent of pa-
tient bedrooms and toilets, and all public use and
common use areas, accessible.

3. Hospitals and rehabilitation facilities that specialize in
treating conditions that affect mobility, or units within ei-
ther that specialize in treating conditions that affect mo-
bility, shall have all patientbedrooms and toilets and all
public use and common use areas accessible.

1109B.4 Patient bedroom areas. Accessible patient bedrooms
shall comply with the following requirements:

1. Each bedroom shall have a turning space measuring 60
inches (1524 mm) clear in diameter, or that is a T-shaped
space complying with Figure llB-12. In rooms with two
beds, it is preferable that this space be located between
beds.

2. Each bedroom shall have a minimum clear floor space of
36 inches (914 mm) along each side of the bed, and shall
provide an accessible route to each side of the bed.

3. Each bedroom shall have an accessible door that com-
plies with Section 1133B.2.

1109B.5 Patient toilet rooms and bathing facilities. Patient
toilet rooms and bathing facilities required to be accessible
shall comply with Section 1115B.

1109B.6 Diagnostic and treatment areas. Diagnostic and
treatment areas and, where applicable, at least one dressing

room, sanitary facility, etc., for each unit or suite shall be made
accessible.

1109B.7 Waiting areas, offices and sanitary facilities. Waiting
areas, offices and sanitary facilities serving them shall be made
accessible as covered in other portions of these standards.

1109B.8 Offices and suites. In buildings that house offices and
suites of physicians, dentists, etc., all such offices or suites shall
be made accessible, subject to other provisions of these regula-
tions.

SECTION 111 OB
ACCESSIBILITY FOR GROUP M OCCUPANCIES

lllOB.l Sales.

IIIOB.1.1 General areas. General sales, display and office
areas together with related toilet rooms shall be made
accessible. See also the general requirements in Section
1114B.1.1.

Exceptions:

1. Minor specialized display areas that do not exceed
200 square feet (1 8. 6 m^) in floor area and to which
the general public is excluded need not be made
accessible.

2. Offices in sales facilities that do not exceed 5,000
square feet (465 m^) in total area, that are located
on nonaccessible levels, need not be made accessi-
ble.

IIIOB.1.2 Work areas. Sales employee workstations shall
be located on accessible levels, and the customer side of
sales or check-out stations shall be accessible. Employee
work areas shall be sized and arranged to provide access to
employees in wheelchairs.

1 HOB. 1.3 Check stands. In new construction, check
stands, including service counters requiring a surface for
transactions, shall be made accessible by providing a
36-inch (914 mm) minimum clear aisle width on the cus-
tomer side of the check stand. Where check stands are pro-
vided, the number of check stands that are accessible shall
be as shown in Table llB-2.

TABLE 11 B-2
CHECK STANDS

TOTAL NUMBER OF CHECK STANDS
OF EACH DESIGN

NUMBER OF CHECK STANDS OF

EACH DESIGN TO BE

ACCESSIBLE

lto4

5 to 8

9 to 15

over 15

3 plus 20% of additional aisles

In new and existing construction, accessible check stands
shall provide a minimum clear checkout aisle width of 36
inches (914 mm) with a maximum adjoining counter height
not exceeding 38 inches (965 mm) above thefinishfloor. The
top of the counter lip shall not exceed 40 inches (1016 mm)
above thefinishfloor. Accessible check stands shall always
be open to customers with disabilities and shall be identified

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by a sign clearly visible to those in wheelchairs. The sign
shall display the International Symbol of Accessibility in
white on a blue background and shall state: "This check
stand to be open at all times for customers with disabilities."

In existing buildings, at least one checkout aisle shall be
accessible in facilities with less than 5,000 square feet (465
m^) of selling space. In facilities of 5,000 square feet (465
rr?) or more of selling space, at least one of each design of
checkout aisle shall he made accessible when altered until
the number of accessible checkout aisles of each design
equals the number required in new construction.

Examples of checkout aisles of different design include
those which are specifically designed to serve differentfunc-
tions. A different design includes, but is not limited to, the
following features: length of belt or no belt, or permanent
signage designating the aisle as an express lane.

IIIOB.1.4 Point-of-sale machines. All point-of-sale
machines used by customers for the primary purpose of exe-
cuting transactions between the business entity and the cus-
tomer shall comply with Section 1117B.7.

IIIOB.1.5 Turnstiles. See Section 1133B.2.3.4.

IIIOB.1.6 Theft prevention barriers. Where shopping cart
theft prevention barriers are used, they shall conform to the
following requirements:

1. Each entrance and exit provided for public use shall
be accessible to and usable by persons with disabili-
ties.

2. Shopping cart barriers located at a public entrance or
exit shall be designed to provide a clear, unobstructed
opening at least 32 inches (813 mm) in width for in-
gress and egress of persons with disabilities.

3. Where gates are used, they shall open in the direction
of travel, provide a clear unobstructed opening 32
inches (813 mm) in width and be maintained unlocked
during business hours. Gates shall not operate a pub-
licly audible alarm system or require more than 5
foot-pounds offeree (22.2 N-m).

4. Where a clear unobstructed opening is provided, a
level area is required on both sides of the clear open-
ing or gate which extends a minimum of 44 inches
(1118 mm) on each side of the opening and is at least
48 inches (1219 mm) in width.

5. Where a gate is used, the level area on both sides of
the clear opening or gate shall be a minimum of 60
inches (1524 mm) in width and extend a minimum of
60 inches (1524 mm) (measured from the gate in a
closed position) in the direction of the gate swing. The
level area opposite the gate swing shall be a minimum
of 48 inches (1219 mm) in width and extend a mini-
mum of 42 inches (1067 mm).

6. Where a gate is used, the bottom of the gate shall be
within 3 inches (76 mm) of the surface of the path of
travel. The surface of the gate on each side shall be
smooth to present no hazard to persons with disabili-
ties using the gate and shall be structurally adequate
to allow it to be opened with the wheelchair foot ped-
als.

7. The path of travel to and through the clear opening or
gate shall be designed to prevent barriers from ob-
structing it and shall be continuously maintained un-
obstructed during business hours. Also, the design
shall specifically prevent parked vehicles from ob-
structing ingress and egress.

8. Interior and exterior pedestrian traffic barriers
(posts, rails, turnstiles, etc.) shall allow unobstructed
travel for persons with disabilities through a 32-inch
(813 mm) clear opening.

1110B.2 Miscellaneous general standards.

IIIOB.2.1 Circulation. Shelves or display units allowing
self-service by customers in mercantile occupancies shall
be located on an accessible route of travel complying with
Section 1114B.1.2. Circulation aisles and pedestrian ways
shall be sized according to functional requirements and in
no case shall be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in clear width.

IIIOB.2.2 Storage areas. The doorway providing access to
all such areas shall not be less than 32 inches (813 mm) in
clear width. Storage areas shall be made accessible in the
number and dimensions provided in Section II25B.

SECTION 1111 B
ACCESSIBILITY FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCIES

llllB.l General. Group R occupancies shall be accessible or
adaptable as provided in this chapter. Public use and common
use areas serving adaptable guest and/or dwelling units shall
be accessible. See also the general accessibility requirements
in Section 1114B.1.1.

Exception: When the enforcing agency determines that
compliance with any regulation under this section would
create an unreasonable hardship, an exception shall be
granted when equivalent facilitation is provided.

1111B.2 Public and common use rooms or areas. Public- and
common use rooms and similar areas shall be made accessible
to persons with disabilities, subject to specific provisions con-
tained in other portions of these regulations. See also general
requirements in Section 1114B.I.1.

At least one of each type of amenity (such as washers, dryers
and similar equipment installed for the use of occupants) in
each common area shall be accessible and shall be located on
an accessible route to any accessible unit or sleeping accom-
modation.

Exception: Where elevators are not required, accessible
amenities are not required on inaccessible floors as long as
one of each type is provided in common areas on accessible
floors.

1111B.3 Recreational facilities. When recreational facilities
are provided, including swimming pools, they shall comply
with Sections 1104B.4.3 and 1132B.2.

1111B.4 Hotels, motels, inns, dormitories, resorts, homeless
shelters, halfway houses, transient group homes and similar
places of transient lodging. Hotels, motels, inns, dormitories,
resorts, homeless shelters, halfway houses, transient group
homes and similar places of transient lodging shall provide

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access for persons with disabilities in accordance with the pro-
visions of the accessibility requirements of this California
Building Code, except as herein provided.

Facilities with multibed rooms or spaces shall comply with
Sections llllB.4.2 and llllB.4.3.

Occupancies which are not homeless shelters but are being
altered to provide shelter accommodations shall meet the
requirements of this section.

llllB.4.1 Available range of accommodations. Accessi-
ble guest rooms or suites shall be dispersed among the vari-
ous classes of sleeping accommodations to provide a range
of options applicable to room sizes, costs, amenities pro-
vided and the number of beds provided.

llllB.4.2 Guest rooms and suites. Places of transient
lodging shall incorporate the accessibility requirements of
this code as modified by this chapter in at least one guest
room or dormitory room together with their sanitary facili-
ties as required in Table llB-3. All accessible sleeping
rooms or suites required by Table llB-3 shall comply with
the requirements of Section llllB.4.5 for hearing impaired
guests.

llllB.4.2.1 Spaces. Where provided as part of an
accessible unit, sleeping room or suite, the following
spaces shall be accessible and shall be on an accessible
route complying with Section 1114B.1.2:

1. The living area;

2. The dining area;

3. At least one sleeping area;

4. Patios, terraces or balconies;

5. Where full bathrooms are provided, at least one
full bathroom (that is, one with a water closet, a
lavatory and a bathtub or shower);

6. Where only half baths are provided, at least one
half bath;

7. Carports, garages or parking spaces.

llllB.4.2.2 Accessible route. Guest rooms and suites
shall be on an accessible route complying with Section
1114B.1.2. An accessible route shall also connect all
accessible spaces and elements, including telephones,
within the unit, sleeping room or suite.

llllB.4.2.3 Doors.

llllB.4.2.3.1 Doors into and within covered rooms
and suites. Doors and doorways designed to allow
passage into and within all sleeping rooms, suites or
other covered units shall comply with Section
1133B.2.

llllB.4.2.3.2 Doors into and within all other rooms
and suites. Doors and doorways designed to allow
passage into and within all other sleeping rooms and
suites shall comply with Section 1133B.2.2.

llllB.4.2.4 Alterations in existing facilities. When
guest rooms are being altered in an existing facility, or
portion thereof subject to the requirements of this sec-
tion, at least one guest room or suite that complies with

the accessibility requirements of this code as modified by
this chapter shall be provided for each 25 guest rooms, or
fraction thereof, of rooms being altered until the number
of such rooms provided equals the number required to be
accessible in Table llB-3. In addition, at least one guest
room or suite that complies with the requirements of Sec-
tion llllB.4.5 shall be provided for each 25 guest
rooms, or fraction thereof, of rooms being altered until
the number of such rooms equals the number required to
be accessible in Table llB-4.

llllB.4.3 Access to beds. Accessible sleeping rooms shall
have a 36-inch (914 mm) clear width maneuvering space
located along both sides of a bed, except that where two
beds are provided, this requirement can be met by providing
a 36-inch-wide (914 mm) maneuvering space located
between the beds.

In addition, there shall be a clear space under the bed for
the use of a personal lift device. The clear space shall be on ■
a long side of the bed adjacent to an accessible aisle. The
clear space shall extend horizontally to points not more than
12 inches (305 mm) from each end of the bed, vertically not
less than 7 inches (178 mm), and not less than 30 inches
(762 mm) deep.

llllB.4.4 Kitchens, kitchenettes or wet bar facilities.

When accommodations are provided with kitchens, kitchen-
ettes, wet bar units or similar amenities, they shall be acces-
sible and meet the requirements of Section 1133A. Kitchens
shall be provided per the number required to be accessible
in conformance with Table llB-3.

llllB.4.5 Visual alarms, notification devices and tele-
phones for persons with hearing impairments. In addition
to those accessible sleeping rooms and suites required by
Section llllB.4.2, additional sleeping rooms and suites
shall be provided with the following features as required by
Table llB-4 as follows:

llllB.4.5.1 Visual alarms. Visual alarms shall be pro-
vided and shall comply with NFPA 72 and Chapter 9,
Sections 907.9.1 and 907.9.2.

llllB.4.5.2 Visual notification devices. Visual notifica-
tion devices shall also be provided in units, sleeping
rooms and suites to alert room occupants of incoming
telephone calls and a door knock or bell. Notification
devices shall not be connected to visual alarm signal
appliances.

IIIIB.4.5.3 Telephones. Permanently installed tele-
phones shall have volume controls complying with Sec-
tion 1117B.2. 8; an accessible electrical outlet within 48 ■
inches (1219 mm) of a telephone connection shall be pro-
vided to facilitate the use of a text telephone.

llllB.4.6 Bathrooms in hotels, motels, inns, dormitories,
resorts, homeless shelters, halfway houses, transient
group homes and similar places of transient lodging.

Required accessible bathrooms for places of transient lodg-
ing shall comply with the following provisions:

Exception: Hotel and motel bathrooms beyond those
specified in Section 1111B.4 need not comply with the
provisions of this section or other accessibility provi-

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sions of the California Building, Electrical and Plumb-
ing Codes if they provide the following features:

1. All bathroom fixtures are in a location that allows
a person using a wheelchair measuring 30 inches
by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) to touch the
wheelchair to any lavatory, urinal, water closet,
tub, sauna, shower stall and any other similar san-
itary installation, if provided.

2. All bathroom entrance doors have a clear opening
width of 32 inches (813 mm) and shall be either
sliding doors or shall be hung to swing in the direc-
tion of egress from the bathroom.

1. Doors. Doors to accessible bathrooms shall comply
with Section 1133B.2. Doors shall not swing into the
floor space required for any fixture.

2. Clear floor space. All fixtures and controls shall be on
an accessible route. There must be within the bath-

room a clear floor space measuring 30 inches by 60
inches (762 mm by 1524 mm). The clear floor spaces
at fixtures and controls, the accessible route and the
turning space may overlap.

3. Water closets. If a toilet compartment is provided, it
shall comply withSection 1 1 15B.3.1 orlll5B.3.2; its
water closet shall comply with Section 1115B.4.1 of
this code.

4. Lavatory and mirrors. If a lavatory and/or mirror is
provided, they shall comply with Sections 1115B.4.3
and 1115B.8.1, as applicable.

5. Controls and dispensers. If controls, dispensers, re-
ceptacles or other types of equipment are provided,
then at least one of each shall be on an accessible
route and shall comply with Section 1117B.6, Con-
trols and Operating Mechanisms.

6. Bathing and shower facilities. If tubs or showers are
provided, then at least one accessible tub that com-

TABLE11B-3
ADDITIONAL ACCESSIBILITY REQUIRED IN GUESTROOMS OR SUITES*

TOTAL NUMBER OF ROOMS

FULLY ACCESSIBLE ROOMS

PLUS ADDITIONAL ACCESSIBLE ROOMS WITH ROLL-IN SHOWERS

I to 25

26 to 50

51 to 75

76 to 100

101 to 150

151 to 200

201 to 300

301 to 400

401 to 500

4 plus 1 for each additional 100 over 400

501 to 1,000

2% of total

4 plus Ifor each additional 100 over 400

1,001 and over

20 plus Ifor each 100 over 1,000

*Provisions of this chapter are additional modifications to general requirements listed in Section 1114B.1.L

TABLE 11 B-4
ADDITIONAL ACCESSIBILITY REQUIRED FOR HEARING IMPAIRED IN GUEST ROOMS*

TOTAL NUMBER OF ROOMS

NUMBER OF ROOMS EQUIPPED FOR HEARING IMPAIRED

lto25

26 to 50

51 to 75

76 to 100

101 to 150

151 to 200

201 to 300

301 to 400

401 to 500

501 to 1,000

2% of total

1,001 and over

20 plus Ifor each 100 over 1,000

*Provisions of this chapter are additional modifications to general requirements listed in Section 1114B.1.1. For Group I-l andR-1 occupancies, also see Section
907.9.1.3.

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plies with Section 1115B.4.5 or at least one accessi-
ble shower that complies with Section 1115B.4.4 of
this code shall be provided.

7. Toilet facilities. Toilet facilities shall comply with
Section llllB.4.6, as modified for hotel, motel and
dormitory accommodations.

llllB.4.7 Dormitory rooms. Dormitory rooms beyond
those specified herein shall comply with the adaptability
requirements of Section HUB. 5.

1111B.5 Buildings and complexes containing publicly
funded dwelling units.

llllB.5.1 General. Buildings and complexes containing
publicly funded dwelling units shall be accessible as
required by Chapter 11 A, Housing Accessibility, except that
scoping requirements for covered, multifamily dwellings
include one or more publicly funded dwelling units, and are
required to comply with Division IV— Accessibility for
Existing Buildings, beginning with Section 1134B.

SECTION 111 2B
Reserved

SECTION 11 13B
Reserved

SECTION HUB
FACILITY ACCESSIBILITY

When buildings are required to be accessible, buildings and
facilities shall be accessible as provided in this section.

1114B.1 Design and construction.

1114B.1.1 General. When accessibility is required by this
chapter, it shall be designed and constructed to meet the
minimum requirements of the following sections:

Chapter IIB, Accessibility; Division I, New Buildings;
Division II, Site Accessibility; Division III, Accessibility
for Entrances, Exits andPaths of Travel; and Division IV,
Accessibility for Existing Buildings

Entrances— [for HCD 1-AC] Section I120A.1; [for
DSA-AC] Section 1133B.1.1

Doors— [for HCD 1-AC] Sections 1114A.4.4, 1117A.2,
1122A.3.4, 1126A, 1132A; [for DSA-AC] Section
1133B.2

Corridors— [for HCD 1-AC] Section 1120A; [for
DSA-AC] Section 1133B.3

Stairways— [for HCD 1-AC] Sections 1115A.6, 1123A;
[for DSA-AC] Section 1133B.4

Ramps— [for HCD 1-AC] Sections 1112A, 1114A,
1122A; [for DSA-AC] Section 1133B.5

Aisles— [for DSA-AC] Section 1133B.6

Walks and Sidewalks — [for HCD 1-AC] Section 1113A;
[for DSA-AC] Section 1133B.7

Hazards— [for HCD 1-AC] Sections 1116A, 1125A;
[for DSA-AC] Section 1133B.8

Elevators— [for HCD 1-AC] Section 3003; [for
DSA-AC] Section 1116B

Special Access (Wheelchair) Lifts — [for HCD 1-AC]
Section 1124A; [for DSA-AC] Section 1116B.2

Alarms— Chapter 9, Sections 907.9.1 and 907.9.2

Bathing and Toilet Facilities — Section 1115B

Signs and Identification — Section 1117B.5

Detectable Warnings — [for DSA-AC] Sections
1121B.3.1 Item 8(a), 1127B.5.7, 1133B.8.5, Part
12— Chapters 12-1 lA and 12-llB

See also Part 3, California Electrical Code.

1114B.1.2 Accessible route of travel. When a building, or
portion of a building, is required to be accessible or adapt-
able, an accessible route of travel complying with Sections
1102B, 1114B, 1124B, 1133B.3, 1133B.5, 1133B.7 and
1133B. 8.6 shall be provided to all portions of the building,
to accessible building entrances and between the building
and the public way. Except within an individual dwelling
unit, an accessible route of travel shall not pass through
kitchens, storage rooms, restrooms, closets or other spaces
used for similar purposes. At least one accessible route
within the.boundary of the site shall be provided from public
transportation stops, accessible parking and accessible
passenger loading zones and public streets or sidewalks to
the accessible building entrance they serve. The accessible
route shall, to the maximum extent feasible, coincide with
the route for the general public. At least one accessible route
shall connect accessible buildings, facilities, elements and
spaces that are on the same site. At least one accessible
route shall connect accessible building or facility entrances
with all accessible spaces and elements and with all acces-
sible dwelling units within the building or facility. An acces-
sible route shall connect at least one accessible entrance of
each accessible dwelling unit with those exterior and inte-
rior spaces and facilities that serve the accessible dwelling
unit.

Where more than one route of travel is provided, all
routes shall be accessible.

Exception: Where an elevator is provided for vertical
access, only one elevator is required. Where more than
one elevator is provided, all elevators shall be accessi-
ble. See Section 1114B.1.1 for a list of code sections
applicable to accessible routes of travel.

1114B.1.3 Primary entry access. All entrances and all exte-
rior ground-level exits shall be accessible in compliance
with Section 1133B.1.1.

1114B.1.4 Signs. See Section 1117B.5.

1114B.1.5 Adaptable dwelling units. See Section HUB.

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1114B.2 Egress and areas of refuge.

1114B.2.1 General. In buildings or facilities or portions of
buildings or facilities required to be accessible, accessible
means of egress shall be provided as required by Chapter
10, Section 1007.

1114B.2.2 Alarms/emergency warning systems/accessi-
bility. If emergency warning systems are provided, they shall
include both audible alarms and visual alarms complying
withNFPA 72 and Chapter 9, Sections 907.9.1 and 907.9.2.

SECTION 1115B

BATHING AND TOILET FACILITIES (SANITARY

FACILITIES)

1115B.1 General. Bathing and toilet facilities that serve build-
ings, facilities or portions of buildings or facilities that are
required by these standards to be accessible to persons with
disabilities, shall be on an accessible route and shall conform
to the following requirements.

The accessible fixtures and controls required in this section
shall be on an accessible route. An unobstructed turning space
complying with Section 1115B.3.1, Item 1, or 1115B.3.2, Item
1, as applicable, shall be provided within an accessible toilet
facility. The clear floor spaces at fixtures and controls, the
accessible route and the turning space may overlap.

See Section llllB.4.6 and Chapter llAfor bathrooms in
residential occupancies.

Exception: In existing buildings or facilities, when the
enforcing agency determines that compliance with any
building standard under this section would create an unrea-
sonable hardship, an exception to such standard may be
granted when equivalent facilitation is provided. When
equivalent facilitation is used, the following criteria shall
apply:

1. All sanitary facilities are not required to comply with
these building standards when the enforcing agency
determines that sanitary facilities are accessible to
and usable by persons with disabilities within a rea-
sonable distance of accessible areas.

2. When existing sanitary facilities are not being altered
to provide accessibility, signage complying with Sec-
tions 1117B:5.1, Items 2 and 3, and 1117B.5.8.1 shall
be provided at such inaccessible facilities indicating
the location of the nearest accessible sanitary facility.

1115B.1.1 Separate and unisex facilities. Where separate
facilities are provided for persons of each sex, these facili-
ties shall be accessible to persons with disabilities. Where
unisexfacilities are provided, these facilities shall be acces-
sible to persons with disabilities.

TABLE 1115B-1
SUGGESTED DIMENSIONS FOR CHILDREN'S USE

The Division of the State Architect— Access Compliance recommends the following dimensions as adequately serving the needs of children
in projects under our jurisdiction. These recommendations are based on the federal "Recommendations for Accessibility for Children in
Elementary School" and other recognized publications on access for children:

A = Adult Dimensions (age 12 and over)

E = Elementary Dimensions

K = Kindergarten and Preschool Dimensions

SUGGESTED

DIMENSION

A
(Inches)

E
(inches)

(inches)

Toilet centering from wall

Toilet seat height/Dimensions to top of seat

17-19

10-12

Grab bar height (side)

20-22

Toilet paper in front of toilet

12 max

6 max

Napkin disposal in front of toilet

12 max

N/A

Dispenser or mirror height

40 max

36 max

32 max

Lavatory/sink top height

34 max

29 max

24 max

Lavatory/sink knee clearance

27min

24 min

19 min

Urinal lip height

17 max

15 max

13 min

Urinal flush handle height

44 max

37 max

32 max

Drinking fountain bubbler height

36 max

32 max

30 max

Drinking fountain knee clearance

27 min

24 min

22 min

Ramp/stair handrail height

34-38

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

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1115B.1.2 Where used by children. Where facilities are to
be used solely by small children, the specific heights and
clearances may be adjusted to meet their accessibility
needs. See Table 1115B-1 for suggested mounting heights
and clearances.

1115B.2 Bathing and shower facilities. Where facilities for
bathing are provided for the public, clients or employees,
including showers or bathtubs, at least one shower or bathtub
and support facilities such as lockers, and not less than 1 per-
cent of all facilities, shall be accessible and conform to the fol-
lowing standards:

1. Shower areas. Showers in all occupancies shall be fin-
ished as specified in Section 1115B.3.1, Item 6 to a
height of not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above the
drain inlet. Materials other than structural elements
used in such walls shall be of a type which is not ad-
versely affected by moisture.

2. Doors and panels. Doors and panels of shower and
bathtub enclosures shall be substantially constructed
from approved, shatter-resistant materials. Hinged
shower doors shall open outward.

3. Glazing for shower and bathtub enclosures. Glazing
used in doors and panels of shower and bathtub enclo-
sures shall be fully tempered, laminated safety glass or
approved plastic. When glass is used, it shall have mini-
mum thickness of not less than '/g inch (3.2 mm) when
fully tempered, or % inch (6.4 mm) when laminated, and
shall pass the test requirements of Section 2406.

4. Plastics. Plastics used in doors and panels of showers
and bathtub enclosures shall be of a shatter-resistant
type.

1115B.3 Toilet facilities.

1115B.3.1 Multiple-accommodation toilet facilities. Mul-
tiple-accommodation toilet facilities shall have the follow-
ing:

1. Wheelchair clearance. A clear space measuredfrom
the floor to a height of 27 inches (686 mm) above the
floor, within the sanitary facility room, of sufficient
size to inscribe a circle with a diameter not less than
60 inches (1524 mm) in size. Other than the door to
the accessible water closet compartment, a door, in
any position, may encroach into this space by not
more than 12 inches (305 mm).

2. Clear floor space at fixtures. Doors shall not swing
into the clear floor space required for any fixture.

3. Accessible water closet. Provide a minimum of one
accessible water closet in compliance with Section
1115B.4.1.

4. Accessible water closet compartment. Accessible
water closet compartments shall comply with the fol-
lowing:

4.1. The compartment shall be a minimum of 60
inches (1524 mm) wide.

4.2. If the compartment has aside-opening door, a
minimum 60-inches-wide (1524 mm) and 60
inches-deep (1524 mm) clear floor space
shall be provided in front of the water closet.

4.3. If the compartment has an end-opening door
(facing the water closet), a minimum
60-inches-wide (1524 mm) and 48-inches-
deep (1219 mm) clear floor space shall be
provided in front of the water closet. The door
shall be located in front of the clear floor
space and diagonal to the water closet, with a
maximum stile width of 4 inches (102 mm).

4.4. The water closet compartment shall be
equipped with a door that has an auto-
matic-closing device, and shall have a clear,
unobstructed opening width of 32 inches (813
mm) when located at the end and 34 inches
(864 mm) when located at the side with the
door positioned at an angle of 90 degrees from
its closed position.

4.5. The inside and outside of the compartment
door shall be equipped with a loop or
U-shaped handle immediately below the
latch. The latch shall be flip-over style, sliding
or other hardware not requiring the user to
grasp or twist. Except for door-opening
widths and door swings, a clear, unobstructed
access of not less than 44 inches (1118 mm)
shall be provided to water closet compart-
ments designed for use by persons with dis-
abilities. Maneuvering space at the
compartment door shall comply with Sections
1133B.2.4.2 and 1133B.2.4.3, except that the
space immediately in front of a water closet
compartment shall not be less than 48 inches
(1219 mm) as measured at right angles to the
compartment door in its closed position.

5. Large toilet rooms. Where six or more compartments
are provided within a multiple-accommodation toilet
room, at least one compartment shall comply with
Items 3 and 4 above, and at least one additional am-
bulatory accessible compartment shall be 36 inches
(914 mm) wide with an outward swinging self-closing
door and parallel grab bars complying with Section
1115B.4.1, Item 3.

6. Interior surfaces. In other than dwelling units, toilet
room floors shall have a smooth, hard, nonabsorbent
surface such as portland cement, concrete, ceramic
tile or other approved material which extends upward
onto the walls at least 5 inches (127 mm). Walls within
water closet compartments and walls within 24 inches
(61 mm) of the front and sides of urinals shall be sim-
ilarly finished to a height of 48 inches (1219 mm) and,
except for structural elements, the materials used in
such walls shall be a type which is not adversely af-
fected by moisture.

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1115B.3.2 Single-accommodation toilet facilities. Sin-
gle-accommodation toilet facilities shall have the follow-
ing:

1. Wheelchair clearance. There shall be sufficient
space in the toilet room for a wheelchair measuring
30 inches (762 mm) wide by 48 inches (1219 mm) long
to enter the room and permit the door to close. There
shall be in the room a clear floor space of at least 60
inches (1524 mm) in diameter, or a T-shaped space
complying with Figure llB-12 (a) and (b). No door
shall encroach into this space for mare than 12 inches
(305 mm). See Figure IIB-IA.

2. Clear floor space at fixtures. Doors shall not swing
into the clear floor space required for any fixture.

3. Accessible water closet. Provide one accessible water
closet in compliance with Section 1115B.4.1.

4. Accessible route. All doors, fixtures and controls
shall be on an accessible route. The minimum clear
width of an accessible route shall be 36 inches (914
mm) except at doors (see Section 1133B.2). If a per-
son in a wheelchair must make a turn around an ob-
struction, the minimum clear width of the accessible
route shall be as shown in Figure 11B-5E. See also
Figure IIB-IA.

5. Interior surfaces. In other than dwelling units, toilet
room floors shall have a smooth, hard, nonabsorbent
surface such as Portland cement, concrete, ceramic
tile or other approved material which extends upward
onto the walls at tcast _• mcties \j.i,i mnij. \vui.is witnin
water closet compartments and walls within 24 inches
(610 mm) of the front and sides of urinals shall be sim-
ilarly finished to a height of 48 inches (1219 mm) and,
except for structural elements, the materials used in
such walls shall be a type which is not adversely af-
fected by moisture.

6. Accessible lavatory. Provide one accessible lavatory
in compliance with Section 1115B.4.3.

7. Privacy latch. The entrance door shall contain a pri-
vacy latch which complies with Section 1117B.6,
Controls and Operating Mechanisms.

For bathrooms serving residential occupancies, see
Section llllB.4.6 and Chapter llA.

Exception: In an existing building, a single-accommo-
dation toilet facility may have the water closet fixture
located in an area which provides a clear space of not
less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide by 48 inches (1219
mm) long in front of the water closet

1115B.4 Accessible fixtures.

1115B.4.1 Accessible water closets. Water closets required
to be accessible shall comply with this subsection:

1. The centerline of the water closet fixture shall be 18
inches (457 mm) from the side wall or partition. On
the other side of the water closet, provide a minimum
of 28 inches (711 mm) wide clear floor space if the
water closet is adjacent to a fixture or a minimum of
32 inches (813 mm) wide clear floor space if the water

closet is adjacent to a wall or partition. This clear
floor space shall extend from the rear wall to the front
of the water closet

2. A minimum 60 inches (1524 mm) wide and 48 inches
(1219 mm) deep clear floor space shall be provided in
front of the water closet.

3. Grab bars for water closets not located within a com-
partment shall comply with Section 1115B.7 and
shall be provided on the side wall closest to the water
closet and on the rear wall. Grab bars for water clos-
ets located within an accessible compartment shall
comply with Section 1115B.7 and shall be provided
on the side wall closest to the water closet and on the
rear wall Grab bars for water closets located within
ambulatory accessible compartments shall comply
with Section 1115B.7 and shall be provided on both
sides of the compartment.

Grab bars shall not project more than 3 inches (76
mm) into the required clear floor space.

3.1. Side wall. The side grab bar shall be 42 inches
(1067 mm) long minimum, located 12 inches
(305 mm) maximumfivm the rear wall and ex-
tend 54 inches (1372 mm) minimum from the
rear wall with the front end positioned 24
inches (610 mm) minimum in front of the wa-
ter closet. The side grab bar shall be securely
attached and centered 33 inches (838 mm)
above and parallel to the floor.

3.2. Rear wall. The rear grab bar shall be 36
inches (914 mm) long minimum and extend
from the centerline of the water closet 12
inches (305 mm) minimum on one side and 24
inches (610 mm) minimum on the other side.
The rear grab bar shall be securely attached
and centered 33 inches (838 mm) above and
parallel to the floor, except that where a
tank-type toilet is used which obstructs place-
ment at 33 inches (838 mm), the grab bar may
be as high as 36 inches (914 mm) and the
space between the grab bar and the top of the
tank shall be 7 Vj inches (38 mm) minimum.

4. The height of accessible water closets shall be a mini-
mum of 17 inches (432 mm) and a maximum of 19
inches (483 mm) measured to the top of a maximum
2-inch (51 mm) high toilet seat

Exception: A 3-inch (76 mm) high seat shall be
permitted only in alterations where the existing flx-
ture is less than 15 inches (381 mm) high.

5. Controls shall be operable with one hand and shall
not require tight grasping, pinching or twisting. Con-
trols for the flush valves shall be mounted on the wide
side of toilet areas, no more than 44 inches (1118 mm)
above the floor. The force required to activate controls
shall be no greater than 5 pounds-force (Ibf) (22.2 N).

6. See Section 1134A.7for additional requirements for
water closets in publicly funded housing and all non-
residential occupancies.

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7. Automatic spring to lifted position seats are not al-
lowed.

1115B.4.2 Accessible urinals. Urinals required to be
accessible shall comply with this subsection.

1. Urinals shall be floor mounted, stall-type or wall
hung. Where one or more wall-hung urinals are pro-
vided, at least one with an elongated rim projecting a
minimum of 14 inches (356 mm) from the wall and a
maximum of 17 inches (432 mm) from the wall and a
maximum of 17 inches (432 mm) above the floor shall
be provided.

2. Flush controls shall be operable with one hand and
shall not require tight grasping, pinching or twisting
of the wrist and shall be mounted no more than 44
inches (1118 mm) above the floor. The force required
to activate controls shall be no greater than 5 lbf(22.2
N). Electronic automatic flushing controls are accept-
able and preferable.

3. Where urinals are provided, at least one shall have a
clear floor space 30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm by
1219 mm) in front of the urinal to allow forward ap-
proach. This clear space shall comply with Section
1118B.4.

1115B.4.3 Accessible lavatories. Lavatories required to be
accessible shall comply with this subsection. The require-
ments of this subsection shall apply to lavatory fixtures,
vanities and built-in lavatories.

1. Faucet controls and operating mechanisms shall be
operable with one hand in accordance with this chap-
ter and shall not require tight grasping, pinching or
twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate
controls shall be no greater than 5 lbf(22.2 N). Le-
ver-operated, push-type and electronically controlled
mechanisms (preferable) are examples of acceptable
designs. Self-closing valves are allowed if the faucet
remains open for at least 10 seconds.

2. Lavatories, when located adjacent to a side wall or
partition, shall be a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm)
to the centerline of the fixture. All lavatories that are
designated to be accessible shall be a minimum 17
inches (432 mm) in horizontal depth and mounted
with the rim or counter edge no higher than 34 inches
(864 mm) above the finished floor and with vertical
clearance measured from the bottom of the apron or
the outside bottom edge of the lavatory of 29 inches
(737 mm) reducing to 27 inches (686 mm) at a point
located 8 inches (203 mm) back from the front edge. In
addition, a minimum 9-inch-high (230 mm) toe clear-
ance must be provided extending back toward the wall
to a distance no more than 6 inches (150 mm) from the
back wall. The toe clearance space must be free of
equipment or obstructions.

3. A clearfloor space 30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm by
1219 mm) complying with Section 1118B.4 shall be
provided in front of a lavatory to allow forward ap-,
proach. Such clear floor space shall adjoin or overlap
an accessible route and shall extend a maximum of 19

inches (483 mm) into knee and toe space underneath
the lavatory. See Figure IIB-ID, Knee Clearance.

4. Hot water and drainpipes accessible under lavatories
shall be insulated or otherwise covered. There shall
be no sharp or abrasive surfaces under lavatories.

1115B.4.4 Accessible showers. Showers required to be
accessible shall comply with this subsection:

1115B.4.4.1 Size and clearances. Accessible showers
shall comply with one of the following:

1. Roll-in shower 60 inches (1524 mm) minimum in
width between wall surfaces and 30 inches (762
mm) minimum in depth with a full opening width
on the long side. Shower compartment size and
clear floor space shall comply with Figure
11B-2A.

2. Alternate roll-in shower 60 inches (1524 mm) rriin-
imum in width between wall surfaces and 36
inches (914 mm) in depth with an entrance open-
ing width of 36 inches (914 mm) minimum. Shower
compartment size and clearfloor space shall com-
ply with Figure 11B-2B.

3. Alternate roll-in shower 60 inches (1524 mm) min-
imum in width between wall surfaces and 36
inches (914 mm) minimum in depth as long as the
entrance opening width is a minimum 36 inches
(914 mm). Shower compartment size and clear
floor space shall comply with Figure 11B-2C.

1115B.4.4.2 Thresholds. Thresholds in roll-in type
showers shall be Vj inch (12.7 mm) high maximum and
shall comply with Section 1124B.2.

1115B.4.4.3 Orientation. Where, within the same func-
tional area, two or more accessible showers are pro-
vided, there shall be at least one shower constructed
opposite hand from the other or others (that is, one
left-hand controls versus right-hand controls).

1115B.4.4.4 Water controls. Water controls shall be of a
single-lever design, operable with one hand, and shall
not require tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the
wrist. The force required to activate controls shall be no
greater than 5 lbf(22.2N). The centerline of the controls
shall be located at 40 inches (1016 mm) above the
showerfloor

1. Controls in a 60-inch (1524 mm) minimum by
30-inch (762 mm) minimum roll-in shower shall be
located on the back wall of the compartment adja-
cent to the seat and the centerline of the controls
shall be within a range of no less than 19 inches
(457 mm) and no more than 27 inches (610 mm)
from the seat wall as shown in Figure 11B-2A.

2. Controls in a 60-inch (1524 mm) minimum by
36-inch (914 mm) alternate roll-in shower shall be
located on the side wall of the compartment adja-
cent to the seat and the centerline of the controls
shall be within a range of no less than 19 inches

■ (457 mm) and no more than 27 inches (610 mm)
from the seat wall as shown in Figure 11B-2B.

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3. Controls in a 60-inch (1524 mm) minimum by
36-inch (914 mm) minimum alternate roll-in
shower with optional enclosure shall be located on
the back wall of the compartment adjacent to the
seat and the centerline of the controls shall be
within a range of no less than 19 inches (457 mm)
and no more than 27 inches (610 mm) from the seat
wall as shown in Figure 11B-2C.

1115B.4.4.5 Hand-held sprayer unit. A flexible
hand-held sprayer unit with a hose at least 60 inches
(1524 mm) long that can be used both as a fixed shower
head and as a hand-held shower shall be provided. This
unit shall be mounted such that the top of the mounting
bracket is at a maximum height of 48 inches (1219 mm)
above the shower floor.

1. The hand-held sprayer unit in a 60-inch (1524
mm) minimum by 30-inch (762 mm) minimum
roll-in shower shall be located on the back wall of
the compartment adjacent to the seat and the cen-
terline of the unit shall be no more than 27 inches
(610 mm) from the seat wall as shown in Figure
11B-2A.

2. The hand-held sprayer unit in a 60-inch (1524
mm) minimum by 36-inch (914 mm) alternate
roll-in shower shall be located on the side wall of
the compartment adjacent to the seat and the cen-
terline of the unit shall be 18 inches (457 mm) from
the seat wall as shown in Figure 11B-2B.

? T/i/

--.nd-hcld sprayer unit in a ww-uicii \x^x*^

mm) minimum by 36-inch (914 mm) minimum al-
ternate roll-in shower with optional enclosure
shall be located on the back wall of the compart-
ment adjacent to the seat and the centerline of the
unit shall be no more than 27 inches (610 mm) from
the seat wall as shown in Figure 11B-2C.

1115B.4.4.6 Sprayer unit alternative. Except within
guest rooms and suites in hotels, motels and similar tran-
sient lodging establishments, where accessible shower
facilities are provided in areas subject to excessive van-
dalism, in lieu of providing the fixed flexible hose, two
wall-mounted shower heads shall be installed. Each
shower head shall be installed so that it can be operated
independently of the other and shall have swivel angle
adjustments, both vertically and horizontally. One
shower head shall be located at a height of 48 inches
(1219 mm) above the floor.

1115B.4.4.7 Floor slope. The maximum slope of the
floor shall be 2 percent in any direction. Where drains
are provided, grate openings shall be a maximum of^/4
inch (6.4 mm) and locatedflush with the floor surface.

1115B.4.4.8 Shower accessories. Shower accessories
shall include:

1. A folding seat mounted 18 inches (457 mm) above
the floor, and with a minimum space ofl inch (25
mm) and maximum space ofl Vj inches (38 mm) al-
lowed between the edge of the seat and any wall.
When folded, the seat shall not extend more than 6

inches (152 mm) from the mounting wall. The seat
dimensions and mounting position shall comply
with Figures 11B-2A, 11B-2B, 11B-2C and
11B-2D. The structural strength of seats and their
attachments shall comply with Section 1115B. 7.2.

2. Grab bars located on walls adjacent to and oppo-
site the seat. Grab bars shall also comply with the
diameter, loading and projection requirements of
Section 1115B.7. Grab bars shall be mounted be-
tween a minimum of 33 inches (838 mm) and a
maximum of 36 inches (914 mm) above the shower
floor with an L-shaped grab bar mounted on walls
opposite and adjacent to the front edge of the seat,
but not extended to include that portion of wall
over the seat. See Figure 11B-2A or 11B-2B.

1115B.4.4.9 Soap dish. When a soap dish is provided, it
shall be located on the control wall at a maximum height
of 40 inches (1016 mm) above the shower floor, and
within reach limits from the seat.

1115B.4.4.10 Enclosures. Enclosures, when provided
for shower compartments, shall not obstruct controls or
obstruct transfer from wheelchairs onto shower seats.

See Figures 11B-2A, 11B-2B, 11B-2C and 11B-2D.

1115B.4.5 Accessible bathtubs. Bathtubs required to be
accessible shall comply with this subsection.

1. Floor space. Clear floor space at bathtubs shall be as
shown in Figure llB-8.

2. Seat. An in-tub seat or a seat at the head end of the tub
shall be provided as shown in Figures llB-8 and
llB-9. The structural strength of seats and their at-
tachments shall comply with Section 1115B. 7.2. Seats
shall be mounted securely and shall not slip during
use.

3. Grab bars. Grab bars complying with Section
1115B.7 shall be provided as shown in Figure 1 lB-9.

4. Controls. Faucets and other controls shall be located
as shown in Figure llB-9. They shall be operable
with one hand and shall not require tight grasping,
pinching or twisting of the wrist The force required to
activate controls shall be no greater than 5 lbf(22.2
N).

5. Shower unit. A shower spray unit with a hose at least
60 inches (1524 mm) long that can be used both as a
fixed shower head and as a hand-held shower shall be
provided.

6. Bathtub enclosures. If provided, enclosures for bath-
tubs shall not obstruct controls or transfer from
wheelchairs onto bathtub seats or into tubs. Enclo-
sures on bathtubs shall not have tracks mounted on
their rims.

1115B.4.6 Accessible drinking fountains. Where drinking
fountains are provided, they shall comply with this section:

1. General. Where only one drinking fountain area is
provided on a floor, there shall be a drinking fountain
that is accessible to individuals who use wheelchairs
in accordance with this section and one accessible to

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those who have difficulty bending or stooping. This
can be accommodated by the use of "hi-low" foun-
tains, or by such other means as would achieve the re-
quired accessibility for each group on each floor.

Where more than one drinking fountain is provided
on a floor, 50 percent of those provided shall comply
with Items 1, 2, 4 and 5 of this section and shall be on
an accessible route complying with Section
1114B.1.2. All drinking fountains shall comply with
Item 3 of this section.

2. Clearances. Wall- and post-mounted cantilevered
drinking fountains shall be a minimum of 18 inches
(457 mm) and a maximum of 19 inches (483 mm) in
depth and shall have a clear knee space between the
bottom of the apron and the floor or ground not less
than 27 inches (686 mm) in height, 30 inches (762
mm) in width, and 8 inches (203 mm) in depth, the
depth measurements being taken from the front edge
of the fountain back toward the wall or mounting post.
The knee clearance space must be free of equipment
or obstructions. Additionally, there shall be toe clear-
ance of 9 inches (229 mm) in height above the floor
and 1 7 inches (432 mm) in depth from the front edge of
the fountain. The toe clearance space must be free of
equipment or obstructions. A clear floor space at
least 30 inches (762 mm) by 48 inches (1219 mm)
complying with Section 1118B.4 shall be provided in
front of the drinking fountain to allow forward ap-
proach. A side approach drinking fountain is not ac-
ceptable.

3. Alcoves. All drinking fountains shall be located com-
pletely within alcoves or otherwise positioned so as
not to encroach into pedestrian ways. The alcove in
which the drinking fountain is located shall not be less
than 32 inches (813 mm) in width and 18 inches (457
mm) in depth. See Figure llB-3 of this code. Addi-
tionally, alcoves shall comply with Section 1118B.4,
Item 2. Protruding objects located in alcoves or oth-
erwise positioned so as to limit encroachment into pe-
destrian ways are permitted to project 4 inches (102
mm) into walks, halls, corridors, passageways or
aisles.

Exception: When the enforcing agency determines
that it would create an unreasonable hardship to
locate the drinking fountain in an alcove, the
drinking fountain may project into the path of
travel, and the path of travel shall be identifiable to
the blind as follows. Wing walls shall be provided
on each side of the drinking fountain. The wing
walls shall project out from the supporting wall at
least as far as the drinking fountain to within 6
inches (152 mm) of the surface of the path of travel.
There shall also be a minimum of 32 inches (813
mm) clear between the wing walls. Additionally,
maneuvering clearances shall comply with Sec-
tion 1118B.4, Item 2. The drinking fountain and
wing walls shall comply with Section 1133B.8.6.

4. The bubbler shall be activated by a manually oper-
ated system complying with Section 1117B.6, Item 4

that is front mounted or side mounted and located
within 6 inches (152 mm) of the front edge of the foun-
tain or an electronically controlled device (prefera-
bly). The bubbler outlet orifice shall be located within
6 inches (152 mm) of the front edge of the drinking
fountain and within 36 inches (914 mm) of the floor
The water stream from the bubbler shall be substan-
tially parallel to the front edge of the drinking foun-
tain.

5. The spout shall provide a flow of water at least 4
inches (102 mm) high so as to allow the insertion of a
cup or glass under the flow of water On an accessible
drinking fountain with a round or oval bowl, the spout
must be positioned so the flow of water is within 3
inches (75 mm) of the front edge of the fountain.

1115B.4.7 Accessible sinks.

1. Accessible kitchen sinks. A clear floor space at least
30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) comply-
ing with Section 1118B.4 shall be provided in front of
a sink to allow forward approach. The clear floor
space shall be on an accessible route and shall extend
a maximum of 19 inches (485 mm) underneath the
sink (see Figure IIB-ID).

Each accessible sink shall be a maximum of dVj
inches (165 mm) deep. Sinks shall be mounted with
the counter or rim no higher than 34 inches (865 mm)
above the finish floor. Knee clearance that is at least
27 inches (685 mm) high, 30 inches (762 mm) wide
and 19 inches (485 mm) deep shall be provided un-
derneath sinks. Hot water and drain pipes exposed
under sinks shall be insulated or otherwise config-
ured so as to protect against contact. There shall be no
sharp or abrasive surfaces under sinks.

Faucet controls and operating mechanisms shall
be operable with one hand and shall not require tight
grasping, pinching or twisting of the wrist. The force
required to activate controls shall be not greater than
5 Ibf (22.2 N). Lever-operated, push-type and elec-
tronically controlled mechanisms are examples of ac-
ceptable designs. Self-closing valves are allowed if
the faucet remains open for at least 10 seconds.

2. Noncommercial kitchen and counter bar sinks. A

clear floor space at least 30 inches by 48 inches (762
mm by 1219 mm) complying with Section 1118B.4
shall be provided in front of a sink to allow forward
approach. The clear floor space shall be on an acces-
sible route and shall extend a maximum of 19 inches
(485 mm) underneath the sink (see Figure IIB-ID).

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Kitchen and counter bar sinks located in common
use areas shall have faucet controls and operating
mechanisms operable with one hand in accordance
with this chapter and shall not require tight grasping,
pinching or twisting of the wrist. The force required to
activate controls shall be no greater than 5 lbf(22.2
N). Lever-operated, push-type and electronically
controlled mechanisms are examples of acceptable
designs.

1115B.5 Passageways. Passageways leading to sanitary facili-
ties shall have a clear access. All doorways leading to such
sanitary facilities shall comply with Section 1133B.2, Doors.
Doors shall not swing into the clear floor space required for
any fixture. Accessible fixtures and controls shall be on an
accessible route.

1115B.6 Identification symbols. Doorways leading to men's
sanitary facilities shall be identified by an equilateral triangle,
V^ inch (6.4 mm) thick with edges 12 inches (305 mm) long and
a vertex pointing upward. Women's sanitary facilities shall be
identified by a circle, % inch (6.4 mm) thick and 12 inches (305
mm) in diameter. Unisex sanitary facilities shall be identified
by a circle, % inch (6.4 mm) thick, 12 inches (305 mm) in diam-
eter with a '/4 inch (6.4 mm) thick triangle superimposed on the
circle and within the 12-inch (305 mm) diameter. These geo-
metric symbols shall be centered on the door at a height of 60
inches (1524 mm) and their color and contrast shall be dis-
tinctly dijferentfrom the color and contrast of the door. See also
Section 1117B.5.1, Item 1 for additional signage requirements
applicable to sanitary facilities.

1115B.7 Grab bars, tub and shower seats. All grab bars, tub
and shower seats shall comply with this section.

1115B. 7.1 Diameter or width. The diameter or width of the
gripping surfaces of a grab bar shall be PA inches to IV2
inches (32 mm to 38 mm) or the shape shall provide an
equivalent gripping surface. If grab bars are mounted adja-
cent to a wall, the space between the wall and the grab bars
shall be V/2 inches (38 mm). See Figure IIB-IC.

1115B.7.2 Structural strength. The structural strength of
grab bars, tub and shower seats, fasteners and mounting
devices shall meet the following specifications:

2. Shear stress induced in a grab bar or seat by the ap-
plication of a 250-pound (1112 N) point load shall be
less than the allowable shear stress for the material of
the grab bar or seat, and its mounting bracket or other
support is considered to be fully restrained, then di-
rect and torsional shear stresses shall not exceed the
allowable shear stress.

5. Grab bars shall not rotate within their fittings.

1115B.7.3 Surface. A grab bar and any wall or other sur-
face adjacent to it shall be free of any sharp or abrasive ele-
ments. Edges shall have a minimum radius of'/s inch (3.2
mm).

1115B.8 Accessories.

1115B.8.1 Mirrors. Mirrors shall be mounted with the bot-
tom edge of the refiecting surface no higher than 40 inches
(1016 mm) from the floor.

1115B.8.2 Medicine cabinets. If medicine cabinets are pro-
vided, at least one shall be located with a usable shelf no
higher than 44 inches (1118 mm) above the floor. A clear
floor space 30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm)
complying with Section 1118B.4 shall be provided in front
of a medicine cabinet to allow a forward or parallel
approach.

1115B.8.3 Towel, sanitary napkins, waste receptacles, dis-
pensers and controls. Where towel, sanitary napkins, waste
receptacles, dispensers, other equipment and controls are
provided, at least one of each type shall be located on an
accessible route, with all operable parts, including coin
slots, within 40 inches (1016 mm) from the finished floor
and shall comply with Section 1117B.6, Controls and Oper-
ating Mechanisms.

1115B.8.4 Toilet tissue dispensers. Toilet tissue dispensers
shall be located on the wall within 12 inches (305 mm) of the
front edge of the toilet seat, mounted below the grab bar, at a
minimum height of 19 inches (485 mm), and 36 inches (914
mm) maximum to the far edge from the rear wall. Dispens-
ers that control delivery or that do not permit continuous
paper flow shall not be used. See Figure IIB-IA.

1115B.8.5 Lockers. Where lockers are provided for the pub-
lic, clients, employees, members or participants, at least
one locker and not less than 1 percent of all lockers shall be
made accessible to persons with disabilities. A path of travel
not less than 36 inches (914 mm) in clear width shall be pro-
vided to these lockers.

SECTION 111 6B

ELEVATORS AND SPECIAL ACCESS

(WHEELCHAIR) LIFTS

1116B.1 Elevators. Passenger elevators shall be accessible.
Elevators required to be accessible shall be designed and con-
structed to comply with this section and with ASME A17.1,
Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators.

1116B.1.1 General. Size of cab and control locations and
requirements for accommodation of persons with disabili-
ties.

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In buildings two or more stories in height, served by an
elevator, or a building served by an elevator required by
Chapter IIB, or a building served by an elevator required
for accessibility by Section 109.1, if more than one passen-
ger elevator is provided, each full passenger elevator shall
comply with this chapter

Exceptions:

1. In existing buildings, when the enforcing agency
determines that compliance with any regulation
under this section would create an unreasonable
hardship, an exception to such regulation shall be
granted when equivalent facilitation is provided.

2. In existing buildings, where existing shaft configu-
ration or technical infeasibility prohibits strict
compliance with Section 1116B.1.8, the minimum
car plan dimensions may be reduced by the mini-
mum amount necessary, but in no case shall the in-
side car area be smaller than 48 inches (1219 mm)
by 48 inches (1219 mm).

3. In existing buildings, equivalent facilitation may
be provided with an elevator car of different di-
mensions where it can be demonstrated that a per-
son using a wheelchair can enter and operate the
elevator and when all other elements required to
be accessible comply with the applicable provi-
sions of Section 1116B.

4. These provisions shall not apply to existing build-
ings when legal or physical constraints will not al-
low compliance with these regulations or
equivalent facilitation without creating an unrea-
sonable hardship. See Section 109.1.

1116B.1.2 Operation and leveling. The elevator shall be
automatic and provided with a self-leveling feature that will
automatically bring the car to the floor landings within a
tolerance of plus or minus V2 inch (12. 7 mm) under normal
loading and unloading conditions. This self-leveling shall,
within its zone, be entirely automatic and independent of the
operating device and shall correct the overtravel or
undertravel. The car shall also be maintained approxi-
mately level with the landing, irrespective of load.

The clearance between the car platform sill and the edge
of the hoistway landing shall be no greater than V/4 inches
(32 mm).

1116B.1.3 Door operation. Power-operated horizontally
sliding car and hoistway doors opened and closed by auto-

Mr olinll Pt/3 T-i-v/^-\}i n a /■{

matic means shall be provided.

1116B.1.4 Door size. Minimum clear width for elevator
doors shall be 36 inches (914 mm).

1116B.1.5 Door protective and reopening device. Doors
closed by automatic means shall be provided with a
door-reopening device that will function to stop and reopen
a car door and adjacent hoistway door in case the car door
is obstructed while closing.

This reopening device shall also be capable of sensing an
object or person in the path of a closing door without requir-

ing contact for activation at a nominal 5 inches and 29
inches (127 mm and 737 mm) above the floor.

Door-reopening devices shall remain effective for a
period of not less than 20 seconds.

After such an interval, the doors may close in accordance
with the requirements ofASMEAU.l.

1116B.1.6 Hall call. The minimum acceptable time from
notification that a car is answering a call (lantern and audi-
ble signal) until the doors of the car start to close shall be
calculated by the following equation:

T = D/ (1.5ft/s) orT=D/ (455 mm/s)

Where Tis the total time in seconds andD is the distance
from a point in the lobby or landing area 60 inches (1524
mm) directly in front of the farthest call button controlling
that car to the centerline of its hoistway door (see Figure
11B-40D). For cars with in-car lanterns, T begins when the
lantern is visible from the vicinity of hall call buttons and an
audible signal is sounded. The minimum acceptable notifi-
cation time shall be 5 seconds.

1116B.1.7 Car call. The minimum acceptable time for
doors to remain fully open shall not be less than 5 seconds.

1116B.1.8 Car inside. The car inside shall allow for the
turning of a wheelchair. The minimum clear distance
between walls or between wall and door, excluding return
panels, shall not be less than 80 inches by 54 inches (2032
mm by 1372 mm) for center opening doors, and 68 inches by
54 inches (1727 mm by 1372 mm) for side-slide opening
doors. See Figure 11B-40A. Minimum distance from wall to
return panel shall not be less than 51 inches (1295 mm).

The centerline of elevator floor buttons shall be no higher
than 54 inches (1372 mm) above the finish floor for side
approach and 48 inches (1219 mm) for front approach.
Emergency controls, including the emergency stop and
alarm, shall be grouped in or adjacent to the bottom of the
panel and shall be no lower than 2 feet 11 inches (889 mm)
from the floor

. For multiple controls only, one set must comply with these
height requirements. Floor buttons shall be provided with
visual indicators to show when each call is registered. The
visual indicators shall be extinguished when each call is
answered.

Emergency two-way communication systems between the
elevator and a point outside the hoistway shall comply with
ASME A17.1. The emergency telephone handset shall be
positioned no higher than 4 feet (1219 mm) above the floor,
and the handset cord shall be a minimum of 2 feet 5 inches
(737 mm) in length. It shall be identified by a raised tele-
phone symbol and corresponding Braille lettering comply-
ing with Section 1 1 17B. 5.1 , Iteml, and located adjacent to
the device. If the telephone system is located in a closed
compartment, the compartment door hardware shall be
lever type conforming to the provisions of Section 1008.1.8,
Type of Lock or Latch. Emergency intercommunication .
shall not require voice communication.

Where possible, a 48-inch (1219 mm) maximum height
for elevator floor buttons is preferred.

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445

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Controls shall be located on a front wall if cars have cen-
ter opening doors, and at the side wall or at the front wall
next to the door if cars have side opening doors. See Figure
11B-40A.

1116B.1.9 Car controls. Identification for the visually
impaired shall be as follows:

Passenger elevator car controls shall have a minimum
dimension of^/4 inch (19.1 mm) and shall be raised %
inch (3.2 mm) plus or minus V32 inch (0.8 mm) above the
surrounding surface.

Control buttons shall be illuminated, shall have
square shoulders and shall be activated by a mechanical
motion that is detectable.

All control buttons shall be designated by ^/g inch (15. 9
mm) minimum raised characters and standard raised
symbols that conform to Sections 1117B.5.2, 1117B.5.3,
1117B.5.5 and 1117B.5.7 immediately to the left of the
control button. Grade 2 Braille that conforms to Section
1117B.5.6 shall be located immediately below the char-
acter or symbol. A minimum clear space ofVg inch (9.5
mm) or other suitable means of separation shall be pro-
vided between rows of control buttons. See Figure
11B-40B.

The raised characters and symbols shall be white on a
black background.

Controls and emergency equipment identified by
raised symbols shall include, but not be limited to, "door

"/i/mf f^lnoo '

ninwvt

h-,11 •

and "telephone." The call button for the main entry floor
shall be designated by a raised star at the left of the floor
designation.

In elevator cars, a visual car position indicator shall be
provided above the car control panel or over the door to
show the position of the elevator in the hoistway. As the car
passes or stops at a floor served by the elevators, the corre-
sponding numerals shall illuminate, and an audible signal
shall sound. Numerals shall be a minimum ofVz inch (13
mm) high. The audible signal shall be no less than 20 deci-
bels with a frequency no higher than 1,500 Hz. An auto-
matic verbal announcement of the floor number at which a
car stops or which a car passes may be substituted for the
audible signal.

1116B.1.10 Hall call buttons. The centerline of the hall call
buttons shall be 42 inches (1067 mm) above the floor. But-
tons shall be a minimum of% inch (19.1 mm) in size and
shall be raised Vg inch (3.2 mm) [plus or minus Vjj inch (0.8
mm)] above the surrounding surface. The button designat-
ing the up direction shall be on top. Visual indication shall
be provided to show each call registered and extinguished
when answered. Objects adjacent to, and below, hall call
buttons shall not project more than 4 inches (102 mm) from
the wall. Hall call buttons shall be internally illuminated
with a white light over the entire surface of the button.

1116B.1.11 Handrails. A handrail shall be provided on one
wall of the car, preferably the rear. The rails shall be smooth,
and the inside surface at least V/2 inches (38 mm) clear of
the walls at a nominal height of 32 inches (813 mm) from the

floor. Nominal equals ± 1 inch (25 mm). Thirty-two inches
(813 mm) is required to reduce interference with car con-
trols where the lowest button is centered at 35 inches (889
mm) above floor.

1II6B.1.12 Minimum illumination. The minimum illumi-
nation at the car controls threshold and the landing when
the car and landing doors are open shall not be less than 5
foot-candles (54 lux).

1116B.1.13 Hall lantern. A visual and audible signal shall
be provided at each hoistway entrance indicating to the pro-
spective passenger the car answering the call and its direc-
tion of travel as follows:

The visual signal for each direction shall be a mini-
mum of 2^/2 inches (64 mm) high by 2V2 inches (64 mm)
wide and visible from the proximity of the hall call but-
ton.

The audible signal shall sound once for the "up"
direction and twice for the "down" direction or shall
have verbal annunciators that say "up" or "down."

The centerline of the fixture shall be located a mini-
mum of 6 feet (1829 mm) in height from the lobby floor

The Use of in-car lanterns, located in or on the car
doorjambs, visible from the proximity of the hall call but-
tons and conforming to the above requirements, shall or
will be acceptable.

The use of arrow shapes is preferred for visible sig-
nals.

1116B.1.14 Doorjamb marking. Passenger elevator land-
ing jambs on all elevator floors shall have the number of the
floor on which the jamb is located designated by raised
characters that are a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm) in height
and conform to Section 1117B.5.5 and Grade 2 Braille that
conforms to Section 1117B.5.6 located 60 inches (1524
mm) on center above the floor on the jamb panels on both
sides of the door so that they are visible from within the ele-
vator. On the grade level, a raised five-pointed star shall be
placed to the left of the raised character. The outside diame-
ter of the star shall be 2 inches (51 mm). Braille shall be
placed below the corresponding raised characters.

The raised characters shall otherwise comply with Sec-
tions 1117B.5.3, 1117B.5.4 and 1117B.5.2. See Figure
11B-40C. Permanently applied plates are acceptable if they
are permanently fixed to the jambs.

1116B.1.15 Location. Passenger elevators shall be on an
accessible route, located near a major path of travel, and
provisions shall be made to ensure that they remain accessi-
ble and usable at all times the building is occupied.

1116B.2 Special access (wheelchair) lifts. Special access
(wheelchair) lifts may be provided between levels in lieu of pas-
senger elevators when the vertical distance between landings,
as well as the structural design and safeguards, are as allowed
by ASME A18. 1, Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stair-
way Chair Lifts; the State of California, Division of the State
Architect— Access Compliance; the Department of Industrial
Relations, Division of Occupational Safety and Health and any

446

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applicable safety regulations of other administrative authori-
ties having jurisdiction.

If lifts are provided, they shall be designed and constructed to
facilitate unassisted entry, operation and exit from the lift and
shall comply with the restrictions and enhancements of this
section in conjunction with Title 8 of the California Code of
Regulations.

Additionally, lifts may be provided as part of an accessible
route only for the following conditions:

1116B.2.1 To provide an accessible route to a performing
area in an assembly occupancy, or to a speaking area or
similar place (such as a dais or "head table") in an assem-
bly or Group B occupancy.

1116B.2.2 To comply with the wheelchair viewing position
line-of-sight and dispersion requirements of Section
1104B.3.5.

1116B.2.3 To provide access to incidental occupiable
spaces and rooms which are not open to the general public
and which house no more than five persons, including, but
not limited to, equipment control rooms and projection
booths.

1116B.2.4 To provide access where existing site constraints
or other constraints make use of a ramp or an elevator
infeasible.

1116B.2.4.1 Landing size. In new construction, the min-
imum size of landings specified in this section shall be 60
inches by 60 inches (1524 mm by 1524 mm). Other
dimensions may be substituted where it can be demon-
strated that a person using a wheelchair measuring 30
inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) can enter and
operate the lift safely.

1116B.2.4.2 Relationship to the path of travel. Level
and clear floor areas or landings as specified in this sec-
tion shall be part of "path of travel" requirements.

Exceptions:

1. The provisions of this section shall not apply to exist-
ing buildings when physical constraints will not allow
compliance with these regulations or equivalentfacil-
itation without creating an unreasonable hardship.
See Section 109.1.

2. When the enforcing agency determines that compli-
ance with any regulation under this section would
create an unreasonable hardship, an exception to
such regulation shall be granted when equivalent fa-
cilitation is provided.

3. The installation of lifts as part of an accessible route
for additions or alterations is not limited to the four
conditions required by Section 1116B.2.

1116B.3 When provided as a means of egress. Special access
(wheelchair) lifts, when provided as a component in an acces-
sible means of egress, shall conform to the requirements of Sec-
tion 1116B.3.

1116B.3.1 Standby power. To ensure continued operation
in case of primary power loss, special access (wheelchair)
lifts shall be provided with standby power or with

self-rechargeable battery power that provides sufficient
power to operate all platform lift functions for a minimum of
five upward and downward trips.

1116B.3.2 Special access (wheelchair) lifts, when provided
per Section 1I16B.2.2, are permitted to be a component of
an accessible means of egress when the area served by the
special access lift does not serve more than four wheelchair
viewing positions and where any one of the following condi-
tions exist:

1. The building has a supervised automatic sprinkler
system.

2. The maximum distance from the point where the
wheelchair occupant is seated to a point where the oc-
cupant has a choice of two directions of travel to an
exit shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm). The length of
the path of travel shall include the vertical travel dis-
tance of the lift.

1116B.4 Doors and gates. Lifts shall have low energy
power-operated doors or gates. Doors and gates shall remain
open for 20 seconds minimum. End doors shall be 32 inches
(813 mm) minimum clear width. Side doors shall be 42 inches
(1067 mm) minimum clear width.

Exception: Lifts having doors or gates on opposite sides
shall be permitted to have manual doors or gates.

SECTION 1117B
OTHER BUILDING COMPONENTS

1117B.1 Water fountains (drinking). See Section 1115B.4.6.

1117B.2 Telephones.

1117B.2.1 General Ifpublicpay telephones, public closed-
circuit telephones or other public telephones are provided,
they shall comply with this section to the extent required by
the following table. See Figure llB-4.

Number of each type of telephone
provided on each floor

Minimum number of telephones
required to comply with Section
1117B.2'

I or more single units

1 or at least 50 percent of
telephone unit(s) per floor

1 telephone bank

1 or at least 50 percent of
telephone unit(s) per bank

2 or more banks

1 or at least 50 percent of
telephone umt(s) per bank
At least 1 telephone per floor shall
meet the requirements for a
forward reach telephone.

'Additional public telephones may be installed at any height.

1117B.2.2 Clear floor or ground space. A clear floor or
ground space at least 30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm by
1219 mm) that allows either a forward or parallel approach
by a person using a wheelchair shall be provided at tele-
phones.

1117B.2.3 Size and approach. The minimum clear floor or
ground space required to accommodate a single, stationary
wheelchair and occupant is 30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm
by 1219 mm). The minimum clear floor or ground space for

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wheelchairs may be positioned for forward or parallel
approach to an object. Clear floor or ground space for
wheelchairs may be part of the knee space required under
some objects. See Figure 11B-5A.

1117B.2.4 Relationship of maneuvering clearances to
wheelchair spaces. One full unobstructed side of the clear
floor or ground space for a wheelchair shall adjoin another
wheelchair clear floor space. If a clear floor space is
located in an alcove or otherwise confined on all or part of .
three sides, additional maneuvering clearances shall be
provided. See Figure 11B-5A.

1117B.2.5 Floor surfaces of wheelchair spaces. Floor sur-
faces of wheelchair spaces shall conform to Section 1124B.
Bases, enclosures and fixed seats shall not impede
approaches to telephones by people who use wheelchairs.

1117B.2.6 Mounting height. The highest operable part of
the telephone shall be within the reach ranges specified in
Sections 1118B.5 andlll8B.6. Telephones mounted diago-
nally in a corner that require wheelchair users to reach
diagonally shall have the highest operable part no higher
than 54 inches (1372 mm) above the floor. See Figure llB-4.

1117B.2.7 Enclosures. If telephone enclosures are pro-
vided, they may overhang the clear floor space required in
Sections 1117B.2.2, 1117B.2.3 and 1I17B.2.4 within the
following limits:

1. Side reach possible. Where a parallel approach is
provided at a telephone within an enclosure, the en-
closure and counter may extend beyond the face of the
telephone a maximum of 10 inches (254 mm). The en-
closure and counter may not overlap the required
clear floor or ground space. See Figure llB-4.

2. Full-height enclosures. Entrances to full-height en-
closures shall be 30 inches (762 mm) minimum. See
Figure llB-4.

3. Forward reach required. Where a front approach is
provided at a telephone within an enclosure, the coun-
ter may extend beyond the face of the telephone a
maximum of 20 inches (508 mm) into the required
clear floor or ground space and the enclosure may ex-
tend beyond the face of the telephone a maximum of
24 inches (610 mm). If an additional 6 inches (152
mm) in width of clear floor space is provided, creating
a clear floor space of 36 inches by 48 inches (914 mm
by 1219 mm), the enclosure may extend more than 24
inches (610 mm) beyond the face of the telephone. See
Figure llB-4.

4. Protruding telephone enclosures. Where telephone
enclosures protrude into walks, halls, corridors or
aisles, they shall also comply with Section 1133B.8.6.

1117B.2.8 Telephone equipment for hearing impaired
persons. Telephones shall be equipped with a receiver that
generates a magnetic field in the area of the receiver cap. If
banks of public telephones are provided, at least one in each
bank and a total of at least 25 percent of the total number of
public telephones, including closed-circuit telephones in a
building or facility, shall be equipped with a volume control.
Such telephones shall be capable of a minimum of 12 dBA

and a maximum of 18 dBA above normal. If an automatic
reset is provided, 18 dBA may be exceeded. Public tele-
phones with volume control shall be hearing aid compatible
and shall be identified by a sign containing a depiction of a
telephone handset with radiating sound waves.

1117B.2.9 Text telephones.

1117B.2.9.1 Where required.

1. If a total of four or more public pay telephones (in-
cluding both interior and exterior phones) arepro-
videdata site, and if at least one of the total is in an
interior location, then at least one interior public
text telephone shall be provided.

2. If an interior public pay telephone is provided in a
stadium or arena, in a convention center, in a hotel
with a convention center or in a covered mall, at
least one interior public text telephone shall be
provided in the facility.

3. If a public pay telephone is located in or adjacent
to a hospital emergency room, hospital recovery
room or hospital waiting room, one public text
telephone shall be provided at each location.

1117B.2.9.2 General. Text telephones shall comply with
the following requirements:

1 . Text telephones used with a pay telephone shall be
permanently afiixed within or adjacent to the tele-
phone enclosure. If an acoustic coupler is used, the
telephone cord shall be sufficiently long to allow
connection of the text telephone and the telephone
receiver.

2. Where a bank of telephones in the interior of a
building consists of three or more public pay tele-
phones, at least one public pay telephone in each
such bank shall be equipped with a shelf and an
electrical outlet within or adjacent to the tele-
phone enclosure. The telephone handset shall be
capable of being placed flush on the surface of the
shelf. The shelf shall be capable of accommodat-
ing a text telephone and shall have 6 inches (152
mm) minimum vertical clearance in the area where
the text telephone is to be placed.

3. Equivalent facilitation may be substituted for the
requirements of this section. For example, a porta-
ble text telephone may be made available in a hotel
at a registration desk if it is available on a 24-hour
basis for use with nearby public pay phones. In this
instance, at least onepayphnne shall comply with
Item 2 above. In addition, if an acoustic coupler is
used, the telephone handset cord shall be suffi-
ciently long to allow connection of the text tele-
phone and the telephone receiver. Directional
signage shall comply with Section 1117B.5.

1117B.2.9.3 Signage. Text telephones shall be identified
by the international TTY symbol (see Figure 11B-14A). If
a facility has a public text telephone, directional signage
indicating the location of the nearest such telephone
shall be placed adjacent to all banks of telephones that

448

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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do not contain a text telephone. Such directional signage
shall include the international TTY symbol. If a facility
has no banks of telephones, the directional signage shall
be provided at the entrance or in a building directory.

1117B.2.10 Controls. Telephones shall have push-button
controls where service for such equipment is available.

1117B.2.11 Cordlength. The cordfrom the telephone to the
handset shall be at least 29 inches (737 mm) long.

1117B.2.12 Telephone books. If telephone books are pro-
vided, they shall be located in a position that complies with
the reach ranges in Sections I118B.5 and II18B.6.

1117B.3 Kitchens. See Section 1I33A.

1117B.4 Swimming pools. See Section 1104B.4.3.

1117B.5 Signs and identification. California's standards for
signage are more stringent and are significantly larger and
wider than federal law, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Section 4.30.

1117B.5.1 General. When new or additional signs and/or
identification devices are provided, or when existing signs
and/or identification devices are replaced or altered, the
new or altered signs and/or identification devices shall
comply with Section 1117B.5. The addition of or replace-
ment of signs and/or identification devices shall not trigger
any additional path of travel requirements.

1. Identification signs. When signs identify permanent
rooms and spaces of a building or site, they shall com-
ply with Sections 1117B.5.2, 1117B.5.3, 1117B.5.5,
1117B.5.6 and 1117B.5.7. For other means of egress
signs and identification provisions adopted by SFM
and DSA-AC, see Chapter 10, Sections 1011.3 for
tactile exit signs, 1020.1.6.2 for tactile floor designa-
tion signs in stairways, 1008.1.8.6, Item 5 for delayed
egress locks, 1007.6.5 for areas of refuge and 1007.7
for exits and elevators. See also Section 1116Bfor ad-
ditional signage requirements applicable to elevators
and Section 1115B.6for sanitary facilities.

2. Directional and informational signs. When signs di-
rect to or give information about permanent rooms
and functional spaces of a building or site, they shall
comply with Sections 1117B.5.2, 1117B.5.3 and
1117B.5.4

3. Accessibility signs. When signs identify, direct to or
give information about accessible elements and fea-
tures of a building or site, they shall include the ap-
propriate symbol of accessibility and shall comply
with Sections 1117B.5.2 and 1117B.5.8.

4. Plan review and inspection. Signs and identification
as specified in Section 1117B.5.1, when included in
the construction of new buildings or facilities, or
when included, altered or replaced due to additions,
alterations or renovations to existing buildings or fa-
cilities, and when a permit is required, shall comply
with the following plan review and inspection require-
ments:

4. 1. Plan review. Plans, specifications or other in-
formation indicating compliance with these

regulations shall be submitted to the enforcing
agency for review and approval.

4.2. Inspection. Signs and identification shall be
field inspected after installation and approved
. by the enforcing agency prior to the issuance

of a final certificate of occupancy per Appen-
dix Chapter 1, Section 110.2, or final ap-
proval where no certificate of occupancy is
issued. The inspection shall include, but not
be limited to, verification that Braille dots and
cells are properly spaced and the size, propor-
tion and type of raised characters are in com-
pliance with these regulations.

4.3. Other signs and identification. Tactile exit
signage in Sections 1011.3 and 1011.3.2, tac-
tile floor designation signs in stairways in
Section 1020.1.6.2, tactile special egress con-
trol device signs in Section 1008.1.8.6, Item 5,
elevator car control identification required in
Section 1116B.1.9, elevator doorjamb mark-
ing required in Section 1116B.1.14 and sani-
tary facilities signage required in Section
1115B.6 shall also comply with this section.

1117B.5.2 Finish and contrast. Characters, symbols and
their background shall have a nonglare finish. Characters
and symbols shall contrast with their background, either
light on a dark background or dark on a light background.

11I7B.5.3 Proportions. Characters on signs shall have a
width-to-height ratio of between 3:5 and 1:1 and a stroke
width-to-height ratio of between 1:5 and 1:10.

1117B.5.4 Character height. Characters and numbers on
signs shall be sized according to the viewing distance from
which they are to be read. The minimum height is measured
using an uppercase X. Lowercase characters are permitted.
For signs suspended or projected above the finish floor in
compliance with Section 1133B. 8. 6, the minimum character
height shall be 3 inches (76 mm).

1117B.5.5 Raised characters and pictorial symbol signs.

When raised characters are required or whenpictorial sym-
bols (pictograms) are used on such signs, they shall conform
to the following requirements:

1. Character type. Characters on signs shall be raised
'/s2 inch (0. 794 mm) minimum and shall be sans serif
uppercase characters accompanied by Grade 2
Braille complying with Section 1117B.5.6.

2. Character size. Raised characters shall be a mini-
mum ofVg inch (15.9 mm) and a maximum of 2 inches
(51 mm) high.

3. Pictorial symbol signs (pictograms). Pictorial sym-
bol signs (pictograms) shall be accompanied by the
verbal description placed directly below the
pictogram. The outside dimension of the pictogram
field shall be a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) in
height.

4. Character placement. Characters and Braille shall
be in a horizontal format. Braille shall be placed a
minimum of^/g inch (9.5 mm) and a maximum of'/2

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

449

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

inch (12. 7 mm) directly below the tactile characters;
flush left or centered. When tactile text is multilined,
all Braille shall be placed together below all lines of
tactile text.

1117B.5.6 Braille. Contracted Grade 2 Braille shall be
used wherever Braille is required in other portions of these
standards. Dots shall be %<, inch (2.54 mm) on center in
each cell with Vjo-inch (5.08 mm) space between cells, mea-
sured from the second column of dots in the first cell to the
first column of dots in the second cell. Dots shall be raised a
minimum of '/^g inch (0.635 mm) above the background.
Braille dots shall be domed or rounded.

1117B.5.7 Mounting location and height. Where perma-
nent identification signs are provided for rooms and spaces,
signs shall be installed on the wall adjacent to the latch side
of the door. Where there is no wall space on the latch side,
including at double leaf doors, signs shall be placed on the
nearest adjacent wall, preferably on the right.

Where permanent identification signage is provided for
rooms and spaces they shall be located on the approach side
of the door as one enters the room or space. Signs that iden-
tify exits shall be located on the approach side of the door as
one exits the room or space.

Mounting height shall be 60 inches (1524 mm) above the
finish floor to the center line of the sign. Mounting location
shall be determined so that a person may approach within 3
inches (76 mm) of signage without encountering protruding
objects or standing within the swing of a door.

See also Section 1115B.6 for additional signage require-
ments applicable to sanitary facilities.

1117B.5.8 Symbols of accessibility.

1117B.5.8.1 International Symbol of Accessibility. The

International Symbol of Accessibility shall be the stan-
dard used to identify facilities that are accessible to and
usable by physically disabled persons as set forth in
these building standards and as specifically required in
this section. See Figure llB-6.

Exception: Signs need not be provided for facilities
within an adaptable dwelling unit, or within an acces-
sible patient or guest room.

1117B.5.8.1.1 Color of symbol. The symbol specified
above shall consist of a white figure on a blue back-
ground. The blue shall be equal to Color No. 15090 in
Federal Standard 595B.

Exception: The appropriate enforcement agency
may approve other colors to complement decor or
unique design. The symbol contrast shall be light
on dark or dark on light.

1117B.5.8.1.2 Entrance signs. Allbuilding andfacil-
ity entrances that are accessible to and usable by per-
sons with disabilities shall be identified with a
minimum of one International Symbol of Accessibility
and with additional directional signs, utilizing the
symbol, at junctions where the accessible route of
travel diverges from the regular circulation path, to be
visible to persons along approaching circulation

paths. Entrances which are not accessible shall have
directional signage complying with Section
1117B.5.1, Items 2 and 3, which indicates the loca-
tion of and route to the nearest accessible entrance.

1117B.5.8.1.3 Information posted. Buildings that
provide specific sanitary facilities and/or elevators
for public use that conform to these building stan-
dards shall have this information posted in the build-
ing lobby, preferably as part of the building directory.
The information shall be accompanied by the Interna-
tional Symbol of Accessibility. Inaccessible sanitary
facilities shall have directional signage complying
with Section 111 7B. 5. 1, Items 2 and 3, to indicate the
location of the nearest accessible sanitary facility.

1117B.5.8.2 International TTY symbol, where the inter-
national TTY symbol is required, it shall comply with
Figure 11B-14A.

11I7B.5.8.3 Volume control telephones. Where tele-
phones with volume controls are required to be identi-
fied, the identification symbol shall be a telephone
handset with radiating sound waves, such as shown in
Figure 11B-14B.

1117B.5.8.4 Assistive listening systems. Where assistive
listening systems are required to be identified by the
International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss, it shall
comply with Figure 11B-14C.

1117B.5.9 Traffic-control devices. Pole-supported pedes-
trian trOfj tC-CGntrOi uUttOnS Si'iuu OC iuCntijieu witri COiOr
coding consisting of a textured horizontal yellow band 2
inches (51 mm) in width encircling the pole, and a 1 -inch-
wide (25 mm) dark border band above and below this yellow
band. Color coding should be placed immediately above the
control button. Control buttons shall be located no higher
than 48 inches (1219 mm) above the surface adjacent to the
pole.

I117B.5.10 Signs for text telephones. Whenever signs shall
refer to text telephones for people who are deaf or hard of
hearing, the term "TTY" shall be used; the term "TDD"
shall not be used.

1117B.5.11 Cleaner air symbol. Strictly for publicly funded
facilities or any facilities leased or rented by state of Cali-
fornia, not concessionaires. This symbol shall be the stan-
dard used to identify a room, facility and paths of travel that
are accessible to and usable by people who are adversely
impacted by airborne chemicals or particulate(s) and/or
the use of electrical fixtures and/or devices. When used, the
symbol shall comply with Figure llB-40.

1117B.5.11.1 Color and size of symbol. The symbol
shall be used when the following minimum conditions
are met. The symbol, which shall include the text
"Cleaner Air" as shown, shall be displayed either as a
negative or positive image within a square that is a mini-
mum of 6 inches (152 mm) on each side. The symbol may
be shown in black and white or in color. When color is
used, it shall he Federal Blue (Color No. 15090 Federal
Standard 595B) on white, or white on Federal Blue.
There shall be at least a 70-percent color contrast

450

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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between the background of the sign from the surface that
it is mounted on.

Strictly for publicly funded public facilities or any
facilities leased or rented by State of California; not con-
cessionaires.

1117B.5.11.2 Conditions of use. Use of the cleaner air
symbol is voluntary. The cleaner air symbol shall be per-
mitted for use to identify a path of travel, and a room or a
facility when the following is met.

1 . Floor or wall coverings, floor or wall covering ad-
hesives, carpets, formaldehyde-emitting
particleboard cabinetry, cupboards or doors have
not been installed or replaced in the previous 12
months.

2. Incandescent lighting provided in lieu of fluores-
cent or halogen lighting, and electrical systems
and equipment shall be operable by or on behalf of
the occupant or user of the room, facility or path of
travel.

3. Heating, ventilation, air conditioning and their
controls shall be operable by or on behalf of the
occupant or user

4. To maintain " cleaner air" designation only nonir-
ritating, nontoxic products will be used in clean-
ing, maintenance, disinfection, pest management
or for any minimal touch-ups that are essential for
occupancy of the area. Deodorizers or Fragrance
Emission Devices and Systems (FEDS) shall not
be used in the designated area. Pest control prac-
tices for cleaner air areas shall include the use of
bait stations using boric acid, sticky traps and sili-
con caulk for sealing cracks and crevices. Areas
shall be routinely monitored for pest problems. Ad-
ditional nontoxic treatment methods, such as tem-
perature extremes for termites, may be employed
in the event of more urgent problems. These pest

■ control practices shall not be used 48 hours prior
to placement of the sign, and the facility shall be
ventilated with outside air for a minimum of 24
hours following use or application.

5. Signage shall be posted requesting occupants or
users not to smoke or wear perfumes, colognes or
scented personal care products. Fragranced prod-
ucts shall not be used in the designated cleaner-air
room, facility or path of travel.

6. A log shall be maintained on site, accessible to the
public either in person or by telephone, e-mail, fax
or other accessible means as requested. One or
more individuals shall be designated to maintain
the log. The log shall record any product or prac-
tice used in the cleaner air designated room, facil-
ity or path of travel, as well as scheduled activities,
that may impact the cleaner air designation. The
log shall also include the product label as well as
the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

1117B.5.11.3 Removal of symbol. If the path of travel,
room and/or facility identified by the cleaner air symbol

should temporarily or permanently cease to meet the
minimum conditions as set forth above, the cleaner air
symbol shall be removed and shall not be replaced until
the minimum conditions are again met.

III7B.6 Controls and operating mechanisms.

1. General. Controls and operating mechanisms in acces-
sible spaces, along accessible routes or as parts of acces-
sible elements (for example, light switches and dispenser
controls) and those required to be accessible by Section
1 09. 1 shall comply with the requirements of this section.

2. Clear floor space. Clear floor space complying with Sec-
tion 1118B.4 that allows a forward or parallel approach
by a person using a wheelchair shall be provided at con-
trols, dispensers, receptacles and other operable equip-
ment.

3. Height. The highest operable part of all controls, dis-
pensers, receptacles and other operable equipment shall
be placedwithin at least one of the reach ranges specified
in Sections 1118B.5 and 1118B.6. Electrical and com-
munication systems receptacles on walls shall be
mounted no less than 15 inches (381 mm) above the floor

Exception: These requirements do not apply where
the use of special equipment dictates otherwise or
where electrical and communication systems recepta-
cles are not normally intended for use by building
occupants.

4. Operation. Controls and operating mechanisms shall be
operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasp-
ing, pinching or twisting of the wrist. The force required
to activate controls shall be no greater than 5 pounds
(22.2 N) of force.

5. Installation heights of electrical switches and recepta-
cle outlets.

5.1. Electrical switches. The center of the grip of the
operating handle of controls or switches in-
tended to be used by the occupant of the room or
area to control lighting and receptacle outlets,
appliances or cooling, heating and ventilating
equipment, shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) above
the floor or working platform.

5.2. Electrical receptacle outlets. The center of elec-
trical receptacle outlets on branch circuits of 30
amperes or less shall be installed not more than
48 inches (1219 mm) nor less than 15 inches (381
mm) above the floor or working platform.

Exceptions:

1. Receptacle outlets installed as part of
permanently installed baseboard heaters
are exempt.

2. Required receptacle outlets shall be per-
mitted in floors when adjacent to sliding
panels or walls.

3. Baseboard electrical outlets used in
relocatable partitions, window walls or
other electrical convenience floor outlets
are not subject to the minimum height re-
quirements.

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ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODA TIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICL Y FUNDED HOUSING

4. This section shall not apply to existing
buildings when the enforcing agency de-
termines that compliance with these stan-
dards would create an unreasonable
hardship.

1117B.7 Automated teller machines and point of sale
machines.

1117B.7.1 Definitions.

AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM) means
any electronic information processing device, including
a point-of-sale machine, used by a financial institution
or other business entity and its customers for the primary
purpose of executing financial transactions between
itself and its customers. For the purposes of this section,
"automated teller machine" includes point-of-sale
machines used in grocery stores, ticket sales facilities
and other business entities, but does not include card
reading devices located on fuel pump islands at gasoline
service stations and motor vehicle fuel facilities.

ATM SITE means that immediate area which is within
or made or to be made part of an existing building or a
building to be constructed, and to which one or more
ATMs is or shall be affixed.

ATM INSTALLATION means a single ATM structur-
ally affixed to a building or other structure.

1117B.7.2 General. Where ATMs are provided for the pub-
lic, they shall comply with this section.

Exceptions:

1. In grocery stores and other retail outlets with
point-of-sale machines located at individual check
stands, machines that are located at accessible
check stands must be made accessible. Where ma-
chines are located away from individual check
stands, they must all be made accessible.

2. Where the enforcing agency determines that com-
pliance with this regulation would create an un-
reasonable hardship, an exception may be granted
when equivalent facilitation is provided through
the use of other methods or materials.

3. In existing buildings, these regulations shall not
apply when legal or physical constraints would not
allow compliance with these regulations or equiv-
alent facilitation without creating an unreason-
able hardship. See Section 109.1.5.

4. Drive-up only ATMs are not required to comply
with this section.

5. Card-reading devices located on fuel pump islands
at gasoline service stations and motor vehicle fuel
facilities are not required to comply with Sections
1114B through 1126B and all subsections there
under.

1117B.7.3 Controls. Controls for user activation shall com-
ply with the requirements of Section 1117B.6, Item 4, which
states that controls and operating mechanisms shall be
operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping,

pinching or twisting of the wrist. The force required to acti-
vate controls shall be no greater than 5 lbf(22.2 N).

I117B.7.4 Clearances and reach range. Free-standing or
built-in units not having a clear space under them shall
comply with the following as to clearance and reach range.

1117B.7.4.1 Where one ATM is provided. Where one
ATM is provided at a location, it shall meet the specifica-
tions of Section 4.34 of the Americans with Disabilities
Act Standards for Accessible Design as follows:

1. The ATM shall be locatedso that clear floor space
complying with Section 11I8B.4 is provided to al-
low a person using a wheelchair to make a forward
approach, a parallel approach, or both, to the ma-
chine.

2. Forward approach only. If only a forward ap-
proach is possible, operable parts of all controls
shall be placed within the forward reach range
specified in Section 1II8B.5.

3. Parallel approach only. If only a parallel ap-
proach is possible, operable parts of controls shall
be placed as follows:

3.1. Reach depth not more than 10 inches (254
mm). Where the reach depth to the opera-
ble parts of all controls as measured from
the vertical plane perpendicular to the
edge of the unobstructed clear floor space
at the farthest protrusion of the ATM or
surround is not more than 10 inches (254
mm), the maximum height from the floor
shall be 54 inches (1372 mm).

3.2. Reach depth more than 10 inches (254
mm). Where the reach depth to the opera-
ble parts of any control as measured from
the vertical plane perpendicular to the
edge of the unobstructed clear floor space
at the farthest protrusion of the ATM or
surround is more than 10 inches (254 mm),
the maximum height from the floor shall be
as shown in Table llB-5.

4. Forward and parallel approach. If both a forward
andparallel approach are possible, operable parts
of controls shall be placed within at least one of the
reach ranges in Item 2 or 3.

5. Bins. Where bins are provided for envelopes,
waste paper, or other purposes, at least one of each
type provided shall comply with the applicable
reach ranges in Item 2, 3 or 4.

Exception: Where a function can be performed in
a substantially equivalent manner by using an
alternate control, only one of the controls needed
to perform that function is required to comply with
this section. If the controls are identified by tactile
markings, such markings shall be provided on both
controls.

1117B.7.4.2 Where two ATMs are provided. Where two
ATMs are provided at a location, one shall comply with

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Section 1117B.7.4.1, except that the highest operable
part shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) maximum. The second
ATM is not regulated as to height, including height of dis-
play.

1117B.7.4.3 Where three or more ATMs are provided.

Where three or more ATMs are provided, two shall be
used to satisfy Section 1117B.7.4.2 above. For the addi-
tional ATMs beyond the first two, at least 50 percent shall
comply withSection 1117B.7.4.1. The remainder are not
regulated as to height, including height of display. If fea-
tures provided differ from ATM to ATM, all features shall
be equally represented among the accessible ATMs.

1117B.7.5 Display. LED, cathode ray or other screen
devices intended to be viewed by the user shall be positioned
so they are readily visible to and usable by a person sitting in
a wheelchair with approximate eye level of 45 inches (1143
mm), and shall comply with the following requirements:

1 . Vertically mounted screen devices. If mounted verti-
cally or tipped no more than 30 degrees away from the
viewer, the center line of screens and other screen de-
vices shall be located a maximum of 52 inches (1321
mm) above grade.

2. Angle-mounted screen devices. If mounted at an an-
gle between 30 degrees and 60 degrees tipped away
from the viewer, the center line of screens and other
screen devices shall be located a maximum of 44
inches (1118 mm) above grade.

3. Horizontally mounted screen devices. If mounted at
an angle between 60 degrees and 90 degrees tipped
away from the viewer, the center line of screens and

other screen devices shall be located a maximum of 34
inches (864 mm) above grade.

Exception: ATMs unregulated as to height in Sec-
tions 1117B.7.4 through 1117B.7.4.3 above are
also exempt from this section.

1117B. 7.6 ATM equipmentfor persons with vision impair-
ments. Instructions and all information for use shall be
made accessible to and independently usable by persons
with vision impairments.

Ill 7B.8 Fitting and dressing rooms. Where fitting or dressing
rooms are provided for male or female customers, patients,
employees or the general public, 5 percent, but never less than
one, of dressings rooms for each type of use in each cluster of
dressing rooms shall be accessible and located on an accessi-
ble route complying with Section 1114B.1.2. Examples of types
of dressing rooms are those serving different genders or dis-
tinct and different functions as in different treatment or exami-
nation facilities. Where only unisex dressing rooms are
provided, accessible unisex dressing rooms may be used to ful-
fill this requirement.

Entry doors shall conform to the requirements of Section
1133B.2 and aisles leading to such doors shall conform to Sec-
tions 1133B.6.1 andll33B.6.2.

The bottom of mirrors provided for use by persons with dis-
abilities shall not be greater than 20 inches (508 mm) from the
floor. Mirrors to be used by persons with disabilities shall be
full length, measuring at least 18 inches (457 mm) wide by 54
inches (1372 mm) high, and shall be mounted in a position
affording a view to a person on the bench as well as to a person
in a standing position.

TABLE 11 B-5
MAXIMUM REACH DEPTH FOR AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES

REACH DEPTH (X)

MAXIMUM HEIGHT (Y)

(inches)

X 25.4 for mm

53.5

13'

52.5

51.5

50.5

49.5

48.5

47.5

46.5

See Figure 11B-5F (d).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

453

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

Clothing hooks shall be located not greater than 48 inches
(1219 mm) from the floor.

Every accessible dressing room shall have a 24-inch by
48-inch (61 mm by 1219 mm) bench fixed to the wall along the
longer dimension. The bench shall be mounted 17 to 19 inches
(432 to 483 mm) above the finish floor. Clear floor space shall
be provided alongside the bench to allow a person using a
wheelchair to make a parallel transfer onto the bench. The
structural strength of the bench and attachments shall comply
with Section 1115B.7.2. Where installed in conjunction with
showers, swimming pools or other wet locations, water shall
not accumulate upon the surface of the bench and the bench
shall have a slip-resistant surface.

The minimum clear space within the room shall be 60 inches
(1524 mm) in width and length. No door shall encroach into the
required space.

SECTION 111 8B
SPACE ALLOWANCE AND REACH RANGES

1118B.1 Wheelchair passage width. The minimum clear width
for single wheelchair passage shall be 32 inches (813 mm) at a
point and 36 inches (914 mm) continuously. See Figure
llB-10.

1118B.2 Width for wheelchair passing. The minimum width
for two wheelchairs to pass is 60 inches (1524 mm). See Figure
llB-11.

1118B.3 Wheelchair turning space. The space required for a
wheelchair to make a 180-degree turn is a clear space of 60
inches (1524 mm) diameter [see Figure llB-12 (a)] or a
T-shaped space. See Figure llB-12 (b).

1118B.4 Clear floor or ground space for wheelchairs.

1. Size and approach. The minimum clear floor or ground
space required to accommodate a single, stationary
wheelchair and occupant is 30 inches by 48 inches (762
mm by 1219 mm). The minimum clear floor or ground
space for wheelchairs may be positioned for forward or
parallel approach to an object. Clear floor or ground
space for wheelchairs may be part of the knee space re-
quired under some objects. See Figure 11B-5A.

2. Relationship of maneuvering clearances to wheelchair
spaces. One full unobstructed side of the clear floor or
ground space for a wheelchair shall adjoin or overlap an
accessible route or adjoin another wheelchair clear
floor space. If a clear floor space is located in an alcove
or otherwise confined on all or apart of three sides, addi-
tional maneuvering clearances shall be provided as
shown in Figure llB-5A(b).

1118B.5 Forward reach. If the clear floor space allows only
forward approach to an object, the maximum high forward
reach allowed shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) [see Figure
11B-5C (a)]. The minimum low forward reach is 15 inches (381
mm). If the high forward reach is over an obstruction, reach
and clearances shall be as shown in Figure llB-5C(b).

1118B.6 Side reach. If the clear floor space allows parallel
approach by a person in a wheelchair, the maximum high side
reach allowed shall be 54 inches (1372 mm) and the low side

reach shall be no less than 9 inches (229 mm) above the floor
[see Figure llB-5D(a) and (b)]. If the side reach is over an
obstruction, the reach and clearances shall be as shown in Fig-
ure llB-5D(c).

SECTION 1119B
SPECIAL STANDARDS OF ACCESSIBILITY FOR
BUILDINGS WITH HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

See Section 1135B.

SECTION 11 20B
FLOOR AND LEVELS

1120B.1 Floors within each story. In buildings and facilities,
floors of a given story shall be a common level throughout, or
shall be connected by pedestrian ramps, passenger elevators
or special access lifts.

Exceptions:

1. In existing buildings, other than dining banquet and
bar facilities, when the enforcing agency determines
that compliance with this section would create an un-
reasonable hardship, an exception shall be granted
when equivalent facilitation is provided.

2. In existing dining, banquet and bar facilities, when
the enforcing agency determines that compliance
with this section would create an unreasonable hard-
ship, an exception shall be granted, provided that a
minimum of 7 5 percent of the dining, banquet and bar
area shall be a common level throughout or shall be
connected by pedestrian ramps, passenger elevators
or special lifts and provided that the same services
and decor are provided in an accessible space usable
by the general public and are not restricted to use by
people with disabilities.

3. In existing buildings, this section shall not apply when
legal or physical constraints would not allow compli-
ance with this section or equivalent facilitation with-
out creating an unreasonable hardship. See Section
109.1.5.

4. Where specifically exempted in other portions of this
code.

1120B.2 Floor surface. The surface of floors shall be slip
resistant and shall comply with Section 1124B.

SECTION 1 121 B
TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

1121B.1 General. Every station, bus stop, bus stop pad, termi-
nal, building or other transportation facility shall incorporate
the accessibility requirements of this code as modified by this
chapter. The exceptions for elevators in Section 1103B do not
apply to a terminal, depot or other station used for specified
public transportation, or an airport passenger terminal, or
facilities subject to Title II of the Americans with Disabilities
Act.

1121B.2 Bus stops and terminals.

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1121B.2.1 New construction. Where provided, bus stop
pads shall have a firm, stable surface with a minimum clear
length of 96 inches (2438 mm) (measured from the curb or
vehicle roadway edge) and a minimum clear width of 60
inches (1524 mm) (measured parallel to the vehicle road-
way) to the maximum extent allowed by legal or site con-
straints. Bus stop pads shall connect to streets, sidewalks or
pedestrian paths as part of an accessible route complying
with Section 1114B.1.2. Newly constructed bus stop pads
must provide a square curb surface between the pad and
road or other detectable warning in accordance with Sec-
tion 1133B.8.5.

Bus stop pads shall be at the same slope as the roadway in
the direction parallel to roadway, and maximum 2-percent
slope perpendicular to roadway.

Where provided, bus stop shelters shall be installed so as
to permit a wheelchair user to enter the shelter from the pub-
lic way and access a clear floor area of 30 inches by 48
inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) complying with Section
1118B.4, completely within the shelter Such shelters shall
be connected by an accessible route to the boarding area.
Where provided, all bus route identification signs shall com-
ply with Section 1117B.5.1, Item 2.

Only approved DSA-AC detectable warning products
and directional surfaces shall be installed as provided in the
California Code ofRegulations (CCR), Title 24, Parti, Arti-
cles 2, 3 and 4. Refer to CCR Title 24, Part 12, Chapters
12-1 lA and B, for building and facility access specifications
for product approval for detectable warning products and
directional surfaces.

Detectable warning products and directional surfaces
installed after January 1, 2001, shall be evaluated by an
independent entity, selected by the Department of General
Services, Division of the State Architect— Access Compli-
ance, for all occupancies, including transportation and
other outdoor environments, except that when products and
surfaces are for use in residential housing, evaluation shall
be in consultation with the Department of Housing and
Community Development. See Government Code Section
4460.

1121B.2.2 Bus stop siting and alterations.

1. Bus stop sites shall be chosen such that the areas
where lifts or ramps are to be deployed comply with
Section 1121B.2.1.

2. When new bus route identification signs are installed
or old signs are replaced, they shall comply with the
requirements of Section 1121B.2.1.

1121B.3 Fixed facilities and stations.

1121B.3.1 New construction. New stations in rapid rail,
light rail, commuter rail, intercity bus, intercity rail, high
speed rail and other fixed guideway systems (for example,
automated guideway transit, monorails, etc.) shall comply
with the following provisions, as applicable:

1. Elements such as ramps, elevators or other circula-
tion devices, fare vending or other ticketing areas,
and fare collection areas shall be placed to minimize
the distance which wheelchair users and other per-

sons who cannot negotiate steps may have to travel
compared to the general public. The circulation
paths, each including an accessible entrance and an
accessible route, for persons with disabilities shall,
to the maximum extent practicable, coincide with
the circulation path for the general public. Where a
circulation path is different, signage complying with
Section 1117B.5.1, Items 2 and 3, shall be provided
to indicate direction to and identify the accessible
entrance and accessible route.

2. If different entrances to a station serve different
transportation fixed routes or groups of fixed routes,
entrances serving each group or route shall comply
with Section 1133B.1.

3. Direct connections to commercial, retail or residen-
tial facilities shall have an accessible route comply-
ing with Section 1114B.1.2 from the point of
connection to boarding platforms and all transpor-
tation system elements used by the public. Any ele-
ments provided to facilitate future direct
connections shall be on an accessible route connect-
ing boarding platforms and all transportation sys-
tem elements used by the public.

4. Where signs are provided at entrances to stations
identifying the station or the entrance, or both, at
least one sign at each entrance shall comply with
Section 1117B.5.1, Item 1. Such signs shall be
placed in uniform locations at entrances within the
transit system.

Exception: Where the station has no defined
entrance, but signage is provided, the accessible
signage shall be placed in a central location.

5. Stations covered by this section shall have identifi-
cation signs complying with Section 1117B.5.1,
Item 2. Signs shall be placed at frequent intervals
and shall be clearly visible from within the vehicle
on both sides when not obstructed by another train.
When station identification signs are placed close to
vehicle windows (that is, on the side opposite from
boarding) each shall have the top of the highest let-
ter or symbol below the top of the vehicle window
and the bottom of the lowest letter or symbol above
the horizontal mid-line of the vehicle window.

6. Lists of stations, routes or destinations servedby the
station and located on boarding areas, platforms or
mezzanines shall comply with Section 1117B.5.1,
Item 2. A minimum of one sign identifying the spe-
cific station and complying with Section 1117B.5.1,
Item 1, shall be provided on eachplatform or board-
ing area. All signs referenced in this paragraph shall
be placed in uniform locations within the transit sys-
tem.

7. Automatic fare vending, collection and adjustment
(for example, add-fare) systems shall comply with
Section 1117B.7. Such devices shall be located on
an accessible route complying with Section
1114B.1.2.

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If self-service fare collection devices are provided
for the use of the general public, a minimum of 5
percent but not less than one accessible device for
entering, and at least one for exiting, unless one de-
vice serves bothfunctions, shall be provided at each
location where such devices are provided.

Accessible fare collection devices shall have a
minimum clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm)
and shall comply with the applicable requirements
of Section 11 17B.6.

Gates which must be pushed open by wheelchair
or mobility aid users shall have a smooth continuous
Surface extending from 2 inches (51 mm) above the
floor to 27 inches (686 mm) above the floor and
shall comply with Sections 1133B.1 and 1133B.2.

8. Platform edges bordering a drop-off and not pro-
tected by platform screens or guards shall have a de-
tectable warning. Such detectable warnings shall
comply with the following provisions as applicable,
and shall run the full length of the platform drop-off.

(a)Detectable warnings at transit boarding platforms.

Transit boarding platforms shall have a detectable
warning texture extending the full length of the load-
ing area. This detectable warning texture shall have
the following features:

Width 24 to 36 inches (610 mm to 914 mm)
placed at the edge of the drop-off or safe area.

Durable, slip-resistant material having a sur-
face texWre composed of raised, truncated domes
in a staggered pattern with a diameter of nominal
0.9 inch (22.9 mm) at the base tapering to 0.45
inch (11.4 mm) at the top, a height of nominal 0.2
inch (5.08 mm), and a center-to-center spacing of
nominal 2.35 inches (59.7mm) in compliance with
Figure 113-23 A. "Nominal" as used here shall be
in accordance with California State Referenced
Standards Code Sections 12-1 lA andB-102. The
detectable warning shall contrast visually with
adjoining surfaces, either light on dark or dark on
light. The material used to provide contrast shall
be an integral part of the walking surface. Warning
surfaces shall differ from adjoining walking sur-
faces in resiliency or sound-on-cane contact. This
surface shall be reserved for warning.

Color yellow conforming to Federal Color No.
33538, as shown in Table TV of Standard No. 595B.
Where the color value contrast between the yellow
warning and the main walking surface is less than
70 percent, a 1 inch-wide (25 mm) black strip shall
separate the yellow warning from the main walk-
ing surface. Contrast shall be determined by:

Contrast = [(B1-B2/B1)] x 100 percent where
Bl = light reflectance value (LRV) of the lighter
area andB2 = light reflectance value (LRV) of the
darker area.

Only approved DSA-AC detectable warning
products and directional surfaces shall be
installed as provided in the California Code of

Regulations (CCR), Title 24, Part 1, Articles 2, 3
and 4. Refer to CCR Title 24, Part 12, Chapters
12-llA and B, for building and facility access
specifications for product approval for detectable
warning products and directional surfaces.

Detectable warning products and directional
surfaces installed after January 1, 2001, shall be
evaluated by an independent entity, selected by the
Department of General Services, Division of the
State Architect— Access Compliance, for all occu-
pancies, including transportation and other out-
door environments, except that when products and
surfaces are for use in residential housing, evalua-
tion shall be in consultation with the Department
of Housing and Community Development. See
Government Code Section 4460.

(b)Detectdble directional texture at boarding plat-
forms. At transit boarding platforms, the pedestrian
access shall be identified with a detectable direc-
tional texture. This detectable directional texture
shall comply with Figure 11B-23B and shall be 0.1
inch (2.54 mm) in height that tapers off to 0.04 inch
(1.02 mm), with bars raised 0.2 inch (5.08 mm) from
the surface. The raised bars shall be 1.3 inches
(33.02 mm) wide and 3 inches (76 mm) from cen-
ter-to-center of each bar This surface shall differ
from adjoining walking surfaces in resiliency or
sound-on-cane contact. The color of the directional
texPire shall com^l^^ with Section 1 121B.3.1 Item
8(a). This surface will be placed directly behind the
yellow detectable warning texture specified in Sec-
tion 1121B.3.1, Item 8(a), aligning with all doors of
the transit vehicles where passengers will embark.
The width of the directional texture shall be equal to
the width of the transit vehicle's door opening. The
depth of the texture shall not be less than 36 inches
(914 mm).

Only approved DSA-AC detectable warning prod-
ucts and directional surfaces shall be installed as
provided in the California Code of Regulations
(CCR), Title 24, Part 1, Articles 2, 3 and 4. Refer to
CCR Title 24, Part 12, Chapters 12-1 lA and B, for
building and facility access specifications for prod-
uct approval for detectable warning products and
directional surfaces.

Detectable warning products and directional sur-
faces installed after January 1, 2001, shall be evalu-
ated by an independent entity, selected by the
Department of General Services, Division of the
State Architect— Access Compliance, for all occu-
pancies, including transportation and other out-
door environments, except that when products and
surfaces are for use in residential housing, evalua-
tion shall be in consultation with the Department of
Housing and Community Development. See Gov-
ernment Code Section 4460.

9. In stations covered by this section, rail-to-platform
height in new stations shall be coordinated with the
floor height of new vehicles so that the vertical dif-

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ference, measured when the vehicle is at rest, is
within plus or minus Vg inch (15.9 mm) under nor-
mal passenger load conditions.

For slow moving automated guideway "people
mover" transit systems, the horizontal gap in new sta-
tions shall be no greater than 1 inch (25 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Existing vehicles operating in new stations may
have a vertical difference with respect to the
new platform within plus or minus V/2 inches
(38 mm).

2. In light rail, commuter rail and intercity rail
systems where it is not operationally or struc-
turally feasible to meet the horizontal gap or
vertical difference requirements, minihigh plat-
forms, car-borne or platform-mounted lifts,
ramps or bridge plates, or similar manually de-
ployed devices, meeting the applicable require-
ments of 36 CFR Part 1192, or 49 CFR Part 38
shall suffice.

10. Stations shall not be designed or constructed so as
to require persons with disabilities to board or
alight from a vehicle at a location other than one
used by the general public.

11. Illumination levels in the areas where signage is lo-
cated shall be uniform and shall minimize glare on
signs. Lighting along circulation routes shall be of a
type and configuration to provide uniform illumina-
tion.

12. Text telephones. The following shall be provided in
accordance with Sections 1117B.2.9.2 and
1117B.2.9.3:

(a) If an interior public pay telephone is provided
in a transit facility (as defined by the federal
Department of Transportation) at least one inte-
rior public text telephone shall be provided in the
station.

(b) Where four or more public pay telephones
serve a particular entrance to a rail station and at
least one is in an interior location, at least one
interior public text telephone complying with Sec-
tions 1117B.2.9.2 and 1117B.2.9.3 shall be pro-
vided to serve that entrance.

13. Where it is necessary to cross tracks to reach board-
ing platforms, the route surface shall be level and
flush with the rail top at the outer edge and between
rails, except for a maximum 2'/2-inch (64 mm) gap
on the inner edge of each rail to permit passage of
wheel flanges. Such crossings shall comply with
Section 1133B.8.5. Where gap reduction is notprac-
ticable, an above-grade or below-grade accessible
route shall be provided.

14. Where public address systems are provided to con-
vey information to the public in terminals, stations,
or other fixed facilities, a means of conveying the
same or equivalent information to persons with
hearing loss or who are deaf shall be provided.

15. Where clocks are provided for use by the general
public, the clock face shall be uncluttered so that its
elements are clearly visible. Hands, numerals,
and/or digits shall contrast with the background ei-
ther light-on-dark or dark-on-light. Where clocks
are mounted overhead, numerals and/or digits shall
comply with Section 1117B.5.4. Clocks shall be
placed in uniform locations throughout the facility
and system.

16. Where provided in below-grade stations, escalators
shall have a minimum clear width of 32 inches (813
mm). At the top and bottom of each escalator run, at
least two contiguous treads shall be level beyond the
comb plate before the risers begin to form. All esca-
lator treads shall be marked by a strip of clearly
contrasting color, 2 inches (51 mm) in width, placed
parallel to and on the nose of each step. The strip
shall be of a material that is at least as slip resistant
as the remainder of the tread. The edge of the tread
shall be apparent from both ascending and descend-
ing directions.

17. Where provided, elevators shall be glazed or have
transparent panels to allow an unobstructed view
both into and out of the car Elevators shall comply
with Section 1116B.

Exception: Elevator cars with a clear floor area in
which a 60-inch-diameter (1524 mm) circle can be
inscribed may be substituted for the minimum car
dimensions of Section 1116B and Figure 11B-40A.

18. Where provided, ticketing areas shall comply with
Section 1122B.5, and the customer side of the bag-
gage check-in area shall be accessible.

19. Where provided, baggage check-in and retrieval
systems shall be on an accessible route complying
with Section 1114B.1.2 and shall have space imme-
diately adjacent complying with Section 1118B.

If unattended security barriers are provided, at
least one gate shall comply with Sections 1133B.1
and 1133B.2. Passageways containing security bar-
riers shall comply with Section 1133B.2.3.4.

Gates which must be pushed open by wheelchair
or mobility aid users shall have a smooth continuous
surface extending from 2 inches (51 mm) above the
floor to 27 inches (686 mm) above the floor

1121B.3.2 Existing facilities — alterations. Alterations of
transportation facilities shall comply with Section 1134B.

112IB.4 Airports.

1121B.4.1 New construction.

1. Elements such as ramps, elevators or other vertical
circulation devices, ticketing areas, security check-
points or passenger waiting areas shall be placed to
provide equitable travel distances for wheelchair us-
ers and other persons who cannot negotiate steps
compared to the route for the general public.

2. The circulation paths, each including an accessible
entrance and an accessible route, for persons with
disabilities shall, to the maximum extent practicable,

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coincide with the circulation path for the general pub-
lic. Where a circulation path is different, signage
complying with Section 1117B.5.1, Items 2 and 3,
shall be provided to indicate direction to and identify
the accessible entrance and accessible route.

3. Where provided, ticketing areas shall comply with
Section 1122B.5, and the customer side of the bag-
gage check-in area shall be accessible.

4. Where public pay telephones are provided, and at
least one is at an interior location, a public text tele-
phone shall be provided in compliance with Sections
11173.2.9.2 and 1117B.2.9.3. Additionally, if four or
more public pay telephones are located in any of the
following locations, at least one public text telephone
shall also be provided in that location: (a) a main ter-
minal outside the security areas; (b) a concourse
within the security areas; or (c) a baggage claim area
in a terminal.

5. Where provided, baggage check-in and retrieval sys-
tems shall be on an accessible route complying with
Section 11 MB. 1.2 and shall have space immediately
adjacent complying with Section 1118B.

If unattended security barriers are provided, at
least one gate shall comply with Sections 1133B.1
andll33B.2. Passageways containing security barri-
ers shall comply with Section 1133B.2.3.4.

Gates which must be pushed open by wheelchair or
mobility aid users shall have a smooth continuous
surface extending from 2 inches (51 mm) above the
floor to 27 inches (686 mm) above the floor.

6. Terminal information systems which broadcast infor-
mation to the general public through a public address
system shall provide a means to provide the same or
equivalent information to persons with a hearing loss
or who are deaf Such methods may include, but are
not limited to, visual paging systems using video mon-
itors and cornputer technology. For persons with cer-
tain types of hearing loss such methods may include,
but are not limited to, an assistive listening system
complying with Section 1104B.2.

7. Where clocks are provided for use by the general pub-
lic the clock face shall be uncluttered so that its ele-
ments are clearly visible. Hands, numerals and/or
digits shall contrast with their background either
light-on-dark or dark-on-light. Where clocks are
mounted overhead, numerals and/or digits shall com-
ply with Section 1117B.5.4. Clocks shall be placed in
uniform locations throughout the facility.

travel complying with Section 1114B.1.2 shall lead to and
through such fixed or built-in seating areas or tables.

I122B.2 Seating. If seating spaces for persons in wheelchairs
are provided at fixed tables or counters, clear floor space com-
plying with Section 1118B.4 shall be provided. Such clear floor
space shall not overlap knee space by more than 19 inches (483
mm) (see Figure llB-13).

1122B.3 Knee clearance. If seating for persons in wheelchairs
is provided at fixed tables or counters, knee spaces at least 27
inches (686 mm) high, 30 inches (762 mm) wide and 19 inches
(483 mm) deep shall be provided (see Figure llB-13).

Exception: Knee clearance is not required at checkout
counters or service counters.

1122B.4 Height of work surfaces. The tops of tables and coun-
ters shall be 28 inches to 34 inches (711 mm to 864 mm) from
the floor or ground.

Where a single counter contains more than one transaction
station, such as (but not limited to) a bank counter with multi-
ple teller windows or a retail sales counter with multiple cash
register stations, at least 5 percent, but never less than one, of
each type of station shall be located at a section of counter that
is at least 36 inches (914 mm) long and no more than 28 to 34
inches (711 to 864 mm) high.

1122B.5 Sales and service counters, teller windows, and
information counters. In department stores and miscellaneous
retail stores where counters have cash registers and are pro-
vided for sales or distribution of goods or services to the public,
at least one of each type shall have a portion of the counter
which is at least 36 inches (915 mm) in length with a maximum
height of 34 inches (864 mm) above the finish floor and located
on an accessible route complying with Section 1114B.1.2.

At ticketing counters, teller stations in a bank, registration
counters in hotels and motels, box office ticket counters and
other counters that may not have a cash register but at which
goods or services are sold or distributed, a portion of the main
counter which is a minimum of 36 inches (915 mm) in length
shall be provided with a maximum height of 34 inches (864
mm).

Exception: In existing buildings where it is determined that
providing an accessible counter would create an unreason-
able hardship, equivalent facilitation may consist of one of
the following:

1. An auxiliary counter, in close proximity to the main
counter, meeting these requirements may be provided.

2. Provision of a folding shelf attached to the main coun-
ter on which an individual with disabilities can write.

SECTION 11 22B

FIXED OR BUILT-IN SEATING, TABLES AND

COUNTERS

1122B.1 Minimum number. Where fixed or built-in seating,
tables or counters are provided in accessible public use or
common use areas, 5 percent, but never less than one, must be
accessible as provided in this section. An accessible route of

SECTION 1123B
ACCESS TO EMPLOYEE AREAS

1123B.1 General. Employee areas shall conform to all
requirements of the Division of the State Architect— Access
Compliance in the California Building Code, Plumbing Code
and Electrical Code.

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1123B.2 Workstations. Specific workstations need only com-
ply with aisle width (Sections 1133B.6.1 and 1133B.6.2) and
floors and levels (Section 1120B), and entryways shall be 32
inches (813 mm) in clear width.

Exception: Accessibility is not required to (1) observation
galleries used primarily for security purposes; or (2) in
nonoccupiable spaces accessed only by ladders, catwalks,
crawl spaces, very narrow passageways or freight
(nonpassenger) elevators, and frequented only by service
personnel for repair purposes; such spaces include, but are
not limited to, elevator pits, elevator penthouses, mechani-
cal rooms, piping or equipment catwalks.

SECTION 11 24B
GROUND AND FLOOR SURFACES

1124B.1 General, Ground and floor surfaces along accessible
routes and in accessible rooms and spaces, including floors,
walks, ramps, stairs and curb ramps, shall be stable, firm, slip
resistant and shall comply with this section.

1124B.2 Changes in level. Changes in level up to V^ inch (6.4
mm) may be vertical and without edge treatment [see Figure
llB-5E(c)]. Changes in level between % inch (6.4 mm) and V2
inch (12.7 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no greater than
1:2 [see Figure llB-5E(d)]. Changes in level greater than V2
inch (12.7 mm) shall be accomplished by means of a curb
ramp, ramp, elevator or platform lift that complies with Section
1127B.5, 1133B.5, 1116B.1 or 11168.2, respectively

1124B.3 Carpet. If carpet or carpet tile is used on a ground or
floor surface, then it shall be securely attached; have a firm
cushion, pad or backing or no cushion or pad; and have a level
loop, textured loop, level-cut pile or level-cut/uncut pile tex-
ture. The maximum pile height shall be ^/2 inch (12. 7 mm). See
Figure IIB- 7E(b). Exposed edges of carpet shall be fastened to
floor surfaces and have trim along the entire length of the
exposed edge. Carpet edge trim shall comply with Section
1124B.2.

1124B.4 Gratings. If gratings are located in walking surfaces,
then they shall have spaces no greater than V2 inch (12.7 mm)
wide in one direction (see Figure 11B-7E). If gratings have
elongated openings, then they shall be placed so that the long
dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel
(see Figure 11B-7E).

1125B.3 Height. Accessible storage spaces shall be within at
least one of the reach ranges specified in Sections 1118B.5 and
1118B.6. Clothes rods shall be a maximum of 54 inches (1372
mm) from the floor for a side approach (See Figure 11 BSD).
Where the distance from the wheelchair to the clothes rod or
shelf exceeds 1 inches (254 mm), as in closets without accessi-
ble doors, the height and depth to the rod or shelf shall comply
with Figure 11B-5D.

1125B.4 Hardware. Hardwarefor accessible storage facilities
shall comply with Section 1117B.6. Touch latches and
U-shaped pulls are acceptable.

SECTION 11 26B
VENDING MACHINES AND OTHER EQUIPMENT

Spaces for vending machines and other equipment shall
comply with Section 1118B and shall be located on an accessi-
ble route complying withSection 11 14B. 1.2. Controls for vend-
ing machines and other equipment shall comply with Section
1117B.6, Controls and Operating Mechanisms.

SECTION 11 25B
STORAGE

1125B.1 General. If fixed storage facilities such as cabinets,
shelves, closets or drawers are provided where access is
required by Section 109.1, at least one of each type shall com-
ply with this section. Additional storage may be provided out-
side of the reach ranges shown in Figure 11B-5D.

1125B.2 Clear floor space. A clear floor space at least 30
inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) complying with Sec-
tion 1118B.4 that allows either a forward or parallel approach
by a person using a wheelchair shall be provided at accessible
storage facilities.

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Division II— SITE ACCESSIBILITY

SECTION 1127B
EXTERIOR ROUTES OF TRAVEL

1I27B.1 General. Site development and grading shall be
designed to provide access to all entrances and exterior ground
floor exits, and access to normal paths of travel, and where
necessary to provide access, shall incorporate pedestrian
ramps, curb ramps, etc. Access shall be provided within the
boundary of the site from public transportation stops, accessi-
ble parking spaces, passenger loading zones if provided, and
public streets or sidewalks. When more than one building or
facility is located on a site, accessible routes of travel comply-
ing with Section 1114B.1.2 shall be provided between build-
ings and accessible site facilities, accessible elements, and
accessible spaces that are on the same site. The accessible
route of travel shall be the most practical direct route between
accessible building entrances, accessible site facilities and the
accessible entrance to the site. If access is provided for pedes-
trians from a pedestrian tunnel or elevated walkway, entrances
to the building from each tunnel or walkway must be accessi-
ble.

Exceptions:

1. Where the enforcing agency determines that compli-
ance with these regulations would create an unrea-
sonable hardship because of topography, natural
barriers, etc., an exception may be granted when
equivalent facilitation is provided through the use of
other methods and materials.

2. In existing buildings, this section shall not apply in
those conditions where, due to legal or physical con-
straints, the site ofthe project would not allow compli-
ance with these regulations or equivalent facilitation
without creating an unreasonable hardship. See Sec-
tion 109.1.5.

1127B.2 Design and construction. When accessibility is
required by this section, it shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with this code. See Section 1114B.1 for a list of
applicable sections.

1127B.3 Signs. At every primary public entrance and at every
major junction where the accessible route of travel diverges
from the regular circulation path along or leading to an acces-
sible route of travel, entrance or facility, there shall be a sign
displaying the International Symbol of Accessibility. Signs
shall indicate the direction to accessible building entrances
and facilities and shall comply with the requirements found in
Sections 1117B.5.1, Item 2, and 1117B.5.8.1.

1127B.4 Outside stairways. See Section 1133B.4.

1127B.5 Curb ramps.

1. General. Curb ramps shall be constructed at each cor-
ner of street intersections and where a pedestrian way
crosses a curb. Built-up curb ramps shall be located so
that they do not project into vehicular traffic lanes. The
preferred and recommended location for curb ramps is
in the center ofthe crosswalk of each street corner. Where

it is necessary to locate a curb ramp in the center ofthe
curb return and the street surfaces are marked to identify
pedestrian crosswalks, the lower end ofthe curb ramp
shall terminate within such crosswalk areas. See Figure
11B-20C, Case E and Figure llB-22.

2. Width of curb ramps. Curb ramps shall be a minimum of
4 feet (1219 mm) in width and shall lie, generally, in a
single sloped plane, with a minimum of surface warping
and cross slope.

3. Slope of curb ramps. The slope of curb ramps shall not
exceed one unit vertical to 12 units horizontal
(8.33-percent slope). The slope shall be measured as
shown in Figure 11B-20E. Transitions from ramps to
walks, gutters or streets shall be flush and free of abrupt
change. Maximum slopes of adjoining gutters, road sur-
face immediately adjacent to the curb ramp, or accessi-
ble route shall not exceed one unit vertical to 20 units
horizontal (5-percent slope) within 4 feet (1219 mm) of
the top and bottom of the curb ramp. The slope of the
fanned or flared sides of curb ramps shall not exceed one
unit vertical to 10 units horizontal (10-percent slope).

4. Level landing. A level landing 4 feet (1219 mm) deep
shall be provided at the upper end of each curb ramp
over its full width to permit safe egress from the ramp sur-
face, or the slope of the fanned or flared sides ofthe curb
ramp shall not exceed one unit vertical to 12 units hori-
zontal (8.33-percent slope).

5. Finish. The surface of each curb ramp and its flared
sides shall comply with Section 1124B, Ground and
Floor Surfaces, and shall be of contrasting flnish from
that ofthe adjacent sidewalk.

6. Border. All curb ramps shall have a grooved border 12
inches (305 mm) wide at the level surface ofthe sidewalk
along the top and each side approximately % inch (19
mm) on center All curb ramps constructed between the
face ofthe curb and the street shall have a grooved bor-
der at the level surface of the sidewalk. See Figures
llB-19AandllB-19B.

7. Detectable warnings. Curb ramps shall have a detect-
able warning that extends the full width and depth ofthe
curb ramp, excluding the flared sides, inside the grooved
border. Detectable warnings shall consist of raised trun-
cated domes with a diameter of nominal 0.9 inch (22.9
mm) at the base tapering to 0.45 inch (11.4 mm) at the
top, a height of nominal 0.2 inch (5.08 mm) and a cen-
ter-to-center spacing of nominal 2.35 inches (59.7 mm)
in compliance with Figure 11B-23A. "Nominal" here
shall be in accordance with Sections 12-11 A andB-102,
State Referenced Standards Code. The detectable warn-
ing shall contrast visually with adjoining surfaces, either
light-on-dark or dark-on-light. The material used to pro-
vide contrast shall be an integral part ofthe walking sur-
face. The domes may be constructed in a variety of
methods, including cast in place or stamped, or may be
part of a prefabricated surface treatment.

Only approved DSA-AC detectable warning products
and directional surfaces shall be installed as provided in

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the California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 24, Part
1, Articles 2, 3 and 4. Refer to CCR Title 24, Part 12,
Chapters 12-11 A and B, for building and facility access
specifications for product approval for detectable warn-
ing products and directional surfaces.

Detectable warning products and directional surfaces
installed after January 1, 2001, shall be evaluated by an
independent entity, selected by the Department of Gen-
eral Services, Division of the State Architect— Access
Compliance, for all occupancies, including transporta-
tion and other outdoor environments, except that when
products and surfaces are for use in residential housing,
evaluation shall be in consultation with the Department
of Housing and Community Development. See Govern-
ment Code Section 4460.

Obstructions. Curb ramps shall be located or protected
to prevent their obstruction by parked vehicles.

Diagonal curb ramps. If diagonal (or corner-type) curb
ramps have returned curbs or other well-defined edges,
such edges shall be parallel to the direction ofpedestrian
flow. The bottom of diagonal curb ramps shall have 48
inches (1219 mm) minimum clear space as shown in Fig-
ures llB-22(c) and (d). If diagonal curb ramps are pro-
vided at marked crossings, the 48-inch (1219 mm) clear
space shall be within the markings [see Figures
llB-22(c) and (d)]. If diagonal curb ramps have flared
sides, they shall also have at least a 24 inch (610 mm)
long segment of straight curb located on each side of the
curb ramp and within the marked crossing [see Figure
llB-22 (c)].

Notes:

1. For additional curb details, see Figures
11B-19A and 11B-19B.

2. If the distance from the curb to the back of side-
walk is too short to accommodate a ramp and a
4-foot (1219 mm) platform as in Figure
11B-20A, Case A, the sidewalk may be de-
pressed longitudinally as in Figure 11B-20A,
Case B, or Figure 11B-20B, Case C, or may be
widened as in Figure 11B-20B, Case D.

3. If the sidewalk is less than 5 feet (1524 mm)
wide, the full width of the sidewalk shall be de-
pressed as shown in Figure 1 1B-20B, Case C.

4. As an alternate to Figure 11B-20A, Case A, one
ramp may be placed in the center of the curb re-
turn as in Figure 11B-20C, Case E.

5. When a ramp is located in the center of a curb
return, the crosswalk configuration must be
similar to that shown on the plan to accommo-
date wheelchairs. See Figure llB-22.

6. If the planting area width is equal to or greater
than the ramp length, the ramp side slope dis-
tance equals 3 feet (914 mm). See Figure
11B-20D, Case G.

7. For Figure 11B-20C, Case F, and Figure
11B-20D, Case G, the longitudinal portion of

the sidewalk may need to be depressed as
shown in Figure 11B-20A, Case B.

If located on a curve, the sides of the ramp need
not be parallel, but the minimum width of the
ramp shall be 4 feet (1219 mm).

The ramp shall have a 12-inch-wide (305 mm)
border with '/4-inch (6 mm) grooves approxi-
mately % inch (19 mm) on center See grooving
detail, Figure 11B-20D, Case H.

SECTION 11 28B
PEDESTRIAN GRADE SEPARATIONS
(OVERPASSES AND UNDERPASSES)

Pedestrian ramps on pedestrian grade separations shall
comply with the requirements of Section 1133B.5for ramps.

Cross slopes of walking surfaces shall be the minimum pos-
sible and shall not exceed V4 inch (6 mm) per foot
(2.083-percent gradient). The slope of any appreciably warped
walking surface shall not exceed one unit vertical in 12 units
horizontal (8.33-percent slope) in any direction. Where pedes-
trian grade separations cross streets or other vehicular traffic
ways, and where a street level crossing can reasonably and
safely be used by persons with physical disabilities, there shall
be provided conforming curb ramps and a usable pathway.

Exceptions:

1. When the grade differential of the walking surface of a
pedestrian grade separation exceeds 14 feet (4267
mm) due to required height clearance and grade con-
ditions, and the enforcing agency finds that because
of right-of-way restrictions, topography or natural
barriers, wheelchair accessibility or equivalent facil-
itation would create an unreasonable hardship, such
accessibility need not be provided. However, the re-
quirements in these regulations relating to other types
of mobility shall be complied with.

2. For existing facilities, this section shall not apply
where, due to legal or physical constraints, the site of
the project will not allow compliance with these regu-
lations or equivalent facilitation without creating an
unreasonable hardship. See Section 109.1.5.

SECTION 11 29B
ACCESSIBLE PARKING REQUIRED

1129B.1 General. Each lot or parking structure where parking
is provided for the public as clients, guests or employees, shall
provide accessible parking as required by this section. Accessi-
ble parking spaces serving a particular building shall be
located on the shortest accessible route of travel (complying
with Section 1114B. 1.2) from adjacent parking to an accessi-
ble entrance. In parking facilities that do not serve a particular
building, accessible parking shall be located on the shortest
accessible route of travel to an accessible pedestrian entrance
of the parking facility. In buildings with multiple accessible
entrances with adjacent parking, accessible parking spaces

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shall be dispersed and located closest to the accessible
entrances. Table llB-6 establishes the number of accessible
parking spaces required.

1129B.2 Medical care outpatient facilities. At facilities pro-
viding medical care and other services for persons with mobil-
ity impairments, parking spaces complying with this section
shall be provided in accordance with Table llB-6 except as fol-
lows:

1. Outpatient units and facilities. Ten percent of the total
number of parking spaces provided shall serve each such
outpatient unit or facility.

2. Units and facilities that specialize in treatment or ser-
vices for persons with mobility impairments. Twenty
percent of the total number of parking spaces provided
shall serve each such unit or facility.

TABLE 11 B-6
SPACES REQUIRED

Establishes the number of accessible parking spaces required.

TOTAL NUMBER OF PARKING
SPACES IN LOT OR GARAGE

MINIMUM REQUIRED
NUMBER OF SPACES

1-25

26-50

51-75

76-100

101-150

151-200

201-300

301-400

401-500

501-1,000

1,001 and over

* Two percent of total.

** Twenty plus one for each 100, or fraction over 1,001.

11293.3 Parking space size. Accessible parking spaces shall
be located as near as practical to a primary entrance and shall
be sized as follows:

1. Dimensions. Where single spaces are provided, they
shall be 14 feet (4267 mm) wide and lined to provide a
9-foot (2743 mm) parking area and a 5-foot (1524 mm)
loading and unloading access aisle on the passenger
side of the vehicle. When more than one space is provided
in lieu of providing a 14-foot-wide (4267 mm) space for
each parking space, two spaces can be provided within a
23-foot-wide (7010 mm) area lined to provide a 9-foot
(2743 mm) parking area on each side of a 5-foot (1524
mm) loading and unloading access aisle in the center.
See Figure 11B-18A. Parking access aisles shall be part
of an accessible route of travel (complying with Section
1114B.1.2) to the building or facility entrance. Parked
vehicle overhangs shall not reduce the clear width of an
accessible route. The minimum length of each parking
space, shall be 18 feet (5486 mm). The words "NO
PARKING" shall be painted on the ground within each
5-foot (1524 mm) loading and unloading access aisle.

This notice shall be painted in white letters no less than
12 inches (305 mm) high and located so that it is visible
to traffic enforcement officials. See Figures 11B-18A,
llB-lSBandllB-lSC.

2. Van space(s). One in every eight accessible spaces, but
not less than one, shall be served by an access aisle 96
inches (2438 mm) wide minimum placed on the side op-
posite the driver's side when the vehicle is going forward
into the parking space and shall be designated van ac-
cessible as required by Section 1129B.4. All such spaces
may be grouped on one level of a parking structure. The
words "NO PARKING" shall be painted on the ground
within each 8-foot (2438 mm) loading and unloading ac-
cess aisle. This notice shall be painted in white letters no
less than 12 inches (305 mm) high and located so that it is
visible to traffic enforcement officials. See Figures
11B-18A, 11B-18B and 11B-18C.

3. Arrangement of parking space. In each parking area, a
bumper or curb shall be provided and located to prevent
encroachment of cars over the required width of walk-
ways. Also, the space shall be so located that persons
with disabilities are not compelled to wheel or walk be-
hind parked cars other than their own. Pedestrian ways
which are accessible to persons with disabilities shall be
provided from each such parking space to related facili-
ties, including curb cuts or ramps as needed. Ramps
shall not encroach into any accessible parking space or
the adjacent access aisle. The maximum cross slope in
any direction of an accessible parking space and adja-
cent access aisle shall not exceed 2 percent.

Exceptions: See Figures 11B-18A through 11B-18C.

1. Where the enforcing agency determines that
compliance with any regulation of this section
would create an unreasonable hardship, a vari-
ance or waiver may be granted when equivalent
facilitation is provided.

2. Parking spaces may be provided which would
require a person with a disability to wheel or
walk behind other than accessible parking
spaces when the enforcing agency determines
that compliance with these regulations or pro-
viding equivalent facilitation would create an
unreasonable hardship. See Section 109.1.5.

4. Slope of parking space. Surface slopes of accessible
parking spaces shall be the minimum possible and shall
not exceed one unit vertical to 50 units horizontal
(2-percent slope) in any direction.

1129B.4 Identification of parking spaces for ojf-street park-
ing facilities. Each parking space reserved for persons with
disabilities shall be identified by a reflectorized sign perma-
nently posted immediately adjacent to and visible from each
stall or space, consisting of the International Symbol of Acces-
sibility in white on a dark blue background.

The sign shall not be smaller than 70 square inches (4516
mm^) in area and, when in a path of travel, shall be posted at a
minimum height of 80 inches (2032 mm) from the bottom of the
sign to the parking space finished grade. Signs may also be
centered on the wall at the interior end of the parking space.

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Spaces complying with Section 1129B.3, Item 2 shall have an
additional sign stating "Van-Accessible" mounted below the
symbol of accessibility. Signs identifying accessible parking
spaces shall be located so they cannot be obscured by a vehicle
parked in the space.

An additional sign shall also be posted in a conspicuous
place at each entrance to off-street parking facilities, or imme-
diately adjacent to and visible from each stall or space. The
sign shall not be less than 17 inches by 22 inches (432 mm by
559 mm) in size with lettering not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in
height, which clearly and conspicuously states the following. ■

"Unauthorized vehicles parked in designated accessible
spaces not displaying distinguishing placards or license
plates issued for persons with disabilities may be towed
away at owner's expense. Towed vehicles may be reclaimed
at or by tele-
phoning . "

Blank spaces are to be filled in with appropriate information
as a permanent part of the sign.

In addition to the above requirements, the surface of each
accessible parking space or stall shall have a surface identifi-
cation duplicating either of the following schemes:

1. By outlining or painting the stall or space in blue and
outlining on the ground in the stall or space in white or
suitable contrasting color a profile view depicting a
wheelchair with occupant; or

2. By outlining a profile view of a wheelchair with occupant
in white on blue background. The profile view shall be lo-
cated so that it is visible to a traffic enforcement officer
when a vehicle is properly parked in the space and shall
be 36 inches high by 36 inches wide (914 mm by 914
mm). See Figures I1B-18A through 11B-18C.

SECTION 1130B
PARKING STRUCTURES

All entrances to and vertical clearances within parking
structures shall have a minimum vertical clearance of 8 feet 2
inches (2489 mm) where required for accessibility to accessi-
ble parking spaces.

Exceptions:

1. Where the enforcing agency determines that compli-
ance with Section 1130B would create an unreason-
able hardship, an exception may be granted when
equivalent facilitation is provided.

2. This section shall not apply to existing buildings
where the enforcing agency determines that, due to le-
gal or physical constraints, compliance with these
regulations or equivalent facilitation would create an
unreasonable hardship. See Section 109.1.5.

SECTION 11 31 B
PASSENGER DROP-OFF AND LOADING ZONES

1131B.1 Location. When provided, passenger drop-off and
loading zones shall be located on an accessible route of travel

(complying with Section 1114B.1.2) and shall comply with
1131B.2.

1131B.2 Passenger loading zones.

1. General. Where provided, one passenger drop-off and
loading zone shall provide an access aisle at least 60
inches (1524 mm) wide and 20 feet (6096 mm) long adja-
cent and parallel to the vehicle pull-up space. Vehicle
standing spaces and access aisles shall be level with sur-
face slopes not exceeding 1:50 (2 percent) in all direc-
tions. If there are curbs between the access aisle and the
vehicle pull-up space, a curb ramp shall be provided.
Each passenger drop-off and loading zone designed for
persons with disabilities shall be identified by a
reflectorized sign, complying with Section HUB. 5.1,
Items 2 and 3, permanently posted immediately adjacent
to and visible from the passenger drop-off or loading
zone stating "Passenger Loading Zone Only" and in-
cluding the International Symbol of Accessibility, in
white on a dark blue background.

2. Vertical clearance. Provide minimum vertical clearance
of 114 inches (2896 mm) at accessible passenger loading
zones and along at least one vehicle access route to such
areas from site entrances and exits.

1131B.3 Valet parking. Valet parking facilities shall provide a
passenger loading zone complying with Section 1131B.2
above and shall be located on an accessible route of travel
(complying with Section 1114B.1.2) to the entrance of the facil-
ity. The parking space requirements of Sections 1129B through
1130B apply to facilities with valet parking.

11313,4 Bus stop pads and shelters. See Section 1121B.2.1.

SECTION 11 32B
OUTDOOR OCCUPANCIES

1132B.1 General. Outdoor occupancies shall be accessible as
required in this chapter. See also the general requirements in
Section 1114B.1.1.

1I32B.2 Parks and recreational areas. The following parks
and recreational areas shall comply with these regulations.

Exceptions:

1. In existing buildings, when the enforcing agency de-
termines that compliance would create an unreason-
able hardship, a variance shall be granted when
equivalent facilitation is provided.

2. Where the enforcing agency finds that, in specific ar-
eas, the natural environment would be materially
damaged by compliance with these regulations, such
areas shall be subject to these regulations only to the
extent that such material damage would not occur.

3. Automobile access shall not be provided or paths of
travel shall not be made accessible when the enforc-
ing agency determines that compliance with these
regulations would create an unreasonable hardship.

1. Campsites. Campsites, a minimum of two and no fewer
than three for each 100 campsites provided, shall be ac-
cessible by a level path or ramp and shall have travel

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routes with slopes not exceeding one unit vertical in 12
units horizontal (8.33-percent slope) to sanitary facili-
ties. Permanent sanitary facilities serving campgrounds
shall be accessible to wheelchair occupants.

2. Beaches, picnic areas. Beaches, picnic areas, day-use
areas, vista points and similar areas shall be accessible.

3. Sanitary facilities. Sanitary facilities, to the extent that
such facilities are provided, each public use area that is
accessible to wheelchair occupants by automobile,
walks or other paths of travel.

4. Boat docks. Boat docks, fishing piers, etc., shall be ac-
cessible.

5. Parkinglots. Parking lots shall be providedwith accessi-
ble parking spaces and with curb cuts leading to all adja-
cent walks, paths or trails.

6. Trails and paths. Trails, paths and nature walk areas, or
portions of these, shall be constructed with gradients
which will permit at least partial use by wheelchair occu-
pants. Hard surface paths or walks shall be provided to
serve buildings and other functional areas.

7. Nature trails. Nature trails and similar educational and
informational areas shall be accessible to the blind by
the provision of rope guidelines, raised Arabic numerals
and symbols for identification, information signs and re-
lated guide and assistance devices.

For museums, orientation buildings, visitor centers, office
buildings, retail stores, restaurants, etc., and sanitary facilities
serving these uses, see Sections 1104B through HUB and sec-
tions listed in Section 1114B.1.1.

1132B.3 Highway rest areas. The specific standards of acces-
sibility for highway rest areas and similar facilities shall be as
follows in Section 1132B.3.1, subject to other provisions in
these regulations.

1132B.3.1 Permanent facilities. At least one kind of perma-
nent functional area or facility, as applicable, shall be
accessible to persons with disabilities, including:

1. A sanitary facility for each sex.

2. At least one picnic table and one additional table for
each 20 tables, or fraction thereof provided.

3. Information and display areas.

4. Drinking fountains.

5. At least one parking space.

6. Curb ramps conforming to Section 1127B.5 shall be
provided at pedestrian ways where appropriate.

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Division III— ACCESSIBILITY FOR ENTRANCES,
EXITS AND PATHS OF TRAVEL

This division includes additional requirements which super-
sede less restrictive requirements in Chapter 10 where access
is required.

SECTION 11 33B

GENERAL ACCESSIBILITY FOR ENTRANCES,

EXITS AND PATHS OF TRAVEL

1133B.1 Building accessibility. See this chapter.

1133B.L1 Entrances.

1133B.LI.1 Entrances and exterior ground floor exit
doors.

1133B.1. I.I.I All entrances and exterior
ground-floor exit doors to buildings and facilities
shall be made accessible to persons with disabilities.
Such entrances shall be connected by an accessible
route (complying with Section 1114B.1.2) to public
transportation stops, to accessible parking and pas-
senger loading zones and to public streets or side-
walks, if available. Entrances shall be connected by
an accessible route to all accessible spaces or ele-
ments within the building or facility. Doorways shall
have a minimum clear opening of 32 inches (813 mm)
with the door open 90 degrees, measured between the
face of the door and the opposite stop (see Figure
11B-5B). Openings more than 24 inches (610 mm) in
depth shall comply with Section 1118B.1.

Exceptions:

1. Exterior ground-floor exits serving
smoke-proof enclosures, stairwells and exit
doors servicing stairs only need not be made
accessible.

2. Exits in excess of those required by Chapter
10, and which are more than 24 inches (610
mm) above grade are not required to be ac-
cessible. Such doors shall have signs warn-
ing that they are not accessible. Warning
signs shall comply with Section 1117B.5.1,
Item 2.

3. In existing buildings where the enforcing
agency deterrnines that compliance with the
building standards of this section would cre-
ate an unreasonable hardship, an exception
shall be granted when equivalent facilita-
tion is provided. Equivalent facilitation
would require at least one entrance to be ac-
cessible to and usable by persons with dis-
abilities.

4. These building standards shall not apply to
existing buildings when legal or physical
constraints will not allow compliance with
these building standards or equivalent facil-
itation without creating an unreasonable

hardship. See Section 109.1.5, Special
Conditions for Persons with Disabilities Re-
quiring Appeals Action Ratiflcation.

1133B.1.1.1.2 Temporary restrictions. During peri-
ods of partial or restricted use of a building or facility,
the entrances used for primary access shall be acces-
sible to and usable by persons with disabilities.

1133B.1.1.1.3 Recessed doormats. Recessed door-
mats shall be adequately anchored to prevent interfer-
ence with wheelchair traffic.

1133B.1.1.1.4 Gates. All gates, including ticket
gates, shall meet all applicable speciflcations for
doors.

1133B.2 Doors.

1133B.2.1 Type of lock or latch. See Chapter 10, Section
1008.1.8.

1133B.2.2 Width and height. Every required exit doorway
shall be of a size as to permit the installation of a door not
less than 3 feet (914 mm) in width and not less than 6 feet 8
inches (2032 mm) in height.

When installed in exit doorways, exit doors shall be capa-
ble of opening at least 90 degrees and shall be so mounted
that the clear width of the exitway is not less than 32 inches
(813 mm) measured between the face of the door and the
opposite stop (see Figure 11B-5B). In computing the exit
width the net dimension of the exitway shall be used.

Exception: Doors not requiring full user passage, such
as shallow closets, may have the clear opening reduced
to 20 inches (510 mm) minimum.

1133B.2.3 Hinged doors. For hinged doors, the opening
width shall be measured with the door positioned at an
angle of 90 degrees from its closed position.

1133B.2.3.1 Pairs of doors. Where a pair of doors is uti-
lized, at least one of the doors shall provide a clear, unob-
structed opening width of 32 inches (813 mm) with the
leaf positioned at an angle of 90 degrees from its closed
position.

1133B.2.3.2 Automatic and power-assisted doors. If an

automatic door is used, then it shall comply with BHMA
A156.10. Slowly opening, low-powered, automatic
doors shall comply with BHMA A156.19. Such doors
shall not open to back check faster than 3 seconds and
shall require no more than 15 Ibf (66.72 N) to stop door
movement. If a power-assisted door is used, its
door-opening force shall comply with Section 1133B.2.5
and its closing shall conform to the requirements in
BHMA A156.19. When an automatic door operator is
utilized to operate a pair of doors, at least one of the
doors shall provide a clear, unobstructed opening width
of 32 inches (813 mm) with the door positioned at an
angle of 90 degrees from its closed position.

Exceptions:

1. The provisions of Section 1133B.2.3 shall not
apply to existing buildings, except when other-
wise required under conditions applicable to

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access for persons with disabilities. In existing
buildings, the following shall apply:

Where the occupant load is less than 10,
except Group I, Division 1 occupancies, or
where the occupant load is greater than 10 and
it is determined that compliance with Section
1133B.2.3 would create an unreasonable hard-
ship, a projection of^/g inch (16 mm) maximum
will be permitted for the latch side stop.

2. In existing buildings, the provisions of this sec-
tion shall not apply when legal or physical con-
straints will not allow compliance with these
building standards or equivalent facilitation
without creating an unreasonable hardship.
See Section 109.1.5.

1133B.2.3.3 Revolving doors. Revolving doors shall not
be used as a required entrance for persons with disabili-
ties.

1133B.2.3.4 Turnstiles, rails and pedestrian controls.

Where turnstiles and crowd control barriers are utilized
in a facility for the purpose of providing fully controlled
access, such as where an admission price is charged, a
door or gate that is accessible to persons with disabilities
shall be provided adjacent to each turnstile exit or
entrance. This alternate passageway shall be maintained
in an unlocked condition during business hours and the
door or gate shall not activate a publicly audible alarm
system. The door or gate may be latched where all gates
are restricted and controlled by an attendant and a sign
is posted stating, "All gates are restricted and controlled
by an attendant." The accessible door or gate shall pro-
vide the same use pattern. Where posts, rails or other
pedestrian controls are utilized to create crowd control
aisles or lanes, a minimum of one lane shall be accessi-
ble and shall provide a minimum aisle width no less than
indicated in Figures llB-5E(a) and (b) with 32 inches
(813 mm) of clear opening.

Exception: In existing buildings. Section 1133B.2.3
shall not apply when physical constraints or equiva-
lent facilitation will not allow compliance with these
building standards without creating an unreasonable
hardship. See Section 109.1.5.

1133B.2.4 Floor level at doors. Regardless of the occupant
load, there shall be a floor or landing on each side of a door

1133B.2.4.1 Thresholds. The floor or landing shall not
be more than V2 inch (12.7 mm) lower than the threshold
of the doorway. Change in level between '/^ inch (6 mm)
and V2 if^ch (12. 7 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no
greater than one unit vertical to 2 units horizontal
(50-percent slope). Change in level greater than V2 inch
(12.7 mm) shall be accomplished by means of a ramp.
See Section 1133B.5.1.

1133B.2.4.2 Maneuvering clearances at doors. Minir
mum maneuvering clearances at doors shall be as shown
in Figures 11B-26A and 11B-26B. The floor or ground
area within the required clearances shall be level and
clean

The level area shall have a length in the direction of
door swing of at least 60 inches (1524 mm) and the
length opposite the direction of door swing of 48 inches
(1219 mm) as measured at right angles to the plane of the
door in its closed position.

Exception: The length opposite the direction of door
swing shall be a minimum of 44 inches (1118 mm)
where the door has no closer and approach to the
door by a person in a wheelchair can be made from
the latch side, or if the door has neither latch nor
closer and approach can be made from the hinge side.
See Figures 11B-26A and 11B-26B.

1133B.2.4.3 The width of the level area on the side to
which the door swings shall extend 24 inches (610 mm)
past the strike edge of the door for exterior doors and 18
inches (457 mm)pastthe strike edge for interior doors.

Twenty-four inches (610 mm) is preferred for
strike-side clearance.

1133B.2.4.4 The space between two consecutive door
openings in a vestibule, serving other than a required exit
stairway shall provide a minimum of 48 inches (1219
mm) of clear space from any door opening into such ves-
tibule when the door is positioned at an angle of 90
degrees from its closed position. Doors in a series shall
swing either in the same direction or away from the space
between the doors. See Figures llB-30 and llB-31.

1133B.2.4,5 Where a door required to be accessible by
Section 1133B. 1.1.1 is located in a recess or alcove
where the distance from the face of the wall to the face of
the door is greater than 8 inches (203 mm), strike side
clearances as prescribed in Section 1133B.2.4.3 shall be
provided. See Figure llB-33(a).

1133B.2.5 Closer-effort to operate doors. Maximum effort
to operate doors shall not exceed 5 lbf(22.2 N)for exterior
and interior doors, such pull or push effort being applied at
right angles to hinged doors and at the center plane of slid-
ing or folding doors. Compensating devices or automatic
door operators may be utilized to meet the above standards.
When fire doors are required, the maximum effort to operate
the door may be increased to the minimum allowable by the
appropriate administrative authority, not to exceed 15 Ibf
(66.72 N).

1133B.2.5.1 Door closer. If the door has a closer, then
the sweep period of the closer shall be adjusted so that
from an open position of 70 degrees, the door will take at
least 3 seconds to move to a point 3 inches (75 mm) from
the latch, measured to the leading edge of the door.

1133B.2.5.2 Hand-activated door opening hardware,
handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operating
devices on accessible doors shall have a shape that is
easy to grasp with one hand and does not require tight
grasping, tight pinching or twisting of the wrist to oper-
ate. Hardware shall be centered between 30 inches (762
mm) and 44 inches (1118 mm) above the floor. Latching
and locking doors that are hand-activated and which are
in a path of travel shall be operable with a single effort by
lever-type hardware, panic bars, push-pull activating

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bars or other hardware designed to provide passage.
Locked exit doors shall operate as above in egress direc-
tion.

1133B.2.5.3 Recessed doors. Where the plane of the
doorway is offset 8 or more inches (205 mm) from any
obstruction within 18 inches (455 mm) measured later-
ally on the latch side, the door shall be provided with
maneuvering clearance for front approach. See Figure
llB-33(a).

1133B.2.6 Smooth surface. The bottom 10 inches (254 mm)
of all doors except automatic and sliding shall have a
smooth, uninterrupted surface to allow the door to be
opened by a wheelchair footrest without creating a trap or
hazardous condition. Where narrow frame doors are used, a
10-inch (254 mm) high smooth panel shall be installed on
the push side of the door, which will allow the door to be
opened by a wheelchair footrest without creating a trap or
hazardous condition.

1133B.3 Corridors, hallways and exterior exit balconies.

1133B.3.1 Corridor and hallway widths. Every corridor
and hallway serving an occupant load of 10 or more shall
not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm) in width. Corridors
and hallways serving an occupant load of less than 10 shall
not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width.

1133B.3.2 Corridors and hallways over 200 feet (60 960
mm). Corridors and hallways that are located on an acces-
sible route and exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm) in length shall
have a minimum clear width of 60 inches (1524 mm), then
passing spaces at least 60 inches by 60 inches (1524 mm by
1524 mm) shall be located at reasonable intervals not to
exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm). A "T" intersection of two cor-
ridors or walks is an acceptable passing place.

Exceptions:

1. In existing buildings, when the enforcing agency
determines that compliance with any building
standard under this section would create an unrea-
sonable hardship, an exception to such building
standard shall be granted when equivalent facili-
tation is provided.

2. In existing buildings, the provisions of this section
shall not apply when legal or physical constraints
will not allow compliance with these building stan-
dards or equivalent facilitation without creating
an unreasonable hardship. See Section 109.1.5.

1133B.4 Stairways.

1133B.4.1 Handrails.

1133B.4.1.1 Required handrails. Stairways shall have
handrails on each side, and every stairway required to be
more than 88 inches (2235 mm) in width shall be pro-
vided with not less than one intermediate handrail for
each 88 inches (2235 mm) of required width. Intermedi-
ate handrails shall be spaced approximately equally
across with the entire width of the stairway. Handrails
shall be continuous along both sides of a stairway.

1133B.4.2 Handrail configuration.

1133B.4.2.1 The top of handrail gripping surface shall
be mounted between 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm)
above the nosing of the treads.

1133B.4.2.2 Handrails shall extend a minimum of 12
inches (305 mm) beyond the top nosing and 12 inches
(305 mm), plus the tread width, beyond the bottom nos-
ing. At the top, the extension shall be parallel with the
floor or ground surface. At the bottom, the handrail shall
continue to slope for a distance of the, width of one tread
from the bottom riser; the remainder of the extension
shall be horizontal. See Figures llB-35 and llB-37.

Exceptions:

1. In new construction, the inside handrail on
switchback or dogleg stairs shall always be
continuous.

2. In existing buildings and facilities, full exten-
sion of handrails at stairs shall not be required
in alterations where such extensions would be
hazardous or impossible due to plan configura-
tion.

1133B.4.2.3 Ends shall be returned smoothly to floor,
wall or post.

1133B.4.2.4 The orientation of at least one handrail
shall be in the direction of the run of the stair and perpen-
dicular to the direction of the stair nosing, and shall not
reduce the minimum required width of the stairs.

1133B.4.2.5 Handrails projecting from a wall shall have
a space ofV/2 inches (38 mm) between the wall and the
handrail.

Handrails may be located in a recess if the recess is a
maximum of 3 inches (76 mm) deep and extends at least
18 inches (457 mm) above the top of the rail. Handrails
shall not rotate in their fittings.

1133B.4.2.6 Handgrips. The handgrip portion of hand-
rails shall be not less than 1'/^ inches (32 mm) or more
than V/2 inches (38 mm) in cross-sectional nominal
dimension or the shape shall provide an equivalent grip-
ping surface. The handgrip portion of handrails shall
have a smooth surface with no sharp corners. Gripping
surfaces (top or sides) shall be uninterrupted by newel
posts, other construction elements or obstructions. Any
wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail shall be
free of sharp or abrasive elements. Edges shall have a
minimum radius of'/g inch (3.2 mm).

Exceptions:

1. In existing buildings when the enforcing agency
determines that compliance with any requirement
under Section 1133B.4.2 would create an unrea-
sonable hardship, an exception to the requirement
for persons with disabilities may be granted when
equivalent facilitation is provided.

2. These regulations shall not apply in existing build-
ings where legal or physical constraints will not al-
low compliance with these regulations or
equivalent facilitation without creating an unrea-
sonable hardship. See Section 109.1.5.

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1133B.4.3 Tactile floor designation signs in stairways.

Tactile floor designation signs that comply with Section
1117B.5, Iteml, shall be located at each floor level landing
in all enclosed stairways in buildings two or more stories in
height to identify the floor level. At exit discharge level, the
sign shall include a raised five-pointed star located to the
left of the identifying floor level. The outside diameter of the
star shall be the same as the height of the raised characters.

1133B.4.4 Striping for the visually impaired. The upper
approach and the lower tread of each stair shall be marked
by a strip of clearly contrasting color at least 2 inches (51
mm) wide placed parallel to and not more than 1 inch (25.4
mm) from the nose of the step or landing to alert the visually
impaired. The strip shall be of material that is at least as slip
resistant as the other treads of the stair.

Where stairways occur outside a building, the upper
approach and all treads shall be marked by a strip of clearly
contrasting color at least 2 inches (w51 mm) wide and
placed parallel to and not more than 1 inch (25.4 mm) from
the nose of the step or landing to alert the visually impaired.
The strip shall be of a material that is at least as slip resis-
tant as the other treads of the stair. A painted strip shall be
acceptable.

1133B.4.5 Treads, nosing and risers.

1133B.4.S.1 Treads. All tread surfaces shall be slip
resistant. Weather-exposed stairs and their approaches
shall be designed so that water will not accumulate on
the walking surfaces. Treads shall have smooth, rounded
or chamfered exposed edges, and no abrupt edges at the
nosing (lower front edge). The radius of curvature at the
leading edge of the tread shall be no greater than Vi inch
(12.7 mm).

1133B.4.5.2 Nosing. Nosing shall not project more than
P/2 inches (38 mm) past the face of the riser below.

1133B.4.5.3 Open risers are not permitted. On any

given flight of stairs, all steps shall have liniform riser
height and uniform tread widths consistent with Section
1133B.4. Stair treads shall be no less than 11 inches(279
mm) deep, measured from riser to riser. See Figure
llB-35. Risers shall be sloped or the underside of the
nosing shall have an angle not less than 60 degrees from
the horizontal.

Exceptions:

1. In existing buildings, when the enforcing
agency determines that compliance with any re-
quirement under this section would create an
unreasonable hardship, an exception to per-
sons with disabilities requirements may be
granted when equivalent facilitation is pro-
vided.

2. These regulations shall not apply to existing
buildings when legal or physical constraints
will not allow compliance with these regula-
tions or equivalent facilitation without creating
an unreasonable hardship. See Section 109.1.5.

1133B.5 Ramps.

1133B.5.1 General. Ramps used as exits shall conform to
the provisions of this section. Any accessible route of travel
shall be considered a ramp if its slope is greater than Ifoot
(305 mm) rise in 20 feet (6096 mm) of horizontal run
(5-percent gradient).

1133B.5.2 Width. Pedestrian ramps shall have a minimum
clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm), unless required to be
wider by some other provision of this code. Pedestrian
ramps serving entrances to buildings where the ramp is the
only exit discharge path and serves an occupant load of 300
or more shall have a minimum clear width of 60 inches
(1524 mm). Ramps serving Group R occupancies may be 36
inches (914 mm) clear width when the occupant load is 50
or less.

1133B.5.3 Slope. The least possible slope shall be used for
any ramp. The maximum slope of a ramp that serves any exit
way, provides access for persons with physical disabilities
or is in the accessible route of travel shall be 1-foot (305
mm) rise in 12 feet (3658 mm) of horizontal run (8. 3 -percent
gradient). The maximum rise for any run shall be 30 inches
(762 mm). Examples of ramp dimensions are as follows:

SLOPE

MAXIMUM RISE

MAXIMUM
HORIZONTAL
PROJECTION

inches

feet

1:12 to < 1:16
1:16 to < 1:20

30
30

760
760

30
40

1133B.5.3.1 The cross slope of ramp surfaces shall be no
greater than one unit vertical in 50 units horizontal
(2-percent slope).

1133B.5.4 Landings. Level ramp landings shall be
installed as follows:

1133B.5.4.1 Location of landings. Level ramp landings
shall be provided at the top and bottom of each ramp.
Intermediate landings shall be provided at intervals not
exceeding 30 inches (762 mm) of vertical rise and at each
change of direction. Landings are not considered in
determining the maximum horizontal distance of each
ramp. Landings shall be level as specified in the defini-
tion of "Level area" in Section 1102B.

1133B.5.4.2 Size of top and bottom landings. Top land-
ings shall be not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) wide and
shall have a length of not less than 60 inches (1524 mm)
in the direction of ramp run. Landings at the bottom of
ramps shall have a dimension in the direction of ramp
run of not less than 72 inches (1829 mm).

1133B.5.4.3 Encroachment of doors. Doors in any
position shall not reduce the minimum dimension of the
landing to less than 42 inches (1067 mm) and shall not
reduce the required width by more than 3 inches (76 mm)
when fully open. See Figure llB-39(b).

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1133B.5.4.4 Strike edge extension. The width of the
landing shall extend 24 inches (610 mm) past the strike
edge of any door or gate for exterior ramps and 18 inches
(457 mm) past the strike edge for interior ramps.

1133B.5.4.5 Landing width. At bottom and intermediate
landings, the width shall be at least the same as required
for the ramps.

1133B.5.4.6 Change of direction. Intermediate and bot-
tom landings at a change of direction in excess of 30
degrees shall have a dimension in the direction of ramp
run of not less than 72 inches (1829 mm) to accommo-
date the handrail extension.

1133B.5.4.7 Other intermediate landings. Other inter-
mediate landings shall have a dimension in the direction
of ramp run of not less than 60 inches (1524 mm).

1133B.5.4.8 For existing ramps or ramps not covered by
Section 1133B. 5.4.1, landings shall be provided as set
forth in Section 1133B.5.4.1.

1133B.5.4.9 Hazards. Required ramps shall have a curb
at least 2 inches (51 mm) high, or awheel guide rail 2 to 4
inches (51 to 102 mm) high on each side of the ramp
landing that has a vertical drop exceeding 4 inches (102
mm) and that is not bounded by a wall or fence.

1133B.5.5 Handrails for ramps.

1133B.5.5.1 Handrails are required on ramps that pro-
vide access if the slope exceeds Ifoot (305 mm) rise in 20
feet (6096 mm) of horizontal run (5-percent gradient),
except that at exterior door landings, handrails are not
required on ramps less than 6 inches (152 mm) rise or 72
inches (1829 mm) in length. Handrails shall be placed on
each side of each ramp, shall be continuous the full
length of the ramp, shall be 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965
mm) above the ramp surface to the top of the handrails,
shall extend a minimum of 1 foot (305 mm) beyond the
top and bottom of the ramp and shall be parallel with the
floor or ground surface. The inside handrail on switch-
back or dogleg ramps shall always be continuous. The
ends of handrails shall be either rounded or returned
smoothly to floor, wall or post. Handrails projecting from
a wall shall have a space ofV/2 inches (38 mm) between
the wall and the handrail. Handrails may be located in a
recess if the recess is a maximum of 3 inches (76 mm)
deep and extends at least 18 inches (457 mm) above the
top of the rail. The grip portion shall not be less than l'/4
inches (32 mm) nor more than IV2 inches (38 mm) in
cross-sectional nominal dimension or the shape shall
provide an equivalent gripping surface, and all surfaces
shall be smooth with no sharp corners. Handrails shall
not rotate within their fittings. Any wall or other surface
adjacent to the handrail shall be free of sharp or abrasive
elements. Edges shall have a minimum radius of'/g inch
(3 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Handrails at ramps immediately adjacent to
fixed seating in assembly areas are not re-
quired.

2. Curb ramps do not require handrails.

1133B.5.5.1.1 Ramp handrails. In existing buildings
or facilities, where the extension of the handrail in the
direction of the ramp run would create a hazard, the
extension on the handrail may be turned 90 degrees to
the run of the ramp.

1I33B.5.6 Wheel guides. Where the ramp surface is not
bounded by a wall, the ramp shall comply with Section
1133B.5.6.1 or 1133B.5.6.2.

1133B.5.6.1 A guide curb a minimum of 2 inches (51
mm) in height shall be provided at each side of the ramp;
or

1133B.5.6.2 A wheel guide rail shall be provided, cen-
tered 3 inches (76 mm) plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm)
above the surface of the ramp.

1133B.S.7 Guards. Ramps more than 30 inches (762 mm)
above the adjacent ground shall be provided with guards
that comply with Section 1013. Such guards shall be contin-
uous from the top of the ramp to the bottom of the ramp.

1133B.5.8 Outdoor ramps. Outdoor ramps and their
approaches shall be designed so that water will not accumu-
late on walking surfaces.

1133B.6 Aisles.

1133B.6.1 General. Every portion of every building in
which are installed seats, tables, merchandise, equipment
or similar materials shall be provided with aisles leading to
an exit.

1133B.6.2 Width. Every aisle shall not be less than 36
inches (914 mm) wide if serving only one side, and not less
than 44 inches (1118 mm) wide if serving both sides.

1133B.7 Walks and sidewalks.

1133B.7.I Continuous surface. Walks and sidewalks sub-
ject to these regulations shall have a continuous common
surface, not interrupted by steps or by abrupt changes in
level exceeding Vj inch (12.7mm) (see Section 1133B.7.4),
and shall be a minimum of 48 inches (1219 mm) in width. If
a walk or sidewalk has less than 60 inch (1525 mm) clear
width, then passing spaces at least 60 inches by 60 inches
(1525 mm by 1525 mm) shall be located at reasonable inter-
vals not to exceed 200 feet (61 m). A T-intersection is an
acceptable passing place. Surfaces shall be slip resistant as
follows:

Exception: When, because of right-of-way restrictions,
natural barriers or other existing conditions, the enforc-
ing agency determines that compliance with the 48-inch
(1219 mm) clear sidewalk width would create an unrea-
sonable hardship, the clear width may be reduced to 36.
inches (914 mm).

1133B.7.1.1 Slopes less than 6 percent. Surfaces with a
slope of less than 6 percent gradient shall be at least as
slip resistant as that described as a medium saltedfinish.

1133B.7.1.2 Slopes 6 percent or greater. Surfaces with a
slope of 6 percent gradient shall be slip-resistant.

1133B.7.1.3 Surface cross slopes. Surface cross slopes
shall not exceed V4 inch (6 mm) per foot.

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1133B.7.2 Gratings. Walks, sidewalks and pedestrian ways
shall be free of gratings whenever possible. For gratings
located in the surface of any of these areas, grid openings in
gratings shall be limited to V2 inch (12.7 mm) in the direc-
tion of traffic flow.

Exceptions:

1. Where the enforcing agency determines that com-
pliance with this section would create an unrea-
sonable hardship, an exception may be granted
when equivalent facilitation is provided.

2. This section shall not apply in those conditions
where, due to legal or physical constraints, the site
of the project will not allow compliance with these
building standards or equivalent facilitation with-
out creating an unreasonable hardship. See Sec-
tion 109.1.5.

1133B.7.3 Five-percent gradient. When the slope in the
direction of travel of any walk exceeds one unit vertical to 20
units horizontal (5-percent gradient), it shall comply with
the provisions of Section 1133B.5.

1133B.7.4 Changes in level. Abrupt changes in level along
any accessible route shall not exceed V2 inch (12. 7 mm).
When changes in level do occur, they shall be beveled with a
slope no greater than one unit vertical to 2 units horizontal
(50 percent), except that level changes not exceeding V^ inch
(6 mm) may be vertical.

When chun^es in level greater than V- inch (12.7 mm.) are
necessary, they shall comply with the requirements for curb
ramps. See Section 1127B.5.

1133B. 7.5 Level areas. Walks shall be provided with a level
area not less than 60 inches by 60 inches (1524 mm by 1524
mm) at a door or gate that swings toward the walk, and not
less than 48 inches wide by 44 inches (1219 mm by 1118
mm) deep at a door or gate that swings away from the walk.
Such walks shall extend 24 inches (610 mm) to the side of the
strike edge of a door or gate that swings toward the walk.
(For example, see Figure 11B-26B.)

1133B. 7. 6 Walks with continuous gradients. All walks with
continuous gradients shall have level areas at least 5 feet
(1524 mm) in length at intervals of at least every 400 feet
(121 920 mm).

1133B.8 Hazards.

1133B.8.1 Warning curbs. Abrupt changes in level, except
between a walk or sidewalk and an adjacent street or drive-
way, exceeding 4 inches (102 mm) in a vertical dimension,
such as at planters or fountains located in or adjacent to
walks, sidewalks or other pedestrian ways, shall be identi-
fied by curbs projecting at least 6 inches (152 mm) in height
above the walk or sidewalk surface to warn the blind of a
potential drop off.

When a guard or handrail is provided, no curb is required
when a guide rail is provided centered 3 inches (76 mm) plus
or minus 1 inch (25 mm) above the surface of the walk or
sidewalk, the walk is 5 percent or less gradient or no adja-
cent hazard exists.

1133B.8.2 Overhanging obstructions. Any obstruction that
overhangs a pedestrian way shall be a minimum of 80
inches (2032 mm) above the walking surface as measured
from the bottom of the obstruction. Where a guy support is
used parallel to a path of travel, including, but not limited to
sidewalks, a guy brace, sidewalk guy or similar device shall
be used to prevent an overhanging obstruction as defined
(see Figure llB-28).

Hazards such as drop-offs adjacent to walkways or over-
hanging obstructions can be dangerous to persons with
sight problems. This section addresses these situations.

1133B.8.3 Detectable warnings at transit boarding plat-
forms. See Section 1121B.3.1, Item 8(a).

1133B.8.4 Detectable directional texture at boarding plat-
forms. See Section 1121B.3.1, Item 8(b).

1133B.8.5 Detectable warnings at hazardous vehicular
areas. If a walk crosses or adjoins a vehicular way, and the
walking surfaces are not separated by curbs, railings or
other elements between the pedestrian areas and vehicular
areas, the boundary between the areas shall be defined by a
continuous detectable warning which is 36 inches (914 mm)
wide, complying with Section 1121B.3.1, Item 8(a).

Only approved DSA-AC detectable warning products and
directional surfaces shall be installed as provided in the
California Code ofRegulations (CCR), Title 24, Part 1, Arti-
cles 2, 3 and 4. Refer to CCR Title 24, Part 12, Chapters
12-11 A and B,for building and facility access specifications

yi wnUCiy

t. app,

? A,

' u-ctectauiC Vvaniiitg yrouucts anu

directional surfaces.

1133B.8.6 Protruding objects.

1133B.8.6.1 General. Objects projecting fromwalls (for
example, telephones), with their leading edges between
27 inches (686 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) above the
finished floor, shall protrude no more than 4 inches (102
mm) into walks, halls, corridors, passageways or aisles.
Objects mounted with their leading edges at or below 27
inches (686 mm) above the finished floor may protrude
any amount Free-standing objects mounted on posts or
pylons may overhang 12 inches (305 mm) maximumfrom
27 inches (686 mm) to 80 inches (2032 mm) above the
ground or finished floor Protruding objects shall not
reduce the clear width of an accessible route or maneu-
vering space. See Figure 11B-7A.

1133B.8.6.2 Head room. Walks, halls, corridors, pas-
sageways, aisles or other circulation spaces shall have
80 inches (2032 mm) minimum clear head room. If verti-
cal clearance of an area adjoining an accessible route is

470

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reduced to less than 80 inches (nominal dimension), a
barrier to warn blind or visually impaired persons shall
be provided. See Figures 11B-7A and 11B-7C.

1133B.8.6.3 Free-standing signs. Wherever signs
mounted on posts or pylons protrude from the posts or
pylons and the bottom edge of the sign is at less than 80
inches (2032 mm) above the finished floor or ground
level, the edges of such signs shall be rounded or eased
and the comers shall have a minimum radius of 0.125
inches (3.2 mm).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 471

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Division IV— ACCESSIBILITY FOR EXISTING
BUILDINGS

SECTION 1134B
ACCESSIBILITY FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

1134B.1 Scope. The provisions of this division apply to renova-
tion, structural repair, alteration and additions to existing
buildings, including those identified as historic buildings. This
division identifies minimum standards for removing architec-
tural barriers, and providing and maintaining accessibility to
existing buildings and their related facilities.

1134B.2 General. All existing buildings and facilities, when
alterations, structural repairs or additions are made to such
buildings or facilities, shall comply with all provisions of Divi-
sion I— New Buildings, except as modified by this division.
These requirements shall apply only to the area of specific
alteration, structural repair or addition and shall include those
areas listed below:

1134B.2.1 A primary entrance to the building or facility and
the primary path of travel to the specific area of alteration,
structural repair or addition, and sanitary facilities, drink-
ing fountains, signs and public telephones serving the area.

Exceptions:

1. When the total construction cost of alterations,
structural repairs or additions does not exceed a
valuation threshold of $50,000, based on January

Cost Index of 3372. 02 (Engineering News Record,
McGraw Hill Publishing Company), and the en-
forcing agency finds that compliance with this
code creates an unreasonable hardship, compli-
ance shall be limited to the actual work of the pro-
ject. The enforcing agency shall annually update
the valuation threshold to a current amount based
on the increase in the index since the last figure
used. (For example, the January 2006 amount is
$113,586.07.) For purposes of this exception, an
unreasonable hardship exists where the cost of
providing an accessible entrance, path of travel,
sanitary facilities, public phones and drinking
fountains is disproportionate to the cost of the pro-
ject; that is, where it exceeds 20 percent of the cost
of the project without these features. Where the
cost of alterations necessary to make these fea-
tures fully accessible is disproportionate, access
shall be provided to the extent that it can be without
incurring disproportionate cost. In choosing
which accessible elements to provide, priority
should be given to those elements that will provide
the greatest access in the following order:

1.1. An accessible entrance;

1.2. An accessible route to the altered area;

1.3. At least one accessible restroomfor each
sex;

1.4. Accessible telephones;

1.5. Accessible drinking fountains; and

1.6. When possible, additional accessible ele-
ments such as parking, storage and
alarms.

The obligation to provide access may not be
evaded by performing a series of small alterations
to the area served by a single path of travel if those
alterations could have been performed as a single
undertaking. If an area has been altered without
providing an accessible path of travel to that area,
and subsequent alterations of that area or a differ-
ent area on the same path of travel are undertaken
within three years of the original alteration, the
total cost of alterations to the areas on that path of
travel during the preceding three-year period shall
be considered in determining whether the cost of
making that path of travel accessible is dispropor-
tionate. Only alterations undertaken after January
26, 1992, shall be considered in determining if the
cost of providing an accessible path of travel is dis-
proportionate to the overall cost of the alterations.

2. Certain types of privately funded, multistory build-
ings and facilities were formerly exempt from ac-
cessibility requirements above and below the first
floor under this code, but as of the effective date of
this regulation are no longer exempt due to more
restrictive provisions in the federal Americans
with Disabilities Act. In alteration projects involv-
ing buildings and facilities previously approved
and built without elevators, areas above and below
the ground floor are subject to the 20-percent
disproportionality provisions described in Excep-
tion 1, above, even if the value of the project ex-
ceeds the valuation threshold in Exception 1. The
types of buildings and facilities are:

2.1. Office buildings and passenger vehicle
service stations of three stories or more
and 3,000 or more square feet (279 rrf) per
floor.

2.2. Offices of physicians and surgeons.

2.3. Shopping centers.

2.4. Other buildings and facilities three stories
or more and 3, 000 or more square feet (2 79
m^)perfioor if a reasonable portion of ser-
vices sought and used by the public is
available on the accessible level.

For the general privately funded multistory
building exception applicable to new construction
and alterations, see Section 1103B.1, Exception2.

The elevator exception set forth in this section
does not obviate or limit in any way the obligation
to comply with the other accessibility requirements
in this code. For example, floors above or below
the accessible ground floor must meet the require-
ments of this section except for elevator service. If
toilet or bathing facilities are provided on a level
not served by an elevator, then toilet or bathing
facilities must be provided on the accessible
groundfloor

472

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICL Y FUNDED HOUSING

3. Alterations, structural repairs or additions con-
sisting of one or more of the following shall be lim-
ited to the actual work of the project:

3.1. Altering one building entrance to meet ac-
cessibility requirements.

3.2. Altering one existing toilet facility to meet
accessibility requirements.

3.3. Altering existing elevators to meet accessi-
bility requirements.

3.4. Altering existing steps to meet accessibility
requirements.

3.5. Altering existing handrails to meet acces-
sibility requirements.

3.6. Alteration solely for the purpose of remov-
ing barriers undertaken pursuant to the re-
quirements of Sections 36.402 and 36.404
through 36.406 of Title III of the Depart-
ment of Justice regulations promulgated
pursuant to the Americans with Disabili-
ties Act (Public Law 101-336, 28 C.F.R.
Section 36.402, 28 C.F.R. Section 36.404,
28 C.F.R. Section 36.405, and 28 C.F.R.
36.406) or the accessibility requirements
of this code as those requirements or regu-
lations now exist or are hereafter
amended, including the following:

3.6.1. Installing ramps.

3.6.2. Making curb cuts in sidewalks
and entrance.

3.6.3. Repositioning shelves.

3.6.4. Rearrranging tables, chairs,
vending machines, display
racks, and other furniture.

3.6.5. Repositioning telephones.

3.6.6. Adding raised markings on ele-
vator control buttons.

3.6.7. Installing flashing alarm lights.

3.6.8. Widening doors.

3.6.9. Installing offset hinges to widen
doorways.

3.6.10. Eliminating a turnstile or pro-
viding an alternative accessible
path.

3.6.11. Installing accessible door hard-
ware.

3.6.12. Installing grab bars in toilet
stalls.

3.6.13. Rearranging toilet partitions to
increase maneuvering space.

3.6.14. Insulating lavatory pipes under
sinks to prevent burns.

3.6.15. Installing a raised toilet seat.

3.6.16. Installing a full-length bathroom
mirror

3.6.17. Repositioning the paper towel
dispenser in a bathroom.

3.6.18. Creating designated accessible
parking spaces.

3.6.19. Installing an accessible paper
cup dispenser at an existing in-
accessible water fountain.

3.6.20. Removing high-pile, low-density
carpeting.

3.6.21. Installing vehicle hand controls.

3.7. Altering existing parking lots by resurfac-
ing and/or restriping.

4. Projects which consist only of heating, ventilation,
air conditioning, reroofing, electrical work not in-
volving placement of switches and receptacles,
cosmetic work that does not affect items regulated
by this code, such as painting, equipment not con-
sidered to be apart of the architecture of the build-
ing or area, such as computer terminals, office
equipment, etc., are not considered alteration pro-
jects for the purposes of accessibility for persons
with disabilities and shall not be subject to this
code unless they affect the usability of the building
or facility. For the purposes of this section, the
term "construction cost" does not include build-
ing permit fees or discretionary permit fees.

The only purpose of this exception is to exclude
projects from activating the provisions of this sec-
tion. The exceptions are not intended to relieve
projects from complying with other applicable
provisions of this code (e.g., replacement of carpet
does not activate the provisions of this section;
however, it still must comply with Section
1124B.3).

11348.2,2 Where it is technically infeasible in the area of an
alteration to make existing toilet facilities code compliant
and to install separate toilet facilities for each sex, then the
installation of at least one unisex toilet/facility per floor
being altered, located in the same area as existing toilet
facilities, will be permitted. Such a facility shall meet the
requirements of Section 1115B.3.2.

SECTION 11 35B

HISTORIC PRESERVATION— SPECIAL STANDARDS

OF ACCESSIBILITY FOR BUILDINGS WITH

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

1135B.1 General. Qualified historical buildings shall comply
with the State Historical Building Code, Part 8, Title 24, of the
California Code of Regulations.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

473

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

CENTERLINE

FIXTURE

4" MAX.

SINGLE-ACCOMMODATION
TOILET FACILITY

ACCESSIBLE WATER CLOSET COMPARTMENT

WITHIN A MULTIPLE-ACCOMMODATION TOILET FACILITY

ALL DISPENSERS
40" MAX TO
HIGHEST
OPERABLE PART—

54" MIN

42" f

GRAB BAR 'MAX

12"

MAX'

,12"

36" MAX

36" MIN

GRAB BAR

TRANSFER
SIDE

SIDE WALL ELEVATION

* REAR GRAB BAR
ALLOWED AT 36" A.F.F.
AT TANK-TYPE TOILET

REAR WALL ELEVATION

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11B-1 A

474

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

FLUSH
ACTIVATOR
ON WIDE
SIDE

59" MIN.AT

FLOOR-MOUNTED W.C.
WHEN DOOR SWINGS IN

56" MIN.AT

WALL-MOUNTED W.C.
WHEN DOOR SWINGS IN

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION'

FIGURE 1 1B-IB— MULTIPLE-ACCOWIMODATION TOILET FACILITY

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

475

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11B-1C— TYPICAL GRAB BAR SECTION

476

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

KNEE CLEARANCE
8" MIN.

TOE CLEARANCE*
6" MAX.

CLEAR
FLOOR
SPACE

17" MIN.

SIDE ELEVATION

* Note: If a minimum 9 inches
height of toe clearance is
provided, a maximum of 6 Inches
of the 48 inches of clear floor
space required at the fixture may
extend into the toe space.

19" MAX.

17" MIN.

48" MIN.

= UJ

5 o

00 p

PLAN VIEW

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-1D— KNEE CLEARANCE

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

477

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

CENTERLINE OF
HAND-HELD SPRAYER
MOUNTING BRACKET

60" MiN

FACE OF FINISH

(a) 60" MINIMUM X 30" MINIMUM ROLL-IN SHOWER

BACK /CONTROL WALL
(b) ELEVATION - 60" MINIMUM X 30" MINIMUM ROLL-IN SHOWER

FIGURE 11 B-2A— SHOWER STALLS

(continued)

478

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

CENTERLINE OF
HAND-HELD SPRAYER

MOUNTING BRACKET — ^

BACK WALL

"^ ■ ' 't -^

i \

U- .», J

-ik-

""N-v^ 1/2" MAX
^.'^'^^V/ THRESHOLD

o (^

-3

( ^

S 50

•

FOLDING
SEAT

r\.

/ ^\

. ,

SIDE /CONTROL WALL '

FRONT /SEAT
WALL

24" MIN

36" MIN

' OPENING ^

-1

T-hr

60" MIN

(a) 60" MININUM X 36" ALTERNATE ROLL-IN SHOWER

27" MAX

x-f

V- FOLDING
SEAT

CONTROL AREA

SIDE /CONTROL WALL

(b) ELEVATION -60"

X 36" ALTERNATE ROLL-IN SHOWER

FIGURE 11B-2B— SHOWER STALLS— continued

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

479

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

CENTERLINE OF
HAND-HELD SPRAYER
MOUNTING BRACKET •

60" MIN

FACE OF FINISH

J. 27" MAX

BACK /CONTROL WALL

1/2" MAX
THRESHOLD

OPTIONAL
ENCLOSURE •

(a) 60" MINIMUM X 36" MINIMUM ALTERNATE ROLL-IN SHOWER
WITH OFTiONAL ENCLOSURE

BACK /CONTROL WALL

(b) ELEVATION - 60" MINIMUM X 36" MINIMUM ALTERNATE ROLL-IN SHOWER
WITH OPTIONAL ENCLOSURE

FIGURE 11B-2C— SHOWER STALLS— continued

480

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

7=-!'-

23" MAX

r'MINTO
1-1/2" MAX

16" MAX

FOLDING SEAT

FIGURE 11 B-2D— SHOWER SEAT

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

481

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

( a )ALCOVE INSTALLATION

* 36" MIN. IF WING WALL
DEPTH IS >24"

(b) NONALCOVE WING WALL INSTALLATION

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11 B-3A^DRINKING FOUNTAINS

(continued)

482

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

* EQUIPMENT PERMITTED IN SHADED AREA

SPOUT HEIGHT AND KNEE CLEARANCE
AT DRINKING FOUNTAINS

48" MIN.

** AT ALCOVES DEEPER THAN 24"
ADDITIONAL 6" MANEUVERING
CLEARANCE IS REQUIRED.

■ SEECBC1118B.4, ITEM2.

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE
AT DRINKING FOUNTAIN ALCOVES

FIGURE 11B-3B— DRINKING FOUNTAINS— continued

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

483

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

ANY WIDTH

OPTIONAL

POST&

BASE

■T^r-

~1'

I CLEAR

I FLOOR

SPACE

L 48"MIN

ELEVATION

PLAN

SIDE REACH POSSIBLE

SEE PLAN VIEWS

1X1

m
on
O

■ OPTIONAL
POST&
BASE

jL^

U _Jr

I I

30" MIN

-1^iF='-^r

I I

30" MIN

ELEVATION

PLAN

* HEIGHT TO HIGHEST OPERABLE
PARTS WHICH ARE ESSENTIAL TO
BASIC OPERATION OF TELEPHONE.

FORWARD REACH REQUIRED

FIGURE 11B-4— MOUNTING HEIGHTS AND CLEARANCES FOR TELEPHONES

484

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

in Di

'_J

Jx=Tt

48"

( a ) CLEAR FLOOR SPACE IN ALCOVES

[ffflffll

a:
O

Hi
DC
O

ft>C^->^

30"

48"

12"

NOTE: IF X > 24 INCHES, THEN AN
ADDITIONAL MANEUVERING CLEARANCE OF
6 INCHES SHALL BE PROVIDED AS SHOWN.

NOTE: IF X>15 INCHES, THEN AN
ADDITIONAL MANEUVERING CLEARANCE OF
12 INCHES SHALL BE PROVIDED AS SHOWN.

( b ) ADDITIONAL MANEUVERING CLEARANCE FOR ALCOVES

|=rQj^

z-^vt^

o
CO

^^^

=sf

_^Q3jL-m

48"

{ c ) CLEAR FLOOR SPACE

( d ) FORWARD APPROACH

( e ) PARALLEL APPROACH

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11 B-5A— MINIMUM CLEAR FLOOR SPACE FOR WHEELCHAIRS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

485

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

32" CLEAR

CLEAR OPENINGS MUST BE BETWEEN
THE DOOR IN ITS 90° OPENING POSITION
AND THE FACE OF THE STOP

STOP-
(a) SINGLE DOOR

32" CLEAR

CLEAR OPENINGS FOR TWO LEAF DOORS
MUST BE BETWEEN EITHER DOOR IN ITS
90° OPEN POSITION AND THE EDGE
OF THE OTHER DOOR.

;b) DOUBLE DOOR

AN ADULT SIZE WHEELCHAIR AVERAGES 27 INCHES
IN WIDTH. THE REQUIRED 32 INCH CLEAR OPENING
ALLOWS 2-1/2 INCHES ON EACH SIDE FOR HANDS.

[c) PASSAGE CLEARANCE

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11B-5B— DOOR WIDTH

486

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

48"

( a ) HIGH FORWARD REACH LIMIT

NOTE:

X SHALL BE LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 25 INCHES. Z SHALL BE GREATER
THAN OR EQUAL TO X. WHEN X IS LESS THAN 20 INCHES, THEN Y SHALL
BE 48 INCHES MAXIMUM. WHEN X IS 20 TO 25 INCHES, THEN Y SHALL BE
44 INCHES MAXIMUM.

{ b ) MAXIMUM FORWARD REACH OVER AN OBSTRUCTION

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11 B-5C— FORWARD REACH

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

487

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

10" MAX

( a ) CLEAR FLOOR SPACE PARALLEL APPROACH

( b ) HIGH AND LOW SIDE REACH LIMITS

( c ) MAXIMUM SIDE REACH OVER OBSTRUCTION

( d ) SHELVES

;e) CLOSETS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11B-5D— SIDE REACH

488

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

36" MIN.

48" OR GREATER

(a)90°TURN

fy\

('V^^^

42" MIN.

♦

LESS THAN 48"

1/4" MAX

( c ) CHANGE IN LEVEL

1/4" TO 1/2"

rw/.

b ) TURNS AROUND AN OBSTRUCTION

{ d ) CHANGE IN LEVEL

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11B-5E— WIDTH OF ACCESSIBLE ROUTE

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

489

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

24" MAX.

( d ) ATM REACH RANGE LIMITS

CORRESPONDING REACH HEIGHTS
FOR GIVEN DEPTHS :

WHEN

10"

LESS, 1-

= 54" MAX

WHEN

10"

53.5"

MAX.

WHEN

12"

53.0"

MAX.

WHEN

13"

52.5"

MAX.

WHEN

14"

51.5"

MAX.

WHEN

15"

51.0"

MAX.

WHEN

16"

50.5"

MAX.

WHEN

17"

50.0"

MAX.

WHEN

18"

49.5"

MAX.

WHEN

19"

49.0"

MAX.

WHEN

20"

48.5"

MAX.

WHEN

21"

47.5"

MAX.

WHEN

22"

47.0"

MAX.

WHEN

23"

46.5"

MAX.

WHEN

24"

46.0"

MAX.

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE 11B-5F— ATM REACH RANGE LIMITS

490

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

/"^^

■

/ 2_

i ^

\_^

7 1

\ ■

■--p-— -^

( a ) SYMBOL PROPORTIONS

( b ) DISPLAY CONDITIONS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-6— INTERNATIONAL ACCESSIBILITY SYMBOL

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

491

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

4" MAX.

Lll CM

CD <

ANY
AMOUNT

Oo
r^ uu

CM CO

WALKING PARALLEL TO A WALL

CANE RANGE
WALKING PERPENDICULAR TO WALL

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

OF THESE REGUb\TIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-7A— PROTRUDING OBJECTS

492

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

POST OR PYLON

THIS OVERHANG CAN BE

GREATER THAN 12" BECAUSE •

NO ONE CAN APPROACH THE
OBJECT FROM THIS DIRECTION.

PLAN

POST OR PYLON

CANE HITS POST OR PYLON
BEFORE PERSON HITS OBJECT

ELEVATION

FIGURE 11 B-7B— OBJECTS MOUNTED ON POSTS OR PYLONS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

493

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

GREATER THAN 12"

n:-z:iz±jz^43f

GREATER THAN 12"

PLAN ELEVATION

FREE-STANDING OVERHANGING OBJECTS

PROTECT SHADED AREA
FROM CROSS-TRAFFIC

CANE DETECTION AREA

OVERHEAD HAZARDS

FIGURE 11 B-7C— OVERHANGING AND OVERHEAD HAZARDS

494

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

WING WALLS

DOWN TO FLOOR

ADDITIONAL PROTECTION
NOT REQUIRED BETWEEN
WING WALLS

PROTRUDING OBJECTS
HANGING ON WALL
WITH LEADING EDGES
ABOVE 27"

WING WALLS

DOWN TO FLOOR

4" MAX. . . 32" MIN.CLR WIDTH

POINT PASSAGE

36" WIN CLR

CONTINUOUS
PASSAGE

CORRIDOR OR OTHER
CIRCULATION SPACE

PLAN

EXAMPLE OF PROTECTION AROUND WALL-MOUNTED OBJECTS
AND MEASUREMENTS OF CLEAR WIDTHS

FIGURE 11B-7D— PROTECTION AROUND WALL-MOUNTED OBJECTS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

495

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

LONG DIMENSION
PERPENDICULAR TO
PEDESTRIAN ROUTE

PLAN

PREDOMINANT DIRECTION OF
PEDESTRIAN ROUTE

1/2" MAX. OPENING

SECTION A- A THROUGH GRATE
( a ) GRATE ORIENTATION TO PATH OF TRAVEL

( b ) CARPET PILE THICKNESS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-7E

496

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

CLEAR
FLOOR
SPACE

60" MIN.

9tj

■N

J ' —

}

1 1 I.

CLEAR
FLOOR
SPACE

60" MIN.

[a) WITH SEAT IN TUB

' b ) WITH SEAT IN TUB

: c ) WITH SEAT AT HEAD OF TUB

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-8— CLEAR FLOOR SPACE AT BATHTUBS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

497

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

24'

CONTROL

AREA -^

MIN

t^ d> "

|V 1 a

1 ^

I /

FOOT

CO
CO

12"
VIAX.

n 1?

24"

. 24".

MIN

MAX.

(=> <^

I °l

BACK

12"

€=3

\ f n

SEAT

HEAD

a) WITH SEAT IN TUB

CONTROL
AREA

FOOT

BACK

HEAD

b) WITH SEAT AT HEAD OF TUB

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-9— GRAB BARS AT BATHTUBS

498

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

LU
CD

60" MIN.

FIGURE 11 B-10— MINIMUM CLEAR WIDTH FOR
SINGLE WHEELCHAIR

FIGURE 11B-11— MINIMUM CLEAR WIDTH FOR
TWO WHEELCHAIRD

36" MIN.

12"

MlN.

MIN.

— 1

°^

(a) 60 INCHES DIAMETER SPACE

(b) T-SHAPED SPACE FOR 180° TURNS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-1 2— WHEELCHAIR TURNING SPACE

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

499

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

ACCESSIBLE PATH OF TRAVEL

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-13— MINIMUM CLEARANCES FOR SEATING AND TABLE

500

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

FIGURE 11B-14A— INTERNATIONAL TTY SYMBOL

FIGURE 11B-1 48— VOLUME CONTROL TELEPHONES

FIGURE 11 B-14C— INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESS FOR HEARING LOSS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE
INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

501

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

FRONT
ACCESS

66" MIN.

REAR
ACCESS

(a) FORWARD OR REAR ACCESS

66" MIN.

SIDE

ACCESS

AISLE

.1 J_

(b)SIDE ACCESS

J SIDE
^ ACCESS
AISLE

NOTE:

EACH INDIVIDUAL SEATING POSITION HAS AN
EGRESS ROUTE WHICH DOES NOT CROSS
THROUGH OTHER SEATING POSITIONS.

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGUUTIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-15— SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR WHEELCHAIR SEATING

502

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

FIGURE 11B-16— FOOD SERVICE LINES

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-1 7— TABLEWARE AREAS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

503

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

-WHEEL STOP

PEDESTRIAN ROUTE

70 SQ. INCH
ACCESSIBILITY SIGN
PERSEC.1129B.4

DIMENSION
TO CENTERLINE
OF STRIPE

WITHIN THE LOADING AND
UNLOADING ACCESS AISLE
PAINT THE WORDS "NO

PARKING" IN 12" HIGH
LETTERS MIN.

TYP PAVEMENT
SYMBOL PER
SEC.1129B.4

DIMENSION
TO CENTERLINE
OF STRIPE

5'-0"MIN. AT
ACCESSIBLE
PARKING STALL
8'-0"MIN. AT VAN
ACCESSIBLE
PARKING STALL

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-18A— DOUBLE PARKING STALLS

504

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

WHEEL STOP

70 SQ. INCH

ACCESSIBILITY SIGN

PER SEC. 1129B.4

PEDESTRIAN ROUTE

TYP. PAVEMENT
SYMBOL PER.
SEC. 1129B.4

DIMENSION
TO CENTERLINE
OF STRIPE

WITHIN THE LOADING AND
UNLOADING ACCESS AISLE
PAINT THE WORDS "NO
PARKING" IN 12" HIGH
LETTERS MIN.

5'-0" MIN. AT TYP.
ACCESSIBLE
PARKING STALL
8'-0" MIN. AT VAN
ACCESSIBLE
PARKING STALL

FIGURE 11 B-18B— SINGLE PARKING STALLS

70 SQ. INCH

ACCESSIBILITY SIGN

PERSEC. 1129B.4

TYP. PAVEMENT
SYMBOL PER
SEC. 1129B.4

FACE OF
CURB

DIMENSION ■^
TO CENTERLINE
OF STRIPE

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

5'-0" MIN. AT TYP.
ACCESSIBLE
PARKING STALL
8'-0" MIN. AT VAN
ACCESSIBLE
PARKING STALL

WITHIN THE LOADING AND
UNLOADING ACCESS AISLE
PAINT THE WORDS "NO
PARKING" IN 12" HIGH
LETTERS MIN.

FIGURE 11B-18C— DIAGONAL PARKING STALLS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

505

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

12" MIN. BORDER
GROOVES AT 3/4" O.C.
REFER TO GROOVING
DETAIL AND SEC. 1127B.5,ITEM 6

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS,
SEE SECTION 1127B.5, ITEM 7

CURB AND GUTTER

R j3 % MAX._

RAMP

DRAIN

SECTION A-A

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-19A— CURB DETAILS

506

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICL Y FUNDED HOUSING

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS,
SEE SECTION 11 27B.5, ITEM 7

CURB AND GUTTER

12" MIN. BORDER
GROOVES AT 3/4" O.C.
REFER TO GROOVING
CASE AND SEC. 1127B.5, ITEM 6

SEE FIGURE 11 B-19A

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-19B— CURB DETAIL

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

507

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

48"

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS,
SEE SECTION 1127B.5, ITEM 7

SEE GROOVING
DETAIL
FIGURE 11 B-20D

8.33% MAX.

48" MIN.

2% MAX.

SECTION B-B

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-19C— CURB DETAIL

508

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

SEE SEC. 1127B.5, ITEM 6

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS,
SEE SECTION 1127B.5, ITEM 7

FULL CURB
HEIGHT

10% MAX.

AT CURB

CASE A

RETAINING CURB IF
NECESSARY AT BACK
OF SIDEWALK

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS,
SEE SECTION 1127B.5, ITEM 7

CASEB

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-20A— CURB DETAIL— CASES A AND B

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

509

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS,
SEE SECTION 1127B.5, ITEM 7

I-
w
w
us

8.33% ^
MAX.

48"

MIN.

■ RETAINING CURB
IF NECESSARY AT
EDGE OF SIDEWALK

■ SEE SEC. 1127B.5, ITEM 6

CASEC
SIDEWALK LESS THAN 60" WIDE

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS,
SEE SECTION 1127B.5, ITEM 7

SEE SEC. 1127B.5, ITEM 6

r- FRONT
EDGE OF
SIDEWALK

CASED

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-20B— CURB DETAIL— CASES C AND D

510

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS,
SEE SECTION 1127B.5, ITEM 7

SEESEC. HaTB.S.ITEMe-

CROSSWALK

f— 12" MIN. BORDER

GROOVES AT 3/4" O.C.

2% MAX.

48" MIN.

0"or

GREATER

10% MAX. SIDES
AT CURB

V ;

CASEE

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS,
SEE SECTION 1127B.5, ITEM 7

PLANTING AREA

^AorBJ

pSEESEC1127B.5. 1TEM.6
I I- FRONT

EDGE OF
SIDEWALK

CASEF

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-20C— CURB DETAIL— CASES E AND F

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

511

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS,
SEE SECTION 11278.5, ITEM 7

SEE SEC. 1127B.5.10

CASEG

1/4"
— ^->.

1/4"

-APPROX. 3/4"

GROOVING DETAIL
CASEH

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-20D— CURB DETAIL— CASES G AND H

512

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

SLOPE = Y:X
Y WHERE X ISA
LEVEL PLANE

Wm^m^^MmP777777777^777777777Zm^/.

WALK

STREET

MEASUREMENT OF CURB RAMP SLOPES

TOP OF RAMP

8.33% MAX.

48" MIN.

2% MAX.

SECTION A-A

TOP OF RAMP

CURB IF
NECESSARY

SECTION B-B
DEPRESS ENTIRE SIDEWALK AS REQUIRED

RETAINING

2% MAX.

CURB IF
NECESSARY

SECTION C-C

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-20E— CURB SECTIONS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

513

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

PLANTING OR OTHER
NONWALKING SURFACE

FOR DETECTABLE WARNING
REQUIREMENTS AT CURB RAMPS
SEE SECTION 1127B.5, ITEM 7

(a)

•1:20 MAX.

(b)

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-21— RETURNED CURB STYLE

514

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

T- ^\

■a

■=;

:a)

(X.

SEGMENT OF
STRAIGHT CURB

:b)

48"
MIN

-SEGMENT OF
STRAIGHT CURB
I

7~\

_V1.

WELL DEFINED
EDGEx^J

^^^aE=^

r^ra

% LJ

(c)

(d:

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-22— CURB RAMPS AT MARKED CROSSING

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

515

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

(Q) @ (Q) (Q)

P © (Q) ©

_\(p) (d)4)

Cr^ A

1.67"

I u ] vy

APPROX.

^ r^^ r^ r?:\

(O; V^ v^ vij;

(O) (O) (O)

^ (7^ r?^ r?:\

V ^

A—^i

) \^

2.35"

> -

.45"

APART

AT TOP

.9"
AT BASE

TYPICAL PLAN

.2" HT

_y~

. TAPERED
EDGES WHERE
EXPOSED

TYPICAL SECTION A-A

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-23A— TRUNCATED DOMES

516

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

\ f^

<t>

\^^

■X-

1 \^

1.5"

3.0"

.9" WIDTH

TYP. TYP. APART '

AT TOP

"^NOTE:

INDUSTRY
\RD FOR OVERALL ~^

1.3" WIDTH

STANDy

AT BASE

BAR LENGTH IS
11 -1/4" TO 11 -1/2"

TYPICAL PLAN

.2 HT

/ \

TAPERED
EDGES WHERE
EXPOSED

TYPICAL SECTION A-A

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-23B— DIRECTIONAL BARS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

517

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

240" MiN.

§5

:2Z

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-24— ACCESS AISLE AT PASSENGER LOADING ZONES

518

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

DOOR

PRESSURE FROM
DOOR OPENER

BUMP AT RAISED THRESHOLD
BLOCKS SMALL WHEELS

SMOOTH POLISHED FLOOR
PREVENTS TRACTION ON
MOVING WHEELS

PROBLEM: THE CONDITION SHOWN
ABOVE OFTEN MAKES ROOMS
INACCESSIBLE TO WHEELCHAIRS

INADEQUATELY ANCHORED DOOR
MATS INTERFERE WITH
WHEELCHAIR TRAFFIC

DOOR MAT-

FIRM. FLUSH MOUNTED MATS
ARE PREFERABLE

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGUU\TIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 118-25— OBSTRUCTIONS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

519

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

CLEAR AT EXTERIOR DOORS

CLEAR AT INTERIOR DOORS

PROVIDE THIS
ADDITIONAL SPACE
IF DOOR IS EQUIPPED
WITH BOTH A LATCH
AND A CLOSER

36" MIN.

;a) FRONT APPROACH

NOTE:

48" MINIMUM IF DOOR
HAS BOTH A LATCH
AND A CLOSER

( b ) HINGE APPROACH

^ NOTE: ALL DOORS IN ALCOVES SHALL COMPLY WITH THE CLEARANCES FOR FRONT APPROACHES.

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-26A— LEVEL MANEUVERING CLEARANCE AT DOORS

(continued)

520

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

NOTE;

48" MINIMUM IF DOOR

HAS A CLOSER

NOTE: ALL DOORS IN ALCOVES SHALL COMPLY WITH THE CLEARANCES FOR FRONT APPROACHES.

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-26B— LEVEL MANEUVERING CLEARANCE AT DOORS— continued

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

521

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

FACE OF
CURB —

STREET

48" MIN.

SIDEWALK
36" MIN.

CLEAR

FACE OF
CURB —

POLE

STREET

48" MIN.

SIDEWALK
^ 36" MIN.

CLEAR

( a ) SIDEWALK OBSTRUCTIONS

(b)GUIDERAIL

12" MIN.

GUIDE RAIL
CENTERED AT
3" + 1" HIGH

F-'

GUIDE RAIL DETAIL

HANDRAIL

TO SUIT
DESIGN

WHEEL GUIDE DETAIL

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-27—FtAMPS AND SIDEWALKS

522

2007 CALIFOFINIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-28— OVERHANGING OBSTRUCTION

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

523

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

10" MIN. BOTTOM RAIL

RUBBER BUMPER ON CHAIR

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-29— DOOR CONSTRUCTION

524

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

(a) DOOR IN SERIES

PROVIDE THIS
ADDITIONAL SPACE
IF DOOR IS EQUIPPED
WITH BOTH A LATCH
AND A CLOSER

( b ) BOTH DOORS OPEN OUT
(SERVING OTHER THAN A REQUIRED EXIT STAIRWAY)

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-30— VESTIBULE

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

525

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

{ a ) DOORS AT ADJACENT WALLS

( b ) DOORS AT OPPOSITE WALLS

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-31— VESTIBULE
(SERVING OTHER THAN REQUIRED EXIT STAIRWAY)

5i26

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

1/4"

1/2" MAX.
Ari:2 SLOPE

COMPRESSED CARPET
1/4" MAX. BELOW
THRESHOLD

FINISH FLOOR EVEN

\./

THRESHOLD

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-32— THRESHOLDS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

527

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

18"min.

TT^

X>8"

( a ) PULL SIDE (INTERIOR DOOR)

NOTE: PROVIDE BUMPER IN
POCKET TO PREVENT
DOOR FROM FULLY
RECEDING

32" MIN.

(b) SLIDING DOOR

32" MIN.

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-33— CLEAR DOOR WIDTH AND DEPTH

528

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICL Y FUNDED HOUSING

44"

60" WIIN.

MINIMUM CORRIDOR WIDTH

MINIMUM WIDTH FOR
CORRIDORS OVER 200

60"

44"

16"

■*

•*

44"

PASSING ALCOVES FOR CORRIDORS OVER
200' IN LIEU OF 60" MIN. WIDTH

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-34— CORRIDOR OVER 200 FEET (60 960 mm)

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

529

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

1 1/2" MAX.

60" MiN.

1 1/2" MAX.

STAIRS

12" MIN.

12" PLUS TREAD
WIDTH MIN.

2" MiN. 4" MAX.-
1" MAX.-

T= TREAD WIDTH

* NOTE:

EXTERIOR STAIRS
ALL TREADS ARE
TO HAVE WARNING
STRIPES PER
SEC. 11338.4.4

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-35— WARNING STRIPING AND HANDRAIL EXTENSIONS

530

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

1-1/4"

1-1/2" MAX.

3" MAX.

.1-1/2"

1-1/2"

NOMINAL DIA.-

1-1/4" MIN.

1-1/2" MAX.

1-1/2"

(d;

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-36— STAIR HANDRAILS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

531

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PU$LICLY FUNDED HOUSING

LANDING

/f^

DOWN

LANDING

12" MIN.

-12" MIN

■INNER HANDRAIL

■1-1/2"

NOTE ; INNER HANDRAIL AT LANDINGS OF
STAIRS THAT DOUBLE BACK OR IMMEDIATELY
TURN SHALL BE CONTINUOUS AND SHALL NOT
EXTEND INTO LANDING OR PATH OF TRAVEL.

X : EXTENSION OF HANDRAIL SHALL BE EQUAL
TO THE TREAD WIDTH PLUS 1 2 INCHES.

INNER HANDRAIL-

12"
MIN.

LANDING

DOWN

LANDING

DOWN

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-37— STAIR HANDRAILS

12'

MIN.

532

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

NOTE: 1

WHEN DOOR SWINGS
ONTO LANDING 42"
PLUS DOOR WIDTH

60" MIN.

WHEN NO DOOR SWINGS

ONTO LANDING

NOTE: 2

MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE OF EACH
RAMP AND RUN VARY

TOP PLATFORM

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL PLATFORM

• BOTTOM LEVEL PLATFORM

(a)STRAIGHTRAMPRUN

NOTE: 2

MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE OF EACH
RAMP AND RUN VARY

NOTE: 1

WHEN DOOR SWINGS
ONTO LANDING 42" MIN
PLUS DOOR WIDTH

60" MIN.

WHEN NO DOOR SWINGS

ONTO LANDING •

TOP PLATFORM

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL PLATFORM
INTERMEDIATE TURNING PLATFORM

( b ) RAMP WITH TURNING PLATFORM

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11 B-38— RAMP DIMENSIONS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

533

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

WHEN DOOR SWINGS
ONTO LANDING -
42" MIN. PLUS DOOR
WIDTH

WHEN NO DOOR
SWINGS ONTO
LANDING

NOTE: MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCES
OF EACH RAMP AND RUN VARY,

( a ) RAMP WITH INTERMEDIATE SWITCH BACK PLATFORM

24"

EXTERIOR AND

18" MIN. INTERIOR BEYOND
THE STRIKE EDGE OF A
GATE OR DOOR ON THE
SIDE TOWARD WHICH IT
SWINGS

( b ) RAMP LANDING AT DOORWAY

THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND ARE INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-39— RAMP LANDING AND DOORWAY

534

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICL Y FUNDED HOUSING

Cleaner Air

FIGURE 11B-40— CLEANER AIR SYMBOL

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

535

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

* ALTERNATE LOCATION
OF PANEL WITH SIDE-
OPENING DOOR

(a) SIDE OPENING DOOR

* ALTERNATE LOCATION
OF PANEL WITH CENTER-
OPENING DOOR

80" M

•

Mi^

36" MIN.

■

(b) CENTER OPENING DOOR

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-40A— MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF ELEVATOR CARS

536

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

.NUMERAL HEIGHT

3/4" MIN.

PLACE STAR
ON LEFT

SIDE OF MAIN EXIT
FLOOR NUMBER

DOOR OPEN

EMERGENCY
ALARM

3/8" MIN.
SEPARATION

DOOR CLOSED

EMERGENCY STOP
(OCTAGONAL SYMBOL
SHALL BE RAISED BUT
THE 'X' IS NOT)

(a) ELEVATOR CONTROL PANEL DETAIL

CONTROL PANEL

SEE (a)

■\

RAIL

LL.

■

2 <

c LU

S9
CO

1-1/2"
MIN.

CM
CO

V//////////////^^^^^^

(b) MAXIMUM INSTALLATION HEIGHTS ABOVE CAB FLOOR

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
OF THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID
FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-40B— ELEVATOR CONTROL PANEL

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

537

ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLICLY FUNDED HOUSING

FLOOR LANDING
NUMBERS ON
BOTH SIDES OF
DOOR JAMB ~

CALL
BUTTON

HALL LANTERN

NOTE:

THE AUTOMATIC DOOR REOPENING DEVICE IS ACTIVATED IF AN OBJECT BASSES
THROUGH EITHER LINE A OR LINE B. LINE A AND LINE B REPRESENT THE VERTICAL
LOCATION OF THE DOOR REOPENING DEVICE NOT REQUIRING CONTACT

FIGURE 11B-40C— HOISTWAY AND ELEVATOR ENTRANCES

a
z
o
o
ai

ACCEPTABLE

/•

5 6

12 14 16

D DISTANCE IN FEET

THIS DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF
THESE REGULATIONS AND IS INTENDED ONLY AS AN AID FOR
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.

FIGURE 11B-40D— GRAPH OF TIMING EQUATION

538

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

CHAPTER 11C-STANDARDS FOR CARD READERS AT

GASOLINE FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

GEO

SLG

1/AC

Adopt Entire Caiifornia Ctiapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections iisted beiow)

Adopt oniy tliose sections that are
iisted beiow

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

539

540 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 11 C

STANDARDS FOR CARD READERS AT GASOLINE
FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES

SECTION 1101C

CARD-READER DEVICES AT FUEL-DISPENSING

EQUIPMENT

IIOIC.I General. Notwithstanding other requirements in the
California Building Code, only the requirements and addi-
tional definitions in this section shall apply to card-reading
devices in motor vehicle fuel facilities, except that administra-
tive requirements which are found in Chapter 1 still apply.

For purposes of this section, the following additional defini-
tions shall apply:

ACCESSIBLE. See Chapter llA, Section 1107A.1-A and
Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

ACCESSIBLE ELEMENT. See Chapter IIB, Section 1I02B.

ALTERNATE CARD READER shall be defined in this sec-
tion as functionally equal card reader and control directly
attached to or an integral part of the fuel dispenser in addition
to the primary card reader, which is an integral part of the dis-
penser

FREE-STANDING PEDESTAL is a card-reading device
which controls one or more remote fuel dispensers that have no
card readers as an integral part of the fuel dispenser.

GRADE (Adjacent Ground Elevation). See Chapter 2, Sec-
tion 202.

INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESSIBILITY. See

Chapter 11 A, Section 1107A.9-I and Chapter IIB, Section
1102B.

LEVEL ACCESSIBLE AREA, for the purpose of this section,
shall mean a slope of not more than 2 percent in front of the dis-
pensing device; however, the slope may extend to 5 percent
where the enforcing authority determines that, due to unusual
site conditions, the 2-percent gradient is not obtainable.

LEVEL AREA. See Chapter llA, Section 1107A.12-L and
Chapter IIB, Section 1102B.

PATH OF TRAVEL shall include the clearance requirements
stated in Chapter 1 IB for wheelchair passage widths, and rela-
tionships of maneuvering clearances to wheelchair spaces,
except that pump nozzles and hoses may overlap required
clearances.

RECOMMEND. See Chapter 2, Section 202.

TYPE OF MOTOR FUEL shall mean gasoline, diesel, com-
pressed natural gas, methanol, electricity or ethanol

SECTION 1102C
APPLICATION

This section shall apply to equipment located at the follow-
ing facilities:

1. New motor vehicle fuel facilities.

2. Existing motor vehicle fuel facilities built before the ef-
fective date of this section where:

2.1. Remodeling or reconstruction includes removal
and replacement of one or more islands and as-
sociated piping and tank(s); or

2.2. Remodeling includes reconstruction or removal
and replacement of fuel islands at facilities that
provide free-standing pedestal card readers.

SECTION 11 03C

NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE CARD-READING

DEVICES REQUIRED

Where only one card-reading device is installed for use with
any type of motor fuel, it shall meet the required features of this
section. When more than one card-reading location is avail-
able for a specific type of motor fuel, a minimum of two for that
type shall have the accessible features of this section.

SECTION 11 04C
REQUIRED FEATURES

Card-reading devices at motor vehicle fuel facilities shall be
accessible by complying with only the following:

1. The highest operable part of each primary or alternate
card reader shall be no more than 54 inches (1372 mm)
measuredfrom the base of the fuel dispenser. Where card
readers are located on free-standing pedestals, the
card-reading control function shall be no more than 54
inches (1372 mm) above an accessible level area which
is served by an accessible path of travel.

Exception: If an enforcing agency requires that fuel
dispensers or card-reading devices be placed in a
manner where the card-reading device exceeds the
requirements described herein, the provisions of Sec-
tion 1104C do not apply. Any enforcing agency hav-
ing jurisdiction over retail fueling facilities may not
require islands or impose other regulations which
conflict with this section, unless the agency docu-
ments and justifies the specific necessity for such a
rule or ordinance and complies with the requirements
of Health and Safety Code Section 18941.

2. An accessible path of travel shall be provided to the base
of all fuel dispensers required to meet the provisions of
this section. Such fuel dispensers shall be mounted on the
accessible level area.

3. An accessible level area shall be provided, which is mini-
mally 30 inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) level
and clear. This area shall be provided within 10 inches
(254 mm) in plan view of the face of the controls and shall
be unobstructed by any features, except pump nozzles

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

541

STANDARDS FOR CARD READERS AT GASOLINE FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES

and hoses, with the long side of this space parallel to and
centered [plus or minus 9 inches (229 mm)] with the face
of the card-reader controls. See Figures llC-1 and
llC-2.

SECTION 11 05C

PROTECTION OF DISPENSERS

MOUNTED AT GRADE

Dispensers mounted at grade shall be protected from vehic-
ular damage as required by Part 9, Title 24 (California Fire
Code).

542 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

STANDARDS FOR CARD READERS AT GASOLINE FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES

MAXIMUM CENTERUNE HEIGHT OF
TOP KEYS AND CARD SLOT OR
ALTERNATE CONTROLS ATTACHED
TO OR WITHIN THE FUEL DISPENSER

Obstruction

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 11C-1
CARD READERS MOUNTED IN FUEL DISPENSERS

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

543

STANDARDS FOR CARD READERS AT GASOLINE FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES

MAXIMUM CENTERUNE HEIGHT OF
r-l OPERABLE CONTROLS LOCATED
ON FREE-STANDING PEDESTALS

10" max.
reach depth

Level Accessible Area

FRONT ELEVATION

SIDE ELEVATION

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 11 C-2
CARD READERS LOCATED ON FREE-STANDING PEDESTALS

544

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 12 - INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

♦

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
iisted beiow)

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

♦

Chapter / Section

Codes

1203.1

1203.3.1.1

1203.3.2

IBC

1203.3.2
Item 4

1203.3.2
Exc. 6

1203.4

IBC

1203.5

IBC

1204.1w/Excs.

1205.1

IBC

1205.6

1207

1208.1

IBC

1208.2

1208.2.1

1208.4

IBC

1209.1.1

1211

1224

1225

1226

1227

1230

1231

1235

1236

1237

1240

1241

1242

1243

1250

1251

1252

1253

1254

The ♦ designation indicates tliat the Office of the State Fire Marshal's adoption of this chapter or
individual sections is applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 or DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

545

546 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 12

INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

SECTION 1201
GENERAL

1201.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern ven-
tilation, temperature control, lighting, yards and courts, sound
transmission, room dimensions, surrounding materials and
rodent proofing associated with the interior spaces of
buildings.

SECTION 1202
DEFINITIONS

1202.1 General. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

SUNROOM ADDITION. A one-story addition added to an
existing building with a glazing area in excess of 40 percent of
the gross area of the structure's exterior walls and roof.

THERMAL ISOLATION. A separation of conditioned
spaces, between a sunroom addition and a dwelling unit, con-
sisting of existing or new wall(s), doors and/or windows.

SECTION 1203
VENTILATION

1203.1 GeneraL Buildings shall be provided with natural ven-
tilation in accordance with Section 1203.4, or mechanical ven-
tilation in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.

Exception: [OSHPD 1,2,3& 4] For restrictions on natural
ventilation, see California Mechanical Code.

1203.2 Attic spaces. Enclosed attics and enclosed rafter spaces
formed where ceilings are applied directly to the underside of
roof framing members shall have cross ventilation for each
separate space by ventilating openings protected against the
entrance of rain and snow. Blocking and bridging shall be
arranged so as not to interfere with the movement of air. A min-
imum of 1 inch (25 mm) of airspace shall be provided between
the insulation and the roof sheathing. The net free ventilating
area shall not be less than V,5o of the area of the space venti-
lated, with 50 percent of the required ventilating area provided
by ventilators located in the upper portion of the space to be
ventilated at least 3 feet (914 mm) above eave or cornice vents
with the balance of the required ventilation provided by eave or
cornice vents.

Exception: The minimum required net free ventilating area
shall be V300 of the area of the space ventilated, provided a
vapor retarder having a transmission rate not exceeding 1
perm in accordance with ASTM E 96 is installed on the
warm side of the attic insulation and provided 50 percent of
the required ventilating area provided by ventilators located
in the upper portion of the space to be ventilated at least 3
feet (914 mm) above eave or cornice vents, with the balance

of the required ventilation provided by eave or cornice
vents.

1203.2.1 Openings into attic. Exterior openings into the
attic space of any building intended for human occupancy
shall be covered with corrosion-resistant wire cloth screen-
ing, hardware cloth, perforated vinyl or similar material that
will prevent the entry of birds, squirrels, rodents, snakes and
other similar creatures. The openings therein shall be a min-
imum of Vg inch (3.2 mm) and shall not exceed V4 inch (6.4
mm). Where combustion air is obtained from an attic area, it
shall be in accordance with Chapter 7 of the California
Mechanical Code.

1203.3 Under-floor ventilation. The space between the bot-
tom of the floor joists and the earth under any building except
spaces occupied by a basement or cellar shall be provided with
ventilation openings through foundation walls or exterior
walls. Such openings shall be placed so as to provide cross ven-
tilation of the under-floor space.

1203.3.1 Openings for under-floor ventilation. The mini-
mum net area of ventilation openings shall not be less than 1
square foot for each 150 square feet (0.67 m^ for each 100
m^) of crawl-space area. Ventilation openings shall be cov-
ered for their height and width with any of the following
materials, provided that the least dimension of the covering
shall not exceed V4 inch (6 mm):

1 . Perforated sheet metal plates not less than 0.070 inch
(1.8 mm) thick.

2. Expanded sheet metal plates not less than 0.047 inch
(1.2 mm) thick.

3. Cast-iron grilles or gratings.

4. Extruded load-bearing vents.

5. Hardware cloth of 0.035 inch (0.89 mm) wire or
heavier.

6. Corrosion-resistant wire mesh, with the least dimen-
sion not exceeding Vg inch (3.2 mm).

1203.3.1.1 [SPCB] Openings for under-floor ventilation
shall be not less than 1 ¥2 square feet (0.135 m^)for each
25 linear feet {7620 linear mm) of exterior wall. They
shall be covered with corrosion-resistant wire mesh with
mesh openings not less than 'A inch (6.4 mm) nor more
than V2 inch (13 mm) in any dimension.

1203.3.2 Exceptions. The following are exceptions to Sec-
tions 1203.3 and 1203.3.1:

1. Where warranted by climatic conditions, ventilation
openings to the outdoors are not required if ventila-
tion openings to the interior are provided.

2. The total area of ventilation openings is permitted to
be reduced to Vi_5oo of the under-floor area where the
ground surface is treated with an approved vapor re-
tarder material and the required openings are placed

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

547

INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

SO as to provide cross ventilation of the space. The in-
stallation of operable louvers shallnot be prohibited.

3. Ventilation openings are not required where continu-
ously operated mechanical ventilation is provided at a
rate of 1.0 cubic foot per minute (cfm) for each 50
square feet (1.02 L/s for each 10 m^) of crawl-space
floor area and the ground surface is covered with an
approved vapor retarder.

4. Ventilation openings are not required when the
ground surface is covered with an approved vapor re-
tarder, the perimeter walls are insulated and the space
is conditioned in accordance with the California En-
ergy Code, Title 24, Part 6.

5. For buildings in flood hazard areas as estabhshed in
Section 1612.3, the openings for under-floor ventila-
tion shall be deemed as meeting the flood opening re-
quirements of ASCE 24 provided that the ventilation
openings are designed and installed in accordance
with ASCE 24.

6. [SPCB] For purposes of structural pest control in-
spections, ventilation shall be considered inadequate
when the lack thereof has contributed to the growth of
wood-destroying pests or organisms.

1203.4 Natural ventilation. Natural ventilation of an occu-
pied space shall be through windows, doors, louvers or other
openings to the outdoors. The operating mechanism for such
openings shall be provided with ready access so that the open-
ings are readily controllable by the building occupants.

[HCD 1] In employee housing, all openable windows in
rooms used for living, dining, cooking or sleeping purposes,
and toilet and bath buildings, shall be provided and maintained
with insect screening.

[HCD 1] Door openings ofroorns used for dining, cooking,
toilet and bathing facilities in employee housing shall be pro-
vided and maintained with insect screening or with solid doors
equipped with self-closing devices in lieu thereof, when
approved by the enforcement agency.

[HCD 1] The windows, doors, louvers or other approved
closeable openings not required by Section 1026 may open into
a passive solar energy collector for ventilation required by this
section. The area of ventilation openings to the outside of the
passive solar energy collector shall be increased to compen-
sate for the openings required by the interior space.

1203.4.1 Ventilation area required. The minimum
openable area to the outdoors shall be 4 percent of the floor
area being ventilated.

1203.4.1.1 Adjoining spaces. Where rooms and spaces
without openings to the outdoors are ventilated through
an adjoining room, the opening to the adjoining room
shall be unobstructed and shall have an area of not less
than 8 percent of the floor area of the interior room or
space, but not less than 25 square feet (2.3 m^). The mini-
mum openable area to the outdoors shall be based on the
total floor area being ventilated.

Exception: Exterior openings required for ventila-
tion shall be permitted to open into a thermally iso-

lated sunroom addition or patio cover provided that
the openable area between the sunroom addition or
patio cover and the interior room shall have an area of
not less than 8 percent of the floor area of the interior
room or space, but not less than 20 square feet (1.86
m^). The minimum openable area to the outdoors
shall be based on the total floor areabeing ventilated.

1203.4.1.2 Openings below grade. Where openings
below grade provide required natural ventilation, the
outside horizontal clear space measured perpendicular to
the opening shall be one and one-half times the depth of
the opening. The depth of the opening shall be measured
from the average adjoining ground level to the bottom of
the opening.

1203.4.2 Contaminants exhausted. Contaminant sources
in naturally ventilated spaces shall be removed in accor-
dance with the California Mechanical Code and the Cali-
fornia Fire Code.

1203.4.2.1 Bathrooms. Rooms containing bathtubs,
showers, spas and similar bathing fixtures shall be
mechanically ventilated in accordance with the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code.

1203.4.3 Openings on yards or courts. Where natural ven-
tilation is to be provided by openings onto yards or courts,
such yards or courts shall comply with Section 1206.

1203.5 Other ventilation and exhaust systems. Ventilation
and exhaust systems for occupancies and operations involving
flammable or combustible hazards or other contaminant
sources as covered in the California Mechanical Code or the
California Fire Code shall be provided as required by both
codes.

SECTION 1204
TEMPERATURE CONTROL

1204.1 Equipment and systems. Interior spaces intended for
human occupancy shall be provided with active or passive
space-heating systems capable of maintaining a minimum
indoor temperature of 68°F (20°C) at a point 3 feet (914 mm)
above the floor on the design heating day.

Exceptions:

1 . Interior spaces where the primary purpose is not asso-
ciated with human comfort.

2. [HCD IJFor limited-density owner-built rural dwell-
ings, a heating facility or appliance shall be installed
in each dwelling subject to the provisions of
Subchapter 1, Chapter 1, Title 25, California Code of
Regulations, commencing with Section 74; however,
there shall be no specified requirementfor heating ca-
pacity or temperature maintenance. The use of
solid-fuel or solar-heating devices shall be deemed as
complying with the requirements of this section. If
nonrenewable fuel is used in these dwellings, rooms
so heated shall meet current installation standards.

3. [OSHPD 1, 2, 3 & 4] Space heating systems shall
comply with the requirements of the California Me-
chanical Code.

548

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

4. [HCD 1] When a passive solar energy collector is de-
signed as a conditioned area it shall comply with the
California Energy Code, Title 24, Part 6.
Nonconditioned passive solar energy collectors are
exempt from Title 24, Part 6.

SECTION 1205
LIGHTING

1205.1 General. Every space intended for human occupancy
shall be provided with natural light by means of exterior glazed
openings in accordance with Section 1205.2 or shall be pro-
vided with artificial light in accordance with Section 1205.3.
Exterior glazed openings shall open directly onto a public way
or onto a yard or court in accordance with Section 1206.

[HCD 1] Glazed openings may open into a passive solar
energy collector provided the area of exterior glazed opening
in the passive solar energy collector is increased to compen-
sate for the area required by the interior space.

1205.2 Natural light. The minimum net glazed area shall not
be less than 8 percent of the floor area of the room served.

1205.2.1 Adjoining spaces. For the purpose of natural
lighting, any room is permitted to be considered as a portion
of an adjoining room where one-half of the area of the com-
mon wall is open and unobstructed and provides an opening
of not less than one-tenth of the floor area of the interior
room or 25 square feet (2.32 m^), whichever is greater.

Exception: Openings required for natural light shall be
permitted to open into a thermally isolated sunroom
addition or patio cover where the common wall provides
a glazed area of not less than one-tenth of the floor area of
the interior room or 20 square feet (1.86 m^), whichever
is greater

1205.2.2 Exterior openings. Exterior openings required by
Section 1205.2 for natural hght shall open directly onto a
public way, yard or court, as set forth in Section 1206.

Exceptions:

1. Required exterior openings are permitted to open
into a roofed porch where the porch:

1.1. Abuts a pubhc way, yard or court.

1.2. Has a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet
(2134 mm).

1.3. Has a longer side at least 65 percent open
and unobstructed.

2. Skyhghts are not required to open dkectly onto a
public way, yard or court.

1205.3 Artificial light. Artificial light shall be provided that is
adequate to provide an average illumination of 10 foot-candles
(107 lux) over the area of the room at a height of 30 inches (762
mm) above the floor level.

1205.4 Stairway illumination. Staurways within dwelhng
units and exterior stairways serving a dwelling unit shall have
an illumination level on tread runs of not less than 1 foot-candle
(11 lux). Stairs in other occupancies shall be governed by
Chapter 10.

1205.4.1 Controls. The control for activation of the
required stairway lighting shall be in accordance with the
California Electrical Code.

1205.5 Emergency egress lighting. The means of egress shall
be illuminated in accordance with Section 1006.1.

1205.6 Campus lighting for parking facilities and primary
walkways at California state universities, colleges and com-
munity colleges. [BSC] Artificial light shall be provided for
parking facilities and primary walkways at California state
universities, colleges, and community colleges in accordance
with provisions of this subsection. This subsection shall not
apply to the University of California unless the Regents of the
University of California, by resolution, make it applicable.

1205.6.1 Light requirements. Based on the recommenda-
tions of the most current edition of the Illuminating Engi-
neering Society Lighting Handbook, for the following
lighting standards shall be used for all new construction of
open parking facilities, covered parking facilities and pri-
mary walkways.

1 . Open and covered parking facilities.

LI. Medium-level activity usage when medium
usage is present.

1.2. High-level activity usage when high usage is
present.

2. Primary campus walkways.

2.1. Medium-level activity usage when medium
usage is present.

2.2. High-level activity usage when high usage is
present.

SECTION 1206
YARDS OR COURTS

1206.1 General. This section shall apply to yards and courts
adjacent to exterior openings that provide natural light or venti-
lation. Such yards and courts shall be on the same property as
the building.

1206.2 Yards. Yards shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm) in
width for one- and two-story buildings. For buildings more
than two stories in height, the minimum width of the yard shall
be increased at the rate of 1 foot (305 mm) for each additional
story. For buildings exceeding 14 stories in height, the required
width of the yard shall be computed on the basis of 14 stories.

1206.3 Courts. Courts shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm) in
width. Courts having windows opening on opposite sides shall
not be less than 6 feet (1829 mm) in width. Courts shall not be
less than 10 feet (3048 mm) in length unless bounded on one
end by a public way or yard. For buildings more than two sto-
ries in height, the court shall be increased 1 foot (305 mm) in
width and 2 feet (310 mm) in length for each additional story.
For buildings exceeding 14 stories in height, the required
dimensions shall be computed on the basis of 14 stories.

1206.3.1 Court access. Access shall be provided to the bot-
tom of courts for cleaning purposes.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

549

INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

1206.3.2 Air intake. Courts more than two stories in height
shall be provided with a horizontal air intake at the bottom
not less than 10 square feet (0.93 m^) in area and leading to
the exterior of the building unless abutting a yard or public
way.

1206.3.3 Court drainage. The bottom of every court shall
be properly graded and drained to a public sewer or other
approved disposal system complying with the California
Plumbing Code.

SECTION 1207 [HCD]
SOUND TRANSMISSION

1207.1 Purpose and scope. The purpose of this section is to
establish uniform minimum noise insulation performance
standards to protect persons within hotels, motels, dormitories,
apartment houses and dwellings other than detached sin-
gle-family dwellings from the effects of excessive noise, includ-
ing, but not limited to, hearing loss or impairment and
interference with speech and sleep. This section shall apply to
all buildings for which applications for building permits were
made subsequent to August 22, 1974.

1207.2 Definitions. The following special definitions shall
apply to this section:

SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS (STC) is a single-number
rating used to compare walls, floor-ceiling assemblies and
doors for their sound-insulating properties with respect to
speech and small household appliance noise. The STC is
derived from laboratory measurements of sound transmission
loss across a series of 16 test bands.

Laboratory STC ratings should be used to the greatest extent
possible in determining that the design complies with this sec-
tion.

FIELD SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS (FSTC) is a sin-
gle-number rating similar to STC, except that the transmission
loss values used to derive the FSTC are measured in the field.
All sound transmitted from the source room to the receiving
room is assumed to be through the separating wall or
floor-ceiling assembly.

This section does not require determination of the FSTC, and
field-measured values of noise reduction should not be
reported as transmission loss.

IMPACT INSULATION CLASS (IIC) is a single-number rat-
ing used to compare the effectiveness of floor-ceiling assem-
blies in providing reduction of impact-generated sounds such
as footsteps. The IIC is derived from laboratory measurements
of impact sound pressure level across a series of 16 test bands
using a standardized tapping machine. Laboratory IIC ratings
should be used to the greatest extent possible in determining
that the design complies with this section.

FIELD IMPACT INSULATION CLASS (FIIC) is a sin-
gle-number rating similar to the IIC, except that the impact
sound pressure levels are measured in the field

NOISE ISOLATION CLASS (NIC) is a single-number rating
derived from measured values of noise reduction between two
enclosed spaces that are connected by one or more paths. The

NIC is not adjusted or normalized to a standard reverberation
time.

NORMALIZED NOISE ISOLATION CLASS (NNIC) is a

single-number rating similar to the NIC, except that the mea-
sured noise reduction values are normalized to a reverberation
time of one-half second.

NORMALIZED A-WEIGHTED SOUND LEVELDIFFER-

ENCE (Dn) means for a specified source room sound spec-
trum, Dn is the difference, in decibels, between the average
sound levels produced in two rooms after adjustment to the
expected acoustical conditions when the receiving room under
test is normally furnished.

DAY-NIGHT AVERAGE SOUND LEVEL (Un) is the

A-weighted equivalent continuous sound exposure level for a
24-hour period with a 10 db adjustment added to sound levels
occurring during nighttime hours (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.).

COMMUNITY NOISE EQUIVALENT LEVEL (CNEL) is a

metric similar to the Ldn, except that a 5 db adjustment is
added to the equivalent continuous sound exposure level for
evening hours (7p.m. to 10p.m.) in addition to the 10 db night-
time adjustment used in the Ldn.

1207.3 Relevant standards. The current edition of the follow-
ing standards is generally applicable for determining compli-
ance with this section. Copies may be obtained from the
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) at 100
Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959.

ASTM C 634, Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to
Environmental Acoustics.

ASTM E 90, Standard Method for Laboratory Measurement
of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Parti-
tions.

ASTM E 336, Standard Test Method for Measurement of
Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings.

ASTM E 413, Standard Classification for Determination of
Sound Transmission Class.

ASTM E 492, Standard Method ofLaboratory Measurement
of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling
Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine.

ASTM E 497, Standard Recommended Practice for Installa-
tion of Fixed Partitions of Light Frame Type for the Purpose
of Conserving Their Sound Insulation Efficiency.

ASTM E 597, Recommended Practice for Determining a
Single-Number Rating of Airborne Sound Isolation in
Multi-unit Building Specifications.

ASTME 966, Standard Guide for Field Measurement of Air-
borne Sound Insulation of Building Facades and Facade
Elements.

ASTME 989, Standard Classification for Determination of
Impact Insulation Class (IIC).

ASTM E 1007, Standard Test Method for Field Measure-
ment of Tapping Machine Impact Sound Transmission
Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support
Structures.

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ASTM E 1014, Standard Guide for Measurement of Out-
door A-Weighted Sound Levels.

1207.4 Complaints, Where a complaint as to noncompliance
with this chapter requires a field test, the complainant shall
post a bond or adequate funds in escrow for the cost of said
testing. Such costs shall be chargeable to the complainant if the
field tests show compliance with this chapter If the tests show
noncompliance, testing costs shall be borne to the owner or
builder

1207.5 Local modification. The governing body of any city or
county or city and county may, by ordinance, adopt changes or
modifications to the requirements of this section as set forth in
Section 17922.7 of the Health and Safety Code.

1207.6 Interdwelling sound transmission control.

1207.6.1 Wall and floor-ceiling assemblies. Wall and
floor-ceiling assemblies separating dwelling units or guest
rooms from each other and from public or service areas such
as interior corridors, garages and mechanical spaces shall
provide airborne sound insulation for walls, and both air-
borne and impact sound insulation for floor-ceiling assem-
blies.

Exception: Impact sound insulation is not required for
floor-ceiling assemblies over nonhabitable rooms or
spaces not designed to be occupied, such as garages,
mechanical rooms or storage areas.

1207. 7 Airborne sound insulation. All such acoustically rated
separating wall and floor-ceiling assemblies shall provide air-
borne sound insulation equal to that required to meet a sound
transmission class (STC) rating of 50 based on laboratory tests
as defined in ASTM E 90 and E 413. Field-tested assemblies
shall meet a noise isolation class (NIC) rating of 45 for occu-
pied units and a normalized noise isolation class (NINIC) rat-
ing of 45 for unoccupied units as defined in ASTM E 336 and E
413.

ASTM E 597 may be used as simplified procedure for field
tests of the airborne sound isolation between rooms in unoccu-
pied buildings. In such tests, the minimum value ofDn is 45 db
for compliance.

Entrance doors from interior corridors together with their
perimeter seals shall have STC ratings not less than 26. Such
tested doors shall operate normally with commercially avail-
able seals.

Solid-core wood-slab doors P/g inches (35 mm) thick mini-
mum oris gauge insulated steel-slab doors with compression
seals all around including the threshold, may be considered
adequate without other substantiating information.

Field tests of corridor walls should not include segments
with doors. If such tests are impractical, however, the NIC or
NNIC rating for the composite wall-door assembly shall not be
less than 30.

Penetrations or openings in construction assemblies forpip-
ing, electrical devices, recessed cabinets, bathtubs, soffits or
heating, ventilating or exhaust ducts shall be sealed, lined,
insulated or otherwise treated to maintain the required ratings.

1207.8 Impact sound insulation. All acoustically rated sepa-
rating floor-ceiling assemblies shall provide impact sound

insulation equal to that required to meet a IIC rating of 50
based on laboratory tests as defined in ASTM E 492 and E 989.
Field-tested assemblies shall meet a field impact insulation
class (FIIC) rating of 45 for both occupied and unoccupied
units as defined in ASTM E 1007 and E 989, with the exception
that the measured impact sound pressure levels shall not be
normalized to a standard amount of absorption in the receiving
room.

Floor coverings rhay be included in the assembly to obtain
the required ratings. These coverings must be retained as a per-
manent part of the assembly and may be replaced only by other
floor coverings that provide the required impact sound insula-
tion.

1207.9 Tested assemblies. Laboratory-tested wall or
floor-ceiling designs having STC or IIC ratings of 50 or more
may be used by the building ofiicial to determine compliance
with this section during review phase. Field tests shall be
required by the building official when evidence of sound leaks
offianking paths is noted, or when the separating assembly is
not built according to the approved design.

Generic sound transmission control systems as listed in the
Catalog of STC and IIC Ratings for Wall and Floor-Ceiling
Assemblies, as published by the Office of Noise Control, Cali-
fornia Department of Health Services, or the Fire Resistance
Design Manual, as published by the Gypsum Association, may
be used to evaluate construction assemblies for their sound
transmission properties. Other tests from recognized laborato-
ries may also be used. When ratings for essentially similar
assemblies differ, and when ratings are below STC or ICC 50,
field testing may be used to demonstrate that the building
complies with this section.

For field testing, rooms should ideally be large and reverber-
ant for reliable measurements to be made in all test bands. This
is often not possible for bathrooms, kitchens, hallways or
rooms with large amounts of sound-absorptive materials. Field
test results should, however, report the measured values in all
bands, noting those which do not meet relevant ASTM criteria
for diffusion.

It should be noted that STC ratings do not adequately char-
acterize the sound insulation of construction assemblies when
the intruding noise is predominantly low-pitched, as is often
produced by amplified music or by large pieces of mechanical
equipment.

It should also be noted that the transmission of impact sound
from a standardized tapping machine may vary considerably
for a given design due to differences in specimen size, flanking
transmission through associated structure and the acoustical
response of the room below. Laboratory IIC values should
therefore be used with caution when estimating the perfor-
mance of hard-surfaced floors in the fleld. Additionally, IIC
ratings may not always be adequate to characterize the subjec-
tively annoying creak or boom generated by footfalls on a
lumber floor

1207.10 Certification. Field testing, when required, shall be
done under the supervision of a person experienced in the field
of acoustical testing and engineering, who shall forward test
results to the building official showing that the sound isolation
requirements stated above have been met. Documentation of

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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field test results should generally follow the requirements out-
lined in relevant ASTM standards.

1207.11 Exterior sound transmission control.

1207.11.1 Application. Consistent with local land-use stan-
dards, residential structures located in noise critical areas,
such as proximity to highways, county roads, city streets,
railroads, rapid transit lines, airports or industrial areas,
shall be designed to prevent the intrusion of exterior noises
beyond prescribed levels. Proper design shall include, but
shall not be limited to, orientation of the residential struc-
ture, setbacks, shielding and sound insulation of the
building itself

1207.11.2 Allowable interior noise levels. Interior noise
levels attributable to exterior sources shall not exceed 45 db
in any habitable room. The noise metric shall be either the
day-night average sound level (Ldn) or the community noise
equivalent level (CNEL), consistent with the noise element
of the local general plan.

Note: Ldn is the preferred metric for implementing these
standards. Worst-case noise levels, either existing or
future, shall be used as the basis for determining compli-
ance with this section. Future noise levels shall be pre-
dicted for a period of at least 10 years from the time of
building permit application.

1207.11.3 Airport noise sources. Residential structures to
be located where the annual Ldn or CNEL (as defined in
Title 21, Subchapter 6, California Code of Regulations)
exceeds 60 db shall require an acoustical analysis showing
that the proposed design will achieve prescribed allowable
interior level. For public-use airports or heliports, the Ldn
or CNEL shall be determinedfrom the airport land-use plan
prepared by the county wherein the airport is located. For
military bases, the Ldn shall be determinedfrom the facility
Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AlCUZ)plan. For all
other airports or heliports, or public-use airports or heli-
ports for which a land-use plan has not been developed, the
Ldn or CNEL shall be determinedfrom the noise element of
the general plan of the local jurisdiction.

When aircraft noise is not the only significant source,
noise levels from all sources shall be added to determine the
composite site noise level.

1207.11.4 Other noise sources. Residential structures to be
located where the Ldn or CNEL exceeds 60 db shall require
an acoustical analysis showing that the proposed design
will limit exterior noise to the prescribed allowable interior
level. The noise element of the local general plan shall be
used to the greatest extent possible to identify sites with
noise levels potentially greater than 60 db.

1207.12 Compliance. Evidence of compliance shall consist of
submittal of an acoustical analysis report, prepared under the
supervision of a person experienced in the field of acoustical
engineering, with the application for a building permit. The
report shall show topographical relationships of noise sources
and dwelling sites, identification of noise sources and their
characteristics, predicted noise spectra and levels at the exte-
rior of the proposed dwelling structure considering present
and future land usage, basis for the prediction (measured or

obtained from published data), noise attenuation measures to
be applied, and an analysis of the noise insulation effectiveness
of the proposed construction showing that the prescribed inte-
rior noise level requirements are met.

If interior allowable noise levels are met by requiring that
windows be unopenable or closed, the design for the structure
must also specify a ventilation or air-conditioning system to
provide a habitable interior environment. The ventilation sys-
tem must not compromise the dwelling unit or guest room noise
reduction.

1207.13 Field testing. When inspection indicates that the con-
struction is not in accordance with the approved design, or that
the noise reduction is compromised due to sound leaks or flank-
ing paths, field testing may be required. A test report showing
compliance or noncompliance with prescribed interior allow-
able levels shall be submitted to the building official.

Measurements of outdoor sound levels shall generally fol-
low the guidelines in ASTM E 1014.

Field measurements of the A-weighted airborne sound insu-
lation of buildings from exterior sources shall generally follow
the guidelines in ASTM E 966.

For the purpose of this standard, sound level differences
measured in unoccupied units shall be normalized to a receiv-
ing room reverberation time of one-half second. Sound level
differences measured in occupied units shall not be normalized
to a standard reverberation time.

SECTION 1208
INTERIOR SPACE DIMENSIONS

1208.1 Minimum room widths. Habitable spaces, other than a
kitchen, shall not be less than 7 feet (2134 mm) in any plan
dimension. Kitchens shall have a clear passageway of not less
than 3 feet (914 mm) between counter fronts and appliances or
counter fronts and walls.

[HCD 1] For limited-density owner-built rural dwellings,
there shall be no requirements for room dimensions, provided
there is adequate light and ventilation and adequate means of
egress.

1208.2 Minimum ceUing heiglits. Occupiable spaces, habit-
able spaces and corridors shall have a ceiling height of not less
than 7 feet 6 inches (2286 mm). Bathrooms, toiletrooms, kitch-
ens, storage rooms and laundry rooms shall be permitted to
have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet (2134 mm).

Exceptions:

1. In one- and two-family dwellings, beams or girders
spaced not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center and
projecting not more than 6 inches (152 mm) below the
required ceiling height.

2. If any room in a building has a sloped ceiling, the pre-
scribed ceiling height for the room is required in
one-half the area thereof. Any portion of tiie room
measuring less than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the fin-
ished floor to the ceiling shall not be included in any
computation of the minimum area thereof.

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3. Mezzanines constructed in accordance with Section
505.1.

4. [OSHPD 1 &2] Minimum ceiling heights shall com-
ply with Section 1224.4.10.

5. [OSHPD 3] Minimum ceiling heights shall comply
with Section 1226.8.

6. [OSHPD 4] Minimum ceiling heights shall comply
with Section 1227.8.

1208.2.1 Furred ceiling. Any room with a furred ceiling
shall be required to have the minimum ceiling height in
two-thirds of the area thereof, but in no case shall the height
of the furred ceiling be less than 7 feet (2134 mm).

Exception: [OSHPD 1, 2, 3 & 4] Minimum ceiling
heights shall comply with Section 1208.2

1208.3 Room area. Every dwelling unit shall have at least one
room that shall have not less than 120 square feet (13.9 m^) ^of
net floor area. Other habitable rooms shall have a net floor area
of not less than 70 square feet (6.5 m^).

Exception: Every kitchen in a one- and two-family dwell-
ing shall have not less than 50 square feet (4.64 m^) of gross
floor area.

1208.4 Efficiency dwelling units. [HCD 1] Unless modified
by local ordinance pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
1 7958. 1, efficiency dwelling units shall comply with the follow-
ing:

1. The unit shall have a living room of not less than 220
square feet (20.4 m^) of floor area. An additional 100
square feet (9.3 m^) of floor area shall be provided for
each occupant of such unit in excess of two.

2. The unit shall be provided with a separate closet.

3. The unit shall be provided with a kitchen sink, cooking
appliance and refrigeration facilities, each having a clear
working space of not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in
front. Light and ventilation conforming to this code shall
be provided.

4. The unit shall be provided with a separate bathroom con-
taining a water closet, lavatory and bathtub or shower.

[HCD 1] For additional information, see Health and
Safety Code Section 17958.1.

SECTION 1209
ACCESS TO UNOCCUPIED SPACES

1209.1 Crawl spaces. Crawl spaces shall be provided with a
minimum of one access opening not less than 18 inches by 24
inches (457 mm by 610 mm).

1209.1.1 [SPCB] Accessible under-floor areas shall be pro-
vided with an 18-inch by 24-inch (457 mm by 610 mm)
access crawl hole. Pipes, ducts and other nonstructural
construction shall not interfere with the accessibility to or
within under-floor areas.

1209.2 Attic spaces. An opening not less than 20 inches by 30
inches (559 mm by 762 mm) shall be provided to any attic area
having a clear height of over 30 inches (762 mm). A 30-inch

(762 mm) minimum clear headroom in the attic space shall be
provided at or above the access opening.

1209.3 Mechanical appliances. Access to mechanical appli-
ances installed in under-floor areas, in attic spaces and on roofs
or elevated structures shall be in accordance with the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code.

SECTION 1210
SURROUNDING MATERIALS

1210.1 Floors. In other than dwelHng units, toilet and bathing
room floors shall have a smooth, hard, nonabsorbent surface
that extends upward onto the walls at least 6 inches (152 mm).

1210.2 Walls. Walls within 2 feet (610 mm) of urinals and
water closets shall have a smooth, hard, nonabsorbent surface,
to a height of 4 feet (1219 mm) above the floor, and except for
structural elements, the materials used in such walls shall be of
a type that is not adversely affected by moisture.

Exceptions:

1. Dwelling units and sleeping units.

2. Toilet rooms that are not accessible to the public and
which have not more than one water closet.

Accessories such as grab bars, towel bars, paper dispensers
and soap dishes, provided on or within walls, shall be installed
and sealed to protect structural elements from moisture.

1210.3 Showers. Shower compartments and walls above bath-
tubs with installed shower heads shall be finished with a
smooth, nonabsorbent surface to a height not less than 70
inches (1778 mm) above the drain inlet.

1210.4 Waterproof joints. Built-in tubs with showers shall
have waterproof joints between the tub and adjacent wall.

1210.5 Toilet rooms. Toilet rooms shall not open directly into a
room used for the preparation of food for service to the public.

SECTION 1211 [HCD 1 & HCD 2]
GARAGE DOOR SPRINGS

1211.1 General. This section shall apply to applications listed
in Sections 108.2.1.1 and 108.2.1.3 regulated by the Depart-
ment of Housing and Community Development.

1211.1.1 Extension garage door springs. Every garage
door spring sold or offered for sale, whether new or as a
replacement, or installed in any garage or carport which is
accessory to an apartment house, hotel, motel or dwelling
shall conform to the following requirements:

Hard-drawn spring wire shall conform to ASTM A
227-71 or a more current version, and shall be made by the
steel processes described therein, conforming to the chemi-
cal composition requirements listed and meeting the stan-
dards of steel heat as set forth by the ladle analysis. Wire
tensile strength and dimension variations shall meet the
prescribed properties of established standards.

Oil-tempered wire shall conform to ASTM A 229 -71 or a
more current version, and shall be made by the steel pro-
cesses described therein conforming to the chemical com-

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

553

INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

position requirements listed and meeting the standards of
steel heat as set forth by the ladle analysis. Wire tensile
strength and dimension variations shall meet the prescribed
properties of established standards.

Extension springs shall be fabricated from either hard
drawn spring wire or oil-tempered wire as specified above.

1211.2 Design standards. [HCD 1 & HCD 2] Minimum design
standard shall be 9,000 cycles. (One cycle is equal to door
opening plus door closing at maximum working load.)

1211.3 Certification. [HCD 1 & HCD 2]

Mill certification of wire physical tests and chemical proper-
ties shall be kept on file by the spring manufacturer

Physical cycling tests shall be performed for each spring
design and shall be certified by an approved testing agency
acceptable to the department and reports kept on file by the
manufacturer

Containment devices shall be physically tested for each
spring design by installing the device on the spring and by
destroying the spring at maximum recommended stretch. Con-
tainment tests shall be certified by an approved testing agency
acceptable to the department and reports kept on file by the
manufacturer.

1211.4 Containment devices. [HCD 1 & HCD 2] Each spring
shall be equipped with an approved device capable of restrain-
ing the spring or any part thereof in the event it breaks.

1211.5 Identification. [HCD 1 & HCD 2] Springs shall be per-
manently identified as to manufacturer and also to indicate
maximum recommended stretch. Both springs and contain-
ment devices shall bear information stating that they have been
manufactured in accordance with requirements of the Califor-
nia Department of Housing and Community Development.

1211.6 Installation. [HCD 1 & HCD 2] Installation of springs,
containment devices and hardware shall be in accordance with
the manufacturer's installation instructions. Instructions shall
be provided by the manufacturer and shall specify the approved
method of restraint and maximum recommended stretch.
Unless otherwise permitted by the manufacturer's installation
instructions, the hardware and springs shall be mounted to
nominal 12 by 6 framing members which shall be a species
identifiedas Grouplorllin Volume 3, Chapter 23, Divisionlll.

SECTION 1216
Reserved

SECTION 1217
Reserved

SECTION 1218
Reserved

SECTION 1219
Reserved

SECTION 1220
Reserved

SECTION 1221
Reserved

SECTION 1222
Reserved

SECTION 1223
Reserved

SECTION 1212
Reserved

SECTION 1213
Reserved

SECTION 1214
Reserved

SECTION 1215
Reserved

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SECTION 1224[OSHPD 1]
HOSPITALS

1224.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to gen-
eral acute-care hospitals, acute psychiatric hospitals, and gen-
eral acute-care hospitals providing only acute medical
rehabilitation center services. The provisions of Section 1225
shall apply to distinct part skilled nursing and intermedi-
ate-care services on a general acute-care or acute psychiatric
hospital license, provided either in a separate unit or a free-
standing building.

1224.2 Application. New buildings and additions, alterations
or repairs to existing buildings subject to licensure shall com-
ply with applicable provisions of the California Electrical
Code, California Mechanical Code, California Plumbing
Code, California Fire Code (Parts 3, 4, 5 and 9 of Title 24) and
this section.

Exceptions:

1. Facilities licensed and in operation prior to the effec-
tive date of this section shall not be required to insti-
tute corrective alterations or construction to comply
with any new requirements imposed thereby or subse-
quently, except where specifically required or where
the enforcing agency determines that a definite haz-
ard to health and safety exists. Facilities for which
preliminary drawings have been submitted to the en-
forcing agency prior to the effective date of this
change shall not be required to comply with such new
requirements, provided working drawings are sub-
mitted within one year of the effective date of such new
requirements.

2. The provisions of this section do no prohibit the use of
alternate space utilization, new concepts of design,
treatment techniques, equipment and alternate finish
materials provided the intent of this section is accom-
modated and written approval for such alternative is
granted by the enforcing agency. Written substantiat-
ing evidence in support of the alternate and a written
request for consideration shall be submitted to the en-
forcing agency.

3. Nothing in this section shall prohibit the provisions of
required services from a centralized service facility
serving two or more licensed facilities when approved
in writing by the licensing agency. Buildings and re-
quired spaces for services provided in a separate cen-
tralized services facility shall comply with all
applicable provisions of these regulations and appli-
cable local codes and ordinances for the services so
provided.

4. Acute psychiatric hospitals and general acute-care
hospitals providing only acute medical rehabilitation
center services may provide for surgical and anesthe-
sia services to be provided by an outside licensed fa-
cility when approved by the licensing agency.

5. When the Corrections Standards Authority, the De-
partment of Corrections or the Department of Youth
Authority determines that a particular requirement
for hospitals located in a correctional facility may
compromise the safety, security or protection of staff,

inmates or property, the enforcement agency shall
consider an alternate design.

1224.3 Definitions. For the purpose of this section , the follow-
ing terms shall have the meaning indicated:

AIR CONDITIONING. The process or system by which simul-
taneously the temperature, humidity, air motion and quality are
maintained within required limits.

AIRBORNE INFECTION ISOLATION ROOM. A sin-
gle-occupancy patient room where environmental factors are
controlled in an effort to minimize the transmission of those
infectious agents usually spread from person to person by
droplet nuclei associated with coughing and inhalation.

AMBULATORY CARE. A defined health care encounter(s) of
less than 24 hours in duration that requires direct professional
health care support within a specific facility.

AMBULATORY SURGICAL FACILITY Any surgical facil-
ity organized for the purpose of providing procedural, invasive
surgical care to patients with the expectation that they will be
recovered sufficiently to be discharged in less than a 24-hour
period.

BASIC SERVICES. Those essential services required for
licensure as a hospital, including medical, nursing, surgical,
anesthesia, laboratory, radiology, pharmacy, dietary services
and support services. See "SUPPLEMENTAL SERVICES."

BIOTERRORISM. The use, or threat of use, of biological
agents to intimidate a political entity or population group.

CENTRAL AIR-HANDLING SYSTEMS. Any units requir-
ing ductwork on the supply or inlet side and serving more than
one room.

COURT. An open exterior space bounded on three or more
sides by the walls of a structure.

ENVIRONMENT OF CARE. Those features in a built health '
care entity that are created, structured, and maintained to sup-
port quality health care.

FLOOR AREA, CLEAR. The actual occupied area exclusive
of fixed or wall-mounted cabinets, built-in shelves, toilet
rooms, closets, lockers, wardrobes, alcoves, anterooms or ves-
tibules.

GENERAL ACUTE-CARE HOSPITAL. A hospital, licensed
by the Department of Health Services, having a duly consti-
tuted governing body with overall administrative and profes-
sional responsibility and an organized medical staff which
provides 24-hour inpatient care, including the basic services.

GOOSENECK SPOUT. A deck or fixture-mounted spout
shaped so the discharge point is at least 5 inches (127 mm)
above the fixture rim.

HANDWASHING FIXTURE. A special application sink hav-
ing a water supply spout mounted so the discharge point is at
least 5 inches (127 mm) above the fixture rim and equipped
with hot and cold supply controls not requiring direct contact
of the hands for operation. The fixture cannot be equipped with
an aerator and wrist or elbow blade handles. Sensor operated
fixtures may be used, provided they are either battery operated
or connected to the essential electrical system.

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HOSPITAL. A general acute-care hospital, including those
providing only acute medical rehabilitation center services
and acute psychiatric hospitals.

HOUSEKEEPING. Services anywhere within a health care
facility that include general cleaning and tidying and the provi-
sion and positioning of identified materials, e.g., soaps, towels,
etc. (While routine disinfection protocols can be included in
such a definition, the definition is not intended to include com-
plex, nonroutine disinfection procedures nor the nonroutine
disposition of hazardous materials such as potentially toxic
drugs or other chemicals and radioactive wastes.)

LDR. Labor, Delivery, Recovery (an unlicensed patient bed)

LDRP. Labor, Delivery, Recovery, Postpartum (a licensed
patient bed)

LICENSING AGENCY. The Department of Health Services,
Licensing and Certification.

NURSING UNIT. A designated patient care area of the hospi-
tal which is planned, organized, operated and maintained to
function as a unit. It includes patient rooms with adequate sup-
port facilities, services and personnel providing nursing care
and necessary management of patients.

OPERATING ROOM. A room specifically designed for the
performance of surgical procedures. (In common understand-
ing, this means most types of surgical procedures, especially
those involving the administration of anesthesia, multiple per-
sonnel, recovery room access, and a fully controlled environ-
ment.)

OUTPATIENT SERVICE. An organizational unit of the hos-
pital, which provides nonemergency healthcare services to
patients.

PATIENT ROOM. Licensed patient bed rooms.

PERIOPERATIVE. Patient care and other related supportive
activities before, during or after the operative event.

PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT. A bedded unit or patient
room where severely immunosuppressed patients are cared for

SCRUB SINK. A sink used to wash and scrub the hands and
arms during the aseptic preparation for surgery, and equipped
with a supply spout and controls as required for a handwashing
fixture.

SERVICE SINK. A sink located in a housekeeping room and
designed for the purpose of cleaning mops and the disposal of
waste water

SUB-ACUTE CARE. A segment within a continuum of levels
of care determined by patient acuity, clinical stability, and
resource needs.

SUPPLEMENTAL SERVICE. An inpatient or outpatient ser-
vice which is not required to be provided by law or regulation
for licensure. A supplemental service, when provided, must
accommodate the provisions of this section.

Note: See "BASIC SERVICES."

SURGICAL SERVICE SPACE. A space that includes the
operating room(s) and service areas.

1224.4 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION.

1224.4.1 Services/systems and utilities. Services/systems
and utilities that are necessary to the operation of an acute
care hospital, skilled nursing facility, intermediate care
facility, or correctional treatment center shall meet the
structural requirements of this section. Examples of ser-
vices/systems and utilities include normal power; emer-
gency power; nurse call; fire alarm; communication and
data systems; space-heating systems; process load systems;
cooling systems; domestic hot and cold water systems;
fire-suppression systems; building drain and sewer sys-
tems;, and medical gas systems that support basic and sup-
plemental services.

Services from an acute care hospital, skilled nursing
facility or a correctional treatment center may serve a build-
ing that does not comply with the structural requirements of
the 1973 edition or later edition of the California Building
Standards Code with prior approval of the Office.

Exception: Remodel projects that use available existing
services/systems and utilities are exempted from the
requirements of this section. The authority having juris-
diction may exempt minor addition, minor alteration,
and minor remodel projects and projects to upgrade
existing services/systems and utilities from the require-
ments of this section.

1224.4.1.1 Services/systems and utilities for hospital
buildings.

1224.4.1.1.1 Additions, alterations, and remodels of
conforming (SPC-3, -4, or -5) hospital buildings.

Services/systems and utilities for new buildings and
additions, and alterations or remodels to existing
conforming buildings shall originate in hospital
buildings that have OSHPD-approved performance
categories of SPC-3 or higher and NPC-4 or higher
The services/systems and utilities shall not pass
through or under buildings that do not have
OSHPD-approved performance categories ofSPC-2
or higher and NPC-4 or higher.

Exceptions:

1. Remodel and alteration projects that use
available existing services/systems and util-
ities are exemptedfrom these requirements.

2. Services/systems and utilities may pass
through or under buildings that have
OSHPD-approved nonstructural perfor-
mance categories ofNPC-2 or NPC-3, pro-
vided that the services/systems and utilities
feeding the new building addition, alter-
ation, or remodel conform with ASCE 7
Chapter 13 as modified in Section 1614A
and are deemed by OSHPD to be free of ad-
verse seismic interactions caused by poten-
tial failure of overhead or adjacent
components.

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1224.4.1.1.2 Additions, alterations, and remodels of
SPC-2 hospital buildings. Services/systems and utili-
ties for additions, alterations, or remodels of SPC-2
hospital buildings may originate in and pass through
or under SPC-2 or better buildings that have an
OSHPD-approved nonstructural performance cate-
gory ofNPC-3 or higher.

Exception: Services/systems and utilities may
pass through or under buildings that have
OSHPD-approved nonstructural performance
categories of NPC-2, provided that the ser-
vices/systems and utilities feeding the addition,
alteration, or remodel conform with Chapter 34A
and are deemed by OSHPD to be free of adverse
seismic interactions caused by potential failure of
overhead or adjacent components.

1224.4.1.1.3 Alterations and remodels of SPC-1
hospital buildings. Services/systems and utilities for
alterations or remodels of SPC-1 hospital buildings
may originate in and pass through or under SPC-1 or
better buildings that have an OSHPD-approved
nonstructural performance category of NPC-2 or
higher.

1224.4.1.1.4 Buildings without SPC/NPC ratings.

When services/systems and utilities for new buildings,
additions, alterations, or remodels pass through or
under hospital buildings which would not otherwise
require evaluation for an SPC rating, such buildings
shall be evaluated in accordance with the require-
ments of Section 1.3, Chapter 6, Part 1, California
Building Standards Administrative Code, to deter-
mine the appropriate ratings, or shall be shown to
meet the structural requirements of these regulations
for new hospital buildings. The services/systems and
utilities feeding the new building addition, alteration,
or remodel shall conform withASCE 7 Chapter 13 as
modifed in Section 1614A and shall be deemed by
OSHPD to be free of adverse seismic interactions
caused by potential failure of overhead or adjacent
components.

1224.4.1.1.5 Buildings removed from acute-care
hospital service. Services/systems and utilities for
conforming acute care hospital buildings may pass
through or under a building that has been removed
from acute care hospital service until January 1,2030
if the building removed from service remains under
the jurisdiction of OSHPD and meets the perfor-
mance requirements of Section 1224.4.1.1.1. Ser-
vices/systems and utilities for noncomforming acute
care hospital buildings may pass through or under a
building that has been removed from acute care hos-
pital service only if the building removedfrom service
remains under the jurisdiction of OSHPD and meets
the performance requirements of Section
1224.4.1.1.2.

Exception: Service/system and utilities for acute
care hospital buildings may pass through or under

the buildings that have been removed from acute
care service and which do not meet the perfor-
mance requirements of Section 1224.4.1.1.1 or
Section 1224.4.1.1.2, provided all of the following
are met:

1. The hospital has obtained an approved ex-
tension to the 2008 deadlines in accordance
with Section 1.5.2, Article 1, Chapter 6 Cal-
ifornia Building Standards Administrative
Code.

2. The extensions request specifically includes
a request to allow services/systems and utili-
ties to pass through or under the building re-
moved from acute care service. The
services/ systems and utilities may pass
through or under the building for the dura-
tion of the extension.

3. The building removedfrom acute care ser-
vice remains under the jurisdiction of
OSHPD.

After January 1, 2030, services/systems and utili-
ties for acute care hospital buildings shall not origi-
nate in or pass through or under a nonhospital
building unless it has OSHPD-approved perfor-
mance categories ofSPC-3 or better and NPC-4 or
better, and the nonhospital building remains under
the jurisdiction of OSHPD.

1224.4.1.2 Services/systems and utilities for skilled
nursing facilities, intermediate care facilities, and cor-
rectional treatment centers.

1224.4.1.2.1 New buildings and additions. Ser-
vices/systems and utilities for new buildings and addi-
tions shall not originate in or pass through or under
structures that do not comply with the structural
requirements of the 1973 edition or later edition of the
California Building Standards Code. The structures
must be under the jurisdiction of OSHPD.

Exception: As an alternate to this section, skilled
nursing and intermediate care facilities, and cor-
rectional treatment centers may meet the require-
ments in Section 1224.4. 1.1 for hospital buildings.

1224.4.1.2.2 Alterations and remodels. Services/sys-
tems and utilities for alterations or remodels of exist-
ing buildings may pass through structures that do not
comply with the structural requirements of the 1973
edition or later edition of the California Building
Standards Code, provided that the structure is under
the jurisdiction of OSHPD, and the new services/sys-
tems and utilities passing through the buildings are
anchored and braced for seismic forces in accor-
dance with these regulations for new buildings and
are free of adverse seismic interactions caused by
potentialfailure of overhead or adjacent components.

1224.4.2 Service spaces. Spaces for dietary, laundry,
morgue, ambulance entrance, receiving areas, power
plants, mechanical equipment, incinerator, garbage can

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

cleaning, automobile parking and storage areas for gar-
bage, trash and medical gases shall be located and
constructed to minimize noise, steam, odors, hazards and
unsightliness in patient-care areas and bedrooms.

1224.4.3 Treatment spaces. Radiology, laboratory, phar-
macy, physical therapy and service spaces serving only out-
patients and similar outpatient service departments shall
not be located in nursing units, surgical units, perinatal
units, nursery areas, central sterilization rooms, food-ser-
vice' areas, power plants, mechanical equipment rooms,
maintenance shops, general storage, laundry, employees'
dressing or housekeeping facilities.

Exception: Physical and occupational therapy spaces of
a rehabilitation service may serve both outpatients and
inpatients.

1224.4.4 Examination or treatment room. Unless specified
elsewhere, if a treatment room or an exam room is provided,
it shall have a minimum clear floor area of 80 square feet
{7.4 m^), the least dimension of which shall be 8 feet (2438
mm). The room shall contain a handwashing fixture.

1224.4.5 Outpatient access. If x-ray examinations are to be
performed on outpatients, outpatient access to the radiolog-
ical spaces shall not traverse a nursing unit.

Exception: Satellite radiology, laboratory, pharmacy,
physical and occupational therapy space serving inpa-
tients may be located in nursing units and inpatient treat-
ment areas.

1224.4.6 Oxygen, vacuum and medical air.

1224.4.6.1 Outlets/inlets. Shall comply with Table
1224.2.

1224.4.6.2 Gas andvacuum systems. The design, instal-
lation and testing of medical gas and vacuum systems
shall conform toNFPA 99.

1224.4.6.3 Hyperbaric faciUties. The design and con-
struction of hyperbaric facilities shall conform to NFPA
99.

1224.4.6.4 Laboratories. The design and construction of
hospital laboratories shall conform to NFPA 99.

1224.4.6.5 Bulk oxygen systems. Bulk oxygen systems
shall conform to NFPA 50.

1224.4.7 Corridors.

1224.4.7.1 Width. The minimum width of corridors and
hallways shall be 8 feet (2438 mm).

Exception: Patient-care corridors and hallways in
hospitals for psychiatric care of patients who are not
bedridden shall have a minimum clear and unob-
structed width of 6 feet (1829 mm). For the purposes
of this section, bedridden patients shall be defined as
patients confined to beds who would be transported
or evacuated in beds or litters.

1224.4. 7.2 Light traffic. Service corridors and hallways
with anticipated light traffic volume for nonpatient use

may be reduced to a width of 5 feet (1524 mm) if
approved by the enforcing agency.

Exception: Corridors and hallways in administrative
and business areas may be reduced to a width of 44
inches (1118 mm).

1224.4.7.3 Outpatient services. Outpatient clinics or
outpatient departments which contain facilities for out-
patient use only, such as laboratory, x-ray, physical ther-
apy or occupational therapy, shall have a minimum
corridor or hallway width of 5 feet (1524 mm). Outpa-
tient clinics and outpatient departments consisting only
of waiting rooms, business offices, doctor's offices, and
examining rooms, where there is no traffic through such
area to other services or to exits from the building, shall
have a minimum corridor or hallway width of 44 inches
(1118 mm).

1224.4.7.4 Handrails. Corridors for patient traffic in
areas providing skilled nursing, intermediate care or
rehabilitation services shall be furnished with a handrail
on both sides at a height not less than 30 inches (762 mm)
or greater than 36 inches (914 mm).

1224.4. 7.5 Connections. Corridor systems shall connect
all patient rooms and essential services.

Exception: Covered pedestrian walkways connecting
separate buildings are permitted for ambulatory, psy-
chiatric or chemical dependency patients.

1224.4.8 Doors and door openings.

1224.4.8.1 Toilet room doors. Doors to toilet rooms
shall have an opening of not less than 32 inches (813
mm) clear in width and shall be equipped with hardware
which will permit the door to swing outward or in a man-
ner to negate the need to push against a patient who may
have collapsed within the toilet room.

1224.4.8.2 Pocket doors. Pocket sliding doors are not
permitted.

Exception: Administration and business areas.

1224.4.9 Windows and screens.

1224.4.9.1 Windows. Rooms approvedfor the housing of
patients shall be provided With natural light by means of
exterior glazed openings excluding clerestory window,
obscure glass and skylights, with an area not less than
one tenth of the total floor area.

Exception: Intensive-care newborn nurseries.

1224.4.9.2 Operation and sills. Patient room windows
shall have sills not more than 36 inches (914 mm) above
the floor. If operable windows are provided that require
the use of tools or keys for operation, the tools or keys
shall be located at the nurses' station.

Exception: Window sills in intensive-care units may
be 60 inches (1524 mm) above the floor.

1224.4,9,2,1 Airborne infection isolation or protec-
tive environment rooms. If operable windows are

558

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

provided in airborne infection isolation or protective
environment rooms, they shall only be operable by the
use of tools or keys which shall be located at the
nurses' station.

1224.4.9.3 Psychiatric unit windows. Safety glass or
plastic glazing materials shall be used in windows in
psychiatric patient areas.

1224.4.9.4 Screens. Windows which may be frequently
left in an open position shall be provided with insect
screens of 16 meshes to the inch.

1224. 4.9. 5 Light and ventilation. All portions of a build-
ing used by patients, personnel or other persons shall be
provided with artificial light and a mechanically oper-
ated ventilating system as specified in the California
Electrical Code and the California Mechanical Code.

1224.4.10 Ceiling heights.

1224.4.10.1 Minimum height. The minimum height of
ceilings shall be 8 feet (2438 mm).

Exception: Closet, toilet room and bathroom mini-
mum ceiling heights shall not be less than 7 feet (2134
mm).

1224.4.10.2 Minimum height with fixed ceiling equip-
ment. Operating rooms, emergency rooms, delivery
rooms, radiographic rooms and other rooms containing
ceiling-mounted, major fixed equipment or ceil-
ing-mounted surgical light fixtures shall have ceiling
heights to accommodate the equipment or fixtures and
their normal movement.

1224.4.11 Interior finishes.

1224.4.11.1 Floor finishes. Floor finishes shall be
smooth, waterproof and durable.

Exceptions:

1. Upon written appropriate documented request,
the licensing agency may grant approval of the
installation of carpet. See Table 1224.1.

2. Wall and ceiling finish requirements of Section
1224.4. II do not apply to boiler rooms, me-
chanical equipment rooms, administration de-
partments, other offices, enclosed stairways,
maintenance shops and similar spaces.

1224.4.11.1.1 Coved base. Resilient flooring, if used
in toilet and bathing rooms, shall be continuous and
extend upward onto the walls at least 5 inches (127
mm).

1224.4.11.2 Wall bases.

1224.4.11.2.1 Material. The material and textures of
bases and the installation thereof shall be such as to
minimize dust-catching surfaces, moisture, infiltra-
tion and the harboring of vermin.

Exception: In locations where carpet is permitted
as a floor finish material, the use of carpeted base
(coved or strip base) up to a maximum height of 5
inches (127 mm) is also permissible.

1224.4.11.2.2 Wet cleaning. Wall bases in kitchens,
operating rooms, delivery rooms, emergency operat-
ing rooms, cast rooms, special procedure rooms and
other areas which are subject to wet cleaning methods
shall be made integral and coved with thefioor, and
constructed without voids at the intersection of floor
and wall surfaces.

1224.4.11.3 Walls. Interior wall finishes shall be
smooth, washable and durable.

1224.4.11.4 Ceilings. Ceiling finishes shall comply with
Table I224.I.

1224.4.12 Courts. Where one or more walls of a court con-
tain a door or window of one or more patients' bedrooms,
the least dimension of the court shall be 20 feet (6096 mm)
between facing structures.

1224.4.13 Elevators.

1224.4.13.1 Patient. Patient elevators shall have mini-
mum inside platform dimensions of 5 feet by 8 feet (1524
mm by 2438 mm), and a minimum clear door opening of
4 feet inches (12 19 mm).

1224.4.13.2 Passenger. Passenger elevators shall have
minimum inside platform dimensions of 4 feet 8 inches by
7 feet 4 inches (1422 mm by 2236 mm).

1224.4.13.3 Patient services. Buildings over one story in
height with accommodations or services for patients on
floors without grade-level entrance shall provide at least
one passenger or patient elevator.

1224.4.13.4 Low patient capacity. If bed patients are
accommodated on one or more floors, other than the
main entrance floor or where operating rooms or deliv-
ery rooms are above or below the main entrance floor, at
least one patient elevator shall be provided.

1224.4.13.5 Medium patient capacity. At least one
patient elevator and one service elevator shall be pro-
vided in hospitals with a capacity of from 60 to 149 beds
on floors other than the main entrance floor.

1224.4.13.6 High patient capacity. At least one patient
elevator, one passenger elevator and one service eleva-
tor shall be provided in hospitals with a capacity of 150
or more beds on floors other than the main entrance
floor

1224.4.14 Garbage, solid waste and trash storage. Rooms
or screening enclosures shall be provided for the washing
and cleaning of garbage containers and for the storage of
garbage, trash and other solid wastes. Such rooms or
screening enclosures shall include the following:

1. A concrete floor with a curb and with a drain con-
nected to the sewer

2. Steam or hot-water and cold-water supply.

3. A minimumfloor area o/ Vj square foot (0. 046 m^) per
bed, but not less than 25 square feet (2. 3 m^), the least
dimension of which shall be 4 feet (1219 mm).

4. A method of limiting access to the material except by
authorized persons.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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TABLE 1224.1
ACCEPTABLE CEILING AND CARPET LOCATIONS

AREAS/ROOMS

GENERAL ACUTE

HOSPITAL
CEILING/CARPET

ACUTE PSYCHIATRIC

HOSPITAL

CEILING/CARPET

SKILLED NURSING AND

INTERMEDIATE-CARE

FACILITIES

CARPET/CEILING

SURGICAL CLINICS AND

OTHERS

CEILINGS/CARPET

Patient bedrooms

Patient corridors/hallways

Airborne infection isolation or
Protective environment rooms

Nurses' or administration station

Utility rooms

Surgical units (Note 2)
Operation rooms
Surgical corridors/hallways

1
3

N
N
Y

2
1
3

N
N
N

Recovery

Radiological unit (Note 2)
X-ray rooms (Note 1)

3
3

*
N

3
3

Treatment rooms (Note 2)

Examination rooms

Administration

Central sterile supply

Clinical laboratories

Pharmacy

Morgue and autopsy

General storage rooms

Housekeeping rooms

Laundry

Soiled linen

Clean linen

Kitchens

Dining rooms

Diswasher rooms

Dietary day storage

Catheterization laboratory

Chronic dialysis

Coronary care

Dental

Hydrotherapy

Intensive-care nursery

(continued)

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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TABLE 1224.1— continued
ACCEPTABLE CEILING AND CARPET LOCATIONS

AREAS/ROOMS

GENERAL ACUTE

HOSPITAL
CEILING/CARPET

ACUTE PSYCHIATRIC

HOSPITAL

CEILING/CARPET

SKILLED NURSING AND

INTERMEDIATE-CARE

FACILITIES

CARPET/CEILING

SURGICAL CLINICS AND

OTHERS

CEILINGS/CARPET

Intensive care

Occupational therapy

Obstetrical unit (Note 2)
Delivery rooms
Labor rooms, LDRP and LDR

1
3

*
N
N

Nurseries

Physical therapy

Radiation therapy

Speech pathology and audiology

Ceilings: Carpets:

1 - Continuous surface equal in smoothness to enamel plaster. Yes - Y

2 - Smooth and easily cleanable without performance or fissures. No = N

3 - Pin perforated, fine fissured or lightly textured.
4 '- Any finish meeting code requirements.
Notes:

1. Carpet permitted in mammography.

2. Except those rooms specified otherwise.

* Upon approval by the licensing agency with adequate maintenance procedure . However, should the carpet not be maintained adequately the licensing agency has

the right to have it removed and replaced with another acceptable material.
For rooms not listed, contact the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD).
For surgery and dialysis clinics, only patient-care areas are applicable.
Table applies to new construction, additions, remodels and conversions. The patching and replacement of existing materials will be permitted.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

561

INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

TABLE 1224.2
STATION OUTLETS FOR OXYGEN, VACUUM (SUCTION), AND MEDICAL Alff

LOCATION

OXYGEN

VACUUM

MEDICAL
AIR

Patient rooms (medical and surgical)

1/bed

Examination or treatment (medical, surgical, and postpartum care)

1/room

Airborne infection isolation or Protective environment (medical and
surgical)

1/bed

Security room (medical, surgical, and postpartum)

1/bed

Intensive care (general)

3/bed

1/bed

Airborne infection isolation (intensive care)

3/bed

1/bed

Coronary-care service space

3/bed

2/bed

1/bed

Pediatric intensive care

3/bed

1/bed

Newborn intensive care

3/bassinet

Newborn nursery (full term)

1/4 bassinets^

Pediatric and adolescent

1/bed

Pediatric nursery

1/bassinet

Psychiatric patient room

Seclusion treatment room

General operating room

2/room

3/room

Cardio, ortho, neurological

2/room

3/room

„

Orthopedic surgery

2/room

3/room

Surgical cysto and endo

1/room

3/room

Post-anesthesia care unit

1/bed

3/bed

1/bed

Anesthesia workroom

1 per workstation

Phase 11 recovery^

1/bed

3/bed

Postpartum bedroom

1/bed

Cesarean operating/delivery room

2/room

3/room

1/room

Infant resuscitation station''

1/bassinet

Labor room

2/bed

„

OB recovery room

1/bed

3/bed

1/room

Labor/delivery/recovery (LDRf

2/bed

Labor/deliver/recovery/postpartum(LDRPf

2/bed

Initial emergency management

1/bed

Triage area (definitive emergency care)

1/station

Definitive emergency care examination or treatment

1/bed

Definitive emergency care holding area

1/bed

Trauma/cardiac room(s)

2/bed

3/bed

1/bed

Orthopedic and cast room

1/room

Cardiac catheterization lab

2/bed

Autopsy room

1 per workstation

1. For any areaorroomriotdescribedabove, the faciUtycUnicalstaffshalldetermine outlet requirements after corisultationwiththeauthorityhavingjurisdictiori.

2. Four bassinets may share one outlet that is accessible to each bassinet

3. If Phase II recovery area is a separate area from the PACU, only one vacuum per bed or station shall be required.

4. When infant resuscitation takes place in a room such as cesarean section/delivery or LDRP, then the infant resuscitation services must be provided in that room in
addition to the minimum service required for the mother.

5. Two outlets for mother and two for one bassinet.

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1224.4.15 Housekeeping room. This room shall be a mini-
mum floor area of 15 square feet (1.4 m^). It shall contain a
service sink or floor receptor and provisions for storage of
supplies and housekeeping equipment.

1224.4.16 Laundry and trash chutes. Gravity-type laundry
and trash chutes shall have a minimum diameter of 2 feet
(610 mm) and shall be designed to prevent distribution of
airborne contaminating elements to all floors served.

Each floor accommodating patients shall have a tele-
phone installed for patient use. Such telephones shall be
readily accessible to patients who are limited to wheel
chairs and stretchers. This may not be required in separate
buildings having six or fewer beds which are restricted to
occupancy by ambulatory patients.

1224.5 Reserved

1224.6 Reserved

1224.7 Reserved

1224.8 Reserved

1224.9 Reserved

1224.10 Reserved

1224.11 Reserved

1224.12 Reserved

1224.13 Reserved

BASIC SERVICES
1224.14 NURSING SERVICE SPACE.
1224.14.1 Patient rooms.

1224.14.1.1 Capacity. No patient room shall be designed
to accommodate more than eight beds.

1224.14.1.2 Space requirements. In new construction,
patient rooms shall have a minimum of 100 square feet
(9.29 m^) of clear floor area per bed in multiple-bed
rooms and 120 square feet (11.15 m^) of clear floor area
for single-bed rooms. The dimensions and arrangement
of rooms shall be such that there is a minimum of 3 feet
(914 mm) between the sides and foot of the bed and any
wall or any other fixed obstruction.' In multiple-bed
rooms, a clearance of 4 feet (1219 mm) shall be available
at the foot of each bed to permit the passage of equipment
and beds.

Exceptions:

1. Where renovation of existing patient rooms is
undertaken in facilities built under the 2001 or
prior California Building Code, patient rooms
shall have no less than 80 square feet (7.43 m^)
of clear floor area per bed in multiple-bed
rooms and 110 square feet. (10.22 m^) of clear
floor area in single-bed rooms.

2. For shelled spaces built under the 2001 or prior
California Building Code, patient rooms shall
have no less than 80 square feet (7.43 m^) of
clear floor area per bed in multiple-bed rooms

and 110 square feet (10.22 m^) of clear floor
area in single-bed rooms.

1224.14.1.3 Windows. Each patient room shall have a
window in accordance with Section 1224.4.9.

1224.14.1.4 Arrangement. Patient rooms shall not be
designed to permit the placement of beds more than three
deep from the exterior window, but shall be of such shape
and dimensions to allow for the performance of routine
functions, including the easy transfer of patients to and
from bed to wheelchair or wheeled gurney.

1224.14.1.5 Outside exposure. All patient bedrooms
shall have an outside exposure and shall not be below
ground level.

1224.14.1.6 Handwashing fixtures. A handwashing fix-
ture shall be provided in the patient room. In multi-
ple-bed rooms the handwashing fixture shall be located
outside of the patient's cubicle curtain so that it is acces-
sible to staff. Where renovation of patient rooms is under-
taken a handwashing fixture shall be located in the toilet
room or patient room.

1224.14.1.7 Toilet room. Each patient shall have access
to a toilet room without having to enter the general corri-
dor area. One toilet room shall serve no more than four
beds and no more than two patient rooms. The toilet
room shall contain a water closet and a lavatory and the
door shall swing outward or be double acting.

1224.14.1.8 Patient storage. Each patient shall have
within his or her room a separate wardrobe, locker, or
closet suitable for hanging full-length garments and for
storing personal effects.

1224.14.1.9 Privacy. In multiple-bed rooms, visual pri-
vacy from casual observation by other patients and visi-
tors shall be provided for each patient. The design for
privacy shall not restrict patient access to the entrance,
lavatory, or toilet room.

1224.14.2 Service areas. Unless otherwise indicated, provi-
sion for the services listed below shall be in or readily avail-
able to each nursing unit. The size and location of each
service area will depend upon the numbers and types of beds
served. Identifiable spaces are required for each of the indi-
cated functions. Each service area may be arranged and
located to serve more than one nursing unit but, unless
noted otherwise, at least one such service area shall be pro-
vided on each nursing floor. Where the words "room" or
"offices" are used, a separate, enclosed space for the one
named function is intended; otherwise, the described area
may be specific space in another room or common area.

1224.14.2.1 Administrative center(s) or nurse sta-

tion(s). This area shall have space for counters and stor-
age and shall have convenient access to handwashing
fixtures. It may be combined with or include centers for
reception, charting and communication.

1224.14.2.2 Nurse or supervisor office.

1224.14.2.3 Toiletroom(s) conveniently located for staff
use.

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1224.14.2.4 Multipurpose room(s) for staff, patients,
patients' families for patient conferences, reports, edu-
cation, training sessions, and consultation. These rooms
must be accessible to each nursing unit. They may be on
other floors if convenient for regular use. One such room
may serve several nursing units and/or departments.

1224.14.2.5 Examination or treatment room(s ). Exam-
ination or treatment rooms are optional. If provided, pro-
vision shall be made to preserve patient privacy from
observation from outside the exam room though an open
door.

1224.14.2.6 Clean utility room. If the room is used for
preparing patient care items, it shall contain a work
counter, a handwashing fixture, and storage facilities for
clean and sterile supplies. If the room is used only for
storage and holding as part of a system for distribution of
clean and sterile materials, the work counter and
handwashing fixture may be omitted. Soiled and clean
utility or holding rooms shall be separated and have no
direct connection.

1224.14.2.7 Soiled workroom or soiled holding room.

This room shall be separate from the clean utility room.
The soiled workroom utilities room shall contain a clini-
cal sink (or equivalent flushing-rim fixture). The room
shall contain a handwashing fixture. The above fixtures
shall both have a hot and cold mixing faucet. The room
shall have a work counter and space for separate cov-
ered containers for soiled linen and waste. Rooms used
only for temporary holding of soiled material may omit
the clinical sink and work counter. If the flushing-rim
clinical sink is eliminated, facilities for cleaning bedpans
shall be provided elsewhere.

1224.14.2.8 Medication station. Provision shall be
made for distribution of medications. This shall be done
from a medicine preparation room or from a self-con-
tained medicine dispensing unit.

1224.14.2.8.1 Medicine preparation room. If pro-
vided, this room shall be directly accessible from the
nursing station. It shall contain a work counter,
handwashing fixture, refrigerator, and locked storage
for controlled drugs. When a medicine preparation
room is to be used to store one or more self-contained
medicine dispensing units, the room shall be designed
with adequate space to prepare medicines with the
self-contained medicine dispensing unit(s) present.

1224.14.2.8.2 Self-contained medicine dispensing
unit. If provided, a self-contained medicine dispens-
ing unit shall be located at the nurses' station, in the
clean utility room, or in an alcove.

1224.14.2.9 Clean linen storage. Each nursing unit
shall contain a designated area for clean linen storage.
This may be within the clean utility room or a separate
closet.

1224.14.2.10 Nourishment area. There shall be a nour-
ishment area with sink, work counter, refrigerator, stor-
age cabinets, and equipment for hot and cold
nourishment between scheduled meals. The nourishment

area shall include space for trays and dishes used for
nonscheduled meal service. Provisions and space shall
be included for separate temporary storage of unused
and soiled dietary trays not picked up at mealtime.
Handwashing fixtures shall be in or adjacent to the nour-
ishment area.

1224.14.2.11 Ice machine. Each nursing unit shall have
equipment to provide ice for treatments and nourish-
ment. Ice making equipment may be in the clean utility
room/holding room or at the nourishment station. Ice
intended for human consumption shall be from self-dis-
pensing icemakers.

1224.14.2.12 Equipment storage room. Appropriate
room(s) shall be provided for storage of equipment nec-
essary for patient care. Each unit shall provide not less
than 10 square feet (0.93 m^) per patient bed.

1224.14.2.13 Gurneys and wheelchairs. Provide a stor-
age room or alcove for gurneys and wheelchairs which
shall be a minimum of 15 square feet (1.39 m^).

1224.14.2.14 Showers and bathtubs. When individual
bathing facilities are not provided inpatient rooms, there
shall be at least one shower and/or bathtub for each 12
beds without such facilities. Each bathtub or shower
shall be in an individual room or enclosure that provides
privacy for bathing, drying, and dressing. Special bath-
ing facilities, including space for attendant, shall be pro-
vided for patients on gurneys, carts, and wheelchairs at
the ratio of one per 100 beds or a fraction thereof. This
may be on a separate floor if convenient for use.

1224.14.2.15 Patient toilet ropm(s), in addition to those
serving bed areas, shall be conveniently located to multi-
purpose room(s) and within or directly accessible to
each central bathing facility.

1224.14.2.16 Emergency equipment storage. Space
shall be provided for emergency equipment that is under
direct control of the nursing staff, such as a
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) cart. This space
shall be directly accessible from the nursing station, but
out of normal traffic.

1224.14.2.17 Housekeeping room.

1224.14.3 Airborne infection isolation rooms.

1224.14.3.1 General. Single rooms shall be provided for
the isolation of patients with airborne communicable
disease at a ratio of one room for each 35 licensed beds,
or major fraction thereof At least one airborne infection
isolation room shall be provided. Airborne infection iso-
lation rooms shall be labeled with the words "Airborne
Infection Room" on or adjacent to the anteroom side of
the door between the isolation room and the anteroom.

Exceptions:

1. Acute psychiatric hospitals shall provide air-
borne infection isolation rooms at the ratio of
one room for each 50 beds, or major fraction
thereof

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2. Airborne infection isolation rooms are not re-
quired for chemical dependency recovery ser-
vices.

1224.14.3.2 Anteroom doors. Airborne infection isola-
tion room(s) shall have self-closing and latching devices
on all anteroom doors.

1224.14.3.3 Anteroom. A separate anteroom shall be
provided between the airborne infection isolation room
and the corridor, which shall constitute the primary
entrance to the airborne infection isolation room. This
anteroom shall have a handwashing fixture, work coun-
ter at least 3 feet (914 mm) long, cabinets and space to
gown and to store clean and soiled materials. There shall
be a view window from the anteroom to the isolation
room and means to allow for airflow from the anteroom
into the airborne infection isolation room. Doors shall
be aligned to allow large equipment to be wheeled into
the airborne infection isolation room unless a secondary
door complying with Section 1224.14.3.2 is provided.
One anteroom may serve no more than two airborne
infection isolation rooms.

1224.14.3.4 Secondary entry. When a secondary entry is
provided, the secondary doors shall be provided with
locking devices which are readily operable from the
room side and which are readily operable by the facility
staff on the other side. When key locks are used on isola-
tion rooms, keys shall be located at the nurses' station in
a prominent readily accessible location.

1224.14.3.5 Sealed-tight room. Airborne infection iso-
lation room perimeter walls, ceilings, floors, doors, and
penetrations shall be sealed tightly to minimize air infil-
tration from the outside or from other spaces.

1224.14.3.6 Adjoining toilet room. Each isolation room
shall have its own adjoining toilet room with an emer-
gency nurse call system, a lavatory, a shower providing a
seat or a space for a shower chair and a toilet equipped
with a bedpan flushing attachment with a vacuum
breaker.

1224.14.4 Protective environment room(s).

1224.14.4.1 General Protective environment rooms for
the protection of certain immunosuppressed patients
may be provided by the facility. Protective environment
rooms shall be labeled." Protective Environment Room"
on or adjacent to the anteroom side of the door between
the isolation room and the anteroom. Protective environ-
ment rooms shall contain only one bed.

1224.14.4.2 Anteroom doors. Protective environment
room (s) shall have self-closing and latching devices on
all anteroom doors.

1224.14.4.3 Anteroom. A separate anteroom shall be
provided between the protective environment room and
the corridor, hallway or adjoining space which shall
constitute the only entrance to the protective environ-
ment room. This anteroom shall have a handwashing fix-
ture, work counter at least 3 feet (914 mm) long, cabinets

and space to gown and to store clean and soiled materi-
als. There shall be a view window from the anteroom to
the protective environment room. There shall be means to
allow for airflow from the protective environment room
into the anteroom. Anteroom doors shall be aligned so
that large equipment can be wheeled into the protective
environment room. One anteroom may serve no more
than one protective environment room.

Exception: Alternate designs for protective environ-
ment rooms, without individual anterooms, may be
approved by the enforcement agency when it can be
demonstrated that the alternate design meets the
requirements of the California Mechanical Code and
does not compromise or alter any health or fire pro-
tection component, assembly or system.

1224.14.4.4 Adjoining toilet room. Room shall meet the
requirements of Section 1224.14.4.5.

1224.14.4.5 Sealed-tight room. Protective environment
room perimeter walls, ceiling, floors, doors, and pene-
trations shall be sealed tightly to minimize air infiltration
from the outside or from other spaces.

1224.14.5 Seclusion room(s). If provided, the hospital shall
provide one or more single bedrooms for patients needing
close supervision for medical and/or psychiatric care. This
may be part of the psychiatric unit described in Section
1224.31. If the single bedroom(s) is part of the acute-care
' nursing unit, the provisions of Section 1224.14.1 shall
apply, with the following exceptions: each room shall be for
single occupancy; each shall be located to permit staff
observation of the entrance, preferably adjacent to the
nurses' station; and each shall be designed to minimize the
potential for escape, hiding, injury, or suicide. If vision pan-
els are used for observation of patients, the arrangement
shall insure patient privacy and prevent casual observation
by visitors and other patients.

1224.15 SURGICAL SERVICE SPACE. A minimum of one
operating room and one recovery bed is required. The surgical
service space shall be located and arranged to prevent
nonrelated traffic through the service space.

1224.15.1 Surgery.

1224.15.1.1 General operating room(s). In new con-
struction, each room shall have a minimum clear floor
area of 400 square feet (37.16 m^) with a minimum of 20
feet (6096 mm) clear dimension between fixed cabinets
and built-in shelves; and a system for emergency com-
munication with the surgical service space control sta-
tion. X-ray or imaging viewing capabilities shall be
provided.

Exception:

1. Where renovation of existing operating rooms
is undertaken in facilities built under the 2001
or prior California Building Code, each oper-
ating room shall have a minimum clear floor
area of 324 square feet (30.10 m^) with a mini-

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mum of 18 feet (5486 mm) clear dimension be-
tween fixed cabinets and built-in shelves.

2. For shelled floor spaces built under the 2001 or
prior California Building Code, each existing
operating room shall have a minimum clear
floor area of 324 square feet (30.10 m^) with a
minimum of 18 feet (5486 mm) clear dimension
between fixed cabinets and built-in shelves.

1224.15.1.2 Surgical cystoscopic and other endo-uro-
logic procedures. In new construction each room shall
have a minimum clear floor area of 250 square feet
(23.23 m^) with a minimum of 15 feet (4572 mm) clear
• dimension between fixed cabinets and built-in shelves.
X-ray viewing capability shall be provided.

Exception:

1. Where renovation of operating rooms is under-
taken in facilities built under the 2001 or prior
California Building Code rooms for surgical
cystoscopy shall have a minimum clear floor
area of 180 square feet (16.72 m^). Cast rooms
for open reductions, if provided, shall have a
minimum clear floor area of 180 square feet
(16.72 m^), no dimension of which shall be less
than 11 feet (3353 mm).

2. For shelled spaces built under the 2001 or prior
California Building Code, each surgical
cystoscopy shall have a minimum clear floor
area of 180 square feet (16.72 m^). Cast rooms
for open reductions, if provided, shall have a
minimum floor area of 180 square feet (16.72
m^), no dimension of which shall be less than 11
feet (3353 mm).

1224.15.2 Preoperative patient holding area(s). In facili-
ties with two or more operating rooms, area(s) shall be pro-
vided to accommodate gumey patients or sitting space for
ambulatory patients not requiring gurneys. These area(s)
shall be under the direct visual control of the nursing staff
and may be part of the recovery service space. Each gumey
station shall be a minimum clear floor area of 80 square feet
(7.43 rr?) and shall have a minimum clearance of 3 feet (914
mm) on the sides of the gurneys and the foot of the gumey.
Provisions for patient privacy such as cubicle curtains shall
be made.

1224.15.3 Service areas. Services, except for the enclosed
soiled workroom referenced in Section 1224.15.3.7 and the
housekeeping room referenced in Section 1224.15.3.12.
Housekeeping room may be shared with the obstetrical
facilities. Service areas, when shared with delivery rooms,
shall be designed to avoid the passing of patients or staff
between the operating room and the delivery room areas.

1224.15.3.1 Control station. Control stations shall be
located to permit visual observation of all traffic into the
surgical service space.

1224.15.3.2 Supervisor's office or station.

1224.15.3.3 Sub sterile areas. If provided,, a sub sterile
area(s) shall be equipped with a flash sterilizer, warming

cabinet, and handwashing fixture. Alternatively, a steril-
izing facility (ies) with high-speed sterilizer(s) or other
sterilizing equipment for immediate or emergency use
must be grouped to several operating rooms for conve-
nient, efficient use. A work space and handwashing fix-
ture shall be included. Other facilities for processing and
sterilizing reusable instruments, etc., may be located in
another hospital department such as central services.

1224.15.3.4 Medication station. Shall be provided in
accordance with Section 1224.14.2.8.

1224.15.3.5 Scrub facilities. Scrub sinks shall be
located outside of sterile areas. A minimum of two scrub
sinks shall be provided in a surgical unit containing one
operating room. Four scrub sinks shall be provided in
surgical units containing two operating rooms. One
additional scrub sink shall be provided for each addi-
tional operating room. Scrub sinks shall have water sup-
ply controls not requiring direct contact of the hands for
operation.

1224.15.3.6 Clock. A direct-wired or battery-operated
clock or other equivalent timing device shall be visible
from the scrub-up sinks.

1224.15.3.7 Soiled workroom. An enclosed soiled work-
room (or soiled holding room that is part of a system for
the collection and disposal of soiled material) for the
exclusive use of the surgical service space shall be pro-
vided. The soiled workroom shall contain a flushing-rim
clinical sink or equivalent flushing-rim fixture, a
handwashing fixture, a work counter, and space for
waste receptacles and soiled linen receptacles. Rooms
used only for temporary holding of soiled material may
omit the flushing-rim clinical sink and work counters.
However, if the flushing-rim clinical sink is omitted,
other provisions for disposal of liquid waste shall be pro-
vided. The room shall not have direct connection with
operating rooms. Soiled and clean utility room or hold-
ing rooms shall be separated. The soiled workroom shall
provide 24 square feet (2.23 m^)per operating room up to
eight operating rooms and shall have a minimum area of
48 square feet (4.46 m^), with no dimension less than 6
feet (1829 mm).

1224.15.3.8 Clean utility room. This room shall not be
used for food preparation.

1. A clean utility room is required when clean materi-
als are assembled within the surgical service space
prior to use or following the decontamination cy-
cle. It shall contain a work counter, a handwashing
fixture, storage facilities for clean supplies, and a
space to package reusable items. The storage for
sterile supplies must be separated from this space.
If the room is used only for storage and holding as
part of a system for distribution of clean supply
materials, the work counter and handwashing fix-
ture may be omitted. Soiled and clean utility rooms
or holding rooms shall be separated.

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2. An operating room service space design with a
sterile core must provide for no cross traffic of staff
and supplies from the decontaminated/soiled ar-
eas to the sterile/clean areas. The use of facilities
outside' the operating room for soiled/decontami-
nated processing and clean assembly and sterile
processing will be designed to move the flow of
goods and personnel from dirty to clean/sterile
without compromising universal precautions or
aseptic techniques in both departments.

1224.15.3.9 Anesthesia workroom. Provide an anesthe-
sia workroomfor cleaning, testing, and storing anesthe-
sia equipment. This room shall contain work counter(s)
and sink(s) and racks for cylinders.

1224.15.3.10 Equipment storage room(s) for equip-
ment and supplies used in surgical service space. Each
surgical service space shall provide sufficient storage
area to keep its required corridor width free of equipment
and supplies, but not less than 150 square feet (13.94 m^)
or 50 square feet (4.65 m^) per operating room, which-
ever is greater

1224.15.3.11 Staff clothing change areas. Appropriate
areas shall be provided for male and female personnel
(orderlies, technicians, nurses, and doctors) working
within the surgical service space. The areas shall contain
lockers, showers, toilets, lavatories equipped for
handwashing, and space for donning surgical attire.
These areas shall be arranged to encourage a one-way
traffic pattern so that personnel entering from outside the
surgical service space can change and move directly into
the surgical service space.

1224.15.3.12 Housekeeping room. Shall be provided for
the exclusive use of the surgical service space. It shall be
directly accessible from the service space.

1224.16 ANESTHESIA SERVICE SPACE.

1224.16.1 Post-anesthetic care units (PACUs). Each PACU
shall contain a medication station in accordance with Sec-
tion 1224.14.2.8; handwashing fixtures; nurse control with
charting facilities; clinical sink, refrigerator, provisions for
bedpan cleaning; and storage space for gurneys, supplies,
and equipment. Additionally, the design shall provide a
minimum of 80 square feet (7.43 m^)for eachpatient station
with clearance of at least 5 feet (1524 mm) between patient
gurneys and 4 feet (1218 mm) between patient gurneys and
adjacent walls. Provisions for patient privacy such as cubi-
cle curtains shall be made. In new construction, at least one
door to the recovery room shall access directly from the sur-
gical service space without crossing public corridors.
Handwashing fixtures shall be provided with at least one for
every four gurneys uniformly distributed to provide equal
access from each patient gurney.

1224. 1 7 CLINICAL LABORATORY SERVICE SPACE.

1224.17.1 General requirements. All hospitals shall pro-
vide space and equipment to perform urinalysis, complete
blood counts, hemoglobin blood typing and cross matching.
If laboratory facilities for bacteriological, serological,
pathological and additional hematological procedures are

not available in the community, then space, equipment and
supplies for such procedures shall be provided. The follow-
ing physical facilities shall be provided;

1. Laboratory work space.

2. Refrigerated blood storage facilities for transfusions
shall be provided. Blood storage refrigerator shall be
equipped with temperature-monitoring and alarm
signals that are monitored continuously.

3. Handwashing fixture.

1224.18 RADIOLOGICAUIMAGING SERVICE SPACE.

1224.18.1 Minimum requirements. Hospital shall provide
a minimum of:

1. One fluoroscopy room, which can also provide x-ray
examination services.

2. Space for processing images.

3. A toilet room adjoining each fluoroscopy room, in ad-
dition to other toilet room facilities located adjacent
to or in the immediate vicinity.

4. An office or other suitable area for viewing and re-
porting radiographic examination.

5. Storage spaces for all image equipment, supplies and
copies of reports.

6. Handwashing fixtures located within the unit.

7. Dressing room facilities.

1224.18.1.1 Radiation protection. A certified physicist
or other qualified expert shall specify the type, location,
and amount of radiation protection to be installed in
accordance with the final approved department layout
and equipment selections. Where protected alcoves with
view windows are required, a minimum of r-6" (0.45
meter) between the view window and the outside parti-
tion edge shall be provided. Radiation protection
requirements shall be incorporated into the specifica-
tions and the building plans and comply with Chapter
31C.

1224.18.2 Angiography. If provided, angiography space
shall accommodate the following:

1. A control room with a view window to permit full view
of the patient.

2. A scrub sink located outside the staff entry to the pro-
cedure room.

3. Patient holding area shall accommodate at least one
patient gurney with a minimum of 3-foot (1524 mm)
clearance on the long side.

4. Storage for portable equipment and catheters shall be
provided.

1224.18.3 Computerized tomography (CT) scanning. If

provided, CT space shall accommodate the following:

1224.18.3.1 Spaces required. If provided, CT scan
spaces shall accommodate the equipment with a mini-
mum of 3 feet (1524 mm) on all sides of the equipment,
together with the following:

1. A control room shall be provided that is designed
to accommodate the computer and other controls

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INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

for the equipment. A view window shall be pro-
vided to permit view of the patient.

2. A patient toilet room convenient to the procedure
room.

1224.18.4 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If pro-
vided, the MRI room shall accommodate the equipment with
a minimum of 3 feet (1524 mm) on all sides of the equipment,
together with the following:

1. A control room shall be provided with full view of the
MRI.

2. A computer room shall be provided.

1224.18.5 Ultrasound. If ultrasound is provided, a patient
toilet room, accessible from the procedure room, shall be
provided.

1224.18.6 Support spaces. The following spaces are com-
mon to the imaging service area and are minimum require-
ments unless stated otherwise:

1224.18.6.1 Patient's toilet room(s). In service spaces
with procedure rooms that do not have dedicated patient
toilets, provide a minimum of one patient toilet room
within the service space.

1224.18.6.2 Patient dressing rooms. Dressing rooms
shall be provided convenient to the imaging rooms.

1224.18.6.3 Staff facilities. In service space of three or
more procedure rooms, staff toilet room(s) internal to the
service space shall be provided.

1224.18.6.4 Film storage (active). If film systems are
used provide the following:

1. A room with cabinet or shelves for filing patient
film for immediate retrieval shall be provided.

2. Storage facilities for unexposed film which shall
include protection of film against exposure or
damage.

1224. 18.6.5 Locked storage. Provision shall be made for
locked storage of medications and drugs.

1224.19 PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICE SPACE.

1224.19.1 Licensed pharmacy. All hospitals having a
licensed capacity of 100 or more beds shall have a phar-
macy on the premises licensed by the California Board of
Pharmacy.

Note: See General Acute Care Hospitals §70263(a).
Article 3, Chapter 1, Division 5, Title 22, California
Code of Regulations, for requirements concerning hospi-
tals with fewer than 100 beds. The pharmacy room or
service space shall conform to the requirements of §
1751, Article 7, Division 17, Title 16, California Code of
Regulations as enforced by the California Board of
Pharmacy.

1224.19.1.1 Handwashing fixture. Handwashing fix-
ture(s) shall be provided within each separate room
where open medication is handled.

1224.19.1.2 Location. Provide for convenient access to
toilet room and locker.

1224.20 DIETETIC SERVICE SPACE.

1224.20.1 General. Food service facilities and equipment
shall conform to these standards, the standards of the
National Sanitation Foundation and the requirements of the
local public health agency.

1224.20.2 Functional elements. On-site conventional food
service preparation shall be provided as follows:

1224.20.2.1 Location. Patient food preparation areas
shall have access to delivery, interior transportation,
storage, etc., without traversing patient or public circu-
lation. Food preparation, service and storage shall be
inaccessible to nondietetic service staff.

1224.20.2.2 Receiving/control stations. Provide an area
for the receiving and control of incoming dietary sup-
plies.

1224.20.2.3 Storage spaces. They shall be convenient to
the receiving area and shall be located to exclude traffic
through the food preparation area to reach them. Storage
spaces for bulk, refrigerated, and frozen foods shall be
provided. At least one weeks' (7 days) supply of staple
foods and at least two (2) days' supply of perishable
foods shall be maintained on the premises. Food storage
components shall be grouped for convenient access from
receiving and to the food preparation areas. All food
shall be stored clear of the floor. Lowest shelf shall be not
less than 12 inches (305 mm) above the floor or shall be
closed in and sealed tight for ease of cleaning.

1224.20.2.4 Cleaning supplies storage. Provide a sepa-
rate storage room for the storage of nonfood items such
as cleaning supplies that might contaminate edibles.

1224.20.2.5 Food preparation workspaces. Provide
workspaces for food preparation, cooking, and baking.
These areas shall be as close as possible to the user (i.e.,
tray assembly and dining). Provide additional spaces for
thawing and portioning.

1224.20.2.6 Assembly and distribution. Provide a
patient tray assembly area and locate within close prox-
imity to the food preparation and distribution areas.

1224.20.2.7 Food service carts. A cart distribution sys-
tem shall be provided with spaces for storage, loading,
distribution, receiving, and sanitizing of the food service
carts. Cart circulation shall not be through food prepa-
ration areas.

1224.20.2.8 Dining area. Provide dining space(s) for
ambulatory patients, staff, and visitors. These spaces
shall be separate from the food preparation and distribu-
tion areas.

1224.20.2.9 Vending services. If vending devices are
used for unscheduled meals, provide a separate room
that can be accessed without having to enter the main
dining area.

1224.20.2.10 Ware washing facilities. They shall be
designed to prevent contamination of clean wares with
soiled wares through cross-traffic. The clean wares shall

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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be transferred for storage or use in the dining area with-
out having to pass through food preparation areas.

1224.20.2.11 Pot washing facilities. Pot washing shall
include multicompartmented sinks.

1224.20.2.12 Waste storage room. A food waste storage
room shall be conveniently located to the food prepara-
tion and ware washing areas but not within the food
preparation area. It shall have direct access to the hospi-
tal's waste collection and disposal facilities.

_. 1224.20.2.13 Handwashing fixtures. Handwashing fix-
tures shall be located conveniently accessible at loca-
tions throughout the unit.

1224.20.2.14 Office space. Office or other space shall be
provided for the dietician or dietetic service supervisor

1224.20.2.15 Toilet room(s} and locker spaces. Shall be
provided for the exclusive use of the dietary staff. They
shall not open directly into the food preparation areas,
but must be in close proximity to them.

1224.20.2.16 Housekeeping room. Shall be provided for
the exclusive use of the dietary department.

1224.20.3 Outside service. On approval of the Licensing
Agency, when food is provided by an outside food service,
there shall be a standby kitchen, food storage and equip-
ment space to provide patient food service in emergencies.

SUPPORT SERVICES

1224.21 ADMINISTRATIVE SPACE.

1224.21.1 Administration. An administration area shall be
provided which shall provide for the following functions:

1. A lobby with reception and information counter or
desk, waiting space, men's and women's public toilet
room facilities, telephones and drinking fountain.

2. Offices for administrator and admitting.

1224.21.2 Records. Hospitals shall provide a health record
service which shall accommodate the following functions:

1. Work area for sorting and recording records for either
paper or electronic media.

2. Storage area for records for either paper or electronic
media.

1224.22 CENTRAL STERILE SUPPLY.

1224.22.1 Minimum requirements. A central supply and
sterilizing area shall be provided. Rooms and spaces shall
accommodate the following services and equipment:

1. Soiled work area. A receiving and gross cleaning
area which shall contain work space and equipment
for cleaning medical and surgical equipment and for
disposal of or processing of soiled material.

2. Clean work area. A clean work area which shall con-
tain workspace and equipment for sterilizing medical
and surgical equipment and supplies.

3. Sterilizing space.

4. Storage. Provide storage space for sterile supplies
and unsterile supplies.

Exception: Section 1224.22.1 does not apply to hos-
pitals which serve psychiatric or alcoholism patients
exclusively.

1224.22.2 All sterilizers and autoclaves which emit steam
exhaust shall be vented to the outside of the building. Such
vents shall be independent from the plumbing vent system.

Exception: Small instrument sterilizers.

1224.23 STORAGE.

1224.23.1 General storage. Hospitals shall provide general
storage space of at least 20 square feet (1.86 m^) per bed in
addition to specialized storage spaces. All storage spaces
shall be readily accessible on the site of the facility.

1224.23.2 Specialized storage. Specialized storage spaces
shall include the following:

1224.23.2.1 Linen. Provide separate and enclosedfacil-
itiesfor clean and soiled linen in each nursing unit. The
clean linen storage space shall have a minimum area of
1 square feet (0. 93 m^) and may be within the clean util-
ity room. The soiled linen collection space shall have an
area of no less than 10 square feet (0.93 m^), except
where linen chutes are provided, and may be within the
soiled utility room.

1224.23.2.2 Supply. One supply storage space having a
minimum area of 15 square feet (1.39 m^ ) shall be pro-
vided in each nursing unit. Supply storage may be within
the clean utility room used only as part of a system for
distributing clean and sterile supplies.

1224.23.2.3 Wheelchairs. A room or space shall be pro-
vided in each nursing unit for wheelchairs and gurneys.
The wheelchair and gurney space shall have a minimum
area of 15 square feet (1.39 m^).

1224.23.2.4 Sterile and unsterile supplies shall be stored
separately.

1224.23.2.5 Food storage shall be as described in Sec-
tion 1224.20.

1224.24 MORGUE AND AUTOPSY FACILITIES.

1224.24.1 General acute-care hospitals with a licensed bed
capacity of 50 or more beds shall provide a morgue with
autopsy facilities.

Exception: This may not be required if it can be demon-
strated to the licensing agency that morgue and autopsy
facilities are available locally.

1224.24.2 Minimum requirements. The morgue and
autopsy space shall have a minimum of 250 square feet
(23.23 m^ of floor area, no dimension of which shall be less
than 10 feet (3048 mm), and provide for:

1. Handwashing fixture.

2. Space for refrigerated compartments if human re-
mains are held unembalmed. Refrigerated rooms and

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prefabricated body refrigerator temperatures shall
not be higher than 45°F (25°C).

1224.25 EMPLOYEE DRESSING ROOMS AND LOCK-
ERS.

1224.25.1 Minimum facilities. Hospitals shall provide the
following:

1. Separate dressing rooms for male and female person-
nel with lockers, lavatory and toilet.

2. Additional dressing rooms for the surgical service
and as required within any of the supplemental ser-
vices.

1224.26 HOUSEKEEPING ROOMS. Shall be provided to
serve each department and nursing unit, and may be shared by
compatible departments, except when specifically required by
other sections.

1224.27 LAUNDRY.

1224.27.1 If a laundry is to be provided, the following is
required in addition to the laundry room:

1. A separate soiled linen receiving, holding and sorting
room with handwashing fixture.

2. A separate clean linen storage, issuing and holding
room.

3. Storage for laundry supplies.

1224.27.2 Outside service. If linen is processed off site, the
following shall be provided within the hospital:

1. Soiled linen holding room.

2. Clean linen receiving room.

3. Clean linen storage room.

SUPPLEMENTAL SERVICES

1224.28 SUPPLEMENTAL SURGERY SERVICES.

1224.28.1 Cardiovascular and other special procedures.

When provided, the cardiovascular room shall have a mini-
mum clear floor area of 650 square feet (60.39 m^), with a
minimum of 20 feet (6096 mm) clear dimension. Orthopedic
surgical and other special procedure rooms shall have a
minimum clear floor area of 600 square feet (55. 74 m^), with
a minimum of 20 feet (6096 mm) clear dimension. When
open-heart surgery is performed, an additional room in the
restricted area of the surgical service space, preferably
adjoining this operating room, shall be designated as a
pump room where extra corporeal pump(s), supplies and
accessories are stored and serviced. Appropriate plumbing
and electrical connections shall be provided in the cardio-
vascular, pump, and storage rooms.

1224.28.1.1 Service areas. Shall be provided in accor-
dance with Section 1224.15.3.

Exceptions:

1. Where renovation work is undertaken in facili-
ties built under the 2001 or prior California
Building Code, existing rooms for cardiovascu-
lar, and other special procedures may have a
minimum clear floor area of 500 square feet
(46.45 m^). Orthopedic surgical rooms shall
have a minimum clear floor area of 360 square

feet (33.44 m^) and a minimum dimension of 18
feet (5486 mm).

2. For shelled spaces built under the 2001 or prior
California Building Code Rooms for cardio-
vascular, and other special procedures may
have a minimum clear floor area of 500 square
feet (46.45 rri?). Orthopedic surgical rooms
shall have a minimum clear floor area of 360
square feet (33.44 m^) and a minimum dimen-
sion of 1 8 feet (5486 mm).

1224.28.2 Cardiac catheterization.

1224.28.2.1 Procedure room. A procedure room with a
minimum clear floor area of 400 square feet (37.16 m^)
for the procedure room in addition to spaces for control,
monitoring and recording equipment, and x-ray power
and controls, and a minimum of one scrub sink for each
catheterization laboratory. This space does not include
the control room.

1224.28.2.2 Control room. A control room or area shall
be provided. A view window permitting full view of the
patient from the control console shall be provided.

1224.28.2.3 Equipment space. An equipment space or
enclosure large enough to contain x-ray transformers,
power modules, and associated electronics and electri-
cal gear shall be provided.

1224.28.2.4 Scrub facilities. Scrub facilities with
hands-free operable controls shall be provided adjacent
to the entrance of procedure rooms.

1224.28.2.5 Staff clothing change areas. Appropriate
areas shall be provided for male and female staff work-
ing within the surgical service space. The areas shall
contain lockers, showers, toilets, lavatories equippedfor
handwashing, and space for donning surgical attire.
These areas shall be arranged to ensure a traffic pattern
so that personnel entering from outside the service space
can enter, change their clothing, and move directly into
the cardiac catheterization service space. The staff
change area may be combined with the surgical staff
change area.

1224.28.2.6 Patient holding. A patient preparation,
holding, and recovery area or room shall be provided
and arranged to provide visual observation before and
after the procedure. This may occur in a unit outside of
the catheterization service space.

1224.28.2.7 Clean utility room. A clean utility room
shall be provided. If the room is used for preparing
patient care items, it shall contain a work counter and
handwashing fixture. If the room is used only for storage
and holding of clean and sterile supply materials, the
work counter and handwashing fixtures shall be permit-
ted to be omitted. The clean utility may be shared with an
adjacent surgical unit.

1224.28.2.8 Soiled utility room. A soiled utility room
shall be provided which shall contain a handwashing fix-
ture and a clinical sink (or equivalent flushing rim fix-
tures). When the room is used for temporary holding or

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soiled materials, the clinical sink and handwashing fix-
ture shall be permitted to be omitted. The soiled utility
may be shared with an adjacent surgical unit.

1224.28.2.9 Housekeeping room. Shall be a minimum
floor area of 15 square feet (1.4 m^}. It shall contain a
service sink or floor receptor and provisions for storage
of supplies and housekeeping equipment. This may be
shared with an adjacent surgical unit.

1224.29 INTENSIVE CARE UNITS.

1224.29.1 General. The following shall apply to all types of
intensive care service spaces, acute respiratory-care ser-
vice spaces, burn center spaces, coronary-care service
spaces, pediatric intensive- care service spaces unless oth-
erwise noted. Each unit shall comply with the following pro-
visions:

1224.29.1.1 Service space. Each intensive-care unit
shall contain not less than four or more than 12 beds.

Exception: When approved by the licensing agency
small or rural hospitals intensive care unit may con-
sist of less than four but shall not consist of less than
two patient beds.

1224.29.1.2 Patient space. In new construction, each
patient space (whether separate rooms, cubicles, or mul-
tiple bed space) shall have a minimum of 200 square feet
(18.58 m^) of clear floor area with a minimum headwall
width of 13 feet (3962 mm) per bed.

Exceptions:

1. Where renovation of existing intensive care
units is undertaken, in facilities built under the
2001 or prior California Building Code, pa-
tient space (whether separate rooms, cubicles,
or multiple bed space) shall have no less than
132 square feet (12.26 m^) with no dimension
less than 11 feet (3353 mm), and with 4 feet
(1219 mm) of clearance at each side and the
foot of the bed, and with a minimum of 8 feet
(2438 mm) between beds. The space shall be
designed so that all beds shall be placed in rela-
tion to the nurses ' station or work area to per-
mit, enable or allow maximum observation of
patients.

2. For shelled spaces built under the 2001 or prior
California Building Code, intensive care units
(whether separate rooms, cubicles, or multiple
bed space) shall have separate rooms or cubi-
cles for single patient use no less than 132
square feet (12.26 m^) with no dimension less
than 11 feet (3353 mm), and with 4 feet (1219
mm) of clearance at each side and the foot of the
bed, and with a minimum of 8 feet (2438 mm)
between beds. The space shall be designed so
that all beds shall be placed in relation to the
nurses' station or work area to permit, enable
or allow maximum observation of patients.

1224.29.1.3 Private rooms. Whenprivate rooms or cubi-
cles are provided, view panels to the corridor shall be
required with a means to provide visual privacy. Where
only one door is provided to a bed space, it shall be at
least 4 feet (1219 mm) wide and arranged to minimize
interference with movement of beds and large equip-
ment. Sliding doors shall not have floor tracks. Where
sliding doors are used for access to cubicles within a ser-
vice space, a 3-foot-wide (914 mm) swinging door may
also be provided for personnel communication.

1224.29.1.4 Modular toilet. Modular toilet/sink combi-
nation units located within a privacy curtain may be used
within each patient space or private room. The toilet fix-
ture shall be completely containedwithin cabinetry when
not in use. Exhaust ventilation requirements shall com-
ply with the California Mechanical Code.

1224.29.1.5 Visitors and visual privacy. Each patient
bed area shall have space at each bedside for visitors,
and provisions for visual privacy from casual observa-
tion by other patients and visitors. For both adult and
pediatric units, there shall be a minimum of 8 feet (2438
mm) between beds.

1224.29.1.6 Outside environment. Each patient bed
shall have visual access, other than clerestory windows
and skylights, to the outside environment with not. less
than one outside window in each patient bed area.

1224.29.1.6.1 Distance. The distance from the patient
bed to the outside window shall not exceed 50 feet (15
240 mm). When partitioned cubicles are used,
patients' view to outside windows may be through no
more than two separate clear vision panels.

1224.29.1.7 Handwashing fixtures. Handwashing fix-
tures shall be convenient to nurse stations and patient
bed areas. There shall be at least one handwashing fix-
ture for every three beds in open plan areas, and one in
each patient room. The handwashing fixture shall be
located near the entrance to the patient cubicle or room.

1224.29.1.8 Administrative center or nurse station.

This area shall have space for counters and storage. It
may be combined with or include centers for reception
and communication.

1224.29.1.9 Nurses' work area. There shall be direct
visual observation between either a centralized or dis-
tributed nurse station or work station and the heads of all
patient beds in the intensive care unit.

1224.29.1.10 Monitoring. Each unit shall contain
equipment for continuous monitoring. Monitors shall be
located to permit easy viewing but not interfere with
access to the patient.

1224.29.1.11 Emergency equipment storage. Space
that is easily accessible to the staff shall be provided for
emergency equipment such as a CPR cart.

1224.29.1.12 Medication station. Shall be provided in
accordance with Section 1224.14.2.8.

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1224.29.1.13 Airborne infection isolation room. At

least one airborne infection isolation room shall be pro-
vided per unit. The room shall comply with the require-
ments of Section 1224.14.3; however, the adjoining toilet
room is not required. Modular toilet/sink combination
units located within a privacy curtain may replace the
requirement for an adjoining toilet room. The toilet fix-
ture shall be completely contained within cabinetry when
not in use. Exhaust ventilation requirements shall com-
ply with the California Mechanical Code.

Exception:When approved by the licensing agency
an airborne infection isolation room is not required
for small or rural hospitals.

1224.29.1.14 Additional service spaces. The following
additional service spaces shall be immediately available
within each intensive care service space. These may be
shared by more than one intensive care unit provided that
direct access is available from each.

1224.29.1.14.1 Clean utility room. If the room is used
for preparing patient care items, it shall contain a
work counter, a handwashing fixture, and storage
facilities for clean and sterile supplies. If the room is
used only for storage and holding as part of a system
for distribution of clean and sterile supply materials,
the work counter and handwashing fixture may be
omitted. Soiled and clean utility rooms or holding
rooms shall be separated and have no direct connec-
tion.

1224.29.1.14.2 Clean linen storage. There shall be a
designated area for clean linen storage. This may be
within the clean utility room or a separate closet.

1224.29.1.14.3 Soiled utility room. Size shall be a
minimum 50 square feet (4.65 m^); if shared between
units, it shall be a minimum of 75 square feet (6.97
m^). The soiled workroom shall contain a clinical sink
(or equivalent flushing-rim fixture). The room shall
contain a handwashing fixture. The above fixtures
shall both have a hot and cold mixing faucet The
room shall have a work counter and space for sepa-
rate covered containers for soiled linen and a variety
of waste types. Rooms used only for temporary hold-
ing of soiled material may omit the clinical sink and
work counter. If the flushing-rim clinical sink is elimi-
nated, facilities for cleaning bedpans shall be pro-
vided elsewhere.

1224.29.1.14.4 Nourishment station. There shall be
a nourishment station with sink, work counter, refrig-
erator, storage cabinets, and equipment for hot and
cold nourishments between scheduled meals. The
nourishment station shall include space for trays and
dishes used for nonscheduled meal service. Provi-
sions and space shall be included for separate tempo-
rary storage of unused and soiled dietary trays not
picked up at mealtime. Handwashing fixtures shall be
in or immediately accessible from the nourishment
area.

1224.29.1.14.5 Ice machine. There shall be available
equipment to provide ice for treatments and nourish-
ment Ice-making equipment may be in the clean util-
ity room or at the nourishment station. Ice intended
for human consumption shall be from self-dispensing
icemakers.

1224.29.1.14.6 Equipment storage room. Appropri-
ate room(s) shall be provided for storage of large
items of equipment necessary for patient care. Each
intensive care unit shall provide not less than 20
square feet (1.86 m^) per patient bed.

1224.29.1.15 Support. The following shall be provided
and shall be located immediately adjacent to the unit:

1. Visitors' waiting room.

2. Office space.

3. Staff lounge(s) and toilet room(s).

4. Multipurpose room(s). Provide for staff, patients,
and patients' families for patient conferences, re-
ports, education, training sessions, and consulta-
tion.

5. Housekeeping room. Provide within or immedi-
ately adjacent to the intensive care unit It shall not
be shared with other nursing units or departments.

6. Gurney and wheelchair storage. Provide a mini-
mum 15 square feet (1.39 mm) per each nursing
unit

1224.29.2 Newborn intensive care units (NICU). The
NICU shall comply with all the requirements of Section
1224.29.1. Additionally eachNICU shall include or comply
with the following:

1224.29.2.1 Entrance. The NICU shall have a clearly
identified entrance and reception area for families. The
area shall permit visual observation and contact with all
traffic entering the unit

1224.29.2.2 Handwashing fixture(s). Provide one
handwashing fixture for each four infants or major frac-
tion thereof. In a multiple-bed room, every bed position
shall be within 20 feet (6096 mm) of a hands-free
handwashing fixture. Where an individual room concept
is used, a handwashing fixture shall be provided within
each infant care room.

1224.29.2.3 Doors. At least one door to each patient
room shall be a minimum of 44 inches (1118 mm) wide.

1224.29.2.4 View windows. When viewing windows are
provided, provision shall be made to control casual view-
ing of infants. Controls shall be provided to enable light-
ing to be adjusted over individual patient care spaces.
Darkening sufftcientfor transillumination shall be avail-
able when necessary.

1224.29.2.5 Control station. A central area shall serve
as a control station, shall have space for counters and
storage, and shall have convenient access to
handwashing fixture. It may be combined with or include
centers for reception and communication and patient
monitoring.

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1224.29.2.6 Area. Each patient care space shall contain
a minimum of 120 square feet (11.15 m^) per bassinet
excluding handwashing fixtures and aisles. There shall
be an aisle for circulation adjacent to each patient care
space with a minimum width of 4 feet (1219 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Where renovation of existing NlCUs is under-
taken in facilities built under the 2001 or prior
California Building Code, patient care areas
shall have no less than 80 square feet (7.43 m^)
of clear floor area per bassinet exclusive of
space for nurse control, scrubbing and
gowning, and reception area.

2. For shelled spaces built under the 2001 or prior
California Building Code, NlCUs shall have no
less than 80 square feet (7.43 m^) of clear floor
area per bassinet, exclusive of space for nurse
control, scrubbing and gowning, and reception
area.

1224.29.2.7 Ceilings. Ceilings shall have a noise reduc-
tion coefficient (NRC) of at least 0.90.

1224.29.2.8 Airborne infection isolation room. Shall
comply with the requirements of Section 1224.29.1.13
except for separate toilet, bathtubs, or shower. The room
shall be enclosed and separated from the nursery unit
with provisions for observation of the infant from adja-
cent nurseries or control area(s).

1224.29.2.9 Lactation. Space shall be provided for lac-
tation support and consultation in or immediately adja-
cent to the NICU.

1224.29.2.10 Emergency equipment storage. Space
shall be provided for emergency equipment that is under
direct control of the nursing staff, such as a CPR cart.

1224.29.2.11 Housekeeping room. Shall be directly
accessible from the unit and be dedicated for the exclu-
sive use of the neonatal intensive care unit.

1224.30 PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT UNIT A pediat-
ric nursing unit shall be provided if the hospital has eight or
more licensed pediatric beds. The unit shall meet the following
standards:

1224.30.1 Patient rooms. Each patient room shall meet the
following standards:

1224.30.1.1 Beds. The space requirements for pediatric
patient beds shall be the same as required by' Section
1224.14.1.2.

1224.30.1.2 Windows. Each patient room shall have a
window in accordance with Section 1224.4.9.

1224.30.2 Examination or treatment rooms. This room
shall be provided for pediatric and adolescent patients. A
separate area for infant examination and treatment may be
provided within the pediatric nursery workroom.

1224.30.3 Service areas. The service areas in the pediatric
and adolescent nursing units shall conform to Section
1224.14.2 and shall also provide the following:

1224.30.3.1 Play area. A play area shall be provided.

1224.30.3.2 Infant formula. Space for preparation and
storage of infant formula shall be provided within the
unit or other convenient location.

1224.30.3.3 Toilet rooms. Patient toilet room(s) with
handwashing fixture(s) in each room, in addition to those
serving bed areas, shall be conveniently located to play
area(s) and to each central bathing facility.

1224.30.3.4 Storage. Closets or cabinets for toys, educa-
tional, and recreational equipment shall be provided.

1224.30.3.5 Airborne infection isolation room. At least
one airborne infection isolation room shall be provided
within each pediatric unit; minimum of one per 15 beds.
Airborne infection isolation room(s) shall comply with
the requirements of Section 1224.14.3.

1224.30.3.6 Clean and soiled workrooms. Separate
clean and soiled workrooms or holding rooms shall be
provided as described in Sections 1224.14.2.6 and
1224.14.2.7.

1224.31 PSYCHIATRIC NURSING UNIT

1224.31.1 Psychiatric unit space. A psychiatric unit shall
be housed in a separate and distinct nursing unit and shall
provide the following:

1224.31.1.1 General. A psychiatric nursing unit shall
meet the requirements of Section 1224.14.

1224.31.1.2 Windows. Windows modified to prevent
patients from leaving the unit

1224.31.1.3 Access control. Entrances and exits which
may be locked if necessary.

1224.31.1.4 Observation room(s). Used for the observa-
tion of acutely disturbed patients. This room shall be
designed to allow visual observation and be located near
the nursing station and a bathroom.

1224.31.1.5 Consultation room(s). Used for interview-
ing patients.

1224.31.1.6 Dining and recreation. Provide spaces for
dining and recreation. The total area for these purposes
shall be not less than 30 square feet (2. 8 m^) per patient

1224.31.1. 7 Storage. Storage closets or cabinets for rec-
reational and occupation therapy equipment.

1224.31.1.8 Exam or treatment room. A room for physi-
cal examinations and medical treatment

1224.31.1.9 Activity spaces. Indoor and outdoor space
for therapeutic activities.

1224.31.1.10 Occupational therapy. Facilities for occu-
pational therapy shall comply with Section 1224.35.3.

1224.31.1.11 Recreation. A recreation room with a min-
imum of 100 square feet (9.3 m^) in each building, and on
each floor of a building accommodating six or more psy-
chiatric patients.

1224.31.1.12 Nurse call. A nurses' call system is not
required, but if it is included, provisions shall be made
for easy removal, or for covering call button outlets.

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1224.31.1.13 Privacy. Visual privacy in multibed rooms
(e.g., cubicle curtains) is not required.

1224.31.1.14 Tamper resistant. The ceiling and the air
distribution devices, lighting fixtures, sprinkler heads,
and other appurtenances shall be of a tamper-resistant
type.

1224.31.1.15 Toilet rooms. Each patient room shall be
provided with a private toilet room that meets the follow-
ing requirements:

1. The door shall not be lockablefrom within.

2. The door shall be capable of swinging outward.

3. The ceiling shall be of tamper-resistant construc-
tion and the air distribution devices, lighting fix-
tures, sprinkler heads, and other appurtenances
shall be of the tamper-resistant type.

1224.31.2 Education. If a unit treats children of school age
over a period of one month or more, it shall provide physical
facilities for an educational program, such as classrooms
and an office for the teacher.

1224.31.3 Service areas The standards noted in Section
1224.14.2 shall apply to service areas for psychiatric nurs-
ing units.

1224.32 OBSTETRICAL FACILITIES (PERINATAL UNIT
SPACE)

1224.32.1 General. The obstetrical facility, including
cesarean operating room(s) and delivery room(s), shall be
located and designed to prohibit nonrelated traffic through
the unit. .

1224.32.2 Antepartum and postpartum unit

1224.32.2.1 Patient bedrooms. Antepartum and
postpartum bedrooms shall comply with Section
1224.14.1.

1224.32.2.2 Service areas. Shall be provided in accor-
dance with Section 1224.14.2 with the following addi-
tions:

1. Staff lounge.

2. Staff storage. Lockable closets or cabinets for per-
sonal articles of staff.

3. Consultation/conference room(s).

1224.32.3 Cesarean/delivery service space

1224.32.3.1 Cesarean operating room(s). Provide a
minimum clear floor area of 360 square feet (33.45 rr?)
with a minimum dimension of 16 feet (4877 mm). There
shall be a minimum of one such room.

1224.32.3.2 Delivery room(s). Provide a minimum clear
floor area of 300 square feet (27.87 m^). An emergency
communication system shall be connected with the
obstetrical facilities control station. There shall be a
minimum of one such room.

1224.32.3.2.1 Postpartum bed ratio. Delivery rooms,
which are used for no other purpose, shall be pro-

vided at the ratio of one per 12 postpartum beds or
major fraction thereof.

Exceptions:

1. If LDR or LDRP beds are provided, the
postpartum bed ratio is not required.

2. When approved by the licensing agency, the op-
erating room of small or rural hospitals with a
licensed bed capacity of 50 or less may serve as
the delivery room.

1224.32.3.3 Clocks. Shall be provided as follows:

1. A direct-wired or battery-operated clock with
sweep second hand and lapsed time indicators in
each cesarean operating and delivery room.

2. A direct-wired or battery-operated clock or other
equivalent timing device, visible from the scrub-up
sinks.

1224.32.3.4 Surgical lights. Provide a surgical light in
each cesarean operating or delivery room.

1224.32.3.5 Infant resuscitation. Provide within the
cesarean operating rooms and delivery rooms a mini-
mum clear floor area of 40 square feet (3. 72 m^) in addi-
tion to the requiredarea of each room or may be provided
in a separate but immediately accessible room with a
clear floor area of 150 square feet (13.94 rr?). Six single
or three duplex electrical outlets shall be provided for the
infant in addition to the facilities required for the mother.

1224.32.3.6 Labor room(s) (LDR or LDRP rooms may
be substituted). Wh ere LDRs or LDRPs are not provided,
a minimum of two labor beds shall be provided for each
cesarean operating room. Each room shall be designed
for either one or two beds with a minimum clear floor
area of 120 square feet (11.15 m^) per bed. Each labor
room shall contain a handwashing fixture and have
access to a toilet room. One toilet room may serve two
labor rooms. Labor rooms shall have controlled access
with doors that are arranged for observation from a
nursing station. At least one shower (which may be sepa-
rate from the labor room if under staff control) for use of
patients in labor shall be provided. Windows in labor
rooms, if provided, shallbe located, draped, or otherwise
arranged, to preserve patient privacy from casual obser-
vation from outside the labor room.

Exceptions:

1. Where renovation of labor rooms is undertaken
in facilities built under the 2001 or prior Cali-
fornia Building Code, existing labor rooms
shall have a minimum clear floor area of 100
square feet (9.29 m^) per bed.

2. For shelled spaces built under the 2001 or prior
California Building Code, labor rooms shall
have a minimum clear floor area of 100 square
feet (9.29 m') per bed.

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1224.32.3.7 Recovery room(s) (LDR or LDRP rooms
may be substituted). Each recovery room shall contain
at least two beds and have a nurse control with charting
facilities located to permit visual control of all beds.
Each room shall include a handwashing fixture and a
medication station. A clinical sink with bedpan flushing
device shall be available, as shall storage for supplies
and equipment Provide visual privacy of the new family.

1224.32.3.8 Service areas. Individual rooms shall be
provided as indicated in the following standards; other-
wise, alcoves or other open spaces that do not interfere
with traffic may be used.

1224.32.3.8.1 Services. The following services shall
be provided:

1. Control/nurse station. This shall be located to
restrict unauthorized traffic into the service
space.

2. Soiled workroom or soiled holding room. See
Section 1224.14.2.7.

3. Fluid waste disposal.

1224.32.3.8.2 Shared services. The following ser-
vices shall be provided and may be shared with the
surgical facilities. Where shared, areas shall be
arranged to avoid direct traffic between the delivery
and operating rooms

1224.32.3.8.2.1 Supervisor's office or station.

Office or station shall be a minimum of 80 square
feet (7.43 m^) and have a desk.

1224.32.3.8.2.2 Waiting room. This room shall
have toilet room(s), telephone(s), and drinking
fountain(s) conveniently located. The toilet
room(s) shall contain a lavatory.

1224.32.3.8.2.3 Drug distribution station. Shall
have a handwashing fixture and provisions for
controlled storage, preparation, and distribution
of medication.

1224.32.3.8.2.4 Scrub faciUties for cesarean
operating or delivery rooms(s). Two positions
shall be provided adjacent to entrance to the first
cesarean operating room. Provide one additional
scrub sink per cesarean or delivery operating
room. Scrub facilities shall be arranged to mini-
mize any splatter on nearby personnel or supply
carts. In new construction, provide view windows
at scrub stations to permit the observation of room
interiors.

1224.32.3.8.2.5 Clean utility room. A clean utility
room shall be provided if clean materials are
assembled within the obstetrical service space
prior to use. If a clean utility room is provided see
Section 1224.14.2.6.

1224.32.3.8.2.6 Storage.

1. Clean sterile storage area readily available
to the delivery room.

2. Equipment storage room(s) for equipment
and supplies used in the obstetrical service
space.

1224.32.3.8.2.7 Workroom. An anesthesia work-
room for cleaning, testing, and storing anesthesia
equipment It shall contain a work counter, sink,
and provisions for separation of clean and soiled
items.

1224.32.3.8.2.8 Male and female staff clothing
change areas. The clothing change area shall be
designed to encourage one-way traffic and elimi-
nate cross-traffic between clean and contaminated
personnel. The area shall contain lockers, show-
ers, toilets, handwashing fixtures, and space for
donning and disposing scrub suits and booties.

1224.32.3.8.2.9 Staff lounge Lounge and toilet
room facilities for obstetrical staff convenient to
cesarean operating rooms(s), delivery room(s),
labor rooms(s), and recovery room(s). Each toilet
room shall contain handwashing fixtures.

1224.32.3.8.2.10 On-call room. An on-call
room(s) for physician and/or staff shall be pro-
vided, but may be located elsewhere in the facility.

1224.32.3.8.2.11 Housekeeping room.

1224.32.4 LDR and LDRP facilities.

1224.32.4.1 Location. LDR room(s) may be located in a
separate LDR service space or as part of the cesar-
ean/delivery service space. The postpartum unit may
contain LDRP rooms.

1224.32.4.2 Space requirements. These rooms shall
have a minimum of 250 square feet (23.23 m^) of clear
floor area with a minimum dimension of 13 feet (3962
mm). There shall be space for crib and sleeping space for
support person. An area within the room but distinct from
the mother's area shall be provided for infant stabiliza-
tion and resuscitation. The medical gas outlets shall be
located in the room so that they are accessible to the
mother's delivery area and infant resuscitation area.

1224.32.4.3 Occupancy. Each LDR or LDRP room shall
be for single occupancy.

1224.32.4.4 Shower or tub. Each LDR or LDRP room
shall have direct access to a private toilet room with
shower or tub.

1224.32.4.5 Handwashing fixtures. Each LDR or
LDRP room shall be equipped with handwashing fix-
tures.

1224.32.5 Newborn/well baby nurseries

1224.32.5.1 General. Infants shall be housed in nurser-
ies that comply with the standards below. All nurseries
shall be adjacent to the postpartum unit and obstetrical
facilities. The nurseries shall be located and arranged to
preclude the need for unrelated pedestrian traffic. No

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nursery shall open directly onto another nursery. Each
nursery shall contain the following:

1224.32.5.1.1 Handwashing fixtures. At least one
handwashing fixture for each six infant bassinets.

1224.32.5.1.2 Storage. Storage for linens and infant
supplies at each nursery room.

1224.32.5.1.3 Lactation, A consultation/demonstra-
tion/breastfeeding or pump room shall be provided
convenient to the nursery. Provision shall be made,
either within the room or conveniently located
nearby, for sink, counter, refrigeration and freezing,
storage for pump and attachments, and educational
materials. The area provided for the unit for these
purposes, when conveniently located, may be shared.

1224.32.5.1.4 Workroom(s). Each nursery shall be
served by a connecting workroom. The workroom
shall contain gowning facilities at the entrance for
staff and housekeeping personnel, work counter,
refrigerator, storage for supplies, and a handwashing
fixture. One workroom may serve more than one nurs-
ery room provided that required services are conve-
nient to each. Adequate provision shall be made for
storage of emergency cart(s) and equipment out of
traffic and for the sanitary storage and disposal of
soiled waste.

1224.32.5.1.5 Housekeeping room. A housekeeping
room shall be provided for the exclusive use of the
nursery unit. It shall be directly accessible from the
unit.

1224.32.5.1.6 Charting space. Charting facilities
shall have linear surf ace space to ensure that staff and
physicians may chart and have simultaneous access
to information and communication systems.

1224.32.5.2 Space requirements. Each newborn nurs-
ery room shall contain no more than 16 infant stations.
Nurseries shall provide a minimum of 25 square feet
(2.32 m^) of floor area per bassinet, with at least 3 feet
(914 mm) between bassinets and at least 6 inches (152
mm) from a wall.

1224.33 EMERGENCY SERVICE.

1224.33.1 Definition. Levels of emergency care range from
initial emergency management to definitive emergency
care.

1224.33.2 Standby emergency medical service. If provided,
initial emergency management shall include:

1224.33.2.1 Exterior entrance. A well-marked, illumi-
nated, and covered entrance, at grade level. The emer-
gency vehicle entry cover shall provide shelter for both
the patient and the emergency medical crew during
transfer from an emergency vehicle into the building.
This exterior entrance shall not be substituted for the
required accessible entrance protected from the weather
by canopy or roof overhang assigned for passengers
loading zone. Reception, triage, and control station shall
be located to permit staff observation and control of

access to treatment area, pedestrian and ambulance
entrances, and public waiting area.

1224.33.2.2 Treatment room. The area shall not less
than 120 square feet (11.15 m^) of clear floor area, exclu-
sive of toilet room(s), waiting area, and storage. Each
treatment room shall contain an examination light, work
counter, handwashing fixtures, medical equipment, cabi-
nets, medication storage, and counter space for writing.
The treatment room may have additional space and pro-
visions for several patients with cubicle curtains for pri-
vacy. Multiple-bed treatment rooms shall provide a
minimum of 80 square feet (7.43 rr?) per patient gurney,
with a minimum 8 foot width (2438 mm) and 3 feet (914
mm) at foot of bed.

Exceptions:

1. Where renovation of existing treatment rooms is
undertaken in facilities built under the 2001 or
prior California Building Code, treatment
rooms shall have no less than 80 square feet
(7.43 m^) of clear floor area.

2. For shelled spaces built under the 2001 or prior
California Building Code, treatment rooms
shall have no less than 80 square feet (7.43 m^)
of clear floor area per bed.

1224.33.2.3 Storage. Shall be sized for general medi-
cal/surgical emergency supplies, medications, and
equipment such as ventilator, defibrillator, splints, etc.

1224.33.2.4 Lobby. Provisions for reception, control,
and public waiting, including a public toilet room(s) with
handwashing fixture(s), and public telephone.

1224.33.2.5 Toilet room(s). Patient toilet room(s) with
handwashing fixture(s) convenient to the treatment
room(s).

1224.33.2.6 Communication. A communication hookup
to the Poison Control Center and local EMS system.

1224.33.2.7 Airborne infection isolation room. Shall
comply with the requirements of Section 1224.29.1.13
except for separate toilet room, bathtubs, or shower.

1224.33.3 Basic emergency medical service. When
24-hour emergency service is to be provided, at a minimum,
the following shall be provided:

1224.33.3.1 Exterior entrance. Grade-level
well-marked, illuminated, and covered entrance with
direct access from public roads for ambulance and vehi-
cle traffic conforming with the requirements of the local
authorities having jurisdiction. Entrance and driveway
shall be clearly marked. If a raised platform is used for
ambulance discharge, provide a ramp for pedestrian and
wheelchair access.

1224.33.3.2 Patient access. Paved emergency access to
permit discharge of patients from automobiles and
ambulances, and temporary parking convenient to the
entrance.

1224.33.3.3 Reception, triage, and control station(s).

This area shall be located to permit staff observation and

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control of access to treatment area, pedestrian and
ambulance entrances, and public waiting area.

1224.33.3.4 Wheelchair and gurney storage. Shall be
located with convenient access from emergency
entrances.

1224.33.3.5 Public waiting area with toilet room facili-
ties, drinking fountains, and telephone.

1224.33.3.6 Examination or treatment room(s). Shall
have a minimum floor area of 120 square feet (11.15 m^).
The room shall contain work counter(s); cabinets;
handwashing fixtures; and a vision panel adjacent to
and/or in the door When treatment cubicles are in open
multi-bed areas, each cubicle shall have a minimum of
80 square feet (7.43 m^) of clear floor space with a mini-
mum 8 foot (2438 mm) width and 3 feet (914 mm) at foot
of bed and shall be separated from adjoining cubicles by
curtains. Handwashing fixtures shall be provided for
each four treatment cubicles or major fraction thereof in
multiple-bed areas.

1224.33.3.7 Trauma/cardiac rooms. These rooms are
for emergency procedures, including emergency surgery,
and shall have at least 250 square feet (23. 23 m^) of clear
floor space. Each room shall have cabinets and emer-
gency supply shelves, image viewing capability, exami-
nation lights, and counter space for writing. Additional
space with cubicle curtains for privacy may be provided
to accommodate more than one patient at a time in the
trauma room. There shall be storage provided for imme-
diate access to attire used for universal precautions.
Doors leading from the ambulance entrance to the car-
diac trauma room shall have an opening with a minimum
width of 5 feet (1524 mm).

1224.33.3.8 Orthopedic and cast work. Provisions may
be made in separate room(s) or in the trauma room. They
shall include storage for splints and other orthopedic
supplies, traction hooks, image viewing capability, and
examination lights. If a sink is used for the disposal of
plaster of parts, a plaster trap shall be provided. The
clear floor space for this area shall be a minimum of 180
square feet (16.7 m^)

1224.33.3.9 Poison Control Center and EMS commu-
nications center. May be a part of the staff work and
charting area.

1224.33.3.10 Emergency equipment storage space.

1224.33.3.11 Patients' toilet room. Where there are
more than eight treatment areas, a minimum of two toilet
rooms, with a handwashing fixture in each toilet room,
shall be required.

1224.33.3.12 Storage. Provide rooms for clean, soiled,
or used supplies.

1224.33.3.12.1 Soiled workroom or soiled holding
room. See Section 1224.14.2.7. This room is for the
exclusive use of the emergency service.

1224.33.3.12.2 Clean utility room. See Section
1224.14.2.6.

1224.33.3.13 Administrative center or nurses' station
for staff work and charting. These areas shall have
space for counters, cabinets, and medication storage,
and shall have convenient access to handwashing fix-
tures. They may be combined with or include centers for
reception and communication.

1224.33.3.14 Staff lounge.

1224.33.3.15 Housekeeping room. A housekeeping
room shall be directly accessible from the unit.

1224.33.3.16 Airborne infection isolation room. If pro-
vided shall comply with the requirements of Section
1224.29.1.13 except for separate toilet room, bathtubs,
or shower.

1224.33.3.17 Secured holding room. If provided, shall
have at least one holding/seclusion room of 120 square
feet (11.15 m^). This room shall allow for security,
patient and staff safety, patient observation, and sound-
proofing.

1224.33.4 Other space considerations

1224.33.4.1 Observation units. If provided shall have
the following:

1. Handwashing fixtures shall be provided for each
four treatment cubicles or major fraction thereof.
Handwashing fixtures shall be convenient to nurse
stations and patient bed areas.

2. Each patient bed area shall have space at each
bedside for visitors and provision for visual pri-
vacy from casual observation by other patients
and visitors.

3. One toilet room shall be provided for each eight
treatment cubicles or major fraction thereof.

4. A sink, work counter, refrigerator, storage cabi-
nets.

1224.34 NUCLEAR MEDICINE

1224.34.1 General. If nuclear medicine is provided, the fol-
lowing shall be provided:

1224.34.1.1 Radiation protection. A certified physicist
shall specify the type, location, and amount of radiation
protection to be installed in accordance with final
approved department layout and equipment selection.
These specifications shall be incorporated into the plans.
Shielding of the rooms shall meet the requirements of
California Radiation Control Regulations, California
Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter 5, and
Subchapter 4.

1224.34.1.2 Nuclear medicine room. Sized to accom-
modate the equipment and a gurney. Provide a
handwashing fixture.

1224.34.1.3 Radiopharmacy. If radiopharmaceutical
preparation is performed, an area adequate to house a
radiopharmacy shall be provided with . appropriate
shielding. This area shall include adequate space for
storage of radionuclides, chemicals for preparation,
dose calibrators, and record keeping. If preprepared

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materials are used, storage and calculation area may be
considerably smaller than that for on-site preparation.
Space shall provide adequately for dose calibration,
quality assurance, and recordkeeping. The area may still
require shielding from other portions of the facilities.

1224.34.2 Services. Nuclear medicine area when operated
separately from the imaging department shall provide the
following:

1224.34.2.1 Entrance. Space shall be adequate to per-
mit entry of gurneys, beds, and able to accommodate
imaging equipment, electronic consoles, and if present,
computer terminals.

1224.34.2.2 Cleanup. Provisions for cleanup shall be
located within the service space for convenient access
and use. It shall include service sink or floor receptacle
as well as storage space for equipment and supplies.

1224.34.2.3 Consultation. A consultation area may be
provided.

1224.34.2.4 Waiting. Waiting areas shall be provided
out of traffic, under staff control. If the department is rou-
tinely used for outpatients and inpatients at the same
time, separate waiting areas shall be provided with
screening or visual privacy between the waiting areas.

1224.34.2.5 Dose administration area. Provide and
locate near the preparation area. Since as much as sev-
eral hours may elapse for the dose to take effect, the area
shall provide for visual privacy from other areas.

1224.34.2.6 Holding. A holding area for patients on
gurneys or beds shall be provided out of traffic and under
control of staff and may be combined with the dose
administration area with visual privacy between the
areas.

1224.34.2.7 Patient dressing rooms. Located conve-
nient to the waiting area and procedure rooms. Each
dressing room shall include a seat or bench, a mirror,
and provisions for hanging patients' clothing and for
securing valuables.

1224.34.2.8 Patient toilet room(s). Reserved for nuclear
medicine patients and shall be located convenient to
waiting and procedure rooms.

1224.34.2.9 Staff toilet rooms(s). Shall be located con-
venient to the nuclear medicine laboratory.

1224.34.2.10 Handwashing fixtures. Shall be located
within each procedure room.

1224.34.2.11 Control desk and reception.

1224.34.2.12 Storage area for clean linen.

1224.34.2.13 Soiled and contaminated material. Provi-
sions with handwashing fixtures shall be made for hold-
ing soiled material. Separate provisions shall be made
for holding contaminated material.

1224.34.3 Radiotherapy service space.

1224.34.3.1 Radiation therapy space. If radiation ther-
apy is provided, the following shall be accommodated:

1. Patient reception and waiting areas.

2. Space for medical and physics staff functions.

3. Space for equipment and supplies.

4. Housekeeping room.

5. Direct access to or space provided for radiation
measurement and calibration equipment, includ-
ing a calibration constancy instrument, and access
to a secondary standard dose meter.

5.1. A megavoltage treatment unit capable of
delivering x-rays or gamma rays of effec-
tive energy 500 KeVormore and conform-
ing to the requirements of California
Radiation Control Regulations, California
Code of Regulations, Title 17, Division 1,
Chapter 5, Subchapter 4.

5.2. Access to a medium voltage or superficial
treatment unit delivering 500 KeV or less,
but otherwise having the same functional
characteristics as the above mega-voltage
units and conforming to the requirements
of California Radiation Control Regula-
tions, California Code of Regulations, Title
17, Division 1, Chapter 5, Subchapter 4.

5.3. Direct access to or space provided for
brachytherapy equipment which shall meet
the requirements of California Radiation
Control Regulations, California Code of
Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter
5, Subchapter 4.

5.4. Shielding of the rooms shall meet the re-
quirements of California Radiation Con-
trol Regulations. California Code of
Regulations, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter
5, Subchapter 4.

1224.34.3.2 Radiation protection. Cobalt, linear accel-
erators, hot lab and high dose rate brachytherapy rooms
and simulation rooms require radiation protection. All
rooms that provide radiation treatment shall be appro-
priately shielded. A certified physicist shall specify the
type, location, and amount of protection to be installed in
accordance with final approved department layout and
equipment selection. Shielding of the rooms shall meet
the requirements of California Radiation Control Regu-
lations, California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Divi-
sion 1, Chapter 5, Subchapter 4. These specifications
shall be incorporated into the plans. ',

1224.34.3.3 Room sizes. Rooms shall be sized as fol-
lows:

1. Cobalt rooms and linear accelerators shall be
sized in accordance with equipment requirements
and shall accommodate a gumeyfor litter borne
patients. Layouts shall provide for preventing the
escape of radioactive particles. Openings into the
room, including doors, ductwork, vents and elec-
trical raceways and conduits, shall be baffled to
prevent direct exposure to other areas of the facil-
ity.

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2. Simulator, accelerator, and cobalt rooms shall be
sized to accommodate the equipment with patient
access on a gurney, medical staff access to the
equipment and patient, and service access.

1224.34.3.4 General support area. The following areas
shall be provided:

1. A gurney hold area adjacent to the treatment
rooms, screened for privacy, and combined with a
seating area for outpatients.

2. Exam or treatment room shall be provided with a
minimum of 100 square feet (9.29 m^) with a mini-
mum dimension of 8 feet (2438 mm). Each exam
room shall be equipped with a handwashing fix-
ture.

Exceptions:

1. Where renovation of existing treatment
rooms is undertaken in facilities built under
the 2001 or prior California Building Code,
treatment rooms shall have no less than 80
square feet (7.43 m^) of clear floor area.

2. For shelled spaces built under the 2001 or
prior California Building Code, treatment
rooms shall have no less than 80 square feet
(7.43 m^) of clear floor area per bed.

3. Darkroom is optional. If provided, shall be
convenient to the treatment room(s)

4. Patient gowning area with provision for safe
storage of valuables and clothing and with
direct access to toilet room(s). At least one
space shall be large enough for staff-as-
sisted dressing.

5. Film files area is optional. If provided shall
have storage for unprocessed film.

1224.34.4 Additional support areas for linear accelerator.

1224.34.4.1 Mold room with exhaust hood and
handwashing fixture.

1224.34.4.2 Block room with storage. The block room
may be combined with the mold room.

1224.34.5 Additional support areas for cobalt room.
1224.34.5.1 Hot lab.

1224.34.6 High dose rate brachytherapy room.

1224.35 REHABILITATION THERAPY DEPARTMENT

1224.35.1 Rehabilitation center space. If provided, a reha-
bilitation center space shall be designed to meet the require-
ments of Section 1224.14, except as follows:

1. Patient bedrooms shall contain a minimum of 110
square feet (10.22 m^) of clear floor area per bed,
exclusive of toilet room(s), closets, lockers, ward-
robes, alcoves or vestibules, with greater space pro-
vided for special needs such as circ-o-electric beds.

2. Space for group dining shall be provided at the mini-
mum rate of 20 square feet (1.86 m^) per bed.

3. Space for group recreation or patient's lounge shall
be provided at the minimum rate of 20 square feet
(1.86 m^) per bed.

4. Space for staff conferences, patient evaluation, and
progress reports.

5. A classroom space.

6. An examination and treatment room, adjacent or di-
rectly accessible to an office for the physician in
charge of the outpatient service.

7. A patient waiting area with access to telephone,
drinking fountain, and men 's and women 's toilet
room facilities in or adjacent to the rehabilitation
outpatient service area.

8. Access to an outside area to be used for therapeutic
procedures for patients.

9. At least one training toilet room in each patient unit
with minimum dimensions of 5 feet by 6 feet (1524
mm by 1829 mm).

10. Patient bathtubs, where provided, of standard height
and located to provide access to both sides and one
end of the tub.

11. Patient showers, where provided, shall have a mini-
mum floor area of 16 square feet (1.49 m^), no di-
mension of which shall be less than 4 feet (1219
mm), be equipped with handrails, privacy curtains,
and designed for ease of accessibility. The floor
shall be sloped to provide drainage.

1224.35.2 Physical therapy service space. If physical ther-
apy is part of the service, the following shall be included:

1. Individual treatment area(s) with privacy screens or
curtains. Each such space shall have not less than 70
square feet (6.51 m^) of clear floor area.

2. Handwashing fixtures for staff either within or at each
treatment space. (One handwashing fixture may serve
several treatment stations.)

3. Exercise area and facilities.

4. Clean linen and towel storage.

5. Storage for equipment and supplies.

6. Separate storage for soiled linen, towels, and sup-
plies.

Exception: When approved by the licensing
agency small or rural hospitals are exempt from
Sections 1224.35.2.1 through 1224.35.2.6.

1224.35.3 Occupational therapy service space. If this ser-
vice is provided, the following shall be included:

1. Work areas and counters suitable for wheelchair ac-
cess.

2. Handwashing fixture(s).

3. Storage for supplies and equipment.

4. An area for teaching daily living activities shall be
provided. It shall contain an area for a bed, kitchen
counter with appliances and sink, bathroom, and a ta-
ble/chair.

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1224.35.4 Speech pathology and/or audiology service
space. If a speech pathology service is provided, space shall
be provided for:

1. Tables and chairs to conduct interviews, consulta-
tions and treatment, and to accommodate patients in
wheelchairs and stretchers.

2. A waiting area with access to public toilet room(s) if
outpatients are being served.

3. Handwashing fixture.

4. Testing unit If an audiology service is provided, there
shall be, in addition to Items 1, 2 and 3 above, a mini-
mum of one two-room testing unit that meets Stan-
dards S-3.1, 1960 (R-1971), Criteria for Background
Noise in Audiometer Rooms, of the American Na-
tional Standards Institute, Inc., 1430 Broadway, New
York, NY 10018.

1224.36 RENAL DIALYSIS SERVICE SPACE (ACUTE
AND CHRONIC)

1224.36.1 General. If provided, renal dialysis service shall
comply with the following:

1224.36.2 Treatment area.

1224.36.2.1 Location. The treatment area may be an
open area and shall be separate from administrative and
waiting areas.

1224.36.2.2 Nurses' station(s). Shall be located within
the dialysis treatment area and designed to provide
visual observation of all patient stations.

1224.36.2.3 Individual patient treatment areas. Shall
contain at least 80 square feet (7.44 m^). There shall be at
least a 4-foot (1219 mm) space around and between beds
and/or lounge chairs.

1224.36.2.4 Handwashing fixtures. Shall be located
convenient to the nurses' station and patient treatment
areas. There shall be at least one handwashing fixture
serving no more than four stations. These shall be uni-
formly distributed to provide equal access from each
patient station.

1224.36.2.5 Privacy. The open unit shall be designed to
provide privacy for each patient.

1224.36.2.6 Treatment room. A minimum of one private
treatment room of at least 120 square feet (11.15 m^)
shall be provided for patients. This room shall contain a
counter and handwashing fixture.

1224.36.2.7 Medication dispensing. If provided, there
shall be a medication dispensing station for the dialysis
center. A work counter and handwashing fixtures shall
be included in this area. Provisions shall be made for the
controlled storage, preparation, distribution and refrig-
eration of medications.

1224.36.2.8 Home training. If provided in the unit, apri-
vate treatment area of at least 120 square feet (11.15 m^)
shall be provided for patients who are being trained to
use dialysis equipment at home. This room shall contain
counter, handwashing fixtures, and a separate drain for
fluid disposal.

1224.36.2.9 Examination room. An examination room
with a handwashing fixture shall be provided with at
least 100 square feet (9.29 m^).

1224.36.2.10 Clean utility room. A clean utility room
shall be provided. If the room is used for preparing
patient care items, it shall contain a work counter, a
handwashing fixture, and storage facilities for clean and
sterile supplies. If the room is used only for storage and
holding as part of a system for distribution of clean and
sterile materials, the work counter and handwashing fix-
ture may be omitted. Soiled and clean utility rooms or
holding rooms shall be separated and have no direct con-
nection.

1224.36.2.11 Soiled utility room. A soiled workroom
shall be provided and contain a sink, handwashing fix-
ture, work counter, storage cabinets, waste receptacles,
and a soiled linen receptacle.

1224.36.2.12 Reprocessing room. If dialyzers are
reused, a reprocessing room is required and sized to per-
form the functions required and include one-way flow of
materials from soiled to clean with provisions for a
refi-igerator (temporary storage ordialyzer), decontami-
nation/cleaning areas, sinks, processors, computer pro-
cessors and label printers, packaging area and dialyzer
storage and disinfectants cabinets.

1224.36.2.13 Nourishment station. If a nourishment
station for the dialysis service is provided, the nourish-
ment station shall contain a sink, a work counter, a
refrigerator, storage cabinets and equipment for serving
nourishments as required.

1224.36.2.14 Housekeeping room. Provide adjacent to
and for the exclusive use of the unit.

1224.36.2.15 Repair room. If required, an equipment
repair and breakdown room shall be equipped with a
handwashing fixture, deep service sink, work counter
and storage cabinet. Needs water supply and drain con-
nection for testing machines.

1224.36.2.16 Supplies. Supply areas or supply carts
shall be provided.

1224.36.2.17 Storage. Storage space shall be available
for wheelchairs and gumeys, if gurneys are provided, out
of direct line of traffic.

1224.36.2.18 Clean linen storage A clean linen storage
area shall be provided. This may be within the clean util-
ity room, a separate closet, or an approved distribution
system. If a closed cart system is used, storage may be in
an alcove. It must be out of the path of normal traffic and
under staff control.

1224.36.2.19 Mixing room. Each facility using a central
batch delivery system shall provide, either on the pre-
mises or through written arrangements, individual deliv-
ery systems for the treatment of any patient requiring
special dialysis solutions. The mixing room shall also
include a sink, storage space and holding tanks.

1224.36.2.20 Water treatment room. The water treat-
ment equipment shall be located in an enclosed room.

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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1224.36.2.21 Patient toilet. A patient toilet room with
handwashing fixtures shall be provided.

1224.36.3 Ancillary facilities.

1224.36.3.1 Staff lounge, lockers and toilet(s). Space
shall be available for male and female personnel for staff
clothing change area and lounge. The areas shall con-
tain lockers, shower, toilet(s), andhandwashing fixtures.

1224.36.3.2 Patient storage. Storage for patients'
belongings shall be provided.

1224.36.3.3 Waiting room. A waiting room, toilet
room(s) with handwashing fixtures, drinking fountain,
public telephone, and seating accommodations for waitr
ing periods shall be available or accessible to the dialy-
sis unit

1224.36.3.4 Administrative services. Provide office and
clinical work space.

1224.37 RESPIRATORY THERAPY SERVICE SPACE. If

respiratory service is provided, the following elements shall be
included:

1. Storage for equipment and supplies.

2. Space and utilities for cleaning and disinfecting equip-
ment. Provide physical separation of the space for re-
ceiving and cleaning soiled materials from the space for
storage of clean equipment and supplies. Appropriate lo-
cal exhaust ventilation shall be provided if
gluter aldehyde or other noxious disinfectants are used in
the cleaning process. This space may be co-located with
other reprocessing functions within the hospital.

3. Additional facilities. If respiratory services such as test-
ing and demonstration for outpatients are part of the pro-
gram, additional facilities and equipment shall be
provided including but not limited to:

3.1. Patient waiting.

3.2. A reception and control station.

1224.38 INTERMEDIATE-CARE SERVICE SPACE. An

intermediate-care service unit shall be housed in a separate
and distinct nursing unit and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 1225.

1224.39 OUTPATIENT SERVICE SPACE.

1224.39.1 Waiting area(s). Provide with access to public
toilet room facilities, a public telephone and a drinking
fountain. These facilities may be shared with other services.

1224.39.2 Outpatient surgery. If outpatient surgery is per-
formed in the outpatient service area, the following shall be
provided:

1. An operating room(s) with a minimum floor area of
270 square feet (25.08 m^), no dimension of which
shall be less than 15 feet (4572 mm).

2. Preoperative patient holding shall be provided in ac-
cordance with Section 1224.15.2.

3. A postanesthesia recovery area which meets the re-
quirements of Section 1224.16.

4. Each surgical unit shall provide a separate cleanup
room separated from any surgical sterilizing facili-

ties. The cleanup room shall provide 24 square feet
(2.2 m^) per operating room up to eight operating
rooms and shall have the minimum area of 48 square
feet (4.5 m^), with no dimension less than 6 feet (1829
mm).

5. Scrub sinks which meet the requirements of Section
1224.15.3.5.

6. Service areas which meet the requirements of Section
1224.15.3.

7. A housekeeping room shall be provided for the exclu-
sive use of outpatient surgery. It shall be directly ac-
cessible from the service area.

1224.39.3 Endoscopy rooms. If endoscopy examination
rooms are provided, each room shall be a minimum of 200
square feet (18.6 m^) and have a handwashing fixture.

1224.40 SKILLED NURSING SERVICE SPACE. If provided
a skilled nursing service unit shall be housed in a separate and
distinct nursing unit and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 1225.

1224.41 SOCIAL SERVICE SPACE. If provided, the social
service space shall include office or other space for privacy in
interviewing, telephoning and conducting conferences.

SECTION 1225 [OSHPD 2]

SKILLED NURSING AND INTERMEDIATE-CARE

FACILITIES

1225.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to
skilled nursing and intermediate-care facilities, including dis-
tinct part skilled nursing and intermediate care services on a
general acute-care or acute psychiatric hospital license, pro-
vided either in a separate unit or a freestanding building.

1225.2 Application. New buildings and additions, alterations
or repairs to existing buildings subject to licensure shall com-
ply with applicable provisions of the California Electrical
Code, California Mechanical Code and California Plumbing
Code, Parts 3, 4 and 5 of Title 24 and this section.

Exception: See Section 1224.2.

1225.3 General construction. Skilled nursing and intermedi-
ate-care facilities shall comply with Sections 1224.4 through
1224.13 whenever applicable.

1225.4 NURSING SERVICE SPACE.

1225.4.1 Patient bedrooms. Patients shall be accommo-
dated only in rooms with the following minimum floor area,
exclusive of toilet rooms, wardrobes, entrance vestibules,
and fixed furnishings or equipment.

1. Single-patient rooms: 110 square feet (10.21 m^).

2. Multipatient rooms: 80 square feet (7. 43 m^) per bed.

1225.4.2 Bed clearance. A minimum distance of 3 feet (914
mm) shall be provided between beds and 4 feet (1219 mm)
between the foot of beds and walls or fixed objects in
multipatient rooms, and 3 feet (914 mm) in single-patient
rooms.

1225.4.3 Patient room beds. Patient rooms shall not be
designed to permit the placement of beds more than three

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deep from the exterior window, but shall be of such shape
and dimensions to allow for the performance of routine
functions, including the easy transfer of patients to and from
bed to wheelchair or wheeled stretcher No patient room
shall be designed to accommodate more than four beds.

1225.4.4 Outside exposure. All patient bedrooms shall
have an outside exposure and shall not be below ground
level.

1225.4.5 Patient storage. Each patient room shall be pro-
vided with wardrobe or locker spaces for clothing, toilet
articles or other personal belongings for each patient.

Exception: Pediatric and psychiatric patient rooms.

1225.4.6 Airborne infection isolation rooms. If provided,
single rooms shall be provided for the isolation of patients
with airborne communicable disease. Airborne infection
isolation rooms shall be labeled with the words "Airborne
Infection Isolation Room" on or adjacent to the anteroom
side of the door between the isolation room and the ante-
room.

Exception: Alternate designs for modifications to isola-
tion rooms in operation prior to the effective date of this
section may be utilized when it can be demonstrated that
the alternate design meets performance requirements,
without compromising any health or life safety require-
ment.

1225.4. 6.1 Anteroom. A separate anteroom shall be pro-
vided between the airborne infection isolation room and
the corridor, which shall constitute the primary entrance
to the airborne infection isolation room. This anteroom
shall have a handwashing fixture, work counter at least 3
feet (914 mm) long, cabinets and space to gown and to
store clean and soiled materials. There shall be a view
window from the anteroom to the isolation room and
means to allow for airflow from the anteroom into the
airborne infection isolation room. Doors shall be
aligned to allow large equipment to be wheeled into the
airborne infection isolation room unless a secondary
door complying with Section 1225.4.6.2 is provided. One
anteroom may serve no more than two airborne infection
isolation rooms.

1225.4.6.2 Secondary entry. When a secondary entry is
provided directly from the hallway to the airborne infec-
tion isolation room, it shall be a tight-fitting smoke-and
draft-control assembly. In addition, an approved gasket
shall be installed to provide a seal at the bottom of the
door. Secondary doors shall be provided with locking
devices which are readily openablefrom the room side
and which are readily operable by the facility staff on the
other side. When key locks are used on isolation rooms,
keys shall be located at the nurses' station in a prominent
readily accessible location.

1225.4.6.3 Sealed-tight room. Airborne infection isola-
tion room perimeter walls, ceiling, fioors, doors, and
penetrations shall be sealed tightly to minimize air infil-
tration from the outside or from other spaces.

1225.4.6.4 Adjoining toilet room. Each isolation room
shall have its own adjoining toilet room with an emer-

gency nurse call system, a lavatory, a shower providing a
seat or a space for a shower chair and a toilet equipped
with a bedpan flushing attachment with a vacuum
breaker.

1225.4.7 Protective environment room(s). Protective envi-
ronment rooms for the protection of certain
immunosuppressed patients may be provided by the facility.
Protective environment rooms shall be labeled "Protective
Environment Room" on or adjacent to the anteroom side of
the door between the protective environment room and the
anteroom.

1225.4.7.1 Anteroom. A separate anteroom shall bepro-
vided between the protective environment room and the
corridor, hallway or adjoining space which shall consti-
tute the only entrance to the protective environment
room. This anteroom shall have a handwashing fixture,
work counter at least 3 feet (914 mm) long, cabinets and
space to gown and to store clean and soiled materials.
There shall be a view window from the anteroom to the
protective environment room. There shall be means to
allow for airflow from the protective environment room
into the anteroom. Anteroom doors shall be aligned so
that large equipment can be wheeled into the protective
environment room. One anteroom may serve no more
than one protective environment room.

Exception: Alternate designs for positive protective
environment rooms, without individual anterooms,
may be approved by the enforcement agency when it
can be demonstrated that the alternate design meets
the requirements of the California Mechanical Code
and does not compromise or alter any health or fire
protection component, assembly or system.

1225.4.7.2 Adjoining toilet room. Room shall meet the
requirements of Section 1225.4.6.4.

1225.4.7.3 Sealed-tight room. Airborne infection isola-
tion room perimeter walls, ceiling, floors, doors, and
penetrations shall be sealed tightly to minimize air infil-
tration from the outside or from other spaces.

1225.4.8 Room identification. Each patient room shall be
labeled with an identification number, letter, or combination
of the two.

1225.4.9 Nurses' station. A nurses' station in free-standing
skilled nursing and intermediate-care facilities shall be pro-
vided within each nursing unit. Nurses' stations shall be
designed to serve no more than 60 beds.

Exception: The 60-bed limit does not apply to distinct
part skilled nursing and intermediate-care services pro-
vided as a separate unit in a general acute-care hospital
or acute psychiatric hospital.

1225.4.9.1 Components. Nurses' stations shall be pro-
vided with a cabinet, a desk, space for records, a bulletin
board, a telephone, and a specifically designated,
lockable and illuminated medicine storage compart-
ment, and a handwashing fixture. If a separate medicine
room is provided, it shall have a lockable door and a sink.
This sink cannot replace the required nurses' station
handwashing fixture.

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1225.4.9.2 Size. Nurses' stations serving 25 or less beds
shall have a minimum floor area of 100 square feet (9.29
m^). Nurses' stations servicing more than 25 beds shall
have a minimum floor area of 125 square feet (11.6
square meters). The minimum dimension of any nurses'
station shall not be less than 8 feet (2438 mm).

Exception: This section does not preclude designs
based on primary nursing concepts incorporating
more than one single nursing station of less than 100
square feet (9.29 m^) each and an additional work
space or station for unit clerk/receptionist functions.

1225.4.9.3 Distance. In free-standing skilled nursing
and intermediate-care facilities the distance between the
nurses, station entrance and the center of the doorway of
the most remote patient bedroom shall not exceed 150
linear feet (45 720 mm).

Exception: The 150-foot (45 720 mm) limit does not
apply to distinct part skilled nursing and intermedi-
ate-care services provided as a separate unit in a gen-
eral acute care hospital or acute psychiatric hospital.

1225.4.10 Utility rooms. Utility rooms shall be provided in
each nursing unit. Clean utility rooms shall contain a work
counter, handwashing fixture and storage facilities unless
the room is used only for storage and holding as part of a
system for distribution of clean and sterile supplies, in
which case the work counter and handwashing fixture may
be omitted. Soiled utility rooms shall contain a
handwashing fixture, work counter, waste receptacles and
linen hampers unless the room is used only for the tempo-
rary holding of soiled materials, in which case the
handwashing fixture and work counter may be omitted.

1225.4.10.1 Size. Utility rooms shall be designed for the
separation of clean and soiled areas and provide not less
than 100 square feet (9.29 m^). Alternatively, separate
clean and soiled utility rooms of not less than 50 square
feet (4.64 m^) each may be provided. If utility rooms also
include linen and supply storage space provide the fol-
lowing:

1. Linen. Separate and enclosed facilities for clean
and soiled linen in each nursing unit. The clean
linen storage space shall have a minimum area of
10 square feet (9.29 m^) and may be within' the
clean utility room. The soiled linen collection
space shall have an area of no less than 10 square
feet (9.29 m^), except where linen chutes are pro-
vided, and may be within the soiled utility room.

2. Supply. One supply storage space having a mini-
mum area of 15 square feet (1.39 m^) shall be pro-
vided in each nursing unit. Supply storage may be
within the clean utility room used only as part of a
system for distributing clean and sterile supplies.

1225.4.10.2 Aisle widths. Minimum aisle widths in util-
ity rooms shall be 4 feet (1219 mm).

1225.4.11 Visual privacy. A method of assuring visual pri-
vacy for each patient shall be provided in patient rooms and
in tub, shower and toilet rooms.

1225.4.12 Treatment or exam room. If a treatment room or
an exam room is provided, it shall have a minimum area of
80 square feet (7.43 m^), the least dimension of which shall
be 8 feet (2438 mm).

1225.4.13 Toilet room and bath facilities. Separate toilet
room facilities shall be provided for the use of patients and
personnel.

1225.4.13.1 Grab bars. Each toilet, bathtub and shower
serving patients shall be provided with conveniently
located grab bars.

1225.4.13.2 Bathroom facilities shall be provided for
patients in convenient locations in at least the following
ratios:

Bathtubs or showers 1:20 patients or major frac-
tion thereof.

(Minimum one bathtub on each floor)

Lavatories 1:8 patients

(Fixtures shall be equipped with gooseneck spouts
without aerators and may have conventional con-
trols.)

Toilets 1:6 patients

Fixtures serving individual patient rooms shall not be
considered as meeting the required ratios for bedrooms
not served by individual adjoining toilet room or bath-
rooms. Changes in these ratios for wards or units in
which bed patients only are to be cared for may be per-
mitted by the enforcing agency.

1225.4.14 Patient/nurse call system. A patient/nurse call
system accommodating Section 517-123, California Elec-
trical Code, shall be provided.

1225.4.15 Special-purpose rooms. Special-purpose rooms
for the purpose of single-patient occupancy shall be pro-
vided at a ratio of one room for every 35 patients or fraction
thereof Airborne infection isolation rooms may be included
in determining the number of special-purpose rooms
required for the facilities.

1225.5 DIETETIC SERVICE SPACE.

1225.5.1 Location. Food-service areas shall be directly
accessible to the entry for food supply deliveries and for the
removal of kitchen wastes.

1225.5.2 Fixed equipment location. Fixed equipment shall
be placed so as to provide aisles of a width to permit easy
movement of personnel, mobile equipment and supplies,
and to assure sanitation and safety.

1225.5.3 Storage. Ventilated storerooms shall be provided
for the storage of food and food supplies. Dry or staple items
shall be stored at least 12 inches (305 mm) off the floor As a
minimum, dietary storage space shall be provided in accor-
dance with the following schedule:

Licensed Bed Capacity

1 to 99 beds

Storage Space

2 square feet (0.19 m^)
per bed

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100 to 199 beds 200 square feet (18.58

ni?) plus 1 square foot
(0.0929 tri^) per bed in
excess of 100 beds

200 beds and over 300 square feet (27.99 rrf),

plus '/2 square foot (0. 0465
m^) per bed in
excess of 200 beds.

1225.5.4 Refrigeration. Space to allow refrigeration for the
storage of frozen and chilled foods shall be provided at a
minimum of 2 cubic feet (0.057 m^) of usable space per bed.

Exception: All food or food items not requiring refriger-
ation shall be stored above the floor

1225.5.5 Handwashing. A separate handwashing fixture
shall be provided in all kitchens, food serving areas and
washrooms used by food handlers.

1225.5.6 Office space. Office or other space shall be pro-
vided for the dietician or dietetic service supervisor

1225.5.7 Dishwashing. Working space and space for equip-
ment shall be provided for cleaning and disinfection of all
utensils used in the preparation and serving of food.

1225.5.7.1 Pot and pan washing. Pot and pan washing
equipment should comply with utensil and dishwashing
standards in Title 22, Division 5.

1225.5.7.2 Equipment standards. All equipment in the
food-service area should meet the National Sanitation
Foundation Standards, Standard No. 2, current edition.

1225.5.8 Personnel dining space. Where personnel dining
space is included, 15 square feet (1.39 m^) per person
served (including the serving area) shall be provided.

1225.5.9 Outside service. When food is provided by an out-
side food service, there shall be standby kitchen, food stor-
age and equipment space to provide patient food service in
emergencies.

1225.5.10 Lockers. An enclosed, separate area shall be pro-
vided for dietetic service employees' clothing.

1225.5.11 Housekeeping room. A housekeeping room
meeting the requirements of Section 1224.4.15 shall be pro-
vided within or adjacent to the dietetic service. The house-
keeping room shall serve no other service. Storage space
shall be provided for soaps, detergents and cleaning com-
pounds within the housekeeping room or other area sepa-
rate from the food storage area.

1225.5.12 Alternate methods. If a method of operation is
proposed that is satisfactory to the enforcing agency, and
which requires less space than is specified in Sections
1225.5.3 through 1225.5.11 above, the floor area ratios set
forth may not be required. Additional space may be required
by the enforcing agency if the plan of operation requires a
greater amount of space than is specified in such sections.

1225.6 PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICE SPACE.

1225.6.1 Drug space and storage. Adequate space shall be
provided at each nursing station for the storage of drugs and
preparation of medication doses.

1225.6.2 Drug access. All spaces and areas used for the
storage of drugs shall be lockable and accessible to autho-
rized personnel only.

1225.6.3 Narcotics. Specific space shall be designed for
safe storage of narcotics and other dangerous drugs.

1225.6.4 Drug refrigeration. Facilities shall provide for
storage of drugs requiring refrigeration.

1225.6.5 Pharmacy. The pharmacy shall not serve the gen-
eral public unless a separate public entrance or a separate
public serving window is utilized.

1225.7 ACTIVITY PROGRAMMING SPACE. Designated
activity areas appropriate to independent and group needs of
patients shall be provided as follows:

1225.7.1 Skilled nursing facilities.

1. Recreation room. Each floor of each building accom-
modating six or more patients shall be provided with a
recreation room with a minimum of 100 square feet
(9.29 m^).

2. Recreation and dining. A minimum of 100 square feet
(9.3 m^)plus 12 square feet (1.11 m^) per bed shall be
provided for recreation and dining activities.

1225. 7.2 Intermediate-care facilities.

1. Recreation room. Each floor of each building accom-
modating five or more patients shall be provided with
a recreation room with a minimum of 150 square feet
(13.94 m^).

2. Recreation and dining. A minimum of 30 square feet
(2. 79 m^) per bed for recreation and dining activities.

3. Outdoor space for activities and recreation.

1225.7.3 Equipment and supplies. Recreation and dining
spaces shall be provided with space to store equipment and
supplies.

SUPPORT SERVICES

1225.8 ADMINISTRATION SPACE.

1225.8.1 Administration and public spaces. An adminis-
tration area shall be provided which shall include space for
business, administration, admitting, public toilet room(s),
lobby and public telephone.

1225.8.2 Medical record storage. Space shall be provided
for the storage of medical records.

1225.8.3 Office. An office for the director of nurses shall be
provided.

1225.9 STERILE SUPPLIES.

1225.9.1 Storage. Each facility shall provide space for the
storage of disposable sterile supplies or provide space for
sterilization and disinfection equipment.

Exception: Facilities with contractual arrangements for
outside autoclaving and sterilizing services.

1225.9.2 Central sterile supply. If provided, shall accom-
modate the following:

1225.9.2.1 Minimum requirements. A central supply
and sterilizing area shall be provided. Rooms and spaces

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shall accommodate the following services and equip-
ment:

1. Soiled work area. A receiving and gross cleaning
area which shall contain work space and equip-
ment for cleaning medical and surgical equipment
and for disposal of or processing of soiled mate-
rial.

2. Clean work area. A clean work area which shall
contain work space and equipment for sterilizing
medical and surgical equipment and supplies.

3. Sterilizing space.

4. Storage. Space for sterile supplies and unsterile
supplies.

1225.9.2.2 Sterilizers. All sterilizers and autoclaves
which emit steam exhaust shall be vented to the outside of
the building. Such vents shall be independent from the
plumbing vent system.

Exception: Small instrument sterilizers.

1225.10 STORAGE.

1225.10.1 Required areas. Facilities shall provide com-
bined general and specialized storage in accordance with
the following schedule:

Licensed Bed Capacity Storage Area

I to 10 beds 120 square feet (11.15 m^)

minimum

II to 100 beds 12 square feet (1.11 m^)

per bed
Over 100 beds 1,200 square feet (111.48

m^) plus 5

square feet (0.46 m^) per
bed for each bed over 100

1225.10.2 Specialized storage. Shall include those spaces
identified in the dietetic food storage of Section 1225.5 and
as follows:

1225.10.2.1 Linen. Separate and enclosed facilities for
clean and soiled linen in each nursing unit. The clean
linen storage space shall have a minimum area of 10
square feet (0.93 m^) and may be within the clean utility
room. The soiled linen collection space shall have an
area of no less than 10 square feet (0.93 m^), except
where linen chutes are provided, and may be within the
soiled utility room.

1225.10.2.2 Supply. One supply storage space having a
minimum area of 15 square feet (1.39 m^) shall be pro-
vided in each nursing unit. Supply storage may be within
the clean utility room used only as part of a system for
distributing clean and sterile supplies.

1225.10.2.3 Wheelchairs. A room or space shall be pro-
vided in each nursing unit for wheelchairs and stretch-
ers. The wheelchair and stretcher space shall have a
minimum area of 15 square feet (1.39 m^).

1225.10.2.4 Sterile and unsterile supplies shall be stored
separately.

1225.10.2.5 Location. All storage spaces shall be
directly accessible on the site of the licensed facility.

1225.11 EMPLOYEE DRESSING ROOMS AND LOCK-
ERS. Separate dressing rooms with toilet(s), lavatories and
lockers for male and female personnel shall be provided.

1225.12 HOUSEKEEPING ROOMS. Housekeeping rooms
shall be provided to serve each department and nursing unit,
and may be shared by compatible departments, except when
specifically required by other sections.

1225 13 LAUNDRY. If a laundry is to be provided, the follow-
ing is required in addition to the laundry room:

1. A separate soiled linen receiving, holding and sorting
room with handwashing fixture.

2. A separate clean linen storage, issuing and holding
room.

3. Storage for laundry supplies.

1225.13.1 Outside service. If linen is processed off site, the
following shall be provided within the hospital:

1. A soiled linen holding room.

2. A separate clean linen receiving and storage room.

OPTIONAL SERVICES

1225.14 GENERAL. Waiting areas and access to optional ser-
vices for outpatients shall accommodate the following:

1225.14.1 Outpatient waiting rooms. Waiting rooms for
outpatients shall provide a seating area and space for
wheelchairs and have public corridor access to, or provi-
sions for, public toilet room(s), drinking fountain and tele-
phone.

Note: One waiting area may serve more than one depart-
ment or service.

1225.14.2 Circulation. If x-ray examinations are to be per- \
formed on outpatients, outpatient access to the radiological
spaces shall not traverse a nursing unit.

Exception: Satellite radiology, laboratory, pharmacy, J
physical and occupational therapy space serving inpa-
tients may be located in nursing units and inpatient treat-
ment areas.

1225.15 PHYSICAL THERAPY SERVICE.

1225.15.1 Area. The minimum floor area for a physical
therapy service shall be 300 square feet (27.87 m^), with no
dimensions less than 12 feet (3658 mm).

1225.15.2 Toilet room(s). Toilet room facilities shall be
directly accessible and allow for patient transfer activities.

1225.15.3 Equipment space. See Title 22 for required
equipment.

1225.15.4 Handwashing fixture. A minimum of one
handwashing fixture shall be provided.

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1225.16 OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY SERVICE. An occu-
pational therapy service shall accommodate the requirements
of Sections 1225.15.1, 1225.15.2 and 1225.15.4.

Storage space shall be provided.

Note: See Title 22 for required equipment, supplies and
adaptive devices.

1225.17 SPEECH PATHOLOGY AND/OR AUDIOLOGY
SERVICE. At least one space free of ambient noise shall be
provided. A handwashing fixture shall be provided.

1225.18 SOCIAL WORK SERVICE. Office space for privacy
in interviewing, telephoning and conferences shall be pro-
vided.

1225.19 SPECIAL TREATMENT PROGRAM SERVICE.

1225.19.1 Location. A special treatment program service
providing therapeutic services to an identified mentally dis-
ordered population group shall be located in a distinct sepa-
rate unit of the facility.

1225.19.2 Nursing service. The nursing service space shall
comply with Section 1225.4.

1225.19.3 Activity program. The activity program space
shall provide a minimum of 25 square feet (2.3 m^) of dining
and recreation space per bed.

1225.19.4 Indoor and outdoor space. Shall be designated
for the special treatment program.

SECTION 1226 [OSHPD 3]
CLINICS

1226.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to pri-
mary-care clinics, specialty clinics and psychology clinics.
Primary-care clinics include free clinics, community clinics,
employee clinics and optometric clinics. Specialty clinics
include surgical clinics, chronic end-stage renal dialysis clin-
ics and rehabilitation clinics.

1226.2 Application. All new buildings and additions, alter-
ations or repairs to existing buildings subject to licensure shall
comply with applicable provisions of the California Electrical
Code, California Mechanical Code, California Plumbing
Code, California Fire Code, (Parts 3, 4, 5, and 9 of Title 24) and
this section.

Exception: See Section 1224.2.

1226.3 Definitions. See Section 1224.3.

1226.4 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION. Clinics shall comply
with Sections 1224.4.2 through 1224.4.5 wherever applicable.

1226.5 CORRIDORS AND HALLWAYS.

1226.5.1 Connections. Corridor systems shall connect all
essential services.

1226.5.2 Corridors. Rehabilitation clinics shall have corri-
dors of at least 5 feet (1524 mm) in width, with handrails on
both sides.

1226. 6 DOORS AND DOOR OPENINGS.

1226.6.1 Doors. Doors for patient use shall have an open-
ing of not less than 3 feet (914 mm) in width. Where patients

are transported by wheeled stretchers, doors shall provide a
minimum opening of 44 inches (1118 mm).

1226.6.2 Pocket doors. Except for administrative areas,
pocket sliding doors are not permitted.

1226.7 WINDOWS AND SCREENS. Where necessary to pro-
tect against entrance of insects, screens of 16 meshes per inch
shall be installed on windows which may be left in an open
position.

1226.8 CEILING HEIGHTS.

1226.8.1 Minimum height. The minimum height of ceilings
shall be 8 feet (2438 mm), except in closets, toilet rooms and
bathrooms where the minimum ceiling height shall not be
less than 7 feet (2134 mm).

1226.8.2 Minimum height with fixed ceiling equipment.

Operating rooms, radiographic rooms and other rooms
containing ceiling-mounted major fixed equipment or ceil-
ing-mounted surgical light fixtures shall have ceiling
heights to accommodate the equipment or fixtures and their
normal movement.

1226.9 INTERIOR FINISHES— FLOORS AND BASES.

1226.9.1 Floor finishes. Shall be smooth, water resistant
and durable. Upon written, appropriately documented
request, the enforcing agency may grant approval of the
installation of carpet.

1226.9.2 Bases. The materials and textures of bases and the
installation thereof shall be so as to minimize moisture infil-
tration. Wood bases are prohibited except in waiting areas
and administration departments.

1226.9.3 Bases/wet cleaning. Wall bases in operating
rooms, cast rooms and other areas which are frequently sub-
ject to wet-cleaning methods shall be made integral and
coved with thefioor. Construction shall be without voids at
the intersection of floor and wall surfaces.

1226.10 WALL AND CEILINGS. For wall and ceiling finish
requirements, refer to Section 1224.4.11 and Table 1224.1.

1226.11 ELEVATORS.

1226.11.1 Cab requirements. Buildings over one story in
height with accommodations or services for patients on
floors without grade-level entrance shall provide at least
one elevator in compliance with Section 3002.4.

1226.11.2 Dimensions. Elevators used for the routine
transport of wheeled stretchers shall have minimum inside
platform dimensions of 5 feet by 8 feet (1524 mm by 2438
mm) and a minimum clear door opening of 3 feet 8 inches
(1118 mm).

1226.12 GARBAGE-SOLID WASTES AND TRASH STOR-
AGE.

1226.12.1 Enclosure. A lockable room or screened enclo-
sure of at least 25 square feet (2.32 m^) shall be provided for
the washing and cleaning of garbage containers and for the
storage of garbage, trash and other solid wastes. Such room
or screened enclosure shall include the following:

1226.12.1.1 Floor and curb. A concrete floorwith a curb
and with a drain connected to the sewer.

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1226.12.1.2 Water. Steam or hot water and cold water
supplies in accordance with the California Plumbing
Code.

1226.12.1.3 Size. A minimum floor area of not less than
25 square feet (2.32 m^), the least dimension of which
shall be 4 feet (1219 mm). This amount of space may not
be required by the enforcing agency if there isproposeda
method of handling, storage, or cleaning of containers
which requires a lesser amount of space. Additional
space may be required by the enforcing agency when
special operations or collection and disposal methods
result in greater than usual accumulation of solid wastes.

1226.12.2 Compactors. Trash compactor systems shall
meet the drainage and wash-down requirements under Sec-
tion 1226.12.1, Items 1 and 2.

Exception: If a dumpster system is proposed, opera-
tional procedures for handling and storage must be spe-
cifically approved by the local health officials.

1226.13 LAUNDRY AND TRASH CHUTES. Gravity-type
laundry and trash chutes shall conform with Section
1224.4.16.

PRIMARY CARE CLINICS

1226.14 ABORTION SERVICES. Clinics with abortion ser-
vices shall provide, in addition to the basic clinic facilities. ■

1226.14.1 Postabortion recovery area. Shall have a mini-
mum area of 60 square feet (5.57 m^) per recovery bed, with
cubicle curtains for patient privacy.

1226.14.2 Storage. Space for the storage of patient clothing
and personal items.

1226.14.3 Counseling. A room or private area of at least 60
square feet (5.57 m^) for preabortion and postabortion
counseling.

1226.15 CLINICAL FACILITIES. Clinical facilities shall
include the following:

1226.15.1 Examination room. Shall have a minimum area
of 70 square feet (6.50 m^), the least dimension of which
shall be 7 feet (2134 mm), excluding such spaces as vesti-
bule, toilet room and work counter.

1226.15.2 Treatment room. If provided, shall have a mini-
mum area of 120 square feet (11.15 m^), the least dimension
of which shall be 10 feet (3048 mm), excluding such spaces
as vestibules and work counters.

Exception: Treatment rooms used for aspiration abor-
tion may be, as a minimum, sized as examination rooms.

1226.15.3 Handwashing fixtures. Examination and treat-
ment rooms, including those used for abortion, shall be
equipped with handwashing fixtures.

Exception: Examination and treatment rooms used for
routine examinations or where surgical procedures are
not performed may be equipped with fixtures having
wrist or elbow controls.

1226.15.4 Records. Space shall be designed for charting
and storage of clinical records.

1226.15.5 Drug distribution. A lockable drug distribution
station with space for a refrigerator.

1226.15.6 Utility room. A utility room which contains stor-
age, sinks, work counter, and separate clean and soiled
linen hampers. The room shall be designed for the separa-
tion of clean and dirty work areas. Separate clean and
soiled utility rooms may be designated

BIRTHING CLINICS

1226.16 BIRTHING CLINICS. Birthing clinics shall accom-
modate the provisions of Sections 1226.17.4, 1226.17.5 and
1226.17.6, as well as the following:

1. A birthing room shall provide not less than 156 square
feet (14.49 m^), with a minimum dimension of 12 feet
(3658 mm) of usable floor space.

2. An adjoining toilet room with a nurses ' call system and a
lavatory.

3. Direct access to a patient shower.

4. A handwashing fixture located within or directly outside
the room. If the fixture is located within the room, the fix-
ture may be screened or within openable casework.

5. A nurses' call system which will alert the nearest continu-
ally staffed nurses' station.

6. Lighting capable of 1076 lux (lOOfootcandles) at work-
ing surfaces. Dimmer switches may be used.

7. Oxygen and suction capabilities, portable or piped.

8. Space for a crash cart.

9. Space for supplies and equipment, as well as separate
spaces for clean and soiled linen.

SPECIALTY CLINICS

1226.17 SURGICAL CLINICS.

1226.17.1 Operating rooms. Shall have a minimum floor
dimension of 15 feet (4572 mm) and shall contain not less
than 2 70 square feet (25. 08 m^) of floor area and have provi-
sions for the following:

1. Clock and elapsed timer.

2. X-ray film illuminator

1226.17.2 Cast rooms, fracture rooms and cystoscopic
rooms. If provided, shall have minimum floor area of 180
square feet (16.72 m^), no dimension of which shall be less
than 11 feet (3353 mm).

1226 17.3 Scrub sinks. A minimum of two scrub sinks shall
be provided in a surgical unit containing one operating
room. Four scrub sinks shall be provided in surgical units
containing two operating rooms. One additional scrub sink
shall be provided for each additional operating room.

1226.17.3.1 Clock. A direct-wired or battery-operated
clock or other equivalent timing device shall be visible
from the scrub-up sinks.

1226.17.4 Clean-up room. Each surgical unit shall provide
a clean-up room with a handwashing fixture andwork space
which is separate from any surgical sterilizing facilities. The
clean-up room shall provide 24 square feet (2.23 m2) per
operating room up to eight operating rooms, with no dimen-

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sions less than 6 feet (1829 mm). The clean-up room may be
the soiled work area of the central sterile supply.

1226.17.5 Cart storage. Space for clean and soiled cart
storage shall be provided if a case cart supply system is pro-
posed.

1226.17.6 Housekeeping room. See Section 1224.4.15. The
housekeeping room shall serve no other areas.

1226.17.7 Lockers. Separate dressing rooms with lockers,
showers, lavatories and toilet(s) shall be provided for male
and female staff.

1226.17.8 Support spaces. A surgical supervisor's station,
a sterile supply storage facility stretcher space and instru-
ment storage facilities shall be provided.

1226.17.9 Outpatient change area. A separate space shall
be provided where outpatients change from street clothing
and are prepared for surgery. This would include provisions
for clothing storage, toilet room(s), sink space for clothing
change and gowning area.

1226.17.10 Postanesthesia recovery. The postanesthesia
recovery unit shall be provided and contain the following
spaces:

1226.17.10.1 Size. Floor area of at least 70 square feet
(6.50 m^) per bed, exclusive of the spaces listed below in
Items 1226.17.10.2 and 1226.17.10.3.

1226.17.10.2 Nurses' control area. Space for a nurses'
control desk, signal system annunciator, charting space,
lockable medicine cabinet, refrigerator and
handwashing fixture.

1226.17.10.3 Storage. Separate storage spaces of at
least 10 square feet (0.93 m^)for clean and soiled linen,
supplies and equipment.

1226.17.10.4 Medical air. Provisions for piped or porta-
ble oxygen and suction systems at each bed location.

1226.17.11 Central sterile supply. A central supply and
sterilizing area shallbe provided. Rooms and spaces to pro-
vide for the following services and equipment:

1226.17.11.1 Soiled work area. A receiving and gross
cleaning area of at least 50 square feet (4.65 m^) which
shall contain work space and equipment for cleaning
medical and surgical equipment and for disposal of or
processing unclean material.

1226.17.11.2 Clean work area. A clean work area of at
least 50 square feet (4.65 m^) which shall contain space
and equipment for sterilizing medical and surgical
equipment and supplies.

1226.17.11.3 Separation. There shall be separation of
soiled or contaminated supplies and equipment and
clean work areas.

1226.17.11.4 Space for sterilizing equipment

1226.17.11.5 Supplies. Separate storage space for ster-
ile supplies and unsterile supplies.

1226.17.11.6 Sterilizers and autoclaves. All sterilizers
and autoclaves, except small instrument sterilizers
which emit steam exhaust, shall be vented to the outside

of the building. Such vents shall be independent from the
plumbing vent system.

1226.18 CHRONIC DIALYSIS CLINICS.

1226.18.1 Size. Provide a minimum of 100 square feet (9.29
m^) of floor space, inclusive of aisles, per bed or station.

1226.18.2 Nurses' station. Shall be equipped with a cabi-
net, a desk, space for records, atelephone, and a specifically
designated and well-illuminated medicine storage com-
partment with a lockable door.

1226.18.3 Utility room. Shall provide for the separation of
clean and dirty work areas and shall include work counters
and cabinets.

1226.18.4 Waiting area.

1226.18.5 Conference room. Provide a private room or
office near or contiguous with the unit for conference space
for patients and staff.

1226.18.6 Storage. Provide space for supplies and equip-
ment.

1226.18.7 Contaminated material storage. Provide sepa-
rate secure storage for all contaminated materials.

1226.18.8 Equipment room. Provide an equipment room
sized to accommodate the pumps, central distribution
equipment and any other necessary equipment.

1226.18.9 Toilet room(s). Provide patient toilet room(s)
which are directly accessible and equipped with bedpan
flushing attachment(s).

1226.18.10 Staff facilities. Provide staff lockers and change
areas with toilet(s).

1226.18.11 Housekeeping room. Provide 15 square feet
(1.39 m^) with service sink and storage space.

1226.18.12 Clean and soiled linen. Provide separate clean
and soiled linen storage.

1226.18.13 Administration. Provide space for admitting,
business and administration areas.

1226.18.14 Home training. If provided within the unit,
shall contain 11.0 square feet (10.22 m^) of usable enclosed
floor space.

1226.18.15 Handwashing fixtures. At least one
handwashing fixture shall be provided for each of the fol-
lowing areas:

1. Nurses' station which may also serve up to eight pa-
tient beds or stations.

2. Isolation room.

3. Home training room.

4. Utility room.

5. One additional handwashing fixture for every eight
patients, or fraction thereof, not served by the nurses'
station fixture.

1226.19 REHABILITATION CLINICS. Rehabilitation clin-
ics shall meet the general requirements of Sections 1226.4
through 1226.13, as well as the following sections:

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1226.19.1 Occupational therapy service space. If provided,
shall include the following:

1. A minimum floor area of 300 square feet (27.87 m^),
no dimension of which shall be less than 12 feet (3658
mm).

2. An office space separate from the treatment area.

3. Storage space for equipment and supplies, as well as
separate spaces for clean and soiled linen.

4. Handwashing fixture.

1226.19.2 Physical therapy service space. A physical ther-
apy service space shall be provided to accommodate the fol-
lowing:

1. A physical therapy treatment space of at least 300
square feet (2 7.87 m^), no dimension of which shall be
less than 12 feet (3658 mm).

2. An office space, separate from the treatment area.

3. A minimum of one handwashing fixture in the treat-
ment area.

4. Storage space for equipment and supplies, as well as
separate spaces for clean and soiled linen.

1226.19.3 Audiology service space. If an audiology service
is provided, the following shall be provided:

1. A minimum of one two-room testing unit that meets
Standards S-3.1 1960 (R-I97I), Criteria for Back-
ground Noise in Audiometer Rooms, of the American
National Standards Institute, Inc., 1430 Broadway,
New York, m 10018.

2. Space for tables and chairs to conduct interviews,
consultations and treatment.

3. Storage space for equipment and supplies.

4. Handwashing fixture in each treatment area.

1226.19.4 Speech pathology. If a speech pathology service
is provided, there shall be:

1. Space for tables and chairs to conduct interviews,
consultations and treatment.

2. Storage space for equipment and supplies.

3. Handwashing fixture in each treatment room.

PSYCHOLOGY CLINICS

1226.20 PSYCHOLOGY CLINICS. Psychology clinics shall
provide at least an interview room, consulting room and group
therapy room, in addition to meeting the general requirements
of Sections 1226.4 through 1226.13.

SECTION 1227[OSHPD 4]
CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT CENTERS

1227.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to Cor-
rectional Treatment Centers.

1227.2 Application. New buildings and additions, alterations
or repairs to existing buildings subject to licensure shall com-
ply with applicable provisions of the California Electrical
Code, California Mechanical Code, California Plumbing
Code, and California Fire Code ( Parts 3, 4, 5, and 9 of Title 24)
and this section.

1227.3 Definitions.

BASIC SERVICES for Correctional Treatment Centers are
those services required for licensure as a Correctional Treat-
ment Center, including medical, surgical, psychiatrist, psy-
chologist, nursing, pharmacy, and dietary. See "Optional
services."

HAND WASHING FIXTURE is a special application sink
having a water supply spout mounted so the discharge point is
at least 5 inches (127 mm) above the fixture rim and equipped
with hot and cold supply controls not requiring direct contact
of the hands for operation. The fixture cannot be equipped with
an aerator and wrist or elbow blade handles. Gooseneck
spouts shall not be used in Correctional Treatment Centers.

LICENSING AGENCY is the Department of Health Services.

OPTIONAL SERVICES are inpatient or outpatient services
which are not required to be provided by law or regulation for
licensure. An optional service, when provided, must accommo-
date the provisions of this section. See "Basic services."

OUTPATIENT SERVICE is an organizational unit of the
Correctional Treatment Center which provides nonemergency
health care services to patients.

1227.4 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION.

1227.4.1 Services/systems and utilities. Correctional treat-
ment centers shall comply with this section.

1227.4.2 Service spaces. Spaces for dietary, laundry,
morgue, ambulance entrance, receiving areas, power
plants, mechanical equipment, incinerator, garbage can
cleaning, automobile parking and storage areas for gar-
bage, trash and medical gases shall be located and con-
structed to minimize noise, steam, odors, and hazards in
patient care areas and bedrooms.

1227.4.3 Treatment spaces. Radiology, laboratory, phar-
macy and physical therapy spaces shall not be located in
nursing units, surgical units, perinatal units, nursery areas,
central sterilization rooms, food service areas, power
plants, mechanical equipment rooms, maintenance shops,
general storage, laundry, employees' dressing or house-
keeping facilities.

1227.4.4 Treatment or exam room. If a treatment room or
an exam room is provided, it shall have a minimum area of
80 square feet (7.43 m^), the least dimension of which shall
be 8 feet (2438 mm).

1227.5 CORRIDORS.

1227.5.1 Width. The minimum width of corridors shall be 8
feet (2438 mm).

Exception: Patient-care corridors in Correctional
Treatment Centers for psychiatric care of patients who
are not bedridden shall have a minimum clear and unob-
structed width of 6 feet (1829 mm). For the purpose of
this section, bedridden patients shall be defined as
patients confined to beds who would be transported or
evacuated in beds or litters.

1227.5.2 Service corridors width. Service corridors with
anticipated light traffic volume for nonpatient use may be

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reduced to a width of 5 feet (1524 mm) if approved by the
enforcing agency.

Exception: Corridors in administrative and business
areas may be reduced to a width of 44 inches (1118 mm).

1227.5.3 Handrails. Corridors for patient traffic in areas
providing skilled nursing, intermediate, care or rehabilita-
tion services shall be furnished with a handrail on both
sides at a height not less than 30 inches (762 mm) or greater
than 36 inches (914 mm).

1227.5.4 Connections. Corridor systems shall connect all
patient rooms and essential services.

1227.6 DOORS AND DOOR OPENINGS.

1227.6.1 Toilet room doors. Doors to toilet rooms shall
have an opening of not less than 32 inches (813 mm) clear in
width and shall be equipped with hardware which will per-
mit the door to swing outward or in a manner to negate the
need to push against a patient who may have collapsed
within the toilet room.

1227.6.2 Pocket doors. Pocket sliding doors are not permit-
ted.

Exception: Doors not serving as exit doors from admin-
istration areas.

1227.6.3 Door view windows. Doors to patient bedrooms
shall be provided with a view window with a minimum area
of 288 square inches (0.186 square meters). Window sill
height shall not be higher than 42 inches (1067 mm) from
the floor.

1227.7 WINDOWS AND SCREENS.

1227.7.1 Natural light Rooms approved for the housing of
patients shall be provided with natural light by means of
glazed openings.

1227.7.2 Screens. When windows are operable, they shall
be provided with insect screens of 16 meshes to the inch.

1227.7.3 Light and ventilation. All portions of a building
used by patients, personnel or other persons shall be pro-
vided with artificial light and a mechanically operated ven-
tilating system as specified in the California Electrical Code
and the California Mechanical Code.

1227.7.4 Patient viewing windows. Each patient bedroom
shall be provided with viewing windows from the corridor to
allow full and unobstructed visual observation of the
patient

1227.8 CEILING HEIGHTS.

1227.8.1 Minimum height. The minimum height of ceilings
shall be 8 feet (2438 mm).

Exception: Closet, toilet rooms and bathroom minimum
ceiling heights shall not be less than 7 feet (2134 mm).

1227.8.2 Minimum height with fixed ceiling equipment

Rooms containing ceiling-mounted, major fixed equipment
or ceiling-mounted surgical light fixtures shall have ceiling
heights to accommodate the equipment or fixtures and their
normal movement.

1227.9 INTERIOR FINISHES

1227.9.1 Floor finishes. .

1227.9.1.1 Floor finishes. Shall be smooth, waterproof
and durable.

Exception: Upon written appropriate documented
request, the enforcing agency may grant approval of
the installation of carpet. See Table 1224.1.

1227.9.1.2 Resilient flooring. If used in toilet and bath-
ing rooms, shall be continuous and extend upward onto
the walls at least 5 inches (127 mm).

1227.9.2 Wall bases.

1227.9.2.1 Materials and installation. The material and
textures of bases and the installation thereof shall be
such as to minimize dust-catching surfaces, moisture,
infiltration and the harboring of vermin.

Exception: In locations where carpet is permitted as
a floor finish material, the use ofcarpetedbase (coved
or strip base) up to a maximum height of 5 inches (127
mm) is also permissible.

1227.9.2.2 Wood bases. Wood bases are prohibited
except in administration departments and other offices
described in Section 1227.16.

Exceptions: Wall bases in kitchens, operating rooms,
delivery rooms, emergency operating rooms, cast
rooms, special procedure rooms and other areas
which are subject to wet cleaning methods shall be
made integral and coved with the floor, and con-
structed without voids at the intersection of floor and
wall surfaces.

1227.9.3 Walls. Interior wall finishes shall be smooth,
washable and durable.

1227.9.4 Ceilings. Ceiling finishes shall be in compliance
with Table 1224.1.

Exceptions: Walls and ceiling finish requirements do not
apply to boiler rooms, mechanical equipment rooms,
administration departments, other offices, enclosed
stairways, maintenance shops and similar spaces.

1227.10 ELEVATORS.

1227.10.1 Patient elevators shall have minimum insideplat-
form dimensions of 5 feet by 8 feet (1524 mm by 2438 mm)
and a minimum clear door opening of 4 feet, inches (1118
mm).

1227.10.2 Passenger elevators shall have minimum inside
platform dimensions of 4 feet, 8 inches by 7 feet, 4 inches
(1422 mm by 2236 mm).

1227.10.3 Buildings over one story in height with accom-
modations or services for patients onfioors without grade
level entrance shall provide at least one passenger or
patient elevator.

1227.10.4 Ifbedpatients are accommodated on one or more
floors, other than the main entrance floor or where operat-
ing rooms or delivery rooms are above or below the main
entrance floor, at least one patient elevator shall be pro-
vided.

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1227.10.5 At least one patient elevator and one service ele-
vator shall be provided in Correctional Treatment Centers
with a capacity of 60 to 149 beds on floors other than the
main entrance floor

1227.10.6 At least one patient elevator, one passenger ele-
vator andone service elevator shall be provided in hospitals
with a capacity of 150 or more beds on floors other than the
main entrance floor

1227.10.7 If elevators in the correctional institution meet
the above size requirements and are easily accessible, the
elevators need not be duplicated in the Correctional Treat-
ment Centers.

1227.11 GARBAGE-SOLID WASTE AND TRASH STOR-
AGE. Rooms or screening enclosures shall be provided for the
washing and cleaning of garbage containers and for the stor-
age of garbage, trash, and other solid wastes. Such rooms or
screening enclosures shall include the following:

1. A concrete floor with a curb and with a drain connected
to the sewer

2. Steam or hot-water and cold-water supply.

3. A minimum floor area of 112 square feet (10.40 m^)per
bed, but not less than 25 square feet (2.32 m^), the least
dimension of which shall be 4 feet (1219 mm).

4. A method of limiting access to the material except by au-
thorized persons.

BASIC SERVICES

1227.12 NURSING SERVICE SPACE.

1227.12.1 Patient bedrooms. Patients shall be accommo-
dated only in rooms with the following minimum floor area,
exclusive of toilet rooms, wardrobes, entrance vestibules,
and fixed furnishings or equipment.

1. Single-patient rooms: 110 square feet (10.22 m^).

2. Multi-patient rooms: 80squarefeet(7.43m^)perbed.

1227.12.2 Distance. A minimum distance of 3 feet (914 mm)
shall be provided between beds and 4 feet (1219 mm)
between the foot of beds and walls or fixed objects in
multipatient rooms, and 3 feet (914 mm) in single-patient
rooms.

1227.12.3 Airborne infection isolation rooms. Single
rooms shall be provided for the isolation of patients with
airborne communicable disease at a ratio of one room for
each 35 beds, or major fraction thereof. At least one air-
borne infection isolation room shall be provided. Airborne
infection isolation rooms shall be labeled with the words
"Airbone Infection Room" on or adjacent to the anteroom
side of the door between the isolation room and the ante-
room.

1227.12.3.1 Alternates, Alternate designs for modifica-
tions to isolation rooms in operation prior to the effective
date of this section may be utilized when it can be demon-
strated that the alternate design meets performance
requirements, without compromising any health or
life-safety requirement.

1227.12.3.2 Anteroom doors. Airborne infection isola-
tion room(s) shall have self-closing and latching devices
on all anteroom doors.

1227.12.3.3 Anteroom. A separate anteroom shall be
provided between the airborne infection isolation room
and the corridor, which shall constitute the primary
entrance to the negative pressure isolation room. This
anteroom shall have a handwashing fixture, work coun-
ter at least 3 feet (914 mm) long, cabinets and space to
gown and to store clean and soiled materials. There shall
be a view window from the anteroom to the isolation
room and means to allow for airflow from the anteroom
into the negative pressure isolation room. Doors shall be
aligned to allow large equipment to be wheeled into the
airborne infection isolation room unless a secondary
door complying with Section 1227.12.3.4 is provided.
One anteroom may serve no more than two airborne
infection isolation rooms.

1227.12.3.4 Secondary entry. When a secondary entry is
provided directly from the corridor to the negative-pres-
sure isolation room, secondary doors shall be provided
with locking devices which are readily openablefrom the
room side and which are readily openable by the facility
staff on the other side. When key locks are used on isola-
tion rooms, keys shall be located at the nurses ' station in
a prominent readily accessible location.

1227.12.3.5 Adjoining toilet facilities. Each isolation
room shall have its own toilet room facilities with an
emergency nurse call system, a lavatory, a shower pro-
viding a seat or a space for a shower chair and a toilet
equipped with a bedpan flushing attachment with a vac-
uum breaker

1227.12.3.6 Sealed-tight room. Airborne infection iso-
lation room perimeter walls, ceiling, floors, doors, and
penetrations shall be sealed tightly to minimize air infil-
tration from the outside or from other spaces.

1227.12.4 Protective environment rooms. Protective envi-
ronment rooms for the protection of certain
immunosuppressed patients may be provided by the facility.
Protective environment rooms shall be labeled "Protective
Environment Room "oner adjacent to the anteroom side of
the door between the isolation room and the anteroom.

1227.12.4.1 Anteroom doors. Airborne infection isola-
tion room(s) shall have self-closing and latching devices
on all anteroom doors.

1227.12.4.2 Anteroom. A separate anteroom shall be
provided between the protective environment room and
the corridor or adjoining space which shall constitute
the only entrance to the protective environment isolation
room. This anteroom shall have a handwashing fixture,
work counter at least 3 feet (914 mm) long, cabinets and
space to gown and to store clean and soiled materials.
There shall be a view window from the anteroom to the
positive-pressure isolation room. There shall be means
to allow for airflow from the protective environment
room into the anteroom. Anteroom doors shall be aligned

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so that large equipment can be wheeled into the isolation
room. One anteroom may serve no more than one protec-
tive environment room.

1227.12.4.3 Toilet room(s). Adjoining toilet room facili-
ties shall meet the requirements of Section 1227.12.3.5.

1227.12.4.4 Sealed-tight room. Protective environment
room perimeter walls, ceiling, floors, doors, and pene-
trations shall be sealed tightly to minimize air infiltration
from the outside or from other spaces.

1227.12.5 Identification. Each patient room shall be
labeled with an identification number, letter or combination
of the two.

1227.12.6 Observation rooms.

1227.12.6.1 Observation rooms. Provide for dis-
turbed/special patients at a ratio of one room for each 30
beds or major fraction thereof. At least one observation
room shall be provided in each nursing service unit.

1227.12.6.2 Viewing windows. Observation rooms shall
be provided with viewing windows to allow full and
unobstructed visual observation of the patient. They
shall be located near the nurses' station and toilet room
facilities.

1227.12.6.3 Appendages and equipment. Rooms shall
be free of appendages and equipment which could facili-
tate suicide or self-mutilation.

1227.12.7 Nurses' station. A nurses' station shall be pro-
vided within each nursing unit.

1227.12.7.1 Components. Nurses' stations shall be pro-
vided with a cabinet, a desk, space for records, a bulletin
board, a telephone, and a specifically designated and
lockable and illuminated medicine storage compart-
ment, and a handwashing fixture. If a separate medicine
room is provided, it shall have a lockable door and a
medicine sink. This sink cannot replace the required
nurses ' station handwashing fixture.

1227.12.7.2 Size. Nurses' stations serving 25 or less beds
shall have a minimum floor area of 100 square feet (9.29
mm). Nurses' stations servicing more than 25 beds shall
have a minimum floor area of 125 square feet (11.6 m^).
The minimum dimension of any nurses' station shall not
be less than 8 feet (2438 mm).

1227.12.7.3 Distance. The distance between the nurses'
station entrance and the center of the doorway of the
most remote patient bedroom shall not exceed 90 linear
feet (27432 mm).

Exception: This section does not preclude designs
based on primary nursing concepts incorporating
more than one single nursing station of less than 100

square feet (9,29 m^) each and an additional work
space or station for unit clerk/receptionist junctions.

1227.12.7.4 Correctional officer. A separate space for
the correctional officer may adjoin the nurses 'station but
shall not be included in the minimum square fo'otage
requirement for a nurses ' station.

1227.12.8 Utility rooms. Utility rooms shall be provided in
each nursing unit. Clean utility rooms shall contain a work
counter, hand warming fixture and storage facilities unless
the room is used only for storage and holding as part of a
system for distribution of clean and sterile supplies, in
which case the work counter and handwashing fixture may
be omitted. Soiled utility rooms shall contain a
handwashing fixture, work counter, waste receptacles and
linen hampers unless the room is used only for the tempo-
rary holding of soiled materials, in which case the
handwashing fixture and work counter may be omitted.

1227.12.8.1 Size. Utility rooms shall be designed for the
separation of clean and soiled areas and provide not less
than 100 square feet (9.29 rri?). Alternatively, separate
clean and soiled utility rooms of not less than 50 square
feet (4.65 m^) each may be provided. Additional square
footage accommodating Section 1227.18 shall be pro-
vided if utility rooms also include linen and supply stor-
age space.

1227.12.8.2 Aisle widths. Minimum aisle widths in util-
ity rooms shall be 4 feet (1219 mm).

1227.12.9 Treatment and exam room. If a treatment room
or an exam room is provided, it shall have a minimum area
of 80 square feet (7.43 m^), the least dimension of which
shall be 8 feet (2438 mm).

1227.12.10 Toilet and bath facilities. Separate toilet room
facilities shall be provided for the use of patients and per-
sonnel.

1227.12,10.1 Bathroom facilities. Provide for patients
in the nursing unit in at least the following ratios:

Bathtubs or showers 1:12 patients

(Minimum one bathtub on each floor providing
skilled nursing or intermediate care services)

Lavatories 1 :8 patients

(Fixtures shall be equipped without aerators and may
have conventional controls. Gooseneck spouts shall
not be used)

Toilets 1:6 patients

Fixtures serving individual patient rooms shall not be
considered as meeting the required ratios for bedrooms
not served by individual adjoining toilet rooms or bath-
rooms.

Changes in these ratios for wards or units in which bed
patients only are to be cared for may be permitted by the
enforcing agency.

1227.12.11 Patient/nurse call system. A patient/nurse call
system accommodating Section 517-123, California Elec-
trical Code, shall be provided.

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1227.13 PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICE SPACE.

1227.13.1 Licensed pharmacy. A licensed pharmacy shall
be provided and shall comply with the provisions of Section
1250.

1227.13.1.1 Entrance and waiting. If the pharmacy dis-
penses directly to inmates from the correctional institu-
tion, an entrance and a waiting area separate from the
inpatient areas shall be provided.

1227.14 DIETETIC SERVICE SPACE.

1227.14.1 Dietetic service space. The dietetic service space
shall accommodate the provisions of Section 1225.5.

Exceptions:

1. The dietetic service in the correctional institution
is found acceptable to the licensing agency.

2. Contractual arrangement for dietetic services with
another health facility acceptable to the licensing
agency.

1227.15 OFFICES. Office spaces shall be provided for the
provisions of nursing, physician, psychiatric and psychologi-
cal services.

1227.15.1 Consultation/interviews. Consultation/inter-
view rooms shall be provided.

1227.15.2 Conference/group activities. Separate rooms or
spaces shall be provided for conferences and group activi-
ties.

Exception: If conference room: or space is available to
the correctional treatment facility staff in the correc-
tional institution, this room or space need not be dupli-
cated.

1227.16 ADMINISTRATION SPACE.

1227.16.1 Administration. An administration area shall be
provided which shall provide for the following functions:

1. Waiting area.

2. Offices for the administrator and clerical personnel.

1227.16.2 Records. Spaces shall be provided which accom-
modate the following functions:

1. Work area for sorting and recording records, for ei-
ther paper or electronic media.

2. Secure storage area for medical records, for either
paper or electronic media.

1227.17 CENTRAL STERILE SUPPLY.

1227.17.1 Minimum requirements. A central supply and
sterilizing area shall be provided. Rooms and spaces shall
accommodate the following services and equipment:

1. Soiledwork area. A receiving and gross cleaning area
which shall contain workspace and equipment for
cleaning medical and surgical equipment and for dis-
posal of or processing of soiled material.

2. Clean work area. A clean work area which shall con-
tain work space, and equipment for sterilizing medi-
cal and surgical equipment and supplies.

3. Sterilizing space.

Exception: Items 1 -3 do not apply to facilities with
contractual arrangements for outside autoclaving
and sterilizing services.

4. Storage. Space for sterile supplies and unsterile sup-
plies.

1227.17.2 Sterilizers and autoclaves. All sterilizers and
autoclaves which emit steam exhaust shall be vented to the
outside of the building. Such vents shall be independent
from the plumbing vent system.

Exception: Small instrument sterilizers.

1227.18 STORAGE.

1227.18.1 General storage. Hospitals shall provide com-
bined general and specialized storage space in accordance
with the following:

120 square feet (11.15 m^)
minimum

1-10 beds

11-100 beds

over 100 beds

12 square feet (1.11 m^)
per bed

1 ,200 square feet
(111.48 m^) plus 5
square feet (0.46 m^)per bed
for each bed over 100

1227.18.2 Specialized storage. Specialized storage spaces
shall include the following:

1. Linen. Separate and enclosed facilities for clean and
soiled linen in each nursing unit. The clean linen stor-
age space shall have a minimum area of 10 square
feet (0.93 m^) and may be within the clean utility
room. The soiled linen collection space shall have an
area of no less than 10 square feet (0.93 m^), and may
be within the soiled utility room.

2. Supply. One supply storage space having a minimum
area of 15 square feet (1.39 m^) shall be provided in
each nursing unit. Supply storage may be within the
clean utility room used only as part of a system for dis-
tributing clean and sterile supplies.

3. Wheelchairs. A room or space shall be provided in
each nursing unit for wheelchairs and stretchers. The
wheelchair and stretcher space shall have a minimum
area of 15 square feet (1.39 m^).

4. Storage. Sterile and unsterile supplies shall be stored
separately.

1227.19 EMPLOYEE DRESSING ROOMS AND LOCK-
ERS.

1227.19.1 Minimum facilities. Correctional Treatment
Centers shall provide the following:

1. Dressing rooms. Separate dressing rooms for male
and female personnel with lockers, lavatory and toi-
let(s).

Exception: If provided for the Correctional Treat-
ment Center staff in adjacent correctional institu-

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tions, dressing rooms and lockers need not be
duplicated.

1227.20 HOUSEKEEPING ROOM.

1227.20.1 A securely lockable housekeeping room with ser-
vice sink and supply storage spaces shall be provided in
each nursing unit.

OPTIONAL SERVICES

1227.21 SERVICE SPACES. Service spaces, such as labora-
tory, radiology and any other services approved by the licens-
ing agency, shall comply with the applicable space
requirements of Sections 1224 and 1225. Service spaces shall
also comply with applicable provisions of the California Build-
ing Standards Administrative Code (Part 1).

1227.22 OUTPATIENT SERVICES. The following shall be
provided or made available to a outpatient service space.

1227.22.1 Waiting. Waiting area(s) shall be provided with
access to toilet room facilities and a drinking fountain both
meeting the requirements of Sections 1231.3.1, 1231.3.2
and 1231.3.3.

1227.22.1.1 Holding cell. If a temporary holding cell or
room is used for this purpose, it shall comply with Sec-
tion 1231.2.2.

Exception: The minimum floor area shall be 80
square feet (7.43 m^).

1227.23 24-HOUR MENTAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES.

1227.23.1 Program/dining space. Provide within the Cor-
rectional Treatment Center for use by mental health treat-
ment program patients, as is consistent with security
requirements. Program/dining space shall be provided with
a minimum floor area of 30 square feet (2. 79 m^) per patient
served at a given time.

1227.23.2 Mental health treatment. Correctional Treat-
ment Centers providing a mental health treatment program
shall include one safety room for every 30 mental health
treatment program beds or fraction thereof, and one obser-
vation roomproviding direct observation of every portion of
the room for every 15 mental health beds or fraction thereof.
At least one safety room and one observation room shall be
provided.

1227.23.3 Safety rooms. Safety rooms shall be constructed
so as to provide video camera observation capability. Safety
rooms shall comply with the design criteria requirements of
Section 1231.2.5 for a safety cell.

SECTION 1228
Reserved

SECTION 1229
Reserved

SECTION 1230 [CS A]
MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR JUVENILE FACILITIES

1230.1 Design criteria for required spaces.

1230.1.1 Reception/intake admission. In each juvenile
hall, space used for the reception of minors pending admis-
sion to juvenile hall shall have the following space and
equipment:

1. Weapons lockers as specified in Section 1230.2.9;

2. A secure room for the confinement of minors pending
admission to juvenile hall as specified in Section
1230.1.2;

3. Access to a shower;

4. A secure vault or storage space for minors, valuables;

5. Telephones accessible to minors; and

6. Access to hot and cold running water for staff use.

1230.1.2 Locked holding room. A locked holding room
shall:

1. Contain a minimum of 15 square feet (1.4 nf) of floor
area per minor;

2. Provide no less than 45 square feet (4.2 m^) of floor
space and have a clear ceiling height of 8 feet (2438
mm) or more;

3. Contain seating to accommodate all minors as speci-
fied in Section 1230.2.8;

4. Have access to a toilet, wash basin and drinking foun-
tain as specified in Section 1230.2; and

5. Maximize visual supervision of minors by staff.

1230.1.3 Natural light. Visual access to natural light shall
be provided in locked sleeping rooms, single occupancy
sleeping rooms, double occupancy sleeping rooms, dormi-
tories and day rooms. Natural light may be provided by, but
is not limited to, skylights or windows in dayrooms, win-
dows in adjacent exterior exercise areas, and in sleeping
rooms and/or dormitories.

1230.1.4 Corridors. Corridors in living units shall be at
least 8 feet (2438 mm) wide.

Exception: Where room doors are staggered, or if rooms
are located on only one side, hallways shall be at least 6
feet (1829 mm) wide.

1230.1.5 Living unit. A living unit in a juvenile hall shall be
a self-contained unit containing locked sleeping rooms, sin-
gle and double occupancy sleeping rooms, or dormitories,
dayroom space, toilet, wash basins, drinking fountains and
showers commensurate to the number of minors housed not
to exceed 30 minors. A living unit shall not be divided by any
permanent or temporary barrier that hinders direct access,
supervision or immediate intervention or other action if
needed.

1230.1.6 Locked sleeping rooms. Locked sleeping rooms
shall be equipped with an individual or combination toilet,
wash basin and drinking fountain unless a procedure is in
effect to give the minor access to a toilet, wash basin and
drinking fountain.

1230.1.7 Single occupancy sleeping rooms. Single occu-
pancy sleeping rooms shall provide the following:

1. A minimum of 63 square feet (5.9 nf) of floor area;

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2. A minimum clear ceiling height of 8 feet (2438 mm);
and,

3. The door into this room shall be provided with a view
panel, a maximum of 144 square inches (92,903
mm^), constructed of security glazing.

1230.1.8 Double occupancy sleeping rooms. Double
occupancy sleeping rooms shall provide the following. ■

1. A minimum of 1 00 square feet (9.3 m^} of floor area;

2. A minimum clear ceiling height of 8 feet (2438 mm)
and a minimum width of 7 feet (2134 mm); and,

3. The door into this room shall be provided with a
panel, a maximum of 144 square inches (92,903
mm^), constructed of security glazing.

1230.1.9 Dormitories. Dormitories shall provide the fol-
lowing:

1. A minimum of 50 square feet (4. 6 m^) of floor area per
minor with the minimum size of a dormitory being 200
square feet (18.6 m^) of floor area and a minimum
8-foot (2438 mm) clear ceiling height;

2. Designed for no fewer than four minors;

3. Dormitories for detained minors in juvenile halls
shall be designed for no more than 30 minors;

4. Camps shall conform to Items 1 and 2.

1230.1.10 Dayrooms. Dayrooms in a juvenile hall shall
contain 35 square feet (3.3 m^) of floor area per minor.
Dayrooms in camps and specialpurpose juvenile halls shall
contain 30 square feet (2.8 m^) of floor area per minor.
Access must be provided to toilets, wash basins, drinking
fountains and showers as specified in Section 1230.2.

1230.1.11 Physical activity and recreation areas. Indoor/
outdoor physical activity and recreation areas shall be
designed as follows. •

Facility Capacity Minimum indoor/Outdoor Recreation Space

40 or less 9,000 square feet (836 w?)

225 square feet (21 m?) per minor up to
61,650 square feet (5727 m^)

61,650 square feet (5727 m^), plus 145
square feet (13.47 m^) for each minor
beyond 274 [up to a maximum of 87,120
square feet (8093 m^)]

1.1. At least one quarter of the dedicated indoor/out-
door space shall be a paved or like surface.

1.2. The required recreation area shall contain no
single dimension less than 40 feet (12.2 m).

2. A portion of the dedicated space for physical activity
and recreation shall be out-of-doors and be of suffi-
cient size and equipped in such a manner to allow
compliance with Title 15, Section 1371, which re-
quires at least one hour per day of outdoor activity for
each detained minor.

3. Lighting of outdoor recreation areas shall be pro-
vided to allow for evening activities and to provide se-
curity.

41 to 274

275 or more

4. Access must be provided to a toilet, wash basin and
drinking fountain as specified in Section 1230.2.

1230.1.12 Academicclassrooms. There shall be dedicated
classroom space for every juvenile in every facility. The pri-
mary purpose for the academic classroom shall be for edu-
cation. Each academic classroom shall contain a minimum
of 160 square feet (14.9 m^) of floor space for the teachers'
desk and work area and a minimum of 28 square feet (2.6
m^) of floor space per minor. A communication system shall
be provided in each classroom to allow for immediate
response to emergencies. The classroom shall be designed
for a maximum of 20 minors.

1230.1.13 Safety room. A safety room shall:

1. Contain a minimum of 63 square feet (5.9 m^) of floor
area and a minimum clear ceiling height of 8 feet
(2438 mm);

2. Be limited to one minor;

3. Be padded as specified in Section 1230.2. 7;

4. Provide one or more vertical view panels constructed
of security glazing. These view panels shall be no
more than 4 inches (102 mm) wide nor less than 24
inches (610 mm) long, which shall provide a view of
the entire room;

5. Provide an audio monitoring system as specified in
Section 1230.1.22;

6. Provide access to a toilet, wash basin and drinking
fountain outside the room as specified in Section
1230.2; and

7. Be equipped with a variable intensity, security-type
lighting fixture with controls located outside the
room.

8. Any wall or ceiling-mounted devices must be de-
signed to prohibit access to the minor occupant

1230.1.14 Medical examination room. There must be a
minimum of one suitably equipped medical examination
room in every juvenile facility. Medical examination rooms
shall provide the following:

1. Space for carrying out routine medical examinations
and emergency care and used for no other purpose;

2. Privacy for minors;

3. Lockable storage space for medical supplies;

4. Not less than 144 square feet (13.4m^) of floor space
with no single dimension less than 7 feet (2134 mm);

5. Hot and cold running water; and

6. Smooth, nonporous, washable surfaces.

1230.1.15 Pharmaceutical storage. Provide lockable stor-
age space for medical supplies and pharmaceutical prepa-
rations as specified by Title 15, Section 1438.

1230.1.16 Dining areas. Dining areas in juvenile facilities
shall contain a minimum of 15 square feet (1.4 m^) of floor
space and sufficient tables and seating for each person
being fed. Persons being fed include minors, staff and visi-
tors. Dining areas shall not contain toilets or showers in the
same room without appropriate visual barrier.

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TABLE 1230A
REQUIRED SPACES AND EQUIPMENT IN JUVENILE FACILITIES

SECTION NUMBER

REGULATION

HALLS

CAMPS

SPJH

1230.1.1

Reception/intake admission

1230.1.2

Locked holding rooms

1230.1.3

Natural light

1230.1.4

Corridors

1230.1.5

Living units

1230.1.6

Locked sleeping rooms

1230.1.7

Single occupancy sleeping rooms

1230.1.8

Double occupancy sleeping
rooms

1230.1.9

Dormitories

1230.1.10

Day rooms

1230.1.11

Physical activity and recreation
areas

1230.1.12

Academic classrooms

1230.1.13

Safety rooms

1230.1.14

Medical examination rooms

1230.1.15

Pharmaceutical storage

1230.1.16

Dining areas

1230.1.17

Visiting space

1230.1.18

Institutional storage

1230.1.19

Personal storage

1230.1.20

Safety equipment storage

1230.1.21

Janitorial closet

1230.1.22

Audio monitoring system

1230.1.23

Emergency power

1230.1.24

Confidential interview rooms

1230.1.25

Special-purpose juvenile halls

1230.1.26

Court holding rooms for minors*

1230.2.1

Toilets/urinals

1230.2.2

Wash basins

1230.2.3

Drinking fountains

1230.2.4

Showers

1230.2.5

Beds

1230.2.6

Lighting

1230.2.7

Padding

1230.2.8

Seating

1230.2.9

Weapons lockers

Key: Halls = Juvenile halls.

Camps = Camps, ranches, forestry camps or boot camps.

SPJH = Special-purpose juvenile halls.

* = For minors in jail, minors in temporary custody in a law er^orcement facility andminors in court holding facilities, see Sections 1520, 1540 and 1560

of Title 15, respectively.
X = Regulation is applicable for all juvenile facilities.

X^ = Regulation is applicable for halls, camps and special-purpose juvenile halls dependent on opeiational characteristics of the facility.

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1230.1.17 Visiting space. Space shall be provided in all
juvenile facilities for visiting.

1230.1.18 Institutional storage. One or more storage
rooms shall be provided to accommodate a minimum of 80
cubic feet (2.3 m^) of storage space per minor. Items to be
stored shall be institutional clothing, bedding, supplies and
activity equipment.

1230.1.19 Personal storage. Each minor in a juvenile facil-
ity shall be provided with a minimum of 9 cubic feet (0.25
m^) of secure storage space for personal clothing and
belongings.

1230.1.20 Safety equipment storage. In all juvenile facili-
ties, a secure area shall be provided for the storage of safety
equipment, such as fire extinguishers, self-contained
breathing apparatus, wire and bar cutters, emergency
lights, etc.

1230.1.21 Janitorial closet. In all juvenile facilities, at least
one securely lockable janitorial closet, containing a mop
sink and sufficient area for the storage of cleaning imple-
ments, must be provided within the security area of the facil-
ity.

1230.1.22 Audio monitoring system. In safety rooms,
locked holding rooms, locked sleeping rooms, single and
double occupancy rooms and dormitories of juvenile halls
and in locked sleeping rooms and single occupancy rooms
of secure camps, there must be an audio monitoring system
capable of actuation by the minor that alerts personnel.

1230.1.23 Emergency power. There shall be a source of
emergency power in all juvenile facilities capable of provid-
ing minimal lighting in all living units, activities areas, cor-
ridors, stairs, and central control points, and to maintain
fire and life safety, security, communications and alarm sys-
tems. Such an emergency power source shall conform to the
requirements specified in Title, 24, Part 3, Article 700, Cali-
fornia Electrical Code, California Code of Regulations.

1230.1.24 Confidential interview room. Confidential inter-
view rooms shall contain a minimum of 60 square feet (5.6
m^) of floor area. In juvenile halls there shall be a minimum
of one suitably furnished interview room for each 30 minors.
In camps there shall be a minimum of one suitably furnished
interview room for each facility. This interview room shall
provide for confidential consultations with minors.

1230.1.25 Special-purpose juvenile halls. Special-purpose
juvenile halls shall conform to all minimum standards for
juvenile facilities contained in this section with the follow-
ing exceptions:

1. Physical activity and recreation areas as specified in
Section 1230.1.11;

2. Academic classrooms as specified in Section
1230.1.12;

3. Medical examination room as specified in Section
1230.1.14; and,

4. Dining areas as specified in Section 1230.1.16.

1230.1.26 Court holding room for minors. A court holding
room shall:

1. Contain a minimum of 10 square feet (0.93 m^) of
fioor area per minor;

2. Be limited to ho more than 16 minors;

3. Provide no less than 40 square feet (3.7 m^) of floor
area and have clear ceiling height of 8 feet (2438 mm)
or more;

4. Contain seating to accommodate all minors as speci-
fied in Section 1230.2.8;

5. Contain a toilet, wash basin and drinking fountain as
specified in Section 1230.2; and,

6. Maximize visual supervision of minors by staff.
1230.2 Design criteria for furnishings and equipment.

1230.2.1 Toilet/urinals. In living units, toilets must be
available in a ratio to minors as follows:

1. Juvenile halls 1:6;

2. Camps 1:10; and

3. Locked holding rooms 1:8:

One toilet and one urinal may be substituted for every
15 males.

Note: Toilet areas shall provide privacy for the minor
without mitigating staff's ability to supervise.

1230.2.2 Wash basins. In living units, wash basins must be
available in a ratio to minors as follows:

1. Juvenile halls 1:6;

2. Camps 1:10; and

3. Locked holding rooms 1:8:

Wash basins must be provided with hot and cold or
tempered water.

1230.2.3 Drinking fountains. In living areas and indoor
and outdoor recreation areas, drinking fountains must be
accessible to minors and to staff.

1. The drinking fountain bubbler shall be on an angle
which prevents waste water from flowing over the
drinking bubbler; and,

2. The water flow shall be actuated by a mechanical
means.

1230.2.4 Showers. In living units, showers shall he avail-
able to all minors on a ratio of at least one shower or bath-
tub to every six minors. Showers shall be provided with
tempered water.

Note: Shower areas shall provide privacy for the minor
without mitigating staffs ability to supervise.

1230.2.5 Beds. Beds shall be at least 30 inches (762 mm)
wide and 76 inches (1930 mm) long and be of the pan bot-
tom type or constructed of concrete. Beds shall be at least 12
inches (305 mm) off the floor and spaced no less than 36
inches (914 mm) apart.

1230.2.6 Lighting. Lighting in locked sleeping rooms, sin-
gle occupancy rooms, double occupancy rooms, dormito-
ries, day rooms and activity areas shall provide not less than

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20 footcandles (216 lux) of illumination at desk level. Night
lighting is required in these areas to provide good visibility
for supervision and be conducive to sleep.

1230.2.7 Padding. In safety rooms, padding shall cover the
entire floor, door, walls and everything on the walls to a
clear height of 8 feet (2438 mm). Benches or platforms are
not to be placed on the floor of this room.

All padded rooms must be equipped with a tamper-resis-
tant fire sprinkler as approved by the State Fire Marshal. All
padding must be:

1. Approved for use by the State Fire Marshal;

2. Nonporous to facilitate cleaning;

3. At least V2 inch (12.7 mm) thick;

4. Of a unitary or laminated construction to prevent its
destruction by teeth, hand tearing or small metal ob-
jects;

5. Firmly bonded to all padded surfaces to prevent tear-
ing or ripping; and,

6. Without any exposed seams susceptible to tearing or
ripping.

1230.2.8 Seating. Seating shall be designed to the level of
secu rity. When bench seating is used, 18 inches (457 mm) of
bench is seating for one person.

1230.2.9 Weapons lockers. Weapons lockers are required in
all secure juvenile facilities and shall be located outside the
security perimeter of the facility. Personnel shall not bring
any weapon into the security area. Weapons lockers shall be
equipped with individual compartments, each with an indi-
vidual locking device.

1230.2.10 Security glazing. Security glazing shall comply
with the minimum requirements of one of the following test
standards: American Society for Testing and Materials,
ASTM F 1233-98, Class III glass, or; California Depart-
ment of Corrections, CDC860-94d, Class C glass or; H.P.
White Laboratory, Inc., HPW-TP-0500.02, Forced Entry
Level in.

SECTION 1231 [CSA]
LOCAL DETENTION

1231.1 Definitions.

CORRECTIONS STANDARDS AUTHORITY means the
State Corrections Standards Authority, which acts by and
through its executive officer, deputy directors and field repre-
sentatives.

LIVING AREAS means those areas of a facility utilized for the
day-to-day housing and activities of inmates. These areas do
not include special-use cells such as sobering, safety and hold-
ing or staging cells normally located in receiving areas.

LOCAL DETENTION FACILITY is any city, county, city and
county, or regional jail, camp, court holding facility or other
correctional facility, whether publicly or privately operated,
and court holding facility used for the confinement of adults or
of both adults and minors, but does not include that portion of a
facility for the confinement of both adults and minors which is

devoted only to the confinement of minors. The types of local
detention facilities are as follows:

Court holding facility means a local detention facility con-
structed within a court building after January 1, 1978, used
for the confinement of persons solely for the purpose of a
court appearance for a period not to exceed 12 hours.

Temporary holding facility means a local detention facility
constructed after January 1, 1978, used for the confinement
of persons for 24 hours or less pending release, transfer to
another facility or appearance in court.

Type I facility means a local detention facility used for the
detention of persons usually pending arraignment for not
more than 96 hours, excluding holidays, after booking. Such
a Type I facility may also detain persons on court order
either for their own safe-keeping or sentenced to a city jail
as an inmate worker, and may house inmate workers sen-
tenced to the county jail provided such placement in the
facility is made on a voluntary basis on the part of the
inmate. As used in this section, an inmate worker is defined
as a person assigned to perform designated tasks outside of
his or her cell or dormitory, pursuant to the written policy of
the facility, for a minimum of four hours each day on a
five-day scheduled work week.

TYPE II FACILITY means a local detention facility used for
the detention of persons pending arraignment, after arraign-
ment, during trial and upon a sentence of commitment.

TYPE III FACILITY means a local detentionfacility used only
for the detention of convicted and sentenced persons.

TYPE IV FACILITY means a local detentionfacility or por-
tion thereof designated for the housing of inmates eligible,
under Penal Code Section 1208, for work/education furlough
and/or other programs involving inmate access into the com-
munity.

RATED CAPACITY means the number of inmate occupants
for which a facility's single-and double-occupancy cells or
dormitories, except those dedicatedfor medical or disciplinary
isolation housing, were planned and designed in conformity to
the standards and requirements contained herein and in Title
15, C.C.R.

1231.2 Design criteria for required spaces.

1231.2.1 Reception and booking. Facilities where booking
and housing occur shall have the following space and
equipment:

1. Weapons locker as specified in Section 1231.3.12.

2. A cell or room for the confinement of inmates pending
their booking, complying with Section 1231.2.2.

3. A sobering cell as described in Section 1231.2.4 if
intoxicated, inmates who may pose a danger to them-
selves or others are held. For those facilities that ac-
cept male and female intoxicated inmates two
sobering cells shall be provided.

4. Access to a shower within the secure portion of the fa-
cility.

5. Provide access to a secure vault or storage space for
inmate valuables.

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6. A safety cell or cells as described in Section 1231.2.5
if the program statement identifies the need for such a
cell.

7. Telephones which are accessible to the inmates.

8. Unobstructed access to hot and cold running water
for staff use.

1231.2.2 Temporary holding cell or room. A temporary
holding cell or room shall:

1. Contain a minimum of 10 square feet (0.93 m^) of
floor area per inmate;

2. Be limited to no more than 16 inmates;

3. Be no smaller than 40 square feet (3. 7 m^) and have a
clear ceiling height of 8 feet (2438 mm) or more;

4. Contain seating to accommodate all inmates as re-
quired in Section 1231.3;

5. Contain a toilet, wash basin and drinking fountain as
specified in Section 1231.3;

6. Maximize visual supervision of inmates by staff; and

7. When located in a temporary holding facility, the cell
or room shall be equipped with a bunk if inmates are
to be held longer than 12 hours.

TABLE 1231A
REQUIRED SPACES AND EQUIPMENT IN LOCAL DETENTION FACILITIES

TYPEI

TYPE II

TYPE III

TYPE IV

COURT HOLDING

TEMP. HOLDING

Reception/booking

Temporary holding cells or room

Detoxification cell

Safety cell

Single-occupancy cell

Dormitories

Day room

Exercise area

Shower area/delousing room

Program/multipurpose space

Medical exam room^

Pharmaceutical storage space

Medical care housing

Hair care space

Commissar^

Dining facility^

♦

Visiting space

Attorney interview rooms

Confidential interview rooms

Safety equipment storage

Janitor closet

Storage rooms

Audio/video-monitoring systems

Laundry facility

x-'

Fire-detection alarm system

Emergency

X - Required.

* - Required when program statement identifies need.

1 Not required if community recreation facilities are available.

2 Not required if the inmate population is less than 25.

3 Not required if community access is. available.

4 Not required ifmeals are served in day room.

5 Must be securely lockable and located within the security area.

6 Required in areas housing prisoners of higher than minimum security.

7 Not required if community access is permitted.

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1231.2.3 Temporary staging cell or room. A temporary
staging cell or room shall:

1. Be constructed for the purpose of holding inmates
who have been classified and segregated in accor-
dance with Sections 1050 and 1053 of Title 15, Divi-
sion 1, California Code of Regulations.

2. Be limited to holding inmates up to four hours.

3. Be limited to no more than 80 inmates.

4. Contain a minimum of 10 square feet (0.93 m^) of
floor area per inmate and a clear ceiling height of 8
feet (2438 mm) or more.

5. Be no smaller than 160 square feet (14.9 m^).

6. Contain seating to accommodate all inmates as re-
quired in Section 1231.3.

7. Contain toilet, wash basin and drinking fountain as
specified in Section 1231.3.

8. Maximize visual supervision of inmates by staff.

1231.2.4 Sobering cell. A sobering cell shall:

1. Contain a minimum of 20 square feet (1.9 m^) of floor
area per inmate;

2. Be limited to eight inmates;

3. Be no smaller than 60 square feet (5.6 m^) and have a
clear ceiling height of 8 feet (2438 mm) or more;

4. Contain a toilet, wash basin and drinking fountain as
specified in Section 1231.3;

5. Have padded partitions locatednextto toiletfixture in
such a manner that they provide support to the user;

6. Maximize visual supervision of inmates by staff;

7. Be padded on the floor as specified in Section 1231.3;
and,

8. Have accessible a shower in the secure portion of the
facility. ■

1231.2.5 Safety cell. A safety cell shall:

1. Contain a minimum of 48 square feet (4.5 m^) of floor
area with no one floor dimension being less than 6
feet (1829 mm) and a clear ceiling height of 8 feet
(2438 mm) or more;

2. Be limited to one inmate;

3. Contain a flushing ring toilet, capable of accepting
solid waste, mounted flush with the floor, the controls
for which must be located outside of the cell;

4. Be padded as specifled in Section 1231.3;

5. Be equipped with a variable intensity, security-type
lighting fixture which is inaccessible to the inmate oc-
cupant, control of which is located outside of the cell;
and

6. Provide one or more vertical view panels not more
than 4 inches (102 mm) wide nor less than 24 inches
(610 mm) long which shall provide a view of the entire
room; and

7. Provide a food pass with lockable shutter, no more
than 4 inches (102 mm) high, and located between 26

inches (660 mm) and 32 inches (813 mm) as measured
from the bottom of the food pass to the floor;

Any wall or ceiling mounted devices must be inacces-
sible to the inmate occupant.

2:6 Single-occupancy cells. Single-occupancy cells

Have a maximum capacity of one inmate;

Contain a minimum of 60 square feet (5.6 m^) of floor
area in Type I facilities and 70 square feet (6.5 m^) of
floor area in Type II and Type 111 facilities;

Have a minimum clear ceiling height of 8 feet (2438
mm) and a minimum width of 6 feet (1829 mm);

Contain a toilet, wash basin and drinking fountain as
specified in Section 1231.3; and

Contain a bunk, desk and seat as specified in Section
1231.3.

Exception: A Type 1 facility does not require a desk
and seat.

1231.2,7 Double-occupancy cells. Double-occupancy cells
shall:

1231.

shall

1.
2.

1. Have a maximum capacity of two inmates;

2. Contain a minimum of 60 square feet (5. 6 m^) of floor
area in Type 1 facilities and 70 square feet (6.5 nf) of
floor area in Type II and Type HI facilities;

3. Have a minimum clear ceiling height of 8 feet (2438
mm) and a minimum width of 6 feet (1829 mm);

4. Contain a toilet, wash basin and drinking fountain as
specified in Section 1231.3; and

5. Contain two bunks, and at least one desk and seat as
specified in Section 1231.3.

Exception: A Type I facility does not require a desk
and seat.

1231.2.8 Dormitories. Dormitories shall:

1. Contain a minimum of 50 square feet (4. 7 m^) of floor
area per inmate for a single-bed unit; a minimum of
70 square feet (7 m^) for a double-bed unit; and a min-
imum of 90 square feet (9. 3 m^)for triple-bed unit and
have a minimum ceiling height of 8 feet (2438 mm);

2. Be designed for no more than 64 inmates and no less
than four inmates;

3. Provide access to water closets separate from the
wash basin and drinking fountains as specified in
Section 1231.3; and

4. In other than Type I facilities, provide secure storage
of personal items and clothing for each occupant

1231.2.9 Dayrooms. Dayrooms or dayroom space shall:

1. Contain 35 square feet (3.3 m^) of floor area per in-
mate exclusive of circulation corridors of 3 feet (914
mm) in width in front of cells/rooms;

2. Contain tables and seating to accommodate the maxi-
mum number of inmates;

3. Provide access to water closets, wash basins and
drinking fountains as specifled in Section 1231.3;

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4. Provide access to a shower or showers as specified in
Section 1231.3; and

5. Be provided to all inmates in Type 11 and Type 111 facil-
ities (except those housed in special-use cells) and to
inmate workers in Type 1 facilities.

Dayroom space as described in this section may be apart
of a single occupancy cell used for administrative segrega-
tion or a dormitory, in which case the floor area of the cell or
a dormitory must be increased by the square footage
required for the dayroom.

1231.2.10 Exercise area. An outdoor exercise area or areas
must be provided in every Type 11 and Type 111 facility. The
mini mum clear height must be 15 feet (4572 mm) and the
minimum number of square feet of surface area will be com-
puted by multiplying 80 percent of maximum rated popula-
tion by 50 square feet (4. 7 m^) and dividing the result by the
number of one-hour exercise periods per day.

The exercise area must contain or provide free access to a
toilet, wash basin, and drinking fountain as provided in Sec-
tion 1231.3.

There must be at least one exercise area of not less than
600 square feet (55.7 m^). The design shall facilitate secu-
rity and supervision appropriate to the level of custody.

Type IV facilities shall have an outdoor recreation area
or access to community recreation facilities.

1231.2.11 Correctional program/multipurpose space. An

area for correctional programming must be provided in
every Type 11 and Type 111 facility. The program area and
furnishings shall be designed to meet the needs specified by
the facility's program statement.

Type IV facilities shall have multipurpose space for
games and activities, dining, visiting, TV meetings, and
quiet space for study and reading, such that activities do not
conflict with each other.

1231.2.12 Medical examination room. There must be a
minimum of one suitably equipped medical examination
room in every facility which provides on-site health care.
The examination room shall be designed in consultation
with the responsible physician/health authority. Such a
medical examination room shall:

1. Be located within the security area and provide for
privacy of the inmates;

2. Provide not less than 100 square feet (9.3 m^) of floor
space with no single dimension less than 7 feet (2134
mm);

3. Provide hot and cold running water;

4. Provide lockable storage for medical supplies; and

5. Any room where medical procedures are provided
must be equipped with hot and cold running water.

1231.2.13 Pharmaceutical storage space. Provide lockable
storage space for medical supplies and pharmaceutical
preparations as referenced by Title 15, California Code of
Regulations, Section 1216.

1231.2.14 Medical care housing. There shall be some
means to provide medical care and housing of ill and/or

infirm inmates. When the program statement for a Type 11 or
Type 111 facility indicates that medical care housing is
needed, such housing must provide lockable storage space
for medical instruments and must be located within the
security area of the facility accessible to both female and
male inmates, but not in the living area of either The medi-
cal care housing unit shall be designed in consultation with
the health authority. Medical/mental health areas may con-
tain other than single occupancy cells.

If negative pressure isolation rooms are being planned,
they shall be designed to recognized industry standards.

1231.2.15 Reserved.

1231.2.16 Commissary. In all Type 11, III and TV facilities,
except where community access is available, there shall be
provisions made for inmates to purchase items (such as
candy, toilet articles, stationery supplies, books, newspa-
pers and magazines, etc.). An area shall be provided for the
secure storage of the stock for such inmate canteen items.

1231.2.17 Dining facilities. In all Type 11, 111 and TV facili-
ties which serve meals, dining areas shall be providedwhich
will allow groups of inmates to dine together Such dining
areas shall not contain toilets, wash basins or showers in
the same room without appropriate visual barrier Wher-
ever the facility contains a central dining room or rooms, it
shall contain a minimum of 15 square feet (1.4 rr?) of floor •
space and sufficient tables and seating for each inmate
being fed.

1231.2.18 Visiting space. Space shall be provided in all
Types 1, II, III and IV facilities for visiting.

1231.2.19 Safety equipment storage. A secure area shall be
provided for the storage of safety equipment such as fire
extinguishers, self-contained breathing apparatus, wire and
barcutters, emergency lights, etc.

1231.2.20 Janitors' closet. In Type 11 facilities, at least one
securely lockable janitors ' closet with sufficient area for the
storage of cleaning implements and supplies must be pro-
vided within the security areas of the facility. A mop sink
shall also be available within the security area of the facil-
ity. In court holding, temporary holding. Types 1, III and IV
facilities, the closet need not be in the security area.

1231.2.21 Storage rooms. One or more storage rooms shall
be provided to accommodate a minimum of 80 cubic feet
(2.3 m^) of storage area per inmate for inmate clothing and
personal property, institutional clothing, bedding and sup-
plies. Court holding, temporary holding andType I facilities
may be excluded from the storage space requirement for
personal and institutional clothing unless clothing is issued.

1231.2.22 Audio monitoring system. In court holding, tem-
porary holding, Type I and Type II facilities, and in Type III
facilities housing inmates classified higher than minimum
security, there must be an inmate or sound-actuated audio
monitoring system which is capable of alerting personnel
stationed in a central control point.

1231.2.23 Laundry facilities. In Type IV facilities, provi-
sion shall be made for washing and drying personal cloth-

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ing by machines, either in the facility or in the community, if
access is permitted for same.

1231.2.24 Emergency power. There shall be a source of
emergency power in all detention facilities capable of pro-
viding minimal lighting in all housing units, activities areas,
corridors, stairs and central control points, and to maintain
fire and life safety, security, communications and alarm sys-
tems. Such an emergency power source shall conform to the
requirements specified in Title 24, Part 3, Article 700, Cali-
fornia Electrical Code, California Code of Regulations.

1231.2.25 Confidential interview rooms. There must be a
minimum of one suitably furnished interview room for confi-
dential interviews in every facility which provides on-site
health care. The interview room shall be designed in consul-
tation with responsible custodial staff and health care stajf.
Such an interview room shall:

1. Be located within the security area accessible to both
female and male inmates; and

2. Provide not less than 70 square feet (6.5 m^) of floor
space with no single dimension less than 6 feet (1829
mm).

1231.2.26 Attorney interview space. All facilities except
Type IV facilities shall include attorney interview areas
which provide for confidential consultation with inmates.

Exception: The design of court holding and temporary
holding facilities shall include the following required
spaces from Sections 1231.2.2, 1231.2.19, 1231.2.20,
1231.2.21, 1231.2.22, 1231.2.24 and 1231.2.26.

1231.3 Design criteria for furnishings and equipment. Fur-
nishings and equipment shall be as follows:

1231.3.1 Toilets/urinals.

1. Toilets/urinals must be provided in single-occupancy
cells and double-occupancy cells.

2. In dormitories, toilets/urinals must be provided in a
ratio to inmates of 1:10.

3. Toilets/urinals must be accessible to the occupants of
day-rooms and exercise areas.

4. In temporary holding cells and temporary staging
cells toilets/urinals must be provided in a ratio to in-
mates of 1:16.

5. In sobering cells toilets/urinals must be provided in a
ratio to inmates of 1:8.

6. One urinal or 2 feet (61 mm) of urinal trough may be
substituted for each toilet up to one third of the total
number of toilets required, except in those facilities or
portions thereof used for females.

Note: Toilet areas shall provide modesty for
inmates with staff being able to visually supervise.

1231.3.2 Wash basins.

1. Wash basins must be provided in single occupancy
cells and double occupancy cells.

2. In dormitories, wash basins must be provided in a ra-
tio to inmates of 1:10.

3. Wash basins must be accessible to the occupants of
day -rooms and exercise areas.

4. In temporary holding cells and temporary staging
cells, wash basins must be provided in a ratio to in-
mates of 1:16.

5. In sobering cells, wash basins must be provided in a
ratio to inmates of 1:8.

6. Wash basins must be provided with hot and cold or
tempered water.

7. Two feet (610 mm) of wash basin trough may be sub-
stituted for each basin required.

1231.3.3 Drinking fountains. There must be a minimum of
one drinking fountain in every single-occupancy cell, dou-
ble-occupancy cell, dormitory, temporary holding cell, tem-
porary staging cell, sobering cell, and be accessible to the
occupants of day rooms and exercise areas. Additional
drinking fountains shall be located in other areas of the
facility so that drinking water will be available to inmates
and staff. Such drinking fountains must meet the following
minimum health requirements:

1. The drinking fountain bubbler shall be on an angle
which prevents waste water from fiowing over the
drinking fountain bubbler.

2. Water flow shall be actuated by mechanical means.

1231.3.4 Showers must be available to all inmates on a ratio
of at least one shower to every 20 inmates or fraction thereof
and must provide hot and cold water or tempered water.
Shower stalls/shower areas must be designed and con-
structed of materials which are impervious to water and
soap so they may be easily cleaned.

Note. Shower areas shall provide modesty for inmates
with stajf being able to visually supervise.

1231.3.5 Beds must be elevated off the floor, have a solid
bottom, and a sleeping surface of at least 30 inches (762
mm) wide and 76 inches (1930 mm) long. Multiple beds
must have a minimum of 21 inches (533 mm) between bed
pans. Except in minimum security areas, beds must be
securely fastened to the floor or the wall.

1231.3.6 Lighting. Lighting in housing units, dayrooms and
activity areas must be sufficient to permit easy reading by a
person with normal vision, and shall not be less than 20
footcandles (215.2 lux) at desk level and in the grooming
area. Lighting shall be centrally controlled and/or occupant
controlled in housing cells or rooms. Night lighting in these
areas shall be sufficient to give good visibility for purposes
of supervision. In minimum-security areas, lighting may be
supplied by ordinary lightingfixtures, and in areas of higher
security, light fixtures must be of secure design.

1231.3.7 Windows. In housing areas of higher than mini-
mum security, windows which are constantly accessible to
inmates for escape must be designed and constructed so that
if broken out, the net area accessible for escape is no greater
than 5 inches (127 mm) in one dimension.

1231.3.8 Cellpadding. In sobering cells, the floor and par-
tition shall be padded. In safety cells, padding must cover

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the entire floor, doors, and walls and everything on them to a
clear height of 8 feet (2438 mm).

All such padded cells must be equipped with a tam-
per-resistant fire sprinkler as approved by the State Fire
Marshal. All padding must be:

1. Approved for use by the State Fire Marshal;

2. Nonporous to facilitate cleaning;

3. At least '/2-inch (12.7 mm) thick;

4. Of a unitary or laminated construction to prevent its
destruction by teeth, hand tearing or small metal ob-
jects;

5. Firmly bonded to all padded surfaces to prevent tear-
ing or ripping; and

6. Without any exposed seams susceptible to tearing or
ripping.

1231.3.9 Mirrors. A mirror of a material appropriate to the
level of security must be provided near each wash basin
specified in these regulations.

1231.3.10 Seating. In temporary holding and temporary
staging cells, seating must be securely fixed to the floor
and/or wall. When bench seating is used, 18 inches (457

. mm) of bench is seating for one person.

1231.3.11 Table/seat. In single- and double-occupancy
cells, a table and seat for the purpose of writing and dining
shall be provided.

Exception: A Type I facility does not require a table and
a seat

1231.3.12 Weapons locker. A secure weapons locker shall
be located outside the security perimeter of the facility such
that no officer shall bring into the security area any weapon.
Such weapons lockers shall be equipped with individual
compartments, each with an individual locking device.
Weapons lockers are required in temporary and court hold-
ing facilities and in all facilities of higher than minimum
security.

Exception: The design of court holding and temporary
holding facilities shall include the design criteria for fur-
nishings and equipment from Sections 1231.3.1,
1231.3.2, 1231.3.3, 1231.3.6, 1231.3.10 and 1231.3.12.

1231.4 Enclosure of vertical openings. Elevator shafts, vent
shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed, and the
enclosure shall be as set forth in Chapter 7.

1231.5 Fire-extinguishing systems. Automatic fire-extin-
guishing systems, standpipes and basement pipe inlets shall be
installed when and as required by Chapter 9.

1231.6 Existing Group I occupancies. Existing buildings
housing existing protective social-care homes or facilities
established prior to the effective date of these regulations may
have their use continued if they conform, or are made to con-
form, to the following provisions.

1231.6.1 Use of floors. The use of floor levels in buildings of
Type III, IV or V nonfire-rated construction may be as fol-
lows:

Nonambulatory— first floor only;

Ambulatory — not higher than the third-floor level, pro-
vided walls and partitions are constructed of materials
equal in fire- resistive quality to that of wood lath and plas-
ter in good repair and all walls arefirestopped at each floor
level.

1231.6.2 Enclosure of exits and vertical openings. Except
for two-story structures housing ambulatory guests, all inte-
rior stairs shall be enclosed in accordance with Chapter 10.
In lieu of stairway enclosures, floor separations or smoke
barriers may be provided in such a manner that fire and
smoke will not spread rapidly to floors above or otherwise
impair exit facilities. In these instances, floor separations or
smoke barriers shall have afire resistance equal to not less
than '/2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wall board on each side of
wood studs with openings protected by not less than a 1
^/4-inch (44 mm) solid bonded wood-core door of the
self-closing type. All other vertical openings shall be
enclosed in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 7.

1231.6.3 Exit access. Eachfloor or portion thereof of build-
ings used for the housing of existing protective social-care
homes or facilities shall have access to not less than two
exits in such a manner as to furnish egress from the building
or structure in the event of an emergency substantially
equivalent to the provisions of Chapter 10.

1231.6.4 Corridor openings. Openings from rooms to inte-
rior corridors shall be protected by not less than P/4-inch
(44 mm) solid-bonded wood-core doors. Transoms and
other similar openings shall be sealed with materials equiv-
alent to existing corridor wall construction.

1231.6.5 Interior wall and ceiling finishes shall conform to
the requirements for a Group R, Division 1 Occupancy as
specified in Chapter 8.

1231.6.6 Automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed in
existing protective social-care occupancies in accordance
with the provisions of Chapter 9.

1231.6.7 Fire alarm systems. Automatic fire alarm systems
shall be installed in existing protective social-care homes or
facilities in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 9.

Exception: When an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem conforming to Chapter 9 is installed, a separate fire
alarm system as specified in this subsection need not be
provided.

SECTION 1232
Reserved

SECTION 1233
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SECTION 1234
Reserved

SECTION 1235 [DHS]

SANITARY CONTROL OF SHELLFISH (PLANTS

AND OPERATIONS)

1235.1 Culling plants. Culling plants shall be located in areas
free from unsanitary conditions and faulty sewage disposal.
They shall be provided with an ample supply of water under
adequate pressure from a source approved by the Department
of Health Services for the purpose of hosing down floor and
benches and cleaning the shellfish. Floors and premises shall
be kept in a clean and sanitary condition.

1235.2 Plant arrangement. Unless shellfish are shucked
directly into packing containers with no further processing, the
shucking and packing processes shall be done in separate
rooms. There shall be installed in the partition between the two
rooms a delivery window through which the shucked stock is
passed to the packing room. Provision shall be made for stor-
ing the employees' outer garments, aprons, gloves, etc., in a
separate room.

Note: In special instances where shucking is done on a
small scale for local retail sales, shucking and packing may
be permitted in a single room if approved by the Department
of Health Services. This single room and all operations
shall conform to all requirements of these regulations except
that of separate shucking and packing rooms. "Limited"
certificates shall be issued in these instances and all con-
tainers of shucked shellfish shall be clearly labeled or
marked with words "Limited Certificate " and the appropri-
ate certificate number.

1235.3 Floors. The floors of all rooms in which shellfish are
stored, shucked, washed, packed or otherwise processed shall
be constructed of concrete or other equally impervious mate-
rial, graded to drain quickly, free from cracks or uneven sur-
faces that might interfere with proper cleaning or drainage,
and maintained in clean and satisfactory condition.

1235.4 Walls and ceilings. Walls and ceilings shall be main-
tained in a smooth, clean, washable, light-colored conditions.
They shall be impervious to moisture and shall be kept in good
repair. Walls contiguous to benches shall, to a height of 2 feet
(610 mm) above the bench top, be of smooth concrete, metal or
equally nonabsorbent material.

1235.5 Screening. The plant shall have all openings effectively
screened, unless other effective means are provided to prevent
the entrance of flies and other insects.

1235.6 Light. Ample light to work by shall be provided in all
working rooms. A light intensity of not less than lOfootcandles
(108 lux) shall be maintained on all working surfaces when
workers are at their working positions.

1235.7 Ventilation. Adequate ventilation shall be provided to
prevent condensation on ceilings or other surfaces.

1235.8 Toiletfacilities. Every shellfish culling, shucking, pack-
ing or repacking plant shall be provided with clean and ade-
quate toiletfacilities conveniently located. No toilet room shall

be used for the storage of garments, food products, containers
or equipment. Construction and maintenance of toilets shall
comply with all local and state regulations.

1235.9 Handwashing facilities. An adequate number of lava-
tories shall be provided at locations convenient to toilet rooms
and shellfish handling operations, including running hot and
cold water, soap and individual disposal towels. The use of a
common towel is prohibited. All employees shall wash their
hands thoroughly with running water and soap on beginning
work and after each visit to the toilet. Signs to this effect shall
be posted in conspicuous places in the plant and in the toilet
rooms.

1235.10 Sewers and drains. Sewage and other liquid wastes
shall be discharged into public sewers wherever possible.
Where private sewage or waste disposal systems must be uti-
lized, they shall be constructed in accordance with state and
local regulations pertaining thereto. Plant waste systems shall
be properly trapped and vented. Waste liquids shall be dis-
posed of in a manner that will not adversely affect the quality of
the water in which shellfish are grown or stored. Waste lines
from washing machines shall have suitable protection against
the possibility of sewage or wastes entering these machines.

1235.11 Water supply. Shucking, packing or repacking plants
shall be provided with an ample supply of water under ade-
quate pressure from a source approved by the Department of
Health Services. The supply shall be accessible to all parts of
the plant, adequate in quantity, and of a safe sanitary quality.
No cross connections with unapproved supplies or other possi-
ble sources of contamination shall be permitted.

SECTION 1236 [DHS]
LABORATORY ANIMAL QUARTERS

Laboratory animal quarters shall meet the requirements of
Part 12 California Referenced Standards Code, Chapter
12-4A, Section 12-4A-101.

See the 2007 Edition, Title 24, Part 12, Chapter 12-4A.

SECTION 1237 [DHS]
WILD ANIMAL QUARANTINE FACILITIES

1237.1 Scope. The provisions of this section are intended to
provide standards for the quarantine of wild animals.

1237.2 Definitions. Forthepurpose of this chapter, the follow-
ing terms shall have the meaning indicated:

ESCAPEPROOF is a condition that will prohibit unin-
tended release of wild animals fi-om their quarantine enclo-
sure.

HOUSING FACILITY is a room, building or area used to
contain a primary enclosure or enclosures for animal quar-
antine.

PRIMARY ENCLOSURE is a structure used to immedi-
ately restrict an animal or animals to a limited amount of
space, such as a room, pen, run, cage or compartment
within the quarantine facility.

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QUARANTINE FACILITY is a facility for the quarantine
confinement of imported wild animals.

SPACE CONDITIONING is the regulation of ambient tem-
perature.

1237.3 Construction.

1237.3.1 General. Housing facilities used for quarantine
shall be constructed in accordance with these provisions
and Group B occupancy requirements.

1237.3.2 Entry. Quarantine housing facilities shall restrict
the entry of other animals and unauthorized persons by
locking or bolting devices or other equipment methods.

Rooms containing primary enclosures shall be
entered through double doors that maintain a minimum
distance of 4 feet (1219 mm) between doors permitting
closure of one door before the second is opened.

All animals must be visible through a viewpoint from
the entry area.

Windows to the outside shall be escapeproof

One handwashing sink shall be provided in each room
in which animals are quarantined.

1237.3.3 Special provision. The interior building surfaces
of housing facilities shall be smooth arui impervious to
moisture.

1237.4 Light and ventilation. All portions of the wild animal
quarantine facility shall be space conditioned to maintain the
health of the wild animals. Ventilation shall be provided in
housing facilities so as not to create a health hazard by one or
more of the following methods.

1. Openable windows.

2. Doors.

3. Vents.

4. Air conditioning.

5. Fans

Uniformly distributed illumination of not less than 50
footcandles (538 lux) at least the level of the cage racks shall
be provided.

1237.5 Primary enclosure. Primary enclosures shall be capa-
ble of containing quarantined animals and excluding access by
other animals. Enclosures shall provide space to allow each
animal to make normal postural adjustments with freedom of
movement and maintain social activity. Primates shall be pro-
vided with a minimum floor space equal to an area of at least
three times the area occupied by such primates when standing
onfourfeet.

SECTION 1238
Reserved

SECTION 1239
Reserved

SECTION 1240 [AGR]
MEAT AND POULTRY PROCESSING PLANTS

1240.1 General construction. The buildings shall be of sound
construction and kept in good repair.

1240.1.1 The doors, windows, skylights and other outside
openings of the plant, shall be protected by fitted screens or
other devices, such as air screens, against the entrance of
flies and other insects.

1240.1.2 Outside doors shall be hung so as to be close fit-
ting when closed.

1240.1.3 Rooms or compartments used for edible products
shall be separated and distinct from inedible products
departments and from rooms where live poultry are held or
slaughtered. Separate rooms shall be provided when
required for conducting processing operations in a sanitary
manner; and all rooms shall be able to accommodate equip-
ment for processing operations.

Note: In the event of specific conflict, in federally
inspected plants, between the provisions of Title 24 and
federal regulations, the federal regulations shall take
precedence.

1240.1.4 The rooms and compartments in which any prod-
uct is prepared or handled shall be free from objectionable
odors.

1240.1.5 The outer premises of every official establishment,
including docks and areas where cars and vehicles are
loaded, and the driveways, approaches, yards, pens and
alleys shall be paved.

1240.2 Refuse rooms. A separate refuse room shall be required
in official establishments where accumulations of refuse occur.
Refuse rooms shall be entirely separate from other rooms in the
establishment, and shall provide for the following:

1. Tight fitting doors.

2. Ventilation.

3. Drainage.

4. Cleanup facilities.

5. Floors and walls to a height of 6 feet (1829 mm) above
the floor shall be impervious to moisture.

6. Wall above 6 feet (1829 mm), and ceilings shall be mois-
ture resistant

1240.3 Rooms for holding carcasses for further inspection.

Room or other acceptable facilities in which carcasses or parts
thereof are held for further inspection shall be in such numbers
and such locations as needs of the inspection in the establish-
ment may require. These rooms or facilities shall be equipped
with hasps for locking.

1240.4 Coolers and freezers. Coolers and freezers shall be of
adequate size and capacity and have cooling capability to fully
enable compliance with the regulations governing the inspec-
tion of meat and poultry and meat and poultry products.

1240.5 Boiler room. The boiler room shall be a separate room
where necessary to prevent dirt and objectionable odors enter-

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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ing from it into any room where dressed poultry or poultry
products are prepared, handled or stored,

1240.6 Inspector's office. Office space for the use of govern-
ment personnel shall be provided. The room or space must meet
the approval of the inspection service and provide for the fol-
lowing:

1. Light

2. Heat

3. Ventilation

4. Desk space

5. File cabinets

1240.7 Facilities for program employees. Establishments
shall have facilities for program employees.

1240.8 Lunch rooms. Lunch rooms or lunch areas separate
from the processing, packing or supply rooms shall be provided
in establishments where employees eat their lunches.

1240.9 Floors. All floors in rooms where exposed products are
prepared or handled shall be constructed of, or finished with,
materials impervious to moisture. The floors in killing, ice
cooling, ice packing, eviscerating, cooking, boning and can-
nery rooms shall be graded for complete runoff with no stand-
ing water.

1240.10 Walls, posts, partitions and doors. All walls, posts,
partitions and doors in rooms where exposed products are pre-
pared or handled shall be smooth and constructed of materials
impervious to moisture to a height of at least 8 feet (2438 mm)
above the floor. All surfaces above this height must be smooth
and finished with moisture-resistant material.

1240.11 Ceilings. Ceilings must be moisture resistant in rooms
where exposed products are prepared or handled, finished and
sealed.

1240.12 Rails. Rails should be located and passageway space
provided so that exposed product does not come in contact with
posts, walls and other fixed parts of the building, or with bar-
rels, boxes or other containers trafficked through holding and
operation areas.

1240.13 Lighting. There shall be either natural or artificial
light or both for all rooms and compartments.

1240.13.1 All rooms in which poultry or livestock are killed,
eviscerated or otherwise processed shall have at least 30
foot-candles (323 lux) of light intensity on all working sur-
faces.

Exceptions:

1. At the inspection stations such light intensity shall
be at least 50 footcandles (538 lux).

2. In all other rooms in which poultry or livestock are
not killed, eviscerated or otherwise processed,
there shall be provided at least 5 footcandles (54
lux) of light intensity when measured at a distance
of 30 inches (762 mm) from the floor.

1240.14 Ventilation. There shall be either natural or artificial
ventilation, adequate to control odors, vapors, and condensa-
tion to the extent necessary to prevent adulteration of product

and the creation of insanitary conditions, in all rooms and
compartments.

1240.14.1 Freezing rooms, other than those for plate freez-
ers or liquid freezing, shall have forced-air circulation, and
freezers and coolers shall be equipped with floor racks or
pallets unless other means are used which will assure that
products will be maintained in a wholesome condition.

1240.14.2 Toilet rooms shall be ventilated to the outside of
the building.

1240.15 Lavatories, toilets and other sanitary facilities.

1240.15.1 Lavatory and toilet accommodations, including
but not limited to, running hot and cold water, shall be pro-
vided as follows in Table 1240.15.1.

TABLE 1240.15.1

PERSONS OF SAME SEX

TOILET BOWLS
REQUIRED

1 to 15, inclusive

16 to 35, inclusive

36 to 50, inclusive

51 to 80, inclusive

For each additional 30 persons in excess of
80

* Urinals may be substitutedfor toilet bowls, but only to the extent of one-third
of the total number of bowls stated.

1240.15.2 Lavatories shall be in or adjacent to toilet and
locker rooms and at other places in the plant to provide for
the cleanliness of all personnel handling products.

1240.15.3 Toilet rooms opening directly into rooms where
products are exposed shall have self-closing doors.

1240.15.4 Dressing rooms and toilet rooms shall be pro-
vided in each establishment and shall be ample in size and
readily accessible. They shall be separated from the rooms
and compartments in which products are prepared, stored
or handled. Where both sexes are employed, separate facili-
ties shall be provided.

1240.15.5 Lockers or other facilities shall be provided for
employees' wearing apparel and for the storing and chang-
ing of clothing. Lockers shall not be located in rooms where
processing operations are conducted.

1240.15.6 Handwashing facilities serving areas where
dressed livestock and poultry carcasses and parts and meat
and poultry products are prepared shall be operated by
other than hand-operated controls, or shall be continuous
flow type that provides flow of water for washing hands.

1240.15.7 Catch basins. All catch basins on the premises
shall accommodate the provisions of Section 1243.5.

SECTION 1241 [AGR]
COLLECTION CENTERS AND FACILITIES

1241.1 General construction.

1241.1.1 Collection centers shall have facilities for the stor-
age of carcasses and parts of dead animals and the cleaning
and sanitizing of vehicles.

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1241.1.2 Buildings used for the temporary storage of ani-
mal carcasses, packinghouse wastes and other products
before transportation to a licensed rendering plant shall be
of sound construction and shall be of such construction as to
prevent the entrance or harboring of vermin.

1241.1.3 The floors, walls, ceilings, partitions and doors
shall be of such material, construction and finish as to make
them readily cleanable.

1241.1.4 The area for the cleaning and sanitizing of vehi-
cles shall be provided with adequate live steam or hot water,
producing a temperature of at least I80°F (82°C), or other
method for sanitizing vehicles.

1241.1.5 Facilities shall be provided for the holding and
disposal of solid waste resulting from the cleaning opera-
tion. Such facilities shall be accessible and easily cleaned
and so constructed as to prevent the entrance or harborage
of vermin, flies and other insects.

1241.1.6 The cleaning and sanitizing of vehicles shall be
done on a slab of concrete or other material approved by the
Department, which is sloped to drains so as to permit the
rapid runoff of water.

1241.1.7 Carcasses and packinghouse waste. The unload-
ing slab shall be of sufficient size to hold all animal car-
casses and packinghouse waste material, be constructed of
concrete or other material approved by the Department and
sloped to drains so as to permit the rapid runoff of water.

1241.2 Floors. Floors of rooms in which carcasses and
packinghouse wastes are received or stored shall be graded to
permit runoff of water with no standing water. In new construc-
tion and in renovated buildings where floors are to be resur-
faced, the pitch shall not be less than '/^ inch per foot (2
percent) to drains.

1241.3 Lavatories and toilets. Modern lavatory accommoda-
tions, including running hot and cold water, shall be provided
except where the Department determines that they are not nec-
essary.

SECTION 1242 [AGR]
RENDERERS

1242.1 General construction.

1242.1.1 Separation from other businesses. Every licensed
rendering establishment shall be separate and distinct from
any establishments in which any meat, meat byproducts,
poultry, or poultry byproducts are handled and from any
other business at the discretion of the Department.

1242.1.2 The cleaning and sanitizing of vehicles shall be
done on a slab of concrete or other material approved by the
Department; which is sloped to drains so as to permit the
rapid runoff of water.

SECTION 1243 [AGR]
HORSEMEATAND PETFOOD ESTABLISHMENTS

1243.1 Scope. In the event of specific conflict between the pro-
visions of Title 24 and federal regulations, the federal regula-

tions shall take precedence in establishments under federal
inspection.

1243.2 General.

1243.2.1 Facilities for program employees. Office space,
including light and heat shall be provided by official estab-
lishments for the inspector and other program employees.
The office space shall be conveniently located and ade-
quately ventilated, heated, cooled, and provided with ade-
quate desk and file space.

1243.2.2 Final inspection places.

1243.2.2.1 Final inspection places shall, by size, rail
arrangement and other equipment, prevent contamina-
tion of edible carcasses or parts by inedible carcasses or
parts.

1243.2.2.2 Floors. The floors shall be of such construc-
tion as to facilitate the maintenance of sanitary condi-
tions and shall have drainage connections. When the
final inspection place is part of a larger floor, it shall be
separated from the rest of the floor by a curb, railing or
otherwise.

1243.2.3 Docks and receiving rooms. Docks andreceiving
rooms shall be provided.

1243.2.4 The floors, walls, ceilings, partitions, posts, doors
and other parts of all structures shall be of such material,
construction and finish as will make them readily and thor-
oughly cleanable. The floors shall be kept watertight.

1243.2.5 Rails. Rails shall be located and passageway
space provided, so that exposed product does not come in
contact with post, walls and other fixedparts of the building,
or with barrels, boxes and other containers trafficked
through holding and operation areas.

1243.2.6 The rooms and compartments used for edible
products shall be separated and distinct from those used for
inedible products.

1243.2.7 The rooms and compartments in which any prod-
uct is prepared or handled shall be free from objectionable
odor.

1243.2.8 Precaution shall be taken to exclude flies, rats,
mice and other vermin from official establishments.

1243.2.9 The outer premises of horsemeat and pet food
establishments shall meet the requirements of Section
1240.1.5.

1243.3 Lighting. There shall be light and ventilation for all
rooms and compartments.

1243.4 Sanitary facilities and accommodations. Sanitary
facilities and accommodations shall be furnished by every offi-
cial establishment.

1243.4.1 Dressing rooms and toilet rooms shall be provided
in each establishment and shall be ample in size and readily
accessible. They shall be separated from the rooms and
compartments in which products are prepared, stored or
handled. Where both sexes are employed, separate facilities
shall be provided.

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INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

1243.4.2 Lavatories, including running hot and cold water,
shall be placed in or adjacent to toilet and urinal rooms and
at other places in the establishment to assure cleanliness of
all persons handling any product.

1243.4.3 Facilities shall be provided for cleansing and dis-
infecting utensils.

1243.5 Catch basins. All catch basins on the premises shall be
of such construction and location to ensure they are kept clean
and odorless. Catch basins shall not be located in department
where any product is prepared, handled or stored.

1243.6 Final inspection space. Such spaces shall be equipped
with hot water and a lavatory.

3. The pharmacy shall be arranged in such a manner that
the laminar-flow hood is located in an area which is ex-
posed to minimal traffic flow, and is separate from any
area used for bulk storage of items not related to the com-
pounding of parenteral solutions.

There shall be sufficient space, well separated from
the laminar-flow hood area for the storage of bulk mate-
rials, equipment and waste materials.

4. A sink with hot and cold running water must be within the
parenteral solution compounding area or adjacent to it.

Note: For additional pharmacy mechanical standard
requirements, see Chapter 5, California Mechanical
Code.

SECTION 1244
Reserved

SECTION 1245
Reserved

SECTION 1246
Reserved

SECTION 1247
Reserved

SECTION 1248
Reserved

SECTION 1249
Reserved

SECTION 1250 [CA]
PHARMACIES

1250.1 Restrooms. Apharmacy shall maintain a readily acces-
sible restroom. The restroom shall contain a toilet and washba-
sin supplied with running water.

1250.2 Sink. All pharmacies shall be equipped with a sink
within the pharmacy for pharmaceutical purposes. The sink
shall be supplied with hot and cold running water.

1250.3 Compounding area for parenteral solutions. The

pharmacy shall have a designated area for the preparation of
sterile products for dispensing which shall:

1. In accordance with Federal Standard 209 (b), Clean
Room and Work Station Requirements, Controlled Envi-
ronment as approved by the Commission, Federal Supply
Service, General Service Administration meet standards
for Class 100 HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) fil-
tered air such as laminar airflow hood or clean room.

2. Have nonporous and cleanable surfaces, walls, floors
and floor coverings.

SECTION 1251 [CA]
VETERINARY FACILITIES

1251.1 All premises where veterinary medicine, veterinary
dentistry or veterinary surgery is being practiced, and all
instruments, apparatus and apparel used in connection with
those practices, shall be kept clean and sanitary at all times
and shall conform to the standards of this section.

1251.2 Indoor lighting for halls, wards, reception areas and
examining and surgical rooms shall be adequate for their
intended purpose. All surgical rooms shall be provided with
emergency lighting.

1251.3 A veterinary facility where animals are housed shall
contain the following:

1. A reception room and office, or a combination of the two.

2. An examination room separate from other areas of the fa-
cility and of sufficient size to accommodate the doctor,
assistant, patient and client.

3. A surgery room separate and distinct from all other
rooms.

4. Housing. In those veterinary hospitals where animals
are retainedfor treatment or hospitalization, the follow-
ing shall be provided:

4.1. Separate compartments, one for each animal,
maintained in a sanitary manner so as to assure
comfort.

4.2. Facilities allowing for the effective separation of
contagious and noncontagious cases.

4.3. Exercise runs which provide and allow effective
separation of animals and their waste products.

Note: Where animals are kept in clinics for 24
hours or more, walking the animal meets this
requirement.

1251.4 Practice management.

1251.4.1 Veterinary facilities shall maintain a sanitary
environment to avoid sources and transmission of infection.
This is to include the proper routine of disposal of waste
materials and proper sterilization or sanitation of all equip-
ment used in diagnosis or treatment.

1251.4.2 Fire precautions shall meet the requirements of
local and state fire prevention codes.

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2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

1251.4.3 The temperature and ventilation of the facility
shall be maintained so as to assure the comfort of all
patients.

1251.4.4 The veterinary facility must have the capacity to
render adequate diagnostic radiological services, either in
the hospital or through other commercial facilities. Radio-
logical procedures shall be in accordance with state public
health standards.

1251.4.5 Sanitary methods for the disposal of deceased ani-
mals shall be provided and maintained. Where the owner of
a deceased animal has not given the veterinarian authoriza-
tion to dispose of the animal, the veterinarian shall be
required to retain the carcass in a freezer for at least 14
days.

SECTION 1252 [C A]
BARBER COLLEGES AND SHOPS

1252.1 Barber college floors. Floors of barber colleges shall
be coveredwith hardwood, linoleum, asphalt tile or some other
washable and nonporous material other than paint.

1252.2 Barber shop floors. Floors of barber shops shall be
covered with hardwood, linoleum, asphalt tile, carpeting or
some other washable material other than paint.

1252.3 Barbershop washbasin(s) and lavatory(ies). A barber
shop owner shall provide washbasin(s) or lavatory(ies) within
the working area of the barber shop.

1252.4 Minimum barber shop size. A barber shop shall be a
minimum of 8 feet (2438 mm) wide, 8 feet (2438 mm) long, with
an 8-foot (2438 mm) ceiling.

1252.5 Barber college premises. In a college ofbarbering, the
room for practical work and demonstrations shall be at least 14
feet (4267 mm) wide for one row of barber chairs and shall be
at least 20 feet (6096 mm) wide for two rows of chairs.

shall be provided for the working, practice and classroom
areas.

Exception: When the average daily attendance for either
day or night school of electrology exceeds 15 students,
an additional 30 square feet (2. 8 rr?) of floor space shall
be required for each additional student after the first 15,
which shall be provided for working, practice and class-
room areas.

1253.1.3 Satellite classrooms. The minimum floor space in
any satellite classroom of a school of cosmetology or
electrology shall be 1,000 square feet (93 m^).

Exception: For each additional student after the first 50,
an additional 20 square feet (1.9 m^) of floor space shall
be required.

1253.2 Floor finish. The floors in the toilet area of each school
and establishment shall be of nonabsorbent material.

1253.3 Celling height. The minimum ceiling height of the prac-
tice and classroom areas of school premises shall be at least 9
feet (2743 mm) in height.

SECTION 1254 [C A]
ACUPUNCTURE OFFICES

1254.1 Acupuncture offices. Every acupuncture office shall
have a readily accessible bathroom facility which shall be
maintained in a clean and sanitary condition at all times. In
addition, there shall be a sink with hot and cold running water
in or near each treatment room.

SECTION 1253 [C A]

SCHOOLS OF COSMETOLOGY,

COSMETOLOGICAL ESTABLISHMENTS AND

SATELLITE CLASSROOMS

1253.1 Floor space.

1253.1.1 Schools of cosmetology. The minimum floor space
in any school of cosmetology premises shall be 3, 000 square
feet (279 m^), not less than 2,000 square feet (185.8 rr?) of
which shall be provided for the working, practice and class-
room areas.

Exception: When the average daily attendance for either
day or night school in a school of cosmetology exceeds
50 students for aperiod of three months, an additional 30
square feet (2.8 m^) of floor space shall be required for
each additional student after the first 50, which shall be
provided for the working, practice and classroom areas.

1253.1.2 Schools of electrology. The minimum floor space
in any school of electrology premises shall be 1,000 square
feet (93 m^), not less than 600 square feet (55. 7 m^) of which

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

609

610 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 13

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

See the California Energy Code, Title 24, Part 6.

611
2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

61 2 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 14 - EXTERIOR WALLS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ctiapter

♦

Adopt Entire Cliapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

♦

Adopt only those sections tliat
are listed below

Ctiapter /Section

Codes

1403.2

1405,1.1

1408

The ♦ designation indicates tiiat tiie Office of tiie State Fire iVlarsiial's adoption of this chapter or
individual sections is applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 or DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

613

61 4 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 14

EXTERIOR WALLS

SECTION 1401
GENERAL

1401.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall establish the
minimum requirements for exterior walls; exterior wall cover-
ings; exterior wall openings; exterior windows and doors;
architectural trim; balconies and similar projections; and bay
and oriel windows.

SECTION 1402
DEFINITIONS

1402.1 General. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

ADHERED MASONRY VENEER. Veneer secured and sup-
ported through the adhesion of an approved bonding material
applied to an approved backing.

ANCHORED MASONRY VENEER. Veneer secured with
approved mechanical fasteners to an approved backing.

BACKING. The wall or surface to which the veneer is secured.

EXTERIOR WALL. A wall, bearing or nonbearing, that is
used as an enclosing wall for a building, other than a fire wall,
and that has a slope of 60 degrees (1 .05 rad) or greater with the
horizontal plane.

EXTERIOR WALL COVERING. A material or assembly of
materials applied on the exterior side of exterior walls for the
purpose of providing a weather-resisting barrier, insulation or
for aesthetics, including but not limited to, veneers, siding,
exterior insulation and finish systems, architectural trim and
embellishments such as cornices, soffits, facias, gutters and
leaders.

EXTERIOR WALL ENVELOPE. A system or assembly of
exterior wall components, including exterior wall finish mate-
rials, that provides protection of the building structural mem-
bers, including framing and sheathing materials, and
conditioned interior space, from the detrimental effects of the
exterior environment.

FIBER CEMENT SIDING. A manufactured, fiber-reinforc-
ing product made with an inorganic hydraulic or calcium sili-
cate binder formed by chemical reaction and reinforced with
organic or inorganic nonasbestos fibers, or both. Additives that
enhance manufacturing or product performance are permitted.
Fiber cement siding products have either smooth or textured
faces and are intended for exterior wall and related applica-
tions.

METAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL (MCM). A fac-
tory-manufactured panel consisting of metal skins bonded to
both faces of a plastic core.

METAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL (MCM) SYSTEM.
An exterior wall finish system fabricated using MCM in a spe-

cific assembly including joints, seams, attachments, substrate,
framing and other details as appropriate to a particular design.

VENEER. A facing attached to a wall for the purpose of pro-
viding ornamentation, protection or insulation, but not counted
as adding strength to the wall.

VINYL SIDING. A shaped material, made principally from
rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC), that is used as an exterior wall
covering.

WATER-RESISTIVE BARRIER. A material behind an
exterior wall covering that is intended to resist liquid water that
has penetrated behind the exterior covering from further
intruding into the exterior wall assembly.

SECTION 1403
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

1403.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to
exterior walls, wall coverings and components thereof.

1403.2 Weather protection. Exterior walls shall provide the
building with a weather-resistant exterior wall envelope. The
exterior wall envelope shall include flashing, as described in
Section 1405.3. The exterior wall envelope shall be designed
and constructed in such a manner as to prevent the accumula-
tion of water within the wall assembly by providing a
water-resistive barrier behind the exterior veneer, as described
in Section 1404.2, and a means for draining water that enters
the assembly to the exterior. Protection against condensation in
the exterior wall assembly shall be provided in accordance with
the California Energy Code, Section 150 of Title 24, Part 6.

Exceptions:

1. A weather-resistant exterior wall envelope shall not
be required over concrete or masonry walls designed
in accordance with Chapters 19 and 21 , respectively.

2. Compliance with the requirements for a means of
drainage, and the requirements of Sections 1404.2
and 1405.3, shall not be required for an exterior wall
envelope that has been demonstrated through testing
to resist wind-driven rain, including joints, penetra-
tions and intersections with dissimilar materials, in
accordance with ASTM E 331 under the following
conditions:

2.1. Exterior wall envelope test assemblies shall
include at least one opening, one control joint,
one wall/eave interface and one wall sill. All
tested openings and penetrations shall be rep-
resentative of the intended end-use configura-
tion.

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2.2. Exterior wall envelope test assemblies shall be
at least 4 feet by 8 feet (1219 mm by 2438
mm) in size.

2.3. Exterior wall envelope assemblies shall be
tested at a minimum differential pressure of
6.24 pounds per square foot (psf) (0.297
kN/m2).

2.4. Exterior wall envelope assemblies shall be
subjected to a minimum test exposure dura-
tion of 2 hours.

3. [OSHPD 1, 2 and 4] OSHPD regulated facilities are
exempt from requirements of Title 24, Part 6.

The exterior wall envelope design shall be considered
to resist wind-driven rain where the results of testing
indicate that water did not penetrate control joints in the
exterior wall envelope, joints at the perimeter of open-
ings or intersections of terminations with dissimilar
materials.

1403.3 Structural. Exterior walls, and the associated open-
ings, shall be designed and constructed to resist safely the
superimposed loads required by Chapter 16.

1403.4 Fire resistance. Exterior walls shall be fire-resistance
rated as required by other sections of this code with opening
protection as required by Chapter 7.

1403.5 Flood resistance. For buildings in flood hazard areas as
established in Section 1612.3, exterior walls extending below
the design flood elevation shall be resistant to water damage.
Wood shall be pressure-preservative treated in accordance with
AWPA Ul for the species, product and end use using a preser-
vative listed in Section 4 of AWPA Ul or decay-resistant heart-
wood of redwood, black locust or cedar.

1403.6 Flood resistance for high-velocity wave action areas.

For buildings in flood hazard areas subject to high-velocity
wave action as established in Section 1612.3, electrical,
mechanical and plumbing system components shall not be
mounted on or penetrate through exterior walls that are
designed to break away under flood loads.

SECTION 1404
MATERIALS

1404.1 General. Materials used for the construction of exterior
walls shall comply with the provisions of this section. Materi-
als not prescribed herein shall be permitted, provided that any
such alternative has been approved.

1404.2 Water-resistive barrier. A minimum of one layer of
No.l5 asphalt felt, complying with ASTM D 226 for Type 1
felt or other approved materials, shall be attached to the studs or
sheathing, with flashing as described in Section 1405 .3, in such
a manner as to provide a continuous water-resistive barrier
behind the exterior wall veneer.

1404.3 Wood. Exterior walls of wood construction shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with Chapter 23.

1404.3.1 Basic hardboard. Basic hardboard shall conform
to the requirements of AHA A135.4.

1404.3.2 Hardboard siding. Hardboard siding shall con-
form to the requirements of AHA A135.6 and, where used
structurally, shall be so identified by the label of an
approved agency.

1404.4 Masonry. Exterior walls of masonry construction shall
be designed and constructed in accordance with this section
and Chapter 21. Masonry units, mortar and metal accessories
used in anchored and adhered veneer shall meet the physical
requirements of Chapter 21. The backing of anchored and
adhered veneer shall be of concrete, masonry, steel framing or
wood framing.

1404.5 Metal. Exterior walls of formed steel construction,
structural steel or lightweight metal alloys shall be designed in
accordance with Chapters 22 and 20, respectively.

1404.5.1 Aluminum siding. Aluminum siding shall con-
form to the requirements of AAMA 1402.

1404.5.2 Cold-rolled copper. Copper shall conform to the
requkements of ASTM B 370.

1404.5.3 Lead-coated copper. Lead-coated copper shall
conform to the requirements of ASTM B 101.

1404.6 Concrete. Exterior walls of concrete construction shall
be designed and constructed in accordance with Chapter 19.

1404.7 Glass-unit masonry. Exterior walls of glass-unit
masonry shall be designed and constructed in accordance with
Chapter 21.

1404.8 Plastics. Plastic panel, apron or spandrel walls as
defined in this code shall not be limited in thickness, provided
that such plastics and their assemblies conform to the require-
ments of Chapter 26 and are constructed of approved
weather-resistant materials of adequate strength to resist the
wind loads for cladding specified in Chapter 16.

1404.9 Vinyl siding. Vinyl siding shall be certified and labeled
as conforming to the requu-ements of ASTM D 3679 by an
approved quality control agency.

1404.10 Fiber cement siding. Fiber cement siding shall con-
form to the requirements of ASTM C 1 1 86 and shall be so iden-
tified on labeling listing an approved quality control agency.

SECTION 1405
INSTALLATION OF WALL COVERINGS

1405.1 General. Exterior wall coverings shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with the applicable provisions of
this section.

1405.1.1 Additional requirements. [DSA-SS & OSHPD 1,
2 and 4] In addition to the requirements of 1405.5, 1405.6,
1405.7, 1405.8 and 1405.9, the installation of anchored or
adhered veneer shall comply with applicable provisions of
Section 1408.

1405.2 Weather protection. Exterior walls shall provide
weather protection for the building. The materials of the mini-
mum nominal thickness specified in Table 1405.2 shall be
acceptable as approved weather coverings.

616

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EXTERIOR WALLS

TABLE 1405.2
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF WEATHER COVERINGS

COVERING TYPE

MINIMUM THICKNESS
(inches)

Adhered masonry veneer

0.25

Aluminum siding

0.019

Anchored masonry veneer

2.625

Asbestos-cement boards

0.125

Asbestos shingles

0.156

Cold-rolled copper^

0.0216 nominal

Copper shingles'*

0.0162 nominal

Exterior plywood (with sheathing)

0.313

Exterior plywood (without sheathing)

See Section 2304.6

Fiber cement lap siding

0.25=

Fiber cement panel siding

0.25"=

Fiberboard siding

0.5

Glass-fiber reinforced concrete panels

0.375

Hardboard siding"^

0.25

High-yield copper^

0.0162 nominal

Lead-coated copper"*

0.0216 nominal

Lead-coated high-yield copper

0.0162 nominal

Marble slabs

Particleboard (with sheathing)

See Section 2304.6

Particleboard (without sheathing)

See Section 2304.6

Precast stone facing

0.625

Steel (approved corrosion resistant)

0.0149

Stone (cast artificial)

1.5

Stone (natural)

Structural glass

0.344

Stucco or exterior portland cement plaster

Three-coat work over:

Metal plaster base

0.875"

Unit masonry

0.625''

Cast-in-place or precast concrete

0.625''

Two-coat work over:

Unit masonry

0.5''

Cast-in-place or precast concrete

0.375"

Terra cotta (anchored)

Terra cotta (adhered)

0.25

Vinyl siding

0.035

Wood shingles

0.375

Wood siding (without sheathing)"

0.5

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Wood siding of thicknesses less than 0.5 inch shall be placed over sheathing
that conforms to Section 2304.6.

b. Exclusive of texture.

c. As measured at the bottom of decorative grooves.

d. 16 ounces per square foot for cold-rolled copper and lead-coated copper, 12
ounces per square foot for copper shingles, high-yield copper and
lead-coated high-yield copper.

1405.3 Flashing. Flashing shall be installed in such a manner
so as to prevent moisture from entering the wall or to redirect it
to the exterior. Flashing shall be installed at the perimeters of
exterior door and window assembUes, penetrations and termi-
nations of exterior wall assemblies, exterior wall intersections
with roofs, chimneys, porches, decks, balconies and similar
projections and at built-in gutters and similar locations where
moisture could enter the wall. Flashing with projecting flanges
shall be installed on both sides and the ends of copings, under
sills and continuously above projecting trim.

1405.3.1 Exterior wall pockets. In exterior walls of build-
ings or structures, wall pockets or crevices in which mois-
ture can accumulate shall be avoided or protected with caps
or drips, or other approved means shall be provided to pre-
vent water damage.

1405.3.2 Masonry. Flashing and weep holes shall be
located in the first course of masonry above finished ground
level above the foundation wall or slab, and other points of
support, including structural floors, shelf angles and lintels
where anchored veneers are designed in accordance with
Section 1405.5.

1405.4 Wood veneers. Wood veneers on exterior walls of
buildings of Type I, II, III and IV construction shall be not less
than 1 inch (25 mm) nominal thickness, 0.438-inch (11.1 mm)
exterior hardboard siding or 0.375-inch (9.5 mm) exterior-type
wood structural panels or particleboard and shall conform to
the following:

1. The veneer shall not exceed three stories in height, mea-
sured from the grade plane. Where fire-retardant-treated
wood is used, the height shall not exceed four stories.

2. The veneer is attached to or furred from a
noncombustible backing that is fire-resistance rated as
required by other provisions of this code.

3. Where open or spaced wood veneers (without concealed
spaces) are used, they shall not project more than 24
inches (610 mm) from the building wall.

1405.5 Anchored masonry veneer. Anchored masonry
veneer shall comply with the provisions of Sections 1405.5,
1405.6, 1405.7 and 1405.8 and Sections 6.1 and 6.2 of ACI
530/ASCE 5/TMS 402.

1405.5.1 Tolerances. Anchored masonry veneers in accor-
dance with Chapter 14 are not required to meet the toler-
ances in Article 3.3 Gl of ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.

1405.5.2 Seismic requirements. Anchored masonry
veneer located in Seismic Design Category C, E or F shall
conform to the requirements of Section 6.2.2. 10 of ACI530/
ASCE5/ TMS 402. Anchored masonry veneer located in
Seismic Design Category D shall conform to the require-
ments for Seismic Design Category E or F.

1405.6 Stone veneer. Stone veneer units not exceeding 10
inches (254 mm) in thickness shall be anchored directly to
masonry, concrete or to stud construction by one of the follow-
ing methods:

1. With concrete or masonry backing, anchor ties shall be
not less than 0.1055-inch (2.68 mm) corrosion-resistant
wire, or approved equal, formed beyond the base of the

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

617

EXTERIOR WALLS

backing. The legs of the loops shall be not less than 6
inches (152 mm) in length bent at right angles and laid in
the mortar joint, and spaced so that the eyes or loops are
12 inches (305 mm) maximum on center (o.c.) in both di-
rections. There shall be provided not less than a
0.1055-inch (2.68 mm) corrosion-resistant wire tie, or
approved equal, threaded through the exposed loops for
every 2 square feet (0.2 m^) of stone veneer. This tie shall
be a loop having legs not less than 15 inches (381 mm) in
length bent so that it will he in the stone veneer mortar
joint. The last 2 inches (51 mm) of each wire leg shall
have a right-angle bend. One-inch (25 mm) minimum
thickness of cement grout shall be placed between the
backing and the stone veneer.

2. With stud backing, a 2-inch by 2-inch (5 1 mm by 5 1 mm)
0.0625-inch (1.59 ram) corrosion-resistant wire mesh
with two layers of water-resistive barrier in accordance
with Section 1404.2 shall be applied directly to wood
studs spaced a maximum of 16 inches (406 nun) o.c. On
studs, the mesh shall be attached with 2-inch-long (51
mm) corrosion-resistant steel wire furring nails at 4
inches (102 mm) o.c. providing a minimum 1.125-inch
(29 mm) penetration into each stud and with 8d common
nails at 8 inches (203 mm) o.c. into top and bottom plates
or with equivalent wire ties. There shall be not less than a
0.1055-inch (2.68 nmi) corrosion-resistant wire, or ap-
proved equal, looped through the mesh for every 2
square feet (0.2 m^) of stone veneer This tie shall be a
loop having legs not less than 15 inches (381 mm) in
length, so bent that it will lie in the stone veneer mortar
joint. The last 2 inches (51 nuri) of each wire leg shall
have a right-angle bend. One-inch (25 mm) minimum
thickness of cement grout shall be placed between the
backing and the stone veneer.

1405.7 Slab-type veneer. Slab-type veneer units not exceed-
ing 2 inches (51 mm) in thickness shall be anchored directly to
masonry, concrete or stud construction. For veneer units of
marble, travertine, granite or other stone units of slab form ties
of corrosion-resistant dowels in drilled holes shall be located in
the middle third of the edge of the units, spaced a maximum of
24 inches (610 m) apart around the periphery of each unit with
not less than four ties per veneer unit. Units shall not exceed 20
square feet (1.9 m^) in area. If the dowels are not tight fitting,
the holes shall be drilled not more than 0.063 inch (1.6 mm)
larger in diameter than the dowel, with the hole countersunk to
a diameter and depth equal to twice the diameter of the dowel in
order to provide a tight-fitting key of cement mortar at the
dowel locations when the mortar in the joint has set. Veneer ties
shall be corrosion-resistant metal capable of resisting, in ten-
sion or compression, a force equal to two times the weight of
the attached veneer. If made of sheet metal, veneer ties shall be
not smaller in area than 0.0336 by 1 inch (0.853 by 25 mm) or,
if made of wire, not smaller in diameter than 0.1483-inch (3.76
mm) wire.

1405.8 Terra cotta. Anchored terra cotta or ceramic units not
less than 1 .625 inches (41 nnm) thick shall be anchored directly
to masonry, concrete or stud construction. Tied terra cotta or
ceramic veneer units shall be not less than 1.625 inches (41
mm) thick with projecting dovetail webs on the back surface

spaced approximately 8 inches (203 mm) o.c. The facing shall
be tied to the backing wall with corrosion-resistant metal
anchors of not less than No. 8 gage wire installed at the top of
each piece in horizontal bed joints not less than 12 inches (305
mm) nor more than 18 inches (457 mm) o.c; these anchors
shall be secured to 0.25-inch (6.4 nmi) corrosion-resistant pen-
cil rods that pass through the vertical aligned loop anchors in
the backing wall. The veneer ties shall have sufficient strength
to support the full weight of the veneer in tension. The facing
shall be set with not less than a 2-inch (51 mm) space from the
backing wall and the space shall be filled solidly with portland
cement grout and pea gravel. Immediately prior to setting, the
backing wall and the facing shall be drenched with clean water
and shall be distinctly damp when the grout is poured.

1405.9 Adhered masonry veneer. Adhered masonry veneer
shall comply with the applicable requirements in Section
1405.9.1 and Sections 6.1 and 6.3 of ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS
402.

1405.9.1 Interior adhered masonry veneers. Interior
adhered masonry veneers shall have a maximum weight of
20 psf (0.958 kg/m^) and shall be installed in accordance
with Section 1405.9. Where the interior adhered masonry
veneer is supported by wood construction, the supporting
members shall be designed to limit deflection to Vgoo of the
span of the supporting members.

1405.10 Metal veneers. Veneers of metal shall be fabricated
from approved corrosion-resistant materials or shall be pro-
tected front and back with porcelain enamel, or otherwise be
treated to render the metal resistant to corrosion. Such veneers
shall not be less than 0.0149-inch (0.378 mm) nominal thick-
ness sheet steel mounted on wood or metal furring strips or
approved sheathing on the wood construction.

1405.10.1 Attachment. Exterior metal veneer shall be
securely attached to the supporting masonry or framing
members with corrosion-resistant fastenings, metal ties or
by other approved devices or methods. The spacing of the
fastenings or ties shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm) either
vertically or horizontally, but where units exceed 4 square
feet (0.4 m^) in area there shall be not less than four attach-
ments per unit. The metal attachments shall have a
cross-sectional area not less than provided by W 1.7 wire.
Such attachments and their supports shall be capable of
resisting a horizontal force in accordance with the wind
loads specified in Section 1609, but in no case less than 20
psf (0.958 kg/m^).

1405.10.2 Weather protection. Metal supports for exterior
metal veneer shall be protected by painting, galvanizing or
by other equivalent coating or treatment. Wood studs, fur-
ring strips or other wood supports for exterior metal veneer
shall be approved pressure-treated wood or protected as
required in Section 1403.2. Joints and edges exposed to the
weather shall be caulked with approved durable waterproof-
ing material or by other approved means to prevent penetra-
tion of moisture.

1405.10.3 Backup. Masonry backup shall not be required
for metal veneer except as is necessary to meet the fire-resis-
tance requirements of this code.

618

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EXTERIOR WALLS

1405.10.4 Grounding. Grounding of metal veneers on
buildings shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 27
of this code or the California Electrical Code.

1405.11 Glass veneer. The area of a single section of thin exte-
rior structural glass veneer shall not exceed 10 square feet (0.93
m^) where it is not more than 1 5 feet (4572 mm) above the level
of the sidewalk or grade level directly below, and shall not
exceed 6 square feet (0.56 m^) where it is more than 15 feet
(4572 mm) above that level.

1405.11.1 Length and height. The length or height of any
section of thin exterior structural glass veneer shall not
exceed 48 inches (1219 mm).

1405.11.2 Thiclcness. The thickness of thin exterior struc-
tural glass veneer shall be not less than 0.344 inch (8.7 mm).

1405.11.3 Application. Thin exterior structural glass
veneer shall be set only after backing is thoroughly dry and
after appHcation of an approved bond coat uniformly over
the entire surface of the backing so as to effectively seal the
surface. Glass shall be set in place with an approved mastic
cement in sufficient quantity so that at least 50 percent of the
area of each glass unit is directly bonded to the backing by
mastic not less than 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick arid not more
than 0.625 inch (15.9 mm) thick. The bond coat and mastic
shall be evaluated for compatibility and shall bond firmly
together.

1405.11.4 Installation at sidewalk level. Where glass
extends to a sidewalk surface, each section shall rest in an
approved metal molding, and be set at least 0.25 inch (6.4
mm) above the highest point of the sidewalk. The space
between the molding and the sidewalk shall be thoroughly
caulked and made water tight.

1405.11.4.1 Installation above sidewalk level. Where
thin exterior structural glass veneer is installed above the
level of the top of a bulkhead facing, or at a level more
than 36 inches (914 mm) above the sidewalk level, the
mastic cement binding shall be supplemented with
approved nonferrous metal shelf angles located in the
horizontal joints in every course. Such shelf angles shall
be not less than 0.0478-inch (1.2 nun) thick and not less
than 2 inches (51 mm) long and shall be spaced at
approved intervals, with not less than two angles for each
glass unit. Shelf angles shall be secured to the wall or
backing with expansion bolts, toggle bolts or by other
approved methods.

1405.11.5 Joints. Unless otherwise specifically approved
by the building official, abutting edges of thin exterior struc-
tural glass veneer shall be ground square. Mitered joints
shall not be used except where specifically approved for
wide angles. Joints shall be uniformly buttered with an
approved jointing compound and horizontal joints shall be
held to not less than 0.063 inch (1.6 mm) by an approved
nonrigid substance or device. Where thin exterior structural
glass veneer abuts nonresilient material at sides or top,
expansion joints not less than 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) wide shall
be provided.

1405.11.6 Mechanical fastenings. Thin exterior structural
glass veneer installed above the level of the heads of show
windows and veneer installed more than 12 feet (3658 mm)
above sidewalk level shall, in addition to the mastic cement
and shelf angles, be held in place by the use of fastenings at
each vertical or horizontal edge, or at the four comers of
each glass unit. Fastenings shall be secured to the wall or
backing with expansion bolts, toggle bolts or by other meth-
ods. Fastenings shall be so designed as to hold the glass
veneer in a vertical plane independent of the mastic cement.
Shelf angles providing both support and fastenings shall be
permitted.

1405.11.7 Flashing. Exposed edges of thin exterior struc-
tural glass veneer shall be flashed with overlapping corro-
sion-resistant metal flashing and caulked with a waterproof
compound in a manner to effectively prevent the entrance of
moisture between the glass veneer and the backing.

1405.12 Exterior windows and doors. Windows and doors
installed in exterior walls shall conform to the testing and per-
formance requirements of Section 1714.5.

1405.12.1 Installation. Windows and doors shall be
installed in accordance with approved manufacturer's
instructions. Fastener size and spacing shall be provided in
such instructions and shall be calculated based on maximum
loads and spacing used in the tests.

1405.12.2 Window sills. In Occupancy Groups R-2 and
R-3, one- and two-family and multiple-family dwellings,
where the opening of the sill portion of an operable window
is located more than 72 inches (1829 mm) above the fin-
ished grade or other surface below, the lowest part of the
clear opening of the window shall be a minimum of 24
inches (610 mm) above the finished floor surface of the
room in which the window is located. Glazing between the
floor and a height of 24 inches (610 mm) shall be fixed or
have openings such that a 4-inch (102 mm) diameter sphere
cannot pass.

Exception: Openings that are provided with window
guards that comply with ASTM F 2006 or F 2090.

1405.13 Vinyl siding. Vinyl siding conforming to the require-
ments of this section and complying with ASTM D 3679 shall
be permitted on exterior walls of buildings of Type V construc-
tion located in areas where the basic wind speed specified in
Chapter 16 does not exceed 100 miles per hour (45 m/s) and the
building height is less than or equal to 40 feet (12 192 mm) in
Exposure C. Where construction is located in areas where the
basic wind speed exceeds 100 miles per hour (45 m/s), or build-
ing heights are in excess of 40 feet (12 192 mm), tests or calcu-
lations indicating compliance with Chapter 16 shall be
submitted. Vinyl siding shall be secured to the building so as to
provide weather protection for the exterior walls of the build-
ing.

1405.13.1 Application. The siding shall be appUed over
sheathing or materials listed in Section 2304.6. Siding shall
be applied to conform with the water-resistive barrier
requirements in Section 1403. Siding and accessories shall
be installed in accordance with approved manufacturer's

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

619

EXTERIOR WALLS

instructions. Unless otherwise specified in the approved
manufacturer's instructions, nails used to fasten the siding
and accessories shall have a minimum 0.3 13-inch (7.9 mm)
head diameter and 0.125-inch (3.18 mm) shank diameter.
The nails shall be corrosion resistant and shaU be long
enough to penetrate the studs or nailing strip at least 0.75
inch (19 mm). Where the siding is installed horizontally, the
fastener spacing shall not exceed 16 inches (406 mm) hori-
zontally and 12 inches (305 mm) vertically. Where the sid-
ing is installed vertically, the fastener spacing shall not
exceed 12 inches (305 mm) horizontally and 12 inches (305
mm) vertically.

1405.14 Cement plaster. Cement plaster applied to exterior
vi'alls shall conform to the requirements specified in Chapter
25.

1405.15 Fiber cement siding. Fiber cement siding complying
with Section 1404.10 shall be permitted on exterior walls of
Type I, II, ni, rV and V construction for wind pressure resis-
tance or wind speed exposures as indicated in the manufac-
turer's compliance report and approved installation
instructions. Where specified, the siding shall be installed over
sheathing or materials listed in Section 2304.6 and shall be
installed to conform to the water-resistive barrier requirements
in Section 1403. Siding and accessories shaU be installed in
accordance with approved manufacturer's instructions. Unless
otherwise specified in the approved manufacturer's instruc-
tions, nails used to fasten the siding to wood studs shall be cor-
rosion-resistant round head smooth shank and shall be long
enough to penetrate the studs at least 1 inch (25 mm). For metal
framing, aU-r weather screws shall be used and shall penetrate
the metal framing at least three full threads.

1405.16 Fastening. Weather boarding and wall coverings shall
be securely fastened with aluminum, copper, zinc, zinc-coated
or other approved corrosion-resistant fasteners in accordance
with the nailing schedule in Table 2304.9.1 or the approved
manufacturer's installation instructions. Shingles and other
weather coverings shall be attached with appropriate stan-
dard-shingle nails to furring strips securely nailed to studs, or
with approved mechanically bonding nails, except where
sheathing is of wood not less than 1-inch (25 mm) nominal
thickness or of wood structural panels as specified in Table
2308.9.3(3).

1405.17 Fiber cement siding.

1405.17.1 Panel siding. Panels shall be installed with the
long dimension parallel to framing. Vertical joints shall
occur over framing members and shall be sealed with caulk-
ing or covered with battens. Horizontal joints shall be
flashed with Z-flashing and blocked with solid wood fram-
ing.

1405.17.2 Horizontal lap siding. Lap siding shall be
lapped a minimum of 1 V4 inches (32 mm) and shall have the
ends sealed with caulking, covered with an H-section joint
cover or located over a strip of flashing. Lap siding courses
shall be permitted to be installed with the fastener heads
exposed or concealed, according to approved manufactur-
ers' instructions.

SECTION 1406

COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS ON THE EXTERIOR

SIDE OF EXTERIOR WALLS

1406.1 General. Section 1406 shall apply to exterior wall cov-
erings; balconies and similar projections; and bay and oriel
windows constructed of combustible materials.

1406.2 Combustible exterior wall coverings. Colnbustible
exterior wall coverings shall comply with this section.

Exception: Plastics complying with Chapter 26.

1406.2.1 Ignition resistance. Combustible exterior wall
coverings shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 268.

Exceptions:

1. Wood or wood-based products.

2. Other combustible materials covered with an exte-
rior covering other than vinyl sidings listed in Ta-
ble 1405.2.

3. Aluminum having a minimum thickness of 0.019
inch (0.48 mm).

4. Exterior wall coverings on exterior walls of Type
V construction.

1406.2.1.1 Fire separation 5 feet or less. Where
installed on exterior walls having a fire separation dis-
tance of 5 feet (1524 mm) or less, combustible exterior
wall coverings shall not exhibit sustained flaming as
defined in NFPA 268.

TABLE 1406.2.1.2
MINIMUM FIRE SEPARATION FOR COMBUSTIBLE VENEERS

FIRE

TOLERABLE

FIRE

TOLERABLE

SEPARATION

LEVEL INCIDENT

SEPARATION

LEVEL INCIDENT

DISTANCE

RADIANT HEAT

DISTANCE

RADIANT HEAT

(feet)

ENERGY(kW/m^)

(feet)

ENERGY(kW/m2)

12.5

5.9

11.8

5.5

11.0

5.2

10.3

4.9

9.6

4.6

8.9

4.4

8.3

4.1

7.7

3.9

7.2

3.7

6.7

3.5

6.3

For Sr. 1 foot = 304.8 nun, 1 Btu/H^ x°F = 0.0057 kW/m^ x K.

1406.2.1.2 Fire separation greater than 5 feet. For fu'e
separation distances greater than 5 feet (1524 mm), an
assembly shall be permitted that has been exposed to a
reduced level of incident radiant heat flux in accordance
with the NFPA 268 test method without exhibiting sus-
tained flaming. The minimum fire separation distance
required for the assembly shall be determined from Table
1406.2. 1 .2 based on the maximum tolerable level of inci-
dent radiant heat flux that does not cause sustained flam-
ing of the assembly.

1406.2.2 Architectural trim. In buildings of Type I, E, III
and rV constraction that do not exceed three stories or 40

620

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

EXTERIOR WALLS

feet (12 192 mm) in height above grade plane, exterior wall
coverings shall be permitted to be constructed of wood
where permitted by Section 1405 .4 or other equivalent com-
bustible material. Combustible exterior wall coverings,
other than fire-retardant-treated wood complying with Sec-
tion 2303.2 for exterior installation, shall not exceed 10 per-
cent of an exterior wall surface area where the fire
separation distance is 5 feet (1524 mm) or less. Architec-
tural trim that exceeds 40 feet (12 192 mm) in height above
grade plane shall be constructed of approved
noncombustible materials and shall be secured to the wall
with metal or other approved noncombustible brackets.

1406.2.3 Location. Where combustible exterior wall cover-
ing is located along the top of exterior walls, such trim shall
be completely backed up by the exterior wall and shall not
extend over or above the top of exterior walls.

1406.2.4 Fireblocking. Where the combustible exterior
wall covering is furred from the wall and forms a solid sur-
face, the distance between the back of the covering and the
wall shall not exceed 1.625 inches (41 mm) and the space
thereby created shall be fireblocked in accordance with Sec-
tion 717.

1406.3 Balconies and similar projections. Balconies and
similar projections of combustible construction other than
fire-retardant-treated wood shall be fire-resistance rated in
accordance with Table 601 for floor construction or shall be of
Type rv construction in accordance with Section 602.4. The
aggregate length shall not exceed 50 percent of the building's
perimeter on each floor.

Exceptions:

1. On buildings of Type I and II construction, three sto-
ries or less in height, fire-retardant-treated wood shall
be permitted for balconies, porches, decks and exte-
rior stairways not used as required exits.

2. Untreated wood is permitted for pickets and rails or
similar guardrail devices that are limited to 42 inches
(1067 mm) in height.

3. Balconies and similar projections on buildings of
Type ni, rv and V construction shall be permitted to
be of Type V construction, and shall not be required to
have a fire-resistance rating where sprinkler protec-
tion is extended to these areas.

4. Where sprinkler protection is extended to the balcony
areas, the aggregate length of the balcony on each
floor shall not be limited.

1406.4 Bay windows and oriel windows. Bay and oriel win-
dows shall conform to the type of construction required for the
building to which they are attached.

Exception: Fire-retardant-treated wood shall be permitted
on buildings three stories or less of Type I, II, III and IV con-
struction.

SECTION 1407
METAL COMPOSITE MATERIALS (MCM)

1407.1 General. The provisions of this section shall govern the
materials, construction and quality of metal composite materi-

als (MCM) for use as exterior wall coverings in addition to
other applicable requirements of Chapters 14 and 16.

1407.1.1 Plastic core. The plastic core of the MCM shall
not contain foam plastic insulation as defined in Section
2602.1.

1407.2 Exterior wall finish. MCM used as exterior wall finish
or as elements of balconies and similar projections and bay and
oriel windows to provide cladding or weather resistance shall
comply with Sections 1407.4 through 1407.13.

1407.3 Architectural trim and embellishments. MCM used
as architectural trim or embellishments shall comply with Sec-
tions 1407.7 through 1407.13.

1407.4 Structural design. MCM systems shall be designed
and constructed to resist wind loads as required by Chapter 16
for components and cladding.

1407.5 Approval. Results of approved tests or an engineering
analysis shall be submitted to the building official to verify
compliance with the requirements of Chapter 16 for wind
loads.

1407.6 Weather resistance. MCM systems shall comply with
Section 1403 and shall be designed and constructed to resist
wind and rain in accordance with this section and the manufac-
turer's installation instructions.

1407.7 Durability. MCM systems shall be constructed of
approved materials that maintain the performance characteris-
tics required in Section 1407 for the duration of use.

1407.8 Fire-resistance rating. Where MCM systems are used
on exterior walls required to have a fire-resistance rating in
accordance with Section 704, evidence shall be submitted to
the building official that the required fire-resistance rating is
maintained.

1407.9 Surface-burning characteristics. Unless otherwise
specified, MCM shall have a flame spread index of 75 or less
and a smoke-developed index of 450 or less when tested as an
assembly in the maximum thickness intended for use in accor-
dance with ASTM E 84.

1407.10 Type I, II, in and IV construction. Where installed
on buildings of Type I, II, III and IV construction, MCM sys-
tems shall comply with Sections 1407. 10. 1 through 1407. 10.4,
or 1407.11.

1407.10.1 Surface-burning characteristics. MCM shall
have a flame spread. index of not more than 25 and a
smoke-developed index of not more than 450 when tested as
an assembly in the maximum thickness intended for use in
accordance with ASTM E 84.

1407.10.2 Thermal barriers. MCM shall be separated
from the interior of a building by an approved thermal bar-
rier consisting of 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard or
equivalent thermal barrier material that will limit the aver-
age temperature rise of the unexposed surface to not more
than 250°F (121°C) after 15 minutes of fire exposure in
accordance with the standard time-temperature curve of
ASTM E 1 19. The thermal barrier shall be installed in such a
manner that it will remain in place for not less than 15 min-
utes based on a test conducted in accordance with UL 1715.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

621

EXTERIOR WALLS

1407.10.3 Thermal barrier not required. The thermal
barrier specified for MCM in Section 1407.10.2 is not
required where:

1. The MCM system is specifically approved based on
tests conducted in accordance with UL 1040 or UL
1715. Such testing shall be performed with the MCM
in the maximum thickness intended for use. The
MCM system shall include seams, joints and other
typical details used in the installation and shall be
tested in the manner intended for use.

2. The MCM is used as elements of balconies and simi-
lar projections, architectural trim or embellishments.

1407.10.4 Full-scale tests. The MCM exterior wall assem-
bly shall be tested in accordance with, and comply with, the
acceptance criteria of NFPA 285. Such testing shall be per-
formed on the MCM system with the MCM in the maximum
thickness intended for use.

1407.11 Alternate conditions. MCM and MCM systems shall
not be requured to comply with Sections 1407.10.1 through
1407.10.4 provided such systems comply with Section
1407.11.1 or 1407.11.2.

1407.11.1 Installations up to 40 feet in height. MCM shall
not be installed more than 40 feet (12 190 nam) m height
above the grade plane where installed in accordance with
Sections 1407.11.1.1 and 1407.11.1.2.

1407.11.1.1 Fire separation distance of 5 feet or less.

Where the fire separation distance is 5 feet (1524 mm) or
less, the area of MCM shall not exceed 10 percent of the
exterior wall surface.

1407.11.1.2 Fire separation distance greater than 5
feet. Where the fire separation distance is greater than 5
feet (1524 nrni), there shall be no limit on the area of
exterior wall surface coverage using MCM.

1407.11.2 Installations up to 50 feet in height. MCM shall
not be installed more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) in height
above the grade plane where installed in accordance with
Sections 1407.11.2.1 and 1407.11.2.2.

1407.11.2.1 Self ignition temperature. MCM shall
have a self-ignition temperature of 650°F (343 °C) or
greater when tested in accordance with ASTM D 1929.

1407.11.2.2 Limitations. Sections of MCM shall not
exceed 300 square feet (27.9 m^) in area and shall be sep-
arated by a minimum of 4 feet (1219 mm) vertically.

1407.12 Type V construction. MCM shall be permitted to be
installed on buildings of Type V construction.

1407.13 Labeling. MCM shall be labeled in accordance with
Section 1703.5.

Veneer shall be anchored in a manner which will not allow
relative movement between the veneer and the wall.

Anchored or adhered veneer shall not be used on overhead
horizontal surfaces.

1408.2 Adhered veneer. Units of tile, masonry, stone or terra
cotta which exceed Vg inch (16 mm) in thickness shall be
applied as for anchored veneer where used over exit ways or
more than 20 feet (6096 mm) in height above adjacent ground
elevation.

1408.2.1 Bond strength and tests. Veneer shall develop a
bond to the backing in accordance with ACI 530, Section
6.3.2.4.

Not less than two shear tests shall be performed for the
adhered veneer between the units and the supporting ele-
ment. At least one shear test shall be performed at each
building for each 5, 000 square feet (465 m^) of floor area or
fraction thereof.

1408.3 Inspection. All veneer shall be inspected per Section
1704A.5.1.

SECTION 1408 [DSA-SS & OSHPD 1, 2 AND 4]

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ANCHORED

AND ADHERED VENEER

1408.1 General. In no case shall veneer be considered as part
of the backing in computing strength or deflection nor shall it
be considered a part of the required thickness of the backing.

622

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 15 - ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ciiapter

Adopt Entire Ciiapter as
annended (amended sections
listed beiow)

♦

Adopt only those sections that
are listed beiow

Chapter /Section

Codes

1505.1.1

1505.1.2

1505.1.3

1505.1.4

1505.6

Table 1505.1

1507.3.10

1507.7.7

1511

The ♦ designation indicates tliat the Office of the State Fire IVIarshal's adoption of this chapter or
individual sections is applicable to structures subject to HCD 1 and/or HCD 2 or DSA-SS.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

623

624 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 15

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

SECTION 1501
GENERAL

1501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
design, materials, construction and quality of roof assemblies,
and rooftop structures.

SECTION 1502
DEFINITIONS

1502.1 General. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

BUILT-UP ROOF COVERING. Two or more layers of felt
cemented together and surfaced with a cap sheet, mineral
aggregate, smooth coating or similar surfacing material.

INTERLAYMENT. A layer of felt or nonbituminous satu-
rated felt not less than 18 inches (457 mm) wide, shingled
between each course of a wood-shake roof covering.

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SCREEN. A partially
enclosed rooftop structure used to aesthetically conceal heat-
ing, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) electrical or
mechanical equipment from view.

METAL ROOF PANEL. An interlocking metal sheet having
a minimum installed weather exposure of 3 square feet (0.279
m^) per sheet.

METAL ROOF SHINGLE. An interlocking metal sheet hav-
ing an installed weather exposure less than 3 square feet (0.279
m^) per sheet.

MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOF COVERING. One or more
layers of polymer-modified asphalt sheets. The sheet materials
shall be fully adhered or mechanically attached to the substrate
or held in place with an approved ballast layer.

PENTHOUSE. An enclosed, unoccupied structure above the
roof of a building, other than a tank, tower, spire, dome cupola
or bulkhead, occupying not more than one-third of the roof
area.

POSITIVE ROOF DRAINAGE. The drainage condition in
which consideration has been made for all loading deflections
of the roof deck, and additional slope has been provided to
ensure drainage of the roof within 48 hours of precipitation.

REROOFING. The process of recovering or replacing an
existing roof covering. See "Roof recover" and "Roof replace-
ment."

ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide weather
protection and resistance to design loads. The system consists
of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component serving
as both the roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly
includes the roof deck, vapor retarder, substrate or thermal bar-
rier, insulation, vapor retarder and roof covering.

ROOF COVERING. The covering applied to the roof deck
for weather resistance, fire classification or appearance.

ROOF COVERING SYSTEM. See "Roof assembly. "

ROOF DECK. The flat or sloped surface not including its sup-
porting members or vertical supports.

ROOF RECOVER. The process of installing an additional
roof covering over a prepared existing roof covering without
removing the existing roof covering,

ROOF REPAIR. Reconstruction or renewal of any part of an
existing roof for the purposes of its maintenance.

ROOF REPLACEMENT. The process of removing the exist-
ing roof covering, repairing any damaged substrate and install-
ing a new roof covering.

ROOF VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process
of supplying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing
such air from, attics, cathedral ceilings or other enclosed spaces
over which a roof assembly is installed.

ROOFTOP STRUCTURE. An enclosed structure on or
above the roof of any part of a building.

SCUPPER. An opening in a wall or parapet that allows water
to drain from a roof.

SINGLE-PLY MEMBRANE. A roofing membrane that is
field apphed using one layer of membrane material (either
homogeneous or composite) rather than multiple layers.

UNDERLAYMENT. One or more layers of felt, sheathing
paper, nonbituminous saturated felt or other approved material
over which a steep-slope roof covering is applied.

SECTION 1503
WEATHER PROTECTION

1503.1 General. Roof decks shall be covered with approved
roof coverings secured to the building or structure in accor-
dance with the provisions of this chapter. Roof coverings shall
be designed, installed and maintained in accordance with this
code and the approved manufacturer's instructions such that
the roof covering shall serve to protect the building or structure.

1503.2 Flashing. Flashing shall be installed in such a manner
so as to prevent moisture entering the wall and roof through
joints in copings, through moisture-permeable materials and at
intersections with parapet walls and other penetrations through
the roof plane.

1503.2.1 Locations. Flashing shall be installed at wall and
roof intersections, at gutters, wherever there is a change in
roof slope or direction and around roof openings. Where
flashing is of metal, the metal shall be corrosion resistant
with a thickness of not less than 0.019 inch (0.483 mm) (No.
26 galvanized sheet).

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

625

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

1503.3 Coping. Parapet walls shall be properly coped with
noncombustible, weatherproof materials of a width no less
than the thickness of the parapet wall.

1503.4 Roof drainage. Design and installation of roof drain-
age systems shall comply with the California Plumbing Code.

1503.4.1 Gutters. Gutters and leaders placed on the outside
of buildings, other than Group R-3, private garages and
buildings of Type V construction, shall be of
noncombustible material or a minimum of Schedule 40
plastic pipe.

1503.5 Roof ventilation. Intake and exhaust vents shall be pro-
vided in accordance with Section 1203.2 and the manufac-
turer's installation instructions.

SECTION 1504
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

1504.1 Wind resistance of roofs. Roof decks and roof cover-
ings shall be designed for wind loads in accordance with Chap-
ter 16 and Sections 1504.2, 1504.3 and 1504.4.

1504.1.1 Wind resistance of asphalt shingles. Asphalt
shingles shall be installed in accordance with Section
1507.2.7. For roofs located where the basic wind speed in
accordance with Figure 1609 is 1 10 mph or greater, asphalt
shingles shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 3161,
Class F. As an alternative, load and wind resistance of
asphalt shingle roof coverings shall be determined in accor-
dance with Section 1609.5.2.

1504.2 Wind resistance of clay and concrete tile. Clay and
concrete tile roof coverings shall be connected to the roof deck
in accordance with Chapter 16.

1504.2.1 Alternative test method. Testing the acceptabil-
ity of special fastening methods using the methodology in
this section is permitted. The wind-induced uplift force on
the shingle shall be determined using the method in UL
2390. The resistance of the shingle to the uplift force shall
be determined using ASTM D 6381. Shingles passing this
test shall be considered suitable for roofs located where the
basic wind speed per Figure 1609 is as given in Table
1504.2.1.

Classification requires that the resistance of the shingle to
wind uplift, measured using the method in ASTM D 6381,
exceed the calculated load imposed by wind in the applica-
ble zone as determined using UL 2390.

Classification by this method applies to buildings less
than 60 feet (18 288 mm) high and with Wind Exposures B
and C only in an Occupancy Category of I or II. Wrappers of
shingle bundles that have been quaUfied using this alterna-
tive method shall be labeled with the tested wind classifica-
tion and reference UL 2390/ASTM D 6381.

1504.3 Wind resistance of nonballasted roofs. Roof cover-
ings installed on roofs in accordance with Section 1507 that are
mechanically attached or adhered to the roof deck shall be
designed to resist the design wind load pressures for cladding
in Chapter 16.

TABLE 1504.2.1

ROOF COVERING CLASSIFICATION USING ALTERNATIVE

METHOD

MAXIMUM BASIC
WIND SPEED (mph)

ASTM D 6381
CLASSIFICATION

Class D

120

Class G

150

Class H

For SI: 1 mile per hour = 0.447m/s.

1504.3.1 Other roof systems. Roof systems with built-up,
modified bitumen, fully adhered or mechanically attached
single-ply through fastened metal panel roof systems, and
other types of membrane roof coverings shall also be tested
in accordance with FM 4450, FM 4470, UL 580 or UL
1897.

1504.3.2 Metal panel roof systems. Metal panel roof sys-
tems through fastened or standing seam shall be tested in
accordance with UL 580 or ASTM E 1592.

Exception: Metal roofs constructed of cold-formed
steel, where the roof deck acts as the roof covering and
provides both weather protection and support for struc-
tural loads, shall be permitted to be designed and tested
in accordance with tiie applicable referenced structural
design standard in Section 2209.1.

1504.4 Ballasted low-slope roof systems. Ballasted low-slope
(roof slope < 2:12) single-ply roof system coverings installed
in accordance with Section 1507 shall be designed in accor-
dance wifli Section 1504.8 and ANSI/SPRI RP-4.

1504.5 Edge securement for low-slope roofs. Low-slope
membrane roof system metal edge securement, except gutters,
shall be designed and installed for wind loads in accordance
with Chapter 16 and tested for resistance in accordance with
ANSI/SPRI ES-1, except the basic wind speed shall be deter-
mined from Figure 1609.

1504.6 Physical properties. Roof coverings installed on
low-slope roofs (roof slope < 2: 12) in accordance with Section
1507 shall demonstrate physical integrity over the working life
of the roof based upon 2,000 hours of exposure to accelerated
weathering tests conducted in accordance with ASTM G 152,
ASTM G 155 or ASTM G 154. Those roof coverings that are
subject to cychcal flexural response due to wind loads shall not
demonstrate any significant loss of tensile strength for
unreinforced membranes or breaking strength for reinforced
membranes when tested as herein required.

1504.7 Impact resistance. Roof coverings installed on
low-slope roofs (roof slope < 2: 12) in accordance with Section
1507 shall resist impact damage based on the results of tests
conducted in accordance with ASTM D 3746, ASTM D 4272,
CGSB 37-GP-52M or the "Resistance to Foot Traffic Test" in
Section 5.5 of FM 4470.

1504.8 Gravel and stone. Gravel or stone shall not be used on
the roof of a building located in a hurricane-prone region as
defined in Section 1609.2, or on any otiier building with a mean
roof height exceeding that permitted by Table 1504.8 based on
the exposure category and basic wind speed at the building site.

626

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

TABLE 1504.8

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MEAN ROOF HEIGHT PERMITTED FOR

BUILDINGS WITH GRAVEL OR STONE ON THE ROOF IN AREAS

OUTSIDE A HURRICANE-PRONE REGION

BASIC WIND SPEED

FROM FIGURE 1609

(mph)"

MAXIMUM MEAN ROOF HEIGHT (ft)"'"

Exposure category

170

110

100

105

110

115

120

Greater than 120

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm; 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.

a. Mean roof height in accordance with Section 1609.2.

b. For intermediate values of basic wind speed, the height associated with the
next higher value of wind speed shall be used, or direct interpolation is per-
mitted.

c. NP = gravel and stone not permitted for any roof height.

SECTION 1505
FIRE CLASSIFICATION

1505.1 General. Roof assemblies shall be divided into the
classes defined below. Class A, B and C roof assemblies and
roof coverings required to be listed by this section shall be
tested in accordance with ASTM E 108 or UL 790. In addition,
fire-retardant-treated wood roof coverings shall be tested in
accordance with ASTM D 2898. The minimum roof coverings
installed on buildings shall comply with Table 1505. 1 based on
the type of construction of the building.

Exception: Skylights and sloped glazing that comply with
Chapter 24 or Section 2610.

TABLE 1505.r

MINIMUM ROOF COVERING CLASSIFICATION

FOR TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

Iffi

niA

niB

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.

a. Unless otherwise required in accordance with Chapter 7A.

1505.1.1 Real coverings within very high fire hazard
severity zones. The entire roof covering of every existing
structure where more than 50 percent of the total roof area is
replaced within any one-year period, the entire roof cover-
ing of every new structure, and any roof covering applied in
the alteration, repair or replacement of the roof of every
existing structure, shall he a fire-retardant roof covering
that is at least Class A.

Exception: The requirements shall not apply in any
jurisdiction that adopts the model ordinance approved
by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 51189 of
the Government Code or an ordinance that substantially

conforms to the model ordinance and transmits a copy to
the State Fire Marshal.

1505.1.2 Real coverings within state responsibility areas.

The entire roof covering of every existing structure where
more than 50 percent of the total roof area is replacedwithin
any one-year period, the entire roof covering of every new
structure and any roof covering applied in the alteration,
repair or replacement of the roof of every existing structure
shall be a fire-retardant roof covering that is at least Class
B.

Exception: Areas designated as moderate fire hazard
severity zones.

1505.1.3 Roof coverings within all other areas. The entire
roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50
percent of the total roof area is replacedwithin any one-year
period, the entire roof covering of every new structure, and
any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair or
replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a
fire-retardant roof covering that is at least Class C.

1505.1.4 Roofing requirements in a Wildland-Urban
Interface Fire Area. Roofing requirements for structures
located in a Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area shall also
comply with Section 704A.1.

1505.2 Class A roof assemblies. Class A roof assemblies are
those that are effective against severe fire test exposure. Class
A roof assemblies and roof coverings shall be listed and identi-
fied as Class A by an approved testing agency. Class A roof
assemblies shall be permitted for use in buildings or structures
of all types of construction.

Exception: Class A roof assemblies include those with cov-
erings of brick, masonry, slate, clay or concrete roof tile,
exposed concrete roof deck, ferrous or copper shingles or
sheets.

1505.3 Class B roof assemblies. Class B roof assemblies are
those that are effective against moderate fire-test exposure.
Class B roof assembhes and roof coverings shall be listed and
identified as Class B by an approved testing agency.

Exception: Class B roof assemblies include those with cov-
erings of metal sheets and shingles.

1505.4 Class C roof assemblies. Class C roof assemblies are
those that are effective against light fibre-test exposure. Class C
roof assemblies and roof coverings shall be listed and identi-
fied as Class C by an approved testing agency.

1505.5 Nonclassified roofing. Nonclassified roofing is
approved material that is not listed as a Class A, B or C roof
covering.

1505.6 Fire-retardant-treated wood shingles and shakes.

Fire-retardant-treated wood shakes and shingles are wood
shakes and shingles complying with UBC Standard 15-3 or
15-4 which are impregnated by the full-cell vacuum-pressure
process with fire-retardant chemicals, and which have been
qualified by UBC Standard 15-2 for use on Class A, B or C
roofs.

Fire-retardant-treated wood shakes and shingles shall com-
ply with ICC-ES EG107 and with the weathering requirements
contained in Health and Safety Code Section 13132. 7(j). Each

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

627

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

bundle shall bear labels from an ICC accredited quality control
agency identifying their roof-covering classification and indi-
cating their compliance with ICC-ES EG107 and with the
weathering requirements contained in Health and Safety Code
Section 13132.7(j).

Health and Safety Code Section 13132.7(j). No wood roof
covering materials shall be sold or applied in this state unless
both of the following conditions are met:

(1) The materials have been approved and listed by the
State Fire Marshal as complying with the requirements
of this section.

(2) The materials have passed at least five years of the
10-year natural weathering test. The 10-year natural
weathering test required by this subdivision shall be
conducted in accordance with standard 15-2 of the
1994 edition of the Uniform Building Code at a testing
facility recognized by the State Fire Marshal.

1505.7 Special purpose roofs. Special purpose wood shingle
or wood shake roofing shall conform with the grading and
application requirements of Section 1507.8 or 1507.9. In addi-
tion, an underlayment of 0.625-inch (15.9 mm) Type X
water-resistant gypsum backing board or gypsum sheathing
shall be placed under minimum nominal 0.5-inch-thick (12.7
Tcaa) wood structural panel solid sheathing or 1-inch (25 mm)
nominal spaced sheathing.

SECTION 1506
MATERIALS

1506.1 Scope. The requirements set forth in this section shall
apply to the application of roof-covering materials specified
herein. Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance with this
chapter and the manufacturer's installation instructions. Instal-
lation of roof coverings shall.comply with the applicable provi-
sions of Section 1507.

1506.2 CompatibUity of materials. Roofs and roof coverings
shall be of materials that are compatible with each other and
with the building or structure to which the materials are
applied.

1506.3 Material specifications and physical characteristics.

Roof-covering materials shall conform to the applicable stan-
dards Usted in this chapter. In the absence of applicable stan-
dards or where materials are of questionable suitability, testing
by an approved agency shall be required by the building official
to determine the character, quality and limitations of
apphcation of the materials.

1506.4 Product identification. Roof-covering materials shall
be delivered in packages bearing the manufacturer's identify-
ing marks and approved testing agency labels required in
accordance with Section 1505. Bulk shipments of materials
shall be accompanied with the same information issued in the
form of a certificate or on a bill of lading by the manufacturer.

SECTION 1507
REQUIREMENTS FOR ROOF COVERINGS

1507.1 Scope. Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance
with the apphcable provisions of this section and the manufac-
turer's installation instructions.

1507.2 Asphalt shingles. The installation of asphalt shingles
shall comply with the provisions of this section.

1507.2.1 Deck requirements. Asphalt shingles shall be fas-
tened to solidly sheathed decks.

1507.2.2 Slope. Asphalt shingles shall only be used on roof
slopes of two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-per-
cent slope) or greater. For roof slopes from two units vertical
in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope) up to four units ver-
tical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope), double
underlayment application is required in accordance with
Section 1507.2.8.

1507.2.3 Underlayment. Unless otherwise noted, required
underlayment shall conform to ASTM D 226, Type I,
ASTM D 4869, Type I, or ASTM D 6757.

1507.2.4 Self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet.

Self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall com-
ply with ASTM D 1970.

1507.2.5 Asphalt shingles. Asphalt shingles shall have
self -seal strips or be interlocking and comply with ASTM D
225 or ASTM D 3462. Asphalt shingle packaging shall bear
labeling indicating comphance with ASTM D 3 1 6 1 or a list-
ing by an approved testing agency in accordance with the
requirements of Section 1609.5.2.

1507.2.6 Fasteners. Fasteners for asphalt shingles shall be
galvanized, stainless steel, aluminum or copper roofing
nails, minimum 12 gage [0. 105 inch (2.67 mm)] shank with
a minimum 0.375 inch-diameter (9.5 mm) head, of a length
to penetrate through the roofing materials and a minimum of
0.75 inch (1 9. 1 mm) into the roof sheathing. Where the roof
sheathing is less than 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) thick, the nails
shall penetrate through the sheathitig. Fasteners shall
comply with ASTM F 1667.

1507.2.7 Attachment. Asphalt shingles shall have the min-
imum number of fasteners required by the manufacturer and
Section 1504. 1 . Asphalt shingles shall be secured to the roof
with not less than four fasteners per strip shingle or two fas-
teners per individual shingle. Where the roof slope exceeds
20 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (166-percent slope),
asphalt shingles shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's printed installation instructions for
steep-slope roof applications.

1507.2.8 Underlayment application. For roof slopes from
two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope)
and up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-per-
cent slope), underlayment shall be two layers applied in the
following manner. Apply a minimum 19-inch- wide (483
mm) strip of underlayment felt parallel with and starting at
the eaves, fastened sufficiently to hold in place. Starting at
the eave, apply 36-inch-wide (914 mm) sheets of
underlayment overlapping successive sheets 19 inches (483
mm), by fastened sufficiently to hold in place. Distortions in

628

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

the underlayment shall not interfere with the ability of the
shingles to seal. For roof slopes of four units vertical in 12
units horizontal (33-percent slope) or greater, underlayment
shall be one layer applied in the following manner.
Underlayment shall be applied shingle fashion, parallel to
and starting from the eave and lapped 2 inches (5 1 mm), fas-
tened sufficiently to hold in place. Distortions in the
underlayment shall not interfere with the ability of the
shingles to seal.

1507.2.8.1 High wind attachment. Underlayment
applied in areas subject to high winds (greater than 1 10
mph in accordance with Figure 1609) shall be applied
with corrosion- resistant fasteners in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. Fasteners are to be applied
along the overlap at a maximum spacing of 36 inches
(914 mm) on center.

1507.2.8.2 Ice dam membrane. In areas where there has
been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a
backup of water, a membrane that consists of at least two
layers of underlayment cemented together or of a
self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall be
used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the

, eave's edge to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside
the exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that con-
tain no conditioned floor area.

1507.2.9 Flashings. Flashing for asphalt shingles shall
comply with this section. Flashing shall be applied in accor-
dance with this section and the asphalt shingle manufac-
turer's printed instructions.

1507.2.9.1 Base and cap flashing. Base and cap flash-
ing shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer's instructions. Base flashing shall be of either
corrosion-resistant metal of minimum nominal
0.019-inch (0.483 mm) thickness or mineral-surfaced
roll roofing weighing a minimum of 77 pounds per 100
square feet (3.76 kg/m^). Cap flashing shall be corro-
sion-resistant metal of minimum nominal 0.019-inch
(0.483 mm) thickness.

1507.2.9.2 Valleys. Valley linings shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions before
applying shingles. Valley linings of the following types
shall be permitted:

1 . For open valleys (valley lining exposed) lined with
metal, the valley lining shall be at least 16 inches
(406 mm) wide and of any of the corrosion-resis-
tant metals in Table 1507.2.9.2.

2. For open valleys, valley lining of two plies of min-
eral-surfaced roll roofing complying with ASTM
D 3909 or ASTM D 6380 shall be permitted. The
bottom layer shall be 18 inches (457 mm) and the
top layer a minimum of 36 inches (914 mm) wide.

3. For closed valleys (valleys covered with shingles),
valley lining of one ply of smooth roll roofing
complying with ASTM D 6380, Class S Type IH,
Class M Type 11 or ASTM D 3909 and at least 36
inches (914 mm) wide or types as described in
Items 1 and 2 above shall be permitted. Specialty
underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 1970.

1507.2.9.3 Drip edge. Provide drip edge at eaves and
gables of shingle roofs. Overlap to be a minimum of 2
inches (51 mm). Eave drip edges shall extend 0.25 inch
(6.4 mm) below sheathing and extend back on the roof a
minimum of 2 inches (51 mm). Drip edge shall be
mechanically fastened a maximum of 12 inches (305
mm) o.c.

1507.2.9.4 Crickets and saddles. A cricket or saddle
shall be installed on the ridge side of any chimney or pen-
etration greater than 30 inches (762 mm) wide as mea-
sured perpendicular to the slope. Cricket or saddle
coverings shall be sheet metal or of the same material as
the roof covering.

1507.3 Clay and concrete tile. The installation of clay and
concrete tile shall comply with the provisions of this section.

1507.3.1 Deck requirements. Concrete and clay tile shall
be installed only over solid sheathing or spaced sti-uctural
sheathing boards.

TABLE 1507.2.9.2
VALLEY LINING MATERIAL

MATERIAL

MINIMUM THICKNESS

GAGE

WEIGHT

Aluminum

0.024 in.

Cold-rolled copper

0.0216 in.

ASTM B 370, 16 oz. per square ft.

Copper

16 oz

Galvanized steel

0.0179 in.

26 (zinc-coated G90)

High-yield copper

0.0162 in.

ASTM B 370, 12 oz. per square ft.

Lead

2.5 pounds

Lead-coated copper

0.0216 in.

ASTM B 101, 16 oz. per square ft

Lead-coated high-yield copper

0.0162 in.

ASTM B 101, 12 oz. per square ft.

Painted teme

20 pounds

Stainless steel

Zinc alloy

0.027 in.

—

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 ounce = 28.35 g.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

629

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

1507.3.2 Deck slope. Clay and concrete roof tile shall be
installed on roof slopes of 2V2 units vertical in 12 units hori-
zontal (21 -percent slope) or greater. For roof slopes from
2V2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (21-percent slope) to
four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope),
double underlayment application is required in accordance
vi'ith Section 1507.3.3.

1507.3.3 Underlayment. Unless otherwise noted, required
underlayment shall conform to: ASTM D 226, Type II;
ASTMD 2626 or ASTMD 6380, Class M mineral-surfaced
roll roofing.

1507.3.3.1 Low-slope roofs. For roof slopes from 2V2
units vertical in 12 units horizontal (21-percent slope),
up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent
slope), underlayment shall be a minimum of two layers
applied as follows:

1. Starting at the eave, a 19-inch (483 mm) strip of
underlayment shall be appUed parallel with the
eave and fastened sufficiently in place.

2. Starting at the eave, 36-inch-wide (914 mm) strips
of underlayment felt shall be applied overlapping
successive sheets 19 inches (483 mm) and fastened
sufficiently in place.

1507.3.3.2 High-slope roofs. For roof slopes of four
units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope) or
greater, underlayment shall be a minimum of one layer of
underlayment felt applied shingle fashion, parallel to,
and starting from the eaves and lapped 2 inches (5 1 mm),
fastened only as necessary to hold in place.

1507.3.4 Clay tUe. Clay roof tile shall comply with ASTM
C 1167.

1507.3.5 Concrete tile. Concrete roof tile shall comply
witii ASTM C 1492.

1507.3.6 Fasteners. Tile fasteners shall be corrosion resis-
tant and not less than 1 1 gage, Vig-inch (8.0 mm) head, and
of sufficient length to penetrate the deck a minimum of 0.75
inch (19.1 nam) or through the thickness of the deck, which-
ever is less. Attaching wire for clay or concrete tUe shall not
be smaller than 0.083 inch (2.1 mm). Perimeter fastening
areas include three tile courses but not less than 36 inches
(914 ram) from either side of hips or ridges and edges of
eaves and gable rakes.

1507.3.7 Attachment. Clay and concrete roof tiles shall be
fastened in accordance with Table 1507.3.7.

1507.3.8 Application. Tile shall be apphed according to the
manufacturer's installation instructions, based on the fol-
lowing:

1. Chmatic conditions.

2. Roof slope.

3. Underlayment system.

4. Type of tile being installed.

1507.3.9 Flashing. At the juncture of the roof vertical sur-
faces, flashing and counterflashing shall be provided in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instinic-

tions, and where of metal, shall not be less than 0.019-inch
(0.48 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resis-
tant metal. The valley flashing shall extend at least 1 1 inches
(279 mm) from the centerUne each way and have a splash
diverter rib not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high at the flow line
formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall
have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). For roof
slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-per-
cent slope) and over, the valley flashing shall have a
36-inch-wide (914 mm) underlayment of either one layer of
Type I underlayment running the full length of the valley, or
a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet complying
with ASTM D 1970, in addition to other required
underlayment. In areas where the average daily temperature
in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibil-
ity of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water,
the metal valley flashing underlayment shall be solid
cemented to the roofing underlayment for slopes under
seven units vertical in 12 units horizontal (58-percent slope)
or self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be
installed.

1507.3.10 Additional requirements. [DSA-SS & OSHPD
1, 2 and 4] In addition to the requirements of Sections
1507.3.6 and 1507.3. 7, the installation of clay and concrete
tile roof coverings shall comply with seismic anchorage pro-
visions of Section 1511.

1507.4 Metal roof panels. The installation of metal roof pan-
els shall comply with the provisions of this section.

1507.4.1 Deck requirements. Metal roof panel roof cover-
ings shall be applied to a solid or closely fitted deck, except
where the roof covering is specifically designed to be
appUed to spaced supports.

1507.4.2 Deck slope. Minimum slopes for metal roof pan-
els shall comply with the following:

1. The minimum slope for lapped, nonsoldered seam
metal roofs without apphed lap sealant shall be three
units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent
slope).

2. The minimum slope for lapped, nonsoldered seam
metal roofs with applied lap sealant shall be one-half
unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope).
Lap sealants shall be applied in accordance with the
approved manufacturer's installation instructions.

3. The minimum slope for standing seam of roof sys-
tems shall be one-quarter unit vertical in 12 units hori-
zontal (2-percent slope).

1507.4.3 Material standards. Metal-sheet roof covering
systems that incorporate supporting structural members
shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 22.
Metal-sheet roof coverings installed over structural decking
shall comply with Table 1507.4.3.(1). The materials used
for metal-sheet roof coverings shall be naturally corrosion
resistant or provided with corrosion resistance in accor-
dance with the standards and minimum thicknesses shown
in Table 1507.4.3(2).

630

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

TABLE 1507.3.7
CLAY AND CONCRETE TILE ATTACHIVIENr'>'=

GENERAL— CLAY OR CONCRETE ROOF TILE

Maximum basic

wind speed

(mph)

Mean roof
height
(feet)

Roof slope up to < 3:12

Roof slope 3:12 and over

0-60

One fastener per tile. Flat tile
without vertical laps, two
fasteners per tile.

Two fasteners per tile. Only one fastener on slopes of 7: 12 and less for tiles with
installed weight exceeding 7.5 Ibs./sq. ft. having a width no greater than 16
inches.

100

0-40

100

> 40-50

The head of all tiles shall be nailed. The nose of all eave tiles shall be fastened with approved clips. All rake
tiles shall be nailed with two nails. The nose of all ridge, hip and rake tiles shall be set in a bead of roofer's
mastic.

110

0-60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

120

0-60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

130

0-60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

All

>60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

INTERLOCKING CLAY OR CONCRETE ROOF TILE WITH PROJECTING ANCHOR LUGS''^
(Installations on spaced/solid sheathing witli battens or spaced slieathing)

iVIaximum basic

wind speed

(mph)

Mean roof
height
(feet)

Roof slope up to < 5:12

Roof slope 5:12 < 12:12

Roof slope 12:12 and over

0-50

Fasteners are not required.
Tiles with installed weight
less than 9 Ibs./sq. ft. require a
minimum of one fastener per
tile.

One fastener per tile every other
row. All perimeter tiles require
one fastener. Tiles with installed
weight less than 9 Ibs./sq. ft.
require a minimum of one
fastener per tile.

One fastener requured for every tile. Tiles
with installed weight less than 9 Ibs./sq. ft.
require a minimum of one fastener per tile.

100

0-40

100

> 40-50

The head of all tiles shall be nailed. The nose of all eave tiles shall be fastened with approved clips. All rake
tiles shall be nailed with two nails The nose of all ridge, hip and rake tiles shall be set in a bead of roofers' s
mastic.

110

0-60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

120

0-60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

130

0-60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

All

>60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

INTERLOCKING CLAY OR CONCRETE ROOF TILE WITH PROJECTING ANCHOR LUGS
(Installations on solid sheathing without battens)

IVIaximum basic

wind speed

(mph)

Mean roof
height
(feet)

All roof slopes

0-60

One fastener per tile.

100

0-40

One fastener per tile.

100

> 40-50

110

0-60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

120

0-60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

130

0-60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

All

>60

The fastening system shall resist the wind forces in Section 1609.5.2.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s, 1 pound per square foot = 4.882 kgin^.

a. Minimum fastener size. Corrosion-resistant nails not less than No. 1 1 gage with ^ij-inch head. Fasteners shall be long enough to penetrate into the sheathing 0.75
inch or through the thickness of the sheathing, whichever is less. Attaching wire for clay and concrete tile shall not be smaller than 0.083 inch.

b. Snow areas. A minimum of two fasteners per tile are required or battens and one festener.

c. Roof slopes greater than 24: 12. The nose of all tiles shall be securely festened.

d. Horizontal battens. Battens shall be not less than linch by 2 inch nominal. Provisions shall be made for drainage by a minimum of Vg-inch riser at each nail or by
4-foot-long battens with at least a 0.5-inch separation between battens. Horizontal battens are required for slopes wer 7:12.

e. Perimeter fastening areas include three tile courses but not less than 36 inches from either side of hips or ridges and edges of eaves and gable rakes.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

631

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

TABLE 1507.4.3(1)
METAL ROOF COVERINGS

ROOF COVERING TYPE

STANDARD APPLICATION
RATEA-HICKNESS

Aluminum

ASTM B 209, 0.024 inch minimum
thickness for roll-formed panels and 0.019
inch minimum thickness for press-formed
shingles.

Aluminum-zinc alloy
coated steel

ASTM A 792 AZ 50

Cold-rolled copper

ASTM B 370 minimum 16 oz/sq. ft. and
12 oz./sq. ft. high yield copper for
metal-sheet roof covering systems: 12
oz/sq. ft. for preformed metal shingle
systems.

Copper

16 oz,/sq. ft. for metal-sheet roof-covering
systems; 12 oz./sq. ft. for preformed metal
shingle systems.

Galvanized steel

ASTM A 653 G-90 zinc-coated^

Hard lead

2 lbs./sq. ft.

Lead-coated copper

ASTM B 101

Prepainted steel

ASTM A 755

Soft lead

3 lbs./sq. ft.

Stainless steel

ASTM A 240, 300 Series Alloys

Steel

ASTM A 924

Teme and
teme-coated stainless

Teme coating of 40 lbs. per double base
box, field painted where applicable in
accordance with manufacturer's
installation instructions.

Zinc

0.027 inch minimum thickness; 99.995%
electrolytic high grade zinc with alloy
additives of copper (0.08% - 0.20%),
titanium (0.07% - 0.12%) and aluminum
(0.015%).

For SI: 1 ounce per square foot = 0.0026 kg/m^,

1 pound per square foot = 4.882 kg/m^,

1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
a. For Group U buildings, the minimum coating thickness for ASTM A 653
galvanized steel roofing shall be G-60.

TABLE 1507.4.3(2)
MINIMUM CORROSION RESISTANCE

55% Aluminum-Zinc Alloy Coated Steel

ASTM A 792 AZ 50

5% Aluminum Alloy-coated steel

ASTM A875 GF60

Aluminum-coated steel

ASTMA463T2 65

Galvanized Steel

ASTM A 653 G-90

Prepainted Steel

ASTM A 755=

a. Paint systems in accordance with ASTM A 755 shall be applied over steel
products with corrosion resistant coatings complying with ASTM A 792,
ASTM A 875, ASTM A 463, or ASTM A 653.

1507.4.4 Attachment. Metal roof panels shall be secured to
the supports in accordance with the approved manufac-

turer's fasteners. In the absence of manufacturer
recommendations, the following fasteners shall be used:

1. Galvanized fasteners shall be used for steel roofs.

2. 300 series stainless-steel fasteners shall be used for
copper roofs.

3 . Stainless-steel fasteners are acceptable for all types of
metal roofs.

1507.5 Metal roof shingles. The installation of metal roof
shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.

1507.5.1 Deck requirements. Metal roof shingles shall be
applied to a solid or closely fitted deck, except where the
roof covering is specifically designed to be applied to
spaced sheathing.

1507.5.2 Declc slope. Metal roof shingles shall not be
installed on roof slopes below three units vertical in 1 2 units
horizontal (25-percent slope).

1507.5.3 Underlayment. Underlayment shall comply with
ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869. In areas where there
has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a
backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at least two
layers of underlayment cemented together or of a
self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be
used in lieu of normal Underlayment and extend fi-om the
eave's edge to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the
exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain
no conditioned floor area.

1507.5.4 Material standards. Metal roof shingle roof cov-
erings shall comply with Table 1507.4.3(1). The materials
used for metal-roof shingle roof coverings shall be naturally
corrosion resistant or provided with corrosion resistance in
accordance with the standards and minimum thicknesses
specified in the standards listed in Table 1507.4.3(2).

1507.5.5 Attachment. Metal roof shingles shall be secured
to the roof in accordance with the approved manufacturer's
installation instructions.

1507.5.6 Flashing. Roof valley flashing shall be of corro-
sion-resistant metal of the same material as the roof cover-
ing or shall comply with the standards in Table 1507.4.3(1).
The valley flashing shall extend at least 8 inches (203 imn)
from the centerline each way and shall have a splash diverter
rib not less than 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) high at the flow line
formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall
have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). In areas
where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F
(-4°C) or less or where there is a possibiUty of ice forming
along the eaves causing a backup of water, the metal valley
flashing shall have a 36-inch-wide (914 mm) underlayment
directly under it consisting of either one layer of
underlayment running the full length of the valley or a
self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet complying
with ASTM D 1970, in addition to underlayment required
for metal roof shingles. The metal valley flashing
underlayment shall be solidly cemented to the roofing
underlayment for roof slopes under seven units vertical in

632

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

12 units horizontal (58-percent slope) or self-adhering
polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be installed.

1507.6 Mineral-surfaced roll roofing. The installation of
mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall comply with this section.

1507.6.1 Deck requirements. Mineral-surfaced roll roof-
ing shall be fastened to solidly sheathed roofs.

1507.6.2 Deck slope. Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall
not be applied on roof slopes below one unit vertical in 12
units horizontal (8-percent slope). ,

1507.6.3 Underlayment. Underlayment shall comply with
ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869 . In areas where there
has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a
backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at least two
layers of underlayment cemented together or of a
self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be
used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the
eave's edge to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the
exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain
no conditioned floor area.

1507.6.4 Material standards. Mineral-surfaced roll roof-
ing shall conform to ASTM D 3909 or ASTM D 6380.

1507.7 Slate shingles. The installation of slate shingles shall
comply with the provisions of this section.

1507.7.1 Deck requirements. Slate shingles shall be fas-
tened to solidly sheathed roofs.

1507.7.2 Deck slope. Slate shingles shall only be used on
slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12) or
greater.

1507.7.3 Underlayment. Underlayment shall comply with
ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869. In areas where the
average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less
or where there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves
causing a backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at
least two layers of underlayment cemented together or of a
self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall extend
from the eave's edge to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm)
inside the exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain
no conditioned floor area.

1507.7.4 Material standards. Slate shingles shall comply
with ASTM C 406.

1507.7.5 Application. Minimum headlap for slate shingles
shall be in accordance with Table 1507.7.5. Slate shingles
shall be secured to the roof with two fasteners per slate.

TABLE 1507.7.5
SLATE SHINGLE HEADLAP

SLOPE

HEADLAP
(inches)

4:12 < slope < 8:12

8:12 < slope < 20:12

slope > 20: 12

1507.7.6 Flashing. Flashing and counterflashing shall be
made with sheet metal. Valley flashing shall be a minimum
of 15 inches (381 mm) wide. Valley and flashing metal shall
be a minimum uncoated thickness of 0.0179-inch (0.455
mm) zinc-coated G90. Chimneys, stucco or brick walls
shall have a minimum of two plies of felt for a cap flashing
consisting of a 4-inch- wide ( 1 02 mm) strip of felt set in plas-
tic cement and extending 1 inch (25 mm) above the first felt
and a top coating of plastic cement. The felt shall extend
over the base flashing 2 inches (51 mm).

1507.7.7 Additional requirements. [DSA-SS and OSHPD
1, 2 and 4] In addition to the requirements of Sections
1507.3.6 and 1507.3. 7, the installation of slate shingle roof
coverings shall comply with seismic anchorage provisions
of Section 1511.

1507.8 Wood shingles. The installation of wood shingles shall
comply with the provisions of this section and Table 1507.8.

1507.8.1 Deck requirements. Wood shingles shall be
installed on solid or spaced sheathing. Where spaced
sheathing is used, sheathing boards shall not be less than
1-inch by 4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) nominal dimensions
and shall be spaced on centers equal to the weather exposure
to coincide with the placement of fasteners.

1507.8.1.1 Solid sheathing required. Solid sheathing is
required in areas where the average daily temperature in
January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is apossibil-
ity of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of
water.

1507.8.2 Deck slope. Wood shingles shall be installed on
slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-per-
cent slope) or greater.

1507.8.3 Underlayment. Underlayment shall comply with
ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869. In areas where there
has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a
backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at least two
layers of underlayment cemented together or of a
self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be
used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the
eave's edge to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the
exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain
no conditioned floor area.

1507.8.4 Material standards. Wood shingles shall be of
naturally durable wood and comply with the requirements
of Table 1507.8.4.

TABLE 1507.8.4
WOOD SHINGLE MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

IVIATERIAL

APPLICABLE
IVIINIIVIUM GRADES

GRADiNG RULES

Wood shingles of naturally
durable wood

1, 2 or 3

CSSB

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

CSSB = Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau

1507.8.5 Attachment. Fasteners for wood shingles shall be
corrosion resistant with a minimum penetration of 0.75 inch
(19.1 mm) into the sheathing. For sheathing less than 0.5
inch (12.7 mm) in thickness, the fasteners shall extend

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

633

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

through the sheathing. Each shingle shall be attached with a
niinimum of two fasteners.

1507.8.6 Application. Wood shingles shall be laid with a
side lap not less than 1.5 inches (38 mm) between joints in

adjacent courses, and not be in direct aUgnment in alternate
courses. Spacing between shingles shall be 0.25 to 0.375
inches (6.4 to 9.5 mm). Weather exposure for wood shingles
shall not exceed that set in Table 1507.8.6.

TABLE 1507.8
WOOD SHINGLE AND SHAKE INSTALLATION

ROOF ITEM

WOOD SHINGLES

WOOD SHAKES

1. Roof slope

Wood shingles shall be installed on slopes of
three units vertical in 12 units horizontal
(3:12) or greater.

Wood shakes shall be installed on slopes of four units
vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12) or greater.

2. Deck requirement

—

Temperate climate

Shingles shall be apphed to roofs with soUd
or spaced sheathing. Where spaced sheathing
is used, sheathing boards shall not be less
than 1" X 4" nominal dimensions and shall
be spaced on center equal to the weather
exposure to coincide with the placement of
fasteners.

Shakes shall be applied to roofs with soUd or spaced
sheathing. Where spaced sheathing is used, sheathing
boards shall not be less than 1" x 4" nominal
dimensions and shall be spaced on center equal to the
weather exposure to coincide with the placement of
fasteners. When 1" x 4" spaced sheathing is installed at
10 inches, boards must be installed between the
sheathing boards.

In areas where the average daily
temperature in January is 25°F or
less or where there is a possibility of
ice forming along the eaves causing
a backup of water.

SoUd sheathing required.

SoUd sheathing is required.

3. Interlayment

No requirements.

Interlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type 1.

4. Underlayment

—

Temperate climate

Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D
226, Type 1.

Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type 1.

In areas where there is a possibility
of ice forming along the eaves
causing a backup of water.

An ice shield that consists of at least two
layers of underlayment cemented together or
of a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen
sheet shall extend from the eave's edge to a
point at least 24 inches inside the exterior
wall line of the building.

An ice shield that consists of at least two layers of
underlayment cemented together or of a self-adhering
polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall extend from the
eave's edge to a point at least 24 inches inside the
exterior wall line of the building.

5. Application

—

Attachment

Fasteners for wood shingles shall be
corrosion resistant with a minimum
penetration of 0.75 inch into the sheathing.
For sheathing less than 0.5 inch thick, the
fasteners shall extend through the sheathing.

Fasteners for wood shakes shall be corrosion resistant
with a minimum penetration of 0.75 inch into the
sheathing. For sheathmg less than 0.5 inch thick, the
fasteners shall extend through the sheathing.

No. of fasteners

Two per shingle.

Two per shake.

Exposure

Weather exposures shall not exceed those set
forth in Table 1507.8.6

Weather exposures shall not exceed those set forth in
Table 1507.9.7

Method

Shingles shall be laid with a side lap of not
less than 1.5 inches between joints in
courses, and no two joints in any three
adjacent courses shall be in direct alignment.
Spacing between shingles shall be 0.25 to
0.375 inch.

Shakes shall be laid with a side lap of not less than 1 .5
inches between joints in adjacent courses. Spacing
between shakes shall not be less than 0.375 inch or
more than 0.625 inch for shakes and tapersawn shakes
of naturally durable wood and shall be 0.25 to 0.375
inch for preservative taper sawn shakes.

Flashing

In accordance with Section 1507.8.7.

In accordance with Section 1507.9.8.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 nun, °C = [(°F) - 32]/l .8.

634

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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TABLE 1507.8.6
WOOD SHINGLE WEATHER EXPOSURE AND ROOF SLOPE

ROOFING MATERIAL

LENGTH
(Inches)

GRADE

EXPOSURE (Inches)

3:12 pitch
to < 4:12

4:12 pitch
or steeper

Shingles of naturally
durable wood

No. 1

No. 2
No. 3

3.75

3.5

No. 1
No. 2
No. 3

4.25

3.5

5.5

4.5

No. 1
No. 2
No. 3

5.75

5.5

7.5
6.5
5.5

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

1507.8.7 Flashing. At the juncture of the roof and vertical
surfaces, flashing and counterflashing shall be provided in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instruc-
tions, and where of metal, shall not be less than 0.019-inch
(0.48 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resis-
tant metal. The valley flashing shall extend at least 1 1 inches
(279 mm) from the centerline each way and have a splash
diverter rib not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high at the flow line
formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall
have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). For roof
slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-per-
cent slope) and over, the valley flashing shall have a
36-inch-wide (914 mm) underlayment of either one layer of
Type I underlayment running the full length of the valley or
a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet complying
with ASTM D 1970, in addition to other required
underlayment. In areas where the average daily temperature
in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibil-
ity of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water,
the metal valley flashing underlayment shall be solidly
cemented to the roofing underlayment for slopes under
seven units vertical in 12 units horizontal (58-percent slope)
or self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be
installed.

1507.9 Wood shakes. The installation of wood shakes shall
comply with the provisions of this section and Table 1507.8.

1507.9.1 Deck requirements. Wood shakes shall only be
used on solid or spaced sheathing. Where spaced sheathing
is used, sheathing boards shall not be less than 1-inch by
4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) nominal dimensions and shall
be spaced on centers equal to the weather exposure to coin-
cide with the placement of fasteners. Where 1-inch by
4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) spaced sheathing is installed at
10 inches (254 mm) o.c, additional 1-inch by 4-inch (25
mm by 102 mm) boards shall be installed between the
sheathing boards.

1507.9.1.1 Solid sheathing required. Solid sheathing is
required in areas where the average daily temperature in
January is 25 °F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibil-

ity of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of
water.

1507.9.2 Deck slope. Wood shakes shall only be used on
slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-per-
cent slope) or greater.

1507.9.3 Underlayment. Underlayment shall comply with
ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869. In areas where there
has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a
backup of water, an ice barrier that consists of at least two
layers of underlayment cemented together or of a
self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be
used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the
eave's edge to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the
exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain
no conditioned floor area.

1507.9.4 Interlayment. Interlayment shall comply with
ASTM D 226, Type I.

1507.9.5 Material standards. Wood shakes shall comply
with the requirements of Table 1507.9.5.

TABLE 1507.9.5
WOOD SHAKE MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

iVIATERIAL

MINIIUIUM
GRADES

APPLICABLE

GRADING

RULES

Wood shakes of naturally durable wood

CSSB

Taper sawn shakes of naturally durable
wood

lor 2

CSSB

Preservative-treated shakes and shingles
of naturally durable wood

CSSB

Fire-retardant-treated shakes and
shingles of naturally durable wood

CSSB

Preservative-treated taper sawn shakes
of Southern pine treated in accordance
with AWPA Ul (Commodity
Specification A, Use Category 3B
andSection5.6)

lor 2

TFS

CSSB = Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau.

TFS = Forest Products Laboratory of the Texas Forest Services.

1507.9.6 Attachment. Fasteners for wood shakes shall be
corrosion resistant with a minimum penetration of 0.75 inch
(19.1 mm) into the sheathing. For sheathing less than 0.5
inch (12.7 mm) in thickness, the fasteners shall extend
through the sheathing. Each shake shall be attached with a
minimum of two fasteners.

1507.9.7 Application. Wood shakes shall be laid with a side
lap not less than 1.5 inches (38 mm) between joints in adja-
cent courses. Spacing between shakes in the same course
shall be 0.375 to 0.625 inches (9.5 to 15.9 mm) for shakes
and taper sawn shakes of naturally durable wood and shall
be 0.25 to 0.375 inch (6.4 to 9.5 mm) for preservative taper
sawn shakes. Weather exposure for wood shakes shall not
exceed those set in Table 1507.9.7.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

635

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

TABLE 1507.9.7
WOOD SHAKE WEATHER EXPOSURE AND ROOF SLOPE

TABLE 1507.10.2
BUILT-UP ROOFING MATERIAL STANDARDS

ROOFING MATERIAL

LENGTH
(inches)

GRADE

EXPOSURE

(inches)

4:12 PITCH

OR STEEPER

Shakes of naturally
durable wood

No. 1
No. 1

7.5
10=

Preservative-treated taper
sawn shakes of Southern
yellow pine

No. 1
No. 1

7.5
10

No. 2
No. 2

5.5
7.5

Taper sawn shakes of
naturally durable wood

18
24

No. 1
No. 1

7.5
10

18
24

No. 2
No. 2

5.5
7.5

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. For 24-inch by 0.375-inch handsplit shakes, the maximum exposure is 7.5
inches.

1507.9.8 Flashing. At the juncture of the roof and vertical
surfaces, flashing and counterflashing shall be provided in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instruc-
tions, and where of metal, shall not be less than 0.019-inch
(0.48 nam) (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resis-
tant metal. The valley flashing shall extend at least 1 1 inches
(279 mm) from the centerline each way and have a splash
diverter rib not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high at the flow line
formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall
have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). For roof
slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-per-
cent slope) and over, the valley flashing shall have a
36-inch- wide (914 mm) underlayment of either one layer of
Type I underlayment running the full length of the valley or
a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet complying
with ASTM D 1970, in addition to other required
underlayment. In areas where the average daily temperature
in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less or where there is a possibil-
ity of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water,
the metal valley flashing underlayment shall be solidly
cemented to the roofing underlayment for slopes under
seven units vertical in 12 units horizontal (58-percent slope)
or self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet shall be
installed.

1507.10 Built-up roofs. The installation of built-up roofs shall
comply with the provisions of this section.

1507.10.1 Slope. Built-up roofs shall have a design slope of
a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal
(2-percent slope) for drainage, except for coal-tar built-up
roofs that shall have a design slope of a minimum
one-eighth unit vertical in 12 xmits horizontal (1-percent
slope).

1507.10.2 Material standards. Built-up roof covering
materials shall comply with the standards in Table
1507.10.2.

MATERIAL STANDARD

STANDARD

Acrylic coatings used in roofing

ASTM D 6083

Aggregate surfacing

ASTM D 1863

Asphalt adhesive used in roofing

ASTM D 3747

Asphalt cements used in roofing

ASTM D 3019; D 2822;
D4586

Asphalt-coated glass fiber base sheet

ASTM D 4601

Asphalt coatings used in roofing

ASTM D1227; D 2823; D
4479

Asphalt glass felt

ASTM D 2178

Asphalt primer used in roofing

ASTM D 41

Asphalt-saturated and asphalt-coated
organic felt base sheet

ASTM D 2626

Asphalt-saturated organic felt
(perforated)

ASTM D 226

Asphalt used in roofing

ASTM D 312

Coal-tar cements used m roofing

ASTM D 4022; D 5643

Coal-tar saturated organic felt

ASTM D 227

Coal-tar pitch used in roofing

ASTM D 450; Type lorn

Coal-tar primer used in roofing,
dampproofing and waterproofing

ASTM D 43

Glass mat, coal tar

ASTM D 4990

Glass mat, venting type

ASTM D 4897

Mineral-surfaced inorganic cap sheet

ASTM D 3909

Thermoplastic fabrics used in roofing

ASTM D 5665, D 5726

1507.11 Modified bitumen roofing. The installation of modi-
fied bitumen roofing shall comply with the provisions of this
section.

1507.11.1 Slope. Modified bitumen membrane roofs shall
have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical
in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.

1507.11.2 Material standards. Modified bitumen roof
coverings shall comply with CGSB 37-GP-56M, ASTM D
6162, ASTM D 6163, ASTM D 6164, ASTM D 6222,
ASTM D 6223 or ASTM D 6298.

1507.12 Thermoset single-ply roofing. The installation of
thermoset single-ply roofing shall comply with the provisions
of this section.

1507.12.1 Slope. Thermoset single-ply membrane roofs
shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit
vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drain-
age.

1507.12.2 Material standards. Thermoset single-ply roof
coverings shall comply with ASTM D 4637, ASTM D 5019
or CGSB 37-GP-52M.

636

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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1507.13 Thermoplastic single-ply roofing. The installation
of thermoplastic single-ply roofing shall comply with the pro-
visions of this section.

1507.13.1 Slope. Thermoplastic single-ply membrane
roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth
unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).

1507.13.2 Material standards. Thermoplastic single-ply
roof coverings shall comply with ASTM D 4434, ASTM D
6754, ASTM D 6878 or CGSB CAN/CGSB 37-54.

1507.14 Sprayed polyurethane foam roofing. The installa-
tion of sprayed polyurethane foam roofing shall comply with
the provisions of this section.

1507.14.1 Slope. Sprayed polyurethane foam roofs shall
have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical
in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.

1507.14.2 Material standards. Spray-applied polyure-
thane foam insulation shall comply with ASTM C 1029.

1507.14.3 Application. Foamed-in-place roof insulation
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. A liquid-applied protective coating that com-
plies with Section 1507.15 shall be applied no less than 2
hours nor more than 72 hours following the application of
the foam.

1507.14.4 Foam plastics. Foam plastic materials and instal-
lation shall comply with Chapter 26.

1507.15 Liquid-applied coatings. The installation of liq-
uid-applied coatings shall comply with the provisions of this
section.

1507.15.1 Slope. Liquid-applied roofs shall have a design
slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units
horizontal (2-percent slope).

1507.15.2 Material standards. Liquid-applied roof coat-
ings shall comply with ASTM C 836, ASTM C 957, ASTM
D 1227 or ASTM D 3468, ASTM D 6083 or ASTM D 6694.

SECTION 1508
ROOF INSULATION

1508.1 General. The use of above-deck thermal insulation
shall be permitted provided such insulation is covered with an
approved roof covering and passes the tests of FM 4450 or UL
1256 when tested as an assembly.

Exceptions:

1. Foam plastic roof insulation shall conform to the ma-
terial and installation requirements of Chapter 26.

2. Where a concrete roof deck is used and the
above-deck thermal insulation is covered with an ap-
proved roof covering.

1508.1.1 Cellulosic fiberboard. Cellulosic fiberboard roof
insulation shall conform to the material and installation
requirements of Chapter 23.

1508.2 Material standards. Above-deck thermal insulation
board shall comply with the standards in Table 1508.2.

TABLE 1508.2
MATERIAL STANDARDS FOR ROOF INSULATION

Cellular glass board

ASTM C 552

Composite boards

ASTM C 1289, Type HI, IV, V or VI

Expanded polystyrene

ASTM C 578

Extruded polystyrene board

ASTM C 578

Perlite board

ASTM C 728

Polyisocyanurate board

ASTM C 1289, Type I or Type H

Wood fiberboard

ASTM C 208

SECTION 1509
ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

1509.1 General. The provisions of this section shall govern the
construction of rooftop structures.

1509.2 Penthouses. A penthouse or other projection above the
roof in structures of other than Type I construction shall not
exceed 28 feet (8534 mm) above the roof where used as an
enclosure for tanks or for elevators that run to the roof and in all
other cases shall not extend more than 1 8 feet (5486 mm) above
the roof The aggregate area of penthouses and other rooftop
structures shall not exceed one-third the area of the supporting
roof. A penthouse, bulkhead or any other similar projection
above the roof shall not be used for purposes other than shelter
of mechanical equipment or shelter of vertical shaft openings
in the roof. Provisions such as louvers, louver blades or flash-
ing shall be made to protect the mechanical equipment and the
building interior from the elements. Penthouses or bulkheads
used for purposes other than permitted by this section shall
conform to the requirements of this code for an additional
story. The restrictions of this section shall not prohibit the plac-
ing of wood flagpoles or similar structures on the roof of any
building.

1509.2.1 lype of construction. Penthouses shall be con-
structed with walls, floors and roof as required for the build-
ing.

Exceptions:

1. On buildings of Type I and 11 construction, the ex-
terior walls and roofs of penthouses with afire sep-
aration distance of more than 5 feet (1524 mm) and
less than 20 feet (6096 mm) shall be of at least
1-hour fire-resistance-rated noncombustible con-
struction. Walls and roofs with a fire separation
distance of 20 feet (6096 mm) or greater shall be of
noncombustible construction. Interior framing
and walls shall be of noncombustible construction.

2. On buildings of Type III, IV and V construction,
the exterior walls of penthouses with a fire separa-
tion distance of more than 5 feet (1524 mm) and
less than 20 feet (6096 mm) shall be at least 1 -hour
fire-resistance-rated construction. Walls with a fire
separation distance of 20 feet (6096 mm) or greater

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

637

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

from a common property line shall be of Type IV
or noncombustible construction. Roofs shall be
constructed of materials and fire-resistance rated
as required in Table 601. Interior ftaming and
walls shall be Type IV or noncombustible
construction.

3. Unprotected noncombustible enclosures housing
only mechanical equipment and located with a
minimum fire separation distance of 20 feet (6096
mm) shall be permitted.

4. On one-story buildings, combustible unroofed me-
chanical equipment screens, fences or similar en-
closures are permitted where located with a fire
separation distance of at least 20 feet (6096 mm)
from adjacent property lines and where not ex-
ceeding 4 feet (1219 mm) in height above the roof
surface.

5. Dormers shall be of the same type of construction
as the roof on which they are placed, or of the exte-
rior walls of the building.

1509.3 Tanks. Tanks having a capacity of more than 500 gal-
lons (2 m^) placed in or on a building shall be supported on
masonry, reinforced concrete, steel or Type IV construction
provided that, where such supports are located in the building
above the lowest story, the support shall be fire-resistance rated
as required for Type lA construction.

1509.3.1 Valve. Such tanks shall have in the bottom or on
the side near the bottom, a pipe or outlet, fitted with a suit-
able quick opening valve for discharging the contents in an
emergency tiirough an adequate drain.

1509.3.2 Location. Such tanks shall not be placed over or
near a line of stairs or an elevator shaft, unless there is a solid
roof or floor underneath the tank.

1509.3.3 Tank cover. Unenclosed roof tanks shall have cov-
ers sloping toward the outer edges.

1509.4 Cooling towers. Cooling towers in excess of 250
square feet (23.2 m^) in base area or in excess of 15 feet (4572
mm) high where located on building roofs more than 50 feet
(15 240 mm) high shall be of noncombustible construction.
Cooling towers shall not exceed one-third of the supporting
roof area.

Exception: Drip boards and the enclosing construction of
wood not less than 1 inch (25 mm) nominal thickness, pro-
vided the wood is covered on the exterior of the tower with
noncombustible material.

1509.5 Tovpers, spires, domes and cupolas. Any tower, spire,
dome or cupola shall be of a type of construction not less in
fire-resistance rating than required for the building to which it
is attached, except that any such tower, spire, dome or cupola
that exceeds 85 feet (25 908 mm) in height above grade plane,
exceeds 200 square feet (18.6 m^) in horizontal area or is used

. for any purpose other than a belfry or an architectural embel-
lishment shaU be constructed of and supported on Type I or H
construction.

1509.5.1 Noncombustible construction required. Any

tower, spire, dome or cupola that exceeds 60feet(18 288) in

height above the highest point at which it comes in contact
with the roof, or that exceeds 200 square feet (18.6 m^) in
area at any horizontal section, or which is intended to be
used for any purpose other than a belfry or architectural
embellishment, shall be entirely constructed of and sup-
ported by noncombustible materials. Such structures shall
be separated from the building below by construction hav-
ing a fire-resistance rating of not less liian 1.5 hours with
openings protected with a minimum 1 .5-hour fire-protec-
tion rating. Structures, except aerial supports 12 feet (3658
mm) high or less, flagpoles, water tanks and cooling towers,
placed above the roof of any building more than 50 feet (15
240 mm) in height, shall be of noncombustible material and
shall be supported by construction of noncombustible
material.

1509.5.2 Towers and spires. Towers and spures where
enclosed shall have exterior walls as required for the build-
ing to which they are attached. The roof covering of spires
shall be of a class of roof covering as required for the main
roof of the rest of the structure.

SECTION 1510
REROOFING

1510.1 General. Materials and methods of application used for
recovering or replacing an existing roof covering shall comply
with the requirements of Chapter 15.

Exception: Reroofing shall not be required to meet the min-
imum design slope requirement of one-quarter unit vertical
in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in Section 1507 for
roofs that provide positive roof drainage.

1510.2 Structural and construction loads. Structural roof
components shall be capable of supporting the roof-covering
system and the material and equipment loads that will be
encountered during installation of the system.

1510.3 Recovering versus replacement. New roof coverings
shall not be installed without first removing all existing layers
of roof coverings where any of the following conditions occur:

1 . Where the existing roof or roof covering is water soaked
or has deteriorated to the point that the existing roof or
roof covering is not adequate as a base for additional
roofing.

2. Where the existing roof covering is wood shake, slate,
clay, cement or asbestos-cement tile.

3. Where the existing roof has two or more applications of
any type of roof covering.

Exceptions:

1. Complete and separate roofing systems, such as
standing-seam metal roof systems, that are designed
to transmit the roof loads directly to the building's
structural system and that do not rely on existing roofs
and roof coverings for support, shall not require the
removal of existing roof coverings.

2. Metal panel, metal shingle and concrete and clay tile
roof coverings shall be permitted to be installed over
existing wood shake roofs when applied in accor-
dance with Section 1510.4.

638

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

3. The application of a new protective coating over an
existing spray polyurethane foam roofing system
shall be permitted without tear-off of existing roof
coverings.

1510.4 Roof recovering. Where the application of a new roof
covering over wood shingle or shake roofs creates a combusti-
ble concealed space, the entire existing surface shall be covered
with gypsum board, mineral fiber, glass fiber or other approved
materials securely fastened in place.

1510.5 Reinstallation of materials. Existing slate, clay or
cement tile shall be permitted for reinstallation, except that
damaged, cracked or broken slate or tile shall not be reinstalled.
Existing vent flashing, metal edgings, drain outlets, collars and
metal counterflashings shall not be reinstalled where rusted,
damaged or deteriorated. Aggregate surfacing materials shall
not be reinstalled.

1510.6 Flashings. Flashings shall be reconstructed in accor-
dance with approved manufacturer's installation instructions.
Metal flashing to which bituminous materials are to be adhered
shall be primed prior to installation.

SECTION 1511 [DSA-SS & OSHPD 1, 2 and 4]

SEISMIC ANCHORAGE OF SLATE SHINGLE, CLAY

AND CONCRETE TILE ROOF COVERINGS

1511.1 Fasteners. Nails shall be long enough to penetrate into
the sheathing % inch (19 mm). Where sheathing is less than %
inch (19 mm) in thickness, nails shall be driven into supports,
unless nails with ring shanks are used.

All fasteners shall be corrosion resistant and fabricated of
copper, stainless steel or brass, or shall have a hot-dipped gal-
vanized coating not less than 1.0 ounce of zinc per square foot
(458 gm/m^).

Nails for slate shingles and clay or concrete tile shall be cop-
per, brass or stainless steel with gage and length per common
ferrous nails.

1511.2 Wire. Wire for attaching slate shingles and clay or con-
crete tile shall be copper, brass or stainless steel capable of
supporting four times the weight of tile.

Wire supporting a single tile or shingle shall not be smaller
than '/j6 inch (1.6 mm) in diameter. Continuous wire ties sup-
porting more than one tile shall not be smaller than 0.084 inch
(2 mm) in diameter

1511.3 Metal strips. Metal strips for attaching slate shingles
and clay or concrete tile shall be copper, brass or stainless steel
capable of supporting four times the weight of tile.

1511.4 Clay or concrete tiles. Clay or concrete tile shall be
installed in accordance with Table 1507.3.7 and as described
herein.

1. On wood roofs or roofs of other material to which wood
strips are secured, every cover or top tile when fastened
with nails shall be nailed directly into 1 V^ inches (32 mm)
sound grain soft wood strips of sufficient height to sup-
port the tile.

Pan or bottom tiles shall be nailed directly to the roof
sheathing or to wood strips. Wood strips shall be secured

to the roof by nails spaced not over 12 inches (305 mm)
apart.

2. On concrete roofs, wires shall be secured in place by wire
loops embedded into the concrete not less than 2 inches
(51 mm). The wire loops shall be spaced not more than
36 inches (914 mm) on center parallel to the eaves, and
spaced vertically to allow for the minimum 3 inches (76
mm) lapping of the tile.

3. Where continuous ties of twisted wire, interlocking wires
or metal strips extending from the ridge to eave are used
to attach tile, the ties shall be attached to the roof con-
struction at the ridge, eave and at intervals not exceeding
10 feet (3048 mm) on center. The ties within 2 feet (610
mm) of the rake shall be attached at intervals of 5 feet
(1524 mm).

Attachment for continuous ties shall be nails, screws,
staples or approved clips of the same material as the ties
and shall not be subjected to withdrawal forces. Attach-
ments for continuous ties shall have an allowable work-
ing stress shear resistance of not less than twice the dead
weight of the tile tributary to the attachment, but not less
than 300 pounds (136 kg).

4. Tile with projecting anchor lugs at the bottom of the tiles
shall be held inposition by means of 1-inch by 2-inch (25
mm by 51 mm) wood stripping nailed to the roof sheath-
ing over the underlay.

5. Clay or concrete tile on roofs with slopes exceeding 24
units vertical in 12 units horizontal (200-percent slope)
shall be attached as required for veneer in Chapter 14.
The nose of all tiles shall be securely fastened.

6. Clay or concrete tile shall have a minimum of two fasten-
ers per tile. Tiles that are 8 inches (203 mm) in width or
less are permitted to be fastened at the center of the head
with one fastener per tile.

7. Interlocking clay or concrete tile shall have a minimum
of one nail near center of head or two wire ties per tile.

1511.5 Slate shingles. Slate shingles on roofs with slopes
exceeding 24 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (200-percent
slope) shall be attached as required for veneer per Chapter 14.

1511.6 Alternative design. An alternative design of the fasten-
ing system used to resist seismic loads is permitted, provided
that an engineering analysis or test report based on cyclic test-
ing is provided to the enforcement agency.

The fastening system shall be designed to resist seismic
forces per ASCE 7, Section 13.3. Testing of alternative fasten-
ing system shall comply with ASCE 7, Section 13.2.5.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

639

640 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

ACCESS AISLE (Definition) 202, 1102B

ACCESS OPENINGS

Attic ' 1209.2

Crawl space 1209.1

Doors 711.3.2

Fire damper 71 6.4

Fire department 402.16

IVlechanical appliances 1209.3

Refuse/laundry chutes 707.13.3

ACCESSIBILITY Cfiapters 11 A, 11B, 11C

Airports 1 121 B

Assembly occupancies 1104B

Assembly seating 1 104B

Assistive-listening systems 1104B.2

Bathing and toilet facilities
(sanitary facilities) general. . . Chapter 11 A, 11 15B

Bus stops 1 121B.2.

Commercial buildings Chapter 11B

Detectable warnings . . . 1107A.4-D,1112A.9, 1102B,
1121B.2.1, 1121B.3.1, 1127B.5, 1133B.8.5

Detention and correctional facilities 1105B

Dining areas 1 104B.5

Dwelling units Chapter 1 1A, 1 1B

Egress 1007

Elevators 1007.2.1 , 1007.4,

1124A, 1103B. 1,3001.3

Employee work areas ; . 1123B, 907.9.1.2

Entrances 1 133B. 1. 1

Existing buildings 1134B

Facility accessibility 11 14B

Factory and warehouse occupancies 1107B

Group A occupancies 1 104B

Group B occupancies 1 105B

Group E occupancies 1 106B

Group H occupancies 1 108B

Group I occupancies 7 109B

Group M occupancies 11 10B

Group R occupancies .1111B

Hazardous occupancies 1 108B

Historic buildings 1135B, Chapter 34

Institutional occupancies 1 109B

Lifts 1007.5, 1124A, 1116B.2

Maintenance 1 101B.3

Mercantile occupancies 11 10B

Multifamily dwellings (covered) Chapter 1 1A

Parking and passenger
loading facilities 1129B, 1130B, 1131B

Performance areas 1 104B

Platform, raised 1104B.3.11, 1104B.6

Public accommodations Chapter 1 1B

Public buildings Chapter 1 1B

Publicly funded housing Chapter 11B

Ramps 1010, 1133B.5

Recreational facilities 1 104B.4, 1 132B

Religious facilities 1 104B.6

Residential occupancies Chapter 11 A, 1111B

Route 1114B.1.2

Scoping 1101A.1, 1103B.1

Signage Chapter 10, 11 A, 11B, 1117B.5

Storage Chapter 1 1A, 1 125B

Telephone 1 117B.2

Toilet and bathing facilities .... Chapter 11 A, 11 15B

Transient lodging Chapter 2, 1102A,

1107A, 1111B.4

Transportation facilities and stations 1121B

ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS 1002. 1,

1007, 1102B

ADAPTABILITY (definition) 202, 1102B

ADDITION (definition) 202

ADMINISTRATION CA Chapter 1,

Appendix Chapter 1
ADIVIINISTRATIVE
AUTHORITY (definition) 202, 1102B

ADOBE CONSTRUCTION 2102.1, 2109.8

AGED HOiVIE OR INSTITUTION (definition) 310.2

AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS
(GROUP U) 312.1 , Appendix C

AIR CONDITIONING
(see MECHANICAL) 101.4.3, 2801.1, 3006.2

AIR INTAKES (YARDS OR COURTS) 1206.3.2

AIRCRAFT HANGARS 412.2

Aircraft paint hangars 412.4, 507.8

Basements 412.2.2

Construction exterior walls 412.2.1

Heliports and helistops 412

Residential 412.3, 907.2.21

Unlimited height 504.1

AIRCRAFT-RELATED OCCUPANCIES 412

Airport traffic

control towers 412.1, 412.1.6, 907.2.22

Egress 412.1.3

Fire detection systems.automatic 412.1.4,

907.2.22

Standby power 412.1 .5, 2702.2.18

Type of construction 41 2.1 .2

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

641

INDEX

AISLE

Accessible 1 133B.6

Assembly seating 1025

Bleachers , 1025.1

Check-out 1110B, 3409.8.11

Converging 1025.9.3

Definition 202, 1102B

Egress 1014.4, Ctiapter 1 1A,

Chapter 118, 1133B.6

Employee areas, definition 202, 1102B

Folding and telescopic seating 1025.1 .1

Grandstands 1025.1

Obstructions 1025.9.6

Tents 3103.4

Walking surfaces 1025.1 1

Width 1025.9.1, 1133B.6.2

ALARM SYSTEMS, EMERGENCY 908

ALARMS, FIRE (see FIRE ALARM
AND DETECTION SYSTEMS)

ALARMS, VISIBLE 907.9.1

ALARMS, VOICE

High-rise buildings 907.2.12.2

ALCOVES 1115B.4.6

ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN 1602.1

Load combinations 1 605.3

Masonry design .2101.2.1,2107

Wood design 2301.2, 2306

ALTERATIONS 3403

Accessibility 1 134B

Compliance alternatives 3410

ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICES 1009.9

Construction 1009.9.2

Galleries, catwalks and gridirons 101.5.6.1

ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS, DESIGN
AND METHODS 104.11

ALUMINUM 1404.5.1, 1604.3.5, Chapter 20

AMUSEMENT BUILDING, SPECIAL 41 1

Emergency voice/alarm

communications system 41 1 .6

Exit marking 41 1 .7

Fire detection, automatic 41 1 .3

Interior finish 41 1 .8

Smoke detection system 907.2.1 1

Sprinklers, automatic 41 1 .4

AMUSEMENT PARK STRUCTURES 303

ANCHOR STORE (see COVERED MALL

BUILDINGS) 402.2

Construction type 402.6

Means of egress 402.4.3.1

Occupant load 402.4.1 .3

ANCHORAGE 1604.8

Braced wall line sills 2308.3.3

Concrete 1911, 1912

Concrete walls 1604.8.2

Conventional light-frame
construction. . . 2308.11.3.1, 2308.12.7, 2308.12.9

Decks 1604.8.3

Empirical design of masonry 2109.7

Masonry walls 1604.8.2, 2106.2

Perforated shear walls 2305.3.8.2

Seismic anchorage for masonry chimneys ... 21 13.4
Seismic anchorage for masonry fireplaces. . . 21 1 1 .4

Wood sill plates 2305.3.11, 2308.3.3

ANSI (definition) 202

Standards Chapter 35

APARTMENT HOUSES 310.1

APPEALS 112

APPROVED (definition) 202

APPROVED TESTiNG AGENCY (definition) 202

ARCHITECT (see definition for REGISTERED
DESIGN PROFESSIONAL)

ARCHITECTURAL TRIM 1406.2.2

AREA, BUILDING Chapters

Enclosed parking garage 509.2, 509.3, 509.4

Limitations 503, 505

Membrane structures 3102.4

Mezzanines 505.2

Mixed construction types 3102.6

Mixed occupancy 508

Modifications 506

Open parking garage 509.2, 509.3,

509.4, 509.7, 509.8

Residential aircraft hangars 412.3.6

Unlimited 503.1 .3, 506.2.1 , 507

AREA FOR ASSISTED RESCUE, EXTERIOR (see
EXTERIOR AREAS FOR ASSISTED RESCUE)

AREA OF REFUGE 1007.6

Definition 202, 1002.1, 1102B

Visibie communication method 1007.6.3.1

ASSEMBLY AREA (definition) 202, 1 102B

ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCY (GROUP A) . . . . 303, 1025

Accessibiiity 1 104B

Accessory 508.3.1

Aisles 1025.9

Bleachers (see BLEACHERS)

Egress, special provisions 1008.1.9

Fire alarms 907.2.1

Folding and telescopic seating 1025.1.1

Grandstands (see GRANDSTANDS)

Interior finishes Table 803.5

Live load Table 1607.1

Motion picture theaters 507.10

Panic hardware 1008.1.9

Seating, fixed (see SEATING, FIXED)

642

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

Seating, smoke-protected 1025.6.2

Sprinklers 507.3, 507.6, 507.10, 903.2.1

Standby power systems 2702.2.1

Standpipes 905.3.2

ASSISTED LIVING (see RESIDENTIAL
CARE/ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES)

ASSISTIVE DEVICE (definition) 202, 1107A.1-A

ATRIUM 404

Automatic sprinkler protection 404.3

Enclosure 404.5

Fire alarm system 907.2.13

Interior finish 404.7

Smoke control 404.4, 909

Standby power 404.6

Use 404.2

ATTIC

Access 1209.2

Combustible storage 413.2

Draft stopping 71 7.4

Insulation 719.3.1

Live load Table 1607.1

Unusable space fire protection 71 1 .3.3

Ventilation 1203.2

AUDITORIUM 303.1

Accessibility / 104B.

Foyers and lobbies 1 025.4

Interior balconies and galleries 1025.5

Motion picture projection rooms 409

Stages and platforms 410

AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES AND
POINT OF SALE MACHINES 1117B.7

AUTOMATIC DOOR

Definition 202, 1 107 A. 1-A, 1 102B

AUTOMOBILE PARKING GARAGE
(see GARAGE, AUTOMOBILE PARKING) 406

AWNINGS

Design and construction 3105.3

Drainage, water 3201.4

Live load 1607.11.2.4

Plastic 2606.10

Public right-of-way
encroachments 3202.2.3, 3202.3.1

BALCONIES . : 1014.5

Accessibility 1 120A

Construction requirements 1406.3

Egress, means of 1014.5, 1016.3, 1025.5

Emergency escape 1026.1

Encroachments 3202.3.2

Exterior 1602.1, 1016.3

Guards 1013.1

Interior 1 025.5

Live load Table 1607.1

Projection 704.2, 1406.3

Travel distance 1016.3

BARBECUES . .2801

BARRIERS, VEHICLE 406.2.4, 1602.1, 1607.7.3

BASEMENT (see UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS)

Aircraft hangars 412.2.2

Area modification 506.1

Considered a story 502.1

Emergency escape 1 026

Flood loads 1612.2

Height modifications for. . 509.2, 509.3, 509.4, 509.5

Prohibited 415.4,415.5, 415.6.3.5,

415.8.5.2.2,418.1

Rodent proofing Appendix F

Sprinklers 903.2.10.1

Waterproofing and damp proofing 1 807

BASEMENT WALLS

Concrete Table 1904.2.2, 1909.6.1

Soil loads 1610.1

Waterproofing and dampproofing 1 807

BASIC BUILDING AND STRUCTURES 440.3. 1

BASIC WIND SPEED 1609.3

BATHING AND TOILET FACILITIES
(SANITARY FACILITIES), ACESSIBLE 111 53

BATHROOM (ACCESSIBLE) 1107A.2-B

For efficiency dwelling units 1208.4

BAY AND ORIEL WINDOWS 1406.4

BEDRIDDEN PERSON (definition) 310.2

BLEACHERS 303.1

Accessibility 11048.4

Egress 1025.1.1

Footboards 1025.1.1

Occupant load 1 004.7

BLOCK (see CONCRETE BLOCK,
and GLASS UNIT MASONRY)

BOARD OF APPEALS 112, Appendix B

Application for appeal B101 .1

Alternate members B101 .2.1

Board decision B1 01 .4

Limitations on authority 1 12.2

Membership of board B101.2

Notice of meeting B101.3

Qualifications 112.3, B101.2.2

BOILER ROOM

Exits 1015.3

BOLTS 2204.2

Anchors 912, 1913, 2103.13.5, 2204.2.1

High strength, steel 1704.3.3

BONDING, MASONRY. . . . 2103.9, 2109.6, 2109.7.2.1

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

643

INDEX

BRACED WALL LINE 2302.1 , 2308.3

Bracing 2309.3

Seismic requirements 2308.12.3, 2308.12.4

Sill anchorage 2308.3.3

Spacing 2308.3.1

Support 2308.3.4

BRACED WALL PANEL 2302.1, 2308.9.3

Alternative bracing 2308.9.3.1, 2308.9.3.2

Connections 2308.3.2

BRICK (see MASONRY)

Galculateci fire resistance 721 .4

Foundations 1 805.5

Veneer 1405.5, 1405.9

BUILDING

Access, fire department 402.16

Accessibility (scope) 1101A.1, 1103B.1

Area (see AREA, BUILDING) Chapter 5

Definition .202

Demolition 3303

Existing 202, 1 134B, Chapter 34

Height (see HEIGHT, BUILDING) Chapter 5

Occupancy classification Chapter 3

BUILDING DEPARTMENT 103

BUILDING ENTRANCE ON AN ACCESSIBLE
ROUTE (definition) 202, 1 107A.2-B

BUILDING OFFICIAL

Definition 202

Duties and powers 104

Qualifications A101.1

Records 104.7

Termination A1 01 .4

BUILT-UP ROOFS 1507.10

BUSINESS OCCUPANCY (GROUP B) 304

Accessibiiity 1 1058

Aisles 1014.4.1 , Ctiapter 1 1A,

Ctiapter11B, 1133B.6

Educational above 12th grade 304.1

Fire alarm 907.2.2

Parking under 509.2, 509.7, 509.8

CABLES, STEEL STRUCTURAL 2207

CALCULATED FIRE RESISTANCE (see FIRE
RESISTANCE, CALCULATED)

CANOPIES 3105

Fire district D102.2.8

Live load 1607.11.2.4

Materials 3105.4

Motor vehicle service stations 406.5.2

Permanent D102.2.8

CARE AND SUPERVISION (definition) 310.2

CARPET

Floor covering 804.2

Textile wall coverings 803.6.1

Textile ceiling finish 803.6.2

CATASTROPHICALLY INJURED (definition). . . 310.2

CATWALKS

Means of egress 410.3.2, 1015.6.1

Sprinl<lers 410.6

OCR (definition) 202

CEILING

Height 409.2, 909.20.4.3, 1205.2.2, 1208.2

Interior finish 803

Penetration of fire-resistant assemblies 707,

712.4,716.2,716.6
Suspended acoustical 803.9.1 .1

CELL (definition) 308.4.6

CELL CONIPLEX (definition) 308.4.6

CELL TIERS (definition) 308.4.6

CELLULOSE NITRATE FILM 409.1, 903.2.4.3

CERAMIC TILE

Material requirements 2103.5

Mortar 2103.10

CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY 110

CHILD CARE (see DAY CARE) 305.2, 308.3.1 ,

308.5.2, 407.1

CHIMNEYS 21 02.1 , 21 1 1

Factory-built 717.2.5

CHRONICALLY ILL - TERMINALLY ILL 310.2

CHURCHES (see RELIGIOUS WORSHIP,

PLACES OF)
CIRCULAR STAIRS (see CURVED STAIRWAYS)

CIRCULATION PATH (definition) 202 1102B

CLAY ROOF TILE 1507.3

Testing 1715.2

CLEAR (definition) 202,1 102B

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE (definition) 202 1 102B

CLINICS— BIRTHING CLINICS 1226. 16

CLINICS— GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Appiication 1226.2

Ceiling iieigtits 1226.8

Corridors and hallways 1226.5

Definitions 1226.3

Doors and door openings 1226.6

Elevators 1226.11

Garbage — solid wastes and trash storage . . 1226. 12

General construction 1226.4

Interior finishes — floors and bases 1226.9

Laundry and trash chutes 1226. 13

Scope 1226. 1

Windows and screens 1226.7

Walls and ceilings 1226. 10

644

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

CLINICS— PRIMARY CARE

Abortion services 1226. 14

Clinical facilities 1226. 15

CLINICS— PSYCHOLOGY CLINICS 1226.20

CLINICS— SPECIALITY CLINICS

Ciironic dialysis clinics 1226. 18

Reliabiiitation Clinics 1226. 19

Surgical clinics 1226.17

CLOSED-CIRCUIT

TELEPHONE (definition) 202, 1102B

COAL POCKETS 415.6.1.6

COLD STORAGE, FOAM PLASTIC

INSULATION 2603.3, 2603.5

Thermal barrier 2603.4, 2604.1.1, 2604.1.3

COLD-FORMED STEEL. . 2202.1, 2209

Special Inspection for seismic resistance .... 1707.4

Light-frame construction 2210

COMBUSTIBLE DUSTS 415.6.1

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 415.6.2

COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL

High-pile stock or rack storage 413.1, 910.2.2

In concealed spaces 413.2, 717.5

In Type I and Type II 603, 805.1

On exterior side of exterior wall 1406

COMBUSTIBLE PROJECTIONS 704.2, 1406.3

COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE 413, 910.2.2

COMMERCIAL COOKING SYSTEMS 904.11

COMMERCIAL FACILITIES 202, Chapter 1 1B

Located in private residences 1 101B.6

COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL 1014.3

COMMON USE AREAS (definition) 202,

1107A.3-C, 1102B
COMPARTMENTATION

Underground buildings 405.4

Values 3410.6.3

COMPLIANCE ALTERNATIVES 3410

COMPRESSED GAS 307.2, 415.8.7.2.2

CONCEALED SPACES 413.2, 717

CONCRETE Chapter 19

Anchorage 1911, 1912

Calculated fire resistance 721 .2

Conduits embedded in 1906

Construction documents 1 901 .4

Construction joints 1 906

Curing 1905.11

Durability 1904

Exposure conditions 1904

Footings 1805.4.2

Formwork 1 906

Foundation walls 1805.5

Materials 1704.4.1, 1903

Mixing 1905

Pipe columns, concrete-filled 1915

Pipes embedded in 1 906

Placing 1905

Plain, structural 1 909

Proportioning 1905.2

Quality 1905

Reinforced gypsum concrete 1914

Reinforcement 1 907

Rodentproofing Appendix F

Roof tile : 1507.3, 1715.2

Shotcrete 1913

Slab, minimum 1910

Special inspections 1704.4, Table 1704.4

Specifications 1 903

Strength testing 1704.4.1 , 1905.6

Wood support •. . .2304.12

CONCRETE MASONRY

Calculated fire resistance 721 .3

Construction 2104

Design 2101.2

Materials 2103.1

Surface bonding 2109.2.3

Testing 2105.2.2.1.2

Wood support 2104.1.6, 2304.12

CONCRETE ROOF TILE 1507.3

Wind resistance 1609.5.3, 1715.2

CONDOMINIUM (see APARTMENT HOUSES)

CONDUIT, PENETRATION PROTECTION 711.5,

712.3,1020.1.1

CONFLICTS IN CODE 102.1

CONGREGATE LIVING HEALTH

FACILITY (CLHF) (definition) 310.2

CONGREGATE RESIDENCE (definition) 310.2

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 106, 1603

Concrete construction 1901 .4

Construction, fire protection . . . 708.1, Table 1017.1,

1017.5

Design load-bearing capacity 1 802.6

Fire alarm and detection systems 907.1 .1

Fire-resistant joint systems 71 3

Floor live load 1603.1.1

Masonry 2101.3

Means of egress 106.1 .2

Penetrations 712

Permit application 1 05.1

Retention 106.5

Review 106.3

Roof assemblies 1503

Roof live load 1603.1 .2

Roof snow load 1603.1 .3

Seismic 1 603.1 .5

Site plan 106.2

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

645

INDEX

Soil classification 1802.6

Special loads 1603.1.7

Systems and components 1603.1.8

Windload 1603.1.4

CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

Concrete .1906.4

Shotcrete 1913.7

CONSTRUCTION, PUBLIC PROPERTY . . Chapter 32

CONSTRUCTION TYPES Chapter 6

Automobile parking garage . . . Table 406.3.5, 509.2,

509.3, 509.4, 509.7, 509.8

Classification 602

Combustible material in Type I and
Type II construction 603

Covered mall buildings 402.6

Fire resistance Table 601 , Table 602

High-rise 403.3.1

Underground buildings 405.2

CONTRACTOR'S RESPONSIBILITIES. . . 901.5, 1706

CONTROL AREA 414.2

CONTROLS AND OPERATING
MECHANISMS 1117B.6

CONVENTIONAL LIGHT-FRAME

CONSTRUCTION 2301.2.3, 2302.1, 2308

Additional seismic requirements . . 2308.11, 2308.12

Braced wall lines 2308.3

Connections and fasteners 2308.5

Design of elements 2308.4

Floor joists 2308.8

Foundation plates or sills 2308.6

Girders 2308.7

Limitations 2308.2

Roof and ceiling framing 2308.10

Wall framing 2308.9

CORNICES

Live load Table 1607.1

IViasonry 2104.2.1

Projection 704.2, 1406.3

Draftstopping 717.2.6

CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT CENTERS

Application 1227.2

Ceiling heights 1227.8

Corridors 1227.5

Definitions 1227.3

Doors and door openings 1227.6

Elevators 1227.10

Garbage — solid waste and trash storage . . . 1227. 1 1

General construction 1227.4

Scope 1227. 1

Windows and screens 1227.7

Interior finishes 1227.9

CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT CENTERS - BASIC
SERVICES

Administration space 7227. 16

Central sterile supply 1227. 17

Dietetic service space 1227. 14

Employee dressing rooms and lockers 1227. 19

Housekeeping room 1227.20

Nursing service space 1227. 12

Offices 1227 15

Pharmaceutical service space 1227. 13

Storage 1227. 18

CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT CENTERS -
OPTIONAL SERVICES

24-hour mental health care services 1227.23

Outpatient services 1227.22

Service spaces 1227.21

CORRIDOR 1017

Accessibility 1133B.3

Deadend 1017.3

Elevation change 1003.5

Headroom 1003.2, 1003.3.1

HPM service 903.2.4.2

Live load Table 1607.1

Walls 708.1, 1017.1

Width 1017.2

CORRIDOR PROTECTION, EXIT ACCESS

Construction fire protection 708.1,

Table 1017.1, 1017.5

Doors 715.4

Interior finish Table 803.5, 804.4

Opening protectives Table 71 5.4

Return and exhaust air 716.5.4.1

CORROSIVES 414.3

COURTS 1206

COVERED MALL BUILDINGS 402

Emergency voice/alarm system 907.2.20

Standby power 2702.2.14

Standpipe system 905.3.3

COVERED MULTIFAMILY (definition) 202,

1107A.3-C

COVERED WALKWAY 3306.7

CONVEYING SYSTEMS 3005

Accessibility 109.1,1 124A, 1 1 16B,

3001.1,3001.3

CRAWL SPACE

Access 1209.1

Drainage 1807.1 .2

Ventilation 1203.3

CRIPPLE WALL 2302.1 , 2308.9.4

CROSS SLOPE (definition) ..202, 1107A.3-C, 11 028

646

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

CRYOGENIC FLUIDS Table 307.1 ,

Table 414.5.1 , Table 41 5.8.2.1 .1

CURB CUT (definition) 202, 1107A.3-C, 1102B

CURB RAMP (definition) . . . . 202, 1107A.3-C, 1102B
CURVED STAIRWAYS 1009.7

DAMPERS (see FIRE DAMPERS
and SMOKE DAMPERS) 716.2-716.5

DAMPPROOFING AND WATERPROOFING .... 1807

Required 807.2, 1 807.3

Subsoil drainage system 1807.4

DAY CARE 305.2, 308.5

Adult care 308.5.1

Child care 308.5.2

Egress 308.5.2, Table 1004.1.1,

Table 1015.1, Table 1019.2
Definition (SFM) ; 310.2

DAY CARE HOIViE, LARGE-
FAi\/IILY(definition) 370.2

DAY CARE HOME, SMALL-
FAMiLY(definition) 310.2

DAY ROOM (definition) 308.4.6

DEAD END 1017.3

DEAD LOAD 1602.1, 1606

Footing design load 1805.4.1.1

DECK 1602.1

Anchorage 1 604.8.3

Pool mechanism 3113B.1 Exception 4

DEFLECTIONS 1604.3.1

Framing supporting glass 2403.3

Preconstruction load tests 1714.3.2

Wood diaphragms 2305.2.2

Wood shear walls 2305.3.2, 2305.3.8.2.9

DEMOLITION 3303

DESIGN STRENGTH 1602.1, 2102.1

Conformance to standards 1710.1

New materials 1710.2

DESIGNATED SEISMIC SYSTEM 1702.1

Seismic qualification 1708.5

Special inspection 1 707.9

DETACHED SiNGLE-FAMILY
DWELLING (definition) 202

DETECTABLE
WARNING (definition) 202, 1107A.4-D, 11028

DIAPHRAGMS 1602.1, 2102.1, 2302.1

Empirical masonry 2109.2.1.2

Flexible 1613.6.1

Special inspection 1704.6.1, 1707.3

Wood 2305.2, 2306.3

DIRECTIONAL SIGN 202

DISABILITY 202

DISABLED 202

DOORS . . . 1008, Ciiapter11A, CiiapterllB, 1133B.2

Access-controlled 1008.1.3.4

Accessibility 1 133B.2

Automatic and power-assisted

doors (Hinged doors) 1 133B.2.3.2

Cioser-effort to operate doors (doors). . . . 1133B.2.5
Door cioser (cioser-effort to

operate doors) 1 133B.2.5. 1

Emergency escape 1 026

Fire (see OPENING

PROTECTIVES) 715.4, 1020.1.1

Glazing 715.4.6, 1405.12

Floor ievei at doors 1133B.2.4

Hardware (see LOCKS AND LATCHES) . . 1008.1.8,

1133B.2.5.2

Horizontal sliding 1008.1 .3.3

Landings 1008.1.5, 1133B.2.4.4

Operation 1 008.1 .8

Panic and fire exit hardware 1008.1 .9

Power operated 1 008.1 .3.2

Revolving 1008.1.3.1, 1133B.2.3.3

Security grilles 1008.1.3.5

Side swinging 1008.1 .2

Smoke barrier 709.5

Smooth surface 1133B.2.6

Structural testing, exterior 1714.5

Thresholds 1003.5, 1008.1.4,

1008.1.6, 1133B.2.4.1

Type of locl< or latch 1133B.2.1

Vestibule 909.20.2.1

Width 1008.1.1

Width and height 1133B.2.2

DORMITORY (definition) 202,308.4.6, 310.2

DRAFTSTOPPING

Attics 717.4

Floor-ceiling assemblies 717.3

DRINKING FOUNTAINS 1 115B.4.6

DRY CLEANING PLANTS 415.6.4

DRYING ROOMS 417

DUCTS AND AIR TRANSFER OPENINGS . . . 704.14,

706.10,716

DUMBWAITERS 707.14

DWELLING UNIT (definition) 202,

1107A.4-D, 1102B

EARTHQUAKE LOADS (see SEISMIC) 1613

Construction documents 1603.1.5

Seismic design category 1613.2

Site class 1613.2, 1613.5.2

Site classification for seismic design 1613.5.5

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

647

INDEX

Site coefficients 1613.2, 1613.5.3

Wind and seismic detailing 1604.10

EAVES (see COMBUSTIBLE PROJECTIONS and
CORNICES)

EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCY (GROUP E) 305

Accessibility 1 106B

Day care 305.2

Egress, special provisions 1008.1.9

Fire alarm 907.2.3

Fire-resistive substitution

for new campus 903.2.2. 1.3

Live load Table 1607.1

Manual fire alarm boxes 907.3

Manuai fire aiarm boxes (tieigfit) 907.3.2

Panic hardware 1008.1 .9

Public sciioois'
Automatic fire aiarm system

requirments 907.2.3.7

Automatic sprinl<ier system

requirements 903.2.2. 1

Newpubiic sciiooi campus 903.2.2. 1. 1

Permanent portable buildings 903.2.2.1.2,

907.2.3.8. 1, 907.2.3.8.2
Portable buildings — automatic

fire aiarm system requirements 907.2.3.8

Smoke detectors 907.2.3.6

Special occupancy separation 508.3.1,

Table 508.3.3

Sprinkler system 903.2.2

State Fire Marslial 442

EFFICIENCY DWELLING UNIT 1208.4

EGRESS (see MEANS OF EGRESS) Chapter 10

ELECTRIC VEHICLE 406.7

ELECTRICAL Chapter 27

ELEMENT (definition) 202, 1102B

ELEVATOR

Accessibility 109.1, 1007.2.1, 1007.4

1124A, 1116B, 3001.1, 3001.3,

3409.8.2, Part 7 Article 7-15

Sections 7-3093 tfirough 7-3094.5

Attendant-operated 3003.2.2

Car size 1116B.1.8, 3002.4

Construction 707.14

Control values 3410.6.14

Conveying systems 109.1, 1124A, 1116B,

3001.1,3001.3,3005

Emergency operations 3002.3, 3002.5, 3003

Entrance openings and car size 1116B.1.4,

y 7 76S. 7.5,3002.4.3.1

General stretcher requirements 3002.4. 1

Gurney size 3002.4. 1. 1

High-rise 403.9

Hoist way doors 3002.4.2

Automatic operation and automatic

power-operated 3003.2. 1

Hoist way enclosures 3002, 3005.3.1

Hoist way venting 3004

Key-operated three position

bypass switch 3003.2. 1. 1

Lobby 707.14.1, 1007.4

Machine rooms Table 1607.1, 3006

Number of elevator cars in hoist way 3002.2

Passenger (definition) 202, 1 102B

Personnel and material hoists 3005.4

Photoelectric tube bypass switch 3002.9

Recall 3002.4.4

Seismic requirements 1613

Shaft enclosure 707.14

Signs 1007.7

Standby power 1116B.3.1, 2702.2.5, 2702.2.19

EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS

Area of refuge 1007.6.3

Visible communication method 1007.6.3. 1

EMERGENCY EGRESS OPENINGS 1026

Window wells 1026.5

EMERGENCY LIGHTING 1006

EMERGENCY POWER

Exit signs 101 1 .5.3, 2702.2.3

Group 1-3 408.4.2, 2702.2.17

Hazardous 414.5.4, 41 5.8.10

High-rise 403.1 1 , 2702.14

Means of egress illumination 1006.3

Underground buildings 405.10

EMPIRICAL DESIGN OF MASONRY. . . 2101.2.3, 2109

Adobe construction 2109.8

Anchorage 2109.7

Bond 2109.6

General 2109.1

Compressive stress requirements 2109.3

Lateral stability 2109.2

Lateral support 2109.4

Quality assurance 1708.1

Special Inspection 1 704.5

Thickness of masonry 2109.5

EMPLOYEE

Accessibility for work areas 907.9.1 .2,

1110B.1.2, 1123B

Qualifications A101

Termination of employment A101.4

Workstations 1123B.2

ENCLOSED, WALKWAY 3104

ENCROACHMENTS INTO THE
PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY Chapter 32

END-JOINTED LUMBER 2303.1.1

ENERGY EFFICIENCY Chapter 13

648

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

ENFORCING AGENCY 202

California Energy Commission 105

Caiifornia State Lands Commission 114

Corrections Standards Auttiority 103

Department of Consumer Affairs 104

Department of Food and Agricuiture 106

Department ofHeaitf) Services 107

Division of ttie State Architect-
Access Compiiance 109. 1

Division of ttie State

Arctiitect— Structural Safety 109.2

Housing and Community Development 108

Office of the State Fire Marshal Ill

Office of Statewide Health

Planning and Development 110

Special Conditions for Persons with Disabilities

Requiring Appeals Action Ratification 109. 1.5

State Librarian 112

ENGINEER (see definition for REGISTERED
DESIGN PROFESSIONAL)

ENTRANCE (definition) 202,11028

ENTRANCES, EXITS AND PATHS OF TRAVEL

(Building Accessibility) Chapter 11 A, 1133B

EQUIVALENT FACILITATION (definition) 202,

1107A.5-E, 11 023

EQUIVALENT OPENING FACTOR Figure 704.7

ESCALATORS 3005

Floor opening protection 707.2

Illumination 2702.2.4

Means of egress 1003.7

ESSENTIAL FACILITIES (see OCCUPANCY
CATEGORY) 1602.1

EXCAVATION, GRADING AND FILL 1803

EXISTING BUILDING

Accessibility 1 1348

Additions, alterations, or repairs 3403

Change of occupancy 3406

Definition (see BUILDING, EXISTING) 202

Flood resistant Appendix G

General (accessible existing buildings) 1 134B.2

Historic 109.1, 1135B, 3407

Moved structures 3408

Rodentproofing Appendix F

EXIT (see MEANS OF EGRESS) 1018-1023

Accessibility 1 133B. 1

Aisles 1014.4, Chapter 11A,

Chapter 1 1B, 11 33B.6

Aisles with tables 1014.4.3

Boiler rooms 1015.3

Construction 706.1

Corridors 1017

Courts 1024.5

Definition 202, 1002. 1, 1 102B

Discharge 1024

Enclosure 1020.1

Entrances and exterior ground

floor exit doors 1 133B. 1. 1. 1

Fire resistance 706.3, 1 020

Furnace rooms 1015.3

Horizontal 1022

Illumination 1006.1

Incinerator rooms 1015.3

Interior finish Table 803.5

Mezzanines 505.3, 1004.6

Number, minimum 1019.1

Passageway 1 021

Path, common 1014.3

Refrigerated rooms or spaces 1015.5

Refrigeration machinery rooms 1015.4

Signs 1011

Temporary restrictions (entrances) . . . 1133B.1.1.1.2

Travel distance 1016

Underground buildings 405.8

EXIT ACCESS
(see MEANS OF EGRESS) 1014-1017

EXIT DISCHARGE
(see MEANS OF EGRESS) 1024

EXIT LADDER DEVICES 3411.6.1

EXIT PASSAGEWAY
(see MEANS OF EGRESS) 1021

EXIT SIGNS 101 1

Accessibility 1007.6.4, 1007.6.5,

1007.7,1007.8.3,1011.3

Special amusement buildings 41 1 .7

Tactile 1011.3

EXPLOSIVES Table 414.5.1, Table 415.3.1,

Table 415.3.2

EXPLOSIVES (SFM) 434

EXPOSURE CATEGORY (see WIND LOAD) . . 1609.4
EXTERIOR AREAS FOR

ASSISTED RESCUE 1007.8

EXTERIOR EXIT BALCONIES 1133B.3

EXTERIOR ROUTES OF TRAVEL 1 127B

EXTERIOR WALLS

(see WALLS, EXTERIOR) 704, Chapter 14

FACILITY (or FACILITIES)

Accessibility Chapter 11 A, 11 14B

FACTORY OCCUPANCY (GROUP F) 306

Accessibility (factories and warehouses) . . . . 1 107B

Dead end corridor ' 1017.3

Low hazard occupancy 306.3

Moderate hazard occupancy '. . . 306.2

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

649

INDEX

Smoke and heat vents 910.2

Travel distance 1 016.1

FAMILY (definition) 202

FARM BUILDINGS Appendix C

FASTENING, WOOD CONSTRUCTION 2304.9

FEES PERMIT 108

Refunds 108.6

Related fees 108.5

Work commencing before issuance 108.4

FENCES 312.1

FIBERBOARD 2302.1, 2303.1.5

Shear wall 2306.4.4

FILL MATERIAL 1803.5

FINGER-JOINTED LUMBER (see END-JOINTED

LUMBER)
FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS

Aerosol- storage 907.2.16

Assembly 907.2.1

Audible alarm 907.9.2

Audible alarm signal 907.9.2. 1, ANSI S3.41-96

Battery room 907.2.23

Construction documents 907.1 .1

Covered mall 907.2.20

High-rise 907.2.12

Lumber mills 907.2.17

Occupancy requirements 907.2

Special amusement buildings 907.2.11

Underground buildings 907.2.18, 907.2.19

Visible alarm 907.9.1

FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL 907.3

FIRE BARRIERS 706

FIRE COMMAND STATION 403.7, 403.8, 91 1

FIRE DAMPERS 716.2-716.5

FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS 402.16

FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM, AUTOMATIC

Airport traffic control towers 412.1 .4

Airport traffic control towers accessibility. . . . 412.1 .6

High-rise buildings 403.5

Institutional occupancy 407.2.1, 407.2.3, 407.6

Special amusement buildings 41 1 .3

FIRE DISTRICT Appendix D

FIRE DOOR

(see OPENING PROTECTIVES) 714, 1020.1.1

FIRE ESCAPE 3404

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, PORTABLE 906

FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS,
NON-WATER BASED 904

FIRE PARTITION 708, 716.5.4

FIRE PROTECTION

Alarm, audible 907.9.2

Alarm, emergency systems 908

Alarms, visible 907.9.1

Explosion control 414.5.1 , 91 1

Fire extinguishers, portable 906

Glazing, rated 715.2

Smoke and heat vents 910

Smoke control systems 909

Sprinkler systems 903

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS 901.2

FIRE RESISTANCE

Calculated 721

Conditions of restraint 703.2.3

Ducts and air transfer openings 716

Joint systems 713

Prescriptive 720

Ratings Chapter 6, 703, 704.5, 706

Tests 703

Thermal and sound insulating materials 719.1

FIRE RESISTANCE, CALCULATED 721

Clay brick and tile masonry 721 .4

Concrete assemblies 721 .2

Concrete masonry 721 .3

Steel assemblies 721 .5

Wood assemblies 721 .6

FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED WOOD 2303.2

Awnings 3105.3

Balconies 1406.3

Canopies 3105.3

Concealed spaces 717.5

Fastening 2304.9.5

Fire wall vertical continuity 705.6

Partitions 603.1

Platforms 410.4

Roof construction Table 601 , 705.6, 1505

Shakes and shingles 1505.6

Veneer 1405.4

FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE Table 602, 702

Exterior walls 1406.2.1 .1

FIRE SHUTTER (see OPENING

PROTECTIVES) 715.4, 715.4.8, 715.4.9,

Table 715.5

FIRE WALLS 705

Combustible framing 705.7

Exterior intersecting walls 705.5.1

Fire-resistance rating 705.4

Materials 705.3

Openings, protected 705.8

Structural stability 705.2

FIRE WINDOWS (see OPENING PROTECTIVES)

FIREBLOCKING 717.2

Chimneys 717.2.5, 2113.20

Fireplaces 21 1 1 .12

Wood construction 717.2.1, 717.2.7, 1406.2.4

Wood stairs 717.2.4

650

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

FIREPLACES, FACTORY-BUILT 2111.14.1

FIREPLACES, MASONRY 2102.1

Combustibles 21 1 1 .1 1

General provisions 21 1 1

Hearth extension 2111.9,2111.10

Steel units 2111.5.1

FIREWORKS 307.3

FIXED GUIDEWAY TRANSIST

SYSTEMS 303.2, 433

Fire alarm and communication systems . . . 907.2.26

FIXED OR BUILT-IN SEATING, TABLES,
AND COUNTERS 1122B

FLAMESPREAD 802, Table 803.5

FLAMMABLE AND
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 415.6.2

FLAMMABLE FINISHES 416

Fire protection 416.4

FLAMMABLE SOLIDS 307.5, 415.1

FLASHING 1503.2, 1507.3.9, 1507.5.6,

1507.7.6, 1507.8.7, 1507.9.8, 1510.6

Roof 1503.2

Wall, veneer 1405.3, 1405.11.7

FLOOD-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION

Elevation certificate 109.3.3

Existing 3403.1, 3407.2, 3410.2.4.1

Flood loads . . 1602.1, 1603.1, 1612, 3001.2, 3102.7

Flood resistance 1403.5, 1403.6

Flood resistant construction Appendix G

Grading and fill 1803.4, 1807.1.2.1

Interior finishes 801 .1 .3

Site plan 106.2

Ventilation, under floor 1203.3.2

FLOOR/CEILING (see FLOOR CONSTRUCTION)

FLOOR CONSTRUCTION (see FLOOR
CONSTRUCTION, WOOD)

Draft stopping 717.3

Fire resistance 71 1

Live loads. . 1607.3, 1607.4

Materials Chapter 6

Penetration of fire-resistant assemblies . . 711.5, 712

FLOOR CONSTRUCTION, WOOD

Beams and girders 2304.1 1.2.4, 2308.7

Bridging/blocking 2308.8.5, 2308.10.6

Diaphragms 2305.2

Fastening schedule 2304.9.1

Framing 602.4.2, 2304.4

Joists 2308.8

Sheathing 2304.7

FLOOR COVERING 804.1 , 804.2

FLOOR FINISH, INTERIOR 804

FLOOR LEVEL AT DOORS 1008.1.4

FLOOR LOADS

Construction documents 1603.1.1

Live 1607.3, 1607.4

Posting 1 603.3

FLOORS AND LEVELS 1120B

FLOOR OPENING PROTECTION
(see VERTICAL OPENING PROTECTION)

FOAM PLASTICS 402.15.5

Attics 719.3.1, 2603.4.1.6

Cold storage 2603.4.1 .2

Concealed 603

Crawl space 2603.4.1 .6

Density mall signs 402.15.5.1

Doors 2603.4.1.7

Exterior walls of multistory buildings 2603.5

Interior finish 801 .2.2, 2603.9, 2604

Label/identification 2603.2

Roofing 2603.4.1 .5

Siding backer board 2603.4.1 .10

Stages and platform scenery 410.3.6

Surface burning characteristics 2603.3

Thermal barrier requirements 2303.4, 2603.5.2

Thickness 402.15.5.2

Trim 806.3, 2604

Walk-in coolers 2603.4.1 .3

FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING .... 1025.1.1

Accessibility 1104B.3, 1104B.4

Egress 1025. 1. 1

Footboards 1025. 1. 1

Occupant load 1004.7

FOOD COURT 402.2

Occupant load 402.4.1.4

FOOTBOARDS 402.4.1.4, 1025.1.1

FOOTINGS AND FOUNDATIONS 1805

FORMWORK, CONCRETE 1906

FOUNDATION

Basement wall loads 1610

Footing design 1 801 .2, 1 805.4.1

Pier 1808,1812

Pile (see PILE FOUNDATIONS) 1808, 1809,

1810,1811

Required for wood buildings 2308.6

Rodentproofing Appendix F

Soils investigation (see SOILS AND

FOUNDATIONS) 1802.2, 1802.4

Special inspections 1704.4, 1704.8, 1704.9

Waterproofing and dampproofing 1 807

FOYERS

Assembly occupancy 1 025.4

Covered mall 402.1

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

651

INDEX

FRATERNITIES 310

FREE-STANDING PEDESTAL 202, 1101 C. 1

FROST PROTECTION 1805.2.1

FULL-TIME CARE (definition) 310.2

FURNACE ROOMS 1015.3

GALLERIES

Means of egress 410.3.2, 1015.6.1, 1025.5

Sprinklers 410.6

GARAGE, AUTOMOBILE PARKING 406.2

Accessible provisions . . Chapter 11 A, 1129B, 11 308

Barriers, vehicle 406.2.4, 1607.7.3

Beneath other occupancies 406.2.7, 509

Construction type 406.3.3, Table 503, Table 601

Enclosed 406.4

Guards 406.2.3

Live load Table 1607.1

Occupancy separation 508.3.3, 509

Occupant load Table 1004.1.2

Open 406.3

Sprinklers 903.2.9

Underground 405

GARAGE, REPAIR 406.6

Floor surface 406.6.4

Gas-detection system 406.6.6, 908.5

Sprinklers 903.2.8.1

Ventilation 406.6.3

GARAGES, TRUCK AND BUS

Live load 1607.6

Sprinklers 903.2.9.1

GARAGES AND CARPORTS, PRIVATE . 406.1, 508.2
Area limitations 406.1 .2

GATES. 1008.2

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS CA Chapter 1

GIFT SHOPS 407.2.4

GIRDERS

Fire resistance Table 601

Materials Chapter 6

Wood construction 2304.1 1 .2.4, 2308.7

GLASS (see GLAZING)

GLASS BLOCK (see GLASS UNIT MASONRY)

GLAZING

Athletic facilities 2408

Doors. . 704.12.1, 709.5, 715.4.3.2, 1405.12, 1714.5

Fire doors 715.4.4.1, 715.4.6

Fire resistant walls 715.4.3.2

Fire windows 714.5, 715.5

Handrails and guards 1013.1, 2406.3, 2407

Identification 2403.1 , 2406.2

Impact loads 2406.1 , 2408.2.1

Impact resistance 1609.1 .2

Jalousies 2403.5

Label/identification. . . . 715.4.5.1, 715.4.6.3, 715.5.8

Loads 2404

Louvered windows 2403.5

Nonwired 71 5.4.4

Opening protectives 715.2

Railings 2407

Replacement 2401 .2, 3405

Safety 715.4.6.4, 2406

Skylights 2405

Sloped 2404.2, 2405

Swimming pools 2406.3

Supports 2403.2

Testing 1714.5, 2406.1.1, 2408.2.1

Veneer 1405.11

Vertical 2404.1

Wired 715.5.3

GLASS UNIT MASONRY 2102.1, 2110

Atrium enclosure 404.5

Design method 2101 .2.5

Fire resistance 21 10.1 .1

Hazardous locations 2406.1.3, 2406.3.1

Material requirements 2103.6

Placing 2104.1.2.4

GRAB BAR 1127A.2, 1115B.7

Definition 202, 1107A.7-G

GRADE (adjacent ground elevation) (definition) . 202

GRADE (PLANE) 502

GRADE, LUMBER (see LUMBER) 2302.1

GRAIN ELEVATORS 415.6.1.5

GRANDSTANDS 303.1, 1025.1.1

Accessibility 1104B.4

Exit signs 1011

Live load Table 1607.1

Occupant load 1004.7

GREENHOUSES

Area Table 503

Classification of 312.1

Deflections Table 1604.3

Membranes 3102.1

Plastic 2606.1 1

Roof live load 1607.1 1.2.1

Sloped glazing 2405

GRIDIRON

Means of egress 410.3.2, 1015.6.1

Sprinklers 410.6

GRINDING ROOMS 415.6.1.2

652

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

GROSS LEASABLE AREA (see COVERED MALL

BUILDINGS) 402

GROUND AND FLOOR SURFACES 1124B

GROUND FLOOR (definition) 202, 1107A.7-G

GROUND SNOW LOADS 1608.2

GROUT 712.3.1,712.4.1,2103.12

GUARD (or GUARDRAIL) definition .... 202, 1002. 1

GUARDS 1013

Bleachers 1 025.1 .1

Equipment platform 505.5.3

Folding and telescopic seating 1025.1 .1

Glazing 1303.1, 2406.3, 2407

Grandstands 1025.1.1

Loads 1607.7

Mechanical equipment 1013.5

Opening limitations 1013.3

Parking garage 406.2.4

Ramps 1010.10

Residential 1013.2

Screen porches 1013.4

GUTTERS 1503.4.1

GY!\/!NASIUI\/IS

Live load Table 1607.1

Occupant load 1 004.1

Occupancy separation 508.3.1

GYPSUIVI Chapter 25

Aggregate, exposed 2513

Board Chapter 2

Concrete, reinforced 1914

Construction 2508

Diaphragms 2508.5

Draft stopping 717.3.1

Exterior soffit Table 2506.2

Fastening 2306.4.5.1.4, Table 2306.4.5, 2508.1

Fire resistance 721 .2.1 .4, 721 .6.2

Fire-resistant joint treatment 2508.4

Inspection 2503

Lath 2507,2510

Lathing and furring for cement plaster 718, 2510

Lathing and plastering 2507

Materials 2506

Plaster, interior 251 1

Plaster, exterior 2512

Shear wall construction . . . 2306.4.5, 2308.9.3, 2505

Sheathing. 2304.6.1

Showers and water closets 2509

Stucco 2510

Veneer base 2507.2

Veneer plaster 2507.2

Vertical and horizontal assemblies 2504

Wallboard Table 2506.2

Water-resistant backing board 2506.2, 2509.2

HALLWAYS 1133B.3

HANDRAILS 1009.10, 1012, Chapter 11 A,

Chapter 1 1B, 1133B.4.1, 1607.7

Alternating tread devices 1 009.9

Assembly aisles 1025.13

Bleachers 1025.1 .1

Definition 202, 1002. 1, 1 102B

Ends returned 1 133B.4.2.3

Folding and telescopic seating 1025.1.1

Glazing 2407

Grandstands 1025.1.1

Grasp ability 1012.3

Guards 1013.2

Handgrips 1 133B.4

Loads 1607.7

Projection 1012.5

Ramps 1010.8

Stairs 1009.10

HARDBOARD 1404.3.2, 2302.1, 2303.1.6

HARDWOOD

Fastening 2304.9

Quality 2303.1.8.1, 2303.3

Veneer 1404.3.2

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 414

Control areas 414.2

Explosion control 414.5.1, Table 414.5.1,

415.6.1.4,415.8.5.4

Special provisions 415.4, 415.5

Sprinklers Table 414.2.5(1), Table 414.2.5(2),

415.5.2,415.6.2.4

Ventilation 414.3, 415.6.2.8, 415.8.2.6,

415.8.4.3 415.8.5.7,415.8.6.3

Weather protection 414.6.1

HAZARDS 1 133B.8

HEAD JOINT, MASONRY 2102.1

Bonding pattern 21 09.6.5

Thickness , 2104.1.2.1

HEADER, MASONRY (BONDER) 2102.1

HEADROOM 1003.1, 1008.1.1, 1009.2, 1010.5.2

HEALTH CARE
(see INSTITUTIONAL 1-1 and INSTITUTIONAL 1-2)

Clinics 304

Hospitals 308

HEALTH CARE PROVIDER (definition) . . 202, 1 102B

HEALTH-HAZARD MATERIALS 307.2

HEAT DETECTORS 907.2.24.4

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

653

INDEX

HEAT VENTS 910

HEATING (see MECHANICAL)

Aircraft hangars 412.2.4

Parking garages 406.2.8

Repair garages 406.6.5

HEIGHT, BUILDING Chapter 5

Limitations 503

iVIixed construction types 509.1

IVIodifications 504

Roof structures 504.3

HEIGHT, STORY 502.1

HIGH-HAZARD OCCUPANCY (GROUP H) . . 307, 415

Accessibility 1 108B

Classification 307

Combustibie iiquids 415.6.2

Control areas 414.2

Conveyors 415.6.1.3

Corrosives Table 414.2.5(1), 414.3

Cryogenic fluids .. .Table 414.5.1, Table 415.8.2.1.1

Dispensing, use and handling 414.7.2

Dry cleaning (see DRY CLEANING PLANTS)

Emergency alarm systems 908.1 , 908.2

Exceptions 307.1

Exempt 307.1

Explosives Table 414.5.1, Table 415.3.1

Factory industrial F-1 moderate

hazard occupancy 306

Factory industrial F-2 low

hazard occupancy 306.3

Fire alarm, manual 901 .6.3

Flammable liquids 41 5.6.2

Flammable solids 307.2, Table 307.7(1)

Grinding rooms 41 5.6.1 .2

Group H-1 307.3

Group H-2 307.4

Group H-3 307.5, 415.7

Group H-4 307.6, 415.7

Group H-5 307.7, 415.8

Health-hazard materials 415.2, Table 414.2.5(1),

41 5.4, 41 5.8.6.2, Table 41 5.8.2.1 .1

Height 415.4, 415.5

Interior finishes 416.2.1, 416.3.1

Irritants Table 414.2.5(1), Table 415.8.2.1.1

Liquid, highly toxic and toxic 415.7.3, 908.3

Location on property 415.3

Multiple hazards 307.8

Organic peroxides Table 415.3.2

Oxidizers, liquid and solid 415.5.1

Pyrophoric materials 415.4.1, 415.5.1

Sensitizers Table 415.8.2.1 .1

Separation from other occupancies . . Table 415.3.1 ,

415.6.3.4.1

Solids, highly toxic and toxic 415.7.3,

Table 415.8.2.1.1, 908.3

Special provisions H-2, H-3 415.4, 415.5

Sprinklers . . . 415.5.2, 415.6.2.4, 415.8.6.3, 415.8.9,
415.8.10.1, 415.8.11, 704.8.1, 903.2.4

Standby power systems 2702.2.10-2702.2.13

Storage and dispensing 414.1, 414.5, 414.6

Tank protection 415.6.2.2, 415.6.2.3

Unstable materials Table 41 4.2.5(1),

Table 414.5.1, Table 415.3.2, 415.5.1 , 415.8

Water-reactive materials Table 415.3.2, 415.5,

415.5.1,415.5.2, 415.8, Table 415.8.2.1.1

HIGH PILED COMBUSTIBLE
STORAGE 413, 907.2.14, 910.2.2

HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS 403

Applicability to new high-rise buildings 403. 1

Automatic fire detection 403.5, 907.2.12

Automatic sprinkler system 403.2

Elevators 403.9, 1124A, 1116B, 3001.1

Existing high-rise buildings 3412

Fire command station 403.8

Fire department communication 403.7

Smokeproof enclosure 1020.1.8

Sprinklers 403.3, 903.3.1.1

Stairway door operation 403.12

Standby power, light and

emergency systems 403.10, 2702.2.15

Voice alarm 403.6, 907.2.12

Zones 907.8.2

HISTORICAL BUILDINGS 202 Part 8

Accessibility 1119B, 1135B

HOLDING FACILITY (definition) 308.4.6

HORIZONTAL EXIT 1022

Doors 1022.3

Fire resistance 1 022.2

Institutional 1-3 occupancy 408.2, 1022.1

Institutional 1-2 occupancy 1022.1

HORIZONTAL FIRE SEPARATION 704

Combustible projections 704.2

HOSE CONNECTIONS
(see STANDPIPES, REQUIRED)

HOSPITAL

Application 1224.2

Definitions 1224.3

General construction 1224.4

Reserved 1224.5-1224. 13

Scope 1224. 1

HOSPITAL - BASIC SERVICES

Anesthesia service space 1224. 16

Clinical laboratory service space 1224. 17

Dietetic service space 1224.20

Nursing service space 1224. 14

654

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

Pharmaceutical service space 1224. 19

Radiological/imaging service space 1224.18

Surgicai service space 1224. 15

HOSPITAL - SUPPORT SERVICES

Administration space 1224.21

Central sterile supply 1224.22

Employee dressing rooms and lockers 1224.25

Housekeeping rooms 1224.26

Laundry 1224.27

Morgue and autopsy facilities 1224.24

Storage 1224.23

HOSPITAL - SUPPLEMENTAL SERVICES

Emergency service 1224.33

Intensive care units 1224.29

Intermediate-care service space 1224.38

Nuclear medicine 1224.34

Obstetrical facilities (perinatal unit) 1224.32

Outpatient service space 1224.39

Pediatric and adolescent unit 1224.30

Psychiatric nursing unit 1224.31

Rehabilitation therapy department 1224.35

Renal dialysis service space 1224.36

Respiratory therapy service space 1224.37

Skilled nursing service space 1224.40

Social service space 1224.41

Supplemental surgery services 1224.28

HOTEL (or MOTEL) (definition) 202

HOUSING UNIT (definition) 308.4.6

HURRICANE SHUTTERS 1609.1.2

HURRICANE PRONE REGIONS (see WIND
LOADS). 1609.2

IDENTIFICATION, REQUIREMENTS FOR

Glazing 2403.1, 2406.4

Inspection certificate 1702.1

Label, information required on 1703.5.3

Pier and pile materials 1808.2.20

Preservative-treated wood 2303.1 .8.1

Structural Steel 2203.1

INFANT (definition) 310.2

IMPACT LOAD 1602.1, 1607.8

INCINERATOR ROOMS 1015.3

INDEPENDENT ENTITY (definition) 202

INDUSTRIAL (see FACTORY OCCUPANCY)

INSPECTIONS 109

Approval required 109.6, 1704.1

Atrium buildings ' . 909.3

Concrete slab 109.3.2

EIFS 1704.12

Energy efficiency 109.3.7

Fabricators 1704.2

Fees 1 08

Final 109.3.10

Fire-resistant materials 1707.1 1

Fire-resistant penetrations 109.3.6

Footing or foundation 109.3.1

Frame 1 09.3.4

General 109.1

Lath or gypsum board 109.3.5, 2503

Liability 104.8

Pier 1704.9

Pile 1704.8, 1808.2

Preliminary 109.2

Reinforcing steel 1704.4

Required 109.3

Right of entry 104.6

Seismic 1 707

Special 109.3.9, 1704.13

Sprinklers 904.4

Steel, structural 1704.3, 1704.11.3.2

Signs 1117B.5.1 Item 4

Steel framing, cold-formed 1704.3

Third party 109.4

Welding 1704.3.1,2204.1

Wood, structural 1704.6

INSTITUTIONAL 1-1 308.2

Emergency egress 1026

Fire alarm 907.2.6.1

Notification appliances for

hearing impaired. 907. 1.5

Visible alarms 907.9.1 .3

Sprinl<lers 903.2.5, 903.3.2

INSTITUTIONAL 1-2 308.3

Combustible decorations 806.1

Corridor width 1 01 7.2

Exterior exit stair 1 023.2

Fire alarm and detection 907.2.6

Special requirements 407

Sprinklers 903.2.5, 903.3.2

Suites 1014.2

Openings in smoke barriers 909.5.2, 709.5

INSTITUTIONAL 1-2.1 AMBULATORY CARE
FACILITY. 308.3.2

INSTITUTIONAL 1-3 308.4

Exit sign exemption 101 1 .1

Openings in smoke barriers 909.5.2

Special requirements 408

INSTITUTIONAL 1-4 308.5

Corridor rating 1017.1

Fire alarm 907.2.6

Sprinklers 903.2.5

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

655

INDEX

INSTITUTIONAL OCCUPANCY (GROUP I) 308

Accessibility 1 109B

Adult care 308.5.1

Child care. 308.3.1, 308.5.2

Group 1-1 308.2

Group 1-2 308.3, 407

Group 1-3 308.4, 408

Group 1-4 day care facilities 308.5

Sprinkler system, automatic 903.2.5

INSTITUTIONAL, EXISTING 3413

INSULATION

Concealed 719.2

Duct insulation 719.1

Exposed 719.3

Fiberboard 2303.1.5.2, 2303.1.5.3

Foam plastic (see FOAM PLASTICS) 7 19.1

Roof 719.5

Thermal 719

INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

Lighting 1205

Rodent proofing Appendix F

Sound transmission 1207

Space dimensions 1208

Temperature control 1204

Ventilation 1203.4

Yards or courts 1206.2, 1206.3

INtERIOR FINISHES Chapter 8

Acoustical ceiling systems 803.9

Application 803.4, 804.4

Atriums 404.7

Decorative materials 801 .1 .2, 806

Floor finish 804

Foam plastic insulation 2603.3, 2603.4

Foam plastic trim 806.3

Light-transmitting plastics 2606

Signs 402.1 5, 261 1

Wall and ceiling finishes 803

INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESSIBILITY
(definition) 202, 1107A.9-I, 1102B

INTERPRETATION, CODE 104.1

JOINT

Concrete construction joints 1906.4

Gypsum board 2306.4.5.1.1, 2508.4

Lumber sheathing 2308.10.8.1

Masonry reinforcement 2103.11.2, 2109.7.2.3

Shotcrete 1913.7

Structural plain concrete 1909.3

Waterproofing 1807.3.3

JOINTS, FIRE-RESISTANT SYSTEMS 713

KICK PLATE (definition). . ..202, 1107A.11-K, 1102B

KITCHENS 1133A, 11178.3

KIOSKS 402.10

LABORATORIES

Classification of 304.1, 508.2

Existing Group L occupancies 3414

Fire alarm system 907.2.28

Hazardous materials 414

Incidental use Table 508.2

State Fire Marshal requirements 443

LAMINATED TIMBER, STRUCTURAL
GLUED 602.4, 2301.3

LANDINGS

Doors 1008.1.5

Ramp 1010.6

Stair 1009.4, 3403.4

LARGE-FAMILY DAY CARE HOMES
(definition) 310.2, 445

LATH, METAL OR WIRE Table 2507.2

LAUNDRIES 304.1 , 306.2, Table 508.2

LAUNDRY CHUTE 707.13, 903.2.10.2

LEGAL (see LIABILITY)

Federal and state authority 1 02.2

Liability 104.8

Notice of violation 1 13.2, 1 15.3

Registered design professional 106.1, 106.3.4

Right of entry 1 04.6

Unsafe buildings or systems 115

Violation penalties 113.4

LEVEL ACCESSIBLE AREA
(definition) 202, 1101C.1

LEVEL AREA (definition) . . . 202, 1 107 A. 12-L, 1 1028

LIBRARIES

Classification, other than school 303.1

Classification, school 305.1, 508.3.1

Live load Table 1607.1

LIFT, SPECIAL ACCESS -.202,1 107 A. 12-L,

1102B, 1116B.2

LIGHT, REQUIRED 1205.1

LIGHTING, EMERGENCY (see EMERGENCY
LIGHTING)

LIGHTS, PLASTIC CEILING DIFFUSERS 2606.7

LINTEL

Adobe 2109.8.4.7

Fire resistance 714.6

Masonry 2104.1 .5

Masonry, wood support 2304.12

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS 415.6.3

656

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

LISTED (definition) 202

LISTING AGENCY (definition) 202

LIVE LOADS 1602.1, 1607

Construction documents 1603.1.1

Posting of 1603.3

LOAD COMBINATIONS 1605

Strength design or load and

resistance factor design 1605.2

Allowable stress design 1605.3

Special seismic load combinations 1605.4

LOADS 1602.1

Combinations 1605

Dead 1602.1,1606

Flood 1603.1.6, 1612

Impact 1602.1, 1607.8

Live 1603.1.1, 1603.3, 1607

Pile foundation .1808, 1811

Rain 1611

Seismic 1603.1.5, 1613

Snow 1603.1.3, 1608

Soil lateral 1610

Structural Chapter 1 6

Wind 1603.1.4, 1609

LOBBIES

Assembly occupancy 1025.4

Elevator 707.14.1, 1007.2.1, 1007.4

LOBBY (definition) 202

LOCAL ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 108.3.1

LOCKS AND LATCHES 1008.1.8.3

Delayed egress locks 1008.1.8.6

Institutional 1-3 occupancy 408.4

LODGING HOUSE (definition) 202

LUMBER

General provisions Chapter 23

Quality standards 2303

M
MAINTENANCE

Accessibility 1 101B.3

MALL (see COVERED MALL BUILDINGS)

MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX 907.3

MANUFACTURED HOMES

Flood resistant G501

MARKED CROSSING (definition) 202,

1107A.13-M, 1102B

MARQUEES 3106, H113

Live load Table 1 607.1

MASONRY

Adhered veneer 1405.9

Adobe 2109.8

Anchorage 1604.8.2, 2106.2, 2109.7

Anchored veneer 1405.5

Ashlars stone 21 02.1

Autociaved aerated concrete (AAC) . . 2102.1 , 2103.3

Bond 2109.6

Cavity wall 2109.4.2

Chimneys 2113

Cold weather construction 2104.3

Compressive stress requirements 2109.3

Construction 2104, 2109.8.4

Construction documents 2101 .3

Corbelled 2104.2

Dampproofing 1 807

Design, methods 2101.2, 2107-2109

Fire resistance, calculated 721.3.2, 721.3.4

Fireplaces 2101.3.1,2111

Floor anchorage ; 1604.8.2, 2109.7.3

Foundation walls 1805.5

Foundations, adobe 21 09.8.4.3

Glass unit 2101.2.5, 2103.5, 2110

Grouted , . .2102.1

Headers (see BONDING, MASONRY) .... 2109.6.2

Hollow units 2104.1.2.2

Hot weather construction 2104.4

Inspection, special 1704.5

Joint reinforcement 2103.1 1 .2,

2108.9.2.2,2109.7.2.3

Lateral stability 2109.2

Lateral support 2106.2, 2109.4

Materials 2103

Parapet walls 2109.5.5

Penetrations 712, 712.3.1

Quality assurance 1708.1, 2105

Rodent proofing Appendix F

Roof anchorage 1604.8.1, 2106.2, 2109.7.3

Rubble stone 21 02

Running bond 21 09.6.5

Seismic provisions 2106

Serviceability 1 604.3.4

Shear walls 21 06.1 .1

Solid 2104.1.2.3, 2109.6.2.1

Stacl< bond 2109.6.5.2

Stone 2103.3, 2109.8

Support (see also MASONRY,

Lateral support) 2304.12

Surface bonding 2103.8

Test procedures 1708.1.1, 2105.2.2.2

Thickness 2109.5

Tie, wall ,. .2104.1.3, 2109.6.3

Veneer 2101 .2.6, 2308.11.2

yi/all, composite 2102.1

Wall, hollow.. 2102.1

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

657

INDEX

Wall, intersecting 2109.7.2

Wall anchorage 1604.8.2, 2109.7

Waterproofing 1 807

Weep holes 2104.1.8

Wetting brick 2104.5

Wythe defined 2102.1

MATERIALS

Alternates 104.1 1

Aluminum Chapter 20

Concrete Chapter 19

Glass and glazing Chapter 24

Gypsum Chapter 25

Masonry Chapter 21

Noncombustible 703.4

Plastic Chapter 26

Steel Chapter 22

Testing (see TESTING) 1715

Wood Chapter 23

MEANS OF EGRESS Chapter 10

Accessible 1007, Chapter 11 A, Chapter 1 1B

Aircraft hangers, residential 412.3.3

Aisles . 1014.4, Chapter 11 A, Chapter 1 1B, 1133B.6

Assembly 1007.1, 1025

Atrium 404.8

Bleachers 1025.1 .1

Capacity 1005.1

Child care facilities (see DAY CARE FACILITIES)

Ceiling height 1003.2

Corridors 1017, 1133B.3

Covered mall buildings 402.4

Day care facilities 308.5.2, Table 1 004.1 .1 ,

Table 1015.1, Table 1019.2

Doors ... 1008, Chapter 11 A, Chapter 11 B, 1133B.2

Elevation change 1003.5

Elevators 1003.7

Emergency escape and rescue 1 026

Emergency lighting values 3410.6.15

Enclosures under stainvays 1009.5.3

Escalators .1003.7

Existing buildings 3409.6, 3410.5, 3410.6.11

Exit (see EXIT) 1018-1023

Exit access 1014-1017

Exit discharge 1 024

Exit doors 1018.2

Exit signs 1011

Fire escapes 3404

Floor surface 1003.4

Gates 1008.2

Grandstands 1025.1.1

Guards 1013

Handrails 1012, Chapter 11A,

Chapter 1 1B, 1133B.4.1

Hazardous materials 414.6.1 .2

Headroom 1003.1, 1008.1.1, 1009.2, 1010.5.2

High Hazard Group H 415.8.4.4

Helistops 412.5.4, 1019.1.2

Horizontal exits 1022

Illumination 1006

Institutional Group 1-2 407.4.2

Institutional Group 1-3 . . 408.2, 408.3, 408.5, 408.6.3

Mezzanines 505.3, 505.4, 1004.6, 1007.1

Minimum width 1005.1

Moving walk 1 003.7

Number 1019.1

Occupant load 1 004.1

Parking 406.3.8

Passageway 1 021

Path of egress travel, common 1014.3

Protruding objects 1003.3, 1005.2

Ramps 1010, 1023

Seating at tables 1014.4.3

Seating, fixed 1007.1 , 1025

Single exit 1015.1.1, 1019.2

Special amusement 411.2

Stage 410.3.3,410.5.3, 1015.6

Stairways 1009, 1020.1, 1023,

Chapter 1 1A, Chapter 1 1B, 1 133B.4

Temporary structures 3103.4

Travel distance 1016.1 , 1025.7

Turnstile 1008.3, 1110B.1.5, 1133B.2.3.4

Underground buildings 405.5.1, 405.8

Vertical exit enclosures 1020.1

Width 1005.1, Table 1005.1, 1025.6, 1025.8

MECHANICAL (see AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING,
REFRIGERATION, AND VENTILATION)
Air transfer openings . . 704.14, 705.11, 706.10, 716.5

Chimneys (see CHIMNEYS) 21 13

Code Chapter 28

Equipment on roof 1509, 1510.2

Factory-built fireplace 21 1 1 .14.1

Fireplaces 2111.1

Permit required 105.1

Room separation Table 508.2, 508.2.2

Seismic inspection and testing 1707.8, 1707.9,

1708.5

Smoke control systems 909

Systems 1613.2, Chapter 28

MECHANICALLY LAMINATED DECKING . . . 2304.8.3

MEMBRANE ROOF COVERINGS 1507.11,

1507.12, 1507.13

MEMBRANE STRUCTURES 2702.2.9, 3102

658

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

MENTAL HOSPITALS 308.3

MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS, PROFOUNDLY

OR SEVERELY (definition) 310.2

MERCANTILE OCCUPANCY (GROUP M)

Accessibility 11 10B

Aisles 1014.4.1, 1014.4.2

Area 505, 506, 507

Classification 309

Height 504

Interior finishes Table 803.5

Live load Table 1607.1

Sprinkler system, automatic 903.2.6

METAL

Aluminum Chapter 20

Roof coverings 1504.3.2, 1507.5

Steel Chapter 22

Veneer 1404.5

MEZZANINES 505

Accessibility 1007.1, 1103B.1

Area limitations 505.2, 505.5.1

Egress 505.3, 505.4, 1004.6, 1007.1

Guards 1013.1

Height 505.1

Stairs 707.2(9), 1009.9, 1020.1

MIRRORS 1008.1, 2406.3.1(7)

MIXED OCCUPANCY (see OCCUPANCY
SEPARATION)

MOISTURE PROTECTION 1403.2, 1503,

2303.2.3,2304.11

MONASTERIES 310.1

MORTAR 2102.1

Ceramic tile 21 03.4

Compressive stresses, masonry. . . . Table 2103.7(2)

Damp proofing 1 807

Fire resistance 712.3.1 , 712.4.1

Glass unit masonry 21 1 0.6

Material 2103.7

Placing 2104.1.2

Rodent proofing Appendix F

Surface-bonding 2102.1, 2103.8

l\/IOTEL (definition) 202

MOTELS 310.1

IVIOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION
PRODUCTION STUDIO SOUND STAGES,
APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES

AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS 903.2. 14

Existing sound stages and approved

production facilities 903.2. 14. 1

New sound stages 903.2. 14.2

MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ROOMS 409

Construction 409.2

Exhaust air 409.3.2

Lighting control 409.4

Projection room 409.3

Supply air 409.3.1 .1

Ventilation 409.3

MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING SYSTEM 406.5

Accessibility Chapter 1 10

MOTOR VEHICLE FACILITIES 304, 31 1 , 406

MOVING, BUILDINGS D103.3

MOVING WALKS 3005.2

IVieans of egress 1003.7

MULTIPLE-ACCOMMODATION TOILET

FACILITY 1115B.3.1

Definition 202

MULTISTORY DWELLING UNIT
(definition) 202, 1 107 A. 13-M

NAILING 2302.1 , 2303.6, 2304.9

NEWLY CONSTRUCTED

(definition) 202, 1 107 A. 14-N

NFPA (definition) ...202

NONAMBULATORY PERSONS (definition). ...310.2
NONCOMBUSTIBLE BUILDING MATERIAL . . . 703.4
NOSING (or NOSE) (definition). . . . 202, 1107A.14-N,

1102B
NURSING HOMES 308.3

OCCUPANCY

Accessory 508.3.1

Atriums 404.2

Certificates (see CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY)

Change 3405, 3409.4

Floor loads Table 1607.1

Special Chapter 4

OCCUPANCY CATEGORY 1602.1, 1604.5

Multiple occupancies 508, 1604.5.1

OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

Covered mall buildings 402

HPM 415.8

Mixed : 508.3

Mixed occupancy values 3410.6.16

Special Chapter 4

OCCUPANCY SEPARATION

Covered mall building 402.7.3.1

Incidental use areas 508.2, 706.3.4

Mixed 508

Parking garages. . Table 508.3.3(c), 406.1.4, 406.2.7

Repair garages 406.6.2

Required fire resistance Table 508.3.3

Residential aircraft hangars 412.3.2

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

659

INDEX

OCCUPANT LOAD

Certificate of occupancy 110

Covered mall building 402.4.1

Determination of 1004.1

Increased 1 004.2

Outdoors 1004.8

Seating, fixed 1004.7

Signs 1004.3

OCCUPIABLE SPACE (definition) 202

OFFICE BUILDINGS

Classification 304

Live loads Table 1 607.1

OPEN RISER (definition) . . . 202, 1107A.15-O, 1102B
OPENING PROTECTION, EXTERIOR WALLS . . 704.1
OPENING PROTECTION, FLOORS (see VERTICAL
OPENING PROTECTION)

OPENING PROTECTIVES 715

Automatic closing devices 715.2.7, 909.5.2

Fire door and sliutter assemblies . . 715.7.3.8, 715.4

Fire windows 715.5

Glazing 715.5

Glass unit masonry (see GLASS

UNIT MASONRY) 2110.1.1

Interior walls 708.6

Required fire resistance 715.5

Self-closing 715.4.7

OPERABLE PART (definition) 202, 1102B

ORGANIC COATINGS 418

ORGANIC PEROXIDES 307.4, 307.5

ORGANIZED CAiVIPS 302.1, 440, 907.2.25

OXIDIZERS, LIQUID AND SOLID 307.2

PANIC HARDWARE 1008.1.9

PARAPET, EXTERIOR WALL 704.11, 2109.5.5

Construction 704.11.1

Fire wall 705.6

Height 704.11.1

PARKING, ACCESSIBLE 1108A, 1129B, 11308

PARKING GARAGES (see GARAGE,

AUTOMOBILE PARKING) 406.2

Barriers, vehicle 406.2.4, 1602.1, 1607.7.3

Classification . . .' 406.2.1

Guards 406.2.3, 2407.1 .3

Height, clear . . . 406.2.2, Chapter 11 A, Chapter 115

Live loads Table 1607.1

Mixed separation 406.2.7

PARKING GARAGES, ENCLOSED 406.4

Heights and areas 406.4.1

Ventilation 406.4.2

PARKING GARAGES, OPEN 406.3

Area and height 406.3.5

Construction type 406.3.3

Stairs and exits 406.3.8

Standpipes 406.3.9

PARTICLEBOARD 2302.1

Draftstopping 717.3.1

Fastening 2304.9

Moisture protection 1403.2, 1405.2

Quality 2303.1 .7

Shear walls 2306.4.3

Veneer 1405.4

Wall bracing 2308.9.3

PARTITIONS

Materials 602.4.6, 603.1

Occupancy, specific 708.1

Structural 1607.5, 1607.13

PARTITIONS, FIRE 708

Construction, general 703

Continuity 508.2.2.1, 708.4

Exterior walls Table 602, 704.5, 708.5

Fire-resistance rating of walls 603.1(8), 708.3

Joint treatment gypsum 2508.4

Joints 713

Opening protection 715

Rated glazing ....;....... ; 715.5

PASSAGE DOOR (definition) 202, 1107A.16-P,

11028

PASSENGER DROP-OFF AND
LOADING ZONES 11318

PASSENGER ELEVATOR 202,

11028, 3001.3 (definition)

PASSENGER STATIONS 303

PASSAGEWAY, EXIT (see EXIT) 1021 .1

PASSAGEWAYS, Accessible 11158.5, 11338.2

PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR

Definition 202

PATHOFTRAVEL 11338

Definition 202, 11028

PATIO COVERS 2606.10

PEDESTRIAN

Definition 202, 1 107 A. 16-P, 1 1028

Protection at construction site 3306

Walkways and tunnels 3104

PEDESTRIAN GRADE

SEPARATION (definition) 202, 11028

Overpasses and underpasses / 1288

PEDESTRIAN RAMP
(definition) 202, 1 107 A. 16-P, 1 1028

PEDESTRIAN WAY
(definition) 202, 1 107 A. 16-P, 1 1028

660

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

PENALTIES 113.4

PENETRATION-FIRESTOP SYSTEM

Fire-rated walls 71 2.3.2

Fire-rated horizontal assemblies lAlAA.Z

PENETRATIONS 712

Fire partitions 708.7

Fire-resistant assemblies 712.3

Nonfire-resistant assemblies 712.4.2

PERLITE Table 720.1(1), Table 2507.2

PERMANENT (definition) 202

PERI\/IIT (definition) 202

PERMITS :.105

Application for 104.2, 105.1, 105.3

Drawings and specifications 106.1.1

Expiration 1 05.5

Fees 108

Liability for issuing 104.8

Placement of permit 1 05.7

Plan review 104.2, 106.3

Suspension or revocation 105.6

Time limitations 1 05.3.2, 1 05.5

PERSONS WiTH DiSABIUTIES

(definition) 202 1 107A. 16-P

PIER FOUNDATIONS 1808, 1812

Special inspections 1704.9, 1707.5

PILE FOUNDATIONS 1808

Base piles, enlarged concrete 1808.1 , 1810.2

Caisson 1808.1, 1810.7

Composite 1811

Concrete, cast-in-place 1810

Concrete, precast 1 809.2

Concrete-filled steel pipe and tube . . 1808.1 , 1810.6

Drilled or augered uncased 1810.3

Driven 1809, 1810.4

Micro piles 1808.1, 1810.8

Pile load, allowable 1808.2.8

Seismic design 1808.2.23,

1809.2.2.2.1-1809.2.3.2.2

Special inspections 1704.8

Steel, structural 1 809.3

Steel-cased 1808.1, 1810.5

Timber 1808.1, 1809.1

PIPES

Embedded in concrete 1 906.3

Embedded in fire protection 714.3

Insulation covering 719.7

Penetration protection 711, 1020.1.2

Under platform 41 0.4

PLAIN CONCRETE (see CONCRETE) 1909

PLAN REVIEW 106.3

PLASTER

Fire-resistance requirements 718

Gypsum 718.1, 718.2

Inspection 1 09.3.5

Portland cement 71 8.5, Table 2507.2,

Table 251 1.1.1

PLASTIC Chapter 26

Approval for use 2606.2

Finish and trim, interior 2604

Light-transmitting panels 2607

Roof panels 2609

Signs 402.15, 2611, D102.2.10, H107.1.1

Thermal barrier 2603.4

Veneer 1404.8, 2605, D102.2.11

Walls, exterior 2603.4.1 .4, 2603.5

PLASTIC, FOAM

Insulation (see FOAM PLASTICS) 2603

Interior finish 2604

Malls 402.15.5

PLASTIC, LIGHT-TRANSMITTING

Awnings and patio covers 2606.10

Bathroom accessories 2606.9

Exterior wall panels 2607

Glazing 2608

Greenhouses 2606.1 1

Light-diffusing systems 2606.7

Roof panels 2609

Signs, interior 261 1

Skylight 2610

Solar collectors 2606.12

Structural requirements 2606.5

Unprotected openings 2608.1, 2608.2

Veneer, exterior 603.1(12), 603.1(14), 2605

Wall panels 2607

PLATFORM (see STAGES AND PLATFORMS). . . 410

Construction 410.4

Definition 202, 410.2

Temporary 410.4.1

PLATFORM LIFTS,

WHEELCHAIR 1007.2, 1007.5,

1009.1, 1124A, 1116B.2

PLENUM

Underground buildings 907.2.18.1

PLUMBING

Facilities, minimum 2902

Fixtures Table 2902.1

Residential aircraft hangars 412.3.5

PLYWOOD 2302.1

. Bracing 2308.9.3

Decorative 2303.3

Design requirements 2301

Diaphragm 2305.2, 2306.3

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

661

INDEX

Fastening 2304.9

Fire-retardant treated 2303.2

Lateral loads, steel studs 221 1 .3, 2311 .7.4

Preservative-treated 2303.1.8.1, 2304.11

Quality 2303

Roof sheathing 2304.7, 2308.10.8

Seismic shear panels . . 2305.1.5, 2305.3, 2308.12.4

Standards 2306.1

Sub floors 804.4.1

Veneer 1405.4

POWDER ROOM (definition) 202, 1 107A. 16-P

POWER-ASSISTED DOOR (definition) 202

PRESCRIPTIVE FIRE RESISTANCE 720

PRESERVATIVE-TREATED WOOD 2302.1

Fastenings 2304.9.5

■ Quality 2303.1.8

Required 1403.5, 2304.1 1

Shakes, roof covering 1507.9.5, 1507.9.7

PRilVIARY ENTRY LEVEL (definition) 202,

1107A.16-P, 1102B

PRimiARY FUNCTION (definition) 202,11028

PROFESSIONAL OFFICE OF A

HEALTH CARE PROVIDER (definition). 202, 1 102B
PROJECTION ROOMS

IVIotion picture 409

PROJECTIONS, COMBUSTIBLE .... 704.2.3, 1406.3
PROPERTY LINE (see FIRE SEPARATION

DISTANCE) 704.3

PROSCENIUM

Opening protection 410.3.5

Wall 410.3.4

PROTECTIVE SOCIAL CARE FACILITIES
Notification appliances in

Group 1-1, R-3. 1 and R-4 907.9. 1.5

PROTRUDING OBJECTS (HAZARDS) .... 1133B.8.6

PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION 202, 1102B

PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM

Covered mall building 402.14, 2702.2.14

Special amusement buildings 41 1 .6

Underground buildings 405.7

SFM requlrments 907.2. 1.3

PUBLIC ENTRANCE (definition) 202

PUBLIC LIBRARIES 439

PUBLIC PROPERTY Chapter 32, Chapter 33

PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY

Encroachments Chapter 32

PUBLIC USE AREA (definition) ....202,1 107A. 16-P,

1102B

PUBLIC WAY (definition) 202, 1002. 1

PUBLICLY FUNDED (definition) 202

PYROPHORIC MATERIALS .... 307.4, Table 307.7(1)

QUALIFIED HISTORICAL
BUILDING (or PROPERTY).

.202, 1135B, Parts

RAIL TRANSIT BOARDING (definition) . . 202, 1102B
RAILING (see GUARDS and HANDRAILS)

RAMPS 1010.1

Accessible 1 133B.5

Assembly occupancy 1025.1 1

Construction 1010.7

Definition 202, 1 107A. 18-R

Handrails 1133B.5.5

Landings 1 133B.5.4

Outdoor 1133B.5.8

Parking garage 406.2.5

Slope 1010.2, 1133B.5.3

Wheel guides 1133B.5.6

Width (ramps) 1133B.5.2

REASONABLE PORTION 202

RECOMMEND 202

REFERENCED STANDARDS Chapter 35

Applicability 102.4

Fire resistance 703.2, 721 .7

List Chapter 35

Organizations Chapter 35

REFORMATORIES 308.4

REFRIGERATION (see MECHANICAL)

IVlachinery room 1015.4

REFUGE AREAS (see AREA OF REFUGE and
AREA FOR ASSISTED RESCUE, EXTERIOR)

REFUSE CHUTE 707.13

REINFORCED CONCRETE (see CONCRETE)

General 1901.2

Inspections 1704.4

REINFORCEMENT

Concrete 1907, 1913.4, 1915.4

Glass block 21 10.7

Masonry 2103.11

RELIGIOUS WORSHIP, PLACES OF

Classification 303, 305.1

Door operations 1008.1 .8.3

Egress 1025

Fire alarm 907.2.1

Interior finishes Table 803.5

Balcony enclosure 1025.5.1

Unlimited area 507.5

REMODELING (definition) 202

REPAIR (definition) ...202

REPAIRS, BUILDING

IVlinor 105.2.2

662

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

Permit required 105.1

RESIDENT HOUSING AREA, INSTITUTIONAL 1-3
OCCUPANCY

Fire detection 907.2.6.3.3

Occupant load 1004.1.2

Subdivision 408.7

RESIDENTIAL CARE/

ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES 308.1

Fire alarms 907.2.6, 907.9.1 .3

Separations Table 508.2, Table 508.3.3

Smoke alarms 907.2.1 0.1 .3

Sprinklers 903.2.5, 903.3.2

RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE

CHRONICALLY ILL (RCF/CI) (definition) ....310.2
RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR

THE ELDERLY (RCFE) (definition) 310.2

RESIDENTIAL FACILITY (RF) (definition) 310.2

RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY (GROUP R) 310

Accessibility Chapter 11 A, 111 IB,

1114B.1.1

Accessible route Chapter 1 1A

Alterations in existing facilities Chapter 1 1A

Area Chapter 5

Doors 1008.1.1, 1111B.4.2.3, 1133B.2

Draftstopping 717.4.2

Emergency escape 1 026.1

Heiglit Chapter 5

Interior finishes Table 803.5

Live load Table 1607.1

Parking under 509

Partitions 708.1

Smoke alarms 907.2.10

Sprinklers 903.2.7

Visible alarms 907.9.1 .3

RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY GROUP R-3.1 . . . 310. 1
Smol<e alarms in housing for

bedridden persons 907.2. 10. 1.5

Notification appliances for

hearing impaired. 907. 1.5

RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY GROUP R-4 310.1

Fire alarm system 907.2.8.4

Notification appliances for

hearing impaired 907. 1.5

RESEARCH LABORATORIES 302.1,443

RESTRAINT (definition) 308.4.6

RESTRICTED ENTRANCE (definition) 202

RETAINING WALLS 1806

REVIEWING STANDS (see BLEACHERS and

GRANDSTANDS) 1025.1.1

Live load Table 1 607.1

RISER (definition) 202,1 107A. 18-R, 1 102B

RISERS, STAIR (see STAIRWAY CONSTRUCTION)

Alternating tread device 1009.9.2

Assembly 1025.6.1, 1025.11

Closed 1009.3.3

General 1009.3

Spiral 1009.8

Uniformity 1009.3.2

RODENT PROOFING Appendix F

ROLL ROOFING 1507.6

ROOF ACCESS 1009.1 1 .1

ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

Cooling towers 1509.4

Drainage 1503.4

Fire classification 1 505

Height modifications 504.3

Impact resistance 1504.7

IVIaterials 1506

Parapet walls 1503.3

Penthouses 1509.2

Snow drift 1 608.8

Tanks 1509.3

Towers, spires, domes and cupolas 1 509.5

Weather protection 1503

Wind resistance 1504.1, 1609.5

ROOF CONSTRUCTION

Construction walkways 3306.7

Coverings (see ROOF COVERINGS) 1609.5.2

Deck 1609.5.1

Draft stopping 717

Fire resistance Table 601

Fire blocking 717.2

Live loads Table 1607.1 , 1607.1 1

Materials Chapter 6

Penetration of fire resistant assemblies 71 1 .5

Rain loads 1611

Roof structures 504.3, 1509, D1 02.2.9

Signs, roof mounted H1 1

Slope, minimum Chapter 15

Snow load 1603.1.3, 1608

Wood (see ROOF CONSTRUCTION, WOOD)

ROOF CONSTRUCTION, WOOD 602.4.5

Anchorage to masonry 1604.8.2, 2109.7.3.3

Attic access 1209.2

Ceiling joists .2308.10.2

Diaphragms 2305.2, 2306.3.2

Fastening schedule 2304.9

Framing 2304.10.3, 2308.10

Plank-and-beam 2306.1.2

Rafters 2306.1

Sheathing 2304.7, 2308.10.8

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

663

INDEX

Trussed rafters 2308.10.7.1

Ventilation, attic 1203.2

Wind uplift . .2308.10.1

ROOF COVERINGS 1507

All other areas (SFM) 1505. 1.3

Asphalt shingles 1507.2

Built up 1507.10

Clay tile 1507.3

Concrete tile 1507.3

Fire resistance 1 505

Flashing 1503.2, 1507.3.9, 1507.5.6

Impact resistance 1504.7

Insulation 1508

Liquid applied coating 1507.15

Membrane 3102

Metal panels 1507.4

Metal shingles 1507.5

Modified bitumen 1507.1 1

Plastics, light-transmitting panels 2609

Replacement/recovering 1510.3

Reproofing 1510

Roll 1507.6

Single-ply 1507.12

Slate shingles 1507.7

Sprayed polyurethane foam 1507.14

State responsibility areas 1505. 1.2

Thermoplastic single-ply 1507.13

Very high fire hazard severity zones 1505.1.1

Wildland-urban interface areas 1505. 1.4

Wind loads 1504.1, 1609.5

Wood shakes 1507.9

FIre-retardant treated 1505.6

Wood shingles 1508.8

FIre-retardant treated 7505.6

ROOF DRAINAGE 1503.4

ROOF PROTECTION FROM ADJACENT

CONSTRUCTION 3307.1

ROOF REPLACEMENT/RECOVERING 1510.3

ROOF VENTS 101 6.2

ROOM DIMENSIONS 1208

ROOMING HOUSE 310

RUNNING SLOPE (definition) 202,1 102B

SAFEGUARDS DURING

CONSTRUCTION Chapter 33

Adjoining property protection 3307

Construction 3302

Demolition 3303

Exits 3310

Fire extinguishers. 3309

Protection of pedestrians 3306

Sanitary facilities 3305

Site work 3304

Sprinkler system, automatic 3312

Standpipes 331 1

Temporary use of streets, alleys,
and public property 3308

SAFETY GLAZING 715.4.6.4, 2406

SANITARY FACILITY

Accessible bathtubs 11 15B.4.5

Accessible drinking fountains 1115B.4.6

Accessible fixtures 11 15B.4

Accessible lavatories 11 15B.4.3

Accessible showers 11 15B.4.4

Accessible sinks 1115B.4.7

Accessible urinals 11 15B.4.2

Accessible water closet 1115B.4.1

Bathing and shower facilities 1115B.2

Definition 202

General 1115B. 1

f\/lultiple-accommodation (toilet facilities). . 1115B.3.1

Passageways 11 15B.5

Separate and unisex facilities 11 15B. 1.2

Single-accommodation toilet facilities 1115B.3.2

Toilet facilities 1115B.3

When used by children 11 15B. 1.3

SCHOOLS (see EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCY)
SEATING, FIXED

Accessibility / 7066

Bleachers (see BLEACHERS)
Grandstands (see GRANDSTANDS)

Live load Table 1607.1

Occupant load 1004.7

Temporary 1 07

SECURITY GRILLES 1008.1.3.5

SEISMIC 1613

Loads 1613

Masonry 2106

Piers or piles 1808.2.23

Steel 2205

Soils investigation 1802.2.6, 1802.2.7

Structural observations 1707, 1709

Structural testing 1708

Ties, concrete footings 1 805.4.2.2

Ties, pile foundation 1808.2.23

Wood 2305, 2308.1 1 , 2308.12

SERVICE STATION (see MOTOR
FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES)

SHAFT (see SHAFT ENCLOSURE and
VERTICAL OPENING PROTECTION) 702

664

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

SHAFT ENCLOSURE (see VERTICAL

OPENING PROTECTION) 707

Construction 707.11, 707.12

Elevators 707.14

Fire- resistance rating 707.4

High-rise buildings 403.3.2

IVIaterials 707.3

Penetrations 707.8, 716.5.3

Refuse and laundry chutes 707.13

Required 707.2

SHALL (definition) 202

SHEAR WALL

Gypsum board and plaster 2505

Masonry .. 2102.1,2106.1.1,2109.2.1

Wood 2302.1 , 2305.3, 2306.4

SHEATHING

Clearance from earth 2304.1 1 .2.2

Fastening 2304.9

Fiberboard 2306.4.4

Floor 2304.7, 2308.8.6

Gypsum 2306.4.5.1 .6

Moisture protection 2304.1 1 .2.2

Particleboard 2306.4.3

Roof ,2304.7

Roof sheathing 2308.1 0.8

Wall 2304.6.1, 2308.9.3

Wood structural panels 2303.1 .4, 221 1 .3

SHOPPING CENTER (or SHOPPING MALL)
(definition) 202, 1102B

SHOPPING CENTERS 309

SHOTCRETE 1913

SHOULD 202

SHUTTERS, FIRE (see OPENING
PROTECTIVES) 715.4

SIDEWALKS 105.2(6)

Accessibility 1133B.7

Definition .202, 1107A.23-7

SIGNS 3107

Accessibility 1007.6, 1007.7, 1011.3,

1143A, 1117B.5, E107, E1 09.2.2

Animated devices HI 08

Area of refuge, accessible 1007.6.4, 1007.6.5

Area for assisted rescue, exterior 1007.8.3,

1118A.1

Covered mall building 402.15

Doors 1008.1.8, 1008.1.8.3

Electrical H106

Elevators 1124A, 11168

Exit 1011.1,2702.2.3

Floor loads 1603.3

Ground H109

Height limitation H109.1, H112.4

Illumination H106.1

Marquee H1 1 3

Occupant content, assembly 1 004.3

Parking spaces 1109A.8.8, 1129B

Plastic 2611

Portable H1 14

Projecting H1 12

Roof 1115A.5, H110, 1123A.5

Stair identification 1020.1.6

Standpipe control valve 905.7.1

Tactile floor designation

signs in stainvays 1020.1.6.2, 1133B.4.3

Wall H111

SINGLE-ACCOMMODATION SANITARY

FACILITY (definition) 202

Single-accommodation toilet facilities .... 1115B.3.2

SITE (definition) 202

SITE DEVELOPMENT (definition) 202

SITE DRAWINGS 106.2

SITE WORK 3304

SKILLED NURSING AND
INTERMEDIATE-CARE FACILITIES— GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS

Activity programming space 1225.7

Application 1224.2

Dietetic service space 1225.5

General construction. 1224.3

Nursing service space 1225.4

Ptiarmaceuticai service space 1225.6

Scope 1225. 1

SKILLED NURSING AND
INTERMEDIATE-CARE FACILITIES— OPTIONAL
SERVICES

General 1225. 14

Occupational therapy space 1225. 16

Physical therapy space 1225. 15

Social work service 1225. 18

Special treatment program space 1225. 19

Speech pathology and/or audiolgy service. . 1225. 1 7

SKILLED NURSING AND
INTERMEDIATE-CARE FACILITIES— SUPPORT
SERVICES

Administration space 1225.8

Employee dressing rooms and lockers 1225. 1 1

Laundry , 1225. 13

Housekeeping rooms 1225. 12

Sterile supplies 1225.9

Storage 1225. 10

SKYLIGHTS

Light, required 1205.1

Plastic 2610

Protection from adjacent construction 3307.1

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

665

INDEX

SLAB, COMPOSITE STEEL DECK/
CONCRETE 2209.2

SLAB ON GROUND, CONCRETE 1911,

2304.11.2.3
SLATE SHINGLES 1507.7

SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS
(definition) 202, 1107A.19-S, 1102B

SLOPE (definition) 202, 1 107 A. 19-S

SMOKE BARRIERS 709, 716.5.5

Construction 709.4, 909.5

Doors 709.5, 715.4, 909.5.2

Duct penetration 716.5.5

Fire-resistance rating 709.3

IVlaterials 709.2

Openings 709.5, 909.5.2

Penetrations 709.6

Required 407.4, 408.6

Wails 709.4

SMOKE CONTROL 909

Atrium buildings 404.4

Covered mall building 402.9

High-rise 1020.1.7

Special inspections 1704.14

Stages 410.3.7.2

Standby power systems 2702.2.2

Systems 909

Underground buildings 405.5

Values 3410.6.10.1

SMOKE DAMPERS 716.2-716.5

Smoke barriers 716.5.4, 716.5.5

SMOKE DETECTORS

Covered mall 907.2.20

Group I occupancies 907.2. 15.2

High-rise buildings 403.5, 907.2.12

HPM 415.8.9

Institutional 1-2 407.6

Motion picture and television production
studio sound stages and approved

production facilities 907.2.24

Multiple-station 907.2.10

Residential aircraft hangars 907.2.21

Residential occupancies 907.2.10.1

Group R-4 907.2.15.3

SFM requirements for single and

multistory buildings 907.2. 15. 1

Single station 907.2.10

Smoke-activated doors 715.4.7.3

Special amusement buildings 41 1 .5

Underground buildings 907.2.18

SMOKE EXHAUST SYSTEMS

Underground buildings 405.5, 907.2.18, 909.2

SMOKE PARTITIONS 407.3, 710

Materials 710.2

Fire-resistance rating 710.3

Continuity 710.4

Openings 71 0.5

Penetration and joint 710.6

Ducts and air transfer openings 710.7

Smoke and draft control doors 710.5.2

SMOKE VENTS 410.3.7.1, 910, 1016.2

SMOKEPROOF ENCLOSURES 1020.1.7

Design 909.20

SNOW LOAD 1608

Glazing 2404

SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS Chapter 18

Classification 1802.3

Depth of footings 1805.2

Excavation, grading and fill 1 803

Expansive 1802.3.2, 1805.8

Footings and foundations 1805

Footings on or adjacent to slopes 1 805.3

Foundation walls 1805.5

Foundations, pile and pier 1808

Grading 1803.3

Investigation 1 802

Investigation, pile and pier 1802.2

Investigation, seismic 1802.2.6, 1802.2.7

Load bearing values 1804

Soil boring and sampling 1802.5

Soil lateral load 1610

Special inspection 1 704.7

Testing, piles 1808.2.8.3

SOUND TRANSMISSION 1207

SPACE (definition) 202

SPARK ARRESTER 2802

SPECIAL ACCESS LIFT
(definition) 202, 1 107A. 19-S, 1 102B

SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION Chapter 31

SPECIAL INSPECTIONS (see

INSPECTIONS) Chapter 17

Continuous 1702.1

Periodic 1702.1

Statement 1705

SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR LICENSED
24-HOUR CARE FACILITIES IN A GROUP 1-1,
R-3.1 OR R-4 OCCUPANCY 425

SPECIFIED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
(definition) 202, 1102B

SPIRAL STAIRS 1009.8

Stages 410.5.3

SPRAY-APPLIED FIRE RESISTANT

MATERIALS 1702.1

Inspection 1704.10

Steel column calculated fire resistance ... 721 .5.2.2

666

2007 CALrFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

SPRINKLER SYSTEMS, AUTOMATIC 903

Exempt locations 903.3.1 .1

Substitute for fire rating Table 601 (4)

Values 3410.6.17

SPRINKLERS, REQUIRED 903

Aircraft hangars 412.2.6

Aircraft paint hangars 412.4

Atrium building 404.3

Basements 903.2.10.1

Covered mall building 402.8

Garages 406.3.10, 903.2.8

Hazardous occupancies 903.2.4

High-rise buildings 403.2

Incinerator rooms Table 508.2

Laundry chutes, refuse chutes, termination
rooms and incinerator rooms . . 707.13, 903.2.10.2

IVIultistory buildings 903.2.10.3

Spray finishing booth 416.4

Supervision (see SPRINKLERS,

SUPERVISION) 903.4

Underground buildings 405.3

SPRINKLERS, SUPERVISION 903.4

Service 901 .6

Underground buildings 405.3

STAGES AND PLATFORMS 410

Alternating tread stairway 410.5.3

Definition 202, 410.2

Dressing rooms 410.5

Egress 410.5.3, 1015.6

Fire barrier wall 41 0.5.1

Floor finish and floor covering 804.4

Platform, temporary 410.4.1

Platform construction 41 0.4

Proscenium curtain 410.3.5

Proscenium wall 41 0.3.4

Roof vents 410.3.7.1

Scenery 41 0.3.6

Smoke control 410.3.7.2

Sprinkler system, automatic 410.6

Standpipes 410.7

Ventilation 410.3.7

STAIR (definition) 202, 1002. 1

STAIRWAY 1133B.4

Accessibility 1 133B.4

STAIRWAY (see ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICES,
STAIRWAY CONSTRUCTION and STAIRWAY
ENCLOSURE)

Exterior exit way 1023.1, 1024.1

Discharge barrier 1020.1

Tactile floor designation signs
in stainways 1020.1.6.2, 1133B.4.3

Width, minimum 1009.1

STAIRWAY CONSTRUCTION

Aisle 1025.9

Alterations 3403.4

Alternating tread 1 009.9

Circular (see Curved)

Curved 1009.7

Elevators 3002.7

Enclosure under 1009.5.3

Fire blocking 717.2.4

Handrails 1009.10

Headroom 1 009.2

Illumination 1205.4

Landings :1009.4

Live load Table 1 607.1

Projections 1 009.1 1 .7

Seismic anchorage 2308.12.7

Spiral 408.3.3, 1009.8

Treads and risers 1009.3

Width 1009.1

Winders 1009.3

STAIRWAY ENCLOSURE 1020.1

Access 1020.1 .7.2

Construction 1020.1.2

Discharge 1024.1

Doors, automatic closing 715.4.7

Elevators within 3002.7

Fire-resistant construction 1020.1

Penetrations 1 020.1 .2

Space below, use 1009.5.3

Ventilation 1020.1.3

STANDBY POWER

Atriums 404.6

Covered mall building 402.13

Elevators 3003.1

Hazardous occupancy 414.5.4

High-rise 403.1

Stages 909.11

Underground buildings 405.9

STANDPIPE AND HOSE SYSTEMS

(see STANDPIPES, REQUIRED) 905

Dry 905.8

Hose connection location 905.1, 905.4-905.6

Cabinet locks 905.7.2

STANDPIPES, REQUIRED

Assembly 905.3.2, 905.5.1

Covered mall buildings 905.3.3

During construction 905.10

Stages 905.3.4

Underground buildings 405.11, 905.3.5

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

667

INDEX

STATE LAW 102.2

STEEL Chapter 22

Bolting 204.2

Cable structures 2207

Calculated fire resistance 721 .5

Cold-formed 2202.1, 2204, 2210

Conditions of restraint 703.2.3

Deck/concrete composite slabs 2209.2

Identification and protection 2203

Inspection, concrete reinforcement 109.3.1

Joists 2202.1, 2206

Open web joist 2206

Parapet walls 1503.3

Piles 1809.3

Reinforcement, concrete 1 907

Seismic provisions 2205.2

Storage racks 2208

Structural 2205

Welding 2204.1

STONE VENEER 1405.6

Slab-type .1405.7

STOP WORK ORDERS 114

STORAGE OCCUPANCY (GROUP S) .... 31 1 , 7 125B

Area Chapters

Automobile parking garage 406

Floor loads Table 1607.1

Hazard storage, Group S-1, moderate 311.2

Hazard storage, Group S-2, low 311.3

Height Chapter 5

High piled combustible 413

Interior finishes Table 803.5

Smoke and heat vents 910.2

Sprinkler system, automatic 903.2.9

Travel distance increase 1016.2

STORY (definition) 202, 1 102B

STORY, FIRST (definition) 202, 1 102B

STRENGTH

Design requirements 1604.2

Masonry 2102.1

Nominal 1602.1

Required 1602.1

STRENGTH DESIGN 1602.1, 1604.1

Masonry 2101 .2.2, 2108

STRUCTURAL DESIGN Chapter 16

Aluminum Chapter 20

Concrete Chapter 19

Foundations Chapter 18

Masonry Chapter 21

Steel Chapter 22

Wood Chapter 23

STRUCTURAL FRAIVIE (definition) 202, 11028

STRUCTURAL FRAME INSPECTION 109.3.4

STRUCTURAL TESTS AND SPECIAL

INSPECTIONS Chapter 17

Alternative test procedure 171 1

Approvals 1703

Contractor responsibilities 1706

Design strengths of materials 1710

General 1701

In-situ load tests 1713

Material and test standards 1715

Preconstruction load tests 1714

Special inspections 1704, 1707

Statement of special inspections 1705

Structural observations 1709

Structural testing 1708

Test safe load 1712

STRUCTURAL OBSERVATION 1702.1 , 1709

STRUCTURE (definition) 202

STRUCTURES, EXISTING Chapter 34

Accessibility 1134B

Additions, alterations or repairs 3403

Change of occupancy 3406

Glass replacement 3405

Historic buildings 3407

Moved structures 3408

Unsafe 115

STUCCO 2512

SUBTERRANEAN SPACES FOR
WINERY FACILITIES IN NATURAL
OR MANMADE CAVES 303.3, 436

SWIMMING POOL (Other Building
Components) 1104B.4.3, 1117B.4, Chapter31B

SWIMMING POOL, GLASS 2406.3

SWIMMING POOL, ENCLOSURES Chapter 31 B

Residential 3109.4

TACTILE (definition). 202

TECHNICALLY INFEASIBLE (definition) 202

TELEPHONE EXCHANGES 304

TELEPHONES (Accessible) 1117B.2

TELESCOPIC SEATING (see FOLDING AND
TELESCOPIC SEATING)

TEMPORARY (definition) 202

TEMPORARY STRUCTURES 3103

Certificate of occupancy 1 07.3

Conformance 107.2

Permit .107.1

Power, temporary 1 07.3

Structures 3103

Termination of approval 107.4

668

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

TENANT SEPARATION

Covered mall buildings 708.1

TENTS

Standby power 2702.2.8

Tents and membrane structures Chapter 31 E

TERMITES, PROTECTION FROM 2304.11

TERRA GOTTA 1405.8

TESTING

Building official required 104.11.1

Concrete 1905.6.2.4, 1905.6.5.2

Fire-resistant materials 703.2

Glazing 2406, 2408.2.1

Roof tile 1715.2

Seismic 1708

Smoke control, atrium buildings 909.3

Soils 1802

Sprini<lers 904.4

Structural Chapter 17

TESTING AGENCY (definition) 202

TEXT TELEPHONE (definition) 202, 1 102B

THEATERS (see PROJECTION ROOMS and
STAGES AND PLATFORMS) 303

THERMAL BARRIER, FOAM PLASTIC
INSULATION 2603.4, 2603.5.2

THERMAL- AND SOUND-INSULATING

MATERIALS 719

Cellulose loose-fill insulation 719.6

Loose-fill insulation 719.4

Roof insulation 71 9.5

THRESHOLDS 1115B.4.4.2

THROUGH-PENETRATIONS

Air ducts 71 6.6.1

Fire barriers 706.8

Fire rated walls 712.3.1

Fire-rated horizontal assemblies .712.4.1

Fire stop system 712.3,1.2, 712.4.1.2

TILE ...2102.1

Ceramic (see CERAMIC TILE) fire resistance, clay
or shale 720.1

TOEBOARD (definition) 202,1 107A.20-T

TOILETS

Accessible 1134A, 1127A, 1115B

Fixture count Table 2902.1

Grab bars 1127A.4, 11158.7.2, 1607.7.2

Location 2902.4, 2902.5, 2902.6

Rooms openings 1210.5

Unisex 1127A.7.2, 2902.1.1

Unisex and separate facilities 11 158. 1.2

TOWERS

Airport traffic control 412.1

Airport traffic control tower accessibility .... 412.1 .6
Construction 3108.3

Dead load 3108.4.1

Grounding 3108.5

Location and access 31 08.2

Radio 3108

Television 3108

Wind load 3108.4.2

TOWERS, COOLING 1509.4

TOWNHOUSE (definition) 202,1 107A.20-T

TOXIC MATERIALS

Classification 307.6

Gas detection system 908.3

Separation 41 5.7.3

TRANSIENT LODGING 11118.4

Definition ; 202, 1102B

TRANSIT BOARDING

PLATFORM (definition) 202, 1 1028

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES 11218

Airports 1 1218.4

Bus stops and terminals 1 1218.2

Fixed facilities and stations 1 1218.3

General 1121 B.I

TRAVEL DISTANCE

Area of refuge. 1 007.6

Atrium 404.8

Balcony, exterior 1016.3

Common path of travel 1013.3

Factory-industrial occupancy, increase 1016.2

Mall 402

Mall tenant space 402.4.4

Measurement 1016.1

Storage occupancy, increase 1016.2

TREAD (definition) 202, 1107A.20-T, 11028

TREAD DEPTH (definition) .. 202, 1102A.20-T, 11028
TREAD RUN (definition) . . . . 202, 1102A.20-T, 11028
TREADS, STAIR (see STAIRWAY CONSTRUCTION)

TREATED WOOD 2302.1

Stress adjustments 2306.1 .3

TRUSSES 2303.4

Fire resistance 714.2.3

Materials Chapter 6

Metal-plate-connected parallel wood 2303.4.2

TUNNELED WALKWAY 3104

TURNSTILES 1008.3, 11108.1.5, 11338.1.3.4

TYPE OF l\/IOTOR FUEL (definition) ... 202, 11 01 C.I

UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS 405

Compartmentation 405.4

Construction type 405.2

Elevators 405.4.3

Emergency power loads 405.10

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

669

INDEX

Exits 405.8

Fire alarm systems 405.6

Public address 405.7

Smoke exhaust 405.5.2

Smoke proof enclosure 1020.1.7

Sprinkler system, automatic 405.3

Standby power 405.9.1, 2702.2.16

Standpipe system 405.1 1

Voice alarms 907.2.19

UNLIMITED AREA BUILDINGS 507

UNREASONABLE HARDSHIP (definition) 202

UNSAFE STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT (see
STRUCTURES, UNSAFE) 115

Appeals 112, Appendix B

Restoration 1 1 5.5

Revocation of permit 1 05.6

Stop work orders 1 14.1

Utilities disconnection 1 1 1 .3

UNSTABLE MATERIALS 307.3

UNUSABLE SPACE 71 1 .3.3

USE AND OCCUPANCY Chapter 3

Accessory 508.3.1

Incidental 508.2, Table 508.2

Mixed 508.3

UTILITIES Ill

Service connection 111.1

Service disconnection 1 1 1 .3

Temporary connection 1 1 1 .2

UTILITY AND MISCELLANEOUS OCCUPANCY

(GROUP U) 312

Agricultural buildings Appendix C

Egress illumination 1 01 1 .2

Sprinkler system, automatic 903.2.10

VALUATION OR VALUE (see FEES, PERMIT) . . 108.3

VEHICLE BARRIERS 406.2.4, 1602.1, 1607.7.3

VEHICLE SHOW ROOMS 304

VEHICULAR OR PEDESTRIAN ARRIVAL POINTS

(definition) 202, 1 107A.22-V

VEHICULAR WAY (definition) 202, 1 1028

VENDING MACHINES AND OTHER

EQUIPMENT 1 126B

VENEER

Glazing 1405.11

Cement plaster 1405.14

Fastening 1405.16

Fiber cement siding 1405.15

IViasonry, adhered 1405.9

Masonry, anchored 1405.5

Metal 1405.10

Plastic 2605

Slab-type 1405.7

Stone 1405.6

Terra cotta 1405.8

Vinyl 1405.13

Wood 1405.4

VENTILATION (see MECHANICAL)

Attic 1203.2

Bathrooms 1203.4.2.1

Crawl space 1203.3

Elevator hoist ways 3004

Enclosed parking garages 406.4.2

Exhaust, hazardous 1203.5

Exhaust, HPM 415.9.10.2

Exit enclosure 1020.7.1

Fabrication areas, HPM 415.9.2.6

Hazardous, storage and dispensing 414.3

High-rise 1020.1 .7

HPM service corridors 415.9.4.3

Mechanical 1203.1

Natural 1203.4

Projection rooms 409.3

Repair garages 406.6.3

Smoke proof enclosures 909.20.3, 909.20.5

Stages 410.3.7

Under-floor ventilation 1203.3

VENTS, PENETRATION PROTECTION 712

VERMICULITE, FIRE RESISTANT 720

VERTICAL OPENING PROTECTION

Atriums 404.5

Duct penetrations 716.1

Elevators 707.14

Institutional 1-3 occupancy 408.5

Shaft enclosure 707

Value 3410.6.6.1

VESTIBULES, EXIT DISCHARGE 1024.1

VINYL

Expanded 802, 803.7

Rigid 1405.13

VIOLATIONS 113

VOICE ALARM (see also ALARMS, VOICE)

Amusement buildings, special 41 1 .6

Covered mall buildings 402.14

High-rise buildings 907.2.12

Underground buildings 907.2.19.1

WALK (definition) 202, 1102A.20-T, 1102B

WALKS AND SIDEWALKS 1133B.7

670

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

INDEX

WALKWAY, COVERED, ENCLOSED AND

TUNNELED WALLBEARING 3104

Fire resistance Table 601

Live load Table 1607.1

Materials per construction type Cliapter 6

Opening protection 715

WALL, EXTERIOR 704

Bearing Chapter 6

Coverings 1 405

Fire-resistance ratings 704.5, 706, 1403.6

Flashing, veneered walls 1405.3

Foam plastic insulation 2603.4.1.4, 2603.5

Light-transnnitting plastic panels 2607

Materials 704.4, 1406

Nonbearing Chapter 6

Opening protection 704

Projections 704.2

Structural stability 704.6

Veneer (see VENEER)

Weather resistance 1403.2, 1405.2

Weather resistant barriers 1405.2

WALL, FIRE (see FIRE WALLS)

WALL, FIRE RESISTANT, PENETRATIONS .... 712.3

WALL, FOUNDATION 1805.5

Dampproofing and waterproofing 1 807

WALL, INTERIOR

Opening protection 715

WALL, INTERIOR NONBEARING (see PARTITIONS)

WALL, MASONRY 2102.1

Lateral stability 2109.2

Lateral support 2109.4, 2106

Shear 2109.2.1

Wood contact 2304.11.2.3, 2304.11.2.5

WALL, PARAPET 704.11, 1503.3, 2109.5.4

WALL, PARTY (see FIRE WALLS)

WALL, RETAINING 1806, 2304.11.7

WALL, VENEERED (see VENEER) Chapter 14

WALL, WOOD CONSTRUCTION

Bracing 2308.9.3

Cutting, notching, boring 2308.9.10

Exterior framing 2308.9

Fastening schedule 2304.9

Framing 2304.3, 2308.9

Interior bearing partition 2308.9.1

Interior nonbearing partition 2308.9.2.3

Openings 2308.9.5, 2308.9.6, 2308.9.7

Shear walls 2305.3, 2306.4

Sheathing (see SHEATHING)

Studs 2308.9.1

Top plates 2308.9.2.1

WATER FOUNTAINS (drinking). . . 1115B.4.6, 1117B.1

WATER-REACTIVE MATERIALS Table 307.1(1)

WEATHER, COLD

Concrete construction 1905.12

Masonry construction 2104.3

WEATHER, HOT

Concrete construction 1905.13

Masonry construction 2104.4

WEATHER PROTECTION

Exterior walls 1405.2

Roofs 1 503

WEEP HOLES 2104.1.8

WELDING 2204.1

Materials, verification of

steel reinforcement 1704.4.1

Special inspections 1704.3.1, 1707.2

Splices of reinforcement
in masonry 2107.6, 2108.3

WHEELCHAiR (definition) 202

WHEELCHAIR OCCUPANT (or WHEELCHAIR
USER) (definition) 202

WHEELCHAIR SPACE (definition) 202

WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE
FIRE AREA Chapter 7A

WIND LOAD, 1609

Basic wind speed 1 609.3

Construction documents 1603.1 .4

Exposure category 1 609.4

Glazing 2404G

Glass block 2110.3.1

Hurricane-prone regions 1609.2

Provisions for walls 2306.2

Roofs 1504.1, 1609.5, 2308.10.1

Seismic detailing 1604.10

Testing 1715.2:2

Wind-borne debris region 1609.2

WINDERS, STAIR (see STAIRWAY CONSTRUCTION)

WINERYCAVES 436

Fire alarm system 907.2.27

WINDOW

Emergency egress 1026

Exterior, structural testing 1714.5

Fire (see OPENING PROTECTIVES) 715.4.7,

715.4.8

Glass (see GLAZING) 1405.12

Required, light and ventilation 1205.2

Wells 1026.5

WIRES, PENETRATION PROTECTION 712

WOOD Chapter 23

Allowable stress design 2306

Assemblies, calculated fire resistance 721.6

Bracing, walls 2308.9.3

Ceiling framing 2308.10

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

671

INDEX

Connections and fasteners 2304.9 Y

Contacting concrete, masonry or eartii . . . 2304.1 1 .4 YARDS OR COURTS 704 3 1 206

Decay, protection against 2304.1 1

Diaphragms 2305.2, 2306.3

Draft stopping 717.3, 717.4

End-jointed lumber 2303.1 .1

Fiberboard 2303.1 .5, 2306.4.4

Fire-retardant treated 2303.2

Fire biocl<ing 717.2

Floor and roof framing (see FLOOR

CONSTRUCTION, WOOD) 2304.4

Floor sheathing 2304.7

Foundation 1805.4.6, 2308.3.3.1

Grade, lumber 2303.1 .1

Hardboard 2303.1 .6

Heavy timber construction 2304.10

Hurricane shutters 1609.1.2

l-joist ' 2303.1.2

Inspection, special 1704.6, 1707.3

Lateral force-resisting systems 2305

Light-frame construction, conventional 2308

Load and resistance factor design 2307

Moisture content 2303.1 .8.2, 2303.2.5

Nails and staples 2303.6

Particleboard shear walls 2306.4.3

Plywood, hardwood 2303.3

Preservative treated 1403.6, 2303.1.8

Roof framing (see ROOF CONSTRUCTION,

WOOD) 2304.4

Roof sheathing 2304.7

Seismic provisions. . . 2305, 2306, 2308.11, 2308.12

Shear walls 2305.3, 2306.4

Standards and quality, minimum 2303

Structural panels 2302.1, 2303.1.4

Supporting concrete or masonry 2304.12

Termite, protection against 2304.1 1

Trusses 2303.4

Veneer Chapter 14

Wall framing (see WALL,
WOOD CONSTRUCTION) 2304.3

Wall sheathing 2304.6

Wind provisions 2306.2

WOOD SHINGLES AND SHAKES. . . . 1507.8, 1507.9
WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS

(see WOOD) 2302.1 ,2303.1 .4

Diaphragms 2306.3.2

Shear walls 2306.4.1

Sheathing 2304.6.1

WORKSTATION

Definition 202, 1 102B

Workstations 1123B.2

672 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

HISTORY NOTE APPENDIX
CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

Title 24, Part 2, California Code of Regulations (CCR)

For prior history, see the History Note Appendix to the Cali-
fornia Building Code, 200 1 Triennial Edition effective Novem-
ber 1, 2002.

1. (BSC 01/06, BSC 06/06, DSA-AC 01/06, DSA-AC 02/06,
DSA-SS 01/06, DSA-SS 02/06, HCD 04/06, OSHPD
02/06, OSHPD 03/06, OSHPD 04/06, SFM 05/06)
Adoption by reference of the 2006 International Building
Code with necessary state amendments and repeal of the
1997 edition of the Uniform Building Code. Filed with the
Secretary of State on February 15, 2007 and effective! on
January 1, 2008.

2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 673

674 2007 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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