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NOTICE OF INCORPORATION
United States Legal Document
J^" All citizens and residents are hereby advised that
this is a legally binding document duly incorporated by
reference and that failure to comply with such
requirements as hereby detailed within may subject you
to criminal or civil penalties under the law. Ignorance of
the law shall not excuse noncompliance and it is the
responsibility of the citizens to inform themselves as to
the laws that are enacted in the United States of America
and in the states and cities contained therein. "^&
* *
ICC IPC (2012), the International Plumbing Code,
as mandated and incorporated by the States and
Municipalities including Maryland in the
Code of Maryland Administrative Regulations (COMAR)
Section 05.02.01.02.
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Intern atio
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CIL
INTERNATIONAL
PLUMBING
CODE 6
A Member of the International Code Family
ALSO INCLUDES
INTERNATIONAL
CODE COUNCIL 8
INTERNATIONAL
PLUMBING
CODE 8
A Member of the International Code Family®
Become a Building Safety Professional Member
and Learn More about the Code Council
GO TO WWW.ICCSAFE.ORG for All Your Technical and
Professional Needs Including:
> Codes, Standards and Guidelines
> Membership Benefits
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2012 International Plumbing Code'
First Printing: April 201 1
©
ISBN: 978-1-60983-053-3 (soft-cover edition)
ISBN: 978-1-60983-052-6 (loose-leaf edition)
COPYRIGHT ©2011
by
INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2012 International Plumbing Code® is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code
Council, Inc. Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed
or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way of
example, and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system). For information on
permission to copy material exceeding fair use, please contact: Publications, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills IL
60478-5795. Phone 1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233).
Trademarks: "International Code Council," the "International Code Council" logo and the "International Plumbing Code" are
trademarks of the International Code Council, Inc.
PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.
Introduction
IStJ? fes ft= BJL g Wra
Internationally, code officials recognize the need for a modern, up-to-date plumbing code address-
ing the design and installation of plumbing systems through requirements emphasizing perfor-
mance. The International Plumbing Code®, in this 2012 edition, is designed to meet these needs
through model code regulations that safeguard the public health and safety in all communities,
large and small.
This comprehensive plumbing code establishes minimum regulations for plumbing systems
using prescriptive and performance-related provisions. It is founded on broad-based principles that
make possible the use of new materials and new plumbing designs. This 2012 edition is fully com-
patible with all of the International Codes® (l-Codes®) published by the International Code Council
(ICC)®, including the International Building Code®, International Energy Conservation Code , Inter-
national Existing Building Code®, International Fire Code®, International Fuel Gas Code , Interna-
tional Green Construction Code™ (to be available March 2012), International Mechanical Code®, ICC
©
Performance Code w , International Private Sewage Disposal Code u , International Property Mainte
nance Code®, International Residential Code®, International Swimming Pool and Spa Code™ (to be
available March 2012), International Wildland-Urban Interface Code® and International Zoning
Code®.
The International Plumbing Code provisions provide many benefits, among which is the model
code development process that offers an international forum for plumbing professionals to discuss
performance and prescriptive code requirements. This forum provides an excellent arena to debate
proposed revisions. This model code also encourages international consistency in the application of
provisions.
Development
Adoption
The first edition of the International Plumbing Code (1995) was the culmination of an effort initiated
in 1994 by a development committee appointed by the ICC and consisting of representatives of the
three statutory members of the International Code Council at that time, including: Building Officials
and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA), International Conference of Building Officials
(ICBO) and Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI). The intent was to draft a com-
prehensive set of regulations for plumbing systems consistent with and inclusive of the scope of the
existing model codes. Technical content of the latest model codes promulgated by BOCA, ICBO and
SBCCI was utilized as the basis for the development. This 2012 edition presents the code as origi-
nally issued, with changes as reflected in the subsequent editions through 2009 and with changes
approved through the ICC Code Development Process through 2010. A new edition such as this is
promulgated every three years.
This code is founded on principles intended to establish provisions consistent with the scope of a
plumbing code that adequately protects public health, safety and welfare; provisions that do not
unnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not restrict the use of new materials,
products or methods of construction; and provisions that do not give preferential treatment to par-
ticular types or classes of materials, products or methods of construction.
The International Plumbing Code is available for adoption and use by jurisdictions internationally. Its
use within a governmental jurisdiction is intended to be accomplished through adoption by refer-
ence in accordance with proceedings establishing the jurisdiction's laws. At the time of adoption,
jurisdictions should insert the appropriate information in provisions requiring specific local informa-
tion, such as the name of the adopting jurisdiction. These locations are shown in bracketed words in
small capital letters in the code and in the sample ordinance. The sample adoption ordinance on
page xi addresses several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the information
required for insertion into the code text.
2012 INTERNATSONAL PLUMBING CODE E
Maintenance
The International Plumbing Code is kept up to date through the review of proposed changes submit-
ted by code enforcing officials, industry representatives, design professionals and other interested
parties. Proposed changes are carefully considered through an open code development process in
which all interested and affected parties may participate.
The contents of this work are subject to change both through the Code Development Cycles and
the governmental body that enacts the code into law. For more information regarding the code
development process, contact the Codes and Standards Development Department of the Interna-
tional Code Council.
While the development procedure of the International Plumbing Code ensures the highest
degree of care, ICC and ICC's members and those participating in the development of this code do
not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with the provisions, since ICC
and its members do not have the power or authority to police or enforce compliance with the con-
tents of this code. Only the governmental body that enacts the code into law has such authority.
£@de Development Committee Responsibilities
(Letter Designations in Front of Section Nymbers)
In each code development cycle, proposed changes to the code are considered at the Code Devel-
opment Hearings by the International Plumbing Code Development Committee, whose action con-
stitutes a recommendation to the voting membership for final action on the proposed change.
Proposed changes to a code section that has a number beginning with a letter in brackets are con-
sidered by a different code development committee. For example, proposed changes to code sec-
tions that have [B] in front of them (e.g. [B] 309.2) are considered by the appropriate International
Building Code Development Committee (IBC-General) at the code development hearings.
The content of sections in this code that begin with a letter designation is maintained by another
code development committee in accordance with the following:
[A] = Administrative Code Development Committee;
[B] = International Building Code Development Committee (IBC— Fire Safety, General, Means
of Egress or Structural);
[E] = International Energy Conservation Code Development Committee;
[F] = International Fire Code Development Committee; and
[M] = International Mechanical Code Development Committee.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
Note that, for the development of the 2015 edition of the l-Codes, there will be two groups of
code development committees and they will meet in separate years. The groupings are as follows:
Group A Codes
(Heard in 2012, Code Change Proposals
Deadline: January 3, 2012)
Group B Codes
(Heard in 2013, Code Change Proposals
Deadline: January 3, 2013)
International Building Code
Administrative Provisions (Chapter 1 all codes except
IRC and ICC PC, administrative updates to currently ref-
erenced standards, and designated definitions)
International Fuel Gas Code
International Energy Conservation Code
International Mechanical Code
International Existing Building Code
International Plumbing Code
International Fire Code
International Private Sewage
Disposal Code
International Green Construction Code
ICC Performance Code
International Property Maintenance Code
International Residential Code
International Swimming Pool and Spa Code
International Wildland-Urban Interface Code
International Zoning Code
Code change proposals submitted for code sections that have a letter designation in front of
them will be heard by the respective committee responsible for such code sections. Because differ-
ent committees will meet in different years, it is possible that some proposals for this code will be
heard by a committee in a different year than the year in which the primary committee for this code
meets.
For example, every section of Chapter 1 of this code is designated as the responsibility of the
Administrative Code Development Committee, and that committee is part of the Group B portion of
the hearings. This committee will conduct its code development hearings in 2013 to consider all
code change proposals for Chapter 1 of this code and proposals for Chapter 1 of all l-Codes except
the International Residential Code and the ICC Performance Code. Therefore, any proposals
received for Chapter 1 of this code will be deferred for consideration in 2013 by the Administrative
Code Development Committee.
Another example is Section 607.5 of this code which is designated as the responsibility of the
International Energy Conservation Code Development Committee. This committee will conduct its
code development hearings in 2013 to consider code change proposals in its purview, which
includes any proposals to Section 607.5.
In some cases, another committee in Group A will be responsible for a section of this code. For
example, Section 314.2 has a [M] in front of the numbered section, indicating that this section of
the code is the responsibility of the International Mechanical Code Development Committee. The
International Mechanical Code is in Group A; therefore, any code change proposals to this section
will be due before the Group A deadline of January 3, 2012, and these code change proposals will be
assigned to the International Mechanical Code Development Committee for consideration.
It is very important that anyone submitting code change proposals understand which code devel-
opment committee is responsible for the section of the code that is the subject of the code change
proposal. For further information on the code development committee responsibilities, please visit
the ICC web site at www.iccsafe.org/scoping.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
Marginal Markings
Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from the
requirements of the 2009 edition. Deletion indicators in the form of an arrow ( a* ) are provided in
the margin where an entire section, paragraph, exception or table has been deleted or an item in a
list of items or a table has been deleted.
A single asterisk [*] placed in the margin indicates that text or a table has been relocated within
the code. A double asterisk [**] placed in the margin indicates that the text or table immediately
following it has been relocated there from elsewhere in the code. The following table indicates such
relocations in the 2012 International Plumbing Code.
2012 LOCATION
2009 LOCATION
316.1 through 316.1.6
105.4 through 105.4.6
315.1
305.4
405.3.3,405.3.4,405.3.5
310.2,310.4,310.5
904
903
903
904
909
906
910
907
911
908
912
909
913
910
914
911
915
912
916
913
908
914
907
915
906
916
Italicized Terms
Selected terms set forth in Chapter 2, Definitions, are italicized where they appear in code text.
Such terms are not italicized where the definition set forth in Chapter 2 does not impart the
intended meaning in the use of the term. The terms selected have definitions which the user should
read carefully to facilitate better understanding of the code.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
EFTGCtiCV " IJ •** OF Wis J,lll®rilei£iWilSi tr ilJIlifli^g IwOO©
The International Plumbing Code (IPC) is a model code that regulates the design and installation of
plumbing systems including the plumbing fixtures in all types of buildings except for detached one-
and two-family dwellings and townhouses that are not more than three stories above grade in
height. The regulations for plumbing systems in one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses are
covered by Chapters 25 through 33 of the International Residential Code (IRC). The IPC addresses
general plumbing regulations, fixture requirements, water heater installations and systems for
water distribution, sanitary drainage, special wastes, venting, storm drainage and medical gases.
The IPC does not address fuel gas piping systems as those systems are covered by the International
Fuel Gas Code (IFGC). The IPC also does not regulate swimming pool piping systems, process piping
systems, or utility-owned piping and systems. The purpose of the IPC is to the establish the mini-
mum acceptable level of safety to protect life and property from the potential dangers associated
with supplying potable water to plumbing fixtures and outlets and the conveyance of bacteria-laden
waste water from fixtures.
The IPC is primarily a specification-oriented (prescriptive) code with some performance-oriented
text. For example, Section 405.1 is a performance statement but Chapter 6 contains the prescriptive
requirements that will cause Section 405.1 to be satisfied.
Where a building contains plumbing fixtures, those fixtures requiring water must be provided
with an adequate supply of water for proper operation. The number of required plumbing fixtures
for a building is specified by this code and is based upon the anticipated maximum number of occu-
pants for the building and the type of building occupancy. This code provides prescriptive criteria
for sizing piping systems connected to those fixtures. Through the use of code-approved materials
and the installation requirements specified in this code, plumbing systems will perform their
intended function over the life of the building. In summary, the IPC sets forth the minimum require-
ments for providing safe water to a building as well as a safe manner in which liquid-borne wastes
are carried away from a building.
Arrangement and Format of the 2012 IPC
The format of the IPC allows each chapter to be devoted to a particular subject with the exception
of Chapter 3 which contains general subject matters that are not extensive enough to warrant their
own independent chapter. The IPC is divided into thirteen different parts:
Chapters
Subjects
1-2
Administration and Definitions
3
General Regulations
4
Fixtures, Faucets and Fixture Fittings
5
Water Heaters
6
Water Supply and Distribution
7
Sanitary Drainage
8
Indirect/Special Wastes
9
Vents
10
Traps, Interceptors and Separators
11
Storm Drainage
12
Special Piping (Medical Gas)
13
Gray Water Recycling Systems
14
Referenced Standards
Appendices A-G
Appendices
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
The following is a chapter-by-chapter synopsis of the scope and intent of the provisions of the
International Plumbing Code:
Chapter I Scope and Administration. This chapter contains provisions for the application,
enforcement and administration of subsequent requirements of the code. In addition to establish-
ing the scope of the code, Chapter 1 identifies which buildings and structures come under its pur-
view. Chapter 1 is largely concerned with maintaining "due process of law" in enforcing the
requirements contained in the body of this code. Only through careful observation of the adminis-
trative provisions can the building official reasonably expect to demonstrate that "equal protection
under the law" has been provided.
Chapter 2 Definitions. Chapter 2 is the repository of the definitions of terms used in the body of
the code. Codes are technical documents and every word, term and punctuation mark can impact
the meaning of the code text and the intended results. The code often uses terms that have a
unique meaning in the code and the code meaning can differ substantially from the ordinarily
understood meaning of the term as used outside of the code.
The terms defined in Chapter 2 are deemed to be of prime importance in establishing the mean-
ing and intent of the code text that uses the terms. The user of the code should be familiar with and
consult this chapter because the definitions are essential to the correct interpretation of the code
and because the user may not be aware that a term is defined.
Where understanding of a term's definition is especially key to or necessary for understanding of
a particular code provision, the term is shown in italics wherever it appears in the code. This is true
only for those terms that have a meaning that is unique to the code. In other words, the generally
understood meaning of a term or phrase might not be sufficient or consistent with the meaning pre-
scribed by the code; therefore, it is essential that the code-defined meaning be known.
Guidance regarding tense, gender and plurality of defined terms as well as guidance regarding
terms not defined in this code is provided.
Chapter 3 General Regulations. The content of Chapter 3 is often referred to as "miscella-
neous," rather than general regulations. This is the only chapter in the code whose requirements do
not interrelate. If a requirement cannot be located in another chapter, it should be located in this
chapter. Chapter 3 contains safety requirements for the installation of plumbing and nonplumbing
requirements for all types of fixtures. This chapter also has requirements for the identification of
pipe, pipe fittings, traps, fixtures, materials and devices used in plumbing systems.
The safety requirements of this chapter provide protection for the building's structural mem-
bers, as well as prevent undue stress and strain on pipes. The building's structural stability is pro-
tected by the regulations for cutting and notching of structural members. Additional protection for
the building occupants includes requirements to maintain the plumbing in a safe and sanitary condi-
tion, as well as privacy for those occupants.
Chapter 4 Fixtures, Faucets and Fixture Fittings. This chapter regulates the minimum num-
ber of plumbing fixtures that must be provided for every type of building. This chapter also regu-
lates the quality of fixtures and faucets by requiring those items to comply with nationally
recognized standards. Because fixtures must be properly installed so that they are usable by the
occupants of the building, this chapter contains the requirements for the installation of fixtures.
Because the requirements for the number of plumbing fixtures affects the design of a building,
Chapter 29 of the International Building Code (IBC) includes, verbatim, many of the requirements
listed in Chapter 4 of this code.
Chapter 5 Water Heaters. Chapter 5 regulates the design, approval and installation of water
heaters and related safety devices. The intent is to minimize the hazards associated with the instal-
lation and operation of water heaters. Although this code does not regulate the size of a water
heater, it does regulate all other aspects of the water heater installation such as temperature and
pressure relief valves, safety drip pans, installation and connections. Where a water heater also sup-
plies water for space heating, this chapter regulates the maximum water temperature supplied to
the water distribution system.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
Chapter 6 Water Supply and Distribution. This chapter regulates the supply of potable water
from both public and individual sources to every fixture and outlet so that it remains potable and
uncontaminated. Chapter 6 also regulates the design of the water distribution system, which will
allow fixtures to function properly and also help prevent backflow conditions. The unique require-
ments of the water supply for health care facilities are addressed separately. It is critical that the
potable water supply system remain free of actual or potential sanitary hazards by providing protec-
tion against backflow.
Chapter 7 Sanitary Drainage. The purpose of Chapter 7 is to regulate the materials, design and
installation of sanitary drainage piping systems as well as the connections made to the system. The
intent is to design and install sanitary drainage systems that will function reliably, that are neither
undersized nor oversized and that are constructed from materials, fittings and connections as pre-
scribed herein. This chapter addresses the proper use of fittings for directing the flow into and
within the sanitary drain piping system. Materials and provisions necessary for servicing the drain-
age system are also included in this chapter.
Chapter 8 Indirect/Special Waste. This chapter regulates drainage installations that require
an indirect connection to the sanitary drainage system. Fixtures and plumbing appliances, such as
those associated with food preparation or handling, health care facilities and potable liquids, must
be protected from contamination that can result from connection to the drainage system. An indi-
rect connection prevents sewage from backing up into a fixture or appliance, thus providing protec-
tion against potential health hazards. The chapter also regulates special wastes containing
hazardous chemicals. Special waste must be treated to prevent any damage to the sanitary drainage
piping and to protect the sewage treatment processes.
Chapter 3 Vents. Chapter 9 covers the requirements for vents and venting. Knowing why venting
is required makes it easier to understand the intent of this chapter. Venting protects every trap
against the loss of its seal. Provisions set forth in this chapter are geared toward limiting the pres-
sure differentials in the drainage system to a maximum of 1 inch of water column (249 Pa) above or
below atmospheric pressure (i.e., positive or negative pressures).
Chapter 10 Traps, Interceptors and Separators. This chapter contains design requirements
and installation limitations for traps. Prohibited types of traps are specifically identified. Where fix-
tures do not frequently replenish the water in traps, a method is provided to ensure that the water
seal of the trap will be maintained. Requirements for the design and location of various types of
interceptors and separators are provided. Specific venting requirements are given for separators
and interceptors as those requirements are not addressed in Chapter 9.
Chapter 11 Storm Drainage. Chapter 11 regulates the removal of storm water typically associ-
ated with rainfall. The proper installation of a storm drainage system reduces the possibility of
structural collapse of a flat roof, prevents the leakage of water through the roof, prevents damage
to the footings and foundation of the building and prevents flooding of the lower levels of the build-
ing.
Chapter 12 Special Piping and Storage Systems. This chapter contains the requirements for
the design, installation, storage, handling and use of nonflammable medical gas systems, including
inhalation anesthetic and vacuum piping systems, bulk oxygen storage systems and oxygen-fuel gas
systems used for welding and cutting operations. The intent of these requirements is to minimize
the potential fire and explosion hazards associated with the gases used in these systems.
Chapter 13 Gray Water Recycling Systems. This chapter regulates the design and installation
of gray water collection and disposal systems. The reduction of the use of potable water in buildings
has led to the use of gray water for flushing of water closets and urinals and subsurface irrigation.
As such, this chapter provides the overall requirements for these systems.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE'
®
Chapter 14 Referenced Standards. The code contains numerous references to standards that
are used to regulate materials and methods of construction. Chapter 14 contains a comprehensive
list of all standards that are referenced in the code. The standards are part of the code to the extent
of the reference to the standard. Compliance with the referenced standard is necessary for compli-
ance with this code. By providing specifically adopted standards, the construction and installation
requirements necessary for compliance with the code can be readily determined. The basis for code
compliance is, therefore, established and available on an equal basis to the code official, contractor,
designer and owner.
Chapter 14 is organized in a manner that makes it easy to locate specific standards. It lists all of
the referenced standards, alphabetically, by acronym of the promulgating agency of the standard.
Each agency's standards are then listed in either alphabetical or numeric order based upon the stan-
dard identification. The list also contains the title of the standard; the edition (date) of the standard
referenced; any addenda included as part of the ICC adoption; and the section or sections of this
code that reference the standard.
Appendix A Plumbing Permit Fee Schedule. Appendix A provides a format for a fee schedule.
Appendix B Rates of Rainfall for Various Cities. Appendix B provides specific rainfall rates
for major cities in the United States.
Appendix C Vacuum Drainage System. Appendix C offers basic information on how a vacuum
drainage system relates to the code, should a vacuum drainage system be used for a building.
Appendix D Degree Day and Design Temperatures. This appendix provides valuable tem-
perature information for designers and installers of plumbing systems in areas where freezing tem-
peratures might exist.
Appendix E Sizing of Water Piping System. Appendix E provides two recognized methods for
sizing the water service and water distribution piping for any structure. The method under Section
E103 provides friction loss diagrams which require the user to "plot" points and read values from
the diagrams in order to perform the required calculations and necessary checks. This method is the
most accurate of the two presented in this appendix. The method under Section E201 is known to
be conservative; however, very few calculations are necessary in order to determine a pipe size that
satisfies the flow requirements of any application.
Appendix F Structural Safety. Appendix F is provided so that the user does not have to refer to
another code book for limitations for cutting, notching and boring of sawn lumber and cold-formed
steel framing.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
LEGISLATION
The International Codes are designed and promulgated to be adopted by reference by legislative action. Jurisdictions wishing to
adopt the 2012 International Plumbing Code as an enforceable regulation governing plumbing systems should ensure that cer-
tain factual information is included in the adopting legislation at the time adoption is being considered by the appropriate gov-
ernmental body. The following sample adoption legislation addresses several key elements, including the information required
for insertion into the code text.
SAMPLE LEGISLATION FOR ADOPTION OF
THE INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
ORDINANCE NO.
A[N] [ORDINANCE/STATUTE/REGULATION] of the [JURISDICTION] adopting the 2012 edition of the International Plumbing Code,
regulating and governing the design, construction, quality of materials, erection, installation, alteration, repair, location, reloca-
tion, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing systems in the [JURISDICTION]; providing for the issuance of per-
mits and collection of fees therefor; repealing [ORDINANCE/STATUTE/REGULATION] No. of the [JURISDICTION] and all
other ordinances or parts of laws in conflict therewith.
The [GOVERNING BODY] of the [JURISDICTION] does ordain as follows:
Section 1. That a certain document, three (3) copies of which are on file in the office of the [TITLE OF JURISDICTION'S KEEPER
OF RECORDS] of [NAME OF JURISDICTION], being marked and designated as the International Plumbing Code, 2012 edition,
including Appendix Chapters [FILL IN THE APPENDIX CHAPTERS BEING ADOPTED], as published by the International Code Coun-
cil, be and is hereby adopted as the Plumbing Code of the [JURISDICTION], in the State of [STATE NAME] regulating and govern-
ing the design, construction, quality of materials, erection, installation, alteration, repair, location, relocation, replacement,
addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing systems as herein provided; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of
fees therefor; and each and all of the regulations, provisions, penalties, conditions and terms of said Plumbing Code on file in the
office of the [JURISDICTION] are hereby referred to, adopted, and made a part hereof, as if fully set out in this legislation, with the
additions, insertions, deletions and changes, if any, prescribed in Section 2 of this ordinance.
Section 2. The following sections are hereby revised;
Section 101.1. Insert: [NAME OF JURISDICTION]
Section 106.6.2. Insert: [APPROPRIATE SCHEDULE]
Section 106.6.3. Insert: [PERCENTAGES IN TWO LOCATIONS]
Section 108.4. Insert: [OFFENSE, DOLLAR AMOUNT, NUMBER OF DAYS]
Section 108.5. Insert: [DOLLAR AMOUNT IN TWO LOCATIONS]
Section 305.6.1. Insert: [NUMBER OF INCHES IN TWO LOCATIONS]
Section 904.1. Insert: [NUMBER OF INCHES]
Section 3. That [ORDINANCE/STATUTE/REGULATION] No. of [JURISDICTION] entitled [FILL IN HERE THE COMPLETE
TITLE OF THE LEGISLATION OR LAWS IN EFFECT AT THE PRESENT TIME SO THAT THEY WILL BE REPEALED BY DEFINITE MEN-
TION] and all other ordinances or parts of laws in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.
Section 4. That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this legislation is, for any reason, held to be unconstitu-
tional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The [GOVERNING BODY] hereby
declares that it would have passed this law, and each section, subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that
any one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional.
Section 5. That nothing in this legislation or in the Plumbing Code hereby adopted shall be construed to affect any suit or pro-
ceeding impending in any court, or any rights acquired, or liability incurred, or any cause or causes of action acquired or exist-
ing, under any act or ordinance hereby repealed as cited in Section 3 of this law; nor shall any just or legal right or remedy of any
character be lost, impaired or affected by this legislation.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® x j
Section 6. That the [JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF RECORDS] is hereby ordered and directed to cause this legislation to be pub-
lished. (An additional provision may be required to direct the number of times the legislation is to be published and to specify
that it is to be in a newspaper in general circulation. Posting may also be required.)
Section 7. That this law and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted hereby
shall take effect and be in full force and effect [TIME PERIOD] from and after the date of its final passage and adoption.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 15
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION ... 1
PART 1— SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1
Section
101 General 1
102 Applicability 1
PART 2— ADMINISTRATION AND
ENFORCEMENT 2
Section
103 Department of Plumbing Inspection 2
104 Duties and Powers of the Code Official 2
105 Approval 3
106 Permits 3
107 Inspections and Testing 5
108 Violations 6
109 Means of Appeal 7
1 10 Temporary Equipment, Systems and Uses 8
CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 9
Section
201 General 9
202 General Definitions 9
CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS 17
Section
301 General 17
302 Exclusion of Materials Detrimental
to the Sewer System 17
303 Materials 17
304 Rodentproofing 17
305 Protection of Pipes and Plumbing
System Components 18
306 Trenching, Excavation and Backfill 18
307 Structural Safety 19
308 Piping Support 19
309 Flood Hazard Resistance 20
3 1 Washroom and Toilet Room
Requirements 20
311 Toilet Facilities for Workers 20
312 Tests and Inspections 20
313 Equipment Efficiencies 21
314 Condensate Disposal 21
315 Penetrations 22
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
316 Alternative Engineered Design 22
CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND
FIXTURE FITTINGS .25
Section
401 General 25
402 Fixture Materials 25
403 Minimum Plumbing Facilities 25
404 Accessible Plumbing Facilities 29
405 Installation of Fixtures 29
406 Automatic Clothes Washers 30
407 Bathtubs 30
408 Bidets 30
409 Dishwashing Machines 30
410 Drinking Fountains 31
411 Emergency Showers and Eyewash
Stations 31
412 Floor and Trench Drains 31
413 Food Waste Grinder Units 31
414 Garbage Can Washers 31
415 Laundry Trays 31
416 Lavatories 31
417 Showers 32
418 Sinks 33
419 Urinals 33
420 Water Closets 33
421 Whirlpool Bathtubs 33
422 Health Care Fixtures and Equipment 34
423 Specialty Plumbing Fixtures 34
424 Faucets and Other Fixture Fittings 34
425 Flushing Devices for Water Closets
and Urinals 35
426 Manual Food and Beverage
Dispensing Equipment 35
427 Floor Sinks 36
CHAPTER 5 WATER HEATERS .37
Section
501 General 37
502 Installation 37
503 Connections 37
504 Safety Devices 38
505 Insulation 38
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND
DISTRIBUTION 39
Section
601 General 39
602 Water Required 39
603 Water Service 39
604 Design of Building Water Distribution
System 40
605 Materials, Joints and Connections 41
606 Installation of the Building Water
Distribution System 46
607 Hot Water Supply System 47
608 Protection of Potable Water Supply 48
609 Health Care Plumbing 53
610 Disinfection of Potable Water System 54
61 1 Drinking Water Treatment Units 54
612 Solar Systems 54
613 Temperature Control Devices and Valves 54
CHAPTER 7 SANITARY DRAINAGE 55
Section
701 General 55
702 Materials 55
703 Building Sewer 57
704 Drainage Piping Installation 57
705 Joints 57
706 Connections Between Drainage Piping
and Fittings 60
707 Prohibited Joints and Connections 61
708 Cleanouts 61
709 Fixture Units 62
710 Drainage System Sizing 62
711 Offsets in Drainage Piping in Buildings
of Five Stories or More 64
712 Sumps and Ejectors 64
713 Health Care Plumbing 65
714 Computerized Drainage Design 67
715 Backwater Valves 67
CHAPTER 8 INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE ..... 69
Section
801 General 69
802 Indirect Wastes 69
803 Special Wastes 70
804 Materials, Joints and Connections 70
CHAPTER 9 VENTS 71
Section
901 General 71
902 Materials 71
903 Vent Terminals 71
904 Outdoor Vent Extensions 71
905 Vent Connections and Grades 72
906 Vent Pipe Sizing 72
907 Vents for Stack Offsets 74
908 Relief Vents— Stacks of More Than
10 Branch Intervals 74
909 Fixture Vents 74
910 Individual Vent 75
911 Common Vent 75
912 Wet Venting 75
913 Waste Stack Vent 75
914 Circuit Venting 76
915 Combination Waste and Vent System 76
916 Island Fixture Venting 77
917 Single Stack Vent System 77
918 Air Admittance Valves 78
919 Engineered Vent Systems 78
920 Computerized Vent Design 79
CHAPTER 10 TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS
AND SEPARATORS. 81
Section
1001 General 81
1002 Trap Requirements 81
1003 Interceptors and Separators 82
1004 Materials, Joints and Connections 83
CHAPTER 11 STORM DRAINAGE 85
Section
1101 General 85
1 102 Materials 85
1103 Traps 86
1104 Conductors and Connections 86
1105 Roof Drains 86
1 106 Size of Conductors, Leaders and
Storm Drains 86
1 107 Siphonic Roof Drainage Systems 94
1108 Secondary (Emergency) Roof Drains 94
1109 Combined Sanitary and Storm System 95
1110 Values for Continuous Flow 95
XIV
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1111 Controlled Flow Roof Drain Systems 95
1112 Subsoil Drains 95
1 1 13 Building Subdrains 95
1 1 14 Sumps and Pumping Systems 95
CHAPTER 12 SPECIAL PIPING AND
STORAGE SYSTEMS 97
Section
1201 General 97
1202 Medical Gases 97
1203 Oxygen Systems 97
CHAPTER 13 GRAY WATER
RECYCLING SYSTEMS 99
Section
1301 General 99
1302 Systems for Flushing
Water Closets and Urinals 100
1303 Subsurface Landscape Irrigation Systems 100
CHAPTER 14 REFERENCED STANDARDS 103
APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE
SCHEDULE 113
Permit Issuance 113
Unit Fee Schedule 1 13
Other Inspections and Fees 113
APPENDIX B RATES OF RAINFALL FOR
VARIOUS CITIES 115
APPENDIX C VACUUM DRAINAGE
SYSTEM 117
Section
C101 Vacuum Drainage System 117
APPENDIX D DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN
TEMPERATURES 119
APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING
SYSTEM 125
Section
E101 General 125
E102 Information Required 125
E103 Selection of Pipe Size 125
E201 Selection of Pipe Size 142
E202 Determination of Pipe Volumes 142
APPENDIX F STRUCTURAL SAFETY.
Section
F101 Cutting, Notching and Boring in
Wood Members
INDEX .
147
147
149
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CHAPTER 1
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
PART 1— SCOPE AND APPLICATION
SECTION 101
GENERAL
[A] 101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the
International Plumbing Code of [NAME OF JURISDICTION]
hereinafter referred to as "this code."
[A] 101.2 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to
the erection, installation, alteration, repairs, relocation,
replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing
systems within this jurisdiction. This code shall also regulate
nonflammable medical gas, inhalation anesthetic, vacuum
piping, nonmedical oxygen systems and sanitary and conden-
sate vacuum collection systems. The installation of fuel gas
distribution piping and equipment, fuel-gas-fired water heat-
ers and water heater venting systems shall be regulated by the
International Fuel Gas Code. Provisions in the appendices
shall not apply unless specifically adopted.
Exception: Detached one- and two-family dwellings and
multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more
than three stories high with separate means of egress and
their accessory structures shall comply with the Interna-
tional Residential Code.
[A] 101.3 Intent. The purpose of this code is to provide min-
imum standards to safeguard life or limb, health, property and
public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, con-
struction, installation, quality of materials, location, operation
and maintenance or use of plumbing equipment and systems.
[A] 101.4 Severability. If any section, subsection, sentence,
clause or phrase of this code is for any reason held to be
unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of
the remaining portions of this code.
SECTION 102
APPLICABILITY
[A] 102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a gen-
eral requirement and a specific requirement, the specific
requirement shall govern. Where, in any specific case, differ-
ent sections of this code specify different materials, methods
of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive
shall govern.
[A] 102.2 Existing installations. Plumbing systems lawfully
in existence at the time of the adoption of this code shall be
permitted to have their use and maintenance continued if the
use, maintenance or repair is in accordance with the original
design and no hazard to life, health or property is created by
such plumbing system.
[A] 102.3 Maintenance. All plumbing systems, materials
and appurtenances, both existing and new, and all parts
thereof, shall be maintained in proper operating condition in
accordance with the original design in a safe and sanitary
condition. All devices or safeguards required by this code
shall be maintained in compliance with the code edition
under which they were installed.
The owner or the owner's designated agent shall be
responsible for maintenance of plumbing systems. To deter-
mine compliance with this provision, the code official shall
have the authority to require any plumbing system to be rein-
spected.
[A] 102.4 Additions, alterations or repairs. Additions,
alterations, renovations or repairs to any plumbing system
shall conform to that required for a new plumbing system
without requiring the existing plumbing system to comply
with all the requirements of this code. Additions, alterations
or repairs shall not cause an existing system to become
unsafe, insanitary or overloaded.
Minor additions, alterations, renovations and repairs to
existing plumbing systems shall meet the provisions for new
construction, unless such work is done in the same manner
and arrangement as was in the existing system, is not hazard-
ous and is approved.
[A] 102.5 Change in occupancy. It shall be unlawful to
make any change in the occupancy of any structure that will
subject the structure to any special provision of this code
applicable to the new occupancy without approval of the code
official. The code official shall certify that such structure
meets the intent of the provisions of law governing building
construction for the proposed new occupancy and that such
change of occupancy does not result in any hazard to the pub-
lic health, safety or welfare.
[A] 102.6 Historic buildings. The provisions of this code
relating to the construction, alteration, repair, enlargement,
restoration, relocation or moving of buildings or structures
shall not be mandatory for existing buildings or structures
identified and classified by the state or local jurisdiction as
historic buildings when such buildings or structures are
judged by the code official to be safe and in the public inter-
est of health, safety and welfare regarding any proposed con-
struction, alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration,
relocation or moving of buildings.
[A] 102.7 Moved buildings. Except as determined by Sec-
tion 102.2, plumbing systems that are a part of buildings or
structures moved into or within the jurisdiction shall comply
with the provisions of this code for new installations.
[A] 102.8 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and
standards referenced in this code shall be those that are listed
in Chapter 14 and such codes and standards shall be consid- |
ered as part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed
extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sec- I
tions 102.8.1 and 102.8.2. " 1
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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[A] 102.8.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between pro-
visions of this code and the referenced standards, the pro-
visions of this code shall apply.
[A] 102.8.2 Provisions in referenced codes and stan-
dards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced
code or standard includes subject matter that is within the
scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applica-
ble, shall take precedence over the provisions in the refer-
enced code or standard.
[A] 102.9 Requirements not covered by code. Any require-
ments necessary for the strength, stability or proper operation
of an existing or proposed plumbing system, or for the public
safety, health and general welfare, not specifically covered by
this code shall be determined by the code official.
[A] 102.10 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not
be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal
law.
[A] 102.11 Application of references. Reference to chapter
section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified
by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section
or provision of this code.
PART 2— ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
SECTION 103
DEPARTMENT OF PLUMBING INSPECTION
[A] 103.1 General. The department of plumbing inspection
is hereby created and the executive official in charge thereof
shall be known as the code official.
[A] 103.2 Appointment. The code official shall be appointed
by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction.
[A] 103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed proce-
dures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the
appointing authority, the code official shall have the authority
to appoint a deputy code official, other related technical offi-
cers, inspectors and other employees. Such employees shall
have powers as delegated by the code official.
[A] 103.4 Liability. The code official, member of the board
of appeals or employee charged with the enforcement of this
code, while acting for the jurisdiction in good faith and with-
out malice in the discharge of the duties required by this code
or other pertinent law or ordinance, shall not thereby be ren-
dered liable personally, and is hereby relieved from all per-
sonal liability for any damage accruing to persons or property
as a result of any act or by reason of an act or omission in the
discharge of official duties.
Any suit instituted against any officer or employee
because of an act performed by that officer or employee in
the lawful discharge of duties and under the provisions of this
code shall be defended by the legal representative of the juris-
diction until the final termination of the proceedings. The
code official or any subordinate shall not be liable for costs in
any action, suit or proceeding that is instituted in pursuance
of the provisions of this code.
SECTION 104
DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL
[A] 104.1 General. The code official is hereby authorized
and directed to enforce the provisions of this code. The code
official shall have the authority to render interpretations of
this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to
clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations,
policies and procedures shall be in compliance with the intent
and purpose of this code. Such policies and procedures shall
not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically pro-
vided for in this code.
[A] 104.2 Applications and permits. The code official shall
receive applications, review construction documents and
issue permits for the installation and alteration of plumbing
systems, inspect the premises for which such permits have
been issued, and enforce compliance with the provisions of
this code.
[A] 104.3 Inspections. The code official shall make all the
required inspections, or shall accept reports of inspection by
approved agencies or individuals. All reports of such inspec-
tions shall be in writing and be certified by a responsible offi-
cer of such approved agency or by the responsible individual.
The code official is authorized to engage such expert opinion
as deemed necessary to report on unusual technical issues
that arise, subject to the approval of the appointing authority.
[A] 104.4 Right of entry. Whenever it is necessary to make
an inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or when-
ever the code official has reasonable cause to believe that
there exists in any building or upon any premises any condi-
tions or violations of this code that make the building or
premises unsafe, insanitary, dangerous or hazardous, the code
official shall have the authority to enter the building or prem-
ises at all reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties
imposed upon the code official by this code. If such building
or premises is occupied, the code official shall present cre-
dentials to the occupant and request entry. If such building or
premises is unoccupied, the code official shall first make a
reasonable effort to locate the owner or other person having
charge or control of the building or premises and request
entry. If entry is refused, the code official shall have recourse
to every remedy provided by law to secure entry.
When the code official shall have first obtained a proper
inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure
entry, no owner or occupant or person having charge, care or
control of any building or premises shall fail or neglect, after
proper request is made as herein provided, to promptly permit
entry therein by the code official for the purpose of inspection
and examination pursuant to this code.
[A] 104.5 Identification. The code official shall carry proper
identification when inspecting structures or premises in the
performance of duties under this code.
[A] 104.6 Notices and orders. The code official shall issue
all necessary notices or orders to ensure compliance with this
code.
[A] 104.7 Department records. The code official shall keep
official records of applications received, permits and certifi-
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
cates issued, fees collected, reports of inspections, and
notices and orders issued. Such records shall be retained in
the official records for the period required for the retention of
public records.
SECTION 105
APPROVAL
[A] 105.1 Modifications. Whenever there are practical diffi-
culties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code,
the code official shall have the authority to grant modifica-
tions for individual cases, upon application of the owner or
owner's representative, provided the code official shall first
find that special individual reason makes the strict letter of
this code impractical and the modification conforms to the
intent and purpose of this code and that such modification
does not lessen health, life and fire safety requirements. The
details of action granting modifications shall be recorded and
entered in the files of the plumbing inspection department.
[A] 105.2 Alternative materials, methods and equipment.
The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the
installation of any material or to prohibit any method of con-
struction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided
that any such alternative has been approved. An alternative
material or method of construction shall be approved where
the code official finds that the proposed alternative material,
method or equipment complies with the intent of the provi-
sions of this code and is at least the equivalent of that pre-
scribed in this code.
[A] 105.2.1 Research reports. Supporting data, where
necessary to assist in the approval of materials or assem-
blies not specifically provided for in this code, shall con-
sist of valid research reports from approved sources.
[A] 105.3 Required testing. Whenever there is insufficient
evidence of compliance with the provisions of this code, or
evidence that a material or method does not conform to the
requirements of this code, or in order to substantiate claims
for alternate materials or methods, the code official shall have
the authority to require tests as evidence of compliance to be
made at no expense to the jurisdiction.
[A] 105.3.1 Test methods. Test methods shall be as speci-
fied in this code or by other recognized test standards. In
the absence of recognized and accepted test methods, the
code official shall approve the testing procedures.
[A] 105.3.2 Testing agency. All tests shall be performed
by an approved agency.
[A] 105.3.3 Test reports. Reports of tests shall be retained
by the code official for the period required for retention of
public records.
[A] 105.4 Approved materials and equipment. Materials.
equipment and devices approved by the code official shall be
constructed and installed in accordance with such approval.
[A] 105.4.1 Material and equipment reuse. Materials,
equipment and devices shall not be reused unless such ele-
ments have been reconditioned, tested, placed in good and
proper working condition and approved.
SECTION 106
PERMITS
[A] 106.1 When required. Any owner, authorized agent or
contractor who desires to construct, enlarge, alter, repair,
move, demolish or change the occupancy of a building or
structure, or to erect, install, enlarge, alter, repair, remove,
convert or replace any plumbing system, the installation of
which is regulated by this code, or to cause any such work to
be done, shall first make application to the code official and
obtain the required permit for the work.
[A] 106.2 Exempt work. The following work shall be
exempt from the requirement for a permit:
1. The stopping of leaks in drains, water, soil, waste or
vent pipe provided, however, that if any concealed trap,
drainpipe, water, soil, waste or vent pipe becomes
defective and it becomes necessary to remove and
replace the same with new material, such work shall be
considered as new work and a permit shall be obtained
and inspection made as provided in this code.
2. The clearing of stoppages or the repairing of leaks in
pipes, valves or fixtures, and the removal and reinstal-
lation of water closets, provided such repairs do not
involve or require the replacement or rearrangement of
valves, pipes or fixtures.
Exemption from the permit requirements of this code shall
not be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done
in violation of the provisions of this code or any other laws or
ordinances of this jurisdiction.
[A] 106.3 Application for permit. Each application for a
permit, with the required fee, shall be filed with the code offi-
cial on a form furnished for that purpose and shall contain a
general description of the proposed work and its location. The
application shall be signed by the owner or an authorized
agent. The permit application shall indicate the proposed
occupancy of all parts of the building and of that portion of
the site or lot, if any, not covered by the building or structure
and shall contain such other information required by the code
official.
[A] 106.3.1 Construction documents. Construction doc-
uments, engineering calculations, diagrams and other such
data shall be submitted in two or more sets with each
application for a permit. The code official shall require
construction documents, computations and specifications
to be prepared and designed by a registered design profes-
sional when required by state law. Construction docu-
ments shall be drawn to scale and shall be of sufficient
clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the
work proposed and show in detail that the work conforms
to the provisions of this code. Construction documents for
buildings more than two stories in height shall indicate
where penetrations will be made for pipes, fittings and
components and shall indicate the materials and methods
for maintaining required structural safety, fire-resistance
rating and fireblocking.
Exception: The code official shall have the authority to
waive the submission of construction documents, cal-
culations or other data if the nature of the work applied
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 19
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
for is such that reviewing of construction documents is
not necessary to determine compliance with this code.
[A] 106.3.2 Preliminary Inspection. Before a permit is
issued, the code official is authorized to inspect and evalu-
ate the systems, equipment, buildings, devices, premises
and spaces or areas to be used.
[A] 106.3.3 Time limitation of application. An applica-
tion for a permit for any proposed work shall be deemed to
have been abandoned 180 days after the date of filing,
unless such application has been pursued in good faith or a
permit has been issued; except that the code official shall
have the authority to grant one or more extensions of time
for additional periods not exceeding 180 days each. The
extension shall be requested in writing and justifiable
cause demonstrated.
[A ] 1 06.4 By whom application is made. Application for a
permit shall be made by the person or agent to install all or
part of any plumbing system. The applicant shall meet all
qualifications established by statute, or by rules promulgated
by this code, or by ordinance or by resolution. The full name
and address of the applicant shall be stated in the application.
[A] 106.5 Permit issuance. The application, construction
documents and other data filed by an applicant for permit
shall be reviewed by the code official. If the code official
finds that the proposed work conforms to the requirements of
this code and all laws and ordinances applicable thereto, and
that the fees specified in Section 106.6 have been paid, a per-
mit shall be issued to the applicant.
[A] 106.5.1 Approved construction documents. When
the code official issues the permit where construction doc-
uments are required, the construction documents shall be
endorsed in writing and stamped "APPROVED." Such
approved construction documents shall not be changed,
modified or altered without authorization from the code
official. All work shall be done in accordance with the
approved construction documents.
The code official shall have the authority to issue a per-
mit for the construction of a part of a plumbing system
before the entire construction documents for the whole
system have been submitted or approved, provided ade-
quate information and detailed statements have been filed
complying with all pertinent requirements of this code.
The holders of such permit shall proceed at their own risk
without assurance that the permit for the entire plumbing
system will be granted.
[A] 106.5.2 Validity. The issuance of a permit or approval
of construction documents shall not be construed to be a
permit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the
provisions of this code or any other ordinance of the juris-
diction. No permit presuming to give authority to violate
or cancel the provisions of this code shall be valid.
The issuance of a permit based upon construction docu-
ments and other data shall not prevent the code official
from thereafter requiring the correction of errors in said
construction documents and other data or from preventing
building operations being carried on thereunder when in
violation of this code or of other ordinances of this juris-
diction.
[A] 106.5.3 Expiration. Every permit issued by the code
official under the provisions of this code shall expire by
limitation and become null and void if the work authorized
by such permit is not commenced within 180 days from
the date of such permit, or if the work authorized by such
permit is suspended or abandoned at any time after the
work is commenced for a period of 1 80 days. Before such
work can be recommenced, a new permit shall be first
obtained and the fee therefor shall be one-half the amount
required for a new permit for such work, provided no
changes have been made or will be made in the original
construction documents for such work, and provided fur-
ther that such suspension or abandonment has not
exceeded 1 year.
[Aj 106.5.4 Extensions. Any permittee holding an unex-
pired permit shall have the right to apply for an extension
of the time within which the permittee will commence
work under that permit when work is unable to be com-
menced within the time required by this section for good
and satisfactory reasons. The code official shall extend the
time for action by the permittee for a period not exceeding
1 80 days if there is reasonable cause. No permit shall be
extended more than once. The fee for an extension shall be
one-half the amount required for a new permit for such
work.
[A] 106.5.5 Suspension or revocation of permit. The
code official shall have the authority to suspend or revoke
a permit issued under the provisions of this code wherever
the permit is issued in error or on the basis of incorrect,
inaccurate or incomplete information, or in violation of
any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of this
code.
[A] 106.5.6 Retention of construction documents. One
set of approved construction documents shall be retained
by the code official for a period of not less than 180 days
from date of completion of the permitted work, or as
required by state or local laws.
One set of approved construction documents shall be
returned to the applicant, and said set shall be kept on the
site of the building or work at all times during which the
work authorized thereby is in progress.
[A] 106.5.7 Previous approvals. This code shall not
require changes in the construction documents, construc-
tion or designated occupancy of a structure for which a
lawful permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise law-
fully authorized, and the construction of which has been
pursued in good faith within 180 days after the effective
date of this code and has not been abandoned.
[A] 106.5.8 Posting of permit. The permit or a copy shall
be kept on the site of the work until the completion of the
project.
[A] 106.6 Fees. A permit shall not be issued until the fees
prescribed in Section 106.6.2 have been paid, and an amend-
ment to a permit shall not be released until the additional fee,
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
if any, due to an increase of the plumbing systems, has been
paid.
[A] 106.6.1 Work commencing before permit issuance.
Any person who commences any work on a plumbing sys-
tem before obtaining the necessary permits shall be subject
to 100 percent of the usual permit fee in addition to the
required permit fees.
[A] 106.6.2 Fee schedule. The fees for all plumbing work
shall be as indicated in the following schedule:
[JURISDICTION TO INSERT APPROPRIATE SCHEDULE]
[A] 106.6.3 Fee refunds. The code official shall authorize
the refunding of fees as follows:
1 . The full amount of any fee paid hereunder that was
erroneously paid or collected.
2. Not more than [SPECIFY PERCENTAGE] percent of the
permit fee paid when no work has been done under a
permit issued in accordance with this code.
3. Not more than [SPECIFY PERCENTAGE] percent of the
plan review fee paid when an application for a per-
mit for which a plan review fee has been paid is
withdrawn or canceled before any plan review effort
has been expended.
The code official shall not authorize the refunding of
any fee paid except upon written application filed by the
original permittee not later than 180 days after the date of
fee payment.
SECTION 107
INSPECTIONS AND TESTING
[A] 107.1 General. The code official is authorized to conduct
such inspections as are deemed necessary to determine com-
pliance with the provisions of this code. Construction or work
for which a permit is required shall be subject to inspection
by the code official, and such construction or work shall
remain accessible and exposed for inspection purposes until
approved. Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be
construed to be an approval of a violation of the provisions of
this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspec-
tions presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the pro-
visions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction
shall not be valid. It shall be the duty of the permit applicant
to cause the work to remain accessible and exposed for
inspection purposes. Neither the code official nor the jurisdic-
tion shall be liable for expense entailed in the removal or
replacement of any material required to allow inspection.
[A] 107.2 Required inspections and testing. The code offi-
cial, upon notification from the permit holder or the permit
holder' s agent, shall make the following inspections and such
other inspections as necessary, and shall either release that
portion of the construction or shall notify the permit holder or
an agent of any violations that must be corrected. The holder
of the permit shall be responsible for the scheduling of such
inspections.
1 . Underground inspection shall be made after trenches or
ditches are excavated and bedded, piping installed, and
before any backfill is put in place.
2. Rough-in inspection shall be made after the roof, fram-
ing, fireblocking, firestopping, draftstopping and brac-
ing is in place and all sanitary, storm and water
distribution piping is roughed-in, and prior to the instal-
lation of wall or ceiling membranes.
3. Final inspection shall be made after the building is
complete, all plumbing fixtures are in place and prop-
erly connected, and the structure is ready for occu-
pancy.
[A] 107.2.1 Other inspections. In addition to the inspec-
tions specified above, the code official is authorized to
make or require other inspections of any construction
work to ascertain compliance with the provisions of this
code and other laws that are enforced.
[A] 107.2.2 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the
holder of the permit or their duly authorized agent to
notify the code official when work is ready for inspection.
It shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide access
to and means for inspections of such work that are
required by this code.
[A] 107.2.3 Approval required. Work shall not be done
beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection
without first obtaining the approval of the code official.
The code official, upon notification, shall make the
requested inspections and shall either indicate the portion
of the construction that is satisfactory as completed, or
notify the permit holder or his or her agent wherein the
same fails to comply with this code. Any portions that do
not comply shall be corrected and such portion shall not be
covered or concealed until authorized by the code official.
[A] 107.2.4 Approved agencies. The code official is
authorized to accept reports of approved inspection agen-
cies, provided that such agencies satisfy the requirements
as to qualifications and reliability.
[A] 107.2.5 Evaluation and follow-up inspection ser-
vices. Prior to the approval of a closed, prefabricated
plumbing system and the issuance of a plumbing permit,
the code official shall require the submittal of an evalua-
tion report on each prefabricated plumbing system indicat-
ing the complete details of the plumbing system, including
a description of the system and its components, the basis
upon which the plumbing system is being evaluated, test
results and similar information, and other data as neces-
sary for the code official to determine conformance to this
code.
[A] 107.2.5.1 Evaluation service. The code official
shall designate the evaluation service of an approved
agency as the evaluation agency, and review such
agency's evaluation report for adequacy and confor-
mance to this code.
[A] 107.2.5.2 Follow-up inspection. Except where
ready access is provided to all plumbing systems, ser-
vice equipment and accessories for complete inspection
at the site without disassembly or dismantling, the code
official shall conduct the frequency of in-plant inspec-
tions necessary to ensure conformance to the approved
evaluation report or shall designate an independent,
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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approved inspection agency to conduct such inspec-
tions. The inspection agency shall furnish the code offi-
cial with the follow-up inspection manual and a report
of inspections upon request, and the plumbing system
shall have an identifying label permanently affixed to
the system indicating that factory inspections have been
performed.
[A] 107.2.5.3 Test and inspection records. All
required test and inspection records shall be available
to the code official at all times during the fabrication of
the plumbing system and the erection of the building,
or such records as the code official designates shall be
filed.
[A] 107.3 Special inspections. Special inspections of alter-
native engineered design plumbing systems shall be con-
ducted in accordance with Sections 107.3.1 and 107.3.2.
[A] 107.3.1 Periodic inspection. The registered design
professional or designated inspector shall periodically
inspect and observe the alternative engineered design to
determine that the installation is in accordance with the
approved construction documents. All discrepancies shall
be brought to the immediate attention of the plumbing
contractor for correction. Records shall be kept of all
inspections.
[A] 107.3.2 Written report. The registered design profes-
sional shall submit a final report in writing to the code
official upon completion of the installation, certifying that
the alternative engineered design conforms to the
approved construction documents. A notice of approval
for the plumbing system shall not be issued until a written
certification has been submitted.
[A] 107.4 Testing. Plumbing work and systems shall be
tested as required in Section 312 and in accordance with Sec-
tions 107.4.1 through 107.4.3. Tests shall be made by the per-
mit holder and observed by the code official.
[A] 107.4.1 New, altered, extended or repaired systems.
New plumbing systems and parts of existing systems that
have been altered, extended or repaired shall be tested as
prescribed herein to disclose leaks and defects, except that
testing is not required in the following cases:
1 In any case that does not include addition to,
replacement, alteration or relocation of any water
supply, drainage or vent piping.
2. In any case where plumbing equipment is set up
temporarily for exhibition purposes.
[A] 107.4.2 Equipment, material and labor for tests. All
equipment, material and labor required for testing a
plumbing system or part thereof shall be furnished by the
permit holder.
[A] 107.4.3 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or
installation does not pass any initial test or inspection, the
necessary corrections shall be made to comply with this
code. The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to
the code official for inspection and testing.
[A] 107.5 Approval. After the prescribed tests and inspec-
tions indicate that the work complies in all respects with this
code, a notice of approval shall be issued by the code official.
[Aj 107.5.1 Revocation. The code official is authorized
to, in writing, suspend or revoke a notice of approval
issued under the provisions of this code wherever the
notice is issued in error, or on the basis of incorrect infor-
mation supplied, or where it is determined that the build-
ing or structure, premise or portion thereof is in violation
of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of
this code.
[A] 107.6 Temporary connection. The code official shall
have the authority to authorize the temporary connection of
the building or system to the utility source for the purpose of
testing plumbing systems or for use under a temporary certif-
icate of occupancy.
[A] 107.7 Connection of service utilities. A person shall not
make connections from a utility, source of energy, fuel,
power, water system or sewer system to any building or sys-
tem that is regulated by this code for which a permit is
required until authorized by the code official.
SECTION 108
VIOLATIONS
[A] 108.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for any person,
firm or corporation to erect, construct, alter, repair, remove,
demolish or utilize any plumbing system, or cause same to be
done, in conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions
of this code.
[A] 108.2 Notice of violation. The code official shall serve a
notice of violation or order to the person responsible for the
erection, installation, alteration, extension, repair, removal or
demolition of plumbing work in violation of the provisions of
this code, or in violation of a detail statement or the approved
construction documents thereunder, or in violation of a per-
mit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code.
Such order shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action
or condition and the abatement of the violation.
[A] 108.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation
is not complied with promptly, the code official shall request
the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropri-
ate proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate
such violation, or to require the removal or termination of the
unlawful occupancy of the structure in violation of the provi-
sions of this code or of the order or direction made pursuant
thereto.
[A] 108.4 Violation penalties. Any person who shall violate
a provision of this code or shall fail to comply with any of the
requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter or repair
plumbing work in violation of the approved construction doc-
uments or directive of the code official, or of a permit or cer-
tificate issued under the provisions of this code, shall be
guilty of a [specify OFFENSE], punishable by a fine of not
more than [AMOUNT] dollars or by imprisonment not exceed-
ing [number of days], or both such fine and imprisonment.
Each day that a violation continues after due notice has been
served shall be deemed a separate offense.
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[A] 108.5 Stop work orders. Upon notice from the code offi-
cial, work on any plumbing system that is being done con-
trary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe
manner shall immediately cease. Such notice shall be in writ-
ing and shall be given to the owner of the property, or to the
owner's agent, or to the person doing the work. The notice
shall state the conditions under which work is authorized to
resume. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall
not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the
work. Any person who shall continue any work in or about
the structure after having been served with a stop work order,
except such work as that person is directed to perform to
remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be liable to a
fine of not less than [AMOUNT] dollars or more than [AMOUNT]
dollars.
[A] 108.6 Abatement of violation. The imposition of the
penalties herein prescribed shall not preclude the legal officer
of the jurisdiction from instituting appropriate action to pre-
vent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a
violation, or to prevent illegal occupancy of a building, struc-
ture or premises, or to stop an illegal act, conduct, business or
utilization of the plumbing on or about any premises.
[A] 108.7 Unsafe plumbing. Any plumbing regulated by this
code that is unsafe or that constitutes a fire or health hazard,
insanitary condition, or is otherwise dangerous to human life
is hereby declared unsafe. Any use of plumbing regulated by
this code constituting a hazard to safety, health or public wel-
fare by reason of inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obso-
lescence, fire hazard, disaster, damage or abandonment is
hereby declared an unsafe use. Any such unsafe equipment is
hereby declared to be a public nuisance and shall be abated
by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or removal.
[A] 108.7.1 Authority to condemn equipment. When-
ever the code official determines that any plumbing, or
portion thereof, regulated by this code has become hazard-
ous to life, health or property or has become insanitary, the
code official shall order in writing that such plumbing
either be removed or restored to a safe or sanitary condi-
tion. A time limit for compliance with such order shall be
specified in the written notice. No person shall use or
maintain defective plumbing after receiving such notice.
When such plumbing is to be disconnected, written
notice as prescribed in Section 108.2 shall be given. In
cases of immediate danger to life or property, such discon-
nection shall be made immediately without such notice.
[A] 108.7.2 Authority to disconnect service utilities.
The code official shall have the authority to authorize dis-
connection of utility service to the building, structure or
system regulated by the technical codes in case of an
emergency, where necessary, to eliminate an immediate
danger to life or property. Where possible, the owner and
occupant of the building, structure or service system shall
be notified of the decision to disconnect utility service
prior to taking such action. If not notified prior to discon-
necting, the owner or occupant of the building, structure or
service systems shall be notified in writing, as soon as
practical thereafter.
[A] 108.7.3 Connection after order to disconnect. No
person shall make connections from any energy, fuel,
power supply or water distribution system or supply
energy, fuel or water to any equipment regulated by this
code that has been disconnected or ordered to be discon-
nected by the code official or the use of which has been
ordered to be discontinued by the code official until the
code official authorizes the reconnection and use of such
equipment.
When any plumbing is maintained in violation of this
code, and in violation of any notice issued pursuant to the
provisions of this section, the code official shall institute
any appropriate action to prevent, restrain, correct or abate
the violation.
SECTION 109
MEANS OF APPEAL
[A] 109.1 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the
right to appeal a decision of the code official to the board of
appeals. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim
that the true intent of this code or the rules legally adopted
thereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions
of this code do not fully apply, or an equally good or better
form of construction is proposed. The application shall be
filed on a form obtained from the code official within 20 days
after the notice was served.
[A] 109.2 Membership of board. The board of appeals shall
consist of five members appointed by the chief appointing
authority as follows: one for 5 years, one for 4 years, one for
3 years, one for 2 years and one for 1 year. Thereafter, each
new member shall serve for 5 years or until a successor has
been appointed.
[A] 109.2.1 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall
consist of five individuals, one from each of the following
professions or disciplines:
1. Registered design professional who is a registered
architect; or a builder or superintendent of building
construction with at least 10 years' experience, 5
years of which shall have been in responsible charge
of work.
2. Registered design professional with structural engi-
neering or architectural experience.
3. Registered design professional with mechanical and
plumbing engineering experience; or a mechanical
and plumbing contractor with at least 10 years'
experience, 5 years of which shall have been in
responsible charge of work.
4. Registered design professional with electrical engi-
neering experience; or an electrical contractor with
at least 10 years' experience, 5 years of which shall
have been in responsible charge of work.
5. Registered design professional with fire protection
engineering experience; or a fire protection contrac-
tor with at least 10 years' experience, 5 years of
which shall have been in responsible charge of
work.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
[A] 109.2.2 Alternate members. The chief appointing
authority shall appoint two alternate members who shall
be called by the board chairman to hear appeals during the
absence or disqualification of a member. Alternate mem-
bers shall possess the qualifications required for board
membership, and shall be appointed for 5 years or until a
successor has been appointed.
[A] 109.2.3 Chairman. The board shall annually select
one of its members to serve as chairman.
[A] 109.2.4 Disqualification of member. A member shall
not hear an appeal in which that member has any personal,
professional or financial interest.
[A] 109.2.5 Secretary. The chief administrative officer
shall designate a qualified clerk to serve as secretary to the
board. The secretary shall file a detailed record of all pro-
ceedings in the office of the chief administrative officer.
[A] 109.2.6 Compensation of members. Compensation
of members shall be determined by law.
[A] 109.3 Notice of meeting. The board shall meet upon
notice from the chairman, within 10 days of the filing of an
appeal or at stated periodic meetings.
[A] 109.4 Open hearing. All hearings before the board shall
be open to the public. The appellant, the appellant's represen-
tative, the code official and any person whose interests are
affected shall be given an opportunity to be heard.
[A] 109.4.1 Procedure. The board shall adopt and make
available to the public through the secretary procedures
under which a hearing will be conducted. The procedures
shall not require compliance with strict rules of evidence,
but shall mandate that only relevant information be
received.
[A] 109.5 Postponed hearing. When five members are not
present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appel-
lant's representative shall have the right to request a post-
ponement of the hearing.
[A] 109.6 Board decision. The board shall modify or reverse
the decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three
members.
[A] 109.6.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be
by resolution. Certified copies shall be furnished to the
appellant and to the code official.
[A] 109.6.2 Administration. The code official shall take
immediate action in accordance with the decision of the
board.
[A] 109.1 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previ-
ous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the
appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of
law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and
time required by law following the filing of the decision in
the office of the chief administrative officer.
SECTION 110
TEMPORARY EQUIPMENT, SYSTEMS AND USES
[A] 110.1 General. The code official is authorized to issue a
permit for temporary equipment, systems and uses. Such per-
mits shall be limited as to time of service, but shall not be
permitted for more than 180 days. The code official is autho-
rized to grant extensions for demonstrated cause.
[A] 110.2 Conformance. Temporary equipment, systems and
uses shall conform to the structural strength, fire safety,
means of egress, accessibility, light, ventilation and sanitary
requirements of this code as necessary to ensure the public
health, safety and general welfare.
[A] 110.3 Temporary utilities. The code official is autho-
rized to give permission to temporarily supply utilities before
an installation has been fully completed and the final certifi-
cate of completion has been issued. The part covered by the
temporary certificate shall comply with the requirements
specified for temporary lighting, heat or power in the code,
[A] 110.4 Termination of approval. The code official is
authorized to terminate such permit for temporary equipment,
systems or uses and to order the temporary equipment, sys-
tems or uses to be discontinued.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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SECTION 201
GENERAL
201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the follow-
ing words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, have
the meanings shown in this chapter.
201.2 Interchaiigeability. Words stated in the present tense
include the future; words stated in the masculine gender
include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes
the plural and the plural the singular.
201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not
defined in this code and are defined in the International
Building Code, International Fire Code, International Fuel
Gas Code or the International Mechanical Code, such terms
shall have the meanings ascribed to them as in those codes.
201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined
through the methods authorized by this section, such terms
shall have ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context
implies.
SECTION 202
GENERAL DEFINITIONS
ACCEPTED ENGINEERING PRACTICE. That which
conforms to accepted principles, tests or standards of nation-
ally recognized technical or scientific authorities.
[M] ACCESS (TO). That which enables a fixture, appliance
or equipment to be reached by ready access or by a means
that first requires the removal or movement of a panel, door
or similar obstruction (see "Ready access").
ACCESS COVER. A removable plate, usually secured by
bolts or screws, to permit access to a pipe or pipe fitting for
the purposes of inspection, repair or cleaning.
ADAPTER FITTING. An approved connecting device that
suitably and properly joins or adjusts pipes and fittings which
do not otherwise fit together.
AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE. One-way valve designed to
allow air to enter the plumbing drainage system when nega-
tive pressures develop in the piping system. The device shall
close by gravity and seal the vent terminal at zero differential
pressure (no flow conditions) and under positive internal
pressures. The purpose of an air admittance valve is to pro-
vide a method of allowing air to enter the plumbing drainage
system without the use of a vent extended to open air and to
prevent sewer gases from escaping into a building.
AIR BREAK (Drainage System). A piping arrangement in
which a drain from a fixture, appliance or device discharges
indirectly into another fixture, receptacle or interceptor at a
point below the flood level rim and above the trap seal.
AIR GAP (Drainage System). The unobstructed vertical
distance through the free atmosphere between the outlet of
the waste pipe and the flood level rim of the receptacle into
which the waste pipe is discharging.
AIR GAP (Water Distribution System). The unobstructed
vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the
lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a
tank, plumbing fixture or other device and the flood level rim
of the receptacle.
ALTERNATIVE ENGINEERED DESIGN. A plumbing
system that performs in accordance with the intent of Chap-
ters 3 through 12 and provides an equivalent level of perfor-
mance for the protection of public health, safety and welfare.
The system design is not specifically regulated by Chapters 3
through 12.
ANCHORS. See "Supports."
ANTISIPHON. A term applied to valves or mechanical
devices that eliminate siphonage.
APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official or other
authority having jurisdiction.
[A] APPROVED AGENCY. An established and recognized
agency approved by the code official and that is regularly
engaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection services.
AREA DRAIN. A receptacle designed to collect surface or
storm water from an open area.
ASPIRATOR. A fitting or device supplied with water or
other fluid under positive pressure that passes through an
integral orifice or constriction, causing a vacuum. Aspirators
are also referred to as suction apparatus, and are similar in
operation to an ejector.
BACKFLOW. Pressure created by any means in the water
distribution system, which by being in excess of the pressure
in the water supply mains causes a potential backflow condi-
tion.
Backpressure, low head. A pressure less than or equal to
4.33 psi (29.88 kPa) or the pressure exerted by a 10-foot
(3048 mm) column of water.
Backsiphonage. The backflow of potentially contami-
nated water into the potable water system as a result of the
pressure in the potable water system falling below atmo-
spheric pressure of the plumbing fixtures, pools, tanks or
vats connected to the potable water distribution piping.
Drainage. A reversal of flow in the drainage system.
Water supply system. The flow of water or other liquids,
mixtures or substances into the distribution pipes of a
potable water supply from any source except the intended
source.
BACKFLOW CONNECTION. Any arrangement whereby
backflow is possible.
BACKFLOW PREVENTER. A device or means to prevent
backflow.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
DEFINITIONS
BACKWATER VALVE. A device or valve installed in the
building drain or sewer pipe where a sewer is subject to back-
flow, and which prevents drainage or waste from backing up
into a lower level or fixtures and causing a flooding condi-
tion.
BASE FLOOD ELEVATION. A reference point, deter-
mined in accordance with the building code, based on the
depth or peak elevation of flooding, including wave height,
which has a 1 percent (100-year flood) or greater chance of
occurring in any given year.
BATHROOM GROUP. A group of fixtures consisting of a
water closet, lavatory, bathtub or shower, including or
excluding a bidet, an emergency floor drain or both. Such fix-
tures are located together on the same floor level.
BEDPAN STEAMER OR BOILER. A fixture utilized for
scalding bedpans or urinals by direct application of steam or
boiling water.
BEDPAN WASHER AND STERILIZER. A fixture
designed to wash bedpans and to flush the contents into the
sanitary drainage system. Included are fixtures of this type
that provide for disinfecting utensils by scalding with steam
or hot water.
BEDPAN WASHER HOSE. A device supplied with hot and
cold water and located adjacent to a water closet or clinical
sink to be utilized for cleansing bedpans.
BRANCH. Any part of the piping system except a riser, main
or stack.
BRANCH INTERVAL. A vertical measurement of dis-
tance, 8 feet (2438 mm) or more in developed length,
between the connections of horizontal branches to a drainage
stack. Measurements are taken down the stack from the high-
est horizontal branch connection.
BRANCH VENT. A vent connecting one or more individual
vents with a vent stack or stack vent.
[A] BUILDING. Any structure occupied or intended for sup-
porting or sheltering any occupancy.
BUILDING DRAIN. That part of the lowest piping of a
drainage system that receives the discharge from soil, waste
and other drainage pipes inside and that extends 30 inches
(762 mm) in developed length of pipe beyond the exterior
walls of the building and conveys the drainage to the building
sewer.
Combined. A building drain that conveys both sewage
and storm water or other drainage.
Sanitary. A building drain that conveys sewage only.
Storm. A building drain that conveys storm water or other
drainage, but not sewage.
BUILDING SEWER. That part of the drainage system that
extends from the end of the building drain and conveys the
discharge to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage
disposal system or other point of disposal.
Combined. A building sewer that conveys both sewage
and storm water or other drainage.
Sanitary. A building sewer that conveys sewage only.
Storm. A building sewer that conveys storm water or
other drainage, but not sewage.
BUILDING SUBDRAIN. That portion of a drainage system
that does not drain by gravity into the building sewer.
BUILDING TRAP. A device, fitting or assembly of fittings
installed in the building drain to prevent circulation of air
between the drainage system of the building and the building
sewer.
CIRCUIT VENT. A vent that connects to a horizontal drain-
age branch and vents two traps to a maximum of eight traps
or trapped fixtures connected into a battery.
CISTERN. A small covered tank for storing water for a
home or farm. Generally, this tank stores rainwater to be uti-
lized for purposes other than in the potable water supply, and
such tank is placed underground in most cases.
CLEANOUT. An access opening in the drainage system uti-
lized for the removal of obstructions. Types of cleanouts
include a removable plug or cap, and a removable fixture or
fixture trap.
[A] CODE. These regulations, subsequent amendments
thereto, or any emergency rule or regulation that the adminis-
trative authority having jurisdiction has lawfully adopted.
[A] CODE OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated
authority charged with the administration and enforcement of
this code, or a duly authorized representative.
COMBINATION FIXTURE. A fixture combining one sink
and laundry tray or a two- or three-compartment sink or laun-
dry tray in one unit.
COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM. A spe-
cially designed system of waste piping embodying the hori-
zontal wet venting of one or more sinks, lavatories, drinking 1
fountains or floor drains by means of a common waste and j
vent pipe adequately sized to provide free movement of air
above the flow line of the drain.
COMBINED BUILDING DRAIN. See "Building drain,
combined."
COMBINED BUILDING SEWER. See "Building sewer,
combined."
COMMON VENT. A vent connecting at the junction of two
fixture drains or to a fixture branch and serving as a vent for
both fixtures.
CONCEALED FOULING SURFACE. Any surface of a
plumbing fixture which is not readily visible and is not
scoured or cleansed with each fixture operation.
CONDUCTOR. A pipe inside the building that conveys
storm water from the roof to a storm or combined building
drain.
[A] CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. All of the written,
graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for
describing the design, location and physical characteristics of
the elements of the project necessary for obtaining a building
permit. The construction drawings shall be drawn to an
appropriate scale.
10
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
DEFINITIONS
CONTAMINATION. An impairment of the quality of the
potable water that creates an actual hazard to the public
health through poisoning or through the spread of disease by
sewage, industrial fluids or waste.
CRITICAL LEVEL (C-L). An elevation (height) reference
point that determines the minimum height at which a back-
flow preventer or vacuum breaker is installed above the flood
level rim of the fixture or receptor served by the device. The
critical level is the elevation level below which there is a
potential for backflow to occur. If the critical level marking is
not indicated on the device, the bottom of the device shall
constitute the critical level.
CROSS CONNECTION. Any physical connection or
arrangement between two otherwise separate piping systems,
one of which contains potable water and the other either
water of unknown or questionable safety or steam, gas or
chemical, whereby there exists the possibility for flow from
one system to the other, with the direction of flow depending
on the pressure differential between the two systems (see
"Backflow").
DEAD END. A branch leading from a soil, waste or vent
pipe; a building drain; or a building sewer, and terminating at
a developed length of 2 feet (610 mm) or more by means of a
plug, cap or other closed fitting.
DEPTH OF TRAP SEAL. The depth of liquid that would
have to be removed from a full trap before air could pass
through the trap.
[B] DESIGN FLOOD ELEVATION. The elevation of the
"design flood," including wave height, relative to the datum
specified on the community's legally designated flood hazard
map.
DEVELOPED LENGTH. The length of a pipeline mea-
sured along the centerline of the pipe and fittings.
DISCHARGE PIPE. A pipe that conveys the discharges
from plumbing fixtures or appliances.
DRAIN. Any pipe that carries waste water or water-borne
wastes in a building drainage system.
DRAINAGE FITTINGS. Type of fitting or fittings utilized
in the drainage system. Drainage fittings are similar to cast-
iron fittings, except that instead of having a bell and spigot,
drainage fittings are recessed and tapped to eliminate ridges
on the inside of the installed pipe.
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT.
Drainage (dfu). A measure of the probable discharge into
the drainage system by various types of plumbing fixtures.
The drainage fixture-unit value for a particular fixture
depends on its volume rate of drainage discharge, on the
time duration of a single drainage operation and on the
average time between successive operations.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM. Piping within a public or private
premise that conveys sewage, rainwater or other liquid wastes
to a point of disposal. A drainage system does not include the
mains of a public sewer system or a private or public sewage
treatment or disposal plant.
Building gravity. A drainage system that drains by grav-
ity into the building sewer.
Sanitary. A drainage system that carries sewage and
excludes storm, surface and ground water.
Storm. A drainage system that carries rainwater, surface
water, subsurface water and similar liquid wastes.
EFFECTIVE OPENING. The minimum cross-sectional
area at the point of water supply discharge, measured or
expressed in terms of the diameter of a circle or, if the open-
ing is not circular, the diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-
sectional area. For faucets and similar fittings, the effective
opening shall be measured at the smallest orifice in the fitting
body or in the supply piping to the fitting.
EMERGENCY FLOOR DRAIN. A floor drain that does
not receive the discharge of any drain or indirect waste pipe,
and that protects against damage from accidental spills, fix-
ture overflows and leakage.
ESSENTIALLY NONTOXIC TRANSFER FLUIDS. Flu-
ids having a Gosselin rating of 1, including propylene glycol;
mineral oil; polydimethylsiloxane; hydrochlorofluorocarbon,
chlorofluorocarbon and carbon refrigerants; and FDA-
approved boiler water additives for steam boilers.
ESSENTIALLY TOXIC TRANSFER FLUIDS. Soil,
waste or gray water and fluids having a Gosselin rating of 2
or more including ethylene glycol, hydrocarbon oils, ammo-
nia refrigerants and hydrazine.
EXISTING INSTALLATIONS. Any plumbing system reg-
ulated by this code that was legally installed prior to the
effective date of this code, or for which a permit to install has
been issued.
FAUCET. A valve end of a water pipe through which water
is drawn from or held within the pipe.
FILL VALVE. A water supply valve, opened or closed by
means of a float or similar device, utilized to supply water to
a tank. An antisiphon fill valve contains an antisiphon device
in the form of an approved air gap or vacuum breaker that is
an integral part of the fill valve unit and that is positioned on
the discharge side of the water supply control valve.
FIXTURE. See "Plumbing fixture."
FIXTURE BRANCH. A drain serving two or more fixtures
that discharges to another drain or to a stack.
FIXTURE DRAIN. The drain from the trap of a fixture to a
junction with any other drain pipe.
FIXTURE FITTING.
Supply fitting. A fitting that controls the volume and/or
directional flow of water and is either attached to or acces-
sible from a fixture, or is used with an open or atmospheric
discharge.
Waste fitting. A combination of components that conveys
the sanitary waste from the outlet of a fixture to the con-
nection to the sanitary drainage system.
FIXTURE SUPPLY. The water supply pipe connecting a
fixture to a branch water supply pipe or directly to a main
water supply pipe.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
11
DEFINITIONS
f B] FLOOD HAZARD AREA. The greater of the following
two areas:
1 . The area within a flood plain subject to a 1 -percent or
greater chance of flooding in any given year.
2. The area designated as a flood hazard area on a com-
munity's flood hazard map or as otherwise legally des-
ignated.
FLOOD LEVEL RIM. The edge of the receptacle from
which water overflows.
FLOW CONTROL (Vented). A device installed upstream
from the interceptor having an orifice that controls the rate of
flow through the interceptor and an air intake (vent) down-
stream from the orifice that allows air to be drawn into the
flow stream.
FLOW PRESSURE. The pressure in the water supply pipe
near the faucet or water outlet while the faucet or water outlet
is wide open and flowing.
FLUSH TANK. A tank designed with a fill valve and flush
valve to flush the contents of the bowl or usable portion of the
fixture.
FLUSHOMETER TANK. A device integrated within an air
accumulator vessel that is designed to discharge a predeter-
mined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes.
FLUSHOMETER VALVE. A valve attached to a pressur-
ized water supply pipe and so designed that when activated it
opens the line for direct flow into the fixture at a rate and
quantity to operate the fixture properly, and then gradually
closes to reseal fixture traps and avoid water hammer.
GRAY WATER. Waste discharged from lavatories, bathtubs,
showers, clothes washers and laundry trays.
GREASE INTERCEPTOR.
Hydromechanical. Plumbing appurtenances that are
installed in the sanitary drainage system to intercept free-
floating fats, oils and grease from waste water discharge.
Continuous separation is accomplished by air entrainment,
buoyancy and interior baffling.
Gravity. Plumbing appurtenances of not less than 500 gal-
lons (1893 L) capacity that are installed in the sanitary
drainage system to intercept free-floating fats, oils and
grease from waste water discharge. Separation is accom-
plished by gravity during a retention time of not less than
30 minutes.
GREASE-LADEN WASTE. Effluent discharge that is pro-
duced from food processing, food preparation or other
sources where grease, fats and oils enter automatic dishwater
prerinse stations, sinks or other appurtenances.
GREASE REMOVAL DEVICE, AUTOMATIC (GRD),
A plumbing appurtenance that is installed in the sanitary
drainage system to intercept free-floating fats, oils and grease
from waste water discharge. Such a device operates on a
time- or event-controlled basis and has the ability to remove
free-floating fats, oils and grease automatically without inter-
vention from the user except for maintenance.
GRIDDED WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. A water
distribution system where every water distribution pipe is
interconnected so as to provide two or more paths to each fix-
ture supply pipe.
HANGERS. See "Supports."
HORIZONTAL BRANCH DRAIN. A drainage branch
pipe extending laterally from a soil or waste stack or building
drain, with or without vertical sections or branches, that
receives the discharge from two or more fixture drains or
branches and conducts the discharge to the soil or waste stack
or to the building drain.
HORIZONTAL PIPE. Any pipe or fitting that makes an
angle of less than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) with the horizontal.
HOT WATER. Water at a temperature greater than or equal
tollO°F(43°C).
HOUSE TRAP. See "Building trap."
INDIRECT WASTE PIPE. A waste pipe that does not con-
nect directly with the drainage system, but that discharges
into the drainage system through an air break or air gap into
a trap, fixture, receptor or interceptor.
INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM. A system
for disposal of domestic sewage by means of a septic tank,
cesspool or mechanical treatment, designed for utilization
apart from a public sewer to serve a single establishment or
building.
INDIVIDUAL VENT. A pipe installed to vent a fixture trap
and that connects with the vent system above the fixture
served or terminates in the open air.
INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLY. A water supply that
serves one or more families, and that is not an approved pub-
lic water supply.
INTERCEPTOR. A device designed and installed to sepa-
rate and retain for removal, by automatic or manual means,
deleterious, hazardous or undesirable matter from normal
wastes, while permitting normal sewage or wastes to dis-
charge into the drainage system by gravity.
JOINT.
Expansion. A loop, return bend or return offset that pro-
vides for the expansion and contraction in a piping system
and is utilized in tall buildings or where there is a rapid
change of temperature, as in power plants, steam rooms
and similar occupancies.
Flexible. Any joint between two pipes that permits one
pipe to be deflected or moved without movement or
deflection of the other pipe.
Mechanical. See "Mechanical joint."
Slip. A type of joint made by means of a washer or a spe-
cial type of packing compound in which one pipe is
slipped into the end of an adjacent pipe.
LEAD-FREE PIPE AND FITTINGS. Containing not more
than 8.0-percent lead.
LEAD-FREE SOLDER AND FLUX. Containing not more
than 0.2-percent lead.
LEADER. An exterior drainage pipe for conveying storm
water from roof or gutter drains to an approved means of dis-
posal.
12
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
DEFINITIONS
LOCAL VENT STACK. A vertical pipe to which connec-
tions are made from the fixture side of traps and through
which vapor or foul air is removed from the fixture or device
utilized on bedpan washers.
MACERATING TOILET SYSTEMS. An assembly con-
sisting of a water closet and sump with a macerating pump
that is designed to collect, grind and pump wastes from the
water closet and up to two other fixtures connected to the
sump.
MAIN. The principal pipe artery to which branches are con-
nected.
MANIFOLD. See "Plumbing appurtenance."
MECHANICAL JOINT. A connection between pipes, fit-
tings, or pipes and fittings that is not screwed, caulked,
threaded, soldered, solvent cemented, brazed or welded. A
joint in which compression is applied along the centerline of
the pieces being joined. In some applications, the joint is part
of a coupling, fitting or adapter.
MEDICAL GAS SYSTEM. The complete system to convey
medical gases for direct patient application from central sup-
ply systems (bulk tanks, manifolds and medical air compres-
sors), with pressure and operating controls, alarm warning
systems, related components and piping networks extending
to station outlet valves at patient use points.
MEDICAL VACUUM SYSTEMS. A system consisting of
central-vacuum-producing equipment with pressure and
operating controls, shutoff valves, alarm-warning systems,
gauges and a network of piping extending to and terminating
with suitable station inlets at locations where patient suction
may be required.
NON POTABLE WATER. Water not safe for drinking, per-
sonal or culinary utilization.
NUISANCE. Public nuisance as known in common law or in
equity jurisprudence; whatever is dangerous to human life or
detrimental to health; whatever structure or premises is not
sufficiently ventilated, sewered, drained, cleaned or lighted,
with respect to its intended occupancy; and whatever renders
the air, or human food, drink or water supply unwholesome.
[A] OCCUPANCY. The purpose for which a building or
portion thereof is utilized or occupied.
OFFSET. A combination of approved bends that makes two
changes in direction bringing one section of the pipe out of
line but into a line parallel with the other section.
OPEN AIR. Outside the structure.
PLUMBING. The practice, materials and fixtures utilized in
the installation, maintenance, extension and alteration of all
piping, fixtures, plumbing appliances and plumbing appurte-
nances, within or adjacent to any structure, in connection
with sanitary drainage or storm drainage facilities; venting
systems; and public or private water supply systems.
PLUMBING APPLIANCE. Water-connected or drain-con-
nected devices intended to perforin a special function. These
devices have their operation or control dependent on one or
more energized components, such as motors, controls, or
heating elements. Such devices are manually adjusted or con-
trolled by the owner or operator, or are operated automati-
cally through one or more of the following actions: a time
cycle, a temperature range, a pressure range, a measured vol-
ume or weight.
PLUMBING APPURTENANCE. A manufactured device,
prefabricated assembly or an on-the-job assembly of compo-
nent parts that is an adjunct to the basic piping system and
plumbing fixtures. An appurtenance demands no additional
water supply and does not add any discharge load to a fixture
or to the drainage system.
PLUMBING FIXTURE. A receptacle or device that is con-
nected to a water supply system or discharges to a drainage
system or both. Such receptacles or devices require a supply
of water; or discharge liquid waste or liquid-borne solid
waste; or require a supply of water and discharge waste to a
drainage system.
PLUMBING SYSTEM. Includes the water supply and dis-
tribution pipes; plumbing fixtures and traps; water-treating or
water-using equipment; soil, waste and vent pipes; and sani-
tary and storm sewers and building drains; in addition to their
respective connections, devices and appurtenances within a
structure or premises.
POLLUTION. An impairment of the quality of the potable
water to a degree that does not create a hazard to the public
health but that does adversely and unreasonably affect the
aesthetic qualities of such potable water for domestic use.
POTABLE WATER. Water free from impurities present in
amounts sufficient to cause disease or harmful physiological
effects and conforming to the bacteriological and chemical
quality requirements of the Public Health Service Drinking
Water Standards or the regulations of the public health
authority having jurisdiction.
PRIVATE. In the classification of plumbing fixtures, "pri-
vate" applies to fixtures in residences and apartments, and to
fixtures in nonpublic toilet rooms of hotels and motels and
similar installations in buildings where the plumbing fixtures
are intended for utilization by a family or an individual.
PUBLIC OR PUBLIC UTILIZATION. In the classifica-
tion of plumbing fixtures, "public" applies to fixtures in gen-
eral toilet rooms of schools, gymnasiums, hotels, airports, bus
and railroad stations, public buildings, bars, public comfort
stations, office buildings, stadiums, stores, restaurants and
other installations where a number of fixtures are installed so
that their utilization is similarly unrestricted.
PUBLIC WATER MAIN. A water supply pipe for public
utilization controlled by public authority.
QUICK-CLOSING VALVE. A valve or faucet that closes
automatically when released manually or that is controlled by
a mechanical means for fast-action closing.
[M] READY ACCESS. That which enables a fixture, appli-
ance or equipment to be directly reached without requiring
the removal or movement of any panel, door or similar
obstruction and without the use of a portable ladder, step
stool or similar device.
REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE BACKFLOW
PREVENTER. A backflow prevention device consisting of
two independently acting check valves, internally force-
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
13
DEFINITIONS
loaded to a normally closed position and separated by an
intermediate chamber (or zone) in which there is an auto-
matic relief means of venting to the atmosphere, internally
loaded to a normally open position between two tightly clos-
ing shutoff valves and with a means for testing for tightness
of the checks and opening of the relief means.
[AJ REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An indi-
vidual who is registered or licensed to practice professional
architecture or engineering as defined by the statutory
requirements of the professional registration laws of the state
or jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed.
RELIEF VALVE.
Pressure relief valve. A pressure-actuated valve held
closed by a spring or other means and designed to relieve
pressure automatically at the pressure at which such valve
is set.
Temperature and pressure relief (T&P) valve. A com-
bination relief valve designed to function as both a temper-
ature relief and a pressure relief valve.
Temperature relief valve. A temperature-actuated valve
designed to discharge automatically at the temperature at
which such valve is set.
RELIEF VENT. A vent whose primary function is to pro-
vide circulation of air between drainage and vent systems.
RIM. An unobstructed open edge of a fixture.
RISER. See "Water pipe, riser."
ROOF DRAIN. A drain installed to receive water collecting
on the surface of a roof and to discharge such water into a
leader or a conductor.
ROUGH-IN. Parts of the plumbing system that are installed
prior to the installation of fixtures. This includes drainage,
water supply, vent piping and the necessary fixture supports
and any fixtures that are built into the structure.
SELF-CLOSING FAUCET. A faucet containing a valve
that automatically closes upon deactivation of the opening
means.
SEPARATOR. See "Interceptor."
SEWAGE. Any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable
matter in suspension or solution, including liquids containing
chemicals in solution.
SEWAGE EJECTORS. A device for lifting sewage by
entraining the sewage in a high-velocity jet of steam, air or
water.
SEWER.
Building sewer. See "Building sewer."
Public sewer. A common sewer directly controlled by
public authority.
Sanitary sewer. A sewer that carries sewage and excludes
storm, surface and ground water.
Storm sewer. A sewer that conveys rainwater, surface
water, subsurface water and similar liquid wastes.
SLOPE. The fall (pitch) of a line of pipe in reference to a
horizontal plane. In drainage, the slope is expressed as the fall
in units vertical per units horizontal (percent) for a length of
pipe.
SOIL PIPE. A pipe that conveys sewage containing fecal
matter to the building drain or building sewer.
SPILLPROOF VACUUM BREAKER. An assembly con-
sisting of one check valve force-loaded closed and an air-inlet
vent valve force-loaded open to atmosphere, positioned
downstream of the check valve, and located between and
including two tightly closing shutoff valves and a test cock.
STACK. A general term for any vertical line of soil, waste,
vent or inside conductor piping that extends through at least
one story with or without offsets.
STACK VENT. The extension of a soil or waste stack above
the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.
STACK VENTING. A method of venting a fixture or fix-
tures through the soil or waste stack.
STERILIZER.
Boiling type. A boiling-type sterilizer is a fixture of a non-
pressure type utilized for boiling instruments, utensils or
other equipment for disinfection. These devices are porta-
ble or are connected to the plumbing system.
Instrument. A device for the sterilization of various
instruments.
Pressure (autoclave). A pressure vessel fixture designed
to utilize steam under pressure for sterilizing.
Pressure instrument washer sterilizer. A pressure
instrument washer sterilizer is a pressure vessel fixture
designed to both wash and sterilize instruments during the
operating cycle of the fixture.
Utensil. A device for the sterilization of utensils as uti-
lized in health care services.
Water. A water sterilizer is a device for sterilizing water
and storing sterile water.
STERILIZER VENT. A separate pipe or stack, indirectly
connected to the building drainage system at the lower termi-
nal, that receives the vapors from nonpressure sterilizers, or
the exhaust vapors from pressure sterilizers, and conducts the
vapors directly to the open air. Also called vapor, steam,
atmospheric or exhaust vent.
STORM DRAIN. See "Drainage system, storm."
[A] STRUCTURE. That which is built or constructed or a
portion thereof.
SUBSOIL DRAIN. A drain that collects subsurface water or
seepage water and conveys such water to a place of disposal.
SUMP. A tank or pit that receives sewage or liquid waste,
located below the normal grade of the gravity system and that
must be emptied by mechanical means.
SUMP PUMP. An automatic water pump powered by an
electric motor for the removal of drainage, except raw sew-
age, from a sump, pit or low point.
SUMP VENT. A vent from pneumatic sewage ejectors, or
similar equipment, that terminates separately to the open air.
14
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
DEFINITIONS
SUPPORTS. Devices for supporting and securing pipe, fix-
tures and equipment.
SWIMMING POOL. Any structure, basin, chamber or tank
containing an artificial body of water for swimming, diving
or recreational bathing having a depth of 2 feet (610 mm) or
more at any point.
TEMPERED WATER. Water having a temperature range
between 85°F (29°C) and 1 10°F (43°C).
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION AGENCY. An
approved agency operating a product or material certification
sytem that incorporates initial product testing, assessment and
surveillance of a manufacturer's quality control system.
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFIED. Certification obtained by
the manufacturer indicating that the function and perfor-
mance characteristics of a product or material have been
determined by testing and ongoing surveillance by an
approved third-party certification agency. Assertion of certi-
fication is in the form of identification in accordance with the
requirements of the third-party certification agency.
THIRD-PARTY TESTED. Procedure by which an
approved testing laboratory provides documentation that a
product, material or system conforms to specified require-
ments.
TRAP. A fitting or device that provides a liquid seal to pre-
vent the emission of sewer gases without materially affecting
the flow of sewage or waste water through the trap.
TRAP SEAL. The vertical distance between the weir and the
top of the dip of the trap.
UNSTABLE GROUND. Earth that does not provide a uni-
form bearing for the barrel of the sewer pipe between the
joints at the bottom of the pipe trench.
VACUUM. Any pressure less than that exerted by the atmo-
sphere.
VACUUM BREAKER. A type of backflow preventer
installed on openings subject to normal atmospheric pressure
that prevents backflow by admitting atmospheric pressure
through ports to the discharge side of the device.
VENT PIPE. See "Vent system."
VENT STACK. A vertical vent pipe installed primarily for
the purpose of providing circulation of air to and from any
part of the drainage system.
VENT SYSTEM. A pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow
of air to or from a drainage system, or to provide a circulation
of air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage
and backpressure.
VERTICAL PIPE. Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle
of 45 degrees (0.79 rad) or more with the horizontal.
WALL-HUNG WATER CLOSET. A wall-mounted water
closet installed in such a way that the fixture does not touch
the floor.
WASTE. The discharge from any fixture, appliance, area or
appurtenance that does not contain fecal matter.
WASTE PIPE. A pipe that conveys only waste.
WATER-HAMMER ARRESTOR. A device utilized to
absorb the pressure surge (water hammer) that occurs when
water flow is suddenly stopped in a water supply system.
WATER HEATER. Any heating appliance or equipment
that heats potable water and supplies such water to the pota-
ble hot water distribution system.
WATER MAIN. A water supply pipe or system of pipes,
installed and maintained by a city, township, county, public
utility company or other public entity, on public property, in
the street or in an approved dedicated easement of public or
community use.
WATER OUTLET. A discharge opening through which
water is supplied to a fixture, into the atmosphere (except into
an open tank that is part of the water supply system), to a
boiler or heating system, or to any devices or equipment
requiring water to operate but which are not part of the
plumbing system.
WATER PIPE.
Riser. A water supply pipe that extends one full story or
more to convey water to branches or to a group of fixtures.
Water distribution pipe. A pipe within the structure or
on the premises that conveys water from the water service
pipe, or from the meter when the meter is at the structure,
to the points of utilization.
Water service pipe. The pipe from the water main or
other source of potable water supply, or from the meter
when the meter is at the public right of way, to the water
distribution system of the building served.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM. The water service pipe, water
distribution pipes, and the necessary connecting pipes, fit-
tings, control valves and all appurtenances in or adjacent to
the structure or premises.
WELL.
Bored. A well constructed by boring a hole in the ground
with an auger and installing a casing.
Drilled. A well constructed by making a hole in the
ground with a drilling machine of any type and installing
casing and screen.
Driven. A well constructed by driving a pipe in the
ground. The drive pipe is usually fitted with a well point
and screen.
Dug. A well constructed by excavating a large-diameter
shaft and installing a casing.
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUB. A plumbing appliance consist-
ing of a bathtub fixture that is equipped and fitted with a cir-
culating piping system designed to accept, circulate and
discharge bathtub water upon each use.
YOKE VENT. A pipe connecting upward from a soil or
waste stack to a vent stack for the purpose of preventing pres-
sure changes in the stacks.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
15
16 2012 SNTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 3
SECTION 301
GENERAL
301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
general regulations regarding the installation of plumbing not
specific to other chapters.
301.2 System installation. Plumbing shall be installed with
due regard to preservation of the strength of structural mem-
bers and prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces
through fixture usage.
301.3 Connections to drainage system. Plumbing fixtures,
drains, appurtenances and appliances used to receive or discharge
liquid wastes or sewage shall be direcdy connected to the sanitary
drainage system of the building or premises, in accordance with
the requirements of this code. This section shall not be construed
to prevent indirect waste systems required by Chapter 8.
Exception: Bathtubs, showers, lavatories, clothes washers
and laundry trays shall not be required to discharge to the
sanitary drainage system where such fixtures discharge to
an approved gray water system for flushing of water clos-
ets and urinals or for subsurface landscape irrigation.
301.4 Connections to water supply. Every plumbing fixture,
device or appliance requiring or using water for its proper
operation shall be directly or indirectly connected to the
water supply system in accordance with the provisions of this
code.
301.5 Pipe, tube and fitting sizes. Unless otherwise speci-
fied, the pipe, tube and fitting sizes specified in this code are
expressed in nominal or standard sizes as designated in the
referenced material standards.
301.6 Prohibited locations. Plumbing systems shall not be
located in an elevator shaft or in an elevator equipment room.
Exception: Floor drains, sumps and sump pumps shall be
permitted at the base of the shaft, provided that they are
indirectly connected to the plumbing system and comply
with Section 1003.4.
301.7 Conflicts. In instances where conflicts occur between
this code and the manufacturer's installation instructions, the
more restrictive provisions shall apply.
SECTION 302
EXCLUSION OF MATERIALS DETRIMENTAL
TO THE SEWER SYSTEM
302. 1 Detrimental or dangerous materials. Ashes, cinders
or rags; flammable, poisonous or explosive liquids or gases;
oil, grease or any other insoluble material capable of obstruct-
ing, damaging or overloading the building drainage or sewer
system, or capable of interfering with the normal operation of
the sewage treatment processes, shall not be deposited, by
any means, into such systems.
302.2 Industrial wastes. Waste products from manufactur-
ing or industrial operations shall not be introduced into the
public sewer until it has been determined by the code official
or other authority having jurisdiction that the introduction
thereof will not damage the public sewer system or interfere
with the functioning of the sewage treatment plant.
SECTION 303
MATERIALS
303.1 Identification. Each length of pipe and each pipe fit-
ting, trap, fixture, material and device utilized in a plumbing
system shall bear the identification of the manufacturer and
any markings required by the applicable referenced stan-
dards.
303.2 Installation of materials. All materials used shall be
installed in strict accordance with the standards under which
the materials are accepted and approved. In the absence of
such installation procedures, the manufacturer's instructions
shall be followed. Where the requirements of referenced stan-
dards or manufacturer's installation instructions do not con-
form to minimum provisions of this code, the provisions of
this code shall apply.
303.3 Plastic pipe, fittings and components. All plastic
pipe, fittings and components shall be third-party certified as
conforming to NSF 14.
303.4 Third-party certification. All plumbing products and
materials shall be listed by a third-party certification agency
as complying with the referenced standards. Products and
materials shall be identified in accordance with Section
303.1.
SECTION 304
RODENTPROOFING
304.1 General. Plumbing systems shall be designed and
installed in accordance with Sections 304.2 through 304.4 to
prevent rodents from entering structures.
304.2 Strainer plates. All strainer plates on drain inlets shall
be designed and installed so that all openings are not greater
than 7 2 inch (12.7 mm) in least dimension.
304.3 Meter boxes. Meter boxes shall be constructed in such
a manner that rodents are prevented from entering a structure
by way of the water service pipes connecting the meter box
and the structure.
304.4 Openings for pipes. In or on structures where open-
ings have been made in walls, floors or ceilings for the pas-
sage of pipes, the annular space between the pipe and the
sides of the opening shall be sealed with caulking materials or
closed with gasketing systems compatible with the piping
materials and locations.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
17
GENERAL REGULATIONS
SECTION 305
PROTECTION OF PIPES AND
PLUMBING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
305.1 Corrosion. Pipes passing through concrete or cinder
walls and floors or other corrosive material shall be protected
against external corrosion by a protective sheathing or wrap-
ping or other means that will withstand any reaction from the
lime and acid of concrete, cinder or other corrosive material.
Sheathing or wrapping shall allow for movement including
expansion and contraction of piping. The wall thickness of
the material shall be not less than 0.025 inch (0.64 mm).
305.2 Stress and strain. Piping in a plumbing system shall
be installed so as to prevent strains and stresses that exceed
the structural strength of the pipe. Where necessary, provi-
sions shall be made to protect piping from damage resulting
from expansion, contraction and structural settlement.
1305.3 Pipes through foundation walls. Any pipe that passes
through a foundation wall shall be provided with a relieving
arch, or a pipe sleeve pipe shall be built into the foundation
wall. The sleeve shall be two pipe sizes greater than the pipe
passing through the wall.
305.4 Freezing. Water, soil and waste pipes shall not be
installed outside of a building, in attics or crawl spaces, con-
cealed in outside walls, or in any other place subjected to
freezing temperatures unless adequate provision is made to
protect such pipes from freezing by insulation or heat or both.
Exterior water supply system piping shall be installed not less
than 6 inches (152 mm) below the frost line and not less than
12 inches (305 mm) below grade.
305.4.1 Sewer depth. Building sewers that connect to pri-
vate sewage disposal systems shall be installed not less
than [NUMBER] inches (mm) below finished grade at the
point of septic tank connection. Building sewers shall be
installed not less than [NUMBER] inches (mm) below grade.
305.5 Waterproofing of openings. Joints at the roof and
around vent pipes, shall be made water-tight by the use of
lead, copper, galvanized steel, aluminum, plastic or other
approved flashings or flashing material. Exterior wall open-
ings shall be made water-tight.
305.6 Protection against physical damage. In concealed
locations where piping, other than cast-iron or galvanized
steel, is installed through holes or notches in studs, joists, raf-
ters or similar members less than l'/ 2 inches (38 mm) from
the nearest edge of the member, the pipe shall be protected by
steel shield plates. Such shield plates shall have a thickness of
not less than 0.0575 inch (1.463 mm) (No. 16 gage). Such
plates shall cover the area of the pipe where the member is
notched or bored, and shall extend not less than 2 inches (51
mm) above sole plates and below top plates.
305.7 Protection of components of plumbing system. Com-
ponents of a plumbing system installed along alleyways,
driveways, parking garages or other locations exposed to
damage shall be recessed into the wall or otherwise protected
in an approved manner.
SECTION 306
TRENCHING, EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL
306.1 Support of piping. Buried piping shall be supported
throughout its entire length.
306.2 Trenching and bedding. Where trenches are exca-
vated such that the bottom of the trench forms the bed for the
pipe, solid and continuous load-bearing support shall be pro-
vided between joints. Bell holes, hub holes and coupling
holes shall be provided at points where the pipe is joined.
Such pipe shall not be supported on blocks to grade. In
instances where the materials manufacturer's installation
instructions are more restrictive than those prescribed by the
code, the material shall be installed in accordance with the
more restrictive requirement.
306.2.1 Overexcavation. Where trenches are excavated
below the installation level of the pipe such that the bot-
tom of the trench does not form the bed for the pipe, the
trench shall be backfilled to the installation level of the
bottom of the pipe with sand or fine gravel placed in layers
not greater than 6 inches (152 mm) in depth and such
backfill shall be compacted after each placement.
306.2.2 Rock removal. Where rock is encountered in
trenching, the rock shall be removed to not less than 3
inches (76 mm) below the installation level of the bottom
of the pipe, and the trench shall be backfilled to the instal-
lation level of the bottom of the pipe with sand tamped in
place so as to provide uniform load-bearing support for the
pipe between joints. The pipe, including the joints, shall
not rest on rock at any point.
306.2.3 Soft load-bearing materials. If soft materials of
poor load-bearing quality are found at the bottom of the
trench, stabilization shall be achieved by overexcavating
not less than two pipe diameters and backfilling to the
installation level of the bottom of the pipe with fine gravel,
crushed stone or a concrete foundation. The concrete foun-
dation shall be bedded with sand tamped into place so as
to provide uniform load-bearing support for the pipe
between joints.
306.3 Backfilling. Backfill shall be free from discarded con-
struction material and debris. Loose earth free from rocks,
broken concrete and frozen chunks shall be placed in the
trench in 6-inch (152 mm) layers and tamped in place until
the crown of the pipe is covered by 12 inches (305 mm) of
tamped earth. The backfill under and beside the pipe shall be
compacted for pipe support. Backfill shall be brought up
evenly on both sides of the pipe so that the pipe remains
aligned. In instances where the manufacturer's instructions
for materials are more restrictive than those prescribed by the
code, the material shall be installed in accordance with the
more restrictive requirement.
306.4 Tunneling. Where pipe is to be installed by tunneling,
jacking or a combination of both, the pipe shall be protected
from damage during installation and from subsequent uneven
loading. Where earth tunnels are used, adequate supporting
structures shall be provided to prevent future settling or cav-
ing.
18
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
GENERAL REGULATIONS
SECTION 307
STRUCTURAL SAFETY
307.1 General. In the process of installing or repairing any
part of a plumbing and drainage installation, the finished
floors, walls, ceilings, tile work or any other part of the build-
ing or premises that must be changed or replaced shall be left
in a safe structural condition in accordance with the require-
ments of the International Building Code.
307.2 Cutting, notching or bored holes. A framing member
shall not be cut, notched or bored in excess of limitations
specified in the International Building Code.
307.3 Penetrations of floor/ceiling assemblies and fire-
resistance-rated assemblies. Penetrations of floor/ceiling
assemblies and assemblies required to have a fire-resistance
rating shall be protected in accordance with the International
Building Code.
[B] 307.4 Alterations to trusses. Truss members and compo-
nents shall not be cut, drilled, notched, spliced or otherwise
altered in any way without written concurrence and approval
of a registered design professional. Alterations resulting in
the addition of loads to any member (e.g., HVAC equipment,
water heater) shall not be permitted without verification that
the truss is capable of supporting such additional loading.
307.5 Trench location. Trenches installed parallel to foot-
ings shall not extend below the 45-degree (0.79 rad) bearing
plane of the footing or wall.
307.6 Piping materials exposed within plenums. All piping
materials exposed within plenums shall comply with the pro-
visions of the International Mechanical Code.
SECTION 308
PIPING SUPPORT
308.1 General. All plumbing piping shall be supported in
accordance with this section.
308.2 Piping seismic supports. Where earthquake loads are
applicable in accordance with the building code, plumbing
piping supports shall be designed and installed for the seismic
forces in accordance with the International Building Code.
308.3 Materials. Hangers, anchors and supports shall support
the piping and the contents of the piping. Hangers and strap-
ping material shall be of approved material that will not pro-
mote galvanic action.
308.4 Structural attachment. Hangers and anchors shall be
attached to the building construction in an approved manner.
308.5 Interval of support. Pipe shall be supported in accor-
dance with Table 308.5.
Exception: The interval of support for piping systems
designed to provide for expansion/contraction shall con-
form to the engineered design in accordance with Section
105.4.
308.6 Sway bracing. Rigid support sway bracing shall be
provided at changes in direction greater than 45 degrees (0.79
rad) for pipe sizes 4 inches (102 mm) and larger.
TABLE 308.5
HANGER SPACING
PIPING MATERIAL
MAXIMUM
HORIZONTAL
SPACING (feet)
MAXIMUM
VERTICAL
SPACING (feet)
ABS pipe
4
10 b
Aluminum tubing
10
15
Brass pipe
10
10
Cast-iron pipe
5"
15
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
12
10
Copper or copper-alloy tubing,
1 V 4 -inch diameter and
smaller
6
10
Copper or copper-alloy tubing,
1 7,-inch diameter and
larger
10
10
Cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX) pipe
2.67
(32 inches)
10"
Cross-linked polyethylene/
aluminum/cross-linked
polyethylene (PEX-AL-
PEX) pipe
2.67
(32 inches)
4
CPVC pipe or tubing, 1 inch
and smaller
3
10"
CPVC pipe or tubing, l7 4
inches and larger
4
10"
Steel pipe
12
15
Lead pipe
Continuous
4
Polyethylene/aluminum/
polyethylene (PE-AL-PE)
pipe
2.67
(32 inches)
4
Polyethylene of raised
temperature (PE-RT) pipe
2.67
(32 inches)
10 b
Polypropylene (PP) pipe or
tubing 1 inch and smaller
2.67
(32 inches)
10"
Polypropylene (PP) pipe or
tubing, 1 V 4 inches and larger
4
10 b
PVC pipe
4
10 b
Stainless steel drainage
systems
10
10 1 '
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
a. The maximum horizontal spacing of cast-iron pipe hangers shall be
increased to 10 feet where 1 0-foot lengths of pipe are installed.
b. Midstory guide for sizes 2 inches and smaller.
308.7 Anchorage. Anchorage shall be provided to restrain
drainage piping from axial movement.
308.7.1 Location. For pipe sizes greater than 4 inches
(102 mm), restraints shall be provided for drain pipes at all
changes in direction and at all changes in diameter greater
than two pipe sizes. Braces, blocks, rodding and other suit-
able methods as specified by the coupling manufacturer
shall be utilized.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
19
GENERAL REGULATIONS
308.8 Expansion joint fittings. Expansion joint fittings shall
be used only where necessary to provide for expansion and
contraction of the pipes. Expansion joint fittings shall be of
the typical material suitable for use with the type of piping in
which such fittings are installed.
308.9 Parallel water distribution systems. Piping bundles
for manifold systems shall be supported in accordance with
Table 308.5. Support at changes in direction shall be in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's instructions. Where hot water
piping is bundled with cold or hot water piping, each hot
water pipe shall be insulated.
SECTION 309
FLOOD HAZARD RESISTANCE
309.1 General. Plumbing systems and equipment in struc-
tures erected in flood hazard areas shall be constructed in
accordance with the requirements of this section and the
International Building Code.
[B] 309.2 Flood hazard. For structures located in flood haz-
ard areas, the following systems and equipment shall be
located and installed as required by Section 1612 of the Inter-
national Building Code.
Exception: The following systems are permitted to be
located below the elevation required by Section 1612 of
the International Building Code for utilities and attendant
equipment provided that the systems are designed and
installed to prevent water from entering or accumulating
within their components and the systems are constructed
to resist hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and stresses,
including the effects of buoyancy, during the occurrence
of flooding to up to such elevation.
1 . All water service pipes.
2. Pump seals in individual water supply systems
where the pump is located below the design flood
elevation.
3. Covers on potable water wells shall be sealed,
except where the top of the casing well or pipe
sleeve is elevated to not less than 1 foot (305 mm)
above the design flood elevation.
4. All sanitary drainage piping.
5. All storm drainage piping.
6. Manhole covers shall be sealed, except where ele-
vated to or above the design flood elevation.
7. All other plumbing fixtures, faucets, fixture fittings,
piping systems and equipment.
8. Water heaters.
9. Vents and vent systems.
[B] 309.3 Flood hazard areas subject to high-velocity
wave action. Structures located in flood hazard areas subject
to high-velocity wave action shall meet the requirements of
Section 309.2. The plumbing systems, pipes and fixtures shall
not be mounted on or penetrate through walls intended to
break away under flood loads.
SECTION 310
WASHROOM AND TOILET ROOM REQUIREMENTS
310.1 Light and ventilation. Washrooms and toilet rooms
shall be illuminated and ventilated in accordance with the
International Building Code and International Mechanical
Code.
310.2 Location of fixtures and compartments. The location
of plumbing fixtures and the requirements for compartments
and partitions shall be in accordance with Section 405.3.
310.3 Interior finish. Interior finish surfaces of toilet rooms
shall comply with the International Building Code.
SECTION 311
TOILET FACILITIES FOR WORKERS
311.1 General. Toilet facilities shall be provided for con-
struction workers and such facilities shall be maintained in a
sanitary condition. Construction worker toilet facilities of the
nonsewer type shall conform to ANSI Z4.3.
SECTION 312
TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
312.1 Required tests. The permit holder shall make the
applicable tests prescribed in Sections 312.2 through 312.10
to determine compliance with the provisions of this code. The
permit holder shall give reasonable advance notice to the
code official when the plumbing work is ready for tests. The
equipment, material, power and labor necessary for the
inspection and test shall be furnished by the permit holder
and the permit holder shall be responsible for determining
that the work will withstand the test pressure prescribed in the
following tests. All plumbing system piping shall be tested
with either water or, for piping systems other than plastic, by
air. After the plumbing fixtures have been set and their traps
filled with water, the entire drainage system shall be submit-
ted to final tests. The code official shall require the removal
of any cleanouts if necessary to ascertain whether the pres-
sure has reached all parts of the system.
312.1.1 Test gauges. Gauges used for testing shall be as
follows:
1. Tests requiring a pressure of 10 pounds per square
inch (psi) (69 kPa) or less shall utilize a testing
gauge having increments of 0.10 psi (0.69 kPa) or
less.
2. Tests requiring a pressure of greater than 10 psi (69
kPa) but less than or equal to 100 psi (689 kPa) shall
utilize a testing gauge having increments of 1 psi
(6.9 kPa) or less.
3. Tests requiring a pressure of greater than 100 psi
(689 kPa) shall utilize a testing gauge having incre-
ments of 2 psi (14 kPa) or less.
312.2 Drainage and vent water test. A water test shall be
applied to the drainage system either in its entirety or in sec-
tions. If applied to the entire system, all openings in the pip-
ing shall be tightly closed, except the highest opening, and
the system shall be filled with water to the point of overflow.
*
*
20
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
GENERAL REGULATIONS
If the system is tested in sections, each opening shall be
tightly plugged except the highest openings of the section
under test, and each section shall be filled with water, but no
section shall be tested with less than a 10-foot (3048 ram)
head of water. In testing successive sections, at least the
upper 10 feet (3048 mm) of the next preceding section shall
be tested so that no joint or pipe in the building, except the
uppermost 10 feet (3048 mm) of the system, shall have been
submitted to a test of less than a 10-foot (3048 mm) head of
water. This pressure shall be held for not less than 15 min-
utes. The system shall then be tight at all points.
! 312.3 Drainage and vent air test. Plastic piping shall not be
tested using air. An air test shall be made by forcing air into
the system until there is a uniform gauge pressure of 5 psi
(34.5 kPa) or sufficient to balance a 10-inch (254 mm) col-
umn of mercury. This pressure shall be held for a test period
of not less thanl5 minutes. Any adjustments to the test pres-
sure required because of changes in ambient temperatures or
the seating of gaskets shall be made prior to the beginning of
the test period.
312.4 Drainage and vent final test. The final test of the
completed drainage and vent systems shall be visual and in
sufficient detail to determine compliance with the provisions
of this code. Where a smoke test is utilized, it shall be made
by filling all traps with water and then introducing into the
entire system a pungent, thick smoke produced by one or
more smoke machines. When the smoke appears at stack
openings on the roof, the stack openings shall be closed and a
pressure equivalent to a 1-inch water column (248.8 Pa) shall
be held for a test period of not less than 15 minutes.
312.5 Water supply system test. Upon completion of a sec-
tion of or the entire water supply system, the system, or por-
tion completed, shall be tested and proved tight under a water
pressure not less than the working pressure of the system; or,
for piping systems other than plastic, by an air test of not less
than 50 psi (344 kPa). This pressure shall be held for not less
than 15 minutes. The water utilized for tests shall be obtained
from a potable source of supply. The required tests shall be
performed in accordance with this section and Section 107.
312.6 Gravity sewer test. Gravity sewer tests shall consist of
plugging the end of the building sewer at the point of connec-
tion with the public sewer, filling the building sewer with
water, testing with not less than a 1 0-foot (3048 mm) head of
water and maintaining such pressure for 15 minutes.
312.7 Forced sewer test. Forced sewer tests shall consist of
plugging the end of the building sewer at the point of connec-
tion with the public sewer and applying a pressure of 5 psi
(34.5 kPa) greater than the pump rating, and maintaining such
pressure for 15 minutes.
312.8 Storm drainage system test. Storm drain systems
within a building shall be tested by water or air in accordance
with Section 312.2 or 312.3.
312.9 Shower liner test. Where shower floors and receptors
are made water-tight by the application of materials required
by Section 417.5.2, the completed liner installation shall be
tested. The pipe from the shower drain shall be plugged water
tight for the test. The floor and receptor area shall be filled
with potable water to a depth of not less than 2 inches (51
mm) measured at the threshold. Where a threshold of at least
2 inches (5 1 mm) high does not exist, a temporary threshold
shall be constructed to retain the test water in the lined floor
or receptor area to a level not less than 2 inches (5 1 mm) deep
measured at the threshold. The water shall be retained for a
test period of not less than 15 minutes, and there shall not be
evidence of leakage.
312.10 Inspection and testing of backflow prevention
assemblies. Inspection and testing shall comply with Sec-
tions 312.10.1 and 312.10.2.
312.10.1 Inspections. Annual inspections shall be made
of all backflow prevention assemblies and air gaps to
determine whether they are operable.
312.10.2 Testing. Reduced pressure principle, double
check, pressure vacuum breaker, reduced pressure detector
fire protection, double check detector fire protection, and
spill-resistant vacuum breaker backflow preventer assem-
blies and hose connection backflow preventers shall be
tested at the time of installation, immediately after repairs
or relocation and at least annually. The testing procedure
shall be performed in accordance with one of the follow-
ing standards: ASSE 5013, ASSE 5015, ASSE 5020,
ASSE 5047, ASSE 5048, ASSE 5052, ASSE 5056, CSA
B64.10orCSAB64.10.1.
SECTION 313
EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCIES
313.1 General. Equipment efficiencies shall be in accor-
dance with the International Energy Conservation Code.
SECTION 314
CONDENSATE DISPOSAL
[M] 314.1 Fuel-burning appliances. Liquid combustion by-
products of condensing appliances shall be collected and dis-
charged to an approved plumbing fixture or disposal area in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Condensate
piping shall be of approved corrosion-resistant material and
shall not be smaller than the drain connection on the appli-
ance. Such piping shall maintain a horizontal slope in the
direction of discharge of not less than one-eighth unit vertical
in 12 units horizontal (1-percent slope).
[M] 314.2 Evaporators and cooling coils. Condensate drain
systems shall be provided for equipment and appliances con-
taining evaporators or cooling coils. Condensate drain sys-
tems shall be designed, constructed and installed in
accordance with Sections 314.2.1 through 314.2.4.
[M] 314.2.1 Condensate disposal. Condensate from all
cooling coils and evaporators shall be conveyed from the
drain pan outlet to an approved place of disposal. Such
piping shall maintain a horizontal slope in the direction of
discharge of not less than one-eighth unit vertical in 12
units horizontal (1-percent slope). Condensate shall not
discharge into a street, alley or other areas so as to cause a
nuisance.
[M] 314.2.2 Drain pipe materials and sizes. Components
of the condensate disposal system shall be cast iron, galva-
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
21
GENERAL REGULATIONS
nized steel, copper, cross-linked polyethylene, polybutyl-
ene, polyethylene, ABS, CPVC or PVC pipe or tubing. All
components shall be selected for the pressure and tempera-
ture rating of the installation. Joints and connections shall
be made in accordance with the applicable provisions of
Chapter 7 relative to the material type. Condensate waste
and drain line size shall be not less than 3 / 4 -inch (19 mm)
internal diameter and shall not decrease in size from the
drain pan connection to the place of condensate disposal.
Where the drain pipes from more than one unit are mani-
folded together for condensate drainage, the pipe or tubing
shall be sized in accordance with Table 314.2.2.
[M] TABLE 314.2.2
CONDENSATE DRAIN SIZING
EQUIPMENT CAPACITY
MINIMUM CONDENSATE
PIPE DIAMETER
Up to 20 tons of refrigeration
V 4 inch
Over 20 tons to 40 tons of refrigeration
1 inch
Over 40 tons to 90 tons of refrigeration
l'/ 4 inch
Over 90 tons to 125 tons of refrigeration
1 'A, inch
Over 125 tons to 250 tons of refrigeration
2 inch
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ton of capacity = 3.517 kW.
[M] 314.2.3 Auxiliary and secondary drain systems. In
addition to the requirements of Section 314.2.1, where
damage to any building components could occur as a
result of overflow from the equipment primary condensate
removal system, one of the following auxiliary protection
methods shall be provided for each cooling coil or fuel-
fired appliance that produces condensate:
1. An auxiliary drain pan with a separate drain shall be
provided under the coils on which condensation will
occur. The auxiliary pan drain shall discharge to a
conspicuous point of disposal to alert occupants in
the event of a stoppage of the primary drain. The pan
shall have a depth of not less than l'/ 2 inches (38
mm), shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm) larger
than the unit or the coil dimensions in width and
length and shall be constructed of corrosion-resistant
material. Galvanized sheet metal pans shall have a
thickness of not less than 0.0236-inch (0.6010 mm)
(No. 24 gage) galvanized sheet metal. Nonmetallic
pans shall have a thickness of not less than 0.0625
inch (1.6 mm).
2. A separate overflow drain line shall be connected to
the drain pan provided with the equipment. Such
overflow drain shall discharge to a conspicuous
point of disposal to alert occupants in the event of a
stoppage of the primary drain. The overflow drain
line shall connect to the drain pan at a higher level
than the primary drain connection.
3. An auxiliary drain pan without a separate drain line
shall be provided under the coils on which conden-
sate will occur. Such pan shall be equipped with a
water-level detection device conforming to UL 508
that will shut off the equipment served prior to over-
flow of the pan. The auxiliary drain pan shall be
constructed in accordance with Item 1 of this sec-
tion.
4. A water-level detection device conforming to UL
508 shall be provided that will shut off the equip-
ment served in the event that the primary drain is
blocked. The device shall be installed in the primary
drain line, the overflow drain line, or in the equip-
ment-supplied drain pan, located at a point higher
than the primary drain line connection and below the
overflow rim of such pan.
Exception: Fuel-fired appliances that automati-
cally shut down operation in the event of a stop-
page in the condensate drainage system.
[M] 314.2.3.1 Water-level monitoring devices. On
down-flow units and all other coils that do not have a
secondary drain or provisions to install a secondary or
auxiliary drain pan, a water-level monitoring device
shall be installed inside the primary drain pan. This
device shall shut off the equipment served in the event
that the primary drain becomes restricted. Devices
installed in the drain line shall not be permitted.
[MJ 314.2.3.2 Appliance, equipment and insulation
in pans. Where appliances, equipment or insulation are
subject to water damage when auxiliary drain pans fill
such portions of the appliances, equipment and insula-
tion shall be installed above the flood level rim of the
pan. Supports located inside of the pan to support the
appliance or equipment shall be water resistant and
approved.
[M] 314.2.4 Traps. Condensate drains shall be trapped as
required by the equipment or appliance manufacturer.
SECTION 315
PENETRATIONS
315.1 Sealing of annular spaces. The annular space between
the outside of a pipe and the inside of a pipe sleeve or
between the outside of a pipe and an opening in a building
envelope wall, floor, or ceiling assembly penetrated by a pipe
shall be sealed in an approved manner with caulking material,
foam sealant or closed with a gasketing system. The caulking
material, foam sealant or gasketing system shall be designed
for the conditions at the penetration location and shall be
compatible with the pipe, sleeve and building materials in
contact with the sealing materials. Annular spaces created by
pipes penetrating fire-resistance-rated assemblies or mem-
branes of such assemblies shall be sealed or closed in accor-
dance with Section 713 of the International Building Code.
SECTION 316
ALTERNATIVE ENGINEERED DESIGN
316.1 Alternative engineered design. The design, documen-
tation, inspection, testing and approval of an alternative engi-
neered design plumbing system shall comply with Sections
316.1.1 through 316.1.6.
316.1.1 Design criteria. An alternative engineered design
shall conform to the intent of the provisions of this code
**
**
**
22
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
GENERAL REGULATIONS
and shall provide an equivalent level of quality, strength,
effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety. Mate-
rial, equipment or components shall be designed and
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
** 316.1.2 Submittal. The registered design professional
shall indicate on the permit application that the plumbing
system is an alternative engineered design. The permit
and permanent permit records shall indicate that an alter-
native engineered design was part of the approved instal-
lation.
** 316.1.3 Technical data. The registered design profes-
sional shall submit sufficient technical data to substantiate
the proposed alternative engineered design and to prove
that the performance meets the intent of this code.
** 316.1.4 Construction documents. The registered design
professional shall submit to the code official two complete
sets of signed and sealed construction documents for the
alternative engineering design shall include floor plans
and a riser diagram of the work. Where appropriate, the
construction documents shall indicate the direction of
flow, all pipe sizes, grade of horizontal piping, loading,
and location of fixtures and appliances.
** 316.1.5 Design approval. Where the code official deter-
mines that the alternative engineered design conforms to
the intent of this code, the plumbing system shall be
approved. If the alternative engineered design is not
approved, the code official shall notify the registered
design professional in writing, stating the reasons thereof.
** 316.1.6 Inspection and testing. The alternative engi-
neered design shall be tested and inspected in accordance
with the requirements of Sections 107 and 312.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 23
24 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 4
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the materials, design
and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture fit-
tings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall pro-
vide for the minimum number of fixtures for various types of
occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections. Water closets
having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or hav-
ing walls that are not thoroughly washed at each discharge in
accordance with ASME A 1 12.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall be pro-
hibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the con-
tents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohibited.
Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation. The maximum water flow rates
and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings
shall comply with Section 604.4.
SECTION 402
FIXTURE MATERIALS
402.1 Quality of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be con-
structed of approved materials, with smooth, impervious sur-
faces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and
shall conform to standards cited in this code. All porcelain
enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resis-
tant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures. Materials for spe-
cialty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or
shall be lined with lead, copper-base alloy, nickel-copper
alloy, corrosion-resistant steel or other material especially
suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper. Sheet copper for general applications
shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less than
12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m 2 ).
402.4 Sheet lead. Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less
than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m 2 ) coated with an
asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures
shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the mini-
mum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies
not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually by
the code official. The number of occupants shall be deter-
mined by the International Building Code. Occupancy classi-
fication shall be determined in accordance with the
International Building Code.
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES"
(See Sections 403.2 and 403.3)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS SEE
SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES
BATHTUBS/
SHOWERS
DRINKING
FOUNTAIN 6 ' 1
(SEE
SECTION
410.1)
OTHER
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A-l d
Theaters and other buildings
for the performing arts and
motion pictures
1 per 125
1 per 65
I per 200
—
l per 500
1 service
sink
A-2 11
Nightclubs, bars, taverns,
dance halls and buildings for
similar purposes
1 per 40
1 per 40
1 per 75
—
1 per 500
1 service
sink
Restaurants, banquet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service
sink
A-3 1 '
Auditoriums without perma-
nent seating, art galleries,
exhibition halls, museums,
lecture halls, libraries,
arcades and gymnasiums
1 per 125
1 per 65
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service
sink
Passenger terminals and
transportation facilities
1 per 500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1 ,000
1 service
sink
Places of worship and other
religious services.
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service
sink
(continued)
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBiNG CODE®
25
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
TABLE 403.1 —continued
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES 8
(See Sections 403.2 and 403.3)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS SEE SECTION
419.2)
LAVATORIES
BATHTUBS/
SHOWERS
DRINKING
FOUNTAIN"
(SEE
SECTION
410.1)
OTHER
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
(cont.)
Assembly
A-4
Coliseums, arenas, skat-
ing rinks, pools and ten-
nis courts for indoor
sporting events and
activities
1 per 75
for the
first 1 ,500
and 1 per
120forthe
remainder
exceeding
1,500
1 per 40
for the first
1,520 and
1 per 60
for the
remainder
exceeding
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service
sink
A-5
Stadiums, amusement
parks, bleachers and
grandstands for outdoor
sporting events and
activities
1 per 75
for the
first 1,500
and 1 per
120 for the
remainder
exceeding
1,500
1 per 40
for the first
l,520and 1
per 60 for
the remain-
der exceed-
ing 1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service
sink
2
Business
B
Buildings for the trans-
action of business, pro-
fessional services, other
services involving mer-
chandise, office build-
ings, banks, light
industrial and similar
uses
1 per 25 for the first 50
and 1 per 50 for the
remainder exceeding
50
1 per 40 for the
first 80 and 1
per 80 for the
remainder
exceeding 80
—
1 per 100
1 service
sink g
3
Educational
E
Educational facilities
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F-landF-2
Structures in which
occupants are engaged
in work fabricating,
assembly or processing
of products or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see Sec-
tion 411)
1 per 400
1 service
sink
5
Institutional
1-1
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service
sink
1-2
Hospitals, ambulatory
nursing home care
recipient
1 per room 1
1 per room c
1 per 1 5
1 per 100
1 service
sink per
floor
Employees, other than
residential care 1 '
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than resi-
dential care
1 per 75
1 per 100
—
1 per 500
—
1-3
Prisons' 1
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 perlS
1 per 100
1 service
sink
Reformitories, deten-
tion centers, and correc-
tional centers 1 '
1 per 1 5
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service
sink
Employees' 1
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
1-4
Adult day care and child
day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1
1 per 100
1 service
sink
{continued)
26
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
TABLE 403.1 —continued
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES 3
(See Sections 403.2 and 403.3)
NO.
CLASSIFICATIO
N
OCCUPANCY
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS SEE
SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES
BATHTUBS/
SHOWERS
DRINKING
FOUNTAIN 6 '
(SEE SECTION
410.1)
OTHER
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
Retail stores,
service stations.
1 service
sink g
6
Mercantile
M
shops, salesrooms.
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
markets and shop-
ping centers
R-l
Hotels, motels,
boarding houses
(transient)
1 per sleeping unit
1 per sleeping unit
1 per sleep-
ing unit
—
1 service
sink
Dormitories, frater-
nities, sororities
1 service
sink
R-2
and boarding
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
houses (not tran-
sient)
1 kitchen
sink per
dwelling
R-2
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
unit; 1 auto-
matic
clothes
washer con-
nection per
7
Residential
20 dwelling
units
R-3
Congregate living
facilities with 16 or
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service
sink
fewer persons
1 kitchen
sink per
dwelling
unit; 1 auto-
R-3
One- and two-fam-
ily dwellings
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling unit
dwelling
unit
matic
clothes
washer con-
nection per
dwelling
unit
R-4
Congregate living
facilities with 16 or
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service
sink
Structures for the
storage of goods,
8
Storage
S-l
S-2
warehouses, store-
house and freight
depots. Low and
Moderate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section411
I per 1 ,000
1 service
sink
a. The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated or any fraction of the number of persons
indicated. The number of occupants shall be determined by the International Building Code.
b. Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or care recipients.
(continued)
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
27
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
TABLE 403.1 —continued
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES 8
(See Sections 403.2 and 403.3)
A single-occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory serving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be permitted where such
room is provided with direct access from each patient sleeping unit and with provisions for privacy.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment areas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities required.
The minimum number of required drinking fountains shall comply with Table 403. 1 and Chapter 1 1 of the International Building Code.
Drinking fountains are not required for an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations. To determine the occupant
load of each sex, the total occupant load shall be divided in
half. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fix-
ture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be applied to
the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table
403.1. Fractional numbers resulting from applying the fix-
ture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next
whole number. For calculations involving multiple occu-
pancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall
first be summed and then rounded up to the next whole
number.
Exception: The total occupant load shall not be
required to be divided in half where approved statistical
data indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than
50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted-use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted-use toilet and
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the Inter-
national Building Code are permitted to be included in the
number of required fixtures for either the male or female
occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.2 Separate facilities. Where plumbing fixtures are
required, separate facilities shall be provided for each sex.
Exceptions:
1 . Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling
units and sleeping units.
2. Separate facilities shall not be required in structures
or tenant spaces with a total occupant load, includ-
ing both employees and customers, of 1 5 or fewer.
3. Separate facilities shall not be required in mercan-
tile occupancies in which the maximum occupant
load is 100 or fewer.
403.2.1 Family or assisted-use toilet facilities serving as
separate facilities. Where a building or tenant space
requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each toi-
let facility is required to have only one water closet, two
family/assisted-use toilet facilities shall be permitted to
serve as the required separate facilities. Family or assisted-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for
exclusive use by either sex as required by Section 403.4.
403.3 Required public toilet facilities. Customers, patrons
and visitors shall be provided with public toilet facilities in
structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization.
The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required
toilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section
403 for all users. Employees shall be provided with toilet
facilities in all occupancies. Employee toilet facilities shall be
either separate or combined employee and public toilet facili-
ties.
Exception: Public toilet facilities shall not be required in
open or enclosed parking garages. Toilet facilities shall
not be required in parking garages where there are no
parking attendants.
403.3.1 Access. The route to the public toilet facilities
required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens,
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities
shall be from within the building or from the exterior of
the building. All routes shall comply with the accessibility
requirements of the International Building Code. The pub-
lic shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all
times that the building is occupied.
[Bj 403.3.2 Toilet room location. Toilet rooms shall not
open directly into a room used for the preparation of food
for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other
than malls. In occupancies other than covered and open
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet
facilities shall be located not more than one story above or
below the space required to be provided with toilet facili-
ties, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not
exceed a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: The location and maximum travel distances
to required employee facilities in factory and industrial
occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by
this section, provided that the location and maximum
travel distance are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls. In covered
and open mall buildings, the required public and employee
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story
above or below the space required to be provided with toi-
let facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall
not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 440 mm). In mall
buildings, the required facilities shall be based on total
square footage within a covered mall building or within
the perimeter line of an open mall building, and facilities
shall be installed in each individual store or in a central
toilet area located in accordance with this section. The
maximum travel distance to central toilet facilities in mall
buildings shall be measured from the main entrance of any
store or tenant space. In mall buildings, where employees'
toilet facilities are not provided in the individual store, the
maximum travel distance shall be measured from the
employees' work area of the store or tenant space.
28
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.3.5 Pay facilities. Where pay facilities are installed,
such facilities shall be in excess of the required minimum
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. Where a toilet room is provided
for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room.
This section does not apply to family or assisted-use toilet
rooms.
403.4 Signage. Required public facilities shall be designated
by a legible sign for each sex. Signs shall be readily visible
and located near the entrance to each toilet facility. Signs for
accessible toilet facilities shall comply with Section 1110 of
the International Building Code.
403.4.1 Directional signage. Directional signage indicat-
ing the route to the public facilities shall be posted in
accordance with Section 3 1 07 of the International Build-
ing Code. Such signage shall be located in a corridor or
aisle, at the entrance to the facilities for customers and vis-
itors.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. Drinking fountains shall
not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces pro-
vided that public drinking fountains are located within a
travel distance of 500 feet (152 mm) of the most remote loca-
tion in the tenant space and not more than one story above or
below the tenant space. Where the tenant space is in a cov-
ered or open mall, such distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91
440 mm). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessi-
ble route.
SECTION 404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required. Accessible plumbing facilities and
fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the Interna-
tional Building Code.
SECTION 405
INSTALLATION OF FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection. The supply lines and fit-
tings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning. Plumbing fixtures shall be
installed so as to afford easy access for cleaning both the fix-
ture and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting. Fixtures shall be set level and in proper align-
ment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets. A
water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set closer
than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall,
partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 30
inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fix-
tures. There shall be not less than a 21 -inch (533 mm)
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or
bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor-
mounted water closets and not less than 30 inches (762 1
mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall- I
hung water closets. 1
405.3.2 Public lavatories. In employee and public toilet
rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same
room as the required water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. Piping, fixtures **
or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or
other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. Each water closet **
utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing
the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1. Water closet compartments shall not be required
in a single-occupant toilet room with a lockable
door.
2. Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities |
and containing two or more water closets shall be
permitted to have one water closet without an
enclosing compartment.
3. This provision is not applicable to toilet areas
located within Group 1-3 housing areas.
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. Each urinal utilized by the pub- **
lie or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls or
partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall
begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) from
and extend not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the
finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall extend
from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less
than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 6
inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front lip of the uri-
nal measured from the finished backwall surface, which-
ever is greater.
Exceptions:
1 . Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single
occupant or family/assisted-use toilet room with
a lockable door.
2. Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities |
and containing two or more urinals shall be per-
mitted to have one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections. Connections
between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall be
made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing
gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint shall
comply with the joint tightness test of ASME Al 12.4.3 and
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and
anchored to the structure. Connections between the drain and
wall-hung water closets shall be made with an approved
extension nipple or horn adaptor. The water closet shall be
bolted to the hanger with corrosion-resistant bolts or screws.
Joints shall be sealed with an approved elastomeric gasket,
flange-to-fixture connection complying with ASME
Al 12.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
29
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.4.1 Floor flanges. Floor flanges for water closets or
similar fixtures shall not be less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm)
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic, and
0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2-inch (51
mm) caulking depth for cast-iron or galvanized malleable
iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1
pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead
alloy with not less than 7.75-percent antimony by weight.
Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall be
secured to the building structure with corrosion-resistant
screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures. Floor outlet fix-
tures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by
screws or bolts of corrosion-resistant material.
405.4.3 Securing wall-hung water closet bowls. Wall-
hung water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed
metal carrier that is attached to the building structural
members so that strain is not transmitted to the closet con-
nector or any other part of the plumbing system. The car-
rier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME
A112.6.2.
405.5 Water-tight joints. Joints formed where fixtures come
in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers. In mental health
centers, pipes or traps shall not be exposed, and fixtures shall
be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows. Where any fixture is provided
with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed so
that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow
when the stopper is closed, and no water will remain in the
overflow when the fixture is empty.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows. The overflow from any
fixture shall discharge into the drainage system on the inlet
or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: The overflow from a flush tank serving a
water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections. Slip joints shall be made with
an approved elastomeric gasket and shall only be installed on
the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures
with concealed slip-joint connections shall be provided with
an access panel or utility space not less than 1 2 inches (305
mm) in its smallest dimension or other approved arrangement
so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for
inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures. Inte-
gral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures constructed on site,
shall meet the design requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA
B45.1 oi-ASMEA112.19.3/CSAB45.4.
SECTION 406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. The water supply to an automatic
clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an air
gap installed integrally within the machine or with the instal- j
lation of a backflow preventer in accordance with Section
608.
406.2 Waste connection. The waste from an automatic
clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a
standpipe in accordance with Section 802.4 or into a laundry
sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes
washer standpipe shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) in
diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an auto- 1
matic clothes washer shall connect to a 3-inch (76 mm) or I
larger diameter fixture branch or stack. Automatic clothes |
washers that discharge by gravity shall be permitted to drain
to a waste receptor or an approved trench drain.
SECTION 407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval. Bathtubs shall conform to ANSI Z124.1.2,
ASME AU2.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA
B45.1, ASME Al 12.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. Bathtubs shall
be equipped with a waste outlet and an overflow outlet. The
outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less
than l'/ 2 inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste outlet shall
be equipped with a water-tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing. Windows and doors within a bathtub enclo-
sure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of the
International Building Code.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure. Doors within a bathtub enclosure
shall conform to ASME Al 12.19.15.
408.1 Approval,
CSAB45.1.
SECTION 408
BIDETS
Bidets shall conform to ASME Al 12. 19.2/
408.2 Water connection. The water supply to a bidet shall be
protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow pre-
venter in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2,
608.13.3,608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
408.3 Bidet water temperature. The discharge water tem-
perature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting
device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CSA B125.3. §
SECTION 409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval. Commercial dishwashing machines shall |
conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3.
409.2 Water connection. The water supply to a dishwashing
machine shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.
409.3 Waste connection. The waste connection of a dish-
washing machine shall comply with Section 802.1.6 or
802.1.7, as applicable.
30
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
8
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval. Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME
A112.19.1/CSA B45.2 orASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 and
water coolers shall conform to ARI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to NSF 61, Section 9.
[B] 410.2 Minimum number. Where drinking fountains are
required, not fewer than two drinking fountains shall be pro-
vided. One drinking fountain shall comply with the require-
ments for people who use a wheelchair and one drinking
fountain shall comply with the requirements for standing per-
sons.
Exception: A single drinking fountain that complies with
the requirements for people who use a wheelchair and
standing persons shall be permitted to be substituted for
two separate drinking fountains.
410.3 Substitution. Where restaurants provide drinking
water in a container free of charge, drinking fountains shall
not be required in those restaurants. In other occupancies,
where drinking fountains are required, water coolers or bot-
tled water dispensers shall be permitted to be substituted for
not more than 50 percent of the required number of drinking
fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. Drinking fountains, water coolers
and bottle water dispensers shall not be installed in public
restrooms.
SECTION 411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH
STATIONS
411.1 Approval. Emergency showers and eyewash stations
shall conform to ISEA Z358. 1 .
411.2 Waste connection. Waste connections shall not be
required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval. Floor drains shall conform to ASME
A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall
comply with ASME Al 12.6.3.
412.2 Floor drains. Floor drains shall have removable strain-
ers. The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain is
capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the
drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: Floor drains serving refrigerated display cases
shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains. Floor drains shall have a drain
outlet not less than 2 inches (5 1 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities. In
public coin-operated laundries and in the central washing
facilities of multiple-family dwellings, the rooms containing
automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor drains
located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall
have a outlet of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
SECTION 413
FOOD WASTE GRINDER UNITS
413.1 Approval. Domestic food waste grinders shall con-
form to ASSE 1008. Food waste grinders shall not increase
the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage system.
413.2 Domestic food waste grinder waste outlets. Domestic
food waste grinders shall be connected to a drain of not less
than l'/ 2 inches (38 mm) in diameter.
413.3 Commercial food waste grinder waste outlets. Com-
mercial food waste grinders shall be connected to a drain not
less than I 1 /, inches (38 mm) in diameter. Commercial food
waste grinders shall be connected and trapped separately
from any other fixtures or sink compartments.
413.4 Water supply required. All food waste grinders shall
be provided with a supply of cold water. The water supply
shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.
SECTION 414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS
414.1 Water connection. The water supply to a garbage can
washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or a
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1,
608.13.2, 608.13.3,608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
414.2 Waste connection. Garbage can washers shall be
trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from
the washer shall have a removable basket or strainer to pre-
vent the discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
SECTION 415
LAUNDRY TRAYS
415.1 Approval. Laundry trays shall conform to ANSI
Z124.6, ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/
CSA B45.1, ASME Al 12.19.3/CSA B45.4.
415.2 Waste outlet. Each compartment of a laundry tray
shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than l'/ 2 inches
(38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the
clear opening of the waste outlet.
SECTION 416
LAVATORIES
416.1 Approval. Lavatories shall conform to ANSI Z124.3,
ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA
B45.1, or ASME Al 12.19.3/CSA B45.4. Group wash-up
equipment shall conform to the requirements of Section 402.
Every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim space shall be considered as
one lavatory.
416.2 Cultured marble lavatories. Cultured marble vanity
tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to ANSI Z124.3
orCSAB45.5.
416.3 Lavatory waste outlets. Lavatories shall have waste
outlets not less than l'/ 4 inches (32 mm) in diameter. A
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
31
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
strainer, pop-up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be
provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
416.4 Moveable lavatory systems. Moveable lavatory sys-
tems shall comply with ASME All 2. 19. 12.
416.5 Tempered water for public hand-washing facilities.
Tempered water shall be delivered from lavatories and group
wash fixtures located in public toilet facilities provided for
customers, patrons and visitors. Tempered water shall be
delivered through an approved water-temperature limiting
device that conforms to ASSE 1070 or CSA B125.3.
SECTION 417
SHOWERS
417.1 Approval. Prefabricated showers and shower compart-
ments shall conform to ANSI Z124.1.2, ASME A112.19.2/
CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5. Shower valves for individual
showers shall conform to the requirements of Section 424.3.
417.2 Water supply riser. Water supply risers from the
shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or
concealed, shall be attached to the structure. The attachment
to the structure shall be made by the use of support devices
designed for use with the specific piping material or by fit-
tings anchored with screws.
417.3 Shower waste outlet. Waste outlets serving showers
shall be not less than 1 7 2 inches (38 mm) in diameter and, for
other than waste outlets in bathtubs, shall have removable
strainers not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter with
strainer openings not less than V 4 inch (6.4 mm) in least
dimension. Where each shower space is not provided with an
individual waste outlet, the waste outlet shall be located and
the floor pitched so that waste from one shower does not flow
over the floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets
shall be fastened to the waste pipe in an approved manner.
417.4 Shower compartments. Shower compartments shall
be not less than 900 square inches (0.58 m 2 ) in interior cross-
sectional area. Shower compartments shall be not less than 30
inches (762 mm) in least dimension as measured from the fin-
ished interior dimension of the compartment, exclusive of
fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes, and safety grab bars
or rails. Except as required in Section 404, the minimum
required area and dimension shall be measured from the fin-
ished interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the
threshold and at a point tangent to its centerline and shall be
continued to a height not less than 70 inches (1778 mm)
above the shower drain outlet.
Exception: Shower compartments having not less than 25
inches (635 mm) in minimum dimension measured from
the finished interior dimension of the compartment, pro-
vided that the shower compartment has not less than of
1,300 square inches (.838 m 2 ) of cross-sectional area.
417.4.1 Wall area. The wall area above built-in tubs with
installed shower heads and in shower compartments shall
be constructed of smooth, noncorrosive and nonabsorbent
waterproof materials to a height not less than 6 feet (1829
mm) above the room floor level, and not less than 70
inches (1778 mm) where measured from the compartment
floor at the drain. Such walls shall form a water-tight joint
with each other and with either the tub, receptor or shower
floor.
417.4.2 Access. The shower compartment access and
egress opening shall have a clear and unobstructed fin-
ished width of not less than 22 inches (559 mm). Shower
compartments required to be designed in conformance to
accessibility provisions shall comply with Section 404.1.
417.5 Shower floors or receptors. Floor surfaces shall be
constructed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and
waterproof materials.
417.5.1 Support. Floors or receptors under shower com-
partments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and
structurally sound base.
417.5.2 Shower lining. Floors under shower compart-
ments, except where prefabricated receptors have been
provided, shall be lined and made water tight utilizing
material complying with Sections 417.5.2.1 through
417.5.2.6. Such liners shall turn up on all sides not less |
than 2 inches (51 mm) above the finished threshold level.
Liners shall be recessed and fastened to an approved back-
ing so as not to occupy the space required for wall cover-
ing, and shall not be nailed or perforated at any point less
than 1 inch (25 mm) above the finished threshold. Liners
shall be pitched one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units hori-
zontal (2-percent slope) and shall be sloped toward the fix-
ture drains and be securely fastened to the waste outlet at
the seepage entrance, making a water-tight joint between
the liner and the outlet. The completed liner shall be tested
in accordance with Section 312.9.
Exceptions:
1. Floor surfaces under shower heads provided for
rinsing laid directly on the ground are not
required to comply with this section.
2. Where a sheet-applied, load-bearing, bonded,
wateiproof membrane is installed as the shower
lining, the membrane shall not be required to be
recessed.
417.5.2.1 PVC sheets. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) sheets shall meet the requirements of ASTM D j
4551. Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets.
Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall I
meet the requirements of ASTM D 4068. The liner §
shall be joined in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions.
417.5.2.3 Sheet lead. Sheet lead shall weigh not less
than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m 2 ) and shall be
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
The lead sheet shall be insulated from conducting sub-
stances other than the connecting drain by 15-pound
(6.80 kg) asphalt felt or an equivalent. Sheet lead shall
be joined by burning.
417.5.2.4 Sheet copper. Sheet copper shall conform to
ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not less than 12 ounces
per square foot (3.7 kg/m 2 ). The copper sheet shall be
32
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
insulated from conducting substances other than the
connecting drain by 15-pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or
an equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing
or soldering.
417.5.2.5 Sheet-applied, load-bearing, bonded,
waterproof membranes. Sheet-applied, load-bearing,
bonded, waterproof membranes shall meet require-
ments of ANSI Al 18.10 and shall be applied in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
417.5.2.6 Liquid-type, trowel-applied, load- bearing,
bonded waterproof materials. Liquid-type, trowel-
applied, load-bearing, bonded waterproof materials
shall meet the requirements of ANSI Al 18.10 and shall
be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
417.6 Glazing. Windows and doors within a shower enclo-
sure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of the
International Building Code.
SECTION 418
SINKS
418.1 Approval. Sinks shall conform to ANSI Z124.6,
ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA
B45.1 or ASME A112.19.3/CSAB45.4.
418.2 Sink waste outlets. Sinks shall be provided with waste
outlets having a diameter not less than 1 V 2 inches (38 mm). A
strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear
opening of the waste outlet.
418.3 Moveable sink systems. Moveable sink systems shall
comply with ASME Al 12.19.12.
SECTION 419
URINALS
419.1 Approval. Urinals shall conform to ANSI Z124.9,
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME Al 12.19.19 or CSA
B45.5. Urinals shall conform to the water consumption
requirements of Section 604.4. Water-supplied urinals shall
conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5.
419.2 Substitution for water closets. In each bathroom or
toilet room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 67
percent of the required water closets in assembly and educa-
tional occupancies. Urinals shall not be substituted for more
than 50 percent of the required water closets in all other occu-
pancies.
[B] 419.3 Surrounding material. Wall and floor space to a
point 2 feet (610 mm) in front of a urinal lip and 4 feet (1219
mm) above the floor and at least 2 feet (610 mm) to each side
of the urinal shall be waterproofed with a smooth, readily
cleanable, nonabsorbent material.
SECTION 420
WATER CLOSETS
420.1 Approval. Water closets shall conform to the water
consumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall con-
form to ANSI Z124.4, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5. Water closets shall
conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of
ASME Al 12.19.2/CSA B45.1. Water closet tanks shall con-
form to ANSI Z124.4, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5. Electro-hydraulic
water closets shall comply with ASME Al 12.19.2/CSA
B45.1.
420.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.
Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facilities
shall be of the elongated type.
420.3 Water closet seats. Water closets shall be equipped
with seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of
water closets provided for public or employee toilet facilities
shall be of the hinged open-front type. Integral water closet
seats shall be of the same material as the fixture. Water closet
seats shall be sized for the water closet bowl type.
420.4 Water closet connections. A 4-inch by 3-inch (102
mm by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 3-
inch (76 mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4-inch by 3-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) flange shall be installed to receive
the fixture horn.
SECTION 421
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS
421.1 Approval. Whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with
ASMEA112.19.7/CSAB45.10.
421.2 Installation. Whirlpool bathtubs shall be installed and
tested in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions. The pump shall be located above the weir of the
fixture trap.
421.3 Drain. The pump drain and circulation piping shall be
sloped to drain the water in the volute and the circulation pip-
ing when the whirlpool bathtub is empty.
421.4 Suction fittings. Suction fittings for whirlpool bath-
tubs shall comply with ASME A112.19.7/CSA B45.10.
421.5 Access to pump. Access shall be provided to circula-
tion pumps in accordance with the fixture or pump manufac-
turer's installation instructions. Where the manufacturer's
instructions do not specify the location and minimum size of
field-fabricated access openings, an opening not less than 12-
inches by 12-inches (305 mm by 305 mm) shall be installed
to provide access to the circulation pump. Where pumps are
located more than 2 feet (609 mm) from the access opening,
an opening not less than 18-inches by 18-inches (457 mm by
457 mm) shall be installed. A door or panel shall be permitted
to close the opening. In all cases, the access opening shall be
unobstructed and of the size necessary to permit the removal
and replacement of the circulation pump.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
421.6 Whirlpool enclosure. Doors within a whirlpool enclo-
sure shall conform to ASME Al 12.19.15.
SECTION 422
HEALTH CARE FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT
422.1 Scope. This section shall govern those aspects of health
care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in
other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform
to the requirements of this section in addition to the other
requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall
apply to the special devices and equipment installed and
maintained in the following occupancies: nursing homes,
homes for the aged, orphanages, infirmaries, first aid stations,
psychiatric facilities, clinics, professional offices of dentists
and doctors, mortuaries, educational facilities, surgery, den-
tistry, research and testing laboratories, establishments manu-
facturing pharmaceutical drugs and medicines, and other
structures with similar apparatus and equipment classified as
plumbing.
422.2 Approval. All special plumbing fixtures, equipment,
devices and apparatus shall be of an approved type.
422.3 Protection. All devices, appurtenances, appliances and
apparatus intended to serve some special function, such as
sterilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice
or foods, and that connect to either the water supply or drain-
age system, shall be provided with protection against back-
flow, flooding, fouling, contamination of the water supply
system and stoppage of the drain.
422.4 Materials. Fixtures designed for therapy, special
cleansing or disposal of waste materials, combinations of
such purposes, or any other special purpose, shall be of
smooth, impervious, corrosion-resistant materials and, where
subjected to temperatures in excess of 180°F (82°C), shall be
capable of withstanding, without damage, higher tempera-
tures.
422.5 Access. Access shall be provided to concealed piping in
connection with special fixtures where such piping contains
steam traps, valves, relief valves, check valves, vacuum
breakers or other similar items that require periodic inspec-
tion, servicing, maintenance or repair. Access shall be pro-
vided to concealed piping that requires periodic inspection,
maintenance or repair.
422.6 Clinical sink. A clinical sink shall have an integral trap
in which the upper portion of a visible trap seal provides a
water surface. The fixture shall be designed so as to permit
complete removal of the contents by siphonic or blowout
action and to reseal the trap. A flushing rim shall provide
water to cleanse the interior surface. The fixture shall have
the flushing and cleansing characteristics of a water closet.
422.7 Prohibited usage of clinical sinks and service sinks.
A clinical sink serving a soiled utility room shall not be con-
sidered as a substitute for, or be utilized as, a service sink. A
service sink shall not be utilized for the disposal of urine,
fecal matter or other human waste.
422.8 Ice prohibited in soiled utility room. Machines for
manufacturing ice, or any device for the handling or storage
of ice, shall not be located in a soiled utility room.
422.9 Sterilizer equipment requirements. The approval and
installation of all sterilizers shall conform to the requirements
of the International Mechanical Code.
422.9.1 Sterilizer piping. Access for the purposes of
inspection and maintenance shall be provided to all steril-
izer piping and devices necessary for the operation of ster-
ilizers.
422.9.2 Steam supply. Steam supplies to sterilizers,
including those connected by pipes from overhead mains
or branches, shall be drained to prevent any moisture from
reaching the sterilizer. The condensate drainage from the
steam supply shall be discharged by gravity.
422.9.3 Steam condensate return. Steam condensate
returns from sterilizers shall be a gravity return system.
422.9.4 Condensers. Pressure sterilizers shall be equipped
with a means of condensing and cooling the exhaust steam
vapors. Nonpressure sterilizers shall be equipped with a
device that will automatically control the vapor, confining
the vapors within the vessel.
422.10 Special elevations. Control valves, vacuum outlets
and devices protruding from a wall of an operating, emer-
gency, recovery, examining or delivery room, or in a corridor
or other location where patients are transported on a wheeled
stretcher, shall be located at an elevation that prevents bump-
ing the patient or stretcher against the device.
SECTION 423
SPECIALTY PLUMBING FIXTURES
423.1 Water connections. Baptisteries, ornamental and lily
pools, aquariums, ornamental fountain basins, swimming
pools, and similar constructions, where provided with water
supplies, shall be protected against backflow in accordance
with Section 608.
423.2 Approval. Specialties requiring water and waste con-
nections shall be submitted for approval.
SECTION 424
FAUCETS AND OTHER FIXTURE FITTINGS
424.1 Approval. Faucets and fixture fittings shall conform to
ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Faucets and fixture fittings
that supply drinking water for human ingestion shall conform
to the requirements of NSF 61, Section 9. Flexible water con-
nectors exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to the
requirements of Section 605.6.
424.1.1 Faucets and supply fittings. Faucets and supply
fittings shall conform to the water consumption require-
ments of Section 604.4.
424.1.2 Waste fittings. Waste fittings shall conform to
ASME Al 12.18.2/CSA B 125.2, ASTM F 409 or to one of
the standards listed in Tables 702. 1 and 702.4 for above-
ground drainage and vent pipe and fittings.
424.2 Hand showers. Hand-held showers shall conform to
ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Hand-held showers shall
provide backflow protection in accordance with ASME
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2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
| A 1 12.18.1/ CSA B 125.1 or shall be protected against back-
flow by a device complying with ASME Al 12.18.3.
424.3 Individual shower valves. Individual shower and tub-
shower combination valves shall be balanced-pressure, ther-
mostatic or combination balanced-pressure/thermostatic
valves that conform to the requirements of ASSE 1016 or
ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and shall be installed at the
point of use. Shower and tub-shower combination valves
required by this section shall be equipped with a means to
limit the maximum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°C),
which shall be field adjusted in accordance with the manufac-
turer's instructions. In-line thermostatic valves shall not be
utilized for compliance with this section.
424.4 Multiple (gang) showers. Multiple (gang) showers
supplied with a single-tempered water supply pipe shall have
the water supply for such showers controlled by an approved
automatic temperature control mixing valve that conforms to
| ASSE 1069 or CSA B 125.3, or each shower head shall be
individually controlled by a balanced-pressure, thermostatic
or combination balanced-pressure/thermostatic valve that
■ conforms to ASSE1016 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1
and is installed at the point of use. Such valves shall be
equipped with a means to limit the maximum setting of the
valve to 120°F (49°C), which shall be field adjusted in accor-
dance with the manufacturers' instructions.
424.5 Bathtub and whirlpool bathtub valves. The hot
water supplied to bathtubs and whirlpool bathtubs shall be
limited to a maximum temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a
water-temperature limiting device that conforms to ASSE
1070 or CSA B 125.3, except where such protection is other-
wise provided by a combination tub/shower valve in accor-
dance with Section 424.3.
424.6 Hose-connected outlets. Faucets and fixture fittings
with hose connected outlets shall conform to ASME
| Al 12.18.3 or ASME Al 12.18. 1/CSAB125.1.
424.7 Temperature-actuated, flow reduction valves for
individual fixture fittings. Temperature-actuated, flow
reduction devices, where installed for individual fixture fit-
tings, shall conform to ASSE 1062. Such valves shall not be
used alone as a substitute for the balanced pressure, thermo-
static or combination shower valves required in Section
424.3.
424.8 Transfer valves. Deck-mounted bath/shower transfer
valves containing an integral atmospheric vacuum breaker
shall conform to the requirements of ASME Al 12.18.7.
1424.9 Water closet personal hygiene devices. Personal
hygiene devices integral to water closets or water closet seats
shall conform to the requirements of ASME Al 12.4.2.
system shall be provided with a flushometer valve, flushome-
ter tank or a flush tank designed and installed to supply water
in quantity and rate of flow to flush the contents of the fix-
ture, cleanse the fixture and refill the fixture trap.
425.1.1 Separate for each fixture. A flushing device
shall not serve more than one fixture.
425.2 Flushometer valves and tanks. Flushometer valves
and tanks shall comply with ASSE 1037 or CSA B 125.3. j
Vacuum breakers on flushometer valves shall conform to the
performance requirements of ASSE 1001 or CSA B64.1.1.
Access shall be provided to vacuum breakers. Flushometer
valves shall be of the water conservation type and shall not be
used where the water pressure is lower than the minimum
required for normal operation. When operated, the valve shall
automatically complete the cycle of operation, opening fully
and closing positively under the water supply pressure. Each
flushometer valve shall be provided with a means for regulat-
ing the flow through the valve. The trap seal to the fixture
shall be automatically refilled after each flushing cycle.
425.3 Flush tanks. Flush tanks equipped for manual flushing
shall be controlled by a device designed to refill the tank after
each discharge and to shut off completely the water flow to
the tank when the tank is filled to operational capacity. The
trap seal to the fixture shall be automatically refilled after
each flushing. The water supply to flush tanks equipped for
automatic flushing shall be controlled with a timing device or
sensor control devices.
425.3.1 Fill valves. All flush tanks shall be equipped with
an antisiphon fill valve conforming to ASSE 1002 or CSA
B 125.3. The fill valve backflow preventer shall be located
not less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the full opening of the
overflow pipe.
425.3.2 Overflows in flush tanks. Flush tanks shall be
provided with overflows discharging to the water closet or
urinal connected thereto and shall be sized to prevent
flooding the tank at the maximum rate at which the tanks
are supplied with water according to the manufacturer's
design conditions. The opening of the overflow pipe shall
be located above the flood level rim of the water closet or
urinal or above a secondary overflow in the flush tank.
425.3.3 Sheet copper. Sheet copper utilized for flush tank
linings shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh
less than 10 ounces per square foot (0.03 kg/m 2 ).
425.3.4 Access required. All parts in a flush tank shall be
accessible for repair and replacement.
425.4 Flush pipes and fittings. Flush pipes and fittings shall
be of nonferrous material and shall conform to ASME
A112.19.5/CSAB45.15. |
SECTION 425
FLUSHING DEVICES FOR
WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS
425.1 Flushing devices required. Each water closet, urinal,
clinical sink and any plumbing fixture that depends on trap
siphonage to discharge the fixture contents to the drainage
SECTION 426
MANUAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE
DISPENSING EQUIPMENT
426.1 Approval. Manual food and beverage dispensing
equipment shall conform to the requirements of NSF 18.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 427
FLOOR SINKS
427.1 Approval. Sanitary floor sinks shall conform to the
requirements of ASME Al 12.6.7.
36 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 5
WATER HEATERS
SECTION 501
GENERAL
501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design and installation of water heaters and the
related safety devices and appurtenances.
501.2 Water heater as space heater. Where a combination
potable water heating and space heating system requires
water for space heating at temperatures higher than 140°F
(60°C), a master thermostatic mixing valve complying with
ASSE 1017 shall be provided to limit the water supplied to
the potable hot water distribution system to a temperature of
140°F (60°C) or less. The potability of the water shall be
maintained throughout the system.
501.3 Drain valves. Drain valves for emptying shall be
installed at the bottom of each tank-type water heater and hot
water storage tank. Drain valves shall conform to ASSE
1005.
501.4 Location. Water heaters and storage tanks shall be
located and connected so as to provide access for observa-
tion, maintenance, servicing and replacement.
501.5 Water heater labeling. All water heaters shall be
third-party certified.
501.6 Water temperature control in piping from tankless
heaters. The temperature of water from tankless water heat-
ers shall be not greater than 1 40°F (60°C) where intended for
domestic uses. This provision shall not supersede the require-
ment for protective shower valves in accordance with Section
424.3.
501.7 Pressure marking of storage tanks. Storage tanks and
water heaters installed for domestic hot water shall have the
maximum allowable working pressure clearly and indelibly
stamped in the metal or marked on a plate welded thereto or
otherwise permanently attached. Such markings shall be in an
accessible position outside of the tank so as to make inspec-
tion or reinspection readily possible.
501.8 Temperature controls. Hot water supply systems
shall be equipped with automatic temperature controls capa-
ble of adjustments from the lowest to the highest acceptable
temperature settings for the intended temperature operating
range.
SECTION 502
INSTALLATION
502.1 General. Water heaters shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Oil-fired
water heaters shall conform to the requirements of this code
and the International Mechanical Code. Electric water heat-
ers shall conform to the requirements of this code and provi-
sions of NFPA 70. Gas-fired water heaters shall conform to
the requirements of the International Fuel Gas Code.
502.1.1 Elevation and protection. Elevation of water
heater ignition sources and mechanical damage protection
requirements for water heaters shall be in accordance with
the International Mechanical Code and the International
Fuel Gas Code.
502.2 Rooms used as a plenum. Water heaters using solid,
liquid or gas fuel shall not be installed in a room containing
air-handling machinery where such room is used as a plenum.
502.3 Water heaters installed in attics. Attics containing a
water heater shall be provided with an opening and unob-
structed passageway large enough to allow removal of the
water heater. The passageway shall be not less than 30 inches
(762 mm) in height and 22 inches (559 mm) in width and not
more than 20 feet (6096 mm) in length when measured along
the centerline of the passageway from the opening to the
water heater. The passageway shall have continuous solid
flooring not less than 24 inches (610 mm) in width. A level
service space not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in length and
30 inches (762 mm) in width shall be present at the front or
service side of the water heater. The clear access opening
dimensions shall be not less than 20 inches by 30 inches (508
mm by 762 mm) where such dimensions are large enough to
allow removal of the water heater.
502.4 Seismic supports. Where earthquake loads are appli-
cable in accordance with the International Building Code,
water heater supports shall be designed and installed for the
seismic forces in accordance with the International Building
Code.
502.5 Clearances for maintenance and replacement.
Appliances shall be provided with access for inspection, ser-
vice, repair and replacement without disabling the function of
a fire-resistance-rated assembly or removing permanent con-
struction, other appliances or any other piping or ducts not
connected to the appliance being inspected, serviced, repaired
or replaced. A level working space not less than 30 inches in
length and 30 inches in width (762 mm by 762 mm) shall be
provided in front of the control side to service an appliance.
SECTION 503
CONNECTIONS
503.1 Cold water line valve. The cold water branch line
from the main water supply line to each hot water storage
tank or water heater shall be provided with a valve, located
near the equipment and serving only the hot water storage
tank or water heater. The valve shall not interfere or cause a
disruption of the cold water supply to the remainder of the
cold water system. The valve shall be provided with access
on the same floor level as the water heater served.
503.2 Water circulation. The method of connecting a circu-
lating water heater to the tank shall provide proper circulation
of water through the water heater. The pipe or tubes required
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
37
WATER HEATERS
for the installation of appliances that will draw from the water
heater or storage tank shall comply with the provisions of this
code for material and installation.
SECTION 504
SAFETY DEVICES
504.1 Antisiphon devices. An approved means, such as a
cold water "dip" tube with a hole at the top or a vacuum relief
valve installed in the cold water supply line above the top of
the heater or tank, shall be provided to prevent siphoning of
any storage water heater or tank.
504.2 Vacuum relief valve. Bottom fed water heaters and
bottom fed tanks connected to water heaters shall have a vac-
uum relief valve installed. The vacuum relief valve shall
comply with ANSI Z2 1.22.
504.3 Shutdown. A means for disconnecting an electric hot
water supply system from its energy supply shall be provided
in accordance with NFPA 70. A separate valve shall be pro-
vided to shut off the energy fuel supply to all other types of
hot water supply systems.
504.4 Relief valve. Storage water heaters operating above
atmospheric pressure shall be provided with an approved,
self-closing (levered) pressure relief valve and temperature
relief valve or combination thereof. The relief valve shall
conform to ANSI Z21.22. The relief valve shall not be used
as a means of controlling thermal expansion.
504.4.1 Installation. Such valves shall be installed in the
shell of the water heater tank. Temperature relief valves
shall be so located in the tank as to be actuated by the
water in the top 6 inches (152 mm) of the tank served. For
installations with separate storage tanks, the approved,
self-closing (levered) pressure relief valve and tempera-
ture relief valve or combination thereof conforming to
ANSI Z21 .22 valves shall be installed on both the storage
water heater and storage tank. There shall not be a check
valve or shutoff valve between a relief valve and the heater
or tank served.
504.5 Relief valve approval. Temperature and pressure
relief valves, or combinations thereof, and energy cutoff
devices shall bear the label of an approved agency and shall
have a temperature setting of not more than 21 0°F (99°C) and
a pressure setting not exceeding the tank or water heater man-
ufacturer' s rated working pressure or 150 psi (1035 kPa),
whichever is less. The relieving capacity of each pressure
relief valve and each temperature relief valve shall equal or
exceed the heat input to the water heater or storage tank.
504.6 Requirements for discharge piping. The discharge
piping serving a pressure relief valve, temperature relief
valve or combination thereof shall:
1 . Not be directly connected to the drainage system.
2. Discharge through an air gap located in the same
room as the water heater.
3. Not be smaller than the diameter of the outlet of the
valve served and shall discharge full size to the air
gap.
4 Serve a single relief device and shall not connect to
piping serving any other relief device or equipment.
5. Discharge to the floor, to the pan serving the water
heater or storage tank, to a waste receptor or to the
outdoors.
6. Discharge in a manner that does not cause personal
injury or structural damage.
7. Discharge to a termination point that is readily
observable by the building occupants.
8. Not be trapped.
9. Be installed so as to flow by gravity.
10. Not terminate more than 6 inches (152 mm) above the
floor or waste receptor.
1 1 . Not have a threaded connection at the end of such pip-
ing.
12. Not have valves or tee fittings.
13. Be constructed of those materials listed in Section
605.4 or materials tested, rated and approved for such
use in accordance with ASME Al 12.4.1.
504.7 Required pan. Where a storage tank-type water heater
or a hot water storage tank is installed in a location where
water leakage from the tank will cause damage, the tank shall
be installed in a galvanized steel pan having a material thick-
ness of not less than 0.0236 inch (0.6010mm) (No. 24 gage),
or other pans approved for such use.
504.7.1 Pan size and drain. The pan shall be not less than
1 7 2 inches (38 mm) in depth and shall be of sufficient size
and shape to receive all dripping or condensate from the
tank or water heater. The pan shall be drained by an indi-
rect waste pipe having a diameter of not less than 3 / 4 inch
(19 mm). Piping for safety pan drains shall be of those
materials listed in Table 605.4.
504.7.2 Pan drain termination. The pan drain shall
extend full-size and terminate over a suitably located indi-
rect waste receptor or floor drain or extend to the exterior
of the building and terminate not less than 6 inches (152
mm) and not more than 24 inches (610 mm) above the
adjacent ground surface.
SECTION 505
INSULATION
[E] 505.1 Unfired vessel insulation. Unfired hot water stor-
age tanks shall be insulated to R-12.5 (h • ft 2 • °F)/Btu (R-2 2
m 2 • K/W).
38
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 6
WATER SUPPLY AMD DISTRIBUTION
SECTION 601
GENERAL
601.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the materials, design
and installation of water supply systems, both hot and cold,
for utilization in connection with human occupancy and habi-
tation and shall govern the installation of individual water
supply systems.
601.2 Solar energy utilization. Solar energy systems used
for heating potable water or using an independent medium for
heating potable water shall comply with the applicable
requirements of this code. The use of solar energy shall not
compromise the requirements for cross connection or protec-
tion of the potable water supply system required by this code.
601.3 Existing piping used for grounding. Existing metallic
water service piping used for electrical grounding shall not be
replaced with nonmetallic pipe or tubing until other approved
means of grounding is provided.
601.4 Tests. The potable water distribution system shall be
tested in accordance with Section 312.5.
SECTION 602
WATER REQUIRED
602.1 General. Structures equipped with plumbing fixtures
and utilized for human occupancy or habitation shall be pro-
vided with a potable supply of water in the amounts and at the
pressures specified in this chapter.
602.2 Potable water required. Only potable water shall be
supplied to plumbing fixtures that provide water for drinking,
bathing or culinary purposes, or for the processing of food,
medical or pharmaceutical products. Unless otherwise pro-
vided in this code, potable water shall be supplied to all
plumbing fixtures.
602.3 Individual water supply. Where a potable public
water supply is not available, individual sources of potable
water supply shall be utilized.
602.3.1 Sources. Dependent on geological and soil condi-
tions and the amount of rainfall, individual water supplies
are of the following types: drilled well, driven well, dug
well, bored well, spring, stream or cistern. Surface bodies
of water and land cisterns shall not be sources of individ-
ual water supply unless properly treated by approved
means to prevent contamination.
602.3.2 Minimum quantity. The combined capacity of
the source and storage in an individual water supply sys-
tem shall supply the fixtures with water at rates and pres-
sures as required by this chapter.
602.3.3 Water quality. Water from an individual water
supply shall be approved as potable by the authority hav-
ing jurisdiction prior to connection to the plumbing sys-
tem.
602.3.4 Disinfection of system. After construction or
major repair, the individual water supply system shall be
purged of deleterious matter and disinfected in accordance
with Section 610.
602.3.5 Pumps. Pumps shall be rated for the transport of
potable water. Pumps in an individual water supply system
shall be constructed and installed so as to prevent contam-
ination from entering a potable water supply through the
pump units. Pumps shall be sealed to the well casing or
covered with a water-tight seal. Pumps shall be designed
to maintain a prime and installed such that ready access is
provided to the pump parts of the entire assembly for
repairs.
602.3.5.1 Pump enclosure. The pump room or enclo-
sure around a well pump shall be drained and protected
from freezing by heating or other approved means.
Where pumps are installed in basements, such pumps
shall be mounted on a block or shelf not less than 1 8
inches (457 mm) above the basement floor. Well pits
shall be prohibited.
SECTION 603
WATER SERVICE
603.1 Size of water service pipe. The water service pipe
shall be sized to supply water to the structure in the quantities
and at the pressures required in this code. The water service
pipe shall be not less than 3 / 4 inch (19. 1 mm) in diameter.
603.2 Separation of water service and building sewer.
Water service pipe and the building sewer shall be separated
by not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) of undisturbed or com-
pacted earth.
Exceptions:
1. The required separation distance shall not apply
where the bottom of the water service pipe within 5
feet (1524 mm) of the sewer is not less than 12
inches (305 mm) above the top of the highest point
of the sewer and the pipe materials conform to Table
702.3.
2. Water service pipe is permitted to be located in the
same trench with a building sewer, provided such
sewer is constructed of materials listed in Table
702.2.
3. The required separation distance shall not apply
where a water service pipe crosses a sewer pipe, pro-
vided the water service pipe is sleeved to a point not
less than 5 feet (1524 mm) horizontally from the
sewer pipe centerline on both sides of such crossing
with pipe materials listed in Table 605.3, 702.2 or
702.3.
603.2.1 Water service near sources of pollution. Potable
water service pipes shall not be located in, under or above
cesspools, septic tanks, septic tank drainage fields or seep-
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WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
age pits (see Section 605.1 for soil and groundwater condi-
tions).
SECTION 604
DESIGN OF BUILDING WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
604.1 General. The design of the water distribution system
shall conform to accepted engineering practice. Methods uti-
lized to determine pipe sizes shall be approved.
604.2 System interconnection. At the points of interconnec-
tion between the hot and cold water supply piping systems
and the individual fixtures, appliances or devices, provisions
shall be made to prevent flow between such piping systems.
604.3 Water distribution system design criteria. The water
distribution system shall be designed, and pipe sizes shall be
selected such that under conditions of peak demand, the
capacities at the fixture supply pipe outlets shall not be less
than shown in Table 604.3. The minimum flow rate and flow
pressure provided to fixtures and appliances not listed in
Table 604.3 shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions.
TABLE 604.3
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA REQUIRED
CAPACITY AT FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE OUTLETS
FIXTURE SUPPLY
OUTLET SERVING
FLOW
RATE a
(9pm)
FLOW
PRESSURE
(psi)
Bathtub, balanced-pressure, thermo-
static or combination balanced-pres-
sure/thermo-static mixing valve
4
20
Bidet, thermostatic mixing valve
2
20
Combination fixture
4
8
Dishwasher, residential
2.75
8
Drinking fountain
0.75
8
Laundry tray
4
8
Lavatory
2
8
Shower
3
8
Shower, balanced-pressure, thermo-
static or combination balanced-pres-
sure/thermo-static mixing valve
3
20
Sillcock, hose bibb
5
8
Sink, residential
2.5
8
Sink, service
3
8
Urinal, valve
12
25
1
Water closet, blow out, flushometer
valve
25
45
Water closet, flushometer tank
1.6
20
1
Water closet, siphonic, flushometer
valve
25
35
Water closet, tank, close coupled
3
20
Water closet, tank, one piece
6
20
604.4 Maximum flow and water consumption. The maxi-
mum water consumption flow rates and quantities for all
plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings shall be in accordance
with Table 604.4.
Exceptions:
1. Blowout design water closets having a water con-
sumption not greater than 3'/ 2 gallons (13 L) per
flushing cycle.
2. Vegetable sprays.
3. Clinical sinks having a water consumption not
greater than 4'/ 2 gallons (17 L) per flushing cycle.
4. Service sinks.
5. Emergency showers.
TABLE 604.4
MAXIMUM FLOW RATES AND CONSUMPTION FOR
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
PLUMBING FIXTURE
OR FIXTURE FITTING
MAXIMUM FLOW RATE
OR QUANTITY"
Lavatory, private
2.2 gpm at 60 psi
Lavatory, public (metering)
0.25 gallon per metering cycle
Lavatory, public
(other than metering)
0.5 gpm at 60 psi
Shower head"
2.5 gpm at 80 psi
Sink faucet
2.2 gpm at 60 psi
Urinal
1 .0 gallon per flushing cycle
Water closet
1 .6 gallons per flushing cycle
For SI: 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa,
1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
a. For additional requirements for flow rates and quantities, see Section
604.4.
For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
a. A hand-held shower spray is a shower head.
b. Consumption tolerances shall be determined from referenced standards.
604.5 Size of fixture supply. The minimum size of a fixture
supply pipe shall be as shown in Table 604.5. The fixture
supply pipe shall terminate not more than 30 inches (762
mm) from the point of connection to the fixture. A reduced-
size flexible water connector installed between the supply
pipe and the fixture shall be of an approved type. The supply
pipe shall extend to the floor or wall adjacent to the fixture.
The minimum size of individual distribution lines utilized in
gridded or parallel water distribution systems shall be as
shown in Table 604.5.
604.6 Variable street pressures. Where street water main
pressures fluctuate, the building water distribution system
shall be designed for the minimum pressure available.
604.7 Inadequate water pressure. Wherever water pressure
from the street main or other source of supply is insufficient
to provide flow pressures at fixture outlets as required under
Table 604.3, a water pressure booster system conforming to
Section 606.5 shall be installed on the building water supply
system.
604.8 Water pressure reducing valve or regulator. Where
water pressure within a building exceeds 80 psi (552 kPa)
static, an approved water-pressure reducing valve conform-
ing to ASSE 1003 or CSA B356 with strainer shall be
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WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
TABLE 604.5
MINIMUM SIZES OF FIXTURE WATER SUPPLY PIPES
FIXTURE
MINIMUM PIPE SIZE
(inch)
Bathtubs 8 (60" x 32" and smaller)
\
Bathtubs 3 (larger than 60" x 32")
%
Bidet
%
Combination sink and tray
%
Dishwasher, domestic"
%
Drinking fountain
%
Hose bibbs
%
Kitchen sink"
''2
Laundry, 1 , 2 or 3 compartments 3
%
Lavatory
%
Shower, single head' 1
%
Sinks, flushing rim
%
Sinks, service
%
Urinal, flush tank
%
Urinal, flushometer valve
%
Wall hydrant
%
Water closet, flush tank
%
Water closet, flushometer valve
1
Water closet, flushometer tank
3/ *
Water closet, one piece"
%
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm,
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
a. Where the developed length of the distribution line is 60 feet or less, and
the available pressure at the meter is 35 psi or greater, the minimum size of
an individual distribution line supplied from a manifold and installed as
part of a parallel water distribution system shall be one nominal tube size
smaller than the sizes indicated.
installed to reduce the pressure in the building water distribu-
tion piping to not greater than 80 psi (552 kPa) static.
Exception: Service lines to sill cocks and outside hydrants,
and main supply risers where pressure from the mains is
reduced to 80 psi (552 kPa) or less at individual fixtures.
604.8.1 Valve design. The pressure-reducing valve shall
be designed to remain open to permit uninterrupted water
flow in case of valve failure.
604.8.2 Repair and removal. Water-pressure reducing
valves, regulators and strainers shall be so constructed and
installed as to permit repair or removal of parts without
breaking a pipeline or removing the valve and strainer
from the pipeline.
604.9 Water hammer. The flow velocity of the water distri-
bution system shall be controlled to reduce the possibility of
water hammer. A water-hammer arrestor shall be installed
where quick-closing valves are utilized. Water-hammer arres-
tors shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. Water-hammer arrestors shall conform to ASSE
1010.
604.10 Gridded and parallel water distribution system
manifolds. Hot water and cold water manifolds installed with
gridded or parallel connected individual distribution lines to
each fixture or fixture fitting shall be designed in accordance
with Sections 604.10.1 through 604.10.3.
604.10.1 Manifold sizing. Hot water and cold water man-
ifolds shall be sized in accordance with Table 604.10.1.
The total gallons per minute is the demand of all outlets
supplied.
TABLE 604.10.1
MANIFOLD SIZING
NOMINAL SIZE
INTERNAL DIAMETER
(inches)
MAXIMUM DEMAND (gpm)
Velocity at 4 feet
per second
Velocity at 8 feet
per second
\
2
5
%
6
11
1
10
20
1V 4
15
31
1'A
22
44
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,
1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
604.10.2 Valves. Individual fixture shutoff valves
installed at the manifold shall be identified as to the fixture
being supplied.
604.10.3 Access. Access shall be provided to manifolds
with integral factory- or field-installed valves.
604.11 Individual pressure balancing in-line valves for
individual fixture fittings. Where individual pressure bal-
ancing in-line valves for individual fixture fittings are
installed, such valves shall comply with ASSE 1066. Such
valves shall be installed in an accessible location and shall
not be utilized alone as a substitute for the balanced pressure,
thermostatic or combination shower valves required in Sec-
tion 424.3.
SECTION 605
MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
605.1 Soil and ground water. The installation of a water ser-
vice or water distribution pipe shall be prohibited in soil and
ground water contaminated with solvents, fuels, organic com-
pounds or other detrimental materials causing permeation,
corrosion, degradation or structural failure of the piping
material. Where detrimental conditions are suspected, a
chemical analysis of the soil and ground water conditions
shall be required to ascertain the acceptability of the water
service or water distribution piping material for the specific
installation. Where detrimental conditions exist, approved
alternative materials or routing shall be required.
605.2 Lead content of water supply pipe and fittings. Pipe
and pipe fittings, including valves and faucets, utilized in the
water supply system shall have a maximum of 8-percent lead
content.
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605.3 Water service pipe. Water service pipe shall conform
to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in
Table 605.3. Water service pipe or tubing, installed under-
ground and outside of the structure, shall have a working
pressure rating of not less than 160 psi (1100 kPa) at 73.4°F
(23°C). Where the water pressure exceeds 160 psi (1 100 kPa),
piping material shall have a working pressure rating not less
than the highest available pressure. Water service piping
materials not third-party certified for water distribution shall
terminate at or before the full open valve located at the
entrance to the structure. All ductile iron water service piping
shall be cement mortar lined in accordance with AWWA
CI 04.
605.3.1 Dual check-valve-type backflow preventer.
Dual check-valve backflow preventers installed on the
water supply system shall comply with ASSE 1024 or
CSAB64.6.
605.4 Water distribution pipe. Water distribution pipe shall
conform to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards
listed in Table 605.4. Hot water distribution pipe and tubing
shall have a pressure rating of not less than 100 psi (690 kPa)
atl80°F(82°C).
605.5 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
with the piping material installed and shall comply with the
applicable standards listed in Table 605.5. Pipe fittings uti-
lized in water supply systems shall also comply with NSF 61.
Ductile and gray iron pipe fittings shall be cement mortar
lined in accordance with AWWA C104.
605.5.1 Mechanically formed tee fittings. Mechanically
extracted outlets shall have a height not less than three
times the thickness of the branch tube wall.
605.5.1.1 Full flow assurance. Branch tubes shall not
restrict the flow in the run tube. A dimple/depth stop
shall be formed in the branch tube to ensure that pene-
tration into the collar is of the correct depth. For inspec-
tion purposes, a second dimple shall be placed V 4 inch
(6.4 mm) above the first dimple. Dimples shall be
aligned with the tube run.
605.5.1.2 Brazed joints. Mechanically formed tee fit-
tings shall be brazed in accordance with Section
605.14.1.
605.6 Flexible water connectors. Flexible water connectors
exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to ASME
A112.18.6/CSA B125.6. Access shall be provided to all flexi- j
ble water connectors.
605.7 Valves. All valves shall be of an approved type and
compatible with the type of piping material installed in the
system. Ball valves, gate valves, globe valves and plug valves
intended to supply drinking water shall meet the requirements
of NSF 61.
605.8 Manufactured pipe nipples. Manufactured pipe nip-
ples shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table
605.8.
TABLE 605.3
WATER SERVICE PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe
ASTM D 1527; ASTM D 2282
Asbestos-cement pipe
ASTM C 296
Brass pipe
ASTM B 43
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F 442; CSA B137.6
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 447
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic pipe and tubing
ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877; AWWA C904; CSA B 137.5
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX) pipe
ASTM F 1281 ; ASTM F 2262; CSA B137.10M
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene
(PEX-AL-HDPE)
ASTM F 1986
Ductile iron water pipe
AWWA C151/A21.51; AWWA CI 15/A21.15
Galvanized steel pipe
ASTM A 53
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2239; ASTM D 3035; AWWA C901 ; CSA Bl 37. 1
Polyethylene (PE) plastic tubing
ASTM D 2737; AWWA C901; CSA B 137.1
Polyethylene/aluminum/polethylene (PE-AL-PE) pipe
ASTMF 1282; CSA B137.9
Polyethylene of raised temperature (PERT) plastic tubing
ASTM F 2769
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing
ASTMF 2389; CSA B137.ll
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe
ASTM D 1785; ASTM D 2241 ; ASTM D 2672; CSA Bl 37.3
Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L)
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/316L)
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
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TABLE 605.4
WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Brass pipe
ASTM B 43
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe and tubing
ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F 442; CSA B137.6
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251 ; ASTM B 447
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing
ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877; CSA B 137.5
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX) pipe
ASTM F 1281; ASTM F 2262; CSA Bl 37.10M
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene
(PEX-AL-HDPE)
ASTM F 1986
Ductile iron pipe
AWWAC151/A21.51;AWWACU5/A21.15
Galvanized steel pipe
ASTM A 53
Polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) composite pipe
ASTM F 1282 ]
Polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) plastic tubing
ASTM F 2769
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing
ASTM F 2389; CSAB137.il
Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L)
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/31 6L)
ASTM A 3 12; ASTM A 778
TABLE 605.5
PIPE FITTINGS
MATERIAL
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic
Cast-iron
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic
Copper or copper alloy
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene
(PEX-AL-HDPE)
Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing
Fittings for polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) plastic tubing
Gray iron and ductile iron
STANDARD
ASTM D 2468
ASMEB16.4; ASMEB16.12
ASSE 1061; ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 437; ASTM F 438;
ASTM F 439; CSA B 137.6
ASSE 1061; ASME B16.15; ASME B16.U
ASME B16.23; ASME B16.26; ASME B16.29
ASME B 16.22;
ASTM F 1986
ASSE 1061, ASTM F 877; ASTM F 1807; ASTM F 1960; ASTM F
2080; ASTM F 2098, ASTM F 2159; ASTM F 2434; ASTM F
2735; CSA B 137.5
ASTM F 1807; ASTM F 2098; ASTM F 2159; ASTM F 2735
Insert fittings for polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) and
cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX)
Malleable iron
Metal (brass) insert fittings for
polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) and cross-linked
polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX)
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic
Stainless steel (Type 304/304L)
Stainless steel (Type 3 16/31 6L)
Steel
AWWAC110/A21.10;AWWAC153/A21.53
ASTM F 1974; ASTM F 1281; ASTM F 1282; CSA B137.9;
CSAB137.10M
ASME B 16.3
ASTM F 1974
ASTM D 2609; ASTM D 2683; ASTM D 3261 ;
ASTM F 1055; CSA B 137.1
ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.il
ASTM D 2464; ASTM D 2466; ASTM D 2467; CSA B 137.2;
CSA B 137.3
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
ASME B 16.9; ASMEB16.il; ASME Bl 6.28
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WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
TABLE 605.8
MANUFACTURED PIPE NIPPLES
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Brass-, copper-, chromium-plated
ASTM B 687
Steel
ASTM A 733
605.9 Prohibited joints and connections. The following
types of joints and connections shall be prohibited:
1 . Cement or concrete joints.
2. Joints made with fittings not approved for the specific
installation.
3. Solvent-cement joints between different types of plastic
pipe.
4. Saddle-type fittings.
605.10 ABS plastic. Joints between ABS plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 605.10.1 through 605.10.3.
605.10.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on water
pipes shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming
to ASTM D 3139. Mechanical joints shall only be
installed in underground systems, unless otherwise
approved. Joints shall be installed only in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.
605.10.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to
ASTM D 2235 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The
joint shall be made while the cement is wet. Joints shall be
made in accordance with ASTM D 2235. Solvent-cement
joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
605.10.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
605.11 Asbestos-cement. Joints between asbestos-cement
pipe or fittings shall be made with a sleeve coupling of the
same composition as the pipe, sealed with an elastomeric ring
conforming to ASTM D 1 869.
605.12 Brass. Joints between brass pipe and fittings shall
comply with Sections 605.12.1 through 605.12.4.
605.12.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be
cleaned. An approved flux shall be applied where
required. The joint shall be brazed with a filler metal con-
forming to AWS A5. 8.
605.12.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.12.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
605.12.4 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be
cleaned. The joint shall be welded with an approved filler
metal.
605.13 Gray iron and ductile iron joints. Joints for gray
and ductile iron pipe and fittings shall comply with AWWA
CI 1 1 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer's instructions.
605.14 Copper pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy
pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections 605.14.1 through
605.14.5.
605.14.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be
cleaned. An approved flux shall be applied where
required. The joint shall be brazed with a filler metal con-
forming to AWS A5.8.
605.14.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.14.3 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in
accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. Cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming to
ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered
with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32. The joining of
water supply piping shall be made with lead-free solder
and fluxes. "Lead free" shall mean a chemical composi-
tion equal to or less than 0.2-percent lead.
605.14.4 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
605.14.5 Welded joints. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
605.15 Copper tubing. Joints between copper or copper-
alloy tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections 605.15.1
through 605.15.4.
605.15.1 Brazed joints. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The
joint shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to
AWS A5.8.
605.15.2 Flared joints. Flared joints for water pipe shall
be made by a tool designed for that operation.
605.15.3 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.15.4 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in
accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be sol-
dered with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32. The join-
ing of water supply piping shall be made with lead-free
solders and fluxes. "Lead free" shall mean a chemical
composition equal to or less than 0.2-percent lead.
605.16 CPVC plastic. Joints between CPVC plastic pipe or
fittings shall comply with Sections 605.16.1 through
605.16.3.
605.16.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.16.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture, and an approved primer shall be
44
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WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
applied. Solvent cement, orange in color and conforming
to ASTM F 493, shall be applied to joint surfaces. The
joint shall be made while the cement is wet, and in accor-
dance with ASTM D 2846 or ASTM F 493. Solvent-
cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
Exception: A primer is not required where all of the
following conditions apply:
1. The solvent cement used is third-party certified
as conforming to ASTM F 493.
2. The solvent cement used is yellow in color.
3. The solvent cement is used only for joining '/ 2
inch (12.7 mm) through 2 inch (51 mm) diameter
CPVC pipe and fittings.
4. The CPVC pipe and fittings are manufactured in
accordance with ASTM D 2846.
605.16.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe, but the pressure rating of the pipe shall be
reduced by 50 percent. Thread by socket molded fittings
shall be permitted. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall
be applied on the male threads only.
605.17 Cross-linked polyethylene plastic. Joints between
cross-linked polyethylene plastic tubing or fittings shall com-
ply with Sections 605.17.1 and 605.17.2.
605.17.1 Flared joints. Flared pipe ends shall be made by
a tool designed for that operation.
605.17.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions. Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic
tubing shall comply with the applicable standards listed in
Table 605.5 and shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. PEX tubing shall be factory
marked with the appropriate standards for the fittings that
the PEX manufacturer specifies for use with the tubing.
605.18 Steel. Joints between galvanized steel pipe or fittings
shall comply with Sections 605.18.1 and 605.18.2.
605.18.1 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
605.18.2 Mechanical joints. Joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.19 Polyethylene plastic. Joints between polyethylene
plastic pipe and tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections
605.19.1 through 605.19.4.
605.19.1 Flared joints. Flared joints shall be permitted
where so indicated by the pipe manufacturer. Flared joints
shall be made by a tool designed for that operation.
605.19.2 Heat-fusion joints. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be heated
to melt temperature and joined. The joint shall be undis-
turbed until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with
ASTM D 2657.
605.19.3 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.19.4 Installation. Polyethylene pipe shall be cut
square, with a cutter designed for plastic pipe. Except
where joined by heat fusion, pipe ends shall be chamfered
to remove shaip edges. Kinked pipe shall not be installed.
The minimum pipe bending radius shall not be less than
30 pipe diameters, or the minimum coil radius, whichever
is greater. Piping shall not be bent beyond straightening of
the curvature of the coil. Bends shall not be permitted
within 10 pipe diameters of any fitting or valve. Stiffener
inserts installed with compression-type couplings and fit-
tings shall not extend beyond the clamp or nut of the cou-
pling or fitting.
605.20 Polypropylene (PP) plastic. Joints between PP plas-
tic pipe and fittings shall comply with Section 605.20.1 or
605.20.2.
605.20.1 Heat-fusion joints. Heat-fusion joints for poly-
propylene pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with
socket-type heat-fused polypropylene fittings, butt-fusion
polypropylene fittings or electrofusion polypropylene fit-
tings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture.
The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be
made in accordance with ASTM F 2389.
605.20.2 Mechanical and compression sleeve joints.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.21 Polyethylene/aluminum/polyethylene (PE-AL-PE)
and cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked
polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX). Joints between PE-AL-PE
and PEX-AL-PEX pipe and fittings shall comply with Sec-
tion 605.21.1.
605.21.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions. Fittings for PE-AL-PE and PEX-AL-PEX as
described in ASTM F 1974, ASTM F 1281, ASTM F
1282, CSA B137.9 and CSA B137.10M shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
605.22 PVC plastic. Joints between PVC plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 605.22.1 through 605.22.3.
605.22.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on water
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM D 3139. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in
above-ground systems unless otherwise approved. Joints
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
605.22.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to
ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple
in color and conforming to ASTM D 2564 or CSA B 137.3
shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be
made while the cement is wet and shall be in accordance
with ASTM D 2855. Solvent-cement joints shall be per-
mitted above or below ground.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
45
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
605.22.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe, but the pressure rating of the pipe shall be
reduced by 50 percent. Thread by socket molded fittings
shall be permitted. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall
be applied on the male threads only.
605.23 Stainless steel. Joints between stainless steel pipe and
fittings shall comply with Sections 605.23.1 and 605.23.2.
605.23.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.23.2 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be
cleaned. The joint shall be welded autogenously or with an
approved filler metal as referenced in ASTM A 312.
605.24 Joints between different materials. Joints between
different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical
joint of the compression or mechanical-sealing type, or as
permitted in Sections 605.24.1, 605.24.2 and 605.24.3. Con-
nectors or adapters shall have an elastomeric seal conforming
to ASTM D 1 869 or ASTM F 477. Joints shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
605.24.1 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to galvanized
steel pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a brass fitting
or dielectric fitting or a dielectric union conforming to
ASSE 1079. The copper tubing shall be soldered to the fit-
ting in an approved manner, and the fitting shall be
screwed to the threaded pipe.
605.24.2 Plastic pipe or tubing to other piping material.
Joints between different grades of plastic pipe or between
plastic pipe and other piping material shall be made with
an approved adapter fitting.
605.24.3 Stainless steel. Joints between stainless steel and
different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical
joint of the compression or mechanical sealing type or a
dielectric fitting or a dielectric union conforming to ASSE
1079.
605.25 Polyethylene of raised temperature plastic. Joints
between polyethylene of raised temperature plastic tubing
and fittings shall be in accordance with Sections 605.25. 1 and
605.25.2.
605.25.1 Flared joints. Flared pipe ends shall be made by
a tool designed for that operation.
605.25.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions. Fittings for polyethylene of raised temperature plas-
tic tubing shall comply with the applicable standards listed
in Table 605.5 and shall be installed in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions. Polyethylene of raised
temperature plastic tubing shall be factory marked with the
applicable standards for the fittings that the manufacturer
of the tubing specifies for use with the tubing.
SECTION 606
INSTALLATION OF THE BUILDING WATER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
606.1 Location of full-open valves. Full-open valves shall
be installed in the following locations:
1. On the building water service pipe from the public
water supply near the curb.
2. On the water distribution supply pipe at the entrance
into the structure.
3. On the discharge side of every water meter.
4. On the base of every water riser pipe in occupancies
other than multiple-family residential occupancies that
are two stories or less in height and in one- and two-
family residential occupancies.
5. On the top of every water down-feed pipe in occupan-
cies other than one- and two-family residential occu-
pancies.
6. On the entrance to every water supply pipe to a dwell-
ing unit, except where supplying a single fixture
equipped with individual stops.
7. On the water supply pipe to a gravity or pressurized
water tank.
8. On the water supply pipe to every water heater.
606.2 Location of shutoff valves. Shutoff valves shall be
installed in the following locations:
1. On the fixture supply to each plumbing fixture other
than bathtubs and showers in one- and two-family resi-
dential occupancies, and other than in individual sleep-
ing units that are provided with unit shutoff valves in
hotels, motels, boarding houses and similar occupan-
cies.
2. On the water supply pipe to each sillcock.
3. On the water supply pipe to each appliance or mechani-
cal equipment.
606.3 Access to valves. Access shall be provided to all full-
open valves and shutoff valves.
606.4 Valve identification. Service and hose bibb valves
shall be identified. All other valves installed in locations that
are not adjacent to the fixture or appliance shall be identified,
indicating the fixture or appliance served.
606.5 Water pressure booster systems. Water pressure
booster systems shall be provided as required by Sections
606.5.1 through 606.5. 10.
606.5.1 Water pressure booster systems required.
Where the water pressure in the public water main or indi-
vidual water supply system is insufficient to supply the
minimum pressures and quantities specified in this code,
the supply shall be supplemented by an elevated water
tank, a hydropneumatic pressure booster system or a water
pressure booster pump installed in accordance with Sec-
tion 606.5.5.
606.5.2 Support. All water supply tanks shall be sup-
ported in accordance with the International Building
Code.
46
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
606.5.3 Covers. All water supply tanks shall be covered to
keep out unauthorized persons, dirt and vermin. The cov-
ers of gravity tanks shall be vented with a return bend vent
pipe with an area not less than the area of the down-feed
riser pipe, and the vent shall be screened with a corrosion-
resistant screen of not less than 16 by 20 mesh per inch
(630 by 787 mesh per m).
606.5.4 Overflows for water supply tanks. A gravity or
suction water supply tank shall be provided with an over-
flow with a diameter not less than that shown in Table
606.5.4. The overflow outlet shall discharge at a point not
less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the roof or roof drain;
floor or floor drain; or over an open water-supplied fix-
ture. The overflow outlet shall be covered with a corro-
sion-resistant screen of not less than 16 by 20 mesh per
inch (630 by 787 mesh per m) and by V 4 -inch (6.4 mm)
hardware cloth or shall terminate in a horizontal angle seat
check valve. Drainage from overflow pipes shall be
directed so as not to freeze on roof walks.
TABLE 606.5.4
SIZES FOR OVERFLOW PIPES FOR WATER SUPPLY TANKS
TABLE 606.5.7
SIZE OF DRAIN PIPES FOR WATER TANKS
MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF WATER
SUPPLY LINE TO TANK (gpm)
DIAMETER OF OVERFLOW PIPE
(inches)
0-50
2
50-150
2V 2
150-200
3
200-400
4
400 - 700
5
700-1,000
6
Over 1,000
8
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
606.5.5 Low-pressure cutoff required on booster
pumps. A low-pressure cutoff shall be installed on all
booster pumps in a water pressure booster system to pre-
vent creation of a vacuum or negative pressure on the suc-
tion side of the pump when a positive pressure of 10 psi
(68.94 kPa) or less occurs on the suction side of the pump.
606.5.6 Potable water inlet control and location. Pota-
ble water inlets to gravity tanks shall be controlled by a fill
valve or other automatic supply valve installed so as to
prevent the tank from overflowing. The inlet shall be ter-
minated so as to provide an air gap not less than 4 inches
(102 mm) above the overflow.
606.5.7 Tank drain pipes. A valved pipe shall be pro-
vided at the lowest point of each tank to permit emptying
of the tank. The tank drain pipe shall discharge as required
for overflow pipes and shall not be smaller in size than
specified in Table 606.5.7.
TANK CAPACITY (gallons)
DRAIN PIPE (inches)
Up to 750
1
751 to 1,500
l'/ 2
1,501 to 3,000
2
3,001 to 5,000
2V 2
5,000 to 7,500
3
Over 7,500
4
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, I gallon = 3.785 L.
606.5.8 Prohibited location of potable supply tanks.
Potable water gravity tanks or manholes of potable water
pressure tanks shall not be located directly under any soil
or waste piping or any source of contamination.
606.5.9 Pressure tanks, vacuum relief. All water pres-
sure tanks shall be provided with a vacuum relief valve at
the top of the tank that will operate up to a maximum
water pressure of 200 psi (1380 kPa) and up to a maxi-
mum temperature of 200°F (93°C). The size of such vac-
uum relief valve shall be not less than 7 2 inch (12.7 mm).
Exception: This section shall not apply to pressurized
captive air diaphragm/bladder tanks.
606.5.10 Pressure relief for tanks. Every pressure tank in
a hydropneumatic pressure booster system shall be pro-
tected with a pressure relief valve. The pressure relief
valve shall be set at a maximum pressure equal to the rat-
ing of the tank. The relief valve shall be installed on the
supply pipe to the tank or on the tank. The relief valve
shall discharge by gravity to a safe place of disposal.
606.6 Water supply system test. Upon completion of a sec-
tion of or the entire water supply system, the system, or por-
tion completed, shall be tested in accordance with Section
312.
606.7 Labeling of water distribution pipes in bundles.
Where water distribution piping is bundled at installation,
each pipe in the bundle shall be indentified using stenciling or
commercially available pipe labels. The identification shall
indicate the pipe contents and the direction of flow in the
pipe. The interval of the identification markings on the pipe
shall not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm). There shall be not less
than one identification label on each pipe in each room, space
or story.
SECTION 607
HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
607.1 Where required. In residential occupancies, hot water
shall be supplied to plumbing fixtures and equipment utilized
for bathing, washing, culinary purposes, cleansing, laundry or
building maintenance. In nonresidential occupancies, hot
water shall be supplied for culinary purposes, cleansing,
laundry or building maintenance purposes. In nonresidential
occupancies, hot water or tempered water shall be supplied
for bathing and washing purposes.
607.1.1 Temperature limiting means. A thermostat con-
trol for a water heater shall not serve as the temperature
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE*
47
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
limiting means for the purposes of complying with the
requirements of this code for maximum allowable hot or
tempered water delivery temperature at fixtures.
607.1.2 Tempered water temperature control. Tem-
pered water shall be supplied through a water temperature
limiting device that conforms to ASSE 1070 and shall
limit the tempered water to a maximum of 110°F (43°C).
This provision shall not supersede the requirement for pro-
tective shower valves in accordance with Section 424.3.
607.2 Hot or tempered water supply to fixtures. The devel-
oped length of hot or tempered water piping, from the source
of hot water to the fixtures that require hot or tempered water,
shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm). Recirculating system
piping and heat-traced piping shall be considered to be
sources of hot or tempered water.
[E] 607.2.1 Hot water system controls. Automatic circu-
lating hot water system pumps or heat trace shall be
arranged to be conveniently turned off, automatically or
manually, when the hot water system is not in operation.
607.2.2 Recirculating pump. Where a thermostatic mix-
ing valve is used in a system with a hot water recirculating
pump, the hot water or tempered water return line shall be
routed to the cold water inlet pipe of the water heater and
the cold water inlet pipe or the hot water return connection
of the thermostatic mixing valve.
607.3 Thermal expansion control. A means of controlling
increased pressure caused by thermal expansion shall be pro-
vided where required in accordance with Sections 607.3.1
and 607.3.2.
607.3.1 Pressure-reducing valve. For water service sys-
tem sizes up to and including 2 inches (51 mm), a device
for controlling pressure shall be installed where, because
of thermal expansion, the pressure on the downstream side
of a pressure-reducing valve exceeds the pressure-reduc-
ing valve setting.
607.3.2 Backflow prevention device or check valve.
Where a backflow prevention device, check valve or other
device is installed on a water supply system utilizing stor-
age water heating equipment such that thermal expansion
causes an increase in pressure, a device for controlling
pressure shall be installed.
607.4 Flow of hot water to fixtures. Fixture fittings, faucets
and diverters shall be installed and adjusted so that the flow
of hot water from the fittings corresponds to the left-hand
side of the fixture fitting.
Exception: Shower and tub/shower mixing valves con-
forming to ASSE 1016 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1,
where the flow of hot water corresponds to the markings
on the device.
[E] 607.5 Pipe insulation. Hot water piping in automatic
temperature maintenance systems shall be insulated with 1
inch (25 mm) of insulation having a conductivity not exceed-
ing 0.27 Btu per inch/h • ft 2 » °F (1.53 W per 25 mm/m 2 •
K). The first 8 feet (2438 mm) of hot water piping from a hot
water source that does not have heat traps shall be insulated
with 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of material having a conductivity not
exceeding 0.27 Btu per inch/h • ft 2 » °F (1.53 W per 25 mm/
m 2 .K).
1
SECTION 608
PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY
608.1 General. A potable water supply system shall be
designed, installed and maintained in such a manner so as to
prevent contamination from nonpotable liquids, solids or
gases being introduced into the potable water supply through
cross-connections or any other piping connections to the sys-
tem. Backflow preventer applications shall conform to Table
608.1, except as specifically stated in Sections 608.2 through
608.16.10.
608.2 Plumbing fixtures. The supply lines and fittings for
plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to prevent backflow.
Plumbing fixture fittings shall provide backflow protection in
accordance with ASME All 2. 18.1/CSAB 125.1. |
608.3 Devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus.
Devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus intended to
serve some special function, such as sterilization, distillation,
processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods, and that con-
nect to the water supply system, shall be provided with pro-
tection against backflow and contamination of the water
supply system. Water pumps, filters, softeners, tanks and
other appliances and devices that handle or treat potable
water shall be protected against contamination.
608.3.1 Special equipment, water supply protection.
The water supply for hospital fixtures shall be protected
against backflow with a reduced pressure principle back- 1
flow prevention assembly, an atmospheric or spill-resis- I
tant vacuum breaker assembly, or an air gap. Vacuum |
breakers for bedpan washer hoses shall not be located less
than 5 feet (1524 mm) above the floor. Vacuum breakers
for hose connections in health care or laboratory areas
shall not be less than 6 feet (1 829 mm) above the floor.
608.4 Water service piping. Water service piping shall be
protected in accordance with Sections 603.2 and 603.2.1.
608.5 Chemicals and other substances. Chemicals and
other substances that produce either toxic conditions, taste,
odor or discoloration in a potable water system shall not be
introduced into, or utilized in, such systems.
608.6 Cross-connection control. Cross connections shall be
prohibited, except where approved methods are installed to I
protect the potable water supply. §
608.6.1 Private water supplies. Cross connections
between a private water supply and a potable public sup-
ply shall be prohibited.
608.7 Valves and outlets prohibited below grade. Potable
water outlets and combination stop-and-waste valves shall
not be installed underground or below grade. Freezeproof
yard hydrants that drain the riser into the ground are consid-
ered to be stop-and-waste valves.
Exception: Freezeproof yard hydrants that drain the riser
into the ground shall be permitted to be installed, provided
that the potable water supply to such hydrants is protected
upstream of the hydrants in accordance with Section 608
48
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
WATER SUPPLY AMD DISTRIBUTION
and the hydrants are permanently identified as nonpotable
outlets by approved signage that reads as follows: "Cau-
tion, Nonpotable Water. Do Not Drink."
608.8 Identification of nonpotable water. Where nonpota-
ble water systems are installed, the piping conveying the non-
potable water shall be identified either by color marking or
metal tags in accordance with Sections 608.8.1 through
608.8.3. All nonpotable water outlets such as hose connec-
tions, open ended pipes, and faucets shall be identified at the
point of use for each outlet with the words, "Nonpotable — not
safe for drinking." The words shall be indelibly printed on a
tag or sign constructed of corrosion-resistant waterproof
material or shall be indelibly printed on the fixture. The let-
ters of the words shall be not less than 0.5 inches (12.7 mm)
in height and in colors in contrast to the background on which
they are applied.
608.8.1 Information. Pipe identification shall include the
contents of the piping system and an arrow indicating the
direction of flow. Hazardous piping systems shall also
contain information addressing the nature of the hazard.
Pipe identification shall be repeated at intervals not
exceeding 25 feet (7620 mm) and at each point where the
piping passes through a wall, floor or roof. Lettering shall
be readily observable within the room or space where the
piping is located.
608.8.2 Color. The color of the pipe identification shall be
discernable and consistent throughout the building. The
color purple shall be used to identify reclaimed, rain and
gray water distribution systems.
608.8.3 Size. The size of the background color field and
lettering shall comply with Table 608.8.3.
TABLE 608.8.3
SIZE OF PIPE IDENTIFICATION
PIPE DIAMETER
(inches)
LENGTH BACKGROUND
COLOR FIELD
(inches)
SIZE OF LETTERS
(inches)
V 4 tol7 4
8
0.5
1 7, to 2
8
0.75
27 2 to 6
12
1.25
8 to 10
24
2.5
over 10
32
3.5
For SI 1 inch =25.4 mm.
608.9 Reutilization prohibited. Water utilized for the cool-
ing of equipment or other processes shall not be returned to
the potable water system. Such water shall be discharged into
a drainage system through an air gap or shall be utilized for
nonpotable purposes.
608.10 Reuse of piping. Piping that has been utilized for any
purpose other than conveying potable water shall not be uti-
lized for conveying potable water.
608.11 Fainting of water tanks. The interior surface of a
potable water tank shall not be lined, painted or repaired with
any material that changes the taste, odor, color or potability
of the water supply when the tank is placed in, or returned to,
service.
608.12 Pumps and other appliances. Water pumps, filters,
softeners, tanks and other devices that handle or treat potable
water shall be protected against contamination.
608.13 Backflow protection. Means of protection against
backflow shall be provided in accordance with Sections
608.13.1 through 608.13.9.
608.13.1 Air gap. The minimum required air gap shall be
measured vertically from the lowest end of a potable water
outlet to the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle into
which such potable water outlet discharges. Air gaps shall
comply with ASME Al 12.1.2 and air gap fittings shall
comply with ASME A112.1.3.
608.13.2 Reduced pressure principle backflow preven-
tion assemblies Reduced pressure principle backflow pre-
vention assemblies shall conform to ASSE 1013, AWWA
C511, CSA B64.4 or CSA B64.4.1. Reduced pressure
detector assembly backflow preventers shall conform to
ASSE 1047. These devices shall be permitted to be
installed where subject to continuous pressure conditions.
The relief opening shall discharge by air gap and shall be
prevented from being submerged.
608.13.3 Backflow preventer with intermediate atmo-
spheric vent. Backflow preventers with intermediate
atmospheric vents shall conform to ASSE 1012 or CSA
B64.3. These devices shall be permitted to be installed
where subject to continuous pressure conditions. The
relief opening shall discharge by air gap and shall be pre-
vented from being submerged.
608.13.4 Barometric loop. Barometric loops shall pre-
cede the point of connection and shall extend vertically to
a height of 35 feet (10 668 mm). A barometric loop shall
only be utilized as an atmospheric-type or pressure-type
vacuum breaker.
608.13.5 Pressure vacuum breaker assemblies. Pressure
vacuum breaker assemblies shall conform to ASSE 1020
or CSA B64.1.2. Spill-resistant vacuum breaker assem-
blies shall comply with ASSE 1056. These assemblies are
designed for installation under continuous pressure condi-
tions where the critical level is installed at the required
height. Pressure vacuum breaker assemblies shall not be
installed in locations where spillage could cause damage
to the structure.
608.13.6 Atmospheric-type vacuum breakers. Pipe-
applied atmospheric-type vacuum breakers shall conform
to ASSE 1001 or CSA B64.1.1. Hose connection vacuum
breakers shall conform to ASSE 101 1 , ASSE 1019, ASSE
1035, ASSE 1052, CSA B64.2, CSA B64.2.1, CSA
B64.2.1.1, CSA B64.2.2 or CSA B64.7. These devices
shall operate under normal atmospheric pressure when the
critical level is installed at the required height.
608.13.7 Double check-valve assemblies. Double check-
valve assemblies shall conform to ASSE 1015, CSA
B64.5, CSA B64.5.1 or AWWA C510. Double-detector
check-valve assemblies shall conform to ASSE 1048.
These devices shall be capable of operating under continu-
ous pressure conditions.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
49
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
TABLE 608.1
APPLICATION OF BACKFLOW PREVENTERS
DEVICE
DEGREE OF HAZARD 8
APPLICATION"
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
Air gap
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage or backpressure
ASMEA1 12.1.2
Air gap fittings for use with plumbing
fixtures, appliances and appurtenances
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage or backpressure
ASMEA1 12.1.3
Antisiphon-type fill valves for gravity
water closet flush tanks
High hazard
Backsiphonage only
ASSE 1002, CSA Bl 25.3
Backflow preventer for carbonated
beverage machines
Low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes '/"-%"
ASSE1022
Backflow preventer with intermediate
atmospheric vents
Low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes 7 4 "-7 4 "
ASSE 1012, CSAB64.3
Barometric loop
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage only
(See Section 608.13.4)
Double check backflow prevention
assembly and double check fire
protection backflow prevention assembly
Low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes 7/-16"
ASSE 1015, AWWA C510,
CSAB64.5, CSAB64.5.1
Double check detector fire protection
backflow prevention assemblies
Low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
(Fire sprinkler systems)
Sizes2"-16"
ASSE 1048
Dual-check-valve-type backflow preventer
Low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes '//'-) "
ASSE 1024, CSA B64.6
Hose connection backflow preventer
High or low hazard
Low head backpressure, rated
working pressure,
backpressure
or backsiphonage Sizes V/'-l"
ASSE 1052, CSAB64.2.1.1
Hose connection vacuum breaker
High or low hazard
Low head backpressure or
backsiphonage
Sizes '//', V 4 ", 1"
ASSE 1011, CSA B64.2, CSA
B64.2.1
Laboratory faucet backflow preventer
High or low hazard
Low head backpressure and
backsiphonage
ASSE 1035, CSA B64.7
Pipe-applied atmospheric -type vacuum
breaker
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage only
Sizes V 4 "-4"
ASSE 1001, CSA B64. 1.1
Pressure vacuum breaker assembly
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage only
Sizes V/-2"
ASSE 1020, CSA B64. 1.2
Reduced pressure principle backflow
prevention assembly and reduced pressure
principle fire protection backflow prevention
assembly
High or low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes 3 / 8 "-16"
ASSE 1013, AWWA C511,
CSA B64.4, CSA B64.4. 1
Reduced pressure detector fire protection
backflow prevention assemblies
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage or backpressure
(Fire sprinkler systems)
ASSE 1047
Spill-resistant vacuum breaker assembly
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage only
Sizes V-2"
ASSE 1056
Vacuum breaker wall hydrants,
frost-resistant, automatic draining type
High or low hazard
Low head backpressure or
backsiphonage
Sizes 3 //', 1"
ASSE 1019, CSA B64.2.2
—
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm
a. Low hazard — See Pollution (Section 202).
High hazard — See Contamination (Section 202)
b. See Backpressure (Section 202).
See Backpressure, low head (Section 202).
See Backsiphonage (Section 202).
50
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
608.13.8 Spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker
assemblies. Spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker
assemblies shall conform to ASSE 1056 or CSA B64.1.3.
These assemblies are designed for installation under con-
tinuous-pressure conditions where the critical level is
installed at the required height.
608.13.9 Chemical dispenser backflow devices. Back-
flow devices for chemical dispensers shall comply with
ASSE 1055 or shall be equipped with an air gap fitting.
608.14 Location of backflow preventers. Access shall be
provided to backflow preventers as specified by the manufac-
turer's instructions.
608.14.1 Outdoor enclosures for backflow prevention
devices. Outdoor enclosures for backflow prevention
devices shall comply with ASSE 1060.
608.14.2 Protection of backflow preventers. Backflow
preventers shall not be located in areas subject to freezing
except where they can be removed by means of unions or
are protected from freezing by heat, insulation or both.
608.14.2.1 Relief port piping. The termination of the
piping from the relief port or air gap fitting of a back-
flow preventer shall discharge to an approved indirect
waste receptor or to the outdoors where it will not cause
damage or create a nuisance.
608.15 Protection of potable water outlets. All potable
water openings and outlets shall be protected against back-
flow in accordance with Section 608.15.1, 608.15.2,
608.15.3, 608.15.4, 608.15.4.1 or 608.15.4.2.
608.15.1 Protection by air gap. Openings and outlets
shall be protected by an air gap between the opening and
the fixture flood level rim as specified in Table 608.15.1.
Openings and outlets equipped for hose connection shall
be protected by means other than an air gap.
608.15.2 Protection by reduced pressure principle
backflow prevention assembly. Openings and outlets
shall be protected by a reduced pressure principle back-
flow prevention assembly or a reduced pressure principle
fire protection backflow prevention assembly on potable
water supplies.
608.15.3 Protection by a backflow preventer with inter-
mediate atmospheric vent. Openings and outlets shall be
protected by a backflow preventer with an intermediate
atmospheric vent.
608.15.4 Protection by a vacuum breaker. Openings and
outlets shall be protected by atmospheric-type or pressure-
type vacuum breakers. The critical level of the vacuum
breaker shall be set not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above
the. flood level rim of the fixture or device. Fill valves shall
be set in accordance with Section 425.3.1. Vacuum break-
ers shall not be installed under exhaust hoods or similar
locations that will contain toxic fumes or vapors. Pipe-
applied vacuum breakers shall be installed not less than 6
inches (152 mm) above the. flood level rim of the fixture,
receptor or device served.
608.15.4.1 Deck-mounted and integral vacuum
breakers. Approved deck-mounted or equipment-
mounted vacuum breakers and faucets with integral
atmospheric vacuum breakers or spill-resistant vacuum 1
breaker assemblies shall be installed in accordance with |
the manufacturer's instructions and the requirements
for labeling with the critical level not less than 1 inch
(25 mm) above the flood level rim.
608.15.4.2 Hose connections. Sillcocks, hose bibbs,
wall hydrants and other openings with a hose connec-
tion shall be protected by an atmospheric-type or pres-
sure-type vacuum breaker or a permanently attached
hose connection vacuum breaker.
Exceptions:
1. This section shall not apply to water heater
and boiler drain valves that are provided with
hose connection threads and that are intended
only for tank or vessel draining.
2. This section shall not apply to water supply
valves intended for connection of clothes
washing machines where backflow preven-
tion is otherwise provided or is integral with
the machine.
608.16 Connections to the potable water system. Connec-
tions to the potable water system shall conform to Sections
608.16.1 through 608.16.10.
608.16.1 Beverage dispensers. The water supply connec-
tion to beverage dispensers shall be protected against
backflow by a backflow preventer conforming to ASSE
1022 or by an air gap. The portion of the backflow pre-
venter device downstream from the second check valve
and the piping downstream therefrom shall not be affected
by carbon dioxide gas.
608.16.2 Connections to boilers. The potable supply to
the boiler shall be equipped with a backflow preventer
with an intermediate atmospheric vent complying with
ASSE 1012 or CSA B64.3. Where conditioning chemicals
are introduced into the system, the potable water connec-
tion shall be protected by an air gap or a reduced pressure
principle backflow preventer, complying with ASSE 1013,
CSA B64.4 or AWWA C5 1 1.
608.16.3 Heat exchangers. Heat exchangers utilizing an
essentially toxic transfer fluid shall be separated from the
potable water by double-wall construction. An air gap
open to the atmosphere shall be provided between the two
walls. Heat exchangers utilizing an essentially nontoxic
transfer fluid shall be permitted to be of single-wall con-
struction.
608.16.4 Connections to automatic fire sprinkler sys-
tems and standpipe systems. The potable water supply to
automatic fire sprinkler and standpipe systems shall be
protected against backflow by a double check backflow
prevention assembly, a double check fire protection back-
flow prevention assembly or a reduced pressure principle
fire protection backflow prevention assembly.
Exceptions:
1. Where systems are installed as a portion of the
water distribution system in accordance with the
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
51
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
requirements of this code and are not provided
with a fire department connection, isolation of
the water supply system shall not be required.
2. Isolation of the water distribution system is not
required for deluge, preaction or dry pipe sys-
tems.
608.16.4.1 Additives or nonpotable source. Where
systems under continuous pressure contain chemical
additives or antifreeze, or where systems are connected
to a nonpotable secondary water supply, the potable
water supply shall be protected against backflow by a
reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assem-
bly or a reduced pressure principle fire protection back-
flow prevention assembly. Where chemical additives or
antifreeze are added to only a portion of an automatic
fire sprinkler or standpipe system, the reduced pressure
principle backflow prevention assembly or the reduced
pressure principle fire protection backflow prevention
assembly shall be permitted to be located so as to iso-
late that portion of the system. Where systems are not
under continuous pressure, the potable water supply
shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or an
atmospheric vacuum breaker conforming to ASSE
1001orCSAB64.1.1.
608.16.5 Connections to lawn irrigation systems. The
potable water supply to lawn irrigation systems shall be
protected against backflow by an atmospheric vacuum
breaker, a pressure vacuum breaker assembly or a reduced
pressure principle backflow prevention assembly. Valves
shall not be installed downstream from an atmospheric
vacuum breaker. Where chemicals are introduced into the
system, the potable water supply shall be protected against
backflow by a reduced pressure principle backflow pre-
vention assembly.
608.16.6 Connections subject to backpressure. Where a
potable water connection is made to a nonpotable line, fix-
ture, tank, vat, pump or other equipment subject to high-
hazard back-pressure, the potable water connection shall
be protected by a reduced pressure principle backflow pre-
vention assembly.
608.16.7 Chemical dispensers. Where chemical dispens-
ers connect to the potable water distribution system, the
water supply system shall be protected against backflow in
accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.5,
608.13.6, 608.13.8 or 608.13.9.
608.16.8 Portable cleaning equipment. Where the porta-
ble cleaning equipment connects to the water distribution
system, the water supply system shall be protected against
backflow in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2,
608.13.3, 608.13.7 or 608.13.8.
608.16.9 Dental pump equipment. Where dental pump-
ing equipment connects to the water distribution system,
the water supply system shall be protected against back-
flow in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2,
608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
608.16.10 Coffee machines and noncarbonated bever-
age dispensers. The water supply connection to coffee
machines and noncarbonated beverage dispensers shall be
protected against backflow by a backflow preventer con-
forming to ASSE 1022 or by an air gap.
608.17 Protection of individual water supplies. An individ-
ual water supply shall be located and constructed so as to be
safeguarded against contamination in accordance with Sec-
tions 608.17.1 through 608.17.8.
608.17.1 Well locations. A potable ground water source
or pump suction line shall not be located closer to poten-
tial sources of contamination than the distances shown in
Table 608.17.1. In the event the underlying rock structure
TABLE 608.15.1
MINIMUM REQUIRED AIR GAPS
FIXTURE
MINIMUM AIR GAP
Away from a wall" (inches)
Close to a wall (inches)
Lavatories and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 7 2 inch
in diameter
1
17,
Sink, laundry trays, gooseneck back faucets and other fixtures with effective
openings not greater than 3 / 4 inch in diameter
17 2
27 2
Over-rim bath fillers and other fixtures with effective openings not greater
than 1 inch in diameter
2
3
Drinking water fountains, single orifice not greater than 7 /, () inch in diameter
or multiple orifices with a total area of 0.150 square inch (area of circle
7 / l6 inch in diameter)
1
17 2
Effective openings greater than 1 inch
Two times the diameter of the
effective opening
Three times the diameter of
the effective opening
For SI: 1 inch = 25 .4 ram.
a. Applicable where walls or obstructions are spaced from the nearest inside-edge of the spout opening a distance greater than three times the diameter of the
effective opening for a single wall, or a distance greater than four times the diameter of the effective opening for two intersecting walls.
52
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
is limestone or fragmented shale, the local or state health
department shall be consulted on well site location. The
distances in Table 608.17.1 constitute minimum separa-
tion and shall be increased in areas of creviced rock or
limestone, or where the direction of movement of the
ground water is from sources of contamination toward the
well.
TABLE 608.17.1
DISTANCE FROM CONTAMINATION TO
PRIVATE WATER SUPPLIES AND PUMP SUCTION LINES
SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION
DISTANCE (feet)
Barnyard
100
Farm silo
25
Pasture
100
Pumphouse floor drain of cast iron draining
to ground surface
2
Seepage pits
50
Septic tank
25
Sewer
10
Subsurface disposal fields
50
Subsurface pits
50
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
608.17.2 Elevation. Well sites shall be positively drained
and shall be at higher elevations than potential sources of
contamination.
608.17.3 Depth. Private potable well supplies shall not be
developed from a water table less than 10 feet (3048 mm)
below the ground surface.
608.17.4 Water-tight casings. Each well shall be pro-
vided with a water-tight casing extending to not less than
10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground surface. Casings
shall extend not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the
well platform. Casings shall be large enough to permit
installation of a separate drop pipe. Casings shall be sealed
at the bottom in an impermeable stratum or extend several
feet into the water bearing stratum.
608.17.5 Drilled or driven well casings. Drilled or driven
well casings shall be of steel or other approved material.
Where drilled wells extend into a rock formation, the well
casing shall extend to and set firmly in the formation. The
annular space between the earth and the outside of the cas-
ing shall be filled with cement grout to a depth of not less
than 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground surface. In an
instance of casing to rock installation, the grout shall
extend to the rock surface.
608.17.6 Dug or bored well casings. Dug or bored well
casings shall be of water-tight concrete, tile, or galvanized
or corrugated metal pipe extending to not less than 10 feet
(3048 mm) below the ground surface. Where the water
table is more than 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground
surface, the water-tight casing shall extend below the table
surface. Well casings for dug wells or bored wells con-
structed with sections of concrete, tile, or galvanized or
corrugated metal pipe shall be surrounded by 6 inches
(152 mm) of grout poured into the hole between the out-
side of the casing and the ground and extending not less
than 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground surface.
608.17.7 Cover. Potable water wells shall be equipped
with an overlapping water-tight cover at the top of the well
casing or pipe sleeve such that contaminated water or
other substances are prevented from entering the well
through the annular opening at the top of the well casing,
wall or pipe sleeve. Covers shall extend downward not
less than 2 inches (5 1 mm) over the outside of the well
casing or wall. A dug well cover shall be provided with a
pipe sleeve permitting the withdrawal of the pump suction
pipe, cylinder or jet body without disturbing the cover.
Where pump sections or discharge pipes enter or leave a
well through the side of the casing, the circle of contact
shall be water tight.
608.17.8 Drainage. Potable water wells and springs shall
be constructed such that surface drainage will be diverted
away from the well or spring.
SECTION 609
HEALTH CARE PLUMBING
609.1 Scope. This section shall govern those aspects of health
care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in
other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform
to the requirements of this section in addition to the other
requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall
apply to the special devices and equipment installed and
maintained in the following occupancies: nursing homes,
homes for the aged, orphanages, infirmaries, first aid stations,
psychiatric facilities, clinics, professional offices of dentists
and doctors, mortuaries, educational facilities, surgery, den-
tistry, research and testing laboratories, establishments manu-
facturing pharmaceutical drugs and medicines, and other
structures with similar apparatus and equipment classified as
plumbing.
609.2 Water service. Hospitals shall have two water service
pipes installed in such a manner so as to minimize the poten-
tial for an interruption of the supply of water in the event of a
water main or water service pipe failure.
609.3 Hot water. Hot water shall be provided to supply all of
the hospital fixture, kitchen and laundry requirements. Spe-
cial fixtures and equipment shall have hot water supplied at a
temperature specified by the manufacturer. The hot water
system shall be installed in accordance with Section 607.
609.4 Vacuum breaker installation. Vacuum breakers shall
be installed not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood
level rim of the fixture or device in accordance with Section
608. The flood level rim of hose connections shall be the
maximum height at which any hose is utilized.
609.5 Prohibited water closet and clinical sink supply. Jet-
or water-supplied orifices, except those supplied by the flush
connections, shall not be located in or connected with a water
closet bowl or clinical sink. This section shall not prohibit an
approved bidet installation.
609.6 Clinical, hydrotherapeutic and radiological equip-
ment. Clinical, hydrotherapeutic, radiological or any equip-
ment that is supplied with water or that discharges to the
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
53
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
waste system shall conform to the requirements of this sec-
tion and Section 608.
609.7 Condensate drain trap seal. A water supply shall be
provided for cleaning, flushing and resealing the condensate
trap, and the trap shall discharge through an air gap in accor-
dance with Section 608.
609.8 Valve leakage diverter. Each water sterilizer filled
with water through directly connected piping shall be
equipped with an approved leakage diverter or bleed line on
the water supply control valve to indicate and conduct any
leakage of unsterile water away from the sterile zone.
SECTION 610
DISINFECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEM
610.1 General. New or repaired potable water systems shall
be purged of deleterious matter and disinfected prior to utili-
zation. The method to be followed shall be that prescribed by
the health authority or water purveyor having jurisdiction or,
in the absence of a prescribed method, the procedure
described in either AWWA C651 or AWWA C652, or as
described in this section. This requirement shall apply to "on-
site" or "in-plant" fabrication of a system or to a modular por-
tion of a system.
1. The pipe system shall be flushed with clean, potable
water until dirty water does not appear at the points of
outlet.
2. The system or part thereof shall be filled with a water/
chlorine solution containing not less than 50 parts per
million (50 mg/L) of chlorine, and the system or part
thereof shall be valved off and allowed to stand for 24
hours; or the system or part thereof shall be filled with a
water/chlorine solution containing not less than 200
parts per million (200 mg/L) of chlorine and allowed to
stand for 3 hours.
3. Following the required standing time, the system shall
be flushed with clean potable water until the chlorine is
purged from the system.
4. The procedure shall be repeated where shown by a bac-
teriological examination that contamination remains
present in the system.
SECTION 612
SOLAR SYSTEMS
612.1 Solar systems. The construction, installation, altera-
tions and repair of systems, equipment and appliances
intended to utilize solar energy for space heating or cooling,
domestic hot water heating, swimming pool heating or pro-
cess heating shall be in accordance with the International
Mechanical Code,
SECTION 613
TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICES AND VALVES
613.1 Temperature-actuated mixing valves. Temperature-
actuated mixing valves, which are installed to reduce water
temperatures to defined limits, shall comply with ASSE
1017.
SECTION 611
DRINKING WATER TREATMENT UNITS
611.1 Design. Drinking water treatment units shall meet the
requirements of NSF42, NSF 44, NSF 53, NSF 62 or CSA
B483.1.
611.2 Reverse osmosis systems. The discharge from a
reverse osmosis drinking water treatment unit shall enter the
drainage system through an air gap or an air gap device that
meets the requirements of NSF 58 or CSA B483.1.
611.3 Connection tubing. The tubing to and from drinking
water treatment units shall be of a size and material as recom-
mended by the manufacturer. The tubing shall comply with
NSF 14, NSF 42, NSF 44, NSF 53, NSF 58 or NSF 61.
54
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 7
%J& Jf™°4 III | JF""(fc I B a fc^ S IfT 5 i « f %^rfl ILsgi
SECTION 701
GENERAL
701.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of sanitary
drainage systems.
70 J. 2 Sewer required. Buildings in which plumbing fixtures
are installed and premises having drainage piping shall be
connected to a public sewer, where available, or an approved
private sewage disposal system in accordance with the Inter-
national Private Sewage Disposal Code.
701.3 Separate sewer connection. A building having plumb-
ing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation,
occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley or
easement in which there is a public sewer shall have a sepa-
rate connection with the sewer. Where located on the same
lot, multiple buildings shall not be prohibited from connect-
ing to a common building sewer that connects to the public
sewer.
701.4 Sewage treatment. Sewage or other waste from a
plumbing system that is deleterious to surface or subsurface
waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any
waterway unless it has first been rendered innocuous through
subjection to an approved form of treatment.
701.5 Damage to drainage system or public sewer. Wastes
detrimental to the public sewer system or to the functioning
of the sewage-treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of
in accordance with Section 1003 as directed by the code offi-
cial.
701.6 Tests. The sanitary drainage system shall be tested in
accordance with Section 312.
701.7 Connections. Direct connection of a steam exhaust,
blowoff or drip pipe shall not be made with the building
drainage system. Waste water where discharged into the
building drainage system shall be at a temperature not greater
than 140°F (60°C). Where higher temperatures exist,
approved cooling methods shall be provided.
701.8 Engineered systems. Engineered sanitary drainage
| systems shall conform to the provisions of Sections 3 1 6 and
714.
701.9 Drainage piping in food service areas. Exposed soil
or waste piping shall not be installed above any working,
storage or eating surfaces in food service establishments.
SECTION 702
MATERIALS
702.1 Above-ground sanitary drainage and vent pipe.
Above-ground soil, waste and vent pipe shall conform to one
of the standards listed in Table 702. 1 .
TABLE 702.1
ABOVE-GROUND DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe in IPS
diameters, including Schedule
40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR 24
(PS 140); with a solid, cellular
core or composite wall
ASTM D 2661 ; ASTM F 628;
ASTMF1488;CSAB181.1
Brass pipe
ASTM B 43
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(Type K, L, M or DWV)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306
Galvanized steel pipe
ASTM A 53
Glass pipe
ASTM C 1053
Polyolefin pipe
ASTM F 1412;
CSAB181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic
pipe in IPS diameters, indu-
ing schedule 40, DR 22 (PS
200), and DR 24 (PS 140);
with a solid, cellular core or
composite wall
ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 891;
ASTMF1488;CSABI81.2
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch
O.D. and a solid, cellular
core or composite wall
ASTM D 2949, ASTM F 1488
Polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF) plastic pipe
ASTM F 1673; CSAB181.3
Stainless steel drainage
systems, Types 304 and 316L
ASMEA1 12.3.1
702.2 Underground building sanitary drainage and vent
pipe. Underground building sanitary drainage and vent pipe
shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 702.2.
702.3 Building sewer pipe. Building sewer pipe shall con-
form to one of the standards listed in Table 702.3.
702.4 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
with the piping material installed and shall comply with the
applicable standards listed in Table 702.4.
702.5 Chemical waste system. A chemical waste system
shall be completely separated from the sanitary drainage sys-
tem. The chemical waste shall be treated in accordance with
Section 803.2 before discharging to the sanitary drainage sys-
tem. Separate drainage systems for chemical wastes and vent
pipes shall be of an approved material that is resistant to cor-
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
55
SANITARY DRAINAGE
rosion and degradation for the concentrations of chemicals
involved.
702.6 Lead bends and traps. Lead bends and traps shall not
be less than V 8 inch (3.2 mm) wall thickness.
TABLE 702.2
UNDERGROUND BUILDING DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe in IPS
diameters, including schedule
40, DR 22 (PS 200) and DR
24 (PS 140); with a solid, cel-
lular core, or composite wall
ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628;
ASTMF1488;CSAB181.1
Asbestos-cement pipe
ASTM C 428
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CIS PI 301
Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(Type K, L, M or DWV)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306
Polyolefin pipe
ASTM F 1412;
CSAB181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe in IPS diameters,
including schedule 40, DR 22
(PS 200) and DR 24 (PS
140); with a solid, cellular
core, or composite wall
ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 891;
ASTM F 1488; CSAB181.2
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch
O.D. and a solid, cellular
core, or composite wall
ASTM D 2949, ASTM F 1488
Polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF) plastic pipe
ASTM F 1673;
CSAB181.3
Stainless steel drainage
systems, Type 3 1 6L
ASME A 112.3.1
TABLE 702.3
BUILDING SEWER PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
ASTM D 2661 ; ASTM F 628;
(ABS) plastic pipe in IPS
ASTM F 1488; CSA B181.1
diameters, including sched-
ule 40, DR 22 (PS 200) and
DR 24 (PS 140); with a solid,
cellular core or composite
wall
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
ASTM F 1488; ASTM D 2751
(ABS) plastic pipe in sewer
and drain diameters, includ-
ing SDR 42 (PS 20), PS 35,
SDR 35 (PS 45), PS 50, PS
100, PS 140, SDR 23.5 (PS
150) and PS 200; with a solid,
cellular core or composite
wall
Asbestos-cement pipe
ASTM C 428
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301
Concrete pipe
ASTM C 14; ASTM C 76;
CSAA257.1M;
CSA A257.2M
Copper or copper-alloy tubing
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
(Type K or L)
ASTM B 251
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
ASTM F 714
(SDR-PR)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 891 ;
plastic pipe in IPS diameters,
ASTM F 1488
including schedule 40, DR 22
(PS 200) and DR 24 (PS 140);
with a solid, cellular core or
composite wall
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
ASTM F 891; ASTM F 1488;
plastic pipe in sewer and
ASTM D 3034; CSA B182.2;
drain diameters, including PS
CSA Bl 82.4
25, SDR 41 (PS 28), PS 35,
SDR 35 (PS 46), PS 50, PS
100, SDR 26 (PS 115), PS
140 and PS 200; with a solid,
cellular core or composite
wall
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
ASTM D 2949, ASTM F 1488
plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch
O.D. and a solid, cellular core
or composite wall.
Polyvinylidene fluoride
ASTM F 1673;
(PVDF) plastic pipe
CSAB181.3
Stainless steel drainage
ASME Al 12.3.1
systems, Types 304 and 3 16L
Vitrified clay pipe
ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700
56
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
SANITARY DRAINAGE
TABLE 702.4
PIPE FITTINGS
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in
IPS diameters
ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628;
CSAB181.1
Acrylonotrile butadiene
styrene (ABS) plastic pipe in
sewer and drain diameters
ASTM D 2751
Asbestos cement
ASTM C 428
Cast iron
ASMEB 16.4; ASMEB 16.12;
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CIS PI 301
Copper or copper alloy
ASMEB 16.15; ASMEB 16.18;
ASMEB 16.22; ASMEB 16.23;
ASME B 16.26; ASME B 16.29
Glass
ASTMC 1053
Gray iron and ductile iron
AWWAC 110/A21.10
Malleable iron
ASMEB 16.3
Polyolefin
ASTM F 1412;
CSAB181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic in IPS diameters
ASTM D 2665; ASTM F 1866
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe in sewer and drain
diameters
ASTM D 3034
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe with a 3.25-inch
O.D.
ASTM D 2949
Polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF) plastic pipe
ASTM F 1673;
CSAB181.3
Stainless steel drainage
systems, Types 304 and 316L
ASME A 112.3.1
Steel
ASMEB 16.9; ASMEB 16.11;
ASMEB 16.28
Vitrified clay
ASTM C 700
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.
SECTION 703
BUILDING SEWER
703.1 Building sewer pipe near the water service. Where
the building sewer is installed within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the
water service, the installation shall comply with the provi-
sions of Section 603.2.
703.2 Drainage pipe in filled ground. Where a building
sewer or building drain is installed on filled or unstable
ground, the drainage pipe shall conform to one of the stan-
dards for ABS plastic pipe, cast-iron pipe, copper or copper-
alloy tubing, or PVC plastic pipe listed in Table 702.3.
703.3 Sanitary and storm sewers. Where separate systems
of sanitary drainage and storm drainage are installed in the
same property, the sanitary and storm building sewers or
drains shall be permitted to be laid side by side in one trench.
703.4 Existing building sewers and drains. Existing build-
ing sewers and drains shall connect with new building sewer
and drainage systems only where found by examination and
test to conform to the new system in quality of material. The
code official shall notify the owner to make the changes nec-
essary to conform to this code.
703.5 Cleanouts on building sewers. Cleanouts on building
sewers shall be located as set forth in Section 708.
SECTION 704
DRAINAGE PIPING INSTALLATION
704.1 Slope of horizontal drainage piping. Horizontal
drainage piping shall be installed in uniform alignment at uni-
form slopes. The slope of a horizontal drainage pipe shall be
not less than that indicated in Table 704. 1 .
TABLE 704.1
SLOPE OF HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPE
SIZE
(inches)
MINIMUM SLOPE
(inch per foot)
2'/ 2 or less
%
3 to 6
X
8 or larger
v l6
704.2 Change in size. The size of the drainage piping shall
not be reduced in size in the direction of the flow. A 4-inch
by 3-inch (102 mm by 76 mm) water closet connection shall
not be considered as a reduction in size.
704.3 Connections to offsets and bases of stacks. Horizon-
tal branches shall connect to the bases of stacks at a point
located not less than 10 times the diameter of the drainage
stack downstream from the stack. Horizontal branches shall
connect to horizontal stack offsets at a point located not less
than 1 times the diameter of the drainage stack downstream
from the upper stack.
704.4 Future fixtures. Drainage piping for future fixtures
shall terminate with an approved cap or plug.
SECTION 705
JOINTS
705.1 General. This section contains provisions applicable to
joints specific to sanitary drainage piping.
705.2 ABS plastic. Joints between ABS plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 705.2.1 through 705.2.3.
705.2.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipes shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming
to ASTM C 1 173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. Mechani-
cal joints shall be installed only in underground systems
unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
705.2.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to
ASTM D 2235 or CSA B181.1 shall be applied to all joint
surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet.
Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 2235,
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
57
SANITARY DRAINAGE
ASTM D 2661, ASTM F 628 or CSA B181.1. Solvent-
cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
705.2.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME Bl .20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
705.3 Asbestos cement. Joints between asbestos-cement pipe
or fittings shall be made with a sleeve coupling of the same
composition as the pipe, sealed with an elastomeric ring con-
forming to ASTM D 1 869.
705.4 Brass. Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall com-
ply with Sections 705.4.1 through 705.4.4.
705.4.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The
joint shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to
AWS A5.8.
705.4.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
705.4.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
705.4.4 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
705.5 Cast iron. Joints between cast-iron pipe or fittings
shall comply with Sections 705.5.1 through 705.5.3.
705.5.1 Caulked joints. Joints for hub and spigot pipe
shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp. Molten lead
shall be poured in one operation to a depth of not less than
1 inch (25 mm). The lead shall not recede more than 7 g
inch (3.2 mm) below the rim of the hub and shall be
caulked tight. Paint, varnish or other coatings shall not be
permitted on the jointing material until after the joint has
been tested and approved. Lead shall be run in one pour-
ing and shall be caulked tight. Acid-resistant rope and
acid-proof cement shall be permitted.
705.5.2 Compression gasket joints. Compression gaskets
for hub and spigot pipe and fittings shall conform to
ASTM C 564 and shall be tested to ASTM C 1563. Gas-
kets shall be compressed when the pipe is fully inserted.
705.5.3 Mechanical joint coupling. Mechanical joint
couplings for hubless pipe and fittings shall comply with
CISPI 310, ASTM C 1277 or ASTM C 1540. The elasto-
meric sealing sleeve shall conform to ASTM C 564 or
CSA B602 and shall be provided with a center stop.
Mechanical joint couplings shall be installed in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
705.6 Concrete joints. Joints between concrete pipe and fit-
tings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 443, ASTM C 1 173, CSA A257.3M or CSA B602.
705.7 Coextruded composite ABS pipe, joints. Joints
between coextruded composite pipe with an ABS outer layer
or ABS fittings shall comply with Sections 705.7.1 and
705.7.2.
705.7.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical
joints shall not be installed in above-ground systems,
unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
705.7.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to
ASTM D 2235 or CSA B 181.1 shall be applied to all joint
surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet.
Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 2235,
ASTM D 2661, ASTM F 628 or CSA B181.1. Solvent-
cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
705.8 Coextruded composite PVC pipe. Joints between
coextruded composite pipe with a PVC outer layer or PVC
fittings shall comply with Sections 705.8.1 and 705.8.2.
705.8.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM D 3212. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in
above-ground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
705.8.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to
ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple
in color and conforming to ASTM D 2564, CSA B 137.3,
CSA B 181. 2 or CSA B 182.1 shall be applied to all joint
surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet
and shall be in accordance with ASTM D 2855. Solvent-
cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
705.9 Copper pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy
pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections 705.9.1 through
705.9.5.
705.9.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The
joint shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to
AWS A5.8.
705.9.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
705.9.3 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in
accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be sol-
dered with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32.
705.9.4 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
705.9.5 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
705.10 Copper tubing. Joints between copper or copper-
alloy tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections 705.10.1
through 705.10.3.
705.10.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be
cleaned. An approved flux shall be applied where
58
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
SANITARY DRAINAGE
required. The joint shall be brazed with a filler metal con-
forming to AWS A5.8.
705.10.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
705.10.3 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in
accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be sol-
dered with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32.
705.11 Borosilicate glass joints. Glass-to-glass connections
shall be made with a bolted compression-type stainless steel
(300 series) coupling with contoured acid-resistant elasto-
meric compression ring and a fluorocarbon polymer inner
seal ring; or with caulked joints in accordance with Section
705.11.1.
705.11.1 Caulked joints. Lead-caulked joints for hub and
spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or
hemp and filled with molten lead not less than 1 inch (25
mm) in depth and not to recede more than 7 8 inch (3.2
mm) below the rim of the hub. Paint, varnish or other coat-
ings shall not be permitted on the jointing material until
after the joint has been tested and approved. Lead shall be
run in one pouring and shall be caulked tight. Acid-resis-
tant rope and acidproof cement shall be permitted.
705.12 Steel. Joints between galvanized steel pipe or fittings
shall comply with Sections 705.12.1 and 705.12.2.
705.12.1 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
705.12.2 Mechanical joints. Joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
705.13 Lead. Joints between lead pipe or fittings shall com-
ply with Sections 705.13.1 and 705.13.2.
705.13.1 Burned. Burned joints shall be uniformly fused
together into one continuous piece. The thickness of the
joint shall be at least as thick as the lead being joined. The
filler metal shall be of the same material as the pipe.
705.13.2 Wiped. Joints shall be fully wiped, with an
exposed surface on each side of the joint not less than 3 / 4
inch (19.1 mm). The joint shall be not less than 3 / g inch
(9.5 mm) thick at the thickest point.
705.14 PVC plastic. Joints between PVC plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 705.14.1 through 705.14.3.
705.14.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drain-
age pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conform-
ing to ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602.
Mechanical joints shall not be installed in above-ground
systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
705.14.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to
ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple
in color and conforming to ASTM D 2564, CSA B 137.3,
CSA B 18 1.2 or CSA B 182.1 shall be applied to all joint
surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet
and shall be in accordance with ASTM D 2855. Solvent-
cement joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
705.14.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
705.15 Vitrified clay. Joints between vitrified clay pipe or
fittings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 425, ASTM C 1 173 or CSA B602.
705.16 Polyethylene plastic pipe. Joints between polyethyl-
ene plastic pipe and fittings shall be underground and shall
comply with Section 705.16.1 or 705.16.2.
705.16.1 Heat-fusion joints. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be cut,
heated to melting temperature and joined using tools spe-
cifically designed for the operation. Joints shall be undis-
turbed until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with
ASTM D 2657 and the manufacturer's instructions.
705.16.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints in drain-
age piping shall be made with an elastomeric seal con-
forming to ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602.
Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
705.17 Polyolefin plastic. Joints between polyolefin plastic
pipe and fittings shall comply with Sections 705.17.1 and
705.17.2.
705.17.1 Heat-fusion joints. Heat-fusion joints for poly-
olefin pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with socket-
type heat-fused polyolefin fittings or electrofusion poly-
olefin fittings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from
moisture. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints
shall be made in accordance with ASTM F 1412 or CSA
B181.3.
705.17.2 Mechanical and compression sleeve joints.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
705.18 Polyvinylidene fluoride plastic. Joints between poly-
vinylidene plastic pipe and fittings shall comply with Sec-
tions 705.18.1 and 705.18.2.
705.18.1 Heat-fusion joints. Heat-fusion joints for poly-
vinylidene fluoride pipe and tubing joints shall be installed
with socket-type heat-fused polyvinylidene fluoride fit-
tings or electrofusion polyvinylidene fittings and cou-
plings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from
moisture. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints
shall be made in accordance with ASTM F 1673.
705.18.2 Mechanical and compression sleeve joints.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
59
SANITARY DRAINAGE
705.19 Joints between different materials. Joints between
different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical
joint of the compression or mechanical-sealing type conform-
ing to ASTM C 1173, ASTM C 1460 or ASTM C 1461. Con-
nectors and adapters shall be approved for the application and
such joints shall have an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 425, ASTM C 443, ASTM C 564, ASTM C 1440,
ASTM D 1869, ASTM F 477, CSA A257.3M or CSA B602,
or as required in Sections 705.19.1 through 705.19.7. Joints
between glass pipe and other types of materials shall be made
with adapters having a TFE seal. Joints shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
705.19.1 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to cast-iron
hub pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
and cast-iron hub pipe shall be made with a brass ferrule
or compression joint. The copper or copper-alloy tubing
shall be soldered to the ferrule in an approved manner, and
the ferrule shall be joined to the cast-iron hub by a caulked
joint or a mechanical compression joint.
705.19.2 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to galvanized
steel pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a brass con-
verter fitting or dielectric fitting. The copper tubing shall
be soldered to the fitting in an approved manner, and the
fitting shall be screwed to the threaded pipe.
705.19.3 Cast-iron pipe to galvanized steel or brass
pipe. Joints between cast-iron and galvanized steel or
brass pipe shall be made by either caulked or threaded
joints or with an approved adapter fitting.
705.19.4 Plastic pipe or tubing to other piping material.
Joints between different types of plastic pipe or between
plastic pipe and other piping material shall be made with
an approved adapter fitting. Joints between plastic pipe
and cast-iron hub pipe shall be made by a caulked joint or
a mechanical compression joint.
705.19.5 Lead pipe to other piping material. Joints
between lead pipe and other piping material shall be made
by a wiped joint to a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, or
bushing or shall be made with an approved adapter fitting.
705.19.6 Borosilicate glass to other materials. Joints
between glass pipe and other types of materials shall be
made with adapters having a TFE seal and shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
705.19.7 Stainless steel drainage systems to other mate-
rials. Joints between stainless steel drainage systems and
other piping materials shall be made with approved
mechanical couplings.
705.20 Drainage slip joints. Slip joints shall comply with
Section 405.8.
705.21 Caulking ferrules. Ferrules shall be of red brass and
shall be in accordance with Table 705.21.
TABLE 705.21
CAULKING FERRULE SPECIFICATIONS
PIPE SIZES
(inches)
INSIDE
DIAMETER
(inches)
LENGTH
(inches)
MINIMUM WEIGHT
EACH
2
2%
4V 2
1 pound
3
3V 4
47,
1 pound 12 ounces
4
4V 4
4%
2 pounds 8 ounces
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
705.22 Soldering bushings. Soldering bushings shall be of
red brass and shall be in accordance with Table 705.22.
TABLE 705.22
SOLDERING BUSHING SPECIFICATIONS
PIPE SIZES
(inches)
MINIMUM WEIGHT
EACH
1V 4
6 ounces
1V 2
8 ounces
2
14 ounces
27,
1 pound 6 ounces
3
2 pounds
4
3 pounds 8 ounces
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, I pound = 0.454 kg.
705.23 Stainless steel drainage systems. O-ring joints for
stainless steel drainage systems shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal.
SECTION 706
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DRAINAGE
PIPING AND FITTINGS
706.1 Connections and changes in direction. All connec-
tions and changes in direction of the sanitary drainage system
shall be made with approved drainage fittings. Connections
between drainage piping and fixtures shall conform to Sec-
tion 405.
706.2 Obstructions. The fittings shall not have ledges, shoul-
ders or reductions capable of retarding or obstructing flow in
the piping. Threaded drainage pipe fittings shall be of the
recessed drainage type. This section shall not be applicable to
tubular waste fittings used to convey vertical flow upstream
of the trap seal liquid level of a fixture trap.
706.3 Installation of fittings. Fittings shall be installed to
guide sewage and waste in the direction of flow. Change in
direction shall be made by fittings installed in accordance
with Table 706.3. Change in direction by combination fit-
tings, side inlets or increasers shall be installed in accordance
with Table 706.3 based on the pattern of flow created by the
fitting. Double sanitary tee patterns shall not receive the dis-
charge of back-to-back water closets and fixtures or appli-
ances with pumping action discharge.
Exception: Back-to-back water closet connections to dou-
ble sanitary tees shall be permitted where the horizontal
developed length between the outlet of the water closet
and the connection to the double sanitary tee pattern is 18
inches (457 mm) or greater.
60
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
SANITARY DRAINAGE
TABLE 706.3
FITTINGS FOR CHANGE IN DIRECTION
TYPE OF FITTING
PATTERN
CHANGE IN DIRECTION
Horizontal to
vertical
Vertical to
horizontal
Horizontal to
horizontal
Sixteenth bend
X
X
X
Eighth bend
X
X
X
Sixth bend
X
X
X
Quarter bend
X
X"
X"
Short sweep
X
X a.b
x a
Long sweep
X
X
x
Sanitary tee
X c
—
—
Wye
X
X
X
Combination wye
and eighth bend
X
X
X
Countersunk heads shall be installed where raised heads are a
trip hazard. Cleanout plugs with borosilicate glass systems
shall be of borosilicate glass.
708.3 Where required. Cleanouts shall be located in accor-
dance with Sections 708.3.1 through 708.3.6.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
a. The fittings shall only be permitted for a 2-inch or smaller fixture drain.
b. Three inches or larger.
c. For a limitation on double sanitary tees, see Section 706.3.
706.4 Heel- or side-inlet quarter bends. Heel-inlet quarter
bends shall be an acceptable means of connection, except
where the quarter bend serves a water closet. A low-heel inlet
shall not be used as a wet-vented connection. Side-inlet quar-
ter bends shall be an acceptable means of connection for
drainage, wet venting and stack venting arrangements.
SECTION 707
PROHIBITED JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
707.1 Prohibited joints. The following types of joints and
connections shall be prohibited:
1 . Cement or concrete joints.
2. Mastic or hot-pour bituminous joints.
3. Joints made with fittings not approved for the specific
installation.
4. Joints between different diameter pipes made with elas-
tomeric rolling O-rings.
5. Solvent-cement joints between different types of plastic
pipe.
6. Saddle-type fittings.
SECTION 708
CLEANOUTS
708.1 Scope. This section shall govern the size, location,
installation and maintenance of drainage pipe cleanouts.
708.2 Cleanout plugs. Cleanout plugs shall be brass or plas-
tic, or other approved materials. Brass cleanout plugs shall be
utilized with metallic drain, waste and vent piping only, and
shall conform to ASTM A 74, ASME Al 12.3.1 or ASME
A112.36.2M. Cleanouts with plate-style access covers shall
be fitted with corrosion-resisting fasteners. Plastic cleanout
plugs shall conform to the requirements of Section 702.4.
Plugs shall have raised square or countersunk square heads.
708.3.1 Horizontal drains within buildings. All horizon-
tal drains shall be provided with cleanouts located not
more than 100 feet (30 480 mm) apart.
708.3.2 Building sewers. Building sewers shall be pro-
vided with cleanouts located not more than 100 feet (30
480 mm) apart measured from the upstream entrance of
the cleanout. For building sewers 8 inches (203 mm) and
larger, manholes shall be provided and located not more
than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from the junction of the build-
ing drain and building sewer, at each change in direction
and at intervals of not more than 400 feet (122 m) apart.
Manholes and manhole covers shall be of an approved
type.
708.3.3 Changes of direction. Cleanouts shall be installed
at each change of direction greater than 45 degrees (0.79
rad) in the building sewer, building drain and horizontal
waste or soil lines. Where more than one change of direc-
tion occurs in a run of piping, only one cleanout shall be
required for each 40 feet (12 1 92 mm) of developed length
of the drainage piping.
708.3.4 Base of stack. A cleanout shall be provided at the
base of each waste or soil stack.
708.3.5 Building drain and building sewer junction.
There shall be a cleanout near the junction of the building
drain and the building sewer. The cleanout shall be either
inside or outside the building wall and shall be brought up
to the finished ground level or to the basement floor level.
An approved two-way cleanout is allowed to be used at
this location to serve as a required cleanout for both the
building drain and building sewer. The cleanout at the
junction of the building drain and building sewer shall not
be required if the cleanout on a 3-inch (76 mm) or larger
diameter soil stack is located within a developed length of
10 feet (3048 mm) of the building drain and building
sewer connection. The minimum size of the cleanout at the
junction of the building drain and building sewer shall
comply with Section 708.7.
708.3.6 Manholes. Manholes serving a building drain
shall have secured gas-tight covers and shall be located in
accordance with Section 708.3.2.
708.4 Concealed piping. Cleanouts on concealed piping or
piping under a floor slab or in a crawl space of less than 24
inches (610 mm) in height or a plenum shall be extended
through and terminate flush with the finished wall, floor or
ground surface or shall be extended to the outside of the
building. Cleanout plugs shall not be covered with cement,
plaster or any other permanent finish material. Where it is
necessary to conceal a cleanout or to terminate a cleanout in
an area subject to vehicular traffic, the covering plate, access
door or cleanout shall be of an approved type designed and
installed for this purpose.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
61
SANITARY DRAINAGE
708.5 Opening direction. Every cleanout shall be installed to
open to allow cleaning in the direction of the flow of the
drainage pipe or at right angles thereto.
708.6 Prohibited installation. Cleanout openings shall not
be utilized for the installation of new fixtures, except where
approved and where another cleanout of equal access and
capacity is provided.
708.7 Minimum size. Cleanouts shall be the same nominal
size as the pipe they serve up to 4 inches (102 mm). For pipes
larger than 4 inches (102 mm) nominal size, the size of the
cleanout shall be not less than 4 inches (102 mm).
Exceptions:
1.
"P" trap connections with slip joints or ground joint
connections, or stack cleanouts that are not more
than one pipe diameter smaller than the drain served,
shall be permitted.
2. Cast-iron cleanout sizing shall be in accordance with
referenced standards in Table 702.4, ASTM A 74
for hub and spigot fittings or ASTM A 888 or CISPI
301 forhubless fittings.
708.8 Clearances. Cleanouts on 6-inch (153 mm) and
smaller pipes shall be provided with a clearance of not less
than 1 8 inches (457 mm) for rodding. Cleanouts on 8-inch
(203 mm) and larger pipes shall be provided with a clearance
of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) for rodding.
708.9 Access. Access shall be provided to all cleanouts.
SECTION 709
FIXTURE UNITS
709.1 Values for fixtures. Drainage fixture unit values as
given in Table 709.1 designate the relative load weight of dif-
ferent kinds of fixtures that shall be employed in estimating
the total load carried by a soil or waste pipe, and shall be used
in connection with Tables 710.1(1) and 710.1(2) of sizes for
soil, waste and vent pipes for which the permissible load is
given in terms of fixture units.
709.2 Fixtures not listed in Table 709.1. Fixtures not listed
in Table 709.1 shall have a drainage fixture unit load based
on the outlet size of the fixture in accordance with Table
709.2. The minimum trap size for unlisted fixtures shall be
the size of the drainage outlet but not less than l'/ 4 inches (32
ram).
TABLE 709.2
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS FOR FIXTURE DRAINS OR TRAPS
FIXTURE DRAIN OR TRAP SIZE
(inches)
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT
VALUE
l'/ 4
1
l'/ 2
2
2
3
2%
4
3
5
4
6
709.3 Values for continuous and semicontinuous flow.
Drainage fixture unit values for continuous and semicontinu-
ous flow into a drainage system shall be computed on the
basis that 1 gpm (0.06 L/s) of flow is equivalent to two fix-
ture units.
709.4 Values for indirect waste receptor. The drainage fix-
ture unit load of an indirect waste receptor receiving the dis-
charge of indirectly connected fixtures shall be the sum of the
drainage fixture unit values of the fixtures that discharge to
the receptor, but not less than the drainage fixture unit value
given for the indirect waste receptor in Table 709.1 or 709.2.
709.4.1 Clear-water waste receptors. Where waste
receptors such as floor drains, floor sinks and hub drains
receive only clear-water waste from display cases, refrig-
erated display cases, ice bins, coolers and freezers, such
receptors shall have a drainage fixture unit value of one-
half.
SECTION 710
DRAINAGE SYSTEM SIZING
710.1 Maximum fixture unit load. The maximum number
of drainage fixture units connected to a given size of building
sewer, building drain or horizontal branch of the building
drain shall be determined using Table 710.1(1). The maxi-
mum number of drainage fixture units connected to a given
size of horizontal branch or vertical soil or waste stack shall
be determined using Table 7 1 0. 1 (2).
TABLE 710.1(1)
BUILDING DRAINS AND SEWERS
DIAMETER OF
PIPE (inches)
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
CONNECTED TO ANY PORTION OF THE BUILDING
DRAIN OR THE BUILDING SEWER, INCLUDING
BRANCHES OF THE BUILDING DRAIN"
Slope per foot
V 16 inch
' / s inch
V 4 inch
7 2 inch
iv 4
—
—
1
1
1V 2
—
—
3
3
2
—
—
21
26
2%
—
—
24
31
3
—
36
42
50
4
—
180
216
250
5
—
390
480
575
6
—
700
840
1,000
8
1,400
1,600
1,920
2,300
10
2,500
2,900
3,500
4,200
12
3,900
4,600
5,600
6,700
15
7,000
8,300
10,000
12,000
For SJ: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/in.
a. The minimum size of any building drain serving a water closet shall be 3
inches.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
62
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
SANITARY DRAINAGE
TABLE 709.1
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS FOR FIXTURES AND GROUPS
FIXTURE TYPE
Automatic clothes washers, commercial 3,8
Automatic clothes washers, residential 2
Bathroom group as defined in Section 202
(1 .6 gpf water closet)'
Bathroom group as defined in Section 202
(water closet flushing greater than 1.6 gpf) f
Bathtub b (with or without overhead shower or whirpool attachments)
Bidet
Combination sink and tray
Dental lavatory
Dental unit or cuspidor
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT
VALUE AS LOAD FACTORS
Dishwashing machine , domestic
Drinking fountain
Emergency floor drain
Floor drains' 1
Floor sinks
Kitchen sink, domestic
Kitchen sink, domestic with food waste grinder and/or dishwasher
Laundry tray (1 or 2 compartments)
Lavatory
Shower (based on the total flow rate through showerheads and body sprays)
Flow rate:
5.7 gpm or less
Greater than 5.7 gpm to 12.3 gpm
Greater than 12.3 gpm to 25.8 gpm
Greater than 25.8 gpm to 55.6 gpm
Service sink
Sink
Urinal
Urinal, 1 gallon per flush or less
Urinal, nonwater supplied
Wash sink (circular or multiple) each set of faucets
Water closet, flushometer tank, public or private
Water closet, private (1 .6 gpf)
Water closet, private (flushing greater than 1 .6 gpf)
Water closet, public (1.6 gpf)
Water closet, public (flushing greater than 1 .6 gpf)
Noteh
4 C
MINIMUM SIZE OF TRAP
(inches)
•'A
i'/ 4
17,
17,
17 4
17,
17,
IV,
17,
17,
I 7,
17 2
2
3
4
17,
17,
Noted
Noted
Noted
17,
Noted
Noted
Noted
Noted
Noted
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, I gallon = 3.785 L, gpf = gallon per flushing cycle, gpm = gallon per minute.
a. For traps larger than 3 inches, use Table 709.2.
b. A showerhead over a bathtub or whirlpool bathtub attachment does not increase the drainage fixture unit value.
c. See Sections 709.2 through 709.4. 1 for methods of computing unit value of fixtures not listed in this table or for rating of devices with intermittent flows.
d. Trap size shall be consistent with the fixture outlet size.
e. For the purpose of computing loads on building drains and sewers, water closets and urinals shall not be rated at a lower drainage fixture unit unless the lower
values are confirmed by testing.
f. For fixtures added to a bathroom group, add the dfu value of those additional fixtures to the bathroom group fixture count. |
g. See Section 406.3 for sizing requirements for fixture drain, branch drain, and drainage stack for an automatic clothes washer standpipe
h. See Sections 709.4 and 709.4.1 .
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
63
SANITARY DRAINAGE
TABLE 710.1(2)
HORIZONTAL FIXTURE BRANCHES AND STACKS"
DIAMETER OF
PIPE (inches)
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
(dfu)
Total for
horizontal
branch
Stacks"
Total
discharge
into one
branch
interval
Total for stack
of three
branch
Intervals or
less
Total for stack
greater than
three branch
intervals
1V 2
3
2
4
8
2
6
6
10
24
27 2
12
9
20
42
3
20
20
48
72
4
160
90
240
500
5
360
200
540
1,100
6
620
350
960
1,900
8
1,400
600
2,200
3,600
10
2,500
1,000
3,800
5,600
12
3,900
1,500
6,000
8,400
15
7,000
Notec
Notec
Notec
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
a. Does not include branches of the building drain. Refer to Table 710.1(1).
b. Stacks shall be sized based on the total accumulated connected load at
each story or branch interval. As the total accumulated connected load
decreases, stacks are permitted to be reduced in size. Stack diameters shall
not be reduced to less than one-half of the diameter of the largest stack
size required.
c. Sizing load based on design criteria.
710.1.1 Horizontal stack offsets. Horizontal stack offsets
shall be sized as required for building drains in accordance
with Table 710.1(1), except as required by Section 711.3.
710.1.2 Vertical stack offsets. Vertical stack offsets shall
be sized as required for straight stacks in accordance with
Table 710.1(2), except where required to be sized as a
building drain in accordance with Section 711.1.1.
710.2 Future fixtures. Where provision is made for the
future installation of fixtures, those provided for shall be con-
sidered in determining the required sizes of drain pipes.
SECTION 711
OFFSETS IN DRAINAGE PIPING IN
BUILDINGS OF FIVE STORIES OR MORE
711.1 Horizontal branch connections above or below ver-
tical stack offsets. If a horizontal branch connects to the
stack within 2 feet (610 mm) above or below a vertical stack
offset, and the offset is located more than four branch inter-
vals below the top of the stack, the offset shall be vented in
accordance with Section 906.
711.1.1 Omission of vents for vertical stack offsets.
Vents for vertical offsets required by Section 711.1 shall
not be required where the stack and its offset are sized as a
building drain [see Table 710.1(1)].
711.2 Horizontal stack offsets. A stack with a horizontal
offset located more than four branch intervals below the top
of the stack shall be vented in accordance with Section 907 §
and sized as follows:
1. The portion of the stack above the offset shall be sized
as for a vertical stack based on the total number of
drainage fixture units above the offset.
2. The offset shall be sized in accordance with Section
710.1.1.
3. The portion of the stack below the offset shall be sized
as for the offset or based on the total number of drain-
age fixture units on the entire stack, whichever is larger
[see Table 710.1(2), Column 5],
711.2.1 Omission of vents for horizontal stack offsets.
Vents for horizontal stack offsets required by Section
711.2 shall not be required where the stack and its offset
are one pipe size larger than required for a building drain
[see Table 710.1(1)] and the entire stack and offset are not
less in cross- sectional area than that required for a straight
stack plus the area of an offset vent as provided for in Sec-
tion 907. 1
711.3 Offsets below lowest branch. Where a vertical offset
occurs in a soil or waste stack below the lowest horizontal
branch, a change in diameter of the stack because of the off-
set shall not be required. If a horizontal offset occurs in a soil
or waste stack below the lowest horizontal branch, the
required diameter of the offset and the stack below it shall be
determined as for a building drain in accordance with Table
710.1(1).
SECTION 712
SUMPS AND EJECTORS
712.1 Building subdrains. Building subdrains that cannot be
discharged to the sewer by gravity flow shall be discharged
into a tightly covered and vented sump from which the liquid
shall be lifted and discharged into the building gravity drain-
age system by automatic pumping equipment or other
approved method. In other than existing structures, the sump
shall not receive drainage from any piping within the building
capable of being discharged by gravity to the building sewer.
712.2 Valves required. A check valve and a full open valve
located on the discharge side of the check valve shall be
installed in the pump or ejector discharge piping between the
pump or ejector and the gravity drainage system. Access shall
be provided to such valves. Such valves shall be located
above the sump cover required by Section 712.1 or, where the
discharge pipe from the ejector is below grade, the valves
shall be accessibly located outside the sump below grade in
an access pit with a removable access cover.
712.3 Sump design. The sump pump, pit and discharge pip-
ing shall conform to the requirements of Sections 712.3.1
through 7 12.3.5.
712.3.1 Sump pump. The sump pump capacity and head
shall be appropriate to anticipated use requirements.
712.3.2 Sump pit. The sump pit shall be not less than 18
inches (457 mm) in diameter and not less than 24 inches
(610 mm) in depth, unless otherwise approved. The pit
shall be accessible and located such that all drainage flows
64
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 18
SANITARY DRAINAGE
into the pit by gravity. The sump pit shall be constructed
of tile, concrete, steel, plastic or other approved materials.
The pit bottom shall be solid and provide permanent sup-
port for the pump. The sump pit shall be fitted with a gas-
tight removable cover adequate to support anticipated
loads in the area of use. The sump pit shall be vented in
accordance with Chapter 9.
712.3.3 Discharge pipe and fittings. Discharge pipe and
fittings serving sump pumps and ejectors shall be con-
structed of materials in accordance with Sections
712.3.3.1 and 712.3.3.2 and shall be approved.
712.3.3.1 Materials. Pipe and fitting materials shall be
constructed of brass, copper, CPVC, ductile iron, PE,
or PVC.
712.3.3.2 Ratings. Pipe and fittings shall be rated for
the maximum system operating pressure and tempera-
ture. Pipe fitting materials shall be compatible with the
pipe material. Where pipe and fittings are buried in the
earth, they shall be suitable for burial.
712.3.4 Maximum effluent level. The effluent level con-
trol shall be adjusted and maintained to at all times prevent
the effluent in the sump from rising to within 2 inches (5 1
mm) of the invert of the gravity drain inlet into the sump.
712.3.5. Pump connection to the drainage system.
Pumps connected to the drainage system shall connect
to a building sewer, building drain, soil stack, waste
stack or horizontal branch drain. Where the discharge
line connects into horizontal drainage piping, the con-
nection shall be made through a wye fitting into the top
of the drainage piping and such wye fitting shall be
located not less than 10 pipe diameters from the base of
any soil stack, waste stack or fixture drain.
712.4 Sewage pumps and sewage ejectors. A sewage pump
or sewage ejector shall automatically discharge the contents
of the sump to the building drainage system.
712.4.1 Macerating toilet systems. Macerating toilet sys-
tems shall comply with CSA B45.9 or ASME Al 12.3.4
and shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer's installation instructions.
712.4.2 Capacity. A sewage pump or sewage ejector shall
have the capacity and head for the application require-
ments. Pumps or ejectors that receive the discharge of
water closets shall be capable of handling spherical solids
with a diameter of up to and including 2 inches (51 mm).
Other pumps or ejectors shall be capable of handling
spherical solids with a diameter of up to and including 1
inch (25.4 mm). The capacity of a pump or ejector based
on the diameter of the discharge pipe shall be not less than
that indicated in Table 712.4.2.
Exceptions:
1. Grinder pumps or grinder ejectors that receive
the discharge of water closets shall have a dis-
charge opening of not less than l'/ 4 inches (32
mm).
2. Macerating toilet assemblies that serve single
water closets shall have a discharge opening of
not less than 3 / 4 inch (19 mm).
TABLE 712.4.2
MINIMUM CAPACITY OF SEWAGE PUMP OR SEWAGE EJECTOR
DIAMETER OF THE DISCHARGE
PIPE (inches)
CAPACITY OF PUMP OR EJECTOR
(gpm)
2
21
27,
30
3
46
...
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
SECTION 713
HEALTH CARE PLUMBING
713.1 Scope. This section shall govern those aspects of health
care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in
other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform
to this section in addition to the other requirements of this
code. The provisions of this section shall apply to the special
devices and equipment installed and maintained in the fol-
lowing occupancies: nursing homes; homes for the aged;
orphanages; infirmaries; first aid stations; psychiatric facili-
ties; clinics; professional offices of dentists and doctors; mor-
tuaries; educational facilities; surgery, dentistry, research and
testing laboratories; establishments manufacturing pharma-
ceutical drugs and medicines; and other structures with simi-
lar apparatus and equipment classified as plumbing.
713.2 Bedpan washers and clinical sinks. Bedpan washers
and clinical sinks shall connect to the drainage and vent sys-
tem in accordance with the requirements for a water closet.
Bedpan washers shall also connect to a local vent.
713.3 Indirect waste. All sterilizers, steamers and condens-
ers shall discharge to the drainage through an indirect waste
pipe by means of an air gap. Where a battery of not more
than three sterilizers discharges to an individual receptor, the
distance between the receptor and a sterilizer shall not exceed
8 feet (2438 mm). The indirect waste pipe on a bedpan
steamer shall be trapped.
713.4 Vacuum system station. Ready access shall be pro-
vided to vacuum system station receptacles. Such receptacles
shall be built into cabinets or recesses and shall be visible.
713.5 Bottle system. Vacuum (fluid suction) systems
intended for collecting, removing and disposing of blood, pus
or other fluids by the bottle system shall be provided with
receptacles equipped with an overflow prevention device at
each vacuum outlet station.
713.6 Central disposal system equipment. All central vac-
uum (fluid suction) systems shall provide continuous service.
Systems equipped with collecting or control tanks shall pro-
vide for draining and cleaning of the tanks while the system is
in operation. In hospitals, the system shall be connected to the
emergency power system. The exhausts from a vacuum pump
serving a vacuum (fluid suction) system shall discharge sepa-
rately to open air above the roof.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
65
SANITARY DRAINAGE
713.7 Central vacuum or disposal systems. Where the
waste from a central vacuum (fluid suction) system of the
barometric-lag, collection-tank or bottle-disposal type is con-
nected to the drainage system, the waste shall be directly con-
nected to the sanitary drainage system through a trapped
waste.
713.7.1 Piping. The piping of a central vacuum (fluid suc-
tion) system shall be of corrosion-resistant material with a
smooth interior surface. A branch shall not be less than 7 2
inch (12.7 mm) nominal pipe size for one outlet and shall
be sized in accordance with the number of vacuum outlets.
A main shall not be less than 1-inch (25 mm) nominal pipe
size. The pipe sizing shall be increased in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions as stations are increased.
713.7.2 Velocity. The velocity of airflow in a central vac-
uum (fluid suction) system shall be less than 5,000 feet per
minute (25 m/s).
713.8 Vent connections prohibited. Connections between
local vents serving bedpan washers or sterilizer vents serving
sterilizing apparatus and normal sanitary plumbing systems
are prohibited. Only one type of apparatus shall be served by
a local vent.
713.9 Local vents and stacks for bedpan washers. Bedpan
washers shall be vented to open air above the roof by means
of one or more local vents. The local vent for a bedpan
washer shall not be less than a 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) pipe.
A local vent serving a single bedpan washer is permitted to
drain to the fixture served.
713.9.1 Multiple installations. Where bedpan washers
are located above each other on more than one floor, a
local vent stack is permitted to be installed to receive the
local vent on the various floors. Not more than three bed-
pan washers shall be connected to a 2-inch (51 mm) local
vent stack, not more than six to a 3-inch (76 mm) local
vent stack and not more than 12 to a 4-inch (102 mm)
local vent stack. In multiple installations, the connections
between a bedpan washer local vent and a local vent stack
shall be made with tee or tee-wye sanitary pattern drainage
fittings installed in an upright position.
713.9.2 Trap required. The bottom of the local vent
stack, except where serving only one bedpan washer, shall
be drained by means of a trapped and vented waste con-
nection to the sanitary drainage system. The trap and
waste shall be the same size as the local vent stack.
713.9.3 Trap seal maintenance. A water supply pipe not
less than 7 4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter shall be taken from
the flush supply of each bedpan washer on the discharge or
fixture side of the vacuum breaker, shall be trapped to
form not less than a 3-inch (76 mm) water seal, and shall
be connected to the local vent stack on each floor. The
water supply shall be installed so as to provide a supply of
water to the local vent stack for cleansing and drain trap
seal maintenance each time a bedpan washer is flushed.
713.10 Sterilizer vents and stacks. Multiple installations of
pressure and nonpressure sterilizers shall have the vent con-
nections to the sterilizer vent stack made by means of
inverted wye fittings. Access shall be provided to vent con-
nections for the purpose of inspection and maintenance.
713.10.1 Drainage. The connection between sterilizer
vent or exhaust openings and the sterilizer vent stack shall
be designed and installed to drain to the funnel or basket-
type waste fitting. In multiple installations, the sterilizer
vent stack shall be drained separately to the lowest steril-
izer funnel or basket-type waste fitting or receptor.
713.11 Sterilizer vent stack sizes. Sterilizer vent stack sizes
shall comply with Sections 713.11.1 through 713.11.4.
713.11.1 Bedpan steamers. The minimum size of a steril-
izer vent serving a bedpan steamer shall be 1 7 2 inches (38
mm) in diameter. Multiple installations shall be sized in
accordance with Table 713.11.1.
TABLE 713.11.1
STACK SIZES FOR BEDPAN STEAMERS AND BOILING-TYPE
STERILIZERS (Number of Connections of Various Sizes
Permitted to Various-sized Sterilizer Vent Stacks)
STACK SIZE
(inches)
CONNECTION SIZE
IV
2"
17/
1
or
T
2
or
1
2 b
1
and
1
y
4
or
2
3 b
2
and
2
4 a
8
or
4
4 b
4
and
4
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
a. Total of each size.
b. Combination of sizes.
713.11.2 Boiling-type sterilizers. The size of a sterilizer
vent stack shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) in diam-
eter where serving a utensil sterilizer and not less than 1 7 2
inches (38 mm) in diameter where serving an instrument
sterilizer. Combinations of boiling-type sterilizer vent
connections shall be sized in accordance with Table
713.11.1.
713.11.3 Pressure sterilizers. Pressure sterilizer vent
stacks shall be 27 2 inches (64 mm) minimum. Those serv-
ing combinations of pressure sterilizer exhaust connec-
tions shall be sized in accordance with Table 713.11.3.
713.11.4 Pressure instrument washer sterilizer sizes.
The diameter of a sterilizer vent stack serving an instru-
ment washer sterilizer shall be not less than 2 inches (51
mm). Not more than two sterilizers shall be installed on a
2-inch (51 mm) stack, and not more than four sterilizers
shall be installed on a 3-inch (76 mm) stack.
66
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
TABLE 713.11.3
STACK SIZES FOR PRESSURE STERILIZERS
(Number of Connections of Various Sizes
Permitted To Various-sized Vent Stacks)
STACK
SIZE
(inches)
CONNECTION SIZE
3, „
'A
1"
1V 4 "
1V
17/
3 or
2 or
1
—
I7 2 b
2 and
1
—
—
T
6 or
3 or
2 or
1
2 b
3 and
2
—
—
2 h
2 and
1 and
1
—
2"
1 and
1 and
—
1
3 a
15 or
7 or
5 or
3
3 b
1 and
1 and
5 and
2 and
2
1
For SI: ) inch = 25.4 mm.
a. Total of each size.
b. Combination of sizes.
SECTION 714
COMPUTERIZED DRAINAGE DESIGN
714.1 Design of drainage system. The sizing, design and
layout of the drainage system shall be permitted to be
designed by approved computer design methods.
714.2 Load on drainage system. The load shall be computed
from the simultaneous or sequential discharge conditions
from fixtures, appurtenances and appliances or the peak
usage design condition.
714.2.1 Fixture discharge profiles. The discharge pro-
files for flow rates versus time from fixtures and appli-
ances shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's
specifications.
714.3 Selections of drainage pipe sizes. Pipe shall be sized
to prevent full-bore flow.
714.3.1 Selecting pipe wall roughness. Pipe size calcula-
tions shall be conducted with the pipe wall roughness fac-
tor (ks), in accordance with the manufacturer's
specifications and as modified for aging roughness factors
with deposits and corrosion.
714.3.2 Slope of horizontal drainage piping. Horizontal
drainage piping shall be designed and installed at slopes in
accordance with Table 704. 1 .
SECTION 715
BACKWATER VALVES
715.1 Sewage backflow. Where plumbing fixtures are
installed on a floor with a finished floor elevation below the
elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream manhole
in the public sewer, such fixtures shall be protected by a
backwater valve installed in the building drain, or horizontal
branch serving such fixtures. Plumbing fixtures installed on a
floor with a finished floor elevation above the elevation of the
manhole cover of the next upstream manhole in the public
sewer shall not discharge through a backwater valve.
SANITARY DRAINAGE
715.2 Material. All bearing parts of backwater valves shall
be of corrosion-resistant material. Backwater valves shall
comply with ASME Al 12. 14.1, CSA B 181.1 or CSA
B181.2.
715.3 Seal. Backwater valves shall be so constructed as to
provide a mechanical seal against backflow.
715.4 Diameter. Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall
have a capacity not less than that of the pipes in which they
are installed.
715.5 Location. Backwater valves shall be installed so that
access is provided to the working parts for service and repair.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
67
68 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 8
llMLIIrflZw I/wrCvIAL W#%5> B t
SECTION 801
GENERAL
801.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern matters concerning
indirect waste piping and special wastes. This chapter shall
further control matters concerning food-handling establish-
ments, sterilizers, clear-water wastes, swimming pools, meth-
ods of providing air breaks or air gaps, and neutralizing
devices for corrosive wastes.
801.2 Protection. Devices, appurtenances, appliances and
apparatus intended to serve some special function, such as
sterilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice
or foods, and that discharge to the drainage system, shall be
provided with protection against backflow, flooding, fouling,
contamination and stoppage of the drain.
SECTION 802
INDIRECT WASTES
802.1 Where required. Food-handling equipment and clear-
water waste shall discharge through an indirect waste pipe as
specified in Sections 802.1.1 through 802.1.8. All health-care
related fixtures, devices and equipment shall discharge to the
drainage system through an indirect waste pipe by means of
an air gap in accordance with this chapter and Section 713.3.
Fixtures not required by this section to be indirectly con-
nected shall be directly connected to the plumbing system in
accordance with Chapter 7.
802.1.1 Food handling. Equipment and fixtures utilized
for the storage, preparation and handling of food shall dis-
charge through an indirect waste pipe by means of an air
gap.
802.1.2 Floor drains in food storage areas. Floor drains
located within walk-in refrigerators or freezers in food ser-
vice and food establishments shall be indirectly connected
to the sanitary drainage system by means of an air gap.
Where a floor drain is located within an area subject to
freezing, the waste line serving the floor drain shall not be
trapped and shall indirectly discharge into a waste receptor
located outside of the area subject to freezing.
Exception: Where protected against backflow by a
backwater valve, such floor drains shall be indirectly
connected to the sanitary drainage system by means of
an air break or an air gap.
802.1.3 Potable clear-water waste. Where devices and
equipment, such as sterilizers and relief valves, discharge
potable water to the building drainage system, the dis-
charge shall be through an indirect waste pipe by means of
an air gap.
802.1.4 Swimming pools. Where waste water from swim-
ming pools, backwash from filters and water from pool
deck drains discharge to the building drainage system, the
discharge shall be through an indirect waste pipe by means
of an air gap.
802.1.5 Nonpotable clear- water waste. Where devices
and equipment such as process tanks, filters, drips and
boilers discharge nonpotable water to the building drain-
age system, the discharge shall be through an indirect
waste pipe by means of an air break or an air gap.
802.1.6 Domestic dishwashing machines. Domestic
dishwashing machines shall discharge indirectly through
an air gap or air break into a standpipe or waste receptor
in accordance with Section 802.2, or discharge into a wye-
branch fitting on the tailpiece of the kitchen sink or the
dishwasher connection of a food waste grinder. The waste
line of a domestic dishwashing machine discharging into a
kitchen sink tailpiece or food waste grinder shall connect
to a deck-mounted air gap or the waste line shall rise and
be securely fastened to the underside of the sink rim or
counter.
802. J. 7 Commercial dishwashing machines. The dis-
charge from a commercial dishwashing machine shall be
through an air gap or air break into a standpipe or waste
receptor in accordance with Section 802.2.
802.1.8 Food utensils, dishes, pots and pans sinks. Sinks
used for the washing, rinsing or sanitizing of utensils,
dishes, pots, pans or service ware used in the preparation,
serving or eating of food shall discharge indirectly through
an air gap or an air break to the drainage system. |
802.2 Installation. Indirect waste piping shall discharge
through an air gap or air break into a waste receptor. Waste |
receptors and standpipes shall be trapped and vented and
shall connect to the building drainage system. All indirect
waste piping that exceeds 30 inches (762 mm) in developed I
length measured horizontally, or 54 inches (1372 mm) in total §
developed length, shall be trapped.
Exception: Where a waste receptor receives only clear- 1
water waste and does not directly connect to a sanitary j
drainage system, the receptor shall not require a trap. |
802.2.1 Air gap. The air gap between the indirect waste
pipe and the flood level rim of the waste receptor shall be
not less than twice the effective opening of the indirect
waste pipe.
802.2.2 Air break. An air break shall be provided
between the indirect waste pipe and the trap seal of the
waste receptor or standpipe.
802.3 Waste receptors. Waste receptors shall be of an
approved type. A removable strainer or basket shall cover the
waste outlet of waste receptors. Waste receptors shall be
installed in ventilated spaces. Waste receptors shall not be
installed in bathrooms, toilet rooms, plenums, crawl spaces, 1
attics, interstitial spaces above ceilings and below floors or in 1
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
69
INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE
any inaccessible or unventilated space such as a closet or
storeroom. Ready access shall be provided to waste receptors.
802.3.1 Size of receptors. A waste receptor shall be sized
for the maximum discharge of all indirect waste pipes
served by the receptor. Receptors shall be installed to pre-
vent splashing or flooding.
802.3.2 Open hub waste receptors. Waste receptors shall
be permitted in the form of a hub or pipe extending not
less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) above a water-impervious floor
and are not required to have a strainer.
802.4 Standpipes. Standpipes shall be individually trapped.
Standpipes shall extend not less than 18 inches (457 mm) but
not greater than 42 inches (1066 mm) above the trap weir.
Access shall be provided to all standpipes and drains for rod-
ding.
SECTION 803
SPECIAL WASTES
803.1 Waste water temperature. Steam pipes shall not con-
nect to any part of a drainage or plumbing system and water
above 140°F (60°C) shall not be discharged into any part of a
drainage system. Such pipes shall discharge into an indirect
waste receptor connected to the drainage system.
803.2 Neutralizing device required for corrosive wastes.
Corrosive liquids, spent acids or other harmful chemicals that
destroy or injure a drain, sewer, soil or waste pipe, or create
noxious or toxic fumes or interfere with sewage treatment
processes shall not be discharged into the plumbing system
without being thoroughly diluted, neutralized or treated by
passing through an approved dilution or neutralizing device.
Such devices shall be automatically provided with a suffi-
cient supply of diluting water or neutralizing medium so as to
make the contents noninjurious before discharge into the
drainage system. The nature of the corrosive or harmful waste
and the method of its treatment or dilution shall be approved
prior to installation.
803.3 System design. A chemical drainage and vent system
shall be designed and installed in accordance with this code.
Chemical drainage and vent systems shall be completely sep-
arated from the sanitary systems. Chemical waste shall not
discharge to a sanitary drainage system until such waste has
been treated in accordance with Section 803.2.
SECTION 804
MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
804.1 General. The materials and methods utilized for the
construction and installation of indirect waste pipes and sys-
tems shall comply with the applicable provisions of Chapter
7.
70
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 9
VENTS
(Note that Chapter 9 has been reorganized to present the main sections in a more logical order. For clarity of presenta-
tion, the star and double-star scheme normally used to indicate text that has been relocated was not used for this text
reorganization.)
SECTION 901
GENERAL
901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of vent sys-
tems.
901.2 Trap seal protection. The plumbing system shall be
provided with a system of vent piping that will permit the
admission or emission of air so that the seal of any fixture
trap shall not be subjected to a pneumatic pressure differen-
tial of more than 1 inch of water column (249 Pa).
901.2.1 Venting required. Traps and trapped fixtures
shall be vented in accordance with one of the venting
methods specified in this chapter.
901.3 Chemical waste vent systems. The vent system for a
chemical waste system shall be independent of the sanitary
vent system and shall terminate separately through the roof to
the outdoors or to an air admittance valve that complies with
ASSE 1049. Air admittance valves for chemical waste sys-
tems shall be constructed of materials approved in accor-
dance with Section 702.5 and shall be tested for chemical
resistance in accordance with ASTM F 1412.
901.4 Use limitations. The plumbing vent system shall not
be utilized for purposes other than the venting of the plumb-
ing system.
901.5 Tests. The vent system shall be tested in accordance
with Section 312.
901.6 Engineered systems. Engineered venting systems
shall conform to the provisions of Section 919.
SECTION 902
MATERIALS
902.1 Vents. The materials and methods utilized for the con-
struction and installation of venting systems shall comply
with the applicable provisions of Section 702.
902.2 Sheet copper. Sheet copper for vent pipe flashings
shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not less than 8
ounces per square foot (2.5 kg/m 2 ).
902.3 Sheet lead. Sheet lead for vent pipe flashings shall
weigh not less than 3 pounds per square foot (15 kg/m 2 ) for
field-constructed flashings and not less than 2'/ 2 pounds per
square foot (12 kg/m 2 ) for prefabricated flashings.
SECTION 903
VENT TERMINALS
903.1 Roof extension. Open vent pipes that extend through a
roof shall be terminated not less than [number] inches (mm)
above the roof, except that where a roof is to be used for any
purpose other than weather protection, the vent extensions
shall terminate not less than 7 feet (2134 mm) above the roof.
903.2 Frost closure. Where the 97.5-percent value for out-
side design temperature is 0°F (-18°C) or less, every vent
extension through a roof or wall shall be not less than 3
inches (76 mm) in diameter. Any increase in the size of the
vent shall be made inside the structure at a point not less than
1 foot (305 mm) below the roof or inside the wall.
903.3 Flashings. The juncture of each vent pipe with the roof
line shall be made water-tight by an approved flashing.
903.4 Prohibited use. A vent terminal shall not be used for
any purpose other than a vent terminal.
903.5 Location of vent terminal. An open vent terminal
from a drainage system shall not be located directly beneath
any door, openable window, or other air intake opening of the
building or of an adjacent building, and any such vent termi-
nal shall not be within 1 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of such
an opening unless it is 3 feet (914 mm) or more above the top
of such opening.
903.6 Extension through the wall. Vent terminals extending
through the wall shall terminate at a point not less than 10
feet (3048 mm) from a lot line and not less than 1 feet (3048
mm) above average ground level. Vent terminals shall not
terminate under the overhang of a structure with soffit vents.
Side wall vent terminals shall be protected to prevent birds or
rodents from entering or blocking the vent opening.
903.7 Extension outside a structure. In climates where the
97.5-percent value for outside design temperature is less than
0°F (-18°C), vent pipes installed on the exterior of the struc-
ture shall be protected against freezing by insulation, heat or
both.
SECTION 904
OUTDOOR VENT EXTENSIONS
904.1 Required vent extension. The vent system serving
each building drain shall have not less than one vent pipe that
extends to the outdoors.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
71
VENTS
904.1.1 Installation. The required vent shall be a dry vent
that connects to the building drain or an extension of a
drain that connects to the building drain. Such vent shall
not be an island fixture vent as allowed by Section 916.
904.1.2 Size. The required vent shall be sized in accor-
dance with Section 906.2 based on the required size of the
building drain.
904.2 Vent stack required. A vent stack shall be required for
every drainage stack that has five branch intervals or more.
Exception: Drainage stacks installed in accordance with
Section 913.
904.3 Vent termination. Vent stacks or stack vents shall ter-
minate outdoors to the open air or to a stack-type air admit-
tance valve in accordance with Section 918.
904.4 Vent connection at base. Vent stacks shall connect to
the base of the drainage stack. The vent stack shall connect at
or below the lowest horizontal branch. Where the vent stack
connects to the building drain, the connection shall be located
downstream of the drainage stack and within a distance of 10
times the diameter of the drainage stack.
904.5 Vent headers. Stack vents and vent stacks connected
into a common vent header at the top of the stacks and
extending to the open air at one point shall be sized in accor-
| dance with the requirements of Section 906. 1 . The number of
fixture units shall be the sum of all fixture units on all stacks
connected thereto, and the developed length shall be the lon-
gest vent length from the intersection at the base of the most
distant stack to the vent terminal in the open air, as a direct
extension of one stack.
SECTION 905
VENT CONNECTIONS AND GRADES
905.1 Connection. All individual, branch and circuit vents
shall connect to a vent stack, stack vent, air admittance valve
or extend to the open air.
905.2 Grade. All vent and branch vent pipes shall be so
graded and connected as to drain back to the drainage pipe by
gravity.
905.3 Vent connection to drainage system. Every dry vent
connecting to a horizontal drain shall connect above the cen-
terline of the horizontal drain pipe.
905.4 Vertical rise of vent. Every dry vent shall rise verti-
cally to a point not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the
flood level rim of the highest trap or trapped fixture being
vented.
Exception: Vents for interceptors located outdoors.
905.5 Height above fixtures. A connection between a vent
pipe and a vent stack or stack vent shall be made at not less
than 6 inches (1 52 mm) above the flood level rim of the high-
est fixture served by the vent. Horizontal vent pipes forming
branch vents, relief vents or loop vents shall be located not
less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood level rim of the
highest fixture served.
905.6 Vent for future fixtures. Where the drainage piping
has been roughed-in for future fixtures, a rough-in connection
for a vent shall be installed. The vent size shall be not less
than one-half the diameter of the rough-in drain to be served.
The vent rough-in shall connect to the vent system, or shall be
vented by other means as provided for in this chapter. The
connection shall be identified to indicate that it is a vent.
SECTION 906
VENT PIPE SIZING
906.1 Size of stack vents and vent stacks. The minimum
required diameter of stack vents and vent stacks shall be
determined from the developed length and the total of drain-
age fixture units connected thereto in accordance with Table
906.1, but in no case shall the diameter be less than one-half
the diameter of the drain served or less than 1 V 4 inches (32
mm).
906.2 Vents other than stack vents or vent stacks. The
diameter of individual vents, branch vents, circuit vents and
relief vents shall be not less than one-half the required diame-
ter of the drain served. The required size of the drain shall be
determined in accordance with Table 710.1(2). Vent pipes
shall not be less than 1 V 4 inches (32 mm) in diameter. Vents
exceeding 40 feet (12 192 mm) in developed length shall be
increased by one nominal pipe size for the entire developed
length of the vent pipe. Relief vents for soil and waste stacks
in buildings having more than 10 branch intervals shall be
sized in accordance with Section 908.2.
906.3 Developed length. The developed length of individual,
branch, circuit and relief vents shall be measured from the
farthest point of vent connection to the drainage system to the
point of connection to the vent stack, stack vent or termina-
tion outside of the building.
906.4 Multiple branch vents. Where multiple branch vents
are connected to a common branch vent, the common branch
vent shall be sized in accordance with this section based on
the size of the common horizontal drainage branch that is or
would be required to serve the total drainage fixture unit
(dfu) load being vented.
906.5 Sump vents. Sump vent sizes shall be determined in
accordance with Sections 906.5.1 and 906.5.2.
906.5.1 Sewage pumps and sewage ejectors other than
pneumatic. Drainage piping below sewer level shall be
vented in the same manner as that of a gravity system. 1
Building sump vent sizes for sumps with sewage pumps or
sewage ejectors, other than pneumatic, shall be determined
in accordance with Table 906.5.1.
906.5.2 Pneumatic sewage ejectors. The air pressure
relief pipe from a pneumatic sewage ejector shall be con-
nected to an independent vent stack terminating as
required for vent extensions through the roof. The relief
pipe shall be sized to relieve air pressure inside the ejector
to atmospheric pressure, but shall not be less than l'/ 4
inches (32 mm) in size.
72
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
VENTS
TABLE 906.1
SIZE AND DEVELOPED LENGTH OF STACK VENTS AND VENT STACKS
DIAMETER OF SOIL
OR WASTE STACK
(inches)
TOTAL FIXTURE UNITS
BEING VENTED (dfu)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPED LENGTH OF VENT (feet) a
DIAMETER OF VENT (inches)
1V 4
1V,
2
2%
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
l'/ 4
1%
1%
2
8
10
30
50
30
150
100
2
2
27,
12
20
42
30
26
75
50
30
200
150
100
300
3
3
3
10
21
53
—
42
32
27
150
110
94
360
270
230
1,040
810
680
3
4
4
102
43
140
—
25
86
35
27
210
85
65
620
250
200
980
750
—
—
—
—
—
4
4
5
320
540
190
—
—
23
21
55
50
28
170
150
82
640
580
320
990
—
—
—
—
5
5
5
490
940
1,400
—
—
—
21
18
16
63
53
49
250
210
190
760
670
590
—
—
—
—
6
6
6
500
1,100
2,000
—
—
—
—
33
26
22
130
100
84
400
310
260
1,000
780
660
—
—
—
6
8
8
2,900
1,800
3,400
—
—
—
—
20
77
31
24
240
95
73
600
240
190
940
729
—
—
8
8
10
5,600
7,600
4,000
20
18
62
56
31
160
140
78
610
560
310
960
—
10
10
10
7,200
11,000
15,000
—
—
—
—
—
—
24
20
18
60
51
46
240
200
180
740
630
571
—
12
12
12
7,300
13,000
20,000
31
24
20
120
94
79
380
300
250
940
720
610
12
15
15
26,000
15,000
25,000
—
18
72
40
31
230
130
96
500
310
240
15
15
38,000
50,000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
26
24
81
74
200
180
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
a.The developed length shall be measured from the vent connection to the open air.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
73
VENTS
TABLE 906.5.1
SIZE AND LENGTH OF SUMP VENTS
DISCHARGE CAPACITY OF
PUMP
(gpm)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPED LENGTH OF VENT (feet)"
Diameter of vent (inches)
IV,
IV,
2
2%
3
4
10
No limit"
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
20
270
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
40
72
160
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
60
31
75
270
No limit
No limit
No limit
80
16
41
150
380
No limit
No limit
100
10 c
25
97
250
No limit
No limit
150
Not permitted
10 c
44
110
370
No limit
200
Not permitted
Not permitted
20
60
210
No limit
250
Not permitted
Not permitted
10
36
132
No limit
300
Not permitted
Not permitted
10 c
22
88
380
400
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
10 c
44
210
500
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
24
130
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
a. Developed length plus an appropriate allowance for entrance losses and friction due to fittings, changes in direction and diameter. Suggested allowances shall
be obtained from NBS Monograph 3 1 or other approved sources. An allowance of 50 percent of the developed length shall be assumed if a more precise value
is not available.
b. Actual values greater than 500 feet.
c. Less than 10 feet.
SECTION 907
VENTS FOR STACK OFFSETS
907.1 Vent for horizontal offset of drainage stack. Hori-
zontal offsets of drainage stacks shall be vented where five or
more branch intervals are located above the offset. The offset
shall be vented by venting the upper section of the drainage
stack and the lower section of the drainage stack.
907.2 Upper section. The upper section of the drainage stack
shall be vented as a separate stack with a vent stack connec-
tion installed in accordance with Section 904.4. The offset
shall be considered the base of the stack.
907.3 Lower section. The lower section of the drainage stack
shall be vented by a yoke vent connecting between the offset
and the next lower horizontal branch. The yoke vent connec-
tion shall be permitted to be a vertical extension of the drain-
age stack. The size of the yoke vent and connection shall be a
minimum of the size required for the vent stack of the drain-
age stack.
SECTION 908
RELIEF VENTS— STACKS OF MORE THAN 10
BRANCH INTERVALS
908.1 Where required. Soil and waste stacks in buildings
having more than 1 branch intervals shall be provided with
a relief vent at each tenth interval installed, beginning with
the top floor.
908.2 Size and connection. The size of the relief vent shall
be equal to the size of the vent stack to which it connects. The
lower end of each relief vent shall connect to the soil or waste
stack through a wye below the horizontal branch serving the
floor, and the upper end shall connect to the vent stack
through a wye not less than 3 feet (914 mm) above the floor.
SECTION 909
FIXTURE VENTS
909.1 Distance of trap from vent. Each fixture trap shall
have a protecting vent located so that the slope and the devel-
oped length in the fixture drain from the trap weir to the vent
fitting are within the requirements set forth in Table 909.1 .
Exception: The developed length of the fixture drain from
the trap weir to the vent fitting for self-siphoning fixtures,
such as water closets, shall not be limited.
TABLE 909.1
MAXIMUM DISTANCE OF FIXTURE TRAP FROM VENT
SIZE OF TRAP
(inches)
SLOPE
(inch per foot)
DISTANCE FROM TRAP
(feet)
l'/ 4
'4
5
l'/ 2
]/
M
6
2
'4
8
3
J /
'8
12
4
)/
'8
16
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.
909.2 Venting of fixture drains. The total fall in a fixture
drain due to pipe slope shall not exceed the diameter of the
fixture drain, nor shall the vent connection to & fixture drain,
except for water closets, be below the weir of the trap.
909.3 Crown vent. A vent shall not be installed within two
pipe diameters of the trap weir.
74
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
VENTS
SECTION 910
INDIVIDUAL VENT
910.1 Individual vent permitted. Each trap and trapped fix-
ture is permitted to be provided with an individual vent. The
individual vent shall connect to the fixture drain of the trap or
trapped fixture being vented.
SECTION 911
COMMON VENT
911.1 Individual vent as common vent. An individual vent
is permitted to vent two traps or trapped fixtures as a common
vent. The traps or trapped fixtures being common vented
shall be located on the same floor level.
911.2 Connection at the same level. Where the fixture
drains being common vented connect at the same level, the
vent connection shall be at the interconnection of the fixture
drains or downstream of the interconnection.
911.3 Connection at different levels. Where the fixture
drains connect at different levels, the vent shall connect as a
vertical extension of the vertical drain. The vertical drain pipe
connecting the two fixture drains shall be considered the vent
for the lower fixture drain, and shall be sized in accordance
with Table 911.3. The upper fixture shall not be a water
closet.
TABLE 911.3
COMMON VENT SIZES
PIPE SIZE
(inches)
MAXIMUM DISCHARGE FROM UPPER
FIXTURE DRAIN (dfu)
I7 2
1
2
4
27 2 to3
6
same elevation. Other fixture drains shall connect above or
at the same elevation as the water closet fixture drains.
The dry-vent connection to the vertical wet vent shall be
an individual or common vent serving one or two fixtures.
912.2 Dry vent connection. The required dry-vent connec-
tion for wet-vented systems shall comply with Sections
912.2.1 and 912.2.2.
912.2.1 Horizontal wet vent. The dry-vent connection for
a horizontal wet-vent system shall be an individual vent or
a common vent for any bathroom group fixture, except an
emergency floor drain. Where the dry-vent connects to a
water closet fixture drain, the drain shall connect horizon-
tally to the horizontal wet- vent system. Not more than one
wet-vented fixture drain shall discharge upstream of the
dry-vented fixture drain connection.
912.2.2 Vertical wet vent. The dry-vent connection for a
vertical wet-vent system shall be an individual vent or
common vent for the most upstream fixture drain.
912.3 Size. The dry vent serving the wet vent shall be sized
based on the largest required diameter of pipe within the wet-
vent system served by the dry vent. The wet vent shall be of a
size not less than that specified in Table 91 2.3, based on the
fixture unit discharge to the wet vent.
TABLE 912.3
WET VENT SIZE
WET VENT PIPE SIZE
(inches)
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT LOAD (dfu)
i __ 17 2
l
2
4
27 2
6
3
12
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm.
SECTION 912
WET VENTING
912.1 Horizontal wet vent permitted. Any combination of
fixtures within two bathroom groups located on the same
floor level is permitted to be vented by a horizontal wet vent.
The wet vent shall be considered the vent for the fixtures and
shall extend from the connection of the dry vent along the
direction of the flow in the drain pipe to the most downstream
fixture drain connection to the horizontal branch drain. Each
wet- vented fixture drain shall connect independently to the
horizontal wet vent. Only the fixtures within the bathroom
groups shall connect to the wet-vented horizontal branch
drain. Any additional fixtures shall discharge downstream of
the horizontal wet vent.
912.1.1 Vertical wet vent permitted. Any combination of
fixtures within two bathroom groups located on the same
floor level is permitted to be vented by a vertical wet vent.
The vertical wet vent shall be considered the vent for the
fixtures and shall extend from the connection of the dry
vent down to the lowest fixture drain connection. Each
wet-vented fixture shall connect independently to the ver-
tical wet vent. Water closet drains shall connect at the
SECTION 913
WASTE STACK VENT
913.1 Waste stack vent permitted. A waste stack shall be
considered a vent for all of the fixtures discharging to the
stack where installed in accordance with the requirements of
this section.
913.2 Stack installation. The waste stack shall be vertical,
and both horizontal and vertical offsets shall be prohibited
between the lowest fixture drain connection and the highest
fixture drain connection. Fixture drains shall connect sepa-
rately to the waste stack. The stack shall not receive the dis-
charge of water closets or urinals.
913.3 Stack vent. A stack vent shall be provided for the
waste stack. The size of the stack vent shall be not less than
the size of the waste stack. Offsets shall be permitted in the
stack vent, shall be located not less than 6 inches (152 mm)
above the flood level of the highest fixture and shall be in
accordance with Section 905.2. The stack vent shall be per-
mitted to connect with other stack vents and vent stacks in
accordance with Section 904.5.
913.4 Waste stack size. The waste stack shall be sized based
on the total discharge to the stack and the discharge within a
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
75
VENTS
branch interval in accordance with Table 913.4. The waste
stack shall be the same size throughout its length.
TABLE 913.4
WASTE STACK VENT SSZE
STACK SIZE
(inches)
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
(dfu)
Total discharge into one
branch interval
Total discharge tor
stack
1V 2
1
2
2
2
4
2%
No limit
8
3
No limit
24
4
No limit
50
5
No limit
75
6
No limit
100
For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm.
SECTION 914
CIRCUIT VENTING
914.1 Circuit vent permitted. A maximum of eight fixtures
connected to a horizontal branch drain shall be permitted to
be circuit vented. Each fixture drain shall connect horizon-
tally to the horizontal branch being circuit vented. The hori-
zontal branch drain shall be classified as a vent from the most
downstream fixture drain connection to the most upstream
fixture drain connection to the horizontal branch.
914.1.1 Multiple circuit-vented branches. Circuit-
vented horizontal branch drains are permitted to be con-
nected together. Each group of a maximum of eight fix-
tures shall be considered a separate circuit vent and shall
conform to the requirements of this section.
914.2 Vent connection. The circuit vent connection shall be
located between the two most upstream fixture drains. The
vent shall connect to the horizontal branch and shall be
installed in accordance with Section 905. The circuit vent
pipe shall not receive the discharge of any soil or waste.
914.3 Slope and size of horizontal branch. The slope of the
vent section of the horizontal branch drain shall be not greater
than one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8.3-percent
slope). The entire length of the vent section of the horizontal
branch drain shall be sized for the total drainage discharge to
the branch.
914.3.1 Size of multiple circuit vent. Each separate cir-
cuit-vented horizontal branch that is interconnected shall
be sized independently in accordance with Section 914.3.
The downstream circuit-vented horizontal branch shall be
sized for the total discharge into the branch, including the
upstream branches and the fixtures within the branch.
914.4 Relief vent. A relief vent shall be provided for circuit-
vented horizontal branches receiving the discharge of four or
more water closets and connecting to a drainage stack that
receives the discharge of soil or waste from upper horizontal
branches.
914.4.1 Connection and installation. The relief vent shall
connect to the horizontal branch drain between the stack
and the most downstream jfatfH re drain of the circuit vent.
The relief vent shall be installed in accordance with Sec-
tion 905.
914.4.2 Fixture drain or branch. The relief vent is per-
mitted to be a fixture drain or fixture branch for fixtures
located within the same branch interval as the circuit-
vented horizontal branch. The maximum discharge to a
relief vent shall be four fixture units.
914.5 Additional fixtures. Fixtures, other than the circuit-
vented fixtures, are permitted to discharge to the horizontal
branch drain. Such fixtures shall be located on the same floor
as the circuit-vented fixtures and shall be either individually
or common vented.
SECTION 915
COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM j
915.1 Type of fixtures. A combination waste and vent sys- j
tern shall not serve fixtures other than floor drains, sinks, lav-
atories and drinking fountains. Combination waste and vent |
systems shall not receive the discharge from a food waste
grinder or clinical sink.
915.2 Installation. The only vertical pipe of a combination 1
waste and vent system shall be the connection between the 1
fixture drain and the horizontal combination waste and vent j
pipe. The vertical distance shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm).
915.2.1 Slope. The slope of a horizontal combination 1
waste and vent pipe shall not exceed one-half unit vertical (
in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope) and shall not be
less than that indicated in Table 704.1 .
915.2.2 Connection. The combination waste and vent sys- |
tern shall be provided with a dry vent connected at any
point within the system or the system shall connect to a
horizontal drain that is vented in accordance with one of
the venting methods specified in this chapter. Combina- |
tion waste and vent systems connecting to building drains [
receiving only the discharge from a stack or stacks shall be
provided with a dry vent. The vent connection to the com- 1
bination waste and vent pipe shall extend vertically to a |
point not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood
level rim of the highest fixture being vented before offset-
ting horizontally. The horizontal length of a combination I
waste and vent system shall be unlimited. |
915.2.3 Vent size. The vent shall be sized for the total
drainage fixture unit load in accordance with Section
916.2.
915.2.4 Fixture branch or drain. The fixture branch or
fixture drain shall connect to the combination waste and j
vent within a distance specified in Table 909.1. The com- I
bination waste and vent pipe shall be considered the vent |
for the fixture.
915.3 Size. The size of a combination waste and vent pipe shall |
not be less than that indicated in Table 915.3.
76
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
VENTS
TABLE 915.3
SIZE OF COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT PIPE
DIAMETER
PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE
FIXTURE UNITS (dfu)
Connecting to a
horizontal branch
or stack
Connecting to a building
drain or building
subdrain
2
3
4
2'/ 2
6
26
3
12
31
4
20
50
5
160
250
6
360
575
be the same size as the drainage stack. A 3-inch (76 mm) stack
shall serve not more than two water closets.
TABLE 917.2
SINGLE STACK SIZE
For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm.
SECTION 916
ISLAND FIXTURE VENTING
916.1 Limitation. Island fixture venting shall not be permit-
ted for fixtures other than sinks and lavatories. Residential
kitchen sinks with a dishwasher waste connection, a food
waste grinder, or both, in combination with the kitchen sink
waste, shall be permitted to be vented in accordance with this
section.
916.2 Vent connection. The island fixture vent shall connect
to the fixture drain as required for an individual or common
vent. The vent shall rise vertically to above the drainage out-
let of the fixture being vented before offsetting horizontally
or vertically downward. The vent or branch vent for multiple
island fixture vents shall extend to a point not less than 6
inches (152 mm) above the highest island fixture being
vented before connecting to the outside vent terminal.
916.3 Vent installation below the fixture flood level rim.
The vent located below the flood level rim of the fixture being
vented shall be installed as required for drainage piping in
accordance with Chapter 7, except for sizing. The vent shall
be sized in accordance with Section 906.2. The lowest point
of the island fixture vent shall connect full size to the drain-
age system. The connection shall be to a vertical drain pipe or
to the top half of a horizontal drain pipe. Cleanouts shall be
provided in the island fixture vent to permit rodding of all
vent piping located below the flood level rim of the fixtures.
Rodding in both directions shall be permitted through a clea-
nout.
SECTION 917
SINGLE STACK VENT SYSTEM
917.1 Where permitted. A drainage stack shall serve as a
single stack vent system where sized and installed in accor-
dance with Sections 917.2 through 917.9. The drainage stack
and branch piping shall be the vents for the drainage system.
The drainage stack shall have a stack vent.
917.2 Stack size. Drainage stacks shall be sized in accordance
with Table 917.2. Stacks shall be uniformly sized based on the
total connected drainage fixture unit load. The stack vent shall
STACK SIZE
(inches)
MAXIMUM CONNECTED DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
Stacks less than
75 feet in height
Stacks 75 feet to
less than 160 feet
in height
Stacks 160 feet
and greater in
height
3
24
NP
NP
4
225
24
NP
5
480
225
24
6
1,015
480
225
8
2,320
1,015
480
10
4,500
2,320
1,015
12
8,100
4,500
2,320
15
13,600
8,100
4,500
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
917.3 Branch size. Horizontal branches connecting to a sin-
gle stack vent system shall be sized in accordance with Table
710.1(2). Not more than one water closet shall discharge into
a 3-inch (76 mm) horizontal branch at a point within a devel-
oped length of 18 inches (457 mm) measured horizontally
from the stack.
Where a water closet is within 1 8 inches (457 mm) mea-
sured horizontally from the stack and not more than one fix-
ture with a drain size of not more than 1 V 2 inch (38 mm)
connects to a 3-inch (76 mm) horizontal branch, the branch
drain connection to the stack shall be made with a sanitary
tee.
917.4 Length of horizontal branches. The length of hori-
zontal branches shall conform to the requirements of Sections
917.4.1 through 917.4.3.
917.4.1 Water closet connection. Water closet connec-
tions shall be not greater than 4 feet (1219 mm) in devel-
oped length measured horizontally from the stack.
Exception: Where the connection is made with a sani-
tary tee, the maximum developed length shall be 8 feet
(2438 mm).
917.4.2 Fixture connections. Fixtures other than water
closets shall be located not greater than 12 feet (3657 mm)
in developed length, measured horizontally from the stack.
917.4.3 Vertical piping in branch. The length of vertical
piping in a fixture drain connecting to a horizontal branch
shall not be considered in computing the fixture's distance
in developed length measured horizontally from the stack.
917.5 Minimum vertical piping size from fixture. The ver-
tical portion of piping in a fixture drain to a horizontal branch
shall be 2 inches (51 mm). The minimum size of the vertical
portion of piping for a water-supplied urinal or standpipe
shall be 3 inches (76 mm). The maximum vertical drop shall
be 4 feet (1219 mm). Fixture drains that are not increased in
size, or have a vertical drop in excess of 4 feet (1219 mm)
shall be individually vented.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
77
VENTS
917.6 Additional venting required. Additional venting shall
be provided where more than one water closet discharges to a
horizontal branch and where the distance from a fixture trap
to the stack exceeds the limits in Section 917.4. Where addi-
tional venting is required, the fixture(s) shall be vented by
individual vents, common vents, wet vents, circuit vents, or a
combination waste and vent pipe. The dry vent extensions for
the additional venting shall connect to a branch vent, vent
stack, stack vent, air admittance valve, or shall terminate out-
doors.
917.7 Stack offsets. Where fixture drains are not connected
below a horizontal offset in a stack, a horizontal offset shall
not be required to be vented. Where horizontal branches or
fixture drains are connected below a horizontal offset in a
stack, the offset shall be vented in accordance with Section
907. Fixture connections shall not be made to a stack within 2
feet (610 mm) above or below a horizontal offset.
917.8 Prohibited lower connections. Stacks greater than 2
branch intervals in height shall not receive the discharge of
horizontal branches on the lower two floors. There shall be
no connections to the stack between the lower two floors and
a distance of not less than 10 pipe diameters downstream
from the base of the single stack vented system.
917.9 Sizing building drains and sewers. The building
drain and building sewer receiving the discharge of a single
stack vent system shall be sized in accordance with Table
710.1(1).
SECTION 918
AIR ADMITTANCE VALVES
918.1 General. Vent systems utilizing air admittance valves
shall comply with this section. Stack-type air admittance
valves shall conform to ASSE 1050. Individual and branch-
type air admittance valves shall conform to ASSE 1051.
918.2 Installation. The valves shall be installed in accor-
dance with the requirements of this section and the manufac-
turer's installation instructions. Air admittance valves shall
be installed after the DWV testing required by Section 312.2
or 312.3 has been performed.
918.3 Where permitted. Individual, branch and circuit vents
shall be permitted to terminate with a connection to an indi-
vidual or branch-type air admittance valve in accordance with
Section 918.3.1. Stack vents and vent stacks shall be permit-
ted to terminate to stack-type air admittance valves in accor-
dance with Section 918.3.2.
918.3.1 Horizontal branches. Individual and branch-type
air admittance valves shall vent only fixtures that are on
the same floor level and connect to a horizontal branch
drain. Where the horizontal branch is located more than
four branch intervals from the top of the stack, the hori-
zontal branch shall be provided with a relief vent that shall
connect to a vent stack or stack vent, or extend outdoors to
the open air. The relief vent shall connect to the horizon-
tal branch drain between the stack and the most down-
stream fixture drain connected to the horizontal branch
drain. The relief vent shall be sized in accordance with
Section 906.2 and installed in accordance with Section
905. The relief vent shall be permitted to serve as the vent
for other fixtures.
918.3.2 Stack. Stack-type air admittance valves shall be
prohibited from serving as the vent terminal for vent stacks
or stack vents that serve drainage stacks having more than
six branch intervals.
918.4 Location. Individual and branch-type air admittance
valves shall be located a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm)
above the horizontal branch drain or fixture drain being
vented. Stack-type air admittance valves shall be located not
less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood level rim of the
highest fixture being vented. The air admittance valve shall
be located within the maximum developed length permitted
for the vent. The air admittance valve shall be installed not
less than 6 inches (152 mm) above insulation materials.
918.5 Access and ventilation. Access shall be provided to all
air admittance valves. The valve shall be located within a
ventilated space that allows air to enter the valve.
918.6 Size. The air admittance valve shall be rated in accor-
dance with the standard for the size of the vent to which the
valve is connected.
918.7 Vent required. Within each plumbing system, not less
than one stack vent or vent stack shall extend outdoors to the
open air.
918.8 Prohibited installations. Air admittance valves shall
not be installed in non-neutralized special waste systems as
described in Chapter 8 except where such valves are in com-
pliance with ASSE 1049, are constructed of materials
approved in accordance with Section 702.5 and are tested for
chemical resistance in accordance with ASTM F 1412. Air
admittance valves shall not be located in spaces utilized as
supply or return air plenums. Air admittance valves without
an engineered design shall not be utilized to vent sumps or
tanks of any type.
SECTION 919
ENGINEERED VENT SYSTEMS
919.1 General. Engineered vent systems shall comply with
this section and the design, submittal, approval, inspection
and testing requirements of Section 105.4.
919.2 Individual branch fixture and individual fixture
header vents. The maximum developed length of individual
fixture vents to vent branches and vent headers shall be deter-
mined in accordance with Table 919.2 for the minimum pipe
diameters at the indicated vent airflow rates.
The individual vent airflow rate shall be determined in
accordance with the following:
For SI: Q hb = N nfi Q v (0.4719 L/s)
where:
(Equation 9-1)
N„j, ~ Number of fixtures per header (or vent branch)
total number of fixtures connected to vent stack.
Q hb = Vent branch or vent header airflow rate (cfm).
Q v = Total vent stack airflow rate (cfm).
78
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
VENTS
G l/ (gpm)=27.8r s . M (l-r j .)D 8fl
e,(cfm) = 0.134 G„(gpm)
where:
D = Drainage stack diameter (inches).
Q w = Design discharge load (gpm).
r = Waste water flow area to total area.
2--\\
27.8 D
Individual vent airflow rates are obtained by equally dis-
tributing Q hh into one-half the total number of fixtures on the
branch or header for more than two fixtures; for an odd num-
ber of total fixtures, decrease by one; for one fixture, apply
the full value of Q hb .
Individual vent developed length shall be increased by 20
percent of the distance from the vent stack to the fixture vent
connection on the vent branch or header.
SECTION 920
COMPUTERIZED VENT DESIGN
920.1 Design of vent system. The sizing, design and layout
of the vent system shall be permitted to be determined by
approved computer program design methods.
920.2 System capacity. The vent system shall be based on
the air capacity requirements of the drainage system under a
peak load condition.
TABLE 919.2
MINIMUM DIAMETER AND MAXIMUM LENGTH OF INDIVIDUAL BRANCH FIXTURE VENTS AND
INDIVIDUAL FIXTURE HEADER VENTS FOR SMOOTH PIPES
DIAMETER OF
VENT PIPE
(inches)
INDIVIDUAL VENT AIRFLOW RATE (cubic feet per minute)
Maximum developed length of vent (feet)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
%
95
25
13
8
5
4
3
2
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
%
100
88
47
30
20
15
10
9
7
6
5
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
—
—
100
94
65
48
37
29
24
20
17
14
12
11
9
8
7
7
6
6
l'/ 4
100
87
73
62
53
46
40
36
32
29
26
23
21
l'/ 2
100
96
84
75
65
60
54
49
45
2
100
For SI: i inch = 25.4 mm, 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.4719 L/s, I foot = 304.8 mm.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
79
80 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 10
TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS
SECTION 1001
GENERAL
1001.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the material and
installation of traps, interceptors and separators.
SECTION 1002
TRAP REQUIREMENTS
1002.1 Fixture traps. Each plumbing fixture shall be sepa-
rately trapped by a liquid-seal trap, except as otherwise per-
mitted by this code. The vertical distance from the fixture
outlet to the trap weir shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm),
and the horizontal distance shall not exceed 30 inches (610
mm) measured from the centerline of the fixture outlet to the
centerline of the inlet of the trap. The height of a clothes
washer standpipe above a trap shall conform to Section
802.4. A fixture shall not be double trapped.
Exceptions:
1. This section shall not apply to fixtures with integral
traps.
2. A combination plumbing fixture is permitted to be
installed on one trap, provided that one compartment
is not more than 6 inches (152 mm) deeper than the
other compartment and the waste outlets are not
more than 30 inches (762 mm) apart.
3. A grease interceptor intended to serve as a fixture
trap in accordance with the manufacturer's installa-
tion instructions shall be permitted to serve as the
trap for a single fixture or a combination sink of not
more than three compartments where the vertical
distance from the fixture outlet to the inlet of the
interceptor does not exceed 30 inches (762 mm) and
the developed length of the waste pipe from the most
upstream fixture outlet to the inlet of the interceptor
does not exceed 60 inches (1524 mm).
4. Where floor drains in multilevel parking structures
are required to discharge to a combined building
sewer system, the floor drains shall not be required
to be individually trapped provided that they are
connected to a main trap in accordance with Section
1103.1.
1002.2 Design of traps. Fixture traps shall be self-scouring.
Fixture traps shall not have interior partitions, except where
such traps are integral with the fixture or where such traps are
constructed of an approved material that is resistant to corro-
sion and degradation. Slip joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric gasket and shall be installed only on
the trap inlet, trap outlet and within the trap seal.
1002.3 Prohibited traps. The following types of traps are
prohibited:
1. Traps that depend on moving parts to maintain the
seal.
2. Bell traps.
3. Crown-vented traps.
4. Traps not integral with a fixture and that depend on
interior partitions for the seal, except those traps con-
structed of an approved material that is resistant to
corrosion and degradation.
5. "S" traps.
6. Drum traps.
Exception: Drum traps used as solids interceptors
and drum traps serving chemical waste systems shall
not be prohibited.
1002.4 Trap seals. Each fixture trap shall have a liquid seal
of not less than 2 inches (5 1 mm) and not more than 4 inches
(102 mm), or deeper for special designs relating to accessible
fixtures. Where a trap seal is subject to loss by evaporation, a
trap seal primer valve shall be installed. Trap seal primer
valves shall connect to the trap at a point above the level of
the trap seal. A trap seal primer valve shall conform to ASSE
1018 or ASSE 1044.
1002.5 Size of fixture traps. Fixture trap size shall be suffi-
cient to drain the fixture rapidly and not less than the size
indicated in Table 709.1. A trap shall not be larger than the
drainage pipe into which the trap discharges.
1002.6 Building traps. Building (house) traps shall be pro-
hibited, except where local conditions necessitate such traps.
Building traps shall be provided with a cleanout and a relief
vent or fresh air intake on the inlet side of the trap. The size
of the relief vent or fresh air intake shall not be less than one-
half the diameter of the drain to which the relief vent or air
intake connects. Such relief vent or fresh air intake shall be
carried above grade and shall be terminated in a screened out-
let located outside the building.
1002.7 Trap setting and protection. Traps shall be set level
with respect to the trap seal and, where necessary, shall be
protected from freezing.
1002.8 Recess for trap connection. A recess provided for
connection of the underground trap, such as one serving a
bathtub in slab-type construction, shall have sides and a bot-
tom of corrosion-resistant, insect- and verminproof construc-
tion.
1002.9 Acid-resisting traps. Where a vitrified clay or other
brittleware, acid-resisting trap is installed underground, such
trap shall be embedded in concrete extending 6 inches (152
mm) beyond the bottom and sides of the trap.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 18
81
TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS
1002.10 Plumbing in mental health centers. In mental
health centers, pipes and traps shall not be exposed.
SECTiON 1003
INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS
1003.1 Where required. Interceptors and separators shall be
provided to prevent the discharge of oil, grease, sand and
other substances harmful or hazardous to the public sewer,
the private sewage system or the sewage treatment plant or
processes.
1003.2 Approval. The size, type and location of each inter-
ceptor and of each separator shall be designed and installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the
requirements of this section based on the anticipated condi-
tions of use. Wastes that do not require treatment or separa-
tion shall not be discharged into any interceptor or separator.
1003.3 Grease interceptors. Grease interceptors shall com-
ply with the requirements of Sections 1003.3.1 through
1003.3.5.
1003.3.1 Grease interceptors and automatic grease
removal devices required. A grease interceptor or auto-
matic grease removal device shall be required to receive
the drainage from fixtures and equipment with grease-
laden waste located in food preparation areas, such as in
restaurants, hotel kitchens, hospitals, school kitchens,
bars, factory cafeterias and clubs. Fixtures and equipment
shall include pot sinks, prerinse sinks; soup kettles or sim-
ilar devices; wok stations; floor drains or sinks into which
kettles are drained; automatic hood wash units and dish-
washers without prerinse sinks. Grease interceptors and
automatic grease removal devices shall receive waste only
from fixtures and equipment that allow fats, oils or grease
to be discharged. Where lack of space or other constraints
prevent the installation or replacement of a grease inter-
ceptor, one or more grease interceptors shall be permitted
to be installed on or above the floor and upstream of an
existing grease interceptor.
1003.3.2 Food waste grinders. Where food waste grind-
ers connect to grease interceptors, a solids interceptor shall
separate the discharge before connecting to the grease
interceptor. Solids interceptors and grease interceptors
shall be sized and rated for the discharge of the food waste
grinder. Emulsifiers, chemicals, enzymes and bacteria
shall not discharge into the food waste grinder.
1003.3.3 Grease interceptors and automatic grease
removal devices not required. A grease interceptor or an
automatic grease removal device shall not be required for
individual dwelling units or any private living quarters.
E 1003.3.4 Hydromechanical grease interceptors and
automatic grease removal devices. Hydromechanical
grease interceptors and automatic grease removal devices
shall be sized in accordance with ASME Al 1.2.14.3
Appendix A, ASME 112.14.4, CSA B481.3 or PDI G101.
| Hydromechanical grease interceptors and automatic
grease removal devices shall be designed and tested in
accordance with ASME Al 12.14.3 Appendix A, ASME
§ 112.14.4, CSA B481.1, PDI G101 or PDI G102. Hydro-
mechanical grease interceptors and automatic grease
removal devices shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. Where manufacturer's
instructions are not provided, hydromechanical grease
interceptors and grease removal devices shall be installed
in compliance with ASME A112.14.3, ASME 1 12.14.4,
CSA B481.3 or PDI G101. This section shall not apply to
gravity grease interceptors.
1003.3.4.1 Grease interceptor capacity. Grease inter-
ceptors shall have the grease retention capacity indi-
cated in Table 1003.3.4.1 for the flow-through rates
indicated.
TABLE 1003.3.4.1
CAPACITY OF GREASE INTERCEPTORS 8
TOTAL FLOW-THROUGH
RATING (gpm)
GREASE RETENTION
CAPACITY (pounds)
4
8
6
12
7
14
9
18
10
20
12
24
14
28
15
30
18
36
20
40
25
50
35
70
50
100
75
150
100
200
For SI: 1 gallon per minule = 3.785 L/m, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
a. For total flow-through ratings greater than 100 (gpm), double the flow-
through rating to determine the grease retention capacity (pounds).
1003.3.4.2 Rate of flow controls. Grease interceptors
shall be equipped with devices to control the rate of
water flow so that the water flow does not exceed the
rated flow. The flow-control device shall be vented and
terminate not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the
flood rim level or be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
1003.3.5 Automatic grease removal devices. Where
automatic grease removal devices are installed, such
devices shall be located downstream of each fixture or
multiple fixtures in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. The automatic grease removal device shall be
sized to pretreat the measured or calculated flows for all
connected fixtures or equipment. Ready access shall be
provided for inspection and maintenance.
1003.4 Oil separators required. At repair garages, car-
washing facilities, at factories where oily and flammable liq-
uid wastes are produced and in hydraulic elevator pits, sepa-
rators shall be installed into which all oil-bearing, grease-
bearing or flammable wastes shall be discharged before emp-
82
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS
tying into the building drainage system or other point of dis-
posal.
Exception: An oil separator is not required in hydraulic
elevator pits where an approved alarm system is installed.
1003.4.1 Separation of liquids. A mixture of treated or
untreated light and heavy liquids with various specific
gravities shall be separated in an approved receptacle.
1003.4.2 Oil separator design. Oil separators shall be
listed and labeled, or designed in accordance with Sections
1003.4.2.1 and 1003.4.2.2.
1003.4.2.1 General design requirements. Oil separa-
tors shall have a depth of not less than 2 feet (610 mm)
below the invert of the discharge drain. The outlet
opening of the separator shall have not less than an 18-
inch (457 mm) water seal.
1003.4.2.2 Garages and service stations. Where auto-
mobiles are serviced, greased, repaired or washed or
where gasoline is dispensed, oil separators shall have a
capacity of not less than 6 cubic feet (0.168 m 3 ) for the
first 100 square feet (9.3 m 2 ) of area to be drained, plus
1 cubic foot (0.28 m 3 ) for each additional 100 square
feet (9.3 nr) of area to be drained into the separator.
Parking garages in which servicing, repairing or wash-
ing is not conducted, and in which gasoline is not dis-
pensed, shall not require a separator. Areas of
commercial garages utilized only for storage of auto-
mobiles are not required to be drained through a separa-
tor.
1003.5 Sand interceptors in commercial establishments.
Sand and similar interceptors for heavy solids shall be
designed and located so as to be provided with ready access
for cleaning, and shall have a water seal of not less than 6
inches (152 mm).
1003.6 Laundries. Laundry facilities not installed within an
individual dwelling unit or intended for individual family use
shall be equipped with an interceptor with a wire basket or
similar device, removable for cleaning, that prevents passage
into the drainage system of solids 7 2 inch (12.7 mm) or larger
in size, string, rags, buttons or other materials detrimental to
the public sewage system.
1003.7 Bottling establishments. Bottling plants shall dis-
charge process wastes into an interceptor that will provide for
the separation of broken glass or other solids before discharg-
ing waste into the drainage system.
1003.8 Slaughterhouses. Slaughtering room and dressing
room drains shall be equipped with approved separators. The
separator shall prevent the discharge into the drainage system
of feathers, entrails and other materials that cause clogging.
1003.9 Venting of interceptors and separators. Intercep-
tors and separators shall be designed so as not to become air
bound where tight covers are utilized. Each interceptor or
separator shall be vented where subject to a loss of trap seal.
1003.10 Access and maintenance of interceptors and sepa-
rators. Access shall be provided to each interceptor and sepa-
rator for service and maintenance. Interceptors and separators
shall be maintained by periodic removal of accumulated
grease, scum, oil, or other floating substances and solids
deposited in the interceptor or separator.
SECTION 1004
MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
1004.1 General. The materials and methods utilized for the
construction and installation of traps, interceptors and separa-
tors shall comply with this chapter and the applicable provi-
sions of Chapters 4 and 7. The fittings shall not have ledges,
shoulders or reductions capable of retarding or obstructing
flow of the piping.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
83
84 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 11
STORM DRAINAGE
SECTION 1101
GENERAL
1101.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of storm
drainage.
1101.2 Where required. AH roofs, paved areas, yards, courts
and courtyards shall drain into a separate storm sewer system,
or a combined sewer system, or to an approved place of dis-
posal. For one- and two-family dwellings, and where
approved, storm water is permitted to discharge onto flat
areas, such as streets or lawns, provided that the storm water
flows away from the building.
1101.3 Prohibited drainage. Storm water shall not be
drained into sewers intended for sewage only.
1101.4 Tests. The conductors and the building storm drain
shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.
1101.5 Change in size. The size of a drainage pipe shall not
be reduced in the direction of flow.
1101.6 Fittings and connections. All connections and
changes in direction of the storm drainage system shall be
made with approved drainage-type fittings in accordance
with Table 706.3. The fittings shall not obstruct or retard flow
in the system.
1101.7 Roof design. Roofs shall be designed for the maxi-
mum possible depth of water that will pond thereon as deter-
mined by the relative levels of roof deck and overflow weirs,
scuppers, edges or serviceable drains in combination with the
deflected structural elements. In determining the maximum
possible depth of water, all primary roof drainage means shall
be assumed to be blocked.
1101.8 Qeanouts required. Cleanouts shall be installed in
the storm drainage system and shall comply with the provi-
sions of this code for sanitary drainage pipe cleanouts.
Exception: Subsurface drainage system.
1101.9 Backwater valves. Storm drainage systems shall be
provided with backwater valves as required for sanitary
drainage systems in accordance with Section 715.
SECTION 1102
MATERIALS
1102.1 General. The materials and methods utilized for the
construction and installation of storm drainage systems shall
comply with this section and the applicable provisions of
Chapter 7.
1102.2 Inside storm drainage conductors. Inside storm
drainage conductors installed above ground shall conform to
one of the standards listed in Table 702.1.
1102.3 Underground building storm drain pipe. Under-
ground building storm drain pipe shall conform to one of the
standards listed in Table 702.2.
1102.4 Building storm sewer pipe. Building storm sewer
pipe shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table
1102.4.
TABLE 1102.4
BUILDING STORM SEWER PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 2751;
ASTMF 628; CSAB1 81.1;
CSAB 182.1
Asbestos-cement pipe
ASTM C 428
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301
Concrete pipe
ASTM C 14; ASTM C 76;
CSA A257.1M; CSA A257.2M
Copper or copper-alloy
tubing (Type K, L, M or
DWV)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
ASTM F 2306/F 2306M
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe (Type DWV,
SDR26, SDR35, SDR41,
PS50orPS100)
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3034;
ASTMF 891; CSAB 182.4;
CSAB 181.2; CSA B182.2
Vitrified clay pipe
ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700
Stainless steel drainage
systems, Type 316L
ASMEA1 12.3.1
1102.5 Subsoil drain pipe. Subsoil drains shall be open-
jointed, horizontally split or perforated pipe conforming to
one of the standards listed in Table 1 102.5.
TABLE 1102.5
SUBSOIL DRAIN PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Asbestos-cement pipe
ASTM C 508
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
ASTMF 405; CSAB 182.1;
CSA B182.6; CSAB 182.8
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Plastic pipe (type sewer pipe,
PS25, PS50orPS100)
ASTM D 2729; ASTM F 891;
CSAB 182.2; CSAB 182.4
Stainless steel drainage systems,
Type 316L
ASME A 112.3.1
Vitrified clay pipe
ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 05
85
STORM DRAINAGE
1102.6 Roof Drains. Roof drains shall conform to ASME
A112.6.4or ASME A112.3.1.
1102.7 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installa-
tion with the piping material installed, and shall conform to
the respective pipe standards or one of the standards listed in
Table 1 102.7. The fittings shall not have ledges, shoulders or
reductions capable of retarding or obstructing flow in the pip-
ing. Threaded drainage pipe fittings shall be of the recessed
drainage type.
TABLE 1102.7
PIPE FITTING
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS) plastic
ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 3311;
CSAB181.1
Cast-iron
ASME B16.4; ASME B16.12;
ASTMA888;CISPI301;
ASTM A 74
Coextruded composite ABS
and drain DR-PS in
PS35,PS50,PS100, PS140,
PS200
ASTM D 2751
Coextruded composite ABS
DWV Schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid or cellular core)
ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 3311;
ASTM F 628
Coextruded composite PVC
DWV Schedule 40 IPS-DR,
PS140.PS200 (solid or
cellular core)
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3311;
ASTM F 891
Coextruded composite PVC
sewer and drain DR-PS in
PS35,PS50,PS100,PS140,
PS200
ASTM D 3034
Copper or copper alloy
ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18;
ASME B16.22; ASME B16.23;
ASME B 16.26; ASME B 16.29
Gray iron and ductile iron
AWWAC110/A21.10
Malleable iron
ASME B16.3
Plastic, general
ASTM F 409
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
ASTM F 2306/F 2306M
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3311;
ASTM F 1866
Steel
ASME B16.9; ASME B16.ll;
ASMEB16.28
Stainless steel drainage
systems, Type 316L
ASME A 112.3.1
SECTION
1103 TRAPS
1103.1 Main trap. Leaders and storm drains connected to a
combined sewer shall be trapped. Individual storm water
traps shall be installed on the storm water drain branch serv-
ing each conductor, or a single trap shall be installed in the
main storm drain just before its connection with the com-
bined building sewer or the public sewer.
1103.2 Material. Storm water traps shall be of the same
material as the piping system to which they are attached.
1103.3 Size. Traps for individual conductors shall be the
same size as the horizontal drain to which they are connected.
1103.4 Cleanout. An accessible cleanout shall be installed on
the building side of the trap.
SECTION 1104
CONDUCTORS AND CONNECTIONS
1104.1 Prohibited use. Conductor pipes shall not be used as
soil, waste or vent pipes, and soil, waste or vent pipes shall
not be used as conductors.
1104.2 Combining storm with sanitary drainage. The sani-
tary and storm drainage systems of a structure shall be
entirely separate except where combined sewer systems are
utilized. Where a combined sewer is utilized, the building
storm drain shall be connected in the same horizontal plane
through a single-wye fitting to the combined sewer not less
than 10 feet (3048 mm) downstream from any soil stack.
1104.3 Floor drains. Floor drains shall not be connected to a
storm drain.
SECTION 1105
ROOF DRAINS
1105.1 General. Roof drains shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions. The inside opening for
the roof drain shall not be obstructed by the roofing mem-
brane material.
1105.2 Roof drain flashings. The connection between roofs
and roof drains which pass through the roof and into the inte-
rior of the building shall be made water-tight by the use of
approved flashing material.
SECTION 1106
SIZE OF CONDUCTORS, LEADERS
AND STORM DRAINS
1106.1 General. The size of the vertical conductors and lead-
ers, building storm drains, building storm sewers, and any
horizontal branches of such drains or sewers shall be based
on the 100-year hourly rainfall rate indicated in Figure 1 106.1
or on other rainfall rates determined from approved local
weather data.
86
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
STORM DRAINAGE
4.28 j* ■
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C.
FIGURE 1106.1
100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES) EASTERN UNITED STATES
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
87
STORM DRAINAGE
2.75
For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm.
Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Washington D.C,
FIGURE 1106.1— continued
100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES) CENTRAL UNITED STATES
88
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
STORM DRAINAGE
For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm.
Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C.
FIGURE 1106.1— continued
100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES) WESTERN UNITED STATES
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
89
STORM DRAINAGE
170° 175° 180° 175° 170° 165° 160° 155°
145° 140° 135° 130
BAFlROW,
BARTER
ALASKA
1
li.nl i
200
I
++
+-H-4-
G/TMBELL
.84
ATTU
SHEMYA AFB
<C
.9
■Gk4
ADAK
A^ICHITKA
"ATKA
170° 175° 180° 175° 170°
160° 155°
145° 140° 135° 130
For SI: i inch = 25.4 mm.
Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C.
FIGURE 1106.1— continued
100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES) ALASKA
90
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
STORM DRAINAGE
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2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
91
STORM DRAINAGE
1106.2 Vertical conductors and leaders. Vertical conduc-
tors and leaders shall be sized for the maximum projected
roof area, in accordance with Table 1106.2(1) and Table
1106.2(2).
1106.3 Building storm drains and sewers. The size of the
building storm drain, building storm sewer and their horizon-
tal branches having a slope of one-half unit or less vertical in
12 units horizontal (4-percent slope) shall be based on the
maximum projected roof area in accordance with Table
1106.3. The slope of horizontal branches shall be not less
than one-eighth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1 -percent
slope) unless otherwise approved.
1106.4 Vertical walls. In sizing roof drains and storm drain-
age piping, one-half of the area of any vertical wall that
diverts rainwater to the roof shall be added to the projected
roof area for inclusion in calculating the required size of ver-
tical conductors, leaders and horizontal storm drainage pip-
ing.
1106.5 Parapet wall scupper location. Parapet wall roof
drainage scupper and overflow scupper location shall comply
with the requirements of Section 1503.4 of the International
Building Code.
1106.6 Size of roof gutters. The size of semicircular gutters
shall be based on the maximum projected roof area in accor-
dance with Table 1 106.6.
TABLE 1106.2(1)
SIZE OF CIRCULAR VERTICAL CONDUCTORS AND LEADERS
DIAMETER
OF LEADER
(inches) 8
HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square feet)
Rainfall rate (inches per hour)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2
2,880
1,440
960
720
575
480
410
360
320
290
260
240
3
8,800
4,400
2,930
2,200
1,760
1,470
1,260
1,100
980
880
800
730
4
18,400
9,200
6,130
4,600
3,680
3,070
2,630
2,300
2,045
1,840
1,675
1,530
5
34,600
17,300
11,530
8,650
6,920
5,765
4,945
4,325
3,845
3,460
3,145
2,880
6
54,000
27,000
17,995
13,500
10,800
9,000
7,715
6,750
6,000
5,400
4,910
4,500
8
116,000
58,000
38,660
29,000
23,200
19,315
16,570
14,500
12,890
11,600
10,545
9,600
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m 2 .
a. Sizes indicated are the diameter of circular piping. This table is applicable to piping of other shapes, provided the cross-sectional shape fully encloses a circle
of the diameter indicated in this table. For rectangular- leaders, see Table 1 106.2(2). Interpolation is permitted for pipe sizes that fall between those listed in
this table.
TABLE 1106.2(2)
SIZE OF RECTANGULAR VERTICAL CONDUCTORS AND LEADERS
DIMENSIONS OF
COMMON LEADER SIZES
width x length (inches) ab
HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square feet)
Rainfall rate (inches per hour)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
l 3 / 4 x27 2
3,410
1,700
1,130
850
680
560
480
420
370
340
310
280
2x3
5,540
2,770
1,840
1,380
1,100
920
790
690
610
550
500
460
2%x47 4
12,830
6,410
4,270
3,200
2,560
2,130
1,830
1,600
1,420
1,280
1,160
1,060
3x4
13,210
6,600
4,400
3,300
2,640
2,200
1,880
1,650
1,460
1,320
1,200
1,100
3V 2 x4
15,900
7,950
5,300
3,970
3,180
2,650
2,270
1,980
1,760
1,590
1,440
1,320
3'/,x5
21,310
10,650
7,100
5,320
4,260
3,550
3,040
2,660
2,360
2,130
1,930
1,770
37 4 x 47 4
21,960
10,980
7,320
5,490
4,390
3,660
3,130
2,740
2,440
2,190
1,990
1,830
3 3 / 4 x57 4
25,520
12,760
8,500
6,380
5,100
4,250
3,640
3,190
2,830
2,550
2,320
2,120
37, x 6
27,790
13,890
9,260
6,940
5,550
4,630
3,970
3,470
3,080
2,770
2,520
2,310
4x6
32,980
16,490
10,990
8,240
6,590
5,490
4,710
4,120
3,660
3,290
2,990
2,740
57 2 x57,
44,300
22,150
14,760
11,070
8,860
7,380
6,320
5,530
4,920
4,430
4,020
3,690
77 2 x77 2
100,500
50,250
33,500
25,120
20,100
16,750
14,350
12,560
11,160
10,050
9,130
8,370
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 nr.
a. Sizes indicated are nominal width x length of the opening for rectangular piping.
b. For shapes not included in this table, Equation 11-1 shall be used to determine the equivalent circular diameter, £>„ of rectangular piping for use in
interpolation using the data from Table 1106.2(1).
D e = [width x length]" 2 (Equation 1 1-1)
where:
D e = equivalent circular diameter and D r , width and length are in inches.
92
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
STORM DRAINAGE
TABLE 1106.3
SIZE OF HORIZONTAL STORM DRAINGE PIPING
SIZE OF
HORIZONTAL
PIPING
(inches)
HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square feet)
Rainfall rate (inches per hour)
1
2
3
4
5
6
V 8 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1 -percent slope)
3
3,288
1,644
1,096
822
657
548
4
7,520
3,760
2,506
1,800
1,504
1,253
5
13,360
6,680
4,453
3,340
2,672
2,227
6
21,400
10,700
7,133
5,350
4,280
3,566
8
46,000
23,000
15,330
11,500
9,200
7,600
10
82,800
41,400
27,600
20,700
16,580
13,800
12
133,200
66,600
44,400
33,300
26,650
22,200
15
218,000
109,000
72,800
59,500
47,600
39,650
V 4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope)
3
4,640
2,320
1,546
1,160
928
773
4
10,600
5,300
3,533
2,650
2,120
1,766
5
18,880
9,440
6,293
4,720
3,776
3,146
6
30,200
15,100
10,066
7,550
6,040
5,033
8
65,200
32,600
21,733
16,300
13,040
10,866
10
116,800
58,400
38,950
29,200
23,350
19,450
12
188,000
94,000
62,600
47,000
37,600
31,350
15
336,000
168,000
112,000
84,000
67,250
56,000
7 2 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope)
3
6,576
3,288
2,295
1,644
1,310
1,096
4
15,040
7.520
5,010
3,760
3,010
2,500
5
26,720
13,360
8,900
6,680
5,320
4,450
6
42,800
21,400
13,700
10,700
8,580
7,140
8
92,000
46,000
30,650
23,000
18,400
15,320
10
171,600
85,800
55,200
41,400
33,150
27,600
12
266,400
133,200
88,800
66,600
53,200
44,400
15
476,000
238,000
158,800
119,000
95,300
79,250
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m 2 .
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
93
STORM DRAINAGE
TABLE 1106.6
SIZE OF SEMICIRCULAR ROOF GUTTERS
DIAMETER OF
GUTTERS
(inches)
HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (squat
e feet)
Rainfall rate (inches per hour)
1
2
3
4
5
6
V 18 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (0.5-percent slope)
3
680
340
226
170
136
113
4
1,440
720
480
360
288
240
5
2,500
1,250
834
625
500
416
6
3,840
1,920
1,280
960
768
640
7
5,520
2,760
1,840
1,380
1,100
918
8
7,960
3,980
2,655
1,990
1,590
1,325
10
14,400
7,200
4,800
3,600
2,880
2,400
V e unit vertical 12 units horizontal (1 -percent slope)
3
960
480
320
240
192
160
4
2,040
1,020
681
510
408
340
5
3,520
1,760
1,172
880
704
587
6
5,440
2,720
1,815
1,360
1,085
905
7
7,800
3,900
2,600
1 ,950
1,560
1,300
8
11,200
5,600
3,740
2,800
2,240
1,870
10
20,400
10,200
6,800
5,100
4,080
3,400
V 4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope)
3
1,360
680
454
340
272
226
4
2,880
1,440
960
720
576
480
5
5,000
2,500
1,668
1.250
1,000
834
6
7,680
3,840
2,560
1,920
1,536
1,280
7
11,040
5,520
3,860
2,760
2,205
1,840
8
15,920
7,960
5,310
3,980
3,180
2,655
10
28,800
14,400
9,600
7,200
5,750
4,800
V a unit vertical in 1 2 units horizontal (4-percent slope)
3
1,920
960
640
480
384
320
4
4,080
2,040
1,360
1,020
816
680
5
7,080
3,540
2,360
1,770
1,415
1,180
6
11,080
5,540
3,695
2,770
2,220
1,850
7
15,600
7,800
5,200
3,900
3,120
2,600
8
22,400
11,200
7,460
5,600
4,480
3,730
10
40,000
20,000
13,330
10,000
8,000
6,660
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, J square foot = 0.0929 nr.
SECTION 1107
SIPHONIC ROOF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
1107.1 General. Siphonic roof drains and drainage systems
shall be designed in accordance with ASME Al 12.6.9 and
ASPE 45.
SECTION 1108
SECONDARY (EMERGENCY) ROOF DRAINS
1108.1 Secondary (emergency overflow) drains or scup-
pers. Where roof drains are required, secondary (emergency
overflow) roof drains or scuppers shall be provided where the
roof perimeter construction extends above the roof in such a
manner that water will be entrapped if the primary drains
allow buildup for any reason.
1108.2 Separate systems required. Secondary roof drain
systems shall have the end point of discharge separate from
the primary system. Discharge shall be above grade, in a
location that would normally be observed by the building
occupants or maintenance personnel.
1108.3 Sizing of secondary drains. Secondary (emergency)
roof drain systems shall be sized in accordance with Section
1 106 based on the rainfall rate for which the primary system
is sized in Tables 1106.2(1), 1106.2(2), 1106.3 and 1106.6.
Scuppers shall be sized to prevent the depth of ponding water
from exceeding that for which the roof was designed as deter-
mined by Section 1101.7. Scuppers shall have an opening
dimension of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). The flow
through the primary system shall not be considered when siz-
ing the secondary roof drain system.
94
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
STORM DRAINAGE
SECTION 1109
COMBINED SANITARY AND STORM SYSTEM
1109.1 Size of combined drains and sewers. The size of a
combination sanitary and storm drain or sewer shall be com-
puted in accordance with the method in Section 1 106.3. The
fixture units shall be converted into an equivalent projected
roof or paved area. Where the total fixture load on the com-
bined drain is less than or equal to 256 fixture units, the
equivalent drainage area in horizontal projection shall be
taken as 4,000 square feet (372 m 2 ). Where the total fixture
load exceeds 256 fixture units, each additional fixture unit
shall be considered the equivalent of 15.6 square feet (1.5 m 2 )
of drainage area. These values are based on a rainfall rate of 1
inch (25 mm) per hour.
SECTION 1110
VALUES FOR CONTINUOUS FLOW
1110.1 Equivalent roof area. Where there is a continuous or
semicontinuous discharge into the building storm drain or
building storm sewer, such as from a pump, ejector, air condi-
tioning plant or similar device, each gallon per minute (L/m)
of such discharge shall be computed as being equivalent to 96
square feet (9 m 2 ) of roof area, based on a rainfall rate of 1
inch (25.4 mm) per hour.
SECTION 1111
CONTROLLED FLOW ROOF DRAIN SYSTEMS
1111.1 General. The roof of a structure shall be designed for
the storage of water where the storm drainage system is engi-
neered for controlled flow. The controlled flow roof drain
system shall be an engineered system in accordance with this
section and the design, submittal, approval, inspection and
testing requirements of Section 105.4. The controlled flow
system shall be designed based on the required rainfall rate in
accordance with Section 1 106.1.
1111.2 Control devices. The control devices shall be
installed so that the rate of discharge of water per minute
shall not exceed the values for continuous flow as indicated
in Section 1109.1.
1111.3 Installation. Runoff control shall be by control
devices. Control devices shall be protected by strainers.
1111.4 Minimum number of roof drains. Not less than two
roof drains shall be installed in roof areas 10,000 square feet
(929 m 2 ) or less and not less than four roof drains shall be
installed in roofs over 10,000 square feet (929 m 2 ) in area.
location above ground. The subsoil sump shall not be
required to have either a gas-tight cover or a vent. The sump
and pumping system shall comply with Section 1 1 14.1.
SECTION 1113
BUILDING SUBDRAINS
1113.1 Building subdrains. Building subdrains located
below the public sewer level shall discharge into a sump or
receiving tank, the contents of which shall be automatically
lifted and discharged into the drainage system as required for
building sumps. The sump and pumping equipment shall
comply with Section 1114.1.
SECTION 1114
SUMPS AND PUMPING SYSTEMS
1114.1 Pumping system. The sump pump, pit and discharge
piping shall conform to Sections 1 1 14.1. 1 through 1 1 14.1.4.
1114.1.1 Pump capacity and head. The sump pump shall
be of a capacity and head appropriate to anticipated use
requirements.
1114.1.2 Sump pit. The sump pit shall not be less than 18
inches (457 mm) in diameter and not less than 24 inches
(610 mm) in depth, unless otherwise approved. The pit
shall be accessible and located such that all drainage flows
into the pit by gravity. The sump pit shall be constructed
of tile, steel, plastic, cast-iron, concrete or other approved
material, with a removable cover adequate to support
anticipated loads in the area of use. The pit floor shall be
solid and provide permanent support for the pump.
1114.1.3 Electrical. Electrical service outlets, when
required, shall meet the requirements of NFPA 70.
1114.1.4 Piping. Discharge piping shall meet the require-
ments of Section 1102.2, 1102.3 or 1102.4 and shall
include a gate valve and a full flow check valve. Pipe and
fittings shall be the same size as, or larger than, pump dis-
charge tapping.
Exception: In one- and two-family dwellings, only a
check valve shall be required, located on the discharge
piping from the pump or ejector.
SECTION 1112
SUBSOIL DRAINS
1112.1 Subsoil drains. Subsoil drains shall be open-jointed,
horizontally split or perforated pipe conforming to one of the
standards listed in Table 1 102.5. Such drains shall not be less
than 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter. Where the building is
subject to backwater, the subsoil drain shall be protected by
an accessibly located backwater valve. Subsoil drains shall
discharge to a trapped area drain, sump, dry well or approved
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
95
96 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 12
SECTION 1201
GENERAL
1201.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
design and installation of piping and storage systems for non-
flammable medical gas systems and nonmedical oxygen sys-
tems. All maintenance and operations of such systems shall
be in accordance with the International Fire Code.
SECTION 1202
MEDICAL GASES
[F] 1202.1 Nonflammable medical gases. Nonflammable
medical gas systems, inhalation anesthetic systems and vac-
uum piping systems shall be designed and installed in accor-
dance with NFPA 99C.
Exceptions:
1. This section shall not apply to portable systems or
cylinder storage.
2. Vacuum system exhaust terminations shall comply
with the International Mechanical Code.
SECTION 1203
OXYGEN SYSTEMS
[F] 1 203.1 Design and installation. Nonmedical oxygen sys-
tems shall be designed and installed in accordance with
NFPA 50 and NFPA 51.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 97
98 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 13
GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEMS
SECTION 1301
GENERAL
1301.1 Scope. The provisions of Chapter 13 shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of gray water
systems for flushing of water closets and urinals and for subsur-
face landscape irrigation. See Figures 1301.1(1) and
1301.1(2).
1301.2 Installation. In addition to the provisions of Section
1301, systems for flushing of water closets and urinals shall
comply with Section 1302 and systems for subsurface land-
scape irrigation shall comply with Section 1303. Except as pro-
vided for in this chapter, all systems shall comply with the
provisions of the other chapters of this code.
1301.3 Materials. Above-ground drain, waste and vent piping for
gray water systems shall conform to one of the standards listed in
Table 702.1. Gray water underground building drainage and vent
pipe shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 702.2.
1301.4 Tests. Drain, waste and vent piping for gray water sys-
tems shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.
1301.5 Inspections. Gray water systems shall be inspected in
accordance with Section 107.
1301.6 Potable water connections. Only connections in
accordance with Section 1302.3 shall be made between a gray
water recycling system and a potable water system.
1301.7 Waste water connections. Gray water recycling sys-
tems shall receive only the waste discharge of bathtubs, show-
ers, lavatories, clothes washers or laundry trays.
1301.8 Collection reservoir. Gray water shall be collected in
an approved reservoir constructed of durable, nonabsorbent
and corrosion-resistant materials. The reservoir shall be a
closed and gas-tight vessel. Access openings shall be provided
to allow inspection and cleaning of the reservoir interior.
1301.9 Filtration. Gray water entering the reservoir shall
pass through an approved filter such as a media, sand or dia-
tomaceous earth filter.
1301.9.1 Required valve. A full-open valve shall be
installed downstream of the last fixture connection to the
gray water discharge pipe before entering the required fil-
ter.
1301.10 Overflow. The collection reservoir shall be equipped
with an overflow pipe having the same or larger diameter as the
influent pipe for the gray water. The overflow pipe shall be
trapped and shall be indirectly connected to the sanitary drain-
age system.
1301.11 Drain. A drain shall be located at the lowest point of
the collection reservoir and shall be indirectly connected to the
sanitary drainage system. The drain shall be the same diameter
as the overflow pipe required in Section 1301.10.
1301.12 Vent required. The reservoir shall be provided with
a vent sized in accordance with Chapter 9 and based on the
diameter of the reservoir influent pipe.
GRAY WATER
INFLUENT
I — PxH
FILTER
SYSTEM
VENT
TANK— v
DRAIN \
HXH
GRAY WATER
RESERVOIR
OVERFLOW
X
~ XJ T\
f
INDIRECT DISCHARGE
TO SANITARY
DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
-KHX
i- CHECK VALVE
IRRIGATION ZONE
IRRIGATION ZONE
N — INDIRECT DISCHARGE
TO SANITARY DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
FIGURE 1301.1(1)
GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION ZONE
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
99
GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEMS
POTABLE
MAKEUP
WATER
SUPPLY
"X
BACKFLOW
PREVENTION
DEVICE
VENT
GRAY WATER
INFLUENT
FILTER
SYSTEM
TANK-^
DRAIN \
r4XH
x 1
OVERFLOW
GRAY WATER
RESERVOIR
~^7\
r
INDIRECT DISCHARGE
TO SANITARY
DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
-DxH
-INDIRECT DISCHARGE
TO SANITARY DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
EFFLUENT TO
FLUSHING FIXTURES
DISINFECTION COLORING
UNIT DYE INJECTION
UNIT
FIGURE 1301.1(2)
GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR FLUSHING WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS
SECTION 1302
SYSTEMS FOR FLUSHING WATER CLOSETS AND
URINALS
1302.1 Collection reservoir. The holding capacity of the res-
ervoir shall be a minimum of twice the volume of water
required to meet the daily flushing requirements of the fixtures
supplied with gray water, but not less than 50 gallons (189 L).
The reservoir shall be sized to limit the retention time of gray
water to a maximum of 72 hours.
1302.2 Disinfection. Gray water shall be disinfected by an
approved method that employs one or more disinfectants
such as chlorine, iodine or ozone that are recommended for
use with the pipes, fittings and equipment by the manufac-
turer of the pipes, fittings and equipment.
1302.3 Makeup water. Potable water shall be supplied as a
source of makeup water for the gray water system. The potable
water supply shall be protected against backflow in accordance
with Section 608. There shall be a full-open valve located on
the makeup water supply line to the collection reservoir.
1302.4 Coloring. The gray water shall be dyed blue or green
with a food grade vegetable dye before such water is supplied
to the fixtures.
1302.5 Materials. Distribution piping shall conform to one of
the standards listed in Table 605.4.
1302.6 Identification. Distribution piping and reservoirs shall
be identified as containing nonpotable water. Piping iden-
tification shall be in accordance with Section 608.8.
SECTION 1303
SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
1303.1 Collection reservoir. Reservoirs shall be sized to limit
the retention time of gray water to a maximum of 24 hours.
1303.1.1 Identification. The reservoir shall be identified as
containing nonpotable water.
1303.2 Valves required. A check valve and a full-open valve
located on the discharge side of the check valve shall be
installed on the effluent pipe of the collection reservoir.
1303.3 Makeup water. Makeup water shall not be required for
subsurface landscape irrigation systems. Where makeup water
is provided, the installation shall be in accordance with Section
1302.3.
1303.4 Disinfection. Disinfection shall not be required for
gray water used for subsurface landscape irrigation systems.
1303.5 Coloring. Gray water used for subsurface landscape irri-
gation systems shall not be required to be dyed.
1303.6 Estimating gray water discharge. The system shall
be sized in accordance with the gallons-per-day-per-occupant
number based on the type of fixtures connected to the gray
100
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEMS
water system. The discharge shall be calculated by the following
equation:
C = A x B (Equation 13-1)
where:
A = Number of occupants:
Residential-Number of occupants shall be determined by the
actual number of occupants, but not less than two occupants for
one bedroom and one occupant for each additional bedroom.
Commercial-Number of occupants shall be determined by
the International Building Code 9 .
B = Estimated flow demands for each occupant:
Residential-25 gallons per day (94.6 lpd) per occupant for
showers, bathtubs and lavatories and 15 gallons per day (56.7
lpd) per occupant for clothes washers or laundry trays.
Commercial-Based on type of fixture or water use records
minus the discharge of fixtures other than those discharging
gray water.
C = Estimated gray water discharge based on the total num-
ber of occupants.
1303.7 Percolation tests. The permeability of the soil in the
proposed absorption system shall be determined by percolation
tests or permeability evaluation.
1303.7.1 Percolation tests and procedures. At least three
percolation tests in each system area shall be conducted. The
holes shall be spaced uniformly in relation to the bottom
depth of the proposed absorption system. More percolation
tests shall be made where necessary, depending on system
design.
1303.7.1.1 Percolation test hole. The test hole shall be
dug or bored. The test hole shall have vertical sides and a
horizontal dimension of 4 inches to 8 inches (102 mm to
203 mm). The bottom and sides of the hole shall be
scratched with a sharp-pointed instrument to expose the
natural soil. All loose material shall be removed from the
hole and the bottom shall be covered with 2 inches (5 1
mm) of gravel or coarse sand.
1303.7.1.2 Test procedure, sandy soils. The hole shall
be filled with clear water to a minimum of 12 inches
(305 mm) above the bottom of the hole for tests in
sandy soils. The time for this amount of water to seep
away shall be determined, and this procedure shall be
repeated if the water from the second filling of the hole
seeps away in 10 minutes or less. The test shall proceed
as follows: Water shall be added to a point not more than
6 inches (152 mm) above the gravel or coarse sand.
Thereupon, from a fixed reference point, water levels
shall be measured at 10-minute intervals for a period of 1
hour. Where 6 inches (152 mm) of water seeps away in
less than 1 minutes, a shorter interval between measure-
ments shall be used, but in no case shall the water depth
exceed 6 inches (152 mm). Where 6 inches (152 mm) of
water seeps away in less than 2 minutes, the test shall be
stopped and a rate of less than 3 minutes per inch (7.2 s/
mm) shall be reported. The final water level drop shall be
used to calculate the percolation rate. Soils not meeting
the above requirements shall be tested in accordance
with Section 1303.7.1.3.
1303.7.1.3 Test procedure, other soils. The hole shall
be filled with clear water, and a minimum water depth of
12 inches (305 mm) shall be maintained above the bot-
tom of the hole for a 4-hour period by refilling whenever
necessary or by use of an automatic siphon. Water
remaining in the hole after 4 hours shall not be removed.
Thereafter, the soil shall be allowed to swell not less
than 16 hours or more than 30 hours. Immediately after
the soil swelling period, the measurements for determin-
ing the percolation rate shall be made as follows: any soil
sloughed into the hole shall be removed and the water
level shall be adjusted to 6 inches (152 mm) above the
gravel or coarse sand. Thereupon, from a fixed reference
point, the water level shall be measured at 30-minute
intervals for a period of 4 hours, unless two successive
water level drops do not vary by more than 7 16 inch (1.59
mm). At least three water level drops shall be observed
and recorded. The hole shall be filled with clear water to
a point not more than 6 inches (152 mm) above the gravel
or coarse sand whenever it becomes nearly empty.
Adjustments of the water level shall not be made during
the three measurement periods except to the limits of the
last measured water level drop. When the first 6 inches
(152 mm) of water seeps away in less than 30 minutes,
the time interval between measurements shall be 10 min-
utes and the test run for 1 hour. The water depth shall not
exceed 5 inches (127 mm) at any time during the measure-
ment period. The drop that occurs during the final mea-
surement period shall be used in calculating the
percolation rate.
1303.7.1.4 Mechanical test equipment. Mechanical per-
colation test equipment shall be of an approved type.
1303.7.2 Permeability evaluation. Soil shall be evaluated
for estimated percolation based on structure and texture in
accordance with accepted soil evaluation practices. Borings
shall be made in accordance with Section 1303.7.1 for eval-
uating the soil.
1303.8 Subsurface landscape irrigation site location. The sur-
face grade of all soil absorption systems shall be located at a
point lower than the surface grade of any water well or reservoir
on the same or adjoining lot. Where this is not possible, the site
shall be located so surface water drainage from the site is not
directed toward a well or reservoir. The soil absorption system
shall be located with a minimum horizontal distance between
various elements as indicated in Table 1303.8. Private sewage
disposal systems in compacted areas, such as parking lots and
driveways, are prohibited. Surface water shall be diverted
away from any soil absorption site on the same or neighboring
lots.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
101
GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEMS
TABLE 1303.8
LOCATION OF GRAY WATER SYSTEM
ELEMENT
MINIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE
HOLDING TANK
(feet)
IRRIGATION DISPOSAL
FIELD (feet)
Buildings
5
2
Lot line adjoining
private property
5
5
Water wells
50
100
Streams and lakes
50
50
Seepage pits
5
5
Septic tanks
5
Water service
5
5
Public water main
10
10
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
1303.9 Installation. Absorption systems shall be installed in
accordance with Sections 1303.9.1 through 1303.9.5 to pro-
vide landscape irrigation without surfacing of gray water.
1303.9.1 Absorption area. The total absorption area
required shall be computed from the estimated daily gray
water discharge and the design-loading rate based on the
percolation rate for the site. The required absorption area
equals the estimated gray water discharge divided by the
design-loading rate from Table 1303.9.1.
TABLE 1303.9.1
DESIGN LOADING RATE
PERCOLATION RATE
(minutes per inch)
DESIGN LOADING FACTOR
(gallons per square foot per day)
to less than 1
1.2
10 to less than 30
0.8
30 to less than 45
0.72
45 to 60
0.4
For SI: 1 minute per inch = min/25.4 mm,
1 gallon per square foot = 40.7 L/nr.
1303.9.2 Seepage trench excavations. Seepage trench exca-
vations shall be not less than 1 foot (304 mm) in width and
not greater than 5 feet (1524 mm) in width. Trench excava-
tions shall be spaced not less than 2 feet (610 mm) apart. The
soil absorption area of a seepage trench shall be computed
by using the bottom of the trench area (width) multiplied by
the length of pipe. Individual seepage trenches shall be not
greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm) in developed length.
1303.9.3 Seepage bed excavations. Seepage bed excava-
tions shall be not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) in width and
have more than one distribution pipe. The absorption area
of a seepage bed shall be computed by using the bottom of
the trench area. Distribution piping in a seepage bed shall be
uniformly spaced not greater than 5 feet (1524 mm) and not
less than 3 feet (914 mm) apart, and greater than 3 feet (914
mm) and not less than 1 foot (305 mm) from the sidewall
or headwall .
1303.9.4 Excavation and construction. The bottom of a
trench or bed excavation shall be level. Seepage trenches or
beds shall not be excavated where the soil is so wet that such
material rolled between the hands forms a soil wire. All
smeared or compacted soil surfaces in the sidewalls or bot-
tom of seepage trench or bed excavations shall be scarified
to the depth of smearing or compaction and the loose
material removed. Where rain falls on an open excavation,
the soil shall be left until sufficiently dry so a soil wire will
not form when soil from the excavation bottom is rolled
between the hands. The bottom area shall then be scarified
and loose material removed.
1303.9.5 Aggregate and backfill. Not less than 6 inches in
depth of aggregate ranging in size from V 2 to 2'/ 2 inches (12.7
mm to 64 mm) shall be laid into the trench below the distri-
bution piping elevation. The aggregate shall be evenly dis-
tributed not less than 2 inches (51 mm) in depth over the top
of the distribution pipe. The aggregate shall be covered with
approved synthetic materials or 9 inches (229 mm) of
uncompacted marsh hay or straw. Building paper shall not be
used to cover the aggregate. Not less than 9 inches (229 mm)
of soil backfill shall be provided above the covering.
1303.10 Distribution piping. Distribution piping shall be not
less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter. Materials shall comply
with Table 1303. 10. The top of the distribution pipe shall be not
less than 8 inches (203 mm) below the original surface. The
slope of the distribution pipes shall be not less than 2 inches
(51 mm) and not greater than 4 inches (102 mm) per 100 feet
(30 480 mm).
TABLE 1303.10
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
ASTMF405
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2729
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe with a
3.5 inch O.D. and solid cellular core or
composite wall.
ASTM F 1488
1303.11 Joints. Joints in distribution pipe shall be made in
accordance with Section 705 of this code.
102
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
CHAPTER 14
REFERENCED STANDARDS
This chapter lists the standards that are referenced in various sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by the
promulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or sections of this
document that reference the standard. The application of the referenced standards shall be as specified in Section 102.8.
American National Standards Institute
25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor
New York, NY 10036
Referenced
in code
Title section number
Specifications for Load Bearing, Bonded, Waterproof Membranes for Thin Set
Ceramic Tile and Dimension Stone Installation 417.5.2.5, 417.5.2.6
Minimum Requirements for Nonsewered Waste-disposal Systems 311.1
Relief Valves for Hot Water Supply Systems with Addenda Z21.22a— 2000 (R2003) and
Z21 .22b— 2001 (R2003) 504.2, 504.4, 504.4.1
Plastic Bathtub and Shower Units 407.1, 417.1
Plastic Lavatories 416.1, 416.2, 417.1
Plastic Water Closet Bowls and Tanks 420.1
Plastic Sinks 415.1, 418.1
Plastic Urinal Fixtures 419.1
Standard
reference
number
Al 18.10—99
Z4.3— 95
Z21.22— 99(R2003)
Zl 24. 1.2— 2005
Z124.3— 95
Z 124.4— 96
Z 124.6— 97
Z 124.9— 94
Air-Conditioning, Heating, & Refrigeration Institute
4100 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 200
Arlington, VA 22203
Standard
reference
number
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
1010—02
Self-contained, Mechanically Refrigerated Drinking- Water Coolers 410.1
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
Standard
reference
number
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
A 112. 1.2— 2004
A112.1.3— 2000
(Reaffirmed 2005)
A112.3.1— 2007
A 11 2.3.4— 2000
(Reaffirmed 2004)
A112.4.1— 1993(R2002)
Al 1 2.4.2— 2003(R2008)
Al 12.4.3— 1999
(Reaffirmed 2004)
Al 1 2.6. 1M— 1997 (R2002)
Al 12.6.2— 2000
(Reaffirmed 2004)
Al 12.6.3— 2001
(Reaffirmed 2007)
Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems Table608. 1,608. 13.1
Air Gap Fittings for Use with Plumbing Fixtures,
Appliances and Appurtenances Table 608.1, 608.13.1 , 1 102.6
Stainless Steel Drainage Systems for Sanitary, DWV, Storm and
Vacuum Applications Above and Below Ground 412.1, Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, 708.2, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5, Table 1 102.7
Macerating Toilet Systems and Related Components 712.4.1
Water Heater Relief Valve Drain Tubes 504.6
Water Closet Personal Hygiene Devices 424.9
Plastic Fittings for Connecting Water Closets to the Sanitary Drainage System 405.4
Floor-affixed Supports for Off-the-floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use 405.4.3
Framing-affixed Supports for Off-the-floor Water Closets with Concealed Tanks 405.4.3
Floor and Trench Drains 412.1
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
103
REFERENCED STANDARDS
Al 12.6.4— 2003 (R2008)
Al 12.6.7— 2001
(Reaffirmed 2007)
Al 12.6.9—05
All 2. 14.1— 2003
Al 12.14.3— 2000
Al 12.14.4— 2001
(Reaffirmed 2007)
Al 12.18.1— 2005/
CSAB 125. 1—2005
Al 12. 18.2— 2005/
CSAB125.1— 2010
Al 12.18.3 — 2002
(Reaffirmed 2008)
Al 12.18.6/
CSAB125.6— 2010
A112.18.7— 1999
(Reaffirmed 2004)
A112.I9.1M/
CSA B45.2— 2008
Al 12. 19.2— 2008/
CSA B45. 1—08
A112.19.3M— 2008/
CSA B45.4— 08
Al 12. 19.5/
CSA B45. 15— 2009
A112.19.7M/
CSA B45.1 0—2009
A112.19.9M— 1991
(R2002)
Al 12.19.12— 2006
Al 12.19.15—2005
Al 12.19. 19— 2006
A112.36.2M— 1991
(R2008)
Bl.20.1— 1983(R2006)
B 16.3—2006
B 16.4—2006
B 16.9—2007
B 16.11—2005
B16.12— 1998
(Reaffirmed 2006)
B 16. 15— 2006
B 16.18—2001
(Reaffirmed 2005)
B 16. 22— 2001
(Reaffirmed 2005)
B 16. 23— 2002
(Reaffirmed 2006)
B 16.26—2006
B 16.28—1994
B 16.29—2007
ASME— continued
Roof, Deck, and Balcony Drains 1 102.6
Enameled and Epoxy-coated Cast-iron and PVC Plastic Sanitary Floor Sinks 427.1
Siphonic Roof Drains 1107.1
Backwater Valves 715.2
Grease Interceptors 1003.3.4
Grease Removal Devices 1 003.3.4
Plumbing Supply Fittings 424.1, 424.2, 424.3, 424.4, 424.6, 607.4, 608.2
Plumbing Waste Fittings with 2007 and 2008 Supplements 424.1.2
Performance Requirements for Backflow Protection Devices and Systems
in Plumbing Fixture Fittings 424.2,424.6
Flexible Water Connectors 605.6
Deck mounted Bafh/Sbower Transfer Valves with Integral Backflow Protection 424.8
Enameled Cast Iron and Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 410.1, 415.1, 416.1, 418.1
Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures 401.2, 405.9, 407.1, 408.1, 410.1, 415.1 , 416.1, 417.1, 418.1, 419.1, 420.1
Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures 405.9, 407.1, 415.1, 416.1, 418.1, 420.1
Trim for Water-closet Bowls, Tanks and Urinals 425.4
Hydromassage Bathtub Appliances 421.1,421.4
Nonvitreous Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures with 2002 Supplement 407.1, 408.1, 410.1, 419.1
Wall Mounted and Pedestal Mounted, Adjustable, Elevating, Tilting and
Pivoting Lavatory, Sink and Shampoo Bowl Carrier Systems and Drain Systems 416.4,418.3
Bathtub/Whirlpool Bathtubs with Pressure Sealed Doors 407.4,421.6
Vitreous China Nonwater Urinals 419. 1
Cleanouts 708.2
Pipe Threads, General Purpose (inch) 605.10.3,605.12.3,605.14.4,605.16.3,
605.18.1, 605.22.3, 705.2.3, 705.4.3,
705.9.4,705.12.1,705.14.3
Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings Classes 150 and 300 Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7
Gray Iron Threaded Fittings Classes 125 and 250 Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 1 02.7
Factory-made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7
Forged Fittings, Socket-welding and Threaded Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7
Cast-iron Threaded Drainage Fittings Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7
Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 1 02.7
Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7
Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 1 02.7
Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings DWV Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7
Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes Table 605.5, Table 702,4, Table 1 102.7
Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns Table 605.5, Table 702,4, Table 1 102.7
Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage
Fittings (DWV) Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
ASPE
American Society of Plumbing Engineers
8614 Catalpa Avenue, Suite 1007
Chicago, IL 60656-1 116
Standard
reference
number
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
45—2007
Siphonic Roof Drainage Systems 1 1 07. 1
104
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
REFERENCED STANDARDS
ASSE
American Society of Sanitary Engineering
901 Canterbury Road, Suite A
Westlake, OH 44145
Standard
reference
number
1001—08
1002—08
1003—09
1004—08
1005—99
1008—06
1010—04
1011—04
1012—09
1013—09
1015—09
1016—2010
1017—2010
1018—2010
1019—2010
1020—04
1022—03
1024—04
1035—08
1037—90
1044—2010
1047—2009
1048—2009
1049—2009
1050—2009
1051—2009
1052—04
1055—2009
1056—2010
1060—2006
1061—2010
1062—2006
1066—97
1069—05
1070—04
1079—2005
5013—2009
5015—2009
5020—2009
Title
- Referenced
in code
section number
Performance Requirementsfor Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers . .425.2, Table 608.1, 608.13.6,608.16.4.1
Performance Requirements for Antisiphon Fill Valves (Ballcocks) for
Gravity Water Closet Flush Tanks 425.3. 1,1 able 608.1
Performance Requirements for Water Pressure Reducing Valves 604.8
Performance Requirements for Backflow Prevention Requirements for
Commercial Dishwashing Machines W9A
Performance Requirements for Water Heater Drain Valves 50l -3
Performance Requirements for Plumbing Aspects of Food Waste Disposer Units 413.1
Performance Requirements for Water Hammer Arresters °04.9
Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers Table608. 1,608.13.6
.Table 608. 1,608. 13.3, 608. 16.2
,608.16.1,608.16.10
.1002.4
Performance Requirements for Backflow Preventers with Intermediate
Atmospheric Vent
Performance Requirements for Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow
Preventers and Reduced Pressure Principle Fire Protection Backflow ,„„,,„,.„,,.
Preventers Table608.1, 608.13.2, 60s. 16.2
Performance Requirements for Double Check Backflow Prevention
Assemblies and Double Check Fire Protection Backflow Prevention Assemblies lable6US.l ,oOS.U./
Performance Requirements for Individual Thermostatic, Pressure Balancing
and Combination Control Valves for Individual Fixture Fittings 424.3, 424.4, 60 I A
Performance Requirements for Temperature Actuated Mixing Valves for
Hot Water Distribution Systems 501.2,613.1
Performance Requirements for Trap Seal Primer Valves; Potable Water Supplied 1002.4
Performance Requirements for Vacuum Breaker Wall Hydrants, Freeze Resistant,
Automatic Draining Type Table 608.1, 608.13.6
Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly Table 608.1, 608.13.5
Performance Requirements for Backflow Preventer for Beverage
Dispensing Equipment Table 608.
Performance Requirements for Dual Check Valve Type Backflow Preventers
(for Residential Supply Service or Individual Outlets) 605.3.1, laoieoOS.l
Performance Requirements for Laboratory Faucet Backflow Preventers Table 608. 1,608. 13. 6
Performance Requirements for Pressurized Flushing Devices for Plumbing Fixtures 425.2
Performance Requirements for Trap Seal Primer Devices Drainage Types and
Electronic Design Types
Performance Requirements for Reduced Pressure Detector Fire Protection
Backflow Prevention Assemblies Table 608. 1, 608. 13.2
Performance Requirements for Double Check Detector Fire Protection
Backflow Prevention Assemblies Table 608. 1,608. 13.7
Performance Requirements for Individual and Branch Type Air Admittance Valves for
Chemical Waste Systems 9<J] .3, 918.8
Performance Requirements for Stack Air Admittance Valves for Sanitary Drainage Systems 918.1
Performance Requirements for Individual and Branch Type Air Admittance Valves for
Sanitary Drainage Systems-fixture and Branch Devices 9i '■
Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Backflow Preventers Table 608. 1 , 608. 1 3.6
Performance Requirements for Chemical Dispensing Systems 608.13.9
Performance Requirements for Spill Resistant Vacuum Breaker Table 608. 1,608.13.5, 608. 13.8
Performance Requirements for Outdoor Enclosures for Fluid Conveying Components 608.14.1
Performance Requirements for Removable and Nonremovable Push Fit Fittings Table 605.5
Performance Requirements for Temperature Actuated, Flow Reduction Valves to
Individual Supply Fittings
Performance Requirements for Individual Pressure Balancing In-line Valves for
Individual Fixture Fittings 6U4 ' ' l
Performance Requirements for Automatic Temperature Control Mixing Valves 424.4
Performance Requirements for Water-temperature Limiting Devices 408.3, 416^5 424 5 607.1.2
Performance Requirements for Dielectric Pipe Unions 605.24. 1 , 005. Z4.3
Performance Requirements for Testing Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow
Prevention Assembly (RPA) and Reduced Pressure Fire Protection Backflow Preventers (RFP)
Performance Requirements for Testing Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention
Assemblies (DC) and Double Check Fire Protection Backflow Prevention Assemblies (DCF) 312.10.2
Performance Requirements for Testing Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies (PVBA) 312.10.2
312.10.2
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
105
REFERENCED STANDARDS
5047—98
5048—2009
5052—98
5056—98
ASSE — continued
Performance Requirements for Testing Reduced Pressure Detector Fire Protection
Backflow Prevention Assemblies (RPDA) 312 10 2
Performance Requirements for Testing Double Check Valve Detector Assembly (DCDA) .. .312T02
Performance Requirements for Testing Hose Connection Backflow Preventers ! 3 12. 102
Performance Requirements for Testing Spill Resistant Vacuum Breaker (SRVB) '. 312.1 0.2
ASTM
ASTM International
1 00 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
Standard
reference
number
A 53/A 53M— 07
A 74— 09
A312/A312M— 08a
A 733—03
A 778—01
A 888—09
B 32—08
B 42— 02e01
B 43—98(2004)
B 75—02
B 88—03
B 152/B I52M— 06a
B 251— 02e01
B 302—07
B 306— 09
B 447—07
B 687— 99(2005)e01
B 813—00(2009)
B 828—02
C 4— 04e01
C 14—07
C 76— 08a
C 296—00(2004)
C 425—04
C 428—05(2006)
C 443— 05a
C 508—00(2004)
C 564—08
C 700— 07a
C 1053—00(2005)
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-dipped, Zinc -coated ~ " — ~
Welded and Seamless Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 702.1
Specification for Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, 708.2, 708.7, Table 1 102.4,
.,. . Table 1 102.5, Table 1 1.02.7
Specification for Seamless, Welded, And Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic
Stainless Steel Pipes Table 605.3, Table 605.4,
Table 605.5, 605.23.2
Specification for Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and Austenitic
Stainless Steel Pipe Nipples Table605 8
Specification for Welded Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel
Tubular Products Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5
Specification for Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary
and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Application Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4. 708.7. Table 1 102.4,
.. Table 11 02.5, Table 1102.7
Specification for Solder Metal 605.14.3,605.15.4,705.9.3,705.10.3
Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 702.1
Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.3^ Table 605 A Table 702' 1
Specification for Seamless Copper Tube Table 605.3,Table 605.4, Table 702.1,
Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4
Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 702. 1 ,
Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4
Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip Plate and Rolled Bar 402.3, , 417.5.2.4, 425.3.3. 902.2
Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper
and Copper-alloy Tube Table 605.3. Table 605.4, Table 702.1.
c . c . . Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 1102.4
Specification for Threadless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.3, Table 605 4 Table 70? 1
Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV) Table 702.1. Table 7022 Table 1 102 4
Specification for Welded Copper Tube Table 605 3< Tab]e m 4
Specification for Brass, Copper and Chromium-plated Pipe Nipples Table 605 8
Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering of Copper and '
Copper Alloy Tube 605.14.3,605.15.4,705.9.3 705 10 3
Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and
Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings 605.14.3, 605.15.4, 705 9 3 705 10 3
Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile .... Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102 5
Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain and Culvert Pipe . . . .Table 702.3' Table 1 1 02 4
Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain and Sewer Pipe Table 702 3' Table 1 102 4
Specification for Asbestos-cement Pressure Pipe ' Table 605 3
Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings ........ .105 15 105 \9
Specification for Asbestos-cement Nonpressure Sewer Pipe Table 702/2, Table 702.3
c .,. t . , T . c „ Table 702.4,' Table 1102.4
Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets 705 6 705 1 9
Specification for Asbestos-cement Underdrain Pipe Xable 1 102 5
Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 705 5 2 705 5 3 705 19
Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and ' ?
Perforated Table ?Q2 3> Tab]e m4>
c - f - t - t - n .,. ,-,, „. Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5
ijpeciticatton ior Borosilicate Glass Pipe and Fittings for Drain, Waste and Vent
(DWV) Applications ' Table 702.1, Table 702.4
106
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
REFERENCED STANDARDS
ASTM— continued
C 1 173 — 08 Specification for Flexible Transition Couplings for Underground Piping System 705.2.1, 705.6,
705.7.1,705.14.1.
705.15, 705.16.2,705.19
C 1277 — 08 Specification for Shielded Coupling Joining Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 705.5.3
C 1440 — 08 Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Gasket Materials for Drain,
Waste, and Vent (DWV). Sewer, Sanitary and Storm Plumbing Systems 705.19
C 1460 — 08 Specification for Shielded Transition Couplings for Use with Dissimilar DWV
Pipe and Fittings Above Ground 705.19
C 1461 — 08 Specification for Mechanical Couplings Using Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE)
Gaskets for Joining Drain, Waste and Vent (DWV) Sewer, Sanitary and Storm Plumbing
Systems for Above and Below Ground Use 705. 19
C 1540 — 08 Specification for Heavy Duty Shielded Couplings Joining Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings .... 705.5.3
C 1563 — 08 Standard Test Method for Gaskets for Use in Connection with Hub and Spigot
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary Drain, Waste, Vent and Storm Piping Applications .... 705.5.2
D 1527—99(2005) Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 Table 605.3
D 1785—06 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 and 120 Table605.3
D 1869— 95(2005)el Specification for Rubber Rings for Asbestos-cement Pipe 605.11,605.24,705.3,705.19
D 2235 — 04 Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Plastic Pipe and Fittings 605.10.2, 705.2.2. 705.2.2, 705.7.2
D 2239—03 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on
Controlled Inside Diameter Table 605.3
D 2241—05 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-rated Pipe (SDR-Series) Table 605.3
D 2282— 99e0 1(2005) Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Table 605.3
D 2464 — 06 Specification for Threaded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80 Table 605.5
D 2466—06 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 Table 605.5
D 2467—06 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 Table 605.5
D 2468 — 96a Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 40 Table605.5
D 2564— 04e0 1 Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Piping Systems 605.22.2,705.8.2,705.14.2
D 2609—02(2008) Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe Table 605.5
D 2657 — 07 Practice for Heat Fusion-joining of Polyolefin Pipe and Fitting Waste,
and Vent Pipe and Fittings 605.19.2,705.16.1
D 266 1 — 08 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40
Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, 705.2.2, 705.7.2.
Table 11 02.4, Table 1102.7
D 2665—09 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste,
and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2,
Table 702.3, Table 702.4,
Table 1102.4, Table 1102.7
D 2672— 96a(2003) Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent Cement Table 605.3
D 2683 — 04 Standard Specification for Socket-type Polyethylene fittings for Outside
Diameter-controlled Polyethylene Pipe and Tubing Table 605.5
D 2729—03 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 1 102.5 , Table 1 303. 10
D 2737—03 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing Table 605.3
D 2751 — 05 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe
and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.7
D 2846/D 2846M— 09 Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot and
Cold Water Distribution Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5. 605.16.2
D 2855 — 96(2002) Standard Practice for Making Solvent-cemented Joints with
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings 605.22.2,705.8.2,705.14.2
D 2949—0 1 a(2008) Specification for 3.25-in Outside Diameter Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702. 1 , Table 702.2, Table 702.3.
Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
D 3034—08 Specification for Type PSM Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.7
D 3035—08 Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR) Based on
Controlled Outside Diameter Table605.3
D 3139—98(2005) Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals 605.10.1,605.22.1
D 3212 — 07 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using
Flexible Elastomeric Seals 705.2.1,705.7.1.705.8.1.705.14.1,705.16.2
D 3261 — 03 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic fittings
for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing Table 605.5
D 33 1 1—08 Specification for Drain, Waste and Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns Table 1 1 02.7
D 4068 — 01 Specification for Chlorinated Polyethlene (CPE) Sheeting for Concealed
Water-containment Membrane 417.5 .2.2
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 107
REFERENCED STANDARDS
D 4551—96(2008) el
F 405— 05
F 409—02 (2008)
F 437—06
F 438—04
F 439—06
F 44 1/F 44 1M— 02(2008)
F 442/F 442M— 99(2005) el
F 477—08
F 493—04
F 628—08
F 656— 08
F 714— 08
F 876— 08b
F 877—07
F 891—07
F 1055—98(2006)
F 1281—07
F 1282—06
F 1412—09
F 1488—03
F 1673—04
F 1807—08
F 1866—07
F 1960—09
F 1974—08
F 1986—01(2006)
F 2080—08
F 2098—08
F 2159— 05
F 2262—05
F 2306/F 2306M— 08
F2389— 07el
F 2434—08
ASTM — co nti n ued
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed
Water-containment Membrane 417 .5 .2.1
Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings Table 1102.5, Table 1303.10
Specification for Thermoplastic Accessible and Replaceable Plastic Tube
and Tubular Fittings 424.1.2, Table 1102.7
Specification for Threaded Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80 Table605.5
Specification for Socket-type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 40 Table 605.5
Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80 Table605.5
Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe,
Schedules 40 and 80 Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe 605.24,705.19
Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Plastic Pipe and Fittings 605.16.2
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe with a Cellular Core Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, 705.2.2, 705.7.2, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.7
Specification for Primers for Use in Solvent Cement Joints of
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings 605.22.2,705.8.2,705.14.2
Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Outside Diameter Table 702.3
Specification for Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Specification for Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Plastic Hot and
Cold Water Distribution Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5
Specification for Coextruded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
with a Cellular Core Table 702.1 Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5, Table 1102.7
Standard Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyethylene Fittings for
Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene Pipe and Tubing Table 605.5
Specification for Cross-linked Polyethylene/ Aluminum/ Cross-linked Polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX) Pressure Pipe Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5, 605.21.1
Specification for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE)
Composite Pressure Pipe Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5, 605.21.1
Specification for Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings for Corrosive Waste Drainage Table 702.1, Table 702.2,
Table 702.4, 705.17.1
Specification for Coextruded Composite Pipe Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 1303.10
Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Corrosive Waste Drainage Systems . . .Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, 705.18.1
Specification for Metal Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper Crimp Ring for
SDR9 Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table605.5
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Schedule 40 Drainage and
DWV Fabricated Fittings Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Specification for Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX Reinforcing Rings for use with Cross-linked
Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table605.5
Specification for Metal Insert Fittings for Polyethylene/ Aluminum/Polyethylene and
Cross-linked Polyethylene/ Aluminum/Cross-linked Polyethylene Composite
Pressure Pipe Table 605.5, 605.21.1
Specification for Multilayer Pipe, Type 2, Compression Fittings and Compression
Joints for Hot and Cold Drinking Water Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5
Specifications for Cold-expansion Fittings with Metal Compression-sleeves for
Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe Table605.5
Standard specification for Stainless Steel Clamps for Securing SDR9 Cross-linked Polyethylene
(PEX) Tubing to Metal Insert Fittings Table605.5
Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper Crimp Ring for SDR9 Cross-linked
Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table605.5
Specification for Cross-linked Polyethylene/ Aluminum/Cross-linked Polyethylene Tubing
OD Controlled SDR9 Table 605.3, Table 605.4
1 2" to 60" Annular Corrugated Profile-wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for
Gravity Flow Storm Sewer and Subsurface Drainage Applications Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.7
Specification for Pressure-rated Polypropylene (PP) Piping Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4,
Table 605.5, 605 .20.1
Standard Specification for Metal Insert Fittings Utilizing a
Copper Crimp Ring for SDR9 Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing and SDR9
Cross-linked Polyethylene/ Aluminum/ Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX AL-PEX) Tubing Table 605.5
108
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
REFERENCED STANDARDS
F 2735—09
F 2769—09
ASTM— continued
Standard Specification for SDR9 Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) and
Raised Temperature (PE-RT) Tubing Table 605.5
Polyethylene or Raised Temperature (PE-RT) Plastic Hot and Cold Water Tubing
and Distribution Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4
AWS
American Welding Society
550 N.W. LeJeune Road
Miami, FL 33 1 26
Standard
reference
number
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
A5.8— 04
Specifications for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding
605.12.1,605.14.1,
605.15.1, 705.4.1, 705.9.1, 705.10.1
AWWA
C 104— 98
C110/A21.10— 03
CI 11— 00
C115/A21.15— 99
C151/A21.51— 02
C153— 00/A21.53— 00
C510— 00
C511— 00
C651— 99
C652— 02
C901— 08
C904— 08
American Water Works Association
6666 West Quincy Avenue
Denver, CO 80235
Standard
Referenced
reference
in code
number
Title
section number
Standard for Cement-mortar Lining for Ductile-iron Pipe and Fittings for Water 605.3, 605.5
Standard for Ductile-iron and Gray-iron Fittings, 3 Inches through 48 Inches,
for Water Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Standard for Rubber-gasket Joints for Ductile-iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings 605.13
Standard for Flanged Ductile-iron Pipe with Ductile-iron or Gray-iron
Threaded Flanges Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Standard for Ductile-iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast for Water Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Standard for Ductile-iron Compact Fittings for Water Service Table 605.5
Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Assembly Table 608. 1, 608.1 3.7
Reduced-pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly Table 608.1, 608.13.2, 608.16.2
Disinfecting Water Mains 610.1
Disinfection of Water-storage Facilities 610.1
Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Tubing '/, inch (13 mm)
Through 3 inch (76 mm) for Water Service Table 605.3
Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure Pipe '/ 2 inch (13 mm)
Through 3 inch (76 mm) for Water Service Table 605.3
CISPT
301— 04a
310—04
Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute
5959 Shallowford Road, Suite419
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Standard
Referenced
reference
in code
number
Title
section number
Specification for Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary
and Storm Drain, Waste and Vent Piping Applications Table 702. 1 , Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, 708.7, Table 1 102.4,
Table 11 02.5, Table 1102.7
Specification for Coupling for Use in Connection with Hubless Cast-iron
Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste and Vent Piping Applications 705.5.3
Canadian Standards Association
5060 Spectrum Way
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6
Standard
reference
number
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
A257.1M-
A257.2M-
-92
-92
Circular Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, Sewer Pipe and Fittings
Reinforced Circular Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, Sewer Pipe and Fittings
.Table 702.3, Table 11 02.4
.Table 702.3, Table 1102.4
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
109
REFERENCED STANDARDS
A257.3M— 92
ASMEA1 12.18.1/
CSAB125.1— 05
ASMEA112.18.2/
CSAB125.2— 05
ASMEA112.9.2/B45.1-
ASMEA112.19.1/
CSAB45.2— 08
ASME AU2.19.3/
CSA B45.4— 08
ASME Al 12.19.5/
CSA B45. 15 — 09
ASME All 2. 19.7/
CSAB45.10— 09
B45.5— 02(R2008)
B45.9— 99(R2008)
B 64.1. 1—01
B64. 1.2—07
B 64.1.3— 07
B 64.2— 01
B 64.2.1— 07
B64.2. 1.1—07
B64.2.2— 01
B64.3— 01
B64.4— 01
B64.4. 1—07
B64.5— 07
B64.5.1— 07
B64.6— 07
B64.7— 07
B64.10— 07
B64.10— 01
B79— 08
B125.3— 2005
B137.1— 05
B137.2— 05
Bl 37.3—05
B137.5— 05
B 137.6— 05
B137.9— 02
B137.10M— 02
B137.ll— 05
B181.1— 06
B 181.2—06
B 181. 3— 02
B182.1— 06
B 182.2— 06
B 182.4—02
Bl 82.4— 06
B182.6— 06
B 182.8— 06
8356—00(2005)
B483.1— 07
B481.3
CSA — continued
Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Manhole Sections and
Fittings Using Rubber Gaskets 705.6,705.19
Plumbing Supply Fittings 424.1, 424.2, 424.3, 424.4, 424.6, 607.4, 608.2
Plumbing Waste Fittings 424.1.2
Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures 401.2,405.9,407.1,408.1,410.1,415.1,416.1,417.1,418.1,419.1,420.1
Enameled Cast-iron and Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 410.1, 415.1, 416.1, 418.1
Stainless-steel Plumbing Fixtures 405.9,407.1,415.1,416.1,418.1,420.1
Trim for Water Closet Bowls and Tanks 425.4
Hydromassage Bathtub Appliances 421.1, 421.4
Plastic Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 416.2, 417.1, 419.1, 420.1
Macerating Systems and Related Components 712.4.1
Vacuum Breakers, Atmospheric Type (AVB) 425.2, Table 608.1, 608.13.6, 608.16.4.1
Pressure Vacuum Breakers, (PVB) Table608. 1,608.13.5
Spill Resistant Pressure Vacuum Breaks (SRPVB) 608.13.8
Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB) Table608. 1,608.13.6
Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection (HCVB) with Manual Draining Feature Table 608. 1,608. 13.6
Hose Connection Dual Check Vacuum Breakers, (HCDVB) Table 608. 1,608.13.6
Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB) with Automatic Draining Feature . . . Table 608. 1,608. 13. 6
Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type with Atmospheric Port
(DCAP) Table 608. 1,608. 13.3, 608.1 6.2
Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure Principle Type (RP) Table 608.1, 608.13.2, 608.16.2
Reduced Pressure Principle for Fire Sprinklers (RPF) Table608.1,608.13.2
Double Check Backflow Preventers (DCVA) Table 608. 1,608. 13.7
Double Check Valve Backflow Preventer for Fire Systems (DCVAF) Table 608. 1 608.13.7
Dual Check Backflow Preventers Valve (DuC) 605.3.1, Table 608.1
Laboratory Faucet Vacuum Breakers (LFVB) Table 608. 1,608.13.6
Manual for the Selection and Installation of Backflow Prevention Devices 3 12.10.2
Manual for the Selection, Installation, Maintenance and Field Testing of Backflow
Prevention Devices 312.10.2
Commercial and Residential Drains, and Cleanouts 412.1
Plumbing Fittings 408.3, 416.5, 424.4, 424.5, 425.2, 425.3.1, Table 608.1
Polyethylene (PE) Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Cold Water Pressure Services Table 605.3 , Table 605.5
Polyvinylchloride PVC Injection-moulded Gasketed Fittings for Pressure
Applications Table 605.5
Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe for Pressure Applications Table 605.3, Table 605.4,
Table 605.5, 605.22.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2
Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Systems for Pressure Applications Table 605.3,
Table 605.4, Table 605.5
CPVC Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Hot and Cold Water Distribution Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Polyethylene/ Aluminum/Polyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe Systems . . .Table 605.3, Table 605.5, 605.21.1
Cross-linked Polyethylene/ Aluminum/Polyethylene Composite
Pressure Pipe Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5, 605.21.1
Polypropylene (PP-R) Pipe and Fittings for Pressure Applications Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ABS Drain, Waste and Vent Pipe and
Pipe Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702,2, Table 702.3. Table 702.4,
705.2.2, 705.7.2, 715.2, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.7
Polyvinylchloride PVC and chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC)
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings Table 702.1 Table 702.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2, 715.2
Polyolefin Laboratory Drainage Systems Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4, 705.17.1
Plastic Drain and Sewer Pipe and Pipe Fittings 705.8.2, 705.14.2, Table 1 102.4
PSM Type Polyvinylchloride PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5
Profile PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5
Profile Polyvinylchloride PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5
Profile Polyethylene Sewer Pipe and Table 1 102.5
Profile Polyethylene (PE) Storm Sewer and Drainage Pipe and Fittings Table 1 102.5
Water Pressure Reducing Valves for Domestic Water Systems 604.8
Drinking Water Treatment Units 61 1.1, 61 1.2
Sizing, Selection, Location and Installation of Grease Interceptors 1003.3.4
110
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
B481.1— 07
B602— 02
REFERENCED STANDARDS
CSA — continued
Testing and Rating of Grease interceptors Using Lard
Mechanical Couplings for Drain, Waste and Vent Pipe and Sewer Pipe
1003.3.4
. . 705.2.1, 705.5.3, 705.6, 705.7.1,
705.14.1,705.15,705.16.2,705.19
Standard
reference
number
IBC— 12
IECC— 12
IFC— 12
IFGC— 12
IMC— 12
IPSDC— 12
IRC— 12
International Code Council, Inc.
500 New lersey Ave, NW
6th Floor
Washington, DC 20001 _____
~~ Referenced
in code
■__■__]__. section number
"international Building Code® 7 .201.3, 307.1, 307.2, 307.3, 308.2, 309.1, 309.2, 310. l7
310.3, 315.1, 403.1, Table 403.1, 403.4, 404.1, 407.3, 417.6,
502.4, 606.5.2, 1 106.5
International Energy Conservation Code® 313.1
International Fire Code® 201 - 3 > 1201 - 1
International Fuel Gas Code® 101.2,201.3,502.1
International Mechanical Code® 201.3, 307.6, 310.1,422.9, 502.1, 612.1, 1202.1
International Private Sewage Disposal Code® 701 .2
International Residential Code® ■ ■ ■ • t01-2
ISEA
Standard
reference
number
Z358.1— 98
International Safety Equipment Association
1901 N. Moore Street, Suite 808
Arlington, VA 22209
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment 411.1
NFPA
Standard
reference
number
50—01
51—07
70—11
99C— 05
National Fire Protection Association
1 Batterymarch Park
Quincy, MA 02169-7471
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites 1203.1
Design and Installation of Oxygen-fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes 1203. 1
National Electric Code 502.1,504.3, 1114.1.3
Gas and Vacuum Systems
.1202.1
NSF
Standard
reference
number
3—2008
14— 2008e
18—2007
42— 2007ae
44—2007
53— 2007a
58—2007
61—2008
62—2007
NSF International
789 Dixboro Road
Ann Arbor. M I 48 1 05
Referenced
in code
j- t | e section number
Commercial Warewashing Equipment 409. 1
Plastic Piping System Components and Related Materials 303.3, 61 1 .3
Manual Food and Beverage Dispensing Equipment 426.1
Drinking Water Treatment Units-Aesthetic Effects 61 1.1.611.3
Residential Cation Exchange Water Softeners 611.1,611.3
Drinking Water Treatment Units-Health Effects 611.1,611.3
Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Treatment Systems 61 1 .2,611 .3
Drinking Water System Components-Health Effects 410.1,424.1,605.3,605.4,605.5,605.7,611.3
Drinking Water Distillation Systems 611.1
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
111
REFERENCED STANDARDS
PDI
Standard
reference
number
G1 01(2003)
G102
Plumbing and Drainage Institute
800 Turnpike Street, Suite 300
North Andover, MA 0J 845
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
Testing and Rating Procedure for Grease Interceptors with Appendix of Sizing and Installation Data . . 1 003.3.4
Testing and Certification for Grease Interceptors with Fog Sensing and Alarm Devices 1003.3.4
UL
Standard
reference
number
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook, IL 60062-2096
Title
508—99
Referenced
in code
section number
Industrial Cont rol Equipment - with revision through April 2010
.314.2.3
112
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX A
PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
Permit Issuance
1. For issuing each permit $
2. For issuing each supplemental permit
Unit Fee Schedule
1 . For each plumbing fixture or trap or set of fixtures on one trap (including water, drainage piping
and backflow protection thereof)
2. For each building sewer and each trailer park sewer
3. Rainwater systems — per drain (inside building)
4. For each cesspool (where permitted)
5. For each private sewage disposal system
6. For each water heater and/or vent
7. For each industrial waste pretreatment interceptor including its trap and vent, excepting
kitchen-type grease interceptors functioning as fixture traps
8. For installation, alteration or repair of water-piping and/or water-treating equipment, each
9. For repair or alteration of drainage or vent piping, each fixture
10. For each lawn sprinkler system on any one meter including backflow protection devices therefor
11. For atmospheric-type vacuum breakers not included in Item 2:
1 to 5
over 5, each
12. For each backflow protective device other than atmospheric-type vacuum breakers:
2 inches (51 mm) and smaller
Over 2 inches (5 1 mm)
Other Inspections and Fees
1. Inspections outside of normal business hours (minimum charge two hours) per hour
2. Reinspection fee assessed under provisions of Section 107.4.3 each
3. Inspections for which no fee is specifically indicated (minimum charge one-half hour) per hour
4. Additional plan review required by changes, additions or revisions to approved
plans (minimum charge one-half hour) per hour
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 113
114 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX B
RATES OF RAINFALL FOR VARIOUS CITIES
This appendix is informative and is not part of the code.
Rainfall rates, in inches per hour, are based on a storm of 1-hour duration and a 100-year return period. The rainfall rates shown
in the appendix are derived from Figure 1 106.1.
Alabama:
Birmingham 3.8
Huntsville 3.6
Mobile 4.6
Montgomery 4.2
Alaska:
Fairbanks 1.0
Juneau 0.6
Arizona:
Flagstaff 2.4
Nogales 3.1
Phoenix 2.5
Yuma 1.6
Arkansas:
Fort Smith 3.6
Little Rock 3.7
Texarkana 3.8
California:
Barstow 1.4
Crescent City 1.5
Fresno 1.1
Los Angeles 2.1
Needles 1.6
Placerville 1.5
San Fernando 2.3
San Francisco 1.5
Yreka 1.4
Colorado:
Craig 1.5
Denver 2.4
Durango 1.8
Grand Junction 1.7
Lamar 3.0
Pueblo 2.5
Connecticut:
Hartford 2.7
New Haven 2.8
Putnam 2.6
Delaware:
Georgetown 3.0
Wilmington 3.1
District of Columbia:
Washington 3.2
Florida:
Jacksonville 4.3
Key West 4.3
Miami 4.7
Pensacola 4.6
Tampa 4.5
Georgia:
Atlanta 3.7
Dalton 3.4
Macon 3.9
Savannah 4.3
Thomasville 4.3
Hawaii:
Hilo 6.2
Honolulu 3.0
Wailuku 3.0
Idaho:
Boise 0.9
Lewiston 1.1
Pocatello 1.2
Illinois:
Cairo 3.3
Chicago 3.0
Peoria 3.3
Rockford 3.2
Springfield 3.3
Indiana:
Evansville 3.2
Fort Wayne 2.9
Indianapolis 3.1
Iowa:
Davenport 3.3
Des Moines 3.4
Dubuque 3.3
Sioux City 3.6
Kansas:
Atwood 3.3
Dodge City 3.3
Topeka 3.7
Wichita 3.7
Kentucky:
Ashland 3.0
Lexington 3.1
Louisville 3.2
Middlesboro 3.2
Paducah 3.3
Louisiana:
Alexandria 4.2
Lake Providence 4.0
New Orleans 4.8
Shreveport 3.9
Maine:
Bangor 2.2
Houlton 2.1
Portland 2.4
Maryland:
Baltimore 3.2
Hagerstown 2.8
Oakland 2.7
Salisbury 3.1
Massachusetts:
Boston 2.5
Pittsfield 2.8
Worcester 2.7
Michigan:
Alpena 2.5
Detroit 2.7
Grand Rapids 2.6
Lansing 2.8
Marquette 2.4
Sault Ste. Marie 2.2
Minnesota:
Duluth 2.8
Grand Marais 2.3
Minneapolis 3.1
Moorhead 3.2
Worthington 3.5
Mississippi:
Biloxi 4.7
Columbus 3.9
Corinth 3.6
Natchez 4.4
Vicksburg 4.1
Missouri:
Columbia 3.2
Kansas City 3.6
Springfield 3.4
St. Louis 3.2
Montana:
Ekalaka 2.5
Havre 1.6
Helena 1.5
Kalispell 1.2
Missoula 1.3
Nebraska:
North Platte 3.3
Omaha 3.8
Scottsbluff 3.1
Valentine 3.2
Nevada:
Elko 1.0
Ely 1.1
Las Vegas 1 .4
Reno 1.1
New Hampshire:
Berlin 2.5
Concord 2.5
Keene 2.4
New Jersey:
Atlantic City 2.9
Newark 3.1
Trenton 3.1
New Mexico:
Albuquerque 2.0
Hobbs 3.0
Raton 2,5
Roswell 2.6
Silver City 1.9
New York:
Albany 2.5
Binghamton 2.3
Buffalo 2.3
Kingston 2.7
New York 3.0
Rochester 2.2
North Carolina:
Asheville 4.1
Charlotte 3.7
Greensboro 3.4
Wilmington 4.2
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
115
APPENDIX B
North Dakota:
Bismarck 2.8
Devils Lake 2.9
Fargo 3.1
Williston 2.6
Ohio:
Cincinnati 2.9
Cleveland 2.6
Columbus 2.8
Toledo 2.8
Oklahoma:
Altus 3.7
Boise City 3.3
Durant 3.8
Oklahoma City 3.8
Oregon:
Baker 0.9
Coos Bay 1.5
Eugene 1.3
Portland 1.2
Pennsylvania:
Erie 2.6
Harrisburg 2.8
Philadelphia 3.1
Pittsburgh 2.6
Scranton 2.7
Rhode Island:
Block Island 2.75
Providence 2.6
South Carolina:
Charleston 4.3
Columbia 4.0
Greenville 4. 1
South Dakota:
Buffalo 2.8
Huron 3.3
Pierre 3.1
Rapid City 2.9
Yankton 3.6
Tennessee:
Chattanooga 3.5
Knoxville 3.2
Memphis 3.7
Nashville 3.3
Texas:
Abilene 3.6
Amarillo 3.5
Brownsville 4.5
Dallas 4.0
Del Rio 4.0
El Paso 2.3
Houston 4.6
Lubbock 3.3
Odessa 3.2
Pecos 3.0
San Antonio 4.2
Utah:
BrighamCity 1.2
Roosevelt 1.3
Salt Lake City 1.3
St. George 1 .7
Vermont:
Barre 2.3
Bratteboro 2.7
Burlington 2.1
Rutland 2.5
Virginia:
Bristol 2.7
Charlottesville 2.8
Lynchburg 3.2
Norfolk 3.4
Richmond 3.3
Washington:
Omak 1.1
Port Angeles 1.1
Seattle 1.4
Spokane 1.0
Yakima 1.1
West Virginia:
Charleston 2.8
Morgantown 2.7
Wisconsin:
Ashland 2.5
Eau Claire 2,9
Green Bay 2.6
La Crosse 3.1
Madison 3.0
Milwaukee 3.0
Wyoming:
Cheyenne 2.2
Fort Bridger 1.3
Lander 1.5
New Castle 2.5
Sheridan 1.7
Yellowstone Park 1.4
116
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX C
VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
SECTION C101
VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
C101.1 Scope. This appendix provides general guidelines for
the requirements for vacuum drainage systems.
CIO 1.2 General requirements.
C101.2.1 System design. Vacuum drainage systems shall
be designed in accordance with manufacturer's recom-
mendations. The system layout, including piping layout,
tank assemblies, vacuum pump assembly and other com-
ponents/designs necessary for proper function of the sys-
tem shall be per manufacturer's recommendations. Plans,
specifications and other data for such systems shall be sub-
mitted to the local administrative authority for review and
approval prior to installation.
C101.2.2 Fixtures. Gravity-type fixtures used in vacuum
drainage systems shall comply with Chapter 4 of this code.
C101.2.3 Drainage fixture units. Fixture units for gravity
drainage systems which discharge into or receive dis-
charge from vacuum drainage systems shall be based on
values in Chapter 7 of this code.
C101.2.4 Water supply fixture units. Water supply fix-
ture units shall be based on values in Chapter 6 of this
code with the addition that the fixture unit of a vacuum-
type water closet shall be "1."
C101.2.5 Traps and cleanouts. Gravity-type fixtures
shall be provided with traps and cleanouts in accordance
with Chapters 7 and 10 of this code.
C 101.2.6 Materials. Vacuum drainage pipe, fitting and
valve materials shall be as recommended by the vacuum
drainage system manufacturer and as permitted by this
code.
C101.3 Testing and demonstrations. After completion of
the entire system installation, the system shall be subjected to
a vacuum test of 19 inches (483 mm) of mercury and shall be
operated to function as required by the administrative author-
ity and the manufacturer. Recorded proof of all tests shall be
submitted to the administrative authority.
C101.4 Written instructions. Written instructions for the
operations, maintenance, safety and emergency procedures
shall be provided by the building owner as verified by the
administrative authority.
2012 iNTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 117
118 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX D
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURE'
DEGREE
This appendix is informative and is not part of the code.
TABLE D101
DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES 3 FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
DESIGN TEMPERATURES
STATE
STATION"
HEATING
DEGREE DAYS
(yearly total)
Winter
Summer
DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE
97V 2 %
Dry bulb 27 2 %
Wet bulb 27 2 %
Birmingham
2,551
21
94
77
33°30'
Huntsville
3,070
16
96
77
34°40'
AL
Mobile
1,560
29
93
79
30°40'
Montgomery
2,291
25
95
79
32°20'
Anchorage
10,864
-18
68
59
61°10'
Fairbanks
14.279
-47
78
62
64°50'
AK
Juneau
9,075
1
70
59
58°20'
Nome
14,171
-27
62
56
64°30'
Flagstaff
7,152
4
82
60
35° 10'
Phoenix
1,765
34
107
75
33°30'
AZ
Tuscon
1,800
32
102
71
33° 10'
Yuma
974
39
109
78
32°40'
Fort Smith
3,292
17
98
79
35°20'
AR
Little Rock
3,219
20
96
79
34°40'
Texarkana
2,533
23
96
79
33°30'
Fresno
2,611
30
100
71
36°50'
Long Beach
1,803
43
80
69
33°50'
Los Angeles
2,061
43
80
69
34°00'
Los Angeles' 1
1,349
40
89
71
34°00'
CA
Oakland
2,870
36
80
64
37°40'
Sacramento
2,502
32
98
71
38°30'
San Diego
1,458
44
80
70
32°40'
San Francisco
3,015
38
77
64
37°40'
San Francisco 11
3,001
40
71
62
37°50'
Alamosa
8.529
-16
82
61
37°30'
Colorado Springs
6,423
2
88
62
38°50'
CO
Denver
6,283
1
91
63
39°50'
Grand Junction
5,641
7
94
63
39°10'
Pueblo
5,462
95
66
38°20'
Bridgeport
5,617
9
84
74
41°10'
CT
Hartford
6,235
7
88
75
4I°50'
New Haven
5,897
7
84
75
4P20'
DE
Wilmington
4,930
14
89
76
39°40'
DC
Washington
4,224
17
91
77
38°50'
Daytona
879
35
90
79
29° 10'
Fort Myers
442
44
92
79
26°40'
Jacksonville
1,239
32
94
79
30°30'
Key West
108
57
90
79
24°30'
Miami
214
47
90
79
25°50'
FL
Orlando
766
38
93
78
28°30'
Pensacola
1,463
29
93
79
30°30'
Tallahassee
1,485
30
92
78
30°20'
Tampa
683
40
91
79
28°00'
West Palm Beach
253
45
91
79
j 26°40'
(continued,
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
119
APPENDIX D
TABLE D1 01 —continued
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES 3 FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
STATE
STATION"
HEATING
DEGREE DAYS
(yearly total)
DESIGN TEMPERATURES
DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE
Winter
Summer
97V 2 %
Dry bulb 2V 2 %
Wet bulb 27 2 %
GA
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon
Rome
Savannah
2,929
2,961
2,397
2,383
2,136
3,326
1,819
22
22
23
24
25
22
27
92
92
95
93
93
93
93
77
76
79
78
78
78
79
34°00'
33°40'
33°20'
32°30'
32°40'
34°20'
32°10'
HI
Hilo
Honolulu
62
63
83
86
74
75
19=40'
21°20'
ID
Boise
Lewiston
Pocatello
5,809
5,542
7,033
10
6
-1
94
93
91
66
66
63
43°30'
46°20'
43°00'
IL
Chicago (Midway)
Chicago (O'Hare)
Chicago' 1
Moiine
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
6,155
6,639
5,882
6,408
6,025
6,830
5,429
-4
2
-4
-4
-4
2
91
89
91
91
89
89
92
75
76
77
77
76
76
77
41°50'
42°00'
41°50'
41°30'
40°40'
42° 10'
39°50'
IN
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
South Bend
4,435
6,205
5,699
6,439
9
1
2
1
93
89
90
89
78
75
76
75
38°00'
41°00'
39°40'
41°40'
IA
Burlington
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo
6,114
6,588
7,376
6,95 1
7,320
-3
-5
-7
-7
-10
91
91
88
92
89
77
77
75
77
77
40°50'
4P30'
42°20'
42°20'
42°30'
KS
Dodge City
Goodland
Topeka
Wichita
4,986
6,141
5,182
4,620
5
4
7
97
96
96
98
73
70
78
76
37°50'
39°20'
39°00'
37°40'
KY
Covington
Lexington
Louisville
5,265
4,683
4,660
6
8
10
90
91
93
75
76
77
39°00'
38°00'
38°10'
LA
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Lake Charles
New Orleans
Shreveport
1,921
1,560
1,459
1,385
2,184
27
29
31
33
25
94
93
93
92
96
79
80
79
80
79
31°20'
30°30'
30° 10'
30°00'
32°30'
ME
Caribou
Portland
9,767
7,511
-13
-1
81
84
69
72
46°50'
43°40'
MD
Baltimore
Baltimore' 1
Frederick
4,654
4,111
5,087
13
17
12
91
89
91
77
78
77
39° 10'
39°20'
39°20'
(continued)
120
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX D
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN
TABLE D101 — continued
TEMPERATURES" FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
STATE
STATION"
DESIGN TEMPERATURES
DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE
HEATING
DEGREE DAYS
(yearly total)
Winter
Summer
97V 2 %
Dry bulb 2V 2 %
Wet bulb 2 1 / 2 %
MA
Boston
Pittsfield
Worcester
5,634
7,578
6,969
9
-3
4
88
84
84
74
72
72
42°20'
42°30'
42°20'
MI
Alpena
Detroit (City)
3scanaba d
Flint
Grand Rapids
Lansing
Marquette' 5
Muskegon
Sault Ste. Marie
8,506
6,232
8,481
7,377
6,894
6,909
8,393
6,696
9,048
-6
6
-7
1
5
1
-8
6
-8
85
88
83
87
88
87
81
84
81
72
74
71
74
74
74
70
73
70
45°00'
42°20'
45°40'
43°00'
42°50'
42°50'
46°30'
43°10'
46°30'
MN
Duluth
Minneapolis
Rochester
10,000
8,382
8,295
-16
-12
-12
82
89
87
70
5
75
46°50'
44°50'
44°00'
MS
Jackson
Meridian
Vicksburg"
2,239
2,289
2,041
25
23
26
95
95
95
78
79
80
32°20'
32°20'
32°20'
MO
Columbia
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
St. Louis"
Springfield
5,046
4,711
5,484
4,900
4,484
4,900
4
6
2
6
8
9
94
96
93
94
94
93
77
77
79
77
77
77
39°00'
39° 10'
39°50'
38°50'
38°40'
37° 10'
MT
Billings
Great Falls
Helena
Missoula
7,049
7,750
8,129
8,125
-10
-15
-16
-6
91
88
88
88
66
62
62
63
45°50'
47°30'
46°40'
46°50'
NE
Grand Island
Lincoln 11
Norfolk
North Platte
Omaha
Scottsbluff
6,530
5,864
6,979
6,684
6,612
6,673
-3
-2
-4
-4
-3
-3
94
95
93
94
91
92
74
77
77
72
77
68
41°00'
40°50'
42°00'
41°10'
41°20'
41°50'
NV
Elko
Ely
Las Vegas
Reno
Winnemucca
7,433
7,733
2,709
6,332
6,761
-2
-4
28
10
3
92
87
106
92
94
62
59
70
62
62
40°50'
39° 10'
36° 10'
39°30'
40°50'
NH
Concord
7,383
-3
87
73
43°10'
N.I
Atlantic City
Newark
Trenton"
4,812
4,589
4,980
13
14
14
89
91
88
77
76
76
39°30'
40°40'
40°10'
NM
Albuquerque
Raton
Roswell
Silver City
4,348
6,228
3,793
3,705
16
1
18
10
94
89
98
94
65
64
70
64
35°00'
36°50'
33°20'
32°40'
(continued)
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
121
APPENDIX D
TABLE D101— continued
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES" FOR CITIES I
I THE UNITED STATES
STATE
STATION"
HEATING
DEGREE DAYS
(yearly total)
DESIGN TEMPERATURES
Winter
Summer
97'/ 2 %
Dry bulb 2'/ 2 %
Wet bulb 2V 2 %
LATITUDE
NY
Albany
Albany"
Binghamton
Buffalo
NY (Central Park)"
NY (Kennedy)
NY(LaGuardia)
Rochester
Schenectady"
Syracuse
6,875
6,201
7,286
7,062
4,871
5,219
4,811
6,748
6,650
6,756
-1
1
1
6
15
15
15
5
1
2
88
88
83
85
89
87
89
88
87
87
74
74
72
73
75
75
75
73
74
73
42°50'
42°50'
42° 10'
43°00'
40°50'
40°40'
40°50'
43°10'
42°50'
43° 10'
NC
Charlotte
Greensboro
Raleigh
Winston-Salem
3,181
3,805
3,393
3,595
22
18
20
20
93
91
92
91
76
76
77
75
35° 10'
36° 10'
35°50'
36°10'
ND
Bismarck
Devils Lake"
Fargo
Williston
8,851
9,901
9,226
9,243
-19
-21
-18
-21
91
88
89
88
71
71
74
70
46°50'
48° 10'
46°50'
48° 10'
OH
Akron- Can ton
Cincinnati"
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Mansfield
Sandusky"
Toledo
Youngstown
6,037
4,410
6,351
5,660
5,622
6,403
5.796
6,494
6,417
6
6
5
5
4
5
6
1
4
86
90
88
90
89
87
91
88
86
73
75
74
75
75
74
74
75
73
4F00'
39° 10'
41°20'
40°00'
39°50'
40°50'
41°30'
41°40'
41°20'
OK
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
3,725
3,860
13
13
97
98
77
78
35°20'
36°10'
OR
Eugene
Medford
Portland
Portland"
Salem
4,726
5,008
4,635
4,109
4,754
22
23
23
24
23
89
94
85
86
88
67
68
67
67
68
44°10'
42°20'
45°40'
45°30'
45°00'
PA
Allentown
Erie
Harrisburg
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh"
Reading"
Scranton
Williamsport
5,810
6,451
5,251
5,144
5,987
5,053
4,945
6,254
5,934
9
9
11
14
5
7
13
5
7
88
85
91
90
86
88
89
87
89
75
74
76
76
73
73
75
73
74
40°40'
42° 10'
40° 10'
39°50'
40°30'
40°30'
40°20'
41°20'
41° 10'
RI
Providence
5,954
9
86
74
41°40'
SC
Charleston
Charleston"
Columbia j
2,033
1,794
2,484
27
28
24
91
92
95
80
80
78
32°50'
32°50'
34°00'
(continued)
122
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX D
TABLE D1 01— continued
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
a. All data were extracted from the 1 985 ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals Volume.
b. Design data developed from airport temperature observations unless noted.
c. Latitude is given to the nearest 10 minutes. For example, the latitude for Miami, Florida, is given as 25°50'. or 25 degrees 50 minutes.
d. Design data developed from office locations within an urban area, not from airport temperature observations.
STATE
STATION"
HEATING
DEGREE DAYS
(yearly total)
DESIGN TEMPERATURES
DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE
Winter
Summer
977 2 %
Dry bulb 2V 2 %
Wet bulb 27 2 %
Huron
8,223
-14
93
75
44°30'
SD
Rapid City
7,345
-7
92
69
44°00'
Sioux Falls
7,839
-11
91
75
43°40'
Bristol
4,143
14
89
75
36°30'
Chattanooga
3,254
18
93
77
35°00'
TN
Knoxville
3,494
19
92
76
35°50'
Memphis
3,232
18
95
79
35°00'
Nashville
3,578
14
94
77
36° 10'
Abilene
2,624
20
99
74
32°30'
Austin
1,711
28
98
77
30°20'
Dallas
2,363
22
100
78
32°50'
El Paso
2,700
24
98
68
31°50'
Houston
1,396
32
94
79
29°40'
TX
Midland
2,591
21
98
72
32°00'
San Angelo
2,255
22
99
74
31°20'
San Antonio
1,546
30
97
76
29°30'
Waco
2,030
26
99
78
31°40'
Wichita Falls
2,832
18
101
76
34°00'
UT
Salt Lake City
6,052
8
95
65
40°50'
VT
Burlington
8,269
-7
85
72
44°30'
Lynchburg
4.166
16
90
76
37°20'
Norfolk
3,421
22
91
78
36°50'
VA
Richmond
3,865
17
92
78
37°30'
Roanoke
4,150
16
91
74
37°20'
Olympia
5,236
22
83
66
47°00'
Seattle-Tacoma
5,145
26
80
64
47°30'
WA
Seattle"
4,424
27
82
67
47°40'
Spokane
6,655
2
90
64
47°40'
Charleston
4,476
11
90
75
38°20'
Elkins
5,675
6
84
72
38°50'
wv
Huntington
4,446
10
91
77
38°20'
Parkersburg' 1
4,754
11
90
76
39°20'
Green Bay
8,029
-9
85
74
44°30'
La Crosse
7,589
-9
88
75
43°50'
WI
Madison
7,863
-7
88
75
43°10'
Milwaukee
7,635
-4
87
74
43°00'
Casper
7,410
-5
90
61
42°50'
Cheyenne
7.381
-1
86
62
41°10'
WY
Lander
7,870
-11
88
63
42°50'
Sheridan
7,680
-8
91
65
, 44°50'
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
123
124
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
SECTION E1 01
GENERAL
E101.1 Scope.
E101.1.1 This appendix outlines two procedures for sizing
a water piping system (see Sections E103.3 and E201.1).
The design procedures are based on the minimum static
pressure available from the supply source, the head
changes in the system caused by friction and elevation,
and the rates of flow necessary for operation of various
fixtures.
E101.1.2 Because of the variable conditions encountered
in hydraulic design, it is impractical to specify definite and
detailed rules for sizing of the water piping system.
Accordingly, other sizing or design methods conforming
to good engineering practice standards are acceptable
alternatives to those presented herein.
SECTION E102
INFORMATION REQUIRED
E102.1 Preliminary. Obtain the necessary information
regarding the minimum daily static service pressure in the
area where the building is to be located. If the building supply
is to be metered, obtain information regarding friction loss
relative to the rate of flow for meters in the range of sizes
likely to be used. Friction loss data can be obtained from most
manufacturers of water meters.
E102.2 Demand load.
El 02.2.1 Estimate the supply demand of the building main
and the principal branches and risers of the system by
totaling the corresponding demand from the applicable
part of Table El 03.3(3).
E102.2.2 Estimate continuous supply demands in gallons
per minute (L/m) for lawn sprinklers, air conditioners, etc.,
and add the sum to the total demand for fixtures. The
result is the estimated supply demand for the building sup-
ply.
SECTION E1 03
SELECTION OF PIPE SIZE
E103.1 General. Decide from Table 604.3 what is the desir-
able minimum residual pressure that should be maintained at
the highest fixture in the supply system. If the highest group
of fixtures contains flushometer valves, the pressure for the
group should be not less than 15 pounds per square inch (psi)
(103.4 kPa) flowing. For flush tank supplies, the available
pressure should be not less than 8 psi (55.2 kPa) flowing.
except blowout action fixtures must be not less than 25 psi
(172.4 kPa) flowing.
E103.2 Pipe sizing.
E103.2.1 Pipe sizes can be selected according to the fol-
lowing procedure or by other design methods conforming
to acceptable engineering practice and approved by the
administrative authority. The sizes selected must not be
less than the minimum required by this code.
El 03.2.2 Water pipe sizing procedures are based on a sys-
tem of pressure requirements and losses, the sum of which
must not exceed the minimum pressure available at the
supply source. These pressures are as follows:
1. Pressure required at fixture to produce required
flow. See Sections 604.3 and 604.5.
2. Static pressure loss or gain (due to head) is com-
puted at 0.433 psi per foot (9.8 kPa/m) of elevation
change.
Example: Assume that the highest fixture supply
outlet is 20 feet (6096 mm) above or below the
supply source. This produces a static pressure
differential of 20 feet by 0.433 psi/foot (2096 mm
by 9.8 kPa/m) and an 8.66 psi (59.8 kPa) loss.
3. Loss through water meter. The friction or pressure
loss can be obtained from meter manufacturers.
4. Loss through taps in water main.
5. Losses through special devices such as filters, soft-
eners, backflow prevention devices and pressure
regulators. These values must be obtained from the
manufacturers.
6. Loss through valves and fittings. Losses for these
items are calculated by converting to equivalent
length of piping and adding to the total pipe length.
7. Loss due to pipe friction can be calculated when the
pipe size, the pipe length and the flow through the
pipe are known. With these three items, the friction
loss can be determined. For piping flow charts not
included, use manufacturers' tables and velocity rec-
ommendations.
Note: For the purposes of all examples, the follow-
ing metric conversions are applicable:
1 cubic foot per minute = 0.4719 L/s
1 square foot = 0.0929 m 2
1 degree = 0.0175 rad
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa
1 inch = 25.4 mm
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
125
APPENDIX E
1 foot = 304.8 mm
1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m
E103.3 Segmented loss method. The size of water service
mains, branch mains and risers by the segmented loss
method, must be determined according to water supply
demand [gpm (L/m)], available water pressure [psi (kPa)] and
friction loss caused by the water meter and developed length
of pipe [feet (m)], including equivalent length of fittings. This
design procedure is based on the following parameters:
• Calculates the friction loss through each length of the
pipe.
• Based on a system of pressure losses, the sum of which
must not exceed the minimum pressure available at the
street main or other source of supply.
• Pipe sizing based on estimated peak demand, total
pressure losses caused by difference in elevation,
equipment, developed length and pressure required at
most remote fixture, loss through taps in water main,
losses through fittings, filters, backflow prevention
devices, valves and pipe friction.
Because of the variable conditions encountered in hydraulic
design, it is impractical to specify definite and detailed rales
for sizing of the water piping system. Current sizing methods
do not address the differences in the probability of use and
flow characteristics of fixtures between types of occupancies.
Creating an exact model of predicting the demand for a build-
ing is impossible and final studies assessing the impact of
water conservation on demand are not yet complete. The fol-
lowing steps are necessary for the segmented loss method.
1 . Preliminary. Obtain the necessary information regard-
ing the minimum daily static service pressure in the
area where the building is to be located. If the building
supply is to be metered, obtain information regarding
friction loss relative to the rate of flow for meters in the
range of sizes to be used. Friction loss data can be
obtained from manufacturers of water meters. It is
essential that enough pressure be available to overcome
all system losses caused by friction and elevation so
that plumbing fixtures operate properly. Section 604.6
requires the water distribution system to be designed
for the minimum pressure available taking into consid-
eration pressure fluctuations. The lowest pressure must
be selected to guarantee a continuous, adequate supply
of water. The lowest pressure in the public main usu-
ally occurs in the summer because of lawn sprinkling
and supplying water for air-conditioning cooling tow-
ers. Future demands placed on the public main as a
result of large growth or expansion should also be con-
sidered. The available pressure will decrease as addi-
tional loads are placed on the public system.
2. Demand load. Estimate the supply demand of the
building main and the principal branches and risers of
the system by totaling the corresponding demand from
the applicable part of Table E103.3(3). When estimat-
ing peak demand sizing methods typically use water
supply fixture units (w.s.f.u.) [see Table E103.3C2)].
This numerical factor measures the load-producing
effect of a single plumbing fixture of a given kind. The
use of such fixture units can be applied to a single basic
probability curve (or table), found in the various sizing
methods [Table E103.3(3)]. The fixture units are then
converted into gallons per minute (L/m) flow rate for
estimating demand.
2.1. Estimate continuous supply demand in gallons
per minute (L/m) for lawn sprinklers, air condi-
tioners, etc., and add the sum to the total
demand for fixtures. The result is the estimated
supply demand for the building supply. Fixture
units cannot be applied to constant use fixtures
such as hose bibbs, lawn sprinklers and air con-
ditioners. These types of fixtures must be
assigned the gallon per minute (L/m) value.
3. Selection of pipe size. This water pipe sizing procedure
is based on a system of pressure requirements and
losses, the sum of which must not exceed the minimum
pressure available at the supply source. These pressures
are as follows:
3.1. Pressure required at the fixture to produce
required flow. See Section 604.3 and Section
604.5.
3.2. Static pressure loss or gain (because of head) is
computed at 0.433 psi per foot (9.8 kPa/m) of
elevation change.
3.3. Loss through a water meter. The friction or
pressure loss can be obtained from the manu-
facturer.
3.4. Loss through taps in water main [see Table
El 03.3(4)].
3.5. Losses through special devices such as filters,
softeners, backflow prevention devices and
pressure regulators. These values must be
obtained from the manufacturers.
3.6. Loss through valves and fittings [see Tables
E103.3(5) and El 03.3(6)]. Losses for these
items are calculated by converting to equivalent
length of piping and adding to the total pipe
length.
3.7. Loss caused by pipe friction can be calculated
when the pipe size, the pipe length and the flow
through the pipe are known. With these three
items, the friction loss can be determined using
Figures E103.3(2) through El 03.3(7). When
using charts, use pipe inside diameters. For pip-
ing flow charts not included, use manufactur-
ers' tables and velocity recommendations.
Before attempting to size any water supply sys-
tem, it is necessary to gather preliminary infor-
mation which includes available pressure,
piping material, select design velocity, eleva-
tion differences and developed length to most
remote fixture. The water supply system is
divided into sections at major changes in eleva-
tion or where branches lead to fixture groups.
The peak demand must be determined in each
part of the hot and cold water supply system
126
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE" 3
APPENDIX E
which includes the corresponding water supply
fixture unit and conversion to gallons per min-
ute (L/m) flow rate to be expected through each
section. Sizing methods require the determina-
tion of the "most hydraulically remote" fixture
to compute the pressure loss caused by pipe and
fittings. The hydraulically remote fixture repre-
sents the most downstream fixture along the
circuit of piping requiring the most available
pressure to operate properly. Consideration
must be given to all pressure demands and
losses, such as friction caused by pipe, fittings
and equipment, elevation and the residual pres-
sure required by Table 604.3. The two most
common and frequent complaints about the
water supply system operation are lack of ade-
quate pressure and noise.
Problem: What size Type L copper water pipe, service and
distribution will be required to serve a two-story factory
building having on each floor, back-to-back, two toilet rooms
each equipped with hot and cold water? The highest fixture is
21 feet (6401 mm) above the street main, which is tapped
with a 2-inch (51 mm) corporation cock at which point the
minimum pressure is 55 psi (379.2 kPa). In the building base-
ment, a 2-inch (51 mm) meter with a maximum pressure drop
of 11 psi (75.8 kPa) and 3-inch (76 mm) reduced pressure
principle backflow preventer with a maximum pressure drop
of 9 psi (621 kPa) are to be installed. The system is shown by
Figure E103.3(l). To be determined are the pipe sizes for the
service main and the cold and hot water distribution pipes.
Solution: A tabular arrangement such as shown in Table
El 03.3(1) should first be constructed. The steps to be fol-
lowed are indicated by the tabular arrangement itself as
they are in sequence, columns 1 through 10 and lines A
through L.
Step 1
Columns 1 and 2: Divide the system into sections break-
ing at major changes in elevation or where branches lead
to fixture groups. After point B [see Figure E103.3(l)],
separate consideration will be given to the hot and cold
water piping. Enter the sections to be considered in the
service and cold water piping in Column 1 of the tabular
arrangement. Column 1 of Table E103.3(l) provides a
line-by-line recommended tabular arrangement for use in
solving pipe sizing.
The objective in designing the water supply system is to
ensure an adequate water supply and pressure to all fix-
tures and equipment. Column 2 provides the pounds per
square inch (psi) to be considered separately from the min-
imum pressure available at the main. Losses to take into
consideration are the following: the differences in eleva-
tions between the water supply source and the highest
water supply outlet, meter pressure losses, the tap in main
loss, special fixture devices such as water softeners and
backflow prevention devices and the pressure required at
the most remote fixture outlet. The difference in elevation
can result in an increase or decrease in available pressure
at the main. Where the water supply outlet is located
above the source, this results in a loss in the available pres-
sure and is subtracted from the pressure at the water
source. Where the highest water supply outlet is located
below the water supply source, there will be an increase in
pressure that is added to the available pressure of the water
source.
Column 3: According to Table E103.3(3), determine the
gpm (L/m) of flow to be expected in each section of the
system. These flows range from 28.6 to 108 gpm. Load
values for fixtures must be determined as water supply fix-
ture units and then converted to a gallon-per-minute (gpm)
rating to determine peak demand. When calculating peak
demands, the water supply fixture units are added and then
converted to the gallon-per-minute rating. For continuous
flow fixtures such as hose bibbs and lawn sprinkler sys-
tems, add the gallon-per-minute demand to the intermit-
tent demand of fixtures. For example, a total of 120 water
supply fixture units is converted to a demand of 48 gallons
per minute. Two hose bibbs x 5 gpm demand = 10 gpm.
Total gpm rating = 48.0 gpm + 10 gpm = 58.0 gpm
demand.
Step 2
Line A: Enter the minimum pressure available at the main
source of supply in Column 2. This is 55 psi (379.2 kPa).
The local water authorities generally keep records of pres-
sures at different times of day and year. The available
pressure can also be checked from nearby buildings or
from fire department hydrant checks.
Line B: Determine from Table 604.3 the highest pressure
required for the fixtures on the system, which is 15 psi
(103.4 kPa), to operate a flushometer valve. The most
remote fixture outlet is necessary to compute the pressure
loss caused by pipe and fittings, and represents the most
downstream fixture along the circuit of piping requiring
the available pressure to operate properly as indicated by
Table 604.3.
Line C: Determine the pressure loss for the meter size
given or assumed. The total water flow from the main
through the service as determined in Step 1 will serve to
aid in the meter selected. There are three common types of
water meters; the pressure losses are determined by the
American Water Works Association Standards for dis-
placement type, compound type and turbine type. The
maximum pressure loss of such devices takes into consid-
eration the meter size, safe operating capacity (gpm) and
maximum rates for continuous operations (gpm). Typi-
cally, equipment imparts greater pressure losses than pip-
ing.
Line D: Select from Table E103.3(4) and enter the pres-
sure loss for the tap size given or assumed. The loss of
pressure through taps and tees in pounds per square inch
(psi) are based on the total gallon-per-minute flow rate and
size of the tap.
Line E: Determine the difference in elevation between the
main and source of supply and the highest fixture on the
system. Multiply this figure, expressed in feet, by 0.43 psi
(2.9 kPa). Enter the resulting psi loss on Line E. The dif-
ference in elevation between the water supply source and
the highest water supply outlet has a significant impact on
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
127
APPENDIX E
the sizing of the water supply system. The difference in
elevation usually results in a loss in the available pressure
because the water supply outlet is generally located above
the water supply source. The loss is caused by the pressure
required to lift the water to the outlet. The pressure loss is
subtracted from the pressure at the water source. Where
the highest water supply outlet is located below the water
source, there will be an increase in pressure which is
added to the available pressure of the water source.
Lines F, G and H: The pressure losses through filters,
backflow prevention devices or other special fixtures must
be obtained from the manufacturer or estimated and
entered on these lines. Equipment such as backflow pre-
vention devices, check valves, water softeners, instanta-
neous or tankless water heaters, filters and strainers can
impart a much greater pressure loss than the piping. The
pressure losses can range from 8 psi to 30 psi.
Step 3
Line I: The sum of the pressure requirements and losses
that affect the overall system (Lines B through H) is
entered on this line. Summarizing the steps, all of the sys-
tem losses are subtracted from the minimum water pres-
sure. The remainder is the pressure available for friction,
defined as the energy available to push the water through
the pipes to each fixture. This force can be used as an aver-
age pressure loss, as long as the pressure available for fric-
tion is not exceeded. Saving a certain amount for available
water supply pressures as an area incurs growth, or
because of aging of the pipe or equipment added to the
system is recommended.
Step 4
Line J: Subtract Line I from Line A. This gives the pres-
sure that remains available from overcoming friction
losses in the system. This figure is a guide to the pipe size
that is chosen for each section, incorporating the total fric-
tion Josses to the most remote outlet (measured length is
called developed length).
Exception: When the main is above the highest fixture,
the resulting psi must be considered a pressure gain
(static head gain) and omitted from the sums of Lines B
through H and added to Line J.
The maximum friction head loss that can be tolerated in
the system during peak demand is the difference between
the static pressure at the highest and most remote outlet at
no-flow conditions and the minimum flow pressure
required at that outlet. If the losses are within the required
limits, then every run of pipe will also be within the
required friction head loss. Static pressure loss is the most
remote outlet in feet x 0.433 = loss in psi caused by eleva-
tion differences.
Step 5
Column 4: Enter the length of each section from the main
to the most remote outlet (at Point E). Divide the water
supply system into sections breaking at major changes in
elevation or where branches lead to fixture groups.
Step 6
E103.3.3. Selection of pipe size, Step 6 Column 5: When
selecting a trial pipe size, the length from the water service
or meter to the most remote fixture outlet must be mea-
sured to determine the developed length. However, in sys-
tems having a flushometer valve or temperature controlled
shower at the top most floors the developed length would
be from the water meter to the most remote flushometer 1
valve on the system. A rule of thumb is that size will
become progressively smaller as the system extends far-
ther from the main source of supply. Trial pipe size may
be arrived at by the following formula:
Line J: (Pressure available to overcome pipe friction) x
100/equivalent length of run total developed length to
most remote fixture x percentage factor of 1 .5 (note: a per-
centage factor is used only as an estimate for friction
losses imposed for fittings for initial trial pipe size) = psi
(average pressure drops per 100 feet of pipe).
For trial pipe size see Figure E 103.3(3) (Type L copper)
based on 2.77 psi and a 108 gpm = 27, inches. To deter-
mine the equivalent length of run to the most remote out-
let, the developed length is determined and added to the
friction losses for fittings and valves. The developed
lengths of the designated pipe sections are as follows:
A-B
B-C
CD
D-E
54 ft
8 ft
13 ft
150 ft
Total developed length = 225 ft
The equivalent length of the friction loss in fittings and
valves must be added to the developed length (most
remote outlet). Where the size of fittings and valves is not
known, the added friction loss should be approximated. A
general rule that has been used is to add 50 percent of the
developed length to allow for fittings and valves. For
example, the equivalent length of run equals the developed
length of run (225 ft x 1.5 = 338 ft). The total equivalent
length of run for determining a trial pipe size is 338 feet.
Example: 9.36 (pressure available to overcome pipe
friction) x 100/ 338 (equivalent length of run = 225 x
1.5) = 2.77 psi (average pressure drop per 100 feet of
pipe).
Step 7
Column 6: Select from Table E103.3(6) the equivalent
lengths for the trial pipe size of fittings and valves on each
pipe section. Enter the sum for each section in Column 6.
(The number of fittings to be used in this example must be
an estimate.) The equivalent length of piping is the devel-
oped length plus the equivalent lengths of pipe corre-
sponding to friction head losses for fittings and valves.
Where the size of fittings and valves is not known, the
added friction head losses must be approximated. An esti-
mate for this example is found in Table E. 1 .
128
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
APPENDIX E
TABLE E.1
COLD WATER
PIPE SECTION
FITTINGS/VALVES
PRESSURE LOSS
EXPRESSED AS
EQUIVALENT LENGTH
OF TUBE (feet)
HOT WATER
PIPE SECTION
FITTINGS/
VALVES
PRESSURE LOSS
EXPRESSED AS
EQUIVALENT OF TUBE
(feet)
A-B
3-27," Gate valves
3
A-B
3-27 2 " Gate valves
3
1-27," Side branch tee
12
l-27 2 " Side branch tee
12
B-C
1-27," Straight run tee
0.5
B-C
1-2" Straight run tee
7
l-2"90-degreeell
0.5
C-F
1 -27," Side branch tee
12
C-F
1-1 7/' Side branch tee
7
CD
l-27 2 "90-degreeell
7
C-D
l-7 2 "90-degreeell
4
D-E
l-27 2 " Side branch tee
12
D-E
1-1 7 2 " Side branch tee
7
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, i inch = 25.4 mm.
Step 8
Column 7: Add the figures from Column 4 and Column 6,
and enter in Column 7. Express the sum in hundreds of
feet.
Step 9
Column 8: Select from Figure E103.3(3) the friction loss
per 100 feet (30 480 mm) of pipe for the gallon-per-min-
ute flow in a section (Column 3) and trial pipe size (Col-
umn 5). Maximum friction head loss per 100 feet is
determined on the basis of total pressure available for fric-
tion head loss and the longest equivalent length of ran.
The selection is based on the gallon-per- minute demand,
the uniform friction head loss, and the maximum design
velocity. Where the size indicated by hydraulic table indi-
cates a velocity in excess of the selected velocity, a size
must be selected which produces the required velocity.
Step 10
Column 9: Multiply the figures in Columns 7 and 8 for
each section and enter in Column 9.
Total friction loss is determined by multiplying the friction
loss per 100 feet (30 480 mm) for each pipe section in the
total developed length by the pressure loss in fittings
expressed as equivalent length in feet. Note: Section C-F
should be considered in the total pipe friction losses only
if greater loss occurs in Section C-F than in pipe section
D-E. Section C-F is not considered in the total developed
length. Total friction loss in equivalent length is deter-
mined in Table E.2.
Step 11
Line K: Enter the sum of the values in Column 9. The
value is the total friction loss in equivalent length for each
designated pipe section.
Step 12
Line L: Subtract Line J from Line K and enter in Column
10.
The result should always be a positive or plus figure. If it
is not, repeat the operation using Columns 5, 6, 8 and 9
until a balance or near balance is obtained. If the differ-
ence between Lines J and K is a high positive number, it is
an indication that the pipe sizes are too large and should be
reduced, thus saving materials. In such a case, the opera-
tions using Columns 5, 6, 8 and 9 should again be
repeated.
The total friction losses are determined and subtracted
from the pressure available to overcome pipe friction for
trial pipe size. This number is critical as it provides a guide
to whether the pipe size selected is too large and the pro-
cess should be repeated to obtain an economically
designed system.
Answer: The final figures entered in Column 5 become
the design pipe size for the respective sections. Repeating
this operation a second time using the same sketch but
considering the demand for hot water, it is possible to size
the hot water distribution piping. This has been worked up
as a part of the overall problem in the tabular arrangement
used for sizing the service and water distribution piping.
Note that consideration must be given to the pressure
losses from the street main to the water heater (Section A-
B) in determining the hot water pipe sizes.
TABLE E.2
PIPE SECTIONS
FRICTION LOSS EQUIVALENT LENGTH (feet)
Cold Water
Hot Water
A-B
0.69x3.2 = 2.21
0.69 x 3.2 = 2.21
B-C
0.085x3.1 =0.26
0.16x1.4 = 0.22
C-D
0.20x1.9 = 0.38
0.17x3.2 = 0.54
D-E
1.62x1.9 = 3.08
1.57x3.2 = 5.02
Total pipe friction losses
(Line K)
5.93
7.99
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, I gpm = 3.785 L/m.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
129
APPENDIX E
A
O —
MAIN
HOT WATER
COLD WATER
M = METER
BFP = BACKFLOW PREVENTER
S
■■ 90 DEGREE ELBOW
P = "T-
M = VALVE
FLOOR 2
288 fu, 108 gpm
~\
54 FT.
132 fu,
77 gpm
FLOO R 1
264 fu, _
104.5 gpm
mm
MO — MOM— i-
M BFP
150 FT.
-132 fu, 77 gpm
D'
^ — 12 fu,
h
.- B'
28.6 gpm
-132 fu, 77 gpm
v - 12 fu, 28.6 gpm
-24 fu, 38 gpm
WATER HEATER
"^sr
-I
E'
For SI: foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m.
FIGURE E103.3(1)
EXAMPLE-SIZING
130
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
APPENDIX E
COLUMN
Line
G
H
I
K
L
K
L
TABLE E103.3(1)
RECOMMENDED TABULAR ARRANGEMENT FOR USE IN SOLVING PIPE SIZING PROBLEMS
Description
A
Service
and cold
B
water dis
c
tribution
D
piping 3
E
Lb per
square
inch
(psi)
Gal. per
min
through
section
Minimum pressure available at main . . 55.00
Highest pressure required at a fixture
(Table 604.3) 15.00
Meter loss 2" meter 1 1.00
Tap in main loss 2" tap (Table E103A). . 1.61
Static head loss 21 x 43 psi 9.03
Special fixture loss backflow
preventer 9.00
Special fixture loss — Filter 0.00
Special fixture loss — Other 0.00
Total overall losses and requirements
(Sum of Lines B through H) 45.64
Pressure available to overcome
pipe friction
(Line A minus Lines B to H) 9.36
Length
of
section
(feet)
DESIGNATION
Pipe section (from diagram)
Cold water
Distribution piping
FU .
AB .
BC .
CD .
CF b .
DE b .
264
288
264
132
132
132
Total pipe friction losses (cold)
Difference (Line J minus Line K)
Pipe section (from diagram)
Diagram
Hot water
Distribution
Piping
A'B'
B'C
CD'.
C'F' b .
D'E' b .
288
. 24
. 12
. 12
. 12
Total pipe friction losses (hot)
Difference (Line J minus Line K)
108.0
104.5
77.0
77.0
77.0
108.0
38.0
28.6
28.6
28.6
54
8
13
150
150
54
8
13
150
150
Trial
pipe
size
(inches)
Equivalent
length of
fittings
and valves
(feet)
Total
equivalent
length
col. 4 and
col. 6
(100 feet)
8
Friction
loss per
100 feet
of trial
size
pipe
(psi)
2%
2%
2%
27,
2%
2%
2
l'/ 2
l7 2
17,
15.00
0.5
7.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
7.5
4.0
7.00
7.00
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa, I gpm = 3.785 L/m.
a. To be considered as pressure gain for fixtures below main (to consider separately, omit from "I" and add to "J").
b. To consider separately, in K use C-F only if greater loss than above.
0.69
0.85
0.20
1.62
1.62
0.69
0.16
0.17
1.57
1.57
Friction
loss in
equivalent
length col.
8 x col. 7
(psi)
10
Excess
pressure
over
friction
losses
(psi)
3.2
3.1
1. 9
1.9
3.3
1.4
3.2
3.2
3.2
2.21
0.26
0.38
3.08
3.08
5.93
2.21
0.22
0.54
5.02
5.02
7.99
3.43
1.37
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
131
APPENDIX E
TABLE E1 03.3(2)
LOAD VALUES ASSIGNED TO FIXTURES"
FIXTURE
OCCUPANCY
TYPE OF SUPPLY
CONTROL
LOAD VALUES, IN WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (wsfu)
Cold
Hot
Total
Bathroom group
3 rivate
Flush tank
2.7
1.5
3.6
Bathroom group
Private
Flushometer valve
6.0
3.0
8.0
Bathtub
Private
Faucet
1.0
1.0
1.4
Bathtub
Public
Faucet
3.0
3.0
4.0
Bidet
Private
Faucet
1.5
1.5
2.0
Combination fixture
Private
Faucet
2.25
2.25
3.0
Dishwashing machine
Private
Automatic
—
1.4
1.4
Drinking fountain
Offices, etc.
V valve
0.25
—
0.25
Kitchen sink
Private
Faucet
1.0
1.0
1.4
Kitchen sink
Hotel, restaurant
Faucet
3.0
3.0
4.0
Laundry trays (1 to 3)
Private
Faucet
1.0
1.0
1.4
Lavatory
Private
Faucet
0.5
0.5
0.7
Lavatory
Public
Faucet
1.5
1.5
2.0
Service sink
Offices, etc.
Faucet
2.25
2.25
3.0
Shower head
Public
Mixing valve
3.0
3.0
4.0
Shower head
Private
Mixing valve
1.0
1.0
1.4
Urinal
Public
1 " flushometer
valve
10.0
—
10.0
Urinal
Public
3 / 4 " flushometer
valve
5.0
—
5.0
Urinal
Public
Flush tank
3.0
—
3.0
Washing machine (8 lb)
Private
Automatic
1.0
1.0
1.4
Washing machine (8 lb)
Public
Automatic
2.25
2.25
3.0
Washing machine (15 lb)
Public
Automatic
3.0
3.0
4.0
Water closet
Private
Flushometer valve
6.0
—
6.0
Water closet
Private
Flush tank
2.2
—
2.2
Water closet
Public
Flushometer valve
10.0
—
10.0
Water closet
Public
Flush tank
5.0
—
5.0 n
Water closet
Public or private
Flushometer tank
2.0
—
2.0
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
a For fixtures not listed , loads should be assumed by comparing the fixture to one listed using water in similar quantities and at similar rates. The assigned oads
for fixtures with both hot and cold water supplies are given for separate hot and cold water loads and for total load. The separate hot and cold water loads
being three-fourths of the total load for the fixture in each case.
132
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
TABLE E103.3(3)
TABLE FOR ESTIMATING DEMAND
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSHOMETER VALVES
Load
Demand
Load
Demand
(Water supply fixture
units)
(Gallons per minute)
(Cubic feet per
minute)
(Water supply fixture units)
(Gallons per minute)
(Cubic feet per minute)
I
3.0
0.04104
—
—
—
2
5.0
0.0684
—
—
—
3
6.5
0.86892
—
—
—
4
8.0
1.06944
—
—
—
5
9.4
1 .256592
5
15.0
2.0052
6
10.7
1 .430376
6
17.4
2.326032
7
11.8
1.577424
7
19.8
2.646364
8
12.8
1.711104
8
22.2
2.967696
9
13.7
1.831416
9
24.6
3.288528
10
14.6
1.951728
10
27.0
3.60936
11
15.4
2.058672
11
27.8
3.716304
12
16.0
2.13888
12
28.6
3.823248
13
16.5
2.20572
13
29.4
3.930192
14
17.0
2.27256
14
30.2
4.037136
15
17.5
2.3394
15
31.0
4.14408
16
18.0
2.90624
16
31.8
4.241024
17
18.4
2.459712
17
32.6
4.357968
18
18.8
2.513184
18
33.4
4.464912
19
19.2
2.566656
19
34.2
4.571856
20
19.6
2.620128
20
35.0
4.6788
25
21.5
2.87412
25
38.0
5.07984
30
23.3
3.114744
30
42.0
5.61356
35
24.9
3.328632
35
44.0
5.88192
40
26.3
3.515784
40
46.0
6.14928
45
27.7
3.702936
45
48.0
6.41664
50
29.1
3.890088
50
50.0
6.684
60
32.0
4.27776
60
54.0
7.21872
70
35.0
4.6788
70
58.0
7.75344
80
38.0
5.07984
80
61.2
8.181216
90
41.0
5.48088
90
64.3
8.595624
100
43.5
5.81508
100
67.5
9.0234
120
48.0
6.41664
120
73.0
9.75864
140
52.5
7.0182
140
77.0
10.29336
160
57.0
7.61976
160
81.0
10.82808
180
61.0
8.15448
180
85.5
11.42964
200
65.0
8.6892
200
90.0
12.0312
225
70.0
9.3576
225
95.5
12.76644
250
75.0
10.026
250
101.0
13.50168
(continued)
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
133
APPENDIX E
TABLE E103.3(3)-continued
TABLE FOR ESTIMATING DEMAND
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSHOMETER VALVES
Load
Demand
Load
Demand
(Water supply fixture
units)
(Gallons per minute)
(Cubic feet per minute)
(Water supply fixture
units)
(Gallons per minute)
(Cubic feet per minute)
275
80.0
10.6944
275
104.5
13.96956
300
85.0
11.3628
300
108.0
14.43744
400
105.0
14.0364
400
127.0
16.97736
500
124.0
16.57632
500
143.0
19.11624
750
170.0
22.7256
750
177.0
23.66136
1,000
208.0
27.80544
1,000
208.0
27.80544
1,250
239.0
31.94952
1,250
239.0
31.94952
1,500
269.0
35.95992
1,500
269.0
35.95992
1,750
297.0
39.70296
1,750
297.0
39.70296
2,000
325.0
43.446
2,000
325.0
43.446
2,500
380.0
50.7984
2,500
380.0
50.7984
3,000
433.0
57.88344
3,000
433.0
57.88344
4,000
525.0
70.182
4,000
525.0
70.182
5,000
593.0
79.27224
5,000
593.0
79.27224
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.28 m 3 per minute.
TABLE E1 03.3(4)
LOSS OF PRESSURE THROUGH TAPS AND TEES IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH (psi)
GALLONS PER MINUTE
SIZE OF TAP OR TEE (inches)
3 I
1
1V 4
IV,
2
3
10
1.35
0.64
0.18
0.08
—
—
—
20
5.38
2.54
0.77
0.31
0.14
—
—
30
12.10
5.72
1.62
0.69
0.33
0.10
—
40
—
10.20
3.07
1.23
0.58
0.18
—
50
—
15.90
4.49
1.92
0.91
0.28
—
60
—
—
6.46
2.76
1.31
0.40
—
70
—
—
8.79
3.76
1.78
0.55
0.10
80
—
—
11.50
4.90
2.32
0.72
0.13
90
—
—
14.50
6.21
2.94
0.91
0.16
100
—
—
17.94
7.67
3.63
1.12
0.21
120
—
—
25.80
11.00
5.23
1.61
0.30
140
—
—
35.20
15.00
7.12
2.20
0.41
150
—
—
—
17.20
8.16
2.52
0.47
160
—
—
—
19.60
9.30
2.92
0.54
180
—
—
—
24.80
11.80
3.62
0.68
200
—
—
—
30.70
14.50
4.48
0.84
225
—
—
—
38.80
18.40
5.60
1.06
250
—
—
—
47.90
22.70
7.00
1.31
275
—
—
—
—
27.40
7.70
1.59
300
—
—
—
—
32.60
10.10
1.88
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kpa, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
134
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
TABLE E1 03.3(5)
ALLOWANCE IN EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF PIPE FOR FRICTION LOSS IN VALVES AND THREADED FITTINGS (feet)
FITTING OR VALVE
PIPE SIZE (inches)
v,
%
1
1V 4
IV,
2
2%
3
45-degree elbow
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
90-degree elbow
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
8.0
10.0
Tee, run
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.2
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Tee, branch
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
10.0
12.0
15.0
Gate valve
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.6
2.0
Balancing valve
0.8
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.2
3.0
3.7
4.5
Plug-type cock
0.8
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.2
3.0
3.7
4.5
Check valve, swing
5.6
8.4
11.2
14.0
16.8
22.4
28.0
33.6
Globe valve
15.0
20.0
25.0
35.0
45.0
55.0
65.0
80.0
Angle valve
8.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
22.0
28.0
34.0
40.0
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 degree = 0.0175 rad.
TABLE E1 03.3(6)
PRESSURE LOSS IN FITTINGS AND VALVES EXPRESSED AS EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF TUBE 3 (feet)
NOMINAL OR
STANDARD SIZE
(inches)
FITTINGS
Coupling
VALVES
Standard Ell
90-Degree Tee
Ball
Gate
Butterfly
Check
90 Degree
45 Degree
Side Branch
Straight Run
%
0.5
—
1.5
—
—
—
—
—
1.5
%
1
0.5
2
—
—
—
—
—
2
\
1.5
0.5
2
—
—
—
—
—
2.5
%
2
0.5
3
—
—
—
—
—
3
1
2.5
1
4.5
—
—
0.5
—
—
4.5
iv 4
3
1
5.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
—
—
5.5
iv 2
4
1.5
7
0.5
0.5
0.5
—
—
6.5
2
5.5
2
9
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
7.5
9
2%
7
2.5
12
0.5
0.5
—
1
10
11.5
3
9
3.5
15
1
1
—
1.5
15.5
14.5
3V 2
9
3.5
14
1
1
—
2
—
12.5
4
12.5
5
21
1
1
—
2
16
18.5
5
16
6
27
1.5
1.5
—
3
11.5
23.5
6
19
7
34
2
2
—
3.5
13.5
26.5
8
29
11
50
3
3
—
5
12.5
39
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, I degree = 0.01745 rad.
a. Allowances are for streamlined soldered fittings and recessed threaded fittings. For threaded fittings, double the allowances shown in the table. The equivalent
lengths presented above are based on a C factor of 1 50 in the Hazen-Williams friction loss formula. The lengths shown are rounded to the nearest half-foot.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
135
APPENDIX E
9000
r
5000 L
4000
3000 '—
EEEEiEEEE 1
■rtrnr
T~rTTnn
TTinn
-t-t-i- 1-iit-
2000 I
1000
400
300 ?-
=>
z
2
200
LU
CL
cfl
z
o
100
_l
<
a
LU
h-
<
DC
50
o
40
U_
CT
30
20
10 L-^--
3 9000
1
1
-| 5000
-| 4000
-I 3000
2000
1000
PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET OF TUBE, POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
Note: Fluid velocities in excess of 5 to 8 feet/second are not usually recommended.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa.l foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to smooth new copper tubing with recessed (streamline) soldered joints and to the actual sizes of types indicated on the diagram.
FIGURE E1 03.3(2)
FRICTION LOSS IN SMOOTH PIPE" (TYPE K, ASTM B 88 COPPER TUBING)
136
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
9000 r- —
5000 I
4000
3000
2000
1000
1-
t-
z
2
^1
tr
L_
CL
<n
2
400 \-^
o
_J
_J
300 P-V
<
| \
a
UJ
L
£
200 | j>
a:
\r
g
|
o
1
-J
Li-
ar
100 \*sC.
LU
h-
c:
<
g
f-^
so t:
40 X"—
30 \y
20
10
PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET OF TUBE; POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
Note: Fluid velocities in excess of 5 to 8 feet/second are not usually recommended.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 ram, I gpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa, 1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to smooth new copper tubing with recessed (streamline) soldered joints and to the actual sizes of types indicated on the diagram.
FIGURE E1 03.3(3)
FRICTION LOSS IN SMOOTH PIPE 8 (TYPE L, ASTM B 88 COPPER TUBING)
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
137
APPENDIX E
<
in
5
LU
5
q_l_l4Un
-f-l-f
- 1 !- 1-^FfflT
TOTl
irsr
TFITIT
q^^FFH^Poooo
-T-rTTnrn
-t- — i — t — s— i — i -i— i -■ t
-r-rTTnrH
T __ yTTnT|i5000
i-TTTnrh 4000
-r-^-t^ti^H 3000
1 'MINI
_._ . — | _p. -| 2000
i 1 1 1 1 j
, i i i i i i i
=F = =FTf Fffl d1000
T TTTI TP
^_ TnT|H40 o
Hi-H.300
200
PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET OF TUBE, POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
Note: Fluid velocities in excess of 5 to 8 feel/second are not usually recommended.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa, 1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to smooth new copper tubing with recessed (streamline) soldered joints and to the actual sizes of types indicated on the diagram.
FIGURE E1 03.3(4)
FRICTION LOSS IN SMOOTH PIPE 3 (TYPE M, ASTM B 88 COPPER TUBING)
138
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
0000
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, I gpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa, 1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to smooth new steel (fairly smooth) pipe and to actual diameters of standard-weight pipe.
FIGURE E103.3(5)
FRICTION LOSS !N FAIRLY SMOOTH PIPE*
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
139
APPENDIX E
a.
<
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m, ] psi = 6.895 kPa, 1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to fairly rough pipe and to actual diameters which in general will be less than the actual diameters of the new pipe of the same kind.
FIGURE E103.3(6)
FRICTION LOSS IN FAIRLY ROUGH PIPE"
140
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
900
BOO
700
600
500
400
300
200
CO
z
o
100
90
<
CD
80
70
60
:£
50
40
30
20
en
<
C3
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, I gpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa, 1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to very rough pipe and existing pipe and to their actual diameters.
FIGURE E103.3(7)
FRICTION LOSS IN FAIRLY ROUGH PIPE"
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
141
APPENDIX E
SECTION E201
SELECTION OF PIPE SIZE
E201.1 Size of water-service mains, branch mains and ris-
ers. The minimum size water service pipe shall be 3 / 4 inch
(19.1 mm). The size of water service mains, branch mains
and risers shall be determined according to water supply
demand [gpm (L/m)], available water pressure [psi (kPa)] and
friction loss due to the water meter and developed length of
pipe [feet (m)], including equivalent length of fittings. The
size of each water distribution system shall be determined
according to the procedure outlined in this section or by other
design methods conforming to acceptable engineering prac-
tice and approved by the code official:
1. Supply load in the building water-distribution system
shall be determined by total load on the pipe being
sized, in terms of water-supply fixture units (w.s.f.u.),
as shown in Table E103.3(2). For fixtures not listed,
choose a w.s.f.u. value of a fixture with similar flow
characteristics.
2. Obtain the minimum daily static service pressure [psi
(kPa)] available (as determined by the local water
authority) at the water meter or other source of supply
at the installation location. Adjust this minimum daily
static pressure [psi (kPa)] for the following conditions:
2.1. Determine the difference in elevation between
the source of supply and the highest water sup-
ply outlet. Where the highest water supply out-
let is located above the source of supply, deduct
0.5 psi (3.4 kPa) for each foot (0.3 m) of differ-
ence in elevation. Where the highest water sup-
ply outlet is located below the source of supply,
add 0.5 psi (3.4 kPa) for each foot (0.3 m) of
difference in elevation.
2.2.
2.3.
Where a water pressure reducing valve is
installed in the water distribution system, the
minimum daily static water pressure available
is 80 percent of the minimum daily static water
pressure at the source of supply or the set pres-
sure downstream of the pressure reducing
valve, whichever is smaller.
Deduct all pressure losses due to special equip-
ment such as a backflow preventer, water filter
and water softener. Pressure loss data for each
piece of equipment shall be obtained through
the manufacturer of such devices.
2.4. Deduct the pressure in excess of 8 psi (55 kPa)
due to installation of the special plumbing fix-
ture, such as temperature controlled shower and
flushometer tank water closet. Using the result-
ing minimum available pressure, find the corre-
sponding pressure range in Table E201.1.
3. The maximum developed length for water piping is the
actual length of pipe between the source of supply and
the most remote fixture, including either hot (through
the water heater) or cold water branches multiplied by a
factor of 1,2 to compensate for pressure loss through
fittings. Select the appropriate column in Table E201.1
equal to or greater than the calculated maximum devel-
oped length.
4. To determine the size of water service pipe, meter and
main distribution pipe to the building using the appro-
priate table, follow down the selected "maximum
developed length" column to a fixture unit equal to, or
greater than the total installation demand calculated by
using the "combined" water supply fixture unit column
of Table El 03. 3 (2). Read the water service pipe and
meter sizes in the first left-hand column and the main
distribution pipe to the building in the second left-hand
column on the same row.
5. To determine the size of each water distribution pipe,
start at the most remote outlet on each branch (either
hot or cold branch) and, working back toward the main
distribution pipe to the building, add up the water sup-
ply fixture unit demand passing through each segment
of the distribution system using the related hot or cold
column of Table E103.3(2). Knowing demand, the size
of each segment shall be read from the second left-hand
column of the same table and maximum developed
length column selected in Steps 1 and 2, under the same
or next smaller size meter row. In no case does the size
of any branch or main need to be larger that the size of
the main distribution pipe to the building established in
Step 4.
SECTION E202
DETERMINATION OF PIPE VOLUMES
E202.1 Determining volume of piping systems. Where
required for engineering design purposes, Table E202.1 shall
be used to determine the approximate internal volume of
water distribution piping.
142
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
TABLE E201.1
MINIMUM SIZE OF WATER METERS, MAINS AND DISTRIBUTION PIPING
BASED ON WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT VALUES (w.s.f.u.)
METER AND SERVICE
PIPE
(inches)
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (feet)
Pressure Range 30 to 39 psi
40
60
80
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
%
%'
2.5
2
1.5
1. 5
1
1
0.5
0.5
%
%
9.5
7.5
6
5.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
%
1
32
25
20
16.5
11
9
7.8
6.5
5.5
4.5
1
1
32
32
27
21
13.5
10
8
7
5.5
5
%
iv 4
32
32
32
32
30
24
20
17
13
10.5
1
l'/ 4
80
80
70
61
45
34
27
22
16
12
17 2
i l / 4
80
80
80
75
54
40
31
25
17.5
13
1
iv 2
87
87
87
87
84
73
64
56
45
36
iv 2
17 2
151
151
151
151
117
92
79
69
54
43
2
17 2
151
151
151
151
128
99
83
72
56
45
1
2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
86
1'A
2
275
275
275
275
258
223
196
174
144
122
2
2
365
365
365
365
318
266
229
201
160
134
2
2V 2
533 J 533
533
533
533
495
448
409
353
311
METER AND SERVICE
PIPE (inches)
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (feet)
Pressure Range 40 to 49 psi
40
60
80
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
%
V
3
2.5
2
1.5
1.5
1
1
0.5
0.5
0.5
%
%
9.5
9.5
8.5
7
5.5
4.5
3.5
3
2.5
2
%
1
32
32
32
26
18
13.5
10.5
9
7.5
6
1
1
32
32
32
32
21
15
11.5
9.5
7.5
6.5
%
i'/ 4
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
27
21
16.5
1
iv 4
80
80
80
80
65
52
42
35
26
20
1V 2
iv 4
80
80
80
80
75
59
48
39
28
21
1
1V 2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
78
65
55
l'/ 2
l'/ 2
151
151
151
151
151
130
109
93
75
63
2
17 2
151
151
151
151
151
139
115
98
77
64
1
2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
1V 2
2
275
275
275
275
275
275
264
238
198
169
2
2
365
365
365
365
365
349
304
270
220
185
2
27,
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
528
456
403
(continued)
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
143
APPENDIX E
TABLE E201.1— continued
MINIMUM SIZE OF WATER METERS, MAINS AND DISTRIBUTION PIPING
BASED ON WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT VALUES (w.s.f.u.)
METER AND SERVICE
PIPE (inches)
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (feet)
Pressure Range 50 to 60 psi
40
60
80
100
150 ! 200
250 1 300
400
500
X
7 2 -
3
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
X
X
9.5
9.5
9.5
8.5
6.5
5
4.5
4
3
2.5
X
1
32
32
32
32
25
18.5
14.5
12
9.5
8
1
l
32
32
32
32
30
22
16.5
13
10
8
X
1V 4
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
29
24
1
iv 4
80
80
80
80
80
68
57
48
35
28
IV,
i'/ 4
80
80
80
80
80
75
63
53
39
29
i
l'/ 2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
82
70
1V 2
l'/ 2
151
151
151
151
151
151
139
120
94
79
2
17,
151
151
151
151
151
151
146
126
97
81
1
2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
l7 2
2
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
247
213
2
2
365
365
365
365
365
365
365
329
272
232
2
2'/,
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
486
METER AND SERVICE
PIPE (inches)
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (feet)
Pressure Range Over 60
40
60
80
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
X
'/,;
3
3
3
2.5
2
1.5
1.5
1
1
0.5
X
X
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
7.5
6
5
4.5
3.5
3
X
i
32
32
32
32
32
24
19.5
15.5
11.5
9.5
1
i
32
32
32
32
32
28
28
17
12
9.5
X
iv 4
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
30
1
i'/ 4
80
80
80
80
80
80
69
60
46
36
17,
i'/ 4
80
80
80
80
80
80
76
65
50
38
1
iv 2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
84
IV,
iv 2
151
151
151
151
151
151
151
144
114
94
2
1V 2
151
151
151
151
151
151
151
151
118
97
1
2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
\%
2
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
252
2
2
365
368
368
368
368
368
368
368
318
273
2
27 2
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
a. Minimum size for building supply is 3 / 4 -inch pipe.
144
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
TABLE E202.1
INTERNAL VOLUME OF VARIOUS WATER DISTRIBUTION TUBING
OUNCES OF WATER PER FOOT OF TUBE
Size Nominal,
Inch
Copper Type M
Copper Type L
Copper Type K
CPVCCTSSDR11
CPVC SCH 40
Composite
ASTMF1281
PEX CTS SDR 9
%
1.06
0.97
0.84
N/A
1.17
0.63
0.64
%
1.69
1.55
1.45
1.25
1.89
1.31
1.18
%
3.43
3.22
2.90
2.67
3.38
3.39
2.35
l
5.81
5.49
5.17
4.43
5.53
5.56
3.91
l'/ 4
8.70
8.36
8.09
6.61
9.66
8.49
5.81
l>/ 2
12.18
11.83
11.45
9.22
13.20
13.88
8.09
2
21.08
20.58
20.04
15.79
21.88
21.48
13.86
For SI: 1 ounce = 0.030 liter.
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
145
146 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX F
STRllPTIlRiki ^JkFFTY
b I a t&& "S^? B %tv 8 a a ft ism ^$ at sk 9 ha B i
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
SECTION F101 from another hole or less than 10 inches (254 mm) from the
CUTTING, NOTCHING AND bearing end.
BORING IN WOOD MEMBERS
[B] F101.1 Joist notching. Notches on the ends of joists shall
not exceed one-fourth the joist depth. Holes bored in joists
shall not be within 2 inches (5 1 mm) of the top or bottom of
the joist, and the diameter of any such hole shall not exceed
one-third the depth of the joist. Notches in the top or bottom
of joists shall not exceed one sixth the depth and shall not be
located in the middle third of the span.
[B] F101.2 Stud cutting and notching. In exterior walls and
bearing partitions, any wood stud is permitted to be cut or
notched to a depth not exceeding 25 percent of its width. Cut-
ting or notching of studs to a depth not greater than 40 per-
cent of the width of the stud is permitted in nonbearing
partitions supporting no loads other than the weight of the
partition.
[B] F101.3 Bored holes. A hole not greater in diameter than
40 percent of the stud width is permitted to be bored in any
wood stud. Bored holes not greater than 60 percent of the
width of the stud are permitted in nonbearing partitions or in
any wall where each bored stud is doubled, provided not
more than two such successive doubled studs are so bored. In
no case shall the edge of the bored hole be nearer than 0.625
inch (15.9 mm) to the edge of the stud. Bored holes shall not
be located at the same section of stud as a cut or notch.
[B] F101.4 Cutting, notching and boring holes in struc-
tural steel framing. The cutting, notching and boring of
holes in structural steel framing members shall be as pre-
scribed by the registered design professional.
[B] F101.5 Cutting, notching and boring holes in cold-
formed steel framing. Flanges and lips of load-bearing cold-
formed steel framing members shall not be cut or notched.
Holes in webs of load-bearing cold-formed steel framing
members shall be permitted along the centerline of the web of
the framing member and shall not exceed the dimensional
limitations, penetration spacing or minimum hole edge dis-
tance as prescribed by the registered design professional. Cut-
ting, notching and boring holes of steel floor/roof decking
shall be as prescribed by the registered design professional.
[B] F101.6 Cutting, notching and boring holes in non-
structural cold-formed steel wall framing. Flanges and lips
of nonstructural cold-formed steel wall studs shall not be cut
or notched. Holes in webs of nonstructural cold-formed steel
wall studs shall be permitted along the centerline of the web
of the framing member, shall not exceed 1 7 2 inches (38 mm)
in width or 4 inches (102 mm) in length, and the holes shall
not be spaced less than 24 inches (610 mm) center to center
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 147
148 2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
INDEX
ABS PIPE
Where permitted Table 308.5, 314.2.2,
Table 605.3, Table 605.5, 605.10,
Table 702.1 , Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, 703.2, 705.2, 705.7
ACCESS TO
Appliances 502.5
Backflow preventers 608.14
Cleanouts 708.2, 708.4, 708.9, 1301.8
Fixtures 405.2
Flexible water connectors 605.6
Floor drain 412.2
Flush tank components 425.3.4
Interceptors and separators 1003.10
Manifolds 604.10.3
Piping 422.5, 422.9.1
Pumps 602.3.5
Reservoirs 1301.8
Shower compartment 417.4.2
Slip joints 405.8
Standpipes 802.4
Vacuum breakers 425.2
Valves 503.1, 606.3, 712.2, 715.5, 918.5
Water heaters 502.3
Water receptors 802.3
Whirlpool pump 421 .5
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES 404
ADMINISTRATION
Applicability 102
Approval 105, 106.5.7, 107.5
Inspections 1 07
Intent 101.3, 109.1
Maintenance 102.3
Means of appeal 109
Scope 101.2
Validity 106.5.2
Violations 108
A!R ADMITTANCE VALVES
Definition 202
Where permitted 91 8
AIR BREAK
Definition 202
Method of providing 802.1 .5, 802.1 .6,
802.1.7,802.1.8,802.2
Required 802.2.2
AIR GAP
Annual inspection of 312.10.1
Clothes washer 406.1
Definition 202
Dishwasher 409.2
Method of providing 608.15.1,802.2.1
Required 608.15.1,802.1,802.1.1,802.1.2
802.1 .3, 802.1 .4, 802.1 .5, 802.1 .6, 802.1 .7
AIR TEST 312.3, 312.5
ALTERNATE ENGINEERED DESIGN 315
ALTERATIONS AND REPAIRS 102.4
ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS AND
EQUIPMENT 105.2
APPROVED
Definition 202
ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPE
Where permitted Table 702.2, Table 702.3
ATMOSPHERIC VACUUM BREAKER . . . Table 608.1 ,
608.13.6,608.15.4,
608.15.4.1,608.16.5
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHER 406
B
BACKFILLING 306.3
BACKFLOW PREVENTER
Definition 202
Required 608.1
Standards Table 608.1
BACKFLOW PROTECTION 608.1
BACKWATER VALVES
Where required 715
BALL COCK (see FILL VALVE)
BAROMETRIC LOOP 608.1 3.4
BATHTUBS 407
BEDPAN STEAMERS 202
BEDPAN WASHERS 202
BIDETS 408
BOOSTER SYSTEM 606.5
BOTTLING ESTABLISHMENT 1003.7
BRASS PIPE
Where permitted Table 605.3, Table 605.4,
Table 605.8, Table 702.1
BUILDING DRAIN
Branches of Table 710.1 (2)
Definition 202
Material Table 702.1 , Table 702.2
Sizing Table 710.1(1)
BUILDING DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
Below sewer level 71 2.1
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
149
INDEX
BUILDING SEWER
Definition 202
Material Table 702.3
Sizing Table 710.1(1)
BUILDING SYSTEMS
Connection to public sewer 701 .2
BUILDING TRAPS 1002.6
c
CAST-IRON PIPE
Materials Table 702.1, Table 702.2,
Table 702.3, Table 702.4
CAULKING FERRULES 705.19.5, 705.21
CHANGE IN DIRECTION OF DRAINAGE
PIPING Table 706.3
CHEMICAL WASTE
Exclusion from the sewer 803.3
Neutralizing 803.2
Requirements 702.5
System venting 901 .3
CHLORINATED POLYVINYL/PIPE OR TUBING
Where permitted Table 605.3, Table 605.4
CIRCUIT VENT 91 1
CLAY PIPE Table 702.3
CLEANOUTS
Base of stack 708.3.4
Building drain 708.3.1 , 708.3.5
Change of direction 708.3.3
Clearances 708.8
Definition 202
Direction of flow 708.5
Horizontal drains 708.3.1
Location of 708.3
Manholes 708.3.6
Plugs, materials for 708.2
Prohibited installation of 708.6
Sewers 708.3.2
Size 708.7, 708.8
CLEARANCES 502.5
CLEAR WATER WASTE 802.2
CODE OFFICIAL
Application for permit 1 06.3
Appointment 103.2
Definition 202
Department records 1 04.7
Duties and powers 1 04
General 1 04.1
Identification 104.5
Inspections 1 07
COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM ... 912
COMBINED DRAIN 202
COMMON VENT 202,911
COMPARTMENTS 405.3.4
CONCRETE PIPE
Where permitted Table 702.3
CONDUCTOR 202
CONFLICTS 301 .7
CONNECTION TO PLUMBING SYSTEM
REQUIRED 701.2
CONNECTIONS TO SUMPS AND EJECTORS
Below sewer level 712.1
CONSERVATION
Fixtures 604.4
Flow rates Table 604.3
Insulation 505, 607.5
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 106.3.1
CONTROLLED FLOW STORM DRAINAGE .... 1110
COPPER OR COPPER-ALLOY PIPE OR TUBING
Where permitted Table 605.3, Table 605.4
CROSS CONNECTIONS 608
CUTTING OR NOTCHING, STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS 307.2, Appendix F
DESIGN PROFESSIONAL 105.4.2, 105.4.3,
105.4.4, 105.4.5, 107.2.2, 109.2.1
DETRIMENTAL WASTES 302
DISHWASHING MACHINE 409
DISINFECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEM . 610
DISTANCE OF TRAP FROM VENT Table 909.1
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (See WATER)
DRAIN
Roof 1 1 05
Storm 1 1 06
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
Definition, fixture unit 202
Values for continuous flow 709.3
Values for fixtures Table 709.1
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Connection to sewer or private
disposal system 701 .2
Determining load and size 710.1
Fixture units Table 709.1
Indirect waste 802
Joints 705
Materials 702
Material detrimental to 302
Obstructions 706.2
Offset sizing 711
Provisions for future fixtures 710.2
Sizing Table 710.1(1), Table 710.1(2)
Slope of piping Table 704.1
150
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
INDEX
Sumps and ejectors 712
Testing 312
DRINKING FOUNTAINS Table 403.1, 403.5, 410
E
EJECTORS 712
EJECTOR CONNECTION 712.3.5
ELEVATOR SHAFT 301.6
EMPLOYEE FACILITIES 403.3
ENGINEERED DESIGN 315
EXCAVATION 306
EXISTING BUILDING PLUMBING SYSTEMS . . .102.2
F
FACILITIES 403
FAMILY AND ASSISTED USE 403.1.2, 403.2.1
FAUCETS 424
FEES 106.6
FERRULES 705.19.1, 705.21
FILL VALVE 425.3.1
FITTINGS
Drainage system 706
Material standards 605.5, Table 605.5,
702.4, Table 702.4
FIXTURE CALCULATIONS 403.1.1
FIXTURE FITTINGS 424
FIXTURE LOCATION 405.3.1
FIXTURE TRAPS 1002
Acid-resisting 1002.9
Building 1002.6
Design of 1002.2
For each fixture 1002.1
Prohibited 1002.3
Seals 1002.4
Setting and protection 1002.7
Size 1002.5
FIXTURE UNITS
Definition 202
Values for continuous flow 709.3
Values for fixtures 709.1, Table 709.1
FIXTURES (See PLUMBING FIXTURES)
FLOOD LEVEL RIM 202
FLOOD-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
Design flood elevation 202
Flood hazard area 202
Flood hazard resistance 309
FLOOR DRAINS 412, Table 709.1
FLOOR DRAINS, EMERGENCY 202
FLOOR FLANGES 405.4.1 , 405.4.2
FLOW RATES 604.3, Table 604.3
Table 604.4, 604.10
FLUSHING DEVICES
Flush tanks 425.2, 425.3, 604.3, 604.5
Flushometer tanks 425.2, 604.3, 604.5
Flushometer valves 425.2, 604.3
Required 425
FOOD HANDLING DRAINAGE 802.1 .1 , 802.1 .8
FOOD WASTE GRINDER 413
FREEZING, PROTECTION OF
BACKFLOW DEVICES 608.14.2
FREEZING, PROTECTION OF PIPES 305.6
FROST CLOSURE 903.2
FUTURE FIXTURES 704.4
GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE Table 605.3,
Table 605.4, 605.18
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS 414
GARBAGE DISPOSALS 413
GENERAL REGULATIONS 301
Conflicts 301.7
Connection to plumbing system 301 .3
Connection to public water and sewer . . 301 .3, 301 .4
Elevator machinery rooms 301.6
Health and safety . . 108.7, 108.7.1, 108.7.2, 108.7.3
Materials detrimental 302, 302.1 , 302.2
Piping measurements 301 .5
Protection of pipes 305
Rodentproofing 304, 304.1 , 304.2, 304.3, 304.4
Sleeves 305.4
Strains and stresses in pipe 305.3
Toilet facilities for workers 311
Trenching, excavation and backfill 306
Washroom requirements 310
GRAY WATER
Coloring 1302.4
Disinfection 1302.2
Filtration 1301.9
Recycling systems Chapter 13
Volume estimating 1303.6
GREASE INTERCEPTORS 202, 1003
Approval 1003.3.4
Capacity Table 1003.3.4.1,
1003.4.2.1, 1003.4.2.2
In commercial buildings 1003.5
Not required 1003.3.3
Required 1003.1
GUTTERS 1106.6, Table 1106.6
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
151
INDEX
H
HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
Attachment to buildings 308.4
Definitions 202
Material 308.3
Seismic 308.2
Spacing Table 308.5
HEALTH AND SAFETY 101 .3
HEALTH CARE PLUMBING 422, 609, 713
HEAT EXCHANGER PROTECTION 608.16.3
HORIZONTAL
Slope for drainage pipe 704.1
HOSPITAL PLUMBING FIXTURES 422
Clinical sinks 422.6
Height of special controls 422.10
Sterilizer equipment 422.9
HOT WATER
Circulating system 607.5
Definition 202
Flow of hot water to fixtures 607.4
Heaters and tanks Chapter 5
Recirculating pump 607.2.3
Supply system 607
HOUSE TRAP 1002.6
I
INDIRECT WASTE 802
Air gap or break 802.2.1 , 802.2.2
Food handling establishment 802.1.1
Receptors 802.3
Special wastes 803
Waste water temperature 803.1
Where required 802.1
INDIVIDUAL VENT 910
INSPECTION 107.1
Final 107.1
Reinspection 107.4.3
Required 107.2
Rough-in 1 07.2
Scheduling of 107.2
Testing 107.4
INSPECTOR (See CODE OFFICIAL)
INSULATION 505, 607.2.1
INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS 1003
Access to 1 003.1
Approval of 1003.2, 1003.4
Bottling establishments 1003.7
Capacity of grease interceptors. . . . Table 1003.3.4.1
Definition 202
Laundries 1003.6
Not required 1003.3.3
Oil and flammable liquids separators 1003.4
Rate of flow control for grease
interceptors 1003.3.4.2
Required 1 003.1
Slaughterhouses 1003.8
Venting 905.4, 1003.9
IRRIGATION, LAWN 608.16.5
ISLAND FIXTURE VENT 913
JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS 605, 705
ABS plastic pipe 605.10, 705.2
Asbestos-cement pipe 605.11, 705.3
Between different materials . . .605.23, 705.4, 705.19
Brass pipe 605.12, 705.4
Brazed joints 605.12.1,605.14.1,
605.15.1,705.9.1,705.10.1
Cast-iron pipe 705.5
Caulked joint 705.5.1 , 705.1 1.1
Concrete pipe 705.6
Copper or copper-alloy pipe 605.14, 705.9
Copper or copper-alloy tubing 605.15,705.10
CPVC plastic pipe 605.16
Expansion joints 308.8
Galvanized steel pipe 605.18
Mechanical joints 605, 705
Polyethylene plastic pipe or tubing 605.19
Polyethylene of raised temperature 605.25
Polypropylene plastic pipe or tubing 605.19
Prohibited 605.9, 707
PVC plastic pipe 605.22, 705.14
Slip joints 405.8, 1002.2
Soldered joints 605.14.3, 605.15.4,
705.9.3,705.10.3
Solvent cementing 605, 705
Stainless steel 605.23
Threaded 605.10.3,605.12.3,605.14.4,
605.16.3, 605.18.1, 605.22.3, 705.2.3,
705.9.4,705.12.1,705.14.3
Vitrified clay pipe 705.15
Welded 605.12.4, 605.14.5, 705.4.4, 705.9.5
K
KITCHEN
418
LABELING 606.7
LAUNDRIES 1 003.6
LAUNDRY TRAY 415
152
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
INDEX
LAVATORIES 416
LEAD PIPE 202
LEADERS 1 106
LIGHT AND VENTILATION REQUIREMENT. . . .310.1
LOADING, FIXTURE UNIT VALVE Table 709
LOCATION
Fixtures 405.3.1
Gray water system Table 1303.8
M
MANHOLES 708.3.6
MANIFOLDS 604.10
MATERIAL
Above-ground drainage and vent pipe . . Table 702.1
Alternative 105.2
Approval 107.2.3
Building sewer pipe 702.3
Building storm sewer pipe 1 102.4
Chemical waste system 702.5
Fittings Table 605.5, Table 702.4,
Table 11 02.7
Identification 303.1
Joints 605, 705
Roof drains 1 105
Sewer pipe 702.3
Standards Chapter 13
Storm drainage pipe Table 1 102.4
Subsoil drain pipe 1102.5
Underground building drainage and vent pipe . .702.2
Vent pipe 702.1 , 702.2
Water distribution pipe Table 605.4
Water service pipe Table 605.3
MATERIAL, FIXTURES
Quality 402.1
Special use 402.2
MATERIAL, SPECIAL
Caulking ferrules 705.21
Cleanout plugs 708.2
Sheet copper 402.3
Sheet lead 402.4
Soldering bushings 705.19.5
MECHANICAL JOINTS 605, 705
N
NONPOTABLE WATER 608.1, 608.8
o
OFFSETS
Definitions 202
Drainage 711
Venting 915.1
OPENINGS
Through walls or roofs 305.5, 305.7
OVERFLOW 407.2
P
PARKING GARAGE 403.3, 1002.1
PARTITIONS 405.3.5
PERMIT
Application for 1 06.3
Conditions of 106.5
Fees 106.6
Suspension of 106.5.5
PENETRATIONS 315
PIPING
Construction documents 105.4.4
Drainage, horizontal slope Table 704.1
Drainage piping installation 704
Drainage piping offset, size 711
Joints 605, 705
PIPING PROTECTION
Backfilling 306.3
Breakage 305.2
Corrosion 305.1
Footings 305.5
Freezing 305.6
Penetration 305.5
Tunneling 306.4
PLUMBING FACILITIES 403
PLUMBING FIXTURES
Accessible 404
Automatic clothes washers 406
Bidet 408
Clearances 405.3
Definition 202
Dishwashing machine 409
Drainage fixture unit values Table 709.1
Drinking fountain 410
Emergency showers 411
Eyewash stations 411
Floor sinks 427
Floor and trench drains 412
Food waste grinders 413
Future fixtures 704.4
Garbage can washer 414
Garbage disposal 413
Hospital 422
Installation 405
Joints at wall or floor 405.5
Kitchen sink 41 8
Laundry tray 415
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
153
INDEX
Lavatories 416
Minimum facilities Table 403.1
Materials 402.1
Ornamental pools 423.1
Quality 402.1
Separate facilities 403.2
Setting 405.3
Showers 417
Sinks 418
Slop sinks 418
Urinals 419
Water closets 420
Water coolers 410
Water supply protection 608
PLUMBING INSPECTOR (See CODE OFFICIAL)
PNEUMATIC EJECTORS 712
POLYETHYLENE PIPE OR TUBING
Cross-linked Table 605.3, Table 605.4
PE-AL-PE Table 605.3, Table 605.4
PEX-AL-PEX Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Raised Temperature (RT) Table 605.3,
Table 605.4
POLYPROPYLENE PIPE OR TUBING
Where permitted Table 605.3, Table 605.4
POTABLE WATER, PROTECTION OF 608
PRESSURE OF WATER DISTRIBUTION 604.6
PROHIBITED
Joints and connection 605.9, 707
Traps 1002.3
PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER 608
PUMPING EQUIPMENT 712
PVC PIPE Table 605.3, Table 605.4,
Table 702.1 , Table 702.2, Table 702.3
Q
QUALITY OF WATER
General 608.1
R
RAINWATER DRAINAGE Chapter 1 1
REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE
BACKFLOW PREVENTER
Definition 202
Periodic inspections 312.10
Standard Table 608.1
Where required 608.15.2, 608.16.1, 608.16.2,
608.16.4, 608.16.4.1, 608.16.5, 608.16.6
RELIEF VALVES 504.4, 504.5, 504.6
Definition 202
RELIEF VENT 906.2, 908, 914.4
Definition 202
ROOF DRAINS 1 102.6, 1 105
Definition 202
ROUGH-IN INSPECTION 107.2
SANITARY SEWER (See BUILDING SEWER)
SANITARY TEES 706.3
SCREWED JOINTS (See JOINTS AND CONNEC-
TIONS)
SEPARATE FACILITIES 403.2
SERVICE SINKS Table 403.1, 418
SEWER (See BUILDING SEWER)
SHEET COPPER 402.3
SHEET LEAD 402.4
SHOWER LINER 312.9, 417.5.2
SHOWERS Table 403.1 , 41 7
SILL COCK 424, 608.15.4.2
SINGLE STACK VENT SYSTEM 917
SINKS 418
SIPHONIC ROOF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 1 107
SIZING
Drainage system 710
Fixture drain 709
Fixture water supply 604.5
Vent system 906
Water distribution system 604
Water service 603.1
SLAUGHTERHOUSES 1003.8
SLEEVES 305.4
SLIP JOINTS (See JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS)
SOLDERING BUSHINGS 705.19
SOLVENT CEMENTING
(See JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS)
SPECIAL PLUMBING FIXTURES 423
SPECIAL WASTES 803
STAINLESS STEEL PIPE. . . Table 605.3, Table 605.4
STANDARDS
Material Chapter 14
STANDPIPE DRAIN 802.4
STEEL PIPE (See also MATERIAL)
Where permitted Table 605.4, Table 702.1,
Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 11 02.4, Table 1102.5
STERILIZER PIPE 422.9
STORM DRAINS
Building size 1106.1
Building subdrains 1112.1
Building subsoil drains 1111.1
154
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
INDEX
Conductors and connections 1 104
Definition 202
General 1101
Prohibited drainage 1 1 01 .3
Roof drains 1102.6, 1105
Secondary roof drains 1 1 07
Sizing of conductors, leaders and storm drains . 1 106
Sizing of roof gutters 1106.6
Sizing of vertical conductors and leaders 1106.2
Traps 1103
Values for continuous flow 1 109
Where required 1101.2
STRAPS (See HANGERS AND SUPPORTS)
STRUCTURAL SAFETY 307, Appendix F
SUBDRAIN BUILDING 1 1 12.1
SUBSOIL DRAIN PIPE 1111.1
SUMP VENT 906.5.1
SUMP PUMP DISCHARGE PIPE 712.3.3
SUMPS 1113
SUPPORTS (See also PIPING PROTECTION) ... 308
SWIMMING POOL
Definition 202
SWIMMING POOL DRAINAGE 802.1.4
T
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE RELIEF
VALVE 504
TEMPERATURE OF WASTE WATER 803.1
TEMPERED WATER 607.1 .1
TEST
Drainage and vent air test 312.3
Drainage and vent final test 312.4
Drainage and vent water test 312.2
Forced sewer test 312.7
Gravity sewer test 312.6
Percolation test 1303.7
Required tests 312.1
Shower liner 312.19
Test gauges 312.1.1
Test of backflow prevention devices 312.10
Test of conductors 312.8
THERMAL EXPANSION CONTROL 607.3
THREADED JOINTS
(See JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS)
TOILET FACILITIES FOR WORKERS 311
TOILET ROOM DOOR LOCKING 403.3.6
TOILETS (See WATER CLOSETS)
TRAP PRIMER 1002.4
TRAPS
Acid-resisting 1002.9
Building 1002.6
Design 1002.2
Prohibited types 1002.3
Seal 1002.4
Separate for each fixture 1002.1
Size Table 709.1, Table 709.2
TRENCH DRAINS 412
TRENCHING, EXCAVATION AND BACKFILI 306
TUNNELING 306.4
u
UNDERGROUND DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPE 702.2
URINAL PARTITIONS 405.3.5
URINALS 419
V
VACUUM BREAKERS Table 608.1, 608.13.5,
608.13.6,608.13.8,608.15.4
VALVES
Air admittance 202, 91 8
Backwater 715
Definition 202
Pressure reducing 604.8
Relief 202, 504.4
Stop and waste 608.7
Temperature-actuated flow reduction valves . . 424.6
Transfer valves 424.8
VENT
Individual 910
Sizing 906
VENT RELIEF SIZE 908
VENT STACK
Definition 202, 904.2
VENTS AND VENTING
Branch vents 906.4
Circuit 914
Combination waste 915
Common 911
Definition 202
Distance from trap Table 909.1
Engineered systems 919
Island fixture 916
Required vent 904.1
Single stack 917
Vent stack 904.2
Vent terminal 903
Waste stack 913
Wet vent 912
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
155
INDEX
w
WALL-HUNG WATER CLOSETS 420
WASHING MACHINES 406
WASTE
Indirect 802
Special 803
WASTE STACK 913
WASTE WATER TEMPERATURE 803.1
WATER
Cooler 410
Cross connection 608.6
Distribution system design 604
Distribution piping material Table 605.4
Excessive pressure 604.8
Hammer 604.9
Pressure booster 606.5
Service 603
Service piping material Table 605.3
WATER CLOSETS 420
WATER CLOSET COMPARTMENTS 405.3.4
WATER CLOSET PERSONAL
HYGIENE DEVICE 424.9
WATER CONSERVATION
Fixtures 604.4
Flow rates Table 604.4
WATER HEATER PAN 504.7
WATER HEATERS Chapter 5
WET VENT 912
WIPED JOINTS 705.13.2
WORKERS' TOILET FACILITIES 311
156
2012 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 1
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