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3 Labor & Economic Growth
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DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
DIRECTOR'S OFFICE
CONSTRUCTION CODE
(By authority conferred on the director of the department of labor and
economic growth by section 4 of 1972 PA 230, MCL 125.1504, and Executive
Reorganization Order Nos . 1996-2 and 2003-1, MCL 445.2001 and 445.2011)
PART 7 . PLUMBING CODE
R 408.30701 Applicable code.
Rule 701. Rules governing the installation, replacement, alteration,
relocation, and use of plumbing systems or plumbing materials shall be those
contained in the international plumbing code, 2006 edition, including
appendices B, C, D, F, and G, except for sections 103.2, 103.4, 104.2,
106.6.1, 106.6.2, 106.6.3, 107.1.2, 107.1.2.1, 107.1.2.2, 107.1.2.3, 109.2 to
109.7, 312.1.1, 602.3 to 602.3.5.1, 604.11, 608.17 to 608.17.8, 708.3.2,
708.3.6, 1106.6, and table 1106.6. With the exceptions noted, the code is
adopted in these rules by reference. All references to the International
Building Code, International Residential Code, International Energy
Conservation Code, International Electrical Code, International Mechanical
Code, and International Plumbing Code mean the Michigan Building Code,
Michigan Residential Code, Michigan Uniform Energy Code, Michigan Electrical
Code, Michigan Mechanical Code, and Michigan Plumbing Code respectively. The
code is available for inspection at the Okemos office of the Michigan
department of labor & economic growth, bureau of construction codes. The
code may be purchased from the International Code Council, 500 New Jersey
Avenue, N.W. , 6th Floor, Washington, D.C. 20001, or from the Michigan
Department of Labor & Economic Growth, Bureau of Construction Codes, 2501
Woodlake Circle, Okemos, Michigan 48864, at a cost as of the time of adoption
of these rules of $50.00 each.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS;
1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2003 AACS; 2007 AACS.
R 408.30709 Rescission.
Rule 709. Rules 1 to 141 of the rules of the state plumbing board, being R
338.901 to R 338.914 of the Michigan Administrative Code and appearing on
pages 3801 to 3818 of the 1954 volume of the Code, are rescinded.
History: 1979 AC.
AMENDMENTS AND ADDITIONS TO BASIC PLUMBING CODE
are amended to read as
R 408.30711 Title and scope.
Rule 711. Sections 101.1 and 101.2 of the code
follows:
101.1. Title. This part shall be known as the Michigan plumbing code and
is hereinafter referred to as "the plumbing code" or "the code." This part
shall control all matters concerning the installation, replacement,
alteration, relocation, and use of plumbing systems or plumbing materials as
herein defined and shall apply to existing or proposed buildings and
structures in the state.
101.2. Scope. The design and installation of plumbing systems, including
sanitary and storm drainage, sanitary facilities, medical gas systems, water
supplies, storm water and sewage disposal in buildings, shall comply with the
requirements of the code. The design and installation of gas piping, chilled
water piping in connection with refrigeration process and comfort cooling,
and hot water piping in connection with building heating systems shall
conform to the requirements of the Michigan mechanical code. The design and
installation of all fire sprinkler systems and standpipe systems shall
conform to the requirements of the Michigan building code. Water and
drainage connections to such installations shall be made in accordance with
the requirements of the code.
Exception: Plumbing facilities within 1- and 2-family dwellings shall be
constructed and maintained in accordance with the Michigan residential code
for 1- and 2-family dwellings.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS .
R 408.30712 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30713 Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 199-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30714 Plumbing official; qualifications.
Rule 714. Section 103.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
103.1. General. The position of plumbing inspector is created. The
plumbing inspector shall be appointed in accordance with 198 6 PA 54, MCL
338.2301 et seq.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30715 Permits.
Rule 715. Sections 106.4, 106.5.3, and 106.5.4 of the code are amended to
read as follows:
106.4. By whom application is made. Application for a permit shall be
made by a plumbing contractor licensed in accordance with 2002 PA 733, MCL
338.3511 et seq.
Exceptions :
1. Water service permits.
2 . Building sewer and private sewer permits .
3. Minor repair.
106.5.3. Expiration. Each permit issued by the code official under the
provisions of the code shall expire by limitation and become null and void if
the work authorized by such permit is not commenced within 180 days from the
date of such permit, or if the work authorized by such permit is suspended or
abandoned at any time after the work is commenced for a period of 180 days.
Before such work may be recommenced, a new permit shall be first obtained for
such work, provided no changes have been made or will be made in the original
construction document for such work and provided further that such suspension
or abandonment has not exceeded 1 year.
106.5.4. Extensions. Any permittee holding an unexpired permit shall have
the right to apply for an extension of the time within which the permittee
will commence work under that permit when work is unable to be commenced
within the time required by this section for good and satisfactory reasons.
The code official shall extend the time for action by the permittee for a
period not exceeding 180 days if there is reasonable cause. No permit shall
be extended more than once .
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS;
2001 AACS; 2003 AACS.
R 408.30716 Fees.
Rule 716. Section 106.6 of the code is amended to read as follows:
Rule 106.6. Fees. The fees prescribed by the act shall be paid to the
enforcing agency of the jurisdiction before a permit to begin work for new
construction, alteration, removal, demolition, or other building operation
may be issued. In addition, an amendment to a permit necessitating an
additional fee shall not be approved until the additional fee is paid.
History: 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2003 AACS; 2007 AACS .
R 408.30717 Duties and powers of code official.
Rule 717. Sections 104.1 and 104.5 of the code are amended to read as
follows:
104.1 General. The code official shall enforce all of the provisions of
the code and shall act on any question relative to the installation,
alteration, repair, maintenance, or operation of all plumbing systems,
devices, and equipment except as specifically provided for by statutory
requirements or as provided for in sections 104.3 through 104.8.
104.5. Right of entry. In the discharge of duties, the code official may
enter any building, structure, or premises in the jurisdiction to enforce the
provisions of the act and the code.
History: 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2003 AACS;
2007 AACS.
R 408.30718 Violation penalties.
Rule 718. Section 108.4 of the code is amended to read as follows:
108.4. Violation penalties. A person who violates a provision of the
code, who fails to conform with any of the requirements thereof, or who
erects, installs, alters, or repairs plumbing work in violation of the
approved construction documents or directive of the enforcing agency, or a
permit or certificate issued under the provisions of the code shall be
assessed a fine in accordance with the act and 2002 PA 733, MCL 338.3511 to
338.3569.
History: 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2003 AACS;
2007 AACS.
R 408.30719 Stop work orders.
Rule 719. Section 108.5 of the code is amended to read as follows:
108.5. Stop work orders. Upon notice from the enforcing agency of work on
any plumbing system that is being done contrary to the provisions of the code
or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the work shall immediately cease. Notice
shall be in accordance with the act. A person who is served with a stop work
order, except for work that the person is directed to perform to remove a
violation or unsafe condition is subject to the penalty provisions prescribed
by the act.
History: 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2003 AACS;
2007 AACS.
R 408.30720 Means of appeal.
Rule 720. Section 109.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
109.1 Means of appeal. An interested person has the right to appeal a
decision of the enforcing agency to the board of appeals in accordance with
the act. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the true
intent of the code or the rules governing construction have been incorrectly
interpreted, the provisions of the code do not apply, or an equal or better
form of construction is proposed. The decision of a local board of appeals
may be appealed to the construction code commission in accordance with the
act and time frames.
History: 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS;
2003 AACS; 2007 AACS.
R 408.30721 Required tests.
Rule 721. Section 312.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
312.1. Required tests. The permit holder shall make the applicable tests
prescribed in sections 312.2 to 312.9 to determine compliance with the
provisions of the code. The permit holder shall give reasonable advance
notice to the code official when the plumbing work is ready for tests. The
equipment, material, power, and labor necessary for the inspection and test
shall be furnished by the permit holder and the permit holder shall be
responsible for determining that the work will withstand the test pressure
prescribed in this rule. All plumbing system piping shall be tested with
either water or, for piping systems other than plastic, by air. After the
plumbing fixtures have been set and their traps filled with water, the entire
drainage system shall be submitted to final tests. The code official shall
require the removal of any cleanouts if necessary to ascertain if the
pressure has reached all parts of the system.
Exception: Drainage and vent low pressure air tests for plastic piping
systems shall be acceptable as prescribed in section 312.3 of the code.
History: 2003 AACS.
R 408.30722 Separate facilities.
Rule 722. Section 403.2 of the code is amended to read as follows:
403.2. Separate facilities. Where plumbing fixtures are required,
separate facilities shall be provided for each sex.
Exceptions :
1. Separate facilities shall not be required for private facilities.
2. Separate employee facilities shall not be required in occupancies in
which 15 or fewer people are employed.
3. Separate facilities shall not be required in structures or tenant
spaces with a total occupant load, including both employees and customers, of
15 or fewer.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 2003 AACS.
R 408.30723 Distance of trap from vent.
Rule 723. Section 906.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
906.1 Distance of trap from vent. Each fixture trap shall have a
protecting vent located so that the slope and the developed length in the
fixture drain from the trap weir to the vent fitting are within the
requirements in table 906.1.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 2003 AACS; 2007 AACS.
R 408.30724 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30725 Industrial or commercial wastes.
Rule 725. Section 302.2 of the code is amended to read as follows:
302 . 2 . Industrial or commercial wastes. Industrial or commercial wastes
shall not be introduced into the public sewer or private disposal system
without receiving prior approval in the following manner:
(a) Industrial or commercial wastes discharged to a public sewer system are
subject to review, approval, and regulation by the owner of the sewage
treatment system under the authority of the federal water pollution control
act of 1972, as amended, 33 U.S.C.1251 et seq. , and sections 3101 to 3119 of
Act No. 451 of the Public Acts of 1994, as amended, being 324.3101 to
32 4.3119 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
(b) Industrial or commercial wastes discharged to an on-site disposal system
are subject to review, approval, and regulation by the Michigan department of
environmental quality under the authority of sections 3101 to 3119 of Act No.
451 of the Public Acts of 1994, as amended, being 324.3101 to 324.3119 of the
Michigan Compiled Laws .
(c ) Industrial or commercial wastes discharged to an on-site holding tank
are subject to review, approval, and regulation under sections 3101 to 3119,
11101 to 11152, and 12101 to 12118 of Act No. 451 of the Public Acts of 1994,
as amended, being 324.3101 to 324.3119, 324.11101 to 324.11152 and 324.12101
to 324.12118 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, and the federal resource
conservation and recovery act of 1976, as amended, 42 U.S.C.6901 et seq.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS .
R 408.30725a Radioactive material.
Rule 725a. Section 302.2.1 is added to the code to read as follows:
302 . 2 . 1 .Radioactive material. Possession of radioactive material is
regulated by state or federal license. The disposal of radioactive material
shall not create a hazard to operational or maintenance personnel of the
institution or to the public. Radioactive waste disposal is controlled by the
Michigan department of environmental quality by conditions for disposal in a
radioactive material license issued under the authority of part 135 of Act
No. 368 of the Public Acts of 1978, as amended, being 333.13501 et seq. of the
Michigan Compiled Laws, and the ionizing radiation rules, being R 325.5001 et
seq.
of the Michigan Administrative Code, or is controlled by the United
Statesnuclear regulatory commission by conditions for disposal in a license
issued under the authority of the atomic energy act of 1954, 42 U.S.C.2011 et
seq.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30725b Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30725c Venting of fixture drains.
Rule 725c. Section 906.2 of the code is amended to read as follows:
906.2. Venting of fixture drains. The vent for a fixture drain, except
where serving a fixture with integral traps, such as water closets, shall
connect above the weir of the fixture trap being vented.
History: 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2007 MR 18, Eff. Jan. 24, 2008.
R 408.30726 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30728 Sewer depth.
Rule 728. Section 305.6.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
305.6.1. Sewer depth. A building sewer that connects to a private
disposal system shall be a minimum of 8 inches to the top of the pipe below
finished grade at the point of septic tank connection. Building sewers shall
be installed a minimum of 42 inches below grade.
Exception: When permitted by the code official.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30730 Sewer required.
Rule 7 30. Section 7 01.2 of the code is amended to read as follows:
701.2. Sewer required. Every building in which plumbing fixtures are
installed and all premises having drainage piping shall be connected to a
public sewer, where available, or an approved private sewage disposal system.
History: 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1997 AACS; 2003 AACS; 2007 AACS.
R 408.30731. Laundries.
Rule 731. Section 1003.6 of the code is amended to read as follows:
1003.6. Laundries. Commercial laundries shall be equipped with an
interceptor with a wire basket or similar device, removable for cleaning,
that prevents passage into the drainage system of solids 0.5 inch (12.7 mm)
or larger in size, string, rags, buttons or other materials detrimental to
the public sewage system.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS; 2007 AACS.
R 408.30732 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30733 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30734 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS;
1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30735 Hot water supply required.
Rule 735. Section 607.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
607.1. Where required. (1) In residential occupancies, hot water shall
be supplied to all plumbing fixtures and equipment utilized for bathing,
washing, culinary purposes, cleansing, laundry, or building maintenance. In
nonresidential occupancies, hot water shall be supplied for culinary
purposes, cleansing, laundry, or building maintenance purposes. In
nonresidential occupancies, hot water or tempered water shall be supplied for
bathing and washing purposes. Tempered water shall be supplied through a
water temperature limiting device that conforms to ASSE 1070, as referenced
in chapter 13 of the code, and shall limit the tempered water to a maximum of
110 degrees Fahrenheit (43 degrees Celsius). This provision shall not
supersede the requirement for protective shower valves in accordance with
section 42 4.3 of the code.
(2) Tempered water shall be supplied to bathing and hand washing
facilities in the occupancies identified in subdivisions (a) to (h) of this
subrule by individual water temperature limiting devices to individual
fixtures .
(a) Elementary schools.
(b) Child care centers.
(c) Day care centers.
(d) Nurseries.
(e) Adult group homes.
(f) Adult congregate homes.
(g) Children's camps.
(h) At accessible plumbing fixtures.
History: 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2007 AACS.
R 408.30736 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1985 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30737 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30738 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30738a Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30739 Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30740 Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30740a Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2003 AACS.
R 408.30740b Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30741 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS.
R 408.30741a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS.
R 408.30741b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS.
R 408.30741c Connections to automatic fire sprinkler systems and standpipe
systems.
Rule 741c. Section 608.16.4 of the code is amended to read as follows:
608.16.4. Connections to automatic fire sprinkler systems and standpipe
systems. The potable water supply to automatic fire sprinkler systems and
standpipe systems shall be protected against backflow by a double check-valve
assembly or a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer.
Exception: Isolation of the water distribution system is not required for
deluge, preaction, or dry pipe systems.
History: 1979 AC; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS;
2003 AACS; 2007 AACS .
R 408.30742 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30743 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30743a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1985 AACS; 1998-2000.
R 408.30743b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30743c Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30744 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30744a Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30744b Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30744c Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30744d Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30744e Rescinded.
History: 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2003 AACS,
R 408.30744f Rescinded.
History: 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30745 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30745a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30745b Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30746 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS;
1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30746a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30746b Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30747 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30747a Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30747b Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS
R 408.30747c Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30748 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30748a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30748b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30748c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS .
R 408.30749 Special equipment; water supply protection.
Rule 749. Section 608.3.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
608.3.1. The water supply for hospital fixtures shall be protected against
backflow with a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer, an atmospheric
or spill-proof vacuum breaker, or an air gap. Vacuum breakers for bedpan
washer hoses, autopsy tables and hose connections in health care or
laboratory areas shall not be located less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the
floor.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS;
2001 AACS; 2007 AACS.
R 408.30749a Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30750 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS;
1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30751 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30751a Rescinded.
History: 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30752 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30752a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30753 Rescinded.
History: 1954 ACS 81, Eff. May 19, 1975; 1954 ACS 91, Eff. June 16,
1977.
R 408.30753a Roof extensions.
Rule753a. Section 904.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
904.1. Roof extension. All open vent pipes that extend through a roof shall
be terminated at least 1 foot (305 mm) above the roof, except that if a roof
is to be used for any purpose other than weather protection, then the vent
extensions shall be run not less than 7 feet (2134 mm) above the roof.
History: 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30754 Rescinded.
History: 1954 ACS 81, Eff. May 19, 1975; 1954 ACS 91, Eff. June 16,
1977
R 408.30754a Frost closure.
Rule 754a. Section 904.2 of the code is amended to read as follows:
904.2. General. To prevent frost closure, every vent extension through a
roof shall be a minimum of 3 inches in diameter. Any increase in the size of
the vent shall be made inside the building a minimum of 1 foot below the roof
or inside the wall.
History: 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30754b Extensions outside a structure.
Rule 754b. Section 904.7 of the code is amended to read as follows:
904.7. Extensions outside a structure. Vent pipes installed on the exterior
of the structure shall be protected against freezing by insulation or heat,
or both.
History: 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30754c Rescinded.
History: 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30755 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30756 Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30756a Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30757 Horizontal drains within buildings and building sewers.
Rule 757. Section 708.3.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
708.3.1. Horizontal drains within buildings and building sewers. All
horizontal drains within buildings and building sewers shall be provided with
cleanouts located not more than 100 feet apart.
For underground piping that is more than 10 inches in diameter, manholes
shall be provided and located at every major change of direction, grade,
elevation, or size of pipe or at intervals of not more than 400 feet. Metal
covers shall be provided for the manholes and shall be of sufficient weight
to meet local traffic and loading conditions.
Within buildings, manhole covers shall be gastight and the manhole shall be
vented with not less than a 4-inch pipe.
History: 1979 AC; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30758 Minimum number of fixtures.
Rule 758. Section 403.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
403.1. Minimum number of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be provided
for the type of occupancy and in the minimum number shown in Table 403.1.
Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered
individually by the code official. The number of occupants shall be
determined in accordance with the Michigan building code. Occupancy
classification shall be determined in accordance with the Michigan building
code.
Exceptions :
1. The actual number of occupants determined by a supporting affidavit
from the owner or agency.
2. Hand washing sinks in food service establishments shall be provided in
accordance with the requirements of regulation no. 553, food establishments,
R 285.553.1 to R 285.553.26 of the Michigan department of agriculture.
3. Toilet facilities for public swimming pools shall be provided in
accordance with the requirements of public swimming pools, R 325.2111 to R
325.2199 of the Michigan department of environmental quality.
4. Toilet facilities for child care center, day care center and nursery
school facilities shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of
child day care licensing - child care centers, R 400.5101 to R 400.5940 of
the Michigan department of human services.
5. Toilet facilities for children's camps shall be provided in accordance
with the requirements of children's and adult foster care camps, R 400.11101
to R 400.11319 of the Michigan department of human services.
History: 1979 AC; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS;
2001 AACS; 2007 AACS.
R 408.30758a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30758b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30758c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30758d Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30759 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1985 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30759a Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30759b Rescinded.
History: 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30760 Rescinded.
History: 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30761 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30761a Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30761b Rescinded.
History: 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30761c Rescinded.
History: 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30762 Floor drains; public toilet rooms.
Rule 7 62. Section 412.5 is added to the code to read as follows:
412.5. Floor drains; public toilet rooms. In all public toilet rooms that
contain a combination of 3 or more water closets or urinals, at least 1
approved floor drain shall be installed connecting to the sanitary system;
however, stall urinals may serve as floor drains if the entire floor can be
drained to the urinals.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30762a Rescinded.
History: 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30763 Floor drain; floor area.
Rule 7 6 3. Section 412.6 is added to the code to read as follows:
4 12. 6. Floor drains according to floor area. In all toilet rooms in which
floor drains are required, there shall be at least 1 floor drain for each 400
square feet of floor area or major fraction thereof.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30763a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30763b Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30763c Rescinded.
History: 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30764 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30765 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30765a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30765b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30765c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30765d Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30765e Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30766 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30766a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30766b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30766c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30766d Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30767 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30767a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30768 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30768a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30768b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30769 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30769a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30769b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30769c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30770 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30770a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30770b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30771 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30771a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30771b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30771c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30771d Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30771e Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30772 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30772a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30772b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30772c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30772d Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30772e Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30773 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30773a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30773b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30773c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30773d Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30774 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30774a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30774b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30774c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30774d Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30774e Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30774f Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS,
R 408.30775 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30775a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30775b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30775c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30775d Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30776 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30776a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30776b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30776c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30777 Scope; water service; distance limits; method of installations.
Rule 777. Section 601.1 of the code is amended to read as follows:
601.1. Scope. The provisions of this article shall control the design and
installation of water supply systems, both hot and cold. Refer to 197 6 PA
399, MCL 325.1001 to 325.1023, for additional requirements on water supply
systems pertaining to establishments that are subject to regulation or
licensure, or both, by the department of environmental quality.
Compliance with the provisions of this article, however, does not relieve
any person from complying with the additional requirements imposed upon water
supply systems pursuant to authority vested in the Michigan department of
environmental quality under 1976 PA 399, MCL 325.1001 to 325.1023, 1978 PA
368, MCL 333.1101 to 333.25211, and 1987 PA 96, MCL 125.2301 to 125.2350, or
other applicable provisions of state law.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS;
1998-2000 AACS; 2003 AACS; 2007 AACS.
R 408.30777a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30777b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30777c Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30777d Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30777e Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30778 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30778a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30778b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1992 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS,
R 408.30778c Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30779 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30779a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30779b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS,
R 408.30780 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30780a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30780b Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30780c Rescinded.
History: 1985 AACS; 1989 AACS.
R 408.30781 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30781a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30781b Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30781c Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1980 AACS; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30781d Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30781e Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30782 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30783 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30784 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30785 Requirements for discharge piping.
Rule 785. Section 504.6 of the code is amended to read as follows:
504.6. Requirements for discharge piping. (1) Relief valves shall not
discharge so as to be a hazard, a potential cause of damage, or a nuisance.
A relief valve discharge pipe shall be provided for each individual relief
valve and shall meet all of the following:
(a) Shall terminate atmospherically not more than 4 inches (1220 mm) from
the floor with an unthreaded end.
(b) Shall not be interconnected.
(c) Valves shall not be connected in the relief valve discharge pipe.
(d) Shall be rigid pipe approved for water distribution, with a minimum
temperature rating of 210 degrees Fahrenheit.
(e) Shall have the same nominal inside diameter as the relief valve outlet
and shall drain by gravity flow.
(2) The outlet of a pressure, temperature or other relief valve shall not
be directly connected to the drainage system.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS;
2007 AACS.
R 408.30786 Sizing of secondary drains.
Rule 786. Section 1107.3 of the code is amended to read as follows:
1107.3. Sizing of secondary drains. Secondary, or emergency, roof drain
systems shall be sized in accordance with section 1106 based on the rainfall
rate for which the primary system is sized in tables 1106.2 and 1106.3.
Scuppers shall be sized to prevent the depth of ponding water from exceeding
that for which the roof was designed as determined by section 1101.7.
Scuppers shall not have an opening dimension of less than 4 inches (102 mm).
The flow through the primary system shall not be considered when sizing the
secondary roof drain system.
History: 1998-2000 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2003 AACS.
R 408.30788 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1998-2000 AACS.
R 408.30788a Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1997 AACS.
R 408.30791 Definitions.
Rule 791. Section 202 of the code is amended to amend the definition of
code official and add the definitions of the act and plumbing contractor.
"Act" means 1972 PA 230, MCL 125.1501 and known as the
Stille-DeRossett-Hale single state construction code act.
"Code official" means the person appointed and employed by a governmental
subdivision charged with the administration and enforcement of the state code
or codes and registered in accordance with the requirements of 1986 PA 54,
MCL 338.2301 to 338.2313.
"Plumbing contractor" means a person who is licensed in accordance with
2002 PA 733, MCL 338.3511 to 338.3569.
History: 1979 AC; 2001 AACS; 2003 AACS; 2007 AACS .
R 408.30792 Plumbing contractor.
Rule 7 92. (1) To obtain plumbing permits, an applicant shall do all of the
following:
(a) Be a plumbing contractor in this state.
(b) Be active in the business of serving the public as a plumbing
contractor in a county, city, village, or township in this state.
(c) Operate 1 or more branches in this state bearing the same firm name,
when a licensed master plumber is in charge and has the responsibility of
supervision at each branch. The names of the authorized master plumbers
representing a firm shall be on record with the state plumbing board.
(2) To become a plumbing contractor, an application shall be made on a form
furnished by the state plumbing board and filed with the board at Okemos,
Michigan. An incomplete application will be returned to the applicant.
History: 1979 AC; 2003 AACS.
R 408.30793 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 2003 AACS.
R 408.30795 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30795a Rescinded.
History: 1982 AACS; 2001 AACS.
R 408.30796 Rescinded.
History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1985 AACS; 2001 AACS.
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Copyright © 2005 State of Michigan
A Member of the International Code Family®
International
Plumbing
Code"
INTERNATIONAL
CODE COUNCIL®
2006
2006 International Plumbing Code 4
First Printing: January 2006
ISBN-13: 978-1-58001-259-1 (soft-cover)
ISBN-10: 1-58001-259-0 (soft-cover)
ISBN-13: 978-1-58001-258-4 (loose-leaf)
ISBN-10: 1-58001-258-2 (loose-leaf)
ISBN-13: 978-1-58001-307-9 (e-document)
ISBN-10: 1-58001-307-4 (e-document)
COPYRIGHT© 2006
by
INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2006 International Plumbing Code® is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code
Council, Inc. Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way of example,
and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system). For information on permission to
copy material exceeding fair use, please contact: Publications, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, EL 60478-5795.
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Trademarks: "International Code Council," the "International Code Council" logo and the "International Plumbing Code" are
trademarks of the International Code Council, Inc.
PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.
PREFACE
Introduction
Internationally, code officials recognize the need for a modern, up-to-date plumbing code addressing the design and installation of
plumbing systems through requirements emphasizing performance. The International Plumbing Code®, in this 2006 edition, is
designed to meet these needs through model code regulations that safeguard the public health and safety in all communities, large
and small.
This comprehensive plumbing code establishes minimum regulations for plumbing systems using prescriptive and perfor-
mance-related provisions. It is founded on broad-based principles that make possible the use of new materials and new plumbing
designs. This 2006 edition is fully compatible with all the International Codes® (I-Codes®) published by the International Code
Council (ICC)®, including the International Building Code®, ICC Electrical Code®, International Energy Conservation Code®,
International Existing Building Code®, International Fire Code®, International Fuel Gas Code®, International Mechanical Code®,
ICC Performance Code®, International Private Sewage Disposal Code®, International Property Maintenance Code®, Interna-
tional Residential Code®, International Wildland-Urban Interface Code™ and International Zoning Code®.
The International Plumbing Code provisions provide many benefits, among which is the model code development process that
offers an international forum for plumbing professionals to discuss performance and prescriptive code requirements. This forum
provides an excellent arena to debate proposed revisions. This model code also encourages international consistency in the applica-
tion of provisions.
Development
The first edition of the International Plumbing Code (1995) was the culmination of an effort initiated in 1994 by a development
committee appointed by the ICC and consisting of representatives of the three statutory members of the International Code Council
at that time, including: Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA), International Conference of Build-
ing Officials (ICBO) and Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI). The intent was to draft a comprehensive set of
regulations for plumbing systems consistent with and inclusive of the scope of the existing model codes. Technical content of the
latest model codes promulgated by BOCA, ICBO and SBCCI was utilized as the basis for the development. This 2006 edition pres-
ents the code as originally issued, with changes as reflected in the subsequent editions through 2003 ane with changes approved
through the ICC Code Development Process through 2005. A new edition such as this is promulgated every three years.
This code is founded on principles intended to establish provisions consistent with the scope of a plumbing code that adequately
protects public health, safety and welfare; provisions that do not unnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not
restrict the use of new materials, products or methods of construction; and provisions that do not give preferential treatment to par-
ticular types or classes of materials, products or methods of construction.
Adoption
The International Plumbing Code is available for adoption and use by jurisdictions internationally. Its use within a governmental
jurisdiction is intended to be accomplished through adoption by reference in accordance with proceedings establishing the jurisdic-
tion's laws. At the time of adoption, jurisdictions should insert the appropriate information in provisions requiring specific local
information, such as the name of the adopting jurisdiction. These locations are shown in bracketed words in small capital letters in
the code and in the sample ordinance. The sample adoption ordinance on page v addresses several key elements of a code adoption
ordinance, including the information required for insertion into the code text.
Maintenance
The International Plumbing Code is kept up to date through the review of proposed changes submitted by code enforcing officials,
industry representatives, design professionals and other interested parties. Proposed changes are carefully considered through an
open code development process in which all interested and affected parties may participate.
The contents of this work are subject to change both through the Code Development Cycles and the governmental body that
enacts the code into law. For more information regarding the code development process, contact the Code and Standard Develop-
ment Department of the International Code Council.
While the development procedure of the International Plumbing Code ensures the highest degree of care, ICC and ICC's mem-
bers and those participating in the development of this code do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance
with the provisions, since ICC and its members do not have the power or authority to police or enforce compliance with the contents
of this code. Only the governmental body that enacts the code into law has such authority.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® Hi
Letter Designations in Front of Section Numbers
In each code development cycle, proposed changes to the code are considered at the Code Development Hearings by the ICC
Plumbing Code Development Committee, whose action constitutes a recommendation to the voting membership for final action on
the proposed change. Proposed changes to a code section that has a number beginning with a letter in brackets are considered by a
different code development committee. For example, proposed changes to code sections that have [B] in front of them (e.g. [B]
309.2) are considered by the ICC Building Code Development Committee at the code development hearings.
The content of sections in this code that begin with a letter designation are maintained by another code development committee in
accordance with the following:
[B] = International Building Code Development Committee;
[E] = International Energy Conservation Code Development Committee;
[F] = International Fire Code Development Committee;
[M] = International Mechanical Code Development Committee.
Marginal Markings
Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from the requirements of the 2003 edition.
Deletion indicators in the form of an arrow ( ^ ) are provided in the margin where an entire section, paragraph, exception or table
has been deleted or an item in a list of items or a table has been deleted.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE"
ORDINANCE
The International Codes are designed and promulgated to be adopted by reference by ordinance. Jurisdictions wishing to adopt the
2006 International Plumbing Code as an enforceable regulation governing plumbing systems should ensure that certain factual
information is included in the adopting ordinance at the time adoption is being considered by the appropriate governmental body.
The following sample adoption ordinance addresses several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the information
required for insertion into the code text.
SAMPLE ORDINANCE FOR ADOPTION OF
THE INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
ORDINANCE NO.
An ordinance of the [JURISDICTION] adopting the 2006 edition of the International Plumbing Code, regulating and governing the
design, construction, quality of materials, erection, installation, alteration, repair, location, relocation, replacement, addition to, use
or maintenance of plumbing systems in the [JURISDICTION]; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor;
repealing Ordinance No. of the [JURISDICTION] and all other ordinances and parts of the ordinances in conflict therewith.
The [GOVERNING BODY] of the [JURISDICTION] does ordain as follows:
Section l.That a certain document, three (3) copies of which are on file in the office of the [TITLE OF JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF
RECORDS] of [NAME OF JURISDICTION], being marked and designated as the International Plumbing Code, 2006 edition, including
Appendix Chapters [FILL IN THE APPENDIX CHAPTERS BEING ADOPTED], as published by the International Code Council, be and is
hereby adopted as the Plumbing Code of the [JURISDICTION], in the State of [STATE NAME] regulating and governing the design, con-
struction, quality of materials, erection, installation, alteration, repair, location, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or mainte-
nance of plumbing systems as herein provided; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; and each and all
of the regulations, provisions, penalties, conditions and terms of said Plumbing Code on file in the office of the [JURISDICTION] are
hereby referred to, adopted, and made a part hereof, as if fully set out in this ordinance, with the additions, insertions, deletions and
changes, if any, prescribed in Section 2 of this ordinance.
Section 2. The following sections are hereby revised:
Section 101.1. Insert: [NAME OF JURISDICTION]
Section 106.6.2. Insert: [APPROPRIATE SCHEDULE]
Section 106.6.3. Insert: [PERCENTAGES IN TWO LOCATIONS]
Section 108.4. Insert: [OFFENSE, DOLLAR AMOUNT, NUMBER OF DAYS]
Section 108.5. Insert: [DOLLAR AMOUNT IN TWO LOCATIONS]
Section 305.6.1. Insert: [NUMBER OF INCHES IN TWO LOCATIONS]
Section 904.1. Insert: [NUMBER OF INCHES]
Section 3. That Ordinance No. of [JURISDICTION] entitled [FILL IN HERE THE COMPLETE TITLE OF THE ORDINANCE OR
ORDINANCES IN EFFECT AT THE PRESENT TIME SO THAT THEY WILL BE REPEALED BY DEFINITE MENTION] and all other ordinances
or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.
Section 4. That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be unconstitutional,
such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The [GOVERNING BODY] hereby declares that it
would have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more
sections, subsections, sentences, clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional.
Section 5. That nothing in this ordinance or in the Plumbing Code hereby adopted shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding
impending in any court, or any rights acquired, or liability incurred, or any cause or causes of action acquired or existing, under any
act or ordinance hereby repealed as cited in Section 3 of this ordinance; nor shall any just or legal right or remedy of any character be
lost, impaired or affected by this ordinance.
Section 6. That the [JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF RECORDS] is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be published.
(An additional provision may be required to direct the number of times the ordinance is to be published and to specify that it is to be
in a newspaper in general circulation. Posting may also be required.)
Section 7. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted
hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effect [TIME PERIOD] from and after the date of its final passage and adoption.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® v
vi 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION 1
Section
101 General 1
102 Applicability 1
103 Department of Plumbing Inspection 2
104 Duties and Powers of the Code Official 2
105 Approval 2
106 Permits 3
107 Inspections and Testing 5
108 Violations 6
109 Means of Appeal 6
CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 9
Section
201 General 9
202 General Definitions 9
CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS 17
Section
301 General 17
302 Exclusion of Materials Detrimental
to the Sewer System 17
303 Materials 17
304 Rodentproofing 17
305 Protection of Pipes and Plumbing
System Components 18
306 Trenching, Excavation and Backfill 18
307 Structural Safety 19
308 Piping Support 19
309 Flood Hazard Resistance 20
310 Washroom and Toilet Room
Requirements 20
311 Toilet Facilities for Workers 21
312 Tests and Inspections 21
313 Equipment Efficiencies 22
314 Condensate Disposal 22
CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND
FIXTURE FITTINGS 25
Section
401 General 25
402 Fixture Materials 25
403 Minimum Plumbing Facilities 25
404 Accessible Plumbing Facilities 28
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
405 Installation of Fixtures 28
406 Automatic Clothes Washers 29
407 Bathtubs 29
408 Bidets 29
409 Dishwashing Machines 30
410 Drinking Fountains 30
411 Emergency Showers and Eyewash
Stations 30
412 Floor and Trench Drains 30
413 Food Waste Grinder Units 30
414 Garbage Can Washers 30
415 Laundry Trays 30
416 Lavatories 30
417 Showers 31
418 Sinks 32
419 Urinals 32
420 Water Closets 32
421 Whirlpool Bathtubs 32
422 Health Care Fixtures and Equipment 32
423 Specialty Plumbing Fixtures 33
424 Faucets and Other Fixture Fittings 33
425 Flushing Devices for Water Closets
and Urinals 34
426 Manual Food and Beverage
Dispensing Equipment 34
427 Floor Sinks 34
CHAPTERS WATER HEATERS 35
Section
501 General 35
502 Installation 35
503 Connections 35
504 Safety Devices 35
505 Insulation 36
CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND
DISTRIBUTION 37
Section
601 General 37
602 Water Required 37
603 Water Service 37
604 Design of Building Water Distribution
System 38
605 Materials, Joints and Connections 39
VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
606 Installation of the Building Water
Distribution System 44
607 Hot Water Supply System 45
608 Protection of Potable Water Supply 46
609 Health Care Plumbing 50
610 Disinfection of Potable Water System 51
611 Drinking Water Treatment Units 51
612 Solar Systems 51
613 Temperature Control Devices and Valves 51
CHAPTER 7 SANITARY DRAINAGE 53
Section
701 General 53
702 Materials 53
703 Building Sewer 55
704 Drainage Piping Installation 55
705 Joints 55
706 Connections Between Drainage Piping
and Fittings 58
707 Prohibited Joints and Connections 59
708 Cleanouts 59
709 Fixture Units 60
710 Drainage System Sizing 60
711 Offsets in Drainage Piping in Buildings
of Five Stories or More 60
712 Sumps and Ejectors 63
713 Health Care Plumbing 64
714 Computerized Drainage Design 65
715 Backwater Valves 65
CHAPTER 8 INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE 67
Section
801 General 67
802 Indirect Wastes 67
803 Special Wastes 68
804 Materials, Joints and Connections 68
CHAPTER 9 VENTS 69
Section
901 General 69
902 Materials 69
903 Outdoor Vent Extension 69
904 Vent Terminals 69
905 Vent Connections and Grades 70
906 Fixture Vents 70
907 Individual Vent 70
908 Common Vent , 70
909 Wet Venting 70
910 Waste Stack Vent : . .71
911 Circuit Venting 71
912 Combination Drain And Vent System ......... 72
913 Island Fixture Venting 72
914 Relief Vents— Stacks of More Than
10 Branch Intervals 72
915 Vents for Stack Offsets 73
916 Vent Pipe Sizing 73
917 Air Admittance Valves 74
918 Engineered Vent Systems 75
919 Computerized Vent Design .75
CHAPTER 10 TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND
SEPARATORS 77
Section
1001 General 77
1002 Trap Requirements ., 77
1003 Interceptors and Separators 77
1004 Materials, Joints and Connections 79
CHAPTER 11 STORM DRAINAGE 81
Section
1101 General '..'.:. .■ 81
1102 Materials :...'.' 81
1103 Traps 82
1 104 Conductors and Connections 82
1 105 Roof Drains 82
1106 Size of Conductors, Leaders and
Storm Drains ; , . 82
1107 Secondary (Emergency) Roof Drains 89
1 108 Combined Sanitary and Storm System .90
1 109 Values for Continuous Flow 90
1110 Controlled Flow Roof Drain Systems 90
1111 Subsoil Drains 90
1112 Building Subdrains 90
1113 Sumps and Pumping Systems 90
CHAPTER 12 SPECIAL PIPING AND
STORAGE SYSTEMS 91
Section
1201 General 91
1202 Medical Gases 91
1203 Oxygen Systems 91
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 13 REFERENCED STANDARDS 93
APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE
SCHEDULE 101
Permit Issuance 101
Unit Fee Schedule 101
Other Inspections and Fees 101
APPENDIX B RATES OF RAINFALL FOR
VARIOUS CITIES 103
APPENDIX C GRAY WATER RECYCLING
SYSTEMS 105
Section
C101 General 105
CI 02 Systems for Flushing Water Closets
and Urinals 105
CI 03 Subsurface Landscape Irrigation Systems ..... 106
APPENDIX D DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN
TEMPERATURES Ill
APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING
SYSTEM 117
Section
E101 General 117
E102 Information Required 117
E103 Selection of Pipe Size ,117
E201 Selection of Pipe Size 134
APPENDIX F STRUCTURAL SAFETY 137
Section
F101 Cutting, Notching and Boring in
Wood Members 137
APPENDIX G VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEM . . 139
INDEX 141
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® ix
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 1
ADMINISTRATION
SECTION 101
GENERAL
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Interna-
tional Plumbing Code of [NAME OF JURISDICTION] hereinafter
referred to as "this code."
101.2 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the
erection, installation, alteration, repairs, relocation, replace-
ment, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing systems
within this jurisdiction. This code shall also regulate nonflam-
mable medical gas, inhalation anesthetic, vacuum piping,
nonmedical oxygen systems and sanitary and condensate vac-
uum collection systems. The installation of fuel gas distribu-
tion piping and equipment, fuel-gas-fired water heaters and
water heater venting systems shall be regulated by the Interna-
tional Fuel Gas Code. Provisions in the appendices shall not
apply unless specifically adopted.
Exception: Detached one- and two-family dwellings and
multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more
than three stories high with separate means of egress and
their accessory structures shall comply with the Interna-
tional Residential Code.
101.3 Intent. The purpose of this code is to provide minimum
standards to safeguard life or limb, health, property and public
welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction,
installation, quality of materials, location, operation and main-
tenance or use of plumbing equipment and systems.
101.4 Severability. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause
or phrase of this code is for any reason held to be unconstitu-
tional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remain-
ing portions of this code.
SECTION 102
APPLICABILITY
102.1 General. The provisions of this code shall apply to all
matters affecting or relating to structures, as set forth in Section
101 . Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code
specify different materials, methods of construction or other
requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
102.2 Existing installations. Plumbing systems lawfully in
existence at the time of the adoption of this code shall be per-
mitted to have their use and maintenance continued if the use,
maintenance or repair is in accordance with the original design
and no hazard to life, health or property is created by such
plumbing system.
102.3 Maintenance. All plumbing systems, materials and
appurtenances, both existing and new, and all parts thereof,
shall be maintained in proper operating condition in accor-
dance with the original design in a safe and sanitary condition.
All devices or safeguards required by this code shall be main-
tained in compliance with the code edition under which they
were installed.
The owner or the owner's designated agent shall be responsi-
ble for maintenance of plumbing systems. To determine com-
pliance with this provision, the code official shall have the
authority to require any plumbing system to be reinspected.
102.4 Additions, alterations or repairs. Additions, alter-
ations, renovations or repairs to any plumbing system shall
conform to that required for a new plumbing system without
requiring the existing plumbing system to comply with all the
requirements of this code. Additions, alterations or repairs
shall not cause an existing system to become unsafe, insanitary
or overloaded.
Minor additions, alterations, renovations and repairs to
existing plumbing systems shall be permitted in the same man-
ner and arrangement as in the existing system, provided that
such repairs or replacement are not hazardous and are
approved.
102.5 Change in occupancy. It shall be unlawful to make any
change in the occupancy of any structure that will subject the
structure to any special provision of this code without approval
of the code official. The code official shall certify that such
structure meets the intent of the provisions of law governing
building construction for the proposed new occupancy and that
such change of occupancy does not result in any hazard to the
public health, safety or welfare.
102.6 Historic buildings. The provisions of this code relating
to the construction, alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration,
relocation or moving of buildings or structures shall not be
mandatory for existing buildings or structures identified and
classified by the state or local jurisdiction as historic buildings
when such buildings or structures are judged by the code offi-
cial to be safe and in the public interest of health, safety and
welfare regarding any proposed construction, alteration,
repair, enlargement, restoration, relocation or moving of build-
ings.
102.7 Moved buildings. Except as determined by Section
102.2, plumbing systems that are a part of buildings or struc-
tures moved into or within the jurisdiction shall comply with
the provisions of this code for new installations.
102.8 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and stan-
dards referenced in this code shall be those that are listed in
Chapter 13 and such codes and standards shall be considered as
part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of
each such reference. Where the differences occur between pro-
visions of this code and the referenced standards, the provi-
sions of this code shall be the minimum requirements.
102.9 Requirements not covered by code. Any requirements
necessary for the strength, stability or proper operation of an
existing or proposed plumbing system, or for the public safety,
health and general welfare, not specifically covered by this
code shall be determined by the code official.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
ADMINISTRATION
SECTION 103
DEPARTMENT OF PLUMBING INSPECTION
103.1 General. The department of plumbing inspection is
hereby created and the executive official in charge thereof shall
be known as the code official.
103.2 Appointment. The code official shall be appointed by
the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction, and the code
official shall not be removed from office except for cause and
after full opportunity to be heard on specific and relevant
charges by and before the appointing authority.
103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures
of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing
authority, the code official shall have the authority to appoint a
deputy code official, other related technical officers, inspectors
and other employees.
103.4 Liability. The code official, officer or employee charged
with the enforcement of this code, while acting for the jurisdic-
tion, shall not thereby be rendered liable personally, and is
hereby relieved from all personal liability for any damage
accruing to persons or property as a result of any act required or
permitted in the discharge of official duties.
Any suit instituted against any officer or employee because
of an act performed by that officer or employee in the lawful
discharge of duties and under the provisions of this code shall
be defended by the legal representative of the jurisdiction until
the final termination of the proceedings. The code official or
any subordinate shall hot be liable for costs in any action, suit
or proceeding that is instituted in pursuance of the provisions of
this code, and any officer of the department of plumbing
inspection, acting in good faith and without malice, shall be
free from liability for acts performed under any of its provi-
sions or by reason of any act or omission in the performance of
official duties in connection therewith.
SECTION 104
DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL
104.1 General. The code official shall enforce all of the provi-
sions of this code and shall act on any question relative to the
installation, alteration, repair, maintenance or operation of all
plumbing systems, devices and equipment except as otherwise
specifically provided for by statutory requirements or as pro-
vided for in Sections 104.2 through 104.8.
104.2 Rule-making authority. The code official shall have
authority as necessary in the interest of public health, safety
and general welfare to adopt and promulgate rules and regula-
tions to interpret and implement the provisions of this code to
secure the intent thereof and to designate requirements applica-
ble because of local climatic or other conditions. Such rules
shall not have the effect of waiving structural or fire perfor-
mance requirements specifically provided for in this code, or of
violating accepted engineering practice involving public
safety.
104.3 Applications and permits. The code official shall
receive applications and issue permits for the installation and
alteration of plumbing, inspect the premises for which such
permits have been issued, and enforce compliance with the pro-
visions of this code.
104.4 Inspections. The code official shall make all the
required inspections, or shall accept reports of inspection by
approved agencies or individuals. All reports of such inspec-
tions shall be in writing and be certified by a responsible officer
of such approved agency or by the responsible individual. The
code official is authorized to engage such expert opinion as
deemed necessary to report on unusual technical issues that
arise, subject to the approval of the appointing authority.
104.5 Right of entry. Whenever it is necessary to make an
inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or whenever
the code official has reasonable cause to believe that there
exists in any building or upon any premises any conditions or
violations of this code that make the building or premises
unsafe, insanitary, dangerous or hazardous, the code official
shall have the authority to enter the building or premises at all
reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties imposed
upon the code official by this code. If such building or premises
is occupied, the code official shall present credentials to the
occupant and request entry. If such building or premises is
unoccupied, the code official shall first make a reasonable
effort to locate the owner or other person having charge or con-
trol of the building or premises and request entry. If entry is
refused, the code official shall have recourse to every remedy
provided by law to secure entry.
When the code official shall have first obtained a proper
inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure
entry, no owner or occupant or person having charge, care or
control of any building or premises shall fail or neglect, after
proper request is made as herein provided, to promptly permit
entry therein by the code official for the purpose of inspection
and examination pursuant to this code.
104.6 Identification. The code official shall carry proper iden-
tification when inspecting structures or premises in the perfor-
mance of duties under this code.
104.7 Notices and orders. The code official shall issue all nec-
essary notices or orders to ensure compliance with this code.
104.8 Department records. The code official shall keep offi-
cial records of applications received, permits and certificates
issued, fees collected, reports of inspections, and notices and
orders issued. Such records shall be retained in the official
records as long as the building or structure to which such
records relate remains in existence unless otherwise provided
for by other regulations.
SECTION 105
APPROVAL
105.1 Modifications. Whenever there are practical difficulties
involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the code
official shall have the authority to grant modifications for indi-
vidual cases, provided the code official shall first find that spe-
cial individual reason makes the strict letter of this code
impractical and the modification is in conformity with the
intent and purpose of this code and that such modification does
not lessen health, life and fire safety requirements. The details
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
ADMINISTRATION
of action granting modifications shall be recorded and entered
in the files of the plumbing inspection department.
105.2 Alternative materials, methods and equipment. The
provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installa-
tion of any material or to prohibit any method of construction
not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such
alternative has been approved. An alternative material or
method of construction shall be approved where the code offi-
cial finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies
with the intent of the provisions of this code, and that the mate-
rial, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at
least the equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality,
strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety.
105.3 Required testing. Whenever there is insufficient evi-
dence of compliance with the provisions of this code, or evi-
dence that a material or method does not conform to the
requirements of this code, or in order to substantiate claims for
alternate materials or methods, the code official shall have the
authority to require tests as evidence of compliance to be made
at no expense to the jurisdiction.
105.3.1 Test methods. Test methods shall be as specified in
this code or by other recognized test standards. In the
absence of recognized and accepted test methods, the code
official shall approve the testing procedures.
105.3.2 Testing agency. All tests shall be performed by an
approved agency.
105.3.3 Test reports. Reports of tests shall be retained by
the code official for the period required for retention of pub-
lic records.
105.4 Alternative engineered design. The design, documen-
tation, inspection, testing and approval of an alternative engi-
neered design plumbing system shall comply with Sections
105.4.1 through 105.4.6.
105.4.1 Design criteria. An alternative engineered design
shall conform to the intent of the provisions of this code and
shall provide an equivalent level of quality, strength, effec-
tiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety. Material,
equipment or components shall be designed and installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instruc-
tions.
105.4.2 Submittal. The registered design professional shall
indicate on the permit application that the plumbing system
is an alternative engineered design. The permit and perma-
nent permit records shall indicate that an alternative engi-
neered design was part of the approved installation.
105.4.3 Technical data. The registered design professional
shall submit sufficient technical data to substantiate the pro-
posed alternative engineered design and to prove that the
performance meets the intent of this code.
105.4.4 Construction documents. The registered design
professional shall submit to the code official two complete
sets of signed and sealed construction documents for the
alternative engineered design. The construction documents
shall include floor plans and a riser diagram of the work.
Where appropriate, the construction documents shall indi-
cate the direction of flow, all pipe sizes, grade of horizontal
piping, loading, and location of fixtures and appliances.
105.4.5 Design approval. Where the code official deter-
mines that the alternative engineered design conforms to the
intent of this code, the plumbing system shall be approved.
If the alternative engineered design is not approved, the
code official shall notify the registered design professional
in writing, stating the reasons thereof.
105.4.6 Inspection and testing. The alternative engineered
design shall be tested and inspected in accordance with the
requirements of Sections 107 and 312.
105.5 Material and equipment reuse. Materials, equipment
and devices shall not be reused unless such elements have been
reconditioned, tested, placed in good and proper working con-
dition and approved.
SECTION 106
PERMITS
106.1 When required. Any owner, authorized agent or con-
tractor who desires to construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move,
demolish or change the occupancy of a building or structure, or
to erect, install, enlarge, alter, repair, remove, convert or
replace any plumbing system, the installation of which is regu-
lated by this code, or to cause any such work to be done, shall
first make application to the code official and obtain the
required permit for the work.
106.2 Exempt work. The following work shall be exempt
from the requirement for a permit:
1 . The stopping of leaks in drains, water, soil, waste or vent
pipe provided, however, that if any concealed trap,
drainpipe, water, soil, waste or vent pipe becomes defec-
tive and it becomes necessary to remove and replace the
same with new material, such work shall be considered
as new work and a permit shall be obtained and inspec-
tion made as provided in this code.
2. The clearing of stoppages or the repairing of leaks in
pipes, valves or fixtures, and the removal and reinstalla-
tion of water closets, provided such repairs do not
involve or require the replacement or rearrangement of
valves, pipes or fixtures.
Exemption from the permit requirements of this codeshall
not be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done in
violation of the provisions of this code or any other laws or
ordinances of this jurisdiction.
106.3 Application for permit. Each application for a permit,
with the required fee, shall be filed with the code official on a
form furnished for that purpose and shall contain a general
description of the proposed work and its location. The applica-
tion shall be signed by the owner or an authorized agent. The
permit application shall indicate the proposed occupancy of all
parts of the building and of that portion of the site or lot, if any,
not covered by the building or structure and shall contain such
other information required by the code official.
106.3.1 Construction documents. Construction docu-
ments, engineering calculations, diagrams and other such
data shall be submitted in two or more sets with each appli-
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
ADMINISTRATION
cation for a permit. The code official shall require construc-
tion documents, computations and specifications to be
prepared and designed by a registered design professional
when required by state law. Construction documents shall
be drawn to scale and shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate
the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and
show in detail that the work conforms to the provisions of
this code. Construction documents for buildings more than
two stories in height shall indicate where penetrations will
be made for pipe, fittings and components and shall indicate
the materials and methods for maintaining required struc-
tural safety, fire-resistance rating and fireblocking.
Exception: The code official shall have the authority to
waive the submission of construction documents, calcu-
lations or other data if the nature of the work applied for
is such that reviewing of construction documents is not
necessary to determine compliance with this code.
106.4 By whom application is made. Application for a permit
shall be made by the person or agent to install all or part of any
plumbing system. The applicant shall meet all qualifications
established by statute, or by rules promulgated by this code, or
by ordinance or by resolution. The full name and address of the
applicant shall be stated in the application.
106.5 Permit issuance. The application, construction docu-
ments and other data filed by an applicant for permit shall be
reviewed by the code official. If the code official finds that the
proposed work conforms to the requirements of this code and
all laws and ordinances applicable thereto, and that the fees
specified in Section 106.6 have been paid, a permit shall be
issued to the applicant.
106.5.1 Approved construction documents. When the
code official issues the permit where construction docu-
ments are required, the construction documents shall be
endorsed in writing and stamped "APPROVED." Such
approved construction documents shall not be changed,
modified or altered without authorization from the code
official. All work shall be done in accordance with the
approved construction documents.
The code official shall have the authority to issue a permit
for the construction of a part of a plumbing system before
the entire construction documents for the whole system
have been submitted or approved, provided adequate infor-
mation and detailed statements have been filed complying
with all pertinent requirements of this code. The holders of
such permit shall proceed at their own risk without assur-
ance that the permit for the entire plumbing system will be
granted.
106.5.2 Validity. The issuance of a permit or approval of
construction documents shall not be construed to be a per-
mit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the provi-
sions of this code or any other ordinance of the jurisdiction.
No permit presuming to give authority to violate or cancel
the provisions of this code shall be valid.
The issuance of a permit based upon construction docu-
ments and other data shall not prevent the code official from
thereafter requiring the correction of errors in said construc-
tion documents and other data or from preventing building
operations being carried on thereunder when in violation of
this code or of other ordinances of this jurisdiction.
106.5.3 Expiration. Every permit issued by the code offi-
cial under the provisions of this code shall expire by limita-
tion and become null and void if the work authorized by
such permit is not commenced within 180 days from the
date of such permit, or if the work authorized by such permit
is suspended or abandoned at any time after the work is
commenced for a period of 1 80 days. Before such work can
be recommenced, a new permit shall be first obtained and
the fee therefor shall be one-half the amount required for a
new permit for such work, provided no changes have been
made or will be made in the original construction docu-
ments for such work, and provided further that such suspen-
sion or abandonment has not exceeded 1 year.
106.5.4 Extensions. Any permittee holding an unexpired
permit shall have the right to apply for an extension of the
time within which the permittee will commence work under
that permit when work is unable to be commenced within
the time required by this section for good and satisfactory
reasons. The code official shall extend the time for action by
the permittee for a period not exceeding 180 days if there is
reasonable cause. No permit shall be extended more than
once. The fee for an extension shall be one-half the amount
required for a new permit for such work.
106.5.5 Suspension or revocation of permit. The code
official shall revoke a permit or approval issued under the
provisions of this code in case of any false statement or mis-
representation of fact in the application or on the construc-
tion documents upon which the permit or approval was
based.
106.5.6 Retention of construction documents. One set of
construction documents shall be retained by the code offi-
cial until final approval of the work covered therein. One set
of approved construction documents shall be returned to the
applicant, and said set shall be kept on the site of the build-
ing or work at all times during which the work authorized
thereby is in progress.
106.6 Fees. A permit shall not be issued until the fees pre-
scribed in Section 106.6.2 have been paid, and an amendment
to a permit shall not be released until the additional fee, if any,
due to an increase of the plumbing systems, has been paid.
106.6.1 Work commencing before permit issuance. Any
person who commences any work on a plumbing system
before obtaining the necessary permits shall be subject to
100 percent of the usual permit fee in addition to the
required permit fees.
106.6.2 Fee schedule. The fees for all plumbing work shall
be as indicated in the following schedule:
[JURISDICTION TO INSERT APPROPRIATE SCHEDULE]
106.6.3 Fee refunds. The code official shall authorize the
refunding of fees as follows:
1 . The full amount of any fee paid hereunder that was
erroneously paid or collected.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
ADMINISTRATION
2. Not more than [SPECIFY PERCENTAGE] percent of the
permit fee paid when no work has been done under a
permit issued in accordance with this code.
3. Not more than [SPECIFY PERCENTAGE] percent of the
plan review fee paid when an application for a permit
for which a plan review fee has been paid is with-
drawn or canceled before any plan review effort has
been expended.
The code official shall not authorize the refunding of any
fee paid except upon written application filed by the original
permittee not later than 180 days after the date of fee
payment.
SECTION 107
INSPECTIONS AND TESTING
107.1 Required inspections and testing. The code official,
upon notification from the permit holder or the permit holder's
agent, shall make the following inspections and such other
inspections as necessary, and shall either release that portion of
the construction or shall notify the permit holder or an agent of
any violations that must be corrected. The holder of the permit
shall be responsible for the scheduling of such inspections.
1. Underground inspection shall be made after trenches or
ditches are excavated and bedded, piping installed, and
before any backfill is put in place.
2. Rough-in inspection shall be made after the roof, fram-
ing, fireblocking, firestopping, draftstopping and brac-
ing is in place and all sanitary, storm and water
distribution piping is roughed-in, and prior to the instal-
lation of wall or ceiling membranes.
3. Final inspection shall be made after the building is com-
plete, all plumbing fixtures are in place and properly con-
nected, and the structure is ready for occuancy.
107.1.1 Approved agencies. Test reports submitted to the
code official for consideration shall be developed by
approved agencies that have satisfied the requirements as to
qualifications and reliability.
107.1.2 Evaluation and follow-up inspection services.
Prior to the approval of a closed, prefabricated plumbing
system and the issuance of a plumbing permit, the code offi-
cial shall require the submittal of an evaluation report on
each prefabricated plumbing system indicating the com-
plete details of the plumbing system, including a description
of the system and its components, the basis upon which the
plumbing system is being evaluated, test results and similar
information, and other data as necessary for the code official
to determine conformance to this code.
107.1.2.1 Evaluation service. The code official shall
designate the evaluation service of an approved agency
as the evaluation agency, and review such agency's eval-
uation report for adequacy and conformance to this code.
107.1.2.2 Follow-up inspection. Except where ready
access is provided to all plumbing systems, service
equipment and accessories for complete inspection at the
site without disassembly or dismantling, the code official
shall conduct the frequency of in-plant inspections nec-
essary to ensure conformance to the approved evaluation
report or shall designate an independent, approved
inspection agency to conduct, such inspections. The
inspection agency shall furnish the code official with the
follow-up inspection manual and a report of inspections
upon request, and the plumbing system shall have an
identifying label permanently affixed to the system indi-
cating that factory inspections have been performed.
107.1.2.3 Test and inspection records. All required test
and inspection records shall be available to the code offi-
cial at all times during the fabrication of the plumbing
system and the erection of the building, or such records
as the code official designates shall be filed.
107.2 Special inspections. Special inspections of alternative
engineered design plumbing systems shall be conducted in
accordance with Sections 107.2.1 and 107.2.2.
107.2.1 Periodic inspection. The registered design profes-
sional or designated inspector shall periodically inspect and
observe the alternative engineered design to determine that
the installation is in accordance with the approved construc-
tion documents. All discrepancies shall be brought to the
immediate attention of the plumbing contractor for correc-
tion. Records shall be kept of all inspections.
107.2.2 Written report. The registered design professional
shall submit a final report in writing to the code official upon
completion of the installation, certifying that the alternative
engineered design conforms to the approved construction
documents. A notice of approval for the plumbing system
shall not be issued until a written certification has been sub-
mitted.
107.3 Testing. Plumbing work and systems shall be tested as
required in Section 312 and in accordance with Sections
107.3.1 through 107.3.3. Tests shall be made by the permit
holder and observed by the code official.
107.3.1 New, altered, extended or repaired systems. New
plumbing systems and parts of existing systems that have
been altered, extended or repaired shall be tested as pre-
scribed herein to disclose leaks and defects, except that test-
ing is not required in the following cases:
1. In any case that does not include addition to, replace-
ment, alteration or relocation of any water supply,
drainage or vent piping.
2. In any case where plumbing equipment is set up tem-
porarily for exhibition purposes.
107.3.2 Equipment, material and labor for tests. All
equipment, material and labor required for testing a plumb-
ing system or part thereof shall be furnished by the permit
holder.
107.3.3 Reinspection and testing. Where any work or
installation does not pass any initial test or inspection, the
necessary corrections shall be made to comply with this
code. The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to
the code official for inspection and testing.
107.4 Approval. After the prescribed tests and inspections
indicate that the work complies in all respects with this code, a
notice of approval shall be issued by the code official.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
ADMINISTRATION
107.5 Temporary connection. The code official shall have the
authority to authorize the temporary connection of the building
or system to the utility source for the purpose of testing plumb-
ing systems or for use under a temporary certificate of occu-
pancy.
SECTION 108
VIOLATIONS
108.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm
or corporation to erect, construct, alter, repair, remove, demol-
ish or utilize any plumbing system, or cause same to be done, in
conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this
code.
108.2 Notice of violation. The code official shall serve a notice
of violation or order to the person responsible for the erection,
installation, alteration, extension, repair, removal or demoli-
tion of plumbing work in violation of the provisions of this
code, or in violation of a detail statement or the approved con-
struction documents thereunder, or in violation of a permit or
certificate issued under the provisions of this code. Such order
shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action or condition
and the abatement of the violation.
108.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not
complied with promptly, the code official shall request the legal
counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate proceed-
ing at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such viola-
tion, or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful
occupancy of the structure in violation of the provisions of this
code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.
108.4 Violation penalties. Any person who shall violate a pro-
vision of this code or shall fail to comply with any of the
requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter or repair
plumbing work in violation of the approved construction docu-
ments or directive of the code official, or of a permit or certifi-
cate issued under the provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a
[SPECIFY offense], punishable by a fine of not more than
[AMOUNT] dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding [NUMBER
OF DAYS], or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a
violation continues after due notice has been served shall be
deemed a separate offense.
108.5 Stop work orders. Upon notice from the code official,
work on any plumbing system that is being done contrary to the
provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner shall
immediately cease. Such notice shall be in writing and shall be
given to the owner of the property, or to the owner's agent, or to
the person doing the work. The notice shall state the conditions
under which work is authorized to resume. Where an emer-
gency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a
written notice prior to stopping the work. Any person who shall
continue any work in or about the structure after having been
served with a stop work order, except such work as that person
is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condi-
tion,shall be liable to a fine of not less than [AMOUNT] dollars or
more than [AMOUNT] dollars.
108.6 Abatement of violation. The imposition of the penalties
herein prescribed shall not preclude the legal officer of the
jurisdiction from instituting appropriate action to prevent
unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a viola-
tion, or to prevent illegal occupancy of a building, structure or
premises, or to stop an illegal act, conduct, business or utiliza-
tion of the plumbing on or about any premises.
108.7 Unsafe plumbing. Any plumbing regulated by this code
that is unsafe or that constitutes a fire or health hazard, insani-
tary condition, or is otherwise dangerous to human life is
hereby declared unsafe. Any use of plumbing regulated by this
code constituting a hazard to safety, health or public welfare by
reason of inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence,
fire hazard, disaster, damage or abandonment is hereby
declared an unsafe use. Any such unsafe equipment is hereby
declared to be a public nuisance and shall be abated by repair,
rehabilitation, demolition or removal.
108.7.1 Authority to condemn equipment. Whenever the
code official determines that any plumbing, or portion
thereof, regulated by this code has become hazardous to life,
health or property or has become insanitary, the code offi-
cial shall order in writing that such plumbing either be
removed or restored to a safe or sanitary condition. A time
limit for compliance with such order shall be specified in the
written notice. No person shall use or maintain defective
plumbing after receiving such notice.
When such plumbing is to be disconnected, written
notice as prescribed in Section 108.2 shall be given. In cases
of immediate danger to life or property, such disconnection
shall be made immediately without such notice.
108.7.2 Authority to disconnect service utilities. The code
official shall have the authority to authorize disconnection
of utility service to the building, structure or system regu-
lated by the technical codes in case of an emergency, where
necessary, to eliminate an immediate danger to life or prop-
erty. Where possible, the owner and occupant of the build-
ing, structure or service system shall be notified of the
decision to disconnect utility service prior to taking such
action. If not notified prior to disconnecting, the owner or
occupant of the building, structure or service systems shall
be notified in writing, as soon as practical thereafter.
108.7.3 Connection after order to disconnect. No person
shall make connections from any energy, fuel, power supply
or water distribution system or supply energy, fuel or water
to any equipment regulated by this code that has been dis-
connected or ordered to be disconnected by the code official
or the use of which has been ordered to be discontinued by
the code official until the code official authorizes the
reconnection and use of such equipment.
When any plumbing is maintained in violation of this
code, and in violation of any notice issued pursuant to the
provisions of this section, the code official shall institute any
appropriate action to prevent, restrain, correct or abate the
violation.
SECTION 109
MEANS OF APPEAL
109.1 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right
to appeal a decision of the code official to the board of appeals.
An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the true
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
ADMINISTRATION
intent of this code or the rules legally adopted thereunder have
been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not
fully apply, or an equally good or better form of construction is
proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained
from the code official within 20 days after the notice was
served.
109.2 Membership of board. The board of appeals shall con-
sist of five members appointed by the chief appointing author-
ity as follows: one for 5 years, one for 4 years, one for 3 years,
one for 2 years and one for 1 year. Thereafter, each new mem-
ber shall serve for 5 years or until a successor has been
appointed.
109.2.1 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist
of five individuals, one from each of the following profes-
sions or disciplines:
1. Registered design professional who is a registered
architect; or a builder or superintendent of building
construction with at least 10 years' experience, 5
years of which shall have been in responsible charge
of work.
2. Registered design professional with structural engi-
neering or architectural experience.
3. Registered design professional with mechanical and
plumbing engineering experience; or a mechanical
and plumbing contractor with at least 10 years' expe-
rience, 5 years of which shall have been in responsible
charge of work.
4. Registered design professional with electrical engi-
neering experience; or an electrical contractor with at
least 10 years' experience, 5 years of which shall have
been in responsible charge of work.
5. Registered design professional with fire protection
engineering experience; or a fire protection contrac-
tor with at least 10 years' experience, 5 years of which
shall have been in responsible charge of work.
109.2.2 Alternate members. The chief appointing author-
ity shall appoint.two alternate members who shall be called
by the board chairman to hear appeals during the absence or
disqualification of a member. Alternate members shall pos-
sess the qualifications required for board membership, and
shall be appointed for 5 years or until a successor has been
appointed.
109.2.3 Chairman. The board shall annually select one of
its members to serve as chairman.
109.2.4 Disqualification of member. A member shall not
hear an appeal in which that member has any personal, pro-
fessional or financial interest.
109.2.5 Secretary. The chief administrative officer shall
designate a qualified clerk to serve as secretary to the board.
The secretary shall file a detailed record of all proceedings
in the office of the chief administrative officer.
109.2.6 Compensation of members. Compensation of
members shall be determined by law.
109.3 Notice of meeting. The board shall meet upon notice
from the chairman, within 10 days of the filing of an appeal or
at stated periodic meetings.
109.4 Open hearing. All hearings before the board shall be
open to the public. The appellant, the appellant's representa-
tive, the code official and any person whose interests are
affected shall be given an opportunity to be heard.
109.4.1 Procedure. The board shall adopt and make avail-
able to the public through the secretary procedures under
which a hearing will be conducted. The procedures shall not
require compliance with strict rules of evidence, but shall
mandate that only relevant information be received.
109.5 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present
to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant's repre-
sentative shall have the right to request a postponement of the
hearing.
109.6 Board decision. The board shall modify or reverse the
decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three mem-
bers.
109.6.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by
resolution. Certified copies shall be furnished to the appel-
lant and to the code official.
109.6.2 Administration. The code official shall take imme-
diate action in accordance with the decision of the board.
109.7 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous
party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropri-
ate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Appli-
cation for review shall be made in the manner and time required
by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the
chief administrative officer.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 2
DEFINITIONS
SECTION 201
GENERAL
201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following
words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, have the
meanings shown in this chapter.
201.2 Interchangeability. Words stated in the present tense
include the future; words stated in the masculine gender
include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes
the plural and the plural the singular.
201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not
defined in this code and are defined in the International Build-
ing Code, International Fire Code, ICC Electrical Code, Inter-
national Fuel Gas Code or the International Mechanical Code,
such terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them as in those
codes.
201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined
through the methods authorized by this section, such terms
shall have ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context
implies.
SECTION 202
GENERAL DEFINITIONS
ACCEPTED ENGINEERING PRACTICE. That which
conforms to accepted principles, tests or standards of nation-
ally recognized technical or scientific authorities.
ACCESS (TO). That which enables a fixture, appliance or
equipment to be reached by ready access or by a means that first
requires the removal or movement of a panel, door or similar
obstruction (see "Ready access").
ACCESS COVER. A removable plate, usually secured by
bolts or screws, to permit access to a pipe or pipe fitting for the
purposes of inspection, repair or cleaning.
ADAPTER FITTING. An approved connecting device that
suitably and properly joins or adjusts pipes and fittings which
do not otherwise fit together.
AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE. One-way valve designed to
allow air to enter the plumbing drainage system when negative
pressures develop in the piping system. The device shall close
by gravity and seal the vent terminal at zero differential pres-
sure (no flow conditions) and under positive internal pressures.
The purpose of an air admittance valve is to provide a method
of allowing air to enter the plumbing drainage system without
the use of a vent extended to open air and to prevent sewer gases
from escaping into a building.
AIR BREAK (Drainage System). A piping arrangement in
which a drain from a fixture, appliance or device discharges
indirectly into another fixture, receptacle or interceptor at a
point below the flood level rim and above the trap seal.
AIR GAP (Drainage System). The unobstructed vertical dis-
tance through the free atmosphere between the outlet of the
waste pipe and the flood level rim of the receptacle into which
the waste pipe is discharging.
AIR GAP (Water Distribution System). The unobstructed
vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the low-
est opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank,
plumbing fixture or other device and the flood level rim of the
receptacle.
ALTERNATIVE ENGINEERED DESIGN. A plumbing
system that performs in accordance with the intent of Chapters
3 through 12 and provides an equivalent level of performance
for the protection of public health, safety and welfare. The sys-
tem design is not specifically regulated by Chapters 3 through
12.
ANCHORS. See "Supports."
ANTISIPHON. A term applied to valves or mechanical
devices that eliminate siphonage.
APPROVED. Acceptable to the code official or other author- I
ity having jurisdiction.
APPROVED AGENCY. An established and recognized
agency approved by the code official and that is regularly
engaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection services.
AREA DRAIN. A receptacle designed to collect surface or
storm water from an open area.
ASPIRATOR. A fitting or device supplied with water or other
fluid under positive pressure that passes through an integral
orifice or constriction, causing a vacuum. Aspirators are also
referred to as suction apparatus, and are similar in operation to
an ejector.
BACKFLOW. Pressure created by any means in the water dis-
tribution system, which by being in excess of the pressure in the
water supply mains causes a potential backflow condition.
Backpressure, low head. A pressure less than or equal to
4.33 psi (29.88 kPa) or the pressure exerted by a 10-foot
(3048 mm) column of water.
Backsiphonage. The backflow of potentially contaminated
water into the potable water system as a result of the pres-
sure in the potable water system falling below atmospheric
pressure of the plumbing fixtures, pools, tanks or vats con-
nected to the potable water distribution piping.
Backwater valve. A device or valve installed in the build-
ing drain or sewer pipe where a sewer is subject to backflow,
and which prevents drainage or waste from backing up into
a low level or fixtures and causing a flooding condition.
Drainage. A reversal of flow in the drainage system.
Water supply system. The flow of water or other liquids,
mixtures or substances into the distribution pipes of a pota-
ble water supply from any source except the intended
source.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
9
DEFINITIONS
BACKFLOW CONNECTION. Any arrangement whereby
backflow is possible.
BACKFLOW PREVENTER. A device or means to prevent
backflow.
BALL COCK. See "Fill valve."
BASE FLOOD ELEVATION. A reference point, determined
in accordance with the building code, based on the depth or
peak elevation of flooding, including wave height, which has a
1 percent (100-year flood) or greater chance of occurring in
any given year.
BATHROOM GROUP. A group of fixtures consisting of a
water closet, lavatory, bathtub or shower, including or exclud-
ing a bidet, an emergency floor drain or both. Such fixtures are
located together on the same floor level.
BEDPAN STEAMER OR BOILER. A fixture utilized for
scalding bedpans or urinals by direct application of steam or
boiling water.
BEDPAN WASHER AND STERILIZER. A fixture
designed to wash bedpans and to flush the contents into the san-
itary drainage system. Included are fixtures of this type that
provide for disinfecting utensils by scalding with steam or hot
water.
BEDPAN WASHER HOSE. A device supplied with hot and
cold water and located adjacent to a water closet or clinical sink
to be utilized for cleansing bedpans.
BRANCH. Any part of the piping system except a riser, main
or stack.
BRANCH INTERVAL. A vertical measurement of distance,
8 feet (2438 mm) or more in developed length, between the
connections of horizontal branches to a drainage stack. Mea-
surements are taken down the stack from the highest horizontal
branch connection.
BRANCH VENT. A vent connecting one or more individual
vents with a vent stack or stack vent.
BUILDING. Any structure occupied or intended for support-
ing or sheltering any occupancy.
BUILDING DRAIN. That part of the lowest piping of a drain-
age system that receives the discharge from soil, waste and
other drainage pipes inside and that extends 30 inches (762
mm) in developed length of pipe beyond the exterior walls of
the building and conveys the drainage to the building sewer.
Combined. A building drain that conveys both sewage and
storm water or other drainage.
Sanitary. A building drain that conveys sewage only.
Storm. A building drain that conveys storm water or other
drainage, but not sewage.
BUILDING SEWER. That part of the drainage system that
extends from the end of the building drain and conveys the dis-
charge to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage dis-
posal system or other point of disposal.
Combined. A building sewer that conveys both sewage and
storm water or other drainage.
Sanitary. A building sewer that conveys sewage only.
Storm. A building sewer that conveys storm water or other
drainage, but not sewage.
BUILDING SUBDRAIN. That portion of a drainage system
that does not drain by gravity into the building sewer.
BUILDING TRAP. A device, fitting or assembly of fittings
installed in the building drain to prevent circulation of air
between the drainage system of the building and the building
sewer.
CIRCUIT VENT. A vent that connects to a horizontal drain-
age branch and vents two traps to a maximum of eight traps or
trapped fixtures connected into a battery.
CISTERN. A small covered tank for storing water for a home
or farm. Generally, this tank stores rainwater to be utilized for
purposes other than in the potable water supply, and such tank
is placed underground in most cases.
CLEANOUT. An access opening in the drainage system uti-
lized for the removal of obstructions. Types of cleanouts
include a removable plug or cap, and a removable fixture or fix-
ture trap.
CODE. These regulations, subsequent amendments thereto, or
any emergency rule or regulation that the administrative
authority having jurisdiction has lawfully adopted.
CODE OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated authority
charged with the administration and enforcement of this code,
or a duly authorized representative.
COMBINATION FIXTURE. A fixture combining one sink
and laundry tray or a two- or three-compartment sink or laun-
dry tray in one unit.
COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM. A spe
cially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizon-
tal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor drains by means of
a common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide free
movement of air above the flow line of the drain.
COMBINED BUILDING DRAIN. See "Building drain,
combined."
COMBINED BUILDING SEWER. See "Building sewer,
combined."
COMMON VENT. A vent connecting at the junction of two
fixture drains or to a fixture branch and serving as a vent for
both fixtures.
CONCEALED FOULING SURFACE. Any surface of a
plumbing fixture which is not readily visible and is not scoured
or cleansed with each fixture operation.
CONDUCTOR. A pipe inside the building that conveys storm
water from the roof to a storm or combined building drain.
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. All of the written,
graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for
describing the design, location and physical characteristics of
the elements of the project necessary for obtaining a building
permit. The construction drawings shall be drawn to an appro-
priate scale.
CONTAMINATION. An impairment of the quality of the
potable water that creates an actual hazard to the public health
10
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
DEFINITIONS
through poisoning or through the spread of disease by sewage,
industrial fluids or waste.
CRITICAL LEVEL (C-L). An elevation (height) reference
point that determines the minimum height at which a backflow
preventer or vacuum breaker is installed above the flood level
rim of the fixture or receptor served by the device. The critical
level is the elevation level below which there is a potential for
backflow to occur. If the critical level marking is not indicated
on the device, the bottom of the device shall constitute the criti-
cal level.
CROSS CONNECTION.Any physical connection or
arrangement between two otherwise separate piping systems,
one of which contains potable water and the other either water
of unknown or questionable safety or steam, gas or chemical,
whereby there exists the possibility for flow from one system to
the other, with the direction of flow depending on the pressure
differential between the two systems (see "Backflow").
DEAD END. A branch leading from a soil, waste or vent pipe;
a building drain; or a building sewer, and terminating at a devel-
oped length of 2 feet (610 mm) or more by means of a plug, cap
or other closed fitting.
DEPTH OF WATER SEAL. The depth of water that would
have to be removed from a full trap before air could pass
through the trap.
DESIGN FLOOD ELEVATION. The elevation of the
"design flood," including wave height, relative to the datum
specified on the community's legally designated flood hazard
map.
DEVELOPED LENGTH. The length of a pipeline measured
along the centerline of the pipe and fittings.
DISCHARGE PIPE. A pipe that conveys the discharges from
plumbing fixtures or appliances.
DRAIN. Any pipe that carries wastewater or water-borne
wastes in a building drainage system.
DRAINAGE FITTINGS. Type of fitting or fittings utilized in
the drainage system. Drainage fittings are similar to cast-iron
fittings, except that instead of having a bell and spigot, drainage
fittings are recessed and tapped to eliminate ridges on the
inside of the installed pipe.
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT
Drainage (dfu). A measure of the probable discharge into
the drainage system by various types of plumbing fixtures.
The drainage fixture-unit value for a particular fixture
depends on its volume rate of drainage discharge, on the
time duration of a single drainage operation and on the aver-
age time between successive operations.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM. Piping within a public or private
premise that conveys sewage, rainwater or other liquid wastes
to a point of disposal. A drainage system does not include the
mains of a public sewer system or a private or public sewage
treatment or disposal plant.
Building gravity. A drainage system that drains by gravity
into the building sewer.
Sanitary. A drainage system that carries sewage and
excludes storm, surface and ground water.
Storm. A drainage system that carries rainwater, surface
water, subsurface water and similar liquid wastes.
EFFECTIVE OPENING. The minimum cross-sectional area
at the point of water supply discharge, measured or expressed
in terms of the diameter of a circle or, if the opening is not circu-
lar, the diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area.
For faucets and similar fittings, the effective opening shall be
measured at the smallest orifice in the fitting body or in the sup-
ply piping to the fitting.
EMERGENCY FLOOR DRAIN. A floor drain that does not
receive the discharge of any drain or indirect waste pipe, and
that protects against damage from accidental spills, fixture
overflows and leakage.
ESSENTIALLY NONTOXIC TRANSFER FLUIDS.
Fluids having a Gosselin rating of 1, including propylene
glycol; mineral oil; polydimethylsiloxane;
hydrochlorofluoro-carbon, chlorofluorocarbon and carbon
refrigerants; and FDA-approved boiler water additives for
steam boilers.
ESSENTIALLY TOXIC TRANSFER FLUIDS. Soil, waste
or gray water and fluids having a Gosselin rating of 2 or more
including ethylene glycol, hydrocarbon oils, ammonia refrig-
erants and hydrazine.
EXISTING INSTALLATIONS. Any plumbing system regu-
lated by this code that was legally installed prior to the effective
date of this code, or for which a permit to install has been
issued.
FAUCET. A valve end of a water pipe through which water is
drawn from or held within the pipe.
FILL VALVE. A water supply valve, opened or closed by
means of a float or similar device, utilized to supply water to a
tank. An antisiphon fill valve contains an antisiphon device in
the form of an approved air gap or vacuum breaker that is an
integral part of the fill valve unit and that is positioned on the
discharge side of the water supply control valve.
FIXTURE. See "Plumbing fixture."
FIXTURE BRANCH. A drain serving two or more fixtures
that discharges to another drain or to a stack.
FIXTURE DRAIN. The drain from the trap of a fixture to a
junction with any other drain pipe.
FIXTURE FITTING
Supply fitting. A fitting that controls the volume and/or
directional flow of water and is either attached to or accessi-
ble from a fixture, or is used with an open or atmospheric
discharge.
Waste fitting. A combination of components that conveys
the sanitary waste from the outlet of a fixture to the connec-
tion to the sanitary drainage system.
FIXTURE SUPPLY. The water supply pipe connecting a fix-
ture to a branch water supply pipe or directly to a main water
supply pipe.
FLOOD LEVEL RIM. The edge of the receptacle from which
water overflows.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
11
DEFINITIONS
FLOOD HAZARD AREA. The greater of the following two
areas:
1. The area within a flood plain subject to a 1 -percent or
greater chance of flooding in any given year.
2. The area designated as a flood hazard area on a commu-
nity's flood hazard map or as otherwise legally desig-
nated.
FLOW CONTROL (Vented). A device installed upstream
from the interceptor having an orifice that controls the rate of
flow through the interceptor and an air intake (vent) down-
stream from the orifice that allows air to be drawn into the flow
stream.
FLOW PRESSURE. The pressure in the water supply pipe
near the faucet or water outlet while the faucet or water outlet is
wide open and flowing.
FLUSH TANK. A tank designed with a fill valve and flush
valve to flush the contents of the bowl or usable portion of the
fixture.
FLUSHOMETER TANK. A device integrated within an air
accumulator vessel that is designed to discharge a predeter-
mined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes.
FLUSHOMETER VALVE. A valve attached to a pressurized
water supply pipe and so designed that when activated it opens
the line for direct flow into the fixture at a rate and quantity to
operate the fixture properly, and then gradually closes to reseal
fixture traps and avoid water hammer.
GREASE INTERCEPTOR. A plumbing appurtenance that
is installed in a sanitary drainage system to intercept oily and
greasy wastes from a wastewater discharge. Such device has
the ability to intercept free-floating fats and oils.
GREASE-LADEN WASTE. Effluent discharge that is pro-
duced from food processing, food preparation or other sources
where grease, fats and oils enter automatic dishwater prerinse
stations, sinks or other appurtenances.
GREASE REMOVAL DEVICE, AUTOMATIC (GRD). A
plumbing appurtenance that is installed in the sanitary drainage
system to intercept free-floating fats, oils and grease from
wastewater discharge. Such a device operates on a time- or
event-controlled basis and has the ability to remove free-float-
ing fats, oils and grease automatically without intervention
from the user except for maintenance.
GRIDDED WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. A water
distribution system where every water distribution pipe is inter-
connected so as to provide two or more paths to each fixture
supply pipe.
HANGERS. See "Supports."
HORIZONTAL BRANCH DRAIN. A drainage branch pipe
extending laterally from a soil or waste stack or building drain,
with or without vertical sections or branches, that receives the
discharge from two or more fixture drains or branches and con-
ducts the discharge to the soil or waste stack or to the building
drain.
HORIZONTAL PIPE. Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle
of less than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) with the horizontal.
HOT WATER. Water at a temperature greater than or equal to
110°F (43°C).
HOUSE TRAP. See "Building trap."
INDIRECT WASTE PIPE. A waste pipe that does not con-
nect directly with the drainage system, but that discharges into
the drainage system through an air break or air gap into a trap,
fixture, receptor or interceptor.
INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM. A system
for disposal of domestic sewage by means of a septic tank,cess-
pool or mechanical treatment, designed for utilization apart
from a public sewer to serve a single establishment or building.
INDIVIDUAL VENT. A pipe installed to vent a fixture trap
and connects with the vent system above the fixture served or
terminates in the open air.
INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLY. A water supply that serves
one or more families, and that is not an approved public water
supply.
INTERCEPTOR. A device designed and installed to separate
and retain for removal, by automatic or manual means, delete-
rious, hazardous or undesirable matter from normal wastes,
while permitting normal sewage or wastes to discharge into the
drainage system by gravity.
JOINT
Expansion. A loop, return bend or return offset that pro-
vides for the expansion and contraction in a piping system
and is utilized in tall buildings or where there is a rapid
change of temperature, as in power plants, steam rooms and
similar occupancies.
Flexible. Any joint between two pipes that permits one pipe
to be deflected or moved without movement or deflection of
the other pipe.
Mechanical. See "Mechanical joint."
Slip. A type of joint made by means of a washer or a special
type of packing compound in which one pipe is slipped into
the end of an adjacent pipe.
LEAD-FREE PIPE AND FITTINGS. Containing not more
than 8.0-percent lead.
LEAD-FREE SOLDER AND FLUX. Containing not more
than 0.2-percent lead.
LEADER. An exterior drainage pipe for conveying storm
water from roof or gutter drains to an approved means of dis-
posal.
LOCAL VENT STACK. A vertical pipe to which connections
are made from the fixture side of traps and through which vapor
or foul air is removed from the fixture or device utilized on bed-
pan washers.
MACERATING TOILET SYSTEMS. An assembly consist-
ing of a water closet and sump with a macerating pump that is
designed to collect, grind and pump wastes from the water
closet and up to two other fixtures connected to the sump.
MAIN. The principal pipe artery to which branches are con-
nected.
MANIFOLD. See "Plumbing appurtenance."
12
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
DEFINITIONS
MECHANICAL JOINT. A connection between pipes, fit-
tings, or pipes and fittings that is not screwed, caulked,
threaded, soldered, solvent cemented, brazed or welded. A
joint in which compression is applied along the centerline of
the pieces being joined. In some applications, the joint is part of
a coupling, fitting or adapter.
MEDICAL GAS SYSTEM. The complete system to convey
medical gases for direct patient application from central supply
systems (bulk tanks, manifolds and medical air compressors),
with pressure and operating controls, alarm warning systems,
related components and piping networks extending to station
outlet valves at patient use points.
MEDICAL VACUUM SYSTEMS. A system consisting of
central- vacuum-producing equipment with pressure and oper-
ating controls, shutoff valves, alarm- warning systems, gauges
and a network of piping extending to and terminating with suit-
able station inlets at locations where patient suction may be
required.
NONPOTABLE WATER. Water not safe for drinking, per-
sonal or culinary utilization.
NUISANCE. Public nuisance as known in common law or in
equity jurisprudence; whatever is dangerous to human life or
detrimental to health; whatever structure or premises is not suf-
ficiently ventilated, sewered, drained, cleaned or lighted, with
respect to its intended occupancy; and whatever renders the air,
or human food, drink or water supply unwholesome.
OCCUPANCY. The purpose for which a building or portion
thereof is utilized or occupied.
OFFSET. A combination of approved bends that makes two
changes in direction bringing one section of the pipe out of line
but into a line parallel with the other section.
OPEN AIR. Outside the structure.
PLUMBING. The practice, materials and fixtures utilized in
the installation, maintenance, extension and alteration of all
piping, fixtures, plumbing appliances and plumbing appurte-
nances, within or adjacent to any structure, in connection with
sanitary drainage or storm drainage facilities; venting systems;
and public or private water supply systems.
PLUMBING APPLIANCE. Any one of a special class of
plumbing fixtures intended to perform a special function.
Included are fixtures having the operation or control dependent
on one or more energized components, such as motors, con-
trols, heating elements, or pressure- or temperature-sensing
elements.
Such fixtures are manually adjusted or controlled by the
owner or operator, or are operated automatically through one or
more of the following actions: a time cycle, a temperature
range, a pressure range, a measured volume or weight.
PLUMBING APPURTENANCE. A manufactured device,
prefabricated assembly or an on-the-job assembly of compo-
nent parts that is an adjunct to the basic piping system and
plumbing fixtures. An appurtenance demands no additional
water supply and does not add any discharge load to a fixture or
to the drainage system.
PLUMBING FIXTURE. A receptacle or device that is either
permanently or temporarily connected to the water distribution
system of the premises and demands a supply of water there-
from; discharges wastewater, liquid-borne waste materials or
sewage either directly or indirectly to the drainage system of
the premises; or requires both a water supply connection and a
discharge to the drainage system of the premises.
PLUMBING SYSTEM. Includes the water supply and distri-
bution pipes; plumbing fixtures and traps; water-treating or
water-using equipment; soil, waste and vent pipes; and sanitary
and storm sewers and building drains; in addition to their
respective connections, devices and appurtenances within a
structure or premises.
POLLUTION. An impairment of the quality of the potable
water to a degree that does not create a hazard to the public
health but that does adversely and unreasonably affect the aes-
thetic qualities of such potable water for domestic use.
POTABLE WATER. Water free from impurities present in
amounts sufficient to cause disease or harmful physiological
effects and conforming to the bacteriological and chemical
quality requirements of the Public Health Service Drinking
Water Standards or the regulations of the public health author-
ity having jurisdiction.
PRIVATE. In the classification of plumbing fixtures, "private"
applies to fixtures in residences and apartments, and to fixtures
in nonpublic toilet rooms of hotels and motels and similar
installations in buildings where the plumbing fixtures are
intended for utilization by a family or an individual.
PUBLIC OR PUBLIC UTILIZATION. In the classification
of plumbing fixtures, "public" applies to fixtures in general toi-
let rooms of schools, gymnasiums, hotels, airports, bus and
railroad stations, public buildings, bars, public comfort sta-
tions, office buildings, stadiums, stores, restaurants and other
installations where a number of fixtures are installed so that
their utilization is similarly unrestricted.
PUBLIC WATER MAIN. A water supply pipe for public uti-
lization controlled by public authority.
QUICK-CLOSING VALVE. A valve or faucet that closes
automatically when released manually or that is controlled by a
mechanical means for fast-action closing.
READY ACCESS. That which enables a fixture, appliance or
equipment to be directly reached without requiring the removal
or movement of any panel, door or similar obstruction and
without the use of a portable ladder, step stool or similar device.
REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE BACKFLOW
PREVENTER. A backflow prevention device consisting of
two independently acting check valves, internally force-loaded
to a normally closed position and separated by an intermediate
chamber (or zone) in which there is an automatic relief means
of venting to the atmosphere, internally loaded to a normally
open position between two tightly closing shutoff valves and
with a means for testing for tightness of the checks and opening
of the relief means.
REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An individual
who is registered or licensed to practice professional architec-
ture or engineering as defined by the statutory requirements of
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
13
DEFINITIONS
the professional registration laws of the state or jurisdiction in
which the project is to be constructed.
RELIEF VALVE
Pressure relief valve. A pressure-actuated valve held
closed by a spring or other means and designed to relieve
pressure automatically at the pressure at which such valve is
set.
Temperature and pressure relief (T&P) valve. A combi-
nation relief valve designed to function as both a tempera-
ture relief and a pressure relief valve.
Temperature relief valve. A temperature-actuated valve
designed to discharge automatically at the temperature at
which such valve is set.
RELIEF VENT. A vent whose primary function is to provide
circulation of air between drainage and vent systems.
RIM. An unobstructed open edge of a fixture.
RISER. See "Water pipe, riser."
ROOF DRAIN. A drain installed to receive water collecting
on the surface of a roof and to discharge such water into a leader
or a conductor.
ROUGH-IN. Parts of the plumbing system that are installed
prior to the installation of fixtures. This includes drainage,
water supply, vent piping and the necessary fixture supports
and any fixtures that are built into the structure.
SELF-CLOSING FAUCET. A faucet containing a valve that
automatically closes upon deactivation of the opening means.
SEPARATOR. See "Interceptor."
SEWAGE. Any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable
matter in suspension or solution, including liquids containing
chemicals in solution.
SEWAGE EJECTORS. A device for lifting sewage by
entraining the sewage in a high-velocity jet of steam, air or
water.
SEWER
Building sewer. See "Building sewer."
Public sewer. A common sewer directly controlled by pub-
lic authority.
Sanitary sewer. A sewer that carries sewage and excludes
storm, surface and ground water.
Storm sewer. A sewer that conveys rainwater, surface
water, subsurface water and similar liquid wastes.
SLOPE. The fall (pitch) of a line of pipe in reference to a hori-
zontal plane. In drainage, the slope is expressed as the fall in
units vertical per units horizontal (percent) for a length of pipe.
SOIL PIPE. A pipe that conveys sewage containing fecal mat-
ter to the building drain or building sewer.
SPILLPROOF VACUUM BREAKER. An assembly con-
sisting of one check valve force-loaded closed and an air-inlet
vent valve force-loaded open to atmosphere, positioned down-
stream of the check valve, and located between and including
two tightly closing shutoff valves and a test cock.
STACK. A general term for any vertical line of soil, waste, vent
or inside conductor piping that extends through at least one
story with or without offsets.
STACK VENT. The extension of a soil or waste stack above
the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.
STACK VENTING. A method of venting a fixture or fixtures
through the soil or waste stack.
STERILIZER
Boiling type. A boiling-type sterilizer is a fixture of a
nonpressure type utilized for boiling instruments, utensils
or other equipment for disinfection. These devices are por-
table or are connected to the plumbing system.
Instrument. A device for the sterilization of various instru-
ments.
Pressure (autoclave). A pressure vessel fixture designed to
utilize steam under pressure for sterilizing.
Pressure instrument washer sterilizer. A pressure instru-
ment washer sterilizer is a pressure vessel fixture designed
to both wash and sterilize instruments during the operating
cycle of the fixture.
Utensil. A device for the sterilization of utensils as utilized
in health care services.
Water. A water sterilizer is a device for sterilizing water and
storing sterile water.
STERILIZER VENT. A separate pipe or stack, indirectly
connected to the building drainage system at the lower termi-
nal, that receives the vapors from nonpressure sterilizers, or the
exhaust vapors from pressure sterilizers, and conducts the
vapors directly to the open air. Also called vapor, steam, atmo-
spheric or exhaust vent.
STORM DRAIN. See "Drainage system, storm."
STRUCTURE. That which is built or constructed or a portion
thereof.
SUBSOIL DRAIN. A drain that collects subsurface water or
seepage water and conveys such water to a place of disposal.
SUMP. A tank or pit that receives sewage or liquid waste,
located below the normal grade of the gravity system and that
must be emptied by mechanical means.
SUMP PUMP. An automatic water pump powered by an elec-
tric motor for the removal of drainage, except raw sewage, from
a sump, pit or low point.
SUMP VENT. A vent from pneumatic sewage ejectors, or sim-
ilar equipment, that terminates separately to the open air.
SUPPORTS. Devices for supporting and securing pipe, fix-
tures and equipment.
SWIMMING POOL. Any structure, basin, chamber or tank
containing an artificial body of water for swimming, diving or
recreational bathing having a depth of 2 feet (610 mm) or more
at any point.
TEMPERED WATER. Water having a temperature range
between 85°F (29°C) and 110°F (43°C).
14
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
DEFINITIONS
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION AGENCY. An
approved agency operating a product or material certification
sytem that incorporates initial product testing, assessment and
surveillance of a manufacturer's quality control system.
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFIED. Certification obtained by the
manufacturer indicating that the function and performance
characteristics of a product or material have been determined
by testing and ongoing surveillance by an approved third-party
certification agency. Assertion of certification is in the form of
identification in accordance with the requirements of the
third-party certification agency.
THIRD-PARTY TESTED. Procedure by which an approved
testing laboratory provides documentation that a product,
material or system conforms to specified requirements.
TRAP. A fitting or device that provides a liquid seal to prevent
the emission of sewer gases without materially affecting the
flow of sewage or wastewater through the trap.
TRAP SEAL. The vertical distance between the weir and the
top of the dip of the trap. ,
UNSTABLE GROUND. Earth that does not provide a uni-
form bearing for the barrel of the sewer pipe between the joints
at the bottom of the pipe trench.
VACUUM. Any pressure less than that exerted by the atmo-
sphere.
VACUUM BREAKER. A type of backflow preventer
installed on openings subject to normal atmospheric pressure
that prevents backflow by admitting atmospheric pressure
through ports to the discharge side of the device.
VENT PIPE. See "Vent system."
VENT STACK. A vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the
purpose of providing circulation of air to and from any part of
the drainage system.
VENT SYSTEM. A pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow of
air to or from a drainage system, or to provide a circulation of
air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage and
backpressure.
VERTICAL PIPE. Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle of
45 degrees (0.79 rad) or more with the horizontal.
WALL-HUNG WATER CLOSET. A wall-mounted water
closet installed in such a way that the fixture does not touch the
floor.
WASTE. The discharge from any fixture, appliance, area or
appurtenance that does not contain fecal matter.
WASTE PIPE. A pipe that conveys only waste.
WATER-HAMMER ARRESTOR. A device utilized to
absorb the pressure surge (water hammer) that occurs when
water flow is suddenly stopped in a water supply system.
WATER HEATER. Any heating appliance or equipment that
heats potable water and supplies such water to the potable hot
water distribution system.
WATER MAIN. A water supply pipe or system of pipes,
installed and maintained by a city, township, county, public
utility company or other public entity, on public property, in the
street or in an approved dedicated easement of public or com-
munity use.
WATER OUTLET. A discharge opening through which water
is supplied to a fixture, into the atmosphere (except into an
open tank that is part of the water supply system), to a boiler or
heating system, or to any devices or equipment requiring water
to operate but which are not part of the plumbing system.
WATER PIPE
Riser. A water supply pipe that extends one full story or
more to convey water to branches or to a group of fixtures.
Water distribution pipe. A pipe within the structure or on
the premises that conveys water from the water service pipe,
or from the meter when the meter is at the structure, to the
points of utilization.
Water service pipe. The pipe from the water main or other
source of potable water supply, or from the meter when the
meter is at the public right of way, to the water distribution
system of the building served.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM. The water service pipe, water
distribution pipes, and the necessary connecting pipes, fittings,
control valves and all appurtenances in or adjacent to the struc-
ture or premises.
WELL
Bored. A well constructed by boring a hole in the ground
with an auger and installing a casing.
Drilled. A well constructed by making a hole in the ground
with a drilling machine of any type and installing casing and
screen.
Driven. A well constructed by driving a pipe in the ground.
The drive pipe is usually fitted with a well point and screen.
Dug. A well constructed by excavating a large-diameter
shaft and installing a casing.
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUB. A plumbing appliance consist-
ing of a bathtub fixture that is equipped and fitted with a circu-
lating piping system designed to accept, circulate and
discharge bathtub water upon each use.
YOKE VENT. A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste
stack to a vent stack for the purpose of preventing pressure
changes in the stacks.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
15
1 6 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 3
GENERAL REGULATIONS
SECTION 301
GENERAL
301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
general regulations regarding the installation of plumbing not
specific to other chapters.
301.2 System installation. Plumbing shall be installed with
due regard to preservation of the strength of structural mem-
bers and prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces thr-
ough fixture usage.
301.3 Connections to the sanitary drainage system. All
plumbing fixtures, drains, appurtenances and appliances used
to receive or discharge liquid wastes or sewage shall be directly
connected to the sanitary drainage system of the building or
premises, in accordance with the requirements of this code.
This section shall not be construed to prevent the indirect waste
systems required by Chapter 8.
301.4 Connections to water supply. Every plumbing fixture,
device or appliance requiring or using water for its proper oper-
ation shall be directly or indirectly connected to the water sup-
ply system in accordance with the provisions of this code.
301.5 Pipe, tube and fitting sizes. Unless otherwise specified,
the pipe, tube and fitting sizes specified in this code are
expressed in nominal or standard sizes as designated in the ref-
erenced material standards.
301.6 Prohibited locations. Plumbing systems shall not be
located in an elevator shaft or in an elevator equipment room.
Exception: Floor drains, sumps and sump pumps shall be
permitted at the base of the shaft provided they are indirectly
connected to the plumbing system.
301.7 Conflicts. Where conflicts between this code and the
conditions of the listing or the manufacturer's installation
instructions occur, the provisions of this code apply.
Exception: Where a code provision is less restrictive than
the conditions of the listing of the equipment or appliance or
the manufacturer's installation instructions, the conditions
of the listing and manufacturer's installation instructions
shall apply.
SECTION 302
EXCLUSION OF MATERIALS DETRIMENTAL
TO THE SEWER SYSTEM
302.1 Detrimental or dangerous materials. Ashes, cinders or
rags; flammable, poisonous or explosive liquids or gases; oil,
grease or any other insoluble material capable of obstructing,
damaging or overloading the building drainage or sewer sys-
tem, or capable of interfering with the normal operation of the
sewage treatment processes, shall not be deposited, by any
means, into such systems.
302.2 Industrial wastes. Waste products from manufacturing
or industrial operations shall not be introduced into the public
sewer until it has been determined by the code official or other
authority having jurisdiction that the introduction thereof will
not damage the public sewer system or interfere with the func-
tioning of the sewage treatment plant.
SECTION 303
MATERIALS
303.1 Identification. Each length of pipe and each pipe fitting,
trap, fixture, material and device utilized in a plumbing system
shall bear the identification of the manufacturer.
303.2 Installation of materials. All materials used shall be
installed in strict accordance with the standards under which
the materials are accepted and approved. In the absence of such
installation procedures, the manufacturer's installation instruc-
tions shall be followed. Where the requirements of referenced
standards or manufacturer's installation instructions do not
conform to minimum provisions of this code, the provisions of
this code shall apply.
303.3 Plastic pipe, fittings and components. All plastic pipe,
fittings and components shall be third-party certified as con-
forming to NSF 14.
303.4 Third-party testing and certification. All plumbing
products and materials shall comply with the referenced stan-
dards, specifications and performance criteria of this code and
shall be identified in accordance with Section 303.1. When
required by Table 303.4, plumbing products and materials shall
either be tested by an approved third-party testing agency or
certified by an approved third-party certification agency.
SECTION 304
RODENTPROOFING
304.1 General. Plumbing systems shall be designed and
installed in accordance with Sections 304.2 through 304.4 to
prevent rodents from entering structures.
304.2 Strainer plates. All strainer plates on drain inlets shall
be designed and installed so that all openings are not greater
than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in least dimension.
304.3 Meter boxes. Meter boxes shall be constructed in such a
manner that rodents are prevented from entering a structure by
way of the water service pipes connecting the meter box and
the structure.
304.4 Openings for pipes. In or on structures where openings
have been made in walls, floors or ceilings for the passage of
pipes, such openings shall be closed and protected by the
installation of approved metal collars that are securely fastened
to the adjoining structure.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
17
GENERAL REGULATIONS
TABLE 303.4
PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS REQUIRING THIRD-PARTY TESTING AND THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION
PRODUCT OR MATERIAL
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFIED
THIRD-PARTY TESTED
Potable water supply system components and potable
water fixture fittings
Required
—
Sanitary drainage and vent system components
Plastic pipe, fittings and pipe-related components
All others
Waste fixture fittings
Plastic pipe, fittings and pipe-related components
All others
Storm drainage system components
Plastic pipe, fittings and pipe-related components
All others
Plumbing fixtures
—
Required
Plumbing appliances
Required
—
Backflow prevention devices
Required
—
Water distribution system safety devices
Required
—
Special waste system components
—
Required
Subsoil drainage system components
—
Required
SECTION 305
PROTECTION OF PIPES AND
PLUMBING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
305.1 Corrosion. Pipes passing through concrete or cinder
walls and floors or other corrosive material shall be protected
against external corrosion by a protective sheathing or wrap-
ping or other means that will withstand any reaction from the
lime and acid of concrete, cinder or other corrosive material.
Sheathing or wrapping shall allow for expansion and contrac-
tion of piping to prevent any rubbing action. Minimum wall
thickness of material shall be 0.025 inch (0.64 mm).
305.2 Breakage. Pipes passing through or under walls shall be
protected from breakage.
305.3 Stress and strain. Piping in a plumbing system shall be
installed so as to prevent strains and stresses that exceed the
structural strength of the pipe. Where necessary, provisions
shall be made to protect piping from damage resulting from
expansion, contraction and structural settlement.
305.4 Sleeves. Annular spaces between sleeves and pipes shall
be filled or tightly caulked in an approved manner. Annular
spaces between sleeves and pipes in fire-resistance-rated
assemblies shall be filled or tightly caulked in accordance with
the International Building Code.
305.5 Pipes through or under footings or foundation walls.
Any pipe that passes under a footing or through a foundation
wall shall be provided with a relieving arch, or a pipe sleeve
pipe shall be built into the foundation wall. The sleeve shall be
two pipe sizes greater than the pipe passing through the wall.
305.6 Freezing. Water, soil and waste pipes shall not be
installed outside of a building, in attics or crawl spaces, con-
cealed in outside walls, or in any other place subjected to freez-
ing temperature unless adequate provision is made to protect
such pipes from freezing by insulation or heat or both. Exterior
water supply system piping shall be installed not less than 6
inches (152 mm) below the frost line and not less than 12
inches (305 mm) below grade.
305.6.1 Sewer depth. Building sewers that connect to pri-
vate sewage disposal systems shall be a minimum of [NUM-
BER] inches (mm) below finished grade at the point of septic
tank connection. Building sewers shall be a minimum of
[NUMBER] inches (mm) below grade.
305.7 Waterproofing of openings. Joints at the roof and
around vent pipes, shall be made water tight by the use of lead,
copper, galvanized steel, aluminum, plastic or other approved
flashings or flashing material. Exterior wall openings shall be
made water tight.
305.8 Protection against physical damage. In concealed
locations where piping, other than cast-iron or galvanized steel,
is installed through holes or notches in studs, joists, rafters or
similar members less than 1.5 inches (38 mm) from the nearest
edge of the member, the pipe shall be protected by shield plates .
Protective shield plates shall be a minimum of
0.062-inch-thick (1.6 mm) steel, shall cover the area of the pipe
where the member is notched or bored, and shall extend a mini-
mum of 2 inches (51 mm) above sole plates and below top
plates.
305.9 Protection of components of plumbing system. Com-
ponents of a plumbing system installed along alleyways, drive-
ways, parking garages or other locations exposed to damage
shall be recessed into the wall or otherwise protected in an
approved manner.
SECTION 306
TRENCHING, EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL
306.1 Support of piping. Buried piping shall be supported
throughout its entire length.
306.2 Trenching and bedding. Where trenches are excavated
such that the bottom of the trench forms the bed for the pipe,
solid and continuous load-bearing support shall be provided
between joints. Bell holes, hub holes and coupling holes shall
be provided at points where the pipe is joined. Such pipe shall
not be supported on blocks to grade. In instances where the
18
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE'
GENERAL REGULATIONS
materials manufacturer's installation instructions are more
restrictive than those prescribed by the code, the material shall
be installed in accordance with the more restrictive require-
ment.
306.2.1 Overexcavation. Where trenches are excavated
below the installation level of the pipe such that the bottom
of the trench does not form the bed for the pipe, the trench
shall be backfilled to the installation level of the bottom of
the pipe with sand or fine gravel placed in layers of 6 inches
(152 mm) maximum depth and such backfill shall be com-
pacted after each placement.
306.2.2 Rock removal. Where rock is encountered in
trenching, the rock shall be removed to a minimum of 3
inches (76 mm) below the installation level of the bottom of
the pipe, and the trench shall be backfilled to the installation
level of the bottom of the pipe with sand tamped in place so
as to provide uniform load-bearing support for the pipe
between joints. The pipe, including the joints, shall not rest
on rock at any point.
306.2.3 Soft load-bearing materials. If soft materials of
poor load-bearing quality are found at the bottom of the
trench, stabilization shall be achieved by overexcavating a
minimum of two pipe diameters and backfilling to the
installation level of the bottom of the pipe with fine gravel,
crushed stone or a concrete foundation. The concrete foun-
dation shall be bedded with sand tamped into place so as to
provide uniform load-bearing support for the pipe between
joints.
306.3 Backfilling. Backfill shall be free from discarded con-
struction material and debris. Loose earth free from rocks, bro-
ken concrete and frozen chunks shall be placed in the trench in
6-inch (152 mm) layers and tamped in place until the crown of
the pipe is covered by 12 inches (305 mm) of tamped earth. The
backfill under and beside the pipe shall be compacted for pipe
support. Backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the
pipe so that the pipe remains aligned. In instances where the
manufacturer's installation instructions for materials are more
restrictive than those prescribed by the code, the material shall
be installed in accordance with the more restrictive require-
ment.
306.4 Tunneling. Where pipe is to be installed by tunneling,
jacking or a combination of both, the pipe shall be protected
from damage during installation and from subsequent uneven
loading. Where earth tunnels are used, adequate supporting
structures shall be provided to prevent future settling or caving.
SECTION 307
STRUCTURAL SAFETY
307.1 General. In the process of installing or repairing any part
of a plumbing and drainage installation, the finished floors,
walls, ceilings, tile work or any other part of the building or pre-
mises that must be changed or replaced shall be left in a safe
structural condition in accordance with the requirements of the
International Building Code.
307.2 Cutting, notching or bored holes. A framing member
shall not be cut, notched or bored in excess of limitations speci-
fied in the International Building Code.
307.3 Penetrations of floor/ceiling assemblies and
fire-resistance-rated assemblies. Penetrations of floor/ceil-
ing assemblies and assemblies required to have a fire-resis-
tance rating shall be protected in accordance with the
International Building Code.
[B] 307.4 Alterations to trusses. Truss members and compo-
nents shall not be cut, drilled, notched, spliced or otherwise
altered in any way without written concurrence and approval of
a registered design professional. Alterations resulting in the
addition of loads to any member (e.g., HVAC equipment, water
heater) shall not be permitted without verification that the truss
is capable of supporting such additional loading.
307.5 Trench location. Trenches installed parallel to footings
shall not extend below the 45 -degree (0.79 rad) bearing plane
of the footing or wall.
307.6 Piping materials exposed within plenums. All piping
materials exposed within plenums shall comply with the provi-
sions of the International Mechanical Code.
SECTION 308
PIPING SUPPORT
308.1 General. All plumbing piping shall be supported in
accordance with this section.
308.2 Piping seismic supports. Where earthquake loads are
applicable in accordance with the building code, plumbing pip-
ing supports shall be designed and installed for the seismic
forces in accordance with the International Building Code.
308.3 Materials. Hangers, anchors and supports shall support
the piping and the contents of the piping. Hangers and strap-
ping material shall be of approved material that will not pro-
mote galvanic action.
308.4 Structural attachment. Hangers and anchors shall be
attached to the building construction in an approved manner.
308.5 Interval of support. Pipe shall be supported in accor-
dance with Table 308.5.
Exception: The interval of support for piping systems
designed to provide for expansion/contraction shall con-
form to the engineered design in accordance with Section
105.4.
308.6 Sway bracing. Rigid support sway bracing shall be pro-
vided at changes in direction greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad)
for pipe sizes 4 inches (102 mm) and larger.
308.7 Anchorage. Anchorage shall be provided to restrain
drainage piping from axial movement.
308.7.1 Location. For pipe sizes greater than 4 inches (102
mm), restraints shall be provided for drain pipes at all
changes in direction and at all changes in diameter greater
than two pipe sizes. Braces, blocks, rodding and other suit-
able methods as specified by the coupling manufacturer
shall be utilized.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
19
GENERAL REGULATIONS
TABLE 308.5
HANGER SPACING
PIPING MATERIAL
MAXIMUM
HORIZONTAL
SPACING (feet)
MAXIMUM
VERTICAL
SPACING
(feet)
ABS pipe
4
10 b
Aluminum tubing
10
15
Brass pipe
10
10
Cast-iron pipe
5 a
15
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
12
10
Copper or copper-alloy tubing,
1 V 4 -inch diameter and smaller
6
10
Copper or copper-alloy tubing,
1 V 2 -inch diameter and larger
10
10
Cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX) pipe
2.67
(32 inches)
10 b
Cross-linked polyethylene/
aluminum/cross-linked
polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX)
pipe
2.67
(32 inches)
4 b
CPVC pipe or tubing, 1 inch
and smaller
3
10 b
CPVC pipe or tubing, 1V 4 inches
and larger
4
10 b
Steel pipe
12
15
Lead pipe
Continuous
4
PB pipe or tubing
2.67
(32 inches)
4
Polyethylene/aluminum/
polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) pipe
2.67
(32 inches)
4 b
Polypropylene (PP) pipe or
tubing 1 inch and smaller
2.67 (32 inches)
10 b
Polypropylene (PP) pipe or
tubing, 1 V 4 inches and larger
4
10 b
PVC pipe
4
10 b
Stainless steel drainage systems
10
10 b
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
a. The maximum horizontal spacing of cast-iron pipe hangers shall be
increased to 10 feet where 10-foot lengths of pipe are installed.
b. Midstory guide for sizes 2 inches and smaller.
308.8 Expansion joint fittings. Expansion joint fittings shall
be used only where necessary to provide for expansion and
contraction of the pipes. Expansion joint fittings shall be of the
typical material suitable for use with the type of piping in
which such fittings are installed.
308.9 Parallel water distribution systems. Piping bundles for
manifold systems shall be supported in accordance with Table
308.5. Support at changes in direction shall be in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Hot and cold
water piping shall not be grouped in the same bundle.
SECTION 309
FLOOD HAZARD RESISTANCE
309.1 General. Plumbing systems and equipment in structures
erected in flood hazard areas shall be constructed in accordance
with the requirements of this section and the International
Building Code.
[B] 309.2 Flood hazard. For structures located in flood hazard
areas, the following systems and equipment shall be located at
or above the design flood elevation.
Exception: The following systems are permitted to be
located below the design flood elevation provided that the
systems are designed and installed to prevent water from
entering or accumulating within their components and the
systems are constructed to resist hydrostatic and hydrody-
namic loads and stresses, including the effects of buoyancy,
during the occurrence of flooding to the design flood eleva-
tion.
1. All water service pipes.
2. Pump seals in individual water supply systems where
the pump is located below the design flood elevation.
3. Covers on potable water wells shall be sealed, except
where the top of the casing well or pipe sleeve is ele-
vated to at least 1 foot (305 mm) above the design
flood elevation.
4. All sanitary drainage piping.
5. All storm drainage piping.
6. Manhole covers shall be sealed, except where ele-
vated to or above the design flood elevation.
7. All other plumbing fixtures, faucets, fixture fittings,
piping systems and equipment.
8. Water heaters.
9. Vents and vent systems.
[B] 309.3 Flood hazard areas subject to high- velocity wave
action. Structures located in flood hazard areas subject to
high- velocity wave action shall meet the requirements of Sec-
tion 309.2. The plumbing systems, pipes and fixtures shall not
be mounted on or penetrate through walls intended to break
away under flood loads.
SECTION 310
WASHROOM AND TOILET ROOM REQUIREMENTS
310.1 Light and ventilation. Washrooms and toilet rooms
shall be illuminated and ventilated in accordance with the
International Building Code and International Mechanical
Code.
310.2 Location of fixtures and piping. Piping, fixtures or
equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to interfere
with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of
egress openings.
20
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE'
GENERAL REGULATIONS
310.3 Interior finish. Interior finish surfaces of toilet rooms
shall comply with the International Building Code.
310.4 Water closet compartment. Each water closet utilized
by the public or employees shall occupy a separate compart-
ment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures
to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1. Water closet compartments shall not be required in a
single-occupant toilet room with a lockable door.
2. Toilet rooms located in day care and child-care facili-
ties and containing two or more water closets shall be
permitted to have one water closet without an enclos-
ing compartment.
310.5 Urinal partitions. Each urinal utilized by the public or
employees shall occupy a separate area with walls or partitions
to provide privacy. The construction of such walls or partitions
shall incorporate waterproof, smooth, readily cleanable and
nonabsorbent finish surfaces. The walls or partitions shall
begin at a height not more than 12 inches (305 mm) from and
extend not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished
floor surface. The walls or partitions shall extend from the wall
surface at each side of the urinal a minimum of 18 inches (457
mm) or to a point not less than 6 inches (152 mm) beyond the
outermost front lip of the urinal measured from the finished
back wall surface, whichever is greater.
Exceptions:
1 . Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occu-
pant or unisex toilet room with a lockable door.
2. Toilet rooms located in day care and child care facili-
ties and containing two or more urinals shall be per-
mitted to have one urinal without partitions.
SECTION 311
TOILET FACILITIES FOR WORKERS
311.1 General. Toilet facilities shall be provided for construc-
tion workers and such facilities shall be maintained in a sani-
tary condition. Construction worker toilet facilities of the
nonsewer type shall conform to ANSI Z4.3.
SECTION 312
TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
312.1 Required tests. The permit holder shall make the appli-
cable tests prescribed in Sections 312.2 through 312.9 to deter-
mine compliance with the provisions of this code. The permit
holder shall give reasonable advance notice to the code official
when the plumbing work is ready for tests. The equipment,
material, power and labor necessary for the inspection and test
shall be furnished by the permit holder and the permit holder
shall be responsible for determining that the work will with-
stand the test pressure prescribed in the following tests. All
plumbing system piping shall be tested with either water or, for
piping systems other than plastic, by air. After the plumbing
fixtures have been set and their traps filled with water, the entire
drainage system shall be submitted to final tests. The code offi-
cial shall require the removal of any cleanouts if necessary to
ascertain whether the pressure has reached all parts of the sys-
tem.
312.1.1 Test gauges. Gauges used for testing shall be as fol-
lows:
1. Tests requiring a pressure of 10 pounds per square
inch (psi) (69 kPa) or less shall utilize a testing gauge
having increments of 0.10 psi (0.69 kPa) or less.
2. Tests requiring a pressure of greater than 10 psi (69
kPa) but less than or equal to 100 psi (689 kPa) shall
utilize a testing gauge having increments of 1 psi (6.9
kPa) or less.
3 . Tests requiring a pressure of greater than 1 00 psi (689
kPa) shall utilize a testing gauge having increments of
2 psi (14 kPa) or less.
312.2 Drainage and vent water test. A water test shall be
applied to the drainage system either in its entirety or in sec-
tions. If applied to the entire system, all openings in the piping
shall be tightly closed, except the highest opening, and the sys-
tem shall be filled with water to the point of overflow. If the sys-
tem is tested in sections, each opening shall be tightly plugged
except the highest openings of the section under test, and each
section shall be filled with water, but no section shall be tested
with less than a 10-foot (3048 mm) head of water. In testing
successive sections, at least the upper 10 feet (3048 mm) of the
next preceding section shall be tested so that no joint or pipe in
the building, except the uppermost 10 feet (3048 mm) of the
system, shall have been submitted to a test of less than a 10-foot
(3048 mm) head of water. This pressure shall be held for at least
15 minutes. The system shall then be tight at all points.
312.3 Drainage and vent air test. An air test shall be made by
forcing air into the system until there is a uniform gauge pres-
sure of 5 psi (34.5 kPa) or sufficient to balance a 10-inch (254
mm) column of mercury. This pressure shall be held for a test
period of at least 15 minutes. Any adjustments to the test pres-
sure required because of changes in ambient temperature or the
seating of gaskets shall be made prior to the beginning of the
test period.
312.4 Drainage and vent final test. The final test of the com-
pleted drainage and vent system shall be visual and insufficient
detail to determine compliance with the provisions of this code
except that the plumbing shall be subjected to a smoke test
where necessary for cause. Where the smoke test is utilized, it
shall be made by filling all traps with water and then introduc-
ing into the entire system a pungent, thick smoke produced by
one or more smoke machines. When the smoke appears at stack
openings on the roof, the stack openings shall be closed and a
pressure equivalent to a 1-inch water column (248.8 Pa) shall
be held for a test period of not less than 15 minutes.
312.5 Water supply system test. Upon completion of a sec-
tion of or the entire water supply system, the system, or portion
completed shall be tested and proved tight under a water pres-
sure not less than the working pressure of the system; or, for
piping systems other than plastic, by an air test of not less than
50 psi (344 kPa). This pressure shall be held for at least 1 5 min- I
utes. The water utilized for tests shall be obtained from a pota- |
ble source of supply. The required tests shall be performed in
accordance with this section and Section 107.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
21
GENERAL REGULATIONS
312.6 Gravity sewer test. Gravity sewer tests shall consist of
plugging the end of the building sewer at the point of connec-
tion with the public sewer, filling the building sewer with water,
testing with not less than a 10-foot (3048 mm) head of water
and maintaining such pressure for 15 minutes.
312.7 Forced sewer test. Forced sewer tests shall consist of
plugging the end of the building sewer at the point of connec-
tion with the public sewer and applying a pressure of 5 psi (34.5
kPa) greater than the pump rating, and maintaining such pres-
sure for 15 minutes.
312.8 Storm drainage system test. Storm drain systems
within a building shall be tested by water or air in accordance
with Section 312.2 or 312.3.
312.9 Inspection and testing of backflow prevention assem-
blies. Inspection and testing shall comply with Sections
312.9.1 and 312.9.2.
312.9.1 Inspections. Annual inspections shall be made of
all backflow prevention assemblies and air gaps to deter-
mine whether they are operable.
312.9.2 Testing. Reduced pressure principle backflow
preventer assemblies, double check- valve assemblies, pres-
sure vacuum breaker assemblies, reduced pressure detector
fire protection backflow prevention assemblies, double
check detector fire protection backflow prevention assem-
blies, hose connection backflow preventers, and spill-proof
vacuum breakers shall be tested at the time of installation,
immediately after repairs or relocation and at least annually.
The testing procedure shall be performed in accordance
with one of the following standards:
ASSE 5013, ASSE 5015, ASSE 5020, ASSE 5047,
ASSE 5048, ASSE 5052, ASSE 5056, CSA B64. 10 or CSA
B64.10.1.
SECTION 313
EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCIES
313.1 General. Equipment efficiencies shall be in accordance
with the International Energy Conservation Code.
SECTION 314
CONDENSATE DISPOSAL
[M] 314.1 Fuel-burning appliances. Liquid combustion
byproducts of condensing appliances shall be collected and
discharged to an approved plumbing fixture or disposal area in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
Condensate piping shall be of approved corrosion-resistant
material and shall not be smaller than the drain connection on
the appliance. Such piping shall maintain a minimum horizon-
tal slope in the direction of discharge of not less than
one-eighth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1 -percent
slope).
[M] 314.2 Evaporators and cooling coils. Condensate drain
systems shall be provided for equipment and appliances con-
taining evaporators or cooling coils. Condensate drain systems
shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with
Sections 314.2.1 through 314.2.4.
[M] 314.2.1 Condensate disposal. Condensate from all
cooling coils and evaporators shall be conveyed from the
drain pan outlet to an approved place of disposal. Conden-
sate shall not discharge into a street, alley or other areas so as
to cause a nuisance.
[M] 314.2.2 Drain pipe materials and sizes. Components
of the condensate disposal system shall be cast iron, galva-
nized steel, copper, cross-linked polyethylene, polybutylene,
polyethylene, ABS, CPVC, or PVC pipe or tubing. All com-
ponents shall be selected for the pressure and temperature rat-
ing of the installation. Condensate waste and drain line size
shall not be less than 3 / 4 -inch (19 mm) internal diameter and
shall not decrease in size from the drain pan connection to the
place of condensate disposal. Where the drain pipes from
more than one unit are manifolded together for condensate
drainage, the pipe or tubing shall be sized in accordance with
an approved method. All horizontal sections of drain piping
shall be installed in uniform alignment at a uniform slope.
[M] 314.2.3 Auxiliary and secondary drain systems. In
addition to the requirements of Section 314.2. 1 , a secondary
drain or auxiliary drain pan shall be required for each cool-
ing or evaporator coil or fuel-fired appliance that produces
condensate, where damage to any building components will
occur as a result of overflow from the equipment drain pan
or stoppage in the condensate drain piping. One of the fol-
lowing methods shall be used:
1. An auxiliary drain pan with a separate drain shall be
provided under the coils on which condensation will
occur. The auxiliary pan drain shall discharge to a
conspicuous point of disposal to alert occupants in the
event of a stoppage of the primary drain. The pan shall
have a minimum depth of 1.5 inches (38 mm), shall
not be less than 3 inches (76 mm) larger than the unit
or the coil dimensions in width and length and shall be
constructed of corrosion-resistant material. Metallic
pans shall have a minimum thickness of not less than
0.0276-inch (0.7 mm) galvanized sheet metal. Non-
metallic pans shall have a minimum thickness of not
less than 0.0625 inch (1.6 mm).
2. A separate overflow drain line shall be connected to
the drain pan provided with the equipment. The over-
flow drain shall discharge to a conspicuous point of
disposal to alert occupants in the event of a stoppage
of the primary drain. The overflow drain line shall
connect to the drain pan at a higher level than the pri-
mary drain connection.
3. An auxiliary drain pan without a separate drain line
shall be provided under the coils on which condensate
will occur. The pan shall be equipped with a
water-level detection device conforming to UL 508 I
that will shut off the equipment served prior to over-
flow of the pan. The auxiliary drain pan shall be con-
structed in accordance with Item 1 of this section.
4. A water level detection device conforming to UL 508
shall be provided that will shut off the equipment
served in the event that the primary drain is blocked.
The device shall be installed in the primary drain line,
the overflow drain line or in the equipment-supplied
r
22
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
GENERAL REGULATIONS
drain pan located at a point higher than the primary
drain line connection and below the overflow rim of
such pan.
Exception: Fuel-fired appliances that automati-
cally shut down operation in the event of a stop-
page in the condensate drainage system.
[M] 314.2.3.1 Water level monitoring devices. On
downflow units and all other coils that have no secondary
drain and no means to install an auxiliary drain pan, a
water level monitoring device shall be installed inside the
primary drain pan. This device shall shut off the equip-
ment served in the event that the primary drain becomes
restricted. Externally installed devices and devices
installed in the drain line shall not be permitted.
[M] 314.2.4 Traps. Condensate drains shall be trapped as
required by the equipment or appliance manufacturer.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 23
24 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 4
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the materials, design
and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture fit-
tings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall pro-
vide for the minimum number of fixtures for various types of
occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections. Water closets
having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or having
walls that are not thoroughly washed at each discharge in
accordance with ASME Al 12.19.2M shall be prohibited. Any
water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl
back into the tank shall be prohibited. Trough urinals shall be
prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation. The maximum water flow rates
and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings
shall comply with Section 604.4.
SECTION 402
FIXTURE MATERIALS
402.1 Quality of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be con-
structed of approved materials, with smooth, impervious sur-
faces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and
shall conform to standards cited in this code. All porcelain
enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures. Materials for specialty
fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of stainless
steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be
lined with lead, copper-base alloy, nickel-copper alloy, corro-
sion-resistant steel or other material especially suited to the
application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper. Sheet copper for general applications
shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less than 12
ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m 2 ).
402.4 Sheet lead. Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than
4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m 2 ) coated with an asphalt
paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall
be provided for the type of occupancy and in the minimum
number shown in Table 403. 1 . Types of occupancies not shown
in Table 403 . 1 shall be considered individually by the code offi-
cial. The number of occupants shall be determined by the Inter-
national Building Code. Occupancy classification shall be
determined in accordance with the International Building
Code.
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES 8
(See Sections 403.2 and 403.3)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS (URINALS
SEE SECTION 419.2)-
LAVATORIES
BATHTUBS/
SHOWERS
DRINKING
FOUNTAIN
(SEE
SECTION
410.1)
OTHER
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly (see
Sections 403.2,
403.4 and
403.4.1)
A-l d
Theaters and other
buildings for the
performing arts and
motion pictures
1 per 125
1 per 65
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service
sink
A-2 d
Nightclubs, bars, tav-
erns, dance halls and
buildings for similar
purposes
1 per 40
1 per 40
1 per 75
—
1 per 500
1 service
sink
Restaurants, banquet
halls and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service
sink
A-3 d
Auditoriums without
permanent seating,
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums,
lecture halls, librar-
ies, arcades and gym-
nasiums
1 per 125
1 per 65
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service
sink
Passenger terminals
and transportation
facilities
1 per 500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service
sink
Places of worship
and other religious
services.
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service
sink
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
(continued)
25
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
TABLE 403.1— continued
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES 8
See Sections
403.2 and 403.3)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS SEE SECTION
419.2)
LAVATORIES
BATHTUBS/
SHOWERS
DRINKING
FOUNTAIN
(SEE
SECTION
410.1)
OTHER
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
A-4
Coliseums, arenas,
skating rinks,
pools and tennis
courts for indoor
sporting events and
activities
1 per 75 for
the first 1,500
and 1 per 120
for the remain-
der exceeding
1,500
1 per 40 for
the first 1,500
and 1 per 60
for the
remainder
exceeding
1,500
1 per 200
1 per 150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service
sink
A-5
Stadiums,
amusement parks,
bleachers and
grandstands for
outdoor sporting
events and
activities
1 per 75 for
the first 1,500
and 1 per 120
for the
remainder
exceeding
1,500
1 per 40 for
the first 1,500
and 1 per 60
for the
remainder
exceeding
1,500
1 per 200
1 per 150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service
sink
I
2
Business (see
Sections 403.2,
403.4 and
403.4.1)
B
Buildings for the
transaction of
business,
professional
services, other
services involving
merchandise,
office buildings,
banks, light
industrial and
similar uses
1 per 25 for the first 50 and 1
per 50 for the remainder
exceeding 50
1 per 40 for the first 80
and 1 per 80 for the
remainder exceeding 80
—
1 per 100
1 service
sink
3
Educational
E
Educational
facilities
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F-landF-2
Structures in
which occupants
are engaged in
work fabricating,
assembly or
processing of
products or
materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service
sink
5
Institutional
1-1
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
lper8
1 per 100
1 service
sink
1-2
Hospitals,
ambulatory nursing
home patients b
1 per room c
1 per room c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service
sink per
floor
Employees, other
than residential
care b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than
residential care
1 per 75
1 per 100
—
1 per 500
—
1-3
Prisons b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service
sink
1-3
Reformitories,
detention centers,
and correctional
centers' 5
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service
sink
I
1-4
Adult day care and
child care
1 per 15
—
—
1 per 100
1 service
sink
(continued)
26
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE"
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
TABLE 403.1— continued
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES 8
(See Sections 403.2 and 403.3)
WATER CLOSETS
DRINKING
(URINALS SEE SECTION
FOUNTAIN
419.2)
LAVATORIES
(SEE
BATHTUBS/
SECTION
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
DESCRIPTION
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
SHOWERS
410.1)
OTHER
6
Mercantile (see
Sections 403.2,
Retail stores,
service stations,
1 service
sink
403.4,403.4.1 and
M
shops, salesrooms,
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
403.4.2)
markets and
shopping centers
7
Residential
R-l
Hotels, motels,
boarding houses
(transient)
1 per sleeping unit
1 per sleeping unit
1 per
sleeping unit
—
1 service
sink
Dormitories,
fraternities,
1 service
sink
R-2
sororities and
1 per 10
1 per 10
lper8
1 per 100
boarding houses
(not transient)
1 kitchen
sink per
dwelling
unit; 1
1 per
automatic
R-2
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling unit
dwelling
unit
clothes
washer
connection
per 20
dwelling
units
1 kitchen
sink per
dwelling
unit; 1
One- and
1 per
automatic
R-3
two-family
dwellings
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling unit
dwelling
unit
clothes
washer
connection
per
dwelling
unit
Residential
1 service
sink
R-4
care/assisted living
1 per 10
1 per 10
lper8
1 per 100
facilities
8
Storage (see
Sections 403.2,
Structures for the
storage of goods,
403.4 and 403.4.1)
S-l
S-2
warehouses,
storehouse and
freight depots. Low
and Moderate
Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 41 1
1 per 1,000
1 service
sink
a. The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated or any fraction of the number of persons indicated.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the International Building Code.
b. Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or patients.
c. A single-occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory serving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be permitted where such room
is provided with direct access from each patient room and with provisions for privacy.
d. The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment areas shall be included when determining the minimum number of iacilities required.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
27
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
[B] 403.1.1 Unisex toilet and bath fixtures. Fixtures
located within unisex toilet and bathing rooms complying
with Section 404 are permitted to be included in determin-
ing the minimum required number of fixtures for assembly
and mercantile occupancies.
403.2 Separate facilities. Where plumbing fixtures are
required, separate facilities shall be provided for each sex.
Exceptions:
1. Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling
units and sleeping units.
2. Separate facilities shall not be required in structures
or tenant spaces with a total occupant load, including
both employees and customers, of 15 or less.
3. Separate facilities shall not be required in mercantile
occupancies in which the maximum occupant load is
50 or less.
403.3 Number of occupants of each sex. The required water
closets, lavatories, and showers or bathtubs shall be distributed
equally between the sexes based on the percentage of each sex
anticipated in the occupant load. The occupant load shall be
composed of 50 percent of each sex, unless statistical data
approved by the code official indicate a different distribution of
the sexes.
403.4 Required public toilet facilities. Customers, patrons
and visitors shall be provided with public toilet facilities in
structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The
accessible route to public facilities shall not pass through kitch-
ens, storage rooms, closets or similar spaces. Employees shall
be provided with toilet facilities in all occupancies. Employee
toilet facilities shall be either separate or combined employee
and public toilet facilities.
403.4.1 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other
than covered malls. In occupancies other than covered
malls, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall
be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of
travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 500
feet (152 m).
Exception: The location and maximum travel distances
to required employee facilities in factory and industrial
occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this
section, provided that the location and maximum travel
distance are approved.
403.4.2 Location of toilet facilities in covered malls. In
covered mall buildings, the required public and employee
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story
above or below the space required to be provided with toilet
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not
exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 440 mm). In covered mall
buildings, the required facilities shall be based on total
square footage, and facilities shall be installed in each indi-
vidual store or in a central toilet area located in accordance
with this section. The maximum travel distance to central
toilet facilities in covered mall buildings shall be measured
from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In cov-
ered mall buildings, where employees' toilet facilities are
not provided in the individual store, the maximum travel
distance shall be measured from the employee's work area
of the store or tenant space.
403.4.3 Pay facilities. Where pay facilities are installed,
such facilities shall be in excess of the required minimum
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.5 Signage. Required public facilities shall be designated
by a legible sign for each sex. Signs shall be readily visible and
located near the entrance to each toilet facility.
SECTION 404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required. Accessible plumbing facilities and
fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the International
Building Code.
SECTION 405
INSTALLATION OF FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection. The supply lines and fittings
for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to prevent
backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning. Plumbing fixtures shall be installed
so as to afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture and the
area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting. Fixtures shall be set level and in proper align-
ment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets. A
water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set closer
than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall,
partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 30 I
inches (762 mm) center-to-center between adjacent fix- |
tures . There shall be at least a 2 1 -inch (533 mm) clearance in
front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall,
fixture or door. Water closet compartments shall not be less
than 30 inches (762 mm) wide and 60 inches (1524 mm) I
deep (see Figure 405.3.1). ■
405.3.2 Public lavatories. In employee and public toilet
rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same
room as the required water closet.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections. Connections
between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall be
made with a floor flange. The flange shall be attached to the
drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the
drain and wall-hung water closets shall be made with an
approved extension nipple or horn adaptor. The water closet
shall be bolted to the hanger with corrosion-resistant bolts or
screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elastomeric
gasket, flange-to-fixture connection complying with ASME
Al 12.4.3 or an approved setting compound. |
405.4.1 Floor flanges. Floor flanges for water closets or
similar fixtures shall not be less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm)
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic, and 0.25
inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2-inch (51 mm)
caulking depth for cast-iron or galvanized malleable iron.
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21 IN. CLEARANCE
( TUB
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
dimension or other approved arrangement so as to provide
access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures. Integral
fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured plumbing
fixtures or plumbing fixtures constructed on site, shall meet the
design requirements of ASME A112.19.2M or ASME
A112.19.3M.
-COMPARTMENT
m m Q Q
WC WC 21 IN
c
FIGURE 405.3.1
FIXTURE CLEARANCE
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1
pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead
alloy with not less than 7.75-percent antimony by weight.
Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall be
secured to the building structure with corrosion-resistant
screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures. Floor outlet fixtures
shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws or
bolts of corrosion-resistant material.
405.4.3 Securing wall-hung water closet bowls.
Wall-hung water closet bowls shall be supported by a con-
cealed metal carrier that is attached to the building structural
members so that strain is not transmitted to the closet con-
nector or any other part of the plumbing system. The carrier
shall conform to ASME Al 12.6.1M or ASME Al 12.6.2.
405.5 Water-tight joints. Joints formed where fixtures come
in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers. In mental health
centers, pipes or traps shall not be exposed, and fixtures shall
be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows. Where any fixture is provided with
an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed so that
standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain in the overflow
when the fixture is empty.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows. The overflow from any
fixture shall discharge into the drainage system on the inlet
or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: The overflow from a flush tank serving a
water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections. Slip joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric gasket and shall only be installed on the
trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with con-
cealed slip-joint connections shall be provided with an access
panel or utility space at least 12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest
SECTION 406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Approval. Domestic automatic clothes washers shall
conform to ASSE 1007.
406.2 Water connection. The water supply to an automatic
clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an air
gap installed integrally within the machine conforming to
ASSE 1007 or with the installation of a backflow preventer in
accordance with Section 608.
406.3 Waste connection. The waste from an automatic clothes
washer shall discharge through an air break into a standpipe in
accordance with Section 802.4 or into a laundry sink. The trap
and fixture drain for an automatic clothes washer standpipe
shall be a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The auto-
matic clothes washer fixture drain shall connect to a branch
drain or drainage stack a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm) in
diameter. Automatic clothes washers that discharge by gravity
shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved
trench drain.
SECTION 407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval. Bathtubs shall conform to ANSI Z124.1,
ASME A112.19.1M, ASME A112.19.4M, ASME
Al 12.19.9M, CSA B45.2, CSA B45.3 or CSA B45.5.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets. Bathtubs shall have waste out-
lets a minimum of 1.5 inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste
outlet shall be equipped with an approved stopper.
407.3 Glazing. Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure
shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of the Interna-
tional Building Code.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure. Doors within a bathtub enclosure
shall conform to ASME Al 12. 19. 15.
SECTION 408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval. Bidets shall conform to ASME Al 12. 19.2M,
ASME A112.19.9M or CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection. The water supply to a bidet shall be
protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow preventer
in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3,
608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
408.3 Bidet water temperature. The discharge water temper- I
ature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum temper- I
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FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
I ature of 1 10°F (43 °C) by a water temperature limiting device
conforming to ASSE 1070.
have a minimum outlet of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in
diameter.
SECTION 409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval. Domestic dishwashing machines shall con-
form to ASSE 1006. Commercial dishwashing machines shall
conform to ASSE 1 004 and NSF 3 .
409.2 Water connection. The water supply to a dishwashing
machine shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.
409.3 Waste connection. The waste connection of a
dishwashing machine shall comply with Section 802.1.6 or
802.1.7, as applicable.
SECTION 410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval. Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME
Al 12.19.1M, ASME Al 12.19.2M or ASME Al 12.19.9M and
water coolers shall conform to ARI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to NSF 61, Section 9. Where
water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be
required. In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are
required, water coolers or bottled water dispensers shall be per-
mitted to be substituted for not more than 50 percent of the
required drinking fountains.
410.2 Prohibited location. Drinking fountains shall not be
installed in public restrooms.
SECTION 411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND
EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval. Emergency showers and eyewash stations
shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection. Waste connections shall not be
required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval. Floor drains shall conform to ASME
Al 12.6.3, ASME Al 12.3.1 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall
comply with ASME Al 12.6.3.
412.2 Floor drains. Floor drains shall have removeable strain-
ers. The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain is
capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain
inlet.
412.3 Size of floor drains. Floor drains shall have a minimum
2-inch-diameter (51 mm) drain outlet.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities. In
public coin-operated laundries and in the central washing facil-
ities of multiple-family dwellings, the rooms containing auto-
matic clothes washers shall be provided with floor drains
located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall
SECTION 413
FOOD WASTE GRINDER UNITS
413.1 Approval. Domestic food waste grinders shall conform
to ASSE 1008. Commercial food waste grinders shall conform
to ASSE 1009. Food waste grinders shall not increase the
drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage system.
413.2 Domestic food waste grinder waste outlets. Domestic
food waste grinders shall be connected to a drain of not less
than 1.5 inches (38 mm) in diameter.
413.3 Commercial food waste grinder waste outlets. Com-
mercial food waste grinders shall be connected to a drain a min-
imum of 2 inches (5 1 mm) in diameter. Commercial food waste
grinders shall be connected and trapped separately from any
other fixtures or sink compartments.
413.4 Water supply required. All food waste grinders shall be
provided with a supply of cold water.
SECTION 414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS
414.1 Water connection. The water supply to a garbage can
washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or a
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1,
608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
414.2 Waste connection. Garbage can washers shall be
trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from the
washer shall have a removable basket or strainer to prevent the
discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
SECTION 415
LAUNDRY TRAYS
415.1 Approval. Laundry trays shall conform to ANSI
Z124.6, ASME A112.19.1M, ASME A112.19.3M, ASME
Al 12.19.9M, CSA B45.2 or CSA B45.4.
415.2 Waste outlet. Each compartment of a laundry tray shall
be provided with a waste outlet a minimum of 1.5 inches (38
mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear
opening of the waste outlet.
SECTION 416
LAVATORIES
416.1 Approval. Lavatories shall conform to ANSI Z124.3,
ASME A112.19.1M, ASME A112.19.2M, ASME
Al 12. 19.3M, ASME Al 12. 19.4M, ASME Al 12. 19.9M, CSA
B45 . 1 , CS A B45 .2, CSA B45 .3 or CSA B45 .4. Group wash-up
equipment shall conform to the requirements of Section 402.
Every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim space shall be considered as
one lavatory.
416.2 Cultured marble lavatories. Cultured marble vanity
tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to ANSI Z124.3 or
CSA B45.5.
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FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
416.3 Lavatory waste outlets. Lavatories shall have waste
outlets not less than 1.25 inches (32 mm) in diameter. A
strainer, pop-up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be pro-
vided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
416.4 Moveable lavatory systems. Moveable lavatory sys-
tems shall comply with ASME Al 12.19.12.
416.5 Tempered water for public hand-washing facilities.
Tempered water shall be delivered from public hand- washing
facilities through an approved water temperature limiting
device that conforms to ASSE 1070.
SECTION 417
SHOWERS
417.1 Approval. Prefabricated showers and shower compart-
ments shall conform to ANSI Z124.2, ASME Al 12.19.9M or
CSA B45.5. Shower valves for individual showers shall con-
form to the requirements of Section 424.3.
417.2 Water supply riser. Every water supply riser from the
shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or
not, shall be attached to the structure in an approved manner.
417.3 Shower waste outlet. Waste outlets serving showers
shall be at least 1 V 2 inches (38 mm) in diameter and, for other
than waste outlets in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers
not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter with strainer open-
ings not less than 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) in minimum dimension.
Where each shower space is not provided with an individual
waste outlet, the waste outlet shall be located and the floor
pitched so that waste from one shower does not flow over the
floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets shall be fas-
tened to the waste pipe in an approved manner.
417.4 Shower compartments. All shower compartments shall
have a minimum of 900 square inches (0.58 m 2 ) of interior
cross-sectional area. Shower compartments shall not be less
than 30 inches (762 mm) in minimum dimension measured
from the finished interior dimension of the compartment,
exclusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes, and
safety grab bars or rails. Except as required in Section 404, the
minimum required area and dimension shall be measured from
the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the
threshold and at a point tangent to its centerline and shall be
continued to a height not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above
the shower drain outlet.
Exception: Shower compartments having not less than 25
inches (635 mm) in minimum dimension measured from the
finished interior dimension of the compartment, provided
that the shower compartment has a minimum of 1,300
square inches (.838 m 2 ) of cross-sectional area.
417.4.1 Wall area. The wall area above built-in tubs with
installed shower heads and in shower compartments shall be
constructed of smooth, noncorrosive and nonabsorbent
waterproof materials to a height not less than 6 feet (1829
mm) above the room floor level, and not less than 70 inches
(1778 mm) where measured from the compartment floor at
the drain. Such walls shall form a water-tight joint with each
other and with either the tub, receptor or shower floor.
417.4.2 Access. The shower compartment access and egress
opening shall have a minimum clear and unobstructed fin-
ished width of 22 inches (559 mm). Shower compartments
required to be designed in conformance to accessibility pro-
visions shall comply with Section 404.1.
417.5 Shower floors or receptors. Floor surfaces shall be con-
structed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and water-
proof materials.
417.5.1 Support. Floors or receptors under shower com-
partments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and
structurally sound base.
417.5.2 Shower lining. Floors under shower compart-
ments, except where prefabricated receptors have been pro-
vided, shall be lined and made water tight utilizing material
complying with Sections 417.5.2.1 through 417.5.2.4. Such
liners shall turn up on all sides at least 2 inches (51 mm)
above the finished threshold level. Liners shall be recessed
and fastened to an approved backing so as not to occupy the
space required for wall covering, and shall not be nailed or
perforated at any point less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the
finished threshold. Liners shall be pitched one-fourth unit
vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) and shall be
sloped toward the fixture drains and be securely fastened to
the waste outlet at the seepage entrance, making a
water-tight joint between the liner and the outlet.
Exception: Floor surfaces under shower heads provided
for rinsing laid directly on the ground are not required to
comply with this section.
417.5.2.1 PVC sheets. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) sheets shall be a minimum of 0.040 inch (1.02
mm) thick, and shall meet the requirements of ASTM D
455 1 . Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets. r
Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall be a
minimum 0.040 inch (1 .02 mm) thick, and shall meet the
requirements of ASTM D 4068. The liner shall be joined
in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions.
417.5.2.3 Sheet lead. Sheet lead shall not weigh less
than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m 2 ) coated with
an asphalt paint or other approved coating. The lead
sheet shall be insulated from conducting substances
other than the connecting drain by 15-pound (6.80 kg)
asphalt felt or its equivalent. Sheet lead shall be joined by
burning.
417.5.2.4 Sheet copper. Sheet copper shall conform to
ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less than 12 ounces per
square foot (3.7 kg/m 2 ). The copper sheet shall be insu-
lated from conducting substances other than the connect-
ing drain by 15-pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or its
equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing or
soldering.
417.6 Glazing. Windows and doors within a shower enclosure
shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of the Interna-
tional Building Code.
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SECTION 418
SINKS
418.1 Approval. Sinks shall conform to ANSI Z 124.6, ASME
A112.19.1M, ASME A112.19.2M, ASME A112.19.3M,
ASME A112.19.4M, ASME A112.19.9M, CSA B45.1, CSA
B45.2, CSA B45.3 or CSA B45.4.
418.2 Sink waste outlets. Sinks shall be provided with waste
outlets a minimum of 1.5 inches (38 mm) in diameter. A
strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear open-
ing of the waste outlet.
418.3 Moveable sink systems. Moveable sink systems shall
comply with ASME Al 12.19.12.
SECTION 419
URINALS
419.1 Approval. Urinals shall conform to ANSI Z124.9,
ASME A112.19.2M, CSAB45.1 or CSAB45.5. Urinals shall
conform to the water consumption requirements of Section
604.4. Water supplied urinals shall conform to the hydraulic
performance requirements of ASME Al 12. 19.6, CSA B45.1
or CSA B45.5.
419.2 Substitution for water closets. In each bathroom or toi-
let room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 67 per-
cent of the required water closets in assembly and educational
occupancies. Urinals shall not be substituted for more than 50
percent of the required water closets in all other occupancies.
[B] 419.3 Surrounding material. Wall and floor space to a
point 2 feet (610 mm) in front of a urinal lip and 4 feet (1219
mm) above the floor and at least 2 feet (610 mm) to each side of
the urinal shall be waterproofed with a smooth, readily
cleanable, nonabsorbent material.
SECTION 420
WATER CLOSETS
420.1 Approval. Water closets shall conform to the water con-
sumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall conform to
ANSI Z124.4, ASME A112.19.2M, CSA B45.1, CSA B45.4
or CSA B45.5. Water closets shall conform to the hydraulic
performance requirements of ASME Al 12.19.6. Water closet
tanks shall conform to ANSI Z124.4, ASME Al 12. 19.2,
ASME A112.19.9M, CSA B45.1, CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5.
Electro-hydraulic water closets shall comply with ASME
A112.19.13.
420.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.
Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facilities shall
be of the elongated type.
420.3 Water closet seats. Water closets shall be equipped with
seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of water clos-
ets provided for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of
the hinged open-front type. Integral water closet seats shall be
of the same material as the fixture. Water closet seats shall be
sized for the water closet bowl type.
420.4 Water closet connections. A 4-inch by 3-inch (102 mm
by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 3-inch (76
mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4-inch by 3-inch (102
mm by 76 mm) flange shall be installed to receive the fixture
horn.
SECTION 421
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS
421.1 Approval. Whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with ASME
A112.19.7M or with CSA B45.5 and CSA B45 (Supplement
1).
421.2 Installation. Whirlpool bathtubs shall be installed and
tested in accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions. The pump shall be located above the weir of the
fixture trap. I
421.3 Drain. The pump drain and circulation piping shall be
sloped to drain the water in the volute and the circulation piping
when the whirlpool bathtub is empty.
421.4 Suction fittings. Suction fittings for whirlpool bathtubs
shall comply with ASME Al 12.19.8M.
421.5 Access to pump. Access shall be provided to circulation
pumps in accordance with the fixture or pump manufacturer's
installation instructions. Where the manufacturer's instruc-
tions do not specify the location and minimum size of field-fab-
ricated access openings, a 12-inch by 12-inch (305 mm by 305
mm) minimum sized opening shall be installed to provide
access to the circulation pump. Where pumps are located more
than 2 feet (609 mm) from the access opening, an 18-inch by
1 8-inch (457 mm by 457 mm) minimum sized opening shall be
installed. A door or panel shall be permitted to close the open-
ing. In all cases, the access opening shall be unobstructed and
of the size necessary to permit the removal and replacement of
the circulation pump.
421.6 Whirlpool enclosure. Doors within a whirlpool enclo-
sure shall conform to ASME Al 12.19.15.
SECTION 422
HEALTH CARE FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT
422.1 Scope. This section shall govern those aspects of health
care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in
other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform
to the requirements of this section in addition to the other
requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall
apply to the special devices and equipment installed and main-
tained in the following occupancies: nursing homes, homes for
the aged, orphanages, infirmaries, first aid stations, psychiatric
facilities, clinics, professional offices of dentists and doctors,
mortuaries, educational facilities, surgery, dentistry, research
and testing laboratories, establishments manufacturing phar-
maceutical drugs and medicines, and other structures with sim-
ilar apparatus and equipment classified as plumbing.
422.2 Approval. All special plumbing fixtures, equipment,
devices and apparatus shall be of an approved type.
422.3 Protection. All devices, appurtenances, appliances and
apparatus intended to serve some special function, such as ster-
ilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or
foods, and that connect to either the water supply or drainage
system, shall be provided with protection against backflow,
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2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
flooding, fouling, contamination of the water supply system
and stoppage of the drain.
422.4 Materials. Fixtures designed for therapy, special cleans-
ing or disposal of waste materials, combinations of such pur-
poses, or any other special purpose, shall be of smooth,
impervious, corrosion-resistant materials and, where subjected
to temperatures in excess of 180°F (82°C), shall be capable of
withstanding, without damage, higher temperatures.
422.5 Access. Access shall be provided to concealed piping in
connection with special fixtures where such piping contains
steam traps, valves, relief valves, check valves, vacuum break-
ers or other similar items that require periodic inspection, ser-
vicing, maintenance or repair. Access shall be provided to
concealed piping that requires periodic inspection, mainte-
nance or repair.
422.6 Clinical sink. A clinical sink shall have an integral trap
in which the upper portion of a visible trap seal provides a water
surface. The fixture shall be designed so as to permit complete
removal of the contents by siphonic or blowout action and to
reseal the trap. A flushing rim shall provide water to cleanse the
interior surface. The fixture shall have the flushing and cleans-
ing characteristics of a water closet.
422.7 Prohibited usage of clinical sinks and service sinks. A
clinical sink serving a soiled utility room shall not be consid-
ered as a substitute for, or be utilized as, a service sink. A ser-
vice sink shall not be utilized for the disposal of urine, fecal
matter or other human waste.
422.8 Ice prohibited in soiled utility room. Machines for
manufacturing ice, or any device for the handling or storage of
ice, shall not be located in a soiled utility room.
422.9 Sterilizer equipment requirements. The approval and
installation of all sterilizers shall conform to the requirements
of the International Mechanical Code.
422.9.1 Sterilizer piping. Access for the purposes of
inspection and maintenance shall be provided to all steril-
izer piping and devices necessary for the operation of steril-
izers.
422.9.2 Steam supply. Steam supplies to sterilizers, includ-
ing those connected by pipes from overhead mains or
branches, shall be drained to prevent any moisture from
reaching the sterilizer. The condensate drainage from the
steam supply shall be discharged by gravity.
422.9.3 Steam condensate return. Steam condensate
returns from sterilizers shall be a gravity return system.
422.9.4 Condensers. Pressure sterilizers shall be equipped
with a means of condensing and cooling the exhaust steam
vapors. Nonpressure sterilizers shall be equipped with a
device that will automatically control the vapor, confining
the vapors within the vessel.
422.10 Special elevations. Control valves, vacuum outlets and
devices protruding from a wall of an operating, emergency,
recovery, examining or delivery room, or in a corridor or other
location where patients are transported on a wheeled stretcher,
shall be located at an elevation that prevents bumping the
patient or stretcher against the device.
SECTION 423
SPECIALTY PLUMBING FIXTURES
423.1 Water connections. Baptisteries, ornamental and lily
pools, aquariums, ornamental fountain basins, swimming
pools, and similar constructions, where provided with water
supplies, shall be protected against backflow in accordance
with Section 608.
423.2 Approval. Specialties requiring water and waste con-
nections shall be submitted for approval.
SECTION 424
FAUCETS AND OTHER FIXTURE FITTINGS
424.1 Approval. Faucets and fixture fittings shall conform to
ASME Al 12.18.1 or CSA B125. Faucets and fixture fittings
that supply drinking water for human ingestion shall conform
to the requirements of NSF 61, Section 9. Flexible water con-
nectors exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to the
requirements of Section 605.6.
424.1.1 Faucets and supply fittings. Faucets and supply
fittings shall conform to the water consumption require-
ments of Section 604.4.
424.1.2 Waste fittings. Waste fittings shall conform to
ASME Al 12. 18.2, ASTM F 409, CSA B 125 or to one of the
standards listed in Tables 702. 1 and 702.4 for above-ground
drainage and vent pipe and fittings.
424.2 Hand showers. Hand-held showers shall conform to
ASME Al 12.18.1 or CSA B125.1. Hand-held showers shall
provide backflow protection in accordance with ASME
Al 12.18.1 or CSA B 125.1 or shall be protected against
backflow by a device complying with ASME Al 12.18.3.
424.3 Individual shower valves. Individual shower and
tub-shower combination valves shall be balanced-pressure,
thermostatic or combination balanced-pressure/thermostatic
valves that conform to the requirements of ASSE 1016 or CSA
B125 and shall be installed at the point of use. Shower and |
tub-shower combination valves required by this section shall
be equipped with a means to limit the maximum setting of the
valve to 120°F (49°C), which shall be field adjusted in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's instructions. In-line thermo- I
static valves shall not be utilized for compliance with this I
section.
424.4 Multiple (gang) showers. Multiple (gang) showers sup-
plied with a single-tempered water supply pipe shall have the
water supply for such showers controlled by an approved auto-
matic temperature control mixing valve that conforms to ASSE
1069 or CSA B125, or each shower head shall be individually
controlled by a balanced-pressure, thermostatic or combina-
tion balanced-pressure/thermostatic valve that conforms to
ASSE 1016 or CSA B125 and is installed at the point of use.
Such valves shall be equipped with a means to limit the maxi-
mum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°C), which shall be field
adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
424.5 Bathtub and whirlpool bathtub valves. The hot water
supplied to bathtubs and whirlpool bathtubs shall be limited to
a maximum temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a water tempera-
ture limiting device that conforms to ASSE 1070, except where
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
I such protection is otherwise provided by a combination
tub/shower valve in accordance with Section 424.3.
424.6 Hose-connected outlets. Faucets and fixture fittings
with hose-connected outlets shall conform to ASME
I A112.18.3MorCSAB125.
424.7 Temperature-actuated, flow reduction valves for
individual fixture fittings. Temperature-actuated, flow reduc-
tion devices, where installed for individual fixture fittings,
shall conform to ASSE 1062. Such valves shall not be used
alone as a substitute for the balanced pressure, thermostatic or
combination shower valves required in Section 424.3.
424.8 Transfer valves. Deck-mounted bath/shower transfer
valves containing an integral atmospheric vacuum breaker
shall conform to the requirements of ASME A112.18.7.
SECTION 425
FLUSHING DEVICES FOR WATER CLOSETS AND
URINALS
425.1 Flushing devices required. Each water closet, urinal,
clinical sink and any plumbing fixture that depends on trap
siphonage to discharge the fixture contents to the drainage sys-
tem shall be provided with a flushometer valve, flushometer
tank or a flush tank designed and installed to supply water in
quantity and rate of flow to flush the contents of the fixture,
cleanse the fixture and refill the fixture trap.
425.1.1 Separate for each fixture. A flushing device shall
not serve more than one fixture.
425.2 Flushometer valves and tanks. Flushometer valves and
tanks shall comply with ASSE 1037. Vacuum breakers on
flushometer valves shall conform to the performance require-
ments of ASSE 1001 or CSA B64.1.1. Access shall be pro-
vided to vacuum breakers. Flushometer valves shall be of the
water-conservation type and shall not be utilized where the
water pressure is lower than the minimum required for normal
operation. When operated, the valve shall automatically com-
plete the cycle of operation, opening fully and closing posi-
tively under the water supply pressure. Each flushometer valve
shall be provided with a means for regulating the flow through
the valve. The trap seal to the fixture shall be automatically
refilled after each valve flushing cycle.
425.3 Flush tanks. Flush tanks equipped for manual flushing
shall be controlled by a device designed to refill the tank after
each discharge and to shut off completely the water flow to the
tank when the tank is filled to operational capacity. The trap
seal to the fixture shall be automatically refilled after each
flushing. The water supply to flush tanks equipped for auto-
matic flushing shall be controlled with a timing device or sen-
sor control devices.
425.3.1 Fill valves. All flush tanks shall be equipped with
an antisiphon fill valve conforming to ASSE 1002 or CSA
B125. The fill valve backflow preventer shall be located at
least 1 inch (25 mm) above the full opening of the overflow
pipe.
425.3.2 Overflows in flush tanks. Flush tanks shall be pro-
. vided with overflows discharging to the water closet or uri-
nal connected thereto and shall be sized to prevent flooding
the tank at the maximum rate at which the tanks are supplied
with water according to the manufacturer's design condi-
tions. The opening of the overflow pipe shall be located
above the flood level rim of the water closet or urinal or
above a secondary overflow in the flush tank.
425.3.3 Sheet copper. Sheet copper utilized for flush tank
linings shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh
less than 10 ounces per square foot (0.03 kg/m 2 ).
425.3.4 Access required. All parts in a flush tank shall be
accessible for repair and replacement.
425.4 Flush pipes and fittings. Flush pipes and fittings shall
be of nonferrous material and shall conform to ASME
A112.19.5orCSAB125.
SECTION 426
MANUAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE DISPENSING
EQUIPMENT
426.1 Approval. Manual food and beverage dispensing equip-
ment shall conform to the requirements of NSF 18.
SECTION 427
FLOOR SINKS
427.1 Approval. Sanitary floor sinks shall conform to the
requirements of ASME Al 12.6.7.
34
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 5
WATER HEATERS
SECTION 501
GENERAL
501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design and installation of water heaters and the
related safety devices and appurtenances.
501.2 Water heater as space heater. Where a combination
potable water heating and space heating system requires water
for space heating at temperatures higher than 140°F (60°C), a
master thermostatic mixing valve complying with ASSE 1017
shall be provided to limit the water supplied to the potable hot
water distribution system to a temperature of 140°F (60°C) or
less. The potability of the water shall be maintained throughout
the system.
501.3 Drain valves. Drain valves for emptying shall be
installed at the bottom of each tank-type water heater and hot
water storage tank. Drain valves shall conform to ASSE 1005.
501.4 Location. Water heaters and storage tanks shall be
located and connected so as to provide access for observation,
maintenance, servicing and replacement.
501.5 Water heater labeling. All water heaters shall be
third-party certified.
501.6 Water temperature control in piping from tankless
heaters. The temperature of water from tankless water heaters
shall be a maximum of 140°F (60°C) when intended for
domestic uses. This provision shall not supersede the require-
ment for protective shower valves in accordance with Section
424.3.
501.7 Pressure marking of storage tanks. Storage tanks and
water heaters installed for domestic hot water shall have the
maximum allowable working pressure clearly and indelibly
stamped in the metal or marked on a plate welded thereto or
otherwise permanently attached. Such markings shall be in an
accessible position outside of the tank so as to make inspection
or reinspection readily possible.
501.8 Temperature controls. All hot water supply systems
shall be equipped with automatic temperature controls capable
of adjustments from the lowest to the highest acceptable tem-
perature settings for the intended temperature operating range.
SECTION 502
INSTALLATION
502.1 General. Water heaters shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Oil-fired
water heaters shall conform to the requirements of this code
and the International Mechanical Code. Electric water heaters
shall conform to the requirements of this code and provisions
of the ICC Electrical Code. Gas-fired water heaters shall con-
form to the requirements of the International Fuel Gas Code.
502.2 Rooms used as a plenum. Water heaters using solid, liq-
uid or gas fuel shall not be installed in a room containing
air-handling machinery when such room is used as a plenum.
502.3 Water heaters installed in attics. Attics containing a
water heater shall be provided with an opening and unob-
structed passageway large enough to allow removal of the
water heater. The passageway shall not be less than 30 inches
(762 mm) high and 22 inches (559 mm) wide and not more than
20 feet (6096 mm) in length when measured along the center-
line of the passageway from the opening to the water heater.
The passageway shall have continuous solid flooring not less
than 24 inches (610 mm) wide. A level service space at least 30
inches (762 mm) deep and 30 inches (762 mm) wide shall be
present at the front or service side of the water heater. The clear
access opening dimensions shall be a minimum of 20 inches by
30 inches (508 mm by 762 mm) where such dimensions are
large enough to allow removal of the water heater.
502.4 Seismic supports. Where earthquake loads are applica-
ble in accordance with the International Building Code, water
heater supports shall be designed and installed for the seismic
forces in accordance with the International Building Code.
SECTION 503
CONNECTIONS
503.1 Cold water line valve. The cold water branch line from
the main water supply line to each hot water storage tank or
water heater shall be provided with a valve, located near the
equipment and serving only the hot water storage tank or water
heater. The valve shall not interfere or cause a disruption of the
cold water supply to the remainder of the cold water system.
The valve shall be provided with access on the same floor level
as the water heater served.
503.2 Water circulation. The method of connecting a circulat-
ing water heater to the tank shall provide proper circulation of
water through the water heater. The pipe or tubes required for
the installation of appliances that will draw from the water
heater or storage tank shall comply with the provisions of this
code for material and installation.
SECTION 504
SAFETY DEVICES
504.1 Antisiphon devices. An approved means, such as a cold
water "dip" tube with a hole at the top or a vacuum relief valve
installed in the cold water supply line above the top of the
heater or tank, shall be provided to prevent siphoning of any
storage water heater or tank.
504.2 Vacuum relief valve. Bottom fed water heaters and bot-
tom fed tanks connected to water heaters shall have a vacuum
relief valve installed. The vacuum relief valve shall comply
with ANSI Z21. 22.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
35
WATER HEATERS
504.3 Shutdown. A means for disconnecting an electric hot
water supply system from its energy supply shall be provided
in accordance with the ICC Electrical Code. A separate valve
shall be provided to shut off the energy fuel supply to all other
types of hot water supply systems.
504.4 Relief valve. All storage water heaters operating above
atmospheric pressure shall be provided with an approved,
self-closing (levered) pressure relief valve and temperature
relief valve or combination thereof. The relief valve shall con-
form to ANSI Z21.22. The relief valve shall not be used as a
means of controlling thermal expansion.
504.4.1 Installation. Such valves shallbe installed in the
shell of the water heater tank. Temperature relief valves
shall be so located in the tank as to be actuated by the water
in the top 6 inches (152 mm) of the tank served. For installa-
tions with separate storage tanks, the valves shall be
installed on the tank and there shall not be any type of valve
installed between the water heater and the storage tank.
There shall not be a check valve or shutoff valve between a
relief valve and the heater or tank served.
504.5 Relief valve approval. Temperature and pressure relief
valves, or combinations thereof, and energy cutoff devices
shall bear the label of an approved agency and shall have a tem-
perature setting of not more than 210°F (99°C) and a pressure
setting not exceeding the tank or water heater manufacturer's
rated working pressure or 150 psi (1035 kPa), whichever is
less. The relieving capacity of each pressure relief valve and
each temperature relief valve shall equal or exceed the heat
input to the water heater or storage tank.
504.6 Requirements for discharge piping. The discharge
piping serving a pressure relief valve, temperature relief valve
or combination thereof shall:
1. Not be directly connected to the drainage system.
2. Discharge through an air gap located in the same room
as the water heater.
3. Not be smaller than the diameter of the outlet of the
valve served and shall discharge full size to the air gap.
4. Serve a single relief device and shall not connect to pip-
ing serving any other relief device or equipment.
5. Discharge to the floor, to an indirect waste receptor or
to the outdoors. Where discharging to the outdoors in
areas subject to freezing, discharge piping shall be first
piped to an indirect waste receptor through an air gap
located in a conditioned area.
6. Discharge in a manner that does not cause personal
injury or structural damage.
7. Discharge- to a termination point that is readily observ-
able by the building occupants.
8. Not be trapped.
9. Be installed so as to flow by gravity.
10. Not terminate more than 6 inches (152 mm) above the
floor or waste receptor.
1 1 . Not have a threaded connection at the end of such pip-
ing.
12. Not have valves or tee fittings.
13. Be constructed of those materials listed in Section
605.4 or materials tested, rated and approved for such
use in accordance with ASME Al 12.4.1.
504.7 Required pan. Where water heaters or hot water storage
tanks are installed in locations where leakage of the tanks or
connections will cause damage, the tank or water heater shall
be installed in a galvanized steel pan having a minimum thick-
ness of 24 gage, or other pans approved for such use.
504.7.1 Pan size and drain. The pan shall be not less than
1.5 inches (38 mm) deep and shall be of sufficient size and
shape to receive all dripping or condensate from the tank or
water heater. The pan shall be drained by an indirect waste
pipe having a minimum diameter of 0.75 inch (19 mm). Pip-
ing for safety pan drains shall be of those materials listed in
Table 605.4.
504.7.2 Pan drain termination. The pan drain shall extend
full-size and terminate over a suitably located indirect waste
receptor or floor drain or extend to the exterior of the build-
ing and terminate not less than 6 inches (152 mm) and not
more than 24 inches (610 mm) above the adjacent ground
surface.
SECTION 505
INSULATION
[E] 505.1 Unfired vessel insulation. Unfired hot water storage
tanks shall be insulated so that heat loss is limited to a maxi-
mum of 15 British thermal units per hour (Btu/h) per square
foot (47 W/m 2 ) of external tank surface area. For purposes of
determining this heat loss, the design ambient temperature
shall not be higher than 65 °F (18°C).
36
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 6
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
SECTION 601
GENERAL
601.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the materials, design
and installation of water supply systems, both hot and cold, for
utilization in connection with human occupancy and habitation
and shall govern the installation of individual water supply sys-
tems.
601.2 Solar energy utilization. Solar energy systems used for
heating potable water or using an independent medium for
heating potable water shall comply with the applicable require-
ments of this code. The use of solar energy shall not compro-
mise the requirements for cross connection or protection of the
potable water supply system required by this code.
601.3 Existing piping used for grounding. Existing metallic
water service piping used for electrical grounding shall not be
replaced with nonmetallic pipe or tubing until other approved
means of grounding is provided.
601.4 Tests. The potable water distribution system shall be
tested in accordance with Section 312.5.
SECTION 602
WATER REQUIRED
602.1 General. Every structure equipped with plumbing fix-
tures and utilized for human occupancy or habitation shall be
provided with a potable supply of water in the amounts and at
the pressures specified in this chapter.
602.2 Potable water required. Only potable water shall be
supplied to plumbing fixtures that provide water for drinking,
bathing or culinary purposes, or for the processing of food,
medical or pharmaceutical products. Unless otherwise pro-
vided in this code, potable water shall be supplied to all plumb-
ing fixtures.
602.3 Individual water supply. Where a potable public water
supply is not available, individual sources of potable water sup-
ply shall be utilized.
602.3.1 Sources. Dependent on geological and soil condi-
tions and the amount of rainfall, individual water supplies
are of the following types: drilled well, driven well, dug
well, bored well, spring, stream or cistern. Surface bodies of
water and land cisterns shall not be sources of individual
water supply unless properly treated by approved means to
prevent contamination.
602.3.2 Minimum quantity. The combined capacity of the
source and storage in an individual water supply system
shall supply the fixtures with water at rates and pressures as
required by this chapter.
602.3.3 Water quality. Water from an individual water sup-
ply shall be approved as potable by the authority having
jurisdiction prior to connection to the plumbing system.
602.3.4 Disinfection of system. After construction or
major repair, the individual water supply system shall be
purged of deleterious matter and disinfected in accordance
with Section 610.
602.3.5 Pumps. Pumps shall be rated for the transport of
potable water. Pumps in an individual water supply system
shall be constructed and installed so as to prevent contami-
nation from entering a potable water supply through the
pump units. Pumps shall be sealed to the well casing or cov-
ered with a water-tight seal. Pumps shall be designed to
maintain a prime and installed such that ready access is pro-
vided to the pump parts of the entire assembly for repairs.
602.3.5.1 Pump enclosure. The pump room or enclo-
sure around a well pump shall be drained and protected
from freezing by heating or other approved means.
Where pumps are installed in basements, such pumps
shall be mounted on a block or shelf not less than 18
inches (457 mm) above the basement floor. Well pits
shall be prohibited.
SECTION 603
WATER SERVICE
603.1 Size of water service pipe. The water service pipe shall
be sized to supply water to the structure in the quantities and at
the pressures required in this code. The minimum diameter of
water service pipe shall be 3 / 4 inch (19.1 mm).
603.2 Separation of water service and building sewer. Water
service pipe and the building sewer shall be separated by 5 feet
(1524 mm) of undisturbed or compacted earth.
Exceptions:
1. The required separation distance shall not apply
where the bottom of the water service pipe within 5
feet (1524 mm) of the sewer is a minimum of 12
inches (305 mm) above the top of the highest point of
the sewer and the pipe materials conform to Table
702.3.
2. Water service pipe is permitted to be located in the
same trench with a building sewer, provided such
sewer is constructed of materials listed in Table
702.2.
3. The required separation distance shall not apply
where a water service pipe crosses a sewer pipe, pro-
vided the water service pipe is sleeved to at least 5 feet
(1524 mm) horizontally from the sewer pipe center-
line on both sides of such crossing with pipe materials
listed in Table 605.3, 702.2 or 702.3.
603.2.1 Water service near sources of pollution. Potable
water service pipes shall not be located in, under or above
cesspools, septic tanks, septic tank drainage fields or seepage
pits (see Section 605. 1 for soil and groundwater conditions).
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE*
37
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
SECTION 604
DESIGN OF BUILDING WATER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
604.1 General. The design of the water distribution system
shall conform to accepted engineering practice. Methods uti-
lized to determine pipe sizes shall be approved.
604.2 System interconnection. At the points of interconnec-
tion between the hot and cold water supply piping systems and
the individual fixtures, appliances or devices, provisions shall
be made to prevent flow between such piping systems.
604.3 Water distribution system design criteria. The water
distribution system shall be designed, and pipe sizes shall be
selected such that under conditions of peak demand, the capac-
ities at the fixture supply pipe outlets shall not be less than
shown in Table 604.3. The minimum flow rate and flow pres-
sure provided to fixtures and appliances not listed in Table
604.3 shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's installa-
tion instructions.
TABLE 604.3
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA
REQUIRED CAPACITY AT FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE OUTLETS
FIXTURE SUPPLY
OUTLET SERVING
FLOW RATE 3
(gpm)
FLOW
PRESSURE (psi)
Bathtub
4
8
Bidet
2
4
Combination fixture
4
8
Dishwasher, residential
2.75
8
Drinking fountain
0.75
8
Laundry tray
4
8
Lavatory
2
8
Shower
3
8
Shower, temperature controlled
3
20
Sillcock, hose bibb
5
8
Sink, residential
2.5
8
Sink, service
3
8
Urinal, valve
15
15
Water closet, blow out,
flushometer valve
35
25
Water closet, flushometer tank
1.6
15
Water closet, siphonic,
flushometer valve
25
15
Water closet, tank, close coupled
3
8
Water closet, tank, one piece
6
20
604.4 Maximum flow and water consumption. The maxi-
mum water consumption flow rates and quantities for all
plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings shall be in accordance
with Table 604.4.
Exceptions:
1. Blowout design water closets having a maximum I
water consumption of 3.5 gallons (13 L) per flushing
cycle.
2. Vegetable sprays.
3. Clinical sinks having a maximum water consumption I
of 4.5 gallons (17 L) per flushing cycle. . I
4. Service sinks.
5. Emergency showers.
TABLE 604.4
MAXIMUM FLOW RATES AND CONSUMPTION FOR
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
PLUMBING FIXTURE
OR FIXTURE FITTING
MAXIMUM FLOW RATE
OR QUANTITY"
Lavatory, private
2.2 gpm at 60 psi
Lavatory, public, (metering)
0.25 gallon per metering cycle
Lavatory, public
(other than metering)
0.5 gpm at 60 psi
Shower head 3
2.5 gpm at 80 psi
Sink faucet
2.2 gpm at 60 psi
Urinal
1.0 gallon per flushing cycle
Water closet
1 .6 gallons per flushing cycle
For SI: 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
a. For additional requirements for flow rates and quantities, see Section 604.4.
For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
a. A hand-held shower spray is a shower head.
b. Consumption tolerances shall be determined from referenced standards.
604.5 Size of fixture supply. The minimum size of a fixture
supply pipe shall be as shown in Table 604.5. The fixture sup-
ply pipe shall not terminate more than 30 inches (762 mm)
from the point of connection to the fixture. A reduced-size flex-
ible water connector installed between the supply pipe and the
fixture shall be of an approved type. The supply pipe shall
extend to the floor or wall adjacent to the fixture. The minimum
size of individual distribution lines utilized in gridded or paral-
lel water distribution systems shall be as shown in Table 604.5.
604.6 Variable street pressures. Where street water main
pressures fluctuate, the building water distribution system shall
be designed for the minimum pressure available.
604.7 Inadequate water pressure. Wherever water pressure
from the street main or other source of supply is insufficient to
provide flow pressures at fixture outlets as required under
Table 604.3, a water pressure booster system conforming to
Section 606.5 shall be installed on the building water supply
system.
38
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
TABLE 604.5
MINIMUM SIZES OF FIXTURE WATER SUPPLY PIPES
FIXTURE
MINIMUM PIPE SIZE
(inch)
Bathtubs 3 (60" x 32" and smaller)
\
Bathtubs 3 (larger than 60" x 32")
%
Bidet
%
Combination sink and tray
\
Dishwasher, domestic 3
%
Drinking fountain
\
Hose bibbs
\
Kitchen sink 3
v 2
Laundry, 1, 2 or 3 compartments 3
%
Lavatory
%
Shower, single head 3
\ ■■
Sinks, flushing rim
%
Sinks, service
%
Urinal, flush tank
%
Urinal, flush valve
%
Wali hydrant
%
Water closet, flush tank
3 / 8
Water closet, flush valve
1
Water closet, flushometer tank
\
Water closet, one piece 3
%
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 ram, 1 foot = 304.8 mm,
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
a. Where the developed length of the distribution line is 60 feet or less, and the
available pressure at the meter is a minimum of 35 psi, the minimum size of
an individual distribution line supplied from a manifold and installed as part
of a parallel water distribution system shall be one nominal tube size smaller
than the sizes indicated.
604.8 Water-pressure reducing valve or regulator. Where
water pressure within a building exceeds 80 psi (552 kPa)
static* an approved water-pressure reducing valve conforming
to ASSE 1003 with strainer shall be installed to reduce the pres-
sure in the building water distribution piping to 80 psi (552
kPa) static or less.
Exception: Service lines to sill cocks and outside hydrants,
and main supply risers where pressure from the mains is
reduced to 80 psi (552 kPa) or less at individual fixtures.
604.8.1 Valve design. The pressure-reducing valve shall be
designed to remain open to permit uninterrupted water flow
in case of valve failure.
604.8.2 Repair and removal. All water-pressure reducing
valves, regulators and strainers shall be so constructed and
installed as to permit repair or removal of parts without
breaking a pipeline or removing the valve and strainer from
the pipeline.
604.9 Water hammer. The flow velocity of the water distribu-
tion system shall be controlled to reduce the possibility of
water hammer. A water-hammer arrestor shall be installed
where quick-closing valves are utilized. Water-hammer
arrestors shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer's specifications. Water-hammer arrestors shall conform
to ASSE 1010.
604.10 Gridded and parallel water distribution system
manifolds. Hot water and cold water manifolds installed with
gridded or parallel connected individual distribution lines to
each fixture or fixture fitting shall be designed in accordance
with Sections 604.10.1 through 604.10.3.
604.10.1 Manifold sizing. Hot water and cold water mani-
folds shall be sized in accordance with Table 604. 10. 1 . The
total gallons per minute is the demand of all outlets sup-
plied.
TABLE 604.10.1
MANIFOLD SIZING
NOMINAL SIZE
INTERNAL DIAMETER
(inches)
MAXIMUM DEMAND (gpm)
Velocity at 4 feet
per second
Velocity at 8 feet
per second
v 2
2
5
3 / 4
6
11
1
10
20
1%
15
31
1V 2
22
44
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,
1 foot per second = 0.305 rri/s.
604.10.2 Valves. Individual fixture shutoff valves installed
at the manifold shall be identified as to the fixture being sup-
plied.
604.10.3 Access. Access shall be provided to manifolds.
604.11 Individual pressure balancing in-line valves for
individual fixture fittings. Where individual pressure balanc-
ing in-line valves for individual fixture fittings are installed,
such valves shall comply with ASSE 1066. Such valves shall be
installed in an accessible location and shall not be utilized
alone as a substitute for the balanced pressure, thermostatic or
combination shower valves required in Section 424.3.
SECTION 605
MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
605.1 Soil and ground water. The installation of a water ser-
vice or water distribution pipe shall be prohibited in soil and
ground water contaminated with solvents, fuels, organic com-
pounds or other detrimental materials causing permeation, cor-
rosion, degradation or structural failure of the piping material.
Where detrimental conditions are suspected, a chemical analy-
sis of the soil and ground water conditions shall be required to
ascertain the acceptability of the water service or water distri-
bution piping material for the specific installation. Where detri-
mental conditions exist, approved alternative materials or
routing shall be required.
605.2 Lead content of water supply pipe and fittings. Pipe
and pipe fittings, including valves and faucets, utilized in the
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
39
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
water supply system shall have a maximum of 8-percent lead
content.
605.3 Water service pipe. Water service pipe shall conform to
NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in
Table 605.3. All water service pipe or tubing, installed under-
ground and outside of the structure, shall have a minimum
working pressure rating of 160 psi (1 100 kPa) at 73.4°F (23°C).
Where the water pressure exceeds 160 psi (1 100 kPa), piping
material shall have a minimum rated working pressure equal to
the highest available pressure. Water service piping materials
not third-party certified for water distribution shall terminate at
or before the full open valve located at the entrance to the struc-
ture. All ductile iron water service piping shall be cement mor-
tar lined in accordance with AWWA CI 04.
605.3.1 Dual check-valve-type backflow preventer.
Where a dual check- valve backflow preventer is installed on
the water supply system, it shall comply with ASSE 1024 or
CSA B64.6.
605.4 Water distribution pipe. Water distribution pipe shall
conform to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards
listed in Table 605.4. All hot water distribution pipe and tubing
shall have a minimum pressure rating of 100 psi (690 kPa) at
180°F (82°C).
605.5 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
with the piping material installed and shall conform to the
respective pipe standards or one of the standards listed in Table
605.5. All pipe fittings utilized in water supply systems shall
also conform to NSF 61. The fittings shall not have ledges,
shoulders or reductions capable of retarding or obstructing
flow in the piping. Ductile and gray iron pipe fittings shall be
cement mortar lined in accordance with AWWA C104.
605.5.1 Mechanically formed tee fittings. Mechanically
extracted outlets shall have a height not less than three times
the thickness of the branch tube wall.
605.5.1.1 Full flow assurance. Branch tubes shall not
restrict the flow in the run tube. A dimple/depth stop shall
be formed in the branch tube to ensure that penetration
into the collar is of the correct depth. For inspection pur-
poses, a second dimple shall be placed 0.25 inch (6.4
mm) above the first dimple. Dimples shall be aligned
with the tube run.
605.5.1.2 Brazed joints. Mechanically formed tee fit-
tings shall be brazed in accordance with Section
605.14.1.
605.6 Flexible water connectors. Flexible water connectors
exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to ASME
Al 12.18.6. Access shall be provided to all flexible water con-
nectors.
TABLE 605.3
WATER SERVICE PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe
ASTM D 1527; ASTM D 2282
Asbestos-cement pipe
ASTM C 296
Brass pipe '
ASTM B 43
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F 442; CSA B 137.6
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 447
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing
ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877; CSA B 137.5
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX) pipe
ASTM F 1281; CSA B137.10M
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene
(PEX-AL-HDPE)
ASTM F 1986
Ductile iron water pipe
AWWA C151; AWWA CI 15
Galvanized steel pipe
ASTM A 53
Polybutylene (PB) plastic pipe and tubing
ASTM D 2662; ASTM D 2666; ASTM D 3309; CSA B137.8M
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2239; CSA B137.1
Polyethylene (PE) plastic tubing
ASTM D 2737; CSA B 137.1
Polyethylene/aluminum/polethylene (PE-AL-PE) pipe
ASTM F 1282; CSA B 137.9
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing
ASTM F 2389; CSA B 137. 1 1
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe
ASTM D 1785; ASTM D 2241; ASTM D 2672; CSA B 137.3
Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L)
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/316L)
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
40
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WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
TABLE 605.4
WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Brass pipe
ASTM B 43
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe and tubing
ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441; ASTM F 442; CSA B137.6
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
Copper or copper-alloy tubing (Type K, WK, L, WL, M or WM)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 447
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing
ASTM F 877; CSA B 137.5
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX) pipe
ASTM F 1281; CSAB137.10M
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene
(PEX-AL-HDPE)
ASTM F 1986
Galvanized steel pipe
ASTM A 53
Polybutylene (PB) plastic pipe and tubing
ASTM D 3309; CSA B137.8M
Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) composite pipe
ASTM F 1282
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing
ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.ll
Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L)
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/31 6L)
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
TABLE 605.5
PIPE FITTINGS
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic
ASTM D 2468
Cast-iron
ASME B16.4; ASME B16.12
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic
ASTM F 437; ASTM F 438; ASTM F 439; CSA B 137.6
Copper or copper alloy
ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18; ASME B16.22; ASME B16.23;
ASME B 16.26; ASME B 16.29
Cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/high-density polyethylene
(PEX-AL-HDPE)
ASTM F 1986
Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing
ASTM F 877; ASTM F 1807; ASTM F 1960; ASTM F 2080;
ASTM F 2159; CSA B 137.5
Gray iron and ductile iron
AWWA CI 10; AWWA C153
Malleable iron
ASMEB16.3
Metal (brass) insert fittings for
Polyethylene/ Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) and Cross-linked
Polyethylene/ Aluminum/Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX)
ASTM F 1974
Polybutylene (PB) plastic
CSAB137.8
Polyethylene (PE) plastic
ASTM D 2609; CSA B137.1
Polypropylene (PP) plastic pipe or tubing
ASTM F 2389; CSA B137.ll
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic
ASTM D 2464; ASTM D 2466; ASTM D 2467; CSA B 137.2
Stainless steel (Type 304/304L)
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
Stainless steel (Type 316/316L)
ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778
Steel
ASME B16.9; ASME B16.ll; ASME B 16.28
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
41
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
605.7 Valves. All valves shall be of an approved type and com-
patible with the type of piping material installed in the system.
Ball valves, gate valves, globe valves and plug valves intended
to supply drinking water shall meet the requirements of NSF
61.
605.8 Manufactured pipe nipples. Manufactured pipe nip-
ples shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605.8.
TABLE 605.8
MANUFACTURED PIPE NIPPLES
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Brass-, copper-, chromium-plated
ASTM B 687
Steel
ASTM A 733
605.9 Prohibited joints and connections. The following
types of joints and connections shall be prohibited:
1. Cement or concrete joints.
2. Joints made with fittings not approved for the specific
installation.
3. Solvent-cement joints between different types of plastic
pipe.
4. Saddle-type fittings.
605.10 ABS plastic. Joints between ABS plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 605.10.1 through 605.10.3.
605.10.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on water
pipes shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM D 3139. Mechanical joints shall only be installed in
underground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints
shall be installed only in accordance with the manufac-
turer's instructions.
605.10.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to
ASTM D 2235 shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The
joint shall be made while the cement is wet. Joints shall be
made in accordance with ASTM D 2235. Solvent-cement
joints shall be permitted above or below ground.
605.10.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1 .20. 1 . Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
605.11 Asbestos-cement. Joints between asbestos-cement
pipe or fittings shall be made with a sleeve coupling of the same
composition as the pipe, sealed with an elastomeric ring con-
forming to ASTM D 1869.
605.12 Brass. Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall com-
ply with Sections 605.12.1 through 605.12.4.
605.12.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5 . 8 .
605.12.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.12.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
605.12.4 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
605.13 Gray iron and ductile iron joints. Joints for gray and
ductile iron pipe and fittings shall comply with AWWA CI 1 1
and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions.
605.14 Copper pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy
pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections 605.14.1 through
605.14.5.
605.14.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5 . 8 .
605.14.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.14.3 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in
accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered
with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32. The joining of
water supply piping shall be made with lead-free solder and
fluxes. "Lead free" shall mean a chemical composition
equal to or less than 0.2-percent lead.
605.14.4 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
605.14.5 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
605.15 Copper tubing. Joints between copper or copper-alloy
tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections 605.15.1 through
605.15.4.
605.15.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5 .8 .
605.15.2 Flared joints. Flared joints for water pipe shall be
made by a tool designed for that operation.
605.15.3 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.15.4 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in
accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered
with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32. The joining of
water supply piping shall be made with lead-free solders
and fluxes. "Lead free" shall mean a chemical composition
equal to or less than 0.2-percent lead.
605.16 CPVC plastic. Joints between CPVC plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 605.16.1 through 605.16.3.
42
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
605.16.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.16.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture, and an approved primer shall be
applied. Solvent cement, orange in color and conforming to
ASTM F 493, shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint
shall be made while the cement is wet, and in accordance
with ASTM D 2846 or ASTM F 493. Solvent-cement joints
shall be permitted above or below ground.
Exception: A primer is not required where all of the fol-
lowing conditions apply:
1. The solvent cement used is third-party certified as
conforming to ASTM F 493.
2. The solvent cement used is yellow in color.
3. The solvent cement is used only for joining V 2 inch
(12.7 mm) through 2 inch (51 mm) diameter
CPVC pipe and fittings.
4. The CPVC pipe and fittings are manufactured in
accordance with ASTM D 2846.
605.16.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe, but the pressure rating of the pipe shall be
reduced by 50 percent. Thread by socket molded fittings
shall be permitted. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall
be applied on the male threads only.
605.17 Cross-linked polyethylene plastic. Joints between
cross-linked polyethylene plastic tubing or fittings shall com-
ply with Sections 605.17.1 and 605.17.2.
605.17.1 Flared joints. Flared pipe ends shall be made by a
tool designed for that operation.
605.17.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions. Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic
tubing as described in ASTM F 877, ASTM F 1807, ASTM
F 1960, and ASTM F 2080 shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
605.18 Steel. Joints between galvanized steel pipe or fittings
shall comply with Sections 605.18.1 and 605.18.2.
605.18.1 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
605.18.2 Mechanical joints. Joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.19 Polybutylene plastic. Joints between polybutylene
plastic pipe and tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections
605.19.1 through 605.19.3.
605.19.1 Flared joints. Flared pipe ends shall be made by a
tool designed for that operation.
605.19.2 Heat-fusion joints. Joints shall be of the
socket-fusion or butt-fusion type. Joint surfaces shall be
clean and free from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be
heated to melt temperature and joined. The joint shall be
undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance
with ASTM D 2657, ASTM D 3309 or CAN3-B137.8M.
605.19.3 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions. Metallic lock rings employed with insert fittings as
described in ASTM D 3309 or CAN3-B137.8M shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.20 Polyethylene plastic. Joints between polyethylene
plastic pipe and tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections
605.20.1 through 605.20.4.
605.20.1 Flared joints. Flared joints shall be permitted
where so indicated by the pipe manufacturer. Flared joints
shall be made by a tool designed for that operation.
605.20.2 Heat-fusion joints. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be heated to
melt temperature and joined. The joint shall be undisturbed
until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D
2657.
605.20.3 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.20.4 Installation. Polyethylene pipe shall be cut
square, with a cutter designed for plastic pipe. Except where
joined by heat fusion, pipe ends shall be chamfered to
remove sharp edges. Kinked pipe shall not be installed. The
minimum pipe bending radius shall not be less than 30 pipe
diameters, or the minimum coil radius, whichever is greater.
Piping shall not be bent beyond straightening of the curva-
ture of the coil. Bends shall not be permitted within 10 pipe
diameters of any fitting or valve. Stiffener inserts installed
with compression-type couplings and fittings shall not
extend beyond the clamp or nut of the coupling or fitting.
605.21 Polypropylene (PP) plastic. Joints between PP plastic
pipe and fittings shall comply with Section 605.21.1 or
605.21.2.
605.21.1 Heat-fusion joints. Heat-fusion joints for poly-
propylene pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with
socket-type heat-fused polypropylene fittings, butt-fusion
polypropylene fittings or electrofusion polypropylene fit-
tings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free from moisture.
The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be
made in accordance with ASTM F 2389.
605.21.2 Mechanical and compression sleeve joints.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
605.22 PVC plastic. Joints between PVC plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 605.22.1 through 605.22.3.
605.22.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on water
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM D 3139. Mechanical joints shall not be installed in
above-ground systems unless otherwise approved. Joints
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
43
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
605.22.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to
ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple in
color and conforming to ASTM D 2564 or CSA-B 137.3
shall be applied to all joint surfaces. The joint shall be made
while the cement is wet and shall be in accordance with
ASTM D 2855. Solvent-cement joints shall be permitted
above or below ground.
605.22.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe, but the pressure rating of the pipe shall be
reduced by 50 percent. Thread by socket molded fittings
shall be permitted. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall
be applied on the male threads only.
605.23 Stainless steel. Joints between stainless steel pipe and
fittings shall comply with Sections 605.23.1 and 605.23.2.
605.23.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
605.23.2 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded autogenously or with an approved
filler metal as referenced in ASTM A 312.
605.24 Joints between different materials. Joints between
different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical
joint of the compression or mechanical-sealing type, or as per-
mitted in Sections 605.24.1, 605.24.2 and 605.24.3. Connec-
tors or adapters shall have an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM D 1869 or ASTM F 477. Joints shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
605.24.1 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to galvanized
steel pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a brass fitting
or dielectric fitting. The copper tubing shall be soldered to
the fitting in an approved manner, and the fitting shall be
screwed to the threaded pipe.
605.24.2 Plastic pipe or tubing to other piping material.
Joints between different grades of plastic pipe or between
plastic pipe and other piping material shall be made with an
approved adapter fitting.
605.24.3 Stainless steel. Joints between stainless steel and
different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical
joint of the compression or mechanical sealing type or a
dielectric fitting.
SECTION 606
INSTALLATION OF THE BUILDING
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
606.1 Location of full-open valves. Full-open valves shall be
installed in the following locations:
1 . On the building water service pipe from the public water
supply near the curb.
2. On the water distribution supply pipe at the entrance into
the structure.
3. On the discharge side of every water meter.
4. On the base of every water riser pipe in occupancies
other than multiple-family residential occupancies that
are two stories or less in height and in one- and two-fam-
ily residential occupancies.
5 . On the top of every water down-feed pipe in occupancies
other than one- and two-family residential occupancies.
6. On the entrance to every water supply pipe to a dwelling
unit, except where supplying a single fixture equipped
with individual stops.
7. On the water supply pipe to a gravity or pressurized
water tank.
8. On the water supply pipe to every water heater.
606.2 Location of shutoff valves. Shutoff valves shall be
installed in the following locations:
1 . On the fixture supply to each plumbing fixture other than
bathtubs and showers in one- and two-family residential
occupancies, and other than in individual sleeping units
that are provided with unit shutoff valves in hotels,
motels, boarding houses and similar occupancies.
2. On the water supply pipe to each sillcock.
3. On the water supply pipe to each appliance or mechani-
cal equipment.
606.3 Access to valves. Access shall be provided to all
full-open valves and shutoff valves.
606.4 Valve identification. Service and hose bibb valves shall
be identified. All other valves installed in locations that are not
adjacent to the fixture or appliance shall be identified, indicat-
ing the fixture or appliance served.
606.5 Water pressure booster systems. Water pressure
booster systems shall be provided as required by Sections
606.5.1 through 606.5.10.
606.5.1 Water pressure booster systems required. Where
the water pressure in the public water main or individual
water supply system is insufficient to supply the minimum
pressures and quantities specified in this code, the supply
shall be supplemented by an elevated water tank, a
hydropneumatic pressure booster system or a water pres-
sure booster pump installed in accordance with Section
606.5.5.
606.5.2 Support. All water supply tanks shall be supported
in accordance with the International Building Code.
606.5.3 Covers. All water supply tanks shall be covered to
keep out unauthorized persons, dirt and vermin. The covers
of gravity tanks shall be vented with a return bend vent pipe
with an area not less than the area of the down-feed riser
pipe, and the vent shall be screened with a corrosion-resis-
tant screen of not less than 16 by 20 mesh per inch (630 by
787 mesh per m).
606.5.4 Overflows for water supply tanks. Each gravity or
suction water supply tank shall be provided with an over-
flow with a diameter not less than that shown in Table
606.5.4. The overflow outlet shall discharge at a point not
less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the roof or roof drain;
floor or floor drain; or over an open water-supplied fixture.
44
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
The overflow outlet shall be covered with a corrosion-resis-
tant screen of not less than 16 by 20 mesh per inch (630 by
787 mesh per m) and by 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) hardware cloth
or shall terminate in a horizontal angle seat check valve.
Drainage from overflow pipes shall be directed so as not to
freeze on roof walks.
TABLE 606.5.4
SIZES FOR OVERFLOW PIPES FOR WATER SUPPLY TANKS
MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF WATER
SUPPLY LINE TO TANK (gpm)
DIAMETER OF OVERFLOW PIPE
(inches)
0-50
2
50 - 150
2V 2
150 - 200
3
200 - 400
4
400-700
5
700-1,000
6
Over 1,000
8
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
606.5.5 Low-pressure cutoff required on booster pumps.
A low-pressure cutoff shall be installed on all booster
pumps in a water pressure booster system to prevent cre-
ation of a vacuum or negative pressure on the suction side of
the pump when a positive pressure of 10 psi (68.94 kPa) or
less occurs on the suction side of the pump.
606.5.6 Potable water inlet control and location. Potable
water inlets to gravity tanks shall be controlled by a fill valve
or other automatic supply valve installed so as to prevent the
tank from overflowing. The inlet shall be terminated so as to
provide an air gap not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the
overflow.
606.5.7 Tank drain pipes. A valved pipe shall be provided
at the lowest point of each tank to permit emptying of the
tank. The tank drain pipe shall discharge as required for
overflow pipes and shall not be smaller in size than specified
in Table 606.5.7.
TABLE 606.5.7
SIZE OF DRAIN PIPES FOR WATER TANKS
TANK CAPACITY (gallons)
DRAIN PIPE (inches)
Up to 750
1
751 to 1,500
1V 2
1,501 to 3,000
2
3,001 to 5,000
2V 2
5,000 to 7,500
3
Over 7,500
4
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
606.5.8 Prohibited location of potable supply tanks.
Potable water gravity tanks or manholes of potable water
pressure tanks shall not be located directly under any soil or
waste piping or any source of contamination.
606.5.9 Pressure tanks, vacuum relief. All water pressure
tanks shall be provided with a vacuum relief valve at the top
of the tank that will operate up to a maximum water pressure
of 200 psi (1380 kPa) and up to a maximum temperature of
200°F (93°C). The minimum size of such vacuum relief
valve shall be 0.50 inch (12.7 mm).
Exception: This section shall not apply to pressurized
captive air diaphragm/bladder tanks.
606.5.10 Pressure relief for tanks. Every pressure tank in a
hydropneumatic pressure booster system shall be protected
with a pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve shall
be set at a maximum pressure equal to the rating of the tank.
The relief valve shall be installed on the supply pipe to the
tank or on the tank. The relief valve shall discharge by grav-
ity to a safe place of disposal.
606.6 Water supply system test. Upon completion of a sec-
tion of or the entire water supply system, the system, or portion
completed, shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.
SECTION 607
HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
607.1 Where required. In residential occupancies, hot water
shall be supplied to all plumbing fixtures and equipment uti-
lized for bathing, washing, culinary purposes, cleansing, laun-
dry or building maintenance. In nonresidential occupancies,
hot water shall be supplied for culinary purposes, cleansing,
laundry or building maintenance purposes. In nonresidential
occupancies, hot water or tempered water shall be supplied for
bathing and washing purposes. Tempered water shall be sup-
plied through a water temperature limiting device that con-
forms to ASSE 1070 and shall limit the tempered water to a
maximum of 1 10°F (43°C). This provision shall not supersede
the requirement for protective shower valves in accordance
with Section 424.3.
607.2 Hot water supply temperature maintenance. Where
the developed length of hot water piping from the source of hot
water supply to the farthest fixture exceeds 100 feet (30 480
mm), the hot water supply system shall be provided with a
method of maintaining the temperature in accordance with the
International Energy Conservation Code.
607.2.1 Piping insulation. Circulating hot water system
piping shall be insulated in accordance with the Interna-
tional Energy Conservation Code.
[E] 607.2.2 Hot water system controls. Automatic circu-
lating hot water system pumps or heat trace shall be
arranged to be conveniently turned off, automatically or
manually, when the hot water system is not in operation.
607.2.3 Recirculating pump. Where a thermostatic mixing
valve is used in a system with a hot water recirculating
pump, the hot water or tempered water return line shall be
routed to the cold water inlet pipe of the water heater and the
cold water inlet pipe or the hot water return connection of
the thermostatic mixing valve.
607.3 Thermal expansion control. A means of controlling
increased pressure caused by thermal expansion shall be pro-
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
45
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
vided where required in accordance with Sections 607.3.1 and
607.3.2.
607.3.1 Pressure-reducing valve. For water service system
sizes up to and including 2 inches (5 1 mm), a device for con-
trolling pressure shall be installed where, because of ther-
mal expansion, the pressure on the downstream side of a
pressure-reducing valve exceeds the pressure-reducing
valve setting.
607.3.2 Backflow prevention device or check valve.
Where a backflow prevention device, check valve or other
device is installed on a water supply system utilizing storage
water heating equipment such that thermal expansion
causes an increase in pressure, a device for controlling pres-
sure shall be installed.
607.4 Flow of hot water to fixtures. Fixture fittings, faucets
and diverters shall be installed and adjusted so that the flow of
hot water from the fittings corresponds to the left-hand side of
the fixture fitting.
Exception: Shower and tub/shower mixing valves con-
forming to ASSE 1016 or CSA B 125, where the flow of hot
water corresponds to the markings on the device.
SECTION 608
PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY
608.1 General. A potable water supply system shall be
designed, installed and maintained in such a manner so as to
prevent contamination from nonpotable liquids, solids or gases
being introduced into the potable water supply through
cross-connections or any other piping connections to the sys-
tem. Backflow preventer applications shall conform to Table
608.1, except as specifically stated in Sections 608.2 through
608.16.10.
608.2 Plumbing fixtures. The supply lines and fittings for
every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to prevent
backflow. Plumbing fixture fittings shall provide backflow
protection in accordance with ASME Al 12.18.1.
608.3 Devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus.
All devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus intended
to serve some special function, such as sterilization, distilla-
tion, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods, and that
connect to the water supply system, shall be provided with pro-
tection against backflow and contamination of the water supply
system. Water pumps, filters, softeners, tanks and all other
appliances and devices that handle or treat potable water shall
be protected against contamination.
608.3.1 Special equipment, water supply protection. The
water supply for hospital fixtures shall be protected against
backflow with a reduced pressure principle backflow
preventer, an atmospheric or spill-proof vacuum breaker, or
an air gap. Vacuum breakers for bedpan washer hoses shall
not be located less than 5 feet (1524 mm) above the floor.
Vacuum breakers for hose connections in health care or lab-
oratory areas shall not be less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above
the floor.
608.4 Water service piping. Water service piping shall be pro-
tected in accordance with Sections 603.2 and 603.2.1.
608.5 Chemicals and other substances. Chemicals and other
substances that produce either toxic conditions, taste, odor or
discoloration in a potable water system shall not be introduced
into, or utilized in, such systems.
608.6 Cross-connection control. Cross connections shall be
prohibited, except where approved protective devices are
installed.
608.6.1 Private water supplies. Cross connections
between a private water supply and a potable public supply
shall be prohibited.
608.7 Stop-and-waste valves prohibited. Combination
stop-and-waste valves or cocks shall not be installed under-
ground.
608.8 Identification of potable and nonpotable water. In all
buildings where two or more water distribution systems, one
potable water and the other nonpotable water, are installed,
each system shall be identified either by color marking or metal
tags in accordance with Sections 608.8.1 through 608.8.3.
608.8.1 Information. Pipe identification shall include the
contents of the piping system and an arrow indicating the
direction of flow. Hazardous piping systems shall also con-
tain information addressing the nature of the hazard. Pipe
identification shall be repeated at maximum intervals of 25
feet (7620 mm) and at each point where the piping passes
through a wall, floor or roof. Lettering shall be readily
observable within the room or space where the piping is
located.
608.8.2 Color. The color of the pipe identification shall be
discernable and consistent throughout the building.
608.8.3 Size. The size of the background color field and let-
tering shall comply with Table 608.8.3.
TABLE 608.8.3
SIZE OF PIPE IDENTIFICATION
PIPE DIAMETER
(inches)
LENGTH BACKGROUND
COLOR FIELD
(inches)
SIZE OF
LETTERS
(inches)
3 / 4 tolV
8
0.5-
l7 2 to2
8
0.75
27, to 6
12
1.25
8 to 10
24
2.5
over 10
32
3.5
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
608.9 Reutilization prohibited. Water utilized for the cooling
of equipment or other processes shall not be returned to the
potable water system. Such water shall be discharged into a
drainage system through an air gap or shall be utilized for non-
potable purposes.
608.10 Reuse of piping. Piping that has been utilized for any
purpose other than conveying potable water shall not be uti-
lized for conveying potable water.
608.11 Painting of water tanks. The interior surface of a pota-
ble water tank shall not be lined, painted or repaired with any
material that changes the taste, odor, color or potability of the
water supply when the tank is placed in, or returned to, service.
46
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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TABLE 608.1
APPLICATION OF BACKFLOW PREVENTERS
DEVICE
DEGREE OF HAZARD 8
APPLICATION"
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
Air gap
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage or backpressure
ASMEA1 12.1.2
Air gap fittings for use with plumbing
fixtures, appliances and appurtenances
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage or backpressure
ASMEA112.1.3
Antisiphon-type fill valves for gravity
water closet flush tanks
High hazard
Backsiphonage only
ASSE1002,CSAB125
Backflow preventer for carbonated
beverage machines ,
Low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes 7 4 "- 3 / 8 "
ASSE1022,CSAB64.3.1
Backflow preventer with intermediate
atmospheric vents
Low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes V 4 " - 3 / 4 "
ASSE 1012, CSA B64.3
Barometric loop
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage only
(See Section 608.13.4)
Double check backflow prevention
assembly and double check fire
protection backflow prevention assembly
Low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes 3 / 8 " - 16"
ASSE 1015, AWWAC510,
CSAB64.5,CSAB64.5.1
Double check detector fire protection
backflow prevention assemblies
Low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
(Fire sprinkler systems)
Sizes 2" - 16"
ASSE 1048
Dual-check-valve-type backflow preventer
Low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes V 4 " - 1"
ASSE 1024, CSA B64.6
Hose connection backflow preventer
High or low hazard
Low head backpressure, rated
working pressure, backpressure or
backsiphonage
Sizes V 2 "-l"
ASSE 1052, CSA B64.2. 1.1
Hose connection vacuum breaker
High or low hazard
Low head backpressure or
backsiphonage
Sizes V 2 ", %", 1"
ASSE 1011, CSA B64.2,
CSAB64.2.1
Laboratory faucet backflow preventer
High or low hazard
Low head backpressure and
backsiphonage
ASSE 1035, CSA B64.7
Pipe-applied atmospheric-type vacuum
breaker
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage only
Sizes V 4 "- 4"
ASSE 1001, CSA B64.1.1
Pressure vacuum breaker assembly
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage only
Sizes 1 //' -2"
ASSE 1020, CSA B64. 1.2
Reduced pressure principle backflow
preventer and reduced pressure principle
fire protection backflow preventer
High or low hazard
Backpressure or backsiphonage
Sizes 3 / 8 "- 16"
ASSE 1013, AWWAC511,
CSAB64.4,CSAB64.4.1
Reduced pressure detector fire protection
backflow prevention assemblies
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage or backpressure
(Fire sprinkler systems)
ASSE 1047
Spillproof vacuum breaker
High or low hazard
Backsiphonage only
Sizes 1 / 4 "-2"
ASSE 1056
Vacuum breaker wall hydrants,
frost-resistant, automatic draining type
High or low hazard
Low head backpressure or
backsiphonage
Sizes 3 / 4 ", 1"
ASSE 1019, CSA B64.2.2
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
a. Low hazard-See Pollution (Section 202).
High hazard-See Contamination (Section 202).
b. See Backpressure (Section 202).
See Backpressure, low head (Section 202).
See Backsiphonage (Section 202).
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
608.12 Pumps and other appliances. Water pumps, filters,
softeners, tanks and all other devices that handle or treat pota-
ble water shall be protected against contamination.
608.13 Backflow protection. Means of protection against
backflow shall be provided in accordance with Sections
608.13.1 through 608.13.9.
608.13.1 Air gap. The minimum required air gap shall be
measured vertically from the lowest end of a potable water
outlet to the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle into
which such potable water outlet discharges. Air gaps shall
comply with ASME Al 12. 1 .2 and air gap fittings shall com-
ply with ASME Al 12. 1.3.
608.13.2 Reduced pressure principle backflow
preventers. Reduced pressure principle backflow
preventers shall conform to ASSE 1013, AWWA C511,
CSA B64.4 or CSA B64.4.1. Reduced pressure detector
assembly backflow preventers shall conform to ASSE 1047.
These devices shall be permitted to be installed where sub-
ject to continuous pressure conditions. The relief opening
shall discharge by air gap and shall be prevented from being
submerged.
608.13.3 Backflow preventer with intermediate atmo-
spheric vent. Backflow preventers with intermediate atmo-
spheric vents shall conform to ASSE 1012 or CSA B64.3.
These devices shall be permitted to be installed where sub-
ject to continuous pressure conditions. The relief opening
shall discharge by air gap and shall be prevented from being
submerged.
608.13.4 Barometric loop. Barometric loops shall precede
the point of connection and shall extend vertically to a
height of 35 feet (10 668 mm). A barometric loop shall only
be utilized as an atmospheric-type or pressure-type vacuum
breaker.
608.13.5 Pressure-type vacuum breakers. Pressure-type
vacuum breakers shall conform to ASSE 1020 or CSA
B64.1.2 and spillproof vacuum breakers shall comply with
ASSE 1056. These devices are designed for installation
under continuous pressure conditions when the critical level
is installed at the required height. Pressure-type vacuum
breakers shall not be installed in locations where spillage
could cause damage to the structure.
608.13.6 Atmospheric-type vacuum breakers. Pipe-
applied atmospheric-type vacuum breakers shall conform
to ASSE 1001 or CSA B64.1.1. Hose-connection vacuum
breakers shall conform to ASSE 1011, ASSE 1019, ASSE
1035, ASSE 1052, CSA B64.2, CSA B64.2.1, CSA
B64.2. 1.1, CSA B64.2.2 or CSA B64.7. These devices shall
operate under normal atmospheric pressure when the criti-
cal level is installed at the required height.
608.13.7 Double check-valve assemblies. Double check-
valve assemblies shall conform to ASSE 1015, CSA B64.5,
CSA B64.5.1 or AWWA C510. Double-detector
check- valve assemblies shall conform to ASSE 1048. These
devices shall be capable of operating under continuous pres-
sure conditions.
608.13.8 Spillproof vacuum breakers. Spillproof vacuum
breakers (SVB) shall conform to ASSE 1056. These devices
are designed for installation under continuous-pressure
conditions when the critical level is installed at the required
height.
608.13.9 Chemical dispenser backflow devices. Back-
flow devices for chemical dispensers shall comply with
ASSE 1055 or shall be equipped with an air gap fitting.
608.14 Location of backflow preventers. Access shall be pro-
vided to backflow preventers as specified by the installation
instructions of the approved manufacturer.
608.14.1 Outdoor enclosures for backflow prevention
devices. Outdoor enclosures for backflow prevention
devices shall comply with ASSE 1060.
608.15 Protection of potable water outlets. All potable water
openings and outlets shall be protected against backflow in
accordance with Section 608.15.1, 608.15.2, 608.15.3,
608.15.4, 608.15.4.1 or 608.15.4.2.
608.15.1 Protection by air gap. Openings and outlets shall
be protected by an air gap between the opening and the fix-
ture flood level rim as specified in Table 608. 1 5. 1 . Openings
and outlets equipped for hose connection shall be protected
by means other than an air gap.
608.15.2 Protection by a reduced pressure principle
backflow preventer. Openings and outlets shall be pro-
tected by a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer.
608.15.3 Protection by a backflow preventer with inter-
mediate atmospheric vent. Openings and outlets shall be
protected by a backflow preventer with an intermediate
atmospheric vent.
608.15.4 Protection by a vacuum breaker. Openings and
outlets shall be protected by atmospheric-type or pres-
sure-type vacuum breakers. The critical level of the vacuum
breaker shall be set a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above
the flood level rim of the fixture or device. Fill valves shall
be set in accordance with Section 425 .3 . 1 . Vacuum breakers
shall not be installed under exhaust hoods or similar loca-
tions that will contain toxic fumes or vapors. Pipe-applied
vacuum breakers shall be installed not less than 6 inches
(152 mm) above the flood level rim of the fixture, receptor
or device served.
608.15.4.1 Deck-mounted and integral vacuum
breakers. Approved deck-mounted or equip-
ment-mounted vacuum breakers and faucets with inte-
gral atmospheric or spillproof vacuum breakers shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions and the requirements for labeling with the critical
level not less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the flood level
rim.
608.15.4.2 Hose connections. Sillcocks, hose bibbs,
wall hydrants and other openings with a hose connection
shall be protected by an atmospheric-type or pres-
sure-type vacuum breaker or a permanently attached
hose connection vacuum breaker.
Exceptions:
1. This section shall not apply to water heater and
boiler drain valves that are provided with hose
48
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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TABLE 608.15.1
MINIMUM REQUIRED AIR GAPS
FIXTURE
MINIMUM AIR GAP
Away from a wall 3 (inches)
Close to a wall (inches)
Lavatories and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than V 2 inch
in diameter
1
1V 2
Sink, laundry trays, gooseneck back faucets and other fixtures with effective
openings not greater than 3 / 4 inch in diameter
1.5
2.5
Over-rim bath fillers and other fixtures with effective openings not greater
than 1 inch in diameter
2
3
Drinking water fountains, single orifice not greater than 7 / 16 inch in diameter
or multiple orifices with a total area of 0.150 square inch (area of circle 7 / 16
inch in diameter)
1
1V 2
Effective openings greater than 1 inch
Two times the diameter
of the effective opening
Three times the diameter
of the effective opening
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
a. Applicable where walls or obstructions are spaced from the nearest inside-edge of the spout opening a distance greater than three times the diameter of the effective
opening for a single wall, or a distance greater than four times the diameter of the effective opening for two intersecting walls.
connection threads and that are intended only for
tank or vessel draining.
2. This section shall not apply to water supply valves
intended for connection of clothes washing
machines where backflow prevention is otherwise
provided or is integral with the machine.
608.16 Connections to the potable water system. Connec-
tions to the potable water system shall conform to Sections
608.16.1 through 608.16.10.
608.16.1 Beverage dispensers. The water supply connec-
tion to beverage dispensers shall be protected against
backflow by a backflow preventer conforming to ASSE
1022, CSA B64.3.1 or by an air gap. The backflow
preventer device and the piping downstream therefrom shall
not be affected by carbon dioxide gas.
608.16.2 Connections to boilers. The potable supply to the
boiler shall be equipped with a backflow preventer with an
intermediate atmospheric vent complying with ASSE 1012
or CSA B64.3. Where conditioning chemicals are intro-
duced into the system, the potable water connection shall be
protected by an air gap or a reduced pressure principle
backflow preventer, complying with ASSE 1013, CSA
B64.4orAWWAC511.
608.16.3 Heat exchangers. Heat exchangers utilizing an
essentially toxic transfer fluid shall be separated from the
potable water by double- wall construction. An air gap open
to the atmosphere shall be provided between the two walls.
Heat exchangers utilizing an essentially nontoxic transfer
fluid shall be permitted to be of single-wall construction.
608.16.4 Connections to automatic fire sprinkler sys-
tems and standpipe systems. The potable water supply to
automatic fire sprinkler and standpipe systems shall be pro-
tected against backflow by a double check- valve assembly
or a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer.
Exceptions:
1. Where systems are installed as a portion of the
water distribution system in accordance with the
requirements of this code and are not provided
with a fire department connection, isolation of the
water supply system shall not be required.
2. Isolation of the water distribution system is not
required for deluge, preaction or dry pipe systems.
608.16.4.1 Additives or nonpotable source. Where
systems under continuous pressure contain chemical
additives or antifreeze, or where systems are connected
to a nonpotable secondary water supply, the potable
water supply shall be protected against backflow by a
reduced pressure principle backflow preventer. Where
chemical additives or antifreeze are added to only a por-
tion of an automatic fire sprinkler or standpipe system,
the reduced pressure principle backflow preventer shall
be permitted to be located so as to isolate that portion of
the system. Where systems are not under continuous
pressure, the potable water supply shall be protected
against backflow by an air gap or a pipe applied atmo-
spheric vacuum breaker conforming to ASSE 1001 or
CSAB64.1.1.
608.16.5 Connections to lawn irrigation systems. The
potable water supply to lawn irrigation systems shall be pro-
tected against backflow by an atmospheric-type vacuum
breaker, a pressure-type vacuum breaker or a reduced pres-
sure principle backflow preventer. A valve shall not be
installed downstream from an atmospheric vacuum breaker.
Where chemicals are introduced into the system, the potable
water supply shall be protected against backflow by a
reduced pressure principle backflow preventer.
608.16.6 Connections subject to backpressure. Where a
potable water connection is made to a nonpotable line, fix-
ture, tank, vat, pump or other equipment subject to
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
49
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
back-pressure, the potable water connection shall be pro-
tected by a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer.
608.16.7 Chemical dispensers. Where chemical dispens-
ers connect to the potable water distribution system, the
water supply system shall be protected against backflow in
accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.5,
608.13.6, 608.13.8 or 608.13.9.
608.16.8 Portable cleaning equipment. Where the porta-
ble cleaning equipment connects to the water distribution
system, the water supply system shall be protected against
backflow in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2,
608.13.3, 608.13.7 or 608.13.8.
608.16.9 Dental pump equipment. Where dental pumping
equipment connects to the water distribution system, the
water supply system shall be protected against backflow in
accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.5,
608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
608.16.10 Coffee machines and noncarbonated bever-
age dispensers. The water supply connection to coffee
machines and noncarbonated beverage dispensers shall be
protected against backflow by a backflow preventer con-
forming to ASSE 1022 or by an air gap.
608.17 Protection of individual water supplies. An individ-
ual water supply shall be located and constructed so as to be
safeguarded against contamination in accordance with Sec-
tions 608.17.1 through 608.17.8.
608.17.1 Well locations. A potable ground water source or
pump suction line shall not be located closer to potential
sources of contamination than the distances shown in Table
608. 17. 1 . In the event the underlying rock structure is lime-
stone or fragmented shale, the local or state health depart-
ment shall be consulted on well site location. The distances
in Table 608.17.1 constitute minimum separation and shall
be increased in areas of creviced rock or limestone, or where
the direction of movement of the ground water is from
sources of contamination toward the well.
TABLE 608.17.1
DISTANCE FROM CONTAMINATION TO
PRIVATE WATER SUPPLIES AND PUMP SUCTION LINES
SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION
DISTANCE (feet)
Barnyard
100
Farm silo
25
Pasture
100
Pumphouse floor drain of cast iron draining
to ground surface
2
Seepage pits
50
Septic tank
25
Sewer
10
Subsurface disposal fields
50
Subsurface pits
50
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
608.17.2 Elevation. Well sites shall be positively drained
and shall be at higher elevations than potential sources of
contamination.
608.17.3 Depth. Private potable well supplies shall not be
developed from a water table less than 10 feet (3048 mm)
below the ground surface.
608.17.4 Water-tight casings. Each well shall be provided
with a water-tight casing to a minimum distance of 10 feet
(3048 mm) below the ground surface. All casings shall
extend at least 6 inches (152 mm) above the well platform.
The casing shall be large enough to permit installation of a
separate drop pipe. Casings shall be sealed at the bottom in
an impermeable stratum or extend several feet into the
water-bearing stratum.
608.17.5 Drilled or driven well casings. Drilled or driven
well casings shall be of steel or other approved material.
Where drilled wells extend into a rock formation, the well
casing shall extend to and set firmly in the formation. The
annular space between the earth and the outside of the cas-
ing shall be filled with cement grout to a minimum distance
of 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground surface. In an
instance of casing to rock installation, the grout shall extend
to the rock surface.
608.17.6 Dug or bored well casings. Dug or bored well
casings shall be of water-tight concrete, tile, or galvanized
or corrugated metal pipe to a minimum distance of 10 feet
(3048 mm) below the ground surface. Where the water table
is more than 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground surface,
the water-tight casing shall extend below the table surface.
Well casings for dug wells or bored wells constructed with
sections of concrete, tile, or galvanized or corrugated metal
pipe shall be surrounded by 6 inches (152 mm) of grout
poured into the hole between the outside of the casing and
the ground to a minimum depth of 10 feet (3048 mm).
608.17.7 Cover. Every potable water well shall be equipped
with an overlapping water-tight cover at the top of the well
casing or pipe sleeve such that contaminated water or other
substances are prevented from entering the well through the
annular opening at the top of the well casing, wall or pipe
sleeve. Covers shall extend downward at least 2 inches (5 1
mm) over the outside of the well casing or wall. A dug well
cover shall be provided with a pipe sleeve permitting the
withdrawal of the pump suction pipe, cylinder or jet body
without disturbing the cover. Where pump sections or dis-
charge pipes enter or leave a well through the side of the cas-
ing, the circle of contact shall be water tight.
608.17.8 Drainage. All potable water wells and springs
shall be constructed such that surface drainage will be
diverted away from the well or spring.
SECTION 609
HEALTH CARE PLUMBING
609.1 Scope. This section shall govern those aspects of health
care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in
other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform
to the requirements of this section in addition to the other
requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall
apply to the special devices and equipment installed and main-
tained in the following occupancies: nursing homes, homes for
the aged, orphanages, infirmaries, first aid stations, psychiatric
50
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
facilities, clinics, professional offices of dentists and doctors,
mortuaries, educational facilities, surgery, dentistry, research
and testing laboratories, establishments manufacturing phar-
maceutical drugs and medicines, and other structures with sim-
ilar apparatus and equipment classified as plumbing.
609.2 Water service. All hospitals shall have two water service
pipes installed in such a manner so as to minimize the potential
for an interruption of the supply of water in the event of a water
main or water service pipe failure.
609.3 Hot water. Hot water shall be provided to supply all of
the hospital fixture, kitchen and laundry requirements. Special
fixtures and equipment shall have hot water supplied at a tem-
perature specified by the manufacturer. The hot water system
shall be installed in accordance with Section 607.
609.4 Vacuum breaker installation. Vacuum breakers shall
be installed a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood
level rim of the fixture or device in accordance with Section
608. The flood level rim of hose connections shall be the maxi-
mum height at which any hose is utilized.
609.5 Prohibited water closet and clinical sink supply. Jet-
or water-supplied orifices, except those supplied by the flush
connections, shall not be located in or connected with a water
closet bowl or clinical sink. This section shall not prohibit an
approved bidet installation.
609.6 Clinical, hydrotherapeutic and radiological equip-
ment. All clinical, hydrotherapeutic, radiological or any equip-
ment that is supplied with water or that discharges to the waste
system shall conform to the requirements of this section and
Section 608.
609.7 Condensate drain trap seal. A water supply shall be
provided for cleaning, flushing and resealing the condensate
trap, and the trap shall discharge through an air gap in accor-
dance with Section 608.
609.8 Valve leakage diverter. Each water sterilizer filled with
water through directly connected piping shall be equipped with
an approved leakage diverter or bleed line on the water supply
control valve to indicate and conduct any leakage of unsterile
water away from the sterile zone.
SECTION 610
DISINFECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEM
610.1 General. New or repaired potable water systems shall be
purged of deleterious matter and disinfected prior to utiliza-
tion. The method to be followed shall be that prescribed by the
health authority or water purveyor having jurisdiction or, in the
absence of a prescribed method, the procedure described in
either AWWA C651 or AWWA C652, or as described in this
section. This requirement shall apply to "on-site" or "in-plant"
fabrication of a system or to a modular portion of a system.
1. The pipe system shall be flushed with clean, potable
water until dirty water does not appear at the points of
outlet.
2. The system or part thereof shall be filled with a
water/chlorine solution containing at least 50 parts per
million (50 mg/L) of chlorine, and the system or part
thereof shall be valved off and allowed to stand for 24
hours; or the system or part thereof shall be filled with a
water/chlorine solution containing at least 200 parts per
million (200 mg/L) of chlorine and allowed to stand for 3
hours.
3 . Following the required standing time, the system shall be
flushed with clean potable water until the chlorine is
purged from the system.
4. The procedure shall be repeated where shown by a bacte-
riological examination that contamination remains pres-
ent in the system.
SECTION 611
DRINKING WATER TREATMENT UNITS
611.1 Design. Drinking water treatment units shall meet the
requirements of NSF 42, NSF 44, NSF 53 or NSF 62.
611.2 Reverse osmosis systems. The discharge from a reverse
osmosis drinking water treatment unit shall enter the drainage
system through an air gap or an air gap device that meets the
requirements of NSF 58.
611.3 Connection tubing. The tubing to and from drinking
water treatment units shall be of a size and material as recom-
mended by the manufacturer. The tubing shall comply with
NSF 14, NSF 42, NSF 44, NSF 53, NSF 58 or NSF 61.
SECTION 612
SOLAR SYSTEMS
612.1 Solar systems. The construction, installation, alterations
and repair of systems, equipment and appliances intended to
utilize solar energy for space heating or cooling, domestic hot
water heating, swimming pool heating or process heating shall
be in accordance with the International Mechanical Code.
SECTION 613
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
DEVICES AND VALVES
613.1 Temperature-actuated mixing valves. Temperature-
actuated mixing valves, which are installed to reduce water
temperatures to defined limits, shall comply with ASSE 1017.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
51
52 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE"
CHAPTER 7
SANITARY DRAINAGE
SECTION 701
GENERAL
701.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of sanitary
drainage systems.
701.2 Sewer required. Every building in which plumbing fix-
tures are installed and all premises having drainage piping shall
be connected to a public sewer, where available, or an approved
private sewage disposal system in accordance with the Interna-
tional Private Sewage Disposal Code.
701.3 Separate sewer connection. Every building having
plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation,
occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley or
easement in which there is a public sewer shall have a separate
connection with the sewer. Where located on the same lot, mul-
tiple buildings shall not be prohibited from connecting to a
common building sewer that connects to the public sewer.
701.4 Sewage treatment. Sewage or other waste from a
plumbing system that is deleterious to surface or subsurface
waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any
waterway unless it has first been rendered innocuous through
subjection to an approved form of treatment.
701.5 Damage to drainage system or public sewer. Wastes
detrimental to the public sewer system or to the functioning of
the sewage-treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of in
accordance with Section 1003 as directed by the code official.
701.6 Tests. The sanitary drainage system shall be tested in
accordance with Section 312.
701.7 Connections. Direct connection of a steam exhaust,
blowoff or drip pipe shall not be made with the building drain-
age system. Wastewater when discharged into the building
drainage system shall be at a temperature not higher than 140°F
(60°C). When higher temperatures exist, approved cooling
methods shall be provided.
701.8 Engineered systems. Engineered sanitary drainage sys-
tems shall conform to the provisions of Sections 1 05 .4 and 714.
701.9 Drainage piping in food service areas. Exposed soil or
waste piping shall not be installed above any working, storage
or eating surfaces in food service establishments.
SECTION 702
MATERIALS
702.1 Above-ground sanitary drainage and vent pipe.
Above-ground soil, waste and vent pipe shall conform to one of
the standards listed in Table 702.1.
702.2 Underground building sanitary drainage and vent
pipe. Underground building sanitary drainage and vent pipe
shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 702.2.
TABLE 702.1
ABOVE-GROUND DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628;
CSAB181.1
Brass pipe
ASTM B 43
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301
Coextruded composite ABS
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid)
ASTMF 1488
Coextruded composite ABS
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(cellular core)
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite PVC
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid)
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite PVC
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(cellular core)
ASTM F 891; ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite PVC
IPS-DR, PS 140, PS200DWV
ASTM F 1488
Copper or copper-alloy pipe
ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(TypeK,L,MorDWV)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306
Galvanized steel pipe
ASTM A 53
Glass pipe
ASTM C 1053
Polyolefin pipe
CSAB181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe (Type DWV)
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 2949;
ASTMF1488;CSAB181.2
Stainless steel drainage
systems, Types 304 and 316L
ASMEA1 12.3.1
702.3 Building sewer pipe. Building sewer pipe shall conform
to one of the standards listed in Table 702.3.
702.4 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
with the piping material installed and shall conform to the
respective pipe standards or one of the standards listed in Table
702.4.
702.5 Chemical waste system. A chemical waste system shall
be completely separated from the sanitary drainage system.
The chemical waste shall be treated in accordance with Section
803.2 before discharging to the sanitary drainage system. Sep-
arate drainage systems for chemical wastes and vent pipes shall
be of an approved material that is resistant to corrosion and
degradation for the concentrations of chemicals involved.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
53
SANITARY DRAINAGE
TABLE 702.2
UNDERGROUND BUILDING DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPE
TABLE 702.3
BUILDING SEWER PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2661; ASTM F 628;
CSAB181.1
Asbestos-cement pipe
ASTM C 428
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301
Coextruded composite ABS
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid)
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite ABS
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(cellular core)
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite PVC
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid)
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite PVC
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(cellular core)
ASTM F 891; ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite PVC
IPS-DR,PS140,PS200
DWV
ASTM F 1488
Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(TypeK,L,MorDWV)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306
Polyolefin pipe
ASTM F 1412; CSAB181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe (Type DWV)
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 2949;
CSAB181.2
Stainless steel drainage
systems, Type 316L
ASMEA1 12.3.1
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 2751;
ASTM F 628
Asbestos-cement pipe
ASTM C 428
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301
Coextruded composite ABS
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid)
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite ABS
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(cellular core)
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite PVC
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid)
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite PVC
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(cellular core)
ASTM F 891; ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite
PVCIPS-DR,PS140,
PS200, DWV
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite ABS
sewer and drain DR-PS in
PS35,PS50,PS100,PS140,
PS200
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded composite PVC
sewer and drain DR-PS in
PS35,PS50,PS100,PS140,
PS200
ASTM F 1488
Coextruded PVC sewer and
drain PS25, PS50, PS 100
(cellular core)
ASTM F 891
Concrete pipe
ASTM C14; ASTM C76; CSA
A257.1M; CSA A257.2M
Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(Type K or L)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM
B251
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
(SDR-PR)
ASTM F 714
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe (Type DWV,
SDR26, SDR35, SDR41,
PS50orPS100)
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 2949;
ASTMD 3034; CSA B 182.2;
CSA B 182.4
Stainless steel drainage
systems, Types 304 and 316L
ASMEA112.3.1
Vitrified clay pipe
ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700
54
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
SANITARY DRAINAGE
TABLE 702.4
PIPE FITTINGS
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 3311;
CSAB181.1
Cast iron
ASME B 16.4; ASME B 16.12;
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301
Coextruded composite ABS
DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid or cellular core)
ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 3311;
ASTM F 628
Coextruded composite PVC
DWV schedule 40 IPS-DR,
PS140,PS200 (solid or
cellular core)
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 33 1 1 ;
ASTM F 891
Coextruded composite ABS
sewer and drain DR-PS in
PS35,PS50,PS100,PS140,
PS200
ASTM D 2751
Coextruded composite PVC
sewer and drain DR-PS in
PS35,PS50,PS100,PS140,
PS200
ASTM D 3034
Copper or copper alloy
ASMEB 16.15; ASME B 16.18;
ASME B 16.22; ASME B 16.23;
ASME B 16.26; ASME B 16.29
Glass
ASTM C 1053
Gray iron and ductile iron
AWWAC110
Malleable iron
ASME B 16.3
Polyolefin
ASTM F 1412; CSA.B181.3
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3311;
ASTM F 1866
Stainless steel drainage
systems, Types 304 and
316L
ASME A 112.3.1
Steel
ASME B 16.9; ASME B16.ll;
ASMEB16.28
702.6 Lead bends and traps. Lead bends and traps shall not be
less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) wall thickness.
SECTION 703
BUILDING SEWER
703.1 Building sewer pipe near the water service. Where the
building sewer is installed within 5 feet ( 1 524 mm) of the water
I service, the installation shall comply with the provisions of
Section 603.2.
703.2 Drainage pipe in filled ground. Where a building sewer
or building drain is installed on filled or unstable ground, the
drainage pipe shall conform to one of the standards for ABS
plastic pipe, cast-iron pipe, copper or copper-alloy tubing, or
PVC plastic pipe listed in Table 702.3.
703.3 Sanitary and storm sewers. Where separate systems of
sanitary drainage and storm drainage are installed in the same
property, the sanitary and storm building sewers or drains shall
be permitted to be laid side by side in one trench.
703.4 Existing building sewers and drains. Existing building
sewers and drains shall connect with new building sewer and
drainage systems only where found by examination and test to
conform to the new system in quality of material. The code offi-
cial shall notify the owner to make the changes necessary to
conform to this code.
703.5 Cleanouts on building sewers. Cleanouts on building
sewers shall be located as set forth in Section 708.
SECTION 704
DRAINAGE PIPING INSTALLATION
704.1 Slope of horizontal drainage piping. Horizontal drain-
age piping shall be installed in uniform alignment at uniform
slopes. The minimum slope of a horizontal drainage pipe shall
be in accordance with Table 704.1.
TABLE 704.1
SLOPE OF HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPE
SIZE
(inches)
MINIMUM SLOPE
(inch per foot)
2V 2 or less
l u
3 to 6
v.
8 or larger
v 16
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 inch per foot = 0.083.3 mm/m.
704.2 Change in size. The size of the drainage piping shall not
be reduced in size in the direction of the flow. A 4-inch by
3-inch (102 mm by 76 mm) water closet connection shall not be
considered as a reduction in size.
704.3 Connections to offsets and bases of stacks. Horizontal
branches shall connect to the bases of stacks at a point located
not less than 10 times the diameter of the drainage stack down-
stream from the stack. Except as prohibited by Section 71 1.2,
horizontal branches shall connect to horizontal stack offsets at
a point located not less than 10 times the diameter of the drain-
age stack downstream from the upper stack.
704.4 Future fixtures. Drainage piping for future fixtures
shall terminate with an approved cap or plug.
704.5 Dead ends. In the installation or removal of any part of a
drainage system, dead ends shall be prohibited. Cleanout
extensions and approved future fixture drainage piping shall
not be considered as dead ends.
SECTION 705
JOINTS
705.1 General. This section contains provisions applicable to
joints specific to sanitary drainage piping.
705.2 ABS plastic. Joints between ABS plastic pipe or fittings
shall comply with Sections 705.2.1 through 705.2.3.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
55
SANITARY DRAINAGE
705.2.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipes shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical
joints shall be installed only in underground systems unless
otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
705.2.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to
ASTM D 2235 or CSA B 181.1 shall be applied to all joint
surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet.
Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 2235,
ASTM D 2661, ASTM F 628 or CSA B181.1. Sol-
vent-cement joints shall be permitted above or below
ground.
705.2.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME
B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be permitted to
be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe.
Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be applied on the
male threads only.
705.3 Asbestos cement. Joints between asbestos-cement pipe
or fittings shall be made with a sleeve coupling of the same
composition as the pipe, sealed with an elastomeric ring con-
forming to ASTM D 1869.
705.4 Brass. Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall comply
with Sections 705.4. 1 through 705.4.4.
705.4.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5 . 8 .
705.4.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
705.4.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME
B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on
the male threads only.
705.4.4 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
705.5 Cast iron. Joints between cast-iron pipe or fittings shall
comply with Sections 705.5.1 through 705.5.3.
705.5.1 Caulked joints. Joints for hub and spigot pipe shall
be firmly packed with oakum or hemp. Molten lead shall be
poured in one operation to a depth of not less than 1 inch (25
mm). The lead shall not recede more than 0.125 inch (3.2
mm) below the rim of the hub and shall be caulked tight.
Paint, varnish or other coatings shall not be permitted on the
jointing material until after the joint has been tested and
approved. Lead shall be run in one pouring and shall be
caulked tight. Acid-resistant rope and acidproof cement
shall be permitted.
705.5.2 Compression gasket joints. Compression gaskets
for hub and spigot pipe and fittings shall conform to. ASTM
C 564 and shall be tested to ASTM C 1563. Gaskets shall be
compressed when the pipe is fully inserted.
705.5.3 Mechanical joint coupling. Mechanical joint cou-
plings for hubless pipe and fittings shall comply with CISPI
310, ASTM C 1277 or ASTM C 1 540. The elastomeric seal-
ing sleeve shall conform to ASTM C 564 or CSA B602 and
shall be provided with a center stop. Mechanical joint cou-
plings shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer's installation instructions.
705.6 Concrete joints. Joints between concrete pipe and fit-
tings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 443, ASTM C 1 173, CSA A257.3M or CSA B602.
705.7 Coextruded composite ABS pipe, joints. Joints
between coextruded composite pipe with an ABS outer layer or
ABS fittings shall comply with Sections 705.7.1 and 705.7.2.
705.7.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM CI 173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical
joints shall not be installed in above-ground systems, unless
otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
705.7.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. Solvent cement that conforms to
ASTM D 2235 or CSA B 181.1 shall be applied to all joint
surfaces. The joint shall be made while the cement is wet.
Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 2235,
ASTM D 2661, ASTM F 628 or CSA B 181.1. Sol-
vent-cement joints shall be permitted aboVe or below
ground.
705.8 Coextruded composite PVC pipe. Joints between
coextruded composite pipe with a PVC outer layer or PVC fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 705.8.1 and 705.8.2.
705.8.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM D 3212. Mechanical joints shall riot be installed in
above-ground systems, unless otherwise approved. Joints
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
705.8.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to
ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple in
color and conforming to ASTM D 2564, CSA B 137.3, CSA
B 1 8 1 .2 or CSA B 1 82. 1 shall be applied to all joint surfaces.
The joint shall be made while the cement is wet and shall be
in accordance with ASTM D 2855. Solvent-cement joints
shall be permitted above or below ground.
705.9 Copper pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy
pipe or fittings shall comply with Sections 705.9.1 through
705.9.5. .
705.9.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5 . 8 .
705.9.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions. '
56
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE*
SANITARY DRAINAGE
705.9.3 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in
accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered
with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32.
705.9.4 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME
B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on
the male threads only.
705.9.5 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
The joint shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
705.10 Copper tubing. Joints between copper or copper-alloy
tubing or fittings shall comply with Sections 705.10.1 through
705.10.3.
705.10.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8.
705.10.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
705.10.3 Soldered joints. Solder joints shall be made in
accordance with the methods of ASTM B 828. All cut tube
ends shall be reamed to the full inside diameter of the tube
end. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming
to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered
with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32.
705.11 Borosilicate glass joints. Glass-to-glass connections
shall be made with a bolted compression-type stainless steel
(300 series) coupling with contoured acid-resistant elastomeric
compression ring and a fluorocarbon polymer inner seal ring;
or with cauiked joints in accordance with Section 705.11.1.
705.11.1 Caulked joints. Every lead-caulked joint for hub
and spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or
hemp and filled with molten lead not less than 1 inch (25
mm) deep and not to extend more than 0. 125 inch (3.2 mm)
below the rim of the hub. Paint, varnish or other coatings
shall not be permitted on the jointing material until after the
joint has been tested and approved. Lead shall be run in one
pouring and shall be caulked tight. Acid-resistant rope and
acidproof cement shall be permitted.
705.12 Steel. Joints between galvanized steel pipe or fittings
shall comply with Sections 705.12.1 and 705.12.2.
705.12.1 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
705.12.2 Mechanical joints. Joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc-
tions.
705.13 Lead. Joints between lead pipe or fittings shall comply
with Sections 705.13.1 and 705.13.2.
705.13.1 Burned. Burned joints shall be uniformly fused
together into one continuous piece. The thickness of the
joint shall be at least as thick as the lead being joined. The
filler metal shall be of the same material as the pipe.
705.13.2 Wiped. Joints shall be fully wiped, with an
exposed surface on each side of the joint not less than 0.75
inch (19.1 mm). The joint shall be at least 0.325 inch (9.5
mm) thick at the thickest point.
705.14 PVC plastic. Joints between PVC plastic pipe or fit-
tings shall comply with Sections 705.14.1 through 705.14.3.
705.14.1 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints on drainage
pipe shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 1 173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical
joints shall not be installed in above-ground systems, unless
otherwise approved. Joints shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
705.14.2 Solvent cementing. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. A purple primer that conforms to
ASTM F 656 shall be applied. Solvent cement not purple in
color and conforming to ASTM D 2564, CSA B 137.3, CSA
B 18 1.2 or CSA B 182.1 shall be applied to all joint surfaces.
The joint shall be made while the cement is wet and shall be
in accordance with ASTM D 2855. Solvent-cement joints
shall be permitted above or below ground.
705.14.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to
ASME B 1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier pipe shall be per-
mitted to be threaded with dies specifically designed for
plastic pipe. Approved thread lubricant or tape shall be
applied on the male threads only.
705.15 Vitrified clay. Joints between vitrified clay pipe or fit-
tings shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 425, ASTM C 1 173 or CSA B602.
705.16 Polyethylene plastic pipe. Joints between polyethyl-
ene plastic pipe and fittings shall be underground and shall
comply with Section 705.16.1 or 705.16.2.
705.16.1 Heat-fusion joints. Joint surfaces shall be clean
and free from moisture. All joint surfaces shall be cut,
heated to melting temperature and joined using tools specif-
ically designed for the operation. Joints shall be undisturbed
until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D
2657 and the manufacturer's instructions.
705.16.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints in drainage
piping shall be made with an elastomeric seal conforming to
ASTM C 1173, ASTM D 3212 or CSA B602. Mechanical
joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer's instructions.
705.17 Polyolefin plastic. Joints between polyolefin plastic
pipe and fittings shall comply with Sections 705.17.1 and
705.17.2.
705.17.1 Heat-fusion joints. Heat-fusion joints for
polyolefin pipe and tubing joints shall be installed with
socket-type heat-fused polyolefin fittings or electrofusion
polyolefin fittings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free
from moisture. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool.
Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM F 1412 or
CSAB181.3.
705.17.2 Mechanical and compression sleeve joints.
Mechanical and compression sleeve joints shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
57
SANITARY DRAINAGE
705.18 Joints between different materials. Joints between
different piping materials shall be made with a mechanical
joint of the compression or mechanical-sealing type conform-
ing to ASTM C 1173, ASTM C 1460 or ASTM C 1461. Con-
nectors and adapters shall be approved for the application and
such joints shall have an elastomeric seal conforming to ASTM
C 425, ASTM C 443, ASTM C 564, ASTM C 1440, ASTM D
1869, ASTM F 477, CSA A257.3M or CSA B602, or as
required in Sections 705.18.1 through 705.18.7. Joints
between glass pipe and other types of materials shall be made
with adapters having a TFE seal. Joints shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
705.18.1 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to cast-iron hub
pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing and
cast-iron hub pipe shall be made with a brass ferrule or com-
pression joint. The copper or copper-alloy tubing shall be
soldered to the ferrule in an approved manner, and the fer-
rule shall be joined to the cast-iron hub by a caulked joint or
a mechanical compression joint.
705.18.2 Copper or copper-alloy tubing to galvanized
steel pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing
and galvanized steel pipe shall be made with a brass con-
verter fitting or dielectric fitting. The copper tubing shall be
soldered to the fitting in an approved manner, and the fitting
shall be screwed to the threaded pipe.
705.18.3 Cast-iron pipe to galvanized steel or brass pipe.
Joints between cast-iron and galvanized steel or brass pipe
. shall be made by either caulked or threaded joints or with an
approved adapter fitting.
705.18.4 Plastic pipe or tubing to other piping material.
Joints between different types of plastic pipe or between
plastic pipe and other piping material shall be made with an
approved adapter fitting. Joints between plastic pipe and
cast-iron hub pipe shall be made by a caulked joint or a
mechanical compression joint.
705.18.5 Lead pipe to other piping material. Joints
between lead pipe and other piping material shall be made
by a wiped joint to a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, or
bushing or shall be made with an approved adapter fitting.
705.18.6 Borosilicate glass to other materials. Joints
between glass pipe and other types of materials shall be
made with adapters having a TFE seal and shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
705.18.7 Stainless steel drainage systems to other mate-
rials. Joints between stainless steel drainage systems and
other piping materials shall be made with approved
mechanical couplings.
705.19 Drainage slip joints. Slip joints shall comply with Sec-
tion 405.8.
705.20 Caulking ferrules. Ferrules shall be of red brass and
shall be in accordance with Table 705.20.
TABLE 705.20
CAULKING FERRULE SPECIFICATIONS
PIPE SIZES
(inches)
INSIDE DIAMETER
(inches)
LENGTH
(inches)
MINIMUM WEIGHT EACH
2
91/
L 4
4V 2
1 pound
3
3V 4
4V 2
1 pound 12 ounces
4
4V 4
4V 2
2 pounds 8 ounces
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
705.21 Soldering bushings. Soldering bushings shall be of red
brass and shall be in accordance with Table 705.21.
TABLE 705.21
SOLDERING BUSHING SPECIFICATIONS
PIPE SIZES
(inches)
MINIMUM WEIGHT
EACH
1V 4
6 ounces
iv 2
8 ounces
2
14 ounces
2V 2
1 pound 6 ounces
3
2 pounds
4
3 pounds 8 ounces
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 ounce = 28.35 g, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
705.22 Stainless steel drainage systems. O-ring joints for
stainless steel drainage systems shall be made with an
approved elastomeric seal.
SECTION 706
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DRAINAGE
PIPING AND FITTINGS
706.1 Connections and changes in direction. All connections
and changes in direction of the sanitary drainage system shall
be made with approved drainage fittings. Connections between
drainage piping and fixtures shall conform to Section 405.
706.2 Obstructions. The fittings shall not have ledges, shoul-
ders or reductions capable of retarding or obstructing flow in
the piping. Threaded drainage pipe fittings shall be of the
recessed drainage type.
706.3 Installation of fittings. Fittings shall be installed to
guide sewage and waste in the direction of flow. Change in
direction shall be made by fittings installed in accordance with
Table 706.3. Change in direction by combination fittings, side
inlets or increasers shall be installed in accordance with Table
706.3 based on the pattern of flow created by the fitting. Dou-
ble sanitary tee patterns shall not receive the discharge of
back-to-back water closets and fixtures or appliances with
pumping action discharge.
58
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
SANITARY DRAINAGE
Exception: Back-to-back water closet connections to dou-
ble sanitary tees shall be permitted where the horizontal
developed length between the outlet of the water closet and
the connection to the double sanitary tee pattern is 1 8 inches
(457 mm) or greater.
TABLE 706.3
FITTINGS FOR CHANGE IN DIRECTION
TYPE OF FITTING
PATTERN
CHANGE IN DIRECTION
Horizontal to
vertical
Vertical to
horizontal
Horizontal to
horizontal
Sixteenth bend
X
X
X
Eighth bend
X
X
X
Sixth bend
X
X
X
Quarter bend
X
X a
X a
Short sweep
X
X a,b
x a
Long sweep
X
X
X
Sanitary tee
X c
—
—
Wye
X
X
X
Combination wye
and eighth bend
X
X
X
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
a. The fittings shall only be permitted for a 2-inch or smaller fixture drain.
b. Three inches or larger.
c. For a limitation on double sanitary tees, see Section 706.3.
706.4 Heel- or side-inlet quarter bends. Heel-inlet quarter
bends shall be an acceptable means of connection, except
where the quarter bend serves a water closet. A low-heel inlet
shall not be used as a wet- vented connection. Side-inlet quarter
bends shall be an acceptable means of connection for drainage,
wet venting and stack venting arrangements.
SECTION 707
PROHIBITED JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
707.1 Prohibited joints. The following types of joints and
connections shall be prohibited:
1 . Cement or concrete joints.
2. Mastic or hot-pour bituminous joints.
3. Joints made with fittings not approved for the specific
installation.
4. Joints between different diameter pipes made with
elastomeric rolling O-rings.
5. Solvent-cement joints between different types of plastic
pipe.
6. Saddle-type fittings.
SECTION 708
CLEANOUTS
708.1 Scope. This section shall govern the size, location,
installation and maintenance of drainage pipe cleanouts.
708.2 Cleanout plugs. Cleanout plugs shall be brass or plastic,
or other approved materials. Brass cleanout plugs shall be uti-
lized with metallic drain, waste and vent piping only, and shall
conform to ASTM A 74, ASME Al 12.3.1 or ASME
Al 12.36.2M. Cleanouts with plate-style access covers shall be
fitted with corrosion-resisting fasteners. Plastic cleanout plugs
shall conform to the requirements of Section 702.4. Plugs shall
have raised square or countersunk square heads. Countersunk
heads shall be installed where raised heads are a trip hazard.
Cleanout plugs with borosilicate glass systems shall be of
borosilicate glass.
708.3 Where required. Cleanouts shall be located in accor-
dance with Sections 708.3.1 through 708.3.6.
708.3.1 Horizontal drains within buildings. All horizon-
tal drains shall be provided with cleanouts located not more
than 100 feet (30 480 mm) apart.
708.3.2 Building sewers. Building sewers shall be pro-
vided with cleanouts located not more than 100 feet (30 480
mm) apart measured from the upstream entrance of the
cleanout. For building sewers 8 inches (203 mm) and larger,
manholes shall be provided and located not more than 200
feet (60 960 mm) from the junction of the building drain and
building sewer, at each change in direction and at intervals
of not more than 400 feet (122 m) apart. Manholes and man-
hole covers shall be of an approved type.
708.3.3 Changes of direction. Cleanouts shall be installed
at each change of direction greater than 45 degrees (0.79
rad) in the building sewer, building drain and horizontal
waste or soil lines. Where more than one change of direction
occurs in a run of piping, only one cleanout shall be required
for each 40 feet (12 192 mm) of developed length of the
drainage piping.
708.3.4 Base of stack. A cleanout shall be provided at the
base of each waste or soil stack.
708.3.5 Building drain and building sewer junction.
There shall be a cleanout near the junction of the building
drain and the building sewer. The cleanout shall be either
inside or outside the building wall and shall be brought up to
the finished ground level or to the basement floor level. An
approved two-way cleanout is allowed to be used at this
location to serve as a required cleanout for both the building
drain and building sewer. The cleanout at the junction of the
building drain and building sewer shall not be required if the
cleanout on a 3-inch (76 mm) or larger diameter soil stack is
located within a developed length of 10 feet (3048 mm) of
the building drain and building sewer connection. The mini-
mum size of the cleanout at the junction of the building drain
and building sewer shall comply with Section 708.7.
708.3.6 Manholes. Manholes serving a building drain shall
have secured gas-tight covers and shall be located in accor-
dance with Section 708.3.2.
708.4 Concealed piping. Cleanouts on concealed piping or
piping under a floor slab or in a crawl space of less than 24
inches (610 mm) in height or a plenum shall be extended
through and terminate flush with the finished wall, floor or
ground surface or shall be extended to the outside of the build-
ing. Cleanout plugs shall not be covered with cement, plaster or
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE*
59
SANITARY DRAINAGE
any other permanent finish material. Where it is necessary to
conceal a cleanout or to terminate a cleanout in an area subject
to vehicular traffic, the covering plate, access door or cleanout
shall be of an approved type designed and installed for this pur-
pose.
708.5 Opening direction. Every cleanout shall be installed to
open to allow cleaning in the direction of the flow of the drain-
age pipe or at right angles thereto.
708.6 Prohibited installation. Cleanout openings shall not be
utilized for the installation of new fixtures, except where
approved and where another cleanout of equal access and
capacity is provided.
708.7 Minimum size. Cleanouts shall be the same nominal
size as the pipe they serve up to 4 inches (102 mm). For pipes
larger than 4 inches (102 mm) nominal size, the minimum size
of the cleanout shall be 4 inches (102 mm).
Exceptions:
1. "P" trap connections with slip joints or ground joint
connections, or stack cleanouts that are not more than
one pipe diameter smaller than the drain served, shall
be permitted.
2. Cast-iron cleanout sizing shall be in accordance with
referenced standards in Table 702.4, ASTM A 74 for
hub and spigot fittings or ASTM A 888 or CISPI 301
for hubless fittings.
708.8 Clearances. Cleanouts on 6-inch (153 mm) and smaller
pipes shall be provided with a clearance of not less than 18
inches (457 mm) for rodding. Cleanouts on 8-inch (203 mm)
and larger pipes shall be provided with a clearance of not less
than 36 inches (914 mm) for rodding.
708.9 Access. Access shall be provided to all cleanouts.
SECTION 709
FIXTURE UNITS
709.1 Values for fixtures. Drainage fixture unit values as
given in Table 709. 1 designate the relative load weight of dif-
ferent kinds of fixtures that shall be employed in estimating the
total load carried by a soil or waste pipe, and shall be used in
connection with Tables 710.1(1) and710.1(2) of sizes for soil,
waste and vent pipes for which the permissible load is given in
terms of fixture units.
709.2 Fixtures not listed in Table 709.1. Fixtures not listed in
Table 709. 1 shall have a drainage fixture unit load based on the
outlet size of the fixture in accordance with Table 709.2. The
minimum trap size for unlisted fixtures shall be the size of the
drainage outlet but not less than 1.25 inches (32 mm).
709.3 Values for continuous and semicontinuous flow.
Drainage fixture unit values for continuous and semicontinu-
ous flow into a drainage system shall be computed on the basis
that 1 gpm (0.06 L/s) of flow is equivalent to two fixture units.
709.4 Values for indirect waste receptor. The drainage fix-
ture unit load of an indirect waste receptor receiving the dis-
charge of indirectly connected fixtures shall be the sum of the
drainage fixture unit values of the fixtures that discharge to the
receptor, but not less than the drainage fixture unit value given
for the indirect waste receptor in Table 709.1 or 709.2.
TABLE 709.2
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS FOR FIXTURE DRAINS OR TRAPS
FIXTURE DRAIN OR TRAP SIZE
(inches)
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUE
iv 4
1
iv 2
2
2
3
2V 2
4
3
5
4
6
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
SECTION 710
DRAINAGE SYSTEM SIZING
710.1 Maximum fixture unit load. The maximum number of
drainage fixture units connected to a given size of building
sewer, building drain or horizontal branch of the building drain
shall be determined using Table 710.1(1). The maximum num-
ber of drainage fixture units connected to a given size of hori-
zontal branch or vertical soil or waste stack shall be determined
using Table 710.1(2).
710.1.1 Horizontal stack offsets. Horizontal stack offsets
shall be sized as required for building drains in accordance
with Table 710.1(1), except as required by Section 711.4.
710.1.2 Vertical stack offsets. Vertical stack offsets shall
be sized as required for straight stacks in accordance with
Table 7 10. 1 (2), except where required to be sized as a build-
ing drain in accordance with Section 711.1.1.
710.2 Future fixtures. Where provision is made for the future
installation of fixtures, those provided for shall be considered
in determining the required sizes of drain pipes.
SECTION 711
OFFSETS IN DRAINAGE PIPING IN
BUILDINGS OF FIVE STORIES OR MORE
711.1 Horizontal branch connections above or below verti-
cal stack offsets. If a horizontal branch connects to the stack
within 2 feet (610 mm) above or below a vertical stack offset,
and the offset is located more than four branch intervals below
the top of the stack, the offset shall be vented in accordance
with Section 915.
711.1.1 Omission of vents for vertical stack offsets. Vents
for vertical offsets required by Section 711.1 shall not be
required where the stack and its offset are sized as a building
drain [see Table 710.1(1)].
60
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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TABLE 709.1
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS FOR FIXTURES AND GROUPS
FIXTURE TYPE
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT
VALUE AS LOAD FACTORS
MINIMUM SIZE OF TRAP
(inches)
Automatic clothes washers, commercial 3 ' 8
3
2
Automatic clothes washers, residential 8
2
2
Bathroom group as defined in Section 202 (1.6 gpf water closet) f
5
—
Bathroom group as defined in Section 202 (water closet flushing
greater than 1.6 gpf) f
6
—
Bathtub b (with or without overhead shower or whirppol attachments)
2
1V 2
Bidet
1
iv 4
Combination sink and tray
2
1V 2
Dental lavatory
1
iv 4
Dental unit or cuspidor
1
iv 4
Dishwashing machine, domestic
2
1V 2
Drinking fountain
v 2
1%
Emergency floor drain
2
Floor drains
2
2
Kitchen sink, domestic
2
1V 2
Kitchen sink, domestic with food waste grinder and/or dishwasher
2
1V 2
Laundry tray (1 or 2 compartments)
2
1V 2
Lavatory
1
iv 4
Shower
2
iv 2
Service sink
2
1V 2
Sink
2
iv 2
Urinal
4
Noted
Urinal, 1 gallon per flush, or less
2 e
Note d
Urinal, nonwater supplied
0.5
Noted
Wash sink (circular or multiple) each set of faucets
2
1V 2
Water closet, flushometer tank, public or private
4 e
Noted
Water closet, private (1.6 gpf)
3 e
Noted
Water closet, private (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf)
4 e ..
Note d
Water closet, public (1.6 gpf)
4 e
Noted
Water closet, public (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf)
6 e
Noted
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L (gpf = gallon per flushing cycle).
a. For traps larger than 3 inches, use Table 709.2.
b. A showerhead over a bathtub or whirlpool bathtub attachment does not increase the drainage fixture unit value.
c. See Sections 709.2 through 709.4 for methods of computing unit \alue of fixtures not listed in this table or for rating of devices with intermittent flows.
d. Trap size shall be consistent with the fixture outlet size.
e. For the purpose of computing loads on building drains and sewers, water closets and urinals shall not be rated at a lower drainage fixture unit unless the lower val-
ues are confirmed by testing.
f . For fixtures added to a dwelling unit bathroom group, add the dfu value of those additional fixtures to the bathroom group fixture count.
g. See Section 406.3 for sizing requirements for fixture drain, branch drain, and drainage stack for an automatic clothes washer standpipe.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE"
61
SANITARY DRAINAGE
TABLE 710.1(1)
BUILDING DRAINS AND SEWERS
DIAMETER OF PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS CONNECTED TO ANY PORTION OF THE BUILDING DRAIN OR THE
BUILDING SEWER, INCLUDING BRANCHES OF THE BUILDING DRAIN 3
Slope per foot
1 / 16 inch
1 / 8 inch
1 / 4 inch
1 / 2 inch
1V 4
—
—
1
1
iv 2
—
—
3
3
2
—
—
21
26
2V 2
—
—
24
31
3
—
36
42
50
4
—
180
216
250
5
—
390
480
575
6
• —
700
840
1,000
8
1,400
1,600
1,920
2,300
10
2,500
2,900
3,500
4,200
12
3,900
4,600
5,600
6,700
15
7,000
8,300
10,000
12,000
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm,
a. The minimum size of any
1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.
building drain serving a water closet shall be 3 inches.
TABLE 710.1(2)
HORIZONTAL FIXTURE BRANCHES AND STACKS 3
DIAMETER OF PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS (dfu)
Total for horizontal branch
Stacks"
Total discharge into one
branch interval
Total for stack of three
branch Intervals or less
Total for stack greater than
three branch intervals
1V 2
3
2
4
8
2
6
6
10
24
2V 2
12
9
20
42
3
20
20
48
72
4
160
90
240
500
5
360
200
540
1,100
6
620
350
960
1,900
8
1,400
600
2,200
3,600
10
2,500
1,000
3,800
5,600
12
2,900
1,500
6,000
8,400
15
7,000
Notec
Note c
Note c
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
a. Does not include branches of the building drain. Refer to Table 710.1(1).
b. Stacks shall be sized based on the total accumulated connected load at each story or branch interval. As the total accumulated connected load decreases, stacks are
permitted to be reduced in size. Stack diameters shall not be reduced to less than one-half of the diameter of the laigest stack size required.
c. Sizing load based on design criteria.
62
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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711.2 Horizontal branch connections to horizontal stack
offsets. Where a horizontal stack offset is located more than
four branch intervals below the top of the stack, a horizontal
branch shall not connect within the horizontal stack offset or
within 2 feet (610 mm) above or below such offset.
711.3 Horizontal stack offsets. A stack with a horizontal off-
set located more than four branch intervals below the top of the
stack shall be vented in accordance with Section 915 and sized
as follows:
1 . The portion of the stack above the offset shall be sized as
for a vertical stack based on the total number of drainage
fixture units above the offset.
2. The offset shall be sized in accordance with Section
710.1.1.
3. The portion of the stack below the offset shall be sized as
for the offset or based on the total number of drainage
fixture units on the entire stack, whichever is larger [see
Table 710.1(2), Column 5].
711.3.1 Omission of vents for horizontal stack offsets.
Vents for horizontal stack offsets required by Section 711.3
shall not be required where the stack and its offset are one
pipe size larger than required for a building drain [see Table
710.1(1)] and the entire stack and offset are not less in
cross-sectional area than that required for a straight stack
plus the area of an offset vent as provided for in Section 915.
Omission of offset vents in accordance with this section
shall not constitute approval of horizontal branch connec-
tions within the offset or within 2 feet (610 mm) above or
below the offset.
711.4 Offsets below lowest branch. Where a vertical offset
occurs in a soil or waste stack below the lowest horizontal
branch, change in diameter of the stack because of the offset
shall not be required. If a horizontal offset occurs in a soil or
waste stack below the lowest horizontal branch, the required
diameter of the offset and the stack below it shall be determined
as for a building drain in accordance with Table 710.1(1).
SECTION 712
SUMPS AND EJECTORS
712.1 Building subdrains. Building subdrains that cannot be
discharged to the sewer by gravity flow shall be discharged into
a tightly covered and vented sump from which the liquid shall
be lifted and discharged into the building gravity drainage sys-
tem by automatic pumping equipment or other approved
method. In other than existing structures, the sump shall not
receive drainage from any piping within the building capable of
being discharged by gravity to the building sewer.
712.2 Valves required. A check valve and a full open valve
located on the discharge side of the check valve shall be
installed in the pump or ejector discharge piping between the
pump or ejector and the gravity drainage system. Access shall
be provided to such valves. Such valves shall be located above
the sump cover required by Section 712.1 or, where the dis-
charge pipe from the ejector is below grade, the valves shall be
accessibly located outside the sump below grade in an access
pit with a removable access cover.
712.3 Sump design. The sump pump, pit and discharge piping
shall conform to the requirements of Sections 7 12.3. 1 through
712.3.5.
712.3.1 Sump pump. The sump pump capacity and head
shall be appropriate to anticipated use requirements.
712.3.2 Sump pit. The sump pit shall be not less than 18
inches (457 mm) in diameter and 24 inches (610 mm) deep,
unless otherwise approved. The pit shall be accessible and
located such that all drainage flows into the pit by gravity.
The sump pit shall be constructed of tile, concrete, steel,
plastic or other approved materials. The pit bottom shall be
solid and provide permanent support for the pump. The
sump pit shall be fitted with a gas-tight removable cover
adequate to support anticipated loads in the area of use. The
sump pit shall be vented in accordance with Chapter 9.
712.3.3 Discharge piping. Discharge piping shall meet the
requirements of Section 712.2.
712.3.4 Maximum effluent level. The effluent level control
shall be adjusted and maintained to at all times prevent the
effluent in the sump from rising to within 2 inches (5 1 mm)
of the invert of the gravity drain inlet into the sump.
712.3.5 Ejector connection to the drainage system.
Pumps connected to the drainage system shall connect to the
building sewer or shall connect to a wye fitting in the build-
ing drain a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from the base of
any soil stack, waste stack or fixture drain. Where the dis-
charge line connects into horizontal drainage piping, the
connector shall be made through a wye fitting into the top of
the drainage piping.
712.4 Sewage pumps and sewage ejectors. A sewage pump
or sewage ejector shall automatically discharge the contents of
the sump to the building drainage system.
712.4.1 Macerating toilet systems. Macerating toilet sys-
tems shall comply with CSA B45.9 or ASME Al 12.3.4 and
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions.
712.4.2 Capacity. A sewage pump or sewage ejector shall
have the capacity and head for the application requirements.
Pumps or ejectors that receive the discharge of water closets
shall be capable of handling spherical solids with a diameter
of up to and including 2 inches (5 1 mm). Other pumps or
ejectors shall be capable of handling spherical solids with a
diameter of up to and including 1 inch (25.4 mm). The mini-
mum capacity of a pump or ejector based on the diameter of
the discharge pipe shall be in accordance with Table
712.4.2.
Exceptions:
1 . Grinder pumps or grinder ejectors that receive the
discharge of water closets shall have a minimum
discharge opening of 1.25 inches (32 mm).
2. Macerating toilet assemblies that serve single
water closets shall have a minimum discharge
, opening of 0.75 inch (19 mm).
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
63
SANITARY DRAINAGE
TABLE 712.4.2
MINIMUM CAPACITY OF SEWAGE PUMP OR SEWAGE EJECTOR
DIAMETER OF THE DISCHARGE
PIPE (inches)
CAPACITY OF PUMP OR EJECTOR
(gpm)
2
21
2V 2
30
3
46
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
SECTION 713
HEALTH CARE PLUMBING
713.1 Scope. This section shall govern those aspects of health
care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing systems in
other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform
to this section in addition to the other requirements of this code.
The provisions of this section shall apply to the special devices
and equipment installed and maintained in the following occu-
pancies: nursing homes; homes for the aged; orphanages; infir-
maries; first aid stations; psychiatric facilities; clinics;
professional offices of dentists and doctors; mortuaries; educa-
tional facilities; surgery, dentistry, research and testing labora-
tories; establishments manufacturing pharmaceutical drugs
and medicines; and other structures with similar apparatus and
equipment classified as plumbing.
713.2 Bedpan washers and clinical sinks. Bedpan washers
and clinical sinks shall connect to the drainage and vent system
in accordance with the requirements for a water closet. Bedpan
washers shall also connect to a local vent.
713.3 Indirect waste. All sterilizers, steamers and condensers
shall discharge to the drainage through an indirect waste pipe by
means of an air gap. Where a battery of not more than three ster-
ilizers discharges to an individual receptor, the distance between
the receptor and a sterilizer shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm).
The indirect waste pipe on a bedpan steamer shall be trapped.
713.4 Vacuum system station. Ready access shall be provided
to vacuum system station receptacles. Such receptacles shall be
built into cabinets or recesses and shall be visible.
713.5 Bottle system. Vacuum (fluid suction) systems intended
for collecting, removing and disposing of blood, pus or other
fluids by the bottle system shall be provided with receptacles
equipped with an overflow prevention device at each vacuum
outlet station.
713.6 Central disposal system equipment. All central vac-
uum (fluid suction) systems shall provide continuous service.
Systems equipped with collecting or control tanks shall pro-
vide for draining and cleaning of the tanks while the system is
in operation. In hospitals, the system shall be connected to the
emergency power system. The exhausts from a vacuum pump
serving a vacuum (fluid suction) system shall discharge sepa-
rately to open air above the roof.
713.7 Central vacuum or disposal systems. Where the waste
from a central vacuum (fluid suction) system of the baromet-
ric-lag, collection-tank or bottle-disposal type is connected to
the drainage system, the waste shall be directly connected to
the sanitary drainage system through a trapped waste.
713.7.1 Piping. The piping of a central vacuum (fluid suc-
tion) system shall be of corrosion-resistant material with a
smooth interior surface. A branch shall not be less than 0.5-
inch (12.7 mm) nominal pipe size for one outlet and shall be
sized in accordance with the number of vacuum outlets. A
main shall not be less than 1-inch (25 mm) nominal pipe
size. The pipe sizing shall be increased in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions as stations are increased.
713.7.2 Velocity. The velocity of airflow in a central vac-
uum (fluid suction) system shall be less than 5,000 feet per
minute (25 m/s).
713.8 Vent connections prohibited. Connections between local
vents serving bedpan washers or sterilizer vents serving sterilizing
apparatus and normal sanitary plumbing systems are prohibited.
Only one type of apparatus shall be served by a local vent.
713.9 Local vents and stacks for bedpan washers. Bedpan
washers shall be vented to open air above the roof by means of
one or more local vents. The local vent for a bedpan washer
shall not be less than a 2-inch-diameter (5 1 mm) pipe. A local
vent serving a single bedpan washer is permitted to drain to the
fixture served.
713.9.1 Multiple installations. Where bedpan washers are
located above each other on more than one floor, a local vent
stack is permitted to be installed to receive the local vent on
the various floors. Not more than three bedpan washers shall
be connected to a 2-inch (5 1 mm) local vent stack, not more
than six to a 3-inch (76 mm) local vent stack and not more
than 12 to a 4-inch (102 mm) local vent stack. In multiple
installations, the connections between a bedpan washer
local vent and a local vent stack shall be made with tee or
tee-wye sanitary pattern drainage fittings installed in an
upright position.
713.9.2 Trap required. The bottom of the local vent stack,
except where serving only one bedpan washer, shall be
drained by means of a trapped and vented waste connection
to the sanitary drainage system. The trap and waste shall be
the same size as the local vent stack.
713.9.3 Trap seal maintenance. A water supply pipe not
less than V 4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter shall be taken from
the flush supply of each bedpan washer on the discharge or
fixture side of the vacuum breaker, shall be trapped to form
not less than a 3-inch (76 mm) water seal, and shall be con-
nected to the local vent stack on each floor. The water sup-
ply shall be installed so as to provide a supply of water to the
local vent stack for cleansing and drain trap seal mainte-
nance each time a bedpan washer is flushed.
713.10 Sterilizer vents and stacks. Multiple installations of
pressure and nonpressure sterilizers shall have the vent connec-
tions to the sterilizer vent stack made by means of inverted wye
fittings. Access shall be provided to vent connections for the
purpose of inspection and maintenance.
713.10.1 Drainage. The connection between sterilizer vent
or exhaust openings and the sterilizer vent stack shall be
designed and installed to drain to the funnel or basket-type
waste fitting. In multiple installations, the sterilizer vent
stack shall be drained separately to the lowest sterilizer fun-
nel or basket-type waste fitting or receptor.
64
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
SANITARY DRAINAGE
713.11 Sterilizer vent stack sizes. Sterilizer vent stack sizes
shall comply with Sections 713.11.1 through 713.11.4.
713.11.1 Bedpan steamers. The minimum size of a steril-
izer vent serving a bedpan steamer shall be 1.50 inches (38
mm) in diameter. Multiple installations shall be sized in
accordance with Table 713.11.1.
TABLE 713.11.1
STACK SIZES FOR BEDPAN STEAMERS AND
BOILING-TYPE STERILIZERS
(Number of Connections of Various Sizes
Permitted to Various-sized Sterilizer Vent Stacks)
STACK SIZE
(inches)
CONNECTION SIZE
iv 2 »
2"
lV 2 a
1
or
2 a
2
or
1
2 b
1
and
1
3 a
4
or
2
3 b
2
and
2
4 a
8
or
4
4 b
4
and
4
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
a. Total of each size.
b. Combination of sizes.
713.11.2 Boiling-type sterilizers. The minimum size of a
sterilizer vent stack shall be 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter
where serving a utensil sterilizer and 1.5 inches (38 mm) in
diameter where serving an instrument sterilizer. Combina-
tions of boiling-type sterilizer vent connections shall be
sized in accordance with Table 713.11.1.
713.11.3 Pressure sterilizers. Pressure sterilizer vent
stacks shall be 2.5 inches (64 mm) minimum. Those serving
combinations of pressure sterilizer exhaust connections
shall be sized in accordance with Table 713.11.3.
TABLE 71 3.1 1.3
STACK SIZES FOR PRESSURE STERILIZERS
(Number of Connections of Various Sizes Permitted
To Various-sized Vent Stacks)
STACK SIZE
(inches)
CONNECTION SIZE
3/ "
'4
1"
iV
1V
IV,"
3 or
2 or
1
w
2 and
1
2 a
6 or
3 or
2 or
1
2 b
3 and
2
—
2 b
2 and
1 and
1
2 b
1 and
1 and
—
1
3 a
15 or
7 or
5 or
3
3 b
1 and
1 and
5 and
2 and —
2
1
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
a. Total of each size.
b. Combination of sizes.
713.11.4 Pressure instrument washer sterilizer sizes.
The minimum diameter of a sterilizer vent stack serving an
instrument washer sterilizer shall be 2 inches (51 mm). Not
more than two sterilizers shall be installed on a 2-inch (51
mm) stack, and not more than four sterilizers shall be
installed on a 3-inch (76 mm) stack.
SECTION 714
COMPUTERIZED DRAINAGE DESIGN
714.1 Design of drainage system. The sizing, design and lay-
out of the drainage system shall be permitted to be designed by
approved computer design methods.
714.2 Load on drainage system. The load shall be computed
from the simultaneous or sequential discharge conditions from
fixtures, appurtenances and appliances or the peak usage
design condition.
714.2.1 Fixture discharge profiles. The discharge profiles
for flow rates versus time from fixtures and appliances shall
be in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
714.3 Selections of drainage pipe sizes. Pipe shall be sized to
prevent full-bore flow.
714.3.1 Selecting pipe wall roughness. Pipe size calcula-
tions shall be conducted with the pipe wall roughness factor
(ks), in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications
and as modified for aging roughness factors with deposits
and corrosion.
714.3.2 Slope of horizontal drainage piping. Horizontal
drainage piping shall be designed and installed at slopes in
accordance with Table 704.1.
SECTION 715
BACKWATER VALVES
715.1 Sewage backflow. Where the flood level rims of plumb-
ing fixtures are below the elevation of the manhole cover of the
next upstream manhole in the public sewer, such fixtures shall
be protected by a backwater valve installed in the building
drain, branch of the building drain or horizontal branch serving
such fixtures. Plumbing fixtures having flood level rims above
the elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream man-
hole in the public sewer shall not discharge through a back-
water valve.
715.2 Material. All bearing parts of backwater valves shall be
of corrosion-resistant material. Backwater valves shall comply
with ASME A112.14.1, CSA B181.1 or CSA B181.2.
715.3 Seal. Backwater valves shall be so constructed as to pro-
vide a mechanical seal against backflow.
715.4 Diameter. Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall
have a capacity not less than that of the pipes in which they are
installed.
715.5 Location. Backwater valves shall be installed so that
access is provided to the working parts for service and repair.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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66 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 8
INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE
SECTION 801
GENERAL
801.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern matters concerning
indirect waste piping and special wastes. This chapter shall fur-
ther control matters concerning food-handling establishments,
sterilizers, clear-water wastes, swimming pools, methods of
providing air breaks or air gaps, and neutralizing devices for
corrosive wastes.
801.2 Protection. All devices, appurtenances, appliances and
apparatus intended to serve some special function, such as ster-
ilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or
foods, and that discharge to the drainage system, shall be pro-
vided with protection against backflow, flooding, fouling, con-
tamination and stoppage of the drain.
SECTION 802
INDIRECT WASTES
802.1 Where required. Food-handling equipment and
clear-water waste shall discharge through an indirect waste
pipe as specified in Sections 802.1.1 through 802.1.7. All
health-care related fixtures, devices and equipment shall dis-
charge to the drainage system through an indirect waste pipe by
means of an air gap in accordance with this chapter and Section
713.3. Fixtures not required by this section to be indirectly con-
nected shall be directly connected to the plumbing system in
accordance with Chapter 7.
802.1.1 Food handling. Equipment and fixtures utilized for
the storage, preparation and handling of food shall dis-
charge through an indirect waste pipe by means of an air
gap-
802.1.2 Floor drains in food storage areas. Floor drains
located within walk-in refrigerators or freezers in food ser-
vice and food establishments shall be indirectly connected
to the sanitary drainage system by means of an air gap.
Where a floor drain is located within an area subject to
freezing, the waste line serving the floor drain shall not be
trapped and shall indirectly discharge into a waste receptor
located outside of the area subject to freezing.
Exception: Where protected against backflow by a
backwater valve, such floor drains shall be indirectly
connected to the sanitary drainage system by means of an
air break or an air gap.
802.1.3 Potable clear-water waste. Where devices and
equipment, such as sterilizers and relief valves, discharge
potable water to the building drainage system, the discharge
shall be through an indirect waste pipe by means of an air
gap-
802.1.4 Swimming pools. Where wastewater from swim-
ming pools, backwash from filters and water from pool deck
drains discharge to the building drainage system, the dis-
charge shall be through an indirect waste pipe by means of
an air gap.
802.1.5 Nonpotable clear-water waste. Where devices
and equipment such as process tanks, filters, drips and boil-
ers discharge nonpotable water to the building drainage sys-
tem, the discharge shall be through an indirect waste pipe by
means of an air break or an air gap.
802.1.6 Domestic dishwashing machines. Domestic
dishwashing machines shall discharge indirectly through an
air gap or air break into a standpipe or waste receptor in
accordance with Section 802.2, or discharge into a
wye-branch fitting on the tailpiece of the kitchen sink or the
dishwasher connection of a food waste grinder. The waste
line of a domestic dishwashing machine discharging into a
kitchen sink tailpiece or food waste grinder shall connect to
a deck-mounted air gap or the waste line shall rise and be
securely fastenend to the underside of the sink rim or coun-
ter.
802.1.7 Commercial dishwashing machines. The dis-
charge from a commercial dishwashing machine shall be
through an air gap or air break into a standpipe or waste
receptor in accordance with Section 802.2.
802.2 Installation. All indirect waste piping shall discharge
through an air gap or air break into a waste receptor or
standpipe. Waste receptors and standpipes shall be trapped and
vented and shall connect to the building drainage system. All
indirect waste piping that exceeds 2 feet (610 mm) in devel-
oped length measured horizontally, or 4 feet (1219 mm) in total
developed length, shall be trapped.
802.2.1 Air gap. The air gap between the indirect waste
pipe and the flood level rim of the waste receptor shall be a
minimum of twice the effective opening of the indirect
waste pipe.
802.2.2 Air break. An air break shall be provided between
the indirect waste pipe and the trap seal of the waste receptor
or standpipe.
802.3 Waste receptors. Every waste receptor shall be of an
approved type. A removable strainer or basket shall cover the
waste outlet of waste receptors. Waste receptors shall be
installed in ventilated spaces. Waste receptors shall not be
installed in bathrooms or toilet rooms or in any inaccessible or
unventilated space such as a closet or storeroom. Ready access
shall be provided to waste receptors.
802.3.1 Size of receptors. A waste receptor shall be sized
for the maximum discharge of all indirect waste pipes
served by the receptor. Receptors shall be installed to pre-
vent splashing or flooding.
802.3.2 Open hub waste receptors. Waste receptors shall
be permitted in the form of a hub or pipe extending not less
than 1 inch (25.4 mm) above a water-impervious floor and
are not required to have a strainer.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
67
INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE
802.4 Standpipes. Standpipes shall be individually trapped.
Standpipes shall extend a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) and
a maximum of 42 inches (1066 mm) above the trap weir.
Access shall be provided to all standpipes and drains for
rodding.
SECTION 803
SPECIAL WASTES
803.1 Wastewater temperature. Steam pipes shall not con-
nect to any part of a drainage or plumbing system and water
above 140°F (60°C) shall not be discharged into any part of a
drainage system. Such pipes shall discharge into an indirect
waste receptor connected to the drainage system.
803.2 Neutralizing device required for corrosive wastes.
Corrosive liquids, spent acids or other harmful chemicals that
destroy or injure a drain, sewer, soil or waste pipe, or create
noxious or toxic fumes or interfere with sewage treatment pro-
cesses shall not be discharged into the plumbing system with-
out being thoroughly diluted, neutralized or treated by passing
through an approved dilution or neutralizing device. Such
devices shall be automatically provided with a sufficient sup-
ply of diluting water or neutralizing medium so as to make the
contents noninjurious before discharge into the drainage sys-
tem. The nature of the corrosive or harmful waste and the
method of its treatment or dilution shall be approved prior to
installation.
803.3 System design. A chemical drainage and vent system
shall be designed and installed in accordance with this code.
Chemical drainage and vent systems shall be completely sepa-
rated from the sanitary systems. Chemical waste shall not dis-
charge to a sanitary drainage system until such waste has been
treated in accordance with Section 803.2.
SECTION 804
MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
804.1 General. The materials and methods utilized for the con-
struction and installation of indirect waste pipes and systems
shall comply with the applicable provisions of Chapter 7.
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2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 9
VENTS
SECTION 901
GENERAL
901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of vent sys-
tems.
901.2 Trap seal protection. The plumbing system shall be
provided with a system of vent piping that will permit the
admission or emission of air so that the seal of any fixture trap
shall not be subjected to a pneumatic pressure differential of
more than 1 inch of water column (249 Pa).
901.2.1 Venting required. Every trap and trapped fixture
shall be vented in accordance with one of the venting meth-
ods specified in this chapter.
901.3 Chemical waste vent system. The vent system for a
chemical waste system shall be independent of the sanitary
vent system and shall terminate separately through the roof to
the open air.
901.4 Use limitations. The plumbing vent system shall not be
utilized for purposes other than the venting of the plumbing
system.
901.5 Tests. The vent system shall be tested in accordance with
Section 312.
901.6 Engineered systems. Engineered venting systems shall
conform to the provisions of Section 918.
SECTION 902
MATERIALS
902.1 Vents. The materials and methods utilized for the con-
struction and installation of venting systems shall comply with
the applicable provisions of Section 702.
902.2 Sheet copper. Sheet copper for vent pipe flashings shall
conform to ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not less than 8 ounces
per square foot (2.5 kg/m 2 ).
902.3 Sheet lead. Sheet lead for vent pipe flashings shall weigh
not less than 3 pounds per square foot (15 kg/m 2 ) for field-con-
structed flashings and not less than 2.5 pounds per square foot
(12 kg/m 2 ) for prefabricated flashings.
SECTION 903
OUTDOOR VENT EXTENSION
903.1 Required vent extension. The vent system serving each
building drain shall have at least one vent pipe that extends to
the outdoors.
903.1.1 Installation. The required vent shall be a dry vent
that connects to the building drain or an extension of a drain
that connects to the building drain. Such vent shall not be an
island fixture vent as allowed by Section 913.
903.1.2 Size. The required vent shall be sized in accordance
with Section 916.2 based on the required size of the building
drain.
903.2 Vent stack required. A vent stack shall be required for
every drainage stack that has five branch intervals or more.
903.3 Vent termination. Every vent stack or stack vent shall
terminate outdoors to the open air or to a stack-type air admit-
tance valve in accordance with Section 917.
903.4 Vent connection at base. Every vent stack shall connect
to the base of the drainage stack. The vent stack shall connect at
or below the lowest horizontal branch. Where the vent stack
connects to the building drain, the connection shall be located
downstream of the drainage stack and within a distance of 10
times the diameter of the drainage stack.
903.5 Vent headers. Stack vents and vent stacks connected
into a common vent header at the top of the stacks and extend-
ing to the open air at one point shall be sized in accordance with
the requirements of Section 916.1. The number of fixture units
shall be the sum of all fixture units on all stacks connected
thereto, and the developed length shall be the longest vent
length from the intersection at the base of the most distant stack
to the vent terminal in the open air, as a direct extension of one
stack.
SECTION 904
VENT TERMINALS
904.1 Roof extension. All open vent pipes that extend through
a roof shall be terminated at least [number] inches (mm) above
the roof, except that where a roof is to be used for any purpose
other than weather protection, the vent extensions shall be run
at least 7 feet (2134 mm) above the roof.
904.2 Frost closure. Where the 97.5-percent value for outside
design temperature is 0°F (-18°C) or less, every vent extension
through a roof or wall shall be a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm)
in diameter. Any increase in the size of the vent shall be made
inside the structure a minimum of 1 foot (305 mm) below the
roof or inside the wall.
904.3 Flashings. The juncture of each vent pipe with the roof
line shall be made water tight by an approved flashing.
904.4 Prohibited use. Vent terminals shall not be used as a flag
pole or to support flag poles, television aerials or similar items,
except when the piping has been anchored in an approved man-
ner.
904.5 Location of vent terminal. An open vent terminal from
a drainage system shall not be located directly beneath any
door, openable window, or other air intake opening of the
building or of an adjacent building, and any such vent terminal
shall not be within 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of such an
opening unless it is at least 2 feet (610 mm) above the top of
such opening.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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VENTS
904.6 Extension through the wall. Vent terminals extending
through the wall shall terminate a minimum of 10 feet (3048
mm) from the lot line and 10 feet (3048 mm) above average
ground level. Vent terminals shall not terminate under the over-
hang of a structure with soffit vents. Side wall vent terminals
shall be protected to prevent birds or rodents from entering or
blocking the vent opening.
904.7 Extension outside a structure. In climates where the
97.5-percent value for outside design temperature is less than
0°F (-18°C), vent pipes installed on the exterior of the structure
shall be protected against freezing by insulation, heat or both.
SECTION 905
VENT CONNECTIONS AND GRADES
905.1 Connection. All individual, branch and circuit vents shall
connect to a vent stack, stack vent, air admittance valve or extend
to the open air.
905.2 Grade. All vent and branch vent pipes shall be so graded
and connected as to drain back to the drainage pipe by gravity.
905.3 Vent connection to drainage system. Every dry vent
connecting to a horizontal drain shall connect above the center-
line of the horizontal drain pipe.
905.4 Vertical rise of vent. Every dry vent shall rise vertically
to a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood level rim of
the highest trap or trapped fixture being vented.
Exception: Vents for interceptors located outdoors. .
905.5 Height above fixtures. A connection between a vent
pipe and a vent stack or stack vent shall be made at least 6
inches (152 mm) above the flood level rim of the highest fixture
served by the vent. Horizontal vent pipes forming branch vents,
relief vents or loop vents shall be at least 6 inches (152 mm)
above the flood level rim of the highest fixture served.
905.6 Vent for future fixtures. Where the drainage piping has
been roughed-in for future fixtures, a rough-in connection for a
vent shall be installed. The vent size shall be not less than one-
half the diameter of the rough-in drain to be served. The vent
rough-in shall connect to the vent system, or shall be vented by
other means as provided for in this chapter. The connection
shall be identified to indicate that it is a vent.
SECTION 906
FIXTURE VENTS
906.1 Distance of trap from vent. Each fixture trap shall have
a protecting vent located so that the slope and the developed
length in the fixture drain from the trap weir to the vent fitting
are within the requirements set forth in Table 906.1.
Exception: The developed length of the fixture drain from
the trap weir to the vent fitting for self-siphoning fixtures,
such as water closets, shall not be limited.
906.2 Venting of fixture drains. The total fall in a fixture drain
due to pipe slope shall not exceed the diameter of the fixture
drain, nor shall the vent connection to a fixture drain, except for
water closets, be below the weir of the trap.
906.3 Crown vent. A vent shall not be installed within two
pipe diameters of the trap weir.
TABLE 906.1
MAXIMUM DISTANCE OF FIXTURE TRAP FROM VENT
SIZE OF TRAP
(inches)
SLOPE
(inch per foot)
DISTANCE FROM TRAP
(feet)
1V 4
X
5
1V 2
%
6
2
%
8 ..
3
\
12
4
\
16
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm;
1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.
SECTION 907
INDIVIDUAL VENT
907.1 Individual vent permitted. Each trap and trapped fix-
ture is permitted to be provided with an individual vent. The
individual vent shall connect to the fixture drain of the trap or
trapped fixture being vented.
SECTION 908
COMMON VENT
908.1 Individual vent as common vent. An individual vent is
permitted to vent two traps or trapped fixtures as a common
vent. The traps or trapped fixtures being common vented shall
be located on the same floor level.
908.2 Connection at the same level. Where the fixture drains
being common vented connect at the same level, the vent con-
nection shall be at the interconnection of the fixture drains or
downstream of the interconnection.
908.3 Connection at different levels. Where the fixture drains
connect at different levels, the vent shall connect as a vertical
extension of the vertical drain. The vertical drain pipe connect-
ing the two fixture drains shall be considered the vent for the
lower fixture drain, and shall be sized in accordance with Table
908.3. The upper fixture shall not be a water closet.
TABLE 908.3
COMMON VENT SIZES
PIPE SIZE
(inches)
MAXIMUM DISCHARGE FROM UPPER
FIXTURE DRAIN (dfu)
1V 2
1
2
4
2V 2 to 3
6
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
SECTION 909
WET VENTING
909.1 Horizontal wet vent permitted. Any combination of
fixtures within two bathroom groups located on the same floor
level is permitted to be vented by a horizontal wet vent. The wet
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2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
VENTS
vent shall be considered the vent for the fixtures and shall
extend from the connection of the dry vent along the direction
of the flow in the drain pipe to the most downstream fixture
drain connection to the horizontal branch drain. Only the fix-
tures within the bathroom groups shall connect to the
wet- vented horizontal branch drain. Any additional fixtures
shall discharge downstream of the horizontal wet vent.
909.1.1 Vertical wet vent permitted. Any combination of
fixtures within two bathroom groups located on the same
floor level is permitted to be vented by a vertical wet vent.
The vertical wet vent shall be considered the vent for the fix-
tures and shall extend from the connection of the dry vent
down to the lowest fixture drain connection. Each
wet- vented fixture shall connect independently to the verti-
cal wet vent. Water closet drains shall connect at the same
elevation. Other fixture drains shall connect above or at the
same elevation as the water closet fixture drains. The dry-
vent connection to the vertical wet vent shall be an individ-
ual or common vent serving one or two fixtures.
909.2 Vent connection. The dry- vent connection to the wet
vent shall be an individual vent or common vent to the lavatory,
bidet, shower or bathtub. In vertical wet- vent systems, the most
upstream fixture drain connection shall be a dry-vented fixture
drain connection. In horizontal wet-vent systems, not more
than one wet- vented fixture drain shall discharge upstream of
the dry- vented fixture drain connection.
909.3 Size. The dry vent serving the wet vent shall be sized
based on the largest required diameter of pipe within the wet-
vent system served by the dry vent. The wet vent shall be of a
minimum size as specified in Table 909.3, based on the fixture
unit discharge to the wet vent.
TABLE 909.3
WET VENT SIZE
WET VENT PIPE SIZE
(inches)
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT LOAD
(dfu)
1V 2
1
2
4
2V 2
6
3
12
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
SECTION 910
WASTE STACK VENT
910.1 Waste stack vent permitted. A waste stack shall be con-
sidered a vent for all of the fixtures discharging to the stack
where installed in accordance with the requirements of this sec-
tion.
910.2 Stack installation. The waste stack shall be vertical, and
both horizontal and vertical offsets shall be prohibited between
the lowest fixture drain connection and the highest fixture drain
connection. Every fixture drain shall connect separately to the
waste stack. The stack shall not receive the discharge of water
closets or urinals.
910.3 Stack vent. A stack vent shall be provided for the waste
stack. The size of the stack vent shall be not less than the size of
the waste stack. Offsets shall be permitted in the stack vent,
shall be located at least 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood level
of the highest fixture and shall be in accordance with Section
905.2. The stack vent shall be permitted to connect with other
stack vents and vent stacks in accordance with Section 903.5.
910.4 Waste stack size. The waste stack shall be sized based
on the total discharge to the stack and the discharge within a
branch interval in accordance with Table 910.4. The waste
stack shall be the same size throughout its length.
TABLE 910.4
WASTE STACK VENT SIZE
STACK SIZE
(inches)
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
(dfu)
Total discharge into one
branch interval
Total discharge for
stack
1V 2
1
2
2
2
4
2>/ 2
No limit
8
3
No limit
24
4
No limit
50
5
No limit
75
6
No limit
100
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
SECTION 911
CIRCUIT VENTING
911.1 Circuit vent permitted. A maximum of eight fixtures
connected to a horizontal branch drain shall be permitted to be
circuit vented. Each fixture drain shall connect horizontally to
the horizontal branch being circuit vented. The horizontal
branch drain shall be classified as a vent from the most down-
stream fixture drain connection to the most upstream fixture
drain connection to the horizontal branch.
911.1.1 Multiple circuit-vented branches. Circuit-vented
horizontal branch drains are permitted to be connected
together. Each group of a maximum of eight fixtures shall be
considered a separate circuit vent and shall conform to the
requirements of this section.
911.2 Vent connection. The circuit vent connection shall be
located between the two most upstream fixture drains. The vent
shall connect to the horizontal branch and shall be installed in
accordance with Section 905. The circuit vent pipe shall not
receive the discharge of any soil or waste.
911.3 Slope and size of horizontal branch. The maximum
slope of the vent section of the horizontal branch drain shall be
one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent slope). The
entire length of the vent section of the horizontal branch drain
shall be sized for the total drainage discharge to the branch.
911.3.1 Size of multiple circuit vent. Each separate cir-
cuit-vented horizontal branch that is interconnected shall be
sized independently in accordance with Section 91 1.3. The
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE"
71
VENTS
downstream circuit- vented horizontal branch shall be sized
for the total discharge into the branch, including the
upstream branches and the fixtures within the branch.
911.4 Relief vent. A relief vent shall be provided for circuit-
vented horizontal branches receiving the discharge of four or
more water closets and connecting to a drainage stack that
receives the discharge of soil or waste from upper horizontal
branches.
911.4.1 Connection and installation. The relief vent shall
connect to the horizontal branch drain between the stack and
the most downstream fixture drain of the circuit vent. The
relief vent shall be installed in accordance with Section 905.
911.4.2 Fixture drain or branch. The relief vent is permit-
ted to be a fixture drain or fixture branch for fixtures located
within the same branch interval as the circuit- vented hori-
zontal branch. The maximum discharge to a relief vent shall
be four fixture units.
911.5 Additional fixtures. Fixtures, other than the cir-
cuit-vented fixtures, are permitted to discharge to the horizon-
tal branch drain. Such fixtures shall be located on the same
floor as the circuit- vented fixtures and shall be either individu-
ally or common vented.
SECTION 912
COMBINATION DRAIN AND VENT SYSTEM
912.1 Type of fixtures. A combination drain and vent system
shall not serve fixtures other than floor drains, sinks, lavatories
and drinking fountains. Combination drain and vent systems
shall not receive the discharge from a food waste grinder or
clinical sink.
912.2 Installation. The only vertical pipe of a combination
I drain and vent system shall be the connection between the fix-
ture drain and the horizontal combination drain and vent pipe.
The maximum vertical distance shall be 8 feet (2438 mm).
912.2.1 Slope. The horizontal combination drain and vent
pipe shall have a maximum slope of one-half unit vertical in
12 units horizontal (4-percent slope). The minimum slope
shall be in accordance with Table 704. 1 .
912.2.2 Connection. The combination drain and vent sys-
tem shall be provided with a dry vent connected at any point
within the system or the system shall connect to a horizontal
drain that is vented in accordance with one of the venting
methods specified in this chapter. Combination drain and
vent systems connecting to building drains receiving only
the discharge from a stack or stacks shall be provided with a
dry vent. The vent connection to the combination drain and
vent pipe shall extend vertically a minimum of 6 inches (152
mm) above the flood level rim of the highest fixture being
vented before offsetting horizontally.
912.2.3 Vent size. The vent shall be sized for the total drain-
age fixture unit load in accordance with Section 916.2.
912.2.4 Fixture branch or drain. The fixture branch or fix-
ture drain shall connect to the combination drain and vent
within a distance specified in Table 906.1. The combination
drain and vent pipe shall be considered the vent for the fixture.
912.3 Size. The minimum size of a combination drain and vent
pipe shall be in accordance with Table 912.3.
TABLE 912.3
SIZE OF COMBINATION DRAIN AND VENT PIPE
DIAMETER
PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
(df u)
Connecting to a horizontal
branch or stack
Connecting to a building
drain or building subdrain
2
3
4
27 2
6
26
3
12
31
4
20
50 .
5
160
250
6
360
575
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
SECTION 913
ISLAND FIXTURE VENTING
913.1 Limitation. Island fixture venting shall not be permitted
for fixtures other than sinks and lavatories. Residential kitchen
sinks with a dishwasher waste connection, a food waste
grinder, or both, in combination with the kitchen sink waste,
shall be permitted to be vented in accordance with this section.
913.2 Vent connection. The island fixture vent shall connect to
the fixture drain as required for an individual or common vent.
The vent shall rise vertically to above the drainage outlet of the
fixture being vented before offsetting horizontally or vertically
downward. The vent or branch vent for multiple island fixture
vents shall extend to a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) above
the highest island fixture being vented before connecting to the
outside vent terminal.
913.3 Vent installation below the fixture flood level rim. The
vent located below the flood level rim of the fixture being
vented shall be installed as required for drainage piping in
accordance with Chapter 7, except for sizing. The vent shall be
sized in accordance with Section 916.2. The lowest point of the
island fixture vent shall connect full size to the drainage sys-
tem. The connection shall be to a vertical drain pipe or to the top
half of a horizontal drain pipe. Cleanouts shall be provided in
the island fixture vent to permit rodding of all vent piping
located below the flood level rim of the fixtures. Rodding in
both directions shall be permitted through a cleanout.
SECTION 914
RELIEF VENTS— STACKS OF MORE THAN
10 BRANCH INTERVALS
914.1 Where required. Soil and waste stacks in buildings hav-
ing more than 1 branch intervals shall be provided with a relief
vent at each tenth interval installed, beginning with the top
floor.
914.2 Size and connection. The size of the relief vent shall be
equal to the size of the vent stack to which it connects. The
lower end of each relief vent shall connect to the soil or waste
stack through a wye below the horizontal branch serving the
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2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE"
VENTS
floor, and the upper end shall connect to the vent stack through
a wye not less than 3 feet (914 mm) above the floor.
SECTION 915
VENTS FOR STACK OFFSETS
915.1 Vent for horizontal offset of drainage stack. Horizon-
tal offsets of drainage stacks shall be vented where five or more
branch intervals are located above the offset. The offset shall be
vented by venting the upper section of the drainage stack and
the lower section of the drainage stack.
915.2 Upper section. The upper section of the drainage stack
shall be vented as a separate stack with a vent stack connection
installed in accordance with Section 903.4. The offset shall be
considered the base of the stack.
915.3 Lower section. The lower section of the drainage stack
shall be vented by a yoke vent connecting between the offset
and the next lower horizontal branch. The yoke vent connec-
tion shall be permitted to be a vertical extension of the drainage
stack. The size of the yoke vent and connection shall be a mini-
mum of the size required for the vent stack of the drainage
stack.
SECTION 916
VENT PIPE SIZING
916.1 Size of stack vents and vent stacks. The minimum
required diameter of stack vents and vent stacks shall be deter-
mined from the developed length and the total of drainage fix-
ture units connected thereto in accordance with Table 916.1,
but in no case shall the diameter be less than one-half the diam-
eter of the drain served or less than 1V 4 inches (32 mm).
916.2 Vents other than stack vents or vent stacks. The diame-
ter of individual vents, branch vents, circuit vents and relief vents
shall be at least one-half the required diameter of the drain
served. The required size of the drain shall be determined in
accordance with Table 710.1 (2). Vent pipes shall not be less than
1V 4 inches (32 mm) in diameter. Vents exceeding 40 feet (12 192
mm) in developed length shall be increased by one nominal pipe
size for the entire developed length of the vent pipe. Relief vents
for soil and waste stacks in buildings having more than 10
branch intervals shall be sized in accordance with Section 9 14.2.
916.3 Developed length. The developed length of individual,
branch, circuit and relief vents shall be measured from the far-
thest point of vent connection to the drainage system to the
point of connection to the vent stack, stack vent or termination
outside of the building.
TABLE 916.1
SIZE AND DEVELOPED LENGTH OF STACK VENTS AND VENT STACKS
DIAMETER OF SOIL OR
WASTE STACK
(inches)
TOTAL FIXTURE
UNITS BEING
VENTED (dfu)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPED LENGTH OF VENT (feet) a
DIAMETER OF VENT (inches)
1V 4
1%
2
2\
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
iv 4
1V 2
1V 2
2
8
10
30
50
30
150
100
2
2
2V 2
12
20
42
30
26
75
50
30
200
150
100
300
3
3
3
10
21
53
—
42
32
27
150
110
94
360
270
230
1,040
810
680
3
4
4
102
43
140
—
25
86
35
27
210
85
65
620
250
200
980
750
4
4
5
320
540
190
—
—
23
21
55
50
28
170
150
82
640
580
320
990
—
—
—
—
5
5
5
490
940
1,400
—
—
—
21
18
16
63
53
49
250
210
190
760
670
590
—
—
—
—
6
6
6
500
1,100
2,000
—
—
—
—
33
26
22
130
100
84
400
310
260
1,000
780
660
—
—
—
6
8
8
2,900
1,800
3,400
—
—
—
—
20
77
31
24
240
95
73
600
240
190
940
720
—
—
{continued)
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
73
VENTS
TABLE 916.1— continued
SIZE AND DEVELOPED LENGTH OF STACK VENTS AND VENT STACKS
DIAMETER OF SOIL OR
WASTE STACK
(inches)
TOTAL FIXTURE
UNITS BEING VENTED
(dfu)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPED LENGTH OF VENT (feetf
DIAMETER OF VENT (inches)
1V 4
1V 2
2
2\
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
8
8
10
5,600
7,600
4,000
20
18
62
56
31
160
140
78
610
560
310
960
— :
10
10
10
7,200
11,000
15,000
24
20
18
60
51
46
240
200
180
740
630
570
—
12
12
12
7,300
13,000
20,000
31
24
20
120
94
79
380
300
250
940
720
610
12
15
15
26,000
15,000
25,000
18
72
40
31
230
130
96
500
310
240
15
15
38,000
50,000
26
24
81
74
200
180
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
a. The developed length shall be measured from the vent connection to the open air.
916.4 Multiple branch vents. Where multiple branch vents
are connected to a common branch vent, the common branch
vent shall be sized in accordance with this section based on the
size of the common horizontal drainage branch that is or would
be required to serve the total drainage fixture unit (dfu) load
being vented.
916.4.1 Branch vents exceeding 40 feet in developed
length. Branch vents exceeding 40 feet (12 192 mm) in
developed length shall be increased by one nominal size for
the entire developed length of the vent pipe.
916.5 Sump vents. Sump vent sizes shall be determined in
accordance with Sections 916.5.1 and 916.5.2.
916.5.1 Sewage pumps and sewage ejectors other than
pneumatic. Drainage piping below sewer level shall be
vented in a similar manner to that of a gravity system. Build-
ing sump vent sizes for sumps with sewage pumps or sew-
age ejectors, other than pneumatic, shall be determined in
accordance with Table 916.5.1.
916.5.2 Pneumatic sewage ejectors. The air pressure relief
pipe from a pneumatic sewage ejector shall be connected to
an independent vent stack terminating as required for vent
extensions through the roof. The relief pipe shall be sized to
relieve air pressure inside the ejector to atmospheric pres-
sure, but shall not be less than 1 V 4 inches (32 mm) in size.
SECTION 917
AIR ADMITTANCE VALVES
917.1 General. Vent systems utilizing air admittance valves shall
comply with this section. Stack-type air admittance valves shall
conform to ASSE 1050. Individual and branch-type air admit-
tance valves shall conform to ASSE 1051.
917.2 Installation. The valves shall be installed in accordance
with the requirements of this section and the manufacturer's
installation instructions. Air admittance valves shall be
installed after the DWV testing required by Section 312.2 or
312.3 has been performed.
917.3 Where permitted. Individual, branch and circuit vents
shall be permitted to terminate with a connection to an individ-
ual or branch-type air admittance valve. Stack vents and vent
stacks shall be permitted to terminate to stack-type air admit-
tance valves. Individual and branch-type air admittance valves
shall vent only fixtures that are on the same floor level and con-
nect to a horizontal branch drain. The horizontal branch drain
having individual and branch-type air admittance valves shall
conform to Section 917.3.1 or 917.3.2. Stack-type air admit-
tance valves shall conform to Section 917.3.3.
917.3.1 Location of branch. The horizontal branch drain
shall connect to the drainage stack or building drain a maxi-
mum of four branch intervals from the top of the stack.
917.3.2 Relief vent. Where the horizontal branch is located
more than four branch intervals from the top of the stack, the
horizontal branch shall be provided with a relief vent that
shall connect to a vent stack or stack vent, or extend out-
doors to the open air. The relief vent shall connect to the hor-
izontal branch drain between the stack and the most
downstream fixture drain connected to the horizontal
branch drain. The relief vent shall be sized in accordance
with Section 916.2 and installed in accordance with Section
905. The relief vent shall be permitted to serve as the vent
for other fixtures.
74
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
VENTS
917.3.3 Stack. Stack-type air admittance valves shall not
serve as the vent terminal for vent stacks or stack vents that
serve drainage stacks exceeding six branch intervals.
917.4 Location. Individual and branch-type air admittance
valves shall be located a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) above
the horizontal branch drain or fixture drain being vented.
Stack-type air admittance valves shall be located not less than 6
inches (152 mm) above the flood level rim of the highest fixture
being vented. The air admittance valve shall be located within
the maximum developed length permitted for the vent. The air
admittance valve shall be installed a minimum of 6 inches (152
mm) above insulation materials.
917.5 Access and ventilation. Access shall be provided to all
air admittance valves. The valve shall be located within a venti-
lated space that allows air to enter the valve.
917.6 Size. The air admittance valve shall be rated in accor-
dance with the standard for the size of the vent to which the
valve is connected.
917.7 Vent required. Within each plumbing system, a mini-
mum of one stack vent or vent stack shall extend outdoors to the
open air.
917.8 Prohibited installations. Air admittance valves shall
not be installed in nonneutralized special waste systems as
described in Chapter 8. Valves shall not be located in spaces
utilized as supply or return air plenums.
SECTION 918
ENGINEERED VENT SYSTEMS
918.1 General. Engineered vent systems shall comply with
this section and the design, submittal, approval, inspection and
testing requirements of Section 105.4.
918.2 Individual branch fixture and individual fixture
header vents. The maximum developed length of individual
fixture vents to vent branches and vent headers shall be deter-
mined in accordance with Table 918.2 for the minimum pipe
diameters at the indicated vent airflow rates.
The individual vent airflow rate shall be determined in
accordance with the following:
Q h , b = K„Q v (Equation 9-1)
Fot SI: G w = tf^G w (0.4719 IVs)
where:
= Number of fixtures per header (or vent
branch) ■*■ total number of fixtures connected
to vent stack.
= Vent branch or vent header airflow rate
(cfm).
= Total vent stack airflow rate (cfm).
Q v (gpm) =27.8 r, 2/3 (l-r,)D8/3
Q v (cfm) =0.134 a(gpm)
N n , b
Q hb
Qv
where:
D = Drainage stack diameter (inches).
Q w = Design discharge load (gpm).
r s = Waste water flow area to total area.
a
27.8 D 8
Individual vent airflow rates are obtained by equally distrib-
uting Q hb into one-half the total number of fixtures on the
branch or header for more than two fixtures; for an odd number
of total fixtures, decrease by one; for one fixture, apply the full
value of Q hb .
Individual vent developed length shall be increased by 20
percent of the distance from the vent stack to the fixture vent
connection on the vent branch or header.
SECTION 919
COMPUTERIZED VENT DESIGN
919.1 Design of vent system. The sizing, design and layout of
the vent system shall be permitted to be determined by approved
computer program design methods.
919.2 System capacity. The vent system shall be based on the
air capacity requirements of the drainage system under a peak
load condition.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
75
VENTS
TABLE 916.5.1
SIZE AND LENGTH OF SUMP VENTS
DISCHARGE CAPACITY
OF PUMP
(gpm)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPED LENGTH OF VENT (feetf
Diameter of vent (inches)
1V 4
1V 2
2
2\
3
4
10
No limit b
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
20
270
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
40
72
160
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
60
31
75
270
No limit
No limit
No limit
80
16
41
150
380
No limit
No limit
100
10 c
25
97
250
No limit
No limit
150
Not permitted
10 c
44
110
370
No limit
200
Not permitted
Not permitted
20
60
210
No limit
250
Not permitted
Not permitted
10
36
132
No limit
300
Not permitted
Not permitted
10 c
22
88
380
400
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
10 c
44
210
500
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
24
130
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
a. Developed length plus an appropriate allowance for entrance losses and friction due to fittings, changes in direction and diameter. Suggested allowances shall be
obtained from NSB Monograph 31 or other approved sources. An allowance of 50 percent of the developed length shall be assumed if a more precise value is not
available.
b. Actual values greater than 500 feet.
c. Less than 10 feet.
TABLE 918.2
MINIMUM DIAMETER AND MAXIMUM LENGTH OF INDIVIDUAL BRANCH FIXTURE VENTS AND
INDIVIDUAL FIXTURE HEADER VENTS FOR SMOOTH PIPES
DIAMETER OF
VENT PIPE
(inches)
INDIVIDUAL VENT AIRFLOW RATE (cubic feet per minute)
Maximum developed length of vent (feet)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
\
95
25
13
8
5
4
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
%
100
88
47
30
20
15
10
9
7
6
5
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
—
—
100
94
65
48
37
29
24
20
17
14
12
11
9
8
7
7
6
6
iv 4
100
87
73
62
53
46
40
36
32
29
26
23
21
iv 2
100
96
84
75
65
60
54
49
45
2
100
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.4719 L/s, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
76
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 10
TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS
SECTION 1001
GENERAL
1001.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the material and
installation of traps, interceptors and separators.
SECTION 1002
TRAP REQUIREMENTS
1002.1 Fixture traps. Each plumbing fixture shall be sepa-
rately trapped by a water-seal trap, except as otherwise permit-
ted by this code. The vertical distance from the fixture outlet to
the trap weir shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm) and the hori-
zontal distance shall not exceed 30 inches (610 mm) measured
from the centerline of the fixture outlet to the centerline of the
inlet of the trap. The height of a clothes washer standpipe above
a trap shall conform to Section 802.4. A fixture shall not be
double trapped.
Exceptions:
1 . This section shall not apply to fixtures with integral
traps.
2. A combination plumbing fixture is permitted to be
installed on one trap, provided that one compartment
is not more than 6 inches (152 mm) deeper than the
other compartment and the waste outlets are not more
than 30 inches (762 mm) apart.
3. A grease trap intended to serve as a fixture trap in
accordance with the manufacturer's installation
instructions shall be permitted to serve as the trap for a
single fixture or a combination sink of not more than
three compartments where the vertical distance from
the fixture outlet to the inlet of the interceptor does not
exceed 30 inches (762 mm) and the developed length
of the waste pipe from the most upstream fixture out-
let to the inlet of the interceptor does not exceed 60
inches (1524 mm).
1002.2 Design of traps. Fixture traps shall be self-scouring.
Fixture traps shall not have interior partitions, except where
such traps are integral with the fixture or where such traps are
constructed of an approved material that is resistant to corro-
sion and degradation. Slip joints shall be made with an
approved elastomeric gasket and shall be installed only on the
trap inlet, trap outlet and within the trap seal.
1002.3 Prohibited traps. The following types of traps are pro-
hibited:
1 . Traps that depend on moving parts to maintain the seal.
2. Bell traps.
3. Crown- vented traps.
4. Traps not integral with a fixture and that depend on inte-
rior partitions for the seal, except those traps constructed
of an approved material that is resistant to corrosion and
degradation.
5. "S" traps.
6. Drum traps.
Exception: Drum traps used as solids interceptors
and drum traps serving chemical waste systems shall
not be prohibited.
1002.4 Trap seals. Each fixture trap shall have a liquid seal of
not less than 2 inches (5 1 mm) and not more than 4 inches (102
mm), or deeper for special designs relating to accessible fix-
tures. Where a trap seal is subject to loss by evaporation, a trap
seal primer valve shall be installed. A trap seal primer valve
shall conform to ASSE 1018 or ASSE 1044.
1002.5 Size of fixture traps. Fixture trap size shall be suffi-
cient to drain the fixture rapidly and not less than the size indi-
cated in Table 709. 1 . A trap shall not be larger than the drainage
pipe into which the trap discharges.
1002.6 Building traps. Building (house) traps shall be prohib-
ited, except where local conditions necessitate such traps.
Building traps shall be provided with a cleanout and a relief
vent or fresh air intake on the inlet side of the trap. The size of
the relief vent or fresh air intake shall not be less than one-half
the diameter of the drain to which the relief vent or air intake
connects. Such relief vent or fresh air intake shall be carried
above grade and shall be terminated in a screened outlet located
outside the building.
1002.7 Trap setting and protection. Traps shall be set level
with respect to the trap seal and, where necessary, shall be pro-
tected from freezing.
1002.8 Recess for trap connection. A recess provided for con-
nection of the underground trap, such as one serving a bathtub
in slab-type construction, shall have sides and a bottom of cor-
rosion-resistant, insect- and verminproof construction.
1002.9 Acid-resisting traps. Where a vitrified clay or other
brittleware, acid-resisting trap is installed underground, such
trap shall be embedded in concrete extending 6 inches (152
mm) beyond the bottom and sides of the trap.
1002.10 Plumbing in mental health centers. In mental health
centers, pipes and traps shall not be exposed.
SECTION 1003
INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS
1003.1 Where required. Interceptors and separators shall be
provided to prevent the discharge of oil, grease, sand and other
substances harmful or hazardous to the building drainage sys-
tem, the public sewer, the private sewage disposal system or the
sewage treatment plant or processes.
1003.2 Approval. The size, type and location of each intercep-
tor and of each separator shall be designed and installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
77
TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS
requirements of this section based on the anticipated condi-
tions of use. Wastes that do not require treatment or separation
shall not be discharged into any interceptor or separator.
1003.3 Grease interceptors. Grease interceptors shall comply
with the requirements of Sections 1003.3.1 through 1003.3.5.
1003.3.1 Grease interceptors and automatic grease
removal devices required. A grease interceptor or auto-
matic grease removal device shall be required to receive the
drainage from fixtures and equipment with grease-laden
waste located in food preparation areas, such as in restau-
rants, hotel kitchens, hospitals, school kitchens, bars, fac-
tory cafeterias and clubs. Fixtures and equipment shall
include pot sinks, prerinse sinks; soup kettles or similar
devices; wok stations; floor drains or sinks into which ket-
tles are drained; automatic hood wash units and dishwashers
without prerinse sinks. Grease interceptors and automatic
grease removal devices shall receive waste only from fix-
tures and equipment that allow fats, oils or grease to be dis-
charged.
1003.3.2 Food waste grinders. Where food waste grinders
connect to grease interceptors, a solids interceptor shall
separate the discharge before connecting to the grease inter-
ceptor. Solids interceptors and grease interceptors shall be
sized and rated for the discharge of the food waste grinder.
Emulsifiers, chemicals, enzymes and bacteria shall not dis-
charge into the food waste grinder.
1003.3.3 Grease interceptors and automatic grease
removal devices not required. A grease interceptor or an
automatic grease removal device shall not be required for
individual dwelling units or any private living quarters.
1003.3.4 Grease interceptors and automatic grease
removal devices. Grease interceptors or automatic grease
removal devices shall conform to PDI G101, ASME
Al 12.14.3 or ASME Al 12.14.4 and shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1003.3.4.1 Grease interceptor capacity. Grease inter-
ceptors shall have the grease retention capacity indicated
in Table 1003.3.4.1 for the flow-through rates indicated.
1003.3.4.2 Rate of flow controls. Grease interceptors
shall be equipped with devices to control the rate of water
flow so that the water flow does not exceed the rated
flow. The flow-control device shall be vented and termi-
nate not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the flood rim
level or be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer's instructions.
1003.3.5 Automatic grease removal devices. Where auto-
matic grease removal devices are installed, such devices
shall be located downstream of each fixture or multiple fix-
tures in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
The automatic grease removal device shall be sized to
pretreat the measured or calculated flows for all connected
fixtures or equipment. Ready access shall be provided for
inspection and maintenance.
1003.4 Oil separators required. At repair garages, car-wash-
ing facilities, at factories where oily and flammable liquid
I wastes are produced and in hydraulic elevator pits, separators
shall be installed into which all oil-bearing, grease-bearing or
flammable wastes shall be discharged, before emptying into the
building drainage system or other point of disposal.
Exception: An oil separator is not required in hydraulic ele-
vator pits where an approved alarm system is installed.
TABLE 1003.3.4.1
CAPACITY OF GREASE INTERCEPTORS a
TOTAL FLOW-THROUGH RATING
(gpm)
GREASE RETENTION CAPACITY
(pounds) .
4
8
6
12
7
14
9
18
10
20
12
24
14
28
15
30
18
36
20
40
25
50
35
70
50
100
75
150
100
200
For SI: 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
a. For total flow-through ratings greater than 100 (gpm) , double the flow- |
through rating to determine the grease retention capacity (pounds).
1003.4.1 Separation of liquids. A mixture of treated or
untreated light and heavy liquids with various specific grav-
ities shall be separated in an approved receptacle.
1003.4.2 Oil separator design. Oil separators shall be
designed in accordance with Sections 1003.4.2.1 and
1003.4.2.2.
1003.4.2.1 General design requirements. Oil separa-
tors shall have a depth of not less than 2 feet (610 mm)
below the invert of the discharge drain. The outlet open-
ing of the separator shall have not less than an 18-inch
(457 mm) water seal.
1003.4.2.2 Garages and service stations. Where auto-
mobiles are serviced, greased, repaired or washed or
where gasoline is dispensed, oil separators shall have a
minimum capacity of 6 cubic feet (0. 168 m 3 ) for the first
100 square feet (9.3 m 2 ) of area to be drained, plus 1
cubic foot (0.28 m 3 ) for each additional 100 square feet
(9.3 m 2 ) of area to be drained into the separator. Parking
garages in which servicing, repairing or washing is not
conducted, and in which gasoline is not dispensed, shall
not require a separator. Areas'of commercial garages uti-
lized only for storage of automobiles are not required to
be drained through a separator.
1003.5 Sand interceptors in commercial establishments.
Sand and similar interceptors for heavy solids shall be designed
78
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS
and located so as to be provided with ready access for cleaning,
and shall have a water seal of not less than 6 inches (152 mm).
1003.6 Laundries. Laundry facilities not installed within an
individual dwelling unit or intended for individual family use
shall be equipped with an interceptor with a wire basket or sim-
ilar device, removable for cleaning, that prevents passage into
the drainage system of solids 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) or larger in
size, string, rags, buttons or other materials detrimental to the
public sewage system.
1003.7 Bottling establishments. Bottling plants shall dis-
charge process wastes into an interceptor that will provide for
the separation of broken glass or other solids before discharg-
ing waste into the drainage system.
1003.8 Slaughterhouses. Slaughtering room and dressing
room drains shall be equipped with approved separators. The
separator shall prevent the discharge into the drainage system
of feathers, entrails and other materials that cause clogging.
1003.9 Venting of interceptors and separators. Interceptors
and separators shall be designed so as not to become air bound
where tight covers are utilized. Each interceptor or separator
shall be vented where subject to a loss of trap seal.
1003.10 Access and maintenance of interceptors and sepa-
rators. Access shall be provided to each interceptor and sepa-
rator for service and maintenance. Interceptors and separators
shall be maintained by periodic removal of accumulated
grease, scum, oil, or other floating substances and solids depos-
ited in the interceptor or separator.
SECTION 1004
MATERIALS, JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
1004.1 General. The materials and methods utilized for the
construction and installation of traps, interceptors and separa-
tors shall comply with this chapter and the applicable provi-
sions of Chapters 4 and 7. The fittings shall not have ledges,
shoulders or reductions capable of retarding or obstructing
flow of the piping.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
79
80 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 11
STORM DRAINAGE
SECTION 1101
GENERAL
1101.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
materials, design, construction and installation of storm drain-
age.
1101.2 Where required. All roofs, paved areas, yards, courts
and courtyards shall drain into a separate storm sewer system,
or a combined sewer system, or to an approved place of dis-
posal. For one- and two-family dwellings, and where
approved, storm water is permitted to discharge onto flat areas,
such as streets or lawns, provided that the storm water flows
away from the building.
1101.3 Prohibited drainage. Storm water shall not be drained
into sewers intended for sewage only.
1101.4 Tests. The conductors and the building storm drain
shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.
1101.5 Change in size. The size of a drainage pipe shall not be
reduced in the direction of flow.
1101.6 Fittings and connections. All connections and
changes in direction of the storm drainage system shall be
made with approved drainage-type fittings in accordance with
Table 706.3. The fittings shall not obstruct or retard flow in the
system.
1101.7 Roof design. Roofs shall be designed for the maximum
possible depth of water that will pond thereon as determined by
the relative levels of roof deck and overflow weirs, scuppers,
edges or serviceable drains in combination with the deflected
structural elements. In determining the maximum possible
depth of water, all primary roof drainage means shall be
assumed to be blocked.
1101.8 Cleanouts required. Cleanouts shall be installed in the
storm drainage system and shall comply with the provisions of
this code for sanitary drainage pipe cleanouts.
Exception: Subsurface drainage system.
1101.9 Backwater valves. Backwater valves installed in a
storm drainage system shall conform to Section 715.
SECTION 1102
MATERIALS
1102.1 General. The materials and methods utilized for the
construction and installation of storm drainage systems shall
comply with this section and the applicable provisions of
Chapter 7.
1102.2 Inside storm drainage conductors. Inside storm
drainage conductors installed above ground shall conform to
one of the standards listed in Table 702.1.
1102.3 Underground building storm drain pipe. Under-
ground building storm drain pipe shall conform to one of the
standards listed in Table 702.2.
1102.4 Building storm sewer pipe. Building storm sewer pipe
shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 1 102.4.
TABLE 1102.4
BUILDING STORM SEWER PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 2751;
ASTMF628;CSAB181.1;
CSAB 182.1
Asbestos-cement pipe
ASTM C 428
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301
Concrete pipe
ASTM C 14; ASTM C 76;
CSAA257.1M;
CSA A257.2M
Copper or copper-alloy tubing
(TypeK,L,MorDWV)
ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe (Type DWV,
SDR26, SDR35, SDR41,
PS50orPS100)
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3034;
ASTM F 891; CSA B182.4;
CSAB181.2;CSAB182.2
Vitrified clay pipe
ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700
Stainless steel drainage systems,
Type316L
ASMEA1 12.3.1
1102.5 Subsoil drain pipe. Subsoil drains shall be
open-jointed, horizontally split or perforated pipe conforming
to one of the standards listed in Table 1 102.5.
TABLE 1102.5
SUBSOIL DRAIN PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Asbestos-cement pipe
ASTM C 508
Cast-iron pipe
ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888;
CISPI 301
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
ASTM F 405; CSA B182.1;
CSAB182.6;CSAB182.8
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Plastic pipe (type sewer pipe,
PS25,PS50orPS100)
ASTM D 2729; ASTM F 891;
CSAB 182.2; CSAB 182.4
Stainless steel drainage systems,
Type316L
ASMEA1 12.3.1
Vitrified clay pipe
ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700
1102.6 Roof drains. Roof drains shall conform to ASME
A112.21.2M or ASME Al 12.3.1.
1102.7 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installation
with the piping material installed, and shall conform to the
respective pipe standards or one of the standards listed in Table
1 102.7. The fittings shall not have ledges, shoulders or reduc-
tions capable of retarding or obstructing flow in the piping.
Threaded drainage pipe fittings shall be of the recessed drain-
age type.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
81
STORM DRAINAGE
TABLE 1102.7
PIPE FITTINGS
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic
ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 3311;
CSAB181.1
Cast-iron
ASME B16.4; ASME B16.12;
ASTMA888;CISPI301;
ASTM A 74
Coextruded composite ABS
sewer and drain DR-PS in
PS35,PS50,PS100,PS140,
PS200
ASTM D 2751
Coextruded composite ABS
DWV Schedule 40 IPS pipe
(solid or cellular core)
ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 3311;
ASTM F 628
Coextruded composite PVC
DWV Schedule 40 IPS-DR,
PS140,PS200 (solid or
cellular core)
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 331 1;
ASTM F 891
Coextruded composite PVC
sewer and drain DR-PS in
PS35,PS50,PS100,PS140,
PS200
ASTM D 3034
Copper or copper alloy
ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18;
ASME B 16.22; ASME B 16.23;
ASME B16.26; ASME B16.29
Gray iron and ductile iron
AWWAC110
Malleable iron
ASME B 16.3
Plastic, general
ASTM F 409
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic
ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3311;
ASTM F 1866
Steel
ASME B16.9; ASME B16.ll;
ASMEB16.28
Stainless steel drainage
Systems, Type 316L
ASME Al 12.3.2
SECTION 1104
CONDUCTORS AND CONNECTIONS
1104.1 Prohibited use. Conductor pipes shall not be used as
soil, waste or vent pipes, and soil, waste or vent pipes shall not
be used as conductors.
1104.2 Combining storm with sanitary drainage. The sani-
tary and storm drainage systems of a structure shall be entirely
separate except where combined sewer systems are utilized.
Where a combined sewer is utilized, the building storm drain
shall be connected in the same horizontal plane through a sin-
gle-wye fitting to the combined sewer at least 10 feet (3048
mm) downstream from any soil stack.
1104.3 Floor drains. Floor drains shall not be connected to a
storm drain.
SECTION 1105
ROOF DRAINS
1105.1 Strainers. Roof drains shall have strainers extending
not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the surface of the roof
immediately adjacent to the roof drain. Strainers shall have an
available inlet area, above roof level, of not less than one and
one-half times the area of the conductor or leader to which the
drain is connected.
1105.2 Flat decks. Roof drain strainers for use on sun decks,
parking decks and similar areas that are normally serviced and
maintained shall comply with Section 1 105.1 or shall be of the
flat-surface type, installed level with the deck, with an available
inlet area not less than two times the area of the conductor or
leader to which the drain is connected.
1105.3 Roof drain flashings. The connection between roofs
and roof drains which pass through the roof and into the inte-
rior of the building shall be made water tight by the use of
approved flashing material.
SECTION 1103
TRAPS
1103.1 Main trap. Leaders and storm drains connected to a
combined sewer shall be trapped. Individual storm water traps
shall be installed on the storm water drain branch serving each
conductor, or a single trap shall be installed in the main storm
drain just before its connection with the combined building
sewer or the public sewer.
1103.2 Material. Storm water traps shall be of the same mate-
rial as the piping system to which they are attached.
1103.3 Size. Traps for individual conductors shall be the same
size as the horizontal drain to which they are connected.
1103.4 Cleanout. An accessible cleanout shall be installed on
the building side of the trap.
SECTION 1106
SIZE OF CONDUCTORS, LEADERS
AND STORM DRAINS
1106.1 General. The size of the vertical conductors and lead-
ers, building storm drains, building storm sewers, and any hori-
zontal branches of such drains or sewers shall be based on the
100-year hourly rainfall rate indicated in Figure 1106.1 or on
other rainfall rates determined from approved local weather
data.
1106.2 Vertical conductors and leaders. Vertical conductors
and leaders shall be sized for the maximum projected roof area,
in accordance with Table 1106.2.
1106.3 Building storm drains and sewers. The size of the
building storm drain, building storm sewer and their horizontal
branches having a slope of one-half unit or less vertical in 12
units horizontal (4-percent slope) shall be based on the maxi-
mum projected roof area in accordance with Table 1 106.3. The
minimum slope of horizontal branches shall be one-eighth unit
vertical in 12 units horizontal (1 -percent slope) unless other-
wise approved.
82
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
STORM DRAINAGE
4.28 -*•'
FIGURE 1106.1
100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES) EASTERN UNITED STATES
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
83
STORM DRAINAGE
FIGURE 1106.1— continued
100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES) CENTRAL UNITED STATES
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C.
84
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 1
STORM DRAINAGE
1 J .1
3 « 2
FIGURE 1106.1— continued
100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES) WESTERN UNITED STATES
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
85
STORM DRAINAGE
170° 175° 180" 175
166° 160° 155° 150° 115° 140° 136° 130'
+4-K-
.84
ATTU
ALASKA
ilmil i
-444-
SHEMMAAFB
W
BARTER
4444-
AflCHITKA
170° 175°
175° 170° 165° 160° 155°
145° 140° 136° 130
FIGURE 1106.1— continued
100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES) ALASKA
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C.
86
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE'
STORM DRAINAGE
IA>
f^3)
_«*
10 *
I 3
< /ijf\\*\
\J-^
10
W\
" J
"J
0}
<
o
_l
o
^1
n*m
^
Vsft£
n "N
FIGURE 1106.1— continued
100-YEAR, 1-HOUR RAINFALL (INCHES) HAWAII
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
87
STORM DRAINAGE
TABLE 1106.2
SIZE OF VERTICAL CONDUCTORS AND LEADERS
DIAMETER OF OF
LEADER
(inches) 3
HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square feet)
Rainfall rate (inches per hour)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2
2,880
1,440
960
720
575
480
410
360
320
290
260
240
3
8,800
4,400
2,930
2,200
1,760
1,470
1,260
1,100
980
880
800
730
4.
18,400
9,200
6,130
4,600
3,680
3,070
2,630
2,300
2,045
1,840
1,675
1,530
5
34,600
17,300
11,530
8,650
6,920
5,765
4,945
4,325
3,845
3,460
3,145
2,880
6
54,000
27,000
17,995
13,500
10,800
9,000
7,715
6,750
6,000
5,400
4,910
4,500
8
116,000
58,000
38,660
29,000
23,200
19,315
16,570
14,500
12,890
11,600
10,545
9,600
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m 2 .
a. Sizes indicated are the diameter of circular piping. This table is applicable to piping of other shapes provided the cross-sectional shape fully encloses a circle of the
diameter indicated in this table.
TABLE 1106.3
SIZE OF HORIZONTAL STORM DRAINGE PIPING
SIZE OF
HORIZONTAL
PIPING
(inches)
HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square feet)
Rainfall rate (inches per hour)
1
2
3
4
5
6
V 8 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1 -percent slope)
3
3,288
1,644
1,096
822
657
548
4
7,520
3,760
2,506
1,800
1,504
1,253
5
13,360
6,680
4,453
3,340
2,672
2,227
6
21,400
10,700
7,133
5,350
4,280
3,566
8
46,000
23,000
15,330
11,500
9,200
7,600
10
82,800
41,400
27,600
20,700
16,580
13,800
12
133,200
66,600
44,400
33,300
26,650
22,200
15
218,000
109,000
72,800
59,500
47,600
39,650
V 4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope)
3
4,640
2,320
1,546
1,160
928
773
4
10,600
5,300
3,533
2,650
2,120
1,766
5
18,8.80
9,440.
6,293
4,720
3,776
3,146
6
30,200
15,100
10,066
7,550
6,040
5,033
8
65,200
32,600
21,733
16,300
13,040
10,866
10
116,800
58,400
38,950
29,200
23,350
19,450
12
188,000
94,000
62,600
47,000
37,600
31,350
15
336,000
168,000
112,000
84,000
67,250
56,000
V 2 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope)
3 '
6,576
3,288
2,295
1,644
1,310
1,096
.4
15,040
7,520
5,010
3,760
3,010
2,500
5
26,720
13,360
8,900
6,680
5,320
4,450
6
42,800
21,400
13,700
10,700 .
8,580
7,140
8
92,000
46,000
30,650
23,000
18,400
15,320
10
171,600
85,800
55,200
41,400
33,150
27,600
12
266,400
133,200
88,800
66,600
53,200
44,400
15
476,000
238,000
158,800
119,000
95,300
79,250
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m 2
88
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
STORM DRAINAGE
1106.4 Vertical walls. In sizing roof drains and storm drainage
piping, one-half of the area of any vertical wall that diverts rain-
water to the roof shall be added to the projected roof area for
inclusion in calculating the required size of vertical conduc-
tors, leaders and horizontal storm drainage piping.
1106.5 Parapet wall scupper location. Parapet wall roof
drainage scupper and overflow scupper location shall comply
with the requirements of the International Building Code.
1106.6 Size of roof gutters. The size of semicircular gutters
shall be based on the maximum projected roof area in accor-
dance with Table 1106.6.
SECTION 1107
SECONDARY (EMERGENCY) ROOF DRAINS
1107.1 Secondary drainage required. Secondary (emer-
gency) roof drains or scuppers shall be provided where the roof
perimeter construction extends above the roof in such a manner
that water will be entrapped if the primary drains allow buildup
for any reason.
1107.2 Separate systems required. Secondary roof drain sys-
tems shall have the end point of discharge separate from the pri-
mary system. Discharge shall be above grade, in a location that
would normally be observed by the building occupants or
maintenance personnel.
TABLE 1106.6
SIZE OF SEMICIRCULAR ROOF GUTTERS
DIAMETER OF
GUTTERS
HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square feet)
Rainfall rate (inches per hour)
(inches)
1
2
3
4
5
6
V 16 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (0.5-percent slope)
3
680
340
226
170
136
113
4
1,440
720
480
360
288
240
5
2,500
1,250
834
625
500
416
6
3,840
1,920
1,280
960
768
640
7
5,520
2,760
1,840
1,380
1,100
918
8
7,960
3,980
2,655
1,990
1,590
1,325
10
14,400
7,200
4,800
3,600
2,880
2,400
V 8 unit vertical 12 units horizontal (1 -percent slope)
3
960
480
320
240
192
160
4
2,040
1,020
681
510
408
340
5
3,520
1,760
1,172
880
704
587
6
5,440
2,720
1,815
1,360
1,085
905
7
7,800
3,900
2,600
1,950
1,560
1,300
8
11,200
5,600
3,740
2,800
2,240
1,870
10
20,400
10,200
6,800
5,100
4,080
3,400
V 4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope)
3
1,360
680
454
340
272
226
4
2,880
1,440
960
720
576
480
5
5,000
2,500
1,668
1,250
1,000
834
6
7,680
3,840
2,560
1,920
1,536
1,280
.7
11,040
5,520
3,860
2,760
2,205
1,840
8
15,920
7,960
5,310
3,980
3,180
2,655
10
28,800
14,400
9,600
7,200
5,750
4,800
V 2 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope)
3
1,920
960
640
480
384
320
4
4,080
2,040
1,360
1,020
816
680
5
7,080
3,540
2,360
1,770
1,415
1,180
6
11,080
5,540
3,695
2,770
2,220
1,850
7
15,600
7,800
5,200
3,900
3,120
2,600
8
22,400
11,200
7,460
5,600
4,480
3,730
10
40,000
20,000
13,330
10,000
8,000
6,660
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m 2 .
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
89
STORM DRAINAGE
1107.3 Sizing of secondary drains. Secondary (emergency)
roof drain systems shall be sized in accordance with Section
1 106 based on the rainfall rate for which the primary system is
sized in Tables 1106.2, 1106.3 and 1106.6. Scuppers shall be
sized to prevent the depth of ponding water from exceeding that
for which the roof was designed as determined by Section
1101.7. Scuppers shall not have an opening dimension of less
than 4 inches (102 mm). The flow through the primary system
shall not be considered when sizing the secondary roof drain
system.
SECTION 1108
COMBINED SANITARY AND STORM SYSTEM
1108.1 Size of combined drains and sewers. The size of a
combination sanitary and storm drain or sewer shall be com-
puted in accordance with the method in Section 1106.3. The
fixture units shall be converted into an equivalent projected
roof or paved area. Where the total fixture load on the com-
bined drain is less than or equal to 256 fixture units, the equiva-
lent drainage area in horizontal projection shall be taken as
4,000 square feet (372 m 2 ). Where the total fixture load exceeds
256 fixture units, each additional fixture unit shall be consid-
ered the equivalent of 15.6 square feet (1.5 m 2 ) of drainage
area. These values are based on a rainfall rate of 1 inch (25 mm)
per hour.
(929 m 2 ) or less and not less than four roof drains shall be
installed in roofs over 10,000 square feet (929 m 2 ) in area.
SECTION 1111
SUBSOIL DRAINS
1111.1 Subsoil drains. Subsoil drains shall be open-jointed,
horizontally split or perforated pipe conforming to one of the
standards listed in Table 1 102.5. Such drains shall not be less
than 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter. Where the building is sub-
ject to backwater, the subsoil drain shall be protected by an
accessibly located backwater valve. Subsoil drains shall dis-
charge to a trapped area drain, sump, dry well or approved loca-
tion above ground. The subsoil sump shall not be required to
have either a gas-tight cover or a vent. The sump and pumping
system shall comply with Section 1113.1.
SECTION 1112
BUILDING SUBDRAINS
1112.1 Building subdrains. Building subdrains located below
the public sewer level shall discharge into a sump or receiving
tank, the contents of which shall be automatically lifted and
discharged into the drainage system as required for building
sumps. The sump and pumping equipment shall comply with
Section 1113.1.
SECTION 1109
VALUES FOR CONTINUOUS FLOW
1109.1 Equivalent roof area. Where there is a continuous or
semicontinuous discharge into the building storm drain or
building storm sewer, such as from a pump, ejector, air condi-
tioning plant or similar device, each gallon per minute (L/m) of
such discharge shall be computed as being equivalent to 96
square feet (9 m 2 ) of roof area, based on a rainfall rate of 1 inch
(25.4 mm) per hour.
SECTION 1110
CONTROLLED FLOW ROOF DRAIN SYSTEMS
1110.1 General. The roof of a structure shall be designed for
the storage of water where the storm drainage system is engi-
neered for controlled flow. The controlled flow roof drain sys-
tem shall be an engineered system in accordance with this
section and the design, submittal, approval, inspection and test-
ing requirements of Section 105.4. The controlled flow system
shall be designed based on the required rainfall rate in accor-
dance with Section 1106.1.
1110.2 Control devices. The control devices shall be installed
so that the rate of discharge of water per minute shall not
exceed the values for continuous flow as indicated in Section
1109.1.
1110.3 Installation. Runoff control shall be by control
devices. Control devices shall be protected by strainers.
1110.4 Minimum number of roof drains. Not less than two
roof drains shall be installed in roof areas 10,000 square feet
SECTION 1113
SUMPS AND PUMPING SYSTEMS
1113.1 Pumping system. The sump pump, pit and discharge
piping shall conform to Sections 1113.1.1 through 1113.1.4.
1113.1.1 Pump capacity and head. The sump pump shall
be of a capacity and head appropriate to anticipated use
requirements.
1113.1.2 Sump pit. The sump pit shall not be less than 18
inches (457 mm) in diameter and 24 inches (610 mm) deep,
unless otherwise approved. The pit shall be accessible and
located such that all drainage flows into the pit by gravity.
The sump pit shall be constructed of tile, steel, plastic,
cast-iron, concrete or other approved material, with a
removable cover adequate to support anticipated loads in
the area of use. The pit floor shall be solid and provide per-
manent support for the pump.
1113.1.3 Electrical. Electrical service outlets, when
required, shall meet the requirements of the ICC Electrical
Code.
1113.1.4 Piping. Discharge piping shall meet the require-
ments of Section 1 102.2, 1 102.3 or 1 102.4 and shall include
a gate valve and a full flow check valve. Pipe and fittings
shall be the same size as, or larger than, pump discharge tap-
ping.
Exception: In one- and two-family dwellings, only a
check valve shall be required, located on the discharge
piping from the pump or ejector.
90
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE"
CHAPTER 12
SPECIAL PIPING AND STORAGE SYSTEMS
SECTION 1201
GENERAL
1201.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the
design and installation of piping and storage systems for non-
flammable medical gas systems and nonmedical oxygen sys-
tems. All maintenance and operations of such systems shall be
in accordance with the International Fire Code.
SECTION 1202
MEDICAL GASES
[F] 1202.1 Nonflammable medical gases. Nonflammable
medical gas systems, inhalation anesthetic systems and vac-
uum piping systems shall be designed and installed in accor-
dance with NFPA 99C.
Exceptions:
1 . This section shall not apply to portable systems or cyl-
inder storage.
2. Vacuum system exhaust shall comply with the Inter-
national Mechanical Code.
SECTION 1203
OXYGEN SYSTEMS
[F] 1203.1 Design and installation. Nonmedical oxygen sys-
tems shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA
50 and NFPA 51.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 91
92 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
CHAPTER 13
REFERENCED STANDARDS
This chapter lists the standards that are referenced in various sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by the
promulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or sections of this
document that reference the standard. The application of the referenced standards shall be as specified in Section 102.8.
ANSI
Standard
Referenced
Reference
in code
Number
Title
section number
Z4.3— 95
Z21.22— 99(R2003)
Z124.1— 95
Z124.2— 95
Z 124.3— 95
Z124.4— 96
Z124.6— 97
Z124.9-94
American National Standards Institute
25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor
New York, NY 10036
Title
Minimum Requirements for Nonsewered Waste-Disposal Systems 311.1
Relief Valves for Hot Water Supply Systems with Addenda Z21.22a-2000(R2003) and Z21.22b-2001(R2003) . . . 504.2, 504.5
Plastic Bathtub Units .407.1
Plastic Shower Receptors and Shower Stalls 417.1
Plastic Lavatories 416.1, 416.2
Plastic Water Closet Bowls and Tanks 420.1
Plastic Sinks .415.1, 418.1
Plastic Urinal Fixtures 419.1
ARI
Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute
4100 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 200
Arlington, VA 22203
Standard
reference
number
Tide
Referenced
in code
section number
1010—02
Self-contained, Mechanically Refrigerated Drinking-water Coolers 410.1
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
Standard
Referenced
Reference
in code
Number
Title
section number
Al 12.1.2— 1991(R2002)
Al 12.1.3—2000
A112.3.1— 1993
Al 12.3.4— 2000
Al 12.4.1— 1993(R2002)
Al 12.4.3— 1999
A112.6.1M— 1997(R2002)
Al 12.6.2— 2000
Al 12.6.3— 2001
Al 12.6.7— 2001
Al 12.14.1—2003
Al 12.14.3—2000
Al 12.14.4— 2001
Al 12.18.1— 2003
Al 12.18.2— 2002
Al 12.18.3— 2002
Al 12.18.6— 2003
A112.18.7— 1999
Al 12.19.1M— 1994(R1999)
Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems Table 608. 1
Air Gap Fittings for Use with Plumbing Fixtures, Appliances and Appurtenances 608.13.1, Table 608.1
Performance Standard and Installation Procedures for Stainless Steel Drainage Systems for Sanitary, Storm and
Chemical Applications, Above and Below Ground 412.1, Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, 708.2, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5, 1 102.6, Table 1 102.7
Macerating Toilet Systems and Related Components 712.4.1
Water Heater Relief Valve Drain Tubes 504.6.2
Plastic Fittings for Connecting Water Closets to the Sanitary Drainage System 405.4
Floor-Affixed Supports for Off-the-floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use 405.4.3
Framing- Affixed Supports for Off-the-floor Water Closets with Concealed Tanks 405.4.3
Floor and Trench Drains 412.1
Enameled and Epoxy-coated Cast-iron and PVC Plastic Sanitary Floor Sinks 427.1
Backwater Valves 715.2
Grease Interceptors 1003.3.4
Grease Removal Devices 1003.3.4
Plumbing Fixture Fittings 424.1, 608.2
Plumbing Fixture Waste Fittings 424.1.2
Performance Requirements for Backflow Protection Devices and Systems in Plumbing Fixture Fittings 424.4
Flexible Water Connectors 605.6
Deck mounted Bath/Shower Transfer Valves with Integral Backflow Protection 424.6
Enameled Cast Iron Plumbing Fixtures with 1998 and 2000 supplements 407.1, 410.1, 415.1, 416.1, 418.1
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
93
REFERENCED STANDARDS
A112.19.2M— 2003
A112.19
A112.19
A112.19
A112.19
A112.19
A112.19
A112.19
Al 12.19
A112.19
A112.19
A112.21
Al 12.36
B 1.20.1-
3—2000
.4M— 1994(R1999)
.5—1999
6—1995
7M— 1995
8M— 1987(R1996)
9M— 1991(R2002)
12—2000
13—2001
15—2001
2M— 1983
2M— 1991(R2002)
-1983(R2001)
B16.3— 1998
B 16.4— 1998
B 16.9— 2003
B16.ll— 2001
B16.12— 1998
B16.15— 1985(R1994)
B 16. 18^2001
B 16.22— 2001
B 16.23— 2002
B16.26— 1988
B 16.28— 1994
B16.29— 2001
ASM E— conti n ued
Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures and Hydraulic Requirements for Water Closets and Urinals .... 401.2, 405.9, 408.1, 410.1,
416.1,418.1,419.1,420.1
Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures (Designed for Residential Use) with 2002 Supplement 405.9, 415.1, 416.1, 418.1
Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel Plumbing Fixtures with 1998 and 2000 Supplement 407.1, 416.1, 418.1
Trim for Water-closet Bowls, Tanks and Urinals 425.4
Hydraulic Performance Requirements for Water Closets and Urinals 419.1, 420.1
Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances 421.1
Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances 421.4
Non- Vitreous Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures with 2002 Supplement 407.1, 408.1, 410.1, 415.1, 416.1, 417.1, 418.1, 420.1
Wall Mounted and Pedestal Mounted, Adjustable and Pivoting Lavatory and Sink Carrier Systems 416.4, 418.3
Electrohydraulic Water Closets 420.1
BathtubAVhirlpool Bathtubs with Pressure Sealed Doors 407.4, 421.5
Roof Drains 1102.6
Cleanouts .708.2
Pipe Threads, General Purpose (inch) 605.10.3, 605.12.3, 605.14.4, 605.16.3, 605.18.1,
705, 705.2.3, 705.4.3
Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings Classes 150 and 300 Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Gray Iron Threaded Fittings Classes 125 and 250 Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Factory-made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Forged Fittings, Socket-welding and Threaded Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Cast-iron Threaded Drainage Fittings .Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings .Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings DWV Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7
Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7
Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV) . . . Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7
ASSE
American Society of Sanitary Engineering
901 Canterbury Road, Suite A
Westlake, OH 44145
Standard
Referenced
Reference
in code
Number
Title
section number
1001—02
1002—99
1003—01
1004—90
1005—99
1006—89
1007—92
1008—89
1009—90
1010—96
1011—93
1012—02
1013—99
1014-^-90
1015—99
1016—96
1017—99
1018—01
1019—97
Performance Requirements for Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers 425.2, Table 608.1, 608.13.6
Performance Requirements for Antisiphon Fill Valves (Ballcocks) for Gravity
Water Closet Flush Tanks 425.3.1, Table 608.1
Performance Requirements for Water Pressure Reducing Valves 604.8
Performance Requirements for Backflow Prevention Requirements for Commercial Dishwashing Machines 409.1
Performance Requirements for Water Heater Drain Valves .501.3
Performance Requirements for Residential Use Dishwashers 409.1
Performance Requirements for Home Laundry Equipment 406.1, 406.2
Performance Requirements for Household Food Waste Disposer Units .413.1
Performance Requirements for Commercial Food Waste Grinder Units 413.1
Performance Requirements for Water Hammer Arresters .604.9
Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers Table 608.1, 608.13.6
Performance Requirements for Backflow Preventers with
Intermediate Atmospheric Vent Table 608.1, 608.13.3, 608.16.2
Performance Requirements for Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Preventers and Reduced
Pressure Fire Protection Principle Backflow Preventers Table 608.1, 608.13.2, 608.16.2
Performance Requirements for Handheld Showers 424.2
Performance Requirements for Double Check Backflow Prevention Assemblies
and Double Check Fire Protection Backflow Prevention Assemblies Table 608.1, 608.13.7
Performance Requirements for Individual Thermostatic, Pressure Balancing and
Combination Control Valves for Individual Fixture Fittings 424.3
Performance Requirements for Temperature Actuated Mixing Valves for Hot Water
Distribution Systems 424.3, 424.5, 613.1
Performance Requirements for Trap Seal Primer Valves; Potable Water Supplied 1002.4
Performance Requirements for Vacuum Breaker Wall Hydrants, Freeze Resistant,
Automatic Draining Type Table 608.1, 608.13.6
94
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
REFERENCED STANDARDS
1020—98
1022—03
1024—04
1035—02
1037—90
1044—01
1047—99
1048—99
1050—02
1051—02
1052—93
1055—97
1056—01
1060—96
1062—97
1066—97
1069—05
1070—04
5013—98
5015—98
5020—98
5047—98
5048—98
5052—98
5056—98
ASSE — continued
Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly Table 608.1, 608.13.5
Performance Requirements forBackflow Preventer for Carbonated Beverage Machines Table 608.1, 608.16.1, 608.16.10
Performance Requirements for Dual Check Valve Type Backflow Preventers
(for Residential Supply Service or Individual Outlets) 605.3.1, Table 608.1
Performance Requirements for Laboratory Faucet Backflow Preventers * Table 608.1, 608.13.6
Performance Requirements for Pressurized Flushing Devices for Plumbing Fixtures 425.2
Performance Requirements for Trap Seal Primer Devices Drainage Types and Electronic Design Types 1002.4
Performance Requirements for Reduced Pressure Detector Fire Protection Backflow
Prevention Assemblies , Table 608.1, 608.13.2
Performance Requirements for Double Check Detector Fire Protection Backflow
Prevention Assemblies Table 608.1, 608.13.7
Performance Requirements for Stack Air Admittance Valves for Sanitary Drainage Systems 917.1
Performance Requirements for Individual and Branch Type Air Admittance Valves for Sanitary Drainage Systems-
Fixture and Branch Devices 917.1
Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Backflow Preventers Table 608.1, 608.13.6
Performance Requirements for Chemical Dispensing Systems 608.13.9
Performance Requirements for Spill Resistant Vacuum Breaker Table 608.1, 608.13.5, 608.13.8
Performance Requirements for Outdoor Enclosures forBackflow Prevention Assemblies 608.14.1
Performance Requirements for Temperature Actuated, Flow Reduction Valves to
Individual Fixture Fittings 424.5
Performance Requirements for Individual Pressure Balancing In-line Valves for Individual Fixture Fittings 604. 1 1
Performance Requirements for Automatic Temperature Control Mixing Valves 424.4
Performance Requirements for Water-temperature Limiting Devices ■ 408.3, 416.5, 607.1, 424.5
Performance Requirements for Testing Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly (RPA) and
Reduced Pressure Fire Protection Principle Backflow Preventers (RFP) 312.9.2
Performance Requirements for Testing Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Assembly (DCVA) 312.9.2
Performance Requirements for Testing Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly (PVBA) 312.9.2
Performance Requirements for Testing Reduced Pressure Detector Fire Protection'
Backflow Prevention Assemblies (RPDA) 312.9.2
Performance Requirements for Testing Double Check Valve Detector Assembly (DCDA) 312.9.2
Performance Requirements for Testing Hose Connection Backflow Preventers 312.9.2
Performance Requirements for Testing Spill Resistant Vacuum Breaker 312.9.2
ASTM
ASTM International
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
Standard
Referenced
Reference
in code
Number
Title
section number
A 53/A 53M— 02
A 74— 04a
A312/A312M— 04a
A 733— 03
A 778—01
A 888— 04a
B 32—03
B 42— 02e01
B 43— (2004)
B75— 02
B88— 03
B 152/B 152M— 00
B251— 02e01
Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-dipped, Zinc-coated Welded and Seamless. Table 605.3,
Table 605.4, Table 702.1
Specification for Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, 708.2, Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5, Table 1102.7
Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes Table 605.4, Table 605.5,
Table 605.6, 605.23.2
Specification for Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Nipples Table 605.8
Specification for Welded Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular Products Table 605.4,
Table 605.5, Table 605.6
Specification for Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and
Vent Piping Application Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5, Table 1 102.7
Specification for Solder Metal 605.14.3, 605.15.4, 705.9.3, 705.10.3
Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 702.1
Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 702.1
Specification for Seamless Copper Tube Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 702.1, Table 702.2,
Table 702.3, Table 1102.4
Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 702.1,
Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4
Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip Plate and Rolled Bar .' 402.3, 425.3.3, 417.5.2.4, 902.2
Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-alloy Tube Table 605.3,Table 605.4,
Table 702. 1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
,®
95
REFERENCED STANDARDS
B 302—02
B 306—02
B 447— 02
B 687—99
B 813— OOeOl
B 828—02
C4— 03
C14— 03
C76-^04a
C 296—00
C 425—04
C 428—97(2002)
C 443— 03
C 508—00
C 564— 04a
C 700— 02
C 1053— 00
C 1173— 02 .
C 1277—04
C 1440^-99e01
C 1460—04
C 1461—02
C 1540—02
C 1563—04
D 1527— 99e01
D 1785— 04 '
D 1869—95(2000)
D 2235—01
D 2239— 03
D 2241— 04a
D 2282— 99e01
D 2464—99
D 2466— 02
D 2467—04
D 2468— 96a
D 2564—02
D 2609—02
D 2657—97
D 2661—02
D 2662— 96a
D 2665— 04ae01
D 2666— 96a
D 2672— 96a(2003)
D 2729— 96a
D 2737—03
D 2751— 96a
D 2846/D 2846M— 99
ASTM — continued
Specification for Threadless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 702. 1
Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV) .Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 1102.4
Specification for Welded Copper Tube Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Specification for Brass, Copper and Chromium-plated Pipe Nipples. Table 605.8
Specification' for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering of Copper and
Copper Alloy Tube 605.14.3, 605.15.4, 705.9.3, 705.10.3
Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings 605.14.3,
605.15.4, 705.9.3, 705.10.3
Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5
Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain and Culvert Pipe Table 702.3, Table 1102.4
Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain and Sewer Pipe Table 702.3, Table 1102.4
Specification for Asbestos-cement Pressure Pipe Table 605.4
Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings 705.15, 705.16
Specification for Asbestos-cement Nonpressure Sewer Pipe Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4
Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets 705.6, 705.16
Specification for Asbestos-cement Underdrain Pipe Table 1 102.5
Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 705.5.2, 705.5.3, 705.16
Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated Table 702.3, Table 1102.4,
Table 1102.5
Specification for Borosilicate Glass Pipe and Fittings for Drain, Waste, and
Vent (DWV) Applications Table 702.1, Table 702.4
Specification for Flexible Transition Couplings for Underground Piping System 705.7.1, 705.14.1, 705.16
Specification for Shielded Coupling Joining Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 705.5.3
Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Gasket Materials for Drain, Waste,
and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary and Storm Plumbing Systems 705.16
Specification for Shielded Transition Couplings for Use with Dissimilar DWV Pipe
and Fittings Above Ground 705.16
Specification for Mechanical Couplings Using Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Gaskets for
Joining Drain, Waste and Vent (DWV) Sewer, Sanitary and Storm Plumbing Systems
for Above and Below Ground Use 705. 16
Specification for Heavy Duty Shielded Couplings Joining Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings 705.5.3
Standard Test Method for Gaskets for Use in Connection with Hub and Spigot Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary
Drain, Waste, Vent and Storm Piping Applications 705.5.2
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 Table 605.3
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 and 120 Table 605.3
Specification for Rubber Rings for Asbestos-cement Pipe 605.1 1, 605.22, 705.3, 705.16
Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and
Fittings 605.10.2, 705.2.2, 705.7.2
Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter Table 605.3
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-rated Pipe (SDR-Series) Table 605.3
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Table 605.3
Specification for Threaded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 Table 605.5, Table 1102.7
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 Table 605.5, Table 1 102.7
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 Table 605.5, Table 1102.7
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 Table 605.5, Table 1102.7
Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems 605.21.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2
Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe Table 605.5, Table 1 102.7
Standard Practice for Heat Fusion-joining of Polyolefin Pipe and Fitting 605.19.2, 605.20.2, 705.16.1
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule
40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4,
. 705.2.2, 705.7.2, Table 1102.4, Table 1102.7
Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Controlled
Inside Diameter : Table 605.3
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1,
Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.7
Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Tubing ' Table 605.3
Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent Cement Table 605.3
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 1 102.5
Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing , .Table 605.3
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1 102.7
Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot and Cold Water
Distribution Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4, 605.16.2
96
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
REFERENCED STANDARDS
D 2855—96(2002)
D 2949— Ola
D 3034— 04
D 3139—98
D 3212— 96a(2003)
D 3309— 96a(2002)
D 3311—02
D 4068—01
D 4551—96(2001)
F 405— 97
F 409— 02
F 437— 99
F 438— 04
F439— 02e01
F441/F441M— 02
F 442/F 442M— 99
F477— 02e01
F 493— 04
F 628—01
F 656— 02
F 714—03
F 876— 04
F 877— 02e01
F 891— OOeOl
F 1281—03
F 1282— 03
F 1412—01
F 1488—03
F 1807—04
F 1866—98
F 1960— 04a
F 1974— 04
F 1986— 00a
F 2080— 04
F 2159—03
F 2389—04
ASTM — conti nued
Standard Practice for Making Solvent-cemented Joints with
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings 605.21.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2
Specification for 3.25-in Outside Diameter Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3
Specification for Type PSM Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3,
Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals 605.10.1, 605.21.1
Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals 705.2.1,
705.7.1,705.8.1,705.14.1
Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot and Cold Water Distribution Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4,
605.19.2, 605.19.3
Specification for Drain, Waste and Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns Table 702.4, Table 1 102.7
Specification for Chlorinated Polyethlene (CPE) Sheeting for Concealed Water-
Containment Membrane 417.5.2.2
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-
Containment Membrane 417.5.2. 1
Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and Fittings Table 1 102.5
Specification for Thermoplastic Accessible and Replaceable Plastic Tube and
Tubular Fittings 424.1.2, Table 1102.7
Specification for Threaded Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80 Table 605.5, Table 1102.7
Specification for Socket-type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 40 Table 605.5, Table 1102.7
Specification for Socket-type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80 Table 605.5, Table 1102.7
Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Table 605.5
Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Table 605.3,
Table 605.4, Table 605.5
Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe 605.22, 705. 16
Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings 605.16.2
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain,
Waste, and Vent Pipe with a Cellular Core Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4,
705.2.2, 705.7.2, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.7
Specification for Primers for Use in Solvent Cement Joints of Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings 605.21.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2
Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Outside Diameter Table 702.3
Specification for Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table 605.3
Specification for Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Plastic Hot and Cold Water
Distribution Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5, Table 605.17.2
Specification for Coextruded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe with a Cellular Core Table 702.1,
Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5, Table 1 102.7
Specification for Cross-linked Polyemylene/Aluminum/Cross-Linked Polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX) Pressure Pipe Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Specification for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) Composite Pressure Pipe Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Specification for Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings for Corrosive Waste Drainage Table 702.2, Table 702.4, 705.17.1
Specification for Coextruded Composite Pipe Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3
Specification for Metal Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper Crimp Ring for SDR9 Cross-linked
Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table 605.5, 605.17.2
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Schedule 40 Drainage and
DWV Fabricated Fittings Table 702.4
Specification for Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX Reinforcing Rings for use with
Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table 605.5
Specification for Metal Insert Fittings for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene and Cross-linked
Polyethylene/Aluminum/Cross-hnked Polyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe Table 605.5
Specification for Multilayer Pipe, Type 2, Compression Fittings and Compression Joints for Hot and Cold
Drinking Water Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5
Specifications for Cold-expansion Fittings with Metal Compression-sleeves for
Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe Table 605.5
Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper Crimp Ring for SDR9 Cross-linked
Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Table 605.5
Specification for Pressure-rated Polypropylene (PP) Piping Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5, 605.21
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
97
REFERENCED STANDARDS
AWS
American Welding Society
550 N.W. LeJeune Road
Miami, FL 33126
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
A5.8— 04
Specifications for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding 605.12.1, 605.14.1, 605.15.1, 705.4.1, 705.9.1, 705.10.1
AWWA
Standard
Referenced
Reference
in code
Number
Title
section number
C104— 98
C110— 98
Clll— 00
CI 15— 99
C151/A21.51— 02
CI 53— 00
C510— 00
C511— 00
C651— 99
C652— 02
American Water Works Association
6666 West Quincy Avenue
Denver, CO 80235
Title
Standard for Cement-mortar Lining for Ductile-Iron
Pipe and Fittings for Water 605.3, 605.5
Standard for Ductile-iron and Gray-iron Fittings,
3 Inches through 48 Inches, for Water Table 605.5, Table 702.4, Table 1102.7
Standard for Rubber-gasket Joints for Ductile-iron
Pressure Pipe and Fittings 605.13
Standard for Flanged Ductile-iron Pipe with Ductile-iron or Gray-iron Threaded Flanges Table 605.3
Standard for Ductile-iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast for Water Table 605.3
Standard for Ductile-iron Compact Fittings for Water Service Table 605.5
Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Assembly Table 608.1, 608.13.7
Reduced-pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly Table 608.1, 608.13.2, 608.16.2
Disinfecting Water Mains 610.1
Disinfection of Water-storage Facilities 610.1
CISPI
301— 04a
310—04
Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute
5959 Shallowford Road, Suite 419
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Standard
Referenced
Reference
in code
Number
Title
section number
Specification for Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and
Storm Drain, Waste and Vent Piping Applications Table 702.1, Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4,
Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5, Table 1102.7
Specification for Coupling for Use in Connection with Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste and Vent Piping Applications 705.5.3
CSA
Canadian Standards Association
178 Rexdale Blvd.
Rexdale (Toronto), Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
B45.1— 02
B45.2— 02
B45.3— 02
B45.4— 02
B45.5— 02
B45.9— 99
B45.10— 01
B64. 1.2—01
B64.2.1— 01
B64.2.1.1— 01
B64.3.1— 01
B64.4.1— 01
B64.5— 01
B64.5.1— 01
B64.6— 01
Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures 408. 1,
Enameled Cast-iron Plumbing Fixtures
Porcelain Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures
Stainless-steel Plumbing Fixtures
Plastic Plumbing Fixtures 407.1, 416.2,
Macerating Systems and Related Components
Hydromassage Bathtubs
Vacuum Breakers, Pressure Type (PVB)
Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB) with Manual Draining Feature
Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Dual Check Type (HCDVB)
Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type with Atmospheric Port for Carbonators (DCAPC). . .
Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure Principle Type for Fire Sprinklers (RPF)
Backflow Preventers, Double Check Type (DCVA)
Backflow Preventers, Double Check Type for Fire Systems (DCVAF)
Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type (DuC)
416.1,418.1,419.1,420.1
407.1,415.1,416.1,418.1
407.1,416.1,418.1
415.1,416.1,418.1,420.1
417.1,419.1,420.1,421.1
712.4.1
421.1
....Table 608.1, 608.13.5
....Table 608.1, 608.13.6
....Table 608.1, 608.13.6
....Table 608.1, 608.16.1
....Table 608.1, 608.13.2
....Table 608.1, 608.13.7
....Table 608. 1608. 13.7
605.3.1, Table 608.1
98
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
REFERENCED STANDARDS
B64.7— 94
B64.10/B64.10.1— 01
B79— 94(2000)
B 125— 01
B137.1— 02
B 137.2— 02
B137.3— 02
B 137.5— 02
B137.6— 02
B137.ll— 02
B181.1— 02
B181.2— 02
B182.1— 02
B 182.2—02
B 182.4— 02
B 182.6— 02
B 182.8— 02
CAN3-B137.8M— 99
CAN/CSA-A257. 1M— 92
CAN/CSA-A257.2M— 92
CAN/CSA-A257.3M— 92
CAN/CSA-B64.1.1— 01
CAN/CSA-B64.2— 01
CAN/CSA-B64.2.2— 01
CAN/CSA-B64.3— 01
CAN/CSA-B64.4— 01
CAN/CSA-B64.10— 01
CAN/CSA-B137.9— 02
CAN/CSA-B 137. 10M— 02
CAN/CSA-B181.3— 02
CAN/CSA-B 182.4—02
CAN/CSA-B602— 02
CSA — continued
Vacuum Breakers, Laboratory Faucet Type (LFVB) Table 608.1, 608.13.6
Manual for the Selection and Installation of Backflow Prevention Devices/Manual for the Maintenance
and Field Testing of Backflow Prevention Devices 312.9.2
Floor, Area and Shower Drains, and Cleanouts for Residential Construction 412.1
Plumbing Fittings 424.1, 424.3, 424.4, 425.3.1, 425.5, 607.4, Table 608.1
Polyethylene Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Cold Water Pressure Services Table 605.3
PVC Injection-moulded Gasketed Fittings for Pressure Applications Table 605.5, Table 1 102.7
Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe for Pressure Applications Table 605.3, 605.21.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2
Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Systems for Pressure Applications — with Revisions through
September 1992 Table 605.3, Table 605.4
CPVC Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Hot and Cold Water Distribution Systems — with Revisions through
May 1986 Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Polypropylene (PP-R) Pipe and Fittings for Pressure Applications Table 605.3, Table 605.4, Table 605.5
ABS Drain, Waste and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings Table 702.1, Table 702.2,
Table 702.4, 705.2.2, 705.7.2, 715.2
PVC Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings — with Revisions
through December 1993 Table 702.1, Table 702.2, 705.8.2, 705.14.2, 715.2
Plastic Drain and Sewer Pipe and Pipe Fittings 705.8.2, 705.14.2, Table 1 102.4
PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings (PSM Type) Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4, Table 1 102.5
Profile PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5
Profile Polyethylene Sewer Pipe and Fittings for Leak-proof Sewer Applications Table 1 102.5
Profile Polyethylene Storm Sewer and Drainage Pipe and Fittings Table 1102.5
Polybutylene (PB) Piping for Pressure Applications — with Revisions through
July 1992 Table 605.3, Table 605.4, 605.19.2, 605.19.3
Circular Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4
Reinforced Circular Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1 102.4
Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Manhole Sections and Fittings Using
Rubber Gaskets 705.6, 705.16
Vacuum Breakers, Atmospheric Type (AVB) 425.2, Table 608.1, 608.13.6
Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB) Table 608.1, 608.13.6
Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB) with Automatic Draining Feature Table 608.1, 608.13.6
Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type with Atmospheric Port (DCAP) Table 608.1, 608.13.3,
608.16.2
Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure Principle Type (RP) Table 608.1, 608.13.2, 608.16.2
Manual for the Selection, Installation, Maintenance and Field Testing of Backflow Prevention Devices 312.9.2
Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe Systems Table 605.3
Cross-linked Polyethylene/ Aluminum/Polyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe Systems Table 605.3, Table 605.4
Polyolefin Laboratory Drainage Systems Table 702.1, Table 702.2
Profile PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings Table 702.3, Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5
Mechanical Couplings for Drain, Waste and Vent Pipe and Sewer Pipe 705.2.1, 705.5.3, 705.6,
705.7.1, 705.14.1, 705.15, 705.16
ICC
Standard
Referenced
Reference
in code
Number
Title
section number
IBC— 06
ICC EC— 06
IEBC— 06
DECC— 06
IFC— 06
IFGC— 06
IMC— 06
IPSDC— 06
IRC— 06
International Code Council, Inc.
500 New Jersey Ave, NW
6th Floor
Washington, DC 20001
Title
International Building Code 8 201.3, 305.4, 307.1, 307.2, 307.3, 308.2, 309.1, 310.1,
310.3, 403.1, Table 403.1, 404.1, 407.3, 417.6, 502.6, 606.5.2, 1106.5
ICC Electrical Code®— Administrative Provisions 201.3, 502.1, 504.3, 1 1 13.1.3
International Existing Building Code® 101.2
International Energy Conservation Code® 313.1, 607.2, 607.2.1
International Fire Code® 201.3, 1201.1
International Fuel Gas Code® 101.2, 201.3, 502.1
International Mechanical Code® 201.3, 307.6, 310.1, 422.9, 502.1, 612.1, 1202.1
International Private Sewage Disposal Code® 701.2
International Residential Code® 101.2
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE'
99
REFERENCED STANDARDS
ISEA
Industry Safety Equipment Association
1901 N. Moore Street, Suite 808
Arlington, VA 22209
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
Z358.1— 03
Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment 411.1
NFPA
50—01
51—02
70—05
99C— 02
National Fire Protection Association
Batterymarch Park
Quincy, MA 02269
Title
Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites 1203. 1
Design and Installation of Oxygen-fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes 1203.1
National Electrical Code 502.1, 504.3, 1113.1.3
Gas and Vacuum Systems 1202.1
Standard
Referenced
Reference
in code
Number
Title
section number
NSF
NSF International
789 Dixboro Road
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Referenced
in code
Title section number
Commercial Warewashing Equipment 409. 1
Plastic Piping System Components and Related Materials 303.3, 611.3
Manual Food and Beverage Dispensing Equipment 426.1
Drinking Water Treatment Units — Aesthetic Effects 611.1, 611.3
Residential Cation Exchange Water Softeners 611.1, 611.3
Drinking Water Treatment Units— Health Effects. 611.1,611.3
Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Treatment Systems 61 1.2
Drinking Water System Components— Health Effects 424.1, 605.3, 605.4, 605.5, 61 1.3
Drinking Water Distillation Systems 611.1
Standard
Reference
Number
3—2003
14—2003
18—2004 .
42— 2002e
44—2004
53— 2002e
58—2004
61— 2003e
62—2004
PDI
Plumbing and Drainage Institute
800 Turnpike Street, Suite 300
North Andover, MA 01845
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
G101(2003)
Testing and Rating Procedure for Grease Interceptors with Appendix of Sizing and Installation Data 1003.3.4
UL
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook, IL 60062-2096
Standard
reference
number
Title
Referenced
in code
section number
UL508— 99
Industrial Control Equipment : 314.2.3
100
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX A
PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE
Permit Issuance
1. For issuing each permit
2. For issuing each supplemental permit.
Unit Fee Schedule
1 . For each plumbing fixture or trap or set of fixtures on one trap (including water, drainage
piping andbackflow protection thereof)
2. For each building sewer and each trailer park sewer
3. Rainwater systems — per drain (inside building)
4. For each cesspool (where permitted)
5. For each private sewage disposal system
6. For each water heater and/or vent
7. For each industrial waste pretreatment interceptor including its trap and vent,
excepting kitchen-type grease interceptors functioning as fixture traps
8. For installation, alteration or repair of water-piping and/or water-treating equipment, each .....
9. For repair or alteration of drainage or vent piping, each fixture .'....
10. For each lawn sprinkler system on any one meter including backflow protection devices therefor
11. For atmospheric-type vacuum breakers not included in Item 2:
1 to5 ......
over 5, each
12. For each backflow protective device other than atmospheric-type vacuum breakers:
2 inches (5 1 mm) and smaller
Over 2inches (51 mm)
Other Inspections and Fees
1. Inspections outside ofnormal business hours 7. perhour
(minimum charge two hours)
2. Reinspection fee assessed under provisions of Section 107.3.3 each
3. Inspections for which no fee is specifically indicated ..." perhour
(minimum charge one-half hour)
4. Additional plan review required by changes, additions or revisions to approved
plans (minimum charge one-half hour) perhour
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 101
1 02 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX B
RATES OF RAINFALL FOR VARIOUS CITIES
Rainfall rates, in inches per hour, are based on a storm of one-hour duration and a 100-year return period. The rainfall rates shown in
the appendix are derived from Figure 1 106.1.
Alabama:
Birmingham 3.8
Huntsville 3.6
Mobile 4.6
Montgomery 4.2
Alaska:
Fairbanks 1.0
Juneau 0.6
Arizona:
Flagstaff 2.4
Nogales 3.1
Phoenix 2.5
Yuma 1.6
Arkansas:
FortSmith.. 3.6
Little Rock 3.7
Texarkana 3.8
California:
Barstow 1.4
Crescent City 1.5
Fresno 1.1
Los Angeles 2.1
Needles 1.6
Placerville 1.5
San Fernando 2.3
San Francisco 1.5
Yreka 1.4
Colorado:
Craig 1.5
Denver 2.4
Durango 1.8
Grand Junction 1.7
Lamar 3.0
Pueblo 2.5
Connecticut:
Hartford 2.7
New Haven 2.8
Putnam 2.6
Delaware:
Georgetown 3.0
Wilmington 3.1
District of Columbia:
Washington 3.2
Florida:
Jacksonville 4.3
Key West 4.3
Miami 4.7
Pensacola 4.6
Tampa 4.5
Georgia:
Atlanta 3.7
Dalton . . ; : 3.4
Macon 3.9
Savannah 4.3
Thomasville 4.3
Hawaii:
Hilo 6.2
Honolulu 3.0
Wailuku 3.0
Idaho:
Boise 0.9
Lewiston. 1.1
Pocatello 1.2
Illinois:
Cairo 3.3
Chicago : ... 3.0
Peoria 3.3
Rockford 3.2
Springfield 3.3
Indiana:
Evansville 3.2
Fort Wayne 2.9
Indianapolis 3.1
Iowa:
Davenport 3.3
Des Moines 3.4
Dubuque 3.3
Sioux City 3.6
Kansas:
Atwood 3.3
Dodge City 3.3 Mississippi:
Topeka 3.7
Wichita 3.7
Kentucky:
Ashland 3.0
Lexington 3.1
Louisville 3.2
Middlesboro 3.2
Paducah 3.3
Louisiana:
Alexandria 4.2
Lake Providence 4.0
New Orleans 4.8
Shreveport 3.9
Maine:
Bangor 2.2
Houlton 2.1
Portland 2.4
Maryland:
Baltimore .3.2
Hagerstown 2.8
Oakland 2.7
Salisbury .' 3.1
Massachusetts:
Boston 2.5
Pittsfield 2.8
Worcester 2.7
Michigan:
Alpena 2.5
Detroit 2.7
Grand Rapids 2.6
Lansing 2.8
Marquette 2.4
SaultSte. Marie 2.2
Minnesota:
Duluth 2.8
Grand Marais 2.3
Minneapolis 3.1
Moorhead 3.2
Worthington 3.5
Biloxi 4.7
Columbus 3.9
Corinth 3.6
Natchez 4.4
Vicksburg 4.1
Missouri:
Columbia 3.2
Kansas City 3.6
Springfield 3.4
St. Louis 3.2
Montana:
Ekalaka 2.5
Havre 1.6
Helena 1.5
Kalispell 1.2
Missoula. 1.3
Nebraska:
NorthPlatte 3.3
Omaha 3.8
Scottsbluff 3.1
Valentine 3.2
Nevada:
Elko 1.0
Ely 1.1
Las Vegas 1.4
Reno 1.1
New Hampshire:
Berlin 2.5
Concord 2.5
Keene 2.4
New Jersey:
Atlantic City 2.9
Newark 3.1
Trenton 3.1
New Mexico:
Albuquerque 2.0
Hobbs 3.0
Raton 2.5
Roswell 2.6
SilverCity 1.9
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
103
APPENDIX B
New York:
Albany 2.5
Binghamton 2.3
Buffalo 2.3
Kingston 2.7
New York 3.0
Rochester 2.2
North Carolina:
Asheville 4.1
Charlotte 3.7
Greensboro. 3.4
Wilmington 4.2
North Dakota:
Bismarck 2.8
DevilsLake 2.9
Fargo 3.1
Williston. 2.6
Ohio:
Cincinnati 2.9
Cleveland '. 2.6
Columbus 2.8
Toledo 2.8
Oklahoma:
Altus. 3.7
Boise City 3.3
Durant 3.8
Oklahoma City 3.8
Oregon:
Baker 0.9
Coos Bay 1.5
Eugene 1.3
Portland 1.2
Pennsylvania:
Erie 2.6
Harrisburg ...... 2.8
Philadelphia. 3.1
Pittsburgh 2.6
Scranton 2.7
Rhode Island:
Block Island 2.75
Providence 2.6
South Carolina:
Charleston 4.3
Columbia 4.0
Greenville 4.1
South Dakota:
Buffalo ....2.8
Huron. 3.3
Pierre 3.1
RapidCity 2.9
Yankton 3.6
Tennessee:
Chattanooga 0.5
Knoxville 3.2
Memphis 3.7
Nashville 3.3
Texas:
Abilene 3.6
Amarillo 3.5
Brownsville 4.5
Dallas 4.0
DelRio 4.0
ElPaso 2.3
Houston 4.6
Lubbock 3.3
Odessa 3.2
Pecos 3.0
SanAntonio 4.2
Utah:
BrighamCity 1.2
Roosevelt 1.3
SaltLakeCity 1.3
St. George 1.7
Vermont:
Barre .2.3
Bratteboro 2.7
Burlington 2.1
Rutland 2.5
Virginia:
Bristol 2.7
Charlottesville 2.8
Lynchburg 3.2
Norfolk. 3.4
Richmond 3.3
Washington:
Omak 1.1
Port Angeles. 1.1
Seattle 1.4
Spokane .1.0
Yakima 1.1
West Virginia:
Charleston 2.8
Morgantown 2.7
Wisconsin:
Ashland 2.5
Eau Claire 2.9
. Green Bay 2.6
La Crosse 3.1
Madison 3.0
Milwaukee 3.0
Wyoming:
Cheyenne 2.2
FortBridger .1.3
Lander 1.5
New Castle 2.5
Sheridan. . '. 1.7
Yellowstone Park ..... 1.4
104
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 8
APPENDIX C
GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEMS
Note: Section 30 1 .3 of this code requires all plumbing fixtures that receive water or waste to discharge to the sanitary drainage sys-
tem of the structure. In order to allow for the utilization of a gray water system, Section 301.3 should be revised to read as follows:
i
1
301.3 Connections to drainage system. All plumbing fix-
tures, drains, appurtenances and appliances used to receive or
discharge liquid wastes or sewage shall be directly connected
to the sanitary drainage system of the building or premises, in
accordance with the requirements of this code. This section
shall not be construed to prevent indirect waste systems
required by Chapter 8.
Exception: Bathtubs, showers, lavatories, clothes washers
and laundry trays shall not be required to discharge to the
sanitary drainage system where such fixtures discharge to
an approved gray water system for flushing of water closets
and urinals or for subsurface landscape irrigation.
SECTION C1 01
GENERAL
C101.1 Scope. The provisions of this appendix shall govern
the materials, design, construction and installation of gray
water systems for flushing of water closets and urinals and for
subsurface landscape irrigation (see Figures 1 and 2).
C101.2 Definition. The following term shall have the meaning
shown herein.
GRAY WATER. Waste discharged from lavatories, bathtubs,
showers, clothes washers and laundry trays.
C101.3 Permits. Permits shall be required in accordance with
Section 106.
C101.4 Installation. In addition to the provisions of Section
CI 01, systems for flushing of water closets and urinals shall
comply with Section CI 02 and systems for subsurface land-
scape irrigation shall comply with Section CI 03. Except as
provided for in Appendix C, all systems shall comply with the
provisions of the International Plumbing Code.
C101.5 Materials. Above-ground drain, waste and vent piping
for gray water systems shall conform to one of the standards
listed in Table 702.1. Gray water underground building drain-
age and vent pipe shall conform to one of the standards listed in
Table 702.2.
C101.6 Tests. Drain, waste and vent piping for gray water sys-
tems shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.
C101.7 Inspections. Gray water systems shall be inspected in
accordance with Section 107.
C 101.8 Potable water connections. Only connections in
accordance with Section C 102.3 shall be made between a gray
water recycling system and a potable water system.
C101.9 Waste water connections. Gray water recycling sys-
tems shall receive only the waste discharge of bathtubs, show-
ers, lavatories, clothes washers or laundry trays.
C101.10 Collection reservoir. Gray water shall be collected in
an approved reservoir constructed of durable, nonabsorbent
and corrosion-resistant materials. The reservoir shall be a
closed and gas-tight vessel. Access openings shall be provided
to allow inspection and cleaning of the reservoir interior.
C101.ll Filtration. Gray water entering the reservoir shall
pass through an approved filter such as a media, sand or
diatomaceous earth filter.
C101.11.1 Required valve. A full-open valve shall be
installed downstream of the last fixture connection to the
gray water discharge pipe before entering the required filter.
C101.12 Overflow. The collection reservoir shall be equipped
with an overflow pipe having the same or larger diameter as the
influent pipe for the gray water. The overflow pipe shall be
indirectly connected to the sanitary drainage system.
C101.13 Drain. A drain shall be located at the lowest point of
the collection reservoir and shall be indirectly connected to the
sanitary drainage system. The drain shall be the same diameter
as the overflow pipe required in Section C101.12.
C101.14 Vent required. The reservoir shall be provided with a
vent sized in accordance with Chapter 9 and based on the diam-
eter of the reservoir influent pipe.
SECTION C1 02
SYSTEMS FOR FLUSHING WATER
CLOSETS AND URINALS
C102.1 Collection reservoir. The holding capacity of the res-
ervoir shall be a minimum of twice the volume of water
required to meet the daily flushing requirements of the fixtures
supplied with gray water, but not less than 50 gallons (189 L).
The reservoir shall be sized to limit the retention time of gray
water to a maximum of 72 hours.
C102.2 Disinfection. Gray water shall be disinfected by an
approved method that employs one or more disinfectants such
as chlorine, iodine or ozone.
C102.3 Makeup water. Potable water shall be supplied as a
source of makeup water for the gray water system. The potable
water supply shall be protected against backflow in accordance
with Section 608. There shall be a full-open valve located on
the makeup water supply line to the collection reservoir.
C102.4 Coloring. The gray water shall be dyed blue or green
with a food grade vegetable dye before such water is supplied
to the fixtures.
C102.5 Materials. Distribution piping shall conform to one of
the standards listed in Table 605.4.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
105
APPENDIX C
C 102.6 Identification. Distribution piping and reservoirs shall
be identified as containing nonpotable water. Piping identifica-
tion shall be in accordance with Section 608.8.
SECTION C1 03
SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
C103.1 Collection reservoir. Reservoirs shall be sized to limit
the retention time of gray water to a maximum of 24 hours.
C103.1.1 Identification. The reservoir shall be identified as
containing nonpotable water.
C103.2 Valves required. A check valve and a full-open valve
located on the discharge side of the check valve shall be
installed on the effluent pipe of the collection reservoir.
C103.3 Makeup water. Makeup water shall not be required
for subsurface landscape irrigation systems. Where makeup
water is provided, the installation shall be in accordance with
Section C102.3.
C103.4 Disinfection. Disinfection shall not be required for
gray water used for subsurface landscape irrigation systems.
C 103.5 Coloring. Gray water used for subsurface landscape
irrigation systems shall not be required to be dyed.
C103.6 Estimating gray water discharge. The system shall
be sized in accordance with the gallons-per-day-per-occupant
number based on the type of fixtures connected to the gray
water system. The discharge shall be calculated by the follow-
ing equation:
C = AxB
A = Number of occupants:
Residential-Number of occupants shall be determined
by the actual number of occupants, but not less than two
occupants for one bedroom and one occupant for each
additional bedroom.
Commercial-Number of occupants shall be deter-
mined by the International Building Code®.
B = Estimated flow demands for each occupant:
Residential-25 gallons per day (94.6 lpd) per occupant
for showers, bathtubs and lavatories and 15 gallons per
day (56.7 lpd) per occupant for clothes washers or laun-
dry trays.
Commercial-Based on type of fixture or water use
records minus the discharge of fixtures other than those
discharging gray water.
C = Estimated gray water discharge based on the total num-
ber of occupants.
C 103.7 Percolation tests. The permeability of the soil in the
proposed absorption system shall be determined by percolation
tests or permeability evaluation.
C103.7.1 Percolation tests and procedures. At least three
percolation tests in each system area shall be conducted.
The holes shall be spaced uniformly in relation to the bot-
tom depth of the proposed absorption system. More perco-
lation tests shall be made where necessary, depending on
system design.
C103.7.1.1 Percolation test hole. The test hole shall be
dug or bored. The test hole shall have vertical sides and a
horizontal dimension of 4 inches to 8 inches (102 mm to
203 mm). The bottom and sides of the hole shall be
scratched with a sharp-pointed instrument to expose the
natural soil. All loose material shall be removed from the
hole and the bottom shall be covered with 2 inches (51
mm) of gravel or coarse sand.
C 103.7.1. 2 Test procedure, sandy soils. The hole shall
be filled with clear water to a minimum of 12 inches (305
rnm) above the bottom of the hole for tests in sandy soils.
The time for this amount of water to seep away shall be
determined, and this procedure shall be repeated if the
water from the second filling of the hole seeps away in 10
minutes or less. The test shall proceed as follows: Water
shall be added to a point not more than 6 inches (152 mm)
above the gravel or coarse sand. Thereupon, from a fixed
reference point, water levels shall be measured at
10-minute intervals for a period of 1 hour. Where 6
inches (152 mm) of water seeps away in less than 10 min-
utes, a shorter interval between measurements shall be
used, but in no case shall the water depth exceed 6 inches
(152 mm). Where 6 inches (152 mm) of water seeps
away in less than 2 minutes, the test shall be stopped and
a rate of less than 3 minutes per inch (7.2 s/mm) shall be
reported. The final water level drop shall be used to cal-
culate the percolation rate. Soils not meeting the above
requirements shall be tested in accordance with Section
C103.7.1.3.
C 103.7.1.3 Test procedure, other soils. The hole shall
be filled with clear water, and a minimum water depth of
12 inches (305 mm) shall be maintained above the bot-
tom of the hole for a 4-hour period by refilling whenever
necessary or by use of an automatic siphon. Water
remaining in the hole after 4 hours shall not be removed.
Thereafter, the soil shall be allowed to swell not less than
16 hours or more than 30 hours. Immediately after the
soil swelling period, the measurements for determining
the percolation rate shall be made as follows: Any soil
sloughed into the hole shall be removed and the water
level shall be adjusted to 6 inches (152 mm) above the
gravel or coarse sand. Thereupon, from a fixed reference
point, the water level shall be measured at 30-minute
intervals for a period of 4 hours, unless two successive
water level drops do not vary by more than 0.62 inch
(1.59 mm). At least three water level drops shall be
observed and recorded. The hole shall be filled with clear
water to a point not more than 6 inches (152 mm) above
the gravel or coarse sand whenever it becomes nearly
empty. Adjustments of the water level shall not be made
during the three measurement periods except to the lim-
its of the last measured water level drop. When the first 6
inches (152 mm) of water seeps away in less than 30 min-
utes, the time interval between measurements shall be 10
minutes and the test run for 1 hour. The water depth shall
not exceed 5 inches (127 mm) at any time during the
measurement period. The drop that occurs during the
final measurement period shall be used in calculating the
percolation rate.
106
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX C
C103.7.1.4 Mechanical test equipment. Mechanical
percolation test equipment shall be of an approved type.
C103.7.2 Permeability evaluation. Soil shall be evaluated
for estimated percolation based on structure and texture in
accordance with accepted soil evaluation practices. Borings
shall be made in accordance with Section CI 03.7. 1 for eval-
uating the soil.
C103.8 Subsurface landscape irrigation site location. The
surface grade of all soil absorption systems shall be located at a
point lower than the surface grade of any water well or reser-
voir on the same or adjoining property. Where this is not possi-
ble, the site shall be located so surface water drainage from the
site is not directed toward a well or reservoir. The soil absorp-
tion system shall be located with a minimum horizontal dis-
tance between various elements as indicated in Table C103.8.
Private sewage disposal systems in compacted areas, such as
parking lots and driveways, are prohibited. Surface water shall
be diverted away from any soil absorption site on the same or
neighboring lots.
TABLE C1 03.8
LOCATION OF GRAY WATER SYSTEM
ELEMENT
MINIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE
HOLDING TANK
(feet)
IRRIGATION
DISPOSAL FIELD
(feet)
Buildings
5
2
Property line adjoining
private property
5
5
Water wells
50
100
Streams and lakes
50
50
Seepage pits
5
5
Septic tanks
5
Water service
5
5
Public water main
10
10
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
C103.9 Installation. Absorption systems shall be installed in
accordance with Sections C103.9.1 through C103.9.5 to pro-
vide landscape irrigation without surfacing of gray water.
C103.9.1 Absorption area. The total absorption area
required shall be computed from the estimated daily gray
water discharge and the design-loading rate based on the
percolation rate for the site. The required absorption area
equals the estimated gray water discharge divided by the
design-loading rate from Table CI 03. 9.1.
TABLE C 103.9.1
DESIGN LOADING RATE
PERCOLATION RATE
(minutes per inch)
DESIGN LOADING FACTOR
(gallons per square foot per day)
to less than 10
1.2
10 to less than 30
0.8
30 to less than 45
0.72
45 to 60
0.4
C103.9.2 Seepage trench excavations. Seepage trench
excavations shall be a minimum of 1 foot (304 mm) to a
maximum of 5 feet (1524 mm) wide. Trench excavations
shall be spaced a minimum of 2 feet (610 mm) apart. The
soil absorption area of a seepage trench shall be computed
by using the bottom of the trench area (width) multiplied by
the length of pipe. Individual seepage trenches shall be a
maximum of 100 feet (30 480 mm) in developed length.
C 103.9.3 Seepage bed excavations. Seepage bed excava-
tions shall be a minimum of 5 feet (1 524 mm) wide and have
more than one distribution pipe. The absorption area of a
seepage bed shall be computed by using the bottom of the
trench area. Distribution piping in a seepage bed shall be
uniformly spaced a maximum of 5 feet (1524 mm) and a
minimum of 3 feet (914 mm) apart, and a maximum of 3 feet
(914 mm) and a minimum of 1 foot (305 mm) from the side-
wall or headwall.
C103.9.4 Excavation and construction. The bottom of a
trench or bed excavation shall be level. Seepage trenches or
beds shall not be excavated where the soil is so wet that such
material rolled between the hands forms a soil wire. All
smeared or compacted soil surfaces in the sidewalls or bot-
tom of seepage trench or bed excavations shall be scarified
to the depth of smearing or compaction and the loose mate-
rial removed. Where rain falls on an open excavation, the
soil shall be left until sufficiently dry so a soil wire will not
form when soil from the excavation bottom is rolled
between the hands. The bottom area shall then be scarified
and loose material removed.
C103.9.5 Aggregate and backfill. A minimum of 6 inches
of aggregate ranging in size from Vz to IVz inches (12.7 mm
to 64 mm) shall be laid into the trench below the distribution
piping elevation. The aggregate shall be evenly distributed a
minimum of 2 inches (5 1 mm) over the top of the distribu-
tion pipe. The aggregate shall be covered with approved
synthetic materials or 9 inches (229 mm) of uncompacted
marsh hay or straw. Building paper shall not be used to cover
the aggregate. A minimum of 9 inches (229 mm) of soil
backfill shall be provided above the covering.
C103.10 Distribution piping. Distribution piping shall be not
less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter. Materials shall comply
with Table C103.10. The top of the distribution pipe shall be
not less than 8 inches (203 mm) below the original surface. The
slope of the distribution pipes shall be a minimum of 2 inches
(5 1 mm) and a maximum of 4 inches (102 mm) per 100 feet (30
480 mm).
TABLE C1 03.10
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
MATERIAL
STANDARD
Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe
ASTM F 405
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe
ASTM D 2729
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe
with pipe stiffness of PS 35 and PS 50
ASTM F 1488
For SI: 1 minute per inch = min/25.4 mm,
1 gallon per square foot = 40.7 L/tn 2 .
C103.ll Joints. Joints in distribution pipe shall be made in
accordance with Section 705 of this code.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
107
>
-a
-a
m
z
g
x
o
GRAY WATER
INFLUENT
I XH
FILTER
SYSTEM
TANK— v
DRAIN \
ro
o
o
O
Z
>
I -
■o
I-
c
5
CD
Z
a
o
o
o
m
rtxH
VENT
OVERFLOW
GRAY WATER
RESERVOIR
INDIRECT DISCHARGE
TO SANITARY
DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
-KHXl
z
CHECK VALVE
IRRIGATION ZONE
IRRIGATION ZONE
INDIRECT DISCHARGE
TO SANITARY DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
FIGURE 1
GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR SUBSURFACE LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION ZONE
POTABLE-
MAKEUP
WATER
SUPPLY
c
s
w
z
o
o
o
o
m
— iXK
BACKFLOW
PREVENTION
DEVICE
GRAY WATER
INFLUENT
IXH
FILTER
SYSTEM
TANK— v
DRAIN \
rXH
VENT
OVERFLOW
GRAY WATER
RESERVOIR
1
r
INDIRECT DISCHARGE
TO SANITARY
DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
-XH
INDIRECT DISCHARGE
TO SANITARY DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
EFFLUENT TO
FLUSHING FIXTURES
DISINFECTION
UNIT
COLORING
DYE INJECTION
UNIT
FIGURE 2
GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR FLUSHING WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS
>
■o
■o
m
z
g
x
o
1 1 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX D
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES
TABLE D101
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES 8 FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
STATE
STATION"
HEATING
DEGREE DAYS
(yearly total)
DESIGN TEMPERATURES
DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE
Winter
Summer
97 1 / 2 %
Dry bulb 2 1 / 2 %
Wet bulb 2 1 / 2 %
AL
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
2,551
3,070
1,560
2,291
21
16
29
25
94
96
93
95
77
77
79
79
33°30'
34°40'
30°40'
32°20'
AK
Anchorage
Fairbanks
Juneau
Nome
10,864
14,279
9,075
14,171
-18
-47
1
-27
68
78
70
62
59
62
59
56
61°10'
64°50'
58°20'
64°30'
AZ
Flagstaff
Phoenix
Tuscon
Yuma
7,152
1,765
1,800
974
4
34
32
39
82
107
102
109
60
75
71
78
35° 10'
33°30'
33°10'
32°40'
AR
Fort Smith
Little Rock
Texarkana
3,292
3,219
2,533
17
20
23
98
96
96
79
79
79
35°20'
34°40'
33°30'
CA
Fresno
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Los Angeles d
Oakland
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Francisco d
2,611
1,803
2,061
1,349
2,870
2,502
1,458
3,015
3,001
30
43
43
40
36
32
44
38
40
100
80
80
89
80
98
80
77
71
71
69
69
71
64
71
70
64
62
36°50'
33°50'
34°00'
34°00'
37°40'
38°30'
32°40'
37°40'
37°50'
CO
Alamosa
Colorado Springs
Denver
Grand Junction
Pueblo
8,529
6,423
6,283
5,641
5,462
-16
2
1
7
82
88
91
94
95
61
62
63
63
66
37°30'
38°50'
39°50'
39° 10'
38°20'
CT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Haven
5,617
6,235
5,897
9
7
7
84
88
84
74
75
75
41°10'
41°50'
41°20'
DE
Wilmington
4,930
14
89
76
39°40'
DC
Washington
4,224
17
91
77
38°50'
FL
Daytona
Fort Myers
Jacksonville
Key West
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tallahassee
Tampa
West Palm Beach
879
442
1,239
108
214
766
1,463
1,485
683
253
35
44
32
57
47
38
29
30
40
45
90
92
94
90
90
93
93
92
91
91
79
79
79
79
79
78
79
78
79
79
29° 10'
26°40'
30°30'
24°30'
25°50'
28°30'
30°30'
30°20'
28°00'
26°40'
(continued)
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
111
APPENDIX D
TABLE D101 — continued
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES 8 FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
STATE
STATION"
HEATING
DEGREE DAYS
(yearly total)
DESIGN TEMPERATURES
DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE
Winter
Summer
97 1 / 2 %
Dry bulb 2 1 / 2 %
Wet bulb 2 1 / 2 %
GA
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon
Rome
Savannah
2,929
2,961
2,397
2,383
2,136
3,326
1,819
22
22
23
24
25
22
27
92
92
95
93
93
93
93
77
76
79
78
78
78
79
34°00'
; 33°40'
33°20'
32°30'
32°40'
34°20'
32° 10'
HI
Hilb
Honolulu
62
63
83
86
74
75
19°40'
21°20'
ID
Boise
Lewiston
Pocatello
5,809
5,542
7,033
10
6
-1
94
93
91
66
66
63
43°30'
46°20'
43°00'
IL
Chicago (Midway)
Chicago (O'Hare)
Chicago d
Moline
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
6,155
6,639
5,882
6,408
6,025
6,830
5,429
-4
2
-4
-4
-4
2
91
89
91
91
89
89
92
75
76
77
77
76
76
77
41°50'
42°00'
41°50'
41°30'
40°40'
42°10'
39°50'
IN
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Indianapolis
South Bend
4,435
6,205
5,699
6,439
9
1
2
1
93
89
90
89
78
75
76
75
38°00'
41°00'
39°40'
4P40'
IA
Burlington
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo
6,114
6,588
7,376
6,951
7,320
-3
-5
-7
-7
-10
91
91
88
92
89
77
77
75
77
77
40°50'
41°30'
42°20'
42°20'
42°30'
KS
Dodge City
Goodland
Topeka
Wichita
4,986
6,141
5,182
4,620
5
4
7
97
96
96
98
73
70
78
76
37°50'
39°20'
39°00'
37°40'
KY
Covington
Lexington
Louisville
5,265
4,683
4,660
6
8
10
90
91
93
75
76
77
39°00'
38°00'
38° 10'
LA
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Lake Charles
New Orleans
Shreveport
1,921
1,560
1,459
1,385
2,184
27
29 '
31
33
25
94
93
93
92
96
79
80
79
80
79
31°20'
30°30'
30° 10'
30°00'
32°30'
ME
Caribou
Portland
9,767
7,511
-13
-1
81
84
69
72
46°50'
43°40'
MD
Baltimore
Baltimore d
Frederick
4,654
4,111
5,087
13
17
12
91
89
91
77
78
77
39°10'
39°20'
39°20'
(continued)
112
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX D
TABLE D1 01— continued
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES" FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
STATE
STATION"
HEATING
DEGREE DAYS
(yearly total)
DESIGN TEMPERATURES
DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE
Winter
Summer
97 1 / 2 %
Dry bulb 2 1 / 2 %
Wet bulb 2 1 / 2 %
MA
Boston
Pittsfield
Worcester
5,634
7,578
6,969
9
-3
4
88
84
84
74
72
72
42°20'
42°30'
42°20'
MI
Alpena
Detroit (City)
Escanaba d
Flint
Grand Rapids
Lansing
Marquette d
Muskegon
Sault Ste. Marie
8,506
6,232
8,481
7,377
6,894
6,909
8,393
6,696
9,048
-6
6
-7
1
5
1
-8
6
-8
85
88
83
87
88
87
81
84
81
72
74
71
74
74
74
70
73
70
45°00'
42°20'
45°40'
43°00'
42°50'
42°50'
46°30'
43° 10'
46°30'
MN
Duluth
Minneapolis
Rochester
10,000
8,382
8,295
-16
-12
-12
82
89
87
70
5
75
46°50'
44°50'
44°00'
MS
Jackson
Meridian
Vicksburg d
2,239
2,289
2,041
25
23
26
95
95
95
78
79
80
32°20'
32°20'
32°20'
MO
Columbia
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
St. Louis' 1
Springfield
5,046
4,711
5,484
4,900
4,484
4,900
4
6
2
6
8
9
94
96
93
94
94
93
77
77
79
77
77
77
39°00'
39° 10'
39°50'
38°50'
38°40'
37° 10'
MT
Billings
Great Falls
Helena
Missoula
7,049
7,750
8,129
8,125
-10
-15
-16
-6
91
88
88
88
66
62
62
63
45°50'
47°30'
46°40'
46°50'
NE
Grand Island
Lincoln" 1
Norfolk
North Platte
Omaha
Scottsbluff
6,530
5,864
6,979
6,684
6,612
6,673
-3
-2
-4
-4
-3
-3
94
95
93
94
91
92
74
77
77
72
77
68
41°00'
40°50'
42°00'
41° 10'
41°20'
41°50'
NV
Elko
Ely
Las Vegas
Reno
Winnemucca
7,433 .
7,733
2,709
6,332
6,761
-2
-4
28
10
3
92
87
106
92
94
62
59
70
62
62
40°50'
39°10'
36°10'
39°30'
40°50'
NH
Concord
7,383
-3
87
73
43° 10'
NJ
Atlantic City
Newark
Trenton d
4,812
4,589
4,980
13
14
14
89
91
88
77
76
76
39°30'
40°40'
40°10'
NM
Albuquerque
Raton
Roswell
Silver City
4,348
6,228
3,793
3,705
16
1
18
10
94
89
98
94
65
64
70
64
35°00'
36°50'
33°20'
32°40'
(continued)
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
113
APPENDIX D
TABLE D1 01— continued
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES 8 FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
STATE
STATION"
HEATING
DEGREE DAYS
(yearly total)
DESIGN TEMPERATURES
DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE
Winter
Summer
97V 2 %
Dry bulb 2V 2 %
Wet bulb 2 1 / 2 %
NY
Albany
Albany d
Binghamton
Buffalo
NY (Central Park) d
NY (Kennedy)
NY(LaGuardia)
Rochester
Schenectady d
Syracuse
6,875
6,201
7,286
7,062
4,871
5,219
4,811
6,748
6,650
6,756
-1
1
1
6
15
15
15
5
1
2
88
88
83
85
89
87
89
88
87
87
74
74
72
73
75
75
75
73
74
73
42°50'
42°50'
42° 10'
43°00'
40°50'
40°40'
40°50'
43° 10'
42°50'
43° 10'
NC
Charlotte
Greensboro
Raleigh
Winston-Salem
3,181
3,805
3,393
3,595
22
18
20
20
93
91
92
91
76
76
77
75
35° 10'
36° 10'
35°50'
36° 10'
ND
Bismarck
Devils Lake d
Fargo
Williston
8,851
9,901
9,226
9,243
-19
-21
-18
-21
91
88
89
88
71
71
74
70
46°50'
48° 10'
46°50'
48° 10'
OH
Akron-Canton
Cincinnati* 1
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Mansfield
Sandusky d
Toledo
Youngstown
6,037
4,410
6,351
5,660
5,622
6,403
5,796
6,494
6,417
6
6
5
5
4
5
6
1
4
86
90
88
90
89
87
91
88
86
73
75
74
75
75
74
74
75
73
41°00'
39° 10'
41°20'
40°00'
39°50'
40°50'
41°30'
41°40'
41°20'
OK
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
3,725
3,860
13
13
97
98
77
78
35°20'
36° 10'
OR
Eugene
Medford
Portland
Portland d
Salem
4,726
5,008
4,635
4,109
4,754
22
23
23
24
23
89
94
85
86
88
67
68
67
67
68
44° 10'
42°20'
45°40'
45°30'
45°00'
PA
Allentown
Erie
Harrisburg
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh 11
Reading d
Scranton
Williamsport
5,810
6,451
5,251
5,144
5,987
5,053
4,945
6,254
5,934
9
9
11
14
5
7
13
5
7
88
85
91
90
86
88
89
87
89
75
74
76
76
73
73
75
73
74
40°40'
42° 10'
40° 10'
39°50'
40°30'
40°30'
40°20'
41°20'
41°10'
RI
Providence
5,954
9
86
74
41°40'
SC
Charleston
Charleston* 1
Columbia
2,033
1,794
2,484
27
28
24
91
92
95
80
80
78
32°50'
32°50'
34°00'
(continued)
114
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE"
APPENDIX D
TABLE D1 01— continued
DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES 8 FOR CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
STATE
STATION"
HEATING
DEGREE DAYS
(yearly total)
DESIGN TEMPERATURES
DEGREES NORTH
LATITUDE
Winter
Summer
97 1 / 2 %
Dry bulb 2 1 / 2 %
Wet bulb 2 1 / 2 %
SD
Huron
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
8,223
7,345
7,839
-14
-7
-11
93
92
91
75
69
75
44°30'
44°00'
43°40'
TN
Bristol
Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
4,143
3,254
3,494
3,232
3,578
14
18
19
18
14
89
93
92
95
94
75
77
76
79
77
36°30'
35°00'
35°50'
35°00'
36° 10'
TX
Abilene
Austin
Dallas
El Paso
Houston
Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls
2,624
1,711
2,363
2,700
1,396
2,591
2,255
1,546
2,030
2,832
20
28
22
24
32
21
22
30
26
18
99
98
100
98
94
98
99
97
99
101
74
77
78
68
79
72
74
76
78
76
32°30'
30°20'
32°50'
31°50'
29°40'
32°00'
31°20'
29°30'
31°40'
34°00'
UT
Salt Lake City
6,052
8
95
65
40°50'
VT
Burlington
8,269
-7
85
72
44°30'
VA
Lynchburg
Norfolk
Richmond
Roanoke
4,166
3,421
3,865
4,150
16
22
17
16
90
91
92
91
76
78
78
74
37°20'
36°50'
37°30'
37°20'
WA
Olympia
Seattle-Tacoma
Seattle d
Spokane
5,236
5,145
4,424
6,655
22
26
27
2
83
80
82
90
66
64
67
64
47°00'
47°30'
47°40'
47°40'
WV
Charleston
Elkins
Huntington
Parkersburg d
4,476
5,675
4,446
4,754
11
6
10
11
90
84
91
90
. 75
72
77
76
38°20'
38°50'
38°20'
39°20'
WI
Green Bay
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
8,029
7,589
7,863
7,635
-9
-9
-7
-4
85
88
88
87
74
75
75
74
44°30'
43°50'
43° 10'
43°00'
WY
Casper
Cheyenne
Lander
Sheridan
7,410
7,381
7,870
7,680
-5
-1
-11
-8
90
86
88
91
61
62
63
65
42°50'
41°10'
42°50'
44°50'
a. All data were extracted from the 1985 ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals Volume.
b. Design data developed from airport temperature observations unless noted.
c. Latitude is given to the nearest 10 minutes. For example, the latitude for Miami, Florida, is given as 25°50', or 25 degrees 50 minutes.
d. Design data developed from office locations within an urban area, not from airport temperature observations.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
115
116 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM
SECTION E101
GENERAL
E101.1 Scope.
E101.1.1 This appendix outlines two procedures for sizing
a water piping system (see Sections El 03. 3 and E201.1).
The design procedures are based on the minimum static
pressure available from the supply source, the head charges
in the system caused by friction and elevation, and the rates
of flow necessary for operation of various fixtures.
E101.1.2 Because of the variable conditions encountered in
hydraulic design, it is impractical to specify definite and
detailed rules for sizing of the water piping system. Accord-
ingly, other sizing or design methods conforming to good
engineering practice standards are acceptable alternatives to
those presented herein.
SECTION E102
INFORMATION REQUIRED
E102.1 Preliminary. Obtain the necessary information
regarding the minimum daily static service pressure in the area
where the building is to be located. If the building supply is to
be metered, obtain information regarding friction loss relative
to the rate of flow for meters in the range of sizes likely to be
used. Friction loss data can be obtained from most manufactur-
ers of water meters.
E102.2 Demand load.
E102.2.1 Estimate the supply demand of the building main
and the principal branches and risers of the system by total-
ing the corresponding demand from the applicable part of
Table E103.3(3).
E102.2.2 Estimate continuous supply demands in gallons
per minute (L/m) for lawn sprinklers, air conditioners, etc.,
and add the sum to the total demand for fixtures. The result
is the estimated supply demand for the building supply.
SECTION E1 03
SELECTION OF PIPE SIZE
E103.1 General. Decide from Table 604.3 what is the desir-
able minimum residual pressure that should be maintained at
the highest fixture in the supply system. If the highest group of
fixtures contains flush valves, the pressure for the group should
not be less than 15 pounds per square inch (psi) (103.4 kPa)
flowing. For flush tank supplies, the available pressure should
not be less than 8 psi (55.2 kPa) flowing, except blowout action
fixtures must not be less than 25 psi (172.4 kPa) flowing.
E103.2 Pipe sizing.
E103.2.1 Pipe sizes can be selected according to the follow-
ing procedure or by other design methods conforming to
acceptable engineering practice and approved by the admin-
istrative authority. The sizes selected must not be less than
the minimum required by this code.
E103.2.2 Water pipe sizing procedures are based on a sys-
tem of pressure requirements and losses, the sum of which
must not exceed the minimum pressure available at the sup-
ply source. These pressures are as follows:
1 . Pressure required at fixture to produce required flow.
See Sections 604.3 and 604.5.
2. Static pressure loss or gain (due to head) is computed
at 0.433 psi per foot (9.8 kPa/m) of elevation change.
Example: Assume that the highest fixture supply
outlet is 20 feet (6096 mm) above or below the sup-
ply source. This produces a static pressure differ-
ential of 20 feet by 0.433 psi/foot (2096 mm by 9.8
kPa/m) and an 8.66 psi (59.8 kPa) loss.
3. Loss through water meter. The friction or pressure
loss can be obtained from meter manufacturers.
4. Loss through taps in water main.
5. Losses through special devices such as filters, softeners,
backflow prevention devices and pressure regulators.
These values must be obtained from the manufacturers.
6. Loss through valves and fittings. Losses for these
items are calculated by converting to equivalent
length of piping and adding to the total pipe length.
7. Loss due to pipe friction can be calculated when the
pipe size, the pipe length and the flow through the
pipe are known. With these three items, the friction
loss can be determined. For piping flow charts not
included, use manufacturers' tables and velocity rec-
ommendations.
Note: For the purposes of all examples, the following
metric conversions are applicable:
1 cubic foot per minute = 0.4719 L/s
1 square foot = 0.0929 m 2
1 degree = 0.0175 rad
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa
1 inch = 25.4 mm
1 foot = 304.8 mm
1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m
E103.3 Segmented loss method. The size of water service
mains, branch mains and risers by the segmented loss method,
must be determined according to water supply demand [gpm
(L/m)], available water pressure [psi (kPa)] and friction loss
caused by the water meter and developed length of pipe [feet
(m)] , including equivalent length of fittings . This design proce-
dure is based on the following parameters:
• Calculates the friction loss through each length of the pipe.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
117
APPENDIX E
• Based on a system of pressure losses, the sum of which
must not exceed the minimum pressure available at the
street main or other source of supply.
• Pipe sizing based on estimated peak demand, total pressure
losses caused by difference in elevation, equipment, devel-
oped length and pressure required at most remote fixture,
loss through taps in water main, losses through fittings, fil-
ters, backflow prevention devices, valves and pipe friction.
Because of the variable conditions encountered in hydraulic
design, it is impractical to specify definite and detailed rules for
sizing of the water piping system. Current sizing methods do
not address the differences in the probability of use and flow
characteristics of fixtures between types of occupancies. Creat-
ing an exact model of predicting the demand for a building is
impossible and final studies assessing the impact of water con-
servation on demand are not yet complete. The following steps
are necessary for the segmented loss method.
1. Preliminary. Obtain the necessary information regard-
ing the minimum daily static service pressure in the area
where the building is to be located. If the building supply
is to be metered, obtain information regarding friction
loss relative to the rate of flow for meters in the range of
sizes to be used. Friction loss data can be obtained from
manufacturers of water meters. It is essential that enough
pressure be available to overcome all system losses
caused by friction and elevation so that plumbing fix-
tures operate properly. Section 604.6 requires the water
distribution system to be designed for the minimum pres-
sure available taking into consideration pressure fluctua-
tions. The lowest pressure must be selected to guarantee
a continuous, adequate supply of water. The lowest pres-
sure in the public main usually occurs in the summer
because of lawn sprinkling and supplying water for
air-conditioning cooling towers. Future demands placed
on the public main as a result of large growth or expan-
sion should also be considered. The available pressure
will decrease as additional loads are placed on the public
system.
, 2. Demand load. Estimate the supply demand of the build-
ing main and the principal branches and risers of the sys-
tem by totaling the corresponding demand from the
applicable part of Table E103.3(3). When estimating
peak demand sizing methods typically use water supply
fixture units (w.s.f.u.)[see Table E103.3(2)]. This
numerical factor measures the load-producing effect of a
single plumbing fixture of a given kind. The use of such
fixture units can be applied to a single basic probability
curve (or table), found in the various sizing methods
[Table E103.3(3)]. The fixture units are then converted
into gallons per minute (L/m) flow rate for estimating
demand.
2.1. Estimate continuous supply demand in gallons
per minute (L/m) for lawn sprinklers, air condi-
tioners, etc., and add the sum to the total demand
for fixtures. The result is the estimated supply
demand for the building supply. Fixture units
cannot be applied to constant use fixtures such as
hose bibbs, lawn sprinklers and air conditioners.
These types of fixtures must be assigned the gal-
lon per minute (L/m) value.
3. Selection of pipe size. This water pipe sizing procedure
is based on a system of pressure requirements and losses,
the sum of which must not exceed the minimum pressure
available at the supply source. These pressures are as fol-
lows:
3.1. Pressure required at the fixture to produce
required flow. See Section 604.3 and Section
604.5.
3.2. Static pressure loss or gain (because of head) is
computed at 0.433 psi per foot (9.8 kPa/m) of ele-
vation change.
3.3. Loss through a water meter. The friction or pres-
sure loss can be obtained from the manufacturer.
3.4. Loss through taps in water main [see Table
E103.3(4)].
3.5. Losses through special devices such as filters,
softeners, backflow prevention devices and pres-
sure regulators. These values must be obtained
from the manufacturers.
3.6. Loss through valves and fittings [see Tables
E103.3(5) and E103.3(6)]. Losses for these items
are calculated by converting to equivalent length
of piping and adding to the total pipe length.
3.7. Loss caused by pipe friction can be calculated
when the pipe size, the pipe length and the flow
through the pipe are known. With these three
items, the friction loss can be determined using
Figures E103.3(2) through E103.3(7). When
using charts, use pipe inside diameters. For pip-
ing flow charts not included, use manufacturers'
tables and velocity recommendations. Before
attempting to size any water supply system, it is
necessary to gather preliminary information
which includes available pressure, piping mate-
rial, select design velocity, elevation differences
and developed length to most remote fixture. The
water supply system is divided into sections at
major changes in elevation or where branches
lead to fixture groups. The peak demand must be
determined in each part of the hot and cold water
supply system which includes the corresponding
water supply fixture unit and conversion to gal-
lons per minute (L/m) flow rate to be expected
through each section. Sizing methods require the
determination of the "most hydraulically
remote" fixture to compute the pressure loss
caused by pipe and fittings. The hydraulically
remote fixture represents the most downstream
fixture along the circuit of piping requiring the
most available pressure to operate properly. Con-
sideration must be given to all pressure demands
and losses, such as friction caused by pipe, fit-
tings and equipment, elevation and the residual
pressure required by Table 604.3. The two most
common and frequent complaints about the
118
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE*
APPENDIX E
water supply system operation are lack of ade-
quate pressure and noise.
Problem: What size Type L copper water pipe, service and dis-
tribution will be required to serve a two-story factory building
having on each floor, back-to-back, two toilet rooms each
equipped with hot and cold water? The highest fixture is 21 feet
(6401 mm) above the street main, which is tapped with a 2-inch
(51 mm) corporation cock at which point the minimum pres-
sure is 55 psi (379.2 kPa). In the building basement, a 2-inch
(51 mm) meter with a maximum pressure drop of 1 1 psi (75.8
kPa) and 3-inch (76 mm) reduced pressure principle backflow
preventer with a maximum pressure drop of 9 psi (62 1 kPa) are
to be installed. The system is shown by Figure E103.3(l). To be
determined are the pipe sizes for the service main and the cold
and hot water distribution pipes.
Solution: A tabular arrangement such as shown in Table
E103.3(l) should first be constructed. The steps to be fol-
lowed are indicated by the tabular arrangement itself as they
are in sequence, columns 1 through 10 and lines A through
L.
Stepl
Columns 1 and 2: Divide the system into sections breaking
at major changes in elevation or where branches lead to fix-
ture groups. After point B [see Figure E103.3(l)], separate
consideration will be given to the hot and cold water piping.
Enter the sections to be considered in the service and cold
water piping in Column 1 of the tabular arrangement. Col-
umn 1 of Table El 03.3(1) provides a line-by-line recom-
mended tabular arrangement for use in solving pipe sizing.
The objective in designing the water supply system is to
ensure an adequate water supply and pressure to all fixtures
and equipment. Column 2 provides the pounds per square
inch (psi) to be considered separately from the minimum
pressure available at the main. Losses to take into consider-
ation are the following: the differences in elevations
between the water supply source and the highest water sup-
ply outlet, meter pressure losses, the tap in main loss, special
fixture devices such as water softeners and backflow pre-
vention devices and the pressure required at the most remote
fixture outlet. The difference in elevation can result in an
increase or decrease in available pressure at the main.
Where the water supply outlet is located above the source,
this results in a loss in the available pressure and is sub-
tracted from the pressure at the water source. Where the
highest water supply outlet is located below the water sup-
ply source, there will be an increase in pressure that is added
to the available pressure of the water source.
Column 3: According to Table E103.3(3), determine the
gpm (L/m) of flow to be expected in each section of the sys-
tem. These flows range from 28.6 to 108 gpm. Load values
for fixtures must be determined as water supply fixture units
and then converted to a gallon-per-minute (gpm) rating to
determine peak demand. When calculating peak demands,
the water supply fixture units are added and then converted
to the gallon-per-minute rating. For continuous flow fix-
tures such as hose bibbs and lawn sprinkler systems, add the
gallon-per-minute demand to the intermittent demand of
fixtures. For example, a total of 120 water supply fixture
units is converted to a demand of 48 gallons per minute. Two
hose bibbs x 5 gpm demand =10 gpm. Total gpm rating =
48.0 gpm + 10 gpm = 58.0 gpm demand.
Step 2
Line A: Enter the minimum pressure available at the main
source of supply in Column 2. This is 55 psi (379.2 kPa).
The local water authorities generally keep records of pres-
sures at different times of day and year. The available pres-
sure can also be checked from nearby buildings or from fire
department "hydrant checks.
Line B: Determine from Table 604.3 the highest pressure
required for the fixtures on the system, which is 15 psi
(103.4 kPa), to operate a flushometer valve. The most
remote fixture outlet is necessary to compute the pressure
loss caused by pipe and fittings, and represents the most
downstream fixture along the circuit of piping requiring the
available pressure to operate properly as indicated by Table
604.3.
Line C: Determine the pressure loss for the meter size given
or assumed. The total water flow from the main through the
service as determined in Step 1 will serve to aid in the meter
selected. There are three common types of water meters; the
pressure losses are determined by the American Water
Works Association Standards for displacement type, com-
pound type and turbine type. The maximum pressure loss of
such devices takes into consideration the meter size, safe
operating capacity (gpm) and maximum rates for continu-
ous operations (gpm). Typically, equipment imparts greater
pressure losses than piping.
Line D: Select from Table El 03. 3 (4) and enter the pressure
loss for the tap size given or assumed. The loss of pressure
through taps and tees in pounds per square inch (psi) are
based on the total gallon-per-minute flow rate and size of the
tap.
Line E: Determine the difference in elevation between the
main and source of supply and the highest fixture on the sys-
tem. Multiply this figure, expressed in feet, by 0.43 psi (2.9
kPa). Enter the resulting psi loss on Line E. The difference
in elevation between the water supply source and the highest
water supply outlet has a significant impact on the sizing of
the water supply system. The difference in elevation usually
results in a loss in the available pressure because the water
supply outlet is generally located above the water supply
source. The loss is caused by the pressure required to lift the
water to the outlet. The pressure loss is subtracted from the
pressure at the water source. Where the highest water supply
outlet is located below the water source, there will be an
increase in pressure which is added to the available pressure
of the water source.
Lines F, G and H: The pressure losses through filters,
backflow prevention devices or other special fixtures must
be obtained from the manufacturer or estimated and entered
on "these lines. Equipment such as backflow prevention
devices, check valves, water softeners, instantaneous or
tankless water heaters, filters and strainers can impart a
much greater pressure loss than the piping. The pressure
losses can range from 8 psi to 30 psi.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
119
APPENDIX E
Step 3
Line I: The sum of the pressure requirements and losses that
affect the overall system (Lines B through H) is entered on
this line. Summarizing the steps, all of the system losses are
subtracted from the minimum water pressure. The remain-
der is the pressure available for friction, defined as the
energy available to push the water through the pipes to each
fixture. This force can be used as an average pressure loss,
as long as the pressure available for friction is not exceeded.
Saving a certain amount for available water supply pres-
sures as an area incurs growth, or because of aging of the
pipe or equipment added to the system is recommended.
Step 4
Line J: Subtract Line I from Line A. This gives the pressure
that remains available from overcoming friction losses in
the system. This figure is a guide to the pipe size that is cho-
sen for each section, incorporating the total friction losses to
the most remote outlet (measured length is called developed
length).
Exception: When the main is above the highest fixture,
the resulting psi must be considered a pressure gain
(static head gain) and omitted from the sums of Lines B
through H and added to Line J.
The maximum friction head loss that can be tolerated in
the system during peak demand is the difference between
the static pressure at the highest and most remote outlet at
no-flow conditions and the minimum flow pressure
required at that outlet. If the losses are within the required
limits, then every run of pipe will also be within the required
friction head loss. Static pressure loss is the most remote
outlet in feet x 0.433 = loss in psi caused by elevation differ-
ences.
Step 5
Column 4: Enter the length of each section from the main to
the most remote outlet (at Point E). Divide the water supply
system into sections breaking at major changes in elevation
or where branches lead to fixture groups.
Step 6
Column 5: When selecting a trial pipe size, the length from
the water service or meter to the most remote fixture outlet
must be measured to determine the developed length. How-
ever, in systems having a flush valve or temperature con-
trolled shower at the top most floors the developed length
would be from the water meter to the most remote flush
valve on the system. A rule of thumb is that size will become
progressively smaller as the system extends farther from the
main source of supply. Trial pipe size may be arrived at by
the following formula:
Line J: (Pressure available to overcome pipe friction) x
100/equivalent length of run total developed length to most
remote fixture x percentage factor of 1 .5 (note: a percentage
factor is used only as an estimate for friction losses imposed
for fittings for initial trial pipe size) = psi (average pressure
drops per 100 feet of pipe).
For trial pipe size see Figure E 103.3(3) (Type L copper)
based on 2.77 psi and a 108 gpm = 2V 2 inches. To determine
the equivalent length of run to the most remote outlet, the
developed length is determined and added to the friction
losses for fittings and valves. The developed lengths of the
designated pipe sections are as follows:
A - B 54 ft
B - C 8 ft
C-D 13 ft
D-E 150ft
Total developed length = 225 ft
The equivalent length of the friction loss in fittings and
valves must be added to the developed length (most remote
outlet). Where the size of fittings and valves is not known,
the added friction loss should be approximated. A general
rule that has been used is to add 50 percent of the developed
length to allow for fittings and valves. For example, the
equivalent length of run equals the developed length of run
(225 ft x 1.5 = 338 ft). The total equivalent length of run for
determining a trial pipe size is 338 feet.
Example: 9.36 (pressure available to overcome pipe
friction) xl00/ 338 (equivalent length of. run = 225 x 1 .5)
= 2.77 psi (average pressure drop per 100 feet of pipe).
Step 7
Column 6: Select from Table E103.3(6) the equivalent
lengths for the trial pipe size of fittings and valves on each
pipe section. Enter the sum for each section in Column 6.
(The number of fittings to be used in this example must be
an estimate.) The equivalent length of piping is the devel-
oped length plus the equivalent lengths of pipe correspond-
ing to friction head losses for fittings and valves. Where the
size of fittings and valves is not known, the added friction
head losses must be approximated. An estimate for this
example is found in Table E.l.
Step 8
Column 7: Add the figures from Column 4 and Column 6, and
enter in Column 7. Express the sum in hundreds of feet.
120
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
TABLE E.1
COLD WATER
PIPE SECTION
FITTINGS/VALVES
PRESSURE LOSS
EXPRESSED AS
EQUIVALENT LENGTH
OF TUBE (feet)
HOT WATER PIPE
SECTION
FITTINGS/VALVES
PRESSURE LOSS
EXPRESSED AS
EQUIVALENT OF TUBE
(feet)
A-B
3-2V 2 " Gate valves
3
A-B
3-2V 2 " Gate valves
3
1-2V 2 " Side branch tee
12
1-2V 2 " Side branch tee
12
B-C
1-2V 2 " Straight run tee
0.5
B-C
1-2" Straight run tee
7
1-2" 90-degree ell
0.5
C-F
I-2V2" Side branch tee
12
C-F
1-1 x l{' Side branch tee
7
CD
1-2V 2 " 90-degree ell
7
C-D
1-V 2 " 90-degree ell
4
D-E
1-2V 2 " Side branch tee
12
D-E
1-1 V 2 " Side branch tee
7
Step 9
Column 8: Select from Figure E103.3(3) the friction loss
per 100 feet (30 480 mm) of pipe for the gallon-per-minute
flow in a section (Column 3) and trial pipe size (Column 5).
Maximum friction head loss per 100 feet is determined on
the basis of total pressure available for friction head loss and
the longest equivalent length of run. The selection is based
on the gallon-per-minute demand, the uniform friction head
loss, and the maximum design velocity. Where the size indi-
cated by hydraulic table indicates a velocity in excess of the
selected velocity, a size must be selected which produces the
required velocity.
Step 10 v
Column 9: Multiply the figures in Columns 7 and 8 for each
section and enter in Column 9.
Total friction loss is determined by multiplying the fric-
tion loss per 100 feet (30 480 mm) for each pipe section in
the total developed length by the pressure loss in fittings
expressed as equivalent length in feet. Note: Section C-F
should be considered in the total pipe friction losses only if
greater loss occurs in Section C-F than in pipe section D-E.
Section C-F is not considered in the total developed length.
Total friction loss in equivalent length is determined in
Table E.2.
Step 11
Line K: Enter the sum of the values in Column 9. The value
is the total friction loss in equivalent length for each desig-
nated pipe section.
Step 12
Line L: Subtract Line J from Line K and enter in Column
10.
The result should always be a positive or plus figure. If it
is not, repeat the operation using Columns 5, 6, 8 and 9 until
a balance or near balance is obtained. If the difference
between Lines J and K is a high positive number, it is an
indication that the pipe sizes are too large and should be
reduced, thus saving materials. In such a case, the opera-
tions using Columns 5, 6, 8 and 9 should again be repeated.
The total friction losses are determined and subtracted
from the pressure available to overcome pipe friction for
trial pipe size. This number is critical as it provides a guide
to whether the pipe size selected is too large and the process
should be repeated to obtain an economically designed sys-
tem.
Answer: The final figures entered in Column 5 become the
design pipe size for the respective sections. Repeating this
operation a second time using the same sketch but consider-
ing the demand for hot water, it is possible to size the hot
water distribution piping. This has been worked up as a part
of the overall problem in the tabular arrangement used for siz-
ing the service and water distribution piping. Note that con-
sideration must be given to the pressure losses from the street
main to the water heater (Section A-B) in determining the hot
water pipe sizes.
TABLE E.2
PIPE SECTIONS
FRICTION LOSS EQUIVALENT LENGTH (feet)
Cold Water
Hot Water
A-B
0.69 x 3.2 = 2.21
0.69 x 3.2 = 2.21
B-C
0.085x3.1 = 0.26
0.16x1.4 = 0.22
CD
0.20x1.9 = 0.38
0.17x3.2 = 0.54
D-E
1.62x1.9 = 3.08
1.57x3.2 = 5.02
Total pipe friction losses
(Line K)
5.93
7.99
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
121
APPENDIX E
A
O—
MAIN
HOT WATER
COLD WATER
M = METER
BFP = BACKFLOW PREVENTER
S
= 90 DEGREE ELBOW
H-T
H = VALVE
FLOOR 2
288 fu, 108 gpm
1
D
132 fu,
77 gpm
C-
FLOOR 1
264 fu, _
104.5 gpm
^40-KO H B l
M BFP
54 FT.
D'
T
i— ,
M
- B', r
150 FT.
132 fu, 77 gpm
-12 fu, 28.6 gpm
•132 fu, 77 gpm
^
I2fu, 28.6 gpm
-24 fu, 38 gpm
VWER HEATER
^^
E
,-I
E'
F'
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m.
FIGURE E1 03.3(1)
EXAMPLE-SIZING
122
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
TABLE E1 03.3(1)
RECOMMENDED TABULAR ARRANGEMENT FOR USE IN SOLVING PIPE SIZING PROBLEMS
COLUMN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Line
Description
Lb
per
square
inch
(psi)
Gal. per
min
through
section
Length
of
section
(feet)
Trial
pipe
size
(inches)
Equivalent
length of
fittings
and valves
(feet)
Total
equivalent
length
col. 4 and
col. 6 (100
feet)
Friction
loss per
100 feet
of trial
size pipe
(psi)
Friction
loss in
equivalent
length col.
8 x col. 7
(psi)
Excess
pressure
over
friction
losses
(psi)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
Service and
cold water
distribution
piping 3
Minimum pressure available at main . . 55.00
Highest pressure required at a fixture
(Table 604.3) 15.00
Meter loss 2" m<
Tap in main loss
Static head loss
Special fixture 1<
preventer . . .
Special fixture 1<
Special fixture 1
Total overall los
(Sum of Lines
Pressure availab
pipe friction
(Line A minu
iter 11.00
2" tap (Table E103A) .1.61
21x43psi 9.03
ass backflow
9.00
3ss— Filter 0.00
ass— Other 0.00
ses and requirements
> B through H) 45.64
le to overcome
s Lines B to H) 9.36
DESIGNATION
Pipe section (from diagram)
Cold water
Distribution piping
FU
AB 288
BC 264
CD 132
CF b 132
DE b 132
108.0
104.5
77.0
77.0
77.0
54
8
13
150
150
2V 2
2V 2
2V 2
2V 2
2V 2
15.00
0.5
7.00
12.00
12.00
0.69
0.85
0.20
1.62
1.62
3.2
3.1
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.21
0.26
0.38
3.08
3.08
K
L
Total pipe friction losses (cold)
Difference (Line J minus Line K)
5.93
3.43
Pipe section (from diagram)
Diagram
Hot water
Distribution
Piping
A'B' 288
B'C 24
CD' 12
C'F' b 12
DT± /b 12
108.0
38.0
28.6
28.6
28.6
54
8
13
150
150
2V 2 .
2
1V 2
1V 2
1V 2
12.00
7.5
4.0
7.00
7.00
0.69
0.16
0.17
1.57
1.57
3.3
1.4
3.2
3.2
3.2
2.21
0.22
0.54
5.02
5.02
—
K
L
Total pipe friction losses (hot)
Difference (Line J minus Line K)
7.99
1.37
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m.
a. To be considered as pressure gain for fixtures below main (to consider separately, omit from "I" and add to "J").
b. To consider separately, in K use C-F only if greater loss than above.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE*
123
APPENDIX E
TABLE E1 03.3(2)
LOAD VALUES ASSIGNED TO FIXTURES 8
FIXTURE
OCCUPANCY
TYPE OF SUPPLY
CONTROL
LOAD VALUES,
N WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (wsfu)
Cold
Hot
Total
Bathroom group
Private
Flush tank
2.7
1.5
3.6
Bathroom group
Private
Flush valve
6.0
3.0
8.0
Bathtub
Private
Faucet
1.0
1.0
1.4
Bathtub
Public
Faucet
3.0
3.0
4.0
Bidet
Private
Faucet
1.5
1.5
2.0
Combination fixture
Private
Faucet
2.25
2.25
3.0
Dishwashing machine
Private
Automatic
—
1.4
1.4
Drinking fountain
Offices, etc.
3 / g " valve
0.25
—
0.25
Kitchen sink
Private
Faucet
1.0
1.0
1.4
Kitchen sink
Hotel, restaurant
Faucet
3.0
3.0
4.0
Laundry trays (1 to 3)
Private
Faucet
1.0
1.0
1.4
Lavatory
Private
Faucet
0.5
0.5
0.7
Lavatory
Public
Faucet
1.5
1.5
2.0
Service sink
Offices, etc.
Faucet
2.25
2.25
3.0
Shower head
Public
Mixing valve
3.0
3.0
4.0
Shower head
Private
Mixing valve
1.0
1.0
1.4
Urinal
Public
1" flush valve
10.0
—
10.0
Urinal
Public
3 / 4 " flush valve
5.0
—
5.0
Urinal
Public
Flush tank
3.0
—
3.0
Washing machine (8 lb)
Private
Automatic
1.0
1.0
1.4
Washing machine (8 lb)
Public
Automatic
2.25
2.25
3.0
Washing machine (15 lb)
Public
Automatic
3.0
3.0
4.0
Water closet
Private
Flush valve
6.0
—
6.0
Water closet
Private
Flush tank
2.2
—
2.2
Water closet
Public
Flush valve
10.0
—
10.0
Water closet
Public
Flush tank
5.0
—
5.0
Water closet
Public or private
Flushometer tank
2.0
—
2.0
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
a. For fixtures not listed , loads should be assumed by comparing the fixture to one listed using water in similar quantities and at similar rates. The assigned loads for
fixtures with both hot and cold water supplies are given for separate hot and cold water loads and for total load. The separate hot and cold water loads being
three-fourths of the total load for the fixture in each case.
124
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
TABLE E1 03.3(3)
TABLE FOR ESTIMATING DEMAND
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH VALVES
Load
Demand
Load
Demand
(Water supply fixture units)
(Gallons per minute)
(Cubic feet per minute)
(Water supply fixture units)
(Gallons per minute)
(Cubic feet per minute)
1
3.0
0.04104
2
5.0
0.0684
3
6.5
0.86892
4
8.0
1.06944
5
9.4
1.256592
5
15.0
2.0052
6
10.7
1.430376
6
17.4
2.326032
7
11.8
1.577424
7
19.8
2.646364
8
12.8
1.711104
8
22.2
2.967696
9
13.7
1.831416
9
24.6
3.288528
10
14.6
1.951728
10
27.0
3.60936
11
15.4
2.058672
11
27.8
3.716304
12
16.0
2.13888
12
28.6
3.823248
13
16.5
2.20572
13
29.4
3.930192
14
17.0
2.27256
14
30.2
4.037136
15
17.5
2.3394
15
31.0
4.14408
16
18.0
2.90624
16
31.8
4.241024
17
18.4
2.459712
17.
32.6
4.357968
18
18.8
2.513184
18
33.4
4.464912
19
19.2
2.566656
19
34.2
4.571856
20
19.6
2.620128
20
35.0
4.6788
25
21.5
2.87412
25
38.0
5.07984
30
23.3
3.114744
30
42.0
5.61356
35
24.9
3.328632
35
44.0
5.88192
40
26.3
3.515784
40
46.0
6.14928
45
27.7
3.702936
45
48.0
6.41664
50
29.1
3.890088
50
50.0
6.684
60
32.0
4.27776
60
54.0
7.21872
70
35.0
4.6788
70
58.0
7.75344
80
38.0
5.07984
80
61.2
8.181216
90
41.0
5.48088
90
64.3
8.595624
100
43.5
5.81508
100
67.5
9.0234
120
48.0
6.41664
120
73.0
9.75864
140
52.5
7.0182
140
77.0
10.29336
160
57.0
7.61976
160
81.0
10.82808
180
61.0
8.15448
180
85.5
11.42964
200
65.0
8.6892
200
90.0
12.0312
225
70.0
9.3576
225
95.5
12.76644
250
75.0
10.026
250
101.0
13.50168
(continued)
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE'
125
APPENDIX E
TABLE E1 03.3(3)— continued
TABLE FOR ESTIMATING DEMAND
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH VALVES
Load
Demand
Load
Demand
(Water supply fixture units)
(Gallons per minute)
(Cubic feet per minute)
(Water supply fixture units)
(Gallons per minute)
(Cubic feet per minute)
275
80.0
10.6944
275
104.5
13.96956
300
85.0
11.3628
300
108.0
14.43744
400
105.0
14.0364
400
127.0
16.97736
500
124.0
16.57632
500
143.0
19.11624
750
170.0
22.7256
750
177.0
23.66136
1,000
208.0
27.80544
1,000
208.0
27.80544
1,250
239.0
31.94952
1,250
239.0
31.94952
1,500
269.0
35.95992
1,500
269.0
35.95992
1,750
297.0
39.70296
1,750
297.0
39.70296
2,000
325.0
43.446
2,000
325.0
43.446
2,500
380.0
50.7984
2,500
380.0
50.7984
3,000
433.0
57.88344
3,000
433.0
57.88344
4,000
535.0
70.182
4,000
525.0
70.182
5,000
593.0
79.27224
5,000
593.0
79.27224
TABLE E1 03.3(4)
LOSS OF PRESSURE THROUGH TAPS AND TEES IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH (psi)
GALLONS PER MINUTE
SIZE OF TAP OR TEE (inches)
5 /
'8
%
1
IV
1V 2
2
3
10
1.35
0.64
0.18
0.08
—
—
20
5.38
2.54
0.77
0.31
0.14
—
—
30
12.10
5.72
1.62
0.69
0.33
0.10
—
40
—
10.20
3.07
1.23
0.58
0.18
—
50
15.90
4.49
1.92
0.91
0.28
—
60
—
6.46
2.76
1.31
0.40
—
70
8.79
3.76
1.78
0.55
0.10
80
11.50
4.90
2.32
0.72
0.13
90
14.50
6.21
2.94
0.91
0.16
100
—
—
17.94
7.67
3.63
1.12
0.21
120
—
25.80
11.00
5.23
1.61
0.30
140
—
35.20
15.00
7.12
2.20
0.41
150
—
17.20
8.16
2.52
0.47
160
—
19.60
9.30
2.92
0.54
180
—
24.80
11.80
3.62
0.68
200
—
30.70
14.50
4.48
0.84
225
—
38.80
18.40
5.60
1.06
250
—
47.90
22.70
7.00
1.31
275
27.40
7.70
1.59
300
■ —
—
—
—
32.60
10.10
1.88
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kpa, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
126
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE"
APPENDIX E
TABLE E1 03.3(5)
ALLOWANCE IN EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF PIPE FOR FRICTION LOSS IN VALVES AND THREADED FITTINGS (feet)
FITTING OR VALVE
PIPE SIZE (inches)
X
3 /
'4
1
1%
1%
2
• 2\
3
45-degree elbow
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4 ■
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
90-degree elbow
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
8.0
10.0
Tee, run
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.2
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Tee, branch
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
10.0
12.0
15.0
Gate valve
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.6
2.0
Balancing valve
0.8
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.2
3.0
3.7
4.5
Plug-type cock
0.8
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.2
3.0
3.7 ' .
4.5
Check valve, swing
5.6
8.4
11.2
14.0
16.8
22.4
28.0
33.6
Globe valve
15.0
20.0
25.0
35.0
45.0
55.0
65.0
80.0
Angle valve
8.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
22.0
28.0
34.0
40.0
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 degree = 0.0175 rad.
TABLE E1 03.3(6)
PRESSURE LOSS IN FITTINGS AND VALVES EXPRESSED AS EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF TUBE 8 (feet)
NOMINAL OR
STANDARD SIZE
(inches)
FITTINGS
Coupling
VALVES
Standard Ell
90-Degree Tee
Ball
Gate
Butterfly
Check
90 Degree
45 Degree
Side Branch
Straight Run
%
0.5
—
1.5
—
—
—
—
—
1.5
X
1
0.5
2
—
—
—
—
—
2
5 /
'8
1.5
0.5
2
—
. —
—
—
2.5
3 /
'4
2
0.5
3
—
—
—
—
—
3
1
2.5
1
4.5
—
—
0.5
—
4.5
iV 4
>• 3
1
5.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
—
—
5.5
iv 2
4
1.5
7
0.5
0.5
0.5
6.5
: 2
5.5
2
9
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
7.5
9
2V 2
7
2.5
12
0.5
0.5
—
1
10
11.5
3
9
3.5
15
1
1
—
1.5
15.5
14.5
3V 2
9
3.5
14
1
1
—
2
12.5
4
12.5
5
21
1
1
—
2
16
18.5
5
16
6
27
1.5
1.5
—
3
11.5
23.5
6
19
7
34
2
2
—
3.5
13.5
26.5
8
29
11
50
3
3
* —
5
12.5
39
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 degree = 0.01745 rad.
a. Allowances are for streamlined soldered fittings and recessed threaded fittings. For threaded fittings, double the allowances shown in the table. The equivalent
lengths presented above are based on a G factor of 150 in the Hazen- Williams friction loss formula. The lengths shown are rounded to the nearest half-foot.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
127
APPENDIX E
PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET OF TUBE, POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
Note: Fluid velocities in excess of 5 to 8 feet/second are not usually recommended.
FIGURE E1 03.3(2)
FRICTION LOSS IN SMOOTH PIPE 3 (TYPE K, ASTM B 88 COPPER TUBING)
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, lgpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa,
1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to smooth new copper tubing with recessed (streamline) soldered joints and to the actual sizes of types indicated on the diagram.
128
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 1
APPENDIX E
nrH-
p| p| H 5000
nT |i4000
litH 3000
O Q O Q
PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET OF TUBE; POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
Note: Fluid velocities in excess of 5 to 8 feet/second are not usually recommended.
FIGURE E1 03.3(3)
FRICTION LOSS IN SMOOTH PIPE 8 (TYPE L, ASTM B 88 COPPER TUBING)
JForSI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa,
1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to smooth new copper tubing with recessed (streamline) soldered joints and to the actual sizes of types indicated on the diagram.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE*
129
APPENDIX E
9000 £
r
5000 L-
4000
3000 :—
2000
1000
400 \^
LU
3
300 p\
Z
l \
2
cr
L_
LU
200 \y/
L"L
CO
2
_1
_J
<
100 l^-
O
C~
£
h^
tr
S
50 >—— ,
Li-
40 U<-
tr
LU
H
30 ^w>^
-r-r-r-rntH
T~rTTnn i5000
rTTnrh 4000
-i-tttt-itH 3000
i i i i mi 1
rTrnrH 2000
i i i 1 1
ii.
f 5IE md1000
r-rrnrH
"CTTTI.tM
TriTh 400
i — | -f-| -J 300
20 —
10 U
C
5U
4
3
1 L
PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET OF TUBE, POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
Note: Fluid velocities in excess of 5 to 8 feet/second are not usually recommended.
FIGURE E1 03.3(4)
FRICTION LOSS IN SMOOTH PIPE 3 (TYPE M, ASTM B 88 COPPER TUBING)
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa,
1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to smooth new copper tubing with recessed (streamline) soldered joints and to the actual sizes of types indicated on the diagram.
130
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 5
APPENDIX E
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
t 200
100
90
80
70
60
50
d d do do r
m ■* in tor^coa>T-
40
30 _
20
-U4 - -Vd - 4- V ±K-W- -^ V - +- i*^ H 4-1 -
a n = =X = 13^15^= a^t t cm:
FAIRLY SMOOTH
\rt xp^rV^rr irY -^rf r -r r ti^
IN" >ATW ITIT yr T V T^nTI"
V I
V-v;
\
V^
1 \JI -/\ j^o
f i 1 1 1>
oj
n V
'I^r ^C ' n
\pn\~
v/
-^
—
CT
= J^r
'
q n 6 V^-V ^ v^tfc \\ y *rs % j^\-j* T$&
X
-^nl
^
~A
(\\\1
^?r'
\~f _ l\^1
-Vi^Vj
t*r\ \>^v J\° l ^r\^ ^v "t>f\ti-
\
S\ 1 >T<
j>^\
i JVi
L^^v \LXV 'JW \>^N
>n i
^ ^
L j^^iApf
PI Tvr~ \f " Jf 1 " XO-nK^ ~ \JCT- ~LM
(pri:
r- — -^
c^> k t — 1 Ji*C 1
XI III
~X\ ~~~
^V^M
u> i^>^-t\^
r\t + VyA ^r--\\
rtliWT
~\f
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X^^ 3,<r\
" ^Xprmzxf^ ~ r\
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7* — \>
"f v>^
ma^xj-"
K>Tvn iJi \ "t ~J^1
villi;
~s^^
h- — U^rH -h
mix >**C i Vn i\ i i \ ^S\ i i >**v i i i
*/^
y^y\ n Q^Alx^\ r !3r ^V^f^ T \ r i<
i\
J^N
\\\/\ Nj^
<T\
= A=
-4**
H±.
hH±J;
— ^-v-,
k^-
yL^H
Ty = ^\ + 4^
pmT a-jVx^ \^
h>W-
— ~^^\
— i*^^
n\r
niy "i al^h
rim^TT Ati^
V\TY
S^|
1 "A
-H^Tl \ lx^\ 1
\!>H\ \i!i^'i
\\ \\\
~P^
v~~
xin"Vn~TSj"
t^iTX^r^Aj"
r\iri"
^__
-it
nl\ \ \^\ l\
i i jAn \ i \ i i\
rt\ri-
1 1 \ i
~P^
i\
inV^VTi^
IJ^rKI \ 1 \ 1 1 \
knTlX"~\T~TT"
1 1 \i
vrirs
/T
\ '
>r\ AJ-^T l \l 1 1 1 \ \ l\ l
rfii \ jAi i i i\iii \ i\ i\
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i\ii
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
- 300
200
100
90
80
70
60
50
J 40
30
20
PJ ■ <*> ** lO (Oh-OOOO
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
FIGURE E1 03.3(5)
FRICTION LOSS IN FAIRLY SMOOTH PIPE a
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa,
1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to smooth new steel (fairly smooth) pipe and to actual diameters of standard-weight pipe.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE"
131
APPENDIX E
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
C0O0
oo oooo o
Ti-m coh~coo> o
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
FIGURE E1 03.3(6)
FRICTION LOSS IN FAIRLY ROUGH PIPE 3
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa,
1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to fairly rough pipe and to actual diameters which in general will be less than the actual diameters of the new pipe of the same kind.
132
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE*
APPENDIX E
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
oo oooo o
■+ w cor-- coo) o
FRICTION LOSS POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH HEAD PER 100 FEET LENGTH
FIGURE E103.3(7)
FRICTION LOSS IN FAIRLY ROUGH PIPE 3
•
'or SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gpm = 3.785 L/m, 1 psi = 6.895 kPa,
1 foot per second = 0.305 m/s.
a. This chart applies to very rough pipe and existing pipe and to their actual diameters.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE'
133
APPENDIX E
SECTION E201
SELECTION OF PSPE SIZE
E 201.1 Size of water-service mains, branch mains and ris-
ers. The minimum size water service pipe shall be 3 / 4 inch (19.1
mm). The size of water service mains, branch mains and risers
shall be determined according to water supply demand [gpm
(L/m)], available water pressure [psi (kPa)] and friction loss
due to the water meter and developed length of pipe [feet (m)],
including equivalent length of fittings. The size of each water
distribution system shall be determined according to the proce-
dure outlined in this section or by other design methods con-
forming to acceptable engineering practice and approved by
the code official:
1. Supply load in the building water-distribution system
shall be determined by total load on the pipe being sized,
in terms of water-supply fixture units (w.s.f.u.), as
shown in Table E103.3(2). For fixtures not listed, choose
a w.s.f.u. value of a fixture with similar flow characteris-
tics.
2. Obtain the minimum daily static service pressure [psi
(kPa)] available (as determined by the local water
authority) at the water meter or other source of supply at
the installation location. Adjust this minimum daily
static pressure [psi (kPa)] for the following conditions:
2.1. Determine the difference in elevation between
the source of supply and the highest water supply
outlet. Where the highest water supply outlet is
located above the source of supply, deduct 0.5 psi
(3.4 kPa) for each foot (0.3 m) of difference in
elevation. Where the highest water supply outlet
is located below the source of supply, add 0.5 psi
(3.4 kPa) for each foot (0.3 m) of difference in
elevation.
2.2. Where a water pressure reducing valve is
installed in the water distribution system, the
minimum daily static water pressure available is
80 percent of the minimum daily static water
pressure at the source of supply or the set pres-
sure downstream of the pressure reducing valve,
whichever is smaller.
2.3. Deduct all pressure losses due to special equip-
ment such as a backflow preventer, water filter
and water softener. Pressure loss data for each
piece of equipment shall be obtained through the
manufacturer of such devices.
2.4. Deduct the pressure in excess of 8 psi (55 kPa)
due to installation of the special plumbing fix-
■ ture, such as temperature controlled shower and
flushometer tank water closet.
Using the resulting minimum available pres-
sure, find the corresponding pressure range in
Table E201.1.
3. The maximum developed length for water piping is the
actual length of pipe between the source of supply and
the most remote fixture, including either hot (through the
water heater) or cold water branches multiplied by a
factor of 1.2 to compensate for pressure loss through fit-
tings.
Select the appropriate column in Table E201.1 equal
to or greater than the calculated maximum developed
length.
4. To determine the size of water service pipe, meter and
main distribution pipe to the building using the appropri-
ate table, follow down the selected "maximum devel-
oped length" column to a fixture unit equal to, or greater
than the total installation demand calculated by using the
"combined" water supply fixture unit column of Table
E201..1. Read the water service pipe and meter sizes in
the first left-hand column and the main distribution pipe
to the building in the second left-hand column on the
same row.
5. To determine the size of each water distribution pipe,
start at the most remote outlet on each branch (either hot
or cold branch) and, working back toward the main dis-
tribution pipe to the building, add up the water supply
fixture unit demand passing through each segment of the
distribution system using the related hot or cold column
of Table E20 1.1. Knowing demand, the size of each seg-
ment shall be read from the second left-hand column of
the same table and maximum developed length column
selected in Steps 1 and 2, under the same or next smaller
size meter row. In no case does the size of any branch or
main need to be larger that the size of the main distribu-
tion pipe to the building established in Step 4.
134
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX E
TABLE E201.1
MINIMUM SIZE OF WATER METERS, MAINS AND DISTRIBUTION PIPING
BASED ON WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT VALUES (w.s.f.u.)
METER AND SERVICE PIPE
(inches)
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (feet)
Pressure Range 30 to 39 psi
40
60
80
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
3 U
V
2.5
2
1.5
1.5
1
1
0.5
0.5
3 U
3 / 4
9.5
7.5
6
5.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
%
1
32
25
20
16.5
11
9
7.8
6.5
5.5
4.5
1
1
32
32
27
21
13.5
10
8
7
5.5
5
3 / 4
iv 4
32
32
32
32
30
24
20
17
13
10.5
1
iv 4
80
80
70
61 .
45
34
27
22
16
12
17 2
iv 4
80
80
80
75
54
40
31
25
17.5
13
1
1V 2
87
87
87
87
84
73
64
56
45
36
17 2
1V 2
151
151
151
151
117
92
79
69
54
43
2
1V 2
151
151
151
151
128
99
83
72
56
45
1
2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
86
1V 2
2
275
275
275
275
258
223
196
174
144
122
2
2
365
365
365
365
318
266
229
201
160
134
2
2V 2
533
533
533
533
533
.495
448
409
353
311
METER AND SERVICE PIPE
(inches)
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (feet)
Pressure Range 40 to 49 psi
40
60
80
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
%
v 2 -
'3
2.5
2
1.5
1.5
1
1
0.5
0.5
0.5
3 U
3 / 4
9.5
9.5
8.5
7
5.5
4.5
3.5
3
2.5
2
%
1
32
32
32
26
18
13.5
10.5
9
7.5
6
1
1
32
32
32
32
21
15
11.5
9.5
7.5
6.5
3 / 4
iv 4
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
27
21
16.5
1
iv 4
80
80
80
80
65
52
42
35
26
20
1V 2
iv 4
80
80
80
80
75
59
48
39
28
21
1
1V 2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
78
65
55
iv 2
iv 2
151
151
151
151
151
130
109
93
75
63
2
1V 2
151
151
151
151
151
139
115
98
77
64
1
2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
iv 2
■2 "
275
275
275
275
275
275
264
238
198
169
2
.2
365
365
365
365
365
349
304
270
220
185
2
2V 2
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
528
456
403
(continued)
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
135
APPENDIX E
TABLE E201.1— continued
MINIMUM SIZE OF WATER METERS, MAINS AND DISTRIBUTION PIPING
BASED ON WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT VALUES (w.s.f.u.)
METER AND SERVICE PIPE
(inches)
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (feet)
Pressure Range 50 to 60 psi
40
60
80
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
%
V/
3
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
3 / 4
%
9.5
9.5
9.5
8.5
6.5
5
4.5
4
3
2.5
3 / 4
1
32
32
32
32
25
18.5
14.5
12
9.5
8
1
1
32
32
32
32
30
22
16.5
13
10
8
%
iv 4
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
29
24
1
iv 4
80
80
80
80
80
68
57
48
35
28
1V 2
iv 4
80
80
80
80
80
75
63
53
39
29
1
17 2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
82
70
iv 2
1V 2
151
151
151
151
151
151
139
120
94
79
2
1V 2
151
151
151
151
151
151
146
• 126
97
81
1
2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
iv 2
2
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
247
213
2
2
365
365
365
365
365
365
365
329
272
232
2
2V 2
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
353
486
METER AND SERVICE PIPE
(inches)
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
(inches)
MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (feet)
Pressure Range Over 60
40
60
80
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
%
V
3
• 3
3
2.5
2
1.5
1.5
1
1
0.5
%
%
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
7.5
6
5
4,5
3.5
3
%
1
32
32
32
32
32
24
19.5
15.5
11.5
9.5
1
1
32
32
32
32
32
28
28
17
12
9.5
3 / 4
iv 4
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
30
1
iv 4
80
80
80
80
80
80
69
60
46
36
1V 2
iv 4
80
80
80
80
80
80
76
65
50
38
1
1V 2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
84
1V 2
1V 2
151
151
151
151
151
151
151
144
114
94
2
1V 2
151
151
151
151
151
151
151
151
118
97
1
2
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
87
1V 2
2
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
252
2
2
365
368
368
368
368
368
368
368
318
273
2
2V 2
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
533
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
a. Minimum size for building supply is 3 / 4 -inch pipe.
136
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX F
STRUCTURAL SAFETY
SECTION F1 01
CUTTING, NOTCHING AND
BORING IN WOOD MEMBERS
[B] F101.1 Joist notching. Notches on the ends of joists shall
not exceed one-fourth the joist depth. Holes bored in joists
shall not be within 2 inches (51 mm) of the top or bottom of the
joist, and the diameter of any such hole shall not exceed
one-third the depth of the joist. Notches in the top or bottom of
joists shall not exceed one sixth the depth and shall not be
located in the middle third of the span.
[B] F101.2 Stud cutting and notching. In exterior walls and
bearing partitions, any wood stud is permitted to be cut or
notched to a depth not exceeding 25 percent of its width. Cut-
ting or notching of studs to a depth not greater than 40 percent
of the width of the stud is permitted in nonbearing partitions
supporting no loads other than the weight of the partition.
[B] F101.3 Bored holes. A hole not greater in diameter than 40
per-cent of the stud width is permitted to be bored in any wood
stud. Bored holes not greater than 60 percent of the width of the
stud is permitted in nonbearing partitions or in any wall where
each bored stud is doubled, provided not more than two such
successive doubled studs are so bored. In no case shall the edge
of the bored hole be nearer than 0.625 inch (15.9 mm) to the
edge of the stud. Bored holes shall not be located at the same
section of stud as a cut or notch.
[B] F101.4 Cutting, notching and boring holes in structural
steel framing. The cutting, notching and boring of holes in
structural steel framing members shall be as prescribed by the
registered design professional.
[B] F101.5 Cutting, notching and boring holes in
cold-formed steel framing. Flanges and lips of load-bearing
cold-formed steel framing members shall not be cut or notched.
Holes in webs of load-bearing cold-formed steel framing mem-
bers shall be permitted along the centerline of the web of the
framing member and shall not exceed the dimensional limita-
tions, penetration spacing or minimum hole edge distance as
prescribed by the registered design professional. Cutting,
notching and boring holes of steel floor/roof decking shall be
as prescribed by the registered design professional.
[B] F101.6 Cutting, notching and boring holes in
nonstructural cold-formed steel wall framing. Flanges and
lips of nonstructural cold-formed steel wall studs shall not be
cut or notched. Holes in webs of nonstructural cold-formed
steel wall studs shall be permitted along the centerline of the
web of the framing member, shall not exceed 1.5 inches (38
mm) in width or 4 inches (102 mm) in length, and the holes
shall not be spaced less than 24 inches (610 mm) center to cen-
ter from another hole or less than 10 inches (254 mm) from the
bearing end.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 137
1 38 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
APPENDIX G
VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
SECTION G101
VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
G101.1 Scope. This appendix provides general guidelines for
the requirements for vacuum drainage systems.
G101.2 General requirements.
G101.2.1 System design. Vacuum drainage systems shall
be designed in accordance with manufacturer's recommen-
dations. The system layout, including piping layout, tank
assemblies, vacuum pump assembly and other compo-
nents/designs necessary for proper function of the system
shall be per manufacturer's recommendations. Plans, speci-
fications and other data for such systems shall be submitted
to the local administrative authority for review and approval
prior to installation.
G101.2.2 Fixtures. Gravity-type fixtures used in vacuum
drainage systems shall comply with Chapter 4 of this code.
G101.2.3 Drainage fixture units. Fixture units for gravity
drainage systems which discharge into or receive discharge
from vacuum drainage systems shall be based on values in
Chapter 7 of this code.
G101.2.4 Water supply fixture units. Water supply fixture
units shall be based on values in Chapter 6 of this code with
the addition that the fixture unit of a vacuum-type water
closet shall be" 1."
G101.2.5 Traps and cleanouts. Gravity-type fixtures shall
be provided with traps and cleanouts in accordance with
Chapters 7 and 10 of this code.
G101.2.6 Materials. Vacuum drainage pipe, fitting and
valve materials shall be as recommended by the vacuum
drainage system manufacturer and as permitted by this
code.
G101.3 Testing and demonstrations. After completion of the
entire system installation, the system shall be subjected to a
vacuum test of 19 inches (483 mm) of mercury and shall be
operated to function as required by the administrative authority
and the manufacturer. Recorded proof of all tests shall be sub-
mitted to the administrative authority.
G101.4 Written instructions. Written instructions for the
operations, maintenance, safety and emergency procedures
shall be provided by the building owner as verified by the
administrative authority.
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 1 39
140 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
INDEX
ABS PIPE
Where permitted Table 605.3, Table 605.5,
Table 702.1 , Table 702.2, Table 702.3, Table 702.4
ACCESS TO
Cleanouts 708
Fixtures 405.2
Interceptors and separators 1003.10
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES 404
ADMINISTRATION
Applicability 102
Approval 105, 107.4, 106.6
Inspections 1 07
Intent 101.3
Maintenance 102.3
Means of appeal 1 09
Scope 101.2
Validity 106.5.2
Violations 1 08
AIR ADMITTANCE VALVES
Definition 202
Where permitted 917
AIR BREAK
Definition 202
Method of providing 802.1 .5, 802.1 .6,
802.1.7,802.2
Required 802.2.2
AIR GAP
Definition 202
Method of providing 608.15.1, 802.2.1
Required 608.15.1,802.1,802.1.1,802.1.2
802.1.3, 802.1.4, 802.1.5, 802.1.6, 802.1.7
AIR TEST 312.3, 312.5, 312.7
ALTERATIONS AND REPAIRS 102.4
ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT. 105.2
APPROVED
Definition 202
ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPE
Where permitted Table 702.2, Table 702.3
ATMOSPHERIC VACUUM BREAKER . . . Table 608.1,
608.13.6,608.15.4,
608.15.4.1,608.16.5
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHER 406
B
BACKFILLING 306.3
BACKFLOW PREVENTER
Definition 202
Required 608.1
Standards Table 608.1
BACKFLOW PROTECTION 608.1
BACKWATER VALVES
Where required 715
BALL COCK (see FILL VALVE)
BAROMETRIC LOOP 608.13.4
BATHTUBS 407
BEDPAN STEAMERS . . . 202
BEDPAN WASHERS 202
BIDETS 408
BOOSTER SYSTEM 606.5
BOTTLING ESTABLISHMENT 1003.7
BRASS PIPE
Where permitted Table 605.3, Table 605.4,
Table 605.8, Table 702.1
BUILDING DRAIN
Branches of Table 710.1(2)
Definition 202
Material Table 702.1 , Table 702.2
Sizing Table 710.1(1)
BUILDING DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
Below sewer level 712.1
BUILDING SEWER
Definition 202
Material Table 702.3
Sizing Table 710.1(1)
BUILDING SYSTEMS
Connection to public water and sewer 701 .2
BUILDING TRAPS 1002.6
CAST-IRON PIPE
Materials Table 702.1 , Table 702.2,
Table 702.3, Table 702.4
CAULKING FERRULES 705.18
CHANGE IN DIRECTION OF DRAINAGE
PIPING Table 706.3
CHEMICAL WASTE
Exclusion from the sewer 803.3
Neutralizing 803.2
Requirements 702.5
CHLORINATED POLYVINYL/PIPE OR TUBING
Where permitted Table 605.3, Table 605.4
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
141
INDEX
CIRCUIT VENT 911
CLAY PIPE Table 702.3
CLEANOUTS
Base of stack 708.3.4
Building drain 708.3.1 , 708.3.5
Change of direction. 708.3.3
Clearances 708.8
Definition 202
Direction of flow 708.5
Horizontal drains 708.3.1
Location of 708.3
Manholes 708.3.6
Plugs, materials for 708.2
Prohibited installation of 708.6
Sewers 708.3.2
Size 708.7,708.8
CODE OFFICIAL
Application for permit 1 06.3
Appointment .103.2
Definition 202
Department records 104.8
Duties and powers 104
General . .104.1
Identification 104.6
Inspections 1 07
COMBINATION DRAIN AND VENT SYSTEM .... 912
COMBINED DRAIN 202
COMMON VENT 202, 908
CONCRETE PIPE
Where permitted Table 702.3
CONDUCTOR 202
CONNECTION TO PLUMBING SYSTEM
REQUIRED 701.2
CONNECTIONS TO SUMPS AND EJECTORS
Below sewer level 712.1
CONSERVATION
Fixtures 604.4
Flow rates Table 604.3
Insulation 505, 607.2.1
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 106.3.1
CONTROLLED FLOW STORM DRAINAGE 1110
COPPER OR COPPER-ALLOY PIPE OR TUBING
Where permitted Table 605.3, Table 605.4
CROSS CONNECTIONS 608
CUTTING OR NOTCHING, STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS 307.2, Appendix F
DEAD ENDS IN DRAINAGE SYSTEM 704.5
DESIGN PROFESSIONAL 105.4.2, 105.4.3,
105.4.4, 105.4.5, 107.2.2, 109.2
DETRIMENTAL WASTES 302
DISHWASHING MACHINE . . . 409
DISINFECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEM. . 610
DISTANCE OF TRAP FROM VENT .... Table 906.1
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (See WATER)
DRAIN
Roof 1105
Storm .1106
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
Definition, fixture unit 202
Values for continuous flow 709.3
Values for fixtures Table 709.1
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Connection to sewer or private
disposal system . 701 .2
Dead ends 704.5
Determining load and size 710.1
Fixture units Table 709.1
Indirect waste 802
Joints 705
Materials 702
Material detrimental to 302
Offset sizing 71 1
Provisions for future fixtures 710.2
Sizing Table 710.1(1), Table 710.1(2)
Slope of piping Table 704.1
Sumps and ejectors .712
Testing .312
DRINKING FOUNTAINS . . 410
E
EJECTORS 712
EMPLOYEE FACILITIES 403.4
EXISTING BUILDING PLUMBING SYSTEMS. . . 102.2
F
FACILITIES 403
FAUCETS 424
FEES 106.6
FERRULES 705.18
FILL VALVE . . 425.3.1
FITTINGS
Drainage system .........: 706
Material standards 605.5, Table 605.5,
702.4, Table 702.4
FIXTURE FITTINGS 424
FIXTURE TRAPS 1002
Acid-resisting 1 002.9
Building 1002.6
Design of 1 002.2
For each fixture 1002.1
142
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
INDEX
Prohibited 1002.3
Seals 1002.4
Setting and protection .... 1002.7
Size 1002.5
FIXTURE UNITS
Definition 202
Values for continuous flow 709.3
Values for fixtures 709.1 , Table 709.1
FIXTURES (See PLUMBING FIXTURES)
FLOOD LEVEL RIM 202
FLOOD-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
Design flood elevation 202
Flood hazard area 202
Flood hazard resistance 309
FLOOR DRAINS 412, Table 709.1
FLOOR DRAINS, EMERGENCY 202
FLOOR FLANGES 405.4.1 , 405.4.2
FLOW RATES 604.3, Table 604.3
Table 604.4, 604.10
FLUSHING DEVICES
Flush tanks 425.2, 425.3, 604.3, 604.5
Flushometer tanks 425.3, 604.3, 604.5
Flushometer valves 425.3, 604.3
Required 425
FOOD HANDLING DRAINAGE 802.1.1
FOOD WASTE GRINDER 413
FREEZING, PROTECTION OF PIPES 305.6
FROST CLOSURE 904.2
FUTURE FIXTURES 704.4
GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE Table 605.3,
Table 605.4, 605.18
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS 414
GARBAGE DISPOSALS 413
GENERAL REGULATIONS 301
Conflicts 301 .7
Connection to plumbing system 301 .3
Connection to public water and sewer . . 301 .3, 301 .4
Elevator machinery rooms 301.6
Health and safety. . . 108.7, 108.7.1, 108.7.2, 108.7.3
Materials detrimental 302, 302.1, 302.2
Piping measurements 301 .5
Protection of pipes 305
Rodentproofing 304, 304.1 , 304.2, 304.3, 304.4
Sleeves 305.4
Strains and stresses in pipe 308
Toilet facilities for workers 311
Trenching, excavation and backfill 306
Washroom requirements 310
GREASE INTERCEPTORS AND TRAPS. . . 202, 1003
Approval 1 003.3.4
Capacity Table 1003.3.4.1,
1003.4.2.1, 1003.4.2.2
In commercial buildings 1003.5
Not required 1003.3.3
Required 1003.1
GUTTERS 1106.6, Table 1106.6
H
HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
Attachment to buildings 308.4
Base of stacks 308.9
Definitions 202
Material 308.3
Seismic 308.2
Spacing Table 308.5
HEALTH AND SAFETY 101.3
HEALTH CARE PLUMBING 422, 609, 713
HEAT EXCHANGER PROTECTION 608.16.3
HORIZONTAL
Slope for drainage pipe 704.1
HOSPITAL PLUMBING FIXTURES 422
Clinical sinks 422.6
Height of special controls 422.10
Sterilizer equipment 422.9
HOT WATER
Definition. 202
Flow of hot water to fixtures 607.4
Heaters and tanks Chapter 5
Recirculating pump 607.2.3
Supply system 607
HOUSE TRAP 1002.6
I
INDIRECT WASTE 802
Air gap or break 802.2.1 , 802.2.2
Food handling establishment 802.1.1
Receptors 802.3
Special wastes 803
Waste water temperature 803.1
Where required 802.1
INDIVIDUAL VENT 907
INSPECTION 107.1
Final 107.1
Reinspection 107.3.3
Required 107.3
Rough-in 107.1
Scheduling of 1 07.1
Testing 107.3
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE'
143
INDEX
INSPECTOR (See CODE OFFICIAL)
INSULATION 505, 607.2.1
INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS 1003
Access to 1003.10
Approval of 1003.2, 1003.4
Bottling establishments 1003.7
Capacity of grease interceptors .... Table 1003.3.4.1
Definition 202
Laundries 1 003.6
Not required 1003.3.3
Oil and flammable liquids separators ........ 1003.4
Rate of flow control for grease interceptors. . 1003.3.4.2
Required 1003.1
Slaughterhouses 1003.8
Venting 905.4, 1003.9
IRRIGATION, LAWN ■....' 608.16.5
ISLAND FIXTURE VENT 913
JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS 605, 705
ABS plastic pipe 605.10, 705.2
Asbestos-cement pipe 605.1 1 , 705.3
Between different materials. . . 605.23, 705.4, 705.16
Brass pipe 605.12, 705.4
Brazed joints 605.12.1,605.14.1,
605.15.1,705.9.1,705.10.1
Cast-iron pipe 705.5
Caulked joint 705.5.1, 705.11.1
Concrete pipe 705.6
Copper or copper-alloy pipe 605.14, 705.9
Copper or copper-alloy tubing 605.15, 705.10
CPVC plastic pipe 605.16
Expansion joints 308.8
Galvanized steel pipe 605.18
Mechanical joints 605, 705
Polybutylene plastic pipe or tubing 605.19
Polyethylene plastic pipe or tubing .......... 605.20
Prohibited 605.9, 707
PVC plastic pipe 605.21, 705.14
Slip joints 405.8, 1002.2
Soldered joints 605.14.3, 605.15.4,
705.9.3,705.10.3
Solvent cementing 605, 705
Stainless steel 605.22
Threaded 605.10.3, 605.12.3, 605.14.4,
605.16.3, 605.18.1, 605.21.3, 705.2.3,
705.9.4,705.12.1,705.14.3
Vitrified clay pipe 705.15
Welded 605.12.4, 605.14.5, 703.4.4, 705.9.5
144
K
KITCHEN . .418
L
LAUNDRIES .1003.6
LAUNDRY TRAY 415
LAVATORIES . . 416
LEAD PIPE 202
LEADERS 1106
LIGHT AND VENTILATION REQUIREMENT . . . 310.1
LOADING, FIXTURE UNIT VALVE ...... Table 709
M
MANHOLES 708.3.6
MANIFOLDS .604.10
MATERIAL
Above-ground drainage and vent pipe. . . Table 702.1
Alternative . . . ..... .105.2
Approval 1 07.4
Building sewer pipe 702.3
Building storm sewer pipe 1 102.4
Chemical waste system 702.5
Fittings Table 605.5, Table 702.4,
Table 1102.7
Identification 303.1
Joints .605, 705
Roof drains 1 1 05
Sewer pipe 702.3
Standards Chapter 1 3
Storm drainage pipe Table 1 102.4
Subsoil drain pipe 1102.5
Underground building drainage and vent pipe. .702.2
Vent pipe 702.1, 702.2
Water distribution pipe Table 605.4
Water service pipe Table 605.3
MATERIAL, FIXTURES
Quality 402.1
Special use 402.2
MATERIAL, SPECIAL
Caulking ferrules . .705.18
Cleanout plugs 708.2
Sheet copper 402.3
Sheet lead 402.4
Soldering bushings 705.19
MECHANICAL JOINTS . 605, 705
N
NONPOTABLE WATER 608.1 , 608.8
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
INDEX
o
OFFSETS
Definitions 202
Drainage 711
Venting 915.1
OPENINGS
Through walls or roofs 305.5, 305.7
P
PERMIT
Application for 1 06.3
Conditions of 106.5
Fees 106.6
Suspension of 106.5.5
PIPING
Construction documents 105.4.4
Drainage, horizontal slope Table 704.1
Drainage piping installation. 704
Drainage piping offset, size 71 1
Joints 605, 705
PIPING PROTECTION
Backfilling 306.3
Breakage 305.2
Corrosion 305.1
Footings 305.5
Freezing 305.6
Penetration 305.5
Tunneling 306.4
PLUMBING FACILITIES 403
PLUMBING FIXTURES
Accessible 404
Automatic clothes washers 406
Bidet 408
Clearances 405.3
Definition 202
Dishwashing machine 409
Drainage fixture unit values Table 709.1
Drinking fountain 410
Emergency showers 411
Eyewash stations 411
Floor sinks 427
Floor and trench drains 412
Food waste grinders 413
Future fixtures 704.4
Garbage can washer 414
Garbage disposal 413
Hospital 422
Installation 405
Joints at wall or floor 405.5
Kitchen sink 418
Laundry tray 415
Lavatories 416
Minimum facilities Table 403.1
Ornamental pools 423.1
Quality 402.1
Separate facilities 403.2
Settings 405.3
Showers 417
Sinks 418
Slop sinks 418
Urinals 419
Water closets 420
Water coolers 410
Water supply protection 608
PLUMBING INSPECTOR (See CODE OFFICIAL)
PNEUMATIC EJECTORS 712
POLYBUTYLENE PIPE OR TUBING
Where permitted Table 605.3, Table 605.4
POLYETHYLENE PIPE OR TUBING
Cross-linked Table 605.3, Table 605.4
PE-AL-PE Table 605.3, Table 605.4
PEX-AL-PEX Table 605.3, Table 605.4
POTABLE WATER, PROTECTION OF 608
PRESSURE OF WATER DISTRIBUTION 604.6
PROHIBITED
Joints and connection 605.9, 707
Traps 1002.3
PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER 608
PUMPING EQUIPMENT 712
PVC PIPE Table 605.3, Table 605.4,
Table 702.1 , Table 702.2, Table 702.3
Q
QUALITY OF WATER
General 608.1
R
RAINWATER DRAINAGE Chapter 1 1
REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE
BACKFLOW PREVENTER
Definition 202
Periodic inspections 312.9
Standard Table 608.1 , 608.13.2, 608.16.2
Where required 608.15.2, 608.16.2,
608.16.4, 608.16.4.1, 608.16.5, 608.16.6
RELIEF VALVES 504.4, 504.5, 504.6
Definition 202
RELIEF VENT 911.4, 914, 916.2
Definition 202
ROOF DRAINS 1 102.6, 1 105
Definition 202
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
145
INDEX
ROUGH-IN INSPECTION 107.1
s
SANITARY SEWER (See BUILDING SEWER)
SANITARY TEES 706.3
SCREWED JOINTS (See JOINTS AND
CONNECTIONS)
SEPARATE FACILITIES 403.2
SERVICE SINKS Table 403.1, 418
SEWER (See BUILDING SEWER)
SHEET COPPER 402.3
SHEET LEAD 402.4
SHOWERS Table 403.1, 417
SILL COCK 424, 608.15.4.2
SINKS 418
SIZING
Drainage system 710
Fixture drain 709
Fixture water supply 604.5
Vent system 916
Water distribution system 604
Water service 603.1
SLAUGHTERHOUSES 1003.8
SLEEVES 305.4
SLIP JOINTS (See JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS)
SOLDERING BUSHINGS 705.19
SOLVENT CEMENTING (See JOINTS AND
CONNECTIONS)
SPECIAL PLUMBING FIXTURES 423
SPECIAL WASTES 803
STACK VENT 903.1
STAINLESS STEEL PIPE. . . . Table 605.4, Table 605.5
STANDARDS
Material Chapter 1 3
STANDPIPE DRAIN 802.4
STEEL PIPE (See also MATERIAL)
Where permitted Table 605.4, Table 702.1,
Table 702.2, Table 702.3,
Table 1102.4, Table 1102.5
STERILIZER PIPE 422.9
STORM DRAINS
Building size 1106.1
Building subdrains 1 1 12.1
Building subsoil drains 1111.1
Conductors and connections 1 104
Definition 202
General 1101
Prohibited drainage 1 101 .3
Roof drains 1102.6, 1105
Secondary roof drains 1 107
Sizing of conductors, leaders and storm drains . 1 106
Sizing of roof gutters 11 06.6
Sizing of vertical conductors and leaders .... 1 1 06.2
Traps 1103
Values for continuous flow 1 1 09
Where required 1101.2
STRAPS (See HANGERS AND SUPPORTS)
STRUCTURAL SAFETY 307, Appendix F
SUBDRAIN BUILDING 1112.1
SUBSOIL DRAIN PIPE 1111.1
SUMP VENT 916.5
SUMPS 1113
SUPPORTS (See also PIPING PROTECTION) ... 308
SWIMMING POOL
Definition 202
SWIMMING POOL DRAINAGE 802.1.4
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE RELIEF
VALVE 504
TEMPERATURE OF WASTE WATER ........ 803.1
TEST
Drainage and vent air test 312.3
Drainage and vent final test 312.4
Drainage and vent water test 312.2
Forced sewer test 312.7
Gravity sewer test 312.6
Required tests .312.1
Test gauges 312.1.1
Test of backflow prevention devices ......... 312.9
Test of conductors 312.8
THERMAL EXPANSION CONTROL 607.3
THREADED JOINTS (See JOINTS AND
CONNECTIONS)
TOILET FACILITIES FOR WORKERS 311
TOILETS (See WATER CLOSETS)
TRAPS
Acid-resisting 1002.9
Building 1002.6
Design 1002.2
Prohibited types .1002.3
Seal 1002.4
Separate for each fixture 1002.1
Size Table 709.1, Table 709.2
TRENCH DRAINS 412
TRENCHING, EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL .... 306
TUNNELING 306.4
u
UNDERGROUND DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPE. 702.2
URINALS 419
146
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
INDEX
V
VACUUM BREAKERS Table 608.1, 608.13.5,
608.13.6,608.13.8,608.15.4
VALVES
Air admittance .202, 917
Backwater 715
Definition 202
Pressure reducing 604.8
Relief 202, 504.4
Temperature-actuated flow reduction valves . . . 424.5
Transfer valves 424.6
VENT
Individual 907
Sizing 904.2, 908.3, 910.4,
912.3,916.1,916.2
VENT RELIEF SIZE 914
VENT STACK
Definition 202, 903.2
VENTS AND VENTING
Branch vents 916.4.1
Circuit or loop 91 T
Combination drain 912
Common 908
Definition 202
Distance from trap Table 906.1
Engineered systems 918
Island fixture 913
Stack vents 903.1
Vent stack 903.2
Vent terminal 904
Waste stack 910
Wet vent 909
W
WALL HUNG WATER CLOSETS 420
WASHING MACHINES 406
WASTE
Indirect 802
Special 803
WASTE STACK 910
WASTE WATER TEMPERATURE 803.1
WATER
Booster 606.5
Cross connection 608.6
Distribution piping material Table 605.4
Excessive pressure 604.8
Hammer 604.9
WATER CLOSETS 420
WATER CONSERVATION
Fixtures 604.4
Flow rates Table 604.4
WATER HEATERS Chapter5
WET VENT 909
WIPED JOINTS 705.13.2
WORKERS' TOILET FACILITIES 31 1
2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
147
148 2006 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®
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2006 International Plumbing Code Errata
FIRST PRINTING (Updated September 18, 2007)
CHAPTER 3
Table 308.5
Row 10, column 3 now reads... 4 (superscript 'b' removed)
Row 16, column 3 now reads... 4 (superscript 'b' removed)
(Posted: January 3, 2008)
2006 International Plumbing Code Errata Page 1 of 7
FIRST PRINTING (Updated September 18, 2007)
CHAPTER 4
Table 403.1
Row 14, column 6 now reads... 1 per 15
(Posted: January 3, 2008)
2006 International Plumbing Code Errata Page 2 of 7
SECOND PRINTING (Updated September 18, 2007)
Appendix C
Section C 103.7.1.3
Line 16... "by no more than &£2 1/16 inch (1.59mm)
(Posted: January 3, 2008)
2006 International Plumbing Code Errata Page 3 of 7
SECOND PRINTING (Updated September 18, 2007)
Appendix E
Section E 201.1
Step 4, Line 7... of Table E2Q±^ E103.3(2)
Step 5, Line 7... of Table E2Q±^ E103.3(2)
(Posted: January 3, 2008)
2006 International Plumbing Code Errata Page 4 of 7
THIRD PRINTING (Updated September 18, 2007)
Chapter 6
Table 605.5
Row 10, Column 1
Metal (brass) insert fittings for
Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) and Cross-linked P olyethylene/Aluminum/ C ross-linked
Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX)
(Posted: January 3, 2008)
2006 International Plumbing Code Errata Page 5 of 7
THIRD PRINTING (Updated September 18, 2007)
Chapter 7
Table 704.1
For SI: 0.083.3 83.3 mm/m.
Table 710.1(2)
Row 12, Column 2, 2000 3900
(Posted: January 3, 2008)
2006 International Plumbing Code Errata Page 6 of 7
THIRD PRINTING (Updated September 18, 2007)
Chapter 9
Section 918.2
Equation 9-1, Line 7... Q v (gpm) =27.8 r s 2/3^(1- r s ) D 8/2 m -
(Posted: January 3, 2008)
2006 International Plumbing Code Errata Page 7 of 7