Full text of "Title 24, Part 9, 2007 California Fire Code"

Code

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California Code of Regulations
Title 24, Part 9 \

California Building
Standards Commission

Based on 2006 International Fire Code

INTERNATIONAL
CODECOUNCIL^

■\-f

EFFECTIVE
JANUARY 1, 2008 \

(For Errata and Supplements, see History Note Appendix)

2007 California Fire Code

First Printing

ISBN-13: 978-1-58001-518-9

Publication Date: July 2007

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2007 California Fire Code contains substantial copyrighted material from the 2006 International
Fire Code, which is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code Council, Inc. Without advance written permission from
the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, including,
without Umitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way of example and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by (
in an information storage retrieval system). For information on permission to copy material exceeding fair use, please contact: Pub-
lications, 4051 West Hossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478. Phone 1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233).

Trademarks: "International Code Council," the "International Code Council" logo and the "International Fire Code" are trademarks
of the International Code Council, Inc.

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

PREFACE

This document is Part 9 of the official tiiennial compilation and publication of the adoptions, amendments and repeal of administra-
tive regulations to California Code of Regulations, Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Standards Code. This Part is
known as the California Fire Code and incorporates, by adoption, the 2006 edition of the International Fire Code of the Interna-
tional Code Council with the California amendments.

The California Building Standards Code is published in its entirety eveiy three years by order of the California legislature, with
supplements published in intervening years. The California legislature delegated authority to various State agencies, boards, com-
missions and departments to create building regulations to implement the State's statutes. These building regulations or standards,
have the same force of law, and take effect 180 days after their publication unless otherwise stipulated. The California Building
Standards Code applies to occupancies in the State of California as annotated.

A city, county or city and county may establish more restrictive building standards reasonably necessary because of local clima-
tic, geological or topographical conditions. Findings of the local condition(s) and the adopted local building standard(s) must be
filed with the California B uilding Standards Cormnission to become effective and may not be effective sooner than the effective date
of this edition of California Building Standards Code. Local building standards that were adopted and applicable to previous edi-
tions of the California Building Standards Code do not apply to this edition without appropriate adoption and the required filing.

To familiarize yourself with the format of this code, it is suggested that users review the following contents:

• How To Distinguish Model Code Language From CaUfornia Amendments

• Matrix Adoption Tables

Should you find publication (e.g., typographical) errors or inconsistencies in this code or wish to offer comments toward improving
its format, please address your comments to:

California Building Standards Commission

2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130

Sacramento, CA 95833-2936

Phone: (916) 263-0916

FAX: (916) 263-0959

Web Page: www.bsc.ca.gov

Acknowledgement

The 2007 California Building Standards Code (Code) was developed through the outstanding collaborative efforts of the Depart-
ment of Housing and Community Development, the Division of State Architect, the Office of the State Fii^e Marshal, the Office of
Statewide Health Planning and Development, the California Energy Coimnission, and the Building Standards Commission (Com-
mission).

This collaborative effort included the assistance of the Commission's Code Advisory Committees and many other volunteers that
worked tii-elessly to assist the Commission in the production of this Code.

Members of the Building Standards Commission

Secretai-y Rosario Maiin - Chair Christina Jamison

Isam Hasenin - Vice-Chair Stephen Jensen

James Baithman Robert Pernell

Kim Blackseth Richard Sawhill

Susan Dowty Steven Winkel

David Walls - Executive Director

Thomas Morrison - Deputy

Executive Director

For questions on California state agency amendments, please refer to the contact list on the following page.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE ill

California Code of Regulations, Title 24

California Agency Information Contact List

California Energy Commission

Energy Hotline (800) 772-3300

Building Efficiency Standards
Appliance Efficiency Standards
Compliance Manual/Forms

California State Lands Commission

Marine Oil Terminals (562) 499-6317

California State Library

Construction Standards (918) 445-9604

Corrections Standards Authority

Local Adult Jail Standards (916) 324-1914

Local Juvenile Facility Standards (916) 324-1914

Department of Consumer Affairs - Acupuncture Board

Office Standards (916) 445-3021

Department of Consumer Affairs - Board of Pharmacy

Pharmacy Standards (916) 574-7900

Department of Consumer Affairs - Bureau of Bartering
And Cosmetology

Barber and Beauty Shop and

College Standards (916) 952-5210

Department of Consumer Affairs - Bureau of
Home Furnishings and

Thermal Insulation

Insulation Testing Standards (916) 574-2041

Department of Consumer Affairs - Structural
Pest Control Board

Structural Standards (800) 737-8188

Department of Consumer Affairs - Veterinary
Medical Board

Veterinary Hospital Standard (916) 263-2610

Department of Food and Agriculture

Meat & Poultry Packing Plant

Standards (916) 654-0509

Dairy Standards (916) 654-0773

Department of Health Services

Organized Camps Standards (916) 449-5661

Public Swimming Pools Standards (916) 449-5661

Asbestos Standards (510) 620-2874

Department of Housing and Community Development

Residential - Hotels, Motels, Apartments,

Single-Family Dwellings (916) 445-9471

Permanent Structures in Mobilehome And

Special Occupancy Paries (916) 445-9471

Factory-Built Housing, Manufactured

Housing and Commercial Modular (916) 445-3338

Mobile Homes - Permits & Inspections

Northern Region (916) 225-2501

Southern Region (951) 782-4420

Employee Housing Standards (916) 445-9471

Department of Water Resources

Gray Water Installations Standards (916) 651-9687

Division of the State Architect - Access Compliance

Access Compliance Standards (916) 445-8100

Division of the State Architect - Structural Safety

Public Schools Standards (916) 445-8100

Essential Services Building Standards (916) 445-8100

Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development

Hospital Standards (916) 654-3139

Skilled Nursing Facility Standards (916) 654-3139

Clinic Standards (916) 654-3139

Permits (916) 654-3392

Office of the State Fire Marshal

Code Development and Analysis (916) 445-8200

Fire Safety Standards (916) 445-8200

Fireplace Standards (916) 445-8200

Day Care Centers Standards (916) 445-8200

Exit Standards (916) 445-8200

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

How to Distinguish Between Modei Code Language

and
California Amendments

To distinguish between model code language and the incorporated California amendments, including exclusive California stan-
dards, California amendments will appear in italics.

Due to the nature of the California Fire Code's first time use of the International Fire Code as the base document, symbols in the
margins, previously used to indicate code changes, will not be used in this edition of the California Fire Code.

[SFM] This symbol within a section identifies which State agency (s), by its "acronym, " has amended a section of the model code.

Legend of Acronyms of Adopting State Agencies

BSC California Building Standards Commission

SFM Office of the State Fire Marshal

HCD Department of Housing and Community Development

DSA-AC Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance

DSA-SS Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety

OSHPD Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development

CSA Corrections Standards Authority

DHS Department of Health Services

AGR Department of Food and Agriculture

CEC California Energy Commission

CA Department of Consumer Affairs:

Board of Bartering and Cosmetology
Board of Veterinary Medicine Examiners
Board of Pharmacy
Acupuncture Board
Bureau of Home Furnishings
Structural Pest Control Board

SL State Library

SLC State Lands Commission

DWR Department of Water Resources

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

vi 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

ORDINANCE

The California Codes are designed and promulgated to be adopted by reference by ordinance. Jurisdictions wishing to adopt the
2007 California Fire Code as an enforceable regulation governing regulating and governing the safeguarding of life and property
from fire and explosion hazards arising from the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from
conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and premises should ensure that certain factual information is
included in the adopting ordinance at the time adoption is being considered by the appropriate governmental body. The following
sample adoption ordinance addresses several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the information required for
insertion into the code text.

SAMPLE ORDINANCE FOR ADOPTION OF

THE CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

ORDINANCE NO.

An ordinance of the [JURISDICTION] adopting the 2007 edition of the California Fire Code, regulating and governing the safeguard-
ing of life and property from fu:e and explosion hazards arising from the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materi-
als and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life orproperty in the occupancy of buildings and premises in the [JURISDICTION];

providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; repealing Ordinance No. of the [JURISDICTION] and all

other ordinances and parts of the ordinances in conflict therewith.

The [GOVERNING BODY] of the [JURISDICTION] does ordain as follows:

Section 1. That a certain document, three; (3) copies of which are on file in the office of the [TITLE OF JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF
RECORDS] of [NAME OF JURISDICTION], being marked and designated as the California Fire Code, 2007 edition, including Appen-
dix Chapters [FILL IN THE APPENDIX CHAPTERS BEING ADOPTED] (see California Fire Code, Appendix Chapter 1, Section 101.2.1,
2007 edition), as published by the International Code Council, be and is hereby adopted as the Fire Code of the [JURISDICTION], in
the State of [STATE NAME] regulating and governing the safeguarding of life and property from fire and explosion hazards arising
from the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or prop-
erty in the occupancy of buildings and premises as herein provided; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees
therefor; and each and all of the regulations, provisions, penalties, conditions and terms of said Fire Code on file in the office of the
[JURISDICTION] are hereby referred to, adopted, and made a part hereof, as if fully set out in this ordinance, with the additions, inser-
tions, deletions and changes, if any, prescribed in Section 2 of this ordinance.

Section 2. That the following sections of Appendix Chapter 1 are hereby revised:

Section 101.1 Insert: [NAME OF JURISDICTION]

Section 109.3. Insert: [OFFENSE, DOLLAR AMOUNT, NUMBER OF DAYS]

Section 111.4. Insert: [DOLLAR AMOUNT IN TWO LOCATIONS]

Section 3. That the geographic limits referred to in certain sections of the 2007 California Fire Code are hereby established as fol-
lows:

Section 3204.3.1.1 (geographic limits in which the storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers is prohib-
ited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]

Section 3404.2.9.5.1 (geographic limits in which the storage of Class I and Class 11 liquids in above-ground tanks outside of
buildings is prohibited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]

Section 3406.2.4.4 (geographic limits in which the storage of Class I and Class II liquids in above-ground tanks is prohib-
ited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]

Section 3804.2 (geographic limits in which the storage of liquefied petroleum gas is restricted for the protection of heavily
populated or congested areas): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]

Section 4. That Ordinance No. of [JURISDICTION] entitled [FILL IN HERE THE COMPLETE TITLE OF THE ORDINANCE OR

ORDINANCES IN EFFECT AT THE PRESENT TIME SO THAT THEY WILL BE REPEALED BY SPECIFIC REFERENCE] and all Other ordi-
nances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.

Section S.That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be unconstitutional,
such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The [GOVERNING BODY] hereby declares that it

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE vii

would have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more
sections, subsections, sentences, clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional.

Section 6. That nothing in this ordinance or in the Fire Code hereby adopted shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding
impending in any court, or any rights acquired, or liability incurred, or any cause or causes of action acquired or existing, under any
act or ordinance hereby repealed as cited in Section 4 of this ordinance; nor shall any just or legal right or remedy of any character be
lost, impaired or affected by this ordinance.

Section 7. That the [JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF RECORDS] is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be published.
(An additional provision may be requked to direct the number of times the ordinance is to be published and to specify that it is to be
in a newspaper in general circulation. Posting may also be requked.)

Section 8. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted
hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effect [TIME PERIOD] from and after the date of its final passage and adoption.

viii 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

California IVIatrix Adoption Tables

Format of the California Matrix Adoption Tables

The matrix adoption tables, which follow, show the user which state agencies have adopted and/or amended given sections of the
model code. The building application determines which state agency's adoptions apply. See Section's 102 through 114 for building
applications and enforcement responsibilities.

Agencies are grouped together, based on either local or state enforcement responsibilities. For example, regulations from SFM
are enforced both at the state and local levels; therefore, SFM is listed twice in each adoption table indicating state enforcement
responsibihties and local enforcement responsibilities.

The side headings identify the scope of state agencies' adoption as follows:

Adopt the entire IFC chapter without state amendments.

If there is an "X" under aparticulai' state agency's acronym on this row; this means that paiticular state agency has adopted the entire
model code chapter without any state amendments.

Example:

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Adopting Agency

BSC

DHS

OSA

DWR

AGR

GEO

DSA

HOD

OSHPD

SFM

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter
as amended (amended
sections listed below)

Adopt the entire IFC chapter as amended, state-amended sections are listed below:

If there is an "X" under a particular state agency's acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency has adopted the entire
model code chapter; with state amendments.

Each state-amended section that the agency has added to that particular chapter is hsted. There will be an "X" in the column, by
that particular section, under the agency's acronym, as well as an "X" by each section that the agency has adopted.

Example:

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Adopting Agency

BSC

DHS

OSA

DWR

AGR

CEO

DSA

HOD

OSHPD

SFiVI

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter
as amended (amended
sections listed below)

Adopt only those
sections that are listed
below

Chapter 1

CAorlFC

202

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

Adopts only those sections that are listed below:

If there is an "X" under a particular state agency's acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency is adopting only specific
model code or state-amended sections within this chapter. There will be an "X" in the column under the agency's acronym, as well
as an "X" by each section that the agency has adopted.

Example:

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Adopting Agency

BSC

DHS

CSA

DWR

AGR

CEC

DSA

HCD

OSHPD

SFM

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter
as amended (amended
sections listed below)

Adopt only those
sections that are listed
below

Chapter 1

CAor
IBC

202

IPC

203

IPC

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS .... 3

Section

101 General 3

102 Reserved 4

103 Reserved 4

104 Reserved 4

105 Reserved 4

106 Reserved 4

107 Reserved 4

108 Reserved 4

109 Division of the State Architect 5

110 Reserved 5

111 Office of the State Fire Marshal 6

112 Reserved 10

113 Reserved 10

114 Reserved 10

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 13

Section

201 General 13

202 General Definitions 13

CHAPTER 3 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

AGAINST FIRE 33

Section

301 General 33

302 Definitions 33

303 Asphalt Kettles 33

304 Combustible Waste Material 33

305 Ignition Sources 34

306 Motion Picture Projection Rooms and Film .... 34

307 Open Burning and Recreational Fires 34

308 Open Flames 35

309 Powered Industrial Trucks and Equipment 37

310 Smoking 37

311 Vacant Premises 37

312 Vehicle Impact Protection 38

313 Fueled Equipment 38

314 Indoor Displays 39

315 Miscellaneous Combustible Materials Storage . . 39

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 4 EMERGENCY PLANNING

AND PREPAREDNESS 43

Section

401 General 43

402 Definitions 43

403 Public Assemblages and Events 43

404 Fire Safety and Evacuation Plans 43

405 Emergency Evacuation Drills 44

406 Employee Training and Response Procedures ... 45

407 Hazard Communication 45

408 Use and Occupancy-related Requirements 46

CHAPTER 5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES 51

Section

501 General 51

502 Definitions 51

503 Fire Apparatus Access Roads 51

504 Access to Building Openings and Roofs 52

505 Premises Identification 53

506 Key Boxes 53

507 Hazards to Fire Fighters 53

508 Fire Protection Water Supplies 53

509 Fire Command Center 54

510 Fire Department Access to Equipment. 54

CHAPTER 6 BUILDING SERVICES

AND SYSTEMS 57

Section

601 General 57

602 Definitions 57

603 Fuel- fired Apphances 57

604 Emergency and Standby Power Systems 59

605 Electrical Equipment, Wiring and Hazards 61

606 Mechanical Refrigeration 62

607 Elevator Recall and Maintenance 64

608 Stationary Storage Battery Systems 64

609 Commercial Kitchen Hoods 66

CHAPTER 7 FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED

CONSTRUCTION 69

Section

701 General 69

702 Definitions 69

TABLE OF CONTENTS

703 Fire-resistance-rated Construction 69

704 Floor Openings and Shafts 69

CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE
MATERIALS AND
FURNISHINGS 73

Section

801 General 73

802 Definitions 73

803 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish and

Trim in Existing Buildings 73

804 Interior Wall and Ceiling Trim in

New and Existing Buildings 75

805 Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses in

New and Exisiting Buildings 75

806 Decorative Vegetation in New and

Existing Buildings 77

807 Decorative Materials Other Than Decorative

Vegetation in New and Existing Buildings ... 78

808 Furnishings Other Than Upholstered

Furniture and Mattresses or Decorative
Materials in New and Existing Buildings .... 80

CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS .... 87

Section

901 General 87

902 Definitions 88

903 Automatic Sprinkler Systems 91

904 Alternative Automatic Fire-extinguishing

Systems 98

905 Standpipe Systems 100

906 Portable Fire Extinguishers 103

907 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems 105

908 Emergency Alarm Systems 122

909 Smoke Control Systems 122

910 Smoke and Heat Vents 128

911 Explosion Control 130

912 Fire Department Connections 132

913 Fire Pumps 132

914 Fire Protection Based on Special Detailed

Requirements of Use and Occupancy 133

CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS 139

Section

1001 Administration 139

1002 Definitions 139

1003 General Means of Egress 140

1004 Occupant Load 141

xii

1005 Egress Width 143

1006 Means of Egress Illumination 143

1007 Accessible Means of Egress 144

1008 Doors, Gates and Turnstiles 146

1009 Stairways 151

1010 Ramps 154

1011 Exit Signs 155

1012 Handrails 156

1013 Guards 157

1014 Exit Access 158

1015 Exit and Exit Access Doorways 160

1016 Exit Access Travel Distance 161

1017 Corridors 162

1018 Exits 164

1019 Number of Exits and Continuity 164

1020 Vertical Exit Enclosures 164

1021 Exit Passageways 166

1022 Horizontal Exits 167

1023 Exterior Exit Ramps and Stairways 168

1024 Exit Discharge 168

1025 Assembly 169

1026 Emergency Escape and Rescue 174

1027 Means of Egress for Existing Buildings 175

1028 Maintenance of the Means of Egress 179

CHAPTER 11 AVIATION FACILITIES 183

Section

1101 General 183

1102 Definitions 183

1 103 General Precautions 183

1 104 Aircraft Maintenance 183

1 105 Portable Fire Extinguishers 184

1 106 Aircraft Fueling 184

1107 Helistops and Heliports 189

CHAPTER 12 DRY CLEANING 193

Section

1201 General 193

1202 Definitions 193

1203 Classificafions 193

1204 General Requirements 193

1205 Operating Requirements 194

1206 Spotting and Pretreating 194

1207 Dry Cleaning Systems 195

1208 Fire Protection 195

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 13 COMBUSTIBLE DUST-PRODUCING
OPERATIONS 199

Section

1301 General 199

1302 Definitions 199

1303 Precautions 199

1304 Explosion Protection 199

CHAPTER 14 FIRE SAFETY DURING
CONSTRUCTION AND
DEMOLITION 203

Section

1401 General 203

1402 Definitions 203

1403 Temporary Heating Equipment 203

4404 Precautions Against Fire 203

1405 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 203

1406 Flammable Gases 204

1407 Explosive Materials 204

1408 Owner's Responsibility for Fire Protection .... 204

1409 Fire Reporting 204

1410 Access for Fire Fighting 204

1411 Means of Egress 204

1412 Water Supply for Fire Protection 204

1413 Standpipes 204

1414 Automatic Sprinkler System 205

1415 Portable Fire Extinguishers 205

1416 Motorized Equipment 205

1417 Safeguarding Roofing Operations 205

CHAPTER 15 FLAMMABLE FINISHES 209

Section

1501 General 209

1502 Definitions 209

1503 Protection of Operations 209

1504 Spray Finishing 211

1505 Dipping Operations 215

1506 Powder Coating 216

1507 Electrostatic Appai'atus 217

1508 Organic Peroxides and Dual-component

Coatings 217

1509 Indoor Manufacturing of Reinforced Plastics . . 218

1510 Floor Surfacing and Finishing Operations 218

CHAPTER 16 FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING ... 223

Section

1601 General 223

1602 Definitions 223

1603 Ethylene Gas 223

1604 Sources of Ignition 223

1605 Combustible Waste 223

1606 Ethylene Generators 223

1607 Warning Signs 223

CHAPTER 17 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL

INSECTICIDAL FOGGING 227

Section

1701 General 227

1702 Definitions 227

1703 Fire Safety Requirements 227

CHAPTER 18 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION

FACILITIES 231

Section

1801 General 231

1802 Definitions 231

1803 General Safety Provisions 231

1804 Storage 235

1805 Use and Handling 237

CHAPTER 19 LUMBER YARDS AND

WOODWORKING FACILITIES ... 243

Section

1901 General 243

1902 Definitions 243

1903 General Requirements 243

1904 Fire Protection 243

1905 Plywood, Veneer and Composite Board

Mills 244

1906 Log Storage Areas 244

1907 Storage of Wood Chips and Hogged Material

Associated With Timber and Lumber
Production Facilities 244

1908 Storage and Processing of Wood Chips, Hogged

Material, Fines, Compost and Raw Product
Associated With Yard Waste and Recycling
Facilities 244

1909 Exterior Storage of Finished Lumber

Products 245

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

XIII

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 20 MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC

COATINGS 249

Section

2001 General 249

2002 Definitions 249

2003 General Precautions 249

2004 Electrical Equipment and Protection 249

2005 Process Structures 250

2006 Process Mills and Kettles 250

2007 Process Piping 250

2008 Raw Materials in Process Areas 25 1

2009 Raw Materials and Finished Products 251

CHAPTER 21 INDUSTRIAL OVENS 255

Section

2101 General 255

2102 Definitions 255

2103 Location 255

2104 Fuel Piping 255

2105 Interlocks 255

2106 Fire Protection 256

2107 Operation and Maintenance 256

CHAPTER 22 MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING
FACILITIES AND REPAIR
GARAGES 259

Section

2201 General 259

2202 Definitions 259

2203 Location of Dispensing Devices 259

2204 Dispensing Operations 260

2205 Operational Requirements 261

2206 Flammable and Combustible Liquid Motor

Fuel-dispensing Facilities 261

2207 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Motor

Fuel-dispensing Facilities 265

2208 Compressed Natural Gas Motor

Fuel-dispensing Facilities 266

2209 Hydrogen Motor Fuel-dispensing and

Generation Facilities 268

2210 Marine Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities 271

221 1 Repair Garages 273

CHAPTER 23 HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE

STORAGE 279

Section

2301 General 279

2302 Definitions 279

2303 Commodity Classification 280

2304 Designation of High-piled Storage Areas 282

2305 Housekeeping and Maintenance 282

2306 General Fire Protection and Life Safety

Features 282

2307 Solid-piled and Shelf Storage 286

2308 Rack Storage 286

2309 Automated Storage 286

2310 Specialty Storage 287

CHAPTER 24 TENTS, CANOPIES AND OTHER

MEMBRANE STRUCTURES 291

Section

2401 General 291

2402 Definitions 291

2403 Temporary Tents, Canopies and Membrane

Structures 291

2404 Temporary and Permanent Tents, Canopies

and Membrane Structures 293

CHAPTER 25 TIRE REBUILDING AND

TIRE STORAGE 299

Section

2501 General 299

2502 Definitions 299

2503 Tire Rebuilding 299

2504 Precautions Against Fire 299

2505 Outdoor Storage 299

2506 Fire Department Access 300

2507 Fencing 300

2508 Fire Protection 300

2509 Indoor Storage Arrangement 300

CHAPTER 26 WELDING AND OTHER

HOT WORK 303

Section

2601 General 303

2602 Definitions 303

2603 General Requirements 303

2604 Fire Safety Requirements 304

2605 Gas Welding and Cutting 305

2606 Electric Arc Hot Work 305

2607 Calcium Carbide Systems 305

2608 Acetylene Generators 305

2609 Piping Manifolds and Hose Systems for

Fuel Gases and Oxygen 305

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 27 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-
GENERAL PROVISIONS 309

Section

2701 General 309

2702 Definitions 311

2703 General Requirements 313

2704 Storage 326

2705 Use, Dispensing and Handling 330

CHAPTER 28 AEROSOLS 337

Section

2801 General 337

2802 Definitions 337

2803 Classification of Aerosol Products 337

2804 Inside Storage of Aerosol Products 337

2805 Outside Storage 339

2806 Retail Display 339

2807 Manufacturing Facilities 341

CHAPTER 29 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS. 345

Section

2901 General 345

2902 Definitions 345

2903 General Precautions 345

2904 Loose Fiber Storage 345

2905 Baled Storage 346

CHAPTER 30 COMPRESSED GASES 349

Section

3001 General ! ... 349

3002 Definitions 349

3003 General Requirements 349

3004 Storage of Compressed Gases 353

3005 Use and Handling of Compressed Gases 353

3006 Medical Gas Systems 353

3007 Compressed Gases Not Otherwise Regulated . . 354

CHAPTER 31 CORROSIVE MATERIALS 357

Section

3101 General 357

3102 Definitions 357

3103 General Requirements 357

3104 Storage 357

3105 Use 357

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 32 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS 361

Section

3201 General 361

3202 Definitions , 361

3203 General Requirements 361

3204 Storage 363

3205 Use and Handling 365

CHAPTER 33 EXPLOSIVES AND

FIREWORKS 369

Section

3301 General 369

3302 Reserved 369

3303 Reserved 369

3304 Reserved 369

3305 Reserved 369

3306 Reserved 369

3307 Reserved 369

3308 Fireworks Display 369

CHAPTER 34 FLAMMABLE AND

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 373

Section

3401 General 373

3402 Definitions 373

3403 General Requirements 374

3404 Storage 378

3405 Dispensing, Use, Mixing and Handling 397

3406 Special Operations 403

CHAPTER 35 FLAMMABLE GASES 415

Section

3501 General 415

3502 Definitions 415

3503 General Requirements 415

3504 Storage 416

3505 Use 416

CHAPTER 36 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS 419

Section

3601 General 419

3602 Definitions 419

3603 General Requirements 419

3604 Storage 419

3605 Use 419

3606 Magnesium 419

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 37 HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC

MATERIALS 423

Section

3701 General 423

3702 Definitions 423

3703 Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids. ... 424

3704 Highly Toxic and Toxic Compressed Gases . . . 425

3705 Ozone Gas Generators 429

CHAPTER 38 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM

GASES 433

Section

3801 General 433

3802 Definitions 433

3803 Installation of Equipment 433

3804 Location of Containers 434

3805 Prohibited Use of LP-gas 435

3806 Dispensing and Overfilling 435

3807 Safety Precautions and Devices 435

3808 Fire Protection 435

3809 Storage of Portable LP-gas Containers

Awaiting Use or Resale 435

3810 Containers Not in Service 437

381 1 Parking and Garaging 437

CHAPTER 39 ORGANIC PEROXIDES 441

Section

3901 General 441

3902 Definitions 441

3903 General Requirements 441

3904 Storage 441

3905 Use 443

CHAPTER 40 OXIDIZERS 447

Section

4001 General 447

4002 Definitions 447

4003 General Requirements 447

4004 Storage 448

4005 Use 448

CHAPTER 41 PYROPHORIC MATERIALS 453

Section

4101 General 453

4102 Definitions 453

4103 General Requirements 453

4104 Storage 453

4105 Use 454

4106 Silane Gas 454

CHAPTER 42 PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE

NITRATE) PLASTICS 459

4201 General 459

4202 Definitions 459

4203 General Requirements 459

4204 Storage and Handling 459

CHAPTER 43 UNSTABLE (REACTIVE)

MATERIALS 463

Section

4301 General 463

4302 Definitions 463

4303 General Requirements 463

4304 Storage 464

4305 Use 464

CHAPTER 44 WATER-REACTIVE SOLIDS AND

LIQUIDS 467

Section

4401 General 467

4402 Definitions 467

4403 General Requirements 467

4404 Storage 467

4405 Use 468

CHAPTER 45 REFERENCED STANDARDS 471

CHAPTER 46 MOTION PICTURE AND

TELEVISION PRODUCTION
STUDIO SOUND STAGES,
APPROVED PRODUCTION
FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION
LOCATIONS 483

Section

4601 General 483

4602 Occupancy Classification 483

4603 Required Permits 483

4604 General Requirements 483

4605 Fire-extinguishing Systems 484

4606 Fire-detection Equipment 484

4607 Fire Safety Officers 484

4608 Electrical Requirements 484

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4609 Mechanical Equipment 484

4610 Design Requirements 485

461 1 Production Locations 485

CHAPTER 47 REQUIREMENTS FOR
WILDLAND-URBAN
INTERFACE AREAS 489

Section

4701 General 489

4702 Definitions 489

4703 Reserved '. 489

4704 Fire Hazard Severity Zones 489

4705 Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area 489

4706 Reserved 490

4707 Reserved 490

4708 Materials and Construction Methods for

Exterior Wildfire Exposure - . . 490

4709 Reserved 490

4710 Materials, Systems and Methods of

Construction 490

4711 Reserved 490

4712 Reserved 490

4713 Reserved 490

APPENDIX CHAPTER 1

ADMINISTRATION 493

Section

101 General 493

102 Applicability 493

103 Department of Fire Prevention 494

104 General Authority and Responsibilities 494

105 Permits 495

106 Inspections 502

107 Maintenance 502

108 Board of Appeals 502

109 Violations 503

110 Unsafe Buildings 503

111 Stop Work Order 504

APPENDIX CHAPTER 4

SPECIAL DETAILED

REQUIREMENTS BASED ON

USE AND OCCUPANCY 507

Section

425 Special Provisions for Licensed 24-hour Care

Facilities in Groups I-l, R-3.1 and R-4 507

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

APPENDIX A BOARD OF APPEALS 513

Section

AlOl General 513

APPENDIX B FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS

FOR BUILDINGS 517

Section

BlOl General 517

B102 Definitions . 517

B103 Modifications 517

B104 Fire-flow Calculation Area , 517

B105 Fire-flow Requirements for Buildings 517

B106 Referenced Standai-ds 517

APPENDIX C FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS

AND DISTRIBUTION 521

Section

ClOl General 521

C102 Location 521

C103 Number of Fire Hydrants 521

C104 Consideration of Existing Fire Hydrants 521

CI 05 Distribution of Fire Hydrants 521

APPENDIX D FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS

ROADS 525

Section

DlOl General 525

D102 Required Access 525

D103 Minimum Specifications 525

D104 Commercial and Industrial Developments 526

D105 Aerial Fire Apparatus Access Roads 526

D106 Multiple-family Residential Developments .... 526

D107 One- or Two-family Residential

Developments 527

APPENDIX E HAZARD CATEGORIES 531

Section

ElOl General 531

E102 Hazard Categories 531

E103 Evaluation of Hazards 534

APPENDIX F HAZARD RANKING 539

Section

FlOl General 539

F102 Referenced Standards 539

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPENDIX G CRYOGENIC FLUIDS— WEIGHT

AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS. . . 543

Section

GlOl General 543

APPENDIX H HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
MANAGEMENT PLANS AND
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
INVENTORY STATEMENTS 547

Section

HI Scope 547

H2 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statements

(HMIS) 547

H3 Hazardous Materials Management (HMMP) . . . 547

H4 Maintenance of Records 548

INDEX 559

HISTORY NOTE 583

xviii 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CALIFORNIA CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

Adopting Agency

BBC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

■ SL

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Ciiapter as amended
(amended sections listed beiow)

Adopt oniy tfiose sections that are
iisted below

Chapter / Section

Codes

101.0-101.12

109 and 109.1

111.0-111.10

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA CHAPTER 1

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

SECTION 101
GENERAL

101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the California
Fire Code, may be cited as such and will be referred to herein as
"this code. " The California Fire Code is Part 9 of twelve parts
of the official compilation and publication of the adoption,
amendment, and repeal of building regulations to the Califor-
nia Code of Regulations, Title 24, also referred to as the Cali-
fornia Building Standards Code. This part incorporates by
adoption the 2006 International Fire Code of the International
Code Council with necessary California amendments.

101.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the min-
imum requirements consistent with nationally recognized good
practices to safeguard the public health, safety and general
welfare from the hazards of fire, explosion or dangerous condi-
tions in new and existing buildings, structures, and premises,
and to provide safety and assistance to fire fighters and emer-
gency responders during emergency operations.

101.3 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the con-
struction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement,
repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance,
removal and demolition of every building or structure or any
appurtenances, connected or attached to such building struc-
tures throughout the State of California.

This code establishes regulations affecting or relating to
buildings, structures, processes, premises and a reasonable
degree of life and property safeguards regarding:

1. The hazard of fire and explosion arising from the storage,
handling or use of structures, materials or devices;

2. Conditions hazardous to life, property or public welfare
in the use of, occupancy of buildings, structures, or pre-
mises;

3. Fire hazards in the buildings, structures, or on premises
from use of, occupancy of, or operation;

4. Matters related to the construction, extension, repair,
alteration or removal of fire suppression or alarm sys-
tems.

101.3.1 Nonstate-regulated buildings, structures, and
applications. Except as modified by local ordinance pursu-
ant to Section 101.8, the building standards in the Califor-
nia Code of Regulations, Title 24, Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10
shall apply to all occupancies and applications not regu-
lated by a state agency.

101.3.2 State-regulated buildings, structures, andapplica-
tions. The model code, state amendments to the model code,
and/or state amendments where there are no relevant model
code provisions, shall apply to the following buildings,
structures, and applications regulated by state agencies as
referenced in the Matrix Adoption Tables and as specified in
Sections 102 through 113, except where modified by local
ordinance pursuant to Section 101.8. When adopted by a

state agency, the provisions of this code shall be enforced by
the appropriate enforcing agency, but only to the extent of
authority granted to such agency by the State Legislature.

Note: See Preface to distinguish the model code provi-
sions from the California provisions.

1. Applications regulated by the Office of State Fire
Marshal include but are not limited to the following in
accordance with Section 111:

1. Buildings or structures used or intended for use as
an:

1.1. Asylum, jail

1.2. Mental hospital, hospital, home for the el-
derly, children's nurseiy, children's home or
institution, school or any similar occupancy
of any capacity

1.3. Theater, dancehall, skating rink, auditorium,
assembly hall, meeting hall, nightclub, fair
building, or similar place of assemblage
where 50 or more persons may gather to-
gether in a building, room or structure for the
purpose of amusement, entertainment, in-
struction, deliberation, worship, drinking or
dining, awaiting transportation, or education

1.4. Small family day-care homes, large family
day-care homes, residential facilities and res-
idential facilities for the elderly, residential
care facilities

1.5. State institutions or other state-owned or
state-occupied buildings

1.6. High-rise structures

1.7. Motion picture production studios

1.8. Organized camps

1.9. Residential structures

2. Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures used in
connection with any occupancy

3. Fire alarm devices, equipment and systems in con-
nection with any occupancy

4. Hazardous materials, flammable and combustible
liquids

5. Public school automatic fire detection, alarm, and
sprinkler systems

6. Wildland urban interface fire areas

101.4 Appendices. Provisions contained in the appendices of
this code shall not apply unless specifically adopted by a state
agency or adopted by a local enforcing agency in compliance
with Health and Safety Code Section 18938 (b) for Building
Standards Law, Health and Safety Code Section 17950 for
State Housing Law and Health and Safety Code Section

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

13869. 7 for Fire Protection Districts. See Section 101.8 of this
code.

101.5 Referenced codes. The codes, standards and publica-
tions adopted and set forth in this code, including other codes,
standards and publications referred to therein are, by title and
date of publication, hereby adopted as standard reference doc-
uments of this code. When this code does not specifically cover
any subject related to building design and construction, recog-
nized fire engineering practices shall be employed. The
National Fire Codes and the Fire Protection Handbook of the
National Fire Protection Association are permitted to be used
as authoritative guides in determining recognized fire-preven-
tion engineering practices.

101.6 Non-building standards, orders and regulations.

Requirements contained in the California Fire Code, or in any
other referenced standard, code or document, which are not
building standards as defined in Section 18909, Health and
Safety Code, shall not be construed as part of the provisions of
this code. For non-building standards, orders, and regulations,
see other titles of the California Code of Regulations.

101.7 Order of precedence and use.

101. 7.1 Differences. In the event of any differences between
these building standards and the standard reference docu-
ments, the text of these building standards shall govern.

101.7.2 Specific provision. Where a specific provision var-
ies from a general provision, the specific provisions shall
apply.

101.7.3 Conflicts. When the requirements of this code con-
flict with the requirements of any other part of the California
Building Standards Code, Title 24, the most restrictive
requirement shall prevail.

101.8 City, county, or city and county amendments, additions
or deletions. The provisions of this code do not limit the author-
ity of city, county, or city and county governments to establish
more restrictive and reasonably necessary differences to the
provisions contained in this code pursuant to complying with
Section 101.8.1. The effective date of amendments, additions,
or deletions to this code of cities, counties, or city and counties
filed pursuant to Section 101.8.1 shall be the date filed. How-
ever, in no case shall the amendments, additions or deletions to
this code be effective any sooner than the effective date of this
code.

101.8.1 Findings and filings.

1. The city, county, or city and county shall make express
findings for each amendment, addition or deletion based
upon climatic, topographical, or geological conditions.

Exception: Hazardous building ordinances and pro-
grams mitigating unreinforced masonry buildings.

2. The city, county, or city and county shall file the amend-
ments, additions, or deletions expressly marked and
identified as to the applicable findings. Cities, counties,
cities and counties, and fire departments shall file the
amendments, additions or deletions, and the findings
with the California Building Standards Commission at
2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130, Sacramento, CA
95833.

3. Findings prepared by fire protection districts shall be
ratified by the local city, county, or city and county and
filed with the California Department of Housing and
Community Development at 1800 3"' Street, Room 260,
Sacramento, CA 95814.

101.9 Effective date of this code. Only those standards
approved by the California Building Standards Commission
that are effective at the time an application for building permit
is submitted shall apply to the plans and specifications for, and
to the construction performed under, that permit. For the effec-
tive dates of the provisions contained in this code, see the His-
tory Note page of this code.

201.10 Availability of codes. At least one entire copy each of
Titles 8, 19, 20, 24, and 25 with all revisions shall be main-
tained in the office of the building official responsible for the
administration and enforcement of this code. See Health and
Safety Code Section 18942 (d) (1) & (2).

101.11 Format. This part fundamentally adopts the Interna-
tional Fire Code by reference on a chapter-by-chapter basis.
Such adoption is reflected in the Matrix adoption table of each
chapter of this part. When the Matrix adoption tables make no
reference to a specific chapter of the International Fire Code,
such chapter of the International Fire Code is not adopted as a
portion of this code.

101.12 Validity. If any chapter Section, subSection, sentence,
clause or phrase of this code is for any reason held to be uncon-
stitutional, contrary to statute, exceeding the authority of the
state as stipulated by statutes, or otherwise inoperative, such
decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion of
this code.

SECTION 102
RESERVED

SECTION 103
RESERVED

SECTION 104
RESERVED

SECTION 105
RESERVED

SECTION 106
RESERVED

SECTION 107
RESERVED

SECTION 108
RESERVED

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

[DSA-AC] SECTION 109
DIVISION OF THE STATE ARCHITECT

109.1 Division of the State Architect — Access Compliance

General. The purpose of this code is to ensure that barrier free
design is incorporated in all buildings, facilities, site work and
, other improvements to which this code applies in compliance
with state law to ensure that these improvements are accessible
to and usable by persons with disabilities. Additions, alter-
ations and structural repairs in all buildings andfacilities shall
comply with these provisions for new buildings, except as oth-
erwise provided and specified herein.

The provisions of these regulations shall apply to any porta-
ble buildings leased or owned by a school district, and shall
also apply to temporary and emergency buildings andfacili-
ties.

In addition, to incorporate standards at least as restrictive as
those required by the federal government for barrier-free
design under (1) Title III (Public Accommodations and Com-
mercial Facilities), Subpart D (New Construction and Alter-
ation) and Appendix A (Americans with Disabilities Act
Standards for Accessible Design) (see 28 C.F.R., Part 36), and
(2) Title II (Public Entities), Section 35.151 (New Construction
and Alterations) (see 28 C.F.R., Part 35) both from theAmeri-
canswithDisabilitiesActofl990, and(3) under the Fair Hous-
ing Amendments Act of 1988. Some of these regulations may be
more stringent than state law in order to meet the federal
requirement.

109.1.1 Application. See Government Code commencing
with Section 4450. Publicly funded buildirigs, structures,
sidewalks, curbs and relatedfacilities shall be accessible to
and usable by persons with disabilities as follows:

109.1.1.1 All buildings, structures, sidewalks, curbs and
relatedfacilities constructed in the state by the use of
state, county or municipal funds, or the funds of any
political subdivision of the state.

109.1.1.2 All buildings, structures andfacilities that are
leased, rented, contracted, sublet or hired by any munici-
pal county, or state division of government, or by a spe-
cial district

109.1.1.3 All publicly funded buildings used for congre-
gate residences or for one- or two-family dwelling unit
purposes shall conform to the provisions applicable to
living accommodations.

109.1.1.4 All existing publicly funded buildings and
facilities when alterations, structural repairs or addi-
tions are made to such buildings or facilities. For
detailed requirements on existing buildings, see Chapter
I IB, Division IV.

109.1.1.5 With respect to buildings, structures, side-
walks, curbs and relatedfacilities not requiring a build-
ing permit, building standards published in the
California Building Standards Code relating to access
for persons with disabilities and other regulations
adopted pursuant to Government Code Section 4450,
and in effect at the time construction is commenced, shall
be applicable.

109.1.2 Application. See Health and Safety Code com-
mencing with Section 19952. All privately funded public
accommodations, as defined, and commercial facilities, as
defined, shall be accessible to persons withphysical disabil-
ities as follows. ■

Exception: Certain types of privately funded multistory
buildings do not require installation of an elevator to
provide access above and below the first floor. See the
California Building Code, Chapter IIB.

109.1.2.1 Any building, structure, facility, complex, or
improved area, or portions thereof, which are used by the
general public.

109.1.2.2 Any sanitary facilities which are made avail-
able for the public, clients or employees in such accom-
modations or facilities.

109.1.2.3 Any curb or sidewalk intended for public use
that is constructed in this state with private funds.

109.1.2.4 All existing privately funded public accommo-
dations when alterations, structural repairs or additions
are made to such public accommodations as set forth
under the California Building Code, Chapter IIB.

109.1.3 Application — public housing and private housing
available for public use. See Government Code Sections
4450 and 12955.1 (d).

109.1.4 Enforcing agency.

109.1.4.1 The director of General Services where state
funds are utilizedfor any project or where funds of coun-
ties, municipalities or other political subdivisions are
utilizedfor the construction of elementary, secondary or
community college projects.

109.1.4.2 The governing bodies where funds of counties,
municipalities or other political subdivisions are utilized
except as otherwise provided above.

109.1.4.3 The building department of every city, county,
or city and county within the territorial area of its city,
county, or city and county, where private funds are uti-
lized. "Building department" means the department,
bureau or officer charged with the enforcement of laws or
ordinances regulating the erection or construction, or
both the erection and construction, of buildings.

109.1.5 Special conditions for persons with disabilities
requiring appeals action ratification. Whenever reference
is made in these regulations to this Section, the findings and
determinations required to be rendered by the local enforc-
ing agency shall be subject to ratification through an
appeals process.

109.1.6 Authority cited. Government Code Section 4450.

109.1.7 Reference cited. Government Code Sections 4450
through 4461, 12955.1(d) and Health and Safety Code Sec-
tions 18949.1, 19952 through 19959.

SECTION 110
RESERVED

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

[SFM] SECTION 111
OFFICE OF THE STATE FIRE MARSHAL

111.1 SFM— Office of the State Fire Marshal.

Any building or structure used or intended for use as an asy-
lum, jail, mental hospital, hospital, sanitarium, home for the
aged, children's nursery, children's home, school or any similar
occupancy of any capacity.

Any theater, dancehall, skating rink, auditorium, assembly
hall, meeting hall, nightclub, fair building, or similar place of
assemblage where 50 or more persons may gather together in a
building, room or structure for the purpose of amusement,
entertainment, instruction, deliberation, worship, drinking or
dining, awaiting transportation, or education.

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

Small family day-care homes

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Sections 1597.45,
1597.54, 13143 and 17921

Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

Large family day-care homes

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Sections 1597.46,
1597.54 and 17921

Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

Residential facilities and residential facilities for the elderly
Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13133
Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

Any state institution or other state-owned or state-occupied
building

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13108

Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

High-rise structures

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13211

Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

Motion picture production studios

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13143.1

Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

Organized camps

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 18897.3

Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

Residential

All hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartment houses and
dwellings, including congregate residences and buildings and
structures accessory thereto.

Multiple-story structures existing on January 1, 1975, let for
human habitation, including and limited to, hotels, motels,
apartment houses, less than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the low-

est floor level having building access, wherein rooms used for
sleeping are let above the ground floor.

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Sections 13143.2 and
17921

Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

Residential care facilities

Certified family-care homes, out-of-home placement facili-
ties, halfway houses, drug and/or alcohol rehabilitation facili-
ties and any building or structure used or intended for use as a
home or institution for the housing of any person of any age
when such person is referred to or placed within such home or
institution for protective social care and supervision services
by any governmental agency.

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6

Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures used in connection
with any occupancy

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13116

Reference: Health and Safety Code Section 13143

Enforcing agency: Pursuant to Section 13146, Health and
Safety Code:

Fire alarm devices, equipment and systems in connection
with any occupancy

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13114

Hazardous materials

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13143.9

Flammable and combustible liquids

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6

Public school automatic fire detection, alarm, and sprinkler
systems

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Section 13143 and
California Education Code Article 7.5, Sections 17074.50,
17074.52, & 17074.54

Reference: Government Code Section 11 152.5 andHealth and
Safety Code Section 13143 and California Education Code
Chapter 12.5, Leroy F. Greene School Facilities Act of 1998,
Article 1

Wildland urban interface fire area

Authority cited: Health and Safety Code Sections 13143,
13108.5(a) and 18949.2(b) and (c) and Government Code Sec-
tion 51189

Reference: Health and Safety Code Sections 13143 and Gov-
ernment Code Sections 51176, 51177, 51178 and 51179 and
Public Resources Code Sections 4201 through 4204

111.2 Duties and powers of the enforcing agency

111.2.1 Enforcement.

111.2.1.1 The responsibility for enforcement of building
standards adopted by the State Fire Marshal and pub-
lished in the California Building Standards Code relat-

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

ing to fire and panic safety and other regulations of the
Office of the State Fire Marshal shall be as follows:

1. The city, county, or city and county with jurisdic-
tion in the area affected by the standard or regula-
tion shall delegate the enforcement of the building
standards relating to fire and panic safety and
other regulations of the State Fire Marshal as they
relate to Group R, Division 3 dwellings, as de-
scribed in Section 310.1 of Part 2 of the California
Building Standards Code, to either of the follow-
ing:

1.1. The chief of the fire authority of the city,

• county, or city and county, or an authorized
representative.

1.2. The chief building official of the city, county,
or city and county, or an authorized represen-
tative.

2. The chief of any city or county fire department or of
any fire protection district, and authorized repre-
sentatives, shall enforce within the fiirisdiction the
building standards and other regulations of the
State Fire Marshal, except those described in Item
1 or 4.

3. The State Fire Marshal shall have authority to en-
force the building standards and other regulations
of the State Fire Marshal in areas outside of corpo-
rate cities and districts providing fire protection
services.

4. The State Fire Marshal shall have authority to en-
force the building standards and other regulations
of the State Fire Marshal in corporate cities and
districts providing fire protection services on re-
quest of the chief fire official or the governing
body.

5. Any fee charged pursuant to the enforcement au-
thority of this Section shall not exceed the esti-
mated reasonable cost of providing the service for
which the fee is charged pursuant to Section 66014
of the Government Code.

111.2.1.2 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13108, upon the written request of the chief fire official of
any city, county or fire protection district, the State Fire
Marshal may authorize such chief fire official and his or
her authorized representatives, in their geographical
area of responsibility, to make fire prevention inspections
of state-owned or state-occupied buildings, other than
state institutions, for the purpose of enforcing the regula-
tions relating to fire and panic safety adopted by the State
Fire Marshal pursuant to this Section and building stan-
dards relating to fire and panic safety published in the
California Building Standards Code. Authorization from
the State Fire Marshal shall be limited to those fire
departments or fire districts which maintain afire pre-
vention bureau staffed by paid personnel.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13108,
any requirement or order made by any chief fire official
who is authorized by the State Fire Marshal to make fire

prevention inspections of state-owned or state-occupied
buildings, other than state institutions, may be appealed
to the State Fire Marshal. The State Fire Marshal shall,
upon receiving an appeal and subject to the provisions of
Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 18945) of Part 2, 5
of Division 13 of the Health and Safety Code, determine
if the requirement or order made is reasonably consistent
with the fire and panic safety regulations adopted by the
Office of the State Fire Marshal and building standards
relating to fire and panic safety published in the Califor-
nia Building Code.

Any person may request a code interpretation from the
State Fire Marshal relative to the intent of any regulation
or provision adopted by the State Fire Marshal. When the
request relates to a specific project, occupancy or build-
ing, the State Fire Marshal shall review the issue with the
appropriate local enforcing agency prior to rendering
such code interpretation.

111.2.1.3 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13112, any person who violates any order, rule or regu-
lation of the State Fire Marshal is guilty of .a misde-
meanor punishable by a fine of not less than $100.00 or
more than $500. 00, or by imprisonment for not less than
six months, or by both. A person is guilty of a separate
offense each day during which he or she commits, contin-
ues or permits a violation of any provision of, or any
order, rule or regulation of, the State Fire Marshal as
contained in this code.

Any inspection authority who, in the exercise of his or
her authority as a deputy State Fire Marshal, causes any
legal complaints to be filed or any arrest to be made shall
notify the State Fire Marshal immediately following such
action.

111.2.2 Right of entry. The fire chief of any city, county or
fire protection district, or such person's authorized repre-
sentative, may enter any state institution or any other
state-owned or state-occupied building for the purpose of
preparing a fire-suppression preplanning program or for
the purpose of investigating any fire in a state-occupied
building.

The State Fire Marshal, his or her deputies or salaried
assistants, the chief of any city or county fire department or
fire protection district and his or her authorized representa-
tives may enter any building or premises not used for dwell-
ing purposes at any reasonable hour for the purpose of
enforcing this chapter. The owner, lessee, manager or oper-
ator of any such building or premises shall permit the State
Fire Marshal, his or her deputies or salaried assistants and
the chief of any city or county fire department or fire protec-
tion district and his or her authorized representatives to
enter and inspect them at the time and for the purpose stated
in this section.

111.2.3 Restrictive fire and panic safety building stan-
dards.

111.2.3.1 Any fire protection district organized pursuant
to Health and Safety Code Part 2. 7 (commencing with
Section 13800) of Division 12 may adopt building stan-

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENEtRAL CODE PROVISIONS

dards relating to fire and panic safety that are more strin-
gent than those building standards adopted by the State
Fire Marshal and contained in the California Building
Standards Code. For these purposes, the district board
shall be deemed a legislative body and the district shall
be deemed a local agency. Any changes or modifications
that are more stringent than the requirements published
in the California Building Standards Code relating to
fire and panic safety shall be subject to Section 101. 8.1.

111.2.3.2 Any fire protection district that proposes to
adopt an ordinance pursuant to this Section shall, not
less than 30 days prior to noticing a proposed ordinance
for public hearing, provide a copy of that ordinance,
together with the adoptedfindings made pursuant to Sec-
tion 111.2.3.1, to the city, county, or city and county
where the ordinance will apply. The city, county, or city
and county, may provide the district with written com-
ments, which shall become part of the fire protection dis-
trict's public hearing record.

111.2.3.3 The fire protection district shall transmit the
adopted ordinance to the city, county, or city and county
where the ordinance will apply. The legislative body of
the city, county, or city and county, may ratify, modify or
deny an adopted ordinance and transmit its determina-
tion to the district within 15 days of the determination.
Any modification or denial of an adopted ordinance shall
include a written statement describing the reasons for
any modifications or denial. No ordinance adopted by
the district shall be effective until ratification by the city,
county, or city and county where the ordinance will
apply. Upon ratification of an adopted ordinance, the
city, county, or city and county, shall file a copy of the
findings of the district, and any findings of the city,
county, or city and county, together with the adopted
ordinance expressly marked and identified to which each
finding refers, in accordance with Section 101.8.1:3.

111.2.4 Request for alternate means of protection.

Requests for approval to use an alternative material, assem-
bly or materials, equipment, method of construction,
method of installation of equipment, or means of protection
shall be made in writing to the enforcing agency by the
owner or the owner's authorized representative and shall be
accompanied by a full statement of the conditions. Sufficient
evidence or proof shall be submitted to substantiate any
claim that may be made regarding its conformance. The
enforcing agency may require tests and the submission of a
test report from an approved testing organization as set
forth in Title 19, California Code of Regulation, to substan-
tiate the equivalency of the proposed alternative means of
protection.

When a request for alternate means of protection involves
hazardous materials, the enforcing agency may consider
implementation of the findings and recommendations iden-
tified in a Risk Management Plan (RMP) developed in
accordance with Title 19, Division 2, Chapter 4.5, Article 3.

Approval of a request for use of an alternative material,
assembly of materials, equipment, method of construction,
method of installation of equipment, or means of protection

made pursuant to these provisions shall be limited to the
particular case covered by request and shall not be con-
strued as establishing any precedent for any future request.

111.2.5 Appeals. When a request for an alternate means of
protection has been denied by the enforcing agency, the
applicant may file a written appeal to the State Fire Marshal
for consideration of the applicant's proposal In consider-
ing such appeal, the State Fire Marshal may seek the advice
of the State Board of Fire Services. The State Fire Marshal
shall, after considering all of the facts presented, including
any recommendations of the State Board of Fire Services,
determine if the proposal is for the purposes intended, at
least equivalent to that specified in these regulations in
quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability
and safety, and shall transmit such findings and any recom-
mendations to the applicant and to the enforcing agency.

111.3 Construction documents. In addition to the provisions
of this Section, see Title 24, Part 2, California Building Code,
Appendix Chapter 1, Section 106 for additional requirements.

111.3.1 Public schools. Plans and specifications for the
construction, alteration or addition to any building owned,
leased or rented by any public school district shall be sub-
mitted to the Division of the State Architect, Office of Regu-
lation Services for review and approval.

Exception: Upon the annual submission of a written
request by the chief of any city, county, or city and county
fire department or fire protection district to the Division
of the State Architect, Office of Regulation Services,
approvals required by this subSection shall be obtained
from the appropriate chief or his or her authorized repre-
sentative. In such instances plans and specifications may
be submitted to the State Fire Marshal for relay to the
appropriate local authority or may be submitted directly
to such local authority.

111.3.2 Movable walls and partitions. Plans or diagrams
shall be submitted to the enforcing agency for approval
before the installation of, or rearrangement of, any movable
wall or partition in any occupancy. Approval shall be
granted only if there is no increase in the fire hazard.

111.3.3 New construction high-rise buildings.

1. Complete plans or specifications, or both, shall be
prepared covering all work required to comply with
new construction high-rise buildings. Such plans and
specifications shall be submitted to the enforcing
agency having jurisdiction.

2. All plans and specifications shall be prepared under
the responsible charge of an architect or a civil or
structural engineer authorized by law to develop con-
struction plans and specifications, or by both such ar-
chitect and engineer. Plans and specifications shall
be prepared by an engineer duly qualified in that
branch of engineering necessary to perform such ser-
vices. Administration of the work of construction
shall be under the charge of the responsible architect
or engineer except that where plans and specifica-
tions involve alterations or repairs, such work of con-
struction may be administered by an engineer duly

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

qualified to perform such services and holding a valid
certificate under Chapter 7 (commencing with Sec-
tion 65700) of Division 3 of the Business and Profes-
sions Code for performance of services in that branch
of engineering in which said plans, specifications and
estimates and work of construction are applicable.

This Section shall not be construed as preventing the
design of fire-extinguishing systems by persons holding a
C-16 license issued pursuant to Division 3, Chapter 9,
Business and Professions Code. In such instances, how-
ever, the responsibility charge of this Section shall pre-
vail.

111.3.4 Existing high-rise buildings.

1. Complete plans or specifications, or both, shall be
prepared covering all work required by Section 3412,
for existing high-rise buildings. Suchplans or specifi-
cations shall be submitted to the enforcing agency
having jurisdiction.

2. When new construction is required to conform to the
provisions of these regulations, complete plans or
specifications, or both, shall be prepared in accor-
dance with the provisions of this subSection. As used
in this Section "new construction" is not intended to
include repairs, replacements or minor alterations
which do not disrupt or appreciably add to or affect
the structural aspects of the building.

111.3.5 Retention of plans. Refer to Building Standards
Law, Health and Safety Code Sections 19850 and 19851, for
permanent retention of plans.

111.4 Fees

111.4.1 Other fees. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code
Section 13146.2, a city, county or district which inspects a
hotel, motel, lodging house, or apartment house may charge
and collect a fee for the inspection from the owner of the
structure in an amount, as determined by the city, county or
district, sufficient to pay its costs of that inspection.

111.4.2 Large family day care. Pursuant to Health and
Safety Code Section 1597.46, Large Family Day-care
Homes, the local government shall process any required
permit as economically as possible, and fees charged for
review shall not exceed the costs of the review and permit
process.

111.4.3 High-rise. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Sec-
tion 13217, High-rise Structure Inspection: Fees and Costs,
a local agency which inspects a high-rise structure pursuant
to Health and Safety Code Section 13217 may charge and
collect a fee for the inspection from the owner of the
high-rise structurein an amount, as determined by the local ■
agency, sufficient to pay its costs of that inspection.

111.4.4 Fire clearance preinspection. Pursuant to Health
and Safety Code Section 13235, Fire Clearance Preinspec-
tion, fee; upon receipt of a request from a prospective
licensee of a community care facility, as defined in Section
1502, of a residential-care facility for the elderly, as defined
in Section 1569.2, or of a child day-care facility, as defined
in Section 1596.750, the local fire enforcing agency, as
defined in Section 13244, or State' Fire Marshal, whichever

has primary jurisdiction, shall conduct a preinspection of
the facility prior to the final fire clearance approval. At the
time of the preinspection, the primary fire enforcing agency
shall price consultation and interpretation of the fire safety
regulations, and shall notify the prospective licensee of the
facility in writing of the specific fire safety regulations which
shall be enforced in order to obtain fire clearance approval.
A fee of not more than $50.00 may be charged for the
preinspection of a facility with a capacity to serve 25 or
fewer persons. A fee of not more than $100.00 may be
charged for a preinspection of a facility with a capacity to
serve 26 or more persons.

111.4.5 Care facilities. The primary fire enforcing agency
shall complete the final fire clearance inspection for a com-
munity care facility, residential-care facility for the elderly,
or child day-care facility within 30 days of receipt of the
request for the final inspection, or as of the date the prospec-
tive facility requests the final prelicensure inspection by the
State Department of Social Services, whichever is later.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13235, a
preinspection fee of not more than $50.00 may be charged
for a facility with a capacity to serve 25 or less clients. A fee
of not more than $100.00 may be charged for a preinspec-
tion of a facility with a capacity to serve 26 or more clients.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13131.5, a
reasonable final inspection fee, not to exceed the actual cost
of inspection services necessary to complete a final inspec-
tion may be charged for occupancies classified as residen-
tial care facilities for the elderly (RCFE).

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 1569.84, nei-
ther the State Fire Marshal nor any local public entity shall
charge any fee for enforcing fire inspection regulations pur-
suant to state law or regulation or local ordinance, with
respect to residential-care facilities for the elderly (RCFE)
which service six or fewer persons.

111.4.6 Requests of the office of the State Fire Marshal.

Whenever a local enforcing agency requests that the State
Fire Marshal perform plan review and/or inspection ser-
vices related to a building permit, the applicable fees for
such shall be payable to the Office of the State Fire Marshal.

111.5 Inspections. Work performed subject to the provisions of
this code shall comply with the inspection requirements con-
tained in Appendix Chapter 1, Section 106 as adopted by the
Office of the State Fire Marshal.

111.5.1 Existing Group I-l or R occupancies. Licensed
24-hour care in a Group I-l orR occupancy in existence and
originally classified under previously adopted state codes
shall be reinspected under the appropriate previous code
provided there is no change in the use or character which
would place the facility in a different occupancy group.

111.6 Certificate of Occupancy. A Certificate of Occupancy
shall be issued as specified in Title 24, Part 2, California Build-
ing Code, Appendix Chapter 1, Section 110.

Exception: Group R-3 and Group U occupancies.

111.7 Temporary structures anduses. See Title 24, Part 2, Cal-
ifornia Building Code, Appendix Chapter 1, Section 107.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS

111.8 Service utilities. See Title 24, Part 2, California Building
Code, Appendix Chapter 1, Section 111.

111.9 Stop work order. See Title 24, Part 2, California Building
Code, Appendix Chapter 1, Section 114.

111.10 Unsafe buildings, structures and equipment. See Title
24, Part 2, California Building Code, Appendix Chapter 1, Sec-
tion 115.

SECTION 112
RESERVED

SECTION 113
RESERVED

SECTION 114
RESERVED

1 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

201.3

202.0

IFC

Accessible Means of
Egress

IFC

Aged Home or institution

Area of Refuge

IFC

Assembly

Assembly Building

Bedridden Person

Building

CA .

Care and Supervision

Catastrophically Injured

Cell

Celi Complex

Cell Tiers

Child-Care Center

Child or Children

Chronically III

Congregate Living Health
Facility (CLHF)

Congregate Residence

Daycare

Day-Care Home, Large
Family

Day-Care Home, Small
Family

Day Room

Enforcing Agency

Exit

IFC

Fire-Retardant Treated
Wood

Fire Appliance

Fixed Guideway Transit
System

Fuii-Tlme Care

Guard or Guardrail

IFC

Handrail

IFC

High-Rise Building

Holding Facility

Housing Unit

infant

Lodging House

Mentally Retarded
Persons, Profoundly or
Severely

IVIodernization Project

New Public School
Campus

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ctiapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections iisted below)

Adopt oniy those sections that are
iisted beiow

Chapter / Section

Codes

Non-Accessibie Area

Nonambuiatory Persons

Noncombustible

Occupancy Ciassification

Permanent Portable
Building

Photoluminescent

Portable Building

Protective Social Care

Public Way

IFC

Residential Care Facility
for the Chronically III
(RCF/CI)

Residential Care Facility
For The Elderly (RCFE)

Residential Facility (RF)

Restraint

Self-luminous

Stair

IFC

Stairway

IFC

Terminally III

Winery Caves

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 2

DEFINITIONS

SECTION 201
GENERAL

201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following
words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, have the
meanings shown in this chapter.

201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tense
include the future; words stated in the masculine gender
include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes
the plural and the plural, the singular.

201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not
defined in this code and ai'e defined in the California Building
Code, California Mechanical Code or California Plumbing
Code, such terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them as
in those codes.

201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined
through the methods authorized by this section, such terms
shall have ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context
implies. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the
English Language, Unabridged, shall be considered as provid-
ing ordinarily accepted meanings.

For applications listed in Section 111 regulated by the Office
of the State Fire Marshal, where terms are not defined through
the methods authorized by this section, such terms shall have
ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context implies. Web-
ster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Lan-
guage, Unabridged, shall be considered as providing
ordinarily accepted meanings.

SECTION 202
GENERAL DEFINITIONS

[B] ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. See Section
1002.1.

AEROSOL. See Section 2802. 1 .

Level 1 aerosol products. See Section 2802.1.

Level 2 aerosol products. See Section 2802.1.

Level 3 aerosol products. See Section 2802.1.

AEROSOL CONTAINER. See Section 2802.1.

AEROSOL WAREHOUSE. See Section 2802.1.

[B]AGED HOME OR INSTITUTION. A facility used for the
housing of persons 65 years of age or older in need of care and
supervision. (See definition of "care and supervision." )

AGENT. A person who shall have chai'ge, cai'e or control of
any structure as owner, or agent of the owner, or as executor,
executrix, administrator, administratrix, trustee or guardian of
the estate of the owner. Any such person representing the actual
owner shall be bound to comply with the provisions of this
code to the same extent as if that person was the owner.

AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURE. See Section 2402.1.

AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA). See Section
1102.1.

AIRPORT. See Section 1 102. 1 .

AISLE. See Section 1002.

[B] AISLE ACCESSWAY. See Section 1002.1.

ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. See Section
902.1.

ALARM SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.

ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE. See Section' 902.1.

ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB. See Section 3402.1.

[EB] ALTERATION. Any construction or renovation to an
existing structure other than a repair or addition.

[B] ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. See Section 1002. 1 .

AMMONIUM NITRATE. See Section 3302.1.

ANNUNCIATOR. See Section 902. 1 .

APPROVED. Acceptable to the fire code official.

[B] AREA OF REFUGE. See Section 1002.1.

ARRAY. See Section 2302.1.

ARRAY, CLOSED. See Section 2302.1.

[B] ASSEMBLY. The gathering together of 50 or more persons
for such purposes as deliberation, education, instruction, wor-
ship, entertainment, amusement, drinking, dining or awaiting
transportation.

[B] ASSEMBLY BUILDING. A building or portion of a build-
ing used for the gathering together of 50 or more persons for
such purposes as deliberation, education, instruction, wor-
ship, entertainment, amusement, drinking or dining, or await-
ing transportation. Any building or structure or portion thereof
used or intended to be used for the showing of motion pictures
when an admission fee is charged and when such building or
structure is open to the public and has a capacity of 10 or more
persons.

AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. See

Section 902.1.

AUTOMATIC. See Section 902.1.

AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See

Section 902.1.

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.

AUTOMOTIVE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACIL-
ITY. See Section 2202.1.

AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. See Section 902. 1 .

BARRICADE. See Section 3302.1.

Artificial barricade. See Section 3302.1.

Natural barricade. See Section 3302.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

BARRICADED. See Section 3302.1.

BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY LEAD ACID. See

Section 602.1.

BATTERY TYPES. See Section 602.1.

Nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery. See Section 602.1.

Nonrecombinant battery. See Section 602.1.

Recombinant battery. See Section 602.1.

Stationary storage battery. See Section 602.1.

Valve-regulated lead-acid battery. See Section 602.1.

Vented (Flooded) lead-acid battery. See Section 602.1.

[B] BEDRIDDEN PERSON. A person, requiring assistance
in turning and repositioning in bed, or being unable to inde-
pendently transfer to and from bed, except in facilities with
appropriate and sufficient care staff, mechanical devices if nec-
essary, and safety precautions as determined in Title 22 regula-
tions, by the Director of Social Services or his or her
designated representative.

The Director of Social Services or his or her designated rep-
resentative shall make the determination of the bedridden sta-
tus of persons with developmental disabilities, in consulation
with the Director of Developmental Services or his or her des-
ignated representative.

The Director of Social Services or his or her designated rep-
resentative shall make the determination of the bedridden sta-
tus of all other persons with disabilities who are not
developmentally disabled.

BIN BOX. See Section 2302.1.

BLAST AREA. See Section 3302.1.

BLAST SITE. See Section 3302.1.

BLASTER. See Section 3302.1.

BLASTING AGENT. See Section 3302.1.

[B] BLEACHERS. See Section 1002.1.

BOILING POINT. See Section 2702.1.

BONFIRE. See Section 302.1.

BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU). The heat necessary to
raise the temperature of 1 pound (0.454 kg) of water by 1°F
(0.5565°C).

[B] BUILDING. Any structure used or intended for supporting
or sheltering any use or occupancy.

Note: Building shall have the same meaning as defined in
Health and Safety Code Sections 17920 and 18908 for the
applications specified in Section 111.

BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM. See Section 4002.1.

BULK PLANT OR TERMINAL. See Section 3402.1.

BULK TRANSFER. See Section 3402.1.

BULLET RESISTANT. See Section 3302.1.

CANOPY. See Section 2402.1.

CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See

Section 902.1.

[B] CARE AND SUPERVISION. Any one or more of the fol-
lowing activities provided by a person or facility to meet the
needs of the clients:

Assistance in dressing, grooming, bathing and other per-
sonal hygiene

Assistance with taking medication

Central storing and/or distribution of medications

Arrangement of and assistance with medical and dental
care

Maintenance of house rules for the protection of clients

Supervision of client schedules and activities

Maintenance and/or supervision of client cash resources or
property

Monitoring food intake or special diets

Providing basic services required by applicable law and
regulation to be provided by the licensee in order to obtain
and maintain a community-care facility license

CARTON. A cardboard or fiberboard box enclosing a product.

[B] CATASTROPHICALLY INJURED. As termed means a
person whose origin of disability was acquired through trauma
or nondegenerative neurologic illness, for whom it has been
determined by the Department of Health Services Certification
and Licensing that active rehabilitation would be beneficial.

CEILING LIMIT. See Section 2702.1.

[B] CELL. A housing unit in a detention or correctional facility
for the confinement of not more than two inmates or prisoners.

[B] CELL COMPLEX. A cluster or group of cells or dormito-
ries in a jail, prison, or other detention facility, together with
rooms used for accessory purposes, all of which open into the
cell complex, and are used for functions such as dining, coun-
seling, exercise, classrooms, sick call, visiting, storage, staff
offices, control rooms or similar functions, and interconnecting
corridors all within the cell complex.

[B] CELL TIERS. Cells, dormitories and accessory spaces.
Cell tiers are located one level above the other, and do not
exceed two levels per floor. A cell tier shall not he considered a
story or mezzanine.

[EB] CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY. A change in the purpose
or level of activity within a building that involves a change in
application of the requirements of this code.

CHEMICAL. See Section 2702.1.

CHEMICAL NAME. See Section 2702.1.

[B] CHILD-CARE CENTER. Any facility of any capacity
other than a large or small family day-care home as defined in
these regulations in which less than 24-hour-per-day
nonmedical supervision is provided for children in a group set-
ting.

[B] CHILD OR CHILDREN. A person or persons under the
age of 18 years.

[B] CHRONICALLY ILL. See "Terminally ill."

CLEAN AGENT. See Section 902.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

CLOSED CONTAINER. See Section 2702.1.

CLOSED SYSTEM. The use of a solid or liquid hazardous
material involving a closed vessel or system that remains
closed during normal operations where vapors emitted by the
product are not liberated outside of the vessel or system and the
product is not exposed to the atmosphere during normal opera-
tions; and all. uses of compressed gases. Examples of closed
systems for solids and liquids include product conveyed
through a piping system into a closed vessel, system or piece of
equipment.

COLD DECK. See Section 1902.1.

COMBUSTIBLE DUST. See Section 1302.1.

COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS. See Section 2902.1.

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. See Section 3402.1.

Class n. See Section 3402.1.

Class IIIA.. See Section 3402.1.

Class inB. See Section 3402.1.

[M] COMMERCIAL COOKING APPLIANCES. See Sec-
tion 602.1.

COMMODITY. See Section 2302.1.

[B] COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. See Section
1002.1.

COMPRESSED GAS. See Section 3002.1.

COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER. See Section 3002.1.

COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM. See Section 3002.1.

[B] CONGREGATE LIVING HEALTH FACILITY (CLHF).

As termed, is a residential home with a capacity of no more
than six beds, which provides inpatient care, including the fol-
lowing basic services: medical supervision, 24-hour skilled
nursing and supportive care, pharmacy, dietary, social recre-
ational, and at least provides services for persons who are
diagnosed with a terminal illness or who are catastrophically
and severely disabled.

[B] CONGREGATE RESIDENCE. Any building or portion
thereof that contains facilities for living, sleeping and sanita-
tion, as required by this code, and may include facilities for eat-
ing and cooking, for occupancy by other than a family. A
congregate residence may be a shelter, convent, monastery,
dormitory, fraternity or sorority house, but does not include
jails, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels or lodging houses.

CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION. See Section
902.1.

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. The written, graphic
and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing
the design, location and physical characteristics of the ele-
ments of the project necessary for obtaining a permit.

CONTAINER. See Section 2702.1.

CONTAINMENT SYSTEM. See Section 3702.1.

CONTAINMENT VESSEL. See Section 3702.1.

CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM. See Section
1802.1.

CONTROL AREA. See Section 2702.1.
[B] CORRIDOR. See Section 1002.1.
COTTON. See Section 2902.1.

Baled cotton. See Section 2902.1.

Baled cotton, densely packed. See Section 2902.1.

Seed cotton. See Section 2902.1.

CORROSIVE. See Section 3102.1.

CRYOGENIC CONTAINER. See Section 3202.1.

CRYOGENIC FLUID. See Section 3202. 1 .

CRYOGENIC VESSEL. See Section 3202. 1 .

CYLINDER. See Section 2702.1.

DAY BOX. See Section 2702.1.

[B] DAY-CARE. Shall, for the purposes of these regulations,
mean the care of persons during any period of a 24-hour day
where permanent sleeping accommodations are nofprovided.

Note: "Day-care " shall not be construed to preclude the
use of cots or mats for napping purposes, provided all
employees, attendants and staff personnel are awake and on
duty in the area where napping occurs.

[B] DAY-CARE HOME, LARGE FAMILY. A providers own
home licensed to provide day care for periods less than 24
hours per day for nine to 14 persons, including children under
the age of 10 years who reside at the home.

[B] DAY-CARE HOME, SMALL FAMILY. A home which
provides family day care to eight or fewer children, including
children under the age of 10 years who reside at the home, in
the provider's own home, for periods of less than 24 hours per
day. Small family day-care homes are exempted from state fire
and life safety regulations other than those state and local stan-
dards applicable to Group R-3 occupancies. See Health and
Safety Code, Section 13143 (b).

DAY ROOM. A room which is adjacent to a cell, or cell tier, or
dormitory and which is used as a dining, exercise or other
activity room for inmates.

DECORATIVE MATERIALS. All materials applied over
the building interior finish for decorative, acoustical or other
effect (such as curtains, draperies, fabrics, sti'eamers and sur-
face coverings) and all other materials utilized for decorative
effect (such as batting, cloth, cotton, hay, staUcs, sti-aw, vines,
leaves, trees, moss and similai- items), including foam plastics
and materials containing foam plastics. Decorative materials
do not include floor coverings, ordinai-y window shades, inte-
rior finish and materials 0.025 inch (0.64 mm) or less in thick-
ness applied directly to and adhering tightly to a substrate.

DEFLAGRATION. See Section 2702. 1 .

DELUGE SYSTEM. See Section 902. 1 .

DESIGN PRESSURE. See Section 2702. 1 .

DETACHED BUILDING. See Section 2702.1.

DETEARING. See Section 1502.1.

DETECTOR, HEAT See Section 902.1.

DETONATING CORD. See Section 3302.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

DETONATION. See Section 3302.1.

DETONATOR. See Section 3302.1.

DIP TANK. See Section 1502.1.

DISCHARGE SITE. See Section 3302.1.

DISPENSING. See Section 2702.1.

DISPENSING DEVICE, OVERHEAD TYPE. See Section
2202.1.

DISPLAY SITE. See Section 3302.1.

[B] DOOR, BALANCED. See Section 1002.1.

DRAFT CURTAIN. See Section 2302.1.

DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. See Sec-
tion 902.1.

DRY CLEANING. See Section 1202.1.

DRY CLEANING PLANT. See Section 1202.1.

DRY CLEANING ROOM. See Sectionl202.1.

DRY CLEANING SYSTEM. See Section 1202. 1 .

[B] DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete,
independent living facilities for one or more persons, including
permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and
sanitation.

EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE (ESFR)
SPRINKLER. See Section 2302.1.

[B] EGRESS COURT. See Section 1002.1.

ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED. See Section 1502. 1 .

EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.

EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION. See Section 1 802. 1 .

[B] EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING.

See Section 1002.1.

EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILL. See Section 402. 1 .

EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE. A valve designed to
shut off the flow of gases or liquids.

EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, AUTOMATIC. A

fail-safe automatic-closing valve designed to shut off the flow
of gases or liquids initiated by a contiol system that is activated
by automatic means.

EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, MANUAL. A manu-
ally operated valve designed to shut off the flow of gases or liq-
uids.

EMERGENCY VOICE/ALARM COMMUNICATIONS.

See Section 902.1.

[B] ENFORCING AGENCY. Enforcing Agency is the desig-
nated department or agency as specified by statute or regula-
tion.

EXCESS FLOW CONTROL. See Section 2702.1.

EXCESS FLOW VALVE. See Section 3702.1.

EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE. See Section 2702.1.

EXISTING. Buildings, facilities or conditions which are
already in existence, constructed or officially authorized prior
to the adoption of this code.

[B] EXIT. See Section 1002.1.

[B] EXIT ACCESS. See Section 1002.1.

[B] EXIT DISCHARGE. See Section 1002.1.

[B] EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OE See Section 1002.1.

[B] EXIT ENCLOSURE. See Section 1002.1.

[B] EXIT, HORIZONTAL. See Section 1002.1.

[B] EXIT PASSAGEWAY. See Section 1002.1.

EXPANDED PLASTIC. See Section 2302.1.

EXPLOSION. See Section 2702.1.

EXPLOSIVE. See Section 3302.1.

High Explosive. See Section 3302.1.

Low Explosive. See Section 3302.1.

Mass-detonating Explosives. See Section 3302.1.

UN/DOTn Class 1 Explosives. See Section 3302.1.

Division 1.1. See Section 3302.1.

Division 1.2. See Section 3302.1.

Division 1.3. See Section 3302.1.

Division 1.4. See Section 3302.1.

Division 1.5. See Section 3302.1.

Division 1.6. See Section 3302.1.
EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL. See Section 3302.1.

EXTRA-HIGH-RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. See

Section 2302.1.

FABRICATION AREA. See Section 1802.1.

FACILITY. A building or use in a fixed location including
exterior storage areas for flammable and combustible sub-
stances and hazardous materials, piers, wharves, tank farms
and similar uses. This term includes recreational vehicles,
mobile home and manufactured housing parks, sales and stor-
age lots.

FAIL-SAFE. A design condition incorporating a feature for
automatically counteracting the effect of an anticipated possi-
ble source of failure; also, a design condition eUminating or
mitigating a hazardous condition by compensating automati-
cally for a failure or malfunction.

FALLOUT AREA. See Section 3302.1.

FALSE ALARM. The willful and knowing initiation or trans-
mission of a signal, message or other notification of an event of
fire when no such danger exists.

FINES. See Section 1902.1.

FIRE ALARM. The giving, signaling or fransmission to any
public fire station, or company or to any officer or employee
thereof, whether by telephone, spoken word or otherwise, of
information to the effect that there is a fu:e at or near the place
indicated by the person giving, signaling, or transmitting such
information.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. See Section 902.1.

FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT. See Section 902.1.

FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. See Section 902. 1 .

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.

FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD. See Section 502.1.

FIRE APPLIANCE. See Section 902.1.

FIRE AREA. See Section 902.1.

FIRE CHIEF. The chief officer of the fire depaitment serving
the jurisdiction, or a duly authorized representative.

FIRE CODE OFFICIAL. The fire chief or other designated
authority charged with the administration and enforcement of
the code, or a duly authorized representative.

FIRE COMMAND CENTER. See Section 502.1.

FIRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY. See Section 502. 1 .

FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. See Section 902.1.

[B] FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. Any combination of a fire
door, frame, hardware, and other accessories that together pro-
vide a specific degree of fire protection to the opening.

[B] FIRE EXIT HARDWARE. See Section 1002.1.

FIRE LANE. See Section 502.1.

[B] FIRE PARTITION. A vertical assembly of materials
designed to restiict the spread of fire in vvhich openings are pro-
tected.

FIRE POINT. See Section 3402.1.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.

[B] FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED WOOD. Fire-retardant
wood is any wood product impregnated with chemicals by a
pressure process or other means during manufacture, and
which, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84-05 for a
period of 30 minutes, shall have aflame spread of not over 25
and show no evidence of progressive combustion. In addition,
the flame front shall not progress more than 10 '/2feet (3200
mm) beyond the center line of the burner at any time during the
test. Materials that may be exposed to the weather shall pass
the accelerated weathering test and be identified as Exterior
type, in accordance with ASTM D 2898-94 and ASTM D
3201-94. Where material is not directly exposed to rainfall but
exposed to high humidity conditions, it shall be subjected to the
hygroscopic test and identified as Interior Type A in accor-
dance with ASTMD 2898-94 and ASTM D 3201-94.

All materials shall bear identification showing the fire per-
formance rating thereof. Such identifications shall be issued by
an approved agency having a service for inspection of materi-
als at the factory.

Fire-retardant-treated wood shall not be construed as
"noncombustible. "

FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. See Section 902. 1 .

FIRE WATCH. A temporary measure intended to ensure con-
tinuous and systematic surveillance of a building or portion
thereof by one or more qualified individuals for the purposes of
identifying and controlling fire hazards, detecting early signs

of unwanted fire, raising an alarm of fire and notifying the fire
department.

FIREWORKS. See Section 3302.1.

Fireworks, 1.4G. See Section 3302.1.

Fireworks, 1.3G. See Section 3302.1.

FIREWORKS DISPLAY. See Section 3302.1.

[B] FIXED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS. See Califor-
nia Building Code, Section 443.

FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID. See Section 3202. 1 .

FLAMMABLE FINISHES. See Section 1502.1.

FLAMMABLE GAS. See Section 3502.1.

FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS. See Section 3502.1.

FLAMMABLE LIQUID. See Section 3402.1.

Class lA. See Section 3402.1.

Class IB. See Section 3402.1.

Class IC. See Section 3402.1.

FLAMMABLE MATERIAL. A material capable of being
readily ignited fi'om common sources of heat or at a tempera-
ture of 600°F (316°C) or less.

FLAMMABLE SOLID. See Section 3602.1.

FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA. See Section 1502.1.

FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES. See Section 2702. 1 .

FLASH POINT. See Section 3402.1.

FLEET VEHICLE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING
FACILITY, See Section 2202.1.

[B] FLOOR AREA, GROSS. See Section 1002.1.

[B] FLOOR AREA, NET. See Section 1002.1.

FLUIDIZED BED. See Section 1502.1.

FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.

[B] FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. See Sec-
tion 1002.1.

FUEL LIMIT SWITCH. See Section 3402.1.

[B][SFM] FULL-TIME CARE. The establishment and rou-
tine care of persons on an hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly
or permanent basis, whether for 24 hours per day or less, and
where sleeping accommodations are provided.

FUMIGANT. See Section 1702.1.

FUMIGATION. See Section 1702. 1 .

FURNACE CLASS A. See Section 2102.1.

FURNACE CLASS B. See Section 2102.1.

FURNACE CLASS C. See Section 2102.1.

FURNACE CLASS D. See Section 2102.1.

GAS CABINET. See Section 2702.1.

GAS ROOM. See Section 2702.1.

[B] GRANDSTAND. See Section 1002.1.

[B] GUARD. See Section 1002.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See Sec-
tion 902.1.

HANDLING. See Section 2702.1.

[B] HANDRAIL. See Section 1002.1.

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL. See Section 2702.1.

HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM). See

Section 1802.1.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. A substance which, by reason
of being explosive, flammable, toxic, poisonous, corrosive, oxi-
dizing, irritant or otherwise harmful, is likely to cause injury.

HEALTH HAZARD. See Section 2702.1.

HELIPORT. See Section 1102.1.

HELISTOP. See Section 1102.1.

HI-BOY. See Section 302.1.

HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. See Section
2302.1.

HIGH-PILED STORAGE AREA. See Section 2302.1.

[B] HIGH-RISE BUILDING. As used in this code:

1. "Existing high-rise structure" means a high-rise struc-
ture, the construction of which is commenced or com-
pleted prior to July 1, 1974.

2. "High-rise structure" means every building of any type
of construction or occupancy having floors used for hu-
man occupancy located more than 75 feet above the low-
est floor level having building access (see California
Building Code, Section 403.1.2), except buildings used
as hospitals as defined in Health and Safety Code Sec-
tion 1250.

3. "New high-rise structure" means a high-rise structure,
the construction of which is commenced on or after July
1, 1974.

HIGHLY TOXIC. See Section 3702.1.

HIGHLY VOLATILE LIQUID. A liquefied compressed gas
with a boiling point of less than 68°F (20°C).

HIGHWAY. See Section 3302.1.

HOGGED MATERIALS. See Section 1902.1.

[B] HOLDING FACILITY. A detention or correctionalfacility
or area where inmates, staff and public are not housed but are
restrained.

[M] HOOD. See Section 602.1.

Type L See Section 602.1.

HOT WORK. See Section 2602.1.

HOT WORK AREA. See Section 2602.1.

HOT WORK EQUIPMENT. See Section 2602.1.

HOT WORK PERMITS. See Section 2602.1.

HOT WORK PROGRAM. See Section 2602.1.

[B] HOUSING UNIT. An area intended to lodge inmates on a
24-hour basis where accommodations are provided for sleep-
ing.

HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID. See Section 1802.1.

HPM ROOM. See Section 1802.1.

IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH
(IDLH). See Section 2702.1.

IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR. See Section 902.1.

INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. See Section 2702.1.

[B] INFANT. For the purpose of these regulations, shall mean
any child who because of age only, is unable to walk and
requires the aid of another person to evacuate the building. In
no case shall the term "infant" mean a child beyond two years
of age.

INHABITED BUILDING. See Section 3302.1.

INITIATING DEVICE. See Section 902.1.

IRRITANT. A chemical which is not corrosive, but which
causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by
chemical action at the site of contact. A chemical is a skin irri-
tant if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the
methods of CPSC 16CFRPart 1500.41 for an exposure of four
or more hours or by other appropriate techniques, it results in
an empirical score of 5 or more. A chemical is classified as an
eye irritant if so determined under the procedure listed in CPSC
16CFR Part 1500.42 or other approved techniques.

KEY BOX. See Section 502.1.

LABELED. Equipment or material to which has been attached
a label, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recog-
nized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other organiza-
tion concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic
inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials,
and by whose labehng is indicated compUance with nationally
recognized standards or tests to determine suitable usage in a
specified manner.

LIMITED SPRAYING SPACE. See Section 1502.1.

LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG). See Section 2202. 1 .

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP-gas). See Section
3802.1.

LIQUID. See Section 2702.1.

LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. See Section 3402.1.

LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. See Section 3402.1.

LISTED. Equipment or materials included on a list published
by an approved testing laboratory, inspection agency or other
organization concerned with current product evaluation that
maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equip-
ment or materials, and whose listing states that equipment or
materials comply with approved nationally recognized stan-
dards and have been tested or evaluated and found suitable for
use in a specified manner.

[B] LODGING HOUSE. Any building or portion thereof con-
taining not more than five guestrooms where rent is paid in
money, goods, labor or otherwise.

LONGITUDINAL FLUE SPACE. See Section 2302.1.

LOW-PRESSURE TANK. See Section 3202.1.

LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL). See Section 2702. 1 .

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). See Section
2702.1.

MAGAZINE. See Section 3302.1.

Indoor. See Section 3302.1.

Type 1. See Section 3302.1.

Type 2. See Section 3302.1.

Type 3. See Section 3302.1.

Type 4. See Section 3302.1.

Type 5. See Section 3302. 1.
MAGNESIUM. See Section 3602.1.
MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX. See Section 902.1.
MANUAL STOCKING METHODS. See Section 2302.1.

MARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. See

Section 2202.1.

MATEIOAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). See Section
2702.1.

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CON-
TROL AREA. See Section 2702.1.

[B] MEANS OF EGRESS. See Section 1002.1.

MECHANICAL STOCKING METHODS. See Section
2302.1.

MEMBRANE STRUCTURE. See Section 2402.1.

[B] MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS, PROFOUNDLY
OR SEVERELY. Any retarded person who is unable to evacu-
ate a building unassisted during emergency conditions.

Note: The determination as to such incapacity shall be
made by the Director of the State Department of Public
Health or his or her designated representative pursuant to
Health and Safety Code Section 1313L3.

[B] MERCHANDISE PAD. See Section 1002.

MOBILE FUELING. See Section 3402.1.

MODERNIZATION PROJECT. Any construction effort that
has an estimated total cost in excess of $200,000.00 that is
intended to modify a permanent school building or structure
and or the addition of a new school building or structure used
to serve or house students from kindergarten through twelfth
grade (K-12). Modernization efforts shall apply strictly to a
public school that was established prior to July 1, 2002, and is
funded pursuant to the Education Code, Section 17074.56 and
Education Code commencing with Section 17070.10. Modern-
ization projects that are to be completed in more than one
phase, may defer the installation of the automatic fire detection
and alarm systems until the final phase of the modernization
project. Solely for the purposes of Education Code Section
17074.20, routine maintenance and repair work shall not be
considered a modernization project.

MORTAR. See Section 3302.1.

MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. See Section
902.1.

MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM.

902.1.

■NESTING. See Section 3002.1.

See Section

NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT (net weight). See Section
3302.1.

NEW PUBLIC SCHOOL CAMPUS. An educational institu-
tion established on or after July 1, 2002, that houses and or
serves students from kindergarten through twelfth grade
(K-12} and is funded pursuant to the Education Code, com-
mencing with Section 17070.10.

NONACCESSIBLE AREA. An enclosed area that creates a
cavity by the application of any construction feature and/or
building materials. This area shall be recognized by the enforc-
ing agency as a separation between the nonaccessible space
and any adjacent, occupied space of the building.

IB] NONAMBULATORY PERSONS. Persons unable to
leave a building unassisted under emergency conditions. It
includes, but is not limited to, persons who depend on mechani-
cal aids such as crutches, walkers and wheelchairs and any
person who is unable to physically and mentally respond to a
sensory signal approved by the State Fire Marshal or an oral
instruction relating to fire danger

The determination ofambulatoiy or nonambulatory status of
persons with developmental disabilities shall be made by the
Director of Social Services or his or her designated representa-
tive, in consultation with the director of Developmental Ser-
vices or his or her designated representative. The
determination of ambulatory or nonambulatory status of all
other disabled persons placed after January 1, 1984, who are
not developmentally disabled shall be made by the Director of
Social Services or his or her designated representative.

[B] NONCOMBUSTIBLE. Noncombustible as applied to
building construction material means a material which, in the
form in which it is used, is either one of the following:

1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when sub-
jected to fire. Any material passing ASTM 136 shall be
considered noncombustible.

2. Material having a structural base of noncombustible
material as defined in Item 1 above, with a surfacing ma-
terial not over '/g inch (3.2 mm) thick which has aflame
spread index of 50 or less.

"Noncombustible" does not apply to surface finish materi-
als. Material required to be noncombustible for reduced clear-
ances to flues, heating appliances or other sources of high
temperature shall refer to material conforming to Item 1. No
material shall be classed as noncombustible which is subject to
increase in combustibility or flame spread index, beyond the
limits herein established, through the effects of age, moisture or
other atmospheric condition.

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP).
See Section 2702.1.

[B] NOSING. See Section 1002.1.

NUISANCE ALARM. See Section 902.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. For the purposes of this
code, certain occupancies are defined as follows:

[B] Assembly Group A. Assembly Group A occupancy
includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or
a portion thereof, for the gathering together of persons for
purposes such as civic, social or religious functions; recre-
ation, food or drink consumption; or awaiting transporta-
tion; or motion picture and television production studio
sound stages, approved production facilities and produc-
tion locations.

Exceptions:

1 . A building used for assembly purposes with an oc-
cupant load of less than 50 persons shall be classi-
fied as a Group B occupancy.

2. A room or space used for assembly purposes with
an occupant load of less than 50 persons and acces-
sory to another occupancy shall be classified as a
Group B occupancy or classified as part of that oc-
cupancy.

3 . A room or space used for assembly purposes that is
less than 750 square feet (70 m^) in area and is ac-
cessory to another occupancy shall be classified as
a Group B occupancy or classified as part of that
occupancy.

Assembly occupancies shall include the following:

A-1 Assembly uses, usually with fixed seating, intended
for the production and viewing of performing arts or
motion pictures including but not hmited to:

Motion picture and television production studio
sound stages, approved production facilities and
production locations (with live audiences)

Motion picture theaters

Symphony and concert halls

Televison and radio studios admitting an audience

Theaters

A-2 Assembly uses intended for food and/or drink con-
sumption including, but not limited to:

Banquet halls
Night clubs
Restaurants
Taverns and bars

A-3 Assembly uses intended for worship, recreation or
amusement and other assembly uses not classified else-
where in Group A, including, but not Hmited to: Amuse-
ment arcades

Art galleries
Bowling alleys
Community halls
Courtrooms

Dance halls (not including food or drink consump-
tion)

Exhibition halls
Funeral parlors

Gymnasiums (without spectator seating)
Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating)
Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating)

Lecture halls

Libraries

Museums

Places of religious worship

Pool and billiard parlors

Waiting areas in transportation terminals

A-4 Assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor sport-
ing events and activities with spectator seating including,
but not limited to:

Arenas
Skating rinks
Swimming pools
Tennis courts

A-5 Assembly uses intended for participation in or view-
ing outdoor activities including, but not limited to:

Amusement park structures

Bleachers

Grandstands

Stadiums

[B] Business Group B. Business Group B occupancy
includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or
a portion thereof, for office, professional or service-type
transactions, including storage of records and accounts.
Business occupancies shall include, but not be limited to,
the following:

Airport traffic control towers

Animal hospitals, kennels and pounds

Banks

Barber and beauty shops

Car wash

Civic administration

Clinic-outpatient (Not classified as Group 1-2.1)

Dry cleaning and laundries; pick-up and delivery sta-
tions and self-service

Educational occupancies for students above the 12th
grade

Electronic data processing

Laboratories; testing and research

Motor vehicle showrooms

Post offices

Print shops

Professional services (architects, attorneys, dentists,
physicians, engineers, etc.)

Radio and television stations

Telephone exchanges

Training and skill development not within a school or
academic program

[B] Group C (CAMPS, ORGANIZED). An organized
camp is a site with programs and facilities established for
the primary purpose of providing an outdoor group living
experience with social, spiritual, educational or recre-
ational objectives, for five days or more during one or more
seasons of the year.

[B] Educational Group E. Educational Group E occu-
pancy includes, among others, the use of a building or struc-
ture, or a portion thereof, by more than six persons at any
one time for educational purposes thi-ough the 12th grade.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

Religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums,
which are accessory to places of religious worship in accor-
dance with Section 508.3.1 of the California Building Code
and have occupant loads of less than 100, shall be classified
as Group A-3 occupancies.

Exception: A residence used as a home school for the
children who normally reside at the residence. Such resi-
dences shall remain classified as Group R-2, or Group
R-3 occupancies.

Day care. The use of a building or structure, or portion
thereof, for educational, supervision or personal care
services for more than six children older than 2 '4 years of
age shall be classified as an E occupancy.

Exception: A day-care facility not otherwise classi-
fied as an R-3 occupancy, where occupants are not
capable of responding to an emergency situation
without physical assistance from the staff shall be
classified as Group 1-4.

[B] Factory Industrial Group F. Factory Industrial Group
F occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or
structure, or a portion thereof, for assembling, disassem-
bUng, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging,
repair or processing operations that are not classified as a
Group H high-hazard or Group S storage occupancy.

Factory Industrial F-1 Moderate-hazard Occupancy.

Factory Industrial uses which are not classified as Fac-
tory Industrial Group F-2 shall be classified as F-1 Mod-
erate Hazard and shall include, but not be limited to, the
following:

Aircraft

Appliances

Athletic equipment

Automobiles and other motor vehicles

Bakeries

Beverages; over 12 percent in alcohol content

Bicycles

Boats

Brooms or brushes

Business machines

Cameras and photo equipment

Canvas and similar fabric

Carpet and rugs (includes cleaning)

Disinfectants

Dry cleaning and dyeing

Electric generation plants

Electronics

Engines (including rebuilding)

Food processing

Furniture

Hemp products

Jute products

Laundries

Leather products

Machinery

Metals

Millwork (sash and doors)

Motion picture and television production studio
sound stages, approved production facilities and
production locations (without live audiences)

Musical instruments

Optical goods

Paper mills or products

Photographic film

Plastic products

Printing or publishing

Recreational vehicles

Refuse incineration

Shoes

Soaps and detergents

Textiles

Tobacco

Trailers

Upholstering

Wood; distillation

Woodworking (cabinet)

[B] Factory Industrial F-2 Low-hazard Occupancy.

Factory industrial uses involving the fabrication or man-
ufacturing of noncombustible materials which, during
finishing, packaging or processing do not involve a sig-
nificant fire hazard, shall be classified as Group F-2
occupancies and shall include, but not be limited to, the
following:

Beverages; up to and including 12 percent alcohol

content
Brick and masonry
Ceramic products
Foundries
Glass products
Gypsum
Ice
Metal products (fabrication and assembly)

High-hazard Group H. High-hazard Group H occupancy
includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or
a portion thereof, that involves the manufacturing, process-
ing, generation or storage of materials that constitute a
physical or health hazard in quantities in excess of quanti-
ties allowed in control areas constructed and located as
required in Section 2703.8.3. Hazai'dous uses are classified
in Groups H- 1 , H-2, H-3 , H-4 and H-5 and shall be in accor-
dance with this code and the requirements of Section415 of
the California Building Code.

Exceptions: The following shall not be classified in
Group H, but shall be classified in the occupancy that
they most nearly resemble:

1. Buildings and structui-es that contain not more
than the maximum allowable quantities per con-
trol area of hazardous materials as shown in Ta-
bles 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2), provided tiiat
such buildings are maintained in accordance with
this code.

2. Buildings utilizing control areas in accordance
with Section 2703.8.3 that contain not more than
the maximum allowable quantities per control

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

area of hazardous materials as shown in Tables
2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2).

3. Buildings and structures occupied for the appli-
cation of flammable finishes, provided that such
buildings or ai'eas conform to the requirements of
Section 416 of the California Building Code and
Chapter 15 of this code.

4. Wholesale and retail sales and storage of flam-
mable and combustible liquids in mercantile oc-
cupancies conforming to Chapter 34.

5. Closed piping systems containing flammable or
combustible liquids or gases utiUzed for the oper-
ation of machinery or equipment.

6. Cleaning establishments that utilize combustible
liquid solvents having a flash point of 140°F
(60°C) or higher in closed systems employing
equipment listed by an approved testing agency,
provided that this occupancy is separated from
all other areas of the building by 1 -hour fire barri-
ers constructed in accordance with Section 706
of the California Building Code or 1-hour hori-
zontal assemblies constructed in accordance
with Section 711 of the California Building
Code, or both.

7. Cleaning establishments that utilize a liquid sol-
vent having a flash point at or above 200°F
(93°C).

8. Liquor stores and distributors without bulk stor-
age.

9. Refrigeration systems.

1 0. The storage or utilization of materials for agricul-
tural purposes on the premises.

11. Stationary batteries utilized for facility emer-
gency power, uninterrupted power supply or tele-
communication facilities, provided that the
batteries are provided with safety venting caps
and ventilation is provided in accordance with
the California Mechanical Code.

12. Corrosives shall not include personal or house-
hold products in their original packaging used in
retail display or commonly used building materi-
als.

13. Buildings and stractures occupied for aerosol
storage shall be classified as Group S- 1 , provided
that such buildings conform to the requirements
of Chapter 28.

14. Display and storage of nonflammable soUd and
nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazard-
ous materials in quantities not exceeding the
maximum allowable quantity per control area in
Group M or S occupancies complying with Sec-
tion 2703.8.3.5.

15. The storage of black powder, smokeless propel-
lant and small arms primers in Groups M and R-3
and special industrial explosive devices in
Groups B, F, M and S, provided such storage con-

forms to the quantity limits and requirements of
this code.

High-hazard Group H-1. Buildings and structures con-
taining materials that pose a detonation hazard, shall be
classified as Group H-1 . Such materials shall include, but
not be limited to, the following:

Explosives:
Division 1.1
Division 1.2
Division 1.3

Exception: Materials that are used and main-
tained in a form where either confinement or
configuration will not elevate the hazard from a
mass fure to mass explosion hazard shall be
allowed in Group H-2 occupancies.

Division 1.4

Exception: Articles, including articles pack-
aged for shipment, that are not regulated as an
explosive under Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco
and Firearms regulations, or unpackaged arti-
cles used in process operations that do not prop-
agate a detonation or deflagration between
articles shall be allowed in Group H-3 occupan-
cies.

Division 1.5
Division 1.6

Organic peroxides, unclassified detonable

Oxidizers, Class 4

Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 3 detonable, and

Class 4
Detonable pyrophoric materials

High-hazard Group H-2. Buildings and structures con-
taining materials that pose a deflagration hazard or a haz-
ard from accelerated burning, shall be classified as
Group H-2. Such materials shall include, but not be lim-
ited to, the following:

Class I, or II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids
which are used or stored in normally open contain-
ers or systems, or in closed containers or systems
pressurized at more than 15 pounds per square inch
(103.4 kPa) gauge

Combustible dusts

Cryogenic fluids, flammable

Flammable gases

Organic peroxides, Class I

Oxidizers, Class 3, that are used or stored in normally
open containers or systems, or in closed containers
or systems pressurized at more than 15 pounds per
square inch (103.4 kPa) gauge

Pyrophoric liquids, solids and gases, nondetonable

Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 3, nondetonable

Water-reactive materials. Class 3

High-hazard Group H-3. Buildings and structures con-
taining materials that readily support combustion or that
pose a physical hazai'd shall be classified as Group H-3.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the
following:

Class I, II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids
that ai'e used or stored in normally closed con-
tainers or systems pressurized at 15 pounds per
square inch gauge (103.4 kPa) or less

Combustible fibers, other than densely packed baled
cotton

Consumer fireworks, 1.4G (Class C, Common)

Cryogenic fluids, oxidizing

Flammable sohds

Organic peroxides, Class II and III

Oxidizers, Class 2

Oxidizers, Class 3, that are used or stored in normally
closed containers or systems pressurized at 15
pounds per square inch gauge (103 kPa) or less.

Oxidizing gases

Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 2

Water-reactive materials, Class 2

High-hazard Group H-4. Buildings and structures
which contain materials that are health hazai'ds shall be
classified as Group H-4. Such materials shall include, but
not be limited to, the following:

Corrosives

Highly toxic materials

Toxic materials

High-hazard Group H-5. Semiconductor fabrication
facilities and comparable research and development
areas in which hazardous production materials (HPM)
are used and the aggregate quantity of materials is in
excess of those listed in Tables 2703.1.1(1) and
2703 . 1 . 1 (2) shall be classified as Group H-5 . Such facili-
ties and areas shall be designed and constructed in accor-
dance with Section 415.8 of the California Building
Code.

[B] Institutional Group I. Institutional Group I occupancy
includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or
a portion thereof, in which people, cared for or living in a
supervised environment ' and having physical hmitations
because of health or age, are hai'bored for medical treatment
or other care or treatment, or in which people ai'e detained
for penal or con-ectional purposes or in which the liberty of
the occupants is restricted. Institutional occupancies shall
be classified as Group I-l, 1-2, 1-3 or l-A. Restraint shall not
be permitted in any building except in Group 1-3 occupan-
cies constructed for such use. See California Building Code,
Section 308.4. See special provisions for 1-2.1 occupancies
in California Building Code, Section 407.

Group I occupancies shall not include buildings used
only for private residential purposes for a family group.

Where occupancies house both ambulatory and
nonambulatory persons, the more restrictive requirements
shall apply. ■

Group I-l. This occupancy shall include buildings,
structures or parts thereof housing clients, on a 24-hour
basis, who because of age, mental disability or other rea-

sons, live in a supervised residential enviromnent that
provides personal care services.

This occupancy may contain more than six
nonambulatory and/or bedridden clients. (See Califor-
nia Building Code, Section 425, Special Provisions For
Licensed 24-Hour Care Facilities in a Group I-l, R-3.1,
or R-4 Occupancy). This group shall include, but not be
limited to, the following:

Assisted living facilities such as: Residential Care
Facilities, Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly
(RCFE's), Adult Residential Facilities, Congregate Liv-
ing Health facilities. Group homes. Residential Care
Facilities for the Chronically III, and Congregate Living
Health Facilities for the Terminally III.

Social rehabilitation facilities such as: Halfway
houses, Community Correctional Centers, Community
Correction Reentry Centers, Community Treatment Pro-
grams, Work Furlough Programs, and Alcoholism or
di^ug abuse recoveiy or treatment facilities.

[B] Group 1-2. This occupancy shall include buildings
and structures used for medical, surgical, psychiatric,
nursing or custodial care on a 24-hour basis of more than
six persons who are classified as nonambulatory or bed-
ridden. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the
following:

Hospitals

Nursing homes (both intermediate care facilities and

skilled nursing facilities)
Mental hospitals
Detoxification facilities

A child care facility that provides care on a 24-hour
basis to more than six children 2V2 years of age or less
shall be classified as Group 1-2.

[SFM] Group 1-2.1 Ambulatory Care Facility. A

healthcare facility that receives persons for outpatient
medical care that may render the patient incapable of
unassisted self-preservation and where each tenant
space accommodates more than five such patients.

Group 1-3. This occupancy shall include buildings or
portions of buildings and structures which are inhabited
by one or more persons who are under restiaint. An 1-3
facility is occupied by persons who ai-e restrained. This
group shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Con-ectional centers

Detention centers

Jails

Juvenile Halls

Prisons

Reformatories

Buildings of Group 1-3 shall be classified as one of the
occupancy conditions indicated below:

Condition 1. This occupancy condition shall include
buildings in which free movement is allowed fi-om
sleeping ai'eas, and other spaces where access or
occupancy is permitted, to the exterior via means of

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

egress without restraint. A Condition 1 facility is per-
mitted to be constructed as Group R.

Condition 2. This occupancy condition shall include
buildings in which free movement is allowed from
sleeping areas and any other occupied smoke com-
partment to one or more other smoke compartments.
Egress to the exterior is impeded by locked exits.

Condition 3. This occupancy condition shall include
buildings in which free movement is allowed within
individual smoke compartments, such as within a res-
idential unit comprised of individual sleeping units
and group activity spaces, where egress is impeded by
remote-controlled release of means of egress from
such smoke compartment to another smoke compart-
ment.

Condition 4. This occupancy condition shall include
buildings in which free movement is restricted from
an occupied space. Remote-controlled release is pro-
vided to permit movement from sleeping units, activ-
ity spaces and other occupied areas within the smoke
compartment to other smoke compartments.

Condition 5, This occupancy condition shall include
buildings in which free movement is restricted from
an occupied space. Staff-controlled manual release is
provided to permit movement from sleeping units,
activity spaces and other occupied areas within the
smoke compartment to other smoke compartments.

Group 1-4, day care facUities. This group shall include
buildings and structures occupied by persons of any age
who receive custodial care for less than 24 hours by indi-
viduals other than parents or guardians, relatives by
blood marriage, or adoption, and in a place other than the
home of the person cared for. A faciUty such as the above
with six or fewer persons shall be classified as Group
R-3. Places of worship during religious functions are not
included.

Adult care facility. A facility that provides accom-
modations for less than 24 hours for more than six
unrelated adults and provides supervision and per-
sonal care services shall be classified as Group 1-4.

Cliild care facility. A facility that provides supervi-
sion and personal care on less than a 24-hour basis for
more than six children 2 Vjyears of age or less shall be
classified as Group 1-4.

Exception: A child day care facility which pro-
vides care for more than six but no more than 100
children 2V2 years or less of age, when the rooms
where such children are cared for are located on
the level of exit discharge and each of these child
care rooms has an exit door directly to the exterior,
shall be classified as Group E.

[B] Group L Laboratories. For applications listed in Sec-
tion 111 regulated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal,
Group L occupancies shall include buildings and structures
or portions thereof, used as laboratories for scientific
experimentation or research having quantities of materials

not in excess of those listed in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1.(2)
of the California Building Code except as modified in this
section and not classified as Group B occupancy. This occu-
pancy shall be designed and constructed in accordance with
the requirements for a Group B occupancy except as speci-
fied in this section.

[B] Mercantile Group M. Mercantile Group M occupancy
includes, among others, buildings and structures or a por-
tion thereof, for the display and sale of merchandise, and
involves stocks of goods, wares or merchandise incidental
to such purposes and accessible to the public. Mercantile
occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the follow-
ing.

Department stores

Drug stores

Markets

Motor fuel-dispensing facilities

Retail or wholesale stores

Sales rooms

[B] Residential Group R. Residential Group R includes,
among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion
thereof, for sleeping purposes when not classified as an
Institutional Group I. Residential occupancies shall include
the following:

R-1 Residential occupancies containing sleeping units
where the occupants are primarily transient in nature,
including:

Boarding houses (transient)
Hotels (transient)
Motels (transient)

R-2 Residential occupancies containing.sleeping units or
m ore than two dwelling units where the occupants are
primarily permanent in nature, including:

Apartment houses

Boarding houses (not transient)

Convents

Dormitories

Fraternities and sororities

Hotels (nontransient)

Monasteries

Motels (nontransient)

Vacation timeshare properties

Congregate living faciUties with 16 or fewer occu-
pants are permitted to comply with the construction
requirements for Group R-3.

R-3 Residential occupancies where the occupants are
primarily permanent in nature and not classified as R-1,
R-2, R-3.1, R-4 or I, including:

Buildings that do not contain more than two dwelling
units.

Adult care facilities that provide acconomodations for
clients of any age for less than 24 hours. Licensing
categories that may use this classification include,
but are not limited to: Adult Day-care Facilities,
Adult Day-support Center.

Child care facilities that provide accommodations for

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

clients of any age for less than 24 hours. Licensing
categories that may use this classification include,
but are not limited to: Family Day-care Homes,
Day-care Center for Mildly III Children, Infant
Care Center and School Age Child Day-care
Center.
Congregate living facilities with 1 6 or fewer persons.

R-3.1 This occupancy group may include facilities
licensed by a governmental agency for a residentially
based 24-hour care facility providing accommoda-
tions for six or fewer clients of any age. Clients may be
classified as ambulatory, nonambulatory or bedrid-
den. A Group R-3. 1 occupancy shall meet the require-
ments for construction as defined for Group R-3,
except as otherwise provided for in Section 425 Spe-
cial Provisions For Licensed 24-Hour Care Facilities
in a Group I-l, R-3.1 orR-4 Occupancy. This group
may include:

• Adult Residential Facilities
Congregate Living Health Facilities
Foster Family Homes
Group Homes
Intermediate Care Facilities for the

Developmentally Disabled Habilitative
Intermediate Care Facilities for the

Developmentally Disabled Nursing
Nurseries for thefidl-time care of children under

the age of six, but not including "infants" as

defined in Section 310
Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly
Small Family Homes and Residential Care

Facilities for the Chronically III.

Exception: Group Homes licensed by the
Department of Social Services which provide
nonmedical board, room and care for six or
fewer ambulatory children or children two
years of age or younger, and which do not have
any nonambulatory clients shall not be subject
to regulations found in Section 425.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143
with respect to these exempted facilities, no city,
county, or public district shall adopt or enforce any
requirement for the prevention of fire or for the pro-
tection of life and property against fire and panic
unless the requirement would be applicable to a struc-
ture regardless of the special occupancy. Nothing
shall restrict the application of state or local housing
standards to such facilities if the standards are appli-
cable to residential occupancies and are not based on
the use of the structure as a facility for ambulatory
children. For the purpose of this exception, "ambula-
tory children" does not include relatives of the
licensee or the licensee 's spouse.

R-4 Residential occupancies shall include buildings
arranged for occupancy as residential care/assisted liv-
ing facilities including more than six ambulatory clients,
excluding staff.

Group R-4 occupancies shall meet the requirements
for construction as defined in the California Building
Code for Group R-3, except as otherwise provided for in
this code.

This occupancy classification may include a maxi-
mum six nonambulatory or bedridden clients (see Cali-
fornia Building Code, Section 425 Special Provisions
For Licensed 24-Hour Care Facilities in a Group I-l,
R-3.1, or R-4 Occupancy). Group R-4 occupancies shall
include the following:

Social rehabilitation facilities such as: Halfway
Houses, Community Correctional Centers, Community
Correction Reentry Centers, Community Treatment Pro-
grams, Work Furlough Programs, and Alcoholism or
drug abuse recovery or treatment facilities.

[B] Storage Group S. Storage Group S occupancy
includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or
a portion thereof, for storage that is riot classified as a haz-
ardous occupancy.

Moderate-hazard storage, Group S-1. Buildings
occupied for storage uses that are not classified as Group
S-2, including, but not limited to, storage of the follow-
ing:

Aerosols, Levels 2 and 3

Aircraft repair hangar

Bags; cloth, burlap and paper

Bamboos and rattan

Baskets

Belting; canvas and leather

Books and paper in rolls or packs

Boots and shoes

Buttons, including cloth covered, peaii or bone

Cai-dboard and cardboard boxes

Clothing, woolen wearing apparel

Cordage

Dry boat storage (indoor)

Furniture

Furs

Glues, mucilage, pastes and size

Grains

Horns and combs, other than celluloid

Leather

Linoleum

Lumber

Motor vehicle repair garages (complying with the
California Building Code and containing less than
the maximum allowable quantities of hazardous
materials)

Photo engravings

ResiUent flooring

Silks

Soaps

Sugar

Tires, bulk storage of

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

Tobacco, cigars, cigarettes and snuff
Upholstery and mattresses
Wax candles

Low-hazard storage, Group S-2. Includes, among oth-
ers, buildings used for the storage of noncombustible
materials such as products on wood pallets or in paper
cartons with or without single thickness divisions; or in
paper wrappings. Such products may have a negligible
amount of plastic trim such as knobs, handles, or film
wrapping. Storage uses shall include, but not be Hmited
to, storage of the following:

Aircraft hangar

Asbestos

Beverages up to and including 12-percent alcohol in

metal, glass or ceramic containers
Cement in bags
Chalk and crayons

Dairy products in nonwaxed coated paper containers
Dry cell batteries
Electrical coils
Electrical motors
Empty cans
Food products

Foods in noncombustible containers
Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or

containers
Frozen foods
Glass
Glass botties, empty or filled with noncombustible

liquids
Gypsum board
Inert pigments
Ivory

Metal desks with plastic tops and trim
Metal parts
Metals
Mirrors

Oil-filled and other types of distribution transformers
Parking garages (open or enclosed)
Porcelain and pottery
Stoves

Talc and soapstones
Washers and dryers

[B] Miscellaneous Group U. Buildings and structures of an
accessory character and miscellaneous structures not classi-
fied in any specific occupancy shall be constructed,
equipped and maintained to conform to the requirements of
this code commensurate with the fire and life hazard inci-
dental to their occupancy. Group U shall include, but not be
limited to, the following:

Agricultural buildings

Aircraft hangar, accessory to a one- or two-family
residence (see Section 412.3 of the California Build-
ing Code )

Bams

Carports

Fences more than 6 feet (1829 mm) high

Grain silos, accessory to a residential occupancy

Greenhouses

Livestock shelters

Private garages

Retaining walls

Sheds

Stables

Tanks

Towers

[B] OCCUPANT LOAD. See Section 1002.1.

OPEN BURNING. See Section 302.1.

OPEN SYSTEM. The use of a soUd or hquid hazardous mate-
rial involving a vessel or system that is continuously open to the
atmosphere during normal operations and where vapors are
liberated, or the product is exposed to the atmosphere during
normal operations. Examples of open systems for sohds and
liquids include dispensing from or into open beakers or con-
tainers, dip tank and plating tank operations.

OPERATING BUILDING. See Section 3302.1.

OPERATING LINE. See Section 3302.1.

OPERATING PRESSURE. The pressure at which a system
operates.

ORGANIC COATING. See Section2002. 1 .

ORGANIC PEROXIDE. See Section 3902. 1 .

Class I. See Section 3902.1 .

Class IL See Section 3902.1.

Class in. See Section 3902.1.

Class rV. See Section 3902.1.

Class V. See Section 3902.1.

Unclassified detonable. See Section 3902.1.

OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA. See Section 2702.1.

OVERCROWDING. A condition that exists when either
there are more people in a building, structure or portion thereof
than have been authorized or posted by the fire code official, or
when the fixe code official determines that a threat exists to the
safety of the occupants due to persons sitting and/or standing in
locations that may obstruct or impede the use of aisles, pas-
sages, corridors, stairways, exits or other components of the
means of egress.

OWNER. A corporation, firm, partnership, association, orga-
nization and any other group acting as a unit, or a person who
has legal title to any structure or premises with or without
accompanying actual possession thereof, and shall include the
duly authorized agent or attorney, a purchaser, devisee, fidu-
ciary and any person having a vested or contingent interest in
the premises in question.

OXIDIZER. See Section 4002.1.

Class 4. See Section 4002.1.
Class 3. See Section 4002.1.
Class 2. See Section 4002.1.
Class 1. See Section 4002.1.

OXIDIZING GAS. See Section 4002.1.

OZONE-GAS GENERATOR. See Section 3702.1.

[B] PANIC HARDWARE. See Section 1002.1.

PASS-THROUGH. See Section 1802.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

PERMANENT PORTABLE BUILDING. A portable build-
ing that is used to serve or house students and is certified as a
permanent building on a new public school campus by the pub-
lic school administration shall comply with the requirements of
new campus buildings.

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL). See Section
2702.1.

PESTICIDE. See Section 2702.1.

[B] PHOTOLUMINESCENT. See Section 1002.

PHYSICAL HAZARD. See Section 2702.1.

PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD. See Sec-
tion 3702.1.

PLOSOPHORIC MATERIAL. See Section 3302.1.

PLYWOOD and VENEER MILLS. See Section 1902.1.

PORTABLE BUILDING. Portable Building is a classroom
building or structure of modular design and construction that
houses and/or serves students from kindergarten through
twelfth grade (K-12) and is funded pursuant to the Education
Code, commencing with section 17070.10 and meets all of the
following criteria:

• The portable building or structure is designed and con-
structed to be relocatable and transportable over public
streets.

• The portable building or structure is designed and con-
structed for relocation without detaching the roof or the
floor from the building or structure.

• The portable building or structure is sited upon a tempo-
rary foundation in a manner that is designed to permit easy
removal.

• The portable building or structure has a floor area of 2, 000
square feet or less when measured from the extent of the
exterior walls.

' The portable building shall be removedwithin three years
of installation or the school administration may request a
three-year extension pursuant to Education Code Section
17074.54 (a) and (b).

POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK. See Section 302.1.

PRESSURE VESSEL. See Section 2702.1.

PRIMARY CONTAINMENT. The first level of contain-
ment, consisting of the inside portion of that container which
comes into immediate contact on its inner surface with the
material being contained.

PROCESS TRANSFER. See Section 3402.1.

PROPELLANT. See Section 2802.1.

PROTECTIVE SOCIAL CARE. Protective Social Care is the
housing and care of any person of any age when such person is
referred to or placed within such home or facility for care and
supervision services by any governmental agency.

PROXIMATE AUDIENCE. See Section 3302.1.

PUBLIC TRAFFIC ROUTE (PTR). See Section 3302.1.

[B] PUBLIC WAY. See Section 1002. 1 .

PYROPHORIC. See Section 4102.1.

PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION. See Section 3302.1.

PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECT. See Section 3302. 1 .

QUANTITY-DISTANCE (Q-D). See Section 3302.1.

Minimum Separation Distance (Do)- See Section 3302. 1 .
Intraline Distance (ILD) or Intraplant Distance (IPD).

See Section 3302.1.
Inhabited Building Distance (IBD). See Section 3302.1.
Intermagazine Distance (IMD). See Section 3302.1.

RAILWAY. See Section 3302.1.

[B] RAMP. See Section 1002.1.

RAW PRODUCT. See Section 1902.1.

READY BOX. See Section 3302.1.

RECORD DRAWINGS. See Section 902.1.

RECREATIONAL FIRE. See Section 302.1.

REDUCED FLOW VALVE. See Section 3702.1.

REFINERY. See Section 3402.1.

REFRIGERANT. See Section 602.1.

REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. See Section 602.1.

[B] REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An archi-
tect or engineer, registered or licensed to practice professional
ai-chitecture or engineering, as defined by the statutory require-
ments of the professional registration laws of the state in which
the project is to be constructed.

[B] RELIGIOUS WORSHIP, PLACE OR A building or
portion thereof intended for the performance of religious ser-
vices.

REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE. See Sec-
tion 3402.1.

REMOTELY LOCATED, MANUALLY ACTIVATED
SHUTDOWN CONTROL. A control system that is designed
to initiate shutdown of the flow of gases or liquids that is manu-
ally activated from a point located some distance from the
delivery system.

REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR. See Section 3402.1.

REPAIR GARAGE. See Section 2202.1.

[B] RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE CHRONI-
CALLY ILL (RCF/CI). As termed, means a housing arrange-
ment with a maximum capacity of 25 residents that provides a
range of services to residents who have chronic, life-threaten-
ing illnesses.

[B] RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE
ELDERLY (RCFE). As defined in Health and Safety Code
Section 1569.2, shall mean a facility with a housing arrange-
ment chosen voluntarily by persons 60 years of age or over, or
their authorized representative, where varying levels and
intensities of care and supervision, protective supervision or
personal care are provided, based on their varying needs, as
determined in order to be admitted and to remain in the facility.
Persons under 60 years of age with compatible needs, as deter-
mined by the Department of Social Services in regulations, may

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

be allowed to be admitted or retained in a residential care facil-
ity for the elderly.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13133, regula-
tions of the State Fire Marshal pertaining to occupancies clas-
sified as Residential Facilities (RF) and Residential Care
Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall apply uniformly
throughout the state and no city, county, city and county,
including a charter city or charter county, or fire protection
district shall adopt or enforce any ordinance or local rule or
regulation relating to fire and panic safety which is inconsistent
with these regulations. A city, county, city and county, including
a charter city or charter county may pursuant to Health and
Safety Code Section 13143.5, or afire protection district may
pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13869.7, adopt
standards more stringent than those adopted by the State Fire
Marshal that are reasonably necessary to accommodate local
climate, geological, or topographical conditions relating to
roof coverings for Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly.

[B] RESIDENTIAL FACILITY (RF). As defined in Section
1502 of the Health and Safety Code, shall mean any family
home, group care facility, or similar facility determined by the
director of Social Services, for 24-hour nonmedical care of
persons in need of personal services, supervision, or assis-
tance essential for sustaining the activities of daily living or for
the protection of the individual. Such facilities include small
family homes and social rehabilitation facilities.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13133, regula-
tions of the State Fire Marshal pertaining to Group R, Division
2 occupancies classified as Residential Facilities (RF) and
Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall apply
uniformly throughout the state and no city, county, city and
county, including a charter city or charter county, or fire pro-
tection district shall adopt or enforce any ordinance or local
rule or regulation relating to fire and panic safety which is
inconsistent with these regulations. A city, county, city and
county, including a charter city or charter county may pursuant
to Health and Safety Code Section 13143.5, or afire protection
district may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13869. 7, adopt standards more stringent than those adopted by
the State Fire Marshal that are reasonably necessary to accom-
modate local climate, geological, or topographical conditions
relating to roof coverings for Residential Care Facilities for the
Elderly.

RESIN APPLICATION AREA. See Section 1502.1.

RESPONSIBLE PERSON. See Section 2602.1.

[B] RESTRAINT. Restraint shall mean the physical retention
of a person within a room, cell or cell block by any means, or
within the exterior walls of a building by means of locked doors
inoperable by the person restrained. Restraint shall also mean
the physical binding, strapping or similar restriction of any
person in a chair, walker, bed or other contrivance for the pur-
pose of deliberately restricting the free movement of ambula-
tory persons.

Restraint shall not be construed to include nonambulatory
persons nor shall it include the use of bandage material, strip
sheeting or other fabrics or materials (soft ties) used to restrain
persons in hospital-type beds or wheelchairs to prevent injury,
provided an approved method of quick release is maintained.

Facilities employing the use of soft ties, however, shall be clas-
sified as a building used to house nonambulatory persons.

Restraint shall not be practiced in licensed facilities classi-
fied as Group 1-1, R-3 andR-4 occupancies unless constructed
as a Group 1-3 occupancy. For Group 1-3 occupancies, see Cal-
ifornia Building Code Section 308.2.

RETAIL DISPLAY AREA. See Section 2802.1.

ROLL COATING. See Section 1502.1.

RUBBISH (TRASH). Combustible and noncombustible
waste materials, including residue from the burning of coal,
wood, coke or other combustible material, paper, rags, cartons,
tin cans, metals, mineral matter, glass crockery, dust and dis-
carded refrigerators, and heating, cooking or incinerator-type
appliances.

SAFETY CAN. See Section 2702.1.

[B] SCISSOR STAIR. See Section 1002.1.

SECONDARY CONTAINMENT. See Section 2702.1.

SEGREGATED. See Section 2702.1.

[B] SELF-LUMINOUS. See Section 1002.

SELF-SERVICE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACIL-
ITY. See Section 2202.1.

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY. See

Section 1802.1.

SERVICE CORRIDOR. See Section 1802.1.
SHELF STORAGE. See Section 2302.1.
SEVGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. See Section 902. 1 .
[B] SLEEPESfG UNIT. See Section 902.1.
SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. See Section 3302.1.
SMALL ARMS PRIMERS. See Section 3302.1.
SMOKE ALARM. See Section 902.1.
SMOKE DETECTOR. See Section 902.1.

[B] SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING. See

Section 1002.1.

SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS. See Section 3302.1.

SOLID. See Section 2702.1.

SOLID SHELVING. See Section 2302.1.

SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT. See Section 3402.1.

SOLVENT OR LIQUID CLASSIFICATIONS. See Section
1202.1.

Class I solvents. See Section 1202.1.
Class n solvents. See Section 1202.1.
Class niA solvents. See Section 1202.1.
Class IIDB solvents. See Section 1202.1.
Class IV solvents. See Section 1202.1.

SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING. A building that is
temporary, permanent or mobile that contains a device or sys-
tem that conveys passengers or provides a walkway along,
around or over a course in any direction as a form of amuse-
ment arranged so that the egress path is not readily apparent

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DEFINITIONS

due to visual or audio distractions or an intentionally con-
founded egress path, or is not readily available because of the
mode of conveyance through the building or structure.

SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE. See Sec-
tion 3302.1.

SPRAY BOOTH. See Section 1502.1.

SPRAY ROOM. See Section 1502.1.

SPRAYING SPACE. See Section 1502.1.

[B] STAIR. See Section 1002.1.

[B] STAIRWAY. See.Section 1002.1.

[B] STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR. See Section 1002.1.

[B] STAIRWAY, INTERIOR. See Section 1002.1.

[B] STAIRWAY, SPIRAL, See Section 1002.1.

STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OE See Section 902. 1 .

Class I system. See Section 902.1.
Class n system. See Section 902.1.
Class ni system. See Section 902.1.

STANDPIPE, TYPES OE See Section 902. 1 .

Automatic dry. See Section 902.1.
Automatic wet. See Section 902.1.
Manual dry. See Section 902.1.
Manual wet. See Section 902. 1 .
Semiautomatic dry. See Section 902. 1 .

[B] STATE-OWNED/LEASED BUILDING. A building or
portion of a building that is owned, leased or rented by the
state. State-leased buildings shall include all required exits to a
public way serving such leased area or space. Portions of state-
leased buildings that are not leased or rented by the state shall
not be included within the scope of this section unless such por-
tions present an exposure hazard to the state-leased area or
space.

STATIC PILES. See Sectionl 902.1.

STEEL. Hot- or cold-rolled as defined by the California
Building Code.

STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. See Section
2702.1.

SUPERVISING STATION. See Section 902.1.

SUPERVISORY SERVICE. See Section 902.1.

SUPERVISORY SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.

SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE. See

Section 902.1.

SYSTEM. See Section 2702.1.

TANK. A vessel containing more than 60 gallons (227 L).

TANK, ATMOSPHERIC. See Section 2702.1.

TANK, PORTABLE. See Section 2702.1.

TANK, PRIMARY. See Section 3402.1.

TANK, PROTECTED ABOVE GROUND. See Section
3402.1.

TANK, STATIONARY. See Section 2702.1.

TANK VEHICLE. See Section 2702.1.

TENT. See Section 2402.1.

[B] TERMINALLY ILL. As termed for an individual, means
the individual has a life expectancy of six months or less as
stated in writing by his or her attending physician and surgeon.

THEFT RESISTANT. See Section 3302.1.

THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING. See Section
1702.1.

TIMBER and LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES.

See Section 1902.1.

TIRES, BULK STORAGE OE See Section 902.1.

TOOL. See Section 1802.1.

TORCH- APPLIED ROOF SYSTEM. See Section 2602.1.

TOXIC. See Section 3702.1.

TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE. See Section 2302.1.

TRASH. See "Rubbish."

TROUBLE SIGNAL. See Section 902.1.

UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE. See Section 2702.1.

UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIAL. See Section
4302.1.

Class 4. See Section 4302.1.
Class 3. See Section 4302.1.
Class 2. See Section 4302. 1 .
Class 1. See Section 4302. 1 .

UNWANTED FIRE. A fire not used for cooking, heating or
recreational purposes or one not incidental to the normal opera-
tions of the property.

USE (MATERIAL). See Section 2702.1.

VAPORPRESSURE. See Section 2702.1.

VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. See

Section 902.1.

WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL. See Section 4402.1.

Class 3. See Section 4402.1.
Class 2. See Section 4402.1.
Class 1. See Section 4402.1.

WET-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. See Sec-
tion 902.1.

[B] WINDER. See Section 1002. 1 .

[BJ WINERY CAVES. A subterranean space for winery facili-
ties in natural or manmade caves shall be in accordance with
the California Building Code, Section 436. Winery caves have
a floor level used for human occupancy more than 30 feet
(9144 mm) below the lowest level of exit discharge.

WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM. See Section 902. 1 .

WORKSTATION. See Section 1802.1.

ZONE. See Section 902.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

30 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 3 - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE

Adopting Agency

BBC

SFM

HOD

DSA

' OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections iisted beiow)

Adopt oniy those sections that are
iisted below

Chapter /Section

Codes

308.3.9

31 2 with 312.1,
312.2 & 312.3

iFC

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

32 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 3

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE

SECTION 301
GENERAL

301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
occupancy and maintenance of all structures and premises for
precautions against fire and the spread of fire.

301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Appen-
dix Chapter 1, Section 105.6 for the activities or uses regulated
by Sections 306, 307, 308.3, 308.4, 308.5 and 315.

SECTION 302
DEFINITIONS

302.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

BONFIRE. An outdoor fire utilized for ceremonial purposes.

HI-BOY. A cart used to transport hot roofing materials on a
roof

OPEN BURNING. The burning of materials wherein prod-
ucts of combustion are emitted directly into the ambient air
without passing through a stack or chimney from an enclosed
chamber. Open burning does not include road flares,
smudgepots and similar devices associated with safety or occu-
pational uses typically considered open flames or recreational
fires. For the purpose of this definition, a chamber shall be
regarded as enclosed when, during the time combustion occurs,
only apertures, ducts, stacks, flues or chimneys necessary to
provide combustion air and permit the escape of exhaust gas
are open.

POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK. A forklift, tractor,
platform lift track or motorized hand truck powered by an elec-
trical motor or internal combustion engine. Powered industrial
trucks do not include farm vehicles or automotive vehicles for
highway use.

RECREATIONAL FIRE. An outdoor fu:e burning materials
other than rubbish where the fuel being burned is not contained
in an incinerator, outdoor fireplace, barbeque grill or bai^beque
pit and has a total fuel area of 3 feet (914 mm) or less in diame-
ter and 2 feet (610 mm) or less in height for pleasure, religious,
ceremonial, cooking, warmth or similar purposes.

SECTION 303
ASPHALT KETTLES

303.1 Transporting. Asphalt (tai-) kettles shall not be trans-
ported over any highway, road or street when the heat source
for the kettle is operating.

Exception: Asphalt (taiO kettles in the process of patching
road surfaces.

303.2 Location. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall not be located
within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any combustible material, com-

bustible building surface or any building opening and within a
controlled area identified by the use of traffic cones, barriers or
other approved means. Asphalt (tar) kettles and pots shall not
be utilized inside or on the roof of a building or structure. Roof-
ing kettles and operating asphalt (tar) kettles shall not block
means of egress, gates, roadways or entrances.

303.3 Location of fuel containers. Fuel containers shall be
located at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from the burner.

Exception: Containers properly insulated from heat or
flame are allowed to be within 2 feet (610 mm) of the burner.

303.4 Attendant. An operating kettle shall be attended by a
minimum of one employee knowledgeable of the operations
and hazards. The employee shall be within 100 feet (30 480
mm) of the kettle and have the kettle within sight. Ladders or
similar obstacles shall not form a part of the route between the
attendant and the kettle.

303.5 Fire extinguishers. There shall be a portable fire extin-
guisher complying with Section 906 and with a minimum
40-B:C rating within 25 feet (7620 mm) of each asphalt (tar)
kettle during the period such kettle is being utilized. Addition-
ally, there shall be one portable fure extinguisher with a mini-
mum 3-A:40-B :C rating on the roof being covered.

303.6 Lids. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall be equipped with
tight-fitting hds.

303.7 Hi-boys. Hi-boys shall be constructed of
noncombustible materials. Hi- boys shall be limited to a capac-
ity of 55 gallons (208 L). Fuel sources or heating elements shall
not be allowed as part of a hi-boy.

303.8 Roofing kettles. Roofing kettles shall be constructed of
noncombustible materials.

303.9 Fuel containers under air pressure. Fuel containers
that operate under air pressure shall not exceed 20 gallons (76
L) in capacity and shall be approved.

SECTION 304
COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIAL

304.1 Waste accumulation prohibited. Combustible waste
material creating a fire hazai-d shall not be allowed to accumu-
late in buildings or structures or upon premises.

304.1.1 Waste material. Accumulations of wastepaper,
wood, hay, straw, weeds, litter or combustible or flammable
waste or rubbish of any type shall not be permitted to remain
on a roof or in any court, yard, vacant lot, alley, parking lot,
open Space, or beneath a grandstand, bleacher, pier, wharf,

- manufactured home, recreational vehicle or other similar
structure.

304.1.2 Vegetation. Weeds, grass, vines or other growth
that is capable of being ignited and endangering property,
shall be cut down and removed by the owner or occupant of

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE

the premises. Vegetation clearance requirements in
urban- wildland interface areas shall be in accordance with
the International Wildland-Urban Interface Code.

304.1.3 Space underneath seats. Spaces underneath
grandstand and bleacher seats shall be kept free from com-
bustible and flammable materials. Except where enclosed in
not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction in
accordance with the California Building Code, spaces
underneath grandstand and bleacher seats shall not be occu-
pied or utilized for purposes other than means of egress.

304.2 Storage. Storage of combustible rubbish shall not pro-
duce conditions that will create a nuisance or a hazard to the
public health, safety or welfare.

304.3 Containers. Combustible rubbish, and waste material
kept within a structure shall be stored in accordance with Sec-
tions 304.3.1 through 304.3.3.

304.3.1 Spontaneous ignition. Materials susceptible to
spontaneous ignition, such as oily rags, shall be stored in a
listed disposal container. Contents of such containers shall
be removed and disposed of daily.

304.3.2 Capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet. Containers
with a capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet (40 gallons) (0.15
m^) shall be provided with lids. Containers and lids shall be
constructed of noncombustible materials or approved com-
bustible materials.

304.3.3 Capacity exceeding 1.5 cubic yards. Dumpsters
and containers with an individual capacity of 1.5 cubic
yards [40.5 cubic feet (1.15 m^)] or more shall not be stored
in buildings or placed within 5 feet (1524 mm) of combusti-
ble walls, openings or combustible roof eave lines.

Exceptions:

1. Dumpsters or containers in areas protected by an
approved automatic sprinkler system installed
throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1,
903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3.

2. Storage in a structure shall not be prohibited where
the structure is of Type I or IIA construction, lo-
cated not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from other
buildings and used exclusively for dumpster or
container storage.

SECTION 305
IGNITION SOURCES

305.1 Clearance from ignition sources. Clearance between
ignition sources, such as luminaires, heaters, flame-producing
devices and combustible materials, shall be maintained in an
approved manner.

305.2 Hot ashes and spontaneous ignition sources. Hot

ashes, cinders, smoldering coals or greasy or oily materials
subject to spontaneous ignition shall not be deposited in a com-
bustible receptacle, within 10 feet (3048 mm) of other combus-
tible material including combustible walls and partitions or
within 2 feet (610 mm) of openings to buildings.

Exception: The minimum required separation distance to
other combustible materials shall be 2 feet (610 mm) where

the material is deposited in a covered, noncombustible
receptacle placed on a noncombustible floor, ground sur-
face or stand.

305.3 Open-flame warning devices. Open-flame warning
devices shall not be used along an excavation, road, or any
place where the dislodgment of such device might permit the
device to roll, fall or slide on to any area or land containing
combustible material.

305.4 Deliberate or negligent burning. It shall be unlawful to
deliberately or through neghgence set fire to or cause the burn-
ing of combustible material in such a manner as to endanger the
safety of persons or property.

SECTION 306

MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ROOMS

AND FILM

306.1 Motion picture projection rooms. Electric arc, xenon
or other light source projection equipment which develops haz-
ardous gases, dust or radiation and the projection of rib-
bon-type cellulose nitrate film, regardless of the light source
used in projection, shall be operated within a motion picture
projection room complying with Section 409 of the California
Building Code.

306.2 Cellulose nitrate film storage. Storage of cellulose
nitrate film shall be in accordance with NFPA 40.

SECTION 307
OPEN BURNING AND RECREATIONAL FIRES

307.1 General. A person shall not kindle or maintain or autho-
rize to be kindled or maintained any open burning unless con-
ducted and approved in accordance with this section.

307.1.1 Prohibited open burning. Open burning that is
offensive or objectionable because of smoke or odor emis-
sions or when atmospheric conditions or local circum-
stances make such fires hazardous shall be prohibited.

307.2 Permit required. A permit shall be obtained from the
fire code official in accordance with Appendix Chapter 1 , Sec-
tion 1 05 .6 prior to kindling a fure for recognized silvicultural or
range or wildlife management practices, prevention or control
of disease or pests, or a bonfire. Application for such approval
shall only be presented by and permits issued to the owner of
the land upon which the fire is to be kindled.

307.2.1 Authorization. Where required by state or local
law or regulations, open burning shall only be permitted
with prior approval from the state or local air and water
quality management authority, provided that all conditions
specified in the authorization are followed.

307.3 Extinguishment authority. The fire code official is
authorized to order the extinguishment by the permit holder,
another person responsible or the fire department of open burn-
ing that creates or adds to a hazardous or objectionable situa-
tion.

307.4 Location. The location for open burning shall not be less
than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from any structure, and provisions

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE

shall be made to prevent the fire from spreading to within 50
feet (15 240 inm) of any structure.

Exceptions:

1. Fires in approved containers that are not less than 15
feet (4572 mm) from a sti-ucture.

2. The minimum requked distance from a structure shall
be 25 feet (7620 mm) where the pile size is 3 feet (914
mm) or less in diameter and 2 feet (610 mm) or less in
height.

307.4.1 Bonfires. A bonfire shall not be conducted within
50 feet (15 240 mm) of a structure or combustible material
unless the fire is contained in a bai-becue pit. Conditions
which could cause a fire to spread within 50 feet (15 240
mm) of a structure shall be eliminated prior to ignition.

307.4.2 Recreational fires. Recreational fires shall not be
conducted within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a sti'ucture or com-
bustible material. Conditions which could cause a fire to
spread within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure shall be elim-
inated prior to ignition.

307.5 Attendance. Open burning, bonfires or recreational fires
shall be constantly attended until the fire is extinguished. A
minimum of one portable fire extinguisher complying with
Section 906 with a minimum 4-A rating or other approved
on-site fire-extinguishing equipment, such as dirt, sand, water
baiTel, garden hose or water truck, shall be available for imme-
diate utilization.

SECTION 308
OPEN FLAMES

308.1 General. This section shall control open flames, fire and
burning on all premises.

308.2 Where prohibited. A person shall not take or utilize an
open flame or light in a sti-ucture, vessel, boat or other place
where highly flammable, combustible or explosive material is
utilized or stored. Lighting appliances shall be well-secured in
a glass globe and wke mesh cage or a similai- approved device.

308.2.1 Throwing or placing sources of ignition. No per-
son shall ttoow or place, or cause to be thrown or placed, a
lighted match, cigar, cigai^ette, matches, or other flaming or
glowing substance or object on any surface or article where
it can cause an unwanted fire.

308.3 Open fiame. A person shall not utilize or allow to be uti-
lized, an open flame in coimection with a public meeting or
gathering for purposes of deliberation, worship, entertainment,
amusement, instruction, education, recreation, awaiting trans-
portation or similar purpose in Group A or E occupancies with-
out fii'st obtaining a permit in accordance with Appendix
Chapter 1, Section 105.6.

308.3.1 Open-flame cooking devices. Charcoal burners
and other open-flame cooking devices shall not be operated
on combustible balconies or within 10 feet (3048 mm) of
combustible consti"uction.

Exceptions:

1. One- and two-family dwellings.

2. Where buildings, balconies and decks are pro-
tected by an automatic sprinkler system.

308.3.1.1 Liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled cooking
devices. LP-gas burners having an LP-gas container with
a water capacity greater than 2.5 pounds [nominal 1
pound (0.454 kg) LP-gas capacity] shall not be located
on combustible balconies or within 10 feet (3048 mm) of
combustible construction.

Exception: One- and two-family dwellings.

308.3.2 Open-flame decorative devices. Open-flame dec-
orative devices shall comply with all of the following
restrictions:

1. Class I and Class II liquids and LP-gas shaU not be
used.

2. Liquid- or solid-fueled lighting devices containing
more than 8 ounces (237 ml) of fuel must self-extin-
guish and not leak fuel at a rate of more than 0.25
teaspoon per minute (1.26 ml per minute) if tipped
over.

3 . The device or holder shall be constructed to prevent
the spillage of liquid fuel or wax at the rate of more
than 0.25 teaspoon per minute (1.26 ml per minute)
when the device or holder is not in an upright posi-
tion.

4. The device or holder shall be designed so that it will
return to the upright position after being tilted to an
angle of 45 degrees from vertical.

Exception: Devices that self-extinguish if
tipped over and do not spill fuel or wax at the
rate of more than 0.25 teaspoon per minute
(1.26 ml per minute) if tipped over.

5. The flame shall be enclosed except where openings
on the side are not more than 0.375 inch (9.5 mm) di-
ameter or where openings are on the top and the dis-
tance to the top is such that a piece of tissue paper
placed on the top will not ignite in 10 seconds.

6. Chimneys shall be made of noncombustible materi-
als and securely attached to the open-flame device.

Exception: A chimney is not required to be
attached to any open-flame device that will
self-extinguish if the device is tipped over.

7. Fuel canisters shall be safely sealed for storage.

8 . Storage and handUng of combustible liquids shall be
in accordance with Chapter 34.

9. Shades, where used, shall be made of
noncombustible materials and securely attached to
the open-flame device holder or chimney.

10. Candelabras with flame-lighted candles shall be se-
curely fastened in place to prevent overturning, and
shall be located away from occupants using the area
and away from possible contact with drapes, cur-
tains or other combustibles.

308.3.3 Location near combustibles. Open flames such as
from candles, lanterns, kerosene heaters, and gas-fired heat-

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE

ers shall not be located on or near decorative material or
similar combustible materials.

308.3.4 Aisles and exits. Candles shall be prohibited in
areas where occupants stand, or in an aisle or exit.

308.3.5 Religious ceremonies. When, in the opinion of the
fire code official, adequate safeguards have been taken, par-
ticipants in religious ceremonies are allowed to carry
hand-held candles. Hand-held candles shall not be passed
from one person to another while lighted.

308.3.6 Theatrical performances. Where approved,
open-flame devices used in conjunction with theatrical per-
formances are allowed to be used when adequate safety pre-
cautions have been taken in accordance with NFPA 160.

308.3.7 Group A occupancies. Open-flame devices shall
not be used in a Group A occupancy.

Exceptions:

1. Open-flame devices are allowed to be used in the
following situations, provided approved precau-
tions are taken to prevent ignition of a combustible
material or injury to occupants:

1.1. Where necessary for ceremonial or reli-
gious purposes in accordance with Section
308.3.5.

1.2. On stages and platforms as a necessary part
of a performance in accordance with Sec-
tion 308.3.6.

1.3. Where candles on tables are securely sup-
ported on substantial noncombustible
bases and the candle flames are protected.

2. Heat-producing equipment complying with Chap-
ter 6 and the California Mechanical Code.

3. Gas lights are allowed to be used provided ade-
quate precautions satisfactory to the fire code offi-
cial are taken to prevent ignition of combustible
materials.

308.3.8 Group R-2 dormitories. Candles, incense and
similar open-flame-producing items shall not be allowed in
sleeping units in Group R-2 dormitory occupancies.

308.3.9 Group I, Group R-3.1, Group R-4 occupancies or
any licensed care facility. A person shall not utilize or allow
to be utilized, an open flame in Group I, Group R-3.1, Group
R-4 occupancies or any licensed care facilities.

308.4 Torches for removing paint. Persons utilizing a torch or
other flame-producing device for removing paint from a struc-
ture shall provide a minimum of one portable fire extinguisher
complying with Section 906 and with a minimum 4-A rating,
two portable fire extinguishers, each with a minimum 2-A rat-
ing, or a water hose connected to the water supply on the pre-
mises where such burning is done. The person doing the
burning shall remain on the premises 1 hour after the torch or
flame-producing device is utilized.

308.4.1 Permit. A permit in accordance with Appendix
Chapter 1, Section 105.6 shall be secured from the fire code
official prior to the utilization of a torch or flame-producing
device to remove paint from a stmcture.

308.5 Open-flame devices. Torches and other devices,
machines or processes liable to start or cause fire shall not be
operated or used in or upon hazardous fire areas, except by a
permit in accordance with Appendix Chapter 1, Section 105.6
secured from the fire code official.

Exception: Use within inhabited premises or designated
campsites which are a minimum of 30 feet (9144 mm) from
grass-, grain-, brush- or forest-covered areas.

308.5.1 Signals and markers. Flame-employing devices,
such as lanterns or kerosene road flares, shall not be oper-
ated or used as a signal or marker in or upon hazardous fire
areas.

Exception: The proper use of fusees at the scenes of
emergencies or as required by standard railroad operat-
ing procedures.

308.5.2 Portable fueled open-flame devices. Portable
open-flame devices fueled by flammable or combustible
gases or liquids shall be enclosed or installed in such a man-
ner as to prevent the flame from contacting combustible
material.

Exceptions:

1. LP-gas-fueled devices used for sweating pipe
joints or removing paint in accordance with Chap-
ter 38.

2. Cutting and welding operations in accordance
with Chapter 26.

3. Torches or flame-producing devices in accordance
with Section 308.4.

4. Candles and open-flame decorative devices in ac-
cordance with Section 308.3.

308.6 Flaming food and beverage preparation. The prepara-
tion of flaming foods or beverages in places of assembly and
drinking or dining estabUshments shall be in accordance with
Sections 308.6.1 through 308.6.5.

308.6.1 Dispensing. Flammable or combustible liquids
used in the preparation of flaming foods or beverages shall
be dispensed from one of the following:

1. A 1-ounce (29.6 ml) container; or

2. A container not exceeding 1 -quart (946.5 ml) capac-
ity with a controlled pouring device that will limit the
flow to a 1-ounce (29.6 ml) serving.

308.6.2 Containers not in use. Containers shall be secured
to prevent spillage when not in use.

308.6.3 Serving of flaming food. The serving of flaming
foods or beverages shall be done in a safe manner and shall
not create high flames. The pouring, ladling or spooning of
liquids is restricted to a maximum height of 8 inches (203
mm) above the receiving receptacle.

308.6.4 Location. Flaming foods or beverages shall be pre-
pared only in the immediate vicinity of the table being ser-
viced. They shall not be transported or carried while
burning.

308.6.5 Fire protection. The person preparing the flaming
foods or beverages shall have a wet cloth towel immediately

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE

available for use in smothering the flames in the event of an
emergency.

SECTION 309
POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS AND EQUIPMENT

309.1 General. Powered industrial trucks and similar equip-
ment including, but not limited to, floor scrubbers and floor
buffers, shall be operated and maintained in accordance with
this section.

309.2 Battery chargers. Battery chargers shall be of an
approved type. Combustible storage shall be kept a minimum
of 3 feet (915 mm) from battery chargers. Battery charging
shall not be conducted in areas accessible to the public.

309.3 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in an approved
manner in battery-charging areas to prevent a dangerous accu-
mulation of flammable gases. ■

309.4 Fire extinguishers. Battery-charging areas shall be pro-
vided with a fure extinguisher complying with Section 906 hav-
ing a minimum 4-A:20-B :C rating within 20 feet (6096 mm) of
the battery charger.

309.5 Refueling. Powered industrial trucks using liquid fuel,
LP-gas or hydrogen shall be refueled outside of buildings or in
areas specifically approved for that purpose. Fixed fuel-dis-
pensing equipment and associated fueling operations shall be
in accordance with Chapter 22. Other fuel-dispensing equip-
ment and operations, including cylinder exchange for
LP-gas-fueled vehicles, shall be in accordance with Chapter 34
for flammable and combustible liquids or Chapter 38 for
LP-gas.

309.6 Repairs. Repairs to fuel systems, electrical systems and
repairs utilizing open flame or welding shall be done in
approved locations outside of buildings or in areas specifically
approved for that purpose.

SECTION 310
SMOKING

310.1 General. The smoking or carrying of a lighted pipe,
cigar, cigarette or any other type of smoking paraphernalia or
material is prohibited in the areas indicated in this section.

310.2 Prohibited areas. Smoking shall be prohibited where
conditions are such as to make smoking a hazard, and in spaces
where flammable or combustible materials are stored or han-
dled.

310.3 "No Smoking" signs. The fire code official is authorized
to order the posting of "No Smoking" signs in a conspicuous
location in each structure or location in which smoking is pro-
hibited. The content, lettering, size, color and location of
required "No Smoking" signs shall be approved.

310.4 Removal of signs prohibited. A posted "No Smoking"
sign shall not be obscured, removed, defaced, mutilated or
destroyed.

310.5 Compliance with "No Smoking" signs. Smoking shall
not be permitted nor shall a person smoke, throw or deposit any

lighted or smoldering substance in any place where "No Smok-
ing" signs are posted.

310.6 Ash trays. Where smoking is permitted, suitable
noncombustible ash trays or match receivers shall be provided
on each table and at other appropriate locations.

310.7 Burning objects. Lighted matches, cigarettes, cigars or
other burning object shall not be discarded in such a manner
that could cause ignition of other combustible material.

310.8 Hazardous environmental conditions. When the fire
code official determines that hazardous environmental condi-
tions necessitate controlled use of smoking materials, the igni-
tion or use of such materials in mountainous, brush-covered or
forest-covered areas or other designated areas is prohibited
except in approved designated smoking areas.

SECTION 311
VACANT PREMISES

311.1 General. Temporarily unoccupied buildings, structures,
premises or portions thereof, including tenant spaces, shall be
safeguarded and maintained in accordance with this section.

311.1.1 Abandoned premises. Buildings, structures and
premises for which an owner cannot be identified or located
by dispatch of a certificate of mailing to the last known or
registered address, which persistently or repeatedly become
unprotected or unsecured, which have been occupied by
unauthorized persons or for illegal purposes, or which pres-
ent a danger of structural collapse or fire spread to adjacent
properties shall be considered abandoned, declared unsafe
and abated by demolition or rehabilitation in accordance
with the International Property Maintenance Code and the
California Building Code.

311.1.2 Tenant spaces. Storage and lease plans required by
this code shall be revised and updated to reflect temporary
or partial vacancies.

311.2 Safeguarding vacant premises. Temporarily unoccu-
pied buildings, structures, premises or portions thereof shall be
secured and protected in accordance with this section.

311.2.1 Security. Exterior openings and interior openings
accessible to other tenants or unauthorized persons shall be
boarded, locked, blocked or otherwise protected to prevent
entry by unauthorized individuals.

311.2.2 Fire protection. Fire alarm, sprinkler and
standpipe systems shall be maintained in an operable condi-
tion at all times.

Exceptions:

1. When the premises have been cleared of all com-
bustible materials and debris and, in the opinion of
the fii'e code official, the type of construction, fire
separation distance and security of the premises do
not create a frre hazard.

2. Where buildings will not be heated and fire protec-
tion systems will be exposed to freezing tempera-
tures, fire alarm and sprinkler systems are
permitted to be placed out of service and
standpipes are permitted to be maintained as dry

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE

systems (without an automatic water supply) pro-
vided the building has no contents or storage, and
windows, doors and other openings are secured to
prohibit entry by unauthorized persons.

311.2.3 Fire separation. Fire-resistance-rated partitions,
fire barriers, and fire walls separating vacant tenant spaces
from the remainder of the building shall be maintained.
Openings, joints^ and penetrations in fire-resistance-rated
assemblies shall be protected in accordance with Chapter 7.

311.3 Removal of combustibles. Persons owning, or in charge
or control of, a vacant building or portion thereof, shall remove
therefrom all accumulations of combustible materials, flam-
mable or combustible waste or rubbish and shall securely lock
or otherwise secure doors, windows and other openings to pre-
vent entry by unauthorized persons. The premises shall be
maintained clear of waste or hazardous materials.

Exceptions:

1. Buildings or portions of buildings undergoing addi-
tions, alterations, repairs, or change of occupancy in
accordance with the California Building Code, where
waste is controlled and removed as required by Sec-
tion 304.

2. Seasonally occupied buildings.

311.4 Removal of hazardous materials. Persons owning or
having charge or control of a vacant building containing haz-
ardous materials regulated by Chapter 27 shall comply with the
facility closure requirements of Section 2701.6.

311.5 Placards. Any building or structure determined to be
unsafe pursuant to Section 1 10 of this code shall be marked as
required by Sections 311.5.1 through 311.5.5.

311.5.1 Placard location. Placards shall be applied on the
front of the structure and be visible from the street. Addi-
tional placards shall be applied to the side of each entrance
to the structure and on penthouses.

311.5.2 Placard size and color. Placards shall be 24 inches
by 24 inches (610 mm by 610 mm) in size with a red back-
ground, white reflective sbipes and a white reflective bor-
der. The stripes and border shall have a 2-inch (51 mm)
stroke.

311.5.3 Placard date. Placards shall bear- the date of their
application to the building and the date of the most recent
inspection.

311.5.4 Placard symbols. The design of the placards shall
use the following symbols:

I I This symbol shall mean that the structure had nor-
mal structural conditions at the time of marking.

This symbol shall mean that structural or interior

hazards exist and interior fire-fighting or rescue oper-
ations should be conducted with extreme caution.

/\ This symbol shall mean that structural or interior
hazai-ds exist to a degree that consideration should be
given to limit fire fighting to exterior operations only,
with entry only occurring for known life hazards.

311.5.5 Informational use. The use of these symbols shall
be informational only and shall not in any way Hmit the dis-
cretion of the on-scene incident commander.

SECTION 312
VEHICLE IMPACT PROTECTION

312.1 General. Vehicle impact protection required by this
code shall be provided by posts that comply with Section 3 12.2
or by other approved physical barriers that comply with Sec-
tion 312.3.

312.2 Posts. Guard posts shall comply with all of the following
requirements:

1. Constructed of steel not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in
diameter and concrete filled.

2. Spacednotmorethan4feet(1219 mm) between posts on
center.

3. Set not less than 3 feet (914 mm) deep in a concrete foot-
ing of not less than a 15-inch (381 mm) diameter.

4. Set with the top of the posts not less than 3 feet (914 mm)
above ground.

5. Located not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from the protected
object.

312.3 Other barriers. Physical banders shall be a minimum of
36 inches (914 mm) in height and shall resist a force of 12,000
pounds (53 375 N) applied 36 inches (914 mm) above the adja-
cent ground surfate.

SECTION 313
FUELED EQUIPMENT

313.1 General. Fueled equipment, including but not limited to
motorcycles, mopeds, lawn-care equipment and portable cook-
ing equipment, shall not be stored, operated or repaired within
a building.

Exceptions:

1 . Buildings or rooms constructed for such use in accor-
dance with the California Building Code.

2. Where allowed by Section 314.

3. Storage of equipment utilized for maintenance pur-
poses is allowed in approved locations when the ag-
gregate fuel capacity of the stored equipment does not
exceed 10 gallons (38 L) and the building is equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in-
stalled in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

313.1.1 Removal. The frre code official is authorized to
require removal of fueled equipment from locations where
the presence of such equipment is determined by the fire
code official to be hazardous.

313.2 Group R occupancies. Vehicles powered by flammable
liquids. Class II combustible liquids, or compressed flammable
gases shall not be stored within the living space of Group R
buildings.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE

SECTION 314
INDOOR DISPLAYS

314.1 General. Indoor displays constructed within any occu-
pancy shall comply with Sections 314.2 through 314.4.

314.2 Fixtures and displays. Fixtures and displays of goods
for sale to the public shall be arranged so as to maintain free,
immediate and unobstructed access to exits as required by
Chapter 10.

314.3 Highly combustible goods. The display of highly com-
bustible goods, including but not limited to fkeworks, flamma-
ble or combustible liquids, liquefied flammable gases,
oxidizing materials, pyroxylin plastics and agricultural goods,
in main exit access aisles, corridors, covered malls, or within 5
feet (1524 mm) of entrances to exits and exterior exit doors is
prohibited when a fire involving such goods would rapidly pre-
vent or obstruct egress.

314.4 Vehicles. Liquid- or gas-fueled vehicles, boats or other
motorcraft shall not be located indoors except as follows:

1. Batteries are disconnected.

2. Fuel in fuel tanks does not exceed one-quarter tank or 5
gallons (19 L) (whichever is least).

3. Fuel tanks and fill openings ai'e closed and sealed to pre-
vent tampering.

4. Vehicles, boats or other motorcraft equipment are not fu-
eled or defueled within the building.

core not less than 1.75 inches (44.5 mm) in thickness. Stor-
age shall not be placed on exposed joists.

Exceptions:

1. Ai-eas protected by approved automatic sprinkler
systems.

2. Group R-3 and Group U occupancies.

315.3 Outside storage. Outside storage of combustible mate-
rials shall not be located within 1 feet (3048 mm) of a property
line.

Exceptions:

1. The separation distance is allowed to be reduced to 3
feet (914 mm) for storage not exceeding 6 feet (1829
mm) in height.

2. The separation distance is allowed to be reduced
when the fire code official determines that no hazard
to the adjoining property exists.

315.3.1 Storage beneath overhead projections from
buildings. Combustible materials stored or displayed out-
side of buildings that are protected by automatic sprinklers
shall not be stored or displayed under nonsprinklered eaves,
canopies or other projections or overhangs.

315.3.2 Height. Storage in the open shall not exceed 20 feet
(6096 mm) in height.

SECTION 315

MISCELLANEOUS COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS

STORAGE

315.1 General. Storage, use and handling of miscellaneous
combustible materials shall be in accordance with this section.
A permit shall be obtained in accordance with Appendix Chap-
ter 1, Section 105.6.

315.2 Storage in buildings. Storage of combustible materials
in buildings shall be orderly. Storage shall be separated from
heaters or heating devices by distance or shielding so that igni-
tion cannot occur.

315.2.1 Ceiling clearance. Storage shall be maintained 2
feet (610 mm) or more below the ceiling in nonsprinklered
ai-eas of buildings or a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm)
below sprinkler head deflectors in sprinklered ai-eas of
buildings.

315.2.2 Means of egress. Combustible materials shall not
be stored in exits or exit enclosures.

315.2.3 Equipment rooms. Combustible material shall not
be stored in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms or electrical
equipment rooms.

315.2.4 Attic, under-floor and concealed spaces. Attic,
under-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of com-
bustible materials shall be protected on the storage side as
required for 1-hour fire-resistance-rated consti'uction.
Openings shall be protected by assemblies tliat are self-clos-
ing and ai^e of noncombustible construction or solid wood

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

40 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 4 - EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS

(Not Adopted by the State Fire Marshal)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

42 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 4

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS

SECTION 401
GENERAL

401.1 Scope. Reporting of emergencies, coordination with
emergency response forces, emergency plans, and procedures
for managing or responding to emergencies shall comply with
the provisions of this section.

Exception: Firms that have approved on-premises
fure-fighting organizations and that are in compliance with
approved procedures for fke reporting.

401.2 Approval. Where required by this code, fire safety
plans, emergency procedures, and employee ti'aining programs
shall be approved by the fii-e code official.

401.3 Emergency forces notification. In the event an
unwanted fire occurs on a property, the owner or occupant shall
immediately report such condition to the fire department.
Building employees and tenants shall implement the appropri-
ate emergency plans and procedures. No person shall, by ver-
bal or written directive, require any delay in the reporting of a
fire to the fire department.

401.3.1 Making false report. It shall be unlawful for a per-
son to give, signal, or transmit a false alarm.

401.3.2 Alarm activations. Upon activation of a fire alarm
signal, employees or staff shall immediately notify the fire
department.

401.3.3 Emergency evacuation drills. Nothing in this sec-
tion shall prohibit the sounding of a fire alarm signal or the
carrying out of an emergency evacuation drill in accordance
with the provisions of Section 405.

401.4 Interference with fire department operations. It shall
be unlawful to interfere with, attempt to interfere with, con-
spke to interfere with, obstruct or restrict the mobility of or
block the path of travel of a fire depaitment emergency vehicle
in any way, or to interfere with, attempt to interfere with, con-
spke to interfere with, obstruct or hamper any fire depaitment
operation.

401.5 Security device. Any security device, or system that
emits any medium that could obscure a means of egress in any
building, structure or premise shall be prohibited.

SECTION 402
DEFINITIONS

402.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meaning shown herein.

EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRBLL. An exercise per-
formed to train staff and occupants and to evaluate their effi-
ciency and effectiveness in canying out emergency evacuation
procedures.

SECTION 403
PUBLIC ASSEMBLAGES AND EVENTS

403.1 Fire vf atch personnel. When, in the opinion of the fire
code official, it is essential for public safety in a place of assem-
bly or any other place where people congregate, because of the
number of persons, or the nature of the performance, exhibi-
tion, display, contest or activity, the owner, agent or lessee shall
provide one or more fire watch personnel, as required and
approved, to remain on duty during the times such places are
open to the public, or when such activity is being conducted.

403.1.1 Duties. Fire watch personnel shall keep diligent
watch for fires, obstructions to means of egress and other
hazards during the time such place is open to the public or
such activity is being conducted and take prompt measures
for remediation of hazards, extinguishment of fu'es that
occur and assist in the'evacuation of the public firom the
structures.

403.2 Public safety plan. In other than Group A or E occupan-
cies, where the fire code official determines that an indoor or
outdoor gathering of persons has an adverse impact on public
safety through diminished access to buildings, structures, fire
hydrants and fire apparatus access roads or where such gather-
ings adversely affect public safety services of any kind, the fire
code official shall have the authority to order the development
of, or prescribe a plan for, the provision of an approved level of
public safety.

403.2.1 Contents. The pubUc safety plan, where required
by Section 403.2, shall address such items as emergency
vehicle ingress and egress, fire protection, emergency medi-
cal services, public assembly areas and the directing of both
attendees and vehicles (including the parking of vehicles),
vendor and food concession distribution, and the need for
the presence of law enforcement, and fire and emergency
medical services personnel at the event.

SECTION 404
FIRE SAFETY AND EVACUATION PLANS

404.1 General. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall comply
with the requirements of this section.

404.2 Where required. An approved frre safety and evacua-
tion plan shall be prepai'ed and maintained for the following
occupancies and buildings.

1. Group A, other than Group A occupancies used exclu-
sively for purposes of religious worship that have an oc-
cupant load less than 2,000.

2. Group B buildings having an occupant load of 500 or
more persons or more than 100 persons above or below
the lowest level of exit discharge.

3. Group E.

4. Group H.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS

5. Group I.

6. Group R-1.

7. Group R-2 college and university buildings.

8. Group R-4.

9. High-rise buildings.

10. Group M buildings having an occupant load of 500 or
more persons or more than 100 persons above or below
the lowest level of exit discharge.

1 1 . Covered malls exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645 m^)
in aggregate floor area.

12. Underground buildings.

13. Buildings with an atrium and having an occupancy in
Group A, E or M.

404.3 Contents. Fire safety and evacuation plan contents shall
be in accordance with Sections 404.3.1 and 404.3.2.

404.3.1 Fire evacuation plans. Fire evacuation plans shall
include the following:

1 . Emergency egress or escape routes and whether evac-
uation of the building is to be complete or, where ap-
proved, by selected floors or areas only.

2. Procedures for employees who must remain to oper-
ate critical equipment before evacuating.

3. Procedures for accounting for employees and occu-
pants after evacuation has been completed.

4. Identification and assignment of personnel responsi-
ble for rescue or emergency medical aid.

5. The preferred and any alternative means of notifying
occupants of a fire or emergency.

6. The preferred and any alternative means of reporting
fires and other emergencies to the fire department or
designated emergency response organization.

7. Identification and assignment of personnel who can
be contacted for further information or explanation of
duties under the plan.

8. A description of the emergency voice/alarm commu-
nication system alert tone and preprogrammed voice
messages, where provided.

404.3.2 Fire safety plans. Fire safety plans shall include the
following:

1 . The procedure for reporting a fu^e or other emergency.

2. The life safety strategy and procedures for notifying,
relocating, or evacuating occupants.

3. Site plans indicating the following:

3.1. The occupancy assembly point.

3.2. The locations of fire hydrants.

3.3. The normal routes of fire department vehicle ac-
cess.

4. Floor plans identifying the locations of the following:

4.1. Exits.

4.2. Primary evacuation routes.

4.3. Secondaiy evacuation routes.

4.4. Accessible egress routes.

4.5. Areas of refuge.

4.6. Manual fure alarm boxes.

4.7. Portable fire extinguishers.

4.8. Occupant-use hose stations.

4.9. Fire alarm annunciators and controls.

5. A list of major fire hazards associated with the normal
use and occupancy of the premises, including mainte-
nance and housekeeping procedures.

6. Identification and assignment of personnel responsi-
ble for maintenance of systems and equipment in-
stalled to prevent or control fires.

7. Identification and assignment of personnel responsi-
ble for maintenance, housekeeping and controlhng
fuel hazard sources.

404.4 Maintenance. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall be
reviewed or updated annually or as necessitated by changes in
staff assignments, occupancy, or the physical arrangement of
the building.

404.5 Availability. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall be
available in the workplace for reference and review by employ-
ees, and copies shall be furnished to the fire code official for
review upon request.

SECTION 405
EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILLS

405.1 General. Emergency evacuation drills complying with
the provisions of this section shall be conducted at least annu-
ally in the occupancies listed in Section 404.2 or when required
by the fire code official. Drills shall be designed in cooperation
with the local authorities.

405.2 Frequency. Requked emergency evacuation drills shall
be held at the intervals specified in Table 405.2 or more fre-
quently where necessary to familiarize all occupants with the
drill procedure.

405.3 Leadership. Responsibility for the planning and con-
duct of drills shall be assigned to competent persons designated
to exercise leadership.

405.4 Time. Drills shall be held at unexpected times and under
varying conditions to simulate the unusual conditions that
occur in case of fire.

405.5 Record keeping. Records shall be maintained of
required emergency evacuation drills and include the following
information:

1. Identity of the person conducting the drill.

2. Date and time of the drill.

3. Notification method used.

4. Staff members on duty and participating.

5. Number of occupants evacuated.

6. Special conditions simulated.

7. Problems encountered.

8. Weather conditions when occupants were evacuated.

9. Time required to accomplish complete evacuation.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS

TABLE 405.2

FIRE AND EVACUATION DRILL

FREQUENCY AND PARTICIPATION

GROUP OR
OCCUPANCY

FREQUENCY

PARTICIPATION

Group A

Quarterly

Employees

Group B'^

Annually

Employees

Group E

Monthly"

All occupants

Group I

Quarterly on each shift

Employees''

Group R-1

Quarterly on each shift

Employees

Group R-2''

Four annually

All occupants

Group R-4

Quarterly on each shift

Employees''

High-rise
buildings

Annually ,

Employees

a. The frequency shall be allowed to be modified in accordance with Section
408.3.2.

b. Fire and evacuation drills in residential care assisted living facilities shall
include complete evacuation of the premises in accordance with Section
408.10.5. Where occupants receive habilitation or rehabilitation training,
fire prevention and fire safety practices shall be included as part of the ti'ain-
ing program.

c. Group B buildings having an occupant load of 500 or more persons or more
than 100 persons above or below the lowest level of exit discharge.

d. Applicable to Group R-2 college and university buildings in accordance
with Section 408.3.

405.6 Notification. Where required by the fire code official,
prior notification of emergency evacuation drills shall be given
to the fire code official.

405.7 Initiation. Where a fire alarm system is provided, emer-
gency evacuation drills shall be initiated by activating the fire
alarm system.

405.8 Accountability. As building occupants arrive at the
assembly point, efforts shall be made to determine if all occu-
pants have been successfully evacuated or have been accounted
for.

405.9 Recall and reentry. An electrically or mechanically
operated signal used to recall occupants after an evacuation
shall be separate and distinct from the signal used to initiate the
evacuation. The recall signal initiation means shall be manu-
ally operated and under the control of the person in charge of
the premises or the official in charge of the incident. No one
shall reenter the premises until authorized to do so by the
official in charge.

SECTION 406

EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND RESPONSE

PROCEDURES

406.1 General. Employees in the occupancies listed in Section

404.2 shall be trained in the fire emergency procedures
described in their fire evacuation and fii'e safety plans. Training
shall be based on these plans and as described in Section 404. 3.

406.2 Frequency. Employees shall receive training in the con-
tents of fire safety and evacuation plans and their duties as part
of new employee orientation and at least annually thereafter.
Records shall be kept and made available to the fii-e code offi-
cial upon request.

406.3 Employee training program. Employees shall be
trained in fire prevention, evacuation and fire safety in accor-
dance with Sections 406.3.1 through 406.3.3.

406.3.1 Fire prevention training. Employees shall be
apprised of the fire hazards of the materials and processes to
which they are exposed. Each employee shall be instructed
in flie proper procedures for preventing fires in the conduct
of their assigned duties.

406.3.2 Evacuation training. Employees shall be familiar-
ized with the fire alarm and evacuation signals, their
assigned duties in the event of an alaim or emergency, evac-
uation routes, areas of refuge, exterior assembly areas, and
procedures for evacuation.

406.3.3 Fire safety training. Employees assigned
fire-fighting duties shall be ttained to know the locations
and proper use of portable fire extinguishers or other man-
ual fire-fighting equipment and the protective clothing or
equipment required for its safe and proper use.

SECTION 407
HAZARD COMMUNICATION

407.1 General. The provisions of Sections 407.2 through
407.7 shall be applicable where hazardous materials subject to
permits under Section 2701.5 are located on the premises or
where requii-ed by the fire code official.

407.2 Material Safety Data Sheets. Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS) for all hazardous materials shall be readily
available on the premises.

407.3 Identification. Individual containers of hazardous mate-
rials, cartons or packages shall be marked or labeled in accor-
dance with applicable federal regulations. Buildings, rooms
and spaces containing hazardous materials shall be identified
by hazard warning signs in accordance with Section 2703.5.

407.4 Training. Persons responsible for the operation of areas
in which hazardous materials are stored, dispensed, handled or
used shall be famihar with the chemical nature of the materials
and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the event of
a fire, leak or spill. Responsible persons shall be designated and
ti^ained to be liaison personnel for the fii'e department. These
persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergency
responses and identification of the locations where hazardous
materials are located, and shall have access to Material Safety
Data Sheets and be knowledgeable in the site emergency
response procedures.

407.5 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement. Where
required by the fire code official, each application for a permit
shall include a Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement
(HMIS) in accordance witii Section 2701.5.2.

407.6 Hazardous Materials Management Plan. Where
required by the fire code official, each application for a permit
shall include a Hazardous Materials Management Plan
(HMMP) in accordance with Section 2701.5.1. The fire code
official is authorized to accept a similar plan required by other
regulations.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS

407.7 Facility closure plans. The permit holder or applicant
shall submit to the fire code official a facility closure plan in
accordance with Section 2701.6.3 to terminate storage, dis-
pensing, handling or use of hazardous materials.

SECTION 408
USE AND OCCUPANCY-RELATED REQUIREMENTS

408.1 General. In addition to the other requirements of this
chapter, the provisions of this section are applicable to specific
occupancies listed herein.

408.2 Group A occupancies. Group A occupancies shall com-
ply with the requirements of Sections 408.2. 1 and 408.2.2 and
Sections 401 through 406.

408.2.1 Seating plan. The fire safety and evacuation plans
for assembly occupancies shall include the information
required by Section 404.3 and a detailed seating plan, occu-
pant load, and occupant load limit. Deviations from the
approved plans shall be allowed provided the occupant load
limit for the occupancy is not exceeded and the aisles and
exit accessways remain unobstructed.

408.2.2 Announcements. In theaters, motion picture the-
aters, auditoriums and similar assembly occupancies in
Group A used for noncontinuous programs, an audible
announcement shall be made not more than 1 minutes prior
to the start of each program to notify the occupants of the
location of the exits to be used in the event of a fire or other
emergency.

Exception: In motion picture theaters, the announce-
ment is allowed to be projected upon the screen in a man-
ner approved by the fire code official.

408.3 Group E occupancies and Group R-2 college and uni-
versity buildings. Group E occupancies shall comply with the
requirements of Sections 408.3.1 through 408.3.4 and Sections
401 through 406. Group R-2 college and university buildings
shall comply with the requirements of Sections 408.3.1 and
408.3.3 and Sections 401 through 406.

408.3.1 First emergency evacuation drill. The first emer-
gency evacuation drill of each school year shall be con-
ducted within 10 days of the beginning of classes.

408.3.2 Emergency evacuation drill deferral. In severe
climates, the fire code official shall have the authority to
modify the emergency evacuation drill frequency specified
in Section 405.2.

408.3.3 Time of day. Emergency evacuation drills shall be
conducted at different hours of the day or evening, during
the changing of classes, when the school is at assembly, dur-
ing the recess or gymnastic periods, or during other times to
avoid distinction between drills and actual fires. In Group
R-2 college and university buildings, one required drill shall
be held during hours after sunset or before sunrise.

408.3.4 Assembly points. Outdoor assembly areas shall be
designated and shall be located a safe distance from the
building being evacuated so as to avoid interference with
fire department operations. The assembly areas shall be

arranged to keep each class separate to provide accountabil-
ity of all individuals.

408.4 Group H-5 occupancies. Group H-5 occupancies shall
comply with the requirements of Sections 408.4.1 through

408.4.4 and Sections 401 through 407.

408.4.1 Plans and diagrams. In addition to the require-
ments of Section 404 and Section 407.6, plans and diagrams
shall be maintained in approved locations indicating the
approximate plan for each area, the amount and type of
HPM stored, handled and used, locations of shutoff valves
for HPM supply piping, emergency telephone locations and
locations of exits.

408.4.2 Plan updating. The plans and diagrams required by
Section 408.4.1 shall be maintained up to date and the fire
code official and fire department shall be informed of all
major changes.

408.4.3 Emergency response team. Responsible persons
shall be designated the on-site emergency response team
and trained to be liaison personnel for the fire department.
These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning
emergency responses, identifying locations where HPM is
stored, handled and used, and be familiar with the chemical
nature of such material. An adequate number of personnel
for each work shift shall be designated.

408.4.4 Emergency drills. Emergency drills of the on-site
emergency response team shall be conducted on a regular
basis but not less than once every three months. Records of
drills conducted shall be maintained.

408.5 Group I-l occupancies. Group I-l occupancies shall
comply with the requirements of Sections 408.5.1 through

408.5.5 and Sections 401 through 406.

408.5.1 Fire safety and evacuation plan. The fire safety
and evacuation plan required by Section 404 shall include
special staff actions including fire protection procedures
necessary for residents and shall be amended or revised
upon admission of any resident with unusual needs.

408.5.2 Staff training. Employees shall be periodically
insttucted and kept informed of their duties and responsibil-
ities under the plan. Such instruction shall be reviewed by
the staff at least every two months. A copy of the plan shall
be readily available at all times within the facility.

408.5.3 Resident training. Residents capable of assisting
in their own evacuation shall be trained in the proper actions
to take in the event of a fire. The ti-aining shall include
actions to take if the primary escape route is blocked. Where
the resident is given rehabilitation or habilitation training,
training in fire prevention and actions to take in the event of
a fire shall be a part of the rehabilitation training program.
Residents shall be trained to assist each other in case of fire
to the extent their physical and mental abilities permit them
to do so without additional personal risk.

408.5.4 Drill frequency. Emergency evacuation drills shall
be conducted at least six times per year, two times per year
on each shift. Twelve drills shall be conducted in the first
year of operation. Drills are not required to comply with the
time requirements of Section 405.4.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS

408.5.5 Resident participation. Emergency evacuation
drills shall involve the actual evacuation of residents to a
selected assembly point;

408.6 Group 1-2 occupancies. Group 1-2 occupancies shall
comply with the requirements of Sections 408.6.1 and 408.6.2
and Sections 401 through 406. Drills are not required to com-
ply with the time requirements of Section 405.4.

408.6.1 Evacuation not required. During emergency
evacuation drills, the movement of patients to safe areas or
to the exterior of the building is not required.

408.6.2 Coded alarm signal. When emergency evacuation
drills are conducted after visiting hours or when patients or
residents are expected to be asleep, a coded announcement
is allowed instead of audible alarms.

408.7 Group 1-3 occupancies. Group 1-3 occupancies shall
comply with the requirements of Sections 408.7.1 through
408.7.4 and Sections 401 through 406.

408.7.1 Employee training. Employees shall be instnacted
in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers and other
manual fure suppression equipment. Training of new staff
shall be provided promptly upon entrance on duty.
Refresher training shall be provided at least annually.

408.7.2 Staffing. Group 1-3 occupancies shall be provided
with 24-hour staffing. Staff shall be within three floors or
300 feet (91 440 mm) horizontal distance of the access door
of each resident housing area. In Use Conditions 3, 4 and 5,
as defined in Chapter 2, the arrangement shall be such that
the staff involved can start release of locks necessary for
emergency evacuation or rescue and initiate other necessary
emergency actions within 2 minutes of an alarm.

Exception: Staff shall not be required to be within three
floors or 300 feet (9144 mm) in areas in which all locks
are unlocked remotely and automatically in accordance
with Section 408.4 of the California Building Code.

408.7.3 Notification. Provisions shall be made for residents
in Use Conditions 3, 4 and 5, as defined in Chapter 2, to
readily notify staff of an emergency.

408.7.4 Keys. Keys necessary for unlocking doors installed
in a means of egress shall be individually identifiable by
both touch and sight.

408.8 Group R-1 occupancies. Group R-1 occupancies shall
comply with the requirements of Sections 408.8.1 through
408.8.3 and Sections 401 through 406.

408.8.1 Evacuation diagrams. A diagram depicting two
evacuation routes shall be posted on or immediately adja-
cent to every required egress door from each hotel, motel or
dormitory sleeping unit.

408.8.2 Emergency duties. Upon discovery of a fire or sus-
pected fu^e, hotel, motel and dormitory employees shall per-
form the following duties:

1. Activate the fire alarm system, where provided.

2. Notify the public fire depai'tment.

3. Take other action as previously instructed.

408.8.3 Fire safety and evacuation instructions. Informa-
tion shall be provided in the fire safety and evacuation plan
required by Section 404 to allow guests to decide whether to
evacuate to the outside, evacuate to an area of refuge, remain
in place, or any combination of the three.

408.9 Group R-2 occupancies. Group R-2 occupancies shall
comply with the requirements of Sections 408.9.1 through
408.9.3 and Sections 401 through 406.

408.9.1 Emergency guide. A fire emergency guide shall be
provided which describes the location, function and use of
fire protection equipment and appliances accessible to resi-
dents, including fire alarm systems, smoke alarms, and por-
table fire extinguishers. The guide shall also include an
emergency evacuation plan for each dwelling unit.

408.9.2 Maintenance. Emergency guides shall be reviewed
and approved in accordance with Section 401.2.

408.9.3 Distribution. A copy of the emergency guide shall
be given to each tenant prior to initial occupancy.

408.10 Group R-4 occupancies. Group R-4 occupancies shall
comply with the requirements of Sections 408.10.1 through
408.10.5 and Sections 401 through 406.

408.10.1 Fire safety and evacuation plan. The fire safety
and evacuation plan required by Section 404 shall include
special staff actions, including fire protection procedures
necessary for residents, and shall be amended or revised
upon admission of a resident with unusual needs.

408.10.2 Staff training. Employees shall be periodically
instructed and kept informed of their duties and responsibil-
ities under the plan. Such instruction shall be reviewed by
the staff at least every two months. A copy of the plan shall
be readily available at all times within the facility.

408.10.3 Resident training. Residents capable of assisting
in their own evacuation shall be tiained in the proper actions
to take in the event of a fire. The training shall include
actions to take if the primary escape route is blocked. Where
the resident is given rehabilitation or habilitation training,
training in fire prevention and actions to take in the event of
a fire shall be a part of the rehabilitation training program.
Residents shall be trained to assist each other in case of fire
to the extent their physical and mental abilities permit them
to do so without additional personal risk.

408.10.4 Drill frequency. Emergency evacuation drills
shall be conducted at least six times per year, two times per
year on each shift. Twelve drills shall be conducted in the
first year of operation. Drills are not required to comply with
the time requirements of Section 405.4.

408.10.5 Resident participation. Emergency evacuation
drills shall involve the actual evacuation of residents to a
selected assembly point and shall provide residents with
experience in exiting through all required exits. All required
exits shall be used during emergency evacuation drills.

Exception: Actual exiting from windows shall not be
required. Opening the window and signaling for help
shall be an acceptable alternative.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS

408.11 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings shall
comply with the provisions of Sections 408.11.1 through
408.11.3.

408.11.1 Lease plan. A lease plan shall be prepared for
each covered mall building. The plan shall include the fol-
lowing information in addition to that required by Section
404.3.2:

1. Each occupancy, including identification of tenant.

2. Exits from each tenant space.

3. Fire protection features, including the following:

3.1. Fire department connections.

3.2. Fire command center.

3.3. Smoke management system controls.

3.4. Elevators and elevator controls.

3.5. Hose valves outlets.

3.6. Sprinkler and standpipe control valves.

3.7. Automatic fire-extinguishing system areas.

3.8. Automatic fire detector zones.

3.9. Fire barriers.

408.11.1.1 Approval. The lease plan shall be submitted
to the fire code official for approval, and shall be main-
tained on site for immediate reference by responding fire
service personnel.

408.11.1.2 Revisions. The lease plans shall be revised
annually or as often as necessary to keep them current.
Modifications or changes in tenants or occupancies shall
not be made without prior approval of the fire code offi-
cial and building official.

408.11.2 Tenant identification. Each occupied tenant
space provided with a secondai-y exit to the exterior or exit
corridor shall be provided with tenant identification by busi-
ness name and/or address. Letters and numbers shall be
posted on the corridor side of the door, be plainly legible and
shall contrast with their background.

Exception: Tenant identification is not required for
anchor stores.

408.11.3 Maintenance. Unoccupied tenant spaces shall be:

1. Kept free from the storage of any materials.

2. Separated from the remainder of the building by parti-
tions of at least 0.5-inch-thick (12.7 mm) gypsum
board or an approved equivalent to the underside of
the ceiling of the adjoining tenant spaces.

3 . Without doors or other access openings other than one
door that shall be kept key locked in the closed posi-
tion except during that time when opened for inspec-
tion.

4. Kept free from combustible waste and be broom-
swept clean.

48 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 5 - FIRE SERVICE FEATURES

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Cliapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only ttiose sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

503.5.2

508.3

508.5

508.5.3

509.1

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

50 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 5

FIRE SERVICE FEATURES

SECTION 501
GENERAL

501.1 Scope. Fire service features for buildings, structures and
preniises shall comply with this chapter.

501.2 Permits. A permit shall be requked as set forth in
Appendix Chapter 1, Sections 105.6 and 105.7.

501.3 Construction documents. Construction documents for
proposed fire apparatus access, location of frre lanes and con-
struction documents and hydraulic calculations for fce hydrant
systems shall be_submitted to the fce department for review
and approval prior to construction.

501.4 Timing of installation. When fire apparatus access
roads or a water supply for fire protection is required to be
installed, such protection shall be installed and made service-
able prior to and during the time of construction except when
approved alternative methods of protection are provided. Tem-
porary street signs shall be installed at each street intersection
when construction of new roadways allows passage by vehi-
cles in accordance with Section 505.2.

SECTION 502
DEFINITIONS

502.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD. A road that provides
fire apparatus access from a fire station to a facility, building or
portion thereof. This is a general term inclusive of all other
terms such as fire lane, public street, private street, pai-king lot
lane and access roadway.

FIRE COMMAND CEJSfTER. The principal attended or
unattended location where the status of the detection, alarm
communications and conti-ol systems is displayed, and from
which the system(s) can be manually controlled.

FIRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY. A.limited issue key
of special or controlled design to be canied by fire department
officials in cominand which will open key boxes on specified
properties.

FIRE LANE. A road or other passageway developed to allow
the passage of fire apparatus. A fii"e lane is not necessarily
intended for vehicular- traffic other than fire appai^atus.

KEY BOX. A secure device with a lock operable only by a fire
department master key, and containing building entry keys and
other keys that may be required for access in an emergency.

SECTION 503
FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS

503.1 Wliere required. Fire appai-atus access roads shall be
provided and maintained in accordance with Sections 503.1.1
through 503.1.3.

503.1.1 Buildings and facilities. Approved fire apparatus
access roads shall be provided for every facility, building or
portion of a building hereafter constructed or moved into or
within the jurisdiction. The fire apparatus access road shall
comply with the requirements of this section and shall
extend to within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of all portions of the
facility and all portions of the exterior walls of the first story
of the building as measured by an approved route around the
exterior of the building or facility.

Exception: The fire code official is authorized to
increase the dimension of 1 50 feet (45 720 mm) where:

1. The building is equipped throughout with an ap-
proved automatic sprinkler system installed in ac-
cordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or
903.3.1.3.

2. Fire apparatus access roads cannot be installed be-
cause of location on property, topography, water-
ways, nonnegotiable grades or other similar
conditions, and an approved alternative means of
fire protection is provided.

3. There are not more than two Group R-3 or Group
U occupancies.

503.1.2 Additional access. The fire code official is autho-
rized to require more than one fire apparatus access road
based on the potential for impairment of a single road by
vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic conditions
or other factors that could limit access.

503.1.3 High-piled storage. Fire department vehicle access
to buildings used for high-piled combustible storage shall
comply with the applicable provisions of Chapter 23.

503.2 Specifications. Fire appai'atus access roads shall be
installed and arranged in accordance with Sections 503.2.1
through 503.2.7.

503.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have
an unobstructed width of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm),
except for approved security gates in accordance with Sec-
tion 503 .6, and an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less
than 13 feet 6 inches (4115 mm).

503.2.2 Authority. The frre code official shall have the
authority to require an increase in the minimum access
widths where they are inadequate for fire or rescue opera-
tions.

503.2.3 Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be
designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE SERVICE FEATURES

fire apparatus and shall be surfaced so as to provide
all-weather driving capabilities.

503.2.4 Turning radius. The required turning radius of a
fire apparatus access road shall be determined by the fire
code official.

503.2.5 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in
excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) in length shall be provided
vi'ith an approved area for turning around fire apparatus.

503.2.6 Bridges and elevated surfaces. Where a bridge or
an elevated surface is part of afire apparatus access road, the
bridge shall be constructed and maintained in accordance
with AASHTO HB-17. Bridges and elevated surfaces shall
be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed
loads of fire apparatus. Vehicle load hmits shall be posted at
both entrances to bridges when required by the fire code
official. Where elevated surfaces designed for emergency
vehicle use are adjacent to surfaces which are not designed
for such use, approved barriers, approved signs or both shall
be installed and maintained when required by the fire code
official.

503.2.7 Grade. The grade of the fire apparatus access road
shall be within the limits established by die fire code official
based on the fire department's apparatus.

503.3 Marking. Where required by the fire code official,
approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided for
fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads or prohibit the
obstruction thereof Signs or notices shall be maintained in a
clean and legible condition at all times and be replaced or
repaired when necessary to provide adequate visibility.

503.4 Obstruction of fire apparatus access roads. Fire appa-
ratus access roads shall not be obstructed in any manner,
including the parking of vehicles. The minimum widths and
clearances established in Section 503.2.1 shall be maintained
at all times.

503.5 Required gates or barricades. The fure code official is
authorized to require the installation and maintenance of gates
or other approved barricades across fire appai'atus access
roads, trails or other accessways, not including pubUc streets,
alleys or highways.

503.5.1 Secured gates and barricades. When required,
gates and barricades shall be secured in an approved man-
ner. Roads, trails and other accessways that have been
closed and obstructed in the manner prescribed by Section
503.5 shall not be trespassed on or used unless authorized
by the owner and the fire code official.

Exception: The restriction on use shall not apply to pub-
lic officers acting within the scope of duty.

[B] 503.5.2 Fences and gates. School grounds may be
fenced and gates therein may be equipped with locks, pro-
vided that safe dispersal areas based on 3 square feet (0.28
rrf) per occupant are located between the school and the
fence. Such required safe dispersal areas shall not be
located less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from school buildings.

Every public and private school shall conform with Sec-
tion 32020 of the Education Code which states:

The governing board of every public school district, and
the governing authority of every private school, which
maintains any building used for the instruction or housing
of school pupils on land entirely enclosed (except for build-
ing walls) by fences or walls, shall, through cooperation
with the local law enforcement and fire protection agencies
having jurisdiction of the area, make provision for the erec-
tion of gates in such fences or walls. The gates shall be of
sufficient size to permit the entrance of the ambulances,
police equipment and fire-fighting apparatus used by the
law enforcement and fire protection agencies. There shall be
no less than one such access gate and there shall be as many
such gates as needed to ensure access to all major buildings
and ground areas. If such gates are to be equipped with
locks, the locking devices shall be designed to permit ready
entrance by the use of the chain or bolt-cutting devices with
which the local law enforcement and fire protection agen-
cies may be equipped.

503.6 Security gates. The installation of security gates across a
fire apparatus access road shall be approved by the fire chief
Where security gates are installed, they shall have an approved
means of emergency operation. The security gates and the
emergency operation shall be maintained operational at all
times.

SECTION 504
ACCESS TO BUILDING OPENINGS AND ROOFS

504.1 Required access. Exterior doors and openings required
by this code or the California Building Code shall be main-
tained readily accessible for emergency access by the fire
department. An approved access walkway leading from fire
apparatus access roads to exterior openings shall be provided
when required by the fire code official.

504.2 Maintenance of exterior doors and openings. Exterior
doors and their function shall not be eliminated without prior
approval. Exterior doors that have been rendered nonfunc-
tional and that retain a functional door exterior appearance
shall have a sign affixed to the exterior side of the door with the
words THIS DOOR BLOCKED. The sign shall consist of let-
ters having a principal stroke of not less than 0.75 inch (19.1
mm) wide and at least 6 inches (152 mm) high on a conti-asting
background. Required fire department access doors shall not
be obstructed or eliminated. Exit and exit access doors shall
comply with Chapter 10. Access doors for high-piled combus-
tible storage shall comply with Section 2306.6.1.

504.3 Stairway access to roof. New buildings four or more
stories in height, except those with a roof slope greater than
four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33.3 percent slope),
shall be provided with a stairway to the roof. Stairway access to
the roof shall be in accordance with Section 1009.12. Such
stairway shall be marked at street and floor levels with a sign
indicating that the stairway continues to the roof Where roofs
are used for roof gai-dens or for other purposes, stairways shall
be provided as required for such occupancy classification.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE SERVICE FEATURES

SECTION 505
PREMISES IDENTIFICATION

505.1 Address numbers. New and existing buildings shall
have approved address numbers, building numbers or
approved building identification placed in a position that is
plainly legible and visible from the street or road fronting the
property. These numbers shall contrast with their background.
Address numbers shall be Arabic numerals or alphabet letters.
Numbers shall be a minimum of 4 inches ( 1 02 mm) high with a
minimum sti'oke width of 0.5 inch (12.7 mm).

505.2 Street or road signs. Streets and roads shall be identified
with approved signs. Temporary signs shall be installed at each
street intersection- when construction of new roadways allows
passage by vehicles. Signs shall be of an approved size,
weather resistant and be maintained until replaced by perma-
nent signs.

on a white background. Such warning signs shall be placed
so as to be readily discernible.

Exception: Mai-king shall not be required on shaftway
openings which are readily discernible as openings onto
a shaftway by the construction or aixangement.

507.3 Pitfalls. The intentional design or alteration of buildings
to disable, injure, maim or kill intruders is prohibited. No per-
son shall install and use firearms, sharp or pointed objects,
razor wire, explosives, flammable or combustible liquid con-
tainers, or dispensers containing highly toxic, toxic, uritant or
other hazardous materials in a manner which may passively or
actively disable, injure, maim or kill a fire fighter who forcibly
enters a building for the purpose of controlling or extinguishing
a fire, rescuing trapped occupants or rendering other emer-
gency assistance.

SECTION 506
KEY BOXES

506.1 Where required. Where access to or within a sti-ucture
or an area is restricted because of secured openings or where
immediate access is necessary for life-saving or fire-fighting
puiposes, the fire code official is authorized to require a key
box to be installed in an approved location. The key box shall
be of an approved type and shall contain keys to gain necessary
access as required by the fire code official.

506.1.1 Locks. An approved lock shall be installed on gates
or similar baixiers when required by the fire code official.

506.2 Key box maintenance. The operator of the building
shall immediately notify the fire code official and provide the
new key when a lock is changed or rekeyed. The key to such
lock shall be secured in the key box.

SECTION 507
HAZARDS TO FIRE FIGHTERS

507.1 Trapdoors to be closed. Trapdoors and scuttle covers,
other than those that ai'e within a dwelling unit or automatically
operated, shall be kept closed at all times except when in use.

507.2 Shaftway marlcings. Vertical shafts shall be identified
as required by this section.

507.2.1 Exterior access to shaftways. Outside openings
accessible to the fu'e department and which open directly on
a hoistway or shaftway communicating between two or
more floors in a building shall be plainly marked with the
word SHAFTWAY in red letters at least 6 inches (152 mm)
high on a white background. Such warning signs shall be
placed so as to be readily discernible from the outside of the
building.

507.2.2 Interior access to shaftways. Door or window
openings to a hoistway or shaftway from the interior of the
building shall be plainly marked with the word
SHAFTWAY in red letters at least 6 inches (152 mm) high

SECTION 508
FIRE PROTECTION WATER SUPPLIES

508.1 Required water supply. An approved water supply
capable of supplying the required fure flow for fire protection
shall be provided to premises upon which facilities, buildings
or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed or moved into
or within the jurisdiction.

508.2 Type of water supply. A water supply shall consist of
reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, water mains or other
fixed systems capable of providing the required fire flow.

508.2.1 Private fire service mains. Private fire service
mains and appurtenances shall be installed in accordance
with NFPA 24.

508.2.2 Water tanks. Water tanks for private fibre protection
shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 22.

508.3 Fire flow. Fire flow requirements for buildings or por-
tions of buildings and facilities shall be determined by an
approved method or Appendix B.

508.4 Water supply test. The fire code official shall be noti-
fied prior to the water supply test. Water supply tests shall be
witnessed by the fire code official or approved documentation
of the test shall be provided to the fu:e code official prior to final
approval of the water supply system.

508.5 Fire hydrant systems. Fu-e hydrant systems shall com-
ply with Sections 508.5.1 through 508.5.6 and Appendix C or
by an approved method.

508.5.1 Where required. Where a portion of the facility or
building hereafter constructed or moved into or within the
jurisdiction is more than 400 feet ( 1 22 m) from a hydrant on
a fu'e apparatus access road, as measured by an approved
route ai-ound the exterior of the facility or building, on-site
fire hydrants and mains shall be provided where required by
the fire code official.

Exceptions:

1. For Group R-3 and Group U occupancies, the dis-
tance requirement shall be 600 feet (183 m).

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE SERVICE FEATURES

2. For buildings equipped throughout with an ap-
proved automatic sprinkler system installed in ac-
cordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the
distance requirement shall be 600 feet (183 m).

508.5.2 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Fire
hydrant systems shall be subject to periodic tests as required
by the fire code official. Fire hydrant systems shall be main-
tained in an operative condition at all times and shall be
repaired where defective. Additions, repairs, alterations and
servicing shall comply with approved standards.

508.5.3 Private fire service mains and water tanks. Pri-
vate fire service mains and water tanks shall be periodically
inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with Title 19
California Code of Regulations Chapter 5.

508.5.4 Obstruction. Posts, fences, vehicles, growth, trash,
storage and other materials or objects shall not be placed or
kept near fire hydrants, fire department inlet connections or
fire protection system control valves in a manner that would
prevent such equipment or fire hydrants from being imme-
diately discernible. The fire department shall not be deterred
or hindered from gaining immediate access to fire protec-
tion equipment or fire hydrants.

508.5.5 Clear space around Iiydrants. A 3-foot (914 mm)
clear space shall be maintained around the circumference of
fire hydrants except as otherwise required or approved.

508.5.6 Pliysical protection. Where fire hydrants are sub-
ject to impact by a motor vehicle, guard posts or other
approved means shall comply with Section 312.

SECTION 509
FIRE COMMAND CENTER

509.1 Features. Where required by other sections of this code
and in all buildings classified as high-rise buildings by the Cali-
fornia Building Code, a fire conmiand center for fire depart-
ment operations shall be provided. The location and
accessibility of the fire command center shall be approved by
the fire department. The fire command center shall be sepa-
rated from the remainder of the building by not less than a
1-hour fire barrier constructed in accordance witlr Section 706
of the California Building Code or horizontal assembly con-
structed in accordance with Section 711 of the California
Building Code, or both. The room shall be a minimum of 96
square feet (9 m^) with a minimum dimension of 8 feet (2438
mm). A layout of the fire command center and all features
required by this section to be contained therein shall be submit-
ted for approval prior to installation. The fire command center
shall comply with NFPA 72 and shall contain the following fea-
tures:

1. The emergency voice/alarm communication system
unit.

2. The fire department communications system.

3. Fire-detection and alarm system annunciator system.

4. Annunciator visually indicating the location of the ele-
vators and whether they are operational.

5. Status indicators and controls for air-handling systems.

6. The fire-fighter's control panel required by Section
909. 1 6 for smoke control systems installed in the build-
ing.

7. Controls for unlocking stairway doors simultaneously.

8 . Sprinkler valve and water-flow detector display panels .

9. Emergency and standby power status indicators.

10. A telephone for fire department use with controlled ac-
cess to the public telephone system.

1 1 . Fire pump status indicators.

12. Schematic building plans indicating the typical floor
plan and detailing the building core, means of egress,
fire protection systems, fire-fighting equipment and
fire department access.

13. Work table.

14. Generator supervision devices, manual start and trans-
fer features.

15. Public address system, where specifically required by
other sections of this code.

16. Fire command centers shall not be used for the housing
of any boiler, heating unit, generator, combustible stor-
age, or similar hazardous equipment or storage.

SECTION 510
FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT

510.1 Identification. Fire protection equipment shall be iden-
tified in an approved manner. Rooms containing controls for
air-conditioning systems, sprinkler risers and valves, or other
fire detection, suppression or control elements shall be identi-
fied for the use of the fire department. Approved signs required
to identify fire protection equipment and equipment location,
shall be constructed of durable materials, permanently
installed and readily visible.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 6 - BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DBA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter/
Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

56 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 6

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

SECTION 601
GENERAL

601.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the
installation, operation and maintenance of fuel-fired appli-
ances and heating systems, emergency and standby power sys-
tems, electrical systems and equipment, mechanical
refrigeration systems, elevator recall, stationary storage battery
systems and commercial kitchen hoods.

601.2 Permits. Permits shall be obtained for refrigeration sys-
tems and battery systems as set forth in Appendix Chapter 1,
Sections 105.6 and 105.7.

SECTION 602
DEFINITIONS

602.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY LEAD ACID. A sys-
tem which consists of three interconnected subsystems:

1. A lead-acid battery.

2. A battery charger.

3. A collection of rectifiers, inverters, converters, and asso-
ciated electrical equipment as required for a particular
application.

BATTERY TYPES

Nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery. An alkaline storage bat-
tery in which the positive active material is nickel oxide, the
negative contains cadmium and the electrolyte is potassium
hydroxide.

Nonrecombinant battery. A storage battery in which,
under conditions of normal use, hydrogen and oxygen gas-
ses created by electrolysis are vented into the air outside of
the battery.

Recombinant battery. A storage battery in which, under
conditions of normal use, hydrogen and oxygen gases cre-
ated by electrolysis are converted back into water inside the
battery instead of venting into the air outside of the battery.

Stationary storage battery. A group of electrochemical
cells interconnected to supply a nominal voltage of DC
power to a suitably connected electrical load, designed for
service in a permanent location. The number of cells con-
nected in a series determines the riominal voltage rating of
the battery. The size of the cells determines the discharge
capacity of the entire battery. After discharge, it may be
restored to a fully charged condition by an electric current
flowing in a direction opposite to the flow of current when
the battery is discharged.

Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery. A lead-acid
battery consisting of sealed cells furnished with a valve that

opens to vent the battery whenever the internal pressure of
the battery exceeds the ambient pressure by a set amount. In
VRLA batteries, the liquid electrolyte in the cells is immo-
bihzed in an absorptive glass mat (AGM cells or batteries)
or by the addition of a gelling agent (gel cells or gelled
batteries).

Vented (Flooded) lead-acid battery. A lead-acid battery
consisting of cells that have electrodes immersed in liquid
electrolyte. Flooded lead-acid batteries have a provision for
the user to add water to the cell and are equipped with a
flame-arresting vent which permits the escape of hydrogen
and oxygen gas from the cell in a diffused manner such that
a spark, or other ignition source, outside the cell will not
ignite the gases inside the cell.

[M] COMMERCIAL COOKING APPLIANCES. AppH-
ances used in a commercial food service establishment for
heating or cooking food and which produce grease vapors,
steam, fumes, smoke or odors that are required to be removed
through a local exhaust ventilation system. Such appliances
include deep fat fryers; upright broilers; griddles; broilers;
steam-jacketed kettles; hot- top ranges; under-fired broilers
(charbroilers); ovens; barbecues; rotisseries; and similar appli-
ances. For the purpose of this definition, a food service estab-
lishment shall include any building or aportion thereof used for
the preparation and serving of food.

[M] HOOD. An air-intake device used to capture by entrap-
ment, impingement, adhesion or similar means, grease and
similar contaminants before they enter a duct system.

Type I. A kitchen hood for collecting and removing grease
vapors and smoke.

REFRIGERANT. The fluid used for heat transfer in a refrig-
erating system; the refrigerant absorbs heat and transfers it at a
higher temperature and a higher pressure, usually with a
change of state.

REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. A combination of intercon-
nected refrigerant-containing parts constituting one closed
refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant is circulated for the
purpose of extracting heat.

SECTION 603
FUEL-FIRED APPLIANCES

603.1 Installation. The installation of nonportable fuel gas
appliances and systems shall comply the California Mechani-
cal Code. The installation of all other fuel-fired appliances,
other than internal combustion engines, oil lamps and portable
devices such as blow torches, melting pots and weed burners,
shall comply with this section and the California Mechanical
Code.

603.1.1 Manufacturer's instructions. The installation
shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and applicable federal, state, and local rules and

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

regulations. Where it becomes necessary to change, modify,
or alter a manufacturer's instructions in any way, written
approval shall first be obtained from the manufacturer.

603.1.2 Approval. The design, construction and installa-
tion of fuel-fired appUances shall be in accordance with the
California Mechanical Code.

603.1.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wir-
ing and equipment used in connection with oil-burning
equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance
with the California Electrical Code.

603.1.4 Fuel oil. The grade of fuel oil used in a burner shall
be that for which the burner is approved and as stipulated by
the burner manufacturer. Oil containing gasoline shall not
be used. Waste crankcase oil shall be an acceptable fuel in
Group F, M and S occupancies, when utilized in equipment
listed for use with waste oil and when such equipment is
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
and the terms of its hsting.

603.1.5 Access. The installation shall be readily accessible
for cleaning hot surfaces; removing burners; replacing
motors, controls, air filters, chimney connectors, draft regu-
lators, and other working parts; and for adjusting, cleaning
and lubricating parts.

603.1.6 Testing, diagrams and instructions. After instal-
lation of the oil-burning equipment, operation and combus-
tion performance tests shall be conducted to determine that
the burner is in proper operating condition and that all
accessory equipment, controls, and safety devices function
properly.

603.1.6.1 Diagrams. Contractors instalhng industrial
oil-burning systems shall furnish not less than two copies
of diagrams showing the main oil lines and controlling
valves, one copy of which shall be posted at the oil-burn-
ing equipment and another at an approved location that
will be accessible in case of emergency.

603.1.6.2 Instructions. After completing the installa-
tion, the installer shall instruct the owner or operator in
the proper operation of the equipment. The installer shall
also furnish the owner or operator with the name and
telephone number of persons to contact for technical
information or assistance and routine or emergency
services.

603.1.7 Clearances. Working clearances between oil-fired
appliances and electrical panelboards and equipment shall
be in accordance with the California Electrical Code. Clear-
ances between oil-fired equipment and oil supply tanks
shall be in accordance with NFPA 31.

[B, M, FG] 603.2 Chimneys. Masoru-y chimneys shall be con-
structed in accordance with the California Building Code. Fac-
tory-built chimneys shall be installed in accordance with the
California Mechanical Code. Metal chimneys shall be con-
structed and installed in accordance with NFPA 211.

603.3 Fuel oil storage systems. Fuel oil storage systems shall
be installed in accordance with this code. Fuel oil piping sys-
tems shall be installed in accordance with the California
Mechanical Code.

603.3.1 Maximum outside fuel oil storage above ground.

Where connected to a fuel-oil piping system, the maximum
amount of fuel oil storage allowed outside above gi-ound
without additional protection shall be 660 gallons (2498 L).
The storage of fuel oil above ground in quantities exceeding
660 gallons (2498 L) shall comply with NFPA 31.

603.3.2 Maximum inside fuel oil storage. Where con-
nected to a fuel-oil piping system, the maximum amount of
fuel oil storage allowed inside any building shall be 660 gal-
lons (2498 L). Where the amount of fuel oil stored inside a
building exceeds 660 gallons (2498 L), the storage area
shall be in compliance with the California Building Code.

603.3.3 Underground storage of fuel oil. The storage of
fuel oil in underground storage tanks shall comply with
NFPA 31.

603.4 Portable unvented heaters. Portable unvented
fuel-fired heating equipment shall be prohibited in occupan-
cies in Groups A, E, I, R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4.

Exception: Listed and approved unvented fuel-fired heaters
in one- and two-family dwellings.

603.4.1 Prohibited locations. Unvented fuel-frred heating
equipment shall not be located in, or obtain combustion air
from, any of the following rooms or spaces: sleeping rooms,
bathrooms, toilet rooms or storage closets.

603.5 Heating appliances. Heating appliances shall be listed
and shall comply with this section.

603.5.1 Guard against contact. The heating element or
combustion chamber shall be permanently guarded so as to
prevent accidental contact by persons or material.

603.5.2 Heating appliance installation and maintenance.

Heating appliances shall be installed and maintained in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, the
California Building Code, the California Mechanical Code
and the California Electrical Code.

603.6 Chimneys and appliances. Chimneys, incinerators,
smokestacks or similar devices for conveying smoke or hot
gases to the outer air and the stoves, furnaces, fireboxes or boil-
ers to which such devices are connected, shall be maintained so
as not to create a fire hazard.

603.6.1 Masonry chimneys. Masoiu^ chinaneys that, upon
inspection, are found to be without a flue liner and that have
open mortar joints which will permit smoke or gases to be
discharged into the building, or which are cracked as to be
dangerous, shall be repaired or relined with a Usted chimney
liner system installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions or a flue lining system installed in
accordance with the requirements of the California Build-
ing Code and appropriate for the intended class of chimney
service.

603.6.2 Metal chimneys. Metal chimneys which are cor-
roded or improperly supported shall be repaired or replaced.

603.6.3 Decorative shrouds. Decorative shrouds installed
at tiie termination of factory-built chimneys shall be
removed except where such shrouds are listed and labeled
for use with the specific factory-built chimney system and

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

are installed in accordance with the chimney manufacturer's
installation instructions.

603.6.4 Factory-built chimneys. Existing factory-built
chimneys that ai'e damaged, coixoded or improperly sup-
ported shall be repaired or replaced.

603.6.5 Connectors. Existing chimney and vent connectors
that ai'e damaged, corroded or improperly supported shall
be repaired or replaced.

603.7 Discontinuing operation of unsafe heating appli-
ances. The fire code official is authorized to order that mea-
sures be taken to prevent the operation of any existing stove,
oven, furnace, incinerator, boiler or any other heat-producing
device or appliance found to be defective or in violation of code
requirements for existing appliances after giving notice to this
effect to any person, owner, firm or agent or operator in charge
of the same. The fu:e code official is authorized to take mea-
sures to prevent the operation of any device or appliance with-
out notice when inspection shows the existence of an
immediate fire hazard or when imperiling human life. The
defective device shall remain withdrawn from service until all
necessary repairs or alterations have been made.

603.7.1 Unauthorized operation. It shall be a violation of
this code for any person, user, firm or agent to continue the
utihzation of any device or appliance (the operation of
which has been discontinued or ordered discontinued in
accordance with Section 603.7), unless written authority to
resume operation is given by the fure code official. Remov-
ing or breaking the means by which operation of the device
is prevented shall be a violation of this code.

603.8 Incinerators. Commercial, industrial and residen-
tial-type incinerators and chimneys shall be constructed in
accordance with the California Building Code and the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code.

603.8.1 Residential incinerators. Residential incinerators
shall be of an approved type.

603.8.2 Sparlc arrestor. Incinerators shall be equipped with
an effective means for arresting sparks.

603.8.3 Restrictions. Where the fire code official deter-
mines that burning in incinerators located within 500 feet
(152 m) of mountainous, brush or grass-covered ai-eas will
create an undue fu'e hazai-d because of atmospheric condi-
tions, such burning shall be prohibited.

603.8.4 Time of burning. Burning shall take place only
during approved hours.

603.8.5 Discontinuance. The fire code official is autho-
rized to require incinerator use to be discontinued immedi-
ately if the fu'e code official determines that smoke
emissions ai^e offensive to occupants of surrounding prop-
erty or if the use of incinerators is determined by the fire
code official to constitute a hazai^dous condition.

603.9 Gas meters. Above-ground gas meters, regulators and
piping subject to damage shall be protected by a barrier com-
plying with Section 312 or otherwise protected in an approved
manner.

SECTION 604
EMERGENCY AND STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS

604.1 Installation. Emergency and standby power systems
required by this code or the California Building Code shall be
installed in accordance with this code, NFPA 110 and NFPA
111. Existing installations shall be maintained in accordance
with the original approval.

604.1.1 Stationary generators. Stationary emergency and
standby power generators required by this code shall be
listed in accordance with UL 2200.

604.2 Where required. Emergency and standby power sys-
tems shall be provided where required by Sections 604.2.1
through 604.2.19.4.

604.2.1 Group A occupancies. Emergency power shall be
provided for emergency voice/alarm communication sys-
tems in Group A occupancies in accordance with Section
907.2.12.2.

604.2.2 Smoke control systems. Standby power shall be
provided for smoke control systems in accordance with Sec-
tion 909.11.

604.2.3 Exit signs. Emergency power shall be provided for
exit signs in accordance with Section 1011.5.3

604.2.4 Means of egress illumination. Emergency power
shall be provided for means of egress illumination in accor-
dance with Section 1006.3.

604.2.5 Accessible means of egress elevators. Standby
power shall be provided for elevators that are part of an
accessible means of egress in accordance with Section
1007.4.

604.2.6 Accessible means of egress platform lifts.

Standby power in accordance with this section or ASME
Al 8. 1 shall be provided for platform lifts that are part of an
accessible means of egress in accordance with Section
1007.5.

604.2.7 Horizontal sliding doors. Standby power shall be
provided for horizontal sliding doors in accordance with
Section 1008.1.3.3.

604.2.8 Semiconductor fabrication facilities. Emergency
power shall be provided for semiconductor fabrication

/facilities in accordance with Section 1803.15.

604.2.9 Membrane structures. Emergency power shall be
provided for exit signs in temporary tents and membrane
structures in accordance with Section 2403.12.6.1. Standby
power shall be provided for auxiliary inflation systems in
permanent membrane structures in accordance with the
California Building Code.

604.2.10 Hazardous materials. Emergency or standby
power shall be provided in occupancies with hazai'dous
materials in accordance with Sections 2704.7 and 2705. 1 .5.

604.2.11 Highly toxic and toxic materials. Emergency
power shall be provided for occupancies with highly toxic
or toxic materials in accordance witii Sections 3704.2.2.8
and 3704.3.2.6.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

604.2.12 Organic peroxides. Standby power shall be pro-
vided for occupancies with organic peroxides in accordance
with Section 3904.1.11.

604.2.13 Pyrophoric materials. Emergency power shall be
provided for occupancies with silane gas in accordance with
Sections 4106.2.3 and 4106.4.3.

604.2.14 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings
exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645 m^) shall be provided
with standby power systems which are capable of operating
the emergency voice/alarm communication.

604.2.15 High-rise buildings. Standby power, light and
emergency systems in high-rise buildings shall comply with
the requirements of Sections 604.2.15.1 through
604.2.15.3.

604.2.15.1 Standby power. A standby power system
shall be provided. Where the standby system is a genera-
tor set inside a building, the system shall be located in a
separate room enclosed with 2-hour fu'e barriers or hori-
zontal assemblies constructed in accordance with the
California Building Code, or both. System supervision
with manual start and transfer features shall be provided
at the fire conomand center.

604.2.15.1.1 Fuel supply. An on-premises fuel sup-
ply, sufficient for not less than 2-hour full-demand
operation of the system, shall be provided.

Exception: When approved, the system shall be
allowed to be supplied by natural gas pipelines.

604.2.15.1.2 Capacity. The standby system shall
have a capacity and rating that supplies all equipment
required to be operational at the same time. The gen-
erating capacity is not required to be sized to operate
all of the connected electrical equipment
simultaneously.

604.2.15.1.3 Connected facilities. Power and light-
ing facilities for the fire command center and eleva-
tors specified in Sections 403.8 and 403.9 of the
California Building Code, as applicable, and electri-
cally powered fure pumps required to maintain pres-
sure, shall be transferable to the standby source.
Standby power shall be provided for at least one ele-
vator to serve all floors and be transferable to any ele-
vator.

604.2.15.2 Separate circuits and luminaires. Separate
lighting circuits and luminaires shall be requked to pro-
vide sufficient light with an intensity of not less than 1
foot-candle (11 lux) measured at floor level in all means
of egress coiridors, stairways, smokeproof enclosures,
elevator cars and lobbies, and other areas that are clearly
a part of the escape route.

604.2.15.2.1 Other circuits. Circuits supplying
lighting for the fire command center and mechanical
equipment rooms shall be transferable to the standby
source.

604.2.15.3 Emergency systems. Exit signs, exit illumi-
nation as required by Chapter 10, and elevator car light-
ing are classified as emergency systems and shall operate
within 10 seconds of failure of the normal power supply
and shall be capable of being transferred to the standby
source.

Exception: Exit sign, exit and means of egress illumi-
nation are permitted to be powered by a standby
source in buildings of Group F and S occupancies.

604.2.16 Underground buildings. Emergency and standby
power systems in underground buildings covered in Chap-
ter 4 of the California Building Code shall comply with Sec-
tions 604.2.16.1 and 604.2.16.2.

604.2.16.1 Standby power. A standby power system
complying with the California Electrical Code shall be
provided for standby power loads as specified in Section
604.2.16.1.1.

[B] 604.2.16.1.1 Standby power loads. The follow-
ing loads are classified as standby power loads:

1. Smoke control system.

2. Ventilation and automatic fire detection equip-
ment for smokeproof enclosures.

3. Fire pumps.

4. Standby power shall be provided for elevators
in accordance with Section 3003 of the Califor-
nia Building Code.

[B] 604.2.16.1.2 Pickup time. The standby power
system shall pick up its connected loads within 60
seconds of failure of the normal power supply.

604.2.16.2 Emergency power. An emergency power
system complying with the California Electrical Code
shall be provided for emergency power loads as specified
in Section 604.2.15.2.1.

604.2.16.2.1 Emergency power loads. The follow-
ing loads ai'e classified as emergency power loads:

1. Emergency voice/alarm communication sys-
tems.

2. Fire alarm systems.

3. Automatic fire detection systems.

4. Elevator car lighting.

5. Means of egress lighting and exit sign illumina-
tion as required by Chapter 10.

604.2.17 Group 1-3 occupancies. Power-operated sliding
doors or power-operated locks for swinging doors in Group
1-3 occupancies shall be operable by a manual release mech-
anism at the door, and either emergency power or a remote
mechanical operating release shall be provided.

Exception: Emergency power is not required in faciUties
where provisions for remote locking and unlocking of
occupied rooms in Occupancy Condition 4 are not
required as set forth in the California Building Code.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

604.2.18 Airport traffic control towers. A standby power
system shall be provided in aii-port traffic control towers
more than 65 feet (19 812 mm) in height. Power shall be
provided to the following equipment:

1 . Pressurization equipment, mechanical equipment and
lighting.

2. Elevator operating equipment.

3. Fire alarm and smoke detection systems.

604.2.19 Elevators. In buildings and structures where
standby power is required or furnished to operate an eleva-
tor, the operation shall be in accordance with Sections
604.2.19.1 through 604.2.19.4.

604.2.19.1 Manual transfer. Standby power shall be
manually transferable to all elevators in each bank.

604.2.19.2 One elevator. Where only one elevator is
installed, the elevator shall automatically transfer to
standby power within 60 seconds after failure of normal
power.

604.2.19.3 Two or more elevators. Where two or more
elevators are controlled by acommon operating system,
all elevators shall automatically transfer to standby
power within 60 seconds after failure of normal power
where the standby power source is of sufficient capacity
to operate all elevators at the same time. Where the
standby power source is not of sufficient capacity to
operate all elevators at the same time, all elevators shall
transfer to standby power in sequence, return to the des-
ignated landing and disconnect from the standby power
source. After all elevators have been returned to the des-
ignated level, at least one elevator shall remain operable
from the standby power source.

604.2.19.4 Venting. Where standby power is connected
to elevators, the machine room ventilation or air condi-
tioning shall be connected to the standby power source.

604.3 Maintenance. Emergency and standby power systems
shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 110 and NFPA
111 such that the system is capable of supplying service within
the time specified for the type and duration required.

604.3.1 Schedule. Inspection, testing and maintenance of
emergency and standby power systems shall be in accor-
dance with an approved schedule established upon comple-
tion and approval of the system installation.

604.3.2 Written record. Written records of the inspection,
testing and maintenance of emergency and standby power
systems shall include the date of service, name of the servic-
ing technician, a summary of conditions noted and a
detailed description of any conditions requiring correction
and what corrective action was taken. Such records shall be
kept on the premises served by the emergency or standby
power system and be available for inspection by the fure
code official.

604.3.3 Switch maintenance. Emergency and standby
power system transfer switches shall be included in the
inspection, testing and maintenance schedule required by
Section 604.3.1. Transfer switches shall be maintained free
from accumulated dust and dirt. Inspection shall include

examination of the transfer switch contacts for evidence of
deterioration. When evidence of contact deterioration is
■ detected, the contacts shall be replaced in accordance with
the transfer switch manufacturer's instructions.

604.4 Operational inspection and testing. Emergency power
systems, including all appurtenant components shall be
inspected and tested under load in accordance with NFPA 110
and NFPA 111.

Exception: Where the emergency power system is used for
standby power or peak load shaving, such use shall be
recorded and shall be allowed to be substituted for sched-
uled testing of the generator set, provided that appropriate
records are maintained.

604.4.1 Transfer switch test. The test of the transfer switch
shall consist of electrically operating the transfer switch
from the normal position to the alternate position and then
return to the normal position.

604.5 Supervision of maintenance and testing. Routine
maintenance, inspection and operational testing shall be over-
seen by a properly instructed individual.

SECTION 605
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, WIRING AND HAZARDS

605.1 Abatement of electrical hazards. Identified electrical
hazards shall be abated. Identified hazardous electrical condi-
tions in permanent wiring shall be brought to the attention of
the code official responsible for enforcement of the California
Electrical Code. Electrical wiring, devices, appliances and
other equipment that is modified or damaged and constitutes an
electrical shock or fure hazard shall not be used.

605.2 Illumination. Illumination shall be provided for service
equipment areas, motor control centers and electrical
panelboards.

605.3 Working space and clearance. A working space of not
less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width, 36 inches (914 mm) in
depth and 78 inches (1981 mm) in height shall be provided in
front of electrical service equipment. Where the electrical ser-
vice equipment is wider than 30 inches (762 mm), the working
space shall not be less than the width of the equipment. No stor-
age of any materials shall be located within the designated
working space.

Exceptions:

1. Where other dimensions are requked or allowed by
the California Electrical Code.

2. Access openings into attics or under-floor areas
which provide a minimum clear opening of 22 inches
(559 mm) by 30 inches (762 mm).

605.3.1 Labeling. Doors into electrical control panel rooms
shall be mai'ked with a plainly visible and legible sign stat-
ing ELECTRICAL ROOM or similai" approved wording.
The disconnecting means for each service, feeder or branch
circuit originating on a switchboai^d or panelboard shall be
legibly and durably marked to indicate its puipose unless
such purpose is cleaiiy evident.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

605.4 Multiplug adapters. Multiplug adapters, such as cube
adapters, unfused plug strips or any other device not complying
with the California Electrical Code shall be prohibited.

605.4.1 Power tap design. Relocatable power taps shall be
of the polarized or grounded type, equipped with
overcurrent protection, and shall be listed in accordance
with UL 1363.

605.4.2 Power supply. Relocatable power taps shall be
directly connected to a permanently installed receptacle.

605.4.3 Installation. Relocatable power tap cords shall not
extend through walls, ceiHngs, floors, under doors or floor
coverings, or be subject to environmental or physical
damage.

605.5 Extension cords. Extension cords and flexible cords
shall not be a substitute for permanent wiring. Extension cords
and flexible cords shall not be affixed to structures, extended
through walls, ceilings or floors, or under doors or floor cover-
ings, nor shall such cords be subject to environmental damage
or physical impact. Extension cords shall be used only with
portable appliances.

605.5.1 Power supply. Extension cords shall be plugged
directly into an approved receptacle, power tap or multiplug
adapter and, except for approved multiplug extension cords,
shall serve only one portable appliance.

605.5.2 Ampacity. The ampacity of the extension cords
shall not be less than the rated capacity of the portable appli-
ance supplied by the cord.

605.5.3 Maintenance. Extension cords shall be maintained
in good condition without splices, deterioration or damage.

605.5.4 Grounding. Extension cords shall be grounded
when serving grounded portable appliances.

605.6 Unapproved conditions. Open junction boxes and
open- wiring splices shall be prohibited. Approved covers shall
be provided for all switch and electrical outlet boxes.

605.7 Appliances. Electrical appliances and fixtures shall be
tested and listed in published reports of inspected electrical
equipment by an approved agency and installed and main-
tained in accordance with all instructions included as part of
such listing.

605.8 Electrical motors. Electiical motors shall be maintained
free from excessive accumulations of oil, diit, waste and
debris.

605.9 Temporary wiring. Temporary wiring for electrical
power and lighting installations is allowed for a period not to
exceed 90 days. Temporary wiring methods shall meet the
applicable provisions of the California Electrical Code.

Exception: Temporary wiring for electrical power and
lighting installations is allowed during periods of construc-
tion, remodeling, repair or demolition of buildings, struc-
tures, equipment or similar activities.

605.9.1 Attachment to structures. Temporary wiring
attached to a structure shall be attached in an approved man-
ner.

605.10 Portable, electric space heaters. Portable, electric
space heaters shall comply with Sections 605.10.1 through
605.10.4.

605.10.1 Listed and labeled. Only Usted and labeled porta-
ble, electric space heaters shall be used.

605.10.2 Power supply. Portable, electric space heaters
shall be plugged directly into an approved receptacle.

605.10.3 Extension cords. Portable, electric space heaters
shall not be plugged into extension cords.

605.10.4 Prohibited areas. Portable, electric space heaters
shall not be operated within 3 feet (914 mm) of any combus-
tible materials. Portable, electric space heaters shall be
operated only in locations for which they are hsted.

SECTION 606
MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION

[M] 606.1 Scope. Refrigeration systems shall be installed in
accordance with the California Mechanical Code.

[M] 606.2 Refrigerants. The use and purity of new, recovered,
and reclaimed refrigerants shall be in accordance with the Cali-
fornia Mechanical Code.

[M] 606.3 Refrigerant classification. Refrigerants shall be
classified in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.

[M] 606.4 Change in refrigerant type. A change in the type of
refrigerant in a refrigeration system shall be in accordance with
the California Mechanical Code.

606.5 Access. Refiigeration systems having a refrigerant cir-
cuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group Al or
30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be acces-
sible to the fire department at all times as required by the fire
code official.

606.6 Testing of equipment. Refrigeration equipment and
systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220
pounds (100 kg) of Group Al or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other
group refrigerant shall be subject to periodic testing in accor-
dance with Section 606.6.1. A written record of required test-
ing shall be maintained on the premises. Tests of emergency
devices or systems required by this chapter shall be conducted
by persons trained and qualified in refrigeration systems.

606.6.1 Periodic testing. The following emergency devices
or systems shall be periodically tested in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions and as required by the fire
code official.

1. Treatment and flaring systems.

2. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation
of emergency refrigeration control boxes.

3. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate
emergency ventilation systems.

4. Detection and alarm systems.

606.7 Emergency signs. Refrigeration units or systems having
a refrigerant cncuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg)
of Group Al or 30 pounds (14kg)of any other group refriger-
ant shall be provided with approved emergency signs, charts,

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

and labels in accordance with NFPA 704. Hazard signs shall be
in accordance with the California Mechanical Code for the
classification of refrigerants listed therein.

606.8 Refrigerant detector. Machinery rooms shall contain a
refrigerant detector with an audible and visual alarm. The
detector, or a samphng tube that draws air to the detector, shall
be located in an area where refrigerant from a leak will concen-
trate. The alarm shall be actuated at a value not greater than the
coiresponding TLV-TWA values shown in the California
Mechanical Code for the refrigerant classification. Detectors
and alarms shall be placed in approved locations.

606.9 Remote controls. Remote control of the mechanical
equipment and appliances located in the machinery room shall
be provided at an approved location immediately outside the
machinery room and adjacent to its principal entrance.

606.9.1 Refrigeration system. A clearly identified switch
of the break-glass type shall provide off-only control of
electrically energized equipment and appliances in the
machinery room, other than refrigerant leak detectors and
machinery room ventilation.

Exception: In machinery rooms where only nonflam-
mable refrigerants are used, electrical equipment and
appliances, other than compressors, are not required to
be provided with a cut-off switch.

606.9.2 Ventilation system. A clearly identified switch of
the break-glass type shall provide on-only control of the
machinery room ventilation fans.

606.10 Emergency pressure control system. Refrigeration
systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of flammable,
toxic or highly toxic refrigerant or ammonia shall be provided
with an emergency pressure control system in accordance with
Sections 606.10.1 and 606.10.2.

606.10.1 Automatic crossover valves. Each high- and
intermediate-pressure zone in. a refrigeration system shall
be provided with a single automatic valve providing a cross-
over connection to a lower pressure zone. Automatic cross-
over valves shall comply with Sections 606.10.1.1 through
606.10.1.3.

606.10.1.1 Overpressure limit setpoint. Automatic
crossover valves shall be arranged to automatically
relieve excess system pressure to a lower pressure zone if
the pressure in a high- or intermediate-pressure zone
rises to within 15 psi (108.4 kPa) of the set point for
emergency pressure-relief devices.

606.10.1.2 Manual operation. When required by the
fire code official, automatic crossover valves shall be
capable of manual operation.

606.10.1.3 System design pressure. Refrigeration sys-
tem zones that are connected to a higher pressure zone by
an automatic crossover valve shall be designed to safely
contain the maximum pressure that can be achieved by
interconnection of the two zones.

606.10.2 Automatic emergency stop. An automatic emer-
gency stop feature shall be provided in accordance with
Sections 606.10.2.1 and 606.10.2.2.

606.10.2.1 Operation of an automatic crossover
valve. Operation of an automatic crossover valve shall
cause all compressors on the affected system to immedi-
ately stop. Dedicated pressure-sensing devices located
immediately adjacent to crossover valves shall be per-
mitted as a means for determining operation of a valve.
To ensure that the automatic crossover valve system pro-
vides a redundant means of stopping compressors in an
overpressure condition, high-pressure cutout sensors
associated with compressors shall not be used as a basis
for determining operation of a crossover valve.

606.10.2.2 Overpressure in low-pressure zone. The

lowest pressure zone in a refrigeration system shall be
provided with a dedicated means of determining a rise in
system pressure to within 15 psi (103.4 kPa) of the
setpoint for emergency pressure-relief devices. Activa-
tion of the overpressure sensing device shall cause all
compressors on the effected system to immediately stop .

606.11 Storage, use and handling. Flammable and combusti-
ble materials shall not be stored in machinery rooms for refrig-
eration systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more
than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group Al or 30 pounds (14 kg) of
any other group refrigerant. Storage, use or handling of extra
refrigerant or refrigerant oils shall be as required by Chapters
27, 30, 32 and 34.

Exception: This provision shall not apply to spare parts,
tools, and incidental materials necessary for the safe and
proper operation and maintenance of the system.

606.12 Termination of relief devices. Pressure relief devices,
fusible plugs and purge systems for refrigeration systems con-
taining more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of flammable, toxic or
highly toxic refrigerants shall be provided with an approved
discharge system as required by Sections 606.12.1, 606.12.2
and 606.12.3. Discharge piping and devices connected to the
discharge side of a fusible plug or rupture member shall have
provisions to prevent plugging the pipe in the event of the fus-
ible plug or rupture member functions.

606.12.1 Flammable refrigerants. Systems containing
flammable refrigerants having a density equal to or greater
than the density of air shall discharge vapor to the atmo-
sphere only through an approved treatment system in accor-
dance with Section 606.12.4 or a flaring system in
accordance with Section 606.12.5. Systems containing
flammable refrigerants having a density less than the den-
sity of air shall be permitted to discharge vapor to the atmo-
sphere provided that the point of discharge is located
outside of the structure at not less than 15 feet (4572 mm)
above the adjoining grade level and not less than 20 feet
(6096 mm) from any window, ventilation opening or exit.

606.12.2 Toxic and highly toxic refrigerants. Systems
containing toxic or highly toxic refrigerants shall dischai-ge
vapor to the atmosphere only through an approved treat-
ment system in accordance with Section 606.12.4 or a flar-
ing system in accordance with Section 606.12.5.

606.12.3 Ammonia refrigerant. Systems containing
ammonia refrigerant shall discharge vapor to the atmo-
sphere through an approved tteatment system in accordance

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

with Section 606.12.4, a flaring system in accordance with
Section 606.12.5, or through an approved ammonia diffu-
sion system in accordance with Section 606.12.6, or by
other approved means.

Exceptions:

1. Ammonia/water absorption systems containing
less than 22 pounds (10 kg) olF ammonia and for
which the ammonia circuit is located entirely
outdoors.

2. When the fire code official determines, on review
of an engineering analysis prepared in accordance
with Appendix Chapter 1, Section 104.7.2, that a
fire, health or environmental hazard would not re-
sult from discharging ammonia directly to the
atmosphere.

606.12.4 Treatment systems. Treatment systems shall be
designed to reduce the allowable discharge concentration of
the refrigerant gas to not more than 50 percent of the IDLH
at the point of exhaust. Treatment systems shall be in accor-
dance with Chapter 37.

606.12.5 Flaring systems. Flaring systems for incineration
of flammable refrigerants shall be designed to incinerate the
entire discharge. The products of refrigerant incineration
shall not pose health or environmental hazards. Incineration
shall be automatic upon initiation of discharge, shall be
designed to prevent blowback, and shall not expose struc-
tures or materials to threat of fire. Standby fuel, such as LP
gas, and standby power shall have the capacity to operate for
one and one-half the required time for complete incineration
of refrigerant in the system.

606.12.6 Ammonia diffusion systems. Ammonia diffu-
sion systems shall include a tank containing 1 gallon of
water for each pound of ammonia (4 L of water for each 1 kg
of ammonia) that will be released in 1 hour from the largest
relief device connected to the discharge pipe. The water
shall be prevented from freezing. The discharge pipe from
the pressure relief device shall distribute ammonia in the
bottom of the tank, but no lower than 33 feet (10 058 mm)
below the maximum liquid level. The tank shall contain the
volume of water and ammonia without overflowing.

606.13 Discharge location for refrigeration machinery
room ventilation. Exhaust from mechanical ventilation sys-
tems serving refrigeration machinery rooms capable of
exceeding 25 percent of the LFL or 50 percent of the IDLH
shall be equipped with approved ti'eatment systems to reduce
the discharge concentrations of flammable, toxic or highly
toxic refrigerants to those values or lower.

606.14 Notification of refrigerant discharges. The fire code
official shall be notified immediately when a discharge
becomes reportable under state, federal or local regulations in
accordance with Section 2703.3.1.

606.15 Records. A written record shall be kept of refrigerant
quantities brought into and removed from the premises. Such
records shall be available to the fire code official.

606.16 Electrical equipment. Where refrigerants of Groups
A2, A3, B2 and B3, as defined in the California Mechanical

Code, are used, refrigeration machinery rooms shall conform
to the Class I, Division 2 hazardous location classification
requirements of the California Electrical Code.

Exception: Ammonia machinery rooms that are provided
with ventilation in accordance with the California Mechani-
cal Code.

SECTION 607
ELEVATOR RECALL AND MAINTENANCE

607.1 Required. Existing elevators with a travel distance of 25
feet (7620 mm) or more above or below the main floor or other
level of a building and intended to serve the needs of emer-
gency personnel for fire-fighting or rescue purposes shall be
provided with emergency operation in accordance with ASME
A17.3. New elevators shall be provided with Phase I emer-
gency recall operation and Phase II emergency in-car operation
in accordance with ASME A17.1.

[B] 607.2 Emergency signs. An approved pictorial sign of a
standardized design shall be posted adjacent to each elevator
call station on all floors instructing occupants to use the exit
stairways and not to use the elevators in case of fire. The sign
shall read: IN FIRE EMERGENCY, DO NOT USE ELEVA-
TOR. USE EXIT STAIRS. The emergency sign shall not be
required for elevators that are part of an accessible means of
egress complying with Section 1007.4.

607.3 Elevator Iteys. Keys for the elevator car doors and
fire-fighter service keys shall be kept in an approved location
for immediate use by the fire department.

SECTION 608
STATIONARY STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEMS

608.1 Scope. Stationary storage battery systems having an
electrolyte capacity of more than 50 gallons ( 1 89 L) for flooded
lead acid, nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) and valve-regulated lead
acid (VRLA), or 1,000 pounds (454 kg) for lithium-ion, used
for facility standby power, emergency power or uninterrupted
power supplies, shall comply with this section and Table 608 . 1 .

608.2 Safety caps. Safety caps for stationary storage battery
systems shall comply with Sections 608.2.1 and 608.2.2.

608.2.1 Nonrecombinant batteries. Vented lead acid,
nickel-cadmium or other types of nonrecombinant batteries
shall be provided with safety venting caps.

608.2.2 Recombinant batteries. VRLA batteries shall be
equipped with self-resealing flame-arresting safety vents.

608.3 Thermal runaway. VRLA batteiy systems shall be pro-
vided with a listed device or other approved method to pre-
clude, detect and control thermal ranaway.

608.4 Room design and construction. Enclosure of station-
ary battery systems shall comply with the California Building
Code. Battery systems shall be allowed to be in the same room
with the equipment they support.

608.4.1 Separate rooms. When stationary batteries are
installed in a separate equipment room accessible only to

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

TABLE 608.1
BATTERY REQUIREMENTS

REQUIREMENT

NONRECOMBINANT BATTERIES

RECOMBINANT BATTERIES

Flooded Lead Acid
Batteries

Flooded Nickel-Cadmium
(Ni-Cd) Batteries

Valve Regulated Lead Acid
(VRLA) Batteries

Lithium-Ion Batteries

Safety caps

Venting caps
(608.2.1)

Self-resealing

ilame-arresting caps

(608.2.2)

No caps

Thermal runaway management

Not required

Required
(608.3)

Not required

Spill control

Required
(608.5)

Not required

Neutralization

Required
(608.5.1)

Required
(608.5.2)

Not required

Ventilation

Required
(608.6.1; 608.6.2)

Not required

Signage

Required
(608.7)

Seismic protection

Required
(608.8)

Smoke detection

Required
(608.9)

authorized personnel, they shall be permitted to be installed
on an open rack for ease of maintenance.

6,08.4.2 Occupied work centers. When a system of VRLA,
lithium-ion, or other type of sealed, nonventing batteries is
situated in an occupied work center, it shall be allowed to be
housed in a noncombustible cabinet or other enclosure to
prevent access by unauthorized personnel.

608.4.3 Cabinets. When stationary batteries are contained
in cabinets in occupied work centers, the cabinet enclosures
shall be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the equipment
that they support.

608.5 Spill control and neutralization. An approved method
and materials for the control and neutralization of a spill of
electrolyte shall be provided in areas containing lead-acid,
nickel-cadmium or other types of batteries with free-flowing
liquid electrolyte. For purposes of this paragraph, a "spill" is
defined as any unintentional release of electrolyte.

Exception: VRLA, lithium-ion or other types of sealed bat-
teries with immobilized electrolyte shall not require spill
control.

608.5.1 Nonrecombinant battery neutralization. For bat-
tery systems containing lead-acid, nickel-cadmium or other
types of batteries with free-flowing electrolyte, the method
and materials shall be capable of neuti-alizing a spill from
the largest lead-acid battery to a pH between 7.0 and 9.0.

608.5.2 Recombinant battery neutralization. For VRLA
or other types of sealed batteries with immobilized electro-
lyte, the method and material shall be capable of neutraliz-
ing a spill of 3 percent of the capacity of the largest VRLA
cell or block in the room to a pH between 7.0 and 9.0.

Exception: Lithium-ion batteries shall not require neu-
tralization.

608.6 Ventilation. Ventilation of stationary storage battery
systems shall comply with Sections 608.6.1 and 608.6.2.

608.6.1 Room ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in
accordance with the California Mechanical Code and the
following:

1. For flooded lead acid, flooded nickel-cadmium, and
VRLA batteries, the ventilation system shall be de-
signed to limit the maximum concentration of hydro-
gen to 1 percent of the total volume of the room; or

2. Continuous ventilation shall be provided at a rate of
not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per square f oot [ 1
ftVmin/ft2 or 0.0051 mV(s • m^)] of floor area of the
room.

Exception: Lithium-ion batteries shall not require venti-
lation.

608.6.2 Cabinet ventilation. When VRLA batteries are
installed inside a cabinet, the cabinet shall be approved for
use in occupied spaces and shall be mechanically or natu-
rally vented by one of the following methods:

1 . The cabinet ventilation shall limit the maximum con-
centration of hydrogen to 1 percent of the total vol-
ume of the cabinet during the worst-case event of
simultaneous "boost" charging of all the batteries in
the cabinet; or

2. When calculations are not available to substantiate
the ventilation rate, continuous ventilation shall be
provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per min-
ute per square foot [ 1 ftVmin/ft^ or 0.005 1 m^/(s • m^)]
of floor area covered by the cabinet. The room in
which the cabinet is installed shall also be ventilated
as required in Section 608.6.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

608.7 Signage. Signs shall comply with Sections 608.7.1 and
608.7.2.

608.7.1 Equipment room and building signage. Doors
into electrical equipment rooms or buildings containing sta-
tionary battery systems shall be provided with approved
signs. The signs shall state that:

1. The room contains energized battery systems.

2. The room contains energized electrical circuits.

3. The battery electrolyte solutions, where present, are
corrosive liquids.

608.7.2 Cabinet signage. Cabinets shall have exterior
labels that identify the manufacturer and model number of
the system and electrical rating (voltage and current) of the
contained battery system. There shall be signs within the
cabinet that indicate the relevant electrical, chemical and
fire hazards.

608.8 Seismic protection. The battery systems shall be seismi-
cally braced in accordance with the California Building Code.

608.9 Smolce detection. An approved automatic smoke detec-
tion system shall be installed in accordance with Section 907.2
in rooms containing stationary battery systems.

SECTION 609
COMMERCIAL KITCHEN HOODS

[M] 609.1 General. Commercial kitchen exhaust hoods shall
comply with the requirements of the California Mechanical
Code.

[M] 609.2 Where required. A Type I hood shall be installed at
or above all commercial cooking appliances and domestic
cooking appliances used for commercial purposes that produce
grease vapors.

66 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 7 - FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter/
Section

Codes

Table 704.1

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

68 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 7

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 701
GENERAL

701.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall specify the
requirements for and the maintenance of fire-resistance-rated
construction and requirements for enclosing floor openings
and shafts in existing buildings. New construction shall comply
with the California Building Code.

SECTION 702
DEFINITIONS

702.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in
this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings
ascribed to them as defined therein.

SECTION 703
FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

703.1 Maintenance. The requii'ed fire-resistance rating of
fire-resistance-rated consti'uction (including walls, firestops,
shaft enclosures, partitions, smoke barriers, floors, fire-resis-
tive coatings and sprayed fire-resistant materials apphed to
structural members and fire-resistant joint systems) shall be
maintained. Such elements shall be properly repaired, restored
or replaced when dainaged, altered, breached or penetrated.
Openings made therein for the passage of pipes, electrical con-
duit, wii-es, ducts, aii" transfer openings and holes made for any
reason shall be protected with approved methods capable of
resisting the passage of smoke and fire. Openings through
fire-resistance-rated assemblies shall be protected by self- or
automatic-closing doors of approved construction meeting the
fire protection requkements for the assembly.

703.1.1 Fireblocking and draftstopping. Required
fireblocking and draftstopping in combustible concealed
spaces shall be maintained to provide continuity and integ-
rity of the construction.

703.1.2 Smoke barriers. Required smoke barriers shall be
maintained to prevent the passage of smoke and all openings
protected with approved smoke banier doors or smoke
dampers.

703.2 Opening protectives. Opening protectives shall be
maintained in an operative condition in accordance with NFPA
80. Fire doors and smoke barrier doors shall not be blocked or
obsti'ucted or otherwise made inoperable. Fusible links shall be
replaced promptly whenever fused or damaged. Fire door
assemblies shall not be modified.

703.2.1 Signs. Where required by the fire code official, a
sign shall be permanently displayed on or near each fire
door in letters not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high to read as
follows:

1. For doors designed to be kept normally open: FIRE
DOOR-DO NOT BLOCK.

2. For doors designed to be kept normally closed: FIRE
DOOR-KEEP CLOSED.

703.2.2 Hold-open devices and closers. Hold-open
devices and automatic door closers, where provided, shall
be maintained. During the period that such device is out of
service for repairs, the door it operates shall remain in the
closed position.

703.2.3 Door operation. Swinging fire doors shall close
from the full-open position and latch automatically. The
door closer shall exert enough force to close and latch the
door from any partially open position.

703.3 Ceilings. The hanging and displaying of salable goods
and other decorative materials from acoustical ceiling systems
that are part of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceil-
ing assembly, shall be prohibited.

703.4 Testing. Horizontal and vertical sliding and rolling fire
doors shall be inspected and tested annually to confirm proper
operation and full closure. A written record shall be maintained
and be available to the fire code official.

SECTION 704
FLOOR OPENINGS AND SHAFTS

704.1 Enclosure. Interior vertical shafts, including but not lim-
ited to stairways, elevator hoistways, service and utility shafts,
that connect two or more stories of a building shall be enclosed
or protected as specified in Table 704.1.

704.2 Opening protectives. When openings are required to be
protected, opening protectives shall be maintained self-closing
or automatic-closing by smoke detection. Existing fus-
ible-link-type automatic door-closing devices are permitted if
the fusible link rating does not exceed 135°F (57°C).

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 704.1
VERTICAL OPENING PROTECTION REQUIRED

OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

CONDITIONS

PROTECTION REQUIRED

Group I

Vertical openings connecting two or more stories

1-hour protection

All, other than Group I

Vertical openings connecting two stories

No protection required"-''

All, other than Group I

Vertical openings connecting three to five stories

1-hour protection or automatic
sprinklers throughout^''''

All, other than Group I

Vertical openings connecting more than five stories

1 -hour protection"*

All

Mezzanines open to the floor below

No protection required"*

All, other than Group I

Atriums and covered mall buildings

1-hour protection or automatic
sprinklers throughout

All, other than Groups B, / and M

Escalator openings connecting four or less stories in a sprinklered
building. Openings must be protected by a draft curtain and closely
spaced sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 13

No protection required

Group B and M

Escalator openings in a sprinklered building protected by a draft
curtain and closely spaced sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 13

No protection required

a. Vertical opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies.

b. Vertical opening protection is not required for open parking gsrages and ramps.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 8 - INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DBA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended .
sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter/
Section

Codes

Table 803.3

804.1

807.4.2.4

807.4.2.4.1

807.4.5

807.4.5.1

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

72 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTERS

INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

SECTION 801
GENERAL

801.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern inte-
rior finish, interior trim, furniture, furnishings, decorative
materials and decorative vegetation in buildings. Section 803
shall be appUcable to existing buildings. Sections 804 tteough
808 shall be applicable to new and existing buildings.

SECTION 802
DEFINITIONS

802.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in
this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings
ascribed to them as defined therein.

SECTION 803

INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH AND TRIM

IN EXISTING BUILDINGS

803.1 General. The provisions of this section shall limit the
allowable flame spread and smoke development of interior
wall and ceiling finishes and interior wall and ceiUng trim in
existing buildings based on location and occupancy classifica-
tion. Interior wall and ceiling finishes shall be classified in
accordance with Section 803 of the California Building Code.
Such materials shall be grouped in accordance with ASTM E
84, as indicated in Section 803.1.1, or in accordance with
NFPA 286, as indicated in Section 803.1.2.

Exceptions:

1. Materials having a thickness less than 0.036 inch (0.9
min) applied directly to the surface of walls and ceil-
ings.

2. Exposed portions of structural members complying
with the requirements of buildings of Type IV con-
struction in accordance with the California Building
Code shall not be subject to interior finish require-
ments.

803.1.1 Classification in accordance with ASTM E 84.

Interior finish materials shall be grouped in the following
classes in accordance with their flame spread and
smoke-developed index when tested in accordance with
ASTM E 84.

Class A: flame spread index 0-25; smoke-developed
index 0-450.

Class B: flame spread index 26-75; smoke-developed
index 0-450.

Class C: flame spread index 76-200; smoke-developed
index 0-450.

803.1.2 Classification in accordance with NFPA 286.

Interior wall or ceiling finishes, other than textiles, shall be
allowed to be tested in accordance with NFPA 286. Finishes
tested in accordance with NFPA 286 shall comply with Sec-
tion 803.1.2.1. Interior wall and ceiling finish materials,
other than textiles, tested in accordance with NFPA 286 and
meeting the acceptance criteria of Section 803.1.2.1, shall
be allowed to be used where a Class A classification in
accordance with ASTM E 84 is required.

803.1.2.1 Acceptance criteria for interior finish mate-
rials tested to NFPA 286. During the 40 kW exposure,
the interior finish shall comply with Item 1. During the
160 kW exposure, the interior finish shall comply with
Item 2. During the entire test, the interior finish shall
comply with Item 3.

1. During the 40 kW exposure, flames shall not
spread to the ceiling.

2. During the 160 kW exposure, the interior finish
shall comply with the following:

2. 1 . Flame shall not spread to the outer extrem-
ity of the sample on any wall or ceiling.

2.2. Flashover, as defined in NFPA 286, shall
not occur.

3. The total smoke released throughout the NFPA
286 test shall not exceed 1,000 m^.

803.2 Stability. Interior finish materials regulated by this chap-
ter shall be applied or otherwise fastened in such a manner that
such materials will not readily become detached where sub-
jected to room temperatures of 200°F (93°C) for not less than
30 minutes.

803.3 Interior finish requirements based on occupancy.

Interior wall and ceiling finish shall have a flame spread index
not greater than that specified in Table 803.3 for the group and
location designated.

803.4 Fire-retardant coatings. The requu-ed flame spread or
smoke-developed index of surfaces in existing buildings shall
be allowed to be achieved by application of approved fire-retar-
dant coatings, paints or solutions to surfaces having a flame
spread index exceeding that allowed. Such applications shall
comply with NFPA 703 and the required fire-retardant proper-
ties shall be maintained or renewed in accordance with the
manufacturer's insti^uctions.

803.5 Textiles. Where used as interior wall or ceiling finish
materials, textiles, including materials having woven or
nonwoven, napped, tufted, looped or similar surface, shall
comply with the requirements of this section.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

INTERIOR FINISH DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

TABLE 803.3
INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH REQUIREMENTS BY OCCUPANCY''

GROUP

SPRINKLERED'

NONSPRINKLERED"

Exit enclosures and
exit passageways^' ^

Corridors

Rooms and
enclosed spaces^

Exit enclosures and exit
passageways"'''

Corridors

Rooms and
enclosed spaces"

A-1 & A-2

B«

A-3f, A-4, A-5

B, E, M, R-1, R-4

H,L

I-l

1-2, 1-2.1

Bh,i

1-3

1-4

Bh.i

R-2

R-3, R-3.1

No Restrictions

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.

a. Class C interior finisii materials shall be allowed for wainscotting or paneling of not more than 1 ,000 square feet of applied surface area in the grade lobby where
applied directly to a noncombustible base or over furring strips applied to a noncombustible base and fireblocked as required by Section 803.4 of the California
Building Code.

b. In exit enclosures of buildings less than three stories in height of other than Group 1-3, Class B interior finish for nonsprinklered buildings and Class C for
sprinklered buildings shall be permitted.

c. Requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces shall be based upon spaces enclosed by partitions. Where a fire-resistance rating is required for structural elements,
the enclosing partitions shall extend from the floor to the ceiling. Partitions that do not comply with this shall be considered as enclosing spaces and the rooms or
spaces on both sides shall be considered as one. In determining the applicable requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces, the specific occupancy thereof shall be
the governing factor regardless of the group classification of the building or structure.

d. Lobby areas in Group A-1, A-2 and A-3 occupancies shall not be less than Class B materials.

e. Class C interior finish materials shall be allowed in Group A occupancies with an occupant load of 300 persons or less.

f. In places of religious worship, wood used for ornamental purposes, trusses, paneling or chancel furnishing shall be allaved.

g. Class B material is required where the building exceeds two stories.

h. Class C interior finish materials shall be allowed in administrative spaces,
i. Class C interior finish materials shall be allowed in rooms with a capacity of four persons or less,
j. Class B materials shall be allowed as wainscoting extending not more than 48 inches above the finished floor in corridors,
k. Finish materials as provided for in other sections of this code.

1. Applies when the vertical exits, exit passageways, corridors or rooms and spaces are protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

m. [SFM] Not Permitted for Group 1-3.

803.5.1 Textile wall coverings. Textile wall coverings
sliall comply with one of the following:

1 . The coverings shall have a Class A flame spread index
in accordance with ASTM E 84 and be protected by
automatic sprinklers installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2,

2. The covering shall meet the criteria of Section
803.5.1.1 or 803.5.1.2 when tested in the manner in-
tended for use in accordance with NFPA 265 using the
product-mounting system, including adhesive, of ac-
tual use, or

3. The covering shall meet the criteria of Section
803.1.2.1 when tested in accordance with NFPA 286
using the product-mounting system, including adhe-
sive, of actual use.

803.5.1.1 Method A test protocol. During the Method A
protocol, flame shall not spread to the ceUing during the 40
kW exposure. During the 150 kW exposure, the textile wall
covering shall comply with all of the following:

1 . Flame shall not spread to the outer extremity of the
sample on the 8-foot by 12-foot (203 mm by 305
mm) wall.

2. The specimen shall not burn to the outer extremity
of the 2-foot- wide (610 mm) samples mounted in
the comer of the room.

3. Buming droplets deemed capable of igniting tex-
tile wall coverings or that burn for 30 seconds or
more shall not form.

4. Flashover, as defined in NFPA 265, shall not occur.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

INTERIOR FINISH DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

5. The maximum net instantaneous peak heat release
rate, determined by subtracting the burner output
from the maximum heat release rate, does not ex-
ceed 300 kW.

803.5.1.2 Method B test protocol. During the Method B
protocol, ilames shall not spread to the ceiling at any time
during the 40 kW exposure. During the 150 kW expo-
sure, the textile wall covering shall comply with the fol-
lowing:

1. Flame shall not spread to the outer exti'emities of
the samples on the 8-foot by 12-foot (203 mm by
305 mm) walls.

2. Flashover, as defined in NFPA 265 , shall not occur.

803.6 Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings. Expanded
vinyl wall or ceihng coverings shah comply with the require-
ments of either Section 803.6.1 or 803.6.2.

803.6.1 General. Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings
shall comply with the requii-ements of Section 803.1.2.
Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings complying with
Section 803. 1 .2 shall not be required to comply with Section
803.1.1.

803.6.2 Compliance alternative. Expanded vinyl wall or
ceiling coverings shall be allowed to comply with the
requirements for textile wall or ceiling coverings in Section
803.5.

803.7 Foam plastic materials. Foam plastic materials shall
not be used as interior wall and ceiling finish unless specifically
allowed by Section 803.7.1 or 803.7.2. Foam plastic materials
shall not be used as interior tiim unless specifically allowed by
Section 803.7.3.

803.7.1 Combustibility characteristics. Foam plastic
materials shall be allowed on the basis of fire tests that sub-
stantiate their combustibility chai-acteristics for the use
intended under actual fii'e conditions, as indicated in Section
2603.9 of the California Building Code. This section shall
apply both to exposed foam plastics and to foam plastics
used in conjunction with a textile or vinyl facing or cover.

803.7.2 Thermal barrier. Foam plastic material shall be
allowed if it is separated from the interior of the building by
a thermal banier in accordance with Section 2603.4 of the
California Building Code.

803.7.3 Trim. Foam plastic shall be allowed for trim not in
excess of 10 percent of the wall or ceiling area, provided
such trim is not less than 20 pounds per cubic foot (320
kg/m^) in density; is limited to 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in thick-
ness and 8 inches (203 mm) in width, and exhibits a flame
spread index not exceeding 75 when tested in accordance
with ASTM E 84. The smoke-developed index shall not be
limited.

SECTION 804

INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING TRIM IN NEW AND

EXISTING BUILDINGS

804.1 Interior trim. Material, other than foam plastic, used as
interior trim shall have a minimum Class B flame spread and

smoke-developed index in Group 1-3 and for all other occupan-
cies Class C flame spread and smoke-developed index, when
tested in accordance with ASTM E 84, as described in Section
803. 1 . 1 . Combustible trim, excluding handrails and guardrails,
shall not exceed 1 percent of the aggregate wall or ceiling area
in which it is located.

804.2 Foam plastic. Foam plastic used as interior trim shall
comply with Sections 804.2.1 through 804.2.4.

804.2.1 Density. The minimum density of the interior trim
shall be 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m^).

804.2.2 Thickness. The maximum thickness of the interior
trim shall be 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) and the maximum width
shall be 8 inches (203 mm).

804.2.3 Area limitation. The interior trim shall not consti-
tute more than 10 percent of the aggregate wall and ceiling
area of a room or space.

804.2.4 Flame spread. The flame spread index shall not
exceed 75 where tested in accordance with ASTM E 84. The
smoke-developed index shall not be limited.

SECTION 805

UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE AND MATTRESSES IN

NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS

805.1 Group I-l, board and care facilities. The requirements
in Sections 805.1.1 through 805.1.2 shall apply to board and
care facilities classified in Group I-l.

805.1.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly inti'oduced uphol-
stered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections
805.1.1.1 and 805.1.1.2.

805.1.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced
upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by
cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accor-
dance with NFPA 260 and shall meet the requirements of
Class I.

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces
protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system
installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

805.1.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced uphol-
stered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1537 or Cali-
fornia Technical Bulletin 133, as follows:

1 . The peak rate of heat release for the single uphol-
stered furniture item shall not exceed 80 kW.

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or
spaces protected by an approved automatic
sprinlder system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

2. The total energy released by the single upholstered
furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test
shall not exceed 25 megajoules (MJ).

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or
spaces protected by an approved automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

INTERIOR FINISH DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

805.1.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall
bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compli-
ance with the requirements of Sections 805.1.1.1 and
805.1.1.2.

805.1.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall
meet the requirements of Sections 805.1.2.1 through
805.1.2.3.

805.1.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced
mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes
as determined by tests conducted in accordance with
DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not
exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected
by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed
in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

805.1.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mat-
tresses shall have limited rates of heat release when
tested in accordance with ASTM E 1590 or California
Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:

1 . The peak rate of heat release for the single uphol-
stered furniture item shall not exceed 100 kW.

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces pro-
tected by an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.

2. The total energy released by the single upholstered
furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test
shall not exceed 25 MJ.

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces pro-
tected by an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.

805.1.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label
of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the
requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2.

805.2 Group 1-2, nursing homes and hospitals. The require-
ments in Sections 805.2.1 through 805.2.2 shall apply to nurs-
ing homes and hospitals classified in Group 1-2.

805.2.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced uphol-
stered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections
805.2.1.1 through 805.2.1.3.

805.2.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced
upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by
cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accor-
dance with one of the following: (a) mocked-up compos-
ites of the upholstered furniture shall have a char length
not exceeding 1.5 inches (38 mm) when tested in accor-
dance with NFPA 261 or (b) the components of the
upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements for
Class I when tested in accordance with ISfFPA 260.

Exceptions:

1. Upholstered furniture belonging to the patient
in sleeping rooms of nursing homes (Group
1-2), provided that a smoke detector is installed

in such rooms. Battery-powered, single-station
smoke alarms shall be allowed.

2. Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces pro-
tected by an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.

805.2.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced uphol-
stered furniture shall have hmited rates of heat release
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1537 or Cali-
fornia Technical Bulletin 133, as follows:

1 . The peak rate of heat release for the single uphol-
stered furniture item shall not exceed 80 kW.

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or
spaces protected by an approved automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

2. The total energy released by the single upholstered
furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test
shall not exceed 25 MJ.

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or
spaces protected by an approved automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

805.2.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall
bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compU-
ance with the requkements of Sections 805.2.1.1 and
805.2.1.2.

805.2.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall
meet the requkements of Sections 805.2.2.1 through
805.2.2.3.

805.2.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced
mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes
as determined by tests conducted in accordance with
DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not
exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).

805.2.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mat-
tresses shall have limited rates of heat release when
tested in accordance with ASTM E 1590 or California
Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:

1 . The peak rate of heat release for the single mattress
shall not exceed 100 kW.

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces pro-
tected by an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.

2. The total energy released by the single mattress
during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not ex-
ceed 25 MJ.

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces pro-
tected by an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

INTERIOR FINISH DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

805.2.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label
of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the
requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2.

805.3 Group 1-3, detention and correction facilities. The

requirements in Sections 805.3.1 through 805.3.2 shall
apply to detention and correction facilities classified in
Group 1-3.

805.3.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced uphol-
stered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections
805.3.1.1 thi-ough 805.3.1.3

805.3.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced
upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by
cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accor-
dance with one of the following:

1. Mocked-up composites of the upholstered furni-
ture shall have a char length not exceeding 1.5
inches (38 mm) when tested in accordance with
NFPA261,or

2. The components of the upholstered furniture shall
meet the requirements for Class I when tested in
accordance with NFPA 260.

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or
spaces protected by an approved automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

805.3.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced uphol-
stered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1537, as fol-
lows:

1. The peak rate of heat release for the single uphol-
stered furniture item shall not exceed 80 kW.

Exceptions:

1. In Use Condition I, n and HI occupan-
cies, as defined in the California Building
Code, upholstered furniture in rooms or
spaces protected by approved smoke
detectors that initiate, without delay, an
alarm that is audible in that room or
space.

2. Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces
protected by ,an approved automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1.

2. The total energy released by the single upholstered
furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test
shall not exceed 25 MJ.

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or
spaces protected by an approved automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

805.3.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall
bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compli-

ance with the requirements of Sections 805.3.1.1 and
805.3.1.2.

805.3.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall
meet the requirements of Sections 805.3.2.1 through
805.3.2.3.

805.3.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced
mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes
as determined by tests conducted in accordance with
DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not
exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected
by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed
in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

805.3.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mat-
tresses shall have limited rates of heat release when
tested in accordance with ASTM E 1590 or California
Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:

1 . The peak rate of heat release for the single mattress
shall not exceed 100 kW.

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces pro-
tected by an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.

2. The total energy released by the single mattress
during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not ex-
ceed 25 MJ.

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces pro-
tected by an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.

805.3.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label
of an approved agency, confirming comphance with the
requirements of Sections 805.3.2.1 and 805.3.2.2.

SECTION 806

DECORATIVE VEGETATION IN NEW

AND EXISTING BUILDINGS

806.1 Natural cut trees. Natural cut trees, where allowed by
this section, shall have the trunk bottoms cut off at least 0.5 inch
(12.7 mm) above the original cut and shall be placed in a sup-
port device complying with Section 806.1.2.

806.1.1 Restricted occupancies. Natural cut tiees shall be
prohibited in Group A, E, I-l, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, M, R-1, R-2 and
R-4 occupancies.

Exceptions:

1 . Trees located in ai'eas protected by an approved au-
tomatic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 shall not be
prohibited in Groups A, E, M, R-1 and R-2.

2. Trees shall be allowed within dwelling units in
Group R-2 occupancies.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

INTERIOR FINISH DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

806.1.2 Support devices. The support device that holds the
tree in an upright position shall be of a type that is stable and
that meets all of the following criteria:

1 . The device shall hold the tree securely and be of ade-
quate size to avoid tipping over of the tree.

2. The device shall be capable of containing a minimum
two-day supply of water.

3. The water level, when full, shall cover the tree stem at
least 2 inches (5 1 mm). The water level shall be main-
tained above the fresh cut and checked at least once
daily.

806.1.3 Dryness. The tree shall be removed from the build-
ing whenever the needles or leaves fall off readily when a
tree branch is shaken or if the needles are brittle and break
when bent between the thumb and index finger. The tree
shall be checked daily for diyness.

806.2 Artificial vegetation. Artificial decorative vegetation
shall meet the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA
701. Meeting the flame propagation performance criteria of
NFPA 701 shall be documented and certified by the manufac-
turer in an approved manner.

806.3 Obstruction of means of egress. The required width of
any portion of a means of egress shall not be obstructed by dec-
orative vegetation.

806.4 Open flame. Candles and open flames shall not be used
on or near decorative vegetation. Natural cut trees shall be kept
a distance from heat vents and any open flame or heat-produc-
ing devices at least equal to the height of the tree.

806.5 Electrical fixtures and wiring. The use of unlisted elec-
trical wiring and lighting on natural cut trees and artificial dec-
orative vegetation shall be prohibited. The use of electrical
wiring and lighting on artificial trees constructed entirely of
metal shall be prohibited.

SECTION 807

DECORATIVE MATERIALS OTHER THAN

DECORATIVE VEGETATION IN NEW AND EXISTING

BUILDINGS

807.1 General requirements. In occupancies in Groups A, E,
I and R-1 and dormitories in Group R-2, curtains, draperies,
hangings and other decorative materials suspended from walls
or ceilings shall meet the flame propagation performance crite-
ria of NFPA 701 in accordance with Section 806.2 or be
noncombustible.

In Groups I- 1 and 1-2, combustible decorative materials shall
meet the flame propagation criteria of NFPA 701 unless the
decorative materials, including, but not limited to, photographs
and paintings, are of such limited quantities that a hazard of fire
development or spread is not present. In Group 1-3, combusti-
ble decorative materials are prohibited.

Fixed or movable walls and partitions, paneling, wall pads
and crash pads, applied structurally or for decoration, acousti-
cal con-ection, surface insulation or other purposes, shall be
considered interior finish if they cover 10 percent or more of

the wall or of the ceiling area, and shall not be considered deco-
rative materials or furnishings.

In Group B and M occupancies, fabric partitions suspended
from the ceiling and not supported by the floor shall meet the
flame propagation performance criteria in accordance with
Section 807.2 and NFPA 701 or shall be noncombustible.

807.1.1 Noncombustible materials. The peimissible
amount of noncombustible decorative material shall not be
limited.

807.1.2 Combustible decorative materials. The permissi-
ble amount of decorative materials meeting the flame propa-
gation performance criteria of NFPA 701 shall not exceed
10 percent of the aggregate area of walls and ceilings.

Exceptions:

1. In auditoriums in Group A, the permissible
amount of decorative material meeting the flame
propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701
shall not exceed 50 percent of the aggregate area of
walls and ceiling where the building is equipped
throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, and
where the material is installed in accordance with
Section 803.4 of the California Building Code.

2. The amount of fabric partitions suspended from
the ceihng and not supported by the floor in Group
B and M occupancies shall not be limited.

807.2 Acceptance criteria and reports. Where required to be
flame resistant, decorative materials shall be tested by an
approved agency and meet the flame propagation performance
criteria of NFPA 701, or such materials shall be
noncombustible. Reports of test results shall be prepared in
accordance with NFPA 701 and furnished to the fire code offi-
cial upon request.

807.3 Pyroxylin plastic. Imitation leather or other material
consisting of or coated with a pyroxyhn or similarly hazai'dous
base shall not be used in Group A occupancies.

807.4 Occupancy-based requirements. In occupancies in
Group A, E and 1-4 day care facilities, decorative materials
other than decorative vegetation shall comply with Sections
807.4.1 tiirough 807.4.4.2.

807.4.1 General. All of the following requirements shall
apply to all Group A and E occupancies and Group 1-4 day
care facilities regulated by Sections 807.4.2 through
807.4.4:

1. Explosive or highly flammable materials. Furnish-
ings or decorative materials of an explosive or highly
flammable character shall not be used.

2. Fire-retardant coatings. Fire-retardant coatings in ex-
isting buildings shall be maintained so as to retain the
effectiveness of the treatment under service condi-
tions encountered in actual use.

3. Obstructions. Furnishings or other objects shall not
be placed to obstruct exits, access thereto, egress
therefrom or visibility thereof.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

INTERIOR FINISH DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

807.4.2 Group A. The requirements in Sections 807.4.2.1
through 807.4.2.3 shall apply to occupancies in Group A.

807.4.2.1 Foam plastics. Exposed foam plastic materi-
als and unprotected materials containing foam plastic
used for decorative purposes, or stage scenery or exhibit
booths shall have a maximum heat release rate of 100 kW
when tested in accordance with UL 1975.

Exceptions:

1. Individual foam plastic items or items contain-
ing foam plastic where the foam plastic does
not exceed 1 pound (0.45 kg) in weight.

2. Cellular or foam plastic shall be allowed for
trim not in excess of 10 percent of the wall or
ceiling area, provided it is not less than 20
pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m^) in density; is
limited to 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in thickness and 8
inches (204 mm) in width; and compUes with
the requirements for Class B interior wall and
ceiHng ianish, except that the smoke-developed
index shall not be hmited.

807.4.2.2 Motion picture screens. The screens upon
which motion pictures are projected in new and existing
buildings of Group A shall either meet the flame propa-
gation performance criteria of NFPA 701 or shall comply
with the requirements for a Class B interior finish in
accordance with Section 803 of the California Building
Code.

807.4.2.3 Wood use in Group A-3 places of religious
worship. In places of religious worship, wood used for
ornamental purposes, trusses, paneling or chancel fur-
nishing shall be allowed.

807.4.2.4 Motion picture and television production stu-
dio sound stages, approved production facilities and
production locations with live audiences.

807.4.2.4.1 Foam plastics, decorations, textile and
film materials. Foam plastics, textile and film materi-
als and other decorative materials and materials con-
taining foam plastics shall be in accordance with the
following:

1. Exhibit booth construction shall have a maxi-
mum heat-release rate of 100 kilowatts when
tested in accordance with UL 1975.

2. Decorative objects, including but not limited to
mannequins, murals and signs, shall have a
maximum heat-release rate of 150 kilowatts
when tested in accordance with UL 1975.

Exception: When the aggregate area of
murals, signs or similar decorative objects
occupies less than 10 percent of the floor or
wall area, this requirement may be waived
by the Fire Chief

3. Theater, motionpicture and television stage set-
tings with or withouthorizontalprojections and
simulated caves or caverns shall have a maxi-
mum heat-release rate of 100 kilowatts when
tested in accordance with UL 1975.

807.4.3 Group E. The requirements in Sections 807.4.3.1
and 807.4.3.2 shall apply to occupancies in Group E.

807.4.3.1 Storage in corridors and lobbies. Clothing
and personal effects shall not be stored in corridors and
lobbies.

Exceptions:

1. Corridors protected by an approved automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

2. Corridors protected by an approved smoke de-
tection system installed in accordance with
Section 907.

3. Storage in metal lockers, provided the mini-
mum required egress width is maintained.

807.4.3.2 Artwork. Artwork and teaching materials
shall be limited on the walls of corridors to not more than
20 percent of the wall area.

807.4.4 Group 1-4, day care facilities. The requirements in
Sections 807.4.4.1 and 807.4.4.2 shall apply to day care
facilities classified in Group 1-4.

807.4.4.1 Storage in corridors and lobbies. Clothing
and personal effects shall not be stored in corridors and
lobbies.

Exceptions:

1. Corridors protected by an approved automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

2. Corridors protected by an approved smoke de-
tection system installed in accordance with
Section 907.

3. Storage in metal lockers, provided the mini-
mum requured egress width is maintained.

807.4.4.2 Artwork. Artwork and teaching materials
shall be limited on walls of corridors to not more than 20
percent of the wall area.

807.4.5 Group F-1 motionpicture and television produc-
tion studio sound stages, approved production facilities
and production locations without live audiences.

807.4.5.1 Foam plastics, decorations, textile and film
materials. Foam plastics, textile and film materials and
other decorative materials and materials containing
foamplastics shall be in accordance with the following:

1. Exhibit booth construction shall have a maximum
heat-release rate of 100 kilowatts when tested in
accordance with UL 1975.

2. Decorative objects, including but not limited to
mannequins, murals and signs, shall have a maxi-
mum heatrrelease rate of 150 kilowatts when
tested in accordance with UL 1975.

Exception: When the aggregate area of murals,
signs or similar decorative objects occupies
less than 10 percent of the floor or wall area,
this requirement may be waived by the Fire
Chief

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

INTERIOR FINISH DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

3. Theater, motion picture and television stage set-
tings with or without horizontal projections and
simulated caves or caverns shall have a maximum
heat-release rate of 100 kilowatts when tested in
accordance with UL 1975.

SECTION 808

FURNISHINGS OTHER THAN UPHOLSTERED

FURNITURE AND MATTRESSES OR DECORATIVE

MATERIALS IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS

808.1 Wastebaskets in Group 1-3, detention and correction
facilities. Wastebaskets and other waste containers, including
their lids, located in Group 1-3 detention and correction facili-
ties shall be constructed of noncombustible materials or of
materials that meet a peak rate of heat release not exceeding
300 kW/m^ when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1354 at
an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m^ in the horizontal orientation.
Metal wastebaskets and other metal waste containers with a
capacity of 20 gallons (75.7 L) or more shall be listed in accor-
dance with UL 1315 and shall be provided with a
noncombustible hd.

808.2 Signs. Foam plastic signs that are not affixed to interior
building surfaces shall have a maximum heat release rate of
150 kW when tested in accordance with UL 1975.

Exception: Where the aggregate area of foam plastic signs
is less than 10 percent of the floor area or wall area of the
room or space in which the signs are located, whichever is
less, subject to the approval of the fire code official.

80 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 9 - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt oniy those sections that are
listed below

Chapter / Section

Codes

901.6.1

Table 901.6.1

902.1

[B] Fire Appliance

903.2

903.2.2

903.2.2.1

903.2.2.1.1

903.2.2.1.2

903.2.2.1.3

903.2.5

903.2.5.1

903.2.7

Table 903.2.13

903.2.14

903.2.14.1

903.2.14.2

903,2.15

903.2.15.1

903.2.16

903.2.17

903.2.17.1

903.2.17.2

903.2.17.2.1

903.2.17.2.2

903.2.17.2.3

903.2.17.2.4

903.2.17.2.5

,CA

903.2,17.2.6

903.3.1.1.1

903.3,2

903.3.5

903.3.5.2

903,6

904,2.1

904,3.1

904,5

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 9 - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS - (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(annended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

904.6

904.7

904.7.1

904,8

904.9

904.10

904.11

904.11.5

904.11.5.2

904.11.6

905.3

905.3.8

905.3.9

905.3.10

905.3.10.1

905.5

906.1

906.2

907.1.2

907.1.3

907.1.4

907.2

907.2.1.1

907.2.1.3

907.2.3

907.2.3.1

907.2.3.2

907.2.3.3

907.2.3.4

907.2.3.5

907.2.3.6

907.2.3.6.1

907.2.3.7

907.2.3.7.1

907.2.3.7.2

907.2.3.8

907.2.3.8.1

907.2.3.8.2

907.2.3.8.3

907.2.6

907.2.6.1.1

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 9 - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS - (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DBA

OBHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ciiapter

Adopt Entire Ctiapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter / Section

Codes

907.2.6.2

907.2.6.2.1

907.2.6.3.3

907.2.6.3.4

907.2.6.4

907.2.8

907.2.8.4

907.2.10

907.2.10.1.1

907.2.10.1.2

907.2.10.1.4

907.2.10.1.5

907.2.10.2

907.2.10.3

907.2.10,5

907.2.10.5.1

907.2.10.5.2

907.2.10.5.3

907.2.12

907.2.15

907.2.15.1

907.2.15.2

907.2.15.3

907,2.18

907.2.21

907.2.24

907.2.24.1

907.2.24.2

907.2.24.3

907.2.24.4

907.2.25

907.2.25.1

907.2.25.2

907.2.26

907.2.26.1

907.2.26.2

907.2.26.3

907.2.26.4

907.2.26.4.1

907.2.26.4.2

2007 CALIFORNtA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 9 - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS - (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ctiapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections iisted beiow)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed beiow

Chapter /Section

Codes

907.2.27

907.3.1.3

907.3.1.3.1

907.3.1.9

907.3.1.9.1

907.3.1.9.2

907.3.1.10

907.3.1.10.1

907.3.1.10.2

907.3.1.10.3

907.3.1.10.4

907.3.1.10.5

907.3.1.10.6

907.3.1.10.7

907.3.1.10.8

907.3.1.10.9

907.3.1.10.10

907.3.2

907.3.2.1

907.3.2.2

907.3.2.3

907.3.2.4

907.3.2.4.1

907.4.2

907.4.5

907.4.6

907.7

907.9

907.9.1

907.9.2

907.9.3

907.9.4

907.10.1

907.10.1.1

907.10.1.2

IFC

907.10.1.3

IFC

Table 907.10.1.3 with
Note

907.10.1.4

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 9 - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS - (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ctiapter

Adopt Entire Ciiapter as amended
(amended sections iisted beiow)

Adopt only tliose sections tliat are
iisted beiow

Ciiapter/ Section

Codes

907.10.1.5

907.10.2

907.10.2.1

907.11

907.12

907.17

907.20.3

909.5.2

909.16.1

912.3

912.5

912.6

913.5

914.3.1

914.3.6

914.3.6.1

914.3.6.2

914.11

914.11.1

914.11.2

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

86 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 9

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

SECTION 901
GENERAL

901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall specify where
fire protection systems are required and shall apply to the
design, installation, inspection, operation, testing and mainte-
nance of all fire protection systems.

901.2 Construction documents. The fue code official shall
have the authority to require construction documents and cal-
culations for all fire protection systems and to require permits
be issued for the installation, rehabilitation or modification of
any fire protection system. Construction documents for fire
protection systems shall be submitted for review and approval
prior to system installation.

901.2.1 Statement of compliance. Before requesting final
approval of the installation, where required by the fire code
official, the installing conti-actor shall furnish a written
statement to the fire code official that the subject fire protec-
tion system has been installed in accordance with approved
plans and has been tested in accordance with the manufac-
turer's specifications and the appropriate installation stan-
dai-d. Any deviations from the design standards shall be
noted and copies of the approvals for such deviations shall
be attached to the written statement.

901.3 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Appen-
dix Chapter 1, Section 105.6 and 105.7.

901.4 Installation. Fire protection systems shall be maintained
in accordance with the original installation standai'ds for that
system. Required systems shall be extended, altered, or aug-
mented as necessaiy to maintain and continue protection
whenever the building is altered, remodeled or added to. Alter-
ations to fire protection systems shall be done in accordance
with applicable standai'ds.

901.4.1 Required fire protection systems. Fue protection
systems required by this code or the California Building
Code shall be installed, repaired, operated, tested and main-
tained in accordance with this code.

901.4.2 Nonrequired fire protection systems. Any fue

protection system or portion thereof not required by this
code or the California Building Code shall be allowed to be
furnished for partial or complete protection provided such
installed system meets the requirements of this code and the
California Building Code.

901.4.3 Additional fire protection systems. In occupan-
cies of a hazai-dous nature, where special hazai-ds exist in
addition to the normal hazards of the occupancy, or where
the fire code official determines that access for fire appara-
tus is unduly difficult, the fu-e code official shall have the
authority to require additional safeguards. Such safeguards
include, but shall not be limited to, the following: automatic
fire detection systems, fii^e alai'm systems, automatic
fire-extinguishing systems, standpipe systems, or portable
or fixed extinguishers. Fire protection equipment requii-ed

under this section shall be installed in accordance with this
code and the applicable referenced standards.

901.4.4 Appearance of equipment. Any device that has the
physical appearance of life safety or fire protection equip-
ment but that does not perform that life safety or fire protec-
tion function, shall be prohibited.

901.5 Installation acceptance testing. Fire detection and
alarm systems, fire-extinguishing systems, fire hydrant sys-
tems, fire standpipe systems, fire pump systems, private fii'e
service mains and all other fire protection systems and appurte-
nances thereto shall be subject to acceptance tests as contained
in the installation standai-ds and as approved by the fii-e code
official. The frre code official shall be notified before any
required acceptance testing.

901.5.1 Occupancy. It shall be unlawful to occupy any por-
tion of a building or stiiicture until the required fire detec-
tion, alarm and suppression systems have been tested and
approved.

901.6 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Fire detection,
alarm and extinguishing systems shall be maintained in an
operative condition at all times, and shall be replaced or
repaked where defective. Nonrequired fire protection systems
and equipment shall be inspected, tested and maintained or
removed.

901.6.1 Standards. Fire protection systems shall be
inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the ref-
erenced standards listed in Table 901.6.1 and Chapters 3
and 5, Title 19 California Code of Regulations.

TABLE 901.6.1
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE STANDARDS

SYSTEM

STANDARD

Portable fire extinguishers

Title 19, California Code of
Regulations, Chapter 3

Cai'bon dioxide fire-extinguishing
system

NFPA12

Halon 1301 fire-extinguishing
systems

NFPA 12A

Dry-chemical extinguishing
systems

NFPA17

Wet-chemical extinguishing
systems

NFPA 17A

Water-based fire protection
systems

Title 19, California Code of
Regulations, Chapter 5

Fire alarm systems

NFPA 72 as amended in
Chapter 45

Water-mist systems

NFPA 750

Clean-agent extinguishing
systems

NFPA 2001

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

901.6.2 Records. Records of all system inspections, tests
and maintenance required by the referenced standards shall
be maintained on the premises for a minimum of three years
and shall be copied to the fire code official upon request.

901.6.2.1 Records information. Initial records shall
include the name of the installation contractor, type of
components installed, manufacturer of the components,
location and number of components installed per floor.
Records shall also include the manufacturers' operation
and maintenance instruction manuals. Such records shall
be maintained on the premises.

901.7 Systems out of service. Where a required fire protection
system is out of service, the fire department and the fire code
official shall be notified immediately and, where required by
the fire code official, the building shall either be evacuated or
an approved fire watch shall be provided for all occupants left
unprotected by the shut down until the fire protection system
has been returned to service.

Where utihzed, fire watches shall be provided with at least
one approved means for notification of the fire department and
their only duty shall be to perform constant patrols of the pro-
tected premises and keep watch for fires.

901.7.1 Impairment coordinator. The building owner
shall assign an impairment coordinator to comply with the
requirements of this section. In the absence of a specific
designee, the owner shall be considered the impairment
coordinator.

901.7.2 Tag required. A tag shall be used to indicate that a
system, or portion thereof, has been removed from service.

901.7.3 Placement of tag. The tag shall be posted at each
fire department connection, system control valve, fire alarm
control unit, fire alarm annunciator and fure command cen-
ter, indicating which system, or part thereof, has been
removed from service. The fire code official shall specify
where the tag is to be placed.

901.7.4 Preplanned impairment programs. Preplanned
impairments shall be authorized by the impairment coordi-
nator. Before authorization is given, a designated individual
shall be responsible for verifying that all of the following
procedures have been implemented:

1. The extent and expected duration of the impairment
have been determined.

2. The areas or buildings involved have been inspected
and the increased risks determined.

3. Recommendations have been submitted to manage-
ment or building owner/manager.

4. The fire department has been notified.

5. The insurance carrier, the alarm company, building
owner/managpr, and other authorities having jurisdic-
tion have been notified.

6. The supervisors in the areas to be affected have been
notified.

7. A tag impairment system has been implemented.

8. Necessary tools and materials have been assembled
on the impairment site.

901.7.5 Emergency impairments. When unplanned
impairments occur, appropriate emergency action shall be
taken to minimize potential injury and damage. The impair-
ment coordinator shall implement the steps outUned in Sec-
tion 901.7.4.

901.7.6 Restoring systems to service. When impaired
equipment is restored to normal working order, the impair-
ment coordinator shall verify that all of the following proce-
dures have been implemented:

1 . Necessary inspections and tests have been conducted
to verify that affected systems are operational.

2. Supervisors have been advised that protection is re-
stored.

3. The fire department has been advised that protection
is restored.

4. The building owner/manager, insurance carrier, alarm
company and other involved parties have been ad-
vised that protection is restored.

5. The impairment tag has been removed.

901.8 Removal of or tampering with equipment. It shall be
unlawful for any person to remove, tamper with or otherwise
disturb any fire hydrant, fire detection and alarm system, fire
suppression system, or other fire appliance required by this
code except for the purpose of extinguishing fire, training pur-
poses, recharging or making necessary repairs, or when
approved by the fire code official.

901.8.1 Removal of or tampering vdth appurtenances.

Locks, gates, doors, barricades, chains, enclosures, signs,
tags or seals which have been installed by or at the direction
of the fire code official shall not be removed, unlocked,
destroyed, tampered with or otherwise vandahzed in any
manner.

901.9 Recall of fire protection components. Any fire protec-
tion system component regulated by this code that is the subject
of a voluntary or mandatory recall under federal law shall be
replaced with approved, listed components in compUance with
the referenced standards of this code. The fire code official
shall be notified in writing by the building owner when the
recalled component parts have been replaced.

SECTION 902
DEFINITIONS

902.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the
puiposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A fiie alarm sys-
tem component such as a bell, horn, speaker, light, or text dis-
play that provides audible, tactile, or visible outputs, or any
combination thereof.

ALARM SIGNAL. A signal indicating an emergency requir-
ing immediate action, such as a signal indicative of fire.

ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE. A feature of auto-
matic fire detection and alarm systems to reduce unwanted
alai-ms wherein smoke detectors report alarm conditions for a
minimum period of time, or confirm alai-m conditions within a

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

given time period, after being automatically reset, in order to be
accepted as a valid alarm-initiation signal.

ANNUNCIATOR. A unit containing one or more indicator
lamps, alphanumeric displays, or other equivalent means in
which each indication provides status information about a cir-
cuit, condition or location.

AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A

notification appliance that alerts by the sense of hearing.

AUTOMATIC. As applied to fire protection devices, is a
device or system providing an emergency function without the
necessity for human intervention and activated as a result of a
predetermined temperature rise, rate of temperature rise, or
combustion products.

AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. An

approved system of devices and equipment which automati-
cally detects a fue and dischai-ges an approved fire-extinguish-
ing agent onto or in the ai-ea of a fire.

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. A sprinkler system,
for fire protection purposes, is an integrated system of under-
ground and overhead piping designed in accordance with fire
protection engineering standards. The system includes a suit-
able water supply. The portion of the system above the ground
is a network of specially sized or hydraulically designed piping
installed in a structure or area, generally overhead, and to
which automatic sprinklers are connected in a systematic pat-
tern. The system is usually activated by heat from a fire and dis-
charges water over the fire area.

AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. The root mean
square, A-weighted sound pressure level measured over a
24-hour period.

CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A sys-
tem supplying carbon dioxide (COj) from a pressurized vessel
through fixed pipes and nozzles. The system includes a man-
ual- or automatic-actuating mechanism.

CLEAN AGENT. Electrically nonconducting, volatile, or
gaseous fire extinguishant that does not leave a residue upon
evaporation.

CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION. A designated
location at a facility staffed by trained personnel on a continu-
ous basis where alai"m or supervisory signals ai^e monitored and
facilities ai'e provided for notification of the fire department or
other emergency services.

DELUGE SYSTEM. A sprinkler system employing open
sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a water sup-
ply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detec-
tion system installed in the same area as the sprinklers. When
this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and dis-
chai'ges from all sprinklers attached thereto.

DETECTOR, HEAT. A fire detector that senses heat pro-
duced by burning substances. Heat is the energy produced by
combustion that causes substances to rise in temperature.

DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. A powder
composed of small particles, usually of sodium bicarbonate,
potassium bicarbonate, urea-potassium-based bicarbonate,
potassium chloride or monoammonium phosphate, with added

particulate material supplemented by special treatment to pro-
vide resistance to packing, resistance to moisture absorption
(caking) and the proper flow capabilities.

EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. A system to provide
indication and warning of emergency situations involving haz-
ardous materials.

EMERGENCY VOICE/ALARM COMMUNICATIONS.

Dedicated manual or automatic facilities for originating and
distributing voice instructions, as well as alert and evacuation
signals pertaining to a fii'e emergency, to the occupants of a
building.

FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. See "Manual fire alarm
box."

FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT. A system component that
receives inputs from automatic and manual fire alai-m devices
and is capable of supplying power to detection devices and
transponder(s) of off-premises transmitter(s). The control unit
is capable of providing a transfer of power to the notification
appliances and transfer of condition to relays of devices.

FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. A signal initiated by a fire
alarm-initiating device such as a manual fire alarm box, auto-
matic fire detector, water-flow switch, or other device whose
activation is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. A system or portion of a combina-
tion system consisting of components and circuits arranged to
monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory
signal-initiating devices and to initiate the appropriate
response to those signals.

FIRE APPLIANCE. Apparatus or equipment provided or
installed for use in the event of an emergency.

[B] FIRE AREA. The aggregate floor area enclosed and
bounded by fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls, or fire-resis-
tance-rated horizontal assemblies of a building.

FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. A device designed to
detect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate action.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Approved devices, equip-
ment and systems or combinations of systems used to detect a
fire, activate an alarm, extinguish or control a fire, control or
manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination
thereof

FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. Building and fire control
functions that are intended to increase the level of life safety for
occupants or to control the spread of the harmful effects of fire.

FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A special system dis-
charging a foam made from concentrates, either mechanically
or chemically, over the area to be protected.

HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A

fire-extinguishing system using one or more atoms of an ele-
ment from the halogen chemical series: fluorine, chlorine, bro-
mine and iodine.

IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR. The person responsible
for the maintenance of a particular fire protection system.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

INITIATING DEVICE. A system component that originates
transmission of a change-of-state condition, such as in a smoke
detector, manual fire alarm box, or supervisory switch.

MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX. A manually operated device
used to initiate an alarm signal.

MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. Two or more
single-station alarm devices that can be interconnected such
that actuation of one causes all integral or separate audible
alarms to operate. It also can consist of one single-station alarm
device having connections to other detectors or to a manual fire
alarm box.

MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. Two or more
single-station alarm devices that are capable of interconnection
such that actuation of one causes all integral or separate audible
alarms to operate.

NUISANCE ALARM. An alarm caused by mechanical fail-
ure, malfunction, improper installation, or lack of proper main-
tenance, or an alarm activated by a cause that cannot be
determined.

RECORD DRAWINGS. Drawings ("as builts") that docu-
ment the location of all devices, appliances, wiring, sequences,
wiring methods, and connections of the components of a fire
alarm system as installed.

SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. An assembly incor-
porating the detector, the control equipment, and the
alarm-sounding device in one unit, operated from a power sup-
ply either in the unit or obtained at the point of installation.

[B] SLEEPING UNIT. A room or space in which people
sleep, which can also include permanent provisions for living,
eating, and either sanitation or kitchen facilities but not both.
Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are
not sleeping units.

SMOKE ALARM. A single- or multiple-station alarm
responsive to smoke and not connected to a system.

SMOKE DETECTOR. A listed device that senses visible or
invisible particles of combustion.

STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OE Standpipe classes
are as follows:

Class I system. A system providing IVj-inch (64 mm) hose
connections to supply water for use by fire departments and
those trained in handling heavy fure streams.

Class II system. A system providing IVj-inch (38 mm)
hose stations to supply water for use primarily by the build-
ing occupants or by the fire department during initial
response.

Class ni system. A system providing IVj-inch (38 mm)
hose stations to supply water for use by building occupants
and 2'/2-inch (64 mm) hose connections to supply a larger
volume of water for use by fibre departments and those
trained in handling heavy fire streams.

STANDPIPE, TYPES OF. Standpipe types are as follows:

Automatic dry. A dry standpipe system, normally filled
with pressurized air, that is arranged through the use of a
device, such as a dry pipe valve, to admit water into the sys-

tem piping automatically upon the opening of a hose valve.
The water supply for an automatic diy standpipe system
shall be capable of supplying the system demand.

Automatic wet. A wet standpipe system that has a water
supply that is capable of supplying the system demand auto-
matically.

Manual dry. A dry standpipe system that does not have a
permanent water supply attached to the system. Manual di-y
standpipe systems require water from a &e department
pumper to be pumped into the system through the fire
department connection in order to supply the system
demand.

Manual wet. A wet standpipe system connected to a water
supply for the purpose of maintaining water within the sys-
tem but which does not have a water supply capable of deliv-
ering the system demand attached to the system. Manual
wet standpipe systems require water from a fire department
pumper (or the like) to be pumped into the system in order to
supply the system demand.

Semiautomatic dry. A dry standpipe system that is
arranged through the use of a device, such as a deluge valve,
to admit water into the system piping upon activation of a
remote control device located at a hose connection. A
remote control activation device shall be provided at each
hose connection. The water supply for a semiautomatic dry
standpipe system shall be capable of supplying the system
demand.

SUPERVISING STATION. A facility that receives signals
and at which personnel are in attendance at all times to respond
to these signals.

SUPERVISORY SERVICE. The service required to monitor
performance of guard tours and the operative condition of fixed
suppression systems or other systems for the protection of life
and property.

SUPERVISORY SIGNAL. A signal indicating the need of
action in connection with the supervision of guard tours, the
fire suppression systems or equipment, or the maintenance fea-
tures of related systems.

SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE. An ini-
tiating device such as a valve supervisory switch, water level
indicator, or low-air pressure switch on a dry-pipe sprinkler
system whose change of state signals an off-normal condition
and its restoration to normal of a fu:e protection or life safety
system; or a need for action in connection with guard tours, fne
suppression systems or equipment, or maintenance features of
related systems.

TIRES, BULK STORAGE OF. Storage of tires where the
area available for storage exceeds 20,000 cubic feet (566 m^).

TROUBLE SIGNAL. A signal initiated by the fire alarm sys-
tem or device indicative of a fault in a monitored circuit or com-
ponent.

VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A

notification appliance that alerts by the sense of sight.

WET-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. A solu-
tion of water and potassium-carbonate-based chemical, potas-

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

sium-acetate-based chemical or a combination thereof,
forming an extinguishing agent.

WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM. A system or a part
of a system that can transmit and receive signals without the aid
of wire.

ZONE. A defined area within the protected premises. A zone
can define an area from which a signal can be received, an area
to which a signal can be sent, or an area in which a form of con-
trol can be executed.

SECTION 903
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

903.1 General. Automatic sprinkler systems shall comply
with this section.

903.1.1 Alternative protection. Alternative automatic
fire-extinguishing systems complying with Section 904
shall be permitted in lieu of automatic sprinkler protection
where recognized by the applicable standard and approved
by the fire code official.

903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tems in new buildings and structures shall be provided in the
locations described in this section.

Exceptions:

1. Spaces or areas in telecommunications buildings used
exclusively for telecommunications equipment, asso-
ciated electrical power distribution equipment, batter-
ies and standby engines, provided those spaces or
areas ai-e equipped throughout with an automatic fne
alarm system and are sepai'ated from the remainder of
the building by fire barriers consisting of not less than
1-hour fire-resistance-rated walls and 2-hour fire-re-
sistance-rated floor/ceiling assemblies.

2. Automatic fire sprinkler protection for fixed guideway
transit systems shall be as per Section 903.2.17.

903.2.1 Group A. An automatic sprinkler system shall be
provided throughout buildings and portions thereof used as
Group A occupancies as provided in this section. For Group
A-1, A-2, A-3, and A-4 occupancies, the automatic sprin-
kler system shall be provided throughout the floor area
where the Group A-1, A-2, A-3 or A-4 occupancy is
located, and in all floors between the Group A occupancy
and the level of exit discharge. For Group A-5 occupancies,
the automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in the
spaces indicated in Section 903.2.1.5.

903.2.1.1 Group A-1. An automatic sprinkler system
shall be provided for Group A-1 occupancies where one
of the following conditions exists:

1. The fire area exceeds 12,000 squai-e feet (1115
m^); ■

2. The fii-e area has an occupant load of 300 or more;

3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the
level of exit discharge; or

4. The fire area contains a multitheater complex.

903.2.1.2 Group A-2. An automatic sprinkler system
shall be provided for Group A-2 occupancies where one
of the following conditions exists:

1. The fire area exceeds 5,000 square feet (465 m^);

2. The fire ai'ea has an occupant load of 100 or more;
or

3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the
level of exit discharge.

903.2.1.3 Group A-3. An automatic sprinkler system
shall be provided for Group A-3 occupancies where one
of the following conditions exists:

1. The fu:e area exceeds 12,000 square feet (1115

2. The fure area has an occupant load of 300 or more;
or

3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the
level of exit discharge.

Exception: Areas used exclusively as participant
sports areas where the main floor area is located at
the same level as the level of exit dischai^ge of the
main entrance and exit.

903.2.1.4 Group A-4. An automatic sprinkler system
shall be provided for Group A-4 occupancies where one
of the following conditions exists:

1. The fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet (1115
m2);

2. The fire area has an occupant load of 300 or more;
or

3. The fire area is located on a floor other than the
level of exit discharge.

Exception: Areas used exclusively as participant
sports areas where the main floor area is located at
the same level as the level of exit discharge of the
main entrance and exit.

903.2.1.5 Group A-5. An automatic sprinkler system
shall be provided for Group A-5 occupancies in the fol-
lowing areas: concession stands, retail areas, press
boxes, and other accessory use ai^eas in excess of 1,000
squai'e feet (93 m^).

903.2.2 Group E. Except as provided for in Sections
903.2.2.1 for a new public school campus and 907.2.3.6.1
(fire alarm and detection) for modernization of an existing
public school campus building(s), an automatic sprinkler
system shall be provided for Group E occupancies as fol-
lows:

1 . Thi-oughout all Group E fke areas greater than 20,000
square feet (1858 m^) in area.

2. Throughout every portion of educational buildings
below the level of exit discharge.

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system is not
required in any fire area or area below the level of
exit discharge where every classroom tliroughout

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

the building has at least one exterior exit door at
ground level.

3. In rooms or areas with special hazards such as labo-
ratories, vocational shops and other such areas
where hazardous materials in exempt amounts are
used or stored.

903.2.2.1 Public schools — automatic sprinkler system
requirements.

903.2.2.1.1 New public school campus. A State Fire
Marshal approved automatic sprinkler system shall
be provided on all new public school campus as
defined in section 202 and maintained in accordance
with this code and Chapter 45. See Section 907.2.3.6
for automatic detection requirements and "ceil-
ing-plenum" spaces.

903.2.2.1.2 Permanent portable buildings. A porta-
ble building that is used to serve or house students
and is certified, as a permanent building on a new
public school campus by the public school adminis-
tration shall comply with the requirements of Section
903.2.2.1.1.

903.2.2.1.3 Fire-resistive substitution for new cam-
pus. A new public school campus as defined in Section
202 fhall be entitled to include in the design and con-
struction documents all of the applicable fire-resistive
construction substitutions as permitted by the Cali-
fornia Building Code.

903.2.3 Group F-1. An automatic sprinlder system shall be
provided throughout all buildings containing a Group F-1
occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:

1. Where a Group F-1 fire area exceeds 12,000 square
feet (11 15 m2);

2. Where a Group F- 1 fire area is located more than three
stories above grade plane; or

3. Where the combined area of all Group F-1 fire areas
on all floors, including any mezzanines, exceeds
24,000 square feet (2230 m^).

903.2.3.1 Woodworking operations. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all Group
F-1 occupancy fire areas that contain woodworking
operations in excess of 2,500 square feet in area (232 m^)
which generate finely divided combustible waste or
which use finely divided combustible materials.

903.2.4 Group H. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be
provided in high-hazard occupancies as required in Sec-
tions 903.2.4.1 through 903.2.4.3.

903.2.4.1 General. An automatic sprinkler system shall
be installed in Group H occupancies.

903.2.4.2 Group H-5 occupancies. An automatic sprin-
kler system shall be installed throughout buildings con-
taining Group H-5 occupancies. The design of the
sprinkler system shall not be less than that required under
the California Building Code for the occupancy hazard
classifications in accordance with Table 903.2.4.2.

Where the design area of the sprinkler system consists
of a corridor protected by one row of sprinklers, the maxi-
mum number of sprinklers required to be calculated is 13.

TABLE 903.2.4.2
GROUP H-5 SPRINKLER DESIGN CRITERIA

LOCATION

OCCUPANCY HAZARD
CLASSIFICATION

Fabrication areas

Ordinary Hazard Group 2

Service corridors

Ordinary Hazard Group 2

Storage rooms without dispensing

Ordinary Hazard Group 2

Storage rooms with dispensing

Extra Hazard Group 2

Corridors

Ordinary Hazard Group 2

903.2.4.3 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprinkler
system shall be provided in buildings, or portions
thereof, where cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics
are manufactured, stored or handled in quantities
exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg).

903.2.5 Group I. An automatic sprinkler system shall be
provided throughout buildings with a Group I fire area.

Exceptions:

1. Those areas exempted by Section 407.5 of the Cali-
fornia Building Code.

2. When not used in accordance with Section 504.2
or 506.3 of the California Building Code, an auto-
matic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.2 shall be allowed in Group
I-l occupancies.

3. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13113, Group 1-1 occupancies housing ambula-
tory children only, none of whom are mentally ill or
mentally retarded, and the buildings or portions
thereof in which such children are housed are not
more than two stories in height, and buildings or
portions thereof housing such children shall have
an automatic fire alarm system activated by ap-
proved smoke detectors.

4. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13113
(d), Group 1-1 occupancies, or any alterations
thereto, located in Type lA construction in exis-
tence on March 4, 1972.

An automatic sprinkler system designed in accordance
with Section 903. 3.1.3 shall not be utilized in Group 1-1 .

903.2.5.1 Group 1-3. Every building, or portion thereof,
where inmates are restrained shall be protected by an
automatic sprinkler system conforming to NFPA 13. The
main sprinkler control valve or valves and all other con-
trol valves in the system shall be locked in the open posi-
tion and electrically supervised so that at least an
audible and visual alarm will sound at a constantly
attended location when valves are closed. The sprinkler
branch piping serving cells may be embedded in the con-
crete construction.

Exception: Sprinklers are not required in cells hous-
ing two or fewer inmates and the building shall be

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

considered sprinklered throughout when all the fol-
lowing criteria are met:

1. Automatic fire sprinklers shall be mounted out-
side the cell a minimum of 6 feet (1829 mm) on
center and 12 inches (305 mm) from the wall
with quick response sprinkler heads. Where
spacing permits, the head shall be centered
over the cell door opening.

2. The maximum amount of combustibles, exclud-
ing linen and clothing, shall be maintained at
three pounds per inmate.

3. For local detention facilities, each individual
housing cell shall be provided with a two-way
inmate or sound-actuated audio monitoring
system for communication directly to the con-
trol station serving the cell(s).

4. The provisions of the exception in Section
804.4.2 of the California Building Code shall
not apply.

903.2.6 Group M. An automatic sprinkler system shall be
provided throughout buildings containing a Group M occu-
pancy where one of the following conditions exists:

1 . Where a Group M fire area exceeds 1 2,000 square feet
(1115 m2);

2. Where a Group M fne area is located more than three
stories above grade plane; or

3. Where the combined area of all Group M fire areas on
all floors, including any mezzanines, exceeds 24,000
square feet (2230 m^).

903.2.6.1 High-piled storage. An automatic sprinkler
system shall be provided as required in Chapter 23 in all
buildings of Group M where storage of merchandise is in
high-piled or rack storage aixays.

903.2.7 Group R. An automatic sprinkler system installed
in accordance with Section 903.3 shall be provided through-
out all buildings with a Group R fke area.

Exceptions:

1. Detached one- and two-family dwellings and mul-
tiple single-family dwellings (town houses) not
more than three stories above grade plane in
height with a separate means of egress, unless spe-
cifically required by other sections of this code or
classified as Group R-4.

2. Group U private garages accessory to a Group R-3
occupancy.

3. Group R-3.1 occupancies not housing bedridden
' clients, not housing nonambulatory clients above

the first floor, and not housing clients above the
secondfloor.

4. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13113, occupancies housing ambulatory children
only, none of whom are mentally ill or mentally re-
tarded, and the buildings or portions thereof in
which such children are housed are not more than
two stories in height, and buildings or portions

thereof housing such children have an automatic
fire alarm system activated by approved smoke de-
tectors.

5. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13143.6, occupancies licensed for protective so-
cial care which house ambulatory clients only,
none of whom is a child (under the age of 18 years),
or who is elderly (65 years of age or over).

An automatic sprinkler system designed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.3 shall not be utilized in Group R-4.

903.2.8 Group S-1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be
provided throughout all buildings containing a Group S-1
occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:

1. A Group S-1 fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet
(1115 m^);

2. A Group S-1 fire area is located more than three sto-
ries above grade plane; or

3. The combined area of all Group S-1 fire areas on all
floors, including any mezzanines, exceeds 24,000
square feet (2230 m^).

903.2.8.1 Repair garages. An automatic sprinkler sys-
tem shall be provided throughout all building's used as
repair garages in accordance with the California Build-
ing Code, as follows:

1. Buildings two or more stories in height, including
basements, with a fire area containing a repair ga-
rage exceeding 10,000 square feet (929 m^).

2. One-story buildings with a fire area containing a
repair garage exceeding 12,000 square feet (1115
m2).

3. Buildings with a repair gai'age servicing vehicles
parked in the basement.

903.2.8.2 Bullc storage of tires. Buildings and structures
where the area for the storage of tires exceeds 20,000
cubic feet (566 m^) shall be equipped thi'oughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.

903.2.9 Group S-2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be
provided thi^oughout buildings classified as enclosed park-
ing garages in accordance with Section 406.4 of the Califor-
nia Building Code or where located beneath other groups.

Exception: Enclosed pai'king gai-ages located beneath
Group R-3 occupancies.

903.2.9.1 Commercial parking garages. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be provided tteoughout buildings
used for storage of commercial trucks or buses where the
fire area exceeds 5,000 squai-e feet (464 m^).

903.2.10 Windowless stories in all occupancies. An auto-
matic sprinkler system shall be installed in the locations set
forth in Sections 903.2.10.1 through 903.2.10.1.3.

Exception: Group R-3 and Group U.

903.2.10.1 Stories and basements without openings.

An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in every
story or basement of all buildings where the floor area

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

exceeds 1,500 square feet (139.4 m^) and where there is
not provided at least one of the following types of exte-
rior wall openings:

1. Openings below grade that lead directly to ground
level by an exterior stairway complying with Sec-
tion 1009 or an outside ramp complying with Sec-
tion 1010. Openings shall be located in each 50
linear feet(15 240 mm), or fraction thereof , of ex-
terior wall in the story on at least one side.

2. Openings entirely above the adjoining ground
level totaling at least 20 square feet (1.86 m^) in
each 50 linear feet (15 240 mm), or fraction
thereof, of exterior wall in the story on at least one
side.

903.2.10.1.1 Opening dimensions and access.

Openings shall have a minimum dimension of not less
than 30 inches (762 nam). Such openings shall be
accessible to the fire department from the exterior and
shall not be obstructed in a manner that fire fighting or
rescue cannot be accomplished from the exterior.

903.2.10.1.2 Openings on one side only. Where
openings in a stoiy are provided on only one side and
the opposite wall of such story is more than 75 feet (22
860 mm) from such openings, the stoiy shall be
equipped throughout with an approved automatic
sprinkler system or openings as specified above shall
be provided on at least two sides of the story.

903.2.10.1.3 Basements. Where any portion of a
basement is located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm)
from openings required by Section 903.2.10.1, the
basement shall be equipped throughout with an
approved automatic sprinkler system.

903.2.10.2 Rubbisli and linen chutes. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be installed at the top of rubbish
and linen chutes and in their terminal rooms. Chutes
extending through tluree or more floors shall have addi-
tional sprinkler heads installed within such chutes at
alternate floors. Chute sprinklers shall be accessible for
servicing.

903.2.10.3 Buildings 55 feet or more in lieight. An

automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout
buildings with a floor level having an occupant load of 30
or more that is located 55 feet (16 764 mm) or more
above the lowest level of fke department vehicle access.

Exceptions:

1. Airport control towers.

2. Open parking structures.

3. Occupancies in Group F-2.

903.2.11 During construction. Automatic sprinkler sys-
tems required during construction, alteration and demoli-
tion operations shall be provided in accordance with Section
1413.

903.2.12 Other hazards. Automatic sprinkler protection
shall be provided for the hazards indicated in Sections
903.2.12.1 and 903.2.12.2.

903.2.12.1 Ducts conveying hazardous exhausts.

Where required by the California Mechanical Code,
automatic sprinklers shall be provided in ducts convey-
ing hazardous exhaust, flammable or combustible mate-
rials.

Exception: Ducts where the largest cross-sectional
diameter of the duct is less than 10 inches (254
mm).

903.2.12.2 Commercial cooking operations. An auto-
matic sprinkler system shall be installed in a commercial
kitchen exhaust hood and duct system where an auto-
matic sprinkler system is used to comply with Section
904.

903.2.13 Other required suppression systems. In addition
to the requirements of Section 903.2, the provisions indi-
cated in Table 903 .2. 1 3 also require the installation of a sup-
pression system for certain buildings and areas.

903.2.14 Motion picture and television production studio
sound stages, approved production facitities and produc-
tion locations.

903.2.14.1 Existing sound stages and approvedproduc-
tion facilities. All existing sound stages and approved
production facilities equipped with an automatic fire
sprinkler system shall be maintained in accordance with
the provisions of California Fire Code Chapter 9.

903.2.14.2 New sound stages. All new sound stages shall
be equipped with an approved automatic fire sprinkler
system. The system shall be installed in accordance with
the provisions of the California Fire Code Chapter 9 and
shall meet the minimum design requirements of an Extra
Hazard, Group 2 system.

903.2.15 Automatic sprinkler system — Existing high-rise
buildings. Regardless of any other provisions of these regu-
lations, every existing high-rise building of Type II-B, Type
III-B or Type V-B construction shall be provided with an
approved automatic sprinkler system conforming to NFPA
13.

903.2.15.1 Existing R-1 andR-2 high-rise buildings
fire-extinguishing systems. Automatic fire-extin-
guishing systems installed in any existing high-rise
structure in which a Group R-1 or a Group R-2 occu-
pancy is, located shall have an approved flow indica-
tor electrically interconnected to the required fire
alarm system.

903.2.16 Group L occupancies. An automatic fire protec-
tion system shall be installed throughout buildings housing
Group L occupancies. Sprinkler system design for research
laboratories and similar areas of a Group L occupancy
shall not be less than that required for Ordinary Hazard
Group 2 with a design area of not less than 3,000 square feet
(279 m^).

In mixed occupancies, portions of floors or buildings not
classified as Group L occupancies shall be provided with
sprinkler protection designed of not less than that required
for Ordinary Hazard Group 1 with a design area of not less
than 3,000 square feet (279 m^).

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

TABLE 903.2.13
ADDITIONAL REQUIRED FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

TABLE 903.2.1 3-continued
ADDITIONAL REQUIRED FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

SECTION

SUBJECT

914.2.1

Covered malls

914.3.1

High-rise buildings

914.4.1

Atriums

914.5.1

Underground structures

914.6.1

Stages

914.7.1

Special amusement buildings

914.8.2, 914.8.5

Aircraft liangars

914.9

Flammable finishes

914.10

Drying rooms

1025.6.2.3

Smoke-protected seating

1208.2

Dry cleaning plants

1208.3

Dry cleaning machines

1504.2

Spray finishiBg in Group A, E, I or R

1504.4

Spray booths and spray rooms

1505.2

Dip-tanlc rooms in Group A, I or R

1505.4.1

Dip tanlis

1505.9.4

Hardening and tempering tanks

1803.10

HPM facilities

1803.10.1.1

HPM work station exhaust

1803.10.2

HPM gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures

1803.10.3

HPM exit access corridor

1803.10.4

HPM exhaust ducts

1803.10.4.1

HPM noncombustible ducts

1803.10.4.2

HPM combustible ducts

1907.3

Lumber production conveyor enclosures

1908.7

Recycling facility conveyor enclosures

2106.1

Class A and B ovens

2106.2

Class C and D ovens

2209.3.2.6.2

Hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing area canopies

Table 2306.2

Storage fire protection

2306.4

Storage

2703.8.4.1

Gas rooms

2703.8.5.3

Exhausted enclosures

2704.5

Indoor storage of hazardous materials

2705.1.8

Indoor dispensing of hazardous materials

2804.4.1

Aerosol warehouses

2806.3.2

Aerosol display and merchandising areas

2904.5

Storage of more than 1,000 cubic feet of loose
combustible fibers

3306.5.2.1

Storage of smokeless propellant

3306.5.2.3

Storage of small arms primers

SECTION

SUBJECT

3404.3.7.5.1

Flammable and combustible liquid
storage rooms

3404.3.8.4 ■

Flammable and combustible liquid
storage warehouses

3405.3.7.3

Flammable and combustible liquid
Group H-2 or H-3 areas

3704.1.2

Gas cabinets for highly toxic and toxic
gas

3704.1.3

Exhausted enclosures for highly toxic
and toxic gas

3704.2.2.6

Gas rooms for highly toxic and toxic gas

3704.3.3

Outdoor storage for highly toxic and
toxic gas

4106.2.2

Exhausted enclosures or gas cabinets for
silane gas

4204.1.1

Pyroxylin plastic storage cabinets

4204.1.3

Pyroxylin plastic storage vaults

4204.2

Pyroxylin plastic storage and
manufacturing

California Building Code
Section 403

Horse-racing stables

California Building Code
Section 431

Pet kennels

California Building Code
Section 439

Public libraries

(continued)

903.2.17 Fixed guideway transit systems.

903.2.17.1 Automatic sprinkler system. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be installed in all stations affixed
guideway transit systems.

Exceptions:

1. Guideways when the closest sprinkler heads to
the guideway are within 3 feet (914 mm) of the
edge, over the platform, and spaced 6 feet (1829
mm) on center parallel to the guideway.

2. Station agent booths not exceeding 150 square
feet (13.9 rr?) in area, when provided with an
approved smoke detector connected to the
building fire alarm system.

3. Power substations.

4. Machinery rooms, electrical rooms and train
control rooms protected by an approved auto-
matic fixed fire-extinguishing system.

5. Open stations.

6. Station platform areas open to three or more
sides.

903.2.17.2 Station guideway deluge system. Under-
ground stations and stations in open cuts with walls 5
feet (1524 mm) above the top of the running rail and with ,

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

a raised platform shall be provided with an under-vehi-
cle guideway manually activated deluge sprinkler sys-
tem. In open cut stations, such system shall be provided
in guideway s which are situated between a raised plat-
form edge and a retaining wall.

903.2.17.2.1 Systems shall be provided along the
entire length of track at each station platform.

903.2.17.2.2 Deluge nozzles with caps shall be
located in the approximate center of track with spac-
ing designed to completely wet the undersides of the
vehicle at the applied density.

903.2.17.2.3 System density shall be a minimum of
0.19 gallon per minute (gpm) per square foot (0.72
Umper m^)for the design area. When more than one
zone is provided, two adjacent zones are required to
be considered operating for calculating purposes.

903.2.17.2.4 Deluge systems shall be directly con-
nected to a water supply capable of supplying the
required flow rate for a minimum 30-minute duration.

903.2.17.2.5 Controls or manually operable valves
shall be in a location acceptable to the fire code offi-
cial. All deluge systems shall be monitored by the sta-
tion fire alarm system.

903.2.1 7.2.6 Each valve shall be monitored by a sepa-
rate circuit The alarm panel shall be located in an
area normally occupied by station personnel or sig-
nals shall be transmitted to the operations control
center (OCC).

903.3 Installation requirements. Automatic sprinkler sys-
tems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sec-
tions 903.3.1 through 903.3.7.

903.3.1 Standards. Sprinkler systems shall be designed
and installed in accordance with Sections 903.3.1.1,
903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3.

903.3.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems. Where the pro-
visions of this code require that a building or portion
thereof be equipped throughout with an automatic sprin-
kler system in accordance with this section, sprinklers
shall be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA
13 except as provided in Section 903.3.1.1.1.

903.3.1.1.1 Exempt locations. In other than Group
1-2, 1-2.1, or 1-3 occupancies, automatic sprinklers
shall not be required in the following rooms or areas
where such rooms or areas are protected with an
approved automatic fire detection system in accor-
dance with Section 907.2 that will respond to visible
or invisible particles of combustion. Sprinklers shall
not be omitted from any room merely because it is
damp, of fire-resistance rated construction or contains
electrical equipment.

1. Any room where the application of water, or
flame and water, constitutes a serious life or fire
hazard.

2. Any room or space where sprinklers are consid-
ered undesirable because of the nature of the

contents, when approved by the fire code offi-
cial.

3. Generator and transformer rooms separated
from the remainder of the building by walls and
floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assemblies having
a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours.

4. In rooms or areas that are of noncombustible
construction with wholly noncombustible con-
tents.

903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems. Where
allowed in buildings of Group R, up to and including four
stories in height, automatic sprinkler systems shall be
installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13R.

903.3.1.2.1 Balconies and decks. Sprinkler protec-
tion shall be provided for exterior balconies, decks
and ground floor patios of dwelling units where the
building is of Type V construction. Sidewall sprin-
klers that are used to protect such areas shall be per-
mitted to be located such that their deflectors are
within 1 inch (25 mm) to 6 inches (152 mm) below the
structural members and a maximum distance of 14
inches (356 mm) below the deck of the exterior balco-
nies and decks that are constructed of open wood joist
construction.

903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems. Where
allowed, automatic sprinkler systems installed in one-
and two-family dwellings shall be installed throughout
in accordance with NFPA 13D.

903.3.2 Quick-response and residential sprinklers.

Where automatic sprinkler systems are required by this
code, quick-response or residential automatic sprinklers
shall be installed in the following areas in accordance with
Section 903.3.1 and their listings:

1. Throughout all spaces within a smoke compartment
containing patient sleeping units in Group 1-2 in ac-
cordance with the California Building Code.

2. Dwelhng units and sleeping units in Group R and I-l
occupancies.

3. Light-hazard occupancies as defined in NFPA 13.

903.3.3 Obstructed locations. Automatic sprinklers shall
be installed with due regard to obstructions that will delay
activation or obstruct the water distribution pattern. Auto-
matic sprinklers shall be installed in or under covered
kiosks, displays, booths, concession stands, or equipment
that exceeds 4 feet (1219 mm) in width. Not less than a
3-foot (914 mm) clearance shall be maintained between
automatic sprinklers and the top of piles of combustible
fibers.

Exception: Kitchen equipment under exhaust hoods
protected with a fire-extinguishing system in accordance
with Section 904.

903.3.4 Actuation. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be
automatically actuated unless specifically provided for in
this code.

903.3.5 Water supplies. Water supplies for automatic
sprinkler systems shall comply with this section and the

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

standards referenced in Section 903.3.1. Tlie potable water
supply shall be protected against backflow in accordance
with Health and Safety Code 13114. 7.

903.3.5.1 Domestic services. Where the domestic ser-
vice provides the water supply for the automatic sprin-
kler system, the supply shall be in accordance with this
section.

903.3.5.1.1 Limited area sprinkler systems. Lim-
ited ai-ea sprinkler systems serving fewer than 20
sprinklers on any single connection are permitted to
be connected to the domestic service where a wet
automatic standpipe is not available. Limited area
sprinkler systems connected to domestic water sup-
plies shall comply with each of the following require-
ments:

1. Valves shall not be installed between the do-
mestic water riser control valve and the sprin-
klers.

Exception: An approved indicating control
valve supervised in the open position in
accordance with Section 903.4.

2. The domestic service shall be capable of sup-
plying the simultaneous domestic demand and
the sprinkler demand requir^ed to be hydrauli-
cally calculated by NFPA 13, NFPA 13R or
NFPA 13D.

903.3.5.1.2 Residential combination services. A

single combination water supply shall be allowed pro-
vided that the domestic demand is added to the sprin-
Ider demand as required by NFPA 13R.

903.3.5.2 Secondary water supply. A secondary on-site
water supply equal to the hydraulically calculated sprin-
kler demand, including the hose stream requirement,
shall be provided for high-rise buildings in Seismic
Design Category C, D, E or F as determined by the Cali-
fornia Building Code. The secondary water supply shall
have a duration of not less than 30 minutes as determined
by the occupancy hazard classification in accordance
with NFPA 13.

Exception: Existing buildings.

903.3.6 Hose threads. Fire hose thi'eads and fittings used in
connection with automatic sprinkler systems shall be as pre-
scribed by the fire code official.

903.3.7 Fire department connections. The location of fue
department connections shall be approved by the fire code
official.

903.4 Sprinkler system monitoring and alarms. All valves
controlling the water supply for automatic sprinkler systems,
pumps, tanks, water levels and temperatures, critical ail' pres-
sures, and water-flow switches on all sprinkler systems shall be
electrically supervised.

Exceptions:

1. Automatic sprinkler systems protecting one- and
two-family dwellings.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

2. Limited area systems serving fewer than 20 sprin-
klers.

3. Automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance
with NFPA 1 3R where a common supply main is used
to supply both domestic water and the automatic
sprinkler system, and a separate shutoff valve for the
automatic sprinkler system is not provided.

4., Jockey pump control valves that are sealed or locked
in the open position.

5. Control valves to commercial kitchen hoods, paint
spray booths or dip tanks that are sealed or locked in
the open position.

6. Valves controlling the fuel supply to fire pump en-
gines that are sealed or locked in the open position.

7. Trim valves to pressure switches in dry, preaction and
deluge sprinkler systems that are sealed or locked in
the open position.

903.4.1 Signals. Alarm, supervisory and trouble signals
shall be distinctly different and shall be automatically trans-
mitted to an approved central station, remote supervising
station or proprietary supervising station as defined in
NFPA 72 or, when approved by the frre code official, shall
sound an audible signal at a constantly attended location.

Exceptions:

1 . Underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes
provided by the municipality or public utility are
not required to be monitored.

2. Backflow prevention device test valves located in
limited area sprinkler system supply piping shall
be locked in the open position. In occupancies re-
quired to be equipped with a fire alarm system, the
backflow preventer valves shall be electrically su-
pervised by a tamper switch installed in accor-
dance with NFPA 72 and separately annunciated.

903.4.2 Alarms. Approved audible devices shall be con-
nected to every automatic sprinkler system. Such sprinkler
water-flow alarm devices shall be activated by water flow
equivalent to the flow of a single sprinkler of the smallest
orifice size installed in the system. Alarm devices shall be
provided on the exterior of the building in an approved loca-
tion. Where a fu'e alai'm system is installed, actuation of the
automatic sprinkler system shall actuate the building fire
alarm system.

903.4.3 Floor control valves. Approved supervised indi-
cating control valves shall be provided at the point of con-
nection to the riser on each floor in high-rise buildings.

903.5 Testing and maintenance. Sprinkler systems shall be
tested and maintained in accordance with Section 901.

903.6 Existing buildings. The provisions of this section ai-e
intended to provide a reasonable degree of safety in existing
structures not complying with the minimum requirements of
the California Building Code by requiring installation of an
automatic fire-extinguishing system.

903.6.1 Pyroxylin plastics. All sti-uctures occupied for the
manufacture or storage of articles of cellulose nitrate

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

(pyroxylin) plastic shall be equipped with an approved auto-
matic fire-extinguishing system. Vaults located within
buildings for the storage of raw pyroxyUn shall be protected
with an approved automatic sprinkler system capable of dis-
charging 1.66 gallons per minute per square foot (68
L/min/m^) over the area of the vault.

SECTION 904

ALTERNATIVE AUTOMATIC

FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

904.1 General. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other
than automatic sprinkler systems, shall be designed, installed,
inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the provi-
sions of this section and the applicable referenced standards.

904.2 Where required. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems
installed as an alternative to the required automatic sprinkler
systems of Section 903 shall be approved by the fire code offi-
cial. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be consid-
ered alternatives for the purposes of exceptions or reductions
allowed by other requirements of this code.

904.2.1 Commercial hood and duct systems. Each
required commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duct system
required by Section 609 to have a Type I hood shall be pro-
tected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing sys-
tem installed in accordance with this code.

904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall
be installed in accordance with this section.

904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in
accordance with the California Electrical Code.

904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems
shall be automatically actuated and provided with a manual
means of actuation in accordance with Section 904. 1 1 . 1 .

904.3.3 System interlocking. Automatic equipment inter-
locks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door closers,
window shutters, conveyor openings, smoke and heat vents,
and other features necessary for proper operation of the
fire-extinguishing system shall be provided as required by
the design and installation standard utilized for the hazard.

904.3.4 Alarms and warning signs. Where alarms are
required to indicate the operation of automatic fire-extin-
guishing systems, distinctive audible, visible alarms and
warning signs shall be provided to warn of pending agent
discharge. Where exposure to automatic-extinguishing
agents poses a hazard to persons and a delay is required to
ensure the evacuation of occupants before agent discharge,
a separate warning signal shall be provided to alert occu-
pants once agent discharge has begun. Audible signals shall
be in accordance with Section 907.10.2.

904.3.5 Monitoring. Where a building fire alarm system is
installed, automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be
monitored by the building fure alarm system in accordance
with NFPA 72.

904.4 Inspection and testing. Automatic fire-extinguishing
systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the
provisions of this section prior to acceptance.

904.4.1 Inspection. Prior to conducting final acceptance
tests, the following items shall be inspected:

1 . Hazard specification for consistency with design haz-
ard.

2. Type, location and spacing of automatic- and man-
ual-initiating devices.

3. Size, placement and position of nozzles or discharge
orifices.

4. Location and identification of audible and visible
alarm devices.

5. Identification of devices with proper designations.

6. Operating instructions.

904.4.2 Alarm testing. Notification appliances, connec-
tions to fire alarm systems, and connections to approved
supervising stations shall be tested in accordance with this
section and Section 907 to verify proper operation.

904.4.2.1 Audible and visible signals. The audibility
and visibiUty of notification appliances signaling agent
discharge or system operation, where required, shall be
verified.

904.4.3 Monitor testing. Connections to protected pre-
mises and supervising station fire alarm systems shall be
tested to verify proper identification and retransmission of
alarms from automatic fire-extinguishing systems.

904.5 Wet-chemical systems. Wet-chemical extinguishing
systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected
and tested in accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regu-
lations, Chapter 5 and NFPA 17A and their listing.

904.5.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested
for proper operation at 6-month intervals. Tests shall
include a check of the detection system, alarms and releas-
ing devices, including manual stations and other associated
equipment. Extinguishing system units shall be weighed
and the requked amount of agent verified. Stored pres-
sure-type units shall be checked for the required pressure.
The cartridge of cartridge-operated units shall be weighed
and replaced at intervals indicated by the manufacturer.

904.5.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed tempera-
ture-sensing elements shall be maintained to ensure proper
operation of the system.

904.6 Dry-chemical systems. Dry-chemical extinguishing
systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected
and tested in accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regu-
lations, Chapter 5 and NFPA 17 and their Usting.

904.6.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested
for proper operation at 6-month intervals. Tests shall
include a check of the detection system, alarms and releas-
ing devices, including manual stations and other associated
equipment. Extinguishing system units shall be weighed,
and the required amount of agent verified. Stored pres-
sure-type units shall be checked for the required pressure.
The cartridge of cartridge-operated units shall be weighed
and replaced at intervals indicated by the manufacturer.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

904.6.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed tempera-
ture-sensing elements shall be maintained to ensure proper
operation of the system.

904.7 Foam systems. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be
installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in
accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regulations,
Chapters and NFPA 11, NFPA llA and NFPA 16 and their
listing.

904.7.1 System test. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be
inspected and tested at intervals in accordance with Title 19
California Code of Regulations, Chapter 5.

904.8 Carbon dioxide systems. Carbon dioxide extinguishing
systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected
and tested in accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regu-
lations, Chapter 5 and NFPA 12 and their listing.

904.8.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested
for proper operation at 12-month intervals.

904.8.2 High-pressure cylinders. High-pressure cylinders
shall be weighed and the date of the last hydrostatic test shall
be verified at 6-month intervals. Where a container shows a
loss in original content of more than 1 percent, the cylinder
shall be refilled or replaced.

904.8.3 Low-pressure containers. The liquid-level gauges
of low-pressure containers shall be observed at one-week
intervals. Where a container shows a content loss of more
than 10 percent, the container shall be refilled to maintain
the minimum gas requirements.

904.8.4 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at
12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall be
replaced or tested. At five-year intervals, all hoses shall be
tested.

904.8.4.1 Test procedure. Hoses shall be tested at not
less than 2,500 pounds per square inch (psi) (17 238 kPa)
for high-pressure systems and at not less than 900 psi
(6206 kPa) for low-pressure systems.

904.8.5 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplemen-
tary components, such as switches, door and window
releases, interconnected valves, damper releases and sup-
plementaiy alarms, shall be manually operated at 12-month
intervals to ensure that such components ai-e in proper oper-
ating condition.

904.9 Halon systems. Halogenated extinguishing systems
shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested
in accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regulations,
Chapter 5 and NFPA 12A and their listing.

904.9.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested
- for proper operation at 12-month intervals.

904.9.2 Containers. The extinguishing agent quantity and
pressure of containers shall be checked at 6-month intervals.
Where a container shows a loss in original weight of more
than 5 percent or a loss in original pressure (adjusted for
temperature) of more than 10 percent, the container shall be
refilled or replaced. The weight and pressure of the con-
tainer shall be recorded on a tag attached to the container.

904.9.3 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at
12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall be
replaced or tested. At 5-yeai- intervals, all hoses shall be
tested.

904.9.3.1 Test procedure. For Halon 1301 systems,
hoses shall be tested at not less than 1,500 psi (10 343
kPa) for 600 psi (4137 kPa) charging pressure systems
and not less than 900 psi (6206 kPa) for 360 psi (2482
kPa) charging pressure systems. For Halon 1211
hand-hose Une systems, hoses shall be tested at 2,500 psi
(17 238 kPa) for high-pressure systems and 900 psi
(6206 kPa) for low-pressure systems.

904.9.4 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplemen-
tary components, such as switches, door and window
releases, interconnected valves, damper releases and sup-
plementary alarms, shall be manually operated at 12-month
intervals to ensure such components are in proper operating
condition.

904.10 Clean-agent systems. Clean-agent fixe-extinguishing
systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected
and tested in accordance with Title 19 California Code of Regu-
lations, Chapter 5 and NFPA 2001 and their listing.

904.10.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested
for proper operation at 12-month intervals.

904.10.2 Containers. The extinguishing agent quantity and
pressure of the containers shall be checked at 6-month inter-
vals. Where a container shows a loss in original weight of
more than 5 percent or a loss in original pressure, adjusted
for temperature, of more than 1 percent, the container shall
be refilled or replaced. The weight and pressure of the con-
tainer shall be recorded on a tag attached to the container.

904.10.3 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at
12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall be
replaced or tested. All hoses shall be tested at 5-yeai' inter-
vds.

904.11 Commercial cooking systems. Commercial cooking
equipment that produces grease laden vapors shall be provided
with a Type I hood, in accordance with the California Mechani-
cal Code, and an automatic fire-extinguishing system that is
listed and labeled for its intended use as follows:

1. Wet-chemical extinguishing system, complying with UL
300.

2. Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems.

3. Automatic fire sprinkler systems.

All existing dry-chemical and wet-chemical extinguishing
systems shall comply with UL 300, no later than the second
required servicing of the system following the effective date of
this section.

Exception: Public school kitchens, without deep-fat
fryers, shall be upgraded to a UL 300 compliant sys-
tem during state-funded modernization projects that
are under the jurisdiction of the Division of the State
Architect.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

All systems shall be installed in accordance with the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code, appropriate adopted standards, their
listing and the manufacturers' installation instructions.

Exception: Factory-built commercial cooking recircu-
lating systems that are tested, listed, labeled and
installed in accordance with UL 71 OB.

904.11.1 Manual system operation. A manual actuation
device shall be located at or neai* a means of egress from the
cooking area a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) and a maxi-
mum of 20 feet (6096 mm) from the kitchen exhaust system.
The manual actuation device shall be installed not more than
48 inches (1200 mm) nor less than 42 inches (1067 mm)
above the floor and shall clearly identify the hazard pro-
tected. The manual actuation shall require a maximum force
of 40 pounds (178 N) and a maximum movement of 14
inches (356 mm) to actuate the fire suppression system.

Exception: Automatic sprinkler systems shall not be
required to be equipped with manual actuation means.

904.11.2 System interconnection. The actuation of the fire
extinguishing system shall automatically shut down the fuel
or electrical power supply to the cooking equipment. The
fuel and electrical supply reset shall be manual.

904.11.3 Carbon dioxide systems. When carbon dioxide
systems are used, there shall be a nozzle at the top of the ven-
tilating duct. Additional nozzles that are symmetrically
arranged to give uniform distribution shall be installed
within vertical ducts exceeding 20 feet (6096 mm) and hori-
zontal ducts exceeding 50 feet (15 240 mm). Dampers shall
be installed at either the top or the bottom of the duct and
shall be arranged to operate automatically upon activation
of the fire-extinguishing system. When the damper is
installed at the top of the duct, the top nozzle shall be imme-
diately below the damper. Automatic carbon dioxide
fire-extinguishing systems shall be sufficiently sized to pro-
tect all hazards venting through a common duct simulta-
neously.

904.11.3.1 Ventilation system. Commercial-type cook-
ing equipment protected by an automatic carbon dioxide
extinguishing system shall be arranged to shut off the
ventilation system upon activation.

904.11.4 Special provisions for automatic sprinkler sys-
tems. Automatic sprinkler systems protecting commer-
cial-type cooking equipment shall be supplied from a
separate, readily accessible, indicating-type conti'ol valve
that is identified.

904.11.4.1 Listed sprinklers. Sprinlders used for the
protection of fryers shall be tested in accordance with UL
199E, hsted for that application and installed in accor-
dance with their listing.

904.11.5 Portable fire extinguishers for commercial
cooking equipment. Portable fire extinguishers shall be
provided and maintained in accordance with Title 19 Cali-
fornia Code of Regulations, Chapter 3.

904.11.5.1 Portable fire extinguishers for solid fuel
cooldng appliances. All soUd fuel cooking appliances,
whether or not under a hood, with fireboxes 5 cubic feet

(0.14 m^) or less in volume shall have a minimum
2.5-gallon (9 L) or two 1.5-gallon (6 L) Class K
wet-chemical portable fire extinguishers located in
accordance with Section 904.1 1.5.

904.11.5.2 Class K portable fire extinguishers for
deep fat fryers. When hazai-d areas include deep fat fry-
ers, listed Class K portable fire extinguishers shall be
provided in accordance with Title 19 California Code of
Regulations, Chapter 3 as follows:

1. For up to four fryers having a maximum cooking
medium capacity of 80 pounds (36.3 kg) each. One
Class K portable fire extinguisher of a minimum
1.5 gallon (6 L) capacity.

2. For every additional group of four fryers having a
maximum cooking medium capacity of 80 pounds
(36.3 kg) each: One additional Class K portable
fire extinguisher of a minimum 1.5 gallon (6 L) ca-
pacity shall be provided.

3. For individual fryers exceeding 6 square feet (0.55
m^) in surface area: Class K portable fire
extinguishers shall be installed in accordance with
the extinguisher manufacturer's recommenda-
tions.

904.11.6 Operations and maintenance. Commercial
cooking systems shall be operated and maintained in accor-
dance with Title 19 California Code of Regulations, Chap-
ter 5 and this section.

904.11.6.1 Ventilation system. The ventilation system
in connection with hoods shall be operated at the
required rate of air movement, and classified grease fil-
ters shall be in place when equipment under a kitchen
grease hood is used.

904.11.6.2 Grease extractors. Where grease extractors
are installed, they shall be operated when the commer-
cial-type cooking equipment is used.

904.11.6.3 Cleaning. Hoods, grease-removal devices,
fans, ducts and other appurtenances shall be cleaned at
intervals necessary to prevent the accumulation of
grease. Cleanings shall be recorded, and records shall
state the extent, time and date of cleaning. Such records
shall be maintained on the premises.

904.11.6.4 Extinguishing system service. Automatic
fire-extinguishing systems shall be serviced at least
every 6 months and after activation of the system.
Inspection shall be by qualified individuals, and a certifi-
cate of inspection shall be f orwai'ded to the fire code offi-
cial upon completion.

904.11.6.5 Fusible link and sprinkler head replace-
ment. Fusible links and automatic sprinkler heads shall
be replaced at least annually, and other protection

SECTION 905
STANDPIPE SYSTEMS

905.1 General. Standpipe systems shall be provided in new
buildings and structures in accordance with this section. Fire

100

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

hose threads used in connection with standpipe systems shall
be approved and shall be compatible with fire department hose
threads. The location of fire department hose connections shall
be approved. In buildings used for high-piled combustible stor-
age, fire protection shall be in accordance with Chapter 23.

905.2 Installation standard. Standpipe systems shall be
installed in accordance with this section and NFPA 14.

905.3 Required installations. Standpipe systems shall be
installed where required by Sections 905.3.1 through
905.3.i0.i and in the locations indicated in Sections 905.4,
905.5 and 905.6. Standpipe systems are allowed to be com-
bined with automatic sprinkler systems.

Exception: Standpipe systems are not required in Group
R-3 occupancies.

905.3.1 Building height. Class III standpipe systems shall
be installed thi-oughout buildings where the floor level of the
highest story is located more than 30 feet (9144 mm) above
the lowest level of the fire department vehicle access, or
where the floor level of the lowest story is located more than
30 feet (9144 mm) below the highest level of fire depart-
ment vehicle access.

Exceptions:

1. Class I standpipes are allowed in buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or
903.3.1.2.

2. Class I manual standpipes are allowed in open
pai'king garages where the highest floor is located
not more than 150 feet (45 720 mm) above the low-
est level of fire department vehicle access.

3. Class I manual dry standpipes are allowed in open
parking garages that are subject to freezing tem-
peratures, provided that the hose connections are
located as required for Class 11 standpipes in accor-
dance with Section 905.5.

4. Class I standpipes are allowed in basements
equipped thi'oughout with an automatic sprinkler
system.

5. In determining the lowest level of fne department
vehicle access, it shall not be requked to consider:

5.1. Recessed loading docks for four vehicles
or less, and

5.2. Conditions where topography makes ac-
cess from the fire department vehicle to the
building impractical or impossible.

905.3.2 Group A. Class I automatic wet standpipes shall be
provided in nonsprinklered Group A buildings having an
occupant load exceeding 1,000 persons.

Exceptions:

1. Open-au^-seating spaces without enclosed spaces.

2. Class I automatic dry and semiautomatic dry
standpipes or manual wet standpipes ai'e allowed
in buildings whei'e the highest floor surface used

for human occupancy is 75 feet (22 860 mm) or
less above the lowest level of fire department vehi-
cle access.

905.3.3 Covered mall buildings. A covered mall building
shall be equipped throughout with a standpipe system
where required by Section 905.3.1. Covered mall buildings
not required to be equipped with a standpipe system by Sec-
tion 905.3 . 1 shall be equipped with Class I hose connections
connected to a system sized to deliver water at 250 gallons
per minute (946.4 L/min) at the most hydi-aulically remote
outlet. Hose connections shall be provided at each of the fol-
lowing locations:

1. Within the mall at the entrance to each exit passage-
way or corridor.

2. At each floor-level landing within enclosed stairways
opening directly on the mall.

3. At exterior pubUc enti-ances to the mall.

905.3.4 Stages. Stages greater than 1,000 square feet (93
m^) in area shall be equipped with a Class m wet standpipe
system with IVj-inch and 2'/2-inch (38 mm and 64 mm)
hose connections on each side of the stage.

Exception: Where the building or ai'ea is equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system, a IVj
inch (38 mm) hose connection shall be installed in accor-
dance with NFPA 13 or in accordance with NFPA 14 for
Class n or III standpipes.

905.3.4.1 Hose and cabinet. The 1 Vj-inch (38 mm) hose
connections shall be equipped with sufficient lengths of
1 Vj-inch (38 mm) hose to provide fire protection for the
stage area. Hose connections shall be equipped with an
approved adjustable fog nozzle and be mounted in a cabi-
net or on a rack.

905.3.5 Underground buildings. Underground buildings
shall be equipped throughout with a Class I automatic wet or
manual wet standpipe system.

905.3.6 Helistops and heliports. Buildings with a helistop
or heliport that are equipped with a standpipe shall extend
the standpipe to the roof level on which the helistop or heli-
port is located in accordance with Section 1107.5.

905.3.7 Marinas and boatyards. Maiinas and boatyards
shall be equipped throughout with standpipe systems in
accordance with NFPA 303.

905.3.8 Smokeproof enclosures. For smokeproof enclo-
sures, see California Building Code Section 909.20.

905.3.9 Group 1-3. Housing units within cell complexes
where 50 or more inmates are restrained, shall be provided
with Class I wet standpipes. In addition. Class I wet
standpipes shall be located so that it will not be necessaij to
extend hose lines through interlocking security doors and
any doors in smoke-barrier walls, horizontal fire walls or
fire barrier walls. Standpipes located in cell complexes may
be placed in secured pipe chases.

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905.3.10 Fixed guideway transit systems. Underground
stations shall be provided with a Class III standpipe system
designed to comply with the following:

1. Automatically supply 65 pounds per square inch (psi)
for each outlet

2. Supply a 250-gpm (946 L/m)flow to each of the two
most remote 2'/2-inch (64 mm) outlets when pressur-
ized through the fire department connection(s).

905.3.10.1 All other stations shall be provided with a
Class I manual wet standpipe system; a manual dry
Class I standpipe system may be allowed in areas subject
to freezing.

Exception: Open at-grade stations with unrestricted
fire department access need not be provided with a
standpipe system.

905.4 Location of Class I standpipe hose connections. Class
I standpipe hose connections shall be provided in all of the fol-
lowing locations;

1. In every required stairway, a hose connection shall be
provided for each floor level above or below grade. Hose
connections shall be located at an intermediate floor
level landing between floors, unless otherwise approved
by the fire code official.

2. On each side of the wall adjacent to the exit opening of a
horizontal exit.

Exception: Where floor areas adjacent to a horizontal
exit are reachable from exit stairway hose connections by
a 30-foot (9 144 mm) hose stream from a nozzle attached
to 100 feet (30480 mm) of hose, a hose connection shall
not be required at the horizontal exit.

3. In every exit passageway, at the entrance from the exit
passageway to other areas of a building.

4. In covered mall buildings, adjacent to each exterior pub-
lic entrance to the mall and adjacent to each entrance
from an exit passageway or exit corridor to the mall.

5. Where the roof has a slope less than four units vertical in
12 units horizontal (33.3-percent slope), each standpipe
shall be provided with a hose connection located either
on the roof or at the highest landing of a stairway with
stair access to the roof. An additional hose connection
shall be provided at the top of the most hydrauUcally re-
mote standpipe for testing purposes.

6. Where the most remote portion of a nonsprinklered floor
or story is more than 150 feet (45 720 mm) from a hose
connection or the most remote portion of a sprinldered
floor or story is more than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from a
hose connection, the fire code official is authorized to re-
quire that additional hose connections be provided in ap-
proved locations.

905.4.1 Protection. Risers and laterals of Class I standpipe
systems not located within an enclosed stairway or pressur-
ized enclosure shall be protected by a degree of fire resis-
tance equal to that required for vertical enclosures in the
building in which they are located.

Exception: In buildings equipped throughout with an
approved automatic sprinkler system, laterals that ai^e not
located within an enclosed stairway or pressurized
enclosure are not required to be enclosed within
fire-resistance-rated construction.

905.4.2 Interconnection. In buildings where more than one
standpipe is provided, the standpipes shall be intercon-
nected in accordance with NFPA 14.

905.5 Location of Class II standpipe hose connections.

Class II standpipe hose connections shall be accessible and
shall be located so that all portions of the building are within 30
feet (9144 mm) of a listed variable stream fog nozzle attached
to 100 feet (30 480 mm) of hose.

905.5.1 Groups A-1 and A-2. In Group A-1 and A-2 occu-
pancies with occupant loads of more than 1,000, hose con-
nections shall be located on each side of any stage, on each
side of the rear of the auditorium, on each side of the bal-
cony, and on each tier of dressing rooms.

905.5.2 Protection. Fire-resistance-rated protection of ris-
ers and laterals of Class II standpipe systems is not required.

905.5.3 Class n system 1-inch hose. A minimum 1-inch
(25 mm) hose shall be allowed to be used for hose stations in
light-hazard occupancies where investigated and listed for
this service and where approved by the fire code official.

905.6 Location of Class III standpipe hose connections.

Class III standpipe systems shall have hose connections
located as required for Class I standpipes in Section 905.4 and
shall have Class II hose connections as required in Section
905.5.

905.6.1 Protection. Risers and laterals of Class III
standpipe systems shall be protected as required for Class I
systems in accordance with Section 905.4.1.

905.6.2 Interconnection. In buildings where more than one
Class III standpipe is provided, the standpipes shall be inter-
connected at the bottom.

905.7 Cabinets. Cabinets containing fire-fighting equipment,
such as standpipes, fire hose, fire extinguishers or fire depart-
ment valves, shall not be blocked from use or obscured from

view.

905.7.1 Cabinet equipment identification. Cabinets shall
be identified in an approved manner by a permanently
attached sign with letters not less than 2 inches (51 mm)
high in a color that conti-asts with the background color,
indicating the equipment contained therein.

Exceptions:

1 . Doors not large enough to accommodate a written
sign shall be marked with a permanently attached
pictogram of the equipment contained therein.

2. Doors that have either an approved visual identifi-
cation clear glass panel or a complete glass door
panel are not required to be marked.

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905.7.2 Locking cabinet doors. Cabinets shall be
unlocked.

Exceptions:

1. Visual identification panels of glass or other ap-
proved transpai^ent frangible material that is easily
broken and allows access.

2. Approved locking arrangements.

3. Group 1-3 occupancies.

905.8 Dry standpipes. Dry standpipes shall not be installed.

Exception: Where subject to freezing and in accordance
with NFPA 14.

905.9 Valve supervision. Valves controlling water supplies
shall be supervised in the open position so that a change in the
normal position of the valve will generate a supervisory signal
at the supervising station requked by Section 903.4. Where a
fii-e alarm system is provided, a signal shall also be transmitted
to the control unit.

Exceptions:

1. Valves to underground key or hub valves in roadway
boxes provided by the municipality or public utility
do not require supervision.

2. Valves locked in the normal position and inspected as
provided in this code in buildings not equipped with a
fire alarm system.

905.10 During construction. Standpipe systems required dur-
ing construction and demolition operations shall be provided in
accordance with Section 1413.

905.11 Existing buildings. Existing structures with occupied
floors located more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) above or below
the lowest level of fire department access shall be equipped
with standpipes installed in accordance with Section 905. The
standpipes shall have an approved fire department connection
with hose connections at each floor level above or below the
lowest level of fii-e department access. The fire code official is
authorized to approve the installation of manual standpipe sys-
tems to achieve compliance with this section where the
responding fire depaitment is capable of providing the required
hose flow at the highest standpipe outlet.

SECTION 906
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

906.1 Where required. Portable fire extinguishers shall be
installed in the following locations.

1. In new and existing Group A, B, E, F, H, I, M, R-1, R-2,
R-4 and S occupancies.

2. Within 30 feet (9144 mm) of commercial cooking equip-
ment.

3. In ai"eas where flarmnable or combustible liquids ai^e
stored, used or dispensed.

4. On each floor of structures under construction, except
Group R-3 occupancies, in accordance with Section
1415.1.

5 . Where required by the sections indicated in Table 906.1.

6. Special-hazard areas, including but not limited to labora-
tories, computer rooms and generator rooms, where re-
quired by the fire code official.

7. Large- and small-family day-care homes shall be
equipped with a portable fire extinguisher having a mini-
mum 2A:10-B:C rating.

906.2 General requirements. Portable fire extinguishers shall
be selected, installed and maintained in accordance with this
section and Chapter 3, Title 19 California Code of Regulations.

Exceptions:

1. The travel distance to reach an extinguisher shall not
apply to the spectator seating portions of Group A-5
occupancies.

2. Thirty-day inspections shall not be required for porta-
ble fir-e extinguishers that are supervised by a listed
and approved electronic monitoring device, provided
that all of the following conditions are met:

2.1. Electronic monitoring shall confirm that
extinguishers ai^e properly positioned, prop-
erly charged and unobstructed.

2.2. Loss of power or circuit continuity to the elec-
tronic monitoring device shall initiate a trou-
ble signal.

2.3. The extinguishers shall be installed inside of a
building or cabinet in a noncorTosive environ-
ment.

2.4. Electronic monitoring devices and supervi-
sory circuits shall be tested when' extinguisher
maintenance is performed.

2.5. A written log of required hydrostatic test dates
for extinguishers shall be maintained by the
owner to ensure that hydrostatic tests are con-
ducted at the frequency required by Chapter
3, Title 19 California Code of Regulations.

906.3 Size and distribution. For occupancies that involve pri-
marily Class A fire hazai^ds, the minimum sizes and distribu-
tion shall comply with Table 906.3(1). Fii-e extinguishers for
occupancies involving flammable or combustible liquids with
depths of less than or equal to 0.25-inch (6.35 mm) shall be
selected and placed in accordance with Table 906.3(2). Fire
extinguishers for occupancies involving flanmiable or com-
bustible liquids with a depth of greater than 0.25-inch (6.35
mm) or involving combustible metals shall be selected and
placed in accordance with NFPA 10. Extinguishers for Class C
fire hazai^ds shall be selected and placed on the basis of the
anticipated Class A or Class B hazard.

906.4 Cooking grease fires. Fire extinguishers provided for
the protection of cooking grease fires shall be of an approved
type compatible with the automatic fire-extinguishing system
agent and in accordance with Section 904. 11.5.

906.5 Conspicuous location. Portable fire extinguishers shall
be located in conspicuous locations where they will be readily
accessible and immediately available for use. These locations
shall be along normal paths of travel, unless the fire code offi-
cial determines that the hazard posed indicates the need for
placement away from normal paths of travel.

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TABLE 906.1
ADDITIONAL REQUIRED PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

SECTION

SUBJECT

303.5

Asphalt kettles

307.5

Open burning

308.4

Open flames-torches

309.4

Powered industrial trucks

1105.2

Aircraft towing vehicles

1105.3

Aircraft welding apparatus

1105.4

Aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles

1105.5

Aircraft hydrant fuel-servicing vehicles

1105.6

Aircraft fuel-dispensing stations

1107.7

Heliports and helistops

1208.4

Dry cleaning plants

1415.1

Buildings under construction or demolition

1417.3

Roofing operations

1504.4.1

Spray-fmishing operations

1505.4.2

Dip-tank operations

1506.4.2

Powder-coating areas

1904.2

Lumberyards/woodworking facilities

1908.8

Recycling facilities

1909.5

Exterior lumber storage

2003.5

Organic-coating areas

2106.3

Industrial ovens

2205.5

Motor fuel-dispensing facilities

2210.6.4

Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities

2211.6

Repair garages

2306.10

Rack storage

2404.12

Tents, canopies and membrane structures

2508.2

Tire rebuilding/storage

2604.2.6

Welding and other hot work

2903.6

Combustible fibers

3308.11

Fireworks

3403.2.1

Flammable and combustible liquids, general

3404.3.3.1

Indoor storage of flammable and combustible Uquids

3404.3.7.5.2

Liquid storage rooms for flammable and combustible
liquids

3405.4.9

Solvent distillation units

3406.2.7

Farms and construction sites-flammable and
combustible liquids storage

3406.4.10.1

Bulk plants and terminals for flammable and
combustible hquids

3406.5.4.5

Commercial, industrial, governmental or
manufacturing establishments-fuel dispensing

3406.6.4

Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible Uquids

3606.5.7

Flammable sohds

3808.2

LP-gas

906.6 Unobstructed and unobscured. Portable fire
extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view. In
rooms or areas in which visual obstruction cannot be com-
pletely avoided, means shall be provided to indicate the loca-
tions of extinguishers.

TABLE 906.3(1)
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS FOR CLASS A FIRE HAZARDS

LIGHT

(Low)

HAZARD

OCCUPANCY

ORDINARY

(Moderate)

HAZARD

OCCUPANCY

EXTRA

(High)

HAZARD

OCCUPANCY

Minimum
Rated Single
Extinguisher

2-A^

2-A

4-A''

Maximum
Floor Area Per
Unit of A

3,000
square feet

1,500
square feet

1,000
square feet

Maximum
Floor Area For
Extinguisher''

11,250
square feet

Maximum
Travel Distance
to Extinguisher

75 feet

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.

a. Two 2.5-galIoii water-type extinguishers shall be deemed the equivalent of
one 4-A rated extinguisher.

b. Annex E.3 .3 of NFPA 10 provides more details concerning application of the
maximum floor area criteria.

c. T\vo water-type extinguishers each with a 1-A rating shall be deemed the
equivalent of one 2-A rated extinguisher for Light (Low) Hazard Occupan-
cies.

TABLE 906.3(2)

FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

WITH DEPTHS OF LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.25-INCH

TYPE OF HAZARD

BASIC MINIMUM

EXTINGUISHER

RATING

MAXIMUM TRAVEL

DISTANCE TO

EXTINGUISHERS

(feet)

Light (Low)

5-B
10-B

30
50

Ordinary (Moderate)

10-B
20-B

30
50

Extra (High)

40-B
80-B

30
50

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

NOTE. For requirements on water-soluble flammable liquids and alternative
sizing criteria, see Section 4.3 of NFPA 10.

906.7 Hangers and brackets. Hand-held portable fire
extinguishers, not housed in cabinets, shall be installed on the
hangers or brackets supplied. Hangers or brackets shall be
securely anchored to the mounting suif ace in accordance with
the manufacturer's installation instructions.

906.8 Cabinets. Cabinets used to house portable fire
extinguishers shall not be locked.

Exceptions:

1. Where portable fire extinguishers subject to mali-
cious use or damage are provided with a means of
ready access.

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2. In Group 1-3 occupancies and in mental health areas
in Group 1-2 occupancies, access to portable fire
extinguishers shall be permitted to be locked or to be
located in staff locations provided the staff has keys.

906.9 Height above floor. Portable fire extinguishers having a
gross weight not exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installed
so that its top is not more than 5 feet ( 1 524 mm) above the floor.
Hand-held portable fire extinguishers having a gross weight
exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installed so that its top is
not more than 3.5 feet (1067 mm) above the floor. The clear-
ance between the floor and the bottom of installed hand-held
extinguishers shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm).

906.10 Wheeled units. Wheeled fu:e extinguishers shall be
conspicuously located in a designated location.

SECTION 907
FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS

907.1 General. This section covers the application, installa-
tion, performance and maintenance of foe alarm systems and
their components in new and existing buildings and structures.
The requirements of Section 907.2 are applicable to new build-
ings and, structures. The requirements of Section 907.3 are
applicable to existing buildings and structures.

907.1.1 Construction documents. Construction docu-
ments for fire alarm systems shall be submitted for review
and approval prior to system installation. Construction doc-
uments shall include, but not be limited to, all of the follow-
ing:

1 . A floor plan which indicates the use of all rooms.

2. Locations of alarm-initiating and notification appli-
ances.

3. Alarm control and trouble signaling equipment.

4. Annunciation.

5. Power connection.

6. Battery calculations.

7. Conductor type and sizes.

8. Voltage drop calculations.

9. Manufacturers, model numbers and listing informa-
tion for equipment, devices and materials.

10. Details of ceiHng height and construction.

1 1 . The interface of fire safety control functions.

907.1.2 Equipment. Systems and their components shall be
California State Fire Marshal hsted and approved for the
purpose for which they are installed.

907.1.3 Fire-walls and fire barrier walls. For the purpose
of Section 907, fire walls and fire barrier walls shall not
define separate buildings.

907.1.4 Fire alarm use. A fire alarm system shall not be
used for any purpose other than fire warning or mass notifi-
cation unless approved by the enforcing agency.

907.2 Where required — new buildings and structures. An

approved manual, automatic or manual and automatic fire
alarm system installed in accordance with the provisions of this

code and NFPA 72 shall be provided in new buildings and
structures in accordance with Sections 907.2.1 through
907.2.23 and provide occupant notification in accordance with
Section 907.10, unless other requirements are provided by
another section of this code. Where automatic sprinkler protec-
tion installed in accordance with Section 903 .3 . 1 . 1 or 903 .3 . 1 .2
is provided and connected to the building fire alarm system,
automatic heat detection required by this section shall not be
required.

The automatic fire detectors shall be smoke detectors.
Where ambient conditions prohibit installation of automatic
smoke detection, other automatic fire detection shall be
allowed where approved.

A minimum of one fire alarm box shall be installed for each
fire alarm system at a location approved by the enforcing
agency.

Exception: Fire alarm systems dedicated to elevator recall
control, supervisory service and fire sprinkler monitoring
only.

Where other sections of this code allow elimination of fire
alarm boxes due to sprinklers, a single fire alarm box shall be
installed.

Exception: Where not required to be installed by the local
enforcing agency.

907.2.1 Group A. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group A occupancies having an occupant load
of 300 or more. Portions of Group E occupancies occupied
for assembly purposes shall be provided with a fire alarm
system as required for the Group E occupancy.

Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required
where the building is equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system and the alarm notification appU-
ances will activate upon sprinkler water flow.

907.2.1.1 System initiation in Group A occupancies
with an occupant load of 1,000 or more. Activation of
the fire alarm in Group A occupancies with an occupant
load of 1,000 or more shall initiate a signal using an
emergency voice/alarm communications system in
accordance with NFPA 72. For Group A occupancies
with an occupant load of 10,000 or more, see Section
907.2.1.3.

Exception: Where approved, the prerecorded
announcement is allowed to be manually deactivated
for a period of time, not to exceed 3 minutes, for the
sole purpose of allowing a Uve voice announcement
from an approved, constantly attended location.

907.2.1.2 Emergency power. Emergency voice/alarm
communications systems shall be provided with an
approved emergency power source.

907.2.1.3 Public address system. Pursuant to Health
and Safety Code Section 13108.9, for all buildings or
structures constructed on or after July 1 , 1991, which are
intended for public assemblies of 10,000 or more per-
sons, a public address system with an emergency backup
power system shall be required.

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Existing buildings or structures intended for public
assemblies of 10,000 or more persons, which, on or after
January 1, 1991, have or subsequently have installed a
public address system, shall have an emergency backup
power system for the public address system.

907.2.2 Group B. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group B occupancies having an occupant load
of 500 or more persons or more than 100 persons above or
below the lowest level of exit discharge.

Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required
where the building is equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system and the alarm notification appli-
ances will activate upon sprinkler water flow.

907.2.3 Group E. A manual and automatic fire alarm sys-
tem shall be installed in Group E occupancies with an occu-
pant load of 50 or more persons or containing more than
one classroom or one or more rooms used for day care pur-
pose. When automatic sprinkler systems or smoke detectors
are installed, such systems or detectors shall be connected to
the building fire alarm system.

Exceptions:

1 . Manual fire alarm boxes are not required in Group
E occupancies where all of the following apply:

1.1. Interior conidors are protected by smoke
detectors with alarm verification.

1.2. Auditoriums, cafeterias, gymnasiums and
the like are protected by heat detectors or
other approved detection devices.

1.3. Shops and laboratories involving dusts or
vapors are protected by heat detectors or
other approved detection devices.

1.4. Off-premises monitoring is provided.

1.5. The capabiHty to activate the evacuation
signal from a central point is provided.

1.6. In buildings where normally occupied
spaces are provided with a two-way com-
munication system between such spaces
and a constantly attended receiving station
from where a general evacuation alai^m can
be sounded, except in locations specifi-
cally designated by the fire code official.

2. Manual fire alarm boxes shall not be required in
Group E occupancies where the building is
equipped throu^out with aii approved automatic
sprinkler system, the notification appliances will
activate on sprinkler water flow and manual activa-
tion is provided from a normally occupied loca-
tion.

907.2.3.1 System connection. When more than one fire
alarm control unit is used at the school campus, they
shall be interconnected and shall operate all notification
appliances.

Exception: Interconnection of fire alarm control
units is not required when:

1. Buildings that are separated a minimum of 20
feet (6096 mm) and in accordance with the Cal-
ifornia Building Code,

2. There is a method of communication between
each classroom and the school administrative
office approved by the fire enforcing agency.

907.2.3.2 School fire alarms. Except as provided in Sec-
tion 907.3, every building used for educational pur-
poses, regardless of occupancy classification shall be
provided with an approved fire alarm system. This provi-
sion shall apply to, but shall not necessarily be limited to,
every elementary school, high school, community col-
lege and university.

Exception: Privately owned trade or vocational
schools or any firm or company which provides edu-
cational facilities and instructions for its employees.

907.2.3.3 Notification. The system notification shall be
consistent with the requirements for audible and visible
notification requirements of Section 907 andNFPA 72 as
amended in Chapter 35. Audible notification shall com-
ply with the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) S3. 41 Emergency Evacuation Signal. An audible
alarm notification appliance shall be mounted on the
exterior of buildings to alert occupants in and around the
playground area.

907.2.3.4 Annunciation. Annunciation of the fire alarm
system shall comply with the requirements of Section
907.9.1.

907.2.3.5 Supervising station. Fire alarm systems shall
transmit the alarm, supervisory and trouble signals to an
approved supervising station in accordance with NFPA
72. The supervising station shall be listed as either
UUFX (Central Station) or UUJS (remote & propri-
etary) by the Underwriters Laboratory Inc. (UL) or shall
comply with the requirements of standard FM 3011.

907.2.3.6 Public schools — smoke detectors.

907.2.3.6.1 Automatic detection. Smoke detectors
shall be used as the primary method of automatic
alarm initiation except, in areas where the environ-
ment or ambient conditions exceed smoke detector
installation guidelines, another method of automatic
detection shall be used. In areas containing sprin-
klers, heat detectors may be omitted. Smoke detectors
shall be designed, installed and maintained in accor-
dance with Section 907 and NFPA 72 as amended in
Chapter 45.

Smoke detectors shall be located at the ceiling of
every room and area, and in "ceiling-plenums" uti-
lized for environmental air. In buildings provided with
an approved automatic fire sprinkler system where
the ceiling creates a "ceiling-plenum" or a space
above the ceiling for nonenvironmental air, automatic
sprinklers shall be installed to protect such spaces of
buildings that house and or serve students from kin-
dergarten through twelfth grade (K-12) and are sited
on a new public school campus as defined in Section
202.

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Where the ceiling is attached directly to the under-
side of the roof structure, automatic smoke detectors
shall be installed on the ceiling only.

Heat detectors shall be installed in spaces where
sprinklers are not installed. Heat detectors shall be
installed and maintained in accordance with Section
907 and NFPA 72 as amended in Chapter 45.

907.2.3.7 Public school — automatic fire alarm system
requirements.

907.2.3. 7.1 New public school campus. On or after
Julyl, 2002, a State Fire Marshal approved and listed
automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all
new public school campus as defined in Section 202.
The approved fire alarm system shall be both auto-
matic and manual and maintained in accordance with
Section 907 and Chapter 45. At least one manual box
shall be installed for the purpose of manually initiat-
ing the fire alarm system.

907.2.3. 7.2 Modernization project. A State Fire Mar-
shal approved and listed fire alarm system shall be
provided in all modernization projects as defined in
Section 202. The approved fire alarm system shall be
both automatic and manual and maintained in accor-
dance with Section 907 and Chapter 45. When the
requirements of this section are met, manual fire
alarm boxes are not required throughout the modern-
ization project. At least one manual box shall be
installedfor the purpose of manually initiating the fire
alarm system.

907.2.3.8 Portable buildings — automatic fire alarm
system requirements.

907.2.3.8.1 Permanent-portable buildings. A porta-
ble building that is used to serve or house students
from kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12) and
is certified as a permanent building on a new public
school campus by the public school administration
shall comply with the requirements of Section
907.2.3.7.1.

907.2.3.8.2 Permanent-portable building modern-
ization project. A permanent-portable building to
undergo modernization efforts, and is used to serve or
house students from kindergarten through twelfth
grade (K-12} that is certified as a permanent building
by the public school administration shall comply with
the requirements of Section 907.2.3.7.2.

907.2.3.8.3 Exempted portable building. A portable
building as defined in Section 202 that is certified by
the public school administration as being sited on
campus for less than three years is not required to
install an automatic fire detection system or auto-
matic sprinkler system.

907.2.4 Group F. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group F occupancies that are two or more sto-
ries in height and have an occupant load of 500 or more
above or below the lowest level of exit discharge.

Exception: Manual fce alai-m boxes ai-e not required
where the building is equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system and the alarm notification appli-
ances will activate upon sprinkler water flow.

907.2.5 Group H. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group H-5 occupancies and in occupancies used
for the manufacture of organic coatings. An automatic
smoke detection system shall be installed for highly toxic
gases, organic peroxides and oxidizers in accordance with
Chapters 37, 39 and 40, respectively.

907.2.6 Group I. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group I occupancies. An electrically super-
vised, automatic smoke detection system shall be provided
in accordance with Sections 907.2.6.1 and 907.2.6.2.

Exception: Large-family day care.

907.2.6.1 Group I-l. Corridors, habitable spaces other
than sleeping units and kitchens, and waiting areas that
are open to corridors shall be equipped with an automatic
smoke detection system.

Exceptions:

1. Smoke detection in habitable spaces is not re-
quired where the facility is equipped through-
out with an automatic sprinkler system.

2. Smoke detection is not required for exterior
balconies.

907.2.6.1.1 Licensed group I-l occupancies.

Licensed Group I-l occupancies housing more than
six nonambulatory, elderly clients shall be provided
with an approved manual and automatic fire alarm
system.

Exceptions: Buildings housing nonambulatory
clients on the first story only and which are pro-
tected throughout by the following:

1. An approved and supervised automatic
sprinkler system, as specified in Sections
903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, which upon activa-
tion will initiate the fire alarm system to no-
tify all occupants.

2. A manual fire alarm system.

3. Smoke alarms requiredbySection907.2. 10.

907.2.6.2 Group 1-2 and Group 1-2.1. An approved
manual and automatic fire alarm system shall be pro-
vided for Group 1-2 and 1-2.1 occupancies. Audible
appliances shall be used in nonpatient areas. Visible
appliances may be used in lieu of audible appliances in
patient-occupied areas. Audible appliances placed in
patient areas shall be only chimes or similar sounding
appliances for alerting staff. An automatic smoke detec-
tion system shall be provided.

Exceptions:

1. Heat detectors may be used in closets, unusable
space under floor areas, storage rooms, bath-
rooms, attics, kitchens, laundry rooms and
rooms of similar use.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

107

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

2. When an entire facility is used for the housing of
persons, none of whom are physically or men-
tally handicapped or nonambulatory, and are
between the ages of 18 and 64, the buildings or
structures comprising such facility shall be ex-
empt from the provisions of this subsection re-
lating to the installation of an automatic fire
alarm system.

In occupancies housing nonambulatory persons
where restraint is practiced, stajfand attendants shall be
provided and housed or located in such a manner that
such supervisory personnel will also be alerted upon
activation of any detector required by this section. Auto-
matic-closing doors shall comply with Section 715.4. 7.3.

907.2.6.2.1 Smoke detectors shall be installed in
patient and client sleeping rooms. Actuation of such
detectors shall cause a visual display on the corridor
side of the room in which the detector is located and
shall cause an audible and visual alarm at the respec-
tive nurses' station. A nurse call system listed for this
function is an acceptable method ofproviding the audi-
ble and visual alarm at the respective nurses station.

Exception: In rooms equipped with existing auto-
matic door closers having integral smoke detec-
tors, the integral detector may substitute for the
room smoke detector, provided it meets all required
alerting functions.

Operation of the smoke detector shall not include
any alarm verification feature.

907.2.6.3 Group 1-3 occupancies. Group 1-3 occupan-
cies shall be equipped with a manual and automatic fiure
alarm system installed for alerting staff.

907.2.6.3.1 System initiation. Actuation of any auto-
matic fire-extinguishing system, a manual fire alarm
box or a fire detector shall initiate an approved fire
alarm signal which automatically notifies staff.
Presignal systems shall not be used.

907.2.6.3.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire
alarm boxes are not required to be located in accor-
dance with Section 907.4 where the fire alarm boxes
are provided at staff-attended locations having direct
supervision over areas where manual fire alarm boxes
have been omitted.

Manual fire alarm boxes ai'e allowed to be locked in
areas occupied by detainees, proved that staff mem-
bers are present within the subject ai'ea and have keys
readily available to operate the manual fire alarm
boxes.

907.2.6.3.3 Smoke detectors. An approved auto-
matic smoke detection system shall be installed
throughout resident housing areas, including sleeping
units and contiguous day rooms, group activity spaces
and other common spaces normally accessible to
inmates.

Exception: Other approved smoke detection
arrangements may be used to prevent damage or

tampering or for other purposes provided the
function of detecting any fire is fulfilled and the
location of the detectors is such that the speed of
detection will be equivalent to that provided by the
spacing and location required in accordance with
NFPA 72 as referenced in Chapter 45. This may
include the location of detectors in return air ducts
from cells, behind grilles or in other locations.
Spot type, combination duct and open area smoke
detectors may be used when located not more than
14 inches (356 mm) from the return air grille. For
initiation and annunciation purposes, these detec-
tors may be combined in groups of four The fire
code official having jurisdiction, however, must
approve the proposed equivalent performance of
the design.

907.2.6.3.4 System annunciation A staff alerting fire
alarm shall sound at all staff control stations on the
floor of activation and an audible and visual signal
shall be indicated on an annunciator at the facility
control center upon activation of any automatic extin-
guishing system, automatic detection system, or any
smoke detector or manual actuating or initiating
device. In addition, where there are staff-control sta-
tions on the floor, an audible, visual and manual
alarm shall be located in each staff control station.

Fire and trouble signals of fire alarm systems and
sprinkler water-flow and supervisory signals of extin-
guishing systems shall be annunciated in an area des-
ignated as the facility control center which shall be
constantly attended by staff personnel. All such sig-
nals shall produce both an audible signal and visual
display at the facility control center indicating the
building, floor zone or other designated area from
which the signal originated in accordance with Sec-
tion 907.9.

All local detention facilities within the scope of Sec-
tion 6031.4 of the Penal Code shall have an automatic
smoke detection system. A manual fire alarm-initiat-
ing device shall be installed in all guard control sta-
tions and shall be capable of alerting personnel in a
central control point to the presence of fire or smoke
within the facility.

907.2.6,4 Large-family day-care. Every large-family
day-care home shall be provided with at least one man-
ual device at a location approved by the enforcing
agency. Such device shall actuate afire alarm signal,
which shall be audible throughout the facility at a mini-
mum level of 15 db above ambient noise level. These
devices need not be interconnected to any other fire
alarm device, have a control panel or be electrically
supervised or provided with emergency power. Such
device or devices shall be attached to the structure and
may be of any type acceptable to the enforcing agency,
provided that such devices are distinctive in tone and are
audible throughout the structure.

Wl.l.l Group M. A manual fire alarm system shall be
installed in Group M occupancies having an occupant load

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2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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of 500 or more persons or more than 100 persons above or
below the lowest level of exit discharge. Tire initiation of a
signal from a manual fire alarm box shall initiate alarm noti-
fication appliances as required by Section 907.10.

Exceptions:

1 . A manual fire alarm system is required in covered
mall buildings complying with Section' 402 of the
California Building Code.

2. Manual fire alai-m boxes ai-e not required where the
building is equipped thi"oughout with an automatic
sprinkler system and the alarm notification appli-
ances will automatically activate upon sprinkler
water flow.

907.2.7.1 Occupant notification. During times that the
building is occupied, the initiation of a signal from a
manual fire alarm box or from a water flow switch shall
not be requii"ed to activate the alarai notification appli-
ances when an alarm signal is activated at a constantly
attended location from which evacuation instructions
shall be initiated over an emergency voice/alarm com-
munication system installed in accordance with Section
907.2.12.2.

The emergency voice/alarm communication system
shall be allowed to be used for other announcements,
provided the manual fire alarm use takes precedence
. over any other use.

907.2.8 Group R-1 and Group R-4. Fire alarm systems
shall be installed in Group R-1 and Group R-4 occupancies
as required in Sections 907.2.8.1 through 907.2.8.4.

907.2.8.1 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fiie
alarm system shall be installed in Group R-1 occupan-
cies.

Exceptions:

1. A manual fire alarm system is not required in
buildings not more than two stories in height
where all individual sleeping units and contigu-
ous attic and crawl spaces are separated firom
each other and public or common areas by at
least 1-hour fire partitions and each individual
sleeping unit has an exit directly to a public
way, exit court or yard.

2. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required
throughout the building when the following
conditions are met:

2.1. The building is equipped tliroughout
with an automatic sprinlder system in-
stalled in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or 903.3. 1.2.

2.2. The notification appliances will activate
upon sprinkler water flow; and

2.3. At least one manual fire alarm box is in-
stalled at an approved location.

907.2.8.2 Automatic fire alarm system. An automatic
fu-e alai-m system shall be installed throughout all interior
corridors serving sleeping units.

Exception: An automatic fire detection system is not
requked in buildings that do not have interior coiri-
dors serving sleeping units and where each sleeping
unit has a means of egress door opening directly to an
exterior exit access that leads directly to an exit.

907.2.8.3 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be
installed as required by Section 907.2.10. In buildings
that are not equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the smoke alarms in sleeping
units shall be connected to an emergency electrical sys-
tem and shall be annunciated by sleeping unit at a con-
stantly attended location from which the fire alarm
system is capable of being manually activated.

907.2.8.4 Fire alarm systems in Group R-4 occupan-
cies. An approved manual and automatic fire alarm sys-
tem shall be installed in accordance with Section
907.2.8.

Exceptions:

1. Protective social care occupancies housing
persons none of whom are physically or men-
tally handicapped or nonambulatory and which
provide supervisory services such as alcohol-
ism or drug abuse recovery or treaPnent facili-
ties, halfway houses operated by the California
Department of Corrections, and similar facili-
ties and are provided with a manual fire alann
box which will actuate a distinctive fire alarm
signal that can be heard throughout the facility.

2. Protective social care facilities provided with
an automatic sprinkler system which complies
with Chapter 9 and are provided with a manual
fire alarm box which will actuate a distinctive
fire alann signal that can be heard throughout
the facility.

907.2.9 Group R-2. A manual fu-e alarm system shall be
installed in Group R-2 occupancies where:

1. Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is located three or
more stories above the lowest level of exit discharge;

2. Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is located more
than one story below the highest level of exit dis-
charge of exits serving the dwelling unit or sleeping
unit; or

3. The building contains more than 16 dwelling units or
sleeping units.

Exceptions:

1 . A fh'e alarm system is not required in buildings
not more than two stories in height where all
dwelling units or sleeping units and contiguous
attic and crawl spaces are separated from each
other and public or common areas by at least
1-hour fire partitions and each dwelling unit or
sleeping unit has an exit directly to a public
way, exit court or yai-d.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

109

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

2. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required
throughout the building when the following
conditions are met:

2.1. The building is equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or
903.3.1.2; and

2.2. The notification appliances will activate
upon sprinkler flow.

3 . A fire alarm system is not required in buildings
that do not have interior corridors serving
dwelling units and are protected by an approved
automatic sprinkler system installed in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, pro-
vided that dwelling units either have a means of
egress door opening directly to an exterior exit
access that leads directly to the exits or are
served by open-ended corridors designed in ac-
cordance with Section 1023.6, Exception 4.

907.2.10 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms.

Listed single- and multiple-station smoke alarms comply-
ing with UL 217 shall be installed in accordance with the
provisions of this code and the household fire-waming
equipment provisions of NFPA 72.

Exception: For Group R occupancies. Afire alarm sys-
tem with smoke detectors located in accordance with this
section may be installed in lieu of smoke alarms. Upon
actuation of the detector, only those notification appli-
ances in the dwelling unit or guestroom where the detec-
tor is actuated shall activate.

907.2.10.1 Where required. Single- or multiple-station
smoke alarms shall be installed in the locations described
in Sections 907.2.10.1.1 through 907.2.10.1.3.

907.2.10.1.1 Group R-1, Single- or multiple-station
smoke alarms shall be installed in all of the following
locations in Group R-1:

1. In sleeping areas.

2. In every room in the path of the means of egress
from the sleeping area to the door leading from
the sleeping unit.

3 . In each story within the sleeping unit, including
basements. For sleeping units with split levels
and without an intervening door between the
adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on the
upper level shall suffice for the adjacent lower
level provided that the lower level is less than
one full story below the upper level.

4. In enclosed common stairwells of multi-
ple-dwelling complexes.

907.2.10.1.2 Groups R-2, R-3, R-3.1, R-4 and I-l.

Single- or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be
installed and maintained in Groups R-2, R-3, R-3.1,
R-4 and I-l regardless of occupant load at all of the
following locations:

1. On the ceiling or wall outside of each separate
sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of bed-
rooms.

2. In each room used for sleeping purposes.

3. In each story within a dwelling unit, including
basements but not including crawl spaces and
uninhabitable attics. In dwellings or dwelling
units with split levels and without an interven-
ing door between the adjacent levels, a smoke
alarm installed on the upper level shall suffice
for the adjacent lower level provided that the
lower level is less than one full story below the
upper level.

4. In enclosed common stairwells of apartment
complexes and other multiple-dwelling com-
plexes.

5. In Group R-3.1 occupancies, in addition to the
above, smoke alarms shall be provided
throughout the habitable areas of the dwelling
unit except kitchens.

907.2.10.1.3 Group I-l. Single- or multiple-station
smoke alarms shall be installed and maintained in
sleeping areas in Group I-l occupancies.

Exception: Single- or multiple-station smoke
alarms shall not be required where the building is
equipped throughout with an automatic fire detec-
tion system in accordance with Section 907.2.6.

907.2.10.1.4 Group 1-4 occupancies. Large-family
day-care homes shall be equipped with State Fire
Marshal approved and listed single-station residen-
tial-type smoke alarms.

907.2.10.1.5 Group R-3.1. In all facilities housing a
bedridden client, smoke alarms shall receive their
primary power from the building wiring when such
wiring is served from a commercial source and shall
be equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms
shall be electrically interconnected so as to cause all
smoke alarms to sound a distinctive alarm signal
upon actuation of any single smoke alarm. Such
alarm signal shall be audible throughout the facility
at a minimal level of 15 db above ambient noise level.
These devices need not be interconnected to any other
fire alarm device, have a control panel, or be electri-
cally supervised or providedwith emergency power

907.2.10.2 Power source. In new construction and in
newly classified Group R-3.1 occupancies, required
smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the
building wiring where such wiring is served from a com-
mercial source and shall be equipped with a battery
backup. Smoke alarms shall emit a signal when the bat-
teries are low. Wiring shall be permanent and without a
disconnecting switch other than as required for
overcurrent protection.

Exception: Smoke alarms are not required to be
equipped with battery backup in Group R-1 where
they are connected to an emergency electrical system.

110

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

907.2.10.3 Interconnection. Where more than one
smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individ-
ual dwelling unit or sleeping unit in Group R-2, R-3,
R-3.1, or R-4, or within an individual sleeping unit in
Group R-1, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in
such a manner that the activation of one alarm will acti-
vate all of the alarms in the individual unit. The alarm
shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background
noise levels with all intervening doors closed.

907.2.10.4 Acceptance testing. When the installation of
the alaiTO devices is complete, each detector and inter-
connecting wiring for multiple-station alarm devices
shall be tested in accordance with the household fire
warning equipment provisions of NFPA 72.

907.2.10.5 Existing Group R-3 occupancies.

907.2.10.5.1 Existing buildings housing Group R-3
occupancies established prior to the effective date of
these regulations may have their use continued if they
conform or are made to conform to provisions of these
regulations to the extent that reasonable and ade-
quate life safety against the hazards of fire, panic and
explosion is substantially provided. Additional means
of egress, the installation of automatic sprinkler sys-
tems, automatic fire alarm system or other life safety
measures, may be required to provide reasonable and
adequate safety.

Note: It is the intent of this section that every exist-
ing occupancy need not mandatorily conform to
the requirements for new construction. Reason-
able judgment in the application of requirements
must be exercised by the enforcing agency.

907.2.10.5.2 For purposes of clarification. Health
and Safety Code Section 13113. 7 is repeated.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a
smoke detector, approved and listed by the State
Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 13114, shall be
installed, in accordance with tlie manufacturer's
instructions in each dwelling intended for human
occupancy within the earliest applicable time
period as follows:

■ (1) For all dwelling units intended for human
occupancy, upon the owner's application on or
after January 1, 1985, for a permit for alterations,
repairs, or additions, exceeding one thousand dol-
lars ($1,000).

(2) For all other dwelling units intended for human
occupancy on or after January 1, 1987.

However, if any local rule, regulation, or ordi-
nance, adopted prior to the compliance dates
specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) requires instal-
lation in a dwelling unit intended for human occu-
pancy of smoke detector, which receive their power
from the electrical system of the building and
requires compliance with the local rule, regula-
tion, or ordinance at a date subsequent to the dates
specified in this section, tlie compliance date spec-
ified in the rule, regulation, or ordinance shall, but

only with respect to the dwelling units specified in
this section, take precedence over the dates speci-
fied in this section.

The State Fire Marshal may adopt regulations
exempting dwellings intended for human occu-
pancy with fire sprinkler systems from the provi-
sions of this section, if he or she determines that a
smoke detector is not reasonably necessary for fire
safety in the occupancy.

Unless prohibited by local rules, regulations, or
ordinances, a battery-operated smoke detector
which otherwise meets the standards adopted pur-
suant to Section 13114 for smoke detectors, satis-
fies the requirements of this section.

(b) "Dwelling units intended for human occu-
pancy," as used in this section, includes a duplex,
lodging house, apartment complex, hotel, motel,
condominium, stock cooperative, time-share pro-
ject, or dwelling unit of a multiple-unit dwelling
complex. For the purpose of this part, "dwelling
units intended for human occupancy" does not
include manufactured homes as defined in Section
18007, mobilehomes defined in Section 18008,
and commercial as defined in 18001.8.

(c)The owner of each dwelling unit subject to this
section shall supply and install smoke detectors
required by this section in the locations and in the
manner set fortJi in the manufacturer's instruc-
tions, as approved by the State Fire Marshal's reg-
ulations. In the case of apartment complexes and
other multiple-dwelling complexes, a smoke detec-
tor shall be installed in the common stairwells. All
fire alarm warning systems supplemental to the
smoke detector shall also be listed by the State Fire
Marshal.

(d) A higJi-rise structure, as defined in subdivision
(b) of Section 13210 and regulated by Chapter 3
(commencing with Section 13210), and which is
used for purposes other than as dwelling units
intended for human occupancy, is exempt from the
requirements of this section.

(e) The owner shall be responsible for testing and
maintaining detectors in hotels, motels, lodging
houses, and common stairwells of apartment com-
plexes and other multiple dwelling complexes.

An owner or the owner's agent may enter any
dwelling unit, efficiency dwelling unit, guestroom,
and suite owned by the owner for the purpose of
installing, repairing, testing, and maintaining sin-
gle station smoke detectors required by this sec-
tion. Except in cases of emergency, the owner or
owner's agent shall give tJie tenants of each such
unit, room, or suite reasonable notice in writing of
the intention to enter and shall enter only during
normal business hours. Twenty-four hours shall be
presumed to be reasonable notice in absence of
evidence to the contrary.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

111

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

The smoke detector shall be operable at the time
that the tenant takes possession. The apartment com-
plex tenant shall be responsible for notifying the man-
ager or owner if the tenant becomes aware of an
inoperable smoke detector within his or her unit. The
owner or authorized agent shall correct any reported
deficiencies in the smoke detector and shall not be in
violation of this section for a deficient smoke detector
when he or she has not received notice of the defi-
ciency.

(f) A violation of this section is an infraction punish-
able by a maximum fine of two hundred dollars
($200.00) for each offense.

(g) This section shall not affect any rights which the
parties may have under any other provision of law
because of the presence or absence of a smoke detec-
tor.

(h) This section shall not apply to the installation of
smoke detectors in single-family dwellings or fac-
tory-built housing which is regulated by Section
13113.8, as added by Assembly Bill No. 2285 of the
1983-84 Regular Session.

907.2.10.5.3 For purposes of clarification, Health
and Safety Code Section 13113.8 is repeated.

(a) On and after January 1, 1986, every sin-
gle-family dwelling and factory-built housing, as
defined in Section 19971, which is sold shall have
an operable smoke detector. The detector shall be
approved and listed by the State Fire Marshal and
installed in accordance with the State Fire Mar-
shal's regulations. Unless prohibited by local
rules, regulations, or ordinances, a battery-oper-
ated smoke detector shall be deemed to satisfy the
requirements of this section.

(b) On and after January 1, 1986, the transferor of
any real property containing a single-family
dwelling, as described in subdivision (a), whether
the transfer is made by sale, exchange, or real
property sales contract, as defined in Section 2985
of the Civil Code, shall deliver to the transferee a
written statement indicating that the transferor is
in compliance with this section. The disclosure
statement shall be either included in the receipt for
deposit in a real estate transaction, an addendum
attached thereto, or a separate document.

(c) The transferor shall deliver the statement
referred to in subdivision (b) as soon as practica-
ble before the transfer of title in the case of a sale
or exchange, or prior to execution of the contract
where the transfer is by a real property sales con-
tract, as defined in Section 2985. For purposes of
this subdivision, "delivery " means delivery in per-
son or by mail to the transferee or transferor, or to
any person authorized to act for him or her in the
transaction, or to additional transferees who have
requested delivery from the transferor in writing.
Delivery to the spouse of a transferee or transferor

shall be deemed delivery to a transferee or trans-
feror, unless the contract states otherwise.

(d) This section does not apply to any of the follow-
ing:

(1) Transfers which are required to be preceded
by the furnishing to a prospective transferee of
a copy of a public report pursuant to Section
11018.1 of the Business and Professions Code.

(2) Transfers pursuant to court order, includ-
ing, but not limited to, transfers ordered by a
probate court in the administration of an estate,
transfers pursuant to a writ of execution, trans-
fers by a trustee in bankruptcy, transfers by emi-
nent domain, or transfers resulting from a
decree for specific performance.

(3) Transfers to a mortgagee by a mortgagor in
default, transfers to a beneficiary of a deed of
trust by a trustor in default, transfers by any
foreclosure sale after default, transfers by any
foreclosure sale after default in an obligation
secured by a mortgage, or transfers by a sale
under a power of sale after a default in an obli-
gation secured by a deed of trust or secured by
any other instrument containing a power of
sale.

(4) Transfers by a fiduciary in the course of the
administration of a decedent's estate, guard-
ianship, conservatorship, or trust.

(5) Transfers from one co-owner to one or more
co-owners.

(6) Transfers made to a spouse, or to a person
or persons in the lineal line of consanguinity of
one or more of the transferors.

(7) Transfers between spouses resulting from a
decree of dissolution of a marriage, from a
decree of legal separation, or from a property
settlement agreement incidental to either of
those decrees.

(8) Transfers by the Controller in the course of
administering the Unclaimed Property Law
provided for in Chapter 7 (commencing with
Section 1500) of Title 10 of Part 3 of the Code of
Civil Procedure.

(9) Transfers under the provisions of Chapter 7
(commencing with Section 3691) or Chapter 8
(commencing with Section 3771) of Part 6 of
Division 1 of the Revenue and Taxation Code.

(e) No liability shall arise, nor any action be
brought or maintained against, any agent of any
party to a transfer of title, including any person or
entity acting in the capacity of an escrow, for any
error, inaccuracy, or omission relating to the dis-
closure required to be made by a transferor pursu-
ant to this section.

However, this subdivision does not apply to a
licensee, as defined in Section 10011 of the Busi-

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2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

ness and Professions Code, where the licensee
participates in the making of the disclosure
required to be made pursuant to this section with
actual knowledge of the falsity of the disclosure.

(g) Except as otherwise provided in this section,
this section shall not be deemed to create or imply
a duty upon a licensee, as defined in Section 10011
of the Business and Professions Code, or upon any
agent of any party to a transfer of title, including
any person or entity acting in the capacity of an
escrow, to monitor or ensure compliance with this
section.

(h) Local ordinances requiring smoke detectors in
single-family dwellings may be enacted or
amended. However, the ordinances shall satisfy
the minimum requirements of this section.

(i) For the purposes of this section, "single-family
dwelling" does not include a manufactured home
as defined in Section 18007, a mobile home as
defined in Section 18008, or a commercial coach
as defined in Section 18001.8.

(j) This section shall not apply to the installation of
smoke detectors in dwellings intended for human
occupancy, as defined in and regulated by Section
13113.7 of the Health and Safety Code, as added
by Senate Bill No. 1448 in the 1983-84 Regular
■ Session.

907.2.11 Special amusement buildings. An approved
automatic smoke detection system shall be provided in spe-
cial amusement buildings in accordance with this section.

Exception: In areas where ambient conditions will cause
a smoke detection system to alarm, an approved alterna-
tive type of automatic detector shall be installed.

907.2.11.1 Alarm. Activation of any single smoke
detector, the automatic sprinkler system or any other
automatic fire detection device shall immediately sound
an alarm at the building at a constantly attended location
from which emergency action can be initiated, including
the capability of manual initiation of requirements in
Section 907.2.11.2.

907.2.11.2 System response. The activation of two or
more smoke detectors, a single smoke detector with
alarm verification, the automatic sprinkler system or
other approved fire detection device shall automatically:

1. Cause illumination of the means of egress with
light of not less than 1 foot-candle (11 lux) at the
walking surface level;

2. Stop any conflicting or confusing sounds and vi-
sual distractions; and

3. Activate an approved dii-ectional exit mai-king that
will become apparent in an emergency.

Such system response shall also include activation of a
prerecorded message, cleaiiy audible throughout the
special amusement building, instructing patrons to pro-
ceed to the neai-est exit. Alarm signals used in conjunc-
tion with the prerecorded message shall produce a sound

which is distinctive from other sounds used during nor-
mal operation.

The wiring to the auxiliary devices and equipment
used to accomplish the above fire safety functions shall
be monitored for integrity in accordance with NFPA 72.

907.2.11.3 Emergency voice/alarm communication
system. An emergency voice/alarm communication sys-
tem, which is also allowed to serve as a public address
system, shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 72
and be audible throughout the entire special amusement
building.

907.2.12 High-rise buildings. High-rise iiuildings shall be
provided with an automatic fire alarm system and an emer-
gency voice/alarm communication system in accordance
with Section 907.2.12.2.

Exceptions:

1. Airport ti-affic control towers in accordance with
Section 907.2.22 and Section 412 of the California
Building Code.

2. Open parking garages in accordance with Section
406.3 of the California Building Code.

3. Buildings with an occupancy in Group A-5 in ac-
cordance with Section 303.1 of the California
Building Code.

4. Low-hazard special occupancies in accordance
with Section 503.1.1 of the California Building
Code.

5. Buildings with an occupancy in Group H-1, H-2 or
H-3 in accordance with Section 415 of the Califor-
nia Building Code.

907.2.12.1 Automatic fire detection. Smoke detectors
shall be provided in accordance with this section. Smoke
detectors shall be connected to an automatic fire alarm
system. The activation of any detector required by this
section shall operate the emergency voice/alarm commu-
nication system. Smoke detectors shall be located as fol-
lows:

1. In each mechanical equipment, electrical, trans-
former, telephone equipment or similar room
which is not provided with sprinkler protection, el-
evator machine rooms, and in elevator lobbies.

2. In the main return air and exhaust air plenum of
each air-conditioning system having a capacity
greater than 2,000 cubic feet per minute (cfm)
(0.94 mVs). Such detectors shall be located in a
serviceable area downsti^eam of the last duct inlet.

3. At each connection to a vertical duct or riser serv-
ing two or more stories from a return air duct or
plenum of an air-conditioning system. In Group
R-1 and R-2 occupancies, a listed smoke detector
is allowed to be used in each return-air riser carry-
ing not more than 5,000 cfm (2.4 mVs) and serving
not more than 10 air-inlet openings.

907.2.12.2 Emergency voice/alarm communication
system. The operation of any automatic fire detector.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

sprinkler water-flow device or manual fire alarm box
shall automatically sound an alert tone followed by voice
instructions giving approved information and directions
for a general or staged evacuation on a minimum of the
alarming floor, the floor above and the floor below in
accordance with the building's fire safety and evacuation
plans required by Section 404. Speakers shall be pro-
vided throughout the building by paging zones. As a
minimum, paging zones shall be provided as follows:

1. Elevator groups.

2. Exit stairways.

3. Each floor.

4. Areas of refuge as defined in Section 1002.1.

Exception: In Group I-l and 1-2 occupancies, the
alarm shall sound in a constantly attended area and a
general occupant notification shall be broadcast over
the overhead page.

907.2.12.2.1 Manual override. A manual override
for emergency voice communication shall be pro-
vided on a selective and all-call basis for all paging
zones.

907.2.12.2.2 Live voice messages. The emergency
voice/alarm communication system shall also have
the capability to broadcast live voice messages
through paging zones on a selective and all-call basis.

907.2.12.2.3 Standard. The emergency voice/alarm
communication system shall be designed and
installed in accordance with NFPA 72.

907.2.12.3 Fire department communication system.

An approved two-way, fire department communication
system designed and installed in accordance with NFPA
72 shall be provided for fire department use. It shall oper-
ate between a fure command center complying with Sec-
tion 509 and elevators, elevator lobbies, emergency and
standby power rooms, fire pump rooms, areas of refuge
and inside enclosed exit stairways. The fire department
communication device shall be provided at each floor
level within the enclosed exit stairway.

Exception: Fire department radio systems where
approved by the fire department.

907.2.13 Atriums connecting more than two stories. A

fire alarm system shall be installed in occupancies with an
atrium that connects more than two stories. The system shall
be activated in accordance with Section 907.7. Such occu-
pancies in Group A, E or M shall be provided with an emer-
gency voice/alarm communication system complying with
the requirements of Section 907.2.12.2.

907.2.14 High-piled combustible storage areas. An auto-
matic fure detection system shall be installed throughout
high-piled combustible storage areas where required by
Section 2306.5.

907.2.15 Delayed egress locks. Where delayed egress
locks or devices are installed on means of egress doors in
accordance with Section 1008.1.8.6, an automatic smoke

detection system shall be installed as required by that sec-
tion.

907.2.15.1 In other than Group I occupancies and Group
R-4 occupancies for single-story buildings, smoke detec-
tors shall be installed at ceilings throughout all occupied
areas and mechanical/electrical spaces. For multi-
ple-story buildings, smoke detectors shall be installed
throughout all occupied areas and mechanical/electrical
spaces for the story where delayed egress devices are
installed. Additional detectors are required on adjacent
stories where occupants of those stories utilize the same
means of egress.

907.2.15.2 For Group I. Smoke detectors shall be
installed at ceilings throughout all occupied areas,
restrooms, closets, storage rooms and mechanical/elec-
trical spaces of smoke compartments where delayed
egress locks are installed. Heat detectors may be used in
kitchens, laundry rooms and rooms of similar use. Addi-
tional detectors are required in adjacent smoke compart-
ments where occupants of those compartments utilize the
same means of egress.

907.2.15.3 For Group R-4. Occupancies licensed as res-
idential care facilities for the elderly, and housing clients
with Alzheimer's disease or dementia residential facili-
ties, smoke detectors shall be installed at ceilings
throughout all occupied areas, restrooms, closets, stor-
age rooms and mechanical/electrical spaces. Heat
detectors may be used in kitchens, laundry rooms and
rooms of similar use.

907.2.16 Aerosol storage uses. Aerosol storage rooms and
general-purpose warehouses containing aerosols shall be
provided with an approved manual fire alarm system where
required by this code.

907.2.17 Lumber, wood structural panel and veneer
mills. Lumber, wood structural panel and veneer mills shall
be provided with a manual fire alarm system.

907.2.18 Underground buildings with smoke exhaust

systems. Where a smoke exhaust system is installed in an
underground building in accordance with the California
Building Code, automatic fire detectors shall be provided in
accordance with this section.

907.2.18.1 Smoke detectors. A minimum of one smoke
detector Usted for the intended purpose shall be installed
in the following areas:

1. Mechanical equipment, electrical, transformer,
telephone equipment, elevator machine or similar-
rooms.

2. Elevator lobbies.

3. The main return and exhaust air plenum of each
air-conditioning system serving more than one
story and located in a serviceable area downstream
of the last duct inlet.

4. Each connection to a vertical duct or riser serving
two or more floors from return air ducts or ple-
nums of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
systems, except that in Group R occupancies, a

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listed smoke detector is allowed to be used in each
return-air riser carrying not more than 5,000 cfm
(2.4 mVs) and serving not more than 10 air inlet
openings.

907.2.18.2 Alarm required. Activation of the smoke
exhaust system shall activate an audible alarm at a con-
stantly attended location.

907.2.19 Underground buildings. Where the lowest level
of a structure is more than 60 feet (18 288 mm) below the
lowest level of exit discharge, the structure shall be
equipped throughout with a manual fire alarm system,
including an emergency voice/alarm communication sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section 907.2.12.2.

907.2.19.1 Public address system. Where a fire alarm
system is not required by Section 907.2, a public address
system shall be provided which shall be capable of trans-
mitting voice communications to the highest level of exit
discharge serving the underground portions of the struc-
ture and all levels below.

907.2.20 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings
exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645 m^) in total floor area
shall be provided with an emergency voice/alai'm communi-
cation system. An emergency voice/alarm communication
system serving a mall, required or otherwise, shall be acces-
sible to the fire department. The system shall be provided in
accordance with Section 907.2.12.2.

907.2.21 Residential aircraft hangars. A minimum of one
listed smoke alarm shall be installed within a residential air-
craft hangar as defined in the California Building Code and
shall be interconnected into the residential smoke alarm or
other sounding device to provide an alarm which will be
audible in all sleeping areas of the dwelling.

907.2.22 Airport traffic control towers. An automatic fire
detection system shall be provided in airport traffic control
towers.

907.2.23 Battery rooms. An approved automatic smoke
detection system shall be installed in areas containing sta-
tionary storage battery systems having a liquid capacity of
more than 50 gallons (189 L). The detection system shall be
supervised by an approved central, proprietary, or remote
station service or a local alarm which will sound an audible
signal at a constantly attended location.

907.2.24 Motion picture and television production studio
sound stages and approved production facilities.

907.2.24.1 Sound stages — solid-ceiling sets and plat-
forms. All interior solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet
(55. 7 m^) in area, and platforms (when provided) over
600 square feet (55. 7 m^) in area and which exceed 3 feet
(914 mm) in height shall be protected by one of the fol-
lowing:

to an approved and listed central, proprietary or
remote station service or a local alarm which will
give an audible signal at a constantly attended lo-
cation. Such system shall be installed in accor-
dance with this chapter.

2. The ceiling shall be positioned to allow for the op-
eration of the building's automatic fire sprinkler
system after rehearsal, videotaping, filming, or
broadcasting of programs has been completed for
the day.

3. An approved fire watch.

4. Special hazards shall be reviewed by the fire code
official (see Additional Fire Protection Systems,
Section 901.4.3).

907.2.24.2 Production locations — solid-ceiling sets
and platforms. In buildings with existing fire protection
systems and where production intends to construct
solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet (55. 7 w?) in area,
and platforms over 600 square feet (55. 7 m^) in area and
which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected
by one of the following:

1. An approved and listed heat detector system. Heat
detectors shall be spaced 30 feet (9144 mm) on
center or as required by the manufacturer's instal-
lation instructions. Detectors shall be connected
to an approved and listed central, proprietary or
remote station service or a local alarm which will
give an audible signal at a constantly attended lo-
cation. Such system shall be installed in accor-
dance with this chapter.

3. An approved fire watch.

4. Special hazards shall be reviewed by the enforcing
agency (see additional fire protection systems,
Section 901.4.3.).

907.2.24.3 Fire alarm control units. Fire alarm control
units shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and
shall be utilized in accordance with their listing. Control
units may be temporarily supported by sets, platforms or
pedestals.

907.2.24.4 Heat detectors. Heat detection required by
this section shall be defined as a portable system as it is
intended to be reinstalled when platforms or sets are
changed.

Heat detectors shall be secured to standard outlet
boxes which may be temporarily supported by sets, plat-
forms or pedestals.

Heat detectors shall be provided for solid-ceiling sets
and platforms where required by Section 4605.3 and
4611.14.

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907.2.25 Group C occupancies (Organized Camps).

907.2.25.1 General. Every building and structure used
or intended for sleeping purposes shall be provided with
an automatic smoke-detection system.

Exceptions:

1. Buildings and structures in existence and in op-
eration prior to January 1, 1985.

2. Tents, tent structures and buildings and struc-
tures that do not exceed 25 ft (7620 mm) in any
lateral dimensions and where such building or
structure is not more than one story.

907.2.25.2 Camp fire alarm. Every organized camp
shall provide and maintain a device or devices suitable
for sounding afire alarm. Such device or devices may be
of any type acceptable to the enforcing agency provided
they are distinctive in tone from all other signaling
devices or systems and shall be audible throughout the
camp premises. When an automatic fire alarm system is
provided, as required by Section 440.6.6 of the Califor-
nia Building Code, all signaling devices required by this
section shall be of the same type as'that used in the auto-
matic system.

907.2.26 Fixed guideway transits systems fire alarm and
communication systems.

907.2.26.1 General. Everyfixed guideway transit station
shall be provided with an approved fire alarm system.
The alarm and communication systems shall be propri-
etary, designed and installed so that damage to any one
speaker will not render any paging zone of the system
inoperative.

Exception: Open stations.

The voice alarm and public address system may be a
combined system. When approved by the fire department,
a communications system may be combined with the
voice alarm system and the public address system. Such
combined systems shall meet the requirements of the
California Electrical Code.

907.2.26.2 System components. Each station fire alarm
system shall consist of:

1. Fire alarm control unit at a location as permitted
by the enforcing agency.

2. An alarm annunciator(s). The annunciator(s)
shall be located at a point acceptable to the enforc-
ing agency. The annunciator(s) shall indicate the
type of device and general location of alarm. All
alarm, supervisory and trouble signals shall be
transmitted to the local annunciator(s) and the

oca

3. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided
throughout passenger platforms and stations.

Exception: Voice alarm reporting devices
(emergency telephones) may be used in lieu of
manual fire alarm boxes as permitted by the
enforcing agency.

Such devices shall provide two-way communication
between the OCC and each device. Such devices shall be
located as required for manual fire alarm boxes, and
shall be distinctly identified by signs, coloring, or other
means acceptable to the enforcing agency.

4. Automatic smoke detectors in all ancillary spaces.

Exceptions:

1. Ancillary spaces protected by an ap-
proved fixed automatic extinguishing sys-
tem; or

2. Ancillary spaces protected by quick-re-
sponse sprinklers.

5. Automatic control of exiting components.

907.2.26.3 Combined voice alarm/public address sys-
tem. Each station shall be provided with a one-way pag-
ing system(s) capable of transmitting voice, tape or
electronically generated messages to all areas of the sta-
tion. The system(s) shall be configured such that the mes-
sages can be initiated from either the Emergency
Management Panel (EMP) or the OCC.

907.2.26.4 Emergency telephones. A dedicated emer-
gency phone system shall be provided in all underground
stations to facilitate direct communications for emer-

' gency response between remote locations and the EMP.

907.2.26.4.1 The remote phones shall be located at
ends of station platforms, each hose outlet connection
and station valve rooms.

907.2.26.4.2 Provisions shall be made in the design of
this system for extensions of the system to the next pas-
senger station or guideway portal.

907.2.27 Winery caves. An approved manual fire alarm sys-
tem conforming to the provisions of Section 907.2.1 shall be
provided in all Type 3 winery caves.

907.3 Where required — retroactive in existing buildings
and structures. An approved manual, automatic or manual
and automatic fire alarm system shall be installed in existing
buildings and structures in accordance with Sections 907.3.1
through 907.3.1.8. Where automatic sprinkler protection is
provided in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2
and connected to the building fire alarm system, automatic heat
detection required by this section shall not be required.

An approved automatic fire detection system shall be
installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and
NFPA 72. Devices, combinations of devices, appliances and
equipment shall be approved. The automatic fire detectors shall
be smoke detectors, except an approved alternative type of
detector shall be installed in spaces such as boiler rooms where,
during normal operation, products of combustion ai"e present in
sufficient quantity to actuate a smoke detector.

907.3.1 Occupancy requirements. A fire alarm system
shall be installed in accordance with Sections 907.3.1.1
through 907.3.1.8.

Exception: Occupancies with an existing, previously
approved fire alarm system.

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907.3.1.1 Group E. A fire alarm system shall be
installed in existing Group E occupancies in accordance
with Section 907.2.3.

Exceptions:

1. A building with a maximum area of 1,000
square feet (93 m^) that contains a single class-
room and is located no closer than 50 feet (15
240 mm) from another building.

2. Group E with an occupant load less than 50.

907.3.1.2 Group I-l. A fire alarm system shall be
installed in existing Group I-l residential care/assisted
living facilities.

Exception: Where each sleeping room has a means of
egress door opening directly to an exterior egress bal-
cony that leads directly to the exits in accordance with
Section 1014.5, and the building is not more than
three stories in height.

907.3.1.3 Group 1-2 and Group 1-2.1. A &e alarm sys-
tem shall be installed in existing Group 1-2 1 and Group
1-2. 1 occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.6.2.

907.3.1.3.1 Existing Group I occupancies: In pro-
jects requiring the Office of Statewide Health Plan-
ning and Development approval in existing Group 1-2
and 1-2. 1 occupancies located in buildings defined as
hospitals in Section 1250 of the Health and Safety
Code, facilities not equipped with an automatic sprin-
kler system throughout shall be equipped with an
automatic fire alarm system which responds to the
products of combustion other than heat.

Exception: Heat detectors may be used in closets,
unusable spaces under floor areas, storage rooms,
bathrooms, and rooms of similar use.

907.3.1.4 Group 1-3. A fire alarm system shall be
installed in existing Group 1-3 occupancies in accor-
dance with Section 907.2.6.3.

907.3.1.5 Group R-1 hotels and motels. A fue alarm
system shall be installed in existing Group R- 1 hotels and
motels more than three stories or with more than 20
sleeping units.

Exception: Buildings less than two stories in height
where all sleeping units, attics and crawl spaces are
sepai'ated by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construc-
tion and each sleeping unit has direct access to a pub-
lic way, exit court or yard.

907.3.1.6 Group R-1 boarding and rooming houses. A

fire alai-m system shall be installed in existing Group R-1
boai'ding and rooming houses.

Exception: Buildings that have single-station smoke
alai^ms meeting or exceeding the requirements of Sec-
tion 907.2.10.1 and where the fu^e alai'm system
includes at least one manual fire alarm box per floor
aiTanged to initiate the alarm.

907.3.1.7 Group R-2. A fire alai-m system shall be
installed in existing Group R-2 occupancies more than

three stories in height or with more than 16 dwelling
units or sleeping units.

Exceptions:

1. Where each living unit is separated from other
contiguous living units by fire baixiers having a
fire-resistance rating of not less than 0.75 hour,
and where each living unit has either its own in-
dependent exit or its own independent stairway
or ramp discharging at grade.

2. A separate fire alarm system is not required in
buildings that ar-e equipped throughout with an
approved supervised automatic sprinkler sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section
903.3. 1. 1 or 903.3. 1.2 and having a local alarm
to notify all occupants.

3 . A fire alai'm system is not required in buildings
that do not have interior corridors serving
dwelling units and are protected by an approved
automatic sprinkler system installed in accor-
dance with Section 903. 3. 1.1 or 903.3.1.2, pro-
vided that dwelling units either have a means of
egress door opening directly to an exterior exit
access that leads directly to the exits or are
served by open-ended corridors designed in ac-
cordance with Section 1023.6, Exception 4.

907.3.1.8 Group R-4. A fire alarm system shall be
installed in existing Group R-4 residential care/assisted
living facilities.

Exceptions:

1. Where there are interconnected smoke alarms
meeting the requirements of Section 907.2.10
and there is at least one manual fire alarm box
per floor arranged to sound continuously the
smoke alarms.

2. Other manually activated, continuously sound-
ing alarms approved by the fire code official.

907. 3. 1. 9 Existing Group R-1 and Group R-2 high-rise.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 403.20, every
existing high-rise building used for the housing of a
Group R-I or Group R-2 occupancies shall have
installed therein afire alarm system conforming to this
subsection.

907.3.1.9.1 General. Every apartment house and
every hotel shall have installed therein an automatic
or manually operated fire alarm system. Such fire
alarm systems shall be so designed that all occupants
of the building may be warned simultaneously.

907.3.1.9.2 Installation. The installation of all fire
alarm equipment shall be in accordance with this
code.

907.3.1.10 Existing high-rise buildings.

907.3.1.10.1 Fire alarm system. Every existing
high-rise building shall be provided with an approved
fire alarm system. In department stores, retail sales
stores and similar occupancies where the general
public is admitted, such systems shall be of a type

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

capable of alerting staff and employees. In office
buildings and all other high-rise buildings, such sys-
tems shall be of a type capable of alerting all occu-
pants simultaneously.

Exceptions:

1. In areas of public assemblage, the type and
location of audible appliances shall be as
determined by the enforcing agency.

2. When acceptable to the enforcing agency,
the occupant voice notification system re-
quired by California Building Code Section
3412.21 may be used in lieu of the fire alarm
system.

907.3.1.10.2 Existing systems. Existing fire-alarm
systems, when acceptable to the enforcing agency,
shall be deemed as conforming to the provisions of
these regulations.

907.3.1.10.3 Annunciation. When a new fire alarm
system is installed, it shall be connected to an annun-
ciator panel installed in a location approved by the
enforcing agency.

For purposes of annunciation, zoning shall be in
accordance with Section 907.9.

907.3.1.10.4 Monitoring. Shall be in accordance
with Section 907.15.

907.3.1.10.5 Systems interconnection. When an
automatic fire detection system or automatic extin-
guishing system is installed, activation of such system
shall cause the sounding of the fire alarm notification
appliances at locations designated by the enforcing
agency.

907.3.1.10.6 Manual fire alarm boxes. A manual fire
alarm box shall be provided in the locations desig-
nated by the enforcing agency. Such locations shall be
where boxes are readily accessible and visible and in
normal paths of daily travel by occupants of the build-
ing.

907.3.1.10.7 Emergency voice/alarm communica-
tion system. An approved emergency voice/alarm
communication system shall be provided in every
existing high-rise building which exceeds 150 feet
(45720 mm) in height measured in the manner set
forth in Section 403.2.1. Such system shall provide
communication from a location available to and des-
ignated by the enforcing agency to not less than all
public areas.

The emergency voice/alarm communication sys-
tem may be combined with afire alarm system provide
the combined system has been approved and listed by
the State Fire Marshal. The sounding of afire alarm
signal in any given area or floor shall not prohibit
voice communication to other areas of floors. Combi-
nation systems shall be designed to permit voice

transmission to override the fire alarm signal, but the
fire alarm signal shall not terminate in less than three
minutes.

907.3.1.10.8 Fire department system. When it is
determined by test that portable fire department com-
munication equipment is ineffective, a communica-
tion system acceptable to the enforcing agency shall
be installed within the building to permit emergency
communication between fire suppression personnel.

907.3.1.10.9 Smoke control systems. Existing
air-circulation systems shall be provided with an
override switch in a location approved by the enforc-
ing agency which will allow for the manual control of
shutdown of the systems.

Exception: Systems which serve only a single
floor, or portion thereof, without any penetration
by ducts or other means into adjacent floors.

907.3.1.10.10 Elevator recall smoke detection.

Smoke detectionfor emergency operation of elevators
shall he provided in accordance with Section 607.

907.3.2 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms. Sin-
gle- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in
existing Group R and Group I-l occupancies in accordance
with Sections 907.3.2.1 through 907.3.2.3.

907.3.2.1 General. Existing Group R and Group I-l
occupancies not already provided with single-station
smoke alarms shall be provided with approved sin-
gle-station smoke alarms. Installation shall be in accor-
dance with Section 907.2.10, except as provided in
Sections 907.3.2.2 and 907.3.2.3.

907.3.2.2 Interconnection. Where more than one
smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individ-
ual dwelling unit in Group R-2, R-3, R-3.1, R-4, and
Group I-l or within an individual sleeping unit in Group
R-1, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in such a
manner that the activation of one alarm will activate all of
the alarms in the individual unit. The alarm shall be
clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise
levels with all intervening doors closed.

Exceptions:

1 . Interconnection is not required in buildings that
are not undergoing alterations, repairs or con-
stiTiction of any kind.

2. Smoke alarms in existing areas ai-e not required
to be interconnected where alterations or re-
pairs do not result in the removal of interior wall
or ceiling finishes exposing the structure, un-
less there is an attic, crawl space or basement
available which could provide access for inter-
connection without the removal of interior fin-
ishes.

907.3.2.3 Power source. In Group R occupancies, sin-
gle-station smoke alarms shall receive their primary

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2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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power from the building wiring provided that such wir-
ing is served from a commercial source and shall be
equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms shall emit
a signal when the batteries ai'e low. Wiring shall be per-
manent and without a disconnecting switch other than as
required for overcurrent protection.

Exception: Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely
battery operated: in existing buildings where no con-
struction or construction, requiring a permit, not
exceeding $1000 has taken place; in buildings that are
not served from a commercial power source; and in
existing areas of buildings undergoing alterations or
repairs that do not result in the removal of interior
walls or ceiling finishes exposing the structure, unless
there is an attic, crawl space or basement available
which could provide access for building wiring with-
out the removal of interior finishes.

907.3.2.4 Group R-3.1. In all facilities housing a bedrid-
den client, smoke alarms shall receive their primary
power from the building wiring when such wiring is
served from a commercial source and shall be equipped
with a battery backup. Smoke alarms shall be electrically
interconnected so as to cause all smoke alarms to sound
a distinctive alarm signal upon actuation of any single
smoke alarm. Such alarm signal shall be audible
throughout the facility at a minimal level of 15 db above
ambient noise level. These devices need not be intercon- -
nected to any other fire alarm device, have a control
panel, or be electrically supervised or provided with
emergency power.

907.4 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alai-m boxes shall
be installed in accordance with Sections 907.4.1 through
907.4.5.

907.4.1 Location. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be located
not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the entrance to each
exit. Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be located so
that travel distance to the neai'est box does not exceed 200
feet (60 960 mm).

Exception: When individual dwelling units are served by
a single exit stairway, additional boxes at other than the
ground floor may be omitted.

907.4.2 Height. The height of the manual fire alarm boxes
shall be a minimum of 42 inches (1067 mm) and a maxi-
mum of 48 inches (1219 mm) measured vertically, from the
floor level to the [DSA-AC] highest point of the activating
handle or lever of the box. [DSA-AC] Manual fire alarm
boxes shall also comply with Chapter IIB, Section 1117B.6
item 4 of the California Building Code.

Exception: [DSA-AC] In existing buildings there is no
requirement to retroactively relocate existing manual fire
alarm boxes to a minimum of 42 inches (1067 mm) and a
maximum of 48 inches (1219 mm) from the floor level to
the activating handle or lever of the box.

907.4.3 Color. Manual fire alai-m boxes shall be red in color.

907.4.4 Signs. Where fire alarm systems are not monitored
by a supei-vising station, an approved permanent sign shall
be installed adjacent to each manual fire alai'm box that

reads: WHEN ALARM SOUNDS— CALL FIRE
DEPARTMENT. .

Exception: Where the manufacturer has permanently
provided this information on the manual fire alarm box.

907.4.5 Operation. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be opera-
ble with one hand including boxes with protective covers.

907.4.6 Protective covers. The fire code official is autho-
rized to require the installation of listed manual fire alai^m
box protective covers to prevent malicious false alai-ms or to
provide the manual fire alami box with protection from
physical damage. The protective cover shall be transparent
or red in color with a transparent face to permit visibihty of
the manual fire alai-m box. Each cover shall include proper
operating instructions. A protective cover that emits a local
alarm signal shall not be installed unless approved. Each
cover shall not. exceed a combined projection over 4 inches
from the surface of the wall into walks, halls, corridors, pas-
sageways or aisles.

907.5 Power supply. The primary and secondary power supply
for the fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with
NFPA 72.

907.6 Wiring. Wiring shall comply with the requirements of
the California Electrical Code and NFPA 72. Wireless protec-
tion systems utilizing radio-frequency transmitting devices
shall comply with the special requirements for supervision of
low-power wireless systems in NFPA 72.

907.7 Activation. Where an alaim notification system is
required by another section of this code, it shall be activated by:

1. Automatic fire alai-m system.

2. Sprinkler water-flow devices.

3. Manual fire alarm boxes.

907.8 Presignal system. Presignal systems shall not be
installed unless approved by the fire code official and the fire
department. Where a presignal system is installed, 24-hour
personnel supervision shall be provided at a location approved
by the fire department, in order that the alarm signal can be
actuated in the event of fire or other emergency.

907.9 Zones. Fire alarm systems shall be divided into zones
where required by this section. For the purposes of annuncia-
tion and notification, zoning shall be in accordance with the
following:

1. Where the fire-protective signaling system serves more
than one building, each building shall be considered as a
separate zone.

2. Each floor of a building shall be considered as a separate
zone.

3. Each section of floor of a building that is separated by
fire walls or by horizontal exits shall be considered as a
separate zone.

4. Each zone shall not exceed 22,500 square feet (2090 m^).
The length of any zone shall not exceed 300 feet (91 440
mm) in any direction.

Exception: Automatic sprinkler system zones shall
not exceed the area permitted by NFPA 13.

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5. For Group 1-3 occupancies each cell complex shall be
considered a separate zone.

6. Annunciation shall be further divided into zones where
deemed necessary by the enforcing agency.

907.9.1 Annunciation. Alarm, supervisory and trouble sig-
nals shall be annunciated in the main control unit by means
of an audible signal and a visual display in accordance with
NFPA 72. Identification of the type of alarm and supervi-
sory initiating devices, such as manual, automatic, sprin-
kler waterflow, sprinkler valve supervisory, fire-pump
supervisory, etc., shall be separately indicated.

Exception: Group R-3 occupancies.

907. 9.2 Annunciator panel. An annunciator panel comply-
ing with Section 907.8.1 and the associated controls shall be
provided in an approved remote location where deemed
necessary by the enforcing agency. The visual zone indica-
tion shall lock in until the system is reset and shall not be
canceled by the operation of an audible alarm-silencing
switch.

907.9.3 High-rise buildings. In high-rise buildings, a sepa-
rate zone by floor shall be provided for all of the following
types of alarm-initiating devices where provided:

1. Smoke detectors.

2. Sprinkler water-flow devices.

3. Manual fire alarm boxes.

4. Other approved types of automatic fire detection de-
vices or suppression systems.

907.9.4 Notification zoning. Upon activation of initiating
devices where occupant notification is required for evacua-
tion, all notification zones shall operate simultaneously
throughout the building.

Exceptions:

1. High-rise buildings as permitted in Section
907.2.12.2.

2. In hospitals and convalescent facilities with
staff-alerting notification appliances or
voice/alarm communication, zoning shall be in ac-
cordance with the approved fire plan.

3. Detention facilities.

4. Upon approval by the fire code official in buildings
which are sprinklered throughout, specific notifi-
cation zoning shall be permitted where the notifi-
cation zones are separated by a minimum of a
2-hour fire barrier and 2-hour fire-resistive floor
assembly. The system shall have the capability to
activate all other notification zones by automatic
and manual means.

5. Upon approval by the fire code official in buildings
which are sprinklered throughout, specific notifi-
cation zoning shall be permitted where the acti-
vated initiating device or fire extinguishing system

is separated from any nonactive notification zones
by a minimum horizontal distance of 300 feet. The
system shall have the capability to activate all
other notification zones by automatic and manual
means.

907.10 Alarm notification appliances. Alarm notification
appliances shall be provided and shall be listed for their pur-
pose.

907.10.1 Visible alarms. Visible alarm notification appU-
ances shall be provided in accordance with Sections
907.10.1.1 through 907.10.1.5.

Exceptions:

1. In other than Groups 1-2 and 1-2.1, visible alarm
notification appliances are not required in alter-
ations, except where an existing fire alarm system
is upgraded or replaced, or a new fire alarm system
is installed.

2. Visible alai'm notification appliances shall not be
required in enclosed exit stairways, exterior exit
stairs, and exterior exit ramps.

907.10.1.1 Public and common use areas. Visible
alarm notification apphances shall be provided in public
use areas and common use areas including but not limited
to:

1. Sanitary facilities including restrooms, bath-
rooms and shower rooms.

2. Corridors.

3. Music practice rooms.

4. Band rooms.

5. Gymnasiums.

6. Multipurpose rooms.

7. Occupational shops.

8. Occupied rooms where ambient noise impairs
hearing of the fire alarm.

9. Lobbies.

10. Meeting rooms.

11. Classrooms.

907.10.1.2 Employee work areas. Where employee
work areas have audible alarm coverage, the notification
appliance circuits serving the employee work ai-eas shall
be initially designed with a minimum of 20 percent spare
capacity to account for the potential of adding visible
notification apphances in the future to accommodate
hearing impaired employee(s).

907.10.1.3 Groups I-l and R-1. Group I-l and R-1
sleeping units in accordance with Table 907. 10. 1 .3 shall
be provided with a visible alarm notification appliance,
activated by both the in-room smoke alarm and tiie build-
ing fire alarm system.

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TABLE 907.1 0.1 .3
VISIBLE AND AUDIBLE ALARMS

NUMBER OF SLEEPING
UNITS

SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS WITH
VISIBLE AND AUDIBLE ALARMS

6 to 25

26 to 50

51 to 75

76 to 100

101 to 150

151 to 200

201 to 300

301 to 400

401 to 500

501 to 1,000

5% of total

1,001 and over

50 plus 3 for each 100 over 1,000

Also, see Chapter IIB, Section 11113.4.5, Table llB-3 and Table llB-4 of
the California Building Code.

907.10.1.4 Group R-2. In Group R-2 occupancies
required by Section 907 to have a fire alarm system, all
dwelling units and sleeping units shall be provided with
the capability to support visible alarm notification appli-
ances in accordance with NFPA 72.

907.10.1.5 Groups I-l, R-3.1 andR-4. Protective social
care facilities which house persons who are hearing
impaired, shall be provided with notification appliances
for the hearing impaired installed in accordance with
NFPA 72 and which shall activate upon initiation of the
fire alarm system or the smoke alarms.

907.10.2 Audible alarms. Audible alarm notification appli-
ances shall be provided and shall sound a distinctive sound
that is not to be used for any purpose other than that of a fire
alarm. The audible alarm notification appliances shall pro-
vide a sound pressure level of 15 decibels (dBA) above the
average ambient sound level or 5 dBA above the maximum
sound level having duration of at least 60 seconds, which is
greater, in every occupied space within the building. The
minimum sound pressure levels shall be: 75 dBA in occu-
pancies in Group R and I-l; 90 dBA in mechanical equip-
ment rooms and 60 dBA in other occupancies. The
maximum sound pressure level for audible alarm notifica-
tion appliances shall he 110 dBA at the minimum hearing
distance from the audible appliance. Where the average
ambient noise is greater than 95 dBA, visible alarm notifica-
tion appliances shall be provided in accordance with NFPA
72 and audible alarm notification appliances shall not be
required.

In Group 1-2 occupancies, audible appliances placed in
patient areas shall be only chimes or similar sounding
devices for alerting staff.

Exception: Visible alarm notification appliances shall
be allowed in lieu of audible alarm notification appli-
ances inpatient areas of Group 1-2 occupancies.

907.10.2.1 Audible alarm signal. The audible signal
shall be the standard fire alarm evacuation signal, ANSI
S34.1 Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal, "three
pulse temporal pattern," as described in NFPA 72.

Exception: The use of the existing evacuation signal-
ing scheme shall be permitted where approved by the
enforcing agency.

907.11 Fire safety functions. Automatic fire detectors utilized
for the purpose of performing fire safety functions shall be con-
nected to the building's fire alarm control unit where a fire
alarm system is installed. Detectors shall, upon actuation, per-
form the intended function and activate the alarm notification
appliances or activate a visible and audible supervisory signal
at a constantly attended location. In buildings not required to be

I equipped with a fire alarm system, the automatic fire detector
shall be powered by normal electrical service and, upon actua-
tion, perform the intended function. The detectors shall be
located in accordance with Chapter 5 of NFPA 72.

907.12 Duct smoke detectors. Duct smoke detectors shall be
connected to the building's fire alarm control unit when a fire
alarm system is provided. Activation of a duct smoke detector
shall initiate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a con-
stantly attended location. Duct smoke detectors shall not be
used as a substitute for required open area detection.

Exceptions:

1. The supervisory signal at a constantly attended loca-
tion is not required where duct smoke detectors acti-
vate the building's alarm notification appliances.

2. In occupancies not required to be equipped with a fure
alarm system, actuation of a smoke detector shall acti-
vate a visible and an audible signal in an approved lo-
cation. Smoke detector ttouble conditions shall
activate a visible or audible signal in an approved lo-
cation and shall be identified as air duct detector tiou-
ble.

907.13 Access. Access shall be provided to each detector for
periodic inspection, maintenance and testing.

907.14 Fire-extinguishing systems. Automatic fire-extin-
guishing systems shall be connected to the building fire alarm
system where a frre alarm system is required by another section
of this code or is otherwise installed.

907.15 Monitoring. Fire alarm systems required by this chap-
ter or by the California Building Code shall be monitored by an
approved supervising station in accordance with NFPA 72.

Exception: Supervisory service is not required for:

1. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms required
by Section 907.2.10.

2. Group 1-3 occupancies shall be monitored in accor-
dance with Section 907.2.6.3.4.

3. Automatic sprinkler systems in one- and two-family
dwellings.

907.16 Automatic telephone-dialing devices. Automatic
telephone-dialing devices used to transmit an emergency alarm
shall not be connected to any fu'e department telephone number
unless approved by the fire chief

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907.17 Acceptance tests. Upon completion of the installation
of the fire alarm system, alarm notification appliances and cir-
cuits, alarm-initiating devices and circuits, supervisory-signal
initiating devices and circuits, signahng line circuits, primary
and secondary power supplies fire safety fiA.nction control
devices and interfaces, and off-site monitoring equipment shall
be tested in accordance with NFPA 72.

907.18 Record of completion. A record of completion in
accordance with NFPA 72 verifying that the system has been
installed in accordance with the approved plans and specifica-
tions shall be provided.

907.19 Instructions. Operating, testing and maintenance
instructions and record drawings ("as builts") and equipment
specifications shall be provided at an approved location.

907.20 Inspection, testing and maintenance. The mainte-
nance and testing schedules and procedures for fire alarm and
fire detection systems shall be in accordance with this section
and Chapter 10 of NFPA 72.

907.20.1 Maintenance required. Whenever or wherever
any device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement,
level of protection or any other feature is required for com-
pliance with the provisions of this code, such device, equip-
ment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection or
other feature shall thereafter be continuously maintained in
accordance with applicable NFPA requirements or as
directed by the fire code official.

907.20.2 Testing. Testing shall be performed in accordance
with the schedules in Chapter 10 of NFPA 72 or more fre-
quently where required by the fire code official. Where
automatic testing is performed at least weekly by a remotely
monitored fire alarm control unit specifically listed for the
application, the manual testing frequency shall be permitted
to be extended to annual.

Exception: devices or equipment that are inaccessible
for safety considerations shall be tested during scheduled
shutdowns where approved by the fu:e code official, but
not less than every 18 months.

907.20.3 Detector sensitivity. Smoke detector sensitivity
shall be checked within one year after installation and every
alternate year thereafter. After the second caUbration test,
where sensitivity tests indicate that the detector has
remained within its hsted and marked sensitivity range (or
4-percent obscuration light grey smoke, if not marked), the
length of time between calibration tests shall be permitted to
be extended to a maximum of five yeai-s. Where the fre-
quency is extended, records of detector-caused nuisance
alarms and subsequent trends of these alai-ms shall be main-
tained. In zones or areas where nuisance alarms show any
increase over the previous year, calibration tests shall be
performed.

907.20.4 Method. To ensure that each smoke detector is
within its listed and marked sensitivity range, it shall be
tested using either a calibrated test method, the manufac-
turer's calibrated sensitivity test instrument, listed contirol
equipment arranged for the purpose, a smoke detector/con-
ti-ol unit arrangement whereby the detector causes a signal at
the control unit where its sensitivity is outside its acceptable

sensitivity range or other calibrated sensitivity test method
acceptable to the fire code official. Detectors found to have a
sensitivity outside the listed and marked sensitivity range
shall be cleaned and recalibrated or replaced.

Exceptions:

1 . Detectors listed as field adjustable shall be permit-
ted to be either adjusted within the hsted and
marked sensitivity range and cleaned and
recalibrated or they shall be replaced.

2. This requirement shall not apply to single-station
smoke alarms.

907.20.4.1 Testing device. Detector sensitivity shall not
be tested or measured using a device that administers an
unmeasured concentration of smoke or other aerosol into
the detector.

907.20.5 Maintenance, inspection and testing. The build-
ing owner shall be responsible for ensuring that the fire and
life safety systems are maintained in an operable condition
at all times. Service personnel shall meet the quahfication
requirements of NFPA 72 for maintaining, inspecting and
testing such systems. A written record shall be maintained
and shall be made available to the fire code official.

SECTION 908
EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEMS

908.1 Group H occupancies. Emergency alarms for the detec-
tion and notification of an emergency condition in Group H
occupancies shall be provided as required in Chapter 27.

908.2 Group H-5 occupancy. Emergency alarms for notifica-
tion of an emergency condition in an HPM facility shall be pro-
vided as required in Section 1803.12. A continuous gas
detection system shall be provided for HPM gases in accor-
dance with Section 1803.13.

908.3 Highly toxic and toxic materials. Where required by
Section 3704.2.2.10, a gas detection system shall be provided
for indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed
gases.

908.4 Ozone gas-generator rooms. A gas detection system
shall be provided in ozone gas-generator rooms in accordance
with Section 3705.3.2.

908.5 Repair garages. A flammable-gas detection system
shall be provided in repair garages for vehicles fueled by
nonodorized gases in accordance with Section 221 1 .7.2.

908.6 Refrigeration systems. Refrigeration system machin-
ery rooms shall be provided with a refrigerant detector in
accordance with Section 606.8.

SECTION 909
SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS

909.1 Scope and purpose. This section applies to mechanical
or passive smoke control systems when they are required for
new buildings or portions thereof by provisions of the Califor-
nia Building Code or this code. The purpose of this section is to
establish minimum requirements for the design, installation

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and acceptance testing of smoke control systems that are
intended to provide a tenable environment for the evacuation or
relocation of occupants. These provisions are not intended for
the preservation of contents, the timely restoration of opera-
tions, or for assistance in fire suppression or overhaul activities.
Smoke control systems regulated by this section serve a differ-
ent purpose than the smoke- and heat- venting provisions found
in Section 910. Mechanical smoke control systems shall not be
considered exhaust systems under Chapter 5 of the California
Mechanical Code.

909.2 General design requirements. Buildings, structures, or
parts thereof required by the California Building Code or this
code to have a smoke control system or systems shall have such
systems designed in accordance with the applicable require-
ments of Section 909 and the generally accepted and
well-established principles of engineering relevant to the
design. The construction documents shall include sufficient
information and detail to describe adequately the eleinents of
the design necessaiy for the proper implementation of the
smoke control systems. These documents shall be accompa-
nied with sufficient information and analysis to demonstrate
compliance with these provisions.

909.3 Special inspection and test requirements. In addition
to the ordinary inspection and test requirements to which build-
ings, structures and paits thereof are required to undergo,
smoke control systems subject to the provisions of Section 909
shall undergo special inspections and tests sufficient to verify
the proper commissioning of the smoke control design in its
final installed condition. The design submission accompany-
ing the construction documents shall clearly detail procedures
and methods to be used and the items subject to such inspec-
tions and tests. Such commissioning shall be in accordance
with generally accepted engineering practice and, where possi-
ble, based on pubhshed standards for the particular testing
involved. The special inspections and tests required by this sec-
tion shall be conducted under the same terms as in Section 1704
of the California Building Code.

909.4 Analysis. A rational analysis supporting the types of
smoke control systems to be employed, the methods of their
operations, the systems supporting them, and the methods of
construction to be utilized shall accompany the construction
documents submission and include, but not be limited to, the
items indicated in Sections 909.4.1 through 909.4.6.

909.4.1 Stack effect. The system shall be designed such
that the maximum probable normal or reverse stack effect
will not adversely interfere with the system's capabilities. In
determining the maximum probable stack effect, altitude,
elevation, weather history and interior temperatures shall be
used.

909.4.2 Temperature effect of fire. Buoyancy and expan-
sion caused by the design fire in accordance with Section
909.9 shall be analyzed. The system shall be designed such
that these effects do not adversely interfere with the system's
capabilities.

909.4.3 Wind effect. The design shall consider the adverse
effects of wind. Such consideration shall be consistent with
the wind-loading provisions of the California Building
Code.

909.4.4 Systems. The design shall consider the effects of
the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) sys-
tems on both smoke and fire transport. The analysis shall
include all permutations of systems status. The design shall
consider the effects of the fu'e on the heating, ventilating and
aii'-conditioning systems.

909.4.5 Climate. The design shall consider the effects of
low temperatures on systems, property and occupants. Air
inlets and exhausts shall be located so as to prevent snow or
ice blockage.

909.4.6 Duration of operation. All portions of active or
passive smoke control systems shall be capable of continued
operation after detection of the fii-e event for a period of not
less than either 20 minutes or 1 .5 times the calculated egress
time, whichever is less.

909.5 Smoke barrier construction. Smoke barriers shall
comply with the California Building Code. Smoke barriers
shall be constructed and sealed to limit leakage areas exclusive
of protected openings. The maximum allowable leakage area
shall be the aggregate area calculated using the following leak-
age area ratios:

1. Walls:

2. Exit enclosures:

3. All other shafts:

AM,^= 0.00100
A/A,„= 0.00035
AIA, = 0.00150

4. Floors and roofs: AIA^, = 0.00050

where:

A = Total leakage area, square feet (m^).

Ap = Unit floor or roof ai-ea of barrier, square feet (m^).

A,^ = Unit wall area of barrier, square feet (m^).

The leakage area ratios shown do not include openings due
to doors, operable windows or similar gaps. These shall be
included in calculating the total leakage area.

909.5.1 Leakage area. Total leakage area of the barrier is
the product of the smoke barrier gross area multiplied by the
allowable leakage ai-ea ratio, plus the area of other openings
such as gaps and operable windows. Compliance shall be
determined by achieving the minimum air pressm^e differ-
ence across the barrier with the system in the smoke control
mode for mechanical smoke control systems. Passive
smoke control systems tested using other approved means,
such as door fan testing, shall be as approved by the fii-e code
official.

909.5.2 Opening protection. Openings in smoke baixiers
shall be protected by self-closing devices or automatic-clos-
ing devices actuated by the required controls for the
mechanical smoke control system. Door openings shall be
protected by fire door assembUes complying with Section

715.4.3 of the California Building Code.

Exceptions:

1. Passive smoke control systems with auto-
matic-closing devices actuated by spot-type
smoke detectors listed for releasing service in-
stalled in accordance with Section 901.11. When
used in Group 1-2, such detectors shall activate the

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building fire alarm system and shall close all the
smoke barrier doors within the effected zone.

2. Fixed openings between smoke zones that are pro-
tected utilizing the airflow method in other than
Group 1-2.

3. In Group 1-2, where doors are installed across cor-
ridors, a pair of opposite-swinging doors without a
center mullion or horizontal sliding doors that
comply with Section 1008.1.3.3. Vision panels
consisting of fire-rated glazing in approved frames
shall be provided in each cross-corridor swinging
door and at each cross-corridor horizontal-sliding
door in a smoke barrier. The doors shall be close
fitting within operational tolerances, and shall not
have undercuts, louvers or grilles. Swinging doors
shall have head and jamb stops and astragals or
rabbets at meeting edges. Doors installed across
corridors shall be automatic closing by smoke de-
tection in accordance with Section 715.4. 7.3 Cali-
fornia Building Code. Positive-latching devices
are required. Doors installed across corridors
shall comply with Section 1008.1.1.

4. Group 1-3.

5. Openings between smoke zones with clear ceiling
heights of 14 feet (4267 mm) or greater and
bank-down capacity of greater than 20 minutes as
determined by the design fire size.

6. In Group 1-2, smoke damper activation may be ac-
complished by a fire alarm control unit provided
that an open area smoke detection system is pro-
vided within all areas served by an HVAC system.

909.5.2.1 Ducts and air transfer openings. Ducts and
air transfer openings are required to be protected with a
minimum Class 11, 250°F (121 °C) smoke damper com-
plying with Section 7 1 6 of the California Building Code.

909.6 Pressurization method. The primary mechanical
means of controlling smoke shall be by pressure differences
across smoke barriers. Maintenance of a tenable environment
is not required in the smoke-control zone of fire origin.

909.6.1 Minimum pressure difference. The minimum
pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be
0.05-inch water gage (0.0124 kPa) in fully sprinklered
buildings.

In buildings allowed to be other tlian fully sprinklered,
the smoke control system shall be designed to achieve pres-
sure differences at least two times the maximum calculated
pressure difference produced by the design fire.

909.6.2 Maximum pressure difference. The maximum air
pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be deter-
mined by required door-opening or closing forces. The
actual force required to open exit doors when the system is
in the smoke control mode shall be in accordance with Sec-
tion 1008.1.2. Opening and closing forces for other doors
shall be determined by standard engineering methods for
the resolution offerees and reactions. The calculated force

to set a side-hinged, swinging door in motion shall be deter-
mined by:

F:^F a,+K{WAhP)l2{W-d)
where:

(Equation 9-1)

A = Door area, square feet (m^).

d = Distance from door handle to latch edge of door, feet
(m).

F = Total door opening force, pounds (N).

Fjc = Force required to overcome closing device, pounds

(N).
K = Coefficient 5.2 (1.0).
W = Door width, feet (m).
AP = Design pressure difference, inches of water (Pa).

909.7 Airflow design method. When approved by the fire
code official, smoke migration through openings fixed in a per-
manently open position, which are located between
smoke-control zones by the use of the airflow method, shall be
permitted. The design airflow shall be in accordance with this
section. AuHow shall be directed to limit smoke migration
from the fire zone. The geometry of openings shall be consid-
ered to prevent flow reversal from turbulent effects.

909.7.1 Velocity. The minimum average velocity through a
fixed opening shall not be less than:

v=2n.2[hiTf-T, )l (Tf+A6W (Equation 9-2)

For SI: v = 119.9 [h{Tf-T,)ITfY'

where:

h - Height of opening, feet (m).

Tf - Temperature of smoke, °F (K).

T„ = Temperature of ambient air, °F (K).

V = Air velocity, feet per minute (m/minute).

909.7.2 Prohibited conditions. This method shall not be
employed where either the quantity of air or the velocity of
the airflow will adversely affect other portions of the smoke
control system, unduly intensify the fire, disrupt plume
dynamics or interfere with exiting. In no case shall airflow
toward the fire exceed 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s).
Where the formula in Section 909.7. 1 requires airflows to
exceed this limit, the airflow method shall not be used.

909.8 Exhaust method. When approved by the fu-e code offi-
cial, mechanical smoke control for large enclosed volumes,
such as in atriums or malls, shall be permitted to utilize the
exhaust method. Smoke control systems using the exhaust
method shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 92B.

909.8.1 Smoke layer. The height of the lowest horizontal
surface of the accumulating smoke layer shall be main-
tained at least 6 feet (1829 mm) above any walking surface
that forms a portion of a required egress system within the
smoke zone.

909.9 Design fire. The design fire shaU be based on a rational
analysis performed by the registered design professional and
approved by the fire code official. The design fire shall be

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2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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based on the analysis in accordance with Section 909.4 and this
section.

909.9.1 Factors considered. The engineering analysis shall
include the chai'acteristics of the fuel, fuel load, effects
included by the fire, and whether the fire is likely to be
steady or unsteady.

909.9.2 Separation distance. Determination of the design
fire shall include consideration of the type of fuel, fuel spac-
ing and configuration.

909.9.3 Heat-release assumptions. The analysis shall
make use of best available data from approved sources and
shall not be based on excessively stringent limitations of
combustible material.

909.9.4 Sprinkler effectiveness assumptions. A docu-
mented engineering analysis shall be provided for condi-
tions that assume fire growth is halted at the time of
sprinkler activation.

909.10 Equipment. Equipment including, but not limited to,
fans, ducts, automatic dampers and balance dampers shall be
suitable for their intended use, suitable for the probable expo-
sure temperatures that the rational analysis indicates, and as
approved by the fire code official.

909.10.1 Exhaust fans. Components of exhaust fans shall
be rated and certified by the manufacturer for the probable
temperature rise to which the components will be exposed.
This temperature rise shall be computed by:

2;=((2c/'"c) + (rj (Equation 9-3)

where:

c - Specific heat of smoke at smokelayer temperature,
Btu/lb°F • (kJ/kg • K).

m = Exhaust rate, pounds per second (kg/s).

Q^ = Convective heat output of fire, Btu/s (kW).

T„ = Ambient temperature, °F (K).

T, - Smoke temperature, °F (K).

Exception: Reduced T^ as calculated based on the assur-
ance of adequate dilution air.

909.10.2 Ducts. Duct materials and joints shall be capable
of withstanding the probable temperatures and pressures to
which they are exposed as determined in accordance with
Section 909.10.1. Ducts shall be constructed and supported
in accordance with the California Mechanical Code. Ducts
shall be lealc tested to 1.5 times the maximum design pres-
sure in accordance with nationally accepted practices. Mea-
sured leakage shall not exceed 5 percent of design flow.
Results of such testing shall be a part of the documentation
procedure. Ducts shall be supported directly from fii'e-resis-
tance-rated structural elements of the building by substan-
tial, noncombustible supports.

Exception: Flexible connections (for the purpose of
vibration isolation) complying with the California
Mechanical Code and which are constructed of approved
fire-resistance-rated materials.

909.10.3 Equipment, inlets and outlets. Equipment shall
be located so as to not expose uninvolved portions of the

building to an additional fire hazard. Outside air inlets shall
be located so as to minimize the potential for introducing
smoke or flame into the building. Exhaust outlets shall be so
located as to minimize reintroduction of smoke into the
building and to limit exposure of the building or adjacent
buildings to an additional fire hazard.

909.10.4 Automatic dampers. Automatic dampers,
regardless of the purpose for which they are installed within
the smoke control system, shall be listed and conform to the
requirements of approved recognized standards.

909.10.5 Fans, In addition to other requirements,
belt-driven fans shall have 1.5 times the number of belts
required for the design duty with the minimum number of
belts being two. Fans shall be selected for stable perfor-
mance based on normal temperature and, where applicable,
elevated temperature. Calculations and manufacturer's fan
curves shall be part of the documentation procedures. Fans
shall be supported and restrained by noncombustible
devices in accordance with the structural design require-
ments of Chapter 16 of the California Building Code.
Motors driving fans shall not be operated beyond their
nameplate horsepower (kilowatts) as determined from mea-
surement of actual current draw and shall have a minimum
service factor of 1 . 1 5 .

909.11 Power systems. The smoke control system shall be
supplied with two sources of power. Primary power shall be
fi:om the normal building power system. Secondary power
shall be from an approved standby source complying with the
California Electrical Code. The standby power source and its
transfer switches shall be in a separate room from the normal
power ti-ansformers and switch gear and shall be enclosed in a
room constructed of not less than 1 -hour fire barriers ventilated
directly to and from the exterior. Power distiibution from the
two sources shall be by independent routes. Transfer to full
standby power shall be automatic and within 60 seconds of fail-
ure of the primary power. The systems shall comply with this
code or the California Electrical Code.

909.11.1 Power sources and power surges. Elements of
the smoke management system relying on volatile memo-
ries or the like shall be supplied with uninterruptable power
sources of sufficient duration to span 15-minute primary
power inteiTuption. Elements of the smoke management
system susceptible to power surges shall be suitably pro-
tected by conditioners, suppressors or other approved
means.

909.12 Detection and control systems. Fire detection systems
providing control input or output signals to mechanical smoke
control systems or elements thereof shall comply with the
requirements of Section 907. Such systems shall be equipped
with a control unit complying with UL 864 and listed as smoke
control equipment.

Conti'ol systems for mechanical smoke control systems shall
include provisions for verification. Verification shall include
positive confirmation of actuation, testing, manual override,
the presence of power downsti'eam of all disconnects and,
through a preprogrammed weekly test sequence, report abnor-
mal conditions audibly, visually and by printed report.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

125

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909.12.1 Wiring. In addition to meeting requirements of
the California Electrical Code, all wiring, regardless of
voltage, shall be fully enclosed within continuous raceways.

909.12.2 Activation. Smoke control systems shall be acti-
vated in accordance with this section.

909.12.2.1 Pressurizatlon, airflow or exhaust method.

Mechanical smoke control systems using the pressuriza-
tion, airflow or exhaust method shall have completely
automatic control.

909.12.2.2 Passive method. Passive smoke control sys-
tems actuated by approved spot-type detectors listed for
releasing service shall be permitted.

909.12.3 Automatic control. Where completely automatic
control is required or used, the automatic-control sequences
shall be initiated from an appropriately zoned automatic
sprinkler system complying with Section 903.3. 1 .1, manual
controls that are readily accessible to the fire department,
and any smoke detectors required by the engineering analy-
sis.

909.13 Control air tubing. Control air tubing shall be of suffi-
cient size to meet the required response times. Tubing shall be
flushed clean and dry prior to final connections and shall be
adequately supported and protected from damage. Tubing
passing through concrete or masonry shall be sleeved and pro-
tected from abrasion and electrolytic action.

909.13.1 Materials. Control ak tubing shall be hard drawn
copper, Type L, ACR in accordance with ASTM B 42,
ASTM B 43, ASTM B 68, ASTM B 88, ASTM B 251 and
ASTM B 280. Fittings shall be wrought copper or brass, sol-
der type, in accordance with ASME B 16.18 or ASME B
16.22. Changes in direction shall be made with appropriate
tool bends. Brass compression-type fittings shall be used at
final connection to devices; other joints shall be brazed
using a BCuP5 brazing alloy with solidus above 1,100°F
(593°C) and hquidus below 1,500°F (816°C). Brazing flux
shall be used on copper-to-brass joints only.

Exception: Nonmetallic tubing used within control pan-
els and at the final connection to devices, provided dl of
the following conditions are met:

1. Tubing shall be hsted by an approved agency for
flame and smoke characteristics.

2. Tubing and the connected device shall be com-
pletely enclosed within a galvanized or
paint-grade steel enclosure of not less than 0.030
inch (0.76 mm) (No. 22 galvanized sheet gage)
thickness. Entry to the enclosure shall be by cop-
per tubing with a protective grommet of neoprene
or teflon or by suitable brass compression to
male-barbed adapter.

3. Tubing shall be identified by appropriately docu-
mented coding.

4. Tubing shall be neatly tied and supported within
enclosure. Tubing bridging cabinet and door or
moveable device shall be of sufficient length to
avoid tension and excessive stress. Tubing shall be

protected against abrasion. Tubing serving devices
on doors shall be fastened along hinges.

909.13.2 Isolation from other functions. Control tubing
serving other than smoke control functions shall be isolated
by automatic isolation valves or shall be an independent sys-
tem.

909.13.3 Testing. Control air tubing shall be tested at three
times the operating pressure for not less than 30 minutes
without any noticeable loss in gauge pressure prior to final
connection to devices.

909.14 Marking and identification. The detection and con-
trol systems shall be clearly marked at all junctions, accesses
and terminations.

909.15 Control diagrams. Identical control diagrams show-
ing all devices in the system and identifying their location and
function shall be maintained current and kept on file with the
fire code official, the fire department and in the fire command
center in a format and manner approved by the fire chief.

909.16 Fire-fighter's smoke control panel. A fire-fighter's
smoke control panel for fire department emergency response
purposes only shall be provided and shall include manual con-
trol or override of automatic control for mechanical smoke
control systems. The panel shall be located in a fne command
center complying with Section 509 in high-rise buildings or
buildings with smoke-protected assembly seating. In all other
buildings, the fire-fighter's smoke control panel shall be
installed in an approved location adjacent to the fire alarm con-
trol panel. The fire-fighter's smoke control panel shall comply
with Sections 909.16.1 through 909.16.3.

909.16.1 Smoke control systems. Fans within the building
shall be shown on the fire-fighter's control panel. A clear
indication of the direction of airflow and the relationship of
components shall be displayed. Status indicators shall be
provided for all smoke control equipment, annunciated by
fan and zone and by approved indicators as follows:

1 . Fans, dampers and other operating equipment in their
normal status— WHITE.

2. Fans, dampers and other operating equipment in their
off or closed status — RED.

3. Fans, dampers and other operating equipment in their
on or open status — GREEN.

4. Fans, dampers and other operating equipment in a
fault status— YELLOW/AMBER.

909.16.2 Smoke control panel. The fhre-fighter's control
panel shall provide control capability over the complete
smoke-control system equipment within the building as fol-
lows:

1 . ON-AUTO-OFF control over each individual piece of
operating smoke control equipment that can also be
controlled from other sources within the building.
This includes stairway pressurizatlon fans; smoke ex-
haust fans; supply, return and exhaust fans; elevator
shaft fans; and other operating equipment used or in-
tended for smoke control purposes.

126

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

2. OPEN- AUTO-CLOSE control over individual damp-
ers relating to smoke control and that are also con-
trolled from other sources within the building.

3. ON-OFF or OPEN-CLOSE control over smoke con-
trol and other critical equipment associated with a fire
or smoke emergency and that can only be controlled
from the fire-fighter's control panel.

Exceptions:

1. Complex systems, where approved, where the
controls and indicators are combined to control
and indicate all elements of a single smoke zone
as a unit.

2. Complex systems, where approved, where the
control is accomphshed by computer interface
using approved, plain English commands.

909.16.3 Control action and priorities. The fire-fighter's
control panel actions shall be as follows:

1. ON-OFF and OPEN-CLOSE control actions shall
have the highest priority of any control point within
the building. Once issued from the fire-fighter's con-
ti'ol panel, no automatic or manual control from any
other control point within the building shall contra-
dict the control action. Where automatic means are
provided to interrupt normal, nonemergency equip-
ment operation or produce a specific result to safe-
guard the building or equipment (i.e., duct freezestats,
duct smoke detectors, high-temperature cutouts, tem-
perature-actuated linkage and similar devices), such
means shall be capable of being overridden by the
fire-fighter's control panel. The last control action as
indicated by each frre-fighter's control panel switch
position shall prevail. In no case shall control actions
require the smoke control system to assume more than
one configuration at any one time.

Exception: Power disconnects required by the
California Electrical Code.

2. Only the AUTO position of each three-position
fire-fighter's control panel switch shall allow auto-
matic or manual control action from other control
points within the building. The AUTO position shall
be the NORMAL, nonemergency, building control
position. Where a fire-fighter's control panel is in the
AUTO position, the actual status of the device (on,
off, open, closed) shall continue to be indicated by the
status indicator described above. When directed by an
automatic signal to assume an emergency condition,
the NORMAL position shall become the emergency
condition for that device or group of devices within
the zone. In no case shall conti-ol actions require the
smoke control system to assume more than one con-
figuration at any one time.

909.17 System response time. Smoke-control system activa-
tion shall be initiated immediately after receipt of an appropri-
ate automatic or manual activation command. Smoke control
systems shall activate individual components (such as dampers
and fans) in the sequence necessary to prevent physical damage
to the fans, dampers, ducts and other equipment. For purposes .

of smoke control, the fire-fighter's control panel response time
shall be the same for automatic or manual smoke control action
initiated from any other building control point. The total
response time, including that necessary for detection, shut-
down of operating equipment and smoke control system
startup, shall allow for full operational mode to be achieved
before the conditions in the space exceed the design smoke
condition. The system response time for each component and
their sequential relationships shall be detailed in the required
rational analysis and verification of their installed condition
reported in the required final report.

909.18 Acceptance testing. Devices, equipment, components
and sequences shall be individually tested. These tests, in addi-
tion to those required by other provisions of this code, shall
consist of determination of function, sequence and, where
applicable, capacity of their installed condition.

909.18.1 Detection devices. Smoke or fure detectors that are
a part of a smoke control system shall be tested in accor-
dance with Chapter 9 in their installed condition. When
applicable, this testing shall include verification of airflow
in both minimum and maximum conditions.

909.18.2 Ducts. Ducts that are part of a smoke control sys-
tem shall be traversed using generally accepted practices to
determine actual air quantities.

909.18.3 Dampers. Dampers shall be tested for function in
their installed condition.

909.18.4 Inlets and outlets. Inlets and outlets shall be read
using generally accepted practices to determine air quanti-
ties.

909.18.5 Fans. Fans shall be examined for correct rotation.
Measurements of voltage, amperage, revolutions per min-
ute and belt tension shall be made.

909.18.6 Smoke barriers. Measurements using inclined
manometers or other approved calibrated measuring
devices shall be made of the pressure differences' across
smoke barriers. Such measurements shall be conducted for
each possible smoke control condition.

909.18.7 Controls. Each smoke zone, equipped with an
automatic-initiation device, shall be put into operation by
the actuation of one such device. Each additional device
within the zone shall be verified to cause the same sequence
without requiring the operation of fan motors in order to
prevent damage. Conti'ol sequences shall be verified
throughout the system, including verification of override
from the fire-fighter's conti'ol panel and simulation of
standby power conditions.

909.18.8 Special inspections for smoke control. Smoke
control systems shall be tested by a special inspector.

909.18.8.1 Scope of testing. Special inspections shall be
conducted in accordance with the following:

1 . During erection of ductwork and prior to conceal-
ment for the purposes of leakage testing and re-

\ cording of device location.

2. Prior to occupancy and after sufficient completion
for the purposes of pressure-difference testing.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

127

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

flow measurements, and detection and control ver-
ification.

909.18.8.2 Qualifications. Special inspection agencies
for smoke control shall have expertise in fire protection
engineering, mechanical engineering and certification as
air balancers.

909.18.8.3 Reports. A complete report of testing shall
be prepared by the special inspector or special inspection
agency. The report shall include identification of all
devices by manufacturer, nameplate data, design values,
measured values and identification tag or mark. The
report shall be reviewed by the responsible registered
design professional and, when satisfied that the design
intent has been achieved, the responsible registered
design professional shall seal, sign and date the report.

909.18.8.3.1 Report filing. A copy of the final report
shall be filed with the fire code official and an identi-
cal copy shall be maintained in an approved location
at the building.

909.18.9 Identification and documentation. Charts,
drawings and other documents identifying and locating
each component of the smoke control system, and describ-
ing their proper function and maintenance requirements,
shall be maintained on file at the building as an attachment
to the report required by Section 909.18.8.3. Devices shall
have an approved identifying tag or mark on them consistent
with the other required documentation and shall be dated
indicating the last time they were successfully tested and by
whom.

909.19 System acceptance. Buildings, or portions thereof,
required by this code to comply with this section shall not be
issued a certificate of occupancy until such time that the fire
code official determines that the provisions of this section have
been fully complied with and that the fire department has
received satisfactory instruction on the operation, both auto-
matic and manual, of the system.

Exception: In buildings of phased construction, a tempo-
rary certificate of occupancy, as approved by the fire code
official, shall be allowed, provided that those portions of the
building to be occupied meet the requirements of this sec-
tion and that the remainder does not pose a significant haz-
ard to the safety of the proposed occupants or adjacent
buildings.

909.20 Maintenance. Smoke control systems shall be main-
tained to ensure to a reasonable degree that the system is capa-
ble of controlling smoke for the duration required. The system
shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's
instiixictions and Sections 909.20.1 through 909.20.5.

909.20.1 Schedule. A routine maintenance and operational
testing program shall be initiated inmiediately after the
smoke control system has passed the acceptance tests. A
written schedule for routine maintenance and operational
testing shall be estabhshed.

909.20.2 Written record. A written record of smoke con-
trol system testing and maintenance shall be maintained on
the premises. The written record shall include the date of the
maintenance, identification of the servicing personnel and

notification of any unsatisfactory condition and the correc-
tive action taken, including parts replaced.

909.20.3 Testing. Operational testing of the smoke control
system shall include all equipment such as initiating
devices, fans, dampers, controls, doors and windows.

909.20.4 Dedicated smolce control systems. Dedicated
smoke control systems shall be operated for each control
sequence semiannually. The system shall also be tested
under standby power conditions.

909.20.5 Nondedicated smolce control systems.

Nondedicated smoke control systems shall be operated for
each control sequence annually. The system shall also be
tested under standby power conditions.

SECTION 910
SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS

910.1 General. Where required by this code or otherwise
installed, smoke and heat vents or mechanical smoke exhaust
systems and draft curtains shall conform to the requirements of
this section.

Exceptions:

1. Frozen food warehouses used solely for storage of
Class I and II commodities where protected by an ap-
proved automatic sprinkler system.

2. Where areas of buildings are equipped with early sup-
pression fast-response (ESFR) sprinklers, automatic
smoke and heat vents shall not be required within
these areas.

910.2 Wliere required. Smoke and heat vents shall be
installed in the roofs of one-story buildings or portions thereof
occupied for the uses set forth in Sections 910.2.1 through
910.2.3.

910.2.1 Group F-1 or S-1. Buildings and portions thereof
used as a Group F-1 or S-1 occupancy having more than
50,000 square feet (4645 m^) of undivided area.

Exception: Group S-1 aircraft repair hangars.

910.2.2 Higti-piled combustible storage. Buildings and
portions thereof containing high-piled combustible stock or
rack storage in any occupancy group when required by Sec-
tion 2306.7.

910.2.3 Exit access travel distance increase. Buildings
and portions thereof used as a Group F-1 or S-1 occupancy
where the maximum exit access travel distance is increased
in accordance with Section 1016.2.

910.3 Design and installation. The design and installation of
smoke and heat vents and draft curtains shall be as specified in
Sections 910.3.1 flirough 910.3.5.2 and Table 910.3.

910.3.1 Design. Smoke and heat vents shall be listed and
labeled to indicate compliance with UL 793.

910.3.2 Vent operation. Smoke and heat vents shall be
capable of being operated by approved automatic and man-
ual means. Automatic operation of smoke and heat vents
shall conform to the provisions of Sections 910.3.2.1
through 910.3.2.3.

128

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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TABLE 910.3
REQUIREMENTS FOR DRAFT CURTAINS AND SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS^

OCCUPANCY GROUP
AND COMMODITY
CLASSIFICATION

DESIGNATED

STORAGE HEIGHT

(feet)

MINIMUM DRAFT

CURTAIN DEPTH

(feet)

MAXIMUM AREA

FORMED BY DRAFT

CURTAINS

(square feet)

VENT-AREA-TO

FLOOR-AREA

RATIO"=

MAXIMUM

SPACING OF

VENT CENTERS

(feet)

maximum distance
to vents from
wall or draft
. curtain''

(feet)

Group F-1 and S-1

0.2 X H'' but > 4

50,000

1:100

120

High-piled storage

(see Section 910.2.2)

I-IV

(Option 1)

<20

10,000

1:100

100

> 20 < 40

8,000

1:75

100

High-piled storage

(see Section 910.2.2)

I-IV

(Option 2)

<20

3,000

1:75

100

>20<40

3,000

1:50

100

High-piled storage

(see Section 910.2.2)

High hazard

(Option 1)

<20

6,000

1:50

100

> 20 < 30

6,000

1:40

High-piled storage

(see Section 910.2.2)

High hazard

(Option 2)

<20

4,000

1:50

100

> 20 < 30

2,000

1:30

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.

a. Requirements for rack storage heights in excess of those indicated shall be in accordance with Chapter 23 . For solid-piled storage heights in excess of those indi-
cated, an approved engineered design shall be used.

b. The distance specified is the maximum distance from any vent in a particular draft curtained area to walls or draft curtains which form the perimeter of the draft cur-
tained area.

c. Where draft curtains are not required, the vent area to floor area ratio shall be calculated baised on a minimum draft curtain depth of 6 feet (Option 1).

d. "H" is the height of the vent, in feet, above the floor.

910.3.2.1 Gravity-operated drop out vents. Automatic
smoke and heat vents containing heat-sensitive glazing
designed to shrink and drop out of the vent opening when
exposed to fire shall fully open within 5 minutes after the
vent cavity is exposed to a simulated fire represented by a
time-temperature gradient that reaches an air tempera-
ture of 500°F (260°C) within 5 minutes.

910.3.2.2 Sprinklered buildings. Where installed in
buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprin-
kler system, smoke and heat vents shall be designed to
operate automatically.

910.3.2.3 Nonsprinklered buildings. Where installed
in buildings not equipped with an approved automatic
sprinkler system, smoke and heat vents shall operate
automatically by actuation of a heat-responsive device
rated at between 100°F (56°C) and 220°F (122°C) above
ambient.

Exception: Gravity-operated drop out vents comply-
ing with Section 910.3.2.1.

910.3.3 Vent dimensions. The effective venting area shall
not be less than 16 square feet (1.5 m^) with no dimension
less than 4 feet (1219 mm), excluding ribs or gutters having
a total width not exceeding 6 inches (152 mm).

910.3.4 Vent locations. Smoke and heat vents shall be
located 20 feet (6096 mm) or more from adjacent lot lines
and fire walls and 10 feet (3048 mm) or more from fire bar-

rier walls. Vents shall be uniformly located within the roof
area above high-piled storage areas, with consideration
given to roof pitch, draft curtain location, sprinkler location
and structural members.

910.3.5 Draft curtains. Where required, draft curtains shall
be provided in accordance with this section.

Exception: Where areas of buildings are equipped with
ESFR sprinklers, draft curtains shall not be provided
within these areas. Draft curtains shall only be provided
at the separation between the ESFR sprinklers and the
conventional sprinklers.

910.3.5.1 Construction. Draft curtains shall be con-
structed of sheet metal, lath and plaster, gypsum board or
other approved materials that provide equivalent perfor-
mance to resist the passage of smoke. Joints and connec-
tions shall be smoke tight.

910.3.5.2 Location and depth. The location and mini-
mum depth of draft curtains shall be in accordance with
Table 910.3.

910.4 Mechanical smoke exhaust. Where approved by the
fire code official, engineered mechanical smoke exhaust shall
be an acceptable alternative to smoke and heat vents.

910.4.1 Location. Exhaust fans shall be uniformly spaced
within each draft-curtained area and the maximum distance
between fans shall not be greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm).

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

129

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

910.4.2 Size. Fans shall have a maximum individual capac-
ity of 30,000 cfm (14.2 m^/s). The aggregate capacity of
smoke exhaust fans shall be determined by the equation:

C=Ax300 (Equation 9-4)

where:

C = Capacity of mechanical ventilation required, in cubic
feet per minute (mVs).

A = Area of roof vents provided in square feet (m^) in ac-
cordance with Table 910.3.

910.4.3 Operation. Mechanical smoke exhaust fans shall
be automatically activated by the automatic sprinkler sys-
tem or by heat detectors having operating characteristics
equivalent to those described in Section 910.3.2. Individual
manual controls for each fan unit shall also be provided.

910.4.4 Wiring and control. Wu:ing for operation and con-
trol of smoke exhaust fans shall be connected ahead of the
main disconnect and protected against exposure to tempera-
tures in excess of 1,000°F (538°C) for a period of not less
than 15 minutes. Controls shall be located so as to be imme-
diately accessible to the fire service from the exterior of the
building and protected against interior fire exposure by fire
barriers having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 hour.

910.4.5 Supply air. Supply air for exhaust fans shall be pro-
vided at or near the floor level and shall be sized to provide a
minimum of 50 percent of required exhaust. Openings for
supply air shall be uniformly distributed around the periph-
ery of the area served.

910.4.6 Interlocics. On combination comfort air-han-
dling/smoke removal systems or independent comfort
air-handling systems, fans shall be controlled to shut down
in accordance with the approved smoke control sequence.

SECTION 911
EXPLOSION CONTROL

911.1 General. Explosion control shall be provided in the fol-
lowing locations:

1. Where a structure, room or space is occupied for pur-
poses involving explosion hazards as identified in Table
911.1.

2. Where quantities of hazardous materials specified in Ta-
ble 911.1 exceed the maximum allowable quantities in
Table 2703.1.1(1).

Such areas shall be provided with explosion (deflagra-
tion) venting, explosion (deflagration) prevention systems,
or barricades in accordance with this section and NFPA 69,
or NFPA 495 as applicable. Deflagration venting shall not
be utilized as a means to protect buildings from detonation
hazards.

911.2 Required deflagration venting. Areas that are required
to be provided with deflagration venting shall comply with the
following:

1. Walls, ceilings and roofs exposing surrounding areas
shall be designed to resist a minimum internal pressure
of 100 pounds per square foot (psf) (4788 Pa). The nndni-

mum internal design pressure shall not be less than five
times the maximum internal relief pressure specified in
Section 91 1.2, Item 5.

2. Deflagration venting shall be provided only in exterior
walls and roofs.

Exception: Where sufficient exterior wall and roof
venting cannot be provided because of inadequate
exterior wall or roof area, deflagration venting shall
be allowed by specially designed shafts vented to the
exterior of the building.

3. Deflagration venting shall be designed to prevent unac-
ceptable structural damage. Where relieving a deflagra-
tion, vent closures shall not produce projectiles of
sufficient velocity and mass to cause life threatening in-
juries to the occupants or other persons on the property or
adjacent pubhc ways.

4. The aggregate clear area of vents and venting devices
shall be governed by the pressure resistance of the con-
struction assemblies specified in Item 1 of this section
and the maximum internal pressure allowed by Item 5 of
this section.

5. Vents shall be designed to withstand loads in accordance
with the California Building Code. Vents shall consist of
any one or any combination of the following to relieve at
a maximum internal pressure of 20 pounds per square
foot (958 Pa), but not less than the loads required by the
California Building Code :

5.1. Exterior walls designed to release outward.

5.2. Hatch covers.

5.3. Outward swinging doors.

5.4. Roofs designed to uplift.

5.5. Venting devices listed for the purpose.

6. Vents designed to release from the exterior walls or roofs
of the building when venting a deflagration shall dis-
charge directly to the exterior of the building where an
unoccupied space not less than 50 feet (15 240 nmi) in
width is provided between the exterior walls of the build-
ing and the property line.

Exception: Vents complying with Item 7 of this sec-
tion.

7. Vents designed to remain attached to the building when
venting a deflagration shall be so located that the dis-
charge opening shall not be less than 10 feet (3048 mm)
vertically from window openings and exits in the build-
ing and 20 feet (6096 mm) horizontally from exits in the
building, from window openings and exits in adjacent
buildings on the same property, and from the property
line.

8. Discharge from vents shall not be into the interior of the
building.

911.3 Explosion prevention systems. Explosion prevention
systems shall be of an approved type and installed in accor-
dance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 69.

911.4 Barricades. Barricades shall be designed and installed
in accordance with NFPA 495.

130

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

TABLE 911.1
EXPLOSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

MATERIAL

EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS

Barricade
construction

Explosion (deflagration) venting

or explosion (deflagration)

prevention systems

Hazard (

Category

Combustible dusts"

—

Not required

Required

Cryogenic fluids

Flammable

Not required

Required

Explosives

Division 1.1
Division 1.2
Division 1.3
Division 1.4
Division 1.5
Division 1.6

Required
Required
Not required
Not required
Required
Required

Not required
Not required
Required
Required
Not required
Not required

Flammable gas

Gaseous
Liquefied

Not required
Not requured

Required
Required

Flammable liquids

lA"

Not required
Not requured

Required
Required

Organic peroxides

Unclassified detonable

Required
Required

Not permitted
Not permitted

Oxidizer liquids and solids

Required

Not permitted

Pyrophoric

Gases

Not required

Required

Unstable (reactive)

3 detonable

3 nondetonable

Required

Not required

Not permitted

Required

Water-reactive liquids and solids

3
2=

Not required
Not required

Required
Required

Special Uses

Acetylene generator rooms

—

Not required

Requked

Grain processing

—

Not required

Required

Liquefied petroleum gas
distribution facilities

—

Not required

Required

Where explosion hazards existf"

Detonation
Deflagration

Required
Not required

Not penriitted
Required

a. Combustible dusts that are generated during manufecturing or processing. See definition of Combustible Dust in Chapter 2.

b. Storage or use.

c. In open use or dispensing.

d. Rooms containing dispensing and use of hazardous materials when an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous
materials or as a result of the dispensing or use process.

e. A method of explosion control shall be provided when Class 2 water-reactive materials can form potentially explosive mixtures.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

131

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

SECTION 912
FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS

912.1 Installation. Fire department connections shall be
installed in accordance with tiie NFPA standard applicable to
the system design and shall comply with Sections 912.2
through 912.6.

912.2 Location. With respect to hydrants, driveways, build-
ings and landscaping, fire department connections shall be so
located that fire apparatus and hose connected to supply the
system will not obstruct access to the buildings for other fire
apparatus. The location of fire department connections shall be
approved.

912.2.1 Visible location. Fire department connections shall
be located on the street side of buildings, fully visible and
recognizable from the street or nearest point of fire depart-
ment vehicle access or as otherwise approved by the fire
code official.

912.2.2 Existing buildings. On existing buildings, wher-
ever the fire department connection is not visible to
approaching fire apparatus, the fire department connection
shall be indicated by an approved sign mounted on the street
front or on the side of the building. Such sign shall have the
letters "FDC" at least 6 inches (152 mm) high and words in
letters at least 2 inches (5 1 mm) high or an arrow to indicate
the location. All such signs shall be subject to the approval
of the fire code official.

912.3 Access. Immediate access to fire department connec-
tions shall be maintained at all times and without obstruction
by fences, bushes, trees, walls or any other object for a mini-
mum of 3 feet (914 mm).

Exception: When acceptable to the fire enforcing agency,
fire department connections for Group 1-3 detention facili-
ties may be located inside all security walls or fences on the
property.

912.3.1 Locking fire department connection caps. The

fire code official is authorized to require locking caps on fire
department connections for water-based fire protection sys-
tems where the responding fire department carries appropri-
ate key wrenches for removal.

912.4 Signs. A metal sign with raised letters at least 1 inch (25
mm) in size shall be mounted on all fire department connec-
tions serving automatic sprinklers, standpipes or fire pump
connections. Such signs shall read: AUTOMATIC SPRIN-
KLERS or STANDPIPES or TEST CONNECTION or a com-
bination thereof as applicable.

912.5 Backflow protection. The potable water supply to auto-
matic sprinkler and standpipe systems shall be protected
against backflow as required by the Health and Safety Code
13114.7.

912.6 Inspection, testing and maintenance. All fire depart-
ment connections shall be periodically inspected, tested and
maintained in accordance with Title 19 California Code of Reg-
ulations, Chapters.

SECTION 913
FIRE PUMPS

913.1 General. Where provided, fire pumps shall be installed
in accordance with this section and NFPA 20.

913.2 Protection against interruption of service. The fire
pump, driver, and controller shall be protected in accordance
with NFPA 20 against possible interruption of service through
damage caused by explosion, fire, flood, earthquake, rodents,
insects, windstorm, freezing, vandalism and other adverse con-
ditions.

913.3 Temperature of pump room. Suitable means shall be
provided for maintaining the temperature of a pump room or
pump house, where required, above 40°F (5°C).

913.3.1 Engine manufacturer's recommendation. Tem-
perature of the pump room, pump house or ai'ea where
engines are installed shall never be less than the minimum
recommended by the engine manufacturer. The engine
manufacturer's recommendations for oil heaters shall be
followed.

913.4 Valve supervision. Where provided, the fire pump suc-
tion, discharge and bypass valves, and the isolation valves on
the backflow prevention device or assembly shall be super-
vised open by one of the following methods.

1. Central-station, proprietary or remote-station signaling
service.

2. Local signaling service that will cause the sounding of an
audible signal at a constantly attended location.

3. Locking valves open.

4. Sealing of valves and approved weekly recorded inspec-
tion where valves are located within fenced enclosures
under the control of the owner.

913.4.1 Test outlet valve supervision. Fire pump test outlet
valves shall be supervised in the closed position.

913.5 Testing and maintenance. Fire pumps shall be
inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the
requirements of this section and Title 19 California Code of
Regulations, Chapter 5.

913.5.1 Acceptance test. Acceptance testing shall be done
in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 20.

913.5.2 Generator sets. Engine generator sets supplying
emergency or standby power to fire pump assemblies shall
be periodically tested in accordance with NFPA 110.

913.5.3 Transfer switches. Automatic transfer switches
shall be periodically tested in accordance with NFPA 110.

913.5.4 Pump room environmental conditions. Tests of

pump room environmental conditions, including heating,
ventilation and illumination shall be made to ensure proper
manual or automatic operation of the associated equipment.

132

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

SECTION 914

FIRE PROTECTION BASED ON SPECIAL DETAILED

REQUIREMENTS OF USE AND OCCUPANCY

914.1 GeneraL This section shall specify where fire protection
systems ai-e requked based on the detailed requirements of use
and occupancy of the California Building Code.

914.2 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings shall
comply with Sections 914.2.1 through 914.2.4.

914.2.1 Automatic sprinlcler system. The covered mall
building and buildings connected shall be equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.1.1, which shall comply with the
following:

1 . The automatic sprinkler system shall be complete and
operative tlii'oughout occupied space in the covered
mall building prior to occupancy of any of the tenant
spaces. Unoccupied tenant spaces shall be similarly
protected unless provided with approved alternate
protection.

2. Sprinkler protection for the mall shall be independent
from that provided for tenant spaces or anchors.
Where tenant spaces are supplied by the same system,
they shall be independently conti'olled.

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall
not be required in spaces or areas of open parking
garages constructed in accordance with Section
406.2 of the California Building Code.

914.2.2 Standpipe system. The covered mall building shall
be equipped throughout with a standpipe system in accor-
dance with Section 905.

914.2.3 Emergency voice/alarm communication system.

Covered mall buildings exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645
m^) in total floor area shall be provided with an emergency
voice/alarm communication system. Emergency voice/
alarm communication systems serving a mall, required or
otherwise, shall be accessible to the fire department. The
system shall be provided in accordance with Section
907.2.12.2.

914.2.4 Fire department access to equipment. Rooms or
areas containing controls for air-conditioning systems,
automatic fire-extinguishing systems or other detection,
suppression or control elements shall be identified for use
by the fire depaitment.

914.3 High-rise buildings. High-rise buildings shall comply
with Sections 914.3.1 through 914.3.5.

914.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Buildings and struc-
tures shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprin-
kler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and a
secondary water supply where required by Section
903.3.5.2. A sprinkler water-flow alarm-initiating device
and a control valve with a supervisory signal-initiating
device shall be provided at the lateral connection to the riser
on each floor.

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not be
required in spaces or ai-eas of:

1. Open parking garages in accordance with Section
406.3 of the California Building Code.

2. Telecommunication equipment buildings used ex-
clusively for telecommunications equipment, as-
sociated electrical power distribution equipment,
batteries and standby engines, provided that those
spaces or areas are equipped throughout with an
automatic fire detection system in accordance with
Section 907.2 and are sepai-ated from the remain-
der of the building by fure barriers consisting of not
less than 1-hour fu'e-resistance-rated walls and
2-hour fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling assem-
blies.

914.3.2 Automatic fire detection. Smoke detection shall
be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.12.1.

914.3.3 Emergency voice/alarm communication system.

An emergency voice/alann communication system shall be
provided in accordance with Section 907.2.12.2.

914.3.4 Fire department communication system. A

two-way fu-e department communication system shall be
provided for fire department use in accordance with Section
907.2.12.3.

914.3.5 Fire command. A fire command center complying
with Section 509 shall be provided in a location approved by
the fire department.

914.3.6 Smoke control.

914.3.6.1 Smoke control system. All portions of
high-rise buildings shall be provided with a smoke con-
trol system in accordance with California Building
Code, Section 909.

914.3.6.2 Smokeproof exit enclosures. Every exit enclo-
sure shall comply with California Building Code, Sec-
tions 909.20 and 1020.1.7.

914.4 Atriums. Atriums shall comply with Sections 914.4.1
and 914.4.2.

914.4.1 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved auto-
matic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the
entire building.

Exceptions:

1. That area of a building adjacent to or above the
atiium need not be spiinklered, provided that por-
tion of the building is separated fiom the atrium por-
tion by not less than a 2-hour fire-resistance-rated
fu'e banier or horizontal assembly, or both.

2. Where the ceilings of the atrium are more than 55
feet (16 764 mm) above the floor, sprinkler protec-
tion at the ceiling of the atiium is not required.

914.4.2 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall be
provided where required by Section 907.2.13.

914.5 Underground buildings. Underground buildings shall
comply with Sections 914.5.1 through 914.5.6.

914.5.1 Automatic sprinkler system. The highest level of
exit dischai'ge serving the underground portions of the
building and all levels below shall be equipped with an auto- '

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

133

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

matic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1. Water-flow switches and control valves shall be
supervised in accordance with Section 903.4.

914.5.2 Smoke control system. A smoke control system is
required to control the migration of products of combustion
in accordance with Section 909 and provisions of this sec-
tion. Smoke control shall restrict movement of smoke to the
general area of fire origin and maintain means of egress in a
usable condition.

914.5.3 Compartment smoke control system. Where
compartmentation is required by Section 405.4 of the Cali-
fornia Building Code, each compartment shall have an inde-
pendent smoke-control system. The system shall be
automatically activated and capable of manual operation in
accordance with Section 907.2.18.

914.5.4 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall be
provided where required by Section 907.2.19.

914.5.5 Public address. A public address system shall be
provided where required by Section 907.2.19.1.

914.5.6 Standpipe system. The underground building shall
be provided throughout with a standpipe system in accor-
dance with Section 905.

914.6 Stages. Stages shall comply with Sections 914.6.1 and
914.6.2.

914.6.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Stages shall be
equipped with an automatic fire-extinguishing system in
accordance with Chapter 9. Sprinklers shall be installed
under the roof and gridiron and under all catwalks and gal-
leries over the stage. Sprinklers shall be installed in dressing
rooms, performer lounges, shops and storerooms accessory
to such stages.

Exceptions:

1 . Sprinklers are not required under stage areas less
than 4 feet (1219 mm) in clear height utilized ex-
clusively for storage of tables and chairs, provided
the concealed space is separated from the adjacent
spaces by not less than Vg-inch (15.9 mm) Type X
gypsum board.

2. Sprinklers are not required for stages 1 ,000 square
feet (93 m^) or less in area and 50 feet (15 240 mm)
or less in height where curtains, scenery or other
combustible hangings are not reti-actable verti-
cally. Combustible hangings shall be liinited to a
single main curtain, borders, legs and a single
backdrop.

3 . Sprinklers are not required within portable orches-
tra enclosures on stages.

914.6.2 Standpipe system. Standpipe systems shall be pro-
vided in accordance with Section 905.

914.7 Special amusement buildings. Special amusement
buildings shall comply with Sections 914.7.1 and 914.7.2.

914.7.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Special amusement
buildings shall be equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Where the special amusement building is temporary, the

sprinkler water supply shall be of an approved temporary
means.

Exception: Automatic sprinklers are not required where
the total floor area of a temporary special amusement
building is less than 1,000 square feet (93 m^) and the
travel distance from any point to an exit is less than 50
feet (15 240 mm).

914.7.2 Automatic fire detection. Special amusement
buildings shall be equipped with an automatic fire detection
system in accordance with Section 907.2. 1 1 .

914.8 Aircraft-related occupancies. Aircraft-related occu-
pancies shall comply with Sections 914.8.1 through 914.8.5.

914.8.1 Automatic fire detection systems. Airport traffic
control towers shall be provided with an automatic fire
detection system installed in accordance with Section
907.2.

914.8.2 Fire suppression. Aircraft hangars shall be pro-
vided with fire suppression as required by NFPA 409.

Exception: Group II hangars, as defined in NFPA 409,
storing private aircraft without major maintenance or
overhaul are exempt from foam suppression require-
ments.

914.8.3 Finishing. The process of "doping," involving the
use of a volatile flammable solvent, or of painting shall be
carried on in a separate detached building equipped with
automatic fire-extinguishing equipment in accordance with
Section 903.

914.8.4 Residential aircraft hangar smoke alarms.

Smoke alarms shall be provided within residential aircraft
hangars in accordance with Section 907.2.21.

914.8.5 Aircraft paint hangar fire suppression. Aircraft
paint hangars shall be provided with fire suppression as
required by NFPA 409.

914.9 Application of flammable finishes. An automatic
fire-extinguishing system shall be provided in all spray, dip and
immersing spaces and storage rooms, and shall be installed in
accordance with Chapter 9.

914.10 Drying rooms. Drying rooms designed for high-haz-
ard materials and processes, including special occupancies as
provided for in Chapter 4 of the California Building Code, shall
be protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing sys-
tem complying with the provisions of Chapter 9.

914.11 Motion picture and television production studio
sound stages, approved production facilities and production
locations.

914.11.1 Existing sound stages and approved production
facilities. All existing sound stages and approved produc-
tion facilities equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler sys-
tem shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions
in this chapter.

914.11.2 New sound stages. All new sound stages shall be
equipped with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system.
The system shall be installed in accordance with the provi-
sions in this chapter and shall meet the minimum design
requirements of an Extra Hazard, Group 2 system.

134

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 10 - MEANS OF EGRESS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Cliapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only tiiose sections that are
listed below

Chapter / Section

Codes

1001.1

1002

Accessible Means of
Egress

IFC

Area of Refuge

IPC

Exit

IFC

Guard or Guardrail

Handrail

IFC

Photoluminescent

Public Way

IFC

Self-Luminous

Stair

IFC

Stairway

IFC

1003.1

1003.2

1003.3

1003.3.3.1

1003.5

Table 1005.1

1006.1

1007.1

1007.2

1007.3

1007.4

1007.5

1007.5.1

IFC

1007.6

1007.6.1

1007.6.2 .

1007,6.3

IFC

1007.6.3.1

1007.6.4

1007.6.5

1007.7

1007.8

1007.8.1

1007.8.2

1007.8.3

IFC

1007.9

1008-Only

1008.1.1

1008.1.1.1

1008.1.2

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

135

CHAPTER 10 - MEANS OF EGRESS - (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ctiapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections iisted beiow)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

1008.1.3.4

1008.1.3.6

1008.1.8.1

1008.1.8.6

1008.1.8.6 No.5.1-Only

1008.1.9 .

1009-Only

1009.1

1009.4

1009.10

1010-Only

1011.1

1011.3

1011.6

1011.7

1012-Only

1012.7

1013.1

1013.2

IFC

1013.3

1014.2

1014.2.2

1014.2.2.1

1014.4 last
paragraph-Only

1015.7

Table 1016.1

Table 1017.1

1017.2

1017.4

1017.5

Table 1019.2

1020.1

1020.1.6.1

1020.1.4

1020.1.6.1

1020.1.6.1.1

1020.1.6.1.2

1020.1.6.1.3

1020.1.6.1.4

1020.1.6.1.5

1020.1.6.2

136

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 10 - MEANS OF EGRESS - (Continued)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Cliapter

Adopt Entire Cliapter as amended
] (amended sections iisted beiow)

Adopt oniy ttiose sections ttiat are
iisted beiow

Chapter /Section

Codes

1020.1.7

1020.1.7.1

1020.1.7.2

1021.2

. CA

1022.5

1023.2

1024.6

1025.1

1025.2

1025,3

1025.3.1

1025.6.1

1025.6.4

1025.9.1

1025.10

1026.1

1026.4

Table 1027.17.2

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

137

138 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 10

MEANS OF EGRESS

SECTION 1001
ADMINISTRATION

1001.1 General. Buildings or portions thereof shall be pro-
vided with a means of egress system as required by this chapter.
The provisions of this chapter shall control the design, con-
struction and arrangement of means of egress components
required to provide an approved means of egress from struc-
tures and portions thereof. Sections 1003 through 1026 shall
apply to new construction. Sections 1027 and 1028 shall apply
to existing buildings.

Exception: Detached one- and two-family dwellings and
multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more
than three stories above grade plane in height with a separate
means of egress and their accessory structures.

1001.2 Minimum requirements. It shall be unlawful to alter a
building or structure in a manner that will reduce the number of
exits or the capacity of the means of egress to less than required
by this code..

[B] SECTION 1002
DEFINITIONS

1002.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for
the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. A continuous and
unobstructed way of egress travel from any accessible point in
a building or facility to a public way.

AISLE. An exit access component that defines and provides a
path of egress travel.

AISLE ACCESSWAY. That portion of an exit access that
leads to an aisle.

ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. A device that has a
series of steps between 50 and 70 degrees (0.87 and 1.22 rad)
from horizontal, usually attached to a center support rail in an
alternating manner so that the user does not have both feet on
the same level at the same time.

AREA OF REFUGE. An area where persons unable to use
stairways can remain temporarily to await instructions or assis-
tance during emergency evacuation.

BLEACHERS. Tiered seating facilities.

COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. That portion of
exit access which the occupants are required to traverse before
two separate and distinct paths of egress travel to two exits ai'e
available. Paths that merge are common paths of travel. Com-
mon paths of egress travel shall be included within the permit-
ted travel distance.

CORRIDOR. An enclosed exit access component that defines
and provides a path of egress travel to an exit.

DOOR, BALANCED. A door equipped with double-pivoted
hardware so designed as to cause a semicounterbalanced swing
action when opening.

EGRESS COURT. A court or yard which provides access to a
pubhc way for one or more exits.

EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING. An

operable window, door or other similar device that provides for
a means of escape and access for rescue in the event of an emer-
gency.

EXIT. That portion of a means of egress system which is sepa-
rated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by
fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives as
required to provide a protected path of egress travel between
the exit access and the exit discharge. Exits include exterior exit
doors at ground level, exit enclosures, exit passageways, exte-
rior exit stahs, exterior exit ramps and horizontal exits.

EXIT, HORIZONTAL. A path of egress travel from one
building to an area in another building on approximately the
same level, or a path of egress travel through or ai^ound a wall or
partition to an area on approximately the same level in the same
building, which affords safety from fure and smoke from the
area of incidence and areas communicating therewith.

EXIT ACCESS. That portion of a means of egress system that
leads from any occupied portion of a building or structure to an
exit.

EXIT DISCHARGE. That portion of a means of egress sys-
tem between the termination of an exit and a public way.

EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF. The horizontal plane
located at the point at which an exit terminates and an exit dis-
chai-ge begins.

EXIT ENCLOSURE. An exit component that is sepai-ated
from other interior spaces of a building or structure by
fire-resistance-rated consti'uction and opening protectives, and
provides for a protected path of egress travel in a vertical or hor-
izontal direction to the exit discharge or the public way.

EXIT PASSAGEWAY. An exit component that is separated
from all other interior spaces of a building or structure by
fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives, and
provides for a protected path of egress travel in a horizontal
direction to the exit discharge or the public way.

FIRE EXIT HARDWARE. Panic hai-dware that is listed for
use on fire door assemblies.

FLOOR AREA, GROSS. The floor area within the inside per-
imeter of tlie exterior walls of the building under consideration,
exclusive of vent shafts and courts, without deduction for corri-
dors, stairways, closets, the thickness of interior walls, col-
umns or other features. The floor area of a building, or portion
thereof, not provided with suiTounding exterior walls shall be
the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

139

MEANS OF EGRESS

floor above. The gross floor area shall not include shafts with
no openings or interior courts.

FLOOR AREA, NET. The actual occupied area not including
unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways, toilet
rooms, mechanical rooms and closets.

FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. Tiered seating
facilities having an overall shape and size that are capable of
being reduced for purposes of moving or storing.

GRANDSTAND. Tiered seating facilities.

GUARD (or GUARDRAIL). A building component or a sys-
tem of building components located at or near the open sides of
elevated walking surfaces that minimizes the possibility of a
fall from the walking surface to a lower level.

HANDRAIL. A horizontal or sloping rail intended for grasp-
ing by the hand for guidance or support.

ME!ANS of EGRESS. A continuous and unobstructed path
of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any occupied por-
tion of a building or structure to a public way. A means of
egress consists of three separate and distinct parts: the exit
access, the exit and the exit discharge.

MERCHANDISE PAD. A merchandise pad is an area for dis-
play of merchandise surrounded by aisles, permanent fixtures
or walls. Merchandise pads contain elements such as nonfixed
and moveable fixtui'es, cases, racks, counters and partitions as
indicated in Appendix Chapter 1, Section 105.2 of the Califor-
nia Building Code from which customers browse or shop.

NOSING. The leading edge of treads of stairs and of landings
at the top of stairway flights.

OCCUPANT LOAD. The number of persons for which the
means of egress of a building or portion thereof is designed.

PANIC HARDWARE. A door-latching assembly incorporat-
ing a device that releases the latch upon the application of a
force in the direction of egress travel.

[B] PHOTOLUMINESCENT. The property of emitting light
as the result of absorption of visible light, which continues for a
length of time after excitation.

PUBLIC WAY. A street, alley or other parcel of land open to
the outside air leading to a street, that has been deeded, dedi-
cated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the pubUc for
public use and which has a clear width and height of not less
than 10 feet (3048 mm).

RAMP. A wallcing surface that has a running slope steeper than
one unit vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope).

SCISSOR STAIR. Two interlocking stairways providing two
separate paths of egress located within one stairwell enclosure.

[B] SELF-LUMINOUS. Means powered continuously by a
self-contained power source other than a battery or batteries,
such as radioactive tritium gas. A self-luminous sign is inde-
pendent of external power supplies or other energy for its oper-
ation.

SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING. Seating
served by means of egress that is not subject to smoke accumu-
lation within or under a structure.

STAIR. A change in elevation, consisting of one or more risers .

STAIRWAY. One or more flights of stairs, either exterior or
interior, with the necessary landings and platforms connecting
them, to form a continuous and uninterrupted passage from one
level to another.

STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR. A stairway that is open on at least
one side, except for required structural columns, beams, hand-
rails and guards. The adjoining open areas shall be either yards,
courts or public ways. The other sides of the exterior stairway
need not be open.

STAIRWAY, INTERIOR. A stairway not meeting the defini-
tion of an exterior stairway.

STAIRWAY, SPIRAL. A stairway having a closed circular
form in its plan view with uniform section-shaped treads
attached to and radiating from a minimum-diameter supporting
column.

WINDER. A tread with nonparallel edges.

[BISECTION 1003
GENERAL MEANS OF EGRESS

1003.1 Applicability. The general requirements specified in
Sections 1 003 through 1013 shall apply to all three elements of
the means of egress system, in addition to those specific
requirements for the exit access, the exit and the exit discharge
detailed elsewhere in this chapter.

Exception: Exiting requirements for fixed guideway transit
systems shall be as per Section 433.3 of the California
Building Code.

[DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this chapter,
means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, build-
ings or facilities where accessibility is required for applica-
tions listed in Title 24, Part 2, Section 109.1 regulated by the
Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance shall also
comply with Chapter llA or Chapter IIB of the California
Building Code, as applicable.

1003.2 Ceiling lieight. The means of egress shall have a ceiling
height of not less than 7 feet 6 inches (2286 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Sloped ceilings in accordance with Section 1208.2 of
the California Building Code.

2. Ceilings of dwelling units and sleeping units within
residential occupancies in accordance with Section
1208.2 of the California Building Code.

3. Allowable projections in accordance with Section
1003.3.

4. Stair headroom in accordance with Section 1009.2.

5. Door height in accordance with Section 1008.1.1.

6. In Group 1-2 occupancies, the means of egress shall
have a ceiling height of not less than 8 feet (2439 mm).

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1003.3 Protruding objects. Prottuding objects shall comply
with the requirements of Sections 1003.3.1 through 1003.3.4.

Exception: In Group 1-2 and Group 1-2.1 occupancies, pro-
truding objects shall not extend more than 12 inches (305
mm) below the minimum ceiling height required by Section
1003.2.

1003.3.1 Headroom. Protruding objects are permitted to
extend below the minimum ceiling height required by Sec-
tion 1003.2 provided a minimum headroom of 80 inches
(2032 mm) shall be provided for any walking surface,
including walks, corridors, aisles and passageways. Not
more than 50 percent of the ceiling area of a means of egress
shall be reduced in height by protruding objects.

Exception: Door closers and stops shall not reduce
headroom to less than 78 inches (1981 mm).

A baiTier shall be provided where the vertical clearance is
less than 80 inches (2032 mm) high. The leading edge of
such a barrier shall be located 27 inches (686 mm) maxi-
mum above the floor.

1003.3.2 Free-standing objects. A free-standing object
mounted on a post or pylon shall not overhang that post or
pylon more than 4 inches (102 mm) where the lowest point
of the leading edge is more than 27 inches (686 mm) and
less than 80 inches (2032 mm) above the walking surface.
Where a sign or other obstruction is mounted between posts
or pylons and the clear distance between the posts or pylons
is greater than 12 inches (305 mm), the lowest edge of such
sign or obstruction shall be 27 inches (685 mm) maximum
or 80 inches (2030 mm) minimum above the finished floor
or ground.

Exception: This requirement shall not apply to sloping
portions of handrails serving stairs and ramps.

1003.3.3 Horizontal projections. Structural elements, fix-
tures or furnishings shall not project horizontally from
either side more than 4 inches (102 mm) over any walking
surface between the heights of 27 inches (686 mm) and 80
inches (2032 mm) above the walking surface.

Exception: Handrails serving stall's and ramps are per-
mitted to protrude 4.5 inches (114 mm) from the wall.

1003.3.3.1 Horizontal projections for Group 1-2 occu-
pancies. Structural elements, fixtures or furnishings
shall not project horizontally from either side more than
V/2 inches (38 mm) into the required width of an exit
access corridor serving any area caring for one or more
nonambulatory or bedridden persons.

Exceptions:

1. Handrails are permitted to protrude 3.5 inches
(89 mm) from the wall.

2. Alcohol-based hand-rub dispensers are permit-
ted to protrude 4 inches.

1003.3.4 Clear width. Protruding objects shall not reduce
the minimum clear width of accessible routes as required in
Chapter IIB, Section 1133B.8.6 of the California Building
Code.

1003.4 Floor surface. Walking surfaces of the means of egress
shall have a slip-resistant surface and be securely attached.

1003.5 Elevation change. Where changes in elevation of less
than 12 inches (305 mm) exist in the means of egress, sloped
surfaces shall be used. Where the slope is greater than one unit
vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope), ramps comply-
ing with Section 1010 shall be used. Where the difference in
elevation is 6 inches (152 mm) or less, the ramp shall be
equipped with either handrails or floor finish materials that
contrast with adjacent floor finish materials.

Exceptions:

1 . A single step with a maximum riser height of 7 inches
(178 mm) is permitted for buildings with occupancies
in Groups F, H, R-2, R-3, S and U at exterior doors not
required to be accessible by Chapter llA or IIB of
the California Building Code.

2. A stair with a single riser or with two risers and a tread
is permitted at locations not required to be accessible
by Chapter HA or IIB of the California Building
Code, provided that the risers and treads comply with
Section 1009.3, the minimum depth of the tread is 13
inches (330 mm) and at least one handrail complying
with Section 1012 is provided within 30 inches (762
mm) of the centerline of the normal path of egress
travel on the stair.

3. A step is permitted in aisles serving seating that has a
difference in elevation less than 12 inches (305 mm)
at locations not required to be accessible by Chapter
llAorllB of the California Building Code, provided
that the risers and treads comply with Section 1 025 . 1 1
and the aisle is provided with a handrail complying
with Section 1025.13.

Any change in elevation in a corridor or exit passageway
serving nonambulatory persons in Group 1-2 and Group 1-2.1
occupancj'ei' shall be by means of a ramp or sloped walkway.

1003.6 Means of egress continuity. The path of egress travel
along a means of egress shall not be interrupted by any building
element other than a means of egress component as specified in
this chapter. Obsti-uctions shall not be placed in the required
width of a means of egress except projections permitted by this
chapter. The required capacity of a means of egress system
shall not be diminished along the path of egress travel.

1003.7 Elevators, escalators and moving walks. Elevators,
escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a component
of a required means of egress from any other part of the
building.

Exception: Elevators used as an accessible means of egress
in accordance with Section 1007.4.

[BISECTION 1004
OCCUPANT LOAD

1004.1 Design occupant load. In determining means of egress
requirements, the number of occupants for whom means of
egress facilities shall be provided shall be determined in accor-
dance with this section. Where occupants from accessory ai-eas
egress through a primary space, the calculated occupant load

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

141

MEANS OF EGRESS

for the primary space shall include the total occupant load of
the primary space plus the number of occupants egressing
through it from the accessory area.

1004.1.1 Areas without fixed seating. The number of
occupants shall be computed at the rate of one occupant per
unit of area as prescribed in Table 1 004. 1.1. For areas with-
out fixed seating, the occupant load shall not be less than
that number determined by dividing the floor area under
consideration by the occupant per unit of area factor
assigned to the occupancy as set forth in Table 1004.1.1.
Where an intended use is not listed in Table 1004.1.1, the
building official shall establish a use based on a listed use
that most nearly resembles the intended use.

Exception: Where approved by the building official, the
actual number of occupants for whom each occupied
space, floor or building is designed, although less than
those determined by calculation, shall be permitted to be
used in the determination of the design occupant load.

1004.2 Increased occupant load. The occupant load permit-
ted in any building, or portion thereof, is permitted to be
increased from that number established for the occupancies in
Table 1004.1.1, provided that all other requkements of the
code are also met based on such modified number and the occu-
pant load does not exceed one occupant per 7 square feet (0.65
m^) of occupiable floor space. Where required by the fire code
official, an approved aisle, seating or fixed equipment diagram
substantiating any increase in occupant load shall be submit-
ted. Where required by the fire code official, such diagram shall
be posted.

1004.3 Posting of occupant load. Every room or space that is
an assembly occupancy shall have the occupant load of the
room or space posted in a conspicuous place, near the main exit
or exit access doorway from the room or space. Posted signs
shall be of an approved legible permanent design and shall be
maintained by the owner or authorized agent.

1004.4 Exiting from multiple levels. Where exits serve more
than one floor, only the occupant load of each floor considered
individually shall be used in computing the required capacity
of the exits at that floor, provided that the exit capacity shall not
decrease in the direction of egress travel.

1004.5 Egress convergence. Where means of egress from
floors above and below converge at an intermediate level, the
capacity of the means of egress from the point of convergence
shall not be less than the sum of the two floors.

1004.6 Mezzanine levels. The occupant load of a mezzanine
level with egress onto a room or area below shall be added to
that room or area's occupant load, and the capacity of the exits
shall be designed for the total occupant load thus established.

1004.7 Fixed seating. For areas having fixed seats and aisles,
the occupant load shall be determined by the number of fixed
seats installed therein. The occupant load for areas in which
fixed seating is not installed, such as waiting spaces and wheel-
chair spaces, shall be determined in accordance with Section
1004.1.1 and added to the number of fixed seats.

For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms, the
occupant load shall not be less than the number of seats based
on one person for each 1 8 inches (457 mm) of seating length.

TABLE 1004.1.1
MAXIMUM FLOOR AREA ALLOWANCES PER OCCUPANT

FUNCTION OF SPACE

FLOOR AREA IN SQ. FT.
PER OCCUPANT

Agricultural building

300 gross

Aircraft hangars

500 gross

Airport terminal
Baggage claim
Baggage handling
Concourse
Waiting areas

20 gross
300 gross
100 gross

15 gross

Assembly

Gaming floors (keno, slots, etc.)

1 1 gross

Assembly with fixed seats

See Section 1004.7

Assembly without fixed seats
Concentrated (chairs only — not fixed)
Standing space
Unconcentrated (tables and chairs)

7 net
5 net
15 net

Bowling centers, allow 5 persons for each
lane including 15 feet of runway, and for
additional areas

7 net

Business areas

100 gross

Courtrooms — other than fixed seating areas

40 net

Day care

35 net

Dormitories

50 gross

Educational
Classroom area
Shops and other vocational room areas

20 net
50 net

Exercise rooms

50 gross

H-5 Fabrication and manufacturing areas

200 gross

Industrial areas

100 gross

Institutional areas
Inpatient treatment areas
Outpatient areas
Sleeping areas

240 gross
100 gross
120 gross

Kitchens, commercial

200 gross

Library
Reading rooms
Stack area

50 net
100 gross

Locker rooms

50 gross

Mercantile
Areas on other floors
Basement and grade floor areas
Storage, stock, shipping areas

60 gross
30 gross
300 gross

Parking garages

200 gross

Residential

200 gross

Skating rinks, swimming pools
Rink and pool
Decks

50 gross
15 gross

Stages and platforms

15 net

Accessory storage areas, mechanical
equipment room

300 gross

Warehouses

500 gross

For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 a?.

142

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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The occupant load of seating booths shall be based on one
person for each 24 inches (610 mm) of booth seat length mea-
sured at the backrest of the seating booth.

1004.8 Outdoor areas. Yards, patios, courts and similar out-
door areas accessible to and usable by the building occupants
shall be provided with means of egress as required by this chap-
ter. The occupant load of such outdoor areas shall be assigned
by the fire code official in accordance with the anticipated use.
Where outdoor areas are to be used by persons in addition to the
occupants of the building, and the path of egress travel from the
outdoor areas passes through the building, means of egress
requirements for the building shall be based on the sum of the
occupant loads of the building plus the outdoor areas.

Exceptions:

1. Outdoor areas used exclusively for service of the
building need only have one means of egress.

2. Both outdoor areas associated with Group R-3 and in-
dividual dwelling units of Group R-2.

1004.9 Multiple occupancies. Where a building contains two
or more occupancies, the means of egress requirements shall
apply to each portion of the building based on the occupancy of
that space. Where two or more occupancies utilize portions of
the same means of egress system, those egress components
shall meet the more stringent requirements of all occupancies
that are served.

[BISECTION 1005
EGRESS WIDTH

1005.1 Minimum required egress width. The means of
egress width shall not be less than required by this section. The
total width of means of egress in inclies (mm) shall not be less
than the total occupant load served by the means of egress mul-
tiplied by the factors in Table 1005.1 and not less than specified
elsewhere in this code. Multiple means of egress shall be sized
such that the loss of any one means of egress shall not reduce
the available capacity to less than 50 percent of the required
capacity. The maximum capacity required from any story of a
building shall be maintained to the termination of the means of
egress.

Exception: Means of egress complying with Section 1025.

TABLE 1005.1
EGRESS WIDTH PER OCCUPANT SERVED

j^aUPANCY

WITHOUT
SPRiNKLER SYSTEIVI

WITH
SPRINKLER SYSTEM'

Stairways
(inches per
occupant)

Other egress

components

(inches per

occupant)

Stairways
(inches per
occupant)

, Other egress

components

(inches per

occupant)

Occupancies
other than those
listed below''

0.3

0.2

0.15

Hazardous: H-1,
H-2, H-3andH-4

0.7

0.4

Institutional: 1-2

0.3

0.2

For SI: 1 inch— 25.4 mm. NA = Not applicable.

a. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

b. See Section 1025.

1005.2 Door encroachment. Doors opening into the path of
egress travel shall not reduce the required width to less than
one-half during the course of the swing. When fully open, the
door shall not project more than 7 inches (178 mm) into the
required width.

Exception: The restrictions on a door swing shall not apply
to doors within individual dwelling units and sleeping units
of Group R-2 and dweUing units of Group R-3.

[BISECTION 1006
MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION

1006.1 Illumination required. The means of egress, including
the exit discharge, shall be illuminated a:t all times the building
space served by the means of egress is occupied.

Exceptions:

1. Occupancies in Group U.

2. Aisle accessways in Group A.

3. Dwelling units and sleeping units in Groups R-1, R-2
and R-3.

4. Sleeping units of Group I occupancies and Group
R-4.

1006.2 Illumination level. The means of egress illumination
level shall not be less than 1 foot-candle (11 lux) at the walking
surface.

Exception: For auditoriums, theaters, concert or opera halls
and similar assembly occupancies, the illumination at the
walking surface is permitted to be reduced during perfor-
mances to not less than 0.2 foot-candle (2.15 lux), provided
that the required illumination is automatically restored upon
activation of a premises' fire alarm system where such
system is provided.

1006.3 Illumination emergency power. The power supply for
means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the
premises' electrical supply.

( In the event of power supply failure, an emergency electrical
system shall automatically illuminate the following areas:

1. Aisles and unenclosed egress stairways in rooms and
spaces that require two or more means of egress.

2. Corridors, exit enclosures and exit passageways in build-
ings required to have two or more exits.

3 . Exterior egress components at other than the level of exit
discharge until exit discharge is accomplished for build-
ings required to have two or more exits.

4. Interior exit discharge elements, as permitted in Section
1 024. 1 , in buildings required to have two or more exits .

5. Exterior landings, as required by Section 1008.1.5, for
exit discharge doorways in buildings required to have
two or more exits.

The emergency power system shall provide power for a
duration of not less than 90 minutes and shall consist of storage
batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installa-
tion of the emergency power system shall be in accordance
with Section 2702 of the California Building Code.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

143

MEANS OF EGRESS

1006.4 Performance of system. Emergency lighting facilities
shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is at least
an average of 1 foot-candle (11 lux) and a minimum at any
point of 0.1 foot-candle (1 lux) measured along the path of
egress at floor level. Illumination levels shall be permitted to
decline to 0.6 foot-candle (6 lux) average and a minimum at
any point of 0.06 foot-candle (0.6 lux) at the end of the emer-
gency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum illu-
mination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded.

[BISECTION 1007
ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS

1007.1 Accessible means of egress required. Accessible
means of egress shall comply with this section. Accessible
spaces shall be provided wilii not less than one accessible
means of egress. Where more than one means of egress is
required by Section 1015.1 or 1019.1 from any accessible
space, each accessible portion of the space shall be served by
accessible means of egress in at least the same number as
required by Section 1015.1 or 1019.1. In addition to the
requirements of this chapter, means of egress, which provide
access to, or egress from, buildings for persons with disabili-
ties, shall also comply with the requirements of Chapter 11 A or
IIB of the California Building Code, as applicable.

Exceptions:

1. Accessible means of egress are not required in alter-
ations to existing buildings.

2. One accessible means of egress is required from an
accessible mezzanine level in accordance with Sec-
tion 1007.3, 1007.4 or 1007.5 and Chapter llA or
IIB of the California Building Code, as applicable.

3. In assembly spaces with sloped floors, one accessible
means of egress is required from a space where the
common path of travel of the accessible route for ac-
cess to the wheelchair spaces meets the requirements
in Section 1025.8 and Chapter llA or IIB of the Cal-
ifornia Building Code, as applicable.

1007.2 Continuity and components. Each required accessi-
ble means of egress shall be continuous to a public way and
shall consist of one or more of the following components:

1. Accessible routes complying with Chapter 11 A, Sec-
tions lllOA and 1120A, or Chapter IIB, Section
11 MB. 1.2, of the California Building Code, as applica-
ble.

2. Stairways within vertical exit enclosures complying with
Sections 1007.3, 1020, and Chapter 11 A, Section
1123A, or Chapter 1 IB, Section 1133B.4, of the Califor-
nia Building Code, as applicable.

3. Exterior exit stairways complying with Sections 1007.3,
1023, and Chapter 1 1 A, SectionlllSA, orChapterllB,
Section 1133B.4, of the California Building Code, as ap-
plicable.

4. Elevators complying with Section 1007.4 and Chapter
Ilk, Section 1124A, or Chapter IIB, Section 1116B.1,
of the California Building Code, as applicable.

5. Platform lifts complying with Section 1007.5 and Chap-
ter HA, Section 1124 A, or Chapter IIB, Sections
1116B.2 and 1116B.3, of the California Building Code,
as applicable.

6. Horizontal exits complying with Section 1022.

7. Ramps complying with Section 1010 and Chapter llA,
Sections 11 14 A and 1122 A, or Chapter IIB, Section
1133B.5, of the California Building Code, as applicable.

8. Areas of refuge complying with Section 1007.6.
Exceptions:

1 . Where the exit discharge is not accessible, an exte-
rior area for assisted rescue must be provided in ac-
cordance with Section 1007.8.

2. Where the exit stairway is open to the exterior, the
accessible means of egress shall include either an
area of refuge in accordance with Section 1007.6
or an exterior area for assisted rescue in accor-
dance with Section 1007.8.

1007.2.1 Elevators required. In buildings where a required
accessible floor is four or more stories above or below a
level of exit discharge, at least one required accessible
means of egress shall be an elevator complying with Section
1007.4.

Exceptions:

1. In buildings equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the elevator
shall not be required on floors provided with a hor-
izontal exit and located at or above the level of exit
discharge.

2. In buildings equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the elevator
shall not be required on floors provided with a
ramp conforming to the provisions of Section
1010.

1007.3 Exit stairways. In order to be considered part of an
accessible means of egress, an exit stairway shall have a clear
width of 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum between handrails
and shall either incorporate an area of refuge within an
enlarged floor-level landing or shall be accessed from either an
area of refuge complying with Section 1007.6 or a horizontal
exit. In addition, exit stairways shall comply with Chapter 1 lA,
Sections 1115A and 1123A, or Chapter IIB, Section 1133B.4,
of the California Building Code, as applicable.

Exceptions:

1. Unenclosed exit stairways as permitted by Section
1020.1 are permitted to be considered part of an ac-
cessible means of egress.

2. The area of refuge is not required at unenclosed exit
stairways as permitted by Section 1020. 1 in buildings
or facilities that are equipped throughout with an au-
tomatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1.

144

2007 CALIFORNtA FIRE CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

3. The clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm) between
handrails is not requked at exit stairways in buildings
or facihties equipped thi^oughout with an automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

4. The clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm) between
handrails is not required for exit stairways accessed
from a horizontal exit.

5. Areas of refuge are not required at exit stairways serv-
ing open parking garages.

1007.4 Elevators. In order to be considered part of an accessi-
ble means of egress, an elevator shall comply with the emer-
gency operation and signaling device requirements of Section
2.27 of ASME A17.1. Standby power shall be provided in
accordance with Section 604.2.5 of this code and Section 3003
of the California Building Code. The elevator shall be accessed
from either an area of refuge complying with Section 1007.6 or
a horizontal exit.

Exception: Elevators ai'e not required to be accessed from
an area of refuge or horizontal exit in open parking garages.

1007.5 Platform lifts. Platform (wheelchair) lifts shall not
serve as part of an accessible means of egress, except where
allowed as part of a required accessible route in Chapter HA,
Section 1121A, or Chapter IIB, Sections 1116B.2.1 through
1116B.2.4, of the California Building Code, as applicable.
Standby power shall be provided in accordance with Section
604.2.6 for platform lifts permitted to serve as part of a means
of egress.

[DSA-AC]See Chapter IIB, Section 1116B.3 of the Califor-
nia Building Code for additional accessible means of egress
requirements at platform or special access lifts.

1007.5.1 Openness. Platform lifts on an accessible means
of egress shall not be installed in a fully enclosed or
fire-rated shaft. -

1007.6 Areas of refuge. Every requu-ed ai-ea of refuge shall be
accessible from the space it serves by an accessible means of
egress. The maximum travel distance from any accessible
space to an area of refuge shall not exceed the travel distance
permitted for the occupancy in accordance with Section
1016.1. Every required area of refuge shall have direct access
to an enclosed stairway complying with Sections 1007.3 and
1020.1 or an elevator complying with Section 1007.4. Where
an elevator lobby is used as an area of refuge, the shaft and
lobby shall comply with Section 1020.1.7 for smokeproof
enclosures except where the elevators ai-e in an area of refuge
formed by a horizontal exit or smoke barrier.

[DSA-AC] Areas of refuge shall comply with the require-
ments of this code and shall adjoin an accessible route of travel
complying with Chapter IIB, Section 1114B.1.2 of the Califor-
nia Building Code.

1007.6.1 Size. Each ai-ea of refuge shall be sized to accom-
modate two wheelchair- spaces that are not less than 30
inches by 48 inches (762 mm by 1219 mm) each. The total
number of such 30-inch by 48-inch (762 mm by 1219 mm)
spaces per story shall be not less than one for every 200 per-
sons of calculated occupant load served by the area of ref-
uge. Such wheelchair spaces shall not reduce the required

means of egress width. Access to any of the required wheel-
chair spaces in an area of refuge shall not be obstructed by
more than one adjoining wheelchair space.

Exception: The enforcing agency may reduce the size of
each required area of refuge to accommodate one wheel-
chair space that is not less than 30 inches by 48 inches
(762 mm x 1219 mm) on floors where the occupant load
is less than 200.

1007.6.2 Separation. Each area of refuge shall be sepai-ated
from the remainder of the story by a smoke baiTier comply-
ing with Section 709 of the California Building Code or a
horizontal exit complying with Section 1022. Each area of
refuge shall be designed to minimize the intrusion of smoke.

Exception: Areas of refuge located within a vertical exit
enclosure.

1007.6.3 Two-way communication. Areas of refuge shall
be provided with a two-way communication system
between the area of refuge and a central control point. If the
central control point is not constantly attended, the area of
refuge shall also have controlled access to a public tele-
phone system. Location of the central control point shall be
approved by the fire department. The two-way coinmunica-
tion system shall include both audible and visible signals.

1007.6.3.1 [DSA-AC], A button complying with Chapter
IIB, Section 1117B.6ofthe California Building Code in
the area of refuge shall activate both a light in the area of
refuge indicating that rescue has been requested and a
light at the central control point indicating that rescue is
being requested. A button at the central control point
shall activate both a light at the central control point and
a light in the area of refuge indicating that the request
has been received.

1007.6.4 Instructions. In areas of refuge that have a
two-way emergency conmiunications system, instructions
on the use of the area under emergency conditions shall be
posted adjoining the communications system. The instruc-
tions shall include all of the following and shall comply with
Section 1117B.5.1 Item2, of the California Building Code:

1. Directions to find other means of egress.

2. Persons able to use the exit stakway do so as soon as
possible, unless they are assisting others.

3. Information on planned availability of assistance in
the use of stairs or supervised operation of elevators
and how to summon such assistance.

4. Directions for use of the emergency communications
system.

1007.6.5 Identification. Each door providing access to an
area of refuge from an adjacent floor area shall be identified
by a sign complying with Section 1117B.5.1 Item 2 of the
California Building Code, stating: AREA OF REFUGE,
and including the International Symbol of Accessibility.
Where exit sign illumination is required by Section 1011.2,
the area of refuge sign shall be illuminated. Additionally,
tactile signage complying with Section 1117B.5.1 Item 1 of
the California Building Code shall be located at each door to
an ai'ea of refuge.

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1007.7 Signage. At exits and elevators serving a required
accessible space but not providing an approved accessible
means of egress, signage shall be installed indicating the loca-
tion of accessible means of egress. Signs shall comply with
Chapter 1 lA or Chapter 1 IB, Section 1117B.5.1 Items 2 and 3,
of the California Building Code, as applicable.

1007.8 Exterior area for assisted rescue. The exterior area for
assisted rescue must be open to the outside air and meet the
requirements of Section 1007.6.1. Separation walls shall com-
ply with the requirements of Section 704 of the California
Building Code for exterior walls. Where walls or openings are
between the area for assisted rescue and the interior of the
building, the building exterior walls within 10 feet (3048 mm)
horizontally of a nonrated wall or unprotected opening shall
have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings
within such exterior walls shall be protected by opening
protectives having a fire protection rating of not less tiian V4
hour. This consti-uction shall extend vertically from the ground
to a point 1 feet (3048 mm) above the floor level of the area for
assisted rescue or to the roof line, whichever is lower.

1007.8.1 Openness. The exterior area for assisted rescue
shall be at least 50 percent open, and the open area above the
guards shall be so distributed as to minimize the accumula-
tion of smoke or toxic gases.

1007.8.2 Exterior exit stairway. Exterior exit stairways
that are part of the means of egress for the exterior area for
assisted rescue shall provide a clear width of 48 inches
(1219 mm) between handrails.

1007.8.3 Identification. Exterior areas for assisted rescue
shall have identification as required for area of refuge that
complies with Section 1007.6.5.

1007.9 Alarms/emergency warning systems/accessibility. If

emergency warning systems are required, they shall activate a
means of warning the hearing impaired. Emergency warning
systems as part of the fire-alarm system shall be designed and
installed in accordance with NFPA 72, as amended in Chapter
45 and Chapter 9, Sections 907.10.1 and 907.10.2.

[BISECTION 1008
DOORS, GATES AND TURNSTILES

[DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this section,
means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, build-
ings or facilities where accessibility is required for applica-
tions listed in Title 24, Part 2, Section 109.1 regulated by the
Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance shall also
comply with Chapter 11 A or Chapter IIB, Section 1133B.2 of
the California Building Code, as applicable.

1008.1 Doors. Means of egress doors shall meet the require-
ments of this section. Doors serving a means of egress system
shall meet the requirements of this section and Section 1018.2.
Doors provided for egress purposes in numbers greater than
required by this code shall meet the requirements of this
section.

Means of egress doors shall be readily distinguishable from
the adjacent construction and finishes such that the doors are

easily recognizable as doors. Mirrors or similar reflecting
materials shall not be used on means of egress doors. Means of
egress doors shall not be concealed by curtains, drapes, decora-
tions or similar materials.

1008.1.1 Size of doors. The minimum width of each door
opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and
shall provide a clear width of not less than 32 inches (813
mm). Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors
shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop,
with the door open 90 degrees (1 .57 rad). Where this section
requires a minimum clear width of 32 inches (813 mm) and
a door opening includes two door leaves without a mullion,
one leaf shall provide a clear opening width of 32 inches
(813 mm). The maximum width of a swinging door leaf
shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) nominal. Means of egress
doors in a Group 1-2 occupancy used for the movement of
beds and litter patients shall provide a clear width not less
than 44 inches (1118 mm). The height of doors shall not be
less than 80 inches (2032 mm).

Exceptions:

1 . The minimum and maximum width shall not apply
to door openings that are not part of the required
means of egress in Group R-2 and R-3 occupan-
cies.

2. Other than those required to be accessible by
Chapter IIB of the California Building Code,
door openings to resident sleeping units in Group
1-3 occupancies shall have a clear width of not less
than 28 inches (711 mm).

3. Door openings to storage closets less than 10
square feet (0.93 m^) in area shall not be Umited by
the minimum width.

4. Width of door leafs in revolving doors that comply
with Section 1008.1.3.1 shall not be limited.

5. Door openings within a dwelling unit or sleeping
unit shall not be less than 78 inches (1981 mm) in
height.

6. Exterior door openings in dwelling units and
sleeping units, other than the required exit door,
shall not be less than 76 inches (1930 mm) in
height.

7. In other than Group R-1 occupancies, the mini-
mum widths shall not apply to interior egress doors
within a dwelling unit or sleeping unit that is not
required to be adaptable or accessible as specified
in Chapter llA or IIB of the California Building
Code, as applicable.

8. Door openings requii'ed to be accessible within
dwelling units shall have a minimum clear width as
specified in Chapter HA or HB of the California
Building Code, as applicable.

1008.1.1.1 Projections into clear width. There shall not
be projections into the requked clear width lower than 34
inches (864 mm) above the floor or ground. Projections
into the clear opening width between 34 inches (864

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mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) above the floor or ground
shall not exceed 4 inches (102 mm).

Exception: In a Group 1-2 occupancy, there shall be
no projections into the clear width of means of egress
doors used for the movement of beds and litter
patients in the means of egress.

1008.1.2 Door swing. Egress doors shall be side-hinged
swinging.

Exceptions:

1. Private garages, office areas, factory and storage
areas with an occupant load of 10 or less.

2. Group 1-3 occupancies used as a place of deten-
tion.

3. Critical or intensive care patient rooms within
suites of health care facilities.

4. Doors within or serving a single dwelling unit in
Groups R-2 and R-3.

5. In other than Group H occupancies, revolving
doors complying with Section 1008.1.3.1.

6. In other than Group H occupancies, horizontal
sliding doors complying with Section 1008.1.3.3
are permitted in a means of egress.

7. Power-operated doors in accordance with Sec-
tion 1008.1.3.2.

8. Doors serving a bathroom within an individual
sleeping unit in Group R-1.

9. In a Group 1-2 occupancy, all required exterior
egress doors shall open in the direction of egress
regardless of the occupant load seiyed.

10. In Group 1-2 and 1-2.1 occupancies, exit doors
serving an occupant load ofl Oor more may be of
the pivoted or balanced type.

Doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel where
serving an occupant load of 50 or more persons or a Group
H occupancy.

The opening force for interior side-swinging doors with-
out closers shall not exceed a 5-pound (22 N) force. For
other side-swinging, sliding and folding doors, the door
latch shall release when subjected to a 15-pound (67 N)
force. The door shall be set in motion when subjected to a
30-pound (133 N) force. The door shall swing to a full-open
position when subjected to a 15-pound (67 N) force. Forces
shall be applied to the latch side.

1008.1.3 Special doors. Special doors and security grilles
shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1008.1.3.1
through 1008.1.3.5.

1008.1.3.1 Revolving doors. Revolving doors shall
comply with the following:

1 . Each revolving door shall be capable of collapsing
into a bookfold position with parallel egress paths
providing an aggregate width of 36 inches (914
mm).

2. A revolving door shall not be located within 1 feet
(3048 mm) of the foot of or top of stairs or escala-

tors. A dispersal area shall be provided between
the stairs or escalators and the revolving doors.

3. The revolutions per minute (rpm) for a revolving
door shall not exceed those shown in Table
1008.1.3.1.

4. Each revolving door shall have a side-hinged
swinging door which complies with Section
1008.1 in the same wall and within 10 feet (3048
mm) of the revolving door.

TABLE 1008.1.3.1
REVOLVING DOOR SPEEDS

INSIDE DIAMETER
(feet-inches)

POWER-DRIVEN-TYPE

SPEED CONTROL

(rpm)

MANUAL-TYPE SPEED

CONTROL

(rpm)

6-6

7-0

7-6 ,,

8-0

8-6

9-0

9-6

10-0

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

1008.1.3.1.1 Egress component. A revolving door
used as a component of a means of egress shall com-
ply with Section 1008.1.3.1 and the following three
conditions:

1. Revolving doors shall not be given credit for
more than 50 percent of the required egress ca-
pacity.

2. Each revolving door shall be credited with no
more than a 50-person capacity.

3. Each revolving door shall be capable of being
collapsed when a force of not more than 130
pounds (578 N) is applied within 3 inches (76
mm) of the outer edge of a wing.

1008.1.3.1.2 Other than egress component. A

revolving door used as other than a component of a
means of egress shall comply with Section
1008.1.3.1. The collapsing force of a revolving door
not used as a component of a means of egress shall not
be more than 180 pounds (801 N).

Exception: A collapsing force in excess of 180
pounds (801 N) is permitted if the collapsing force
is reduced to not more than 130 pounds (578 N)
when at least one of the following conditions is sat-
isfied:

1 . There is a power failure or power is removed
to the device holding the door wings in posi-
tion.

2. There is an actuation of the automatic sprin-
kler system where such system is provided.

3. There is an actuation of a smoke detection
system which is installed in accordance with

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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MEANS OF EGRESS

Section 907 to provide coverage in areas
within the building which are within 75 feet
(22 860 mm) of the revolving doors.

4. There is an actuation of a manual control
switch, in an approved location and clearly
defined, which reduces the holding force to
below the 130-pound (578 N) force level.

1008.1.3.2 Power-operated doors. Where means of
egress doors are operated by power, such as doors with a
photoelectric-actuated mechanism to open the door upon
the approach of a person, or doors with power-assisted
manual operation, the design shall be such that in the
event of power failure, the door is capable of being
opened manually to permit means of egress travel or
closed where necessary to safeguard means of egress.
The forces required to open these doors manually shall
not exceed those specified in Section 1008.1.2, except
that the force to set the door in motion shall not exceed 50
pounds (220 N). The door shall be capable of swinging
from any position to the full width of the opening in
which such door is installed when a force is apphed to the
door on the side from which egress is made.
Full-power-operated doors shall comply with BHMA
A156.10. Power-assisted and low-energy doors shall
comply with BHMA A156.19.

Exceptions:

1. Occupancies in Group 1-3.

2. Horizontal sliding doors complying with Sec-
tion 1008.1.3.3.

3. For a biparting door in the emergency breakout
mode, a door leaf located within a multiple-leaf
opening shall be exempt from the minimum
32-inch (813 mm) single-leaf requirement of
Section 1008.1.1, provided a minimum 32-inch
(813 mm) clear opening is provided when the
two biparting leaves meeting in the center are
broken out.

1008.1.3.3 Horizontal sliding doors. In other than
Group H occupancies, horizontal sliding doors permitted
to be a component of a means of egress in accordance
with Exception 5 to Section 1008.1.2 shall comply with
all of the following criteria:

1 . The doors shall be power operated and shall be ca-
pable of being operated manually in the event of
power failure.

2. The doors shall be openable by a simple method
from both sides without special knowledge or ef-
fort.

3 . The force required to operate the door shall not ex-
ceed 30 pounds (133 N) to set the door in motion
and 15 pounds (67 N) to close the door or open it to
the minimum required width.

4. The door shall be openable with a force not to ex-
ceed 15 pounds (67 N) when a force of 250 pounds
( 1 1 00 N) is applied perpendicular to the door adj a-
cent to the operating device.

5. The door assembly shall comply with the applica-
ble fire protection rating and, where rated, shall be
self-closing or automatic closing by smoke detec-
tion in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3 of the
California Building Code, shall be installed in ac-
cordance with NFPA 80 and shall comply with
Section 715.

6. The door assembly shall have an integrated
standby power supply.

7. The door assembly power supply shall be electri-
cally supervised.

8. The door shall open to the minimum required
width within 10 seconds after activation of the op-
erating device.

1008.1.3.4 Access-controlled egress doors. The

entrance doors in a means of egress in buildings with an
occupancy in Group A, B, M, R-1 or R-2 and entrance
doors to tenant spaces in occupancies in Groups A, B, M,
R-1 and R-2 are permitted to be equipped with an
approved entrance and egress access control system
which shall be installed in accordance with all of the fol-
lowing criteria:

1. A sensor shall be provided on the egress side ar-
ranged to detect an occupant approaching the
doors. The doors shall be arranged to unlock by a
signal from or loss of power to the sensor.

2. Loss of power to that part of the access control sys-
tem which locks the doors shall automatically un-
lock the doors.

3 . The doors shall be arranged to unlock from a man-
ual unlocking device located 40 inches to 48
inches (1016 mm to 1 2 1 9 nun) vertically above the
floor and within 5 feet (1524 mm) of die secured
doors. Ready access shall be provided to the man-
ual unlocking device and the device shall be
clearly identified by a sign that reads "PUSH TO
EXIT." When operated, the manual unlocking de-
vice shall result in direct interruption of power to
the lock-independent of the access control system
electronics-and the doors shall remain unlocked
for a minimum of 30 seconds.

4. Activation of the building fire alarm system, if pro-
vided, shall automatically unlock the doors, and
the doors shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm
system has been reset.

5. Activation of the building automatic sprinlder or
fii-e detection system, if provided, shall automati-
cally unlock the doors. The doors shall remain un-
locked until the fire alarm system has been reset.

6. Entrance doors in buildings with an occupancy in
Group A, B or M shall not be secured from the
egress side during periods that the building is open
to the general public.

1008.1.3.5 Security grilles. In Groups B, F, M and S,
horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles are permit-
ted at the main exit and shall be openable from the inside

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2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort
during periods that tlie space is occupied. The grilles
shall remain secured in the full-open position during the
period of occupancy by the general public. Where two or
more means of egress are required, not more than
one-half of the exits or exit access doorways shall be
equipped with horizontal sliding or vertical security
grilles.

1008.1:3.6 Special provisions. School classrooms con-
structed after January 1, 1990, not equipped with auto-
matic sprinkler systems, which have metal grilles or bars
hn all their windows and do not have at least two exit
doors within 3 feet (914 mm) of each end of the classroom
opening to the exterior of the building or to a common
hallway used for evacuation purposes, shall have an
inside release for the grilles or bars on at least one win-
dow farthest from the exit doors. The window or windows
with the inside release shall be clearly marked as emer-
gency exits.

1008.1.4 Floor elevation. There shall be a floor or landing
on each side of a door. Such floor or landing shall be at the
same elevation on each side of the door. Landings shall be
level except for exterior landings, which are permitted to
have a slope not to exceed 0.25 unit vertical in 12 units hori-
zontal (2-percent slope).

Exceptions:

1. Doors serving individual dwelling units in Groups
R-2 and R-3 where the following apply:

1.1. A door is permitted to open at the top step
of an interior flight of stairs, provided the
door does not swing over the top step.

1.2. Screen doors and storm doors are permit-
ted to swing over stairs or landings.

2. Exterior doors as provided for in Section 1003.5,
Exception 1, and Section 1018.2, which are not on
an accessible route.

3. In Group R-3 occupancies not required to be Ac-
cessible units, Type A units or Type B units, the
landing at an exterior doorway shall not be more
than 7.75 inches (197 mm) below the top of the
tlreshold, provided the door, other than an exterior
storm or screen door, does not swing over the
landing.

4. Variations in elevation due to differences in finish
materials, but not more than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm).

5. Exterior decks, patios or balconies that are part of
Type B dwelling units, have impervious surfaces
and that ai'e not more than 4 inches (102 mm) be-
low the finished floor level of the adj acent interior
space of the dwelling unit.

1008.1.5 Landings at doors. Landings shall have a width
riot less than the width of the stairway or the door, whichever
is greater. Doors in the fully open position shall not reduce a
required dimension by more than 7 inches (178 mm). When
a landing serves an occupant load of 50 or more, doors in
any position shall not reduce the landing to less tlian

one-half its required width. Landings shall have a length
measured in the direction of travel of not less than 44 inches
(1118 mm).

Exception: Landing length in the direction of travel in
Groups R-3 and U and within individual units of Group
R-2 need not exceed 36 inches (914 mm).

1008.1.6 Thresholds. Thresholds at doorways shall not
exceed 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) in height for sliding doors serv-
ing dwelhng units or 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) for other doors.
Raised thresholds and floor level changes greater than 0.25
inch (6.4 mm) at doorways shall be beveled with a slope not
greater than one unit vertical in two units horizontal
(50-percent slope).

Exception: The threshold height shall be limited to 7.75
inches (197 mm) where the occupancy is Group R-2 or
R-3; the door is an exterior door that is not a component
of the required means of egress; the door, other than an
exterior storm or screen door does not swing over the
landing or step; and the doorway is not on an accessible
route as required by Chapter llA or IIB of the Califor-
nia Building Code and is not part of an adaptable or
accessible dwelling unit.

1008.1.7 Door arrangement. Space between two doors in a
series shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum plus the
width of a door swinging into the space. Doors in a series
shall swing either in the same direction or away from the
space between the doors.

Exceptions:

1 . The minimum distance between horizontal sliding
power-operated doors in a series shall be 48 inches
(1219 mm). -

2. Storm and screen doors serving individual dwell-
ing units in Groups R-2 and R-3 need not be spaced
48 inches (1219 mm) from the other door.

3. Doors within individual dwelling units in Groups
R-2 and R-3 other than within Type A dwelling
units.

1008.1.8 Door operations. Except as specifically permitted
by this section egress doors shall be readily openable from
the egress side without the use of a key or special knowledge
or effort.

1008.1.8.1 Hardware. Door handles, pulls, latches,
locks and otlier operating devices on doors required to be
accessible by Chapter 1 lA, Section 1126A.6, or Chapter
HE, Section 1133B.2. 5, of the California Building Code
shall not require tight grasping, tight pinching or twisting
of the wrist to operate.

1008.1.8.2 Hardware height. Door handles, pulls,
latches, locks and other operating devices shall be
installed 34 inches (864 mm) minimum and 48 inches
(1219 mm) maximum above the finished floor. Locks
used only for security purposes and not used for normal
operation are permitted at any height.

Exception: Access doors or gates in barrier walls and
fences protecting pools, spas and hot tubs shall be per-

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

149

MEANS OF EGRESS

mitted to have operable parts of the release of latch on
self-latching devices at 54 inches (1370 mm) maxi-
mum above the finished floor or ground, provided the
self-latching devices are not also self-locking devices
operated by ineans of a key, electronic opener or inte-
gral combination lock.

1008.1.8.3 Locks and latches. Locks and latches shall
be permitted to prevent operation of doors where any of
the following exists:

1 . Places of detention or restraint.

2. In buildings in occupancy Group A having an oc-
cupant load of 300 or less. Groups B, F, M and S,
and in places of religious worship, the main exte-
rior door or doors are permitted to be equipped
with key-operated locking devices from the egress
side provided:

2.1. The locking device is readily distinguishable
as locked,

2.2. A readily visible durable sign is posted on the
egress side on or adjacent to the door stating:
THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED
WHEN BUILDING IS OCCUPIED. The sign
shall be in letters 1 inch (25 mm) high on a
contrasting background,

2.3. The use of the key-operated locking device is
revokable by the fire code official for due
cause.

3. Where egress doors are used in pairs, approved au-
tomatic flush bolts shall be permitted to be used,
provided that the door leaf having the automatic
flush bolts has no doorknob or surface-mounted
hardware.

4. Doors from individual dwelling or sleeping units
of Group R occupancies having an occupant load
of 10 or less are permitted to be equipped with a
night latch, dead bolt or security chain, provided
such devices are openable from the inside without
the use of a key or tool.

1008.1.8.4 Bolt locks. Manually operated flush bolts or
surface bolts are not permitted.

Exceptions:

1. On doors not required for egress in individual
dwelling units or sleeping units.

2. Where a pair of doors serves a storage or equip-
ment room, manually operated edge- or sur-
face-mounted bolts are permitted on the
inactive leaf.

1008.1.8.5 Unlatching. The unlatching of any door or
leaf shall not require more than one operation.

Exceptions:

1. Places of detention or restraint.

2. Where manually operated bolt locks are permit-
ted by Section 1008.1.8.4.

3. Doors with automatic flush bolts as permitted
by Section 1008.1.8.3, Exception 3.

4. Doors from individual dwelling units and
sleeping units of Group R occupancies as per-
mitted by Section 1008.1.8.3, Exception 4.

1008.1.8.6 Delayed egress locks. Approved, listed,
delayed egress locks shall be permitted to be installed on
doors serving any occupancy except Group A, E and H
occupancies in buildings that are equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1 and an approved automatic smoke
detection system installed in accordance with Section
907, provided that the doors unlock in accordance with
Items 1 through 9 below. A building occupant shall not
be required to pass through more than one door equipped
with a delayed egress lock before entering an exit.
Delayed egress devices shall conform to all of the follow-
ing:

1 . The doors unlock upon actuation of the automatic
sprinkler system or automatic smoke detection
system.

2. The doors unlock upon loss of electrical power to
any one of the following:

2.1. The egress-control device itself.

2.2. The smoke detection system.

2.3. Means of egress illumination as required by
Section 1006.

3. The door locks shall have the capability of being
unlocked by a signal from a switch located in an
approved location.

4. The initiation of an irreversible process which will
release the latch in not more than 15 seconds when
a force of not more than 15 pounds (67 N) is ap-
plied for 1 second to the release device. Initiation
of the irreversible process shall activate an audible
signal in the vicinity of the door. Once the door
lock has been released by the application of force
to the releasing device, relocking shall be by man-
ual means only. The time delay established for
each egress-control device shall not be field ad-
justable. For applications listed in Section 109.1
regulated by the Division of the State Architect-Ac-
cess Compliance, see Chapter IIB, Section
1133B.2.5 of the California Building Code.

Exception: In facilities housing Alzheimer's or
dementia clients, a delay of not more than 30
seconds is permitted.

5. A sign shall be provided on the door located above
and within 12 inches (305 mm) of the release de-
vice reading: "KEEP PUSHING. THIS DOOR
WILL OPEN IN 15 [30] SECONDS. ALARM
WILL SOUND." Sign lettering shall be at least 1
inch (25 mm) in height and shall have a stroke of
not less than % inch (3.2 mm).

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2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

5.1. A tactile sign shall also be provided in Braille
and raised characters, which complies with
Section 1117B.5.1 Item 1, of the California
Building Code.

6. Emergency lighting shall be provided at the door.

7. Actuation of the panic bar or other door-latching
hardware shall activate an audible signal at the
door.

8. The unlatching shall not require more than one op-
eration.

9. Regardless of the means of deactivation, relocking
of the egress-control device shall be by manual
means only at the door.

1008.1.8.7 Stairway doors. Interior stairway means of
egress doors shall be openable from both sides without
the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.

Exceptions:

1. Stairway discharge doors shall be openable
from the egress side and shall only be locked
from the opposite side.

2. This section shall not apply to doors arranged in
accordance with Section 403.12 of the Califor-
nia Building Code.

3. In stairways serving not more than four stories,
doors are permitted to be locked from the side
opposite the egress side, provided they are
openable from the egress side and capable of
being unlocked simultaneously without un-
latching upon a signal from the fire command
center, if present, or a signal by emergency per-
sonnel from a single location inside the main
entrance to the building.

1008.1.9 Panic and fire exit hardware. Where panic and
fire exit hai-dware is installed, it shall comply with the fol-
lowing:

1 . The actuating portion of the releasing device shall ex-
tend at least one-half of the door leaf width.

2. The maximum unlatching force shall not exceed 15
pounds (67 N).

Each door in a means of egress from a Group A or assem-
bly area not classified as an assembly occupancy, E, 1-2 or
1-2.1 occupancies having an occupant load of 50 or more
and any Group H occupancy shall not be provided with a
latch or lock unless it is panic hardware or fire exit hard-
ware.

Exception: A main exit of a Group A occupancy in com-
phance with Section 1008.1.8.3, Item 2.

Electiical rooms with equipment rated 1,200 amperes or
more and over 6 feet (1829 mm) wide that contain
overcurrent devices, switching devices or conti^ol devices
with exit access doors must be equipped with panic hard-
ware and doors must swing in the direction of egress.

If balanced doors ai'e used and panic hai-dware is
required, the panic hardware shall be the push-pad type and

the pad shall not extend more then one-half the width of the
door measured from the latch side.

1008.2 Gates. Gates serving the means of egress system shall
comply with the requirements of this section. Gates used as a
component in a means of egress shall conform to the applicable
requirements for doors.

Exception: Horizontal sliding or swinging gates exceeding
the 4-foot (1219 mm) maximum leaf width limitation are
permitted in fences and walls surrounding a stadium.

1008.2.1 Stadiums. Panic hardware is not required on gates
surrounding stadiums where such gates are under constant
immediate supervision while the public is present, and
where safe dispersal ai^eas based on 3 square feet (0.28 m^)
per occupant are located between the fence and enclosed
space. Such required safe dispersal areas shall not be
located less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the enclosed
space. See Section 1024.6 for means of egress from safe
dispersal areas.

1008.3 'I\u-nstiles. Turnstiles or similar devices that restrict
travel to one direction shall not be placed so as to obstruct any
required means of egress.

Exception: Each turnstile or similar device shall be credited
with no more than a 50-person capacity where all of the fol-
lowing provisions ai-e met:

1. Each device shall turn free in the direction of egress
travel when primary power is lost, and upon the man-
ual release by an employee in the area.

2. Such devices are not given credit for more than 50
percent of the required egress capacity.

3. Each device is not more than 39 inches (991 mm)
high.

4. Each device has at least 16.5 inches (419 mm) clear
width at and below a height of 39 inches (991 mm)
and at least 22 inches (559 mm) clear width at heights
above 39 inches (991 mm).

Where located as part of an accessible route, turnstiles shall
have at least 36 inches (914 mm) clear at and below a height of
34 inches (864 mm), at least 32 inches (813 mm) clear width
between 34 inches (864 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) and
shall consist of a mechanism other than a revolving device.

1008.3.1 High turnstile. Turnstiles more than 39 inches
(991 mm) high shall meet the requii'ements for revolving
doors.

1008.3.2 Additional door. Where serving an occupant load
greater than 300, each turnstile that is not portable shall have
a side-hinged swinging door which conforms to Section
1008.1 within 50 feet (15 240 mm).

[BISECTION 1009
STAIRWAYS

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

151

MEANS OF EGRESS

comply with Chapter llA or Chapter IIB, Section 1133B.4 of
the California Building Code, as applicable.

1009.1 Stairway width. The width of stairways shall be deter-
mined as specified in Section 1005.1, but such width shall not
be less than 44 inches (1118 mm). See Section 1007.3 for
accessible means of egress stairways.

Exceptions:

1. Stairways serving an occupant load of less than 50
shall have a width of not less than 36 inches (914
mm).

2. Spiral stairways as provided for in Section 1009.8.

3. Aisle stairs complying with Section 1025.

4. Where an inchne platform lift or stairway chairlift is
installed on stairways serving occupancies in Group
R-3, or within dwelhng units in occupancies in Group
R-2, a clear passage width not less than 20 inches (508
mm) shall be provided. If the seat and platform can be
folded when not in use, the distance shall be measured
from the folded position.

Means of egress stairs in a Group 1-2 occupancy used for the
movement of beds and litter patients shall provide a clear width
not less than 44 inches (1118 mm).

1009.2 Headroom. Stairways shall have a minimum head-
room clearance of 80 inches (2032 mm) measured vertically
from a line connecting the edge of the nosings. Such headroom
shall be continuous above the stairway to the point where the
line intersects the landing below, one tread depth beyond the
bottom riser. The minimum clearance shall be maintained the
full width of the stairway and landing.

Exception: Spiral stairways complying with Section
1009.8 are permitted a 78-inch (1981 mm) headroom clear-
ance.

1009.3 Stair treads and risers. Stair riser heights shall be 7
inches (178 mm) maximum and 4 inches (102 mm) minimum.
Stair tread depths shall be 1 1 inches (279 mm) minimum. The
riser height shall be measured vertically between the leading
edges of adjacent treads. The tread depth shall be measured
horizontally between the vertical planes of the foremost projec-
tion of adjacent treads and at a right angle to the tread's leading
edge. Winder treads shall have a minimum tread depth of 1 1
inches (279 mm) measured at a right angle to the tread's leading
edge at a point 12 inches (305 mm) from the side where the
treads are narrower and a minimum tread depth of 10 inches
(254 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Alternating tread devices in accordance with Section
1009.9.

2. Spiral stairways in accordance with Section 1009.8.

3. Aisle stairs in assembly seating areas where the stair
pitch or slope is set, for sightline reasons, by the slope
of the adjacent seating area in accordance with Sec-
tion 1025.11.2.

4. In Group R-3 occupancies; within dwelling units in
Group R-2 occupancies; and in Group U occupancies
that are accessory to a Group R-3 occupancy or acces-

sory to individual dwelling units in Group R-2 occu-
pancies; the maximum riser height shall be 7.75
inches (197 nam); the minimum tread depth shall be
10 inches (254 mm); the minimum winder tread depth
at the walk line shall be 10 inches (254 mm); and the
minimum winder tread depth shall be 6 inches (152
mm). A nosing not less than 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) but
not more than 1.25 inches (32 mm) shall be provided
on stairways with solid risers where the tread depth is
less than 11 inches (279 mm).

5. See Section 1027.10 for the replacement of existing
stairways. For applications listed in Section 109.1
regulated by the Division of the State Architect-Ac-
cess Compliance, see Chapter 1 IB, Section 1134B of
the California Building Code.

1009.3.1 Winder treads. Winder treads are not permitted in
means of egress stairways except within a dweUing unit.

Exceptions:

1. Curved stairways in accordance with Section
1009.7.

2. Spiral stairways in accordance with Section
1009.8.

1009.3.2 Dimensional uniformity. Stair treads and risers
shall be of uniform size and shape. The tolerance between
the largest and smallest riser height or between the largest
and smallest tread depth shall not exceed 0.375 inch (9.5
mm) in any flight of stairs. The greatest winder tread depth
at the 12-inch (305 mm) walk line within any flight of stairs
shall not exceed the smallest by more than 0.375 inch (9.5
nun) measured at a right angle to the tread's leading edge.

Exceptions:

1 . Nonuniform riser dimensions of aisle stairs com-
plying with Section 1025.11.2.

2. Consistently shaped winders, complying with
Section 1009.3, differing from rectangular treads
in the same stairway flight.

Where the bottom or top riser adjoins a sloping pubhc
way, walkway or driveway having an estabhshed grade and
serving as a landing, the bottom or top riser is permitted to
be reduced along the slope to less than 4 inches (102 mm) in
height, with the variation in height of the bottom or top riser
not to exceed one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-per-
cent slope) of stairway width. The nosings or leading edges
of treads at such nonuniform height risers shall have a dis-
tinctive marking stripe, different from any other nosing
mai-king provided on the stair flight. The distinctive mark-
ing stripe shall be visible in descent of the stak and shall
have a slip-resistant surface. Mai-king stripes shall have a
width of at least 1 inch (25 mm) but not more than 2 inches
(51 mm).

1009.3.3 Profile. The radius of curvature at the leading edge
of the tread shall be not greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm).
Beveling of nosings shall not exceed 0.5 inch (12.7 mm).
Risers shall be solid and vertical or sloped from the under-
side of the leading edge of the tread above at an angle not
more than 30 degrees (0.52 rad) from the vertical. The lead-

152

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

ing edge (nosings) of treads shall project not more than 1 .25
inches (32 mm) beyond the tread below and all projections
of the leading edges shall be of uniform size, including the
leading edge of the floor at the top of a flight.

Exceptions:

1. Solid risers are not required for stairways that are
not required to comply with Section 1007.3, pro-
vided that the opening between treads does not
permit the passage of a sphere with a diameter of 4
inches (102 mm).

2. Solid risers are not required for occupancies in
Group 1-3.

1009.4 Stairway landings. There shall be a floor or landing at
the top and bottom of each stairway. The width of landings
shall not be less than the width of stairways they serve. Every
landing shall have a minimum dimension measured in the
direction of travel equal to the widtla of the stairway. Such
dimension need not exceed 48 inches (1219 ram) where the
stairway has a straight run.

Exceptions:

1. Aisle stairs complying with Section 1025.

2. Doors opening onto a landing shall not reduce the
landing to less than one-half the required width.
When fully open, the door shall not project more than
7 inches (178 mm) into a landing.

3. In Group R-3 occupancies a floor or landing is not re-
quired at the top of an interior flight of stairs, includ-
ing stairs in an enclosed garage, provided a door does
not swing over the stairs.

1009.5 Stairway construction. All stairways shall be built of
materials consistent with the types permitted for the type of
construction of the building, except that wood handrails shall
be permitted for all types of construction.

1009.5.1 Stairway walking surface. The walking surface
of treads and landings of a stairway shall not be sloped
steeper than one unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-per-
cent slope) in any direction. Stairway treads and landings
shall have a solid surface. Finish floor surfaces shall be
securely attached.

Exception: In Group F, H and S occupancies, other than
ai-eas of pai'king structures accessible to the public, open-
ings in treads and landings shall not be prohibited pro-
vided a sphere with a diameter of 1.125 inches (29 mm)
■ cannot pass through the opening.

1009.5.2 Outdoor conditions. Outdoor stairways and out-
door approaches to stairways shall be designed so that water
will not accumulate on walking surfaces.

1009.5.3 Enclosures under stairways. The walls and sof-
fits within enclosed usable spaces under enclosed and unen-
closed stairways shall be protected by 1-hour fire-
resistance-rated construction or the fire-resistance rating of
the stairway enclosure, whichever is greater. Access to the
enclosed space shall not be directly from within the stair
enclosure.

Exception: Spaces under stairways serving and con-
tained within a single residential dwelling unit in Group
R-2 or R-3 shall be permitted to be protected on the
enclosed side with 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board.

There shall be no enclosed usable space under exterior
exit stairways unless the space is completely enclosed in
1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. The open space
under exterior stairways shall not be used for any purpose.

1009.6 Vertical rise. A flight of staks shall not have a vertical
rise greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) between floor levels or
landings.

Exception: Aisle stairs complying with Section 1025.

1009.7 Curved stairways. Curved stairways with winder
treads shall have treads and risers in accordance with Section
1009.3 and the smallest radius shall not be less than twice the
required width of the stairway.

Exception: The radius restriction shall not apply to curved
stairways for occupancies in Group R-3 and within individ-
ual dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2.

1009.8 Spiral stairways. Spiral stairways are permitted to be
used as a component in the means of egress only within dwell-
ing units or from a space not more than 250 square feet (23 m^)
in area and serving not more than five occupants, or froni gal-
leries, catwalks and gridirons in accordance with Section
1015.6.

A spiral stairway shall have a 7.5 inch (191 mm) minimum
clear tread depth at a point 1 2 inches (305 mm) from the narrow
edge. The risers shall be sufficient to provide a headroom of 78
inches (1981 mm) minimum, but riser height shall not be more
than 9.5 inches (241 mm). The minimum stairway width shall
be 26 inches (660 mm).

1009.9 Alternating tread devices. Alternating tread devices
are limited to an element of a means of egress in buildings of
Groups F, H and S from a mezzanine not more than 250 square
feet (23 m^) in area and which serves not more than five occu-
pants; in buildings of Group 1-3 from a guard tower, observa-
tion station or control room not more than 250 squai-e feet (23
m^) in area and for access to unoccupied roofs.

1009.9.1 Handrails of alternating tread devices. Hand-
rails shall be provided on both sides of alternating tread
devices and shall comply with Section 1012.

1009.9.2 Treads of alternating tread devices. Alternating
tread devices shall have a minimum projected tread of 5
inches (127 mm), a minimum tread depth of 8.5 inches (216
mm), a minimum ti'ead width of 7 inches (178 mm) and a
maximum riser height of 9.5 inches (241 mm). The initial
tread of the device shall begin at the same elevation as the
platform, landing or floor surface.

Exception: Alternating tread devices used as an element
of a means of egress in buildings from a mezzanine area
not more than 250 square feet (23 m^) in area which
serves not more than five occupants shall have a mini-
mum projected tread of 8.5 inches (216 mm) with amini-
mum tread depth of 10.5 inches (267 mm). The rise to the
next alternating tread surface should not be more than 8
inches (203 mm).

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

153

MEANS OF EGRESS

1009.10 Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on each
side and shall comply with Section 1012. Where glass is used
to provide the handrail, the handrail shall also comply with
Section 2407 of the California Building Code.

Exceptions:

1. Aisle stairs complying with Section 1025 provided
with a center handrail need not have additional hand-
rails.

2. Stairways within dwelling units, spiral stairways and
aisle stairs serving seating only on one side are per-
mitted to have a handrail on one side only.

3 . Decks, patios and walkways that have a single change
in elevation where the landing depth on each side of
the change of elevation is greater than what is required
for a landing do not require handrails.

4. In Group R-3 occupancies, a continuous run of treads
orflight of stairs with less than four risers does not re-
quire handrails.

5. Changes in room elevations of only one riser within
dwelling units and sleeping units in Group R-2 occu-
pancies do not require handrails.

[DSA-AC] For applications listed in Section 109. 1 regulated
by the Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance, see
Chapter IIB, Section 1133B.4.1 of the California Building
Code.

1009.11 Stairway to roof. In buildings located four or more
stories in height above grade plane, one stairway shall extend to
the roof surface, unless the roof has a slope steeper than four
units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope). In
buildings without an occupied roof, access to the roof from the
top story shall be permitted to be by an alternating tread device.

1009.11.1 Roof access. Where a stairway is provided to a
roof, access to the roof shall be provided through a pent-
house complying with Section 1509.2 of the California
Building Code.

Exception: In buildings without an occupied roof,
access to the roof shall be permitted to be a roof hatch or
trap door not less than 1 6 square feet (1.5 m^) in area and
having a minimum dimension of 2 feet (610 mm).

1009.11.2 Protection at roof hatch openings. Where the
roof hatch opening providing the required access is located
within 10 feet (3049 mm) of the roof edge, such roof access
or roof edge shall be protected by guards installed in accor-
dance with the provisions of Section 1013.

[BISECTION 1010
RAMPS

[DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this section,
means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, build-
ings or facilities where accessibility is required for applica-
tions listed in Title 24, Part 2, Section 109.1 regulated by the
Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance shall also
comply with Chapter llA or Chapter 1 IB, Section 1133B.5, of
the California Building Code, as applicable.

1010.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to
ramps used as a component of a means of egress.

Exceptions:

1 . Other than ramps that are part of the accessible routes
providing access in accordance with Chapter 11 A or
Chapter 1 IB of the California Building Code, ramped
aisles within assembly rooms or spaces shall conform
with the provisions in Section 1025.1 1.

2. Curb ramps shall comply with Chapter 11 A or Chap-
ter 1 IB, Section 1127B.5, of the California Building
Code, as applicable.

3. Vehicle ramps in parking garages for pedestrian exit
access shall not be required to comply with Sections
1010.3 through 1010.9 when they are not an accessi-
ble route serving accessible parking spaces, other re-
quired accessible elements or part of an accessible
means of egress.

1010.2 Slope. Ramps used as part of a means of egress shall
have a running slope not steeper than one unit vertical in 12
units horizontal (8-percent slope). The slope of other pedes-
trian ramps shall not be steeper than one unit vertical in eight
units horizontal (12.5-percent slope).

Exception: An aisle ramp slope in occupancies of Group A
shall comply with Section 1025.1 1.

1010.3 Cross slope. The slope measured perpendicular to the
direction of travel of a ramp shall not be steeper than one unit
vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-percent slope).

1010.4 Vertical rise. The rise for any ramp run shall be 30
inches (762 mm) maximum.

1010.5 Minimum dimensions. The minimum dimensions of
means of egress ramps shall comply with Sections 1010.5.1
through 1010.5.3.

1010.5.1 Width. The minimum width of a means of egress
ramp shall not be less than that required for corridors by
Section 1017.2. The clear width of a ramp and the clear
width between handrails, if provided, shall be 36 inches
(914 mm) minimum.

1010.5.2 Headroom. The minimum headroom in all parts
of the means of egress ramp shall not be less than 80 inches
(2032 mm).

1010.5.3 Restrictions. Means of egress ramps shall not
reduce in width in the direction of egress travel. Projections
into the required ramp and landing width are prohibited.
Doors opening onto a landing shall not reduce the clear
width to less than 42 inches (1067 mm).

1010.6 Landings. Ramps shall have landings at the bottom and
top of each ramp, points of turning, entrance, exits and at doors.
Landings shall comply with Sections 1010.6.1 through
1010.6.5.

1010.6.1 Slope. Landings shall have a slope not steeper than
one unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in
any direction. Changes in level are not permitted.

1010.6.2 Width. The landing shall be at least as wide as the
widest ramp run adjoining the landing.

154

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

1010.6.3 Length. The landing length shall be 60 inches
(1525 mm) minimum.

Exceptions:

1. Landings in nonaccessible Group R-2 and R-3 in-
dividual dwelling units are permitted to be 36
inches (914 mm) minimum.

2. Where the ramp is not a part of an accessible route,
the length of the landing shall not be required to be
more than 48 inches (1220 mm) in the direction of
ti-avel.

1010.6.4 Change in direction. Where changes in direction
of travel occur at landings provided between ramp runs, the
landing shall be 60 inches by 60 inches (1524 mm by 1524
mm) minimum.

Exception: Landings in nonaccessible Group R-2 and
R-3 individual dweUing units ai-e permitted to be 36
inches by 36 inches (914 mm by 914 mm) minimum.

1010.6.5 Doorways. Where doorways are located adjacent
to a ramp landing, maneuvering clearances required for
accessibility are permitted to overlap the required landing
area as specified in Chapter llA or Chapter IIB, Section
1133B.5, of the California Building Code.

1010.7 Ramp construction. All ramps shall be built of materi-
als consistent with the types permitted for the type of construc-
tion of the building, except that wood handrails shall be
permitted for all types of construction. Ramps used as an exit
shall conform to the applicable requirements of Sections
1020.1 through 1020.1.3 for exit enclosures.

1010.7.1 Ramp surface. The surface of ramps shall be of
slip-resistant materials that are securely attached.

1010.7.2 Outdoor conditions. Outdoor ramps and outdoor
approaches to ramps shall be designed so that water will not
accumulate on walking surfaces.

1010.8 Handrails. Ramps with a rise greater than 6 inches
(152 mm) shall have handrails on both sides. Handrails shall
comply with Section 1012.

1010.9 Edge protection. Edge protection complying with Sec-
tion 1010.9.1 or 1010.9.2 shall be provided on each side of
ramp runs and at each side of ramp landings.

Exceptions:

1. Edge protection is not required on ramps that are not
required to have handrails, provided they have flared
sides that comply with the Chapter HA or Chapter
IIB, Section 1127B.5, of the California Building
Code curb ramp provisions.

■ 2. Edge protection is not required on the sides of ramp
landings serving an adjoining ramp run or stairway.

3. Edge protection is not required on the sides of ramp
landings having a vertical dropoff of not more than
0.5 inch (12.7 mm) within 10 inches (254 mm) hori-
zontally of the required landing area.

1010.9.1 Curb, rail, wall or barrier. A curb, rail, wall or
barrier shall be provided that prevents the passage of a
4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere, where any portion of the

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

sphere is within 4 inches (102 mm) of the floor or ground
surface.

1010.9.2 Extended floor or ground surface. The floor or
ground surface of the ramp run or landing shall extend 12
inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a
handrail complying with Section 1012.

1010.10 Guards. Guards shall be provided where required by
Section 1013 and shall be constructed in accordance with Sec-
tion 1013.

[BISECTION 1011
EXIT SIGNS

1011.1 Where required. Exits and exit access doors shall be
marked by an approved exit sign readily visible from any direc-
tion of egress travel. Access to exits shall be marked by readily
visible exit signs in cases where the exit or the path of egress
travel is not immediately visible to the occupants. Exit sign
placement shall be such that no point in a corridor is more than
100 feet (30 480 mm) or the listed viewing distance for the sign,
whichever is less, from the nearest visible exit sign.

Exceptions:

1. Exit signs are not required in rooms or ai'eas that re-
quire only one exit or exit access.

2. Main exterior exit doors or gates that are obviously
and clearly identifiable as exits need not have exit
signs where approved by the fire code official.

3. Exit signs are not requked in occupancies in Group U
and individual sleeping units or dwelling units in
Group R-1, R-2 or R-3.

4. Exit signs are not required in Group 1-3 occupancies
where inmates are housed, or held.

5. In occupancies in Groups A-4 and A-5, exit signs are
not required on the seating side of vomitories or open-
ings into seating areas where exit signs are provided
in the concourse that ai'e readily apparent from the
vomitories. Egress lighting is provided to identify
each vomitory or opening within the seating area in an
emergency.

1011.2 Illumination. Exit signs shall be internally or exter-
nally illurhinated.

Exception: Tactile signs required by Section 1011.3 need
not be provided with illumination.

1011.3 Tactile exit signs. For the purpose of Section 1011.3,
the term "tactile exit signs " shall mean those required signs
that comply with Section 1117B.5.1 Item 1 of the California
Building Code.

Tactile exit signs shall be required at the following locations:

1. Each grade-level exterior exit door shall be identified by
a tactile exit sign with the word, "EXIT."

2. Each exit door that leads directly to a grade-level exte-
rior exit by means of a stairway or ramp shall be identi-
fied by a tactile exit sign with the following words as
appropriate:

A. "EXIT STAIR DOWN"

155

MEANS OF EGRESS

B. "EXIT RAMP DOWN"

C. "EXIT STAIR UP"

D. "EXIT RAMP UP"

3. Each exit door that leads directly to a grade-level exte-
rior exit by means of an exit enclosure that does not uti-
lize a stair or ramp, or by means of an exit passageway,
shall be identified by a tactile exit sign with the words,
"EXITROUTE."

4. Each exit access door from an interior room or area that
is required to have a visual exit sign, shall be identified by
a tactile exit sign with the words, "EXIT ROUTE."

5. Each exit door through a horizontal exit shall be identi-
fied by a tactile exit sign with the words, "TO EXIT"

1011.4 Internally illuminated exit signs. Internally illumi-
nated exit signs shall be listed and labeled and shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and Section
2702 of the California Building Code. Exit signs shall be illu-
minated at all times.

1011.5 Externally illuminated exit signs. Externally illumi-
nated exit signs shall comply with Sections 1011.5.1 through
1011.5.3.

1011.5.1 Graphics. Every exit sign and directional exit sign
shall have plainly legible letters not less than 6 inches (152
mm) high with the principal strokes of the letters not less
than 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) wide. The word "EXIT" shall
have letters having a width not less than 2 inches (5 1 mm)
wide, except the letter "I," and the minimum spacing
between letters shall not be less than 0.375 inch (9.5 mm).
Signs larger than the minimum established in this section
shall have letter widths, strokes and spacing in proportion to
their height.

The word "EXIT" shall be in high contrast with the back-
ground and shall be clearly discernible when the means of
exit sign illumination is or is not energized. If a chevron
directional indicator is provided as part of the exit sign, the
construction shall be such that the direction of the chevron
directional indicator cannot be readily changed.

1011.5.2 Exit sign illumination. The face of an exit sign
illuminated from an external source shall have an intensity
of not less than 5 foot-candles (54 lux).

1011.5.3 Power source. Exit signs shall be illuminated at
all times. To ensure continued illumination for a duration of
not less than 90 minutes in case of primary power loss, the
sign illumination means shall be connected to an emergency
power system provided from storage batteries, unit equip-
ment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emer-
gency power system shall be in accordance with Section
2702 of the California Building Code.

Exception: Approved exit sign illumination means that
provide continuous illumination independent of external
power sources for a dui-ation of not less than 90 minutes,
in case of primary power loss, are not required to be con-
nected to an emergency electrical system.

1011.6 Floor-level exit signs. Where exit signs are required by
Chapter 10, additional approved low-level exit signs which are
internally or externally illuminated photoluminescent or

self-luminous, shall be provided in all interior corridors of
Group A occupancies, Group I occupancies and in all interior
rated exit corridors serving guestrooms of hotels in Group R,
Division I occupancies.

Exceptions:

1. Group A occupancies that are protected throughout
by an approved supervised fire sprinkler system.

2. Group I occupancies which are provided with smoke
barriers constructed in accordance with Section
407.4.

3. Group I, Division 3 occupancies.

The bottom of the sign shall not be less than 6 inches (152
mm) or more than 8 inches (203 mm) above thefioor level and
shall indicate the path of exit travel. For exit and exit-access
doors, the sign shall be on the door or adjacent to the door with
the closest edge of the sign or marker within 4 inches (102 mm)
of the doorframe.

Note: Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143,
this California amendment applies to all newly constructed
buildings or structures subject to this section for which a
building permit is issued (or construction commenced,
where no building permit is issued) on or after January 1,
1989.

[B] 1011.7 Path marking. When exit signs are required by
Chapter 10, in addition to approved floor-level exit signs,
approved path marking shall be installed at floor level or no
higher than 8 inches (203 mm) above thefioor level in all inte-
rior rated exit corridors of unsprinklered Group A occupan-
cies, and Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies. Such marking shall
be continuous except as interrupted by doorways, corridors or
other such architectural features in order to provide a visible
delineation along the path of travel.

Note: Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143,
the California amendments of this section shall apply to all
newly constructed buildings or structures subject to this
section for which a building permit is issued (or construc-
tion commenced, where no building permit is issued) on or
after January 1, 1989.

[BISECTION 1012
HANDRAILS

[DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this section,
means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, build-
ings or facilities where accessibility is required for applica-
tions listed in Title 24, Part 2, Section 109.1, regulated by the
Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance shall also
comply with Chapter llA or Chapter IIB, Section 1133B.4.1,
of the California Building Code, as applicable.

1012.1 Where required. Handrails for stairways and ramps
shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance
with Section 1607.7 of the California Building Code. Hand-
rails required for stairways by Section 1009.10 shall comply
with Sections 1012.2 thi-ough 1012.8. Handrails required for
ramps by Section 1010.8 shall comply with Sections 1012.2
through 1012.7.

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1012.2 Height. Handi-ail height, measured above stair tread
nosings, or finish surface of ramp slope shall be uniform, not
less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965
mm).

1012.3 Handrail graspability. Handrails with a circular
cross-section shall have an outside diameter of at least 1.25
inches (32 mm) and not greater than 2 inches (51 mm) or shall
provide equivalent graspability. If the handrail is not circular, it
shall have a perimeter dimension of at least 4 inches (102 mm)
and not greater than 6.25 inches (160 mm) with a maximum
cross-section dimension of 2.25 inches (57 mm). Edges- shall
have a minimum radius of 0.01 inch (0.25 mm).

1012.4 Continuity. Handrail-gripping surfaces shaU be con-
tinuous, without interruption by newel posts or other obstruc-
tions.

Exceptions:

1 . Handrails within dwelling units are permitted to be in-
terrupted by a newel post at a stair or ramp landing.

2. Within a dwelling unit, the use of a volute, turnout or
starting easing is allowed on the lowest tread.

3. Handrail brackets or balusters attached to the bottom
surface of the handrail that do not project horizontally
beyond the sides of the handrail within 1.5 inches (38
mm) of the bottom of the handrail shall not be consid-
ered obstructions. For each 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of ad-
ditional handrail perimeter dimension above 4 inches
(102 mm), the vertical clearance dimension of 1.5
inches (38 mm) shall be permitted to be reduced by
0.125 inch (3 mm).

1012.5 Handrail extensions. Handrails shall return to a wall,
guard or the walking surface or shall be continuous to the hand-
rail of an adjacent stak flight or ramp run. At stairways where
handrails are not continuous between flights, the handrails
shall extend horizontally at least 12 inches (305 mm) beyond
the top riser and continue to slope for the depth of one tread
beyond the bottom riser. At ramps where handrails are not con-
tinuous between runs, the handrail shall extend horizontally
above the landing 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the
top and bottom of ramp runs.

Exceptions:

1 . Handrails within a dweUing unit that is not required to
be accessible need extend only from the top riser to
the bottom riser.

2. Aisle handrails in Group A occupancies in accor-
dance with Section 1025.13.

1012.6 Clearance. Clear space between a handrail and a wall
or other surface shall be a minimum of 1.5 inches (38 mm). A
handrail and a wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail
shall be free of any sharp or abrasive elements.

1012.7 Projeetions. On ramps, the clear width between hand-
rails shall be 36 inches (914 mm) minimum. Projections into
the required width of stairways and ramps at each handrail shall
not exceed 4.5 inches (114 mm) at or below the handi-ail height.

Projections into the required width shall not be limited above
the minimum headroom height requhed in Section 1009.2.

Exception: In a Group 1-2 occupancy, on ramps and stair-
ways used for the movement of bed and litter patients, the
clear width between handrails shall be 44 inches {11 18 mm)
minimum.

1012.8 Intermediate handrails. Stairways shall have inter-
mediate handrails located in such a manner that all portions of
the stairway width required for egress capacity ai-e within 30
inches (762 mm) of a handrail. On monumental stairs, hand-
rails shall be located along the most direct path of egress travel.

[BISECTION 1013
GUARDS

1013.1 Where required. Guards shall be located along
open-sided walking surfaces, mezzanines, industrial equip-
ment platforms, stairways, ramps and landings that are located
more than 30 inches (762 nun) above the floor or grade below.
Guards shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accor-
dance with Section 1607.7 of the California Building Code.
Where glass is used to provide a guard or as a portion of the
guard system, the guai'd shall also comply with Section 2407 of
the California Building Code. Guards shall also be located
along glazed sides of stairways, ramps and landings that are
located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade
below where the glazing provided does not meet the strength
and attachment requirements in Section 1607.7 of the Califor-
nia Building Code.

Exception: Guards are not required for the following loca-
tions:

1. On the loading side of loading docks or piers.

2. On the audience side of stages and raised platforms,
including steps leading up to the stage and raised plat-
forms.

3. On raised stage and platform floor ai-eas, such as run-
ways, ramps and side stages used for entertainment or
presentations.

4. At vertical openings in the performance area of stages
and platforms.

5. At elevated walking surfaces appurtenant to stages
and platforms for access to and utilization of special
lighting or equipment.

6. Along vehicle service pits not accessible to the public.

7. In assembly seating where guards in accordance with
Section 1025.14 are permitted and provided.

1013.2 Height. Guai'ds shall form a protective banier not less
than 42 inches (1067 mm) high, measured vertically above the
leading edge of the ti-ead, adjacent walking surface or adjacent
seatboard.

Exceptions:

1. For occupancies in Group R-3, and within individual
dweUing units in occupancies in Group R-2, guards
whose top rail also serves as a handi^ail shall have a

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MEANS OF EGRESS

height not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more
than 38 inches (965 mm) measured vertically from the
leading edge of the stair tread nosing.

2. The height in assembly seating areas shall be in accor-
dance with Section 1025.14.

1013.3 Opening limitations. Open guards shall have balusters
or ornamental patterns such that a 4-inch-diameter (102 mm)
sphere cannot pass through any opening.

Exceptions:

1 . The triangular openings formed by the riser, tread and
bottom rail at the open side of a stairway shall be of a
maximum size such that a sphere of 6 inches (152
nnan) in diameter cannot pass through the opening.

2. At elevated walking surfaces for access to and use of
electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems or equip-
ment, guards shall have balusters or be of soUd mate-
rials such that a sphere with a diameter of 21 inches
(533 mm) cannot pass through any opening.

3. In areas that are not open to the public within occu-
pancies in Group 1-3, F, H or S, balusters, horizontal
intermediate rails or other construction shall not per-
mit a sphere with a diameter of 21 inches (533 mm) to
pass through any opening.

4. In assembly seating areas, guards at the end of aisles
where they terminate at a fascia of boxes, balconies
and galleries shall have balusters or ornamental pat-
terns such that a 4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere
cannot pass through any opening up to a height of 26
inches (660 mm). From a height of 26 inches (660
mm) to 42 inches (1067 mm) above the adjacent
walking surfaces, a sphere 8 inches (203 mm) in di-
ameter shall not pass.

5. Within individual dwelling units and sleeping units in
Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies, openings for re-
quired guards on the sides of stair treads shall not al-
low a sphere of 4.375 inches (111 mm) to pass
through.

1013.4 Screen porclies. Porches and decks which are enclosed
with insect screening shall be provided with guards where the
walking surface is located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above
the floor or grade below.

1013.5 Meclianical equipment. Guards shall be provided
where appliances, equipment, fans, roof hatch openings or
other components that require service are located within 10 feet
(3048 mm) of a roof edge or open side of a walking surface and
such edge or open side is located more than 30 inches (762 mm)
above the floor, roof or grade below. The guard shall be con-
structed so as to prevent the passage of a 2 1 -inch-diameter (533
mm) sphere. The guard shall extend not less than 30 inches
(762 mm) beyond each end of such appliance, equipment, fan
or component.

1013.6 Roof access. Guards shall be provided where the roof
hatch opening is located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a roof
edge or open side of a walking surface and such edge or open
side is located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor.

roof or grade below. The guard shall be constructed so as to pre-
vent the passage of a 21 -inch-diameter (533 mm) sphere.

[BISECTION 1014
EXIT ACCESS

1014.1 General. The exit access arrangement shall comply
with Sections 1014 through 1017 and the applicable provisions
of Sections 1003 through 1013.

1014.2 Egress througli intervening spaces. Egress through
intervening spaces shall comply with this section.

1 . Egress from a room or space shall not pass through ad-
joining or intervening rooms or areas, except where such
adjoining rooms or areas are accessory to the area served,
are not a high-hazard occupancy and provide a discern-
ible path of egress travel to an exit.

Exception: Means of egress are not prohibited
through adjoining or intervening rooms or spaces in a
Group H, S or F occupancy when the adjoining or
intervening rooms or spaces are the same or a lesser
hazard occupancy group.

2. Egress shall not pass through kitchens, storage rooms,
closets or spaces used for similar purposes.

Exceptions:

1. Means of egress are not prohibited through a
kitchen area serving adjoining rooms constitut-
ing part of the same dwelling unit or sleeping
unit.

2. Means of egress are not prohibited through
stockrooms in Group M occupancies when all
of the following are met:

2.1. The stock is of the same hazard classifi-
cation as that found in the main retail
area;

2.2. Not more than 50 percent of the exit
access is through the stockroom;

2.3. The stockroom is not subject to locking
from the egress side; and

2.4. There is a demarcated, minimum
44-inch- wide (1118 mm) aisle defined
by full or partial height fixed walls or
similar construction that will maintain
the required width and lead directly
from the retail area to the exit without
obstructions.

3. An exit access shall not pass thi'ough a room
that can be locked to prevent egress.

4. Means of egress from dwelling units or sleep-
ing areas shall not lead through other sleeping
areas, toilet rooms or bathrooms.

3. Exits shall not pass through any room subject to lock-
ing except in Group 1-3 occupancies classified as de-
tention facilities.

1014.2.1 Multiple tenants. Where more than one tenant
occupies any one floor of a building or structtire, each tenant

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space, dwelling unit and sleeping unit shall be provided with
access to the required exits without passing through adja-
cent tenant spaces, dwelling units and sleeping units.

Exception: Means of egress shall not be prohibited
through adjoining tenant space where such rooms or
spaces occupy less than 10 percent of the area of the ten-
ant space through which they pass; are the same or simi-
lar' occupancy group; a discernable path of egress travel
to an exit is provided; and the means of egress into the
adjoining space is not subject to locking from the egress
side. A required means of egress serving the larger tenant
space shall not pass tlirough the smaller tenant space or
spaces.

. 1014.2.2 Group 1-2. Habitable rooms or suites in Group 1-2
occupancies shall have an exit access door leading directly
to a corridor.

Exceptions:

1. Rooms with exit doors opening directly to the out-
side at ground level.

2. Patient sleeping rooms are permitted to have one
intervening room if the intervening room is not
used as an exit access for more than eight patient
beds.

3 . Special nursing suites are permitted to have one in-
tervening room where the arrangement allows for
direct and constant Visual supervision by nursing
personnel.

4. For rooms other than patient sleeping rooms lo-
cated within a suite, exit access travel from within
the suite shall be permitted through one interven-
ing room where the travel distance to the exit ac-
cess door is not greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm).

5. For rooms other than patient sleeping rooms lo-
cated within a suite, exit access travel fi'om within
the suite shall be permitted through two interven-
ing rooms where the travel distance to the exit ac-
cess door is not greater than 50 feet (15 240 mm).

Suites of sleeping rooms shall not exceed 5,000 square
feet (465 m^). Suites of rooms other than patient sleeping
rooms shall not exceed 10,000 square feet (929 m^). Any
patient sleeping room, or any suite that includes patient
sleeping rooms, of more than 1,000 square feet (93 m^) shall
have at least two exit access doors remotely located from
each other Any room or suite of rooms other than patient
sleeping rooms of more than 2,500 square feet (232 m^)
shall have at least two access doors remotely located from
each other. The travel distance between any point in a Group
1-2 occupancy and an exit access door in the room shall not
exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm). The travel distance between
any point in a suite of sleeping rooms and an exit access door
of that suite shall not exceed 100 feet (30 480 mm).

Each suite of rooms shall be separated from the remain-
der of the building by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier.

Egress for portions of the building outside the suite shall
not require passage through the suite.

1014.2.2.1 Basement exits. All rooms below grade shall
have not less than one exit access that leads directly to an
exterior exit door opening directly to an exit discharge at
grade plane or the public way.

1014.3 Common path of egress travel. In occupancies other
than Groups H-1, H-2 and H-3, the common path of egress
travel shall not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm) . In Group H- 1 , H-2
and H-3 occupancies, the common path of egress travel shall
not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm). For common path of egress
travel in Group A occupancies having fixed seating, see Sec-
tion 1025.8.

Exceptions:

1 . The length of a common p ath of egress travel in Group
B , F and S occupancies shall not be more than 1 00 feet
(30 480 mm), provided that the building is equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in-
stalled in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

2. Where a tenant space in Group B, S and U occupan-
cies has an occupant load of not more than 30, the
length of a common path of egress travel shall not be
more than 100 feet (30 480 mm).

3. The length of a common path of egress travel in a
Group 1-3 occupancy shall not be more than 100 feet
(30 480 mm).

4. The length of a common path of egress travel in a
Group R-2 occupancy shall not be more than 125 feet
(38 100 mm), provided that the building is protected
throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

1014.4 Aisles. Aisles serving as a portion of the exit access in
the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements
of this section. Aisles shall be provided from all occupied por-
tions of the exit access which contain seats, tables, furnishings,
displays and similar fixtures or equipment. Aisles serving
assembly areas, other than seating at tables, shall comply with
Section 1025. Aisles serving reviewing stands, grandstands
and bleachers shall also comply with Section 1025.

The required width of aisles shall be unobstructed.

Exception: Doors, when fully opened, and handrails shall
not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches (178
mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the required
width by more than one-half. Other nonstructural projec-
tions such as trim and similar decorative features are permit-
ted to prject into the required width 1.5 inches (38 mm) for
each side.

[DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this section,
means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, build-
ings or facilities where accessibility is required for applica-
tions listed in Title 24, Part 2, Section 109.1, regulated by the
Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance shall also
comply with Chapter 11 A or Chapter IIB, Section 1133B.6, of
the California Building Code, as applicable.

1014.4.1 Aisles in Groups B and M. In Group B and M
occupancies, the minimum clear aisle width shall be deter-

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159

MEANS OF EGRESS

mined by Section 1005.1 for the occupant load served, but
shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm).

Exception: Nonpublic aisles serving less than 50 people
and not required to be accessible by Chapter IIB (see
Sections 1103B.1 Exception 2 and 1123B.2 Exception)
of the California Building Code need not exceed 28
inches (711 mm) in width.

1014.4.2 Aisle accessways in Group M. An aisle
accessway shall be provided on at least one side of each ele-
ment within the merchandise pad. The minimum clear
width for an aisle accessway not required to be accessible
shall be 30 inches (762 mm). The required clear width of the
aisle accessway shall be measured perpendicular to the ele-
ments and merchandise within the merchandise pad. The
30-inch (762 mm) minimum clear width shall be maintained
to provide a path to an adjacent aisle or aisle accessway. The
common path of travel shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm)
from any point in the merchandise pad.

Exception: For areas serving not more than 50 occu-
pants, the common path of travel shall not exceed 75 feet
(22 880 mm).

1014.4.3 Seating at tables. Where seating- is located at a
table or counter and is adjacent to an aisle or aisle
accessway, the measurement of required clear width of the
aisle or aisle accessway shall be made to a line 19 inches
(483 nun) away from and parallel to the edge of the table or
counter. The 19-inch (483 mm) distance shall be measured
perpendicular to the side of the table or counter. In the case
of other side boundaries for aisle or aisle accessways, the
clear width shall be measured to walls, edges of seating and
tread edges, except that handrail projections are permitted.

Exception: Where tables or counters are served by fixed
seats, the width of the aisle accessway shall be measured
from the back of the seat.

1014.4.3.1 Aisle accessway for tables and seating.

Aisle accessways serving arrangements of seating at
tables or counters shall have sufficient clear width to con-
form to the capacity requirements of Section 1005.1 but
shall not have less than the appropriate minimum clear
width specified in Section 1014.4.3.2.

1014.4.3.2 Table and seating accessway width. Aisle
accessways shall provide a minimum of 12 inches (305
nam) of width plus 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of width for each
additional 1 foot (305 mm), or fraction thereof, beyond
12 feet (3658 mm) of aisle accessway length measured
from the center of the seat farthest from an aisle.

Exception: Portions of an aisle accessway having a
length not exceeding 6 feet (1829 mm) and used by a
total of not more than four persons.

1014.4.3.3 Table and seating aisle accessway length.

The length of travel along the aisle accessway shall not
exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) from any seat to the point
where a person has a choice of two or more paths of
egress travel to separate exits.

1014.5 Egress balconies. Balconies used for egress purposes
shall conform to the same requirements as corridors for width,
headroom, dead ends and projections.

1014.5.1 Wall separation. Exterior egress balconies shall
be separated from the interior of the building by walls and
opening protectives as required for corridors.

Exception: Separation is not required where the exterior
egress balcony is served by at least two stairs and a
dead-end travel condition does not require travel past an
unprotected opening to reach a stair.

1014.5.2 Openness. The long side of an egress balcony
shall be at least 50 percent open, and the open area above the
guards shall be so distributed as to minimize the accumula-
tion of smoke or toxic gases.

[BISECTION 1015
EXIT AND EXIT ACCESS DOORWAYS

1015.1 Exit or exit access doorways required. Two exits or
exit access doorways from any space shall be provided where
one of the following conditions exists:

1 . The occupant load of the space exceeds the values in Ta-
ble 1015.1.

2. The common path of egress travel exceeds the limita-
tions of Section 1014.3.

3. Where required by Sections 1015.3, 1015.4 and 1015.5.

Exception: Group 1-2 occupancies shall comply with
Section 1014.2.2.

TABLE 1015.1
SPACES WITH ONE MEANS OF EGRESS

OCCUPANCY

MAXIMUM OCCUPANT LOAD

A, B, E% F, M, U

H-l,H-2,H-3

H-4, H-5, 1-l, 1-3, 1-4, R

a. Day care maximum occupant load is 10.

1015.1.1 Three or more exits. Access to three or more exits
shall be provided from a floor area where required by Sec-
tion 1019.1.

1015.2 Exit or exit access doorway arrangement. Required
exits shall be located in a manner that makes their availability
obvious. Exits shall be unobstructed at all times. Exit and exit
access doorways shall be arranged in accordance with Sections
1015.2.1 and 1015.2.2.

1015.2.1 Two exits or exit access doorways. Where two
exits or exit access doorways are required from any portion
of the exit access, the exit doors or exit access doorways
shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than
one-half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served measured in a
straight line between exit doors or exit access doorways.

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2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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Interlocking or scissor stairs shall be counted as one exit
stairway.

Exceptions:

1. Where exit enclosures are provided as a portion of
the required exit and are interconnected by a
1-hour fire-resistance-rated corridor conforming
to the requirements of Section 1017, the required
exit separation shall be measured along the short-
est direct line of travel within the corridor.

2. Where a building is equipped thi'oughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, die separation dis-
tance of the exit doors or exit access doorways
shall not be less than one-third of the length of the
maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area
served.

1015.2.2 Three or more exits or exit access doorways.

Where access to three or more exits is required, at least two
exit doors or exit access doorways shall be aixanged in
accordance with the provisions of Section 1015.2.1.

1015.3 Boiler, incinerator and furnace rooms. Two exit
access dooiivays are required in boiler, incinerator and furnace
rooms where the area is over 500 square feet (46 m^) and any
fuel-fired equipment exceeds 400,000 British thermal units
(Btu) (422 000 KJ) input capacity. Where two exit access door-
ways are required, one is permitted to be a fixed ladder or an
alternating tread device. Exit access doorways shall be sepa-
rated by a horizontal distance equal to one-half the length of the
maximum overall diagonal dimension of the room.

1015.4 Refrigeration machinery rooms. Machinery rooms
larger than 1,000 square feet (93 m^) shall have not less than
two exits or exit access doors. Where two exit access doorways
are required, one such doorway is permitted to be served by a
fixed ladder or an alternating tread device. Exit access door-
ways shall be separated by a horizontal distance equal to
one-half the maximum horizontal dimension of room.

All portions of machineiy rooms shall be within 150 feet (45
720 mm) of an exit or exit access doorway. An increase in travel
distance is permitted in accordance with Section 1016.1.

Doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel, regardless
of the occupant load served. Doors shall be tight fitting and
self-closing.

1015.5 Refrigerated rooms or spaces. Rooms or spaces hav-
ing a floor area of 1,000 square feet (93 m^) or more, containing
a refrigerant evaporator and maintained at a temperature below
68°F (20°C), shall have access to not less than two exits or exit
access doors.

Travel distance shall be determined as specified in Section
1016.1, but all portions of a refrigerated room or space shall be
within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of an exit or exit access door
where such rooms are not protected by an approved automatic
sprinkler system. Egress is allowed thi-ough adjoining refriger-
ated rooms or spaces.

Exception: Where using refrigerants in quantities limited
to the amounts based on the volume set forth in the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code.

1015.6 Stage means of egress. Where two means of egress are
required, based on the stage size or occupant load, one means
of egress shall be provided on each side of the stage.

1015.6.1 Gallery, gridiron and catwalk means of egress.

The means of egress from lighting and access catwalks, gal-
leries and gridirons shall meet the requirements for occu-
pancies in Group F-2.

Exceptions:

1. A minimum width of 22 inches (559 mm) is per-
mitted for lighting and access catwalks.

2. Spiral stairs are permitted in the means of egress.

3. Stairways required by this subsection need not be
enclosed.

4. Stairways with aminimum width of 22 inches (559
mm), ladders, or spiral stairs are permitted in the
means of egress.

5. A second means of egress is not required from
these areas where a means of escape to a floor or to
a roof is provided. Ladders, alternating tread de-
vices or spiral stairs are permitted in the means of
escape.

6. Ladders are permitted in the means of egress.

[B] 1015.7 General. Eveij story or basement of a large-family
day-care home shall be provided with two exits which are
remotely located from each other. Every required exit shall be
of a size to permit the installation of a door not less than 32
inches (813 mm) in clear width and not less than 6 feet 8 inches
(2,032 mm) in height. A manually operated horizontal sliding
door may be used as one of the two required exits.

Where basements are used for day-care purposes, one of the
two required exits shall provide access directly to the exterior
without entering the first story. The second exit from the base-
ment may either pass through the story above or exit directly to
the exterior

Rooms used for day-care purposes shall not be located
above the first story.

Exception: Buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler
system throughout and which have at least one of the
required exits providing access directly to the exterior
NFPA 13R may be used in large-family day-care homes. The
sprinkler omissions of NFPA 13R shall not apply unless
approved by the enforcing agency.

Exit doors, including manually operated horizontal sliding
doors, shall be openablefrom the inside without use of a key or
any special knowledge or effort.

Tables 1019.1 and 1019.2 are not applicable to this occu-
pancy classification.

[B] SECTION 1016
EXIT ACCESS TRAVEL DISTANCE

1016.1 Travel distance limitations. Exits shall be so located
on each story such that the maximum length of exit access
travel, measured from the most remote point within a story to
the entrance to an exit along the natural and unobstructed path

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161

MEANS OF EGRESS

of egress travel, shall not exceed the distances given in Table
1016.1.

Where the path of exit access includes unenclosed stairways
or ramps within the exit access or includes unenclosed exit
ramps or stairways as permitted in Section 1 020. 1 , the distance
of travel on such means of egress components shall also be
included in the travel distance measurement. The measurement
along stairways shall be made on a plane parallel and tangent to
the stair tread nosings in the center of the stairway.

Exceptions:

1. Travel distance in open parking garages is permitted
to be measured to the closest riser of open stairs.

2. In outdoor faciUties with open exit access compo-
nents and open exterior stairs or ramps , travel distance
is permitted to be measured to the closest riser of a
stair or the closest slope of the ramp.

3. Where an exit stair is permitted to be unenclosed in
accordance with Exception 8 or 9 of Section 1020.1,
the travel distance shall be measured from the most re-
mote point within a building to an exit discharge.

1016.2 Roof vent increase. In buildings that are one story in
height, equipped with automatic heat and smoke roof vents
complying with Section 910 and equipped throughout with
an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1, the maximum exit access travel distance shall be
400 feet (122 m) for occupancies in Group F-1 or S-1.

1016.3 Exterior egress balcony increase. Travel distances
specified in Section 1016.1 shall be increased up to an additional
100 feet (30 480 mm) provided the last portion of the exit access
leading to the exit occurs on an exterior egress balcony con-
structed in accordance with Section 1014.5. The length of such
balcony shall not be less than the amount of the increase taken.

[BISECTION 1017
CORRIDORS

1017.1 Construction. Corridors shall be fire-resistance rated
in accordance with Table 1017.1. The corridor walls required

TABLE 1016.1
EXIT ACCESS TRAVEL DISTANCE^

OCCUPANCY

WITHOUT SPRINKLER

SYSTEM

(feet)

WITH SPRINKLER

SYSTEM

(feet)

A,E,F-1,I-1,M,R,S-1

200

250''

200

300=

F-2, S-2, U

300

400=

H-1

Not Permitted

75=

H-2

Not Permitted

100=

H-3

Not Permitted

150=

H-4

Not Permitted

175=

H-5

Not Permitted

200=

1-2, 1-3", 1-4

150

200=

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. See the following sections for modifications to exit access travel distance
requirements:

Section 402: For the distance limitation in malls.

Section 404: For the distance limitation through an atrium space.

Section 1016.2 For increased limitations in Groups F-1 and S-1.

Section 1025.7: For increased limitation in assembly seating.

Section 1025.7: For increased limitation for assembly open-air seating.

Section 1019.2: For buildings with one exit.

Chapter 31 :For the limitation in temporary structures.

b. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3. 1 . 1 or 903.3. 1.2. See Section 903 for occupancies
where automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with Section 903.3. 1 .2 are
permitted.

c. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1.

d. Not permitted in nonsprinklered Group 1-2 and Group 1-3 occupancies.

to be fire-resistance rated shall comply with Section 708 of the
California Building Code for fire partitions.

Exceptions:

1 . A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in
an occupancy in Group E where each room that is
used for instruction has at least one door directly to
the exterior and rooms for assembly purposes have at

[B] TABLE 1017.1
CORRIDOR FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING

OCCUPANCY

OCCUPANT LOAD SERVED BY CORRIDOR

REQUIRED FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

Without sprinkler system

With sprinkler system"

H-1, H-2, H-3, L

All

Not Permitted

H-4, H-5

Greater than 30

Not Permitted

A", B, F, M, S, U

Greater than 30

Greater than 10

Not Pemiitted

I-2M-2. 1,1-4

Greater than 6

Not Permitted

1-1,1-3

Greater than 6

Not Permitted

Greater than 10

a. For requirements for occupancies in Group 1-2, see Section 407.3 of the California Building Code.

b. For a reduction in the foe-resistance rating for occupancies in Group 1-3, see Section 408.7 of the California Building Code.

c. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 where alloved.

d. See Section 1025.

162

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

least one-half of the required means of egress doors
opening directly to the exterior. Exterior doors speci-
fied in this exception are required to be at ground
level.

2. A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors
contained within a dwelling or sleeping unit in an oc-
cupancy in Group R.

3 . A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in
open pai'king garages.

4. A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in
an occupancy in Group B which is a space requiring
only a single means of egress complying with Section
1015.1.

1017.2 Corridor width. The minimum corridor width shall be
as determined in Section 1005.1, but not less than 44 inches
(1118 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Twenty-four inches (610 mm)-For access to and utili-
zation of electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems
or equipment.

2. Thirty-six inches (914 mm)-With a required occu-
pant capacity of less than 50.

3. Thirty-six inches (914 mm)-Within a dwelling unit.

4. Seventy-two inches (1829 mm)-In Group E with a
corridor having a required capacity of 100 or more.

5. Seventy-two inches (1829 mm)-In corridors serving
surgical Group I, health care centers for ambulatory
patients receiving outpatient medical care, which
causes the patient to be not capable of self-preserva-
tion.

6. Ninety-six inches (2438 mm)-In Group 1-2 in areas
where required for bed movement.

7. Corridors serving any area caring for one or more
nonambulatory persons shall not be less than 8 feet
(2438 mm) in width.

1017.3 Dead ends. Where more than one exit or exit access
doorway is required, the exit access shall be arranged such that
there are no dead ends in corridors more than 20 feet (6096
mm) in length.

Exceptions:

1 . In occupancies in Group 1-3 of Occupancy Condition
2, 3 or 4 (see Section 202), the dead end in a corridor
shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm).

2. In occupancies in Groups B and F where the building
is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the
length of dead-end conidors shall not exceed 50 feet
(15 240 mm).

3. A dead-end corridor shall not be limited in length
where the length of the dead-end corridor is less than
2.5 times the least width of the dead-end corridor.

1017.4 Air movement in corridors. Coixidors shall not serve
as supply, return, exhaust, relief or ventilation air ducts when

required to be fire-resistive rated in accordance with Table
1017.1.

Exceptions:

1 . Use of a corridor as a source of makeup air for exhaust
systems in small rooms of 30 square feet or less that
open directly onto such corridors, including toilet
rooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms, and janitor clos-
ets, shall be permitted, provided that each such corri-
dor is directly supplied with outdoor ak at a rate
greater than die rate of makeup air taken from the
corridor.

2. Where located within a dwelling unit, the use of corri-
dors for conveying return air shall not be prohibited.

3. Where located within tenant spaces of 1,000 square
feet (93 m^) or less in area, utilization of corridors for
conveying return air is permitted.

4. For health care facilities under the jurisdiction of the
Office of Statewide Health Planning and Develop-
ment (OSHPD), see the California Mechanical Code.

1017.4.1 Corridor ceiling. Use of the space between the
conidor ceihng and the floor or roof structure above as a
return air plenum is permitted for one or more of the follow-
ing conditions:

1. The corridor is not required to be of fire-resis-
tance-rated construction;

2. The corridor is separated from the plenum by fire-re-
sistance-rated construction;

3. The air-handling system serving the corridor is shut
down upon activation of the air-handling unit smoke
detectors required by the California Mechanical
Code.

4. The aii'-handling system serving the corridor is shut
down upon detection of sprinkler waterflow where
the building is equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system; or

5. The space between the corridor ceiling and the floor
or roof sti^ucture above the corridor is used as a com-
ponent of an approved engineered smoke control
system.

1017.5 Corridor continuity. Fire-resistance-rated corridors
shall be continuous from the point of entiy to an exit, and shall
not be interrupted by intervening rooms.

Exception:

1. Foyers, lobbies or reception rooms constructed as re-
quired for conidors shall not be construed as inter-
vening rooms.

2. In fully sprinklered office buildings, corridors may
lead through enclosed elevator lobbies if all areas of
the building have access to at least one required exit
without passing through the elevator lobby.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

163

MEANS OF EGRESS

[BISECTION 1018
EXITS

1018.1 General. Exits shall comply with SectionslOlS
through 1023 and the applicable requirements of Section 1003
through 1013. An exit shall not be used for any purpose that
interferes with its function as a means of egress. Once a given
level of exit protection is achieved, such level of protection
shall not be reduced until arrival at the exit discharge.

1018.2 Exterior exit doors. Buildings or structures used for
human occupancy shall have at least one exterior door that
meets the requirements of Section 1008.1.1.

1018.2.1 Detailed requirements. Exterior exit doors shall
comply with the applicable requirements of Section 1 008 . 1 .

1018.2.2 Arrangement. Exterior exit doors shall lead
directly to the exit discharge or the public way.

[BISECTION 1019
NUMBER OF EXITS AND CONTINUITY

1019.1 Minimum number of exits. All rooms and spaces
within each story shall be provided with and have access to the
minimum number of approved independent exits required by
Table 1019.1 based on the occupant load of the story, except as
modified in Section 1015.1 or 1019.2. For the purposes of this
chapter, occupied roofs shall be provided with exits as required
for stories. The required number of exits from any story, base-
ment or individual space shall be maintained until arrival at
grade or the public way.

TABLE 1019.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXITS FOR OCCUPANT LOAD

OCCUPANT LOAD
(persons per story)

MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXITS
(per story)

1-500

501-1,000

More than 1,000

1019.1.1 Parldng structures. Parking structures shall not
have less than two exits from each parking tier, except that
only one exit is required where vehicles are mechanically
parked. Vehicle ramps shall not be considered as required
exits unless pedestrian facilities are provided.

1019.1.2 Helistops. The means of egress from helistops
shall comply with the provisions of this chapter, provided
that landing areas located on buildings or structures shall
have two or more exits. For landing platforms or roof areas
less than 60 feet (18 288 mm) long, or less than 2,000
square feet (186 m^) in area, the second means of egress is
permitted to be a fire escape or ladder leading to the floor
below.

1019.2 Buildings witii one exit. Only one exit shall be
required in buildings as described below:

1. Buildings described in Table 1019.2, provided that the
building has not more than one level below the first story
above grade plane.

2. Buildings of Group R-3 occupancy.

3. Single-level buildings with the occupied space at the
level of exit discharge provided that the story or space
complies with Section 1015. 1 as a space with one means
of egress.

TABLE 1019.2
BUILDINGS WITH ONE EXIT

OCCUPANCY

MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF

BUILDING ABOVE

GRADE PLANE

MAXIMUM OCCUPANTS

(OR DWELLING UNITS)

PER FLOOR AND

TRAVEL DISTANCE

A, B", E^ F, M, U

1 Story

49 occupants and 75 feet
travel distance

H-2, H-3

1 Story

3 occupants and 25
feet travel distance

H-4, H-5, 1, R

1 Story

10 occupants and 75 feet
travel distance

1-2

1 Story

8 occupants and 50 feet
travel distance

1 Story

29 occupants and 100
feet travel distance

B^ F, M, S"

2 Stories

30 occupants and 75 feet
travel distance

R-2

2 Stories'^

4 dwelling units and 50
feet travel distance

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. For the required number of exits for parking structures, see Section 1019.1.1.

b. For the required number of exits for air traffic control towers, see Section
412.1 of the California Building Code.

c. Buildings classified as Group R-2 equipped tliroughout with an automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3. 1 . 1 or 903.3. 1 .2 and pro-
vided with emergency escape and rescue openings in accordance with Sec-
tion 1026 shall have a maximum height of three stories above grade plane.

d. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1 with an occupancy in Group B shall have a
maximum travel distance of 100 feet.

e. Day care maximum occupant load is 10.

1019.3 Exit continuity. Exits shall be continuous from the
point of entry into the exit to the exit discharge.

1019.4 Exit door arrangement. Exit door arrangement shall
meet the requirements of Sections 1015.2 through 1015.2.2.

[BISECTION 1020
VERTICAL EXIT ENCLOSURES

1020.1 Enclosures required. Interior exit stairways and inte-
rior exit ramps shall be enclosed with fire barriers constructed
in accordance with Section 706 of the California Building
Code or horizontal assembhes constructed in accordance with
Section 711 of the California Building Code, or both. Exit
enclosures shall have a fii-e-resistance rating of not less than 2
hours where connecting four stories or more and not less than 1
hour where connecting less than four stories. The number of
stories connected by the exit enclosure shall include any base-
ments but not any mezzanines. An exit enclosure shall not be
used for any purpose other than means of egress.

Exceptions:

1 . In all occupancies, other than Group H and I occupan-
cies, a stairway is not required to be enclosed when

164

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

the stairway serves an occupant load of less than 10
and the stairway complies with either Item 1 . 1 or 1 .2.
In all cases, the maximum number of connecting open
stories shall not exceed two.

1.1. The stairway is open to not more than one
story above the story at the level of exit dis-
chai"ge, or

1.2. The stairway is open to not more than one
story below the story at the level of exit dis-
charge.

2. Exits in buildings of Group A-5 where all portions of
the means of egress ai^e essentially open to the outside
need not be enclosed.

^ 3. Stairways serving and contained within a single resi-
dential dwelling unit or sleeping unit in Group R-1,
R-2 or R-3 occupancies are not required to be
enclosed.

4. Stairways that are not a required means of egress ele-
ment ai-e not required to be enclosed where such stair-
ways comply with Section 707.2 of the California
Building Code.

5. Stairways in open parking sti-uctures that serve only
the parking sti-ucture are not required to be enclosed.

6. Stairways in Group 1-3 occupancies, as provided for
in Section 408.3.6 of the California Building Code,
are not required to be enclosed.

7. Means of egress stairways as requured by Section
410.5.3 of the California Building Code are not re-
quired to be enclosed.

8. In other than Group H and I occupancies, a maximum
of 50 percent of egress staii'ways serving one adjacent
floor are not required to be enclosed, provided at least
two means of egress are provided from both floors
served by the unenclosed stairways. Any two such in-
terconnected floors shall not be open to other floors.
Unenclosed exit stairways shall be remotely located
as requu'ed in Section 1015.2.

9. In other than Group H and I occupancies, interior
egress stairways serving only the first and second sto-
ries of a building equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903 .3 . 1 . 1 ai-e not requked to be enclosed, provided at
least two means of egress ai'e provided from both
floors served by the unenclosed stairways. Such inter-
connected stories shall not be open to other stories.
Unenclosed exit stairways shall be remotely located
as required in Section 1015.2.

1020.1.1 Openings and penetrations. Exit enclosure
opening protectives shall be in accordance with the require-
ments of Section 715 of the California Building Code.

Except as permitted in Section 402.4.6 of the California
Building Code, openings in exit enclosures other than
unprotected exterior openings shall be limited to those nec-
essary for exit access to the enclosure from normally occu-
pied spaces and for egress from the enclosure.

Where interior exit enclosures are extended to the exte-
rior of a building by an exit passageway, the door assembly
from the exit enclosure to the exit passageway shall be pro-
tected by a fire door assembly conforming to the require-
ments in Section 715.4 of the California Building Code.
Fire door assemblies in exit enclosures shall comply with
Section 715.4.4 of the California Building Code.

Elevators shall not open into an exit enclosure.

1020.1.2 Penetrations. Penetrations into and openings
through an exit enclosure ai-e prohibited except for required
exit doors, equipment and ductwork necessary for inde-
pendent pressurization, sprinkler piping, standpipes, elec-
trical raceway for fire department communication systems
and electrical raceway serving the exit enclosure and termi-
nating at a steel box not exceeding 16 square inches (0.010
m^). Such penetrations shall be protected in accordance with
Section712 of the California Building Code. There shall be
no penetrations or communication openings, whether
protected or not, between adjacent exit enclosures.

1020.1.3 Ventilation. Equipment and ductwork for exit
enclosure ventilation as permitted by Section 1020.1.2 shall
comply with one of the following items:

1. Such equipment and ductwork shall be located exte-
rior to tlie building and shall be directly connected to
the exit enclosure by ductwork enclosed in construc-
tion as required for shafts.

2. Where such equipment and ductwork is located
within the exit enclosure, the intake air shall be taken
directly from the outdoors and the exhaust air shall be
discharged directly to the outdoors, or such air shall
be conveyed through ducts enclosed in construction
as required for shafts.

3. Where located within the building, such equipment
and ductwork shall be separated from the remainder
of the building, including other mechanical equip-
ment, with consti^uction as required for shafts.

In each case, openings into the fire-resistance-rated con-
struction shall be limited to those needed for maintenance
and operation and shall be protected by opening protectives
in accordance with Section 715 of the California Building
Code for shaft enclosures.

Exit enclosure ventilation systems shall be independent
of other building ventilation systems.

1020.1.4 Exit enclosure exterior walls. Exterior walls of
an exit enclosure shall comply with the requirements of Sec-
tion 704 of the California Building Code for exterior walls.
Where nom'ated walls or unprotected openings enclose the
exterior of the stairway and the walls or openings are
exposed by other parts of the building at an angle of less than
180 degrees (3.14 rad), the building exterior walls within 10
feet (3048 mm) horizontally of a nonrated wall or unpro-
tected opening shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less
than 1 hour. Openings within such exterior walls shaU be
protected by opening protectives having a fke protection
rating of not less than V4hour. This consttucdon shall extend
vertically from the ground to a point 10 feet (3048 mm)

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

165.

MEANS OF EGRESS

above the topmost landing of the stakway or to the roof line,
whichever is lower.

1020.1.5 Discharge identification barrier. A stairway in
an exit enclosure shall not continue below the level of exit
discharge unless an approved barrier is provided at the level
of exit discharge to prevent persons from unintentionally
continuing into levels below. Directional exit signs shall be
provided as specified in Section 101 1.

1020.1.6 Stairway floor number signs. A sign shall be
provided at each floor landing in interior exit enclosures
connecting more than three stories designating the floor
level, the terminus of the top and bottom of the stair enclo-
sure and the identification of the stair. The signage shall also
state the story of, and the direction to the exit discharge and
the availability of roof access from the stairway for the fire
department. The sign shall be located 5 feet (1524 mm)
above the floor landing in a position that is readily visible
when the doors are in the open and closed positions.

[B] 1020.1.6.1 Sign details. The provisions of this sec-
tion shall apply to signs required by Section 1020.1.6.

[B] 1020.1.6.1.1 Size. Signs shall be a minimum 12
inches (305mm) by 12 inches (305mm).

[B] 1020.1.6.1.2 Stairway location. The stairway
location, such as STAIR NO. 1 or WEST STAIR,
shall be placed at the top of the sign in 1 -inch-high
(25.4 mm) block lettering with 'A-inch (6.4 mm)
strokes.

[B] 1020.1.6.1.3 Upper terminus. The stairway's
upper terminus, such as ROOF ACCESS or NO
ROOF ACCESS, shall be placed under the stairway
identification in 1-inch-high (25.4 mm) block letter-
ing with 'A-inch (6.4 mm) strokes.

[B] 1020.1.6.1.4 Floor level numbering. The floor
level number shall be placed in the middle of the sign
in 5-inch-high (127 mm) lettering with V4-inch (19
mm) strokes. The mezzanine levels shall have the let-
ter "M" preceding the floor level. Basement levels
shall have the letter "B" preceding the floor number

[B] 1020.1.6.1.5 Lower terminus. The lower and
upper terminus of the stairway shall be placed at the
bottom of the sign in 1-inch-high (25.4 mm) block let-
tering with 'A-inch (6.4 mm) strokes.

[B] 1020.1.6.2 Tactile floor designation signs in stair-
ways. When accessibility is required, tactile floor desig-
nation signs that comply with Section 1117B.5.1 Item 1
of the California Building Code shall be located at the
landing of each floor level, placed adjacent to the door
on the latch side, in all enclosed stairways in buildings
two or more stories in height to identify the floor level. At
the exit discharge level, the sign shall include a raised
five-pointed star located to the left of the identifying floor
level. The outside diameter of the star shall be the same
as the height of the raised characters.

1020.1.7 Smokeproof enclosures. In buildings required to
comply with Section 403 or 405 of the California Building
Code, each of the exit enclosures shall be a smokeproof

enclosure or pressurized stairway in accordance with Sec-
tion 909.20 of the California Building Code.

1020.1.7.1 Enclosure exit. A smokeproof enclosure or
pressurized stairway shall exit into a public way or into
an exit passageway, yard or open space having direct
access to a public way. The exit passageway shall be
without other openings and shall be separated from the
remainder of the building by 2-hour fire-resistance-rated
construction.

Exceptions:

1. Openings in the exit passageway serving a
smokeproof enclosure are permitted where the
exit passageway is protected and pressurized in
the same manner as the smokeproof enclosure,
and openings are protected as required for ac-
cess from other floors.

2. A smokeproof enclosure or pressurized stair-
way shall be permitted to egress through areas
on the level of discharge or vestibules as permit-
ted by Section 1024.

1020.1.7.2 Enclosure access. Access to the stairway
within a smokeproof enclosure shall be by way of a vesti-
bule or an open exterior balcony.

[BISECTION 1021
EXIT PASSAGEWAYS

1021.1 Exit passageway. Exit passageways serving as an exit
component in a means of egress system shall comply with the
requirements of this section. An exit passageway shall not be
used for any purpose other than as a means of egress.

1021.2 Width. The width of exit passageways shall be deter-
mined as specified in Section 1005.1 but such width shall not
be less than 44 inches (1118 nmi), except that exit passageways
serving an occupant load of less than 50 shall not be less than
36 inches (914 mm) in width.

The required width of exit passageways shall be unob-
structed.

Exception: Doors, when fully opened, and handrails, shall
not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches (178
mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the required
width by more than one-half. Other nonsti-uctural projec-
tions such as trim and similar decorative features are permit-
ted to project into the requhed width 1 .5 inches (38 mm) on
each side.

The clear width of exit passageways in a Group 1-2 occu-
pancy used for the movement of beds and litters shall be 44
inches (1118 mm) minimum.

1021.3 Construction. Exit passageway enclosures shall have
walls, floors and ceihngs of not less than 1-hour fire-resistance
rating, and not less than that required for any connecting exit
enclosure. Exit passageways shall be consti-ucted as fire barri-
ers in accordance with Section 706 of the California Building
Code.

166

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

1021.4 Openings and penetrations. Exit passageway opening
protectives shiall be in accordance with the requirements of
Section 715 of the California Building Code.

Except as permitted in Section 402.4.6 of the California
Building Code, openings in exit passageways other than unex-
posed exterior openings shall be limited to those necessary for
exit access to the exit passageway from normally occupied
spaces and for egress from the exit passageway.

Where interior exit enclosures are extended to the exterior of
a building by an exit passageway, the door assembly from the
exit enclosure to the exit passageway shall be protected by a fire
door conforming to the requirements in Section 715.4 of the
California Building Code. Fire door assemblies in exit pas-
sageways shall comply with Section 715.4.4 of the California
Building Code.

Elevators shall not open into an exit passageway.

1021.5 Penetrations. Penettations into and openings through
an exit passageway are prohibited except for required exit
doors, equipment and ductwork necessary for independent
pressurization, sprinkler piping, standpipes, electrical raceway
for fire department communication and electrical raceway
serving the exit passageway and terminating at. a steel box not
exceeding 16 square inches (0.010 m^). Such penetrations shall
be protected in accordance with Section 712 of the California
Building Code. There shall be no penetrations or communicat-
ing openings, whether protected or not, between adjacent exit

) passageways.

[BISECTION 1022
HORIZONTAL EXITS

1022.1 Horizontal exits. Horizontal exits serving as an exit in
a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of
this section. A horizontal exit shall not serve as the only exit
from a portion of a building, and where two or more exits are
required, not more than one-half of the total number of exits or
total exit width shall be horizontal exits.

Exceptions:

1 . Horizontal exits ai^e permitted to comprise two-thirds
of the requiiBd exits from any building or floor area
for occupancies in Group 1-2.

2. Horizontal exits ai'e permitted to comprise 100 per-
cent of the exits required for occupancies in Group
1-3 . At least 6 square feet (0.6 m^) of accessible space
per occupant shall be provided on each side of the hor-
izontal exit for the total number of people in adjoining
compaitments.

Every fke compartment for which credit is allowed in con-
nection with a horizontal exit shall not be required to have a
stairway or door leading directly outside, provided the adjoin-
ing fire compaitments have stairways or doors leading directly
outside and are so arranged that egress shall not require the
occupants to return through the compartment from which
egress originates.

The area into which a horizontal exit leads shall be provided
with exits adequate to meet the occupant requirements of this
chapter, but not including the added occupant capacity

imposed by persons entering it through horizontal exits from
another ai^ea. At least one of its exits shall lead directly to the
exterior or to an exit enclosure.

1022.2 Separation. The separation between buildings or ref-
uge areas connected by a horizontal exit shall be provided by a
fire wall complying with Section 705 of the California Build-
ing Code or a fire barrier complying with Section 706 of the
California Building Code and having a fire-resistance rating of
not less than 2 hours. Opening protectives in horizontal exit
walls shall also comply with Section 715 of the California
Building Code. The horizontal exit sepai'ation shall extend ver-
tically thi'ough all levels of the building unless floor assemblies
have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours with no
unprotected openings.

Exception: A fire-resistance rating is not required at hori-
zontal exits between a building area and an above-grade
pedestrian walkway constructed in accordance with Section
3 1 04 of the California Building Code, provided that the dis-
tance between connected buildings is more than 20 feet
(6096 mm).

Horizontal exit walls constructed as fire baixiers shall be
continuous firom exterior wall to exterior wall so as to divide
completely the floor served by the horizontal exit.

1022.3 Opening protectives. Fire doors in horizontal exits
shall be self-closing or automatic-closing when activated by a
smoke detector in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3 of the
California Building Code. Doors, where located in a cross-cor-
ridor condition, shall be automatic-closing by activation of a
smoke detector installed in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3
of the California Building Code.

1022.4 Capacity of refuge area. The refuge area of a horizon-
tal exit shall be a space occupied by the same tenant or a public
area and each such refuge area shall be adequate to accommo-
date the original occupant load of the refuge areaplus the occu-
pant load anticipated from the adjoining compartment. The
anticipated occupant load from the adjoining compartment
shall be based on the capacity of the horizontal exit doors enter-
ing the refuge area. The capacity of the refuge area shall be
computed based on a net floor area allowance of 3 square feet
(0.2787 m^) for each occupant to be accommodated therein.

Exception: The net floor area allowable per occupant shall
be as follows for the indicated occupancies:

1 . Six squai-e feet (0.6 m^) per occupant for occupancies
in Group 1-3.

2. Fifteen square feet (1 .4 m^) per occupant for ambula-
tory occupancies in Group 1-2.

3. Thirty square feet (2.8 m^) per occupant for
nonambulatory occupancies in Group 1-2.

[B] 1022.5 Ducts and air transfer openings. Ducts and air
transfer openings through fire walls or fire barriers, forming a
horizontal exit, shall be designed and protected in accordance
with Section 716 of the California Building Code in order to
afi^ord safety from both fire and smoke in the refuge area. All
ducts and air transfer openings shall be protected by listed
combination fire/smoke dampers.

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[BISECTION 1023
EXTERIOR EXIT RAMPS AND STAIRWAYS

1023.1 Exterior exit ramps and stairways. Exterior exit
ramps and stairways serving as an element of a required means
of egress shall comply with this section.

Exception: Exterior exit ramps and stairways for outdoor
stadiums complying with Section 1020.1, Exception 2.

1023.2 Use in a means of egress. Exterior exit ramps and stair-
ways shall not be used as an element of a required means of
egress for Group 1-2 occupancies. For occupancies in other
than Group 1-2, exterior exit ramps and stairways shall be per-
mitted as an element of a required means of egress for buildings
not exceeding six stories above grade plane or buildings
defined as a high-rise.

1023.3 Open side. Exterior exit ramps and stairways serving as
an element of a required means of egress shall be open on at
least one side. An open side shall have a minimum of 35 square
feet (3.3 m^) of aggregate open area adjacent to each floor level
and the level of each intermediate landing. The required open
area shall be located not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) above
the adjacent floor or landing level.

1023.4 Side yards. The open areas adjoining exterior exit
ramps or stairways shall be either yards, courts or public ways;
the remaining sides are permitted to be enclosed by the exterior
walls of the building.

1023.5 Location. Exterior exit ramps and stairways shall be
located in accordance with Section 1024.3.

1023.6 Exterior ramps and stairway protection. Exterior
exit ramps and stairways shall be separated from the interior of
the building as required in Section 1020.1. Openings shall be
limited to those necessary for egress from normally occupied
spaces.

Exceptions:

1 . Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired for occupancies, other than those in Group R- 1
or R-2, in buildings that are no more than two stories
above grade plane where the level of exit discharge is
the first story above grade plane.

2. Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired where the exterior ramp or stairway is served
by an exterior ramp and/or balcony that connects two
remote exterior stairways or other approved exits with
a perimeter that is not less than 50 percent open. To be
considered open, the opening shall be a minimum of
50 percent of the height of the enclosing wall, with the
top of the openings no less than 7 feet (2134 mm)
above the top of the balcony.

3. Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired for an exterior ramp or stairway located in a
building or structure that is permitted to have unen-
closed interior stairways in accordance with Section
1020.1.

4. Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired for exterior ramps or stairways connected to
open-ended corridors, provided that Items 4.1
thi'ough 4.4 are met:

4.1. The building, including corridors and ramps
and/or stairs, shall be equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

4.2. The open-ended corridors comply with Sec-
tion 1017.

4.3. The open-ended coixidors are connected on
each end to an exterior exit ramp or stairway
complying with Section 1023.

4.4. At any location in an open-ended corridor
where a change of direction exceeding 45 de-
grees (0.79 rad) occurs, a clear opening of not
less than 35 square feet (3.3 m^) or an exterior
ramp or stairway shall be provided. Where
clear openings are provided, they shall be lo-
cated so as to minimize the accumulation of
smoke or toxic gases.

[BISECTION 1024
EXIT DISCHARGE

1024.1 General. Exits shall discharge directly to the exterior of
the building. The exit discharge shall be at grade or shall pro-
vide direct access to grade. The exit discharge shall not reenter
a building.

Exceptions:

1 . A maximum of 50 percent of the number and capacity
of the exit enclosures is permitted to egress through
areas on the level of discharge provided all of the fol-
lowing are met:

1.1. Such exit enclosures egress to a free and unob-
structed way to the exterior of the building,
which way is readily visible and identifiable
from the point of termination of the exit enclo-
sure.

1 .2. The entire area of the level of discharge is sep-
arated from areas below by construction con-
forming to the fire-resistance rating for the
exit enclosure.

1 .3. The egress path from the exit enclosure on the
level of discharge is protected throughout by
an approved automatic sprinkler system. All
portions of the level of discharge with access
to the egress path shall either be protected
throughout with an automatic sprinkler sys-
tem installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, or separated from the
egress path in accordance with the require-
ments for the enclosure of exits.

2. Amaximum of 50 percent of the number and capacity
of the exit enclosures is permitted to egress through a
vestibule provided all of the following are met:

2.1. The entire area of the vestibule is separated
from areas below by construction conforming
to the fire-resistance rating for the exit enclo-
sure.

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2.2. The depth from the exterior of the building is
not greater than 10 feet (3048 mm) and the
length is not greater than 30 feet (9144 mm).

2.3. The area is separated from the remainder of
the level of exit discharge by construction pro-
viding protection at least the equivalent of ap-
proved wired glass in steel frames.

2.4. The area is used only for means of egress and
exits directly to the outside.

3. Stairv/ays in open parking garages complying with
Section 1020.1, Exception 5, are permitted to egress
through the open parking garage at the level of exit
discharge.

1024.2 Exit discharge capacity. The capacity of the exit dis-
charge shall be not less than the required discharge capacity of
the exits being served.

1024.3 Exit discharge location. Exterior balconies, stairways
and ramps shall be located at least 10 feet (3048 nrnn) from
adjacent lot lines and from other buildings on the same lot
unless the adjacent building exterior walls and openings are
protected in accordance with Section 704 of the California
Building Code based on fire separation distance.

1024.4 Exit discharge components. Exit discharge compo-
nents shall be sufficiently open to the exterior so as to minimize
the accumulation of smoke and toxic gases.

1024.5 Egress courts. Egress courts serving as a portion of the
exit discharge in the means of egress system shall comply with
the requirements of Section 1024.

1024.5.1 Width. The width of egress courts shall be deter-
mined as specified in Section 1005.1, but such width shall
not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm), except as specified
herein. Egress courts serving Group R-3 and U occupancies
shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width.

The required width of egress courts shall be unobstructed
to a height of 7 feet (2134 mm) .

Exception: Doors, when fully opened, and handrails
shall not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches
(178 mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the
required width by more than one-half. Other
nonstructural projections such as trim and similar deco-
rative features are permitted to project into the required
width 1.5 inches (38 mm) from each side.

Where an egress court exceeds the minimum required
width and the width of such egress court is then reduced
along the path of exit travel, the reduction in width shall be
gradual. The ti-ansition in width shall be affected by a guard
not less than 36 inches (914 mm) in height and shall not cre-
ate an angle of more than 30 degrees (0.52 rad) with respect
to the axis of the egress court along the path of egress travel.
In no case shall the width of the egress court be less than the
required minimum.

1024.5.2 Construction and openings. Where an egress
court serving a building or portion thereof is less than 10
feet (3048 mm) in width, the egress court walls shall have
not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction for a
distance of 10 feet (3048 mm) above the floor of the court.

Openings within such walls shall be protected by opening
protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than V4
hour.

Exceptions:

1 . Egress courts serving an occupant load of less than
10.

2. Egress courts serving Group R-3.

1024.6 Access to a public way. The exit discharge shall pro-
vide a direct and unobstructed access to a public way.

Exception: Where access to a pubhc way cannot be pro-
vided, a safe dispiersal area shall be provided where all of the
following are met:

1. The area shall be of a size to accommodate at least 5
square feet (0.28 m^) for each person.

2. For other than Group E buildings, the area shall be lo-
cated on the same lot at least 50 feet (15 240 mm)
away from the building requiring egress. For Group E
buildings, the area shall be located on the same lot at
least 50 feet (15 240 mm) away from any building.

3. The area shall be permanently maintained and identi-
fied as a safe dispersal area.

4. The area shall be provided with a safe and unob-
structed path of travel from the building.

[BISECTION 1025
ASSEMBLY

1025.1 General. All occupancies in Group A including those
which contain seats, tables, displays, equipment or other mate-
rial shall comply with this section.

1025.1.1 Bleachers. Bleachers, grandstands, and folding
and telescopic seating shall comply with ICC 300.

1025.2 Assembly main exit. Group A occupancies that have
an occupant load of greater than 300 shall be provided with a
main exit. The main exit shall be of sufficient width to accom-
modate not less than one-half of the occupant load, but such
width shall not be less than the total required width of all means
of egress leading to the exit. Where the building is classified as
a Group A occupancy, the main exit shall front on at least one
street or an unoccupied space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm)
in width that adjoins a street or public way.

Exception: In assembly occupancies where there is no
well-defined main exit or where multiple main exits are pro-
vided, exits shall be permitted to be distributed around the
perimeter of the building provided that the total width of
egress is not less than 100 percent of the required width. At
least one exit shall discharge on a street or an unoccupied
space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width that
adjoins a street or public way.

Group A occupancies that have an occupant load greater
than 300 shall be provided with at least 0.20 inch (5. 1 mm) total
exit width for each occupant served.

Exception: Smoke-protected seating complying with Sec-
tion 1025.6.2.

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169

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1025.3 Assembly other exits. In addition to having access to a
main exit, each level in a Group A occupancy having an occu-
pant load greater than 300 shall be provided with additional
means of egress that shall provide an egress capacity for at least
one-half of the total occupant load served by that level and
comply with Section 1015.2. At least V^ of the additional
means of egress required by this section shall be directly to an
exit, or through a lobby, that is not used to access the main exit,
to an exit, or to a 1-hour rated corridor to an exit.

Exception: In assembly occupancies where there is no
well-defined main exit or where multiple main exits are pro-
vided, exits shall be permitted to be distributed around the
perimeter of the building, provided that the total width of
egress is not less than 100 percent of the required width. At
least one exit shall discharge on a street or an unoccupied
space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width that
adjoins a street or public way.

Group A occupancies that have an occupant load greater
than 300 shall beprovidedwith at least 0.20 inch (5. 1 mm) total
exit width for each occupant served.

Exception: Smoke-protected seating complying with Sec-
tion 1025.6.2.

1025.3.1 Occupant loads less than 300. For Group A occu-
pancies, at least one exit shall discharge on a street or an
unoccupied space of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in
width that adjoins a street or public way. Group A occupan-
cies that have an occupant load of 100 or more and less than
300, shall have at least one of the required means of egress
directly to an exit, or through a lobby, that is not used to
access the main exit, to an exit, or to a 1 -hour rated corridor
to an exit or continuous through a 1-hour rated lobby to an
exit.

1025.4 Foyers and lobbies. In Group A-1 occupancies, where
persons are admitted to the building at times when seats are not
available and ai'e allowed to wait in a lobby or similar space,
such use of lobby or similar space shall not encroach upon the
required clear width of the means of egress. Such waiting areas
shall be separated from the required means of egress by sub-
stantial permanent partitions or by fixed rigid railings not less
than 42 inches (1067 mm) high. Such foyer, if not directly con-
nected to a public street by all the main entrances or exits, shall
have a straight and unobstructed corridor or path of travel to
every such main entrance or exit.

1025.5 Interior balcony and gallery means of egress. For

balconies or galleries having a seating capacity of 50 or more
located in Group A occupancies, at least two means of egress
shall be provided, with one from each side of every balcony or
gallery and at least one leading directly to an exit.

1025.5.1 Enclosure of balcony openings. Interior stair-
ways and other vertical openings shall be enclosed in an exit
enclosure as provided in Section 1020.1, except that stair-
ways are permitted to be open between the balcony and the
main assembly floor in occupancies such as theaters, places
of religious worship and auditoriums. At least one accessi-
ble means of egress is required from a balcony or gallery
level containing accessible seating locations in accordance
with Section 1007.3 or 1007.4.

1025.6 Width of means of egress for assembly. The clear
width of aisles and other means of egress shall comply with
Section 1025.6.1 where smoke-protected seating is not pro-
vided and with Section 1025.6.2 or 1025.6.3 where
smoke-protected seating is provided. The clear width shall be
measured to walls, edges of seating and tread edges except for
permitted projections.

1025.6.1 Without smoke protection. The clear width of
the means of egress shall provide sufficient capacity in
accordance with all of the following, as applicable:

1 . At least 0.3 inch (7.6 mm) of width for each occupant
served shall be provided on stairs having riser heights
7 inches (178 mm) or less and tread depths 1 1 inches
(279 mm) or greater, measured horizontally between
tread nosings.

2. At least 0.005 inch (0.127 mm) of additional stair
width for each occupant shall be provided for each
0.10 inch (2.5 mm) of riser height above 7 inches (178
mm).

3. Where egress requires stair descent, at least 0.075
inch (1.9 mm) of additional width for each occupant
shall be provided on those portions of stair width hav-
ing no handrail within a horizontal distance of 30
inches (762 nun).

4. Ramped means of egress, where slopes are steeper
than one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent
slope), shall have at least 0.22 inch (5.6 mm) of clear
width for each occupant served. Level or ramped
means of egress, where slopes are not steeper than one
unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent slope),
shall have at least 0.20 inch (5.1 mm) of clear width
for each occupant served.

5. Group A occupancies that have an occupant load
greater than 300 shall be provided with at least 0.20 inch
(5.1 mm) total exit width for each occupant served.

1025.6.2 Smoke-protected seating. The clear width of the
means of egress for smoke-protected assembly seating shall
not be less than the occupant load served by the egress ele-
ment multipUed by the appropriate factor in Table 1025.6.2.
The total number of seats specified shall be those within the
space exposed to the same smoke-protected environment.
Interpolation is permitted between the specific values shown.
A life safety evaluation, complying with NFPA 101, shall be
done for a facility utilizing the reduced width requirements of
Table 1025.6.2 for smoke-protected assembly seating.

Exception: For an outdoor smoke-protected assembly
with an occupant load not greater than 18,000, the clear
width shall be determined using the factors in Section
1025.6.3.

1025.6.2.1 Smoke control. Means of egress serving a
smoke-protected assembly seating area shall be provided
with a smoke control system complying with Section
909 or natural ventilation designed to maintain the
smoke level at least 6 feet (1829 mm) above the floor of
the means of egress.

1025.6.2.2 Roof height. A smoke-protected assembly
seating area with a roof shall have the lowest portion of

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TABLE 1025.6.2
WIDTH OF AISLES FOR SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY

TOTAL NUMBER OF SEATS IN THE

SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY

OCCUPANCY

INCHES OF CLEAR WIDTH PER SEAT SERVED

Stairs and aisle steps with
handrails within 30 inches

Stairs and aisle steps without
handrails within 30 inches

Passageways, doorways and ramps
not steeper than 1 in 10 in slope

Ramps steeper
than 1 in 10 in slope

Equal to or less than 5,000

0.200

0.250

0.150

0.165

10,000

0.130

0.163

0.100

0.110

15,000

0.096

0.120

0.070

0.077

20,000

0.076

0.095

0.056

0.062

Equal to or greater than 25,000

0.060

0.075

0.044

0.048

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

the roof deck not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the
highest aisle or aisle accessway.

Exception: A roof canopy in an outdoor stadium
shall be permitted to be less than 15 feet (4572 mm)
above the highest aisle or aisle accessway provided
that there are no objects less than 80 inches (2032
mm) above the highest aisle or aisle accessway.

1025.6.2.3 Automatic sprinklers. Enclosed areas with
walls and ceilings in buildings or structures containing
smoke-protected assembly seating shall be protected
with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section 903.3.1.1.

Exceptions:

1. The floor area used for contests, performances
or entertainment provided the roof construction
is more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) above the
floor level and the use is restricted to low fire
hazard uses.

2. Press boxes and storage facilities less than
1,000 square feet (93 m^) in area.

3 . Outdoor seating facilities where seating and the
means of egress in the seating area are essen-
tially open to the outside.

1025.6.3 Width of means of egress for outdoor
smoke-protected assembly. The clear width in inches
(mm) of aisles and other means of egress shall be not less
than the total occupant load served by the egress element
multipUed by 0.08 (2.0 mm) where egress is by aisles and
stairs and multiplied by 0.06 (1.52 mm) where egress is by
ramps, coixidors, tunnels or vomitories.

Exception: The clear width in inches (mm) of aisles and
other means of egress shall be permitted to comply with
Section 1025.6.2 for the number of seats in the outdoor •
smoke-protected assembly where Section 1025.6.2 per-
mits less width.

[BJ1025. 6.4 Public address system. See Section 907.2.1.3.

1025.7 Travel distance. Exits and aisles shall be so located that
the travel distance to an exit door shall not be greater than 200
feet (60 960 mm) measured along the line of travel in
nonsprinklered buildings. Travel distance shall not be more
than 250 feet (76 200 mm) in sprinklered buildings. Where
aisles are provided for seating, the distance shall be measured

along the aisles and aisle accessway without travel over or on
the seats.

Exceptions:

1. Smoke-protected assembly seating: The ti-avel dis-
tance from each seat to the nearest entrance to a
vomitory or concourse shall not exceed 200 feet (60
960 mm). The travel distance from the entrance to the
vomitory or concourse to a stair, ramp or walk on the
exterior of the building shall not exceed 200 feet (60
960 mm).

2. Open-air seating: The travel distance from each seat
to the building exterior shall not exceed 400 feet (122
m). The travel distance shall not be limited in facilities
of Type I or n construction.

1025.8 Common path of egress travel. The common path of
egress travel shall not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) from any seat
to a point where an occupant has a choice of two paths of egress
travel to two exits.

Exceptions:

1 . For areas serving less than 50 occupants, the common
path of egress travel shall not exceed 75 feet (22 860
mm).

2. For smoke-protected assembly seating, the common
path of egress travel shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240
mm).

1025.8.1 Path through adjacent row. Where one of the
two paths of travel is across the aisle through a row of seats
to another aisle, there shall be not more than 24 seats
between the two aisles, and the minimum clear width
between rows for the row between the two aisles shall be 12
inches (305 mm) plus 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for each addi-
tional seat above seven in the row between aisles.

Exception: For smoke-protected assembly seating there
shall not be more than 40 seats between the two aisles
and the minimum clear width shall be 12 inches (305
mm) plus 0.3 inch (7.6 mm) for each additional seat.

1025.9 Assembly aisles are required. Every occupied portion
of any occupancy in Group A that contains seats, tables, dis-
plays, similar fixtures or equipment shall be provided with
aisles leading to exits or exit access doorways in accordance
with this section. Aisle accessways for tables and seating shall
comply with Section 1014.4.3.

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171

MEANS OF EGRESS

1025.9.1 Minimum aisle widtli. The minimum clear width
for aisles shall be as shown:

1. Forty-eight inches (1219 mm) for aisle stairs having
seating on each side.

Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the
aisle serves less than 50 seats.

2. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for aisle stairs having
seating on only one side.

3. Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between an aisle stair
handrail or guard and seating where the aisle is subdi-
vided by a handrail.

4. Forty-two inches (1067 mm) for level or ramped
aisles having seating on both sides.

Exceptions:

1. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the aisle
serves less than 50 seats.

2. Thirty inches (762 mm) where the aisle does
not serve more than 14 seats.

5. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for level or ramped aisles
having seating on only one side.

Exceptions:

1 . Thirty inches (762 mm) where the aisle does
not serve more than 14 seats.

2. Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between an
aisle stair handrail and seating where an aisle
does not serve more than five rows on one
side.

6. Libraries with open book stacks shall have main
aisles not less than 44 inches (1118 mm) in width, and
side, range and end aisles not less than 36 inches (914
mm) in width.

1025.9.2 Aisle width. The aisle width shall provide suffi-
cient egress capacity for the number of persons accommo-
dated by the catchment area served by the aisle. The
catchment area served by an aisle is that portion of the total
space that is served by that section of the aisle. In establish-
ing catchment areas, the assumption shall be made that there
is a balanced use of all means of egress, with the number of
persons in proportion to egress capacity.

1025.9.3 Converging aisles. Where aisles converge to form
a single path of egress travel, the required egress capacity of
that path shall not be less than tlie combined required capac-
ity of the converging aisles.

1025.9.4 Uniform width. Those portions of aisles, where
egress is possible in either of two directions, shall be uni-
form in required width.

1025.9.5 Assembly aisle termination. Each end of an aisle
shall terminate at cross aisle, foyer, doorway, vomitory or
concourse having access to an exit.

Exceptions:

1. Dead-end aisles shall not be greater than 20 feet
(6096 mm) in length.

2. Dead-end aisles longer than 20 feet (6096 mm) are
permitted where seats beyond the 20-foot (6096
mm) dead-end aisle are no more than 24 seats from
another aisle, measured along a row of seats hav-
ing a minimum clear width of 12 inches (305 mm)
plus 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for each additional seat
above seven in the row.

3. For smoke-protected assembly seating, the
dead-end aisle length of vertical aisles shall not ex-
ceed a distance of 21 rows.

4. For smoke-protected assembly seating, a longer
dead-end aisle is permitted where seats beyond the
21 -row dead-end aisle are not more than 40 seats
from another aisle, measured along a row of seats
having an aisle accessway with a minimum clear
width of 12 inches (305 mm) plus 0.3 inch (7.6 mm)
for each additional seat above seven in the row.

1025.9.6 Assembly aisle obstructions. There shall be no
obstructions in the required width of aisles except for hand-
rails as provided in Section 1025.13.

1025.10 Clear width of aisle accessways serving seating.

Where seating rows have 14 or fewer seats, the minimum clear
aisle accessway width shall not be less than 12 inches (305
mm) measured as the clear horizontal distance from the back of
the row ahead and the nearest projection of the row behind.
Where chairs have automatic or self-rising seats, the measure-
ment shall be made with seats in the raised position. Where any
chair in the row does not have an automatic or self-rising seat,
the measurements shall be made with the seat in the down posi-
tion. For seats with folding tablet arms, row spacing shall be
determined with the tablet arm down.

Exception: When tablet arm chairs are used, the minimum
clear width of 12 inches (305 mm) between rows may be
measured with tablet arms in the stored position only where
all tablet arms are raised manually in one motion to a verti-
cal position and fall to the stored position by force of gravity.

1025.10.1 Dual access. For rows of seating served by aisles
or doorways at both ends, there shall not be more than 1,00
seats per row. The minimum clear width of 12 inches (305
mm) between rows shall be increased by 0.3 inch (7.6 mm)
for every additional seat beyond 14 seats, but the minimum
clear width is not required to exceed 22 inches (559 mm).

Exception: For smoke-protected assembly seating, the
row length limits for a 12-inch-wide (305 nun) aisle
accessway, beyond which the aisle accessway minimum
clear width shall be increased, are in Table 1025.10.1.

1025.10.2 Single access. For rows of seating served by an
aisle or doorway at only one end of the row, the minimum
clear width of 12 inches (305 mm) between rows shall be
increased by 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for every additional seat
beyond seven seats, but the minimum clear width is not
required to exceed 22 inches (559 nun).

Exception: For smoke-protected assembly seating, the
row length limits for a 12-inch-wide (305 mm) aisle
accessway, beyond which the aisle accessway minimum
clear width shall be increased, are in Table 1025.10.1.

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TABLE 1025.10.1
SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY AISLE ACCESSWAYS

TOTAL NUMBER OF
SEATS IN THE SMOKE-
PROTECTED ASSEMBLY
OCCUPANCY

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SEATS PER ROW

PERMITTED TO HAVE A MINIMUM 12-INCH

CLEAR WIDTH AISLE ACCESSWAY

Aisle or doorway at
both ends of row

Aisle or doorway at
one end of row only

Less than 4,000

4,000

7,000

10,000

13,000

16,000

19,000

22,000 and greater

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

1025.11 Assembly aisle walking surfaces. Aisles with a slope
not exceeding one unit vertical in eight units horizontal
(12.5-percent slope) shall consist of a ramp having a sHp-resis-
tant walking surface. Aisles with a slope exceeding one unit
vertical in eight units horizontal (12.5-percent slope) shall con-
sist of a series of risers and treads that extends across the full
width of aisles and complies with Sections 1025.11.1 through
1025.11.3.

1025.11.1 Treads. Tread depths shall be a minimum of 1 1
inches (279 mm) and shall have dimensional uniformity.

Exception: The tolerance between adjacent treads shall
not exceed 0.188 inch (4.8 mm).

1025.11.2 Risers. Where the gradient of aisle stairs is to be
the same as the gradient of adjoining seating areas, the riser
height shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm) nor more
than 8 inches (203 mm) and shall be uniform within each
flight.

Exceptions:

1. Riser height nonuniformity shall be limited to the
extent necessitated by changes in the gradient of
the adjoining seating area to maintain adequate
sightlines. Where nonuniformities exceed 0.188
inch (4.8 mm) between adjacent risers, the exact
location of such nonuniformities shall be indicated
with a distinctive marking stripe on each tread at
the nosing or leading edge adjacent to the nonuni-
form risers. Such stripe shall be a minimum of 1
inch (25 mm), and a maximum of 2 inches (51
nam), wide. The edge marking stripe shall be dis-
tinctively different from the contrasting marking
stripe.

2. Riser heights not exceeding 9 inches (229 mm)
shall be permitted where they are necessitated by
the slope of the adjacent seating areas to maintain
sightlines.

1025.11.3 Tread contrasting marking stripe. A contrast-
ing mai-king stripe shall be provided on each tread at the nos-
ing or leading edge such that the location of each tread is

readily apparent when viewed in descent. Such stripe shall
be a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm), and a maximum of 2
inches (51 mm), wide.

Exception: The contrasting marking stripe is permitted
to be omitted where tread surfaces are such that the loca-
tion of each tread is readily apparent when viewed in
descent.

1025.12 Seat stability. In places of assembly, the seats shall be
securely fastened to the floor.

Exceptions:

1. In places of assembly or portions thereof without
ramped or tiered floors for seating and with 200 or
fewer seats, the seats shall not be required to be fas-
tened to the floor.

2. In places of assembly or portions thereof with seating
at tables and without ramped or tiered floors for seat-
ing, the seats shall not be required to be fastened to the
floor.

3. In places of assembly or portions thereof without
ramped or tiered floors for seating and with greater
than 200 seats, the seats shall be fastened together in
groups of not less than three or the seats shall be se-
curely fastened to the floor.

4. In places of assembly where flexibility of the seating
arrangement is an integral part of the design and func-
tion of the space and seating is on tiered levels, a max-
imum of 200 seats shall not be required to be fastened
to the floor. Plans showing seating, tiers and aisles
shall be submitted for approval.

5. Groups of seats within a place of assembly separated
from other seating by raihngs, guards, pai-tial height
walls or similar barriers with level floors and having
no more than 14 seats per group shall not be required
to be fastened to the floor.

6. Seats intended for musicians or other performers and
separated by railings, guards, partial height walls or
similar baiTiers shall not be requked to be fastened to
the floor.

1025.13 Handrails. Ramped aisles having a slope exceeding
one unit vertical in 15 units horizontal (6.7-percent slope) and
aisle stairs shall be provided with handrails located either at the
side or within the aisle width.

Exceptions:

1. Handrails are not required for ramped aisles having a
gradient no greater than one unit vertical in eight units
horizontal (12.5-percent slope) and seating on both
sides.

2. Handrails are not required if, at the side of the aisle,
there is a guard that complies witli the graspability re-
quirements of handrails,

1025.13.1 Discontinuous handrails. Where there is seat-
ing on both sides of the aisle, the handrails shall be discon-
tinuous with gaps or breaks at intervals not exceeding five
rows to facilitate access to seating and to permit crossing
from one side of the aisle to the other. These gaps or brealcs
shall have a clear width of at least 22 inches (559 mm) and

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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not greater than 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizon-
tally, and the handrail shall have rounded terminations or
bends.

1025.13.2 Intermediate handrails. Where handrails are
provided in the middle of aisle stairs, there shall be an addi-
tional intermediate handrail located approximately 12
inches (305 mm) below the main handrail.

1025.14 Assembly guards. Assembly guards shall comply
with Sections 1025.14.1 through 1025.14.3.

1025.14.1 Cross aisles. Cross aisles located more than 30
inches (762 mm) above the iloor or grade below shall have
guards in accordance with Section 1013.

Where an elevation change of 30 inches (762 mm) or less
occurs between a cross aisle and the adjacent floor or grade
below, guards not less than 26 inches (660 mm) above the
aisle floor shall be provided.

Exception: Where the backs of seats on the front of the
cross aisle project 24 inches (610 nun) or more above the
adjacent floor of the aisle, a guard need not be provided.

1025.14.2 Sightline-constrained guard heights. Unless
subject to the requirements of Section 1025. 14.3, a fascia or
railing system in accordance with the guard requirements of
Section 1013 and having a minimum height of 26 inches
(660 mm) shall be provided where the floor or footboard
elevation is more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or
grade below and the fascia or railing would otherwise inter-
fere with the sightlines of immediately adjacent seating. At
bleachers, a guard must be provided where the floor or foot-
board elevation is more than 24 inches (610 mm) above the
floor or grade below and the fascia or railing would other-
wise interfere with the sightlines of the immediately
adjacent seating.

1025.14.3 Guards at the end of aisles. A fascia or railing
system complying with the guard requirements of Section
1013 shall be provided for the full width of the aisle where
the foot of the aisle is more than 30 inches (762 mm) above
the floor or grade below. The fascia or railing shall be a min-
imum of 36 inches (914 nun) high and shall provide a mini-
mum 42 inches (1067 mm) measured diagonally between
the top of the rail and the nosing of the nearest ti^ead.

1025.15 Bench seating. Where bench seating is used, the num-
ber of persons shall be based on one person for each 1 8 inches
(457 mm) of length of the bench.

[BISECTION 1026
EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE

1026.1 General. In addition to the means of egress required by
this chapter, provisions shall be made for emergency escape
and rescue in Group R and I-l occupancies. Basements and
sleeping rooms below the fourth story above grade plane shall
have at least one exterior emergency escape and rescue opening
in accordance with this section. Where basements contain one
or more sleeping rooms, emergency egress and rescue open-
ings shall be required in each sleeping room, but shall not be
required in adjoining areas of the basement. Such openings

shall open directly into a public way or to a yard or court that
opens to a public way.

Exceptions:

1. The emergency escape and rescue opening is permit-
ted to open onto a balcony within an atrium in accor-
dance with the requirements of Section 404 of the
California Building Code, provided the balcony pro-
vides access to an exit and the dwelling unit or sleep-
ing unit has a means of egress that is not open to the
atrium.

2. B asements with a ceiling height of less than 80 inches
(2032 mm) shall not be required to have emergency
escape and rescue windows.

3. High-rise buildings in accordance with Section 403 of
the California Building Code door or exit access door
that opens directly into public way or to a yard, court
or exterior exit balcony that provides access to a
public way.

4. Basements without habitable spaces and having no
more than 200 square feet (18.6 m^) in floor area shall
not be required to have emergency escape windows.

1026.2 Minimum size. Emergency escape and rescue open-
ings shall have a minimum net clear opening of 5.7 square feet
(0.53 m^).

Exception: The minimum net clear opening for emergency
escape and rescue grade-floor openings shall be 5 square
feet (0.46 m^).

1026.2.1 Minimum dimensions. The minimum net clear
opening height dimension shall be 24 inches (610 mm). The
nainimum net clear opening width dimension shall be 20
inches (508 mm). The net clear opening dimensions shall be
the result of normal operation of the opening.

1026.3 Maximum height from floor. Emergency escape and
rescue openings shall have the bottom of the clear opening not
greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) measured from the floor.

1026.4 Operational constraints. Emergency escape and res-
cue openings and any exit doors shall be maintained free of any
obstructions other than those allowed by this section and shall
be operational from the inside of the room. Bars, grilles, grates
or similar devices are permitted to be placed over emergency
escape and rescue openings provided the minimum net clear
opening size complies with Section 1026.2 and such devices
shall be releasable or removable from the inside without the use
of a key, tool, special knowledge or effort or force greater than
that which is required for normal operation of the escape and
rescue opening. Where such bars, grilles, grates or similar
devices are installed, smoke alarms shall be installed in accor-
dance with Sections 907.2.10 regardless of the valuation of the
alteration. The release mechanism shall be maintained
operable at all times.

Such bars, grilles, grates or any similar devices shall be
equipped with an approved exterior release device for use by
the fire department only when required by the enforcing
agency.

Where security bars (burglar bars) are installed on emer-
gency egress and rescue windows or doors, on or after July 1,

174

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

2000, such devices shall comply with the standards of the Cali-
fornia Building Standards Code, Part 12, Chapter 12-3 and
other applicable provisions of Part 2.

Group R-1 occupancies provided with a monitored fire
sprinkler system is accordance with Section 903.2.7 and
designed in accordance with NFPA 13 may have openable win-
dows permanently restricted to a maximum 4-inch (102 mm)
open position.

1026.5 Window wells. An emergency escape and rescue open-
ing with a finished sill height below the adjacent ground level
shall be provided with a window well in accordance with Sec-
tions 1026.5.1 and 1026.5.2.

1026.5.1 Minimum size. The minimum horizontal area of
the window well shall be 9 square feet (0. 84 m^), with a min-
imum dimension of 36 inches (914 mm). The area of the
window well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue
opening to be fully opened.

1026.5.2 Ladders or steps. Window wells with a vertical
depth of more than 44 inches (1118 mm) shall be equipped
with an approved permanently affixed ladder or steps. Lad-
ders or rungs shall have an inside width of at least 12 inches
(305 mm), shall project at least 3 inches (76 mm) from the
wall and shall be spaced not more than 18 inches (457 mm)
on center (o.c.) vertically for the full height of the window
well. The ladder or steps shall not encroach into the required
dimensions of the window well by more than 6 inches (152
mm). The ladder or steps shall not be obstructed by the
emergency escape and rescue opening. Ladders or steps
required by this section are exempt from the stairway
requirements of Section 1009.

SECTION 1027
MEANS OF EGRESS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

1027.1 General. Means of egress in existing buildings shall
comply with Sections 1003 through 1026, except as amended
in Section 1027.

Exception: Means of egress conforming to the require-
ments of the building code under which they were con-
sti'ucted shall be considered as complying means of egress
if, in the opinion of the fire code official, they do not consti-
tute a distinct hazai'd to life.

1027.2 Elevators, escalators and moving walks. Elevators,
escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a component
of a required means of egress.

Exceptions:

1 . Elevators used as an accessible means of egress where
allowed by Section 1007.4.

2. Previously approved escalators and moving walks in
existing buildings.

1027.3 Exit sign illumination. Exit signs shall be internally or
externally illuminated. The face of an exit sign illuminated
from an external source, shall have an intensity of not less than

5 foot-candles (54 lux). Internally illuminated signs shall pro-
vide equivalent luminance and be listed for the purpose.

Exception: Approved self-luminous signs that provide
evenly illuminated letters shall have a minimum luminance
of 0.06 foot-lamberts (0.21 cd/m^).

1027.4 Power source. Where emergency illumination is
required in Section 1027.5, exit signs shall be visible under
emergency illumination conditions.

Exception: Approved signs that provide continuous illumi-
nation independent of external power sources are not
required to be connected to an emergency electrical system.

1027.5 Illumination emergency power. The power supply for
means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the
premises' electrical supply. In the event of power supply fail-
ure, illumination shall be automatically provided from an
emergency system for the following occupancies where such
occupancies require two or more means of egress:

1. Group A having 50 or more occupants.

Exception: Assembly occupancies used exclusively
as a place of worship and having an occupant load of
less than 300.

2. Group B buildings three or more stories in height, build-
ings with 1 00 or more occupants above or below the level
of exit discharge, or buildings with 1,000 or more total
occupants.

3. Group E in interior stairs, corridors, windowless areas
with student occupancy, shops and laboratories.

4. Group F having more than 100 occupants.

Exception: Buildings used only during daylight
hours which are provided with windows for natural
light in accordance with the California Building
Code.

5. Group!

6. Group M.

Exception: Buildings less than 3,000 square feet
(279 m^) in gross sales area on one story only, exclud-
ing mezzanines.

7. Group R-1.

Exception: Where each sleeping unit has direct
access to the outside of the building at grade.

8. Group R-2.

Exception: Where each dwelling unit or sleeping unit
has direct access to the outside of the building at
grade.

9. Group R-4.

Exception: Where each sleeping unit has direct
access to the outside of the building at ground level.

1027.5.1 Emergency power duration and installation.

The emergency power system shall provide power for not
less than 60 minutes and consist of storage batteries, unit
equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

175

MEANS OF EGRESS

emergency power system shall be in accordance with Sec-
tion 604.

1027.6 Guards. Guards complying with this section shall be
provided at the open sides of means of egress that are more than
30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below.

1027.6.1 Height of guards. Guards shall form a protective
barrier not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) high.

Exceptions:

1. Existing guards on the open side of stairs shall be
not less than 30 inches (760 mm) high.

2. Existing guards within dwelling units shall be not
less than 36 inches (910 mm) high.

3. Existing guards in assembly seating areas.

1027.6.2 Opening limitations. Open guards shall have bal-
usters or ornamental patterns such that a 6-inch diameter
(152 mm) sphere cannot pass through any opening up to a
height of 34 inches (864 mm).

Exceptions:

1 . At elevated walking surfaces for access to, and use
of electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems or
equipment, guards shall have balusters or be of
solid materials such that a sphere with a diameter
of 21 inches (533 mm) cannot pass through any
opening.

2. In occupancies in Group 1-3, F, H or S, the clear
distance between intermediate rails measured at
right angles to the rails shall not exceed 21 inches
(533 mm).

3. Approved existing open guards.

1027.7 Size of doors. The minimum width of each door open-
ing shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall
provide a clear width of not less than 28 inches (711 mm).
Where this section requires a minimum clear width of 28
inches (711 mm) and a door opening includes two door leaves
without a mullion, one leaf shall provide a clear opening width
of 28 inches (711 mm). The maximum width of a swinging
door leaf shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) nominal. Means of
egress doors in an occupancy in Group 1-2 used for the move-
ment of beds shall provide a clear width not less than 41.5
inches (1054 nrni). The height of doors shall not be less than 80
inches (2032 nam).

Exceptions:

1 . The minimum and maximum width shall not apply to
door openings that are not part of the required means
of egress in occupancies in Groups R-2 and R-3.

2. Door openings to storage closets less than 10 square
feet (0.93 m^) in area shall not be limited by the mini-
mum width.

3. Width of door leafs in revolving doors that comply
with Section 1008.1.3.1 shall not be limited.

4. Door openings within a dwelling unit shall not be less
than 78 inches (1981 mm) in height.

5. Exterior door openings in dwelling units, other than
the required exit door, shall not be less than 76 inches
(1930 mm) in height.

6. Exit access doors serving a room not larger than 70
square feet (6.5 m^) shall be not less than 24 inches
(610 mm) in door width.

1027.8 Opening force for doors. The opening force for inte-
rior side-swinging doors without closers shall not exceed a
5-pound (22 N) force. For other side-swinging, sliding and
folding doors, the door latch shall release when subjected to a
force of not more than 15 pounds (66 N). The door shall be set
in motion when subjected to a force not exceeding a 30-pound
(133 N) force. The door shall swing to a full-open position
when subjected to a force of not more than 50 pounds (222 N).
Forces shall be applied to the latch side.

1027.9 Revolving doors. Revolving doors shall comply with
the following:

1. A revolving door shall not be located within 10 feet
(3048 mm) of the foot or top of stairs or escalators. A dis-
persal area shall be provided between the stairs or escala-
tors and the revolving doors.

2. The revolutions per minute for a revolving door shall not
exceed those shown in Table 1027.9.

3. Each revolving door shall have a conforming
side-hinged swinging door in the same wall as the re-
volving door and within 10 feet (3048 mm).

Exceptions:

1. A revolving door is permitted to be used with-
out an adjacent swinging door for street floor
elevator lobbies provided a stairway, escalator
or door from other parts of the building does not
discharge through the lobby and the lobby does
not have any occupancy or use other than as a
means of travel between elevators and a street.

2. Existing revolving doors where the number of
revolving doors does not exceed the number of
swinging doors within 20 feet (6096 mm).

TABLE 1027.9
REVOLVING DOOR SPEEDS

INSIDE DIAMETER

POWER-DRIVEN-TYPE
SPEED CONTROL (RPIUl)

MANUAL-TYPE
SPEED CONTROL (RPM)

6'6"

TO"

76"

8'0"

8'6"

9'0"

9'6"

lO'O"

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

176

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

MEANS OF EGRESS

1027.9.1 Egress component. A revolving door used as a
component of a means of egress shall comply with Section
1027.9 and all of the following conditions:

1 . Revolving doors shall not be given credit for more
than 50 percent of the required egress capacity.

2. Each revolving door shall be credited with not more
than a 50-person capacity.

3. Revolving doors shall be capable of being collapsed
when a force of not more than 130 pounds (578 N) is
applied within 3 inches (76 mm) of the outer edge of a
wing.

1027.10 Stair dimensions for existing stairs. Existing stairs
in buildings shall be permitted to remain if the rise does not
exceed 8.25 inches (210 mm) and the run is not less than 9
inches (229 mm). Existing stairs can be rebuilt.

Exception: Other stairs approved by the fire code official.

1027.10.1 Stair dimensions for replacement stairs. The

replacement of an existing staii-way in a structure shall not
' be required to comply with the new stairway requirements
of Section 1009 where the existing space and construction
will not allow a reduction in pitch or slope.

1027.11 Winders. Existing winders shall be allowed to remain
in use if they have a minimum tread depth of 6 inches (152 mm)
and a minimum tread depth of 9 inches (229 mm) at a point 12
inches (305 mm) from the narrowest edge.

1027.12 Circular stairways. Existing circular stairs shall be
allowed to continue in use provided the minimum depth of
tread is 10 inches (254 mm) and the smallest radius shall not be
less than twice the width of the stairway.

1027.13 Stairway handrails. Stairways shall have handrails
on at least one side. Handrails shall be located so that all por-
tions of the staii-way width required for egress capacity are
within 44 inches (1118 mm) of a handrail.

Exception: Aisle stairs provided with a cehter handrail are
not required to have additional handrails.

1027.13.1 Height. Handrail height, measured above stair
tread nosings, shall be uniform, not less than 30 inches (762
mm) and not more than 42 inches (1067 mm).

1027.14 Slope of ramps. Ramp runs utilized as part of a means
of egress shall have a running slope not steeper than one unit
vertical in ten units horizontal (10-percent slope). The slope of
other ramps shall not be steeper than one unit vertical in eight
units horizontal (12.5-percent slope).

1027.15 Width of ramps. Existing ramps are permitted to
have a minimum width of 30 inches (762 mm) but not less than
the width required for the number of occupants served as deter-
mined by Section 1005.1.

1027.16 Fire escape stairs. Fii"e escape stairs shall comply
with Sections 1027.16.1 thi'ough 1027.16.7.

1027.16.1 Existing means of egress. Fire escape stairs
shall be permitted in existing buildings but shall not consti-
tute more than 50 percent oiF the required exit capacity.

1027.16.2 Protection of openings. Openings within 10 feet
(3048 mm) of fure escape stairs shall be protected by fire

door assemblies having a minimum V4-hour fire-resistance
rating.

Exception: In buildings equipped throughout with an
approved automatic sprinkler system, opening protec-
tion is not required.

1027.16.3 Dimensions. Fire escape stairs shall meet the
minimum width, capacity, riser height and tread depth as
specified in Section 1027.10.

1027.16.4 Access. Access to a fire escape from a corridor
shall not be through an intervening room. Access to a fire
escape stair shall be from a door or window meeting the cri-
teria of Table 1005.1. Access to a fire escape stair shall be
directly to a balcony, landing or platform. These shall be no
higher than the floor or window sill level and no lower than 8
inches (203 mm) below the floor level or 18 inches (457
mm) below the window sill.

1027.16.5 Materials and strength. Components of fire
escape stairs shall be constructed of noncombustible materials .

Fire escape stairs and balconies shall support the dead
load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square
foot (4.78 kN/m^). Fire escape stairs and balconies shall be
provided with a top and intermediate handrail on each side.

The fire code official is authorized to require testing or
other satisfactory evidence that an existing fire escape stair
meets the requirements of this section.

1027.16.6 Termination. The lowest balcony shall not be
more than 18 feet (5486 mm) from the ground. Fire escape
stairs shall extend to the ground or be provided with coun-
terbalanced stairs reaching the ground.

Exception: For fire escape stairs serving 10 or fewer
occupants, an approved fire escape ladder is allowed to
serve as the termination for a fire escape stairs.

1027.16.7 Maintenance. Fure escapes shall be kept clear
and unobstructed at all times and shall be maintained in
good working order.

1027.17 Corridors. Corridors serving an occupant load
greater than 30 and the openings therein shall provide an effec-
tive barrier to resist the movement of smoke. Transoms, lou-
vers, doors and other openings shall be closed or be
self-closing.

Exceptions:

1. Corridors in occupancies other than in Group H,
which are equipped throughout with an approved au-
tomatic sprinkler system.

2. Patient room doors in corridors in occupancies in
Group 1-2 where smoke barriers are provided in ac-
cordance with the California Building Code.

3. Corridors in occupancies in Group E where each room
utilized for instruction or assembly has at least one-half
of the required means of egress doors opening directly
to the exterior of the building at ground level.

4. Corridors that are in accordance with the California
Building Code.

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177

MEANS OF EGRESS

1027.17.1 Corridor openings. Openings in corridor walls
shall comply with the requirements of the California Build-
ing Code.

Exceptions:

1. Where 20-minute fire door assemblies are re-
quired, solid wood doors at least 1.75 inches (44
mm) thick or insulated steel doors are allowed.

2. Openings protected with fixed wire glass set in
steel frames.

3. Openings covered with 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) gyp-
sum wallboard or 0.75-inch (19.1 mm) plywood
on the room side.

4. Opening protection is not required when the build-
ing is equipped throughout with an approved auto-
matic sprinkler system.

1027.17.2 Dead ends. Where more than one exit or exit
access doorway is required, the exit access shall be arranged
such that dead ends do not exceed the limits specified in
Table 1027.17.2.

Exception: A dead-end passageway or corridor shall not
be limited in length where the length of the dead-end pas-
sageway or corridor is less than 2.5 times the least width
of the dead-end passageway or corridor.

1027.17.3 Exit access travel distance. Exits shall be
located so that the maximum length of exit access travel,
measured from the most remote point to an approved exit
along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel,
does not exceed the distances given in Table 1027.17.2.

1027.17.4 Common path of egress travel. The common
path of egress travel shall not exceed the distances given
Table 1027.17.2.

TABLE 1027.17.2
COMMON PATH, DEAD-END AND TRAVEL DISTANCE LIMITS (by occupancy)

OCCUPANCY

COMMON PATH LIMIT

DEAD-END LIMIT

TRAVEL DISTANCE LIMIT

Unsprinklered
(feet)

Sprinklered
(feet)

Unsprinklered
(feet)

Sprinklered
(feet)

Unsprinklered
(feet)

Sprinklered
(feet)

Group A

20/75^

20/75"

20''

200

250

Group B

100

200

250

Group E

200

250

Groups F-1,S-1'»

100

200

250

Groups F-2, S-2''

100

300

400

Group H-1

Group H-2

100

Group H-3

100

150

Group H-4

150

175

Group H-5

150

200

Group I- 1

200

250

Group 1-2 (Health Care)

150

200=

Group 1-3 (Detention and Correctional-
Use Conditions H, m, IV, V

100

150=

200=

Group 1-4 (Day Care Centers)

200

250

Group M (Covered Mall)

100

200

400

Group M (Mercantile)

100

200

250

Group R-1 (Hotels)

200

250

Group R-2 (Apartments)

200

250

Group R-3 (One- and Two-Family);
Group R-4 (Residential Care/Assisted
Living)

Group U

200

250

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. 20 feet for common path serving 50 or more persons; 75 feet for common path serving less than 50 persons.

b. See Section 1025.9.5 for dead-end aisles in Group A occupancies.

c. This dimension is for the total travel distance, assuming incremental portions have fully utilized their allowable maximums. For travel distance within the room,
and from the room exit access door to the exit, see the appropriate occupancy chapter.

d. See the California Building Code for special requirements on spacing of doors in aircraft han^s.
NR = No requirements.

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2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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1027.18 Stairway discharge identification. A stairway in an
exit enclosure which continues below the level of exit dis-
charge shall be an'anged and mai-ked to make the direction of
egress to a public way readily identifiable.

Exception: Stairs that continue one-half story beyond the
level of exit discharge need not be provided with barriers
where the exit discharge is obvious.

1027.19 Exterior stairway protection. Exterior exit stairs
shall be separated from the interior of the building as required
in Section 1023.6. Openings shall be limited to those necessary
for egress from normally occupied spaces.

Exceptions:

1 . Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired for buildings that are two stories or less above
grade where the level of exit discharge is the first story
above grade.

2. Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired where the exterior stairway is served by an ex-
terior balcony that connects two remote exterior
stairways or other approved exits, with a perimeter
that is not less than 50 percent open. To be considered
open, the opening shall be a minimum of 50 percent of
the height of the enclosing wall, with the top of the
opening not less than 7 feet (2134 mm) above the top
of the balcony.

3. Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quhed for an exterior stairway located in a building or
structure that is permitted to have unenclosed interior
stairways in accordance with Section 1020.1.

4. Separation from the interior of the building is not re-
quired for exterior stairways connected to
open-ended corridors, provided that:

4.1. The building, including corridors and stairs, is
equipped throughout with an automatic sprin-
kler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

4.2. The open-ended corridors comply with Sec-
tion 1017.

4.3. The open-ended corridors are connected on
each end to an exterior exit stairway comply-
ing with Section 1023.1.

4.4. At any location in an open-ended corridor
where a change of du-ection exceeding 45 de-
grees occurs, a clear opening of not less than
35 square feet (3 m^) or an exterior stairway
shall be provided. Where clear openings are
provided, they shall be located so as to mini-
mize the accumulation of smoke or toxic
gases.

1027.20 Minimum aisles width. The minimum clear width of
aisles shall be:

1. Forty-two inches (1067 mm) for aisle stairs having seat-
ing on each side.

Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the
aisle serves less than 50 seats.

2. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for stepped aisles having
seating on only one side.

Exception: Thirty inches (760 nrni) for catchment
areas serving not more than 60 seats.

3. Twenty inches (508 mm) between a stepped aisle hand-
rail or guard and seating when the aisle is subdivided by
the handrail.

4. Forty-two inches (1067 mm) for level or ramped aisles
having seating on both sides.

Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the
aisle serves less than 50 seats.

5. Thirty-six inches (914 nam) for level or ramped aisles
having seating on only one side.

Exception: Thirty inches (760 mm) for catchment
areas serving not more than 60 seats.

6. Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between a stepped stair
handrail and seating where an aisle does not serve more
than five rows on one side.

1027.21 Stairway floor number signs. Existing stairs shall be
marked in accordance with Section 1020.1.6.

SECTION 1028
MAINTENANCE OF THE MEANS OF EGRESS

1028.1 General. The means of egress for buildings or portions
thereof shall be maintained in accordance with this section.

ip28.2 Reliability. Requii-ed exit accesses, exits or exit dis-
chai-ges shall be continuously maintained free from obstruc-
tions or impediments to full instant use in the case of fire or
other emergency when the areas served by such exits are occu-
pied. Security devices affecting means of egress shall be sub-
ject to approval of the fire code official.

1028.3 Obstructions. A means of egress shall be free from
obstructions that would prevent its use, including the accumu-
lation of snow and ice.

1028.4 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be installed and maintained
in accordance with Section 1011. Decorations, furnishings,
equipment or adjacent signage that impairs the visibility of exit
signs, creates confusion or prevents identification of the exit
shall not be allowed.

1028.5 Furnishings and decorations. Furnishings, decora-
tions or other objects shall not be placed so as to obstruct exits,
access thereto, egress therefrom, or visibility thereof Hang-
ings and draperies shall not be placed over exit doors or other-
wise be located to conceal or obstruct an exit. Mirrors shall not
be placed on exit doors. Mirrors shall not be placed in or adja-
cent to any exit in such a manner as to confuse the direction of
exit.

1028.6 Emergency escape openings. Required emergency
escape openings shall be maintained in accordance with the
code in effect at the time of construction, and the following:
Requked emergency escape and rescue openings shall be oper-
ational from the inside of the room without the use of keys or
tools. Bai-s, grilles, grates or similar devices are allowed to be
placed over emergency escape and rescue openings provided

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

179

MEANS OF EGRESS

the minimum net clear opening size complies with the code that
was in effect at the time of construction and such devices shall
be releasable or removable from the inside without the use of a
key, tool or force greater than that which is required for normal
operation of the escape and rescue opening.

1028.7 Testing and maintenance. All two-way communica-
tion systems for areas of refuge shall be inspected and tested on
a yearly basis to verify that all components are operational.
When required, the tests shall be conducted in the presence of
the fire code official.

1 80 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 1 1 - AVIATION FACILITIES

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEO

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Cliapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed beiow)

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter/
Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

181

1 82 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 11

AVIATION FACILITIES

SECTION 1101
GENERAL

1101.1 Scope. Airports, heliports, helistops and aircraft han-
gars shall be in accordance with this chapter.

1101.2 Regulations not covered. Regulations not specifically
contained herein pertaining to airports, aircraft maintenance,
aircraft hangars and appurtenant operations shall be in accor-
dance with nationally recognized standards.

1101.3 Permits. For permits to operate aircraft-refueling vehi-
cles, application of flammable or combustible finishes, and hot
work, see Appendix Chapter 1, Section 105.6.

SECTION 1102
DEFINITIONS

1102.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for
the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA). Any area used or
intended for use for the parking, taxiing, takeoff, landing or
other ground-based aircraft activity.

AIRPORT. An area of land or structural surface that is used, or
intended for use, for the landing and taking off of aircraft with
an overall length greater than 39 feet (11 887 mm) and an over-
all exterior fuselage width greater than 6.6 feet (2012 mm), and
any appurtenant areas that are used or intended for use for air-
port buildings and other airport facilities.

HELIPORT. An area of land or water or a structural surface
that is used, or intended for use, for the landing and taking off
of helicopters, and any appurtenant areas which ai'e used, or
intended for use, for heliport buildings and other heliport facili-
ties.

HELISTOP. The same as "Heliport," except that no fueling,
defueling, maintenance, repairs or storage of helicopters is per-
mitted.

SECTION 1103
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

1103.1 Sources of ignition. Open flames, flame-producing
devices and other sources of ignition shall not be permitted in a
hangar, except in approved locations or in any location within
50 feet (15 240 mm) of an aircraft-fueling operation.

1103.2 Smolcing. Smoking shall be prohibited in aircraft-refu-
eling vehicles, aircraft hangars and aircraft operation areas
used for cleaning, paint removal, painting operations or fuel-
ing. "No Smoking" signs shall be provided in accordance with
Section 310.

Exception: Designated and approved smoking areas.

1103.3 Housekeeping. The aircraft operation area (AOA) and
related areas shall be kept free from combustible debris at all
times.

1103.4 Fire department access. Fire apparatus access roads
shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Chapter
5. Fire apparatus access roads and aircraft parking positions
shall be designed in a manner so as to preclude the possibility
of fire vehicles traveling under any portion of a parked aircraft.

1103.5 Dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids.

The dispensing, transferring and storage of flammable and
combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this chapter
and Chapter 34. Aircraft motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall
be in accordance with Chapter 22.

1103.6 Combustible storage. Combustible materials stored in
aircraft hangars shall be stored in approved locations and con-
tainers.

1103.7 Hazardous material storage. Hazardous materials
shall be stored in accordance with Chapter 27.

SECTION 1104
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

1104.1 Transferring flammable and combustible liquids.

Flammable and combustible liquids shall not be dispensed into
or removed from a container, tank, vehicle or au'craft except in
approved locations.

1104.2 Application of flammable and combustible liquid
finishes. The application of flammable or Class II combustible
liquid finishes is prohibited unless both of the following condi-
tions are met:

1 . The application of the liquid finish is accomplished in an
approved location.

2. The application methods and procedures are in accor-
dance with Chapter 15.

1104.3 Cleaning parts. Class lA flammable liquids shall not
be used to clean aircraft, aircraft parts or air-craft engines.
Cleaning with other flammable and combustible liquids shall
be in accordance with Section 3405.3.6.

1104.4 Spills. This section shall apply to spills of flammable
and combustible liquids and other hazai'dous materials. Fuel
spill control shall also comply with Section 1106.11.

1104.4.1 Cessation of work. Activities in the affected area
not related to the mitigation of the spill shall cease until the
spilled material has been removed or the hazard has been
mitigated.

1104.4.2 Vehicle movement. Aircraft or other vehicles
shall not be moved through the spill area until the spilled
material has been removed or the hazard has been mitigated.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

183

AVIATION FACILITIES

1104.4.3 Mitigation. Spills shall be reported, documented
and mitigated in accordance with the provisions of this
chapter and Section 2703.3.

1104.5 Running engines. Aircraft engines shall not be run in
aircraft hangars except in approved engine test areas.

1104.6 Open flame. Repairing of aircraft requiring the use of
open flames, spark-producing devices or the heating of parts
above 500°F (260°C) shall only be done outdoors or in an area
complying with the provisions of the California Building Code
for a Group F-1 occupancy.

SECTION 1105
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

1105.1 General. Portable fire extinguishers suitable for flam-
mable or combustible Hquid and electrical-type fires shall be
provided as specified in Sections 1105.2 through 1105.6 and
Section 906. Extinguishers required by this section shall be
inspected and maintained in accordance with Section 906.

1105.2 On towing vehicles. Vehicles used for towing aircraft
shall be equipped with a minimum of one listed portable fire
extinguisher complying with Section 906 and having a mini-
mum rating of 20-B:C.

1105.3 On welding apparatus. Welding apparatus shall be
equipped with a minimum of one Usted portable fire extin-
guisher complying with Section 906 and having a minimum
rating of 2-A:20-B:C.

1105.4 On aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles. Aircraft
fuel-servicing tank vehicles shall be equipped with a minimum
of two listed portable fire extinguishers complying with Sec-
tion 906, each having a minimum rating of 20-B :C. A portable
fire extinguisher shall be readily accessible from either side of
the vehicle.

1105.5 On hydrant fuel-servicing vehicles. Hydrant fuel-ser-
vicing vehicles shall be equipped with a minimum of one Usted
portable fixe extinguisher complying with Section 906, and
having a minimum rating of 20-B:C.

1105.6 At fuel-dispensing stations. Portable fire
extinguishers at fuel-dispensing stations shall be located such
that pumps or dispensers are not more than 75 feet (22 860 mm)
from one such extinguisher. Fire extinguishers shall be pro-
vided as follows:

1. Where the open-hose discharge capacity of the fueling
system is not more than 200 gallons per minute (13 L/s),
a minimum of two listed portable fire extinguishers com-
plying with Section 906 and having a minimum rating of
20-B:C shall be provided.

2. Where the open-hose discharge capacity of the fueling
system is more than 200 gallons per minute (13 L/s) but
not more than 350 gallons per minute (22 L/s), a mini-
mum of one listed wheeled extinguisher complying with
Section 906 and having a minimum extinguishing rating
of 80-B:C, and a minimum agent capacity of 125 pounds
(57 kg), shall be provided.

3. Where the open-hose discharge capacity of the fueUng
system is more than 350 gallons per minute (22 L/s), a

minimum of two listed wheeled extinguishers comply-
ing with Section 906 and having a minimum rating of
80-B:C each, and a minimum capacity agent of 125
pounds (57 kg) of each, shall be provided.

1105.7 Fire extinguisher access. Portable fire extinguishers
required by this chapter shall be accessible at all times. Where
necessary, provisions shall be made to clear accumulations of
snow, ice and other forms of weather-induced obstructions.

1105.7.1 Cabinets. Cabinets and enclosed compartments
used to house portable fire extinguishers shall be clearly
marked with the words FIRE EXTINGUISHER in letters at
least 2 inches (51 mm) high. Cabinets and compartments
shall be readily accessible at all times.

1105.8 Reporting use. Use of a fire extinguisher under any cir-
cumstances shall be reported to the manager of the airport and
the fire code official immediately after use.

SECTION 1106
AIRCRAFT FUELING

1106.1 Aircraft motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Aircraft
motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with
Chapter 22.

1106.2 Airport fuel systems. Airport fuel systems shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with NFPA 407.

1106.3 Construction of aircraft-fueling vehicles and acces-
sories. Aircraft-fueUng vehicles shall comply with this section
and shall be designed and constructed in accordance with
NFPA 407.

1106.3.1 Transfer apparatus. Aircraft-fueling vehicles
shall be equipped and maintained with an approved transfer
apparatus.

1106.3.1.1 Internal combustion type. Where such
transfer apparatus is operated by an individual unit of the
intemal-combustion-motor type, such power unit shall
be located as remotely as practicable from pumps, pip-
ing, meters, air eliminators, water separators, hose reels,
and similar equipment, and shall be housed in a separate
compartment from any of the aforementioned items. The
fuel tank in connection therewith shall be suitably
designed and installed, and the maximum fuel capacity
shall not exceed 5 gallons (19 L) where the tank is
installed on the engine. The exhaust pipe, muffler and tail
pipe shall be shielded.

1106.3.1.2 Gear operated. Where operated by gears or
chains, the geai's, chains, shafts, bearings, housing and
all parts thereof shall be of an approved design and shall
be installed and maintained in an approved manner.

1106.3.1.3 Vibration isolation. Flexible connections
for the purpose of eliminating vibration are allowed if the
material used therein is designed, installed and main-
tained in an approved manner, provided such connec-
tions do not exceed 24 inches (610 mm) in length.

1106.3.2 Pumps. Pumps of a positive-displacement type
shall be provided with a bypass rehef valve set at a pressure
of not more than 35 percent in excess of the normal working

184

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

AVIATION FACILITIES

pressure of such unit. Such units shall be equipped and
maintained with a pressure gauge on the discharge side of
the pump.

1106.3.3 Dispensing hoses and nozzles. Hoses shall be
designed for the transferring of hydrocarbon liquids and
shall not be any longer than necessary to provide efficient
fuel transfer operations. Hoses shall be equipped with an
approved shutoff nozzle. Fuel-transfer nozzles shall be
self-closing and designed to be actuated by hand pressure
only. Notches and other devices shall not be used for hold-
ing a nozzle valve handle in the open position. Nozzles shall
be equipped with a bonding cable complete with proper
attachment for aircraft to be serviced.

1106.3.4 Protection of electrical equipment. Electric wir-
ing, switches, lights and other sources of ignition, when
located in a compartment housing piping, pumps, air
eliminators, water separators, hose reels or similar equip-
ment, shall be enclosed in a vapor-tight housing. Electrical
motors located in such a compartment shall be of a type
approved for use as specified in California Electrical Code.

1106.3.5 Venting of equipment compartments. Compart-
rnents housing piping, pumps, air eliminators, water separa-
tors, hose reels and similar equipment shall be adequately
ventilated at floor level or within the floor itself.

1106.3.6 Accessory equipment. Ladders, hose reels and
similar accessory equipment shall be of an approved type
and constructed substantially as follows:

1. Ladders constructed of noncombustible material are
allowed to be used with or attached to aircraft-fueling
vehicles, provided the manner of attachment or use of
such ladders is approved and does not constitute an
additional fire or accident hazard in the operation of
such fueling vehicles.

2. Hose reels used in connection with fueling vehicles
shall be constructed of noncombustible materials and
shall be provided with a packing gland or other device
which will preclude fuel leakage between reels and
fuel manifolds.

1106.3.7 Electrical bonding provisions. Transfer appara-
tus shall be metallically interconnected with tanks, chassis,
axles and springs of aircraft-fueling vehicles.

1106.3.7.1 Bonding cables. Aircraft-fueling vehicles
shall be provided and maintained with a substantial
heavy-duty electrical cable of sufficient length to be
bonded to the aircraft to be serviced. Such cable shall be
metallically connected to the transfer apparatus or chas-
sis of the aircraft-fueling vehicle on one end and shall be
provided with a suitable metal clamp on the other end, to
be fixed to the aircraft.

1106.3.7.2 Bonding cable protection. The bonding
cable shall be bare or have a ti^ansparent protective sleeve
and be stored on a reel or in a compartment provided for
no other purpose. It shall be carried in such a manner that
it will not be subjected to sharp kinks or accidental break-
age under conditions of general use.

1106.3.8 Smoking. Smoking in aircraft-fuehng vehicles is
prohibited. Signs to this effect shall be conspicuously
posted in the driver's compartment of all fuehng vehicles.

1106.3.9 Smoking equipment. Smoking equipment such
as cigarette lighters and ash trays shall not be provided in
aircraft-fueling vehicles.

1106.4 Operation, maintenance and use of aircraft-fueling
vehicles. The operation, maintenance and use of aircraft-fuel-
ing vehicles shall be in accordance with Sections 1106.4.1
through 1 106.4.4 and other applicable provisions of this chap-
ter.

1106.4.1 Proper maintenance. Aircraft-fueling vehicles
and all related equipment shall be properly maintained and
kept in good repair. Accumulations of oil, grease, fuel and
other flammable or combustible materials is prohibited.
Maintenance and servicing of such equipment shall be
accomplished in approved areas.

1106.4.2 Vehicle integrity. Tanks, pipes, hoses, valves and
other fuel delivery equipment shall be maintained leak free
at all times.

1106.4.3 Removal from service. Aircraft-fueling vehicles
and related equipment which are in violation of Section
1106.4.1 or 1106.4.2 shall be immediately defueled and
removed from service and shall not be returned to service
until proper repairs have been made.

1106.4.4 Operators. Aircraft-fueling vehicles that are
operated by a person, firm or corporation other than the
permittee or the permittee's authorized employee shall be
provided with a legible sign visible from outside the vehicle
showing the name of the person, firm or corporation operat-
ing such unit.

1106.5 Fueling and defueling. Aircraft-fueling and defueling
operations shall be in accordance with Sections 1106.5.1
through 1106.5.5.

1106.5.1 Positioning of aircraft-fueling vehicles. Air-
craft-fueling vehicles shall not be located, parked or permit-
ted to stand in a position where such unit would obstruct
egress from an aircraft should a fire occur during fuel-trans-
fer operations. Tank vehicles shall not be located, parked or
permitted to stand under any portion of an aircraft.

1106.5.1.1 Fueling vehicle egress. A clear path shall be
maintained for aircraft-fueling vehicles to provide for
prompt and timely egress from the fueling area.

1106.5.1.2 Aircraft vent openings. A clear space of at
least 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be maintained between air-
craft fuel-system vent openings and any part or portion
of an aircraft-fueling vehicle.

1106.5.1.3 Parking. Prior to leaving the cab, the air-
craft-fueling vehicle operator shall ensure that the park-
ing brake has been set. At least two chock blocks not less
than 5 inches by 5 inches by 12 inches (127 mm by 127
nun by 305 nmi) in size and dished to fit the contour of
the tires shall be utihzed and positioned in such a manner
as to preclude movement of the vehicle in any direction.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

185

AVIATION FACILITIES

1106.5.2 Electrical bonding. Aircraft-fueling vehicles
shall be electrically bonded to the aircraft being fueled or
defueled. Bonding connections shall be made prior to mak-
ing fueling connections and shall not be disconnected until
the fuel-transfer operations are completed and the fueling
connections have been removed.

Where a hydrant service vehicle or cart is used for fuel-
ing, the hydrant coupler shall be connected to the hydrant
system prior to bonding the fueling equipment to the
aircraft.

1106.5.2.1 Conductive liose. In addition to the bonding
cable required by Section 1106.5.2, conductive hose
shall be used for all fueling operations.

1106.5.2.2 Bonding conductors on transfer nozzles.

Transfer nozzles shall be equipped with approved bond-
ing conductors which shall be clipped or otherwise posi-
tively engaged with the bonding attachment provided on
the aircraft adjacent to the fuel tank cap prior to removal
of the cap.

Exception: In the case of overwing fueling where no
appropriate bonding attachment adjacent to the fuel
fill port has been provided on the aircraft, the fueling
operator shall touch the fuel tank cap with the nozzle
spout prior to removal of the cap. The nozzle shall be
kept in contact with the fill port until fueling is com-
pleted.

1106.5.2.3 Funnels. Where required, metal funnels are
allowed to be used during fueling operations. Direct con-
tact between the fueling receptacle, the funnel and the
fueling nozzle shall be maintained during the fueling
operation.

1106.5.3 Training. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be
attended and operated only by persons instructed in meth-
ods of proper use and operation and who are qualified to use
such fueling vehicles in accordance with minimum safety
requirements.

1106.5.3.1 Fueling hazards. Fuel-servicing personnel
shall know and understand the hazards associated with
each type of fuel dispensed by the airport fueling-system
operator.

1106.5.3.2 Fire safety training. Employees of fuel
agents who fuel aircraft, accept fuel shipments or other-
wise handle fuel shall receive approved fire safety train-
ing.

1106.5.3.2.1 Fire extinguisher training. Fuel-ser-
vicing personnel shall receive approved training in
the operation of fire-extinguishing equipment.

1106.5.3.2.2 Documentation. The airport fuel-
ing-system operator shall maintain records of all
training administered to its employees. These records
shall be made available to the fire code official on
request.

1106.5.4 Transfer personnel. During fuel-transfer opera-
tions, a qualified person shall be in control of each transfer
nozzle and another qualified person shall be in immediate
control of the fuel-pumping equipment to shut off or other-

wise control the flow of fuel from the time fueling
operations are begun until they are completed.

Exceptions:

1. For underwing refueling, the person stationed at
the point of fuel intake is not required.

2. For overwing refueling, the person stationed at the
fuel pumping equipment shall not be required
where the person at the fuel dispensing device is
within 75 feet (22 800 mm) of the emergency shut-
off device, is not on the wing of the aircraft and has
a clear and unencumbered path to the fuel pumping
equipment; and, the fuel dispensing line does not
exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm) in length.

The fueling operator shall monitor the panel of the fuel-
ing equipment and the aircraft control panel during pressure
fueling or shall monitor the fill port during overwing
fuehng.

1106.5.5 Fuel flow control. Fuel flow-control valves shall
be operable only by the direct hand pressure of the operator.
Removal of the operator's hand pressure shall cause an
immediate cessation of the flow of fuel.

1106.6 Emergency fuel shutoff. Emergency fuel shutoff con-
trols and procedures shall comply with Sections 1106.6.1
through 1106.6.4.

1106.6.1 Accessibility. Emergency fuel shutoff controls
shall be readily accessible at all times when the fueling sys-
tem is being operated.

1106.6.2 Notification of the fire department. The fuel-
ing-system operator shall estabhsh a procedure by which
the fire department will be notified in the event of an activa-
tion of an emergency fuel shutoff control.

1106.6.3 Determining cause. Prior to reestablishment of
normal fuel flow, the cause of fuel shutoff conditions shall
be determined and corrected.

1106.6.4 Testing. Emergency fuel shutoff devices shall be
operationally tested at intervals not exceeding three months.
The fuehng-system operator shall maintain suitable records
of these tests.

1106.7 Protection of hoses. Before an aircraft-fueling vehicle
is moved, fuel transfer hoses shall be properly placed on the
approved reel or in the compartment provided, or stored on the
top decking of the fueling vehicle if proper height rail is pro-
vided for security and protection of such equipment.
Fuel-transfer hose shall not be looped or draped over any part
of the fueling vehicle, except as herein provided. Fuel-transfer
hose shall not be dragged when such fueling vehicle is moved
from one fueling position to another.

1106.8 Loading and unloading. Aircraft-fueling vehicles
shall be loaded only at an approved loading rack. Such loading
racks shall be in accordance with Section 3406.5.1.12.

Exceptions:

1. Aircraft-refueling units may be loaded from the fuel
tanks of an aircraft during defueling operations.

2. Fuel transfer between tank vehicles is allowed to be
performed in accordance with Section 3406.6 when

186

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

AVIATION FACILITIES

the operation is at least 200 feet (60 960 mm) from an
aircraft.

Tile fuel cargo of such units shall be unloaded only by
approved transfer apparatus into the fuel tanks of aircraft,
underground storage tanks or approved gravity storage tanks.

1106.9 Passengers. Passenger traffic is allowed during the
time fuel transfer operations are in progress, provided the fol-
lowing provisions are strictly enforced by the owner of the air-
craft or the owner's authorized employee:

1 . Smoking and producing an open flame in the cabin of the
aircraft or the outside thereof within 50 feet (15 240 mm)
of such aircraft shall be prohibited.

A qualified employee of the aircraft owner shall be
responsible for seeing that the passengers are not
allowed to smoke when remaining aboard the aircraft or
while going across the ramp from the gate to such air-
craft, or vice versa.

2. Passengers shall not be permitted to linger about the
plane, but shall proceed directly between the loading
gate and the aircraft.

3. Passenger loading stands or walkways shall be left in
loading position until all fuel transfer operations are
completed.

4. Fuel transfer operations shall not be performed on the
main exit side of any aircraft containing passengers ex-
cept when the owner of such aircraft or a capable and
qualified employee of such owner remains inside the air-
craft to direct and assist the escape of such passengers
through regular and emergency exits in the event fire
should occur during fuel transfer operations.

1106.10 Sources of ignition. Smoking and producing open
flames within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a point where fuel is
being transferred shall be prohibited. Electrical and
motor-driven devices shall not be connected to or disconnected
from an aircraft at any time fueling operations are in progress
on such aircraft.

1106.11 Fuel spill prevention and procedures. Fuel spill pre-
vention and the procedures for handling spills shall comply
with Sections 1106.11.1 through 1106.11.7.

1106.11.1 Fuel-service equipment maintenance. Aircraft
fuel-servicing equipment shall be maintained and kept free
from leaks. Fuel-servicing equipment that malfunctions or
leaks shall not be continued in service.

1106.11.2 Transporting fuel nozzles. Fuel nozzles shall be
carried utilizing appropriate handles. Dragging fuel nozzles
along the ground shall be prohibited.

1106.11.3 Drum fueling. Fueling from drums or other con-
tainers having a capacity greater than 5 gallons (19 L) shall
be accomplished with the use of an approved pump.

1106.11.4 Fuel spill procedures. The fueling-system oper-
ator shall establish procedures to follow in the event of a fuel
spill. These procedures shall be comprehensive and shall
provide for at least all of the following:

1. Upon observation of a fuel spill, the aircraft-fueling
operator shall immediately stop the delivery of fuel by

releasing hand pressure frona the fuel flow-control
valve.

2. Failure of the fuel control valve to stop the continued
spillage of fuel shall be cause for the activation of the
appropriate emergency fuel shutoff device.

3. A supervisor for the fueling-system operator shall re-
spond to the fuel spill area immediately.

1106.11.5 Notification of the fire department. The fire
department shall be notified of any fuel spill which is con-
sidered a hazard to people or property or which meets one or
more of the following criteria:

1. Any dimension of the spill is greater than 10 feet
(3048 mm).

2. The spill area is greater than 50 square feet (4.65 m^).

3. The fuel flow is continuous in nature.

1106.11.6 Investigation required. An investigation shall
be conducted by the fueling-system operator of all spills
requiring notification of the fire department. The investiga-,
tion shall provide conclusive proof of the cause and verifica-
tion of the appropriate use of emergency procedures. Where
it is determined that corrective measures are necessary to
prevent future incidents of the same nature, they shall be
implemented immediately.

1106.11.7 Multiple fuel delivery vehicles. Simultaneous
delivery of fuel from more than one aircraft-fueling vehicle
to a single aircraft-fueling manifold is prohibited unless
proper backflow prevention devices are installed to prevent
fuel flow into the tank vehicles.

1106.12 Aircraft engines and heaters. Operation of aircraft
onboard engines and combustion heaters shall be terminated
prior to commencing fuel service operations and shall remain
off until the fuel-servicing operation is completed.

Exception: In an emergency, a single jet engine is allowed
to be operated during fuel servicing where all of the follow-
ing conditions are met:

1. The emergency shall have resulted from an onboard
failure of the aircraft's auxiliary power unit.

2. Restoration of auxiliary power to the aircraft by
ground support services is not available.

3. The engine to be operated is either at the rear of the
aircraft or on the opposite side of the aircraft from the
fuel service operation.

4. The emergency operation is in accordance with a
written procedure approved by the fii-e code official.

1106.13 Vehicle and equipment restrictions. During aircraft-
fueling operations, only the equipment actively involved in the
fueling operation is allowed within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of the
aircraft being fueled. Other equipment shall be prohibited in
this area until the fueling operation is complete.

Exception: Aircraft-fueling operations utilizing sin-
gle-point refueling with a sealed, mechanically locked fuel
line connection and the fuel is not a Class I flammable
liquid.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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AVIATION FACILITIES

A clear space of at least 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be main-
tained between aircraft fuel-system vent openings and any part
or portion of aircraft-servicing vehicles or equipment.

1106.13.1 Overwing fueling. Vehicles or equipment shall
not be allowed beneath the trailing edge of the wing when
akcraft fueling takes place over the wing and the aircraft
fuel-system vents are located on the upper surface of the
wing.

1106.14 Electrical equipment. Electrical equipment, includ-
ing but not limited to, battery chargers, ground or auxiliary
power units, fans, compressors or tools, shall not be operated,
nor shall they be connected or disconnected firom their power
source, during fuel service operations.

1106.14.1 Otiier equipment. Electrical or other spark-pro-
ducing equipment shall not be used within 10 feet (3048
mm) of fueling equipment, aircraft fill or vent points, or spill
areas unless that equipment is intrinsicdly safe and
approved for use in an explosive atmosphere.

1106.15 Open flames. Open flames and open-flame devices
are prohibited within 50 feet (15 240 nun) of any aircraft
fuel-servicing operation or fueling equipment.

1106.15.1 Otlier areas. The fure code official is authorized
to establish other locations where open flames and
open-flame devices are prohibited.

1106.15.2 Matches and lighters. Personnel assigned to
and engaged in fuel-servicing operations shall not carry
matches or lighters on or about their person. Matches or
lighters shall be prohibited in, on or about aircraft-fueling
equipment.

1106.16 Lightning procedures. The fire code official is autho-
rized to require the airport authority and the fueling-system
operator to establish written procedures to follow when light-
ning flashes are detected on or near the airport. These proce-
dures shall establish criteria for the suspension and resumption
of aircraft-fueling operations.

1106.17 Fuel-transfer locations. Aircraft fuel-transfer opera-
tions shall be prohibited indoors.

Exception: In aircraft hangars built in accordance with the
provisions of the California Building Code for Group F-1
occupancies, aircraft fuel-transfer operations are allowed
where:

1 . Necessary to accomphsh aircraft fuel-system mainte-
nance operations. Such operations shall be performed
in accordance with nationally recognized standai'ds;
or

2. The fuel being used has a flash point greater than
100°F (37.8°C).

1106.17.1 Position of aircraft. Aircraft being fueled shall
be positioned such that any fuel system vents and other fuel
tank openings are a minimum of:

1 . Twenty-five feet (7620 mm) from buildings or struc-
tures other than jet bridges; and

2. Fifty feet (15 240 mm) from air intake vents for boiler,
heater or incinerator rooms.

1106.17.2 Fire equipment access. Access for fire service
equipment to aircraft shall be maintained during fuel-ser-
vicing operations.

1106.18 Defueling operations. The requirements for fueling
operations contained in this section shall also apply to aircraft
defueling operations. Additional procedures shall be estab-
lished by the fueling-system operator to prevent overfilling of
the tank vehicle used in the defueling operation.

1106.19 Maintenance of aircraft-fueling hose. Aircraft-fuel-
ing hoses shall be maintained in accordance with Sections
1106.19.1 through 1106.19.4.

1106.19.1 Inspections. Hoses used to fuel or defuel aircraft
shall be inspected periodically to ensure their serviceability
and suitability for continued service. The fuel-service oper-
ator shall maintain records of all tests and inspections per-
formed on fueling hoses. Hoses found to be defective or
otherwise damaged shall be immediately removed from
service.

1106.19.1.1 Daily inspection. Each hose shall be
inspected daily. This inspection shall include a complete
visual scan of the exterior for evidence of damage, blis-
tering or leakage. Each coupling shall be inspected for
evidence of leaks, slippage or misahgnment.

1106.19.1.2 Monthly inspection. A more thorough
inspection, including pressure testing, shall be accom-
plished for each hose on a monthly basis. This inspection
shall include examination of the fuel delivery inlet screen
for rubber particles, which indicates problems with the
hose lining.

1106.19.2 Damaged hose. Hose that has been subjected to
severe abuse shall be immediately removed from service.
Such hoses shall be hydrostatically tested prior to being
returned to service.

1106.19.3 Repairing hose. Hoses are allowed to be
repaired by removing the damaged portion and recoupHng
the undamaged end. When recoupling hoses, only cou-
plings designed and approved for the size and type of hose in
question shall be used. Hoses repaired in this manner shall
be visually inspected and hydrostatically tested prior to
being placed back in service.

1106.19.4 New hose. New hose shall be visually inspected
prior to being placed into service.

1106.20 Aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles parking. Unat-
tended aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles shall be parked in ai-eas
tliat provide for botli the unencumbered dispersal of vehicles in
the event of an emergency and the control of leakage such that
adjacent buildings and storm drains are not contaminated by
leaking fuel.

1106.20.1 Parking area design. Parking areas for tank
vehicles shall be designed and utilized such that a clearance
of 10 feet (3048 mm) is maintained between each parked
vehicle for fire department access. In addition, a minimum
clearance of 50 feet (15 240 mm) shall be maintained
between tank vehicles and parked aircraft and structures
other than those used for the maintenance and/or garaging
of aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles.

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2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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1106.21 Radar equipment. Aircraft fuel-servicing operations
shall be prohibited while the weather-mapping radar of that air-
craft is operating.

Aircraft fuel-servicing or other operations in which flamma-
ble liquids, vapors or mists may be present shall not be con-
ducted within 300 feet (91 440 mm) of an operating aircraft
surveillance radar. '

Aircraft fuel-servicing operations shall not be conducted
within 300 feet (91 440 mm) of airport flight traffic surveil-
lance radar equipment.

Aircraft fuel-servicing or other operations in which flamma-
ble liquids, vapors or mists may be present shall not be con-
ducted within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of airport ground traffic
surveillance radar equipment.

1106.21.1 Direction of radar beams. The beam from
ground radar equipment shall not be directed towai-d fuel
storage or loading racks.

Exceptions:

1. Fuel storage and loading racks in excess of 300
feet (91 440 mm) from airport flight traffic surveil-
lance equipment.

2. Fuel storage and loading racks in excess of 100
feet (30 480 mm) from airport ground traffic sur-
veillance equipment.

SECTION 1107
HELISTOPS AND HELIPORTS

1107.1 General. Helistops and heliports shall be maintained in
accordance with Sections 1107. 2 tiirough 1107.8. Helistops
and heliports on buildings shall be constructed in accordance
with the California Building Code.

1107.2 Clearances. The touchdown area shall be surrounded
on all sides by a clear area having minimum average width at
roof level of 15 feet (4572 mm) but no width less than 5 feet
(1524 mm). The clear area shall be maintained.

1107.3 Flammable and Class II combustible liquid spillage.

Landing areas on structures shall be maintained so as to confine
flammable or Class II combustible liquid spillage to the land-
ing area itself, and provisions shall be made to drain such spill-
age away from exits or stairways serving the helicopter landing
ai-ea or from a structure housing such exit or stairway.

1107.4 Exits. Exits and stairways shall be maintained in accor-
dance with Section 412.5 of the California Building Code.

1107.5 Standpipe systems. Where a building with a rooftop
helistop or heliport is equipped with a standpipe system, the
system shall be extended to the roof level on which the helistop
or heliport is located. All portions of the helistop and heliport
area shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of a 2.5-inch (63.5
mm) outlet on a Class I or HI standpipe.

1107.6 Foam protection. Foam fire-protection capabilities
shall be provided for rooftop heliports. Such systems shall be
designed, installed and maintained in accordance with the
applicable provisions of Sections 903, 904 and 905.

1107.7 Fire extinguishers. A minimum of one portable fire
extinguisher having a minimum 80-B:C rating shall be pro-
vided for each permanent takeoff and landing area and for the
aircraft parking areas. Installation, inspection and maintenance
of these extinguishers shall be in accordance with Section 906.

1107.8 Federal approval. Before operating helicopters from
helistops and heliports, approval shall be obtained from the
Federal Aviation Administration.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

189

■■ 90 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 12 -DRY CLEANING

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DBA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

i;ac

' 2

Adopt Entire Ctiapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

191

1 92 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 12

DRY CLEANING

SECTION 1201
GENERAL

1201.1 Scope. Dry cleaning plants and their operations shall
comply with the requirements of this chapter.

1201.2 Permit required. Permits shall be required as set forth
in Appendix Chapter 1, Section 105.6.

SECTION 1202
DEFINITIONS

1202.1 DeJSnitions. The following words and terms shall, for
the puiposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

DRY CLEANING. The process of removing dirt, grease,
paints and other stains from such items as wearing apparel, tex-
tiles, fabrics and rugs by use of nonaqueous liquids (solvents).

DRY CLEANING PLANT. A facility in which diy cleaning
and associated operations are conducted, including the office,
receiving area and storage rooms.

DRY CLEANING ROOM. An occupiable space within a
building used for performing dry cleaning operations, the
installation of solvent-handling equipment or the storage of dry
cleaning solvents.

DRY CLEANING SYSTEM. Machinery or equipment in
which textiles are immersed or agitated in solvent or in which
dry cleaning solvent is extracted from textiles.

SOLVENT OR LIQUID CLASSIFICATIONS. A method
for classifying solvents or hquids according to the following
classes:

Class I solvents. Liquids having a flash point below 100°F
(38°C).

Class II solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or above
100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C).

Class IIIA solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or
above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).

Class IIIB solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or above
200°F(93°C).

Class IV solvents. Liquids classified as nonflammable.

SECTION 1203
CLASSIFICATIONS

1203.1 Solvent classification. Dry cleaning solvents shall be
classified according to their flash points as follows:

1 . Class I solvents ai-e liquids having a flash point below
100°F (38°C).

2. Class II solvents are liquids having a flash point at or
above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C).

3. Class IHA solvents are liquids having a flash point at or
above WOT (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).

4. Class IIIB solvents are liquids having a flash point at or.
above 200°F (93°C).

5 . Class IV solvents are liquids classified as nonflammable.

1203.2 Classification of dry cleaning plants and systems.

Dry cleaning plants and systems shall be classified based on the
solvents used as follows:

1. Type I — systems using Class I solvents.

2. Type II — systems using Class II solvents.

3. Type III- A — systems using Class IDA solvents.

4. Type III-B — systems using Class IIIB solvents.

5. Type IV — systems using Class IV solvents in which dry
cleaning is not conducted by the public.

6. Type V — systems using Class IV solvents in which dry
cleaning is conducted by the public.

Spotting and pretreating operations conducted in accor-
dance with Section 1206 shall not change the type of the dry
cleaning plant.

1203.2.1 Multiple solvents. Dry cleaning plants using
more than one class of solvent for dry cleaning shall be clas-
sified based on the numerically lowest solvent class.

1203.3 Design. The occupancy classification, design and con-
struction of dry cleaning plants shall comply with the applica-
ble requirements of the California Building Code.

SECTION 1204
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1204.1 Prohibited use. Type I dry cleaning plants shall be pro-
hibited. Limited quantities of Class I solvents stored and used
in accordance with this section shall not be prohibited in dry
cleaning plants.

1204.2 Building services. Building services and systems shall
be designed, installed and maintained in accordance with this
section and Chapter 6.

1204.2.1 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in
accordance with Section 502 of the California Mechanical
Code andDOL29 CFRPart 1910.1000, where applicable.

1204.2.2 Heating. In Type n dry cleaning plants, heating
shall be by indirect means using steam, hot water or hot oil
only.

1204.2.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wir-
ing and equipment in dry cleaning rooms or other locations
subject to flammable vapors shall be installed in accordance
with the California Electrical Code.

1204.2.4 Bonding and grounding. Storage tanks, treat-
ment tanks, filters, pumps, piping, ducts, dry cleahing units,

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

193

DRY CLEANING

stills, tumblers, drying cabinets and other such equipment,
where not inherently electrically conductive, shall be
bonded together and grounded. Isolated equipment shall be
grounded.

SECTION 1205
OPERATING REQUIREMENTS

1205.1 General. The operation of dry cleaning systems shall
comply with the requirements of Sections 1205.1.1 through
1205.3.

1205.1.1 Written instructions. Written instructions cover-
ing the proper installation and safe operation and use of
equipment and solvent shall be given to the buyer.

1205.1.1.1 Type II, ni-A, III-B and IV systems. In

lype II, III-A, III-B and IV dry cleaning systems,
machines shall be operated in accordance with the oper-
ating instructions furnished by the machinery manufac-
turer. Employees shall be instructed as to the hazards
involved in their departments and in the work they
perform.

1205.1.1.2 Type V systems. Operating instructions for
customer use of Type V dry cleaning systems shall be
conspicuously posted in a location near the dry cleaning
unit. A telephone number shall be provided for emer-
gency assistance.

1205.1.2 Equipment identification. The manufacturer
shall provide nameplates on dry cleaning machines indicat-
ing the class of solvent for which each machine is designed.

1205.1.3 Open systems proliibited. Dry cleaning by
immersion and agitation in open vessels shall be prohibited.

1205.1.4 Prohibited use of solvent. The use of solvents
with a flash point below that for which a machine is
designed or listed shall be prohibited.

1205.1.5 Equipment maintenance and housekeeping.

Proper maintenance and operating practices shall be
observed in order to prevent the leakage of solvent or the
accumulation of lint. The handling of waste material gener-
ated by dry cleaning operations and the maintenance of
facilities shall comply with the provisions of this section.

1205.1.5.1 Floors. Class I and 11 liquids shall not be used
for cleaning floors.

1205.1.5.2 Filters. Filter residue and other residues con-
taining solvent shall be handled and disposed of in cov-
ered metal containers.

1205.1.5.3 Lint. Lint and refuse shall be removed from
traps daily, deposited in approved waste cans, removed
from the premises, and disposed of safely. At all other
times, traps shall be held securely in place.

1205.1.5.4 Customer areas. In Type V dry cleaning sys-
tems, customer areas shall be kept clean.

1205.2 Type II systems. Special operating requirements for
Type II dry cleaning systems shall comply with the provisions
of Sections 1205.2.1 through 1205.2.3.

1205.2.1 Inspection of materials. Materials to be dry
cleaned shall be searched thoroughly and foreign materials,
including matches and metallic substances, shall be
removed.

1205.2.2 Material transfer. In removing materials from the
washer, provisions shall be made for minimizing the drip-
ping of solvent on the floor. Where materials are transferred
from a washer to a drain tub, a nonferrous metal drip apron
shall be placed so that the apron rests on the drain tub and the
cylinder of the washer.

1205.2.3 Ventilation. A mechanical ventilation system
which is designed to exhaust 1 cubic foot of air per minute
for each square foot of floor area [0.0058 mV(s • m^)] shall
be installed in dry cleaning rooms and in drying rooms. The
ventilation system shall operate automatically when the dry
cleaning equipment is in operation and shall have manual
controls at an approved location.

1205,3 Type TV and V systems. Type IV and V dry cleaning
systems shall be provided with an automatically activated
exhaust ventilation system to maintain a minimum of 100 feet
per minute (0.51 m/s) air velocity through the loading door
when the door is opened. Such systems for dry cleaning equip-
ment shall comply with the California Mechanical Code.

Exception: Dry cleaning units are not required to be pro-
vided with exhaust ventilation where an exhaust hood is
installed immediately outside of and above the loading door
which operates at an airflow rate as follows:

Q=100xA,o

(Equation 12-1)

where:

Q = flow rate exhausted through the hood, cubic feet per
minute (mVs).

Ald= area of the loading door, square feet (m^).

SECTION 1206
SPOTTING AND PRETREATING

1206.1 General. Spotting and pretreating operations and
equipment shall comply with the provisions of Sections 1206.2
through 1206.5.

1206.2 Type I solvents. The maximum quantity of Type I sol-
vents permitted at any work station shall be 1 gallon (4 L).
Class I solvents shall be stored in appfoved safety cans or in
sealed DOTn-approved metal shipping containers of not more
than 1 -gallon (4 L) capacity. Dispensing shall be from
approved safety cans.

1206.3 Type 11 and III solvents. Scouring, brushing, and spot-
ting and pretreating shall be conducted with Class II or III sol-
vents. The maximum quantity of Type II or III solvents
permitted at any work station shall be 1 gallon (4 L). In other
than a Group H-2 occupancy, the aggregate quantities of sol-
vents shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantity per
control area for use-open system.

1206.3.1 Spotting tables. Scouring, brushing or spotting
tables on which articles are soaked in solvent shall have a
liquid-tight top with a curb on all sides not less than 1 inch

194

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

DRY CLEANING

(25 mm) high. The top of the table shall be pitched to ensure
thorough draining to a 1 .5-inch (38 mm) drain connected to
an approved container.

1206.3.2 Special handling. When approved, articles that
cannot be washed in the usual washing machines are
allowed to be cleaned in scrubbing tubs. Scrubbing tubs
shall comply with the following:

1. Only Class II or III liquids shall be used.

2. The total amount of solvent used in such open con-
tainers shall not exceed 3 gallons (1 1 L).

3. Scrubbing tubs shall be secured to the floor.

4. Scrubbing tubs shall be provided with permanent 1 .5-
inch (38 mm) drains. Such drain shall be provided
with a ti'ap and shall be connected to an approved con-
tainer.

1206.3.3 Ventilation. Scrubbing tubs, scouring, brushing
or spotting operations shall be located such that solvent
vapors are captured and exhausted by the ventilating
system.

1206.3.4 Bonding and grounding. Metal scouring, brush-
ing and spotting tables and scrubbing tubs shall be perma-
nently and effectively bonded and grounded.

1206.4 Type IV systems. Flammable and combustible liquids
used for spotting operations shall be stored in approved safety
cans or in sealed DOTn-approved metal shipping containers of
not more than 1 gallon (4 L) in capacity. Dispensing shall be
from approved safety cans. Aggregate amounts shall not
exceed 10 gallons (38 L).

1206.5 Type V systems. Spotting operations using flammable
or combustible liquids are prohibited in Type V dry cleaning
systems.

SECTION 1207
DRY CLEANING SYSTEMS

1207.1 General equipment requirements. Dry cleaning sys-
tems, including dry cleaning units, washing machines, stills,
drying cabinets, tumblers, and their appurtenances, including
pumps, piping, valves, filters and solvent coolers, shall be
installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 32. The
construction of buildings in which such systems are located
shall comply with tlie requii-ements of this section and the Cali-
fornia Building Code. B:C portable &e extinguishers shall be
provided near the doors inside dry cleaning rooms containing
Type II, Type III-A and Type III-B dry cleaning systems.

1207.2 Type II systems. Type II dry cleaning and solvent tank
storage rooms shall not be located below grade or above the
lowest floor level of the building and shall comply with Sec-
tions 1207.2.1 through 1207.2.3.

Exception: Solvent storage tanks installed underground, in
vaults or in special enclosures in accordance with Chapter
34.

1207.2.1 Fire-fighting access. Type II dry cleaning plants
shall be located so that access is provided and maintained

from one side for fire-fighting and fire control purposes in
accordance with Section 503.

1207.2.2 Number of means of egress. Type II dry cleaning
rooms shall have not less than two means of egress doors
located at opposite ends of the room, at least one of which
shall lead directly to the outside.

1207.2.3 Spill control and secondary containment.

Curbs, di'ains, or other provisions for spill control and sec-
ondary containment shall be provided in accordance with
Section 2704.2 to collect solvent leakage and fire protection
water and direct it to a safe location.

1207.3 Solvent storage tanks. Solvent storage tanks for Class
II, niA and niB liquids shall conform to the requirements of
Chapter 34 and be located underground or outside, above
ground.

Exception: As provided in NFPA 32 for inside storage or
treatment tanks.

SECTION 1208
FIRE PROTECTION

1208.1 General. Where requii-ed by this section, fire protec-
tion systems, devices and equipment shall be installed,
inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with Chapter 9.

1208.2 Automatic sprinkler system. An automatic sprinkler
system shall be installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1
throughout dry cleaning plants containing Type n. Type III-A
or Type III-B dry cleaning systems.

1208.3 Automatic fire-extinguishing systems. Type 11 dry
cleaning units, washer-extractors, and drying tumblers in Type
n dry cleaning plants shall be provided with an approved auto-
matic fire-extinguishing system installed and maintained in
accordance with Chapter 9.

Exception: Where approved, a manual steam jet not less
than 0.75 inch (19 mm) with a continuously available steam
supply at a pressure not less than 15 pounds per square inch
gauge (psig) (103 kPa) is allowed to be substituted for the
automatic fire-extinguishing system.

1208.4 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire
extinguishers shall be selected, installed and maintained in
accordance with this section and Section 906. A minimum of
two 2-A:10-B:C portable fire extinguishers shall be provided
near the doors inside diy cleaning rooms containing Type II,
Type III-A and Type III-B dry cleaning systems.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

195

1 96 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 13 - COMBUSTIBLE DUST-PRODUCING OPERATIONS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

i;ac

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Cliapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only ttiose sections tliat are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

197

1 98 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 13

COMBUSTIBLE DUST-PRODUCING OPERATIONS

SECTION 1301
GENERAL

1301.1 Scope. The equipment, processes and operations
involving dust explosion hazards shall comply with tihie provi-
sions of this chapter.

1301.2 Permits. Permits shall be required for combustible
dust-producing operations as set forth in Appendix Chapter 1,
Section 105.6.

SECTION 1302
DEFINITIONS

1302.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meaning shown herein.

COMBUSTIBLE DUST. Finely divided solid material which
is 420 microns or less in diameter and which, when dispersed in
air in the proper proportions, could be ignited by a flame, spark
or other source of ignition. Combustible dust will pass through
a U.S. No. 40 standard sieve.

SECTION 1303
PRECAUTIONS

1303.1 Sources of ignition. Smoking or the use of heating or
other devices employing an open flame, or the use of spark-
producing equipment is prohibited in areas where combustible
dust is generated, stored, manufactured, processed or handled.

1303.2 Houseiceeping. Accumulation of combustible dust
shall be kept to a minimum in the interior of buildings. Accu-
mulated combustible dust shall be collected by vacuum clean-
ing or other means that will not place combustible dust into
suspension in air. Forced air or similar methods shall not be
used to remove dust from surfaces.

SECTION 1304
EXPLOSION PROTECTION

1304.1 Standards. The fire code official is authorized to
enforce applicable provisions of the codes and standards listed
in Table 1304.1 to prevent and control dust explosions.

TABLE 1304.1
EXPLOSION PROTECTION STANDARDS

STANDARD

SUBJECT

NFPA61

Agricultural and Food Products

NFPA69

Explosion Prevention

NFPA 85

Boiler and Combustion System
Hazards

NFPA 120

Coal Preparation Plants

NFPA 484

Combustible Metals, Metal Powders
and Metal Dusts

NFPA 654

Manufacturing, Processing and
Handling of Combustible
Particulate Solids

NFPA 655

Prevention of Sulfur Fires and
Explosions

NFPA 664

Prevention of Fires and Explosions
in Wood Processing and
Woodworking Facilities

California Electrical
Code

Electrical Installations

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

199

200 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 14 - FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEO

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Cliapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

201

202 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 14

FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION

SECTION 1401
GENERAL

1401.1 Scope. This chapter shall apply to structures in the
course of construction, alteration, or demolition, including
those in underground locations. Compliance with NFPA 241 is
required for items not specifically addressed herein.

1401.2 Purpose. This chapter prescribes minimum safeguards
for construction, alteration, and demolition operations to pro-
vide reasonable safety to life and property from fire during
such operations.

SECTION 1402
DEFINITIONS

1402.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in
this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings
ascribed to them as defined therein.

SECTION 1403
TEMPORARY HEATING EQUIPMENT

1403.1 Listed. Temporary heating devices shall be listed and
labeled in accordance with the California Mechanical Code.
Installation maintenance and use of temporary heating devices
shall be in accordance with the terms of the listing.

1403.2 Oil-fired lieaters. Oil-fired heaters shall comply with
Section 603.

1403.3 LP-gas lieaters. Fuel supplies for hquefied-petroleum
gas-fii'ed heaters shall comply with Chapter 38 and the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code.

1403.4 Refueling. Refueling operations for liquid-fueled
equipment or appliances shall be conducted in accordance with
Section 3405. The equipment or appliance shall be allowed to
cool prior to refueling.

1403.5 Installation. Cleai'ance to combustibles from tempo-
rary heating devices shall be maintained in accordance with the
labeled equipment. When in operation, temporally heating
devices shall be fixed in place and protected from damage,
dislodgement or overturning in accordance with the manufac-
turer's instructions.

1403.6 Supervision. The use of temporaiy heating devices
shall be supervised and maintained only by competent person-
nel.

SECTION 1404
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE

1404.1 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited except in
approved areas. Signs shall be posted in accordance with Sec-
tion 310. In approved areas where smoking is permitted.

approved ashtrays shall be provided in accordance with Sec-
tion 310.

1404.2 Waste disposal. Combustible debris shall not be accu-
mulated within buildings. Combustible debris, rubbish and
waste material shall be removed from buildings at the end of
each shift of work. Combustible debris, rubbish and waste
material shall not be disposed of by burning on the site unless
approved.

1404.3 Open burning. Open burning shall comply with Sec-
tion 307.

1404.4 Spontaneous ignition. Materials susceptible to spon-
taneous ignition, such as oily rags, shall be stored in a listed dis-
posal container. .

1404.5' Fire watch. When required by the fire code official for
building demolition that is hazardous in nature, qualified per-
sonnel shall be provided to serve as an on-site fii"e watch. Fire
watch personnel shall be provided with at least one approved
means for notification of the fii-e depaitment and their sole duty
shall be to perform constant patrols and watch for the occur-
rence of fire.

1404.6 Cutting and welding. Operations involving the use of
cutting and welding shall be done in accordance with Chapter
26.

1404.7 Electrical. Temporaiy wiring for electrical power and
lighting installations used in connection with the construction,
alteration or demolition of buildings, structures, equipment or
similar activities shall comply with the California Electrical
Code.

SECTION 1405
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

1405.1 Storage of flammable and combustible liquids. Stor-
age of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accor-
dance with Section 3404.

1405.2 Class I and Class II liquids. The storage, use and han-
dling of flammable and combustible liquids at construction
sites shall be in accordance with Section 3406.2. Ventilation
shall be provided for operations involving the application of
materials containing flammable solvents.

1405.3 Housekeeping. Flammable and combustible liquid
storage ai'eas shall be maintained clear of combustible vegeta-
tion and waste materials. Such storage ai'eas shall not be used
for the storage of combustible materials.

1405.4 Precautions against fire. Sources of ignition and
smoking shall be prohibited in flammable and combustible liq-
uid storage areas. Signs shall be posted in accordance with
Section 310.

1405.5 Handling at point of final use. Class I and II liquids
shall be kept in approved safety containers.

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1405.6 Leakage and spills. Leaking vessels shall be immedi-
ately repaired or taken out of service and spills shall be cleaned
up and disposed of properly.

SECTION 1406
FLAMMABLE GASES

1406.1 Storage and handling. The storage, use and handling
of flammable gases shall comply with Chapter 35.

SECTION 1407
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS

1407.1 Storage and handling. Explosive materials shall be
stored, used and handled in accordance with Chapter 33.

1407.2 Supervision. Blasting operations shall be conducted in
accordance with Chapter 33.

1407.3 Demolition using explosives. Approved fire hoses for
use by demolition personnel shall be maintained at the demoli-
tion site whenever explosives are used for demolition. Such fire
hoses shall be connected to an approved water supply and shall
be capable of being brought to bear on post-detonation fires
anywhere on the site of the demolition operation.

SECTION 1408

OWNER'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIRE

PROTECTION

1408.1 Program superintendent. The owner shall designate a
person to be the Fire Prevention Program Superintendent who
shall be responsible for the fire prevention program and ensure
that it is carried out through completion of the project. The fire
prevention program superintendent shall have the authority to
enforce the provisions of this chapter and other provisions as
necessary to secure the intent of this chapter. Where guard ser-
vice is provided, the superintendent shall be responsible for the
guard service.

1408.2 Prefire plans. The fire prevention program superinten-
dent shall develop and maintain an approved prefire plan in
cooperation with the fire chief. The fire chief and the fire code
official shall be notified of changes affecting the utilization of
information contained in such prefire plans.

1408.3 Training. Training of responsible personnel in the use
of fire protection equipment shall be the responsibility of the
fire prevention program superintendent.

1408.4 Fire protection devices. The fire prevention program
superintendent shall determine that all fire protection equip-
ment is maintained and serviced in accordance with this code.
The quantity and type of fire protection equipment shall be
approved.

1408.5 Hot work operations. The fire prevention program
superintendent shall be responsible for supervising the permit
system for hot work operations in accordance with Chapter 26.

1408.6 Impairment of fire protection systems. Impairments
to any fire protection system shall be in accordance with Sec-
tion 901.

1408.7 Temporary covering of fire protection devices. Cov-
erings placed on or over fire protection devices to protect them
from damage during construction processes shall be immedi-
ately removed upon the completion of the construction pro-
cesses in the room or area in which the devices are installed.

SECTION 1409
FIRE REPORTING

1409.1 Emergency telephone. Readily accessible emergency
telephone facihties shall be provided in an approved location at
the construction site. The street address of the construction site
and the emergency telephone number of the fire department
shall be posted adjacent to the telephone.

SECTION 1410
ACCESS FOR FIRE FIGHTING

1410.1 Required access. Approved vehicle access for fire
fighting shall be provided to all construction or demoUtion
sites. Vehicle access shall be provided to within 100 feet (30
480 mm) of temporary or permanent fibre department connec-
tions. Vehicle access shall be provided by either temporary or
permanent roads, capable of supporting vehicle loading under
all weather conditions. Vehicle access shall be maintained until
permanent fire apparatus access roads are available.

1410.2 Key boxes. Key boxes shall be provided as required by
Chapter 5.

SECTION 1411
MEANS OF EGRESS

[B] 1411.1 Stairways required. Where a building has been
constructed to a height greater than 50 feet (15 240 mm) or four
stories, or where an existing building exceeding 50 feet (15 240
mm) in height is altered, at least one temporary Ughted stairway
shall be provided unless one or more of the permanent stair-
ways are erected as the construction progresses.

1411.2 Maintenance. Required means of egress shall be main-
tained during construction and demolition, remodeling or
alterations and additions to any building.

Exception: Approved temporary means of egress systems
and facilities.

SECTION 1412
WATER SUPPLY FOR FIRE PROTECTION

1412.1 When required. An approved water supply for fire
protection, either temporary or permanent, shall be made avail-
able as soon as combustible material anives on the site.

SECTION 1413
STANDPIPES

1413.1 Where required. Buildings four or more stories in
height shall be provided with not less than one standpipe for
use during construction. Such standpipes shall be installed
when the progress of construction is not more than 40 feet (12

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192 mm) in height above the lowest level of fire department
access. Such standpipe shall be provided with fire department
hose connections at accessible locations adjacent to usable
stairs. Such standpipes shall be extended as construction pro-
gresses to within one floor of the highest point of construction
having secured decking or flooring.

1413.2 Buildings being demolished. Where a building is
being demoHshed and a standpipe is existing within such a
building, such standpipe shall be maintained in an operable
condition so as to be available for use by the fire department.
Such standpipe shall be demolished with the building but shall
not be demolished more than one floor below the floor being
demolished.

1413.3 Detailed requirements. Standpipes shall be installed
in accordance with the provisions of Section 905.

Exception: Standpipes shall be either temporary or perma-
nent in 'nature, and with or without a water supply, provided
that such standpipes comply with the requirements of Sec-
tion 905 as to capacity, outlets and materials.

SECTION 1414
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM

1414.1 Completion before occupancy. In buildings where an
automatic sprinkler system is required by this code or the Cali-
fornia Building Code, it shall be unlawful to occupy any por-
tion of a building or structure until the automatic sprinkler
system installation has been tested and approved, except as
provided in Appendix Chapter 1, Section 105.3.3.

1414.2 Operation of valves. Operation of sprinkler control
valves shall be allowed only by properly authorized personnel
and shall be accompanied by notification of duly designated
parties. When the sprinkler protection is being regularly turned
off and on to facihtate connection of newly completed seg-
ments, the sprinkler control valves shall be checked at the end
of each work period to ascertain that protection is in service.

SECTION 1416
MOTORIZED EQUIPMENT

1416.1 Conditions of use. Internal-combustion-powered con-
sti'uction equipment shall be used in accordance with all of the
following conditions:

1. Equipment shall be located so that exhausts do not dis-
charge against combustible material.

2. Exhausts shall be piped to the outside of the building.

3. Equipment shall not be refueled while in operation.

4. Fuel for equipment shall be stored in an approved ai-ea
outside of the building.

SECTION 1417
SAFEGUARDING ROOFING OPERATIONS

1417.1 General. Roofing operations utilizing heat-producing
systems or other ignition sources shall be performed by a con-
tractor licensed and bonded for the type of roofing process to be
performed.

1417.2 Asphalt and tar kettles. Asphalt and tar kettles shall be
operated in accordance with Section 303.

1417.3 Fire extinguishers for roofing operations. Fire
extinguishers shall comply with Section 906. There shall be not
less than one multipurpose portable fire extinguisher with a
minimum 3-A 40-B:C rating on the roof being covered or
repaired.

SECTION 1415
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

1415.1 Where required. Structures under construction, alter-
ation or demolition shall be provided with not less than one
approved portable fire extinguisher in accordance with Section
906 and sized for not less than ordinary hazard as follows:

1. At each stairway on all floor levels where combustible
materials have accumulated.

2. In every storage and constniction shed.

3. Additional portable fire extinguishers shall be provided
where special hazards exist including, but not limited to,
the storage and use of flammable and combustible liq-
uids.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 15 - FLAMMABLE FINISHES

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DBA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Cliapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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FLAMMABLE FINISHES

SECTION 1501
GENERAL

1501.1 Scope. This chapter shall apply to locations or areas
where any of the following activities are conducted:

1. The application of flammable or combustible paint, var-
nish, lacquer, stain, fiberglass resins or other llammable
or combustible liquid applied by means of spray appara-
tus in continuous or intermittent processes.

2. Dip-tank operations in which articles or materials are
passed through contents of tanks, vats or containers of
flammable or combustible liquids, including coating,
finishing, treatment and similar processes.

3. The application of combustible powders when applied
by powder spray guns, electrostatic powder spray guns,
fluidized beds or electrostatic fluidized beds.

4. Floor surfacing or finishing operations in areas exceed-
ing 350 square feet (32.5 m^).

5. The application of dual-component coatings or Class I or
II liquids when applied by brush or roller in quantities ex-
ceeding 1 gallon (4 L).

6. Spraying and dipping operations.

1501.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in
Appendix Chapter 1, Sections 105.6 and 105.7.

SECTION 1502
DEFINITIONS

1502.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for
the puiposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

DETEARING. A process for rapidly removing excess wet
coating material from a dipped or coated object or material by
passing it through an electrostatic field.

DIP TANK. A tank, vat or container of flammable or combus-
tible liquid in which aiticles or materials are inamersed for the
purpose of coating, finishing, treating and similar processes.

ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED. A container holding
powder coating material that is aerated from below so as to
form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material that is
electrically charged with a charge opposite to that of the object
to be coated. Such object is transported through the container
immediately above the chai-ged and aerated materials in order
to be coated.

FLAMMABLE FINISHES. Material coatings in which the
material being applied is a flammable liquid, combustible liq-
uid, combustible powder or flammable or combustible gel
coating.

FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA. An area in which the con-
centi-ation of flammable constituents (vapor, gas, fume, mist or
dust) in ail" exceeds 25 percent of their lower flammable limit

(LFL) because of the flammable finish processes operation. It
shall include:

1. The interior of spray booths.

2. The interior of ducts exhausting from spraying pro-
cesses.

3. Any area in the direct path of spray or any area contain-
ing dangerous quantities of air-suspended powder, com-
bustible residue, dust, deposits, vapor or mists as a result
of spraying operations.

4. The area in the vicinity of dip tanks, drain boards or asso-
ciated drying, conveying or other equipment during op-
eration or shutdown periods.

The frre code official is authorized to determine the extent of
the flammable vapor area, taking into consideration the mate-
rial characteristics of the flammable materials, the degree of
sustained ventilation and the nature of the operations.

FLUIDIZED BED. A container holding powder coating
material that is aerated from below so as to form an aii-sup-
ported expanded cloud of such material through which the pre-
heated object to be coated is immersed and transported.

LIMITED SPRAYING SPACE. An area in which operations
for touch-up or spot painting of a surface area of 9 square feet
(0.84 m^) or less are conducted.

RESIN APPLICATION AREA. An ai-ea where reinforced
plastics are used to manufacture products by hand lay-up or
spray-fabrication methods.

ROLL COATING. The process of coating, spreading and
impregnating fabrics, paper or other materials as they are
passed directly through a tank or trough containing flammable ■
or combustible liquids, or over the surface of a roller revolving
partially submerged in a flammable or combustible Hquid.

SPRAY BOOTH. A mechanically ventilated appliance of
varying dimensions and construction provided to enclose or
accommodate a spraying operation and to confine and limit the
escape of spray vapor and residue and to exhaust it safely.

SPRAY ROOM. A room designed to accommodate spraying
operations constructed in accordance with the California
Building Code and sepai-ated from the remainder of the build-
ing by a minimum l-hour fire bairier.

SPRAYING SPACE. An ai-ea in which dangerous quantities
of flammable vapors or combustible residues, dusts or deposits
ai-e present due to the operation of spraying processes. The fire
code official is authorized to define the limits of the spraying
space in any specific case.

SECTION 1503
PROTECTION OF OPERATIONS

1503.1 General. Operations covered by this chapter shall be
protected as required by Sections 1503.2 through 1503.4.4.

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1503.2 Sources of ignition. Protection against sources of igni-
tion shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1503.2.1
through 1503.2.8.

1503.2.1 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wir-
ing and equipment shall comply with this chapter and the
California Electrical Code.

1503.2.1.1 Flammable vapor areas. Electrical wiring
and equipment in flammable vapor areas shall be of an
explosionproof type approved for use in such hazardous
locations. Such ai'eas shall be considered to be Class I,
Division 1 or Class II, Division 1 hazardous locations in
accordance with the California Electrical Code.

1503.2.1.2 Areas subject to deposits of residues. Elec-
trical equipment, flammable vapor areas or drying oper-
ations that are subject to splashing or dripping of liquids
shall be specifically approved for locations containing
deposits of readily ignitable residue and explosive
vapors.

Exceptions:

1 . This provision shall not apply to wiring in rigid
conduit, threaded boxes or fittings not contain-
ing taps, splices or terminal connections.

2. This provision shall not apply to electrostatic
equipment allowed by Section 1507.

In resin application areas, electrical wiring and equip-
ment that is subject to deposits of combustible residues
shall be Hsted for such exposure and shall be installed as
required for hazardous (classified) locations. Electrical
wiring and equipment not subject to deposits of combus-
tible residues shall be installed as required for ordinary
hazard locations.

1503.2.1.3 Areas adjacent to spray booths. Electrical
wiring and equipment located outside of, but within 5
feet (1524 mm) horizontally and 3 feet (914 mm) verti-
cally of openings in a spray booth or a spray room, shall
be approved for Class I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2
hazardous locations, whichever is applicable.

1503.2.1.4 Areas subject to overspray deposits. Elec-
trical equipment in flanunable vapor areas located such
that deposits of combustible residues could readily accu-
mulate thereon shall be specifically approved for loca-
tions containing deposits of readily ignitable residue and
explosive vapors in accordance with the California Elec-
trical Code.

Exceptions:

1. Wiring in rigid conduit.

2. Boxes or fittings not containing taps, splices or
terminal connections.

3. Equipment allowed by Sections 1504 and 1507
and Chapter 21.

1503.2.2 Open flames and sparks. Open flames and
spark-producing devices shall not be located in flammable
vapor areas and shall not be located within 20 feet (6096
mm) of such areas unless separated by a permanent parti-
tion.

Exception: Drying and baking apparatus complying
with Section 1504.6.1.2.

1503.2.3 Hot surfaces. Heated surfaces having a tempera-
ture sufficient to ignite vapors shall not be located in flam-
mable vapor areas. Space-heating appliances, steam pipes
or hot surfaces in a flammable vapor area shall be located
such that they are not subject to accumulation of deposits of
combustible residues.

Exception: Drying apparatus complying with Section
1504.6.1.2.

1503.2.4 Equipment enclosures. Equipment or apparatus
that is capable of producing sparks or particles of hot metal
that would fall into a flammable vapor area shall be totally
enclosed.

1503.2.5 Grounding. Metal parts of spray booths, exhaust
ducts and piping systems conveying Class I or II liquids
shall be electrically grounded in accordance with the Cali-
fornia Electrical Code. Metallic parts located in resin appli-
cation areas, including but not limited to exhaust ducts,
ventilation fans, spray application equipment, workpieces
and piping, shall be electrically grounded.

1503.2.6 Smoking prohibited. Smoking shall be prohib-
ited in flammable vapor areas and hazardous materials stor-
age rooms associated with flammable finish processes. "No
Smoking" signs complying with Section 310 shall be con-
spicuously posted in such areas.

1503.2.7 Welding warning signs. Welding, cutting and
similar spark-producing operations shall not be conducted
in or adjacent to flammable vapor areas or dipping or coat-
ing operations unless precautions have been taken to pro-
vide safety. Conspicuous signs with the following warning
shall be posted in the vicinity of flammable vapor areas, dip-
ping operations and paint storage rooms:

NO WELDING
THE USE OF WELDING OR CUTTING
EQUIPMENT IN OR NEAR THIS AREA

IS DANGEROUS BECAUSE OF FIRE

AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS. WELDING

AND CUTTING SHALL BE DONE ONLY

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE

PERSON IN CHARGE.

1503.2.8 Powered industrial trucks. Powered industrial
trucks used in electrically classified areas shall be listed for
such use.

1503.3 Storage, use and handling of flammable and com-
bustible liquids. The storage, use and handling of flammable
and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this section
and Chapter 34.

1503.3.1 Use. Containers supplying spray nozzles shall be
of a closed type or provided with metal covers, which are
kept closed. Containers not resting on floors shall be on
noncombustible supports or suspended by wire cables. Con-
tainers supplying spray nozzles by gravity flow shall not
exceed 10 gallons (37.9 L) in capacity.

1503.3.2 Valves. Containers and piping to which a hose or
flexible connection is attached shall be provided with a shut-

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off valve at the connection. Such valves shall be kept shut
when hoses ai'e not in use.

1503.3.3 Pumped liquid supplies. Where flanunable or
combustible liquids ai'e supplied to spray nozzles by posi-
tive displacement pumps, pump discharge lines shall be pro-
vided with an approved relief valve discharging to pump
suction or a safe detached location.

1503.3.4 Liquid transfer. Where a flammable mixture is
transferred from one portable container to another, a bond
shall be provided between the two containers. At least one
container shall be grounded. Piping systems for Class I and
n liquids shall be permanently grounded.

1503.3.5 Class I liquids as solvents. Class I liquids used as
solvents shall be used in spray gun and equipment cleaning
machines that have been Usted and approved for such pur-
pose or shall be used in spray booths or spray rooms in
accordance with Sections 1503.3.5.1 and 1503.3.5.2.

1503.3.5.1 Listed devices. Cleaning machines for spray
guns and equipment shall not be located in areas open to
the public and shall be separated from ignition sources in
accordance with theii- listings or by a distance of 3 feet
(914 mm), whichever is greater. The quantity of solvent
used in a machine shall not exceed the design capacity of
the machine.

1503.3.5.2 Within spray booths and spray rooms.

When solvents are used for cleaning spray nozzles and
auxiliary equipment within spray booths and spray
rooms, the ventilating equipment shall be operated dur-
ing cleaning.

1503.3.6 Class 11 and III liquids. Solvents used outside of
spray booths, spray rooms or listed and approved spray gun
and equipment cleaning machines shall be restricted to
Class II and III liquids.

1503.4 Operations and maintenance. Flammable vapor
ai-eas, exhaust fan blades and exhaust ducts shall be kept free
from the accumulation of deposits of combustible residues.
Where excessive residue accumulates in such areas, spraying
operations shall be discontinued until conditions are corrected.

1503.4.1 Tools. Scrapers, spuds and other tools used for
cleaning purposes shall be constructed of nonsparking
materials.

1503.4.2 Residue. Residues removed during cleaning and
debris contaminated with residue shall be immediately
removed from the premises and properly disposed.

1503.4.3 Waste cans. Approved metal waste cans equipped
with self-closing lids shall be provided wherever rags or
waste ai-e impregnated with finishing material. Such rags
and waste shall be deposited therein immediately after
being utilized. The contents of waste cans shall be properly
disposed of at least once daily and at the end of each shift.

1503.4.4 Solvent recyding. Solvent distillation equipment
used to recycle and clean dirty solvents shall comply with
Section 3405.4.

SECTION 1504
SPRAY FINISHING

1504.1 General. The application of flammable or combustible
hquids by means of spray appai-atus in continuous or intermit-
tent processes shall be in accordance with the requirements of
Sections 1503 and 1504.

1504.2 Location of spray-finishing operations. Spray finish-
ing operations conducted in buildings used for Group A, E, I or
R occupancies shall be located in a spray room protected with
an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accor-
dance with Section 903.3 . 1 . 1 and separated vertically and hori-
zontally from other areas in accordance with the California
Building Code. In other occupancies, spray-finishing opera-
tions shall be conducted in a spray room, spray booth or spray-
ing space approved for such use.

Exceptions:

1. Automobile undercoating spray operations and
spray-on automotive lining operations conducted in
areas with approved natural or mechanical ventilation
shall be exempt from the provisions of Section 1504
when approved and where utilizing Class niA or IIIB
combustible liquids.

2. In buildings other than Group A, E, I or R occupan-
cies, approved hmited spraying space in accordance
with Section 1504.9.

3 . Resin application areas used for manufacturing of re-
inforced plastics complying with Section 1509 shall
not be required to be located in a spray room, spray
booth or spraying space.

1504.3 Design and construction. Design and construction of
spray rooms, spray booths and spray spaces shall be in accor-
dance with Sections 1504.3 through 1504.3.3.1.

1504.3.1 Spray rooms. Spray rooms shall be constructed
and designed in accordance with this section and the Cali-
fornia Building Code, and shall comply with Sections
1504.4 through 1504.8.

1504.3.1.1 Floor. Combustible floor consfruction in
spray rooms shall be covered by approved,
noncombustible, nonsparking material, except where
combustible coverings, including but not limited to thin
paper or plastic and stiippable coatings, ai^e utihzed over
noncombustible materials to facilitate cleaning opera-
tions in spray rooms.

1504.3.2 Spray booths. The design and construction of
spray booths shall be in accordance with Sections
1504.3.2.1 through 1504.3.2.6, Sections 1504.4 through
1504.8 and NFPA 33.

1504.3.2.1 Construction. Spray booths shall be con-
structed of approved noncombustible materials. Alumi-
num shall not be used. Where walls or ceiling assemblies
are constructed of sheet metal, single-skin assemblies
shall be no thinner than 0.0478 inch (18 gage) (1.2 mm)
and each sheet of double-skin assemblies shall be no
thinner than 0.0359 inch (20 gage) (0.9 mm). Structural
sections of spray booths are allowed to be sealed with
latex-based or similar caulks and sealants.

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1504.3.2.2 Surfaces. The interior surfaces of spray
booths shall be smooth; shall be constructed so as to per-
mit the free passage of exhaust air from all parts of the
interior, and to facilitate washing and cleaning; and shall
be designed to confine residues within the booth. Alumi-
num shall not be used.

1504.3.2.3 Floor. Combustible floor construction in
spray booths shall be covered by approved,
noncombustible, nonsparking material, except where
combustible coverings, including but not Umited to thin
paper or plastic and strippable coatings, are utilized over
noncombustible materials to facilitate cleaning opera-
tions in spray booths.

1504.3.2.4 Means of egress. Means of egress shall be
provided in accordance with Chapter 10.

Exception: Means of egress doors from
premanufactured spray booths shall not be less than
30 inches (762 mm) in width by 80 inches (2032 mm)
in height.

1504.3.2.5 Clear space. Spray booths shall be installed
so that all parts of the booth are readily accessible for
cleaning. A clear space of not less than 3 feet (914 mm)
shall be maintained on all sides of the spray booth. This
clear space shall be kept free of any storage or combusti-
ble construction.

Exceptions:

1. This requirement shall not prohibit locating a
spray booth closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to or di-
rectly against an interior partition, wall or
floor/ceiUng assembly that has a fire-resistance
rating of not less than 1 hour, provided the spray
booth can be adequately maintained and
cleaned.

2. This requirement shall not prohibit locating a
spray booth closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to an
exterior wall or a roof assembly, provided the
wall or roof is constructed of noncombustible
material and the spray booth can be adequately
maintained and cleaned.

1504.3.2.6 Size. The aggregate area of spray booths in a
building shall not exceed the lesser of 10 percent of the
area of any floor of a building or the basic area allowed
for a Group H-2 occupancy without area increases, as set
forth in the California Building Code. The ai"ea of an
individual spray booth in a building shall not exceed the
lesser of the aggregate size limit or 1,500 square feet
(139 m2).

Exception: One individual booth not exceeding 500
square feet (46 m^).

1504.3.3 Spraying spaces. Spraying spaces shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with the California
Building Code and Sections 1504.3.3.1 and 1504.4 and
through 1504.8 of this code.

1504.3.3.1 Floor. Combustible floor construction in
spraying spaces shall be covered by approved,
noncombustible nonsparking material, except where
combustible coverings, such as thin paper or plastic and
strippable coatings, are utilized over noncombustible
materials to facilitate cleaning operations in spraying
spaces.

1504.4 Fire protection. Spray booths and spray rooms shall be
protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system
complying with Chapter 9. Protection shall also extend to
exhaust plenums, exhaust ducts and both sides of dry filters
when such filters are used.

1504.4.1 Fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers
complying with Section 906 shall be provided for spraying
areas in accordance with the requirements for an extra
(high) hazard occupancy.

1504.5 Housekeeping, maintenance and storage of hazard-
ous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of
hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections
1503.3, 1503.4, 1504.5.1 and 1504.5.2.

1504.5.1 Different coatings. Spray booths, spray rooms
and spraying spaces shall not be alternately utilized for dif-
ferent types of coating materials where the combination of
materials is conducive to spontaneous ignition, unless all
deposits of one material are removed from the booth, room
or space and exhaust ducts prior to spraying with a different
material.

1504.5.2 Protection of sprinklers. Automatic sprinklers
installed in flammable vapor areas shall be protected from
the accumulation of residue from spraying operations in an
approved manner. Bags used as a protective covering shall
be 0.003-inch-thick (0.076 mm) polyethylene or cellophane
or shall be thin paper. Automatic sprinlders contaminated
by overspray particles shall be replaced with new automatic
sprinklers.

1504.6 Sources of ignition. Control of sources of ignition shall
be in accordance with Sections 1503.2 and 1504.6.1 through
1504.6.2.4.

1504.6.1 Drying operations. Spray booths and spray
rooms shall not be alternately used for the purpose of drying
by arrangements or methods that could cause an increase in
the surface temperature of the spray booth or spray room
except in accordance with Sections 1504.6.1.1 and
1504.6.1.2. Except as specifically provided in this section,
drying or balcing units utilizing a heating system having
open flames or that are capable of producing sparks shall not
be installed in a flammable vapor ai'eas.

1504.6.1.1 Spraying procedure. The spraying proce-
dure shall use low- volume spray application.

1504.6.1.2 Drying apparatus. Fixed drying apparatus
shall comply with this chapter and the applicable provi-
sions of Chapter 21. When recirculation ventilation is
provided in accordance with Section 1504.7.2, the heat-
ing system shall not be within the reckculation air path.

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1504.6.1.2.1 Interlocks. The spraying apparatus,
drying apparatus and ventilating system for the spray
booth or spray room shall be equipped with interlocks
aiTanged to:

1. Prevent operation of the spraying apparatus
while drying operations ai-e in progress.

2. Purge spray vapors from the spray booth or
spray room for a period of not less than 3 min-
utes before the drying apparatus is rendered op-
erable.

3. Have the ventilating system maintain a safe at-
mosphere within the spray booth or spray room
during the drying process and automatically
shut off drying apparatus in the event of a fail-
ure of the ventilating system.

4. Shut off the drying apparatus automatically if
the air temperature within the booth exceeds
200°F (93°C).

1504.6.1.2.2 Portable infrared apparatus. When a
portable infrared drying apparatus is used, electrical
wiring and portable infrared drying equipment shall
comply with the California Electrical Code. Electri-
cal equipment located within 18 inches (457 mm) of
floor level shall be approved for Class I, Division 2
hazai'dous locations. Metallic parts of drying appara-
tus shall be electrically bonded and grounded. During
spraying operations, portable drying apparatus and
electrical connections and wiring thereto shall not be
located within spray booths, spray rooms or other
areas where spray residue would be deposited
thereon.

1504.6.2 Illumination. Where spraying spaces, spray
rooms or spray booths are illuminated through glass panels
or other transparent materials, only fixed luminaires shall be
utilized as a source of illumination.

1504.6.2.1 Glass panels. Panels for luminaires or for
observation shall be of heat-treated glass, wired glass or
hammered wire glass and shall be sealed to confine
vapors, mists, residues, dusts and deposits to the flamma-
ble vapor ai'ea. Panels for luminaires shall be separated
from the luminaire to prevent the surface temperature of
the panel from exceeding 200°F (93°C).

1504.6.2.2 Exterior luminaires. Luminaires attached to
the walls or ceilings of a flammable vapor ai-ea, but out-
side of any classified area and separated from the flam-
mable vapor ai'eas by vapor-tight glass panels, shall be
suitable for use in ordinaiy hazai-d locations. Such
luminaires shall be serviced from outside the flammable
vapor ai'eas.

1504.6.2.3 Integral luminaires. Luminaires that ai'e an
integral part of the walls or ceiling of a flammable vapor
area are allowed to be separated from the flammable
vapor area by glass panels that are an integral part of the
luminaire. Such luminaires shall be Usted for use in Class
I, Division 2 or Class II, Division 2 locations, whichever
is applicable, and also shall be suitable for accumulations
of deposits of combustible residues. Such luminau'es ai-e

allowed to be serviced from inside the flammable vapor
area.

1504.6.2.4 Portable electric lamps. Portable electric
lamps shall not be used in flammable vapor areas during
spraying operations. Portable electric lamps used during
cleaning or repairing operations shall be of a type
approved for hazardous locations.

1504.7 Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation of flammable
vapor areas shall be provided in accordance with Section 510
of the California Mechanical Code.

1504.7.1 Operation. Mechanical ventilation shall be kept
in operation at all times while spraying operations are being
conducted and for a sufficient time thereafter to allow
vapors from drying coated articles and finishing material
residue to be exhausted. Spraying equipment shall be inter-
locked with the ventilation of the flammable vapor areas
such that spraying operations cannot be conducted unless
the ventilation system is in operation.

1504.7.2 Recirculation. Air exhausted from spraying oper-
ations shall not be recirculated.

Exceptions:

1 . Air exhausted from spraying operations is allowed
to be recirculated as makeup air for unmanned
spray operations, provided that:

1.1. The solid particulate has been removed.

1.2. The vapor concentration is less than 25
percent of the LFL.

1.3. Approved equipment is used to monitor the
vapor concentration.

1.4. When the vapor concentration exceeds 25
percent of the LFL, the following shall oc-
cur:

a. An alarm shall sound; and

b. Spray operations shall automatically
shut down.

1.5. In the event of shutdown of the vapor con-
centration monitor, 100 percent of the air
volume specified in the California Me-
chanical Code is automatically exhausted.

2. Air exhausted from spraying operations is allowed
to be recirculated as makeup air to manned spray-
ing operations where all of the conditions provided
in Exception 1 are included in the installation and
documents have been prepared to show that the in-
stallation does not pose a life safety hazard to per-
sonnel inside the spray booth, spraying space or
spray room. .

1504.7.3 Air velocity. Ventilation systems shall be
designed, installed and maintained such that the average air
velocity over the open face of the booth, or booth cross sec-
tion in the direction of airflow during spraying operations,
shall not be less than 100 feet per minute (0.51 m/s).

1504.7.4 Ventilation obstruction. Articles being sprayed
shall be positioned in a manner that does not obstruct collec-
tion of overspray.

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1504.7.5 Independent ducts. Each spray booth and spray
room shall have an independent exhaust duct system dis-
charging to the outside.

Exceptions:

1. Multiple spray booths having a combined frontal
area of 1 8 square feet (1 .67 m^) or less are allowed
to have a common exhaust when identical spray
finishing material is used in each booth. If more
than one fan serves one booth, fans shall be inter-
connected such that all fans will operate
simultaneously.

2. Where treatment of exhaust is necessary for air
pollution control or for energy conservation, ducts
shall be allowed to be manifolded if all of the fol-
lowing conditions are met:

2.1. The sprayed materials used are compatible
and will not react or cause ignition of the
residue in the ducts.

2.2. Nitrocellulose-based finishing material
shall not be used.

2.3. A filtering system shall be provided to re-
duce the amount of overspray carried into
the duct manifold.

2.4. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be
provided at the junction of each booth ex-
haust with the manifold, in addition to the
protection required by this chapter.

1504.7.6 Termination point. The termination point for
exhaust ducts discharging to the atmosphere shall not be
less than the following distances:

1. Ducts conveying explosive or flammable vapors,
fumes or dusts: 30 feet (9144 mm) from the property
line; 10 feet (3048 mm) from openings into the build-
ing; 6 feet (1829 nun) from exterior walls and roofs;
30 feet (9144 mm) from combustible walls or open-
ings into the building that are in the direction of the
exhaust discharge; 10 feet (3048 mm) above
adjoining grade.

2. Other product-conveying outlets: 10 feet (3048 mm)
firom the property line; 3 feet (914 mm) from exterior
walls and roofs; 10 feet (3048 mm) from openings
into the building; 10 feet (3048 mm) above adjoining
grade.

1504.7.7 Fan motors and belts. Electiic motors driving
exhaust fans shall not be placed inside booths or ducts. Fan
rotating elements shall be nonferrous or nonsparking or the
casing shall consist of, or be lined with, such material. Belts
shaU not enter the duct or booth unless the belt and pulley
within the duct are tightly enclosed.

1504.7.8 Filters. Air intake filters that are part of a wall or
ceiling assembly shall be Hsted as Class I or II in accordance
with UL 900. Exhaust filters shall be required.

1504.7.8.1 Supports. Supports and holders for filters
shall be consti'ucted of noncombustible materials.

1504.7.8.2 Attacliment. Overspray collection filters
shall be readily removable and accessible for cleaning or
replacement.

1504.7.8.3 Maintaining air velocity. Visible gauges,
audible alarms or pressure-activated devices shall be
installed to indicate or ensure that the required air veloc-
ity is maintained.

1504.7.8.4 Filter rolls. Spray booths equipped with a fil-
ter roll that is automatically advanced when the air veloc-
ity is reduced to less than 1 00 feet per minute (0.51 m/s)
shall be arranged to shut down the spraying operation if
the filter roll fails to advance automatically.

1504.7.8.5 Filter disposal. Discarded filter pads shall be
immediately removed to a safe, detached location or
placed in a noncombustible container with a tight-fitting
lid and disposed of properly.

1504.7.8.6 Spontaneous ignition. Spray booths using
diy filters shall not be used for spraying materials that are
highly susceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition.
Filters shall be changed prior to spraying materials that
could react with other materials previously collected. An
example of a potentially reactive combination includes
lacquer when combined with varnishes, stains or
primers.

1504.7.8.7 Waterwash spray booths. Waterwash spray
booths shall be of an approved design so as to prevent
excessive accumulation of deposits in ducts and residue
at duct outlets. Such booths shall be arranged so that air
and overspray are drawn through a continuously flowing
water curtain before entering an exhaust duct to the
building exterior.

1504.8 Interlocks. Interlocks for spray application finishes
shall be in accordance with Secdons 1504.8.1 through
1504.8.2.

1504.8.1 Automated spray application operations.

Where protecting automated spray application operations,
automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be equipped
with an approved interlock feature that wiU, upon discharge
of the system, automatically stop the spraying operations
and workpiece conveyors into and out of the flammable
vapor areas. Where the building is equipped with a fire
alarm system, discharge of the automatic fire-extinguishing
system shall also activate the building alarm notification
appliances.

1504.8.1.1 Alarm station. A manual fire alarm and
emergency system shutdown station shall be installed to
serve each flammable vapor ai'ea. When activated, the
station shall accomplish the functions indicated in Sec-
tion 1504.8.1.

1504.8.1.2 Alarm station location. At least one manual
fire alarm and emergency system shutdown station shall
be readily accessible to operating personnel. Where
access to this station is likely to involve exposure to dan-
ger, an additional station shall be located adjacent to an
exit from the area.

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1504.8.2 Ventilation interlock prohibited. Air makeup
and flammable vapor area exhaust systems shall not be
interlocked with the fire alarm system and shall remain in
operation during a fire alarm condition.

Exception: Where the type of fire-extinguishing system
used requires such ventilation to be discontinued, air
makeup and exhaust systems shall shut down and damp-
ers shall close.

1504.9 Limited spraying spaces. Limited spraying spaces
shall comply with Sections 1504.9.1 through 1504.9.4.

1504.9.1 Job size. The aggregate surface area to be sprayed
shall not exceed 9 square feet (0.84 m^).

1504.9.2 Frequency. Spraying operations shall not be of a
continuous nature.

1504.9.3 Ventilation. Positive mechanical ventilation pro-
viding a minimum of six complete air changes per hour shall
be installed. Such system shall meet the requirements of this
code for handling flammable vapor areas. Explosion vent-
ing is not required.

1504.9.4 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring within 10 feet
(3048 mm) of the floor and 20 feet (6096 mm) horizontally
of the limited spraying space shall be designed for Class I,
Division 2 locations in accordance with the California Elec-
trical Code.

SECTION 1505
DIPPING OPERATIONS

1505.1 General. Dip-tank operations shall comply with the
requirements of Section 1503 and this section.

1505.2 Location of dip-tank operations. Dip-tank operations
conducted in buildings used for Group A, I or R occupancies
shall be located in a room designed for that purpose, equipped
with an approved automatic sprinkler system and separated
vertically and horizontally from other areas in accordance with
the California Building Code.

1505.3 Construction of dip tanks. Dip tanks shall be con-
structed in accordance with Sections 1505.3.1 through
1505.3.4.3 and NFPA 34. Dip tanks, including drain boards, ■
shall be constiucted of noncombustible material and their sup-
ports shall be of heavy metal, reinforced concrete or masonry.

1505.3.1 Overflow. Dip tanks greater than 150 gallons (568
L) in capacity or 10 squai'e feet (0.93 m^) in liquid surface
area shall be equipped with a trapped overflow pipe leading
to an approved location outside the building. The bottom of
the overflow connection shall not be less than 6 inches (152
mm) below the top of the tank.

1505.3.2 Bottom drains. Dip tanks greater than 500 gallons
(1893 L) in liquid capacity shall be equipped with bottom
drains that are arranged to automatically and manually drain
the tank quickly in the event of a fire unless the viscosity of
the liquid at normal atmospheric temperature makes this
impractical. Manual operation shall be from a safe, accessi-
ble location. Where gravity flow is not practicable, auto-
matic pumps shall be provided. Such drains shall be trapped

and discharged to a closed, vented salvage tank or to an
approved outside location.

Exception: Dip tanks containing Class IIIB combustible
liquids where the liquids are not heated above room tem-
perature and the process area is protected by automatic
sprinklers.

1505.3.3 Dipping liquid temperature control. Protection
against the accumulation of vapors, self-ignition and exces-
sively high temperatures shall be provided for dipping liq-
uids that are heated directly or heated by the surfaces of the
object being dipped.

1505.3.4 Dip-tank covers. Dip-tank covers allowed by
Section 1505.4. 1 shall be capable of manual operation and
shall be automatic closing by approved automatic-closing
devices designed to operate in the event of a fire.

1505.3.4.1 Construction. Covers shall be constructed of
noncombustible material or be of a tin-clad type with
enclosing metal applied with locked joints.

1505.3.4.2 Supports. Chain or wire rope shall be uti-
lized for cover supports or operating mechanisms.

1505.3.4.3 Closed covers. Covers shall be kept closed
when tanks are not in use.

1505.4 Fire protection. Dip-tank operations shall be protected
in accordance with Sections 1505.4.1 through 1504.4.2.

1505.4.1 Fixed fire-extinguishing equipment. An

approved automatic fire-extinguishing system or dip-tank
cover in accordance with Section 1505.3.4 shall be provided
for the following dip tanks:

1. Dip tanks less than 150 gallons (568 L) in capacity or
10 square feet (0.93 m^) in liquid surface area.

2. Dip tanks containing a liquid with a flash point below
1 10°F (43 °C) used in such manner that the liquid tem-
perature could equal or be greater than its flash point
from artificial or natural causes, and having both a ca-
pacity of more than 10 gallons (37.9 L) and a liquid
surface area of more than 4 square feet (0.37 m^).

1505.4.1.1 Fire-extinguishing system. An approved
automatic fu:e-extinguishing system shall be provided
for dip tanks with a 150-gallon (568 L) or more capacity
or 10 square feet (0.93 m^) or lai-ger in a liquid surface
area. Fire-extinguishing system design shall be in accor-
dance with NFPA 34.

1505.4.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Areas in the vicinity
of dip tanks shall be provided with portable fire
extinguishers complying with Section 906 and suitable for
flammable and combustible liquid fires as specified for
extra (high) hazard occupancies.

1505.5 Housekeeping, maintenance and storage of hazard-
ous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of
hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections
1503.3 and 1503.4.

1505.6 Sources of ignition. Contirol of sources of ignition shall
be in accordance with Section 1503.2.

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1505.7 Ventilation of flammable vapor areas. Flammable
vapor areas shall be provided with mechanical ventilation ade-
quate to prevent the dangerous accumulation of vapors.
Required ventilation systems shall be arranged such that the
failure of any ventilating fan shall automatically stop the
dipping conveyor system.

1505.8 Conveyor interlock. Dip tanlcs utihzing a conveyor
system shall be aiTanged such that in the event of a fire, the con-
veyor system shall automatically cease motion and the required
tank bottom drains shall open.

1505.9 Hardening and tempering tanks. Hardening and tem-
pering tanks shall comply with Sections 1505.3 through
1505.3.3, 1505.4.2 and 1505.8 but shall be exempt from other
provisions of Section 1505.

1505.9.1 Location. Tanks shall be located as far as practical
from furnaces and shall not be located on or near combusti-
ble floors.

1505.9.2 Hoods. Tanks shall be provided with a
noncombustible hood and vent or other approved venting
means, terminating outside of the structure to serve as a vent
in case of a fire. Such vent ducts shall be treated as flues and
proper clearances shall be maintained from combustible
materials.

1505.9.3 Alarms. Tanks shall be equipped with a high-tem-
perature limit switch arranged to sound an alarm when the
temperature of the quenching medium reaches 50°F (10°C)
below the flash point.

1505.9.4 Fire protection. Hardening and tempering tanks
greater than 500 gallons (1893 L) in capacity or 25 square
feet (2.3 m^) in liquid surface area shall be protected by an
approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying
with Chapter 9.

1505.9.5 Use of air pressure. Air under pressure shall not
be used to fill or agitate oil in tanks.

1505.10 Flow-coating operations. Flow-coating operations
shall comply with the requirements for dip tanks. The area of
the sump and any areas on which paint flows shall be consid-
ered to be the area of a dip tank.

1505.10.1 Paint supply. Paint shall be supplied by a gravity
tank not exceeding 10 gallons (38 L) in capacity or by direct
low-pressure pumps arranged to shut down automatically in
case of a fire by means of approved heat-actuated devices.

1505.11 RoII-coating operations. Roll-coating operations
shall comply with Section 1505.10. In roll-coating operations
utilizing flammable or combustible liquids, sparks from static
electricity shall be prevented by electrically bonding and
grounding all metallic rotating and other parts of machinery
and equipment and by the installation of static collectors, or by
maintaining a conductive atmosphere such as a high relative
humidity.

SECTION 1506
POWDER COATING

1506.1 General. Operations using finely ground particles of
protective finishing material applied in dry powder form by a

fluidized bed, an electrostatic fluidized bed, powder spray guns
or electrostatic powder spray guns shall comply with this sec-
tion. In addition to Section 1506, Section 1507 shall apply to
fixed electrostatic equipment used in powder coating
operations.

1506.2 Location. Powder coating operations shall be con-
ducted in enclosed rooms constructed and protected in accor-
dance with Section 1506.

1506.3 Construction of powder coating rooms and booths.

Powder coating rooms and booths shall be constructed of
noncombustible materials, enclosed powder coating facilities
that are ventilated or ventilated spray booths complying with
Section 1504.3.2.

Exception: Listed spray-booth assemblies that are con-
structed of other materials shall be allowed.

1506.4 Fire protection. Areas used for powder coating shall
be protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing sys-
tem complying with Chapter 9.

1506.4.1 Additional protection for fixed systems. Auto-
mated powder application equipment shall be protected by
the installation of an approved, supervised flame detection
apparatus that shall react to the presence of flame within 0.5
second and shall accomphsh all of the following:

1 . Shutting down of energy suppUes (electiical and com-
pressed air) to conveyor, ventilation, application,
transfer and powder collection equipment.

2. Closing of segregation dampers in associated
ductwork to interrupt airflow from application equip-
ment to powder collectors.

3. Activation of an alarm that is audible throughout the
powder coating room or booth.

1506.4.2 Fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers
complying with Section 906 shall be provided for areas used
for powder coating in accordance with the requirements for
an extra hazard occupancy.

1506.5 Operation and maintenance. Powder coating areas
shall be kept free from the accumulation of powder coating
dusts, including horizontal surfaces such as ledges, beams,
pipes, hoods, booths and floors.

1506.5.1 Cleaning. Surfaces shall be cleaned in such a man-
ner so as to avoid scattering dusts to other places or creating
dust clouds. Vacuum sweeping equipment shall be of a type
approved for use in hazardous locations.

1506.6 Sources of ignition. Conti-ol of sources of ignition shall
be in accordance with Sections 1503.2 and 1506.6.1 through
1506.6.4.

1506.6.1 Drying, curing and fusion equipment. Drying,
curing and fusion equipment shall comply with Chapter 2 1 .

1506.6.2 Spark-producing metals. Iron or spark-produc-
ing metals shall be prevented from being introduced into the
powders being applied by magnetic separators, filter-type
separators or by other approved means.

1506.6.3 Preheated parts. When parts are heated prior to
coating, the temperature of the parts shall not exceed the
ignition temperature of the powder to be used.

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1506.6.4 Grounding and bonding. Precautions shall be
taken to minimize the possibility of ignition by static electii-
cal spai'ks through static bonding and grounding, where
possible, of powder transport, application and recovery
equipment.

1506.7 Ventilation. Exhaust ventilation shall be sufficient to
maintain the atmosphere below one-half the minimum explo-
sive concentration for the material being applied.
Nondeposited, air-suspended powders shall be removed
through exhaust ducts to the powder recovery system.

SECTION 1507
ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS

1507.1 General. Electrostatic apparatus and devices used in
connection with paint-spraying and paint-detearing operations
shall be of an approved type.

1507.2 Location and clear space. A space of at least twice the
sparking distance shall be maintained between goods being
painted or deteared and electrodes, electrostatic atomizing
heads or conductors. A sign stating the sparking distance shall
be conspicuously posted near the assembly.

1507.3 Construction of equipment. Electrodes and electro-
static atomizing heads shall be of approved construction, rig-
idly supported in permanent locations and effectively insulated
from ground. Insulators shall be nonporous and
noncombustible.

1507.3.1 Barriers. Booths, fencing, railings or guards shall
be placed about the equipment such that either by their loca-
tion or character, or both, isolation of the process is main-
tained from plant storage and personnel. Raihngs, fencing
and guards shall be of conductive material, adequately
grounded and shall be at least 5 feet (1524 mm) from pro-
cessing equipment.

1507.4 Fire protection. Ai'eas used for electrostatic spray fin-
ishing with fixed equipment shall be protected with an
approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with
Chapter 9 and Section 1507.4. 1.

1507.4.1 Protection for automated liquid electrostatic
spray application equipment. Automated liquid electio-
static spray application equipment shall be protected by the
installation of an approved, supervised flame detection
apparatus that shall, in the event of ignition, react to the
presence of flame within 0.5 second and shall accompUsh
all of the following:

1 . Activation of a local alarm in the vicinity of the spray-
ing operation and activation of the building alarm sys-
tem, if such a system is provided.

2. Shutting down of the coating material delivery sys-
tem.

3. Termination of all spray application operations.

4. Stopping of conveyors into and out of the flammable
vapor ai^eas.

5. Disconnection of power to the high-voltage elements
in the flammable vapor areas and disconnection of
power to the system.

1507.5 Housekeeping, maintenance and storage of hazard-
ous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of
hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections
1503.3, 1503.4 and Sections 1507.5.1 and 507.5.2.

1507.5.1 Maintenance. Insulators shall be kept clean and
dry. Drip plates and screens subject to paint deposits shall be
removable and taken to a safe place for cleaning.

1507.5.2 Signs. Signs shall be posted to provide the follow-
ing information:

1 . Designate the process zone as dangerous with respect
to fire and accident.

2. Identify the grounding requii^ements for all electri-
cally conductive objects in the flammable vapor area,
including persons.

3. Restrict access to qualified personnel only.

1507.6 Sources of ignition. Transformers, power packs, con-
trol apparatus and all other electrical portions of the equipment,
except high-voltage grids and electrostatic atomizing heads
and connections, shall be located outside of the flammable
vapor areas or shall comply with Section 1503.2.

1507.7 Ventilation. The flammable vapor area shall be venti-
lated in accordance with Section 1504.7.

1507.8 Emergency shutdown. Electrostatic apparatus shall be
equipped with automatic controls operating without time delay
to disconnect the power supply to the high- voltage transformer
and signal the operator under any of the following conditions:

1. Stoppage of ventilating fans or failure of ventilating
equipment from any cause.

2. Stoppage of the conveyor carrying articles past the
high- voltage grid.

3. Occurrence of a ground or an imminent ground at any
point of the high- voltage system.

4. Reduction of clearance below that required in Section
1507.2.

1507.9 Ventilation interlock. Hand electi-ostatic equipment
shall be interlocked with the ventilation system for the spraying
area so that the equipment cannot be operatedunless the venti-
lating system is in operation.

SECTION 1508

ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND

DUAL-COMPONENT COATINGS

1508.1 GeneraL Spraying operations involving the use of
organic peroxides and other dual-component coatings shall be
in accordance with the requkements of Section 1503 and this
section.

1508.2 Use of organic peroxide coatings. Spraying opera-
tions involving the use of organic peroxides and other
dual-component coatings shall be conducted in approved
sprinklered spray booths complying with Section 1504.3.2.

1508.3 Equipment. Spray guns and related handling equip-
ment used with organic peroxides shall be of a type manufac-
tured for such use.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

217

FLAMMABLE FINISHES

1508.3.1 Pressure tanks. Separate pressure vessels and
inserts specifically for the application shall be used for the
resin and for the organic peroxide, and shall not be inter-
changed. Organic peroxide pressure tank inserts shall be
constructed of stainless steel or polyethylene.

1508.4 Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of haz-
ardous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and
use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections
1503.3 and 1503.4 and Sections 1508.4.1 through 1508.4.7.

1508.4.1 Contamination prevention. Organic peroxide
initiators shall not be contaminated with foreign substances.

1508.4.2 Spilled material. Spilled organic peroxides shall
be promptly removed so there are no residues. Spilled mate-
rial absorbed by using a noncombustible absorbent shall be
promptly disposed of in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendation.

1508.4.3 Residue control. Materials shall not be contami-
nated by dusts and overspray residues resulting from the
sanding or spraying of finishing materials containing
organic peroxides.

1508.4.4 Handling. Handling of organic peroxides shall be
conducted in a manner that avoids shock and friction that
produces decomposition and violent reaction hazards.

1508.4.5 Mixing. Organic peroxides shall not be mixed
directly with accelerators or promoters.

1508.4.6 Personnel qualifications. Personnel working
with organic peroxides and dual-component coatings shall
be specifically trained to work with these materials.

1508.4.7 Storage. The storage of organic peroxides shall
comply with Chapter 39.

1508.5 Sources of ignition. Only nonsparking tools shall be
used in areas where organic peroxides are stored, mixed or
applied.

SECTION 1509

INDOOR MANUFACTURING OF REINFORCED

PLASTICS

1509.1 General. Indoor manufacturing processes involving
spray or hand application of reinforced plastics and using more
than 5 gallons (19 L) of resin in a 24-hour period shall be in
accordance with this section.

1509.2 Resin application equipment. Equipment used for
spray application of resin shall be installed and used in accor-
dance with Sections 1508 and 1509.

1509.3 Fire protection. Resin application areas shall be pro-
tected by an automatic sprinkler system. The sprinkler system
design shall not be less than that required for Ordinary Hazard,
Group 2, with a minimum design area of 3 ,000 square feet (279
m^). Where the materials or storage arrangements are required
by other regulations to be provided with a higher level of sprin-
kler system protection, the higher level of sprinkler system pro-
tection shall be provided.

1509.4 Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and use of haz-
ardous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storage and

use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections
1503.3 and 1503.4 and Sections 1509.4.1 through 1509.4.3.

1509.4.1 Handling of excess catalyzed resin. A

noncombustible, open-top container shall be provided for
disposal of excess catalyzed resin. Excess catalyzed resin
shdl be drained into the container while still in the hquid
state. Enough water shall be provided in the container to
maintain a minimum 2-inch (51 mm) water layer over the
contained resin.

1509.4.2 Control of overchop. In areas where chopper
guns are used, exposed wall and floor surfaces shall be cov-
ered with paper, polyethylene film or other approved mate-
rial to allow for removal of overchop. Overchop shall be
allowed to cure for not less than 4 hours prior to removal.

1509.4.2.1 Disposal. Following removal, used wall and
floor covering materials required by Section 1509.4.2
shall be placed in a noncombustible container and
removed from the facility.

1509.4.3 Storage and use of hazardous materials. Stor-
age and use of organic peroxides shall be in accordance with
Section 1508 and Chapter 39. Storage and use of flammable
and combustible hquids shall be in accordance with Chapter
34. Storage and use of unstable (reactive) materials shall be
in accordance with Chapter 43.

1509.5 Sources of ignition in resin application areas.

Sources of ignition in resin application areas shall comply with
Section 1503.2.

1509.6 Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided
throughout resin application areas in accordance with Section
1504.7. The ventilation rate shall be adequate to maintain the
concentration of flammable vapors in the resin application area
at or below 25 percent of the LFL.

Exception: Mechanical ventilation is not required for
buildings that have 75 percent of the perimeter unenclosed.

1509.6.1 Local ventilation. Local ventilation shall be pro-
vided inside of workpieces where personnel will be under or
inside of the workpiece.

SECTION 1510
FLOOR SURFACING AND FINISHING OPERATIONS

1510.1 Scope. Floor surfacing and finishing operations
exceeding 350 square feet (33 m^) and using Class I or II liquids
shall comply with Sections 1510.2 through 1510.5.

1510.2 Mechanical system operation. Heating, ventilation
and air-conditioning systems shall not be operated during
resurfacing or refinishing operations or within 4 hours of the
application of flammable or combustible hquids.

1510.3 Business operation. Floor surfacing and finishing
operations shall not be conducted while an estabUshment is
open to the pubhc.

1510.4 Ignition sources. The power shall be shut down to all
electiical sources of ignition within the flammable vapor area,
unless those devices are classified for use in Class I, Division 1
hazardous locations.

218

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

FLAWIMABLE FINISHES

1510.5 Ventilation. To prevent the accumulation of flammable
vapors, mechanical ventilation at a minimum rate of 1 cubic
foot per minute per squai-e foot [0.00508 m^ /(s • m^)] of area
being finished shall be provided. Such exhaust shall be by
approved temporary or portable means. Vapors shall be
exhausted to the exterior of the building.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 21 9

220 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 16 - FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING

(Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Cliapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections listed beiow)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

221

222 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 16

FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING

SECTION 1601
GENERAL

1601.1 Scope. Ripening processes where ethylene gas is intro-
duced into a room to promote the ripening of fruits, vegetables
and other crops shall comply with this chapter.

Exception: Mixtures of ethylene and one or more inert
gases in concentrations which prevent the gas from reaching
greater than 25 percent of the lower explosive Umit (LEL)
when released to the atmosphere.

1601.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in
Appendix Chapter 1, Section 105.6.

1601.3 Ethylene generators. Approved ethylene generators
shall be operated and maintained in accordance with Section
1606.

SECTION 1602
DEFINITIONS

1602.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in
this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings
ascribed to them as defined therein.

SECTION 1603
ETHYLENE GAS

1603.1 Location. Ethylene gas shall be discharged only into
approved rooms or enclosures designed and constructed for
this purpose.

1603.2 Dispensing. Valves conti-oUing discharge of ethylene
shall provide positive and fail-closed control of flow and shall
be set to limit the concentration of gas in air below 1 ,000 parts
per million (ppm).

SECTION 1604
SOURCES OF IGNITION

1604.1 Ignition prevention. Sources of ignition shall be con-
trolled or protected in accordance with this section and Chapter
3.

1604.2 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring
and equipment, including luminaires, shall be approved for use
in Class I, Division 2, Group C hazardous (classified)
locations.

1604.3 Static electricity. Containers, piping and equipment
used to dispense ethylene shall be bonded and grounded to pre-
vent the discharge of static spai-ks or arcs.

1604.4 Lighting. Lighting shall be by approved electric lamps
or luminaires only.

1604.5 Heating. Heating shall be by indirect means utilizing
low-pressure steam, hot water, or warm air.

Exception: Electric or fuel-fired heaters approved for use in
hazai'dous (classified) locations which are installed and
operated in accordance with the applicable provisions of the
California Electrical Code, the California Mechanical
Code.

SECTION 1605
COMBUSTIBLE WASTE

1605.1 Housekeeping. Empty boxes, cartons, pallets and other
combustible waste shall be removed from ripening rooms or
enclosures and disposed of at regular intervals in accordance
with Chapter 3.

SECTION 1606
ETHYLENE GENERATORS

1606.1 Ethylene generators. Ethylene generators shall be
listed and labeled by an approved testing laboratory, approved
by the fire code official and used only in approved rooms in
accordance with the ethylene generator manufacturer's instruc-
tions. The listing evaluation shall include documentation that
the concentration of ethylene gas does not exceed 25 percent of
the lower explosive limit (LEL).

1606.2 Ethylene generator rooms. Ethylene generators shall
be used in rooms having a volume of not less than 1,000 cubic
feet (28 m^). Rooms shall have air circulation to ensure even
distribution of ethylene gas and shall be free from sparks, open
flames or other ignition sources.

SECTION 1607
WARNING SIGNS

1607.1 When required. Approved warning signs indicating
the danger involved and necessary precautions shall be posted
on all doors and entrances to the premises.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

223

224 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 17 - FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING

(Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HOD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

i;ag

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Cliapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed beiow

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

225

226 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 17

FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING

SECTION 1701
GENERAL

1701.1 Scope. Fumigation and thermal insecticidal fogging
operations within structures shall comply with this chapter.

1701.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in
Appendix Chapter 1, Section 105.6.

SECTION 1702
DEFINITIONS

1702.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for
the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

FUMIGANT. A substance which by itself or in combination
with any other substance emits or liberates a gas, fume or vapor
utilized for the destruction or control of insects, fungi, vermin,
germs, rats or other pests, and shall be distinguished from
insecticides and disinfectants which are essentially effective in
the solid or liquid phases . Examples are methyl bromide, ethyl-
ene dibromide, hydrogen cyanide, carbon disulfide and
sulfuryl fluoride.

FUMIGATION. The utiHzation within an enclosed space of a
fumigant in concentrations that are hazardous or acutely toxic
to humans.

THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING. The utilization
of insecticidal liquids passed through thermal fog-generating
units where, by means of heat, pressure and turbulence, such
liquids are transformed and discharged in the form of fog or
mist blown into an area to be treated.

SECTION 1703
FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1703.1 General. Structures in which fumigation and thermal
insecticidal fogging operations are conducted shall comply
with the fire protection and safety requirements of Sections

1703.2 thi-ough 1703.7.

1703.2 Sources of ignition. Fires, open flames and similar
sources of ignition shall be eliminated from the space under
fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging. Heating, where
needed, shall be of an approved type.

1703.2.1 Electricity. Electricity shall be shut off.

Exception: Circulating fans that have been specifically
designed for utilization in hazardous atmospheres and
installed in accordance with the California Electrical
Code.

1703.3 Notification. The fire code official and fire chief shall
be notified in writing at least 24 houi-s before the structure is to
be closed in connection with the utihzation of any toxic or
flanmiable fumigant. Notification shall give the location of the
enclosed space to be fumigated or fogged, the occupancy, the

fumigants or insecticides to be utilized, the person or persons
responsible for the operation, and the date and time at which
the operation will begin. Notice of any fumigation or thermal
insecticidal fogging shall be served with sufficient advance
notice to the occupants of the enclosed space involved to enable
the occupants to evacuate the premises.

1703.3.1 Warning signs. Approved warning signs indicat-
ing the danger, type of chemical involved and necessary pre-
cautions shall be posted on all doors and entrances to the
premises and upon all gangplanks and ladders from the
deck, pier or land to the ship. Such notices shall be printed in
red ink on a white background. Letters in the headlines shall
be at least 2 inches (5 1 mm) in height and shall state the date
and time of the operation, the name and address of the per-
son, the name of the operator in charge, and a warning stat-
ing that the occupied premises shall be vacated at least 1
hour before the operation begins and shall not be reentered
until the danger signs have been removed by the proper
authorities.

1703.3.2 Breathing apparatus. Persons engaged in the
business of fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging shall
maintain and have available approved protective breathing
apparatus.

1703.3.3 Watch personnel. During the period fumigation
is in progress, except when fumigation is conducted in a
gas-tight vault or tanic, a capable, alert watcher shall remain
on duty at the entrance or entrances to the enclosed fumi-
gated space until after the fumigation is completed and the
premises properly ventilated and safe for occupancy. Suffi-
cient watchers shall be provided to prevent persons from
entering the enclosed space under fumigation without being
observed.

1703.4 Thermal insecticidal fogging liquids. Thermal insec-
ticidal fogging liquids with a flash point below 100°F (38°C)
shall not be utilized.

1703.5 Sealing of buildings. Paper and other similar materials
that do not meet the flame propagation performance criteria of
NFPA 701 shall not be used to wrap or cover a building in
excess of that required for the sealing of cracks, casements and
similar openings.

1703.6 Venting and cleanup. At tlie end of the exposure
period, fumigators shall safely and properly ventilate the pre-
mises and contents; properly dispose of fumigant containers,
residues, debris and other materials used for such fumigation;
and clear obstructions from gas-fired appliance vents.

1703.7 Flammable fumigants restricted. The use of caibon
disulfide and hydrogen cyanide shall be restricted to agricul-
tural fumigation.

2006 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

227

228 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 18 - SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DBA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEO

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections listed beiow)

Adopt oniy those sections that are
iisted below

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

229

230 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 18

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

SECTION 1801
GENERAL

1801.1 Scope. Semiconductor fabrication facilities and com-
pai'able research and development ai'eas classified as Group
H-5 shall comply with this chapter and the California Building
Code. The use, storage and handling of hazardous materials in
Group H-5 shall comply with this chapter, other applicable pro-
visions of this code and the California Building Code.

1801.2 Application. The requirements set forth in this chapter
are requirements specific only to Group H-5 and shall be
applied as exceptions or additions to applicable requirements
set forth elsewhere in this code.

1801.3 Multiple hazards. Where a material poses multiple
hazards, all hazards shall be addressed in accordance with Sec-
tion 2701.1.

1801.4 Existing buildings and existing fabrication areas.

Existing buildings and existing fabrication areas shall comply
with this chapter, except that transportation and handling of
HPM in exit access corridors and exit enclosures shall be
allowed when in compliance with Section 1805.3.2 and the
California Building Code.

1801.5 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in
Appendix Chapter 1, Section 105.6.

SECTION 1802
DEFINITIONS

1802.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for
the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM. A gas

detection system where the analytical instrument is maintained
in continuous operation and sampling is performed without
interruption. Analysis is allowed to be performed on a cyclical
basis at intervals not to exceed 30 minutes.

EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION. An approved loca-
tion on the premises where signals from emergency equipment
ai-e received and which is staffed by trained personnel.

FABRICATION AREA. An ai-ea within a semiconductor fab-
rication facility and related research and development areas in
which there are processes using hazardous production materi-
als. Such ai-eas are allowed to include ancillary rooms or areas
such as dressing rooms and offices that ai-e directly related to
the fabrication area processes.

HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM). A

solid, liquid or gas associated with semiconductor manufactur-
ing that has a degree-of-hazard rating in health, flammability or
reactivity of Class 3 or 4 as ranked by NFPA 704 and which is
used directly in research, laboratory or production processes
which have as their end product materials that are not
hazai-dous.

HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID. An HPM liquid that is
defined as either a Class I flammable liquid or a Class 11 or
Class IIIA combustible liquid.

HPM ROOM. A room used in conjunction with or serving a
Group H-5 occupancy, where HPM is stored or used and which
is classified as a Group H-2, H-3 or H-4 occupancy.

PASS-THROUGH. An enclosure installed in a wall with a
door on each side that allows chemicals, HPM, equipment, and
parts to be transferred from one side of the wall to the other.

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY. A

building or a portion of a building in which electrical cii-cuits or
devices are created on solid crystaUine substances having elec-
trical conductivity greater than insulators but less than conduc-
tors. These circuits or devices are commonly known as
semiconductors.

SERVICE CORRIDOR. A fully enclosed passage used for
transporting HPM and purposes other than requked means of
egress.

TOOL. A device, storage container, workstation, or process
machine used in a fabrication area.

WORKSTATION. A defined space or an independent princi-
pal piece of equipment using HPM within a fabrication area
where a specific function, laboratory procedure or research
activity occurs. Approved or listed hazardous materials storage
cabinets, flammable liquid storage cabinets or gas cabinets
serving a workstation are included as part of the workstation. A
workstation is allowed to contain ventilation equipment, fire
protection devices, detection devices, electrical devices and
other processing and scientific equipment.

SECTION 1803
GENERAL SAFETY PROVISIONS

1803.1 Emergency control station. An emergency control
station shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1 803 .1.1
through 1803.1.3.

1803.1.1 Location. The emergency conti-ol station shall be
located on the premises at an approved location outside the
fabrication area.

1803.1.2 Staffing. Trained personnel shall continuously
staff the emergency control station.

1803.1.3 Signals. The emergency control station shall
receive signals from emergency equipment and alai-m and
detection systems. Such emergency equipment and alarm
and detection systems shall include, but not be limited to,
the following where such equipment or systems are required
to be provided either in this chapter or elsewhere in this
code:

1. Automatic sprinkler system alarm and monitoring
systems.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

231

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

2. Manual fire alarm systems.

3. Emergency alarm systems.

4. Continuous gas detection systems.

5. Smoke detection systems.

6. Emergency power system.

7. Automatic detection and alarm systems for
pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids
required by Section 1805.2.3.5.

8. Exhaust ventilation flow alarm devices for
pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids
cabinet exhaust ventilation systems required by Sec-
tion 1805.2.3.5.

1803.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equip-
ment and processes shall be in accordance with Sections
1803.2.1 through 1803.2.3.2.

1803.2.1 Application. Systems, equipment and processes
shall include, but not be limited to, containers, cylinders,
tanks, piping, tubing, valves and fittings.

1803.2.2 General requirements. In addition to the require-
ments in Section 1803.2, systems, equipment and processes
shall also comply with Section 2703.2, other applicable pro-
visions of this code, the California Building Code and the
California Mechanical Code.

1803.2.3 Additional requirements for HPM supply pip-
ing. In addition to the requirements in Section 1 803 .2, HPM
supply piping and tubing for HPM gases and liquids shall
comply with this section.

1803.2.3.1 General requirements. The requirements
set forth in Section 2703.2.2.2 shall apply to supply pip-
ing and tubing for HPM gases and liquids.

1803.2.3.2 Health-hazard ranking 3 or 4 HPM. Sup-
ply piping and tubing for HPM gases and liquids having a
health-hazard ranking of 3 or 4 shall be welded
throughout, except for connections located within a ven-
tilation enclosure if the material is a gas, or an approved
method of drainage or containment provided for connec-
tions if the material is a liquid.

1803.3 Construction requirements. Construction of semi-
conductor fabrication facilities shall be in accordance with
Sections 1803.3.1 through 1803.3.9.

1803.3.1 Fabrication areas. Construction and location of
fabrication areas shall comply with the California Building
Code.

1803.3.2 Pass-throughs in exit access corridors.

Pass-throughs in exit access corridors shall be constructed
in accordance with the California Building Code.

1803.3.3 Liquid storage rooms. Liquid storage rooms
shall comply with Chapter 34 and the California Building
Code.

1803.3.4 HPM rooms. HPM rooms shall comply with the
California Building Code.

1803.3.5 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall comply with
Section 2703.8.6.

1803.3.6 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures
shall comply with Section 2703.8.5.

1803.3.7 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall comply with Section
2703.8.4.

1803.3.8 Service corridors. Service corridors shall comply
with Section 1805.3 and the California Building Code.

1803.3.9 Cabinets containing pyrophoric liquids or
water-reactive Class 3 liquids. Cabinets in fabrication
areas containing pyrophoric liquids or Class 3 water-reac-
tive liquids in containers or in amounts greater than 0.5 gal-
lon (2 L) shall comply with Section 1805.2.3.5.

1803.4 Emergency plan. An emergency plan shall be estab-
lished as set forth in Section 408.4.

1803.5 Maintenance of equipment, machinery and pro-
cesses. Maintenance of equipment, machinery and processes
shall comply with Section 2703.2.6.

1803.6 Security of areas. Areas shall be secured in accordance
with Section 2703.9.2.

1803.7 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring
and equipment in HPM facilities shall comply with Sections
1803.7.1 through 1803.7.3.

1803.7.1 Fabrication areas. Electrical wiring and equip-
ment in fabrication areas shall comply with the California
Electrical Code.

1803.7.2 Workstations. Electrical equipment and devices
within 5 feet (1524 mm) of workstations in which flamma-
ble or pyrophoric gases or flammable liquids are used shall
comply with the California Electrical Code for Class I,
Division 2 hazardous locations. Workstations shall not be
energized without adequate exhaust ventilation in accor-
dance with Section 1803.14.

Exception: Class I, Division 2 hazardous electrical
equipment is not required when the air removal from the
workstation or dilution will prevent the accumulation of
flammable vapors and fumes on a continuous basis.

1803.7.3 Hazardous production material (HPM) rooms,
gas rooms and liquid storage rooms. Electrical wiring and
equipment in HPM rooms, gas rooms and liquid storage
rooms shall comply with the California Electrical Code.

1803.8 Exit access corridors and exit enclosures. Hazardous
materials shall not be used or stored in exit access corridors or
exit access enclosures.

1803.9 Service corridors. Hazai'dous materials shall not be
used in an open-system use condition in service corridors.

1803.10 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automatic
sprinkler system shall be provided in accordance with Sections
1803.10.1 through 1803.10.5 and Chapter 9.

1803.10.1 Workstations and tools. The design of the sprin-
kler system in the area shall take into consideration the spray
pattern and the effect on the equipment.

1803.10.1.1 Combustible workstations. A sprinkler
head shall be installed within each branch exhaust con-
nection or individual plenums of workstations of com-
bustible construction. The sprinkler head in the exhaust

232

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

connection or plenum shall be located not more than 2
feet (610 mm) from the point of the duct connection or
the connection to the plenum. When necessary to prevent
corrosion, the sprinkler head and connecting piping in
the duct shall be coated with approved or listed corro-
sion-resistant materials. The sprinkler head shall be
accessible for periodic inspection.

Exceptions:

1. Approved alternative automatic fire-extin-
guishing systems are allowed. Activation of
such systems shall deactivate the related pro-
cessing equipment.

2. Process equipment which operates at tempera-
tures exceeding 932°F (500°C) and is provided
with automatic shutdown capabihties for haz-
ai'dous materials.

3. Exhaust ducts 10 inches (254 mm) or less in di-
ameter from flammable gas storage cabinets
that are part of a workstation.

4. Ducts listed or approved for use without inter-
nal automatic sprinkler protection.

1803.10.1.2 Combustible tools. Where the horizontal
surface of a combustible tool is obsti'ucted from ceiling
sprinkler discharge, automatic sprinkler protection that
covers the horizontal surface of the tool shall be
provided.

Exceptions:

1. An automatic gaseous fire-extinguishing local
surface apphcation system shall be allowed as
an alternative to sprinklers. Gaseous-extin-
guishing systems shall be actuated by infrared
(IR) or ultraviolet/infrared (UVIR) optical
detectors.

2. Tools constructed of materials that ai'e listed or
approved for "use without internal fire extin-
guishing system protection.

1803.10.2 Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures. An

approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in
gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures containing HPM
compressed gases.

Exception: Gas cabinets located in an HPM room other
than those cabinets containing pyrophoric gases.

1803.10.3 Pass-throughs in existing exit access corri-
dors. Pass-throughs in existing exit access coixidors shall be
protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system.

1803.10.4 Exhaust ducts for HPM. An approved auto-
matic sprinkler system shall be provided in exhaust ducts
conveying gases, vapors, fumes, mists or dusts generated
from HPM in accordance with this section and the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code.

1803.10.4.1 MetalUc and noncombustible nonmetal-
lic exhaust ducts. An approved automatic sprinkler sys-
tem shall be provided in metallic and noncombustible
nonmetallic exhaust ducts when all of the following con-
ditions apply:

1 . When the largest cross-sectional diameter is equal
to or greater than 10 inches (254 mm).

2. The ducts are within the building.

3. The ducts ai'e conveying flammable gases, vapors
or fumes.

1803.10.4.2 Combustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts.

An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be pro-
vided in combustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts when
the lai-gest cross-sectional diameter of the duct is equal to
or greater than 10 inches (254 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Ducts listed or approved for applications with-
out automatic sprinkler system protection.

2. Ducts not more than 12 feet (3658 mm) in
length installed below ceiling level.

1803.10.4.3 Exhaust connections and plenums of
combustible workstations. Automatic fii-e-extinguish-
ing system protection for exhaust connections and ple-
nums of combustible workstations shall comply with
Section 1803.10.1.1.

1803.10.4.4 Exhaust duct sprinkler system require-
ments. Automatic sprinklers installed in exhaust duct
systems shall be hydi-aulically designed to provide 0.5
gallons per minute (gpm) (1.9 L/min) over an area
derived by multiplying the distance between the sprin-
klers in a horizontal duct by the width of the duct. Mini-
mum dischai-ge shall be 20 gpm (76 L/min) per sprinkler
from the five hydraulically most remote sprinklers.

1803.10.4.4.1 Sprinkler head locations. Automatic
sprinklers shall be installed at 12-foot (3658 mm)
intervals in horizontal ducts and at changes in direc-
tion. In vertical runs, automatic sprinklers shall be
installed at the top and at alternate floor levels.

1803.10.4.4.2 Control valve. A sepai-ate indicating
control valve shall be provided for sprinklers installed
in exhaust ducts.

1803.10.4.4.3 Drainage. Drainage shall be provided
to remove sprinkler water discharged in exhaust
ducts.

1803.10.4.4.4 Corrosive atmospheres. Where cor-
rosive atmospheres exist, exhaust duct sprinlders and
pipe fittings shall be manufactured of corrosion-
resistant materials or coated with approved materials.

1803.10.4.4.5 Maintenance and inspection. Sprin-
klers in exhaust ducts shall be accessible for periodic
inspection and maintenance.

1803.10.5 Sprinkler alarms and supervision. Automatic
sprinkler systems shall be electrically supervised and pro-
vided with alai-ras in accordance with Chapter 9. Automatic
sprinkler system alarm and supervisory signals shall be
transinitted to the emergency conti-ol station.

1803.11 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fce alarm sys-
tem shall be installed throughout buildings containing a Group
H-5 occupancy. Activation of the alann system shall initiate a

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

233

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency control sta-
tion. Manual fire alarm systems shall be designed and installed
in accordance with Section 907.

1803.12 Emergency alarm system. Emergency alarm sys-
tems shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1803.12.1
through 1803.12.3, Section 2704.9 and Section 2705.4.4. The
maximum allowable quantity per control area provisions of
Section 2704.1 shall not apply to emergency alarm systems
required for HPM.

1803.12.1 Where required. Emergency alarm systems
shall be provided in the areas indicated in Sections
1803.12.1.1 through 1803.12.1.3.

1803.12.1.1 Service corridors. An approved emergency
alarm system shall be provided in service corridors, with
at least one alarm device in the service corridor.

1803.12.1.2 Exit access corridors and exit enclosures.

Emergency alarms for exit access corridors and exit
enclosures shall comply with Section 2705.4.4.

1803.12.1.3 Liquid storage rooms, HPM rooms and
gas rooms. Emergency alarms for hquid storage rooms,
HPM rooms and gas rooms shall comply with Section
2704.9.

1803.12.2 Alarm-initiating devices. An approved emer-
gency telephone system, local alarm manual pull stations, or
other approved alarm-initiating devices are allowed to be
used as emergency alarm-initiating devices.

1803.12.3 Alarm signals. Activation of the emergency
alarm system shall sound a local alarm and transmit a signal
to the emergency control station.

1803.13 Continuous gas detection systems. A continuous gas
detection system shall be provided for HPM gases when the
physiological warning threshold level of the gas is at a higher
level than the accepted permissible exposure Umit (PEL) for
the gas and for flammable gases in accordance with Sections
1803.13.1 through 1803.13.2.2.

1803.13.1 Where required. A continuous gas detection
system shall be provided in the areas identified in Sections
1803.13.1.1 through 1803.13.1.4.

1803.13.1.1 Fabrication areas. A continuous gas detec-
tion system shall be provided in fabrication areas when
gas is used in the fabrication area.

1803.13.1.2 HPM rooms. A continuous gas detection
system shall be provided in HPM rooms when gas is used
in the room.

1803.13.1.3 Gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and
gas rooms. A continuous gas detection system shall be
provided in gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures. A
continuous gas detection system shall be provided in gas
rooms when gases are not located in gas cabinets or
exhausted enclosures.

1803.13.1.4 Exit access corridors. When gases are
transported in piping placed within the space defined by
the walls of an exit access corridor and the floor or roof
above the exit access corridor, a continuous gas detection

system shall be provided where piping is located and in
the exit access corridor.

Exception: A continuous gas detection system is not
required for occasional transverse crossings of the
corridors by supply piping which is enclosed in a fer-
rous pipe or tube for the width of the corridor.

1803.13.2 Gas detection system operation. The continu-
ous gas detection system shall be capable of monitoring the
room, area or equipment in which the gas is located at or
below the permissible exposure limit (PEL) or ceiling limit
of the gas for which detection is provided. For flammable
gases, the monitoring detection threshold level shall be
vapor concenti-ations in excess of 20 percent of the lower
flanmiable limit (LFL). Monitoring for highly toxic and
toxic gases shall also comply with Chapter 37.

1803.13.2.1 Alarms. The gas detection system shall ini-
tiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency
control station when a short-term hazard condition is
detected. The alarm shall be both visible and audible and
shall provide warning both inside and outside the area
where the gas is detected. The audible alarm shall be dis-
tinct from all other alarms.

1803.13.2.2 Shut off of gas supply. The gas detection
system shall automatically close the shutoff valve at the
source on gas supply piping and tubing related to the sys-
tem being monitored for which gas is detected when a
short-term hazard condition is detected. Automatic clo-
sure of shutoff valves shall comply with the following:

1. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiating
the gas detection system alarm is within a gas cabi-
net or exhausted enclosure, the shutoff valve in the
gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure for the specific
gas detected shall automatically close.

2. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiating
the gas detection system alarm is within a room
and compressed gas containers are not in gas cabi-
nets or exhausted enclosure, the shutoff valves on
all gas lines for the specific gas detected shall auto-
matically close.

3. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiating
the gas detection system alarm is within a piping
distribution manifold enclosure, the shutoff valve
supplying the manifold for the compressed gas
container of the specific gas detected shall
automatically close.

Exception: Where the gas-detection sampling point
initiating the gas detection system alarm is at the use
location or within a gas valve enclosure of a branch
line downstream of a piping distribution manifold, the
shutoff valve for the branch line located in the piping
distribution manifold enclosure shall automatically
close.

1803.14 Exhaust ventilation systems for HPM. Exhaust ven-
tilation systems and materials for exhaust ducts utilized for the
exhaust ofHPM shall comply with Sections 1803.14.1 through
1803.14.3, other applicable provisions of this code, the Cali-
fornia Building Code and the California Mechanical Code.

234

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

1803.14.1 Where required. Exhaust ventilation systems
shall be provided in the following locations in accordance
with the requirements of this section and the California
Building Code:

1. Fabrication areas: Exhaust ventilation for fabrication
areas shall comply with the California Building Code.
The fire code official is authorized to requke addi-
tional manual control switches.

2. Workstations: A ventilation system shall be provided
to capture and exhaust gases, fumes and vapors at
workstations.

3. Liquid storage rooms: Exhaust ventilation for liquid
storage rooms shall comply with Section 2704.3.1
and the California Building Code.

4. HPM rooms: Exhaust ventilation for HPM rooms
shall comply with Section 2704.3.1 and the Califor-
nia Building Code.

5. Gas cabinets: Exhaust ventilation for gas cabinets
shall comply with Section 2703.8.6.2. The gas cabi-
net ventilation system is allowed to connect to a work-
station ventilation system. Exhaust ventilation for gas
cabinets containing highly toxic or toxic gases shall
also comply with Chapter 37.

6. Exhausted enclosures: Exhaust ventilation for ex-
hausted enclosures shall comply with Section
2703.8.5.2. Exhaust ventilation for exhausted enclo-
sures containing highly toxic or toxic gases shall also
comply with Chapter 37.

7. Gas rooms: Exhaust ventilation for gas rooms shall
comply with Section 2703.8.4.2. Exhaust ventilation
for gas cabinets containing highly toxic or toxic gases
shall also comply with Chapter 37.

8. Cabinets containing pyrophoric liquids or Class 3 wa-
ter-reactive liquids: Exhaust ventilation for cabinets
in fabrication ai'eas containing pyrophoric liquids or
Class 3 water-reactive liquids shall be as required in
Section 1805.2.3.5.

1803.14.2 Penetrations. Exhaust ducts penetrating fire bar-
rier assemblies shall be contained in a shaft of equivalent
fire-resistance-rated construction. Exhaust ducts shall not
peneti-ate fu-e walls. Fke dampers shall not be installed in
exhaust ducts.

1803.14.3 Treatment systems. Treatment systems for
highly toxic and toxic gases shall comply with Chapter 37.

1803.15 Emergency power system. An emergency power
system shall be provided in Group H-5 occupancies where
required by Section 604. The emergency power system shall be
designed to supply power automatically to required electiical
systems when the normal supply system is inteiTupted.

1803.15.1 Required electrical systems. Emergency power
shall be provided for electiically operated equipment and
connected conti'ol circuits for the following systems:

1. HPM exhaust ventilation systems.

2. HPM gas cabinet ventilation systems.

3. HPM exhausted enclosure ventilation systems.

4. HPM gas room ventilation systems.

5. HPM gas detection systems.

6. Emergency alarm systems.

7. Manual frre alarm systems.

8. Automatic sprinkler system monitoring and alarm
systems.

9. Automatic alarm and detection systems for
pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liq-
uids required in Section 1805.2.3.5.

10. Flow alarm switches for pyrophoric liquids and
Class 3 water-reactive liquids cabinet exhaust venti-
lation systems required in Section 1805.2.3.5.

11. Electrically operated systems required elsewhere in
this code or in the California Building Code applica-
ble to the use, storage or handUng of HPM.

1803.15.2 Exhaust ventilation systems. Exhaust ventila-
tion systems are allowed to be designed to operate at not less
than one-half the normal fan speed on the emergency power
system when it is demonstrated that the level of exhaust will
maintain a safe atmosphere.

SECTION 1804
STORAGE

1804.1 General. Storage of hazardous materials shall comply
with Section 1803 and this section and other applicable provi-
sions of this code.

1804.2 Fabrication areas. Hazardous materials storage and
the maximum quantities of hazardous materials in use and stor-
age allowed in fabrication areas shall be in accordance with
Sections 1804.2.1, through 1804.2.2.1.

1804.2.1 Location of BnPM storage in fabrication areas.

Storage of HPM in fabrication areas shall be within
approved or listed storage cabinets, gas cabinets, exhausted
enclosures or within a workstation as follows.

1. Flanunable and combustible liquid storage cabinets
shall comply with Section 3404.3.2.

2. Hazardous materials storage cabinets shall comply
with Section 2703.8.7.

3. Gas cabinets shall comply with Section 2703.8.6. Gas
cabinets for highly toxic or toxic gases shall also com-
ply with Section 3704.1.2.

4. Exhausted enclosures shall comply with Section
2703.8.5. Exhausted enclosures for highly toxic or
toxic gases shall also comply with Section 3704.1 .3.

5. Workstations shall comply with Section 1805.2.2.

1804.2.2 Maximum aggregate quantities in fabrication
areas. The aggregate quantities of hazardous materials
stored or used in a single fabrication area shall be limited as
specified in this section.

Exception: Fabrication areas containing quantities of
hazardous materials not exceeding the maximum allow-
able quantities per control area estabhshed by Sections
2703.1.1, 3404.3.4 and 3404.3.5.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

235

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

TABLE 1804.2.2.1
QUANTITY LIMITS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN GROUP H-5^

HAZARD CATEGORY

SOLIDS
(pounds/square foot)

LIQUIDS
(gallons/square foot)

GAS
(cubic feet@NTP/square foot)

PHYSICAL-HAZARD MATERIALS

Combustible dust

Noteb

Not Applicable

Combustible fiber
Loose
Baled

Noteb
Notes b, c

Not Applicable

Combustible liquid
Class n
Class niA
Class IILB
Combination Class I, II and IIIA

Not Applicable

0.01

0.02

Not Limited

0.04

Not Applicable

Cryogenic gas
Flammable
Oxidizing

Not Applicable

Noted
1.25

Explosives

Noteb

Flammable gas
Gaseous
Liquefied

Not Applicable

Noted
Noted

Flammable liquid
Class lA
Class IB
Class IC

Combination Class lA, IB and IC
Combination Class 1, 11 and IIIA

Not Applicable

0.0025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.04

Not Applicable

Flammable solid

0.001

Not Applicable

Organic peroxide

Unclassified detonable

Class I

Class n

Class III

Class IV

Class V

Noteb

0.025

0.1

Not Limited

Not Applicable

Oxidizing gas
Gaseous
Liquefied
Combination of Gaseous and Liquefied

Not Applicable

1.25
1.25
1.25

Oxidizer

Class 4
Class 3
Class 2
Class 1
Combination oxidizer Class 1, 2, 3

Noteb
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003

Noteb
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03

Not Applicable

Pyrophoric

Noteb

0.00125

Notes d and e

Unstable reactive
Class 4
Class 3
Class 2
Class 1

Noteb

0.025

0.1

Not Limited

Noteb

0.0025

0.01

Not Limited

Noteb

Not Limited

Water reactive
Class 3
Class 2
Class 1

Noteb

0.25

Not Limited

0.00125

0.025

Not Limited

Not Applicable

(continued)

236

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

TABLE 1804.2.2.1— continued
QUANTITY LIMITS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN GROUP H-5^

HAZARD CATEGORY

SOLIDS
(pounds/square foot)

LIQUIDS
(gallons/square foot)

GAS
(cubic feet@NTP/square foot)

HEALTH-HAZARD MATERIALS

Corrosives

Not Limited

Highly toxics

Not Limited

Noted

Toxics

Not Limited

Noted

For SI: 1 pound per square foot = 4.882 kg/m^, 1 gallon per square foot = 40.7 L/m-, 1 cubic foot @ NTP/square foot = 0.305 m' @NTP/m^
1 cubic foot = 0.02832 ml

a. Hazai'dous materials within piping shall not be included in the calculated quantities.

b. Quantity of hazardous materials in a single fabrication shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area in Tables 2703. 1 . 1 ( 1 ) and 2703. 1 . 1 (2).

c. Densely packed baled cotton that complies with the packing requirements of ISO 8115 shall not be included in this material class.

d. The aggregate quantity of flammable, pyrophoric, toxic and highly toxic gases shall not exceed 9,000 cubic feet at NTP.

e. The aggregate quantity of pyrophoric gases in the building shall not exceed the amounts set forth in Table 2703.8.2.

1804.2.2.1 Storage and use in fabrication areas. The

maximum quantities of hazardous materials stored or
used in a single fabrication area shall not exceed the
quantities set forth in Table 1804.2.2.1.

1804.3 Indoor storage outside of fabrication areas. The

indoor storage of hazardous materials outside of fabrication
areas shall be in accordance with Sections 1804.3.1 through
1804.3.3.

1804.3.1 HPM storage. The indoor storage of HPM in
quantities greater than those listed in Sections 2703.1.1 and
3404.3.4 shall be in a room complying with the require-
ments of the California Building Code and this code for a
liquid storage room, HPM room or gas room as appropriate
for the materials stored.

1804.3.2 Other hazardous materials storage. The indoor
storage of other hazardous materials shall comply with Sec-
tions 2701, 2703 and 2704 and other applicable provisions
of this code.

1804.3.3 Separation of incompatible hazardous materi-
als. Incompatible hazardous materials in storage shall be
separated from each other in accordance with Section
2703.9.8.

SECTION 1805
USE AND HANDLING

1805.1 General. The use and handling of hazardous materials
shall comply with this section. Section 1803 and other applica-
ble provisions of this code.

1805.2 Fabrication areas. The use of hazardous mateiials in
fabiication areas shall be in accordance with Sections 1 805.2. 1
through 1805.2.3.5.

1805.2.1 Location of HPM in use in fabrication areas.

Hazardous production materials in use in fabrication areas
shall be within approved or listed gas cabinets, exhausted
enclosures or a workstation.

1805.2.2 Maximum aggregate quantities in fabrication
areas. The aggregate quantities of hazardous materials in a
single fabrication area shall comply with Section 1804.2.2,
and Table 1 804.2.2. 1 . The quantity of HPM in use at a work-

station shall not exceed the quantities hsted in Table
1805.2.2.

1805.2.2.1 Protection of vessels. Vessels containing
HPM located in or connected to a workstation shall be
protected from physical damage and shall not project
from the workstation. Hazardous gas and liquid vessels
located within a workstation shall be protected from seis-
mic forces in an approved manner in accordance with the
California Building Code. Protection for HPM com-
pressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30.

1805.2.3 Workstations. Workstations in fabrication areas
shall be in accordance with Sections 1805.2.3.1 through
1805.2.3.5.

1805.2.3.1 Construction. Workstations in fabrication
areas shall be constructed of materials compatible with
the materials used and stored at the workstation. The por-
tion of the workstation that serves as a cabinet for HPM
gases and HPM flammable liquids shall be
noncombustible and, if of metal, shall be not less than
0.0478-inch (18 gage) (1.2 mm) steel.

1805.2.3.2 Protection of vessels. Vessels containing
hazardous materials located in or connected to a work-
station shall be protected as follows:

1. HPM: Vessels containing HPM shall be protected
from physical damage and shall not project from
the workstation.

2. Hazardous cryogenic fluids, gases and liquids:
Hazardous cryogenic fluid, gas and liquid vessels
located within a workstation shall be protected
from seismic forces in an approved manner in ac-
cordance with the California Building Code.

3. Compressed gases: Protection for compressed gas
vessels shall also comply with Section 3003.5.

4. Cryogenic fluids: Protection for cryogenic fluid
vessels shall also comply with Section 3203.3.

1805.2.3.3 Drainage and containment for HPM liq-
uids. Each workstation utilizing HPM liquids shall have ,
all of the following:

1. Drainage piping systems connected to a compati-
ble system for disposition of such liquids;

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

237

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

TABLE 1805.2.2
MAXIMUM QUANTITIES OF HPM AT A WORKSTATION^

HPM CLASSIFICATION

STATE

WIAXIMUIUI QUANTITY

Flammable, highly toxic,
pyrophoric and toxic
combined

Gas

3 cylinders

Flammable

Liquid
Sohd

15 gallons"- ■'•"
5 pounds''- "

Corrosive

Gas
Liquid

Sohd

3 cylinders
Use-open system

25 gallons"-"

Use-closed system:

150 gallons"-"-'

20 pounds''-"

Highly toxic

Liquid
Solid

15 gallons"-"
5 pounds''

Oxidizer

Gas
Liquid

SoUd

3 cyhnders
Use-open system

12 gallons"

Use-closed system

60 gallons"-"

20 pounds"-"

Pyrophoric

Liquid
Solid

0.5 gallon''- 8
See Table 1804.2.2.1

Toxic

Liquid
Solid

Use-open system

15 gallons"

Use-closed system

60 gallons"-"

5 pounds"-"

Unstable reactive Class 3

Liquid
SoUd

0.5 gallon"-"
5 pounds"-"

Water-reactive Class 3

Liquid
Solid

0.5 gallon"- 8
See Table 1804.2.2.1

For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.

a. DOT shipping containers with capacities of greater than 5.3 gallons shall not
be located within a workstation.

b. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent for closed
system operations. When Note c also apphes, the increase for both notes
shall be allowed.

c. Quantities shall be allowed to be increased 100 percent when workstations
are internally protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing or
suppression system complying with Chapter 9. When Note b also applies,
the increase for both notes shall be allowed. When Note f also applies, the
maximum increase allowed for both Notes c and f shall not exceed 100 per-
cent.

d. Allowed only in workstations that are internally protected with an approved
automatic iire-extinguishing or fire protection system complying with
Chapter 9 and compatible with the reactivity of materials in use at the work-
station.

e. The quantity limits apply only to materials classified as HPM.

f . Quantities shall be allowed to be increased 1 00 percent for nonflammable,
noncombustible corrosive liquids when the materials of construction for
workstations are listed or approved for use without internal fire-extin-
guishing or suppression system protection. When Note c also applies, the
maximum increase allowed for both Notes c and f shall not exceed 1 00 per-
cent.

g. A maximum quantity of 5.3 gallons shall be allowed at a workstation when
conditions are in accordance with Section 1805.2.3.5.

2. The work surface provided with a slope or other
means for directing spilled materials to the con-
tainment or drainage system; and

3. An approved means of containing or directing
spilled or leaked liquids to the drainage system.

1805.2.3.4 Clearances. Workstations where HPM is
used shall be provided with horizontal servicing clear-
ances of not less than 3 feet (914 mm) for electrical
equipment, gas-cylinder connections and similar hazard-
ous conditions. These clearances shall apply only to nor-
mal operational procedures and not to repair- or
maintenance-related work.

1805.2.3.5 Pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reac-
tive liquids. Pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reac-
tive liquids in containers greater than 0.5-gallon (2 L) but
not exceeding 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be
allowed at workstations when located inside cabinets
and the following conditions are met:

1. Maximum amount per cabinet: The maximum
amount per cabinet shall be limited to 5.3 gallons
(20 L).

2. Cabinet construction: Cabinets shall be con-
structed in accordance with the following:

2.1. Cabinets shall be constructed of not less than
0.097-inch (2.5 mm) (12 gauge) steel.

2.2. Cabinets shall be permitted to have self-clos-
ing limited access ports or noncombustible
windows that provide access to equipment
controls.

2.3. Cabinets shall be provided with self- or man-
ual-closing doors. Manual-closing doors shall
be equipped with a door switch that will initi-
ate local audible and visual alarms when the
door is in the open position.

3. Cabinet exhaust ventilation system: An exhaust
ventilation system shall be provided for cabinets
and shall comply with the following:

3.L The system shall be designed to operate at a
negative pressure in relation to the surround-
ing area.

3.2. The system shall be equipped with a pressure
monitor and a flow switch alarm monitored at
the on-site emergency control station.

4. Cabinet spill containment: Spill containment shall
be provided in each cabinet, with the spill contain-
ment capable of holding the contents of the aggre-
gate amount of liquids in containers in each
cabinet.

5. Valves: Valves in supply piping between the prod-
uct containers in the cabinet and the workstation
served by the containers shall fail in the closed po-
sition upon power failure, loss of exhaust ventila-
tion and upon actuation of the fire control system.

238

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES

6. Fire detection system: Each cabinet shall be
equipped with an automatic fire detection system
. complying with the following conditions:

6.1. Automatic detection system: UV/IR, high-
sensitivity smoke detection (HSSD) or other
approved detection systems shall be provided
inside each cabinet.

6.2. Automatic shutoff: Activation of the detection
system shall automatically close the shutoff
valves at the source on the liquid supply.

6.3. Alarms and signals: Activation of the detec-
tion system shall initiate a local alarm within
the fabrication area and transmit a signal to the
emergency conti-ol station. The alarms and
signals shall be both visual and audible.

1805.3 Transportation and handling. The transportation and
handhng of hazardous materials shall comply with Sections
1805.3.1 through 1805.314.1 and other applicable provisions of
this code.

1805.3.1 Exit access corridors and exit enclosures. Exit
access corridors and exit enclosui'es in new buildings or
serving new fabrication areas shall not contain HPM except
as permitted for exit access corridors by Section 415.8.6.3
of the California Building Code.

1805.3.2 Transport in existing exit access corridors.

When existing fabrication areas axe altered or modified in
existing buildings, HPM is allowed to be transported in
existing exit access corridors when such exit access corri-
dors comply with the California Building Code. Transporta-
tion in exit access corridors shall comply with Section
2703.10.

1805.3.3 Service corridors. When a new fabrication area is
constructed, a service corridor shall be provided where it is
necessary to transport HPM from a liquid storage room,
HPM room, gas room or from the outside of a building to the
perimeter wall of a fabrication area. Service corridors shall
be designed and constructed in accordance with the Califor-
nia Building Code.

1805.3.4 Carts and trucks. Carts and trucks used to trans-
port HPM in exit acess corridors and exit enclosures in
existing buildings shall comply with Section 2703.10.3.

1805.3.4.1 Identification. Carts and tnacks shall be
marked to indicate the contents.

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

239

240 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 19 - LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Cliapter

Adopt Entire Cliapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

241

242 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 19

LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES

SECTION 1901
GENERAL

1901.1 Scope. The storage, manufacturing and processing of
timber, lumber, plywood, veneers and byproducts shall be in
accordance with this chapter.

1901.2 Permit. Permits shall be required as set forth in Appen-
dix Chapter 1, Section 105.6.

SECTION 1902
DEFINITIONS

1902.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for
the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meanings shown herein.

COLD DECK. A pile of unfinished cut logs.

FINES. Small pieces or spUnters of wood byproducts that will
pass through a 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) screen.

HOGGED MATERIALS. Wood waste materials produced
from the lumber production process.

PLYWOOD and VENEER MILLS. FaciUties where raw
wood products are processed into finished wood products,
including waferboard, oriented strandboard, fiberboard, com-
posite wood panels and plywood.

RAW PRODUCT. A mixtui-e of natural materials such as tree,
brush trimmings, or waste logs and stumps.

STATIC PILES. Piles in which processed wood product is
mounded and is not being turned or moved.

TIMBER and LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES.

Facilities where raw wood products are processed into finished
wood products.

SECTION 1903
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1903.1 Open yards. Open yai'ds required by the California
Building Code shall be maintained around structures.

1903.2 Dust control. Equipment or machinery located inside
buildings which generates or emits combustible dust shall be
provided with an approved dust collection and exhaust system
installed in accordance with Chapter 13 and the California
Mechanical Code. Equipment or systems that are used to col-
lect, process or convey combustible dusts shall be provided
with an approved explosion control system.

1903.2.1 Explosion venting. Where a dust explosion haz-
ard exists in equipment rooms, buildings or other enclo-
sures, such areas shall be provided with explosion

(deflagration) venting or an approved explosion suppres-
sion system complying with Section 911.

1903.3 Waste removaL Sawmills, planning mills and other
woodworking plants shall be equipped with a waste removal
system that will collect and remove sawdust and shavings.
Such systems shall be installed in accordance with Chapter 13
and the California Mechanical Code.

Exception: Manual waste removal when approved.

1903.3.1 Housekeeping. Provisions shall be made for a
systematic and thorough cleaning of the entire plant at suffi-
cient intervals to prevent the accumulations of combustible
dust and spilled combustible or flammable liquids.

1903.3.2 Metal scrap. Provision shall be made for sepa-
rately collecting and disposing of any metal scrap so that
such scrap will not enter the wood handling or processing
equipment.

1903.4 Electrical equipment. Electrical wiring and equip-
ment shall comply with the California Electrical Code.

1903.5 Control of ignition sources. Protection from ignition
sources shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1903.5. 1
through 1903.5.3.

1903.5.1 Cutting and welding. Cutting and welding shall
comply with Chapter 26.

1903.5.2 Static electricity. Static electricity shall be pre-
vented from accumulating on machines and equipment sub-
ject to static electricity buildup by permanent grounding and
bonding wires or other approved means.

1903.5.3 Smoking. Where smoking constitutes a fire haz-
ard, the fire code official is authorized to order the owner or
occupant to post approved "No Smoking" signs complying
with Section 310. The fire code official is authorized to des-
ignate specific locations where smoking is allowed.

1903.6 Fire apparatus access roads. Fire apparatus access
roads shall be provided for buildings and facilities in accor-
dance with Section 503.

1903.7 Access plan. Where storage pile configurations could
change because of changes in product operations and process-
ing, the access plan shall be submitted for approval when
required by the fii^e code official.

SECTION 1904
FIRE PROTECTION

1904.1 Fire alarms. An approved means for transmitting
alarms to the fire department shall be provided in timber and
lumber production mills and plywood and veneer mills.

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1904.1.1 Manual fire alarms. A manual fire alarm system
complying with Section 907.2 shall be installed in areas of
timber and lumber production mills and for plywood and
veneer mills that contain product dryers.

Exception: Where dryers or other sources of ignition are
protected by a supervised automatic sprinkler system
complying with Section 903.

1904.2 Portable fire extinguishers and hose. Portable fire
extinguishers or standpipes and hose supplied from an
approved water system shall be provided within 50 feet (15 240
mm) of travel distance to any machine producing shavings or
sawdust. Extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with
Section 906 for extra-high hazards.

1904.3 Automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinkler
systems shall be installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1.

SECTION 1905

PLYWOOD, VENEER AND

COMPOSITE BOARD MILLS

1905.1 General. Plant operations of plywood, veneer and
composite board mills shall comply with this section.

1905.2 Dryer protection. Dryers shall be protected through-
out by an approved, automatic deluge water-spray suppression
system complying with Chapter 9. Deluge heads shall be
inspected quarterly for pitch buildup. Deluge heads shall be
flushed during regular maintenance for functional operation.
Manual activation valves shall be located within 75 feet (22 860
mm) of the drying equipment.

1905.3 Thermal oil-heating systems. Facilities that use heat
transfer fluids to provide process equipment heat through
piped, indirect heating systems shall comply with this code and
NFPA 664.

SECTION 1906
LOG STORAGE AREAS

1906.1 General. Log storage areas shall comply with this sec-
tion.

1906.2 Cold decks. Cold decks shall not exceed 500 feet
(152.4 m) in length, 300 feet (91 440 mm) in width and 20 feet
(6096 mm) in height. Cold decks shall be separated from adja-
cent cold decks or other exposures by a minimum of 100 feet
(30 480 mm).

Exception: The size of cold decks shall be determined by
the fire code official where the decks are protected by spe-
cial fire protection including, but not limited to, additional
fire flow, portable turrets and deluge sets, and hydrant hose
houses equipped with approved fire-fighting equipment
capable of reaching the entire storage area in accordance
with Chapter 9.

1906.3 End stops. Log and pole piles shall be stabilized by
approved means.

SECTION 1907

STORAGE OF WOOD CHIPS AND HOGGED

MATERIAL ASSOCIATED WITH TIMBER AND

LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES

1907.1 General. The storage of wood chips and hogged mate-
rials associated with timber and lumber production facilities
shall comply with this section.

1907.2 Size of piles. Piles shall not exceed 60 feet (18 288 mm)
in height, 300 feet (91 440 mm) in width and 500 feet (152 m)
in length. Piles shall be separated from adjacent piles or other
exposures by approved fire apparatus access roads.

Exception: The fire code official is authorized to allow the
pile size to be increased when additional fire protection is
provided in accordance with Chapter 9. The increase shall
be based on the capabilities of the system installed.

1907.3 Pile fire protection. Automatic sprinkler protection
shall be provided in conveyor tunnels and combustible enclo-
sures that pass under a pile. Combustible or enclosed conveyor
systems shall be equipped with an approved automatic
sprinkler system.

1907.4 Material-handling equipment. Approved mate-
rial-handling equipment shall be readily available for moving
wood chips and hogged material.

1907.5 Emergency plan. The owner or operator shall develop
apian for monitoring, controlling and extinguishing spot fires.
The plan shall be submitted to the fire code official for review
and approval.

SECTION 1908

STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF WOOD CHIPS,

HOGGED MATERIAL, FINES, COMPOST AND RAW

PRODUCT ASSOCIATED WITH YARD WASTE AND

RECYCLING FACILITIES

1908.1 General. The storage and processing of wood chips,
hogged materials, fines, compost and raw product produced
from yard waste, debris and recycling facilities shall comply
with this section.

1908.2 Storage site. Storage sites shall be level and on sohd
ground or other all-weather surface. Sites shall be thoroughly
cleaned before transferring wood products to the site.

1908.3 Size of piles. Piles shall not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm)
in height, 150 feet (45 720 mm) in width and 250 feet (76 200
mm) in length.

1908.4 Pile separation. Piles shall be separated from adjacent
piles by approved fire apparatus access roads.

1908.5 Combustible waste. The storage, accumulation and
handling of combustible materials and control of vegetation
shall comply with Chapter 3.

1908.6 Static pile protection. Static piles shall be monitored
by an approved means to measui-e temperatures within the

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Static piles. Internal pile temperatures shall be monitored and
recorded weekly. Records shall be kept on file at the facility and
made available for inspection. An operational plan indicating
procedures and schedules for the inspection, monitoring and
restricting of excessive internal temperatures in static piles
shall be submitted to the fire code official for review and
approval.

1908.7 Pile fire protection. Automatic sprinkler protection
shall be provided in conveyor tunnels and combustible enclo-
sures that pass under a pile. Combustible conveyor systems and
enclosed conveyor systems shall be equipped with an approved
automatic sprinkler system.

1908.8 Fire extinguishers. Portable fu:e extinguishers com-
plying with Section 906 and with a minimum rating of
4-A:60-B:C shall be provided on all vehicles and equipment
operating on piles and at all processing equipment.

1908.9 Material-handling equipment. Approved mate-
rial-handhng equipment shall be available for moving wood
chips, hogged material, wood fines and raw product during
fire-fighting operations.

1908.10 Emergency plan. The owner or operator shall
develop a plan for monitoring, controlling and extinguishing
spot fires and submit the plan to the fire code official for review
and approval.

SECTION 1909

EXTERIOR STORAGE OF FINISHED LUMBER

PRODUCTS

1909.1 General. Exterior storage of finished lumber products
shall comply with this section.

1909.2 Size of piles. Exterior lumber storage shall be arranged
to form stable piles with a maximum height of 20 feet (6096
mm). Piles shall not exceed 150,000 cubic feet (4248 m^) in
volume.

1909.3 Fire apparatus access roads. Fire apparatus access
roads in accordance with Section 503 shall be located so that a
maximum grid system unit of 50 feet by 150 feet (15 240 mm
by 45 720 mm) is established.

1909.4 Security. Permanent lumber storage ai'eas shall be sur-
rounded with an approved fence. Fences shall be a minimum of
6 feet (1829 mm) in height.

Exception: Lumber piles inside of buildings and produc-
tion mills for lumber, plywood and veneer.

1909.5 Fire protection. An approved hydrant and hose system
or portable fire-extinguishing equipment suitable for the fire
hazard involved shall be provided for open storage yai^ds.
Hydrant and hose systems shall be installed in accordance with
NFPA 24. Portable fire extinguishers complying with Section
906 shall be located so that the travel distance to the nearest unit
does not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm).

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^^^ 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE- MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 20 - MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS

Adopting Agency

BSC

SFM

HCD

DBA

OSHPD

CSA

DHS

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

Adopt Entire Ciiapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only ttiose sections that are
listed below

Chapter /Section

Codes

2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

247

248 2007 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

CHAPTER 20

MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS

SECTION 2001
GENERAL

2001.1 Scope. Organic coating manufacturing processes shall
comply with this chapter except that this chapter shall not apply
to processes manufacturing nonflammable or water-thinned
coatings or to operations applying coating materials.

2001.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in
Appendix Chapter 1, Section 105.6.

2001.3 Maintenance. Sti'uctures and their service equipment
shall be maintained in accordance with this code and NFPA 35.

SECTION 2002
DEFINITIONS

2002.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code,
have the meaning shown herein.

ORGANIC COATING. A liquid mixture of binders such as
alkyd, nitrocellulose, acrylic or oil, and flammable and com-
bustible solvents such as hydrocarbon, ester, ketone or alcohol,
which, when spread in a thin film, convert to a durable protec-
tive and decorative, finish.

SECTION 2003
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

2003.1 Building features. Manufacturing of organic coatings
shall be done only in buildings that do not have pits or base-
ments.

2003.2 Location. Organic coating manufacturing operations
and operations incidental to or connected with orga