Montana Plumbing Code

24.301.301 INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE
(1) The Department of Labor and Industry adopts and incorporates by reference the
Uniform Plumbing Code, 2006 edition, referred to as the Uniform Plumbing Code, unless
another edition is specifically stated, together with the following appendix chapters and
amendments:

(a) Appendix A, Recommended Rules for Sizing the Water Supply System is adopted.

(b) Appendix B, Explanatory Notes on Combination Waste and Vent Systems is
adopted.

(c) Appendix D, Sizing Stormwater Drainage Systems is adopted.

(d) Subsection 103.1.3, is amended with the addition of the following language: The
requirements for who must be licensed to perform plumbing work is regulated by Title 37,
chapter 69, MCA.

(e) Subsections 102.3, 103.1, 103.2, 103.3, 103.4, 103.5, and 103.6 will be left as is for
use by local governments (i.e., municipalities and counties) but will not be used by the
department and the state of Montana. For the purposes of enforcement by the department,
these subsections are replaced with provisions of Title 50, chapter 60, part 5, MCA.

(i) No permit is required for any minor replacement or repair work, the performance of
which does not have a significant potential for creating a condition hazardous to public
health and safety.

(ii) No permit is required where the installation is exempt under the provisions of
50-60-503 or 50-60-506 , MCA.

(iii) The requirements for permits do not apply to regularly employed maintenance
personnel doing maintenance work on the business premises of their employer unless
work is subject to the permit provisions of these rules.

(iv) Factory-built buildings covered by an insignia issued by the department need not
have a plumbing permit for the construction of the unit; however, a permit will still be
required for on-site work, as provided for in these rules.

(f) Delete Table No. 1 .1 - PLUMBING PERMIT FEES and replace with the following
schedule:

(i) for issuing each permit $20*

(ii) for each plumbing fixture 7

(iii) water service - domestic or commercial 7

(iv) for each building sewer and each trailer park sewer 11

(v) storm drains and storm drainage 7

(vi) for each water heater 7

(vii) for each industrial water pretreatment interceptor,

including its tray and vent, excepting kitchen type grease

interceptors functioning as fixture traps 7

(viii) for installation, alteration, or repair of water piping

and/or water treatment equipment 7

(ix) for repair or alteration of drainage or vent piping 7

(x) for each lawn sprinkler system and fire protection

system or any one meter, including backflow protection devices therefore 7

(xi) for vacuum breakers or backflow protective devices

on tanks, vats, etc., or for installation on unprotected plumbing

fixtures, including necessary water piping

(A) one to four 7

(B) five or more, each 2

(xii) requested plumbing inspection fee

(provided that such service is not in excess of one hour in duration.

and then $25 for each 30 minutes or fractional part thereof

in excess of one hour. Travel and per diem will be charged

as per the state of Montana's existing rate for these items) 45

(xiii) reinspection (provided the $30 does not exceed the

original permit fee, in which case the original fee will be charged) 30

(xiv) for each gas piping system of one to four outlets 7

(xv) for each gas piping system of five or more, per outlet 2

(xvi) for each medical gas piping system serving

one to five inlet(s)/outlet(s) for a specific gas 50

(xvii) for each additional medical gas piping inlet(s)/outlet(s) 5

*except for replacement of water heaters.

(g) Section 218, Definition of Plumbing System, is amended to read: "Includes all
potable water supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps, all drainage
and vent pipes, building drains and building sewers, including their respective joints and
connections, devices, receptacles, and appurtenances within the property line of any
premises, and includes water heaters and vents for the premises."

(h) Subsection 405.2, Prohibited Urinals, is amended by adding the following:
"Exception: Nonwater supplied urinals may be installed and shall be maintained in
accordance with manufacturer's installation instructions and required maintenance
schedule. A properly sized drain, vent, and water supply line, permanently capped, shall
be installed for future use in the event the owner decides or is ordered to replace the
nonwater supplied urinal with a water supplied urinal."

(i) Table 4-1, Minimum Plumbing Facilities, is deleted and replaced with ARM
24.301.351 Minimum Required Plumbing Fixtures.

G) Subsection 508.14, paragraph one is amended to read as follows: "Gas utilization
equipment, or any equipment that generates a glow, spark, or flame, in residential garages
and in adjacent spaces that open to the garage and are not part of the living space for a
dwelling unit shall be installed so that all burners, burner-ignition devices, and heating
elements are located not less than 18 inches (450 mm) above the floor unless listed as
flammable vapor ignition resistant."

(k) Delete Subsection 603.3.3.

(I) Subsection 603.1, Approval of Devices or Assemblies, is amended to read as
follows: "Before any device or assembly is installed for the prevention of backflow, it shall
have first been approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Devices or assemblies shall
be tested for conformity with recognized standards or other standards acceptable to the
authority having jurisdiction, so long as those standards are consistent with the intent of
this code. All devices or assemblies installed in a potable water supply system for
protection against backflow shall be maintained in good working condition by the person or
persons having control of such devices or assemblies. If found to be defective or
inoperative, the device or assembly shall be repaired or replaced. No device or assembly
shall be removed from use or relocated or other device or assembly substituted, without
the approval of the authority having jurisdiction."

(m) Subsection 603.4.10, is amended with the addition of the following language:
"Boiler feed lines, in single family dwellings on their own private well, may be protected
with a dual check valve with intermediate atmospheric vent when a nontoxic transfer fluid
is utilized in the boiler."

(n) Subsection 604.1, Materials, is amended to read as follows:

(i) "Water pipe and fittings shall be of brass, copper, cast iron, galvanized malleable
iron, galvanized wrought iron, galvanized steel, or other approved materials."

(ii) Cast iron fittings used for water need not be galvanized if over 2 inches (51 mm) in
size.

(iii) Asbestos-cement, PB, CPVC, RE, PEX, PEX-AL-PEX or PVC water pipe
manufactured to recognized standards may be used for cold water distribution systems
outside a building. These approved outside cold water piping materials except for
asbestos-cement may extend to a point within the foundation perimeter of the building
provided that the piping is buried a minimum of 12 inches, the piping is contained within a
protective sleeve where it passes through concrete construction and the piping does not
extend for more than 24 inches out of the ground at such point where it connects to
approved interior cold water piping material.

(iv) All materials used in the water supply system, except valves and similar devices
shall be of a like material, except where otherwise approved by the administrative
authority.

(v) Table 6-4 is amended to add the following: "PB is allowed for hot and cold water
distribution."

(o) Subsection 604.2, the exception is amended to read as follows: Exception: Type M
copper tubing may be used for water piping when piping is above ground in, or on, a
building.

(p) Subsection 701.1 is amended to read as follows: "Drainage piping shall be cast
iron, galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, lead, copper, brass. Schedule 40 ABS
DWV, Schedule 40 ABS DWV cellular core. Schedule 40 PVC DWV, Schedule 40 PVC
DWV cellular core, extra strength vitrified clay pipe, or other approved materials having a
smooth and uniform bore, except that:

"(1) Galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe shall not be used underground,
and it shall be kept at least six inches (152 mm) above ground.

"(2) ABS and PVC DWV piping installations must be installed in accordance with IS 5,
IS 9 and Chapter 15 "Firestop Protection for DWV and Stormwater Application." Except for
individual single family dwelling units, materials exposed within ducts or plenums shall
have a flame-spread index of not more than 25 and a smoke-developed index of not more
than 50, when tested in accordance with the Test for Surface-Burning Characteristics of
the Building Materials (See the building code standards based on ASTM E-84 and
ANSI/UL723).

"(3) Vitrified clay pipe and fittings shall not be used above ground or where pressurized
by a pump or ejector. They shall be kept at least 12 inches (305 mm) below ground.

"(4) Copper tube for drainage and vent piping shall have a weight not less than that of
copper drainage tube type DWV."

(q) Subsection 610.8, second paragraph, is amended to read as follows: No building
supply pipe shall be less than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in inside diameter.

(r) Subsection 701.1.4, is amended with the addition of the following language: Copper
tube for underground drainage and vent piping shall have a weight of not less than that of
copper tube type L.

(s) Subsection 707.4, first paragraph, is amended to read as follows: Each horizontal
drainage pipe shall be provided with a cleanout at its upper terminal and each run of
piping, which is more than 50 feet in total developed length, shall be provided with a
cleanout for each 50 feet, or fraction thereof, in length of such piping.

(t) Section 708.0, Grade of Horizontal Drainage Piping, is amended to read as follows:
Horizontal drainage piping shall be run in practical alignment and a uniform slope of not
less than 1/4 of an inch per foot or 2 percent toward the point of disposal provided that,
where it is impractical due to the depth of the street sewer or to the structural features or to
the arrangement of any building or structure to obtain a slope of 1/4 of an inch per foot or 2

percent, any such pipe or piping 2 inches or larger in diameter may have a slope of not
less than 1/8 of an inch per foot or 1 percent.

(u) Subsection 710.1, is amended to read as follows: "Where a fixture is installed on a
floor level that is lower than the next upstream manhole cover of the public or private
sewer serving such drainage piping may be protected from the backflow of sewage by
installing an approved type backwater valve. Fixtures on floor levels above such elevation
shall not discharge through the backwater valve."

(v) Subsection 718.1, the exception is amended to read as follows: Exception: Where it
is impractical, due to the depth of the street sewer or to the structural features or to the
arrangement of any building or structure, to obtain a slope of 1/4 of an inch per foot, any
pipe or piping 3 inches or larger in diameter may have a slope of 1/8 of an inch per foot
and any such pipe or piping 8 inches in diameter or larger may have a slope of 1/16 of an
inch per foot.

(w) Subsection 903.2.1 is amended to read as follows: "Copper tube for underground
drainage and vent piping shall have a weight of not less than that of copper tube Type L."

(x) Subsection 906.1, is amended to read as follows: Each vent pipe or stack shall
extend through its flashing and shall terminate vertically not less that 12 inches above the
roof nor less than 1 foot from any vertical surface.

(y) Subsection 906.3, is amended to read as follows: Vent pipes shall be extended
separately or combined, of full required size, not less than 12 inches above the roof or fire
wall.

(z) Subsection 906.7, is amended to read as follows: Frost and Snow Closure: Where
frost or snow closure is likely to occur in locations having a minimum design temperature
below zero degrees Fahrenheit vent terminals shall be a minimum of 3 inches in diameter,
but in no event smaller than the required vent pipe. The change in diameter shall be made
inside the building at least 1 foot below the roof and terminate not less than 12 inches
above the roof, or as required by the administrative authority.

(aa) Section 908.0, is amended to read as follows: Wet venting.

(ab) Subsection 908.1, is amended to read as follows:

(i) Wet venting is limited to drainage piping receiving the discharge from the trap arm of
one and two fixture unit fixtures that also serves as a vent for not to exceed four fixtures.

(ii) All wet vented fixtures shall be within the same story; provided, further, that fixtures
with a continuous vent discharging into a wet vent shall be within the same story as the
wet vented fixtures.

(ac) Subsection 908.2, is amended to read as follows: The piping between any two
consecutive inlet levels shall be considered a wet vented section. Each wet vented section
shall be a minimum of one pipe size larger than the required minimum waste pipe size of
the upper fixture or shall be one pipe size larger than the required minimum pipe size for
the sum of the fixture units served by such wet vented section, whichever is larger, but in
no case less than 2 inches.

(ad) Chapter 12, Fuel Piping, is deleted and replaced with the International Fuel Gas
Code.

(ae) Chapter 13, Health Care Facilities and Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems, is
deleted. In lieu of Chapter 13, the Department of Labor and Industry adopts and
incorporates by reference the National Fire Protection Association's Standard NFPA99C,
Gas and Vacuum Systems, 2005 edition, referred to as NFPA99C, unless a different
edition date is specifically stated, as the standard for the installation of medical gas and
vacuum systems. The requirements of this rule shall not be construed as to replace or
supersede any additional requirements for testing and certification of medical gas and
vacuum systems, including independent third party certification of systems, as may be

applicable. NFPA99C is a nationally recognized standard setting forth minimum standards
and requirements for medical gas and vacuum systems. A copy of NFPA 99C may be
obtained from the National Fire Protection Association, One Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box
9101, Quincy, MA 02269-91 01.

(2) The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements and standards for
plumbing installations for the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare. The
Uniform Plumbing Code is a nationally recognized model code setting forth minimum
standards and requirements for plumbing installations. A copy of the Uniform Plumbing
Code may be obtained from the Department of Labor and Industry, Bureau of Building and
Measurement Standards, P.O. Box 200517, Helena, MT 59620-0517, at cost plus postage
and handling. A copy may also be obtained by writing to the International Association of
Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, 20001 South Walnut Drive, Walnut, CA91789.

History: 50-60-203 . 50-60-504 . 50-60-508 . MCA; [MP , 50-60-201 . 50-60-203 .
50-60-504 . 50-60-508. MCA; NEW , 1978 MAR p. 380, Eff. 3/25/78; AMD , 1978 MAR p.
1480, Eff. 10/27/78; AMD , 1979 MAR p. 1662, Eff. 12/28/79; AMD , 1981 MAR p. 1052,
Eff. 9/18/81; AMD, 1982 MAR p. 2170, Eff. 12/31/82: TRANS .from Dept. of Admin. , Ch.
352, L. 1985, Eff. 7/1/85; AMD , 1986 MAR p. 106, Eff. 1/31/86; AMD , 1989 MAR p. 476,
Eff. 4/28/89; AMD , 1992 MAR p. 1133, Eff. 5/29/92: AMD . 1994 MAR p. 299, Eff. 2/11/94;
AMD , 1996 MAR p. 420, Eff. 2/9/96; AMD , 1997 MAR p. 44, Eff. 1/17/97; AMD , 1997
MAR p. 2061, Eff. 11/18/97: AMD , 1998 MAR p. 2563, Eff. 9/25/98: AMD , 1999 MAR p.
1885, Eff. 10/1/99; AMD , 2000 MAR p. 3168, Eff. 11/10/00: TRANS .from Commerce,
2001 MAR p. 2301: AMD , 2004 MAR p. 571, Eff. 3/12/04; AMD , 2006 MAR p. 567, Eff.
2/24/06; AMD , 2007 MAR p. 112, Eff. 1/26/07.

An American National Standard

lAPMO/ANSI UPC 1-2006

2006
UNIFORM
PLUMBING
CODE

lAPMO.

®

^

.^ tf^^'lona /s,.

v*.

ANSI

MCAA

WORLD PLUMBING
COUNCIL

"^^^^^^I^^K^^"^

REVISION MARKINGS

Code changes from the 2003 edition are marked in the margins as follows:

An arrow denotes a deletion.

I A vertical denotes a change.

TiA TIA indicates that the revision is the result of a Tentative Interim Amendment

^,, For further information on tentative interim amendments see Section 5 of the lAPMO

TIA

jiA Regulations Governing Committee Projects available at http://www.iapmo.org/iapmo/

TIA code_rules-regs.html

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph indicates material that has
been extracted from another document. This reprinted material is not the complete and
official position of the National Fire Protection Association on the reference subject which
is represented by the standard in its entirety. Text which has been extracted pursuant to
lAPMO's Extract Guidelines is denoted with the use of "NFPA" in the margin. This text
has not been fully processed by lAPMO in accordance with ANSI's public announcement
consensus requirements for an American National Standard (ANS) nor approved by
ANSI's Board of Standards Review, but will be fuUy processed in accordance with those
requirements as part of the next revision cycle for this document.

Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 14.

All pressures used in this code are gauge pressures imless otherwise indicated.

Copyright © 2006

by

International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials

All Rights Reserved

No part of this work may be reproduced or recorded in any form or by any means,
except as may be expressly permitted in writing by the publisher.

Twenty-Fourth Edition

First Printing, January 2006

Second Printing, April 2006

Third Printing, May 2006

Fourth Printing, January 2007

Fifth Printing, June 2007
Sixth Printing, October 2007

ISSN 0733-2335

Published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials

5001 E. Philadelphia Street • Ontario, CA 91761-2816 - USA

Main Phone: (909) 472-4100 • Main Fax: (909) 472-4150

897-M

2006 UPC Foreword

The advantages of a uniform plumbing code adopted by various local jurisdictions has long been recognized.
Disorder in the industry as a result of widely divergent plumbing practices and the use of many different,
often conflicting, plumbing codes by local jurisdictions influenced the Western Plumbing Officials Association
(now the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials [lAPMO]) to form a committee of
plumbing inspectors, master and journeyman plumbers, and sanitary and mechanical engineers, assisted by
public utility companies and the plumbing industry to create a basic plumbing document for general use. The
product of this effort, the first edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code'^^ (UPC^"^) was officially adopted by
lAPMO in 1945. The widespread use of this code over the past five decades by jurisdictions throughout the
United States and internationally is testament to its merit.

With the publication of the 2003 Edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code, another significant milestone was
reached. For the first time in the history of the United States, a plumbing code was developed through a true
consensus process. The 2006 edition represents the most current approaches in the plumbing field and is the
second edition developed under the ANSI consensus process. Contributions to the content of the code were
made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing
authorities, installers /maintainers, insurance, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/testing laboratories,
special experts, and users.

The UPC is designed to provide consumers with safe and sanitary plumbing systems while, at the same time,
allowing latitude for innovation and new technologies. The public at large is encouraged and invited to
participate in lAPMO's open consensus code development process. This code is updated every three years. A
code development timeline and other relevant information is available at lAPMO's website at
www.iapmo.org.

The Uniform Plumbing Code is dedicated to all those who, in working to achieve "the ultimate plumbing code,"
have imselfishly devoted their time, effort, and personal fimds to create and maintain this, the finest plumbing
code in existence today.

The 2006 Uniform Plumbing Code is supported by the American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE), the
Mechanical Contractors Association of America (MCAA), the Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors National
Association (PHCC-NA), the United Association (UA), and the World Plumbing Council (WPC). The presence
of these logos, while reflecting support, does not imply any ownership of the copyright to the UPC, which is
held exclusively by lAPMO. Further, the logos of these associations indicates the support of lAPMO's open,
consensus process being used to develop lAPMO's codes and standards.

The addresses of the organizations are as follows:

ASSE - 901 Canterbury Road, Suite A • Westiake, OH 44145-7201 • (440) 835-3040
MCAA - 1385 Piccard Drive • Rockville, MD 20850 • (301) 869-5800
PHCC-NA - PO Box 6808 • Falls Church, VA 22046 • (800) 533-7694
UA - 901 Massachusetts Avenue NW • Washington, DC 20001 • (202) 628-5823
WPC - WPC Secretary • c/o The Institute of Plumbing • 64 Station Lane • Hornchurch Essex
RM12 6NB • United Kingdom • +44 17-08-47-27-91

Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA)

A Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) to any Document may be processed if the Council Secretary
determines, after a preliminary review, and consultation with the appropriate Chair, that the Amendment
appears to be of an emergency nature requiring prompt action and has the endorsement of a Member of the
involved Technical Committee;

Section 206.0 Design Flood Elevation - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on September
26, 2005.

Section 208.0 Flood Hazard Area - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on September

26. 2005.

Section 301.3 Flood Hazard Resistance - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on
September 26, 2005.

Section 301.3.1 General - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on September 26, 2005.

Section301.3.2 Flood hazard areas subject to high velocity wave action - This Tentative Interim
Amendment (TIA) was issued on September 26, 2005.

Section 41 1 .7 - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on December 7, 2005.

Section 507.8 - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on December 7, 2005.

Section 603.4.21 Pure water process systems - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on
December 7, 2005.

Section 603.4.21 .1 Dialysis water systems - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on
December 7, 2005.

Section 715.3 - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on September 17, 2003.

Section 1202.0 General. - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on August 28, 2006.

Section 1216.1 Required Gas Supply. - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on August

28. 2006.

Section 1217.1 Pipe Sizing Methods. - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on August
28,2006.

Section 1217.1.1 Longest Length IVlethod. - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on
August 28, 2006.

Section 1217.1.2 Branch Length Method. - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on August
28, 2006.

Section 1217.1.3 Hybrid Pressure. - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on August
28, 2006.

Section 1217.2 Tables for Sizing Gas-Piping Systems. - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was
issued on August 28, 2006.

Section 1217.3 Sizing Equations. - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on August 28, 2006.

Figure 12-2 Example Illustrating Use of Tables 12-1 and 12-8 - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA)
was issued on August 28, 2006.

Section 1217.4 - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on August 28, 2006.

Section 1 21 7.5 - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on August 28, 2006.

Section 1 21 7.6 - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on August 28, 2006.

Appendix K, K 1 Private Sewage Disposal - General - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued
on September 26, 2005.

Appendix K, K 5 Septic Tank Construction - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on
September 26, 2005.

VI

Appendix K, Table K-1 Location of Sewage Disposal Systems - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA)
was issued on September 26, 2005.

Appendix L, L8.6 Additional Venting Required - This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on
February 7, 2006.

For further information on Tentative Interim Amendments, see Section 5 of the lAPMO Rules Governing
Committee Projects - www.iapmo.org.

VII

COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

These lists represent the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have
occurred. Please refer to the new members list below.

Terry Swisher, Chairman
State of Oregon, [E]

James Weflen, Secretary
Copper Development Association, [M]

Robert Aagaard, American Society of Sanitary

Engineering [R/S/T]
Rand Ackroyd, Rand Engineering [M]

Rep. Plumbing and Drainage Institute
Julius Ballanco, JB Engineering/Code Consultant PC [SE]

Rep. American Society of Plumbing Engineers
George Bliss, United Association [L]
Sylvanus Bloice, Roots Plumbing Ser\'ices [I/M]
Jeremy Brown, NSF International [R/S/T]
Lawrence Brown, National Association of Home Builders [U]
Paul Cabot, American Gas Association [U]
Richard Church, Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association [M]
Donald Dickerson, Donald Dickerson Associates [SE]
Rickey Fabra, Plumbers & Steamfitters Local [L]
Lawrence Gibson, fntertek Testing Services [R/S/T]

John M. Jacobs, Mechanical Contractors Association of America [I/M]
Robert Kordulak, Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors

National Association [I/M]
Theodore Lemoff, NFPA [R/S/T]
William LeVan, Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute [M]
Thomas Pape, California Urban Water Conservation Council [C]
Leonard Ramociotti, City of Reno [E]
Phillips Ribbs, PHR Consultant [SE]
Arnold Rodio, Pace Setter Plumbing [I/M]
Anthony Scarano, Plastics Piping Consultant [SE]
Joseph Stemola, National Propane Gas Association (NPGA) [U]
Larry Soskin, Ace Duraflo [I/M]
Amir Tabakh, City of Los Angeles [E]
John Taecker, Underwriters Laboratories [R/S/T]
Don Traylor, State Plumbing Board of Louisiana [E]
David Viola, Plumbing Manufacturers Institute [M]

Alternates

Ian Chang, Intertek Testing Services [R/S/T]
Shannon Corcoran, American Society of Sanitary

Engineering [R/S/T]
James Dingman, Underwriters Laboratories [R/S/T]
Richard Emerson, Plumbing Manufacturers Institute [M]
Bob Friedlander, Construction Code Consultant [M]

Rep. Plastic Pipe aiid Fittings Association
Myron Havis, Copper Development Association [M]
Nasrin Kashefi, NSF International [R/S/T]
Kirk Nelson, Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors

National Association [I/M]

Michael Tharpe, City of Los Angeles [E]

April Trafton, Donald Dickerson Associates [SE]

Fred Volkers, United Association [L]

James Walls, Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute [M]

Mike Wynne, Plumbers & Steamfitters Local [L]

New Committee Members as of January 2006

Tim CoUings, Salt Lake City, Utah [E] is the new chairman of the
technical committee appointed as of March 2006

Nasser Nikravi, State of California OSHPD [E]

Ray Moore, American Society of Plumbing Enginner [SEl

Nonvoting

Chris Salazar, Ex-Officio, lAPMO [E]*
Carl Marbery, lAPMO Staff Liaison

Morrie Klimboff, Member Emeritus, M Klimboff Consulting [C]*
Ljmne Simnick, lAPMO Saff Liaison

COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP CLASSIFICATION ABBREVIATIONS

These classifications apply to Technical Committee members and represent their principal interest in the activity of a committee.

M Manufacturer: A representative of a maker or marketer of a product, assembly, or system, or portion thereof, that is affected by the standard.

U User: A representative of an entity that is subject to the provisions of tlie standard or that voluntarily uses the standard.

I/M Inslaller/Maintainer: A representative of an entity that is in the business of ir\stalling or maintaining a product, assembly, or system affected by the standard.

L Labor: A labor representative or employee concerned with safety in tl\e workplace.

R/S/T Research/Standards/Testing Laboratory: A representative of an independent research organization; an organization that develops codes, standards or other similar documents; or

an independent testing laboratory.

E Enforcing Authority: A representative or an agency or an organization that promulgates and/or enforces standards.

I Insurance: A representative of an insurance company, broker, agent, bureau, or inspection agency.

C Consumer: A person who is, or represents, the ultimate purdiaser of a product, system, or ser\'ice affected by the standard, but who is not included in the User classification.

SE Special Expert: A person not representing any of the previous classifications, but who has special expertise in the scope of the standard or portion thereof.

VIII

FORM FOR PROPOSALS ON lAPMO UPC/UMC COMMITTEE DOCUMENT

NOTE: Ail proposals MUST be received by 5:00 Pl\/I PST/PDST on tlie published proposal-closing date.

For further information on the standards-making process, please

contact Codes and Standards Administration at 909-472-41 1

For technical assistance, please call lAPMO at 909-472-41 1 1 or

909-472-4104

FOR OFFICE USE ONLY

LOG#

DATE REC'D:

PLEASE USE SEPARATE FORM FOR EACH PROPOSAL

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2. Proposal Recommends (check one): D New Text

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text should be in legislative format: i.e., use underscore to denote wording to be inserted ( inserted wording ) and strike-
through to denote wording to be deleted ( do l otod word i ng ). PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT LEGIBLY IN BLACK INK.]

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Proposal: [Note: State the problem that will be resolved by your
recommendations; give the specific reason for your proposal, including copies of tests, research papers, etc. If more than
200 words, it may be abstracted for publication.]

5. □ This proposal is original material. [Note; Original material is considered to be the submitter's own idea based on or as a result

of his/her own experience, thought, or research and, to the best of his/her knowledge, is not copied from another source.]

n This proposal is not original material, its source (if known) is as follows:

I hereby grant lAPMO all and full rights in copyright, in this proposal, and I understand that I acquire no rights in any publication of
lAPMO in which this proposal appears in this or another similar or analogous form.

Signature (Required):

lAPMO CODES DEPARTMENT FAX • (909) 472-41 98 or (909) 472-4246
Mail to: Secretary, Standards Council • lAPMO • 5001 E Philadelphia Street • Ontario • CA • 91761-2816

IX

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SyBMITTING PROPOSALS
- PLEASE READ CAREFULLY -

1 . Type or print in BLACK ink.

2. Indicate the title of the document and the document year. Also indicate the specific
section or paragraph that the proposed amendment applies to.

3. Check the appropriate box to indicate whether this proposal recommends adding new
text, revising existing text, or deleting text.

4. In the space identified as "Proposal", indicate the exact wording you propose as new
or revised text, or the text you propose be deleted.

5. In the space titled "Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Proposal", state the
problem that will be resolved by your recommendation and give the specific reason
for your proposal. Include copies of test results, research papers, fire experience, or
other materials that substantiate your recommendation. [See note below, item (f).]

6. Check the appropriate box to indicate whether or not this proposal is original material,
and, if it is not, indicate the source of the material.

7. Sign the proposal.

If supplementary material (photographs, diagrams, reports, etc.) is included, you may be
required to submit sufficient copies for all members and alternates of the technical committee.
The technical committee is authorized to abstract the "Statement of Problem and
Substantiation for Proposal" if it exceeds 200 words for publication in the Report on Proposals.

NOTE: The lAPMO Regulations Governing Committee Projects in Paragraph 4-3.3 state:
Each proposal shall be submitted to the Council Secretary and shall include: (a) identification
of the submitter and his or her affiliation (i.e., technical committee, organization, company),
where appropriate; (b) identification of the document, edition of the document, and paragraph
of the document to which the proposal is directed; (c) the proposed text of the proposal,
including the wording to be added, revised (and how revised), or deleted; (d) a statement of
the problem and substantiation for proposal; (e) the signature of the submitter; and (f) two
copies of any document(s) (other than an lAPMO document) being proposed as a reference
standard or publication (see 3-3.7).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Administration 1

101.0 Title, Scope, General . . .1

101.1 Title • ..1

101.2 Purpose 1

101.3 Plans Required 1

101.4 Scope 1

101.5 Application to Existing

Plumbing System ....;.. 2

102.0 Organization and Enforcement 2

102.1 Authority Having Jurisdiction 2

102.2 Duties and Powers of the

Authority Having Jurisdiction 2

102.3 Violations and Penalties 3

103.0 Permits and Inspections ........... . . . .3

103.1 Permits ... .3

103.2 Application for Permit 3

103.3 Permit Issuance .4

103.4 Fees 5

103.5 Inspections 5

103.6 Connection Approval . . .7

103.7 Unconstitutional 7

103.8 Validity .7

Table 1-1 Plumbing Permit Fees 9

Chapter 2 Definitions 11

201.0 General 11

202.0 Definition of Terms 11

Chapter 3 General Regulations 21

301 .0 Materials - Standards and Alternates . .21

301.1 Minimum Standards 21

301.2 Alternate Materials and Methods of
Construction Equivalency 21

301.3 Flood Hazard Resistance 22

302.0 Iron Pipe Size (IPS) Pipe ......... .22

303.0 Disposal of Liquid Waste 22

304.0 Connections to Plumbing

System Required .22

305.0 Sewers Required .22

306.0 Damage to Drainage System

or Public Sewer 22

307.0 Lidustrial Wastes 23

308.0 Location 23

309.0 Improper Location 23

310.0 Workmanship 23

311.0 Prohibited Fittings and Practices . . .23

312.0 Independent Systems 23

313.0 Protection of Piping, Materials,

and Stiuctures 24

314.0 Hangers and Supports 25

315.0 Trenching, Excavation

and Backfill 25

316.0 Joints and Connections 25

317.0 Increasers and Reducers 27

318.0 Food-Handling

Establishments 27

319.0 TestGauges 27

320.0 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems . .27

Chapter 4 Plumbing Fixtures and

Fixture Fittings 29

401.0 Materials -General Requirements . . .29

402.0 Water-Conserving

Fixtures and Fittings 29

403.0 Overflows 29

404.0 Strainers and Connections 29

405.0 Prohibited Fixtures 29

406.0 Special Fixtures and Specialties 30

407.0 h\stallation 30

408.0 Water Closets 30

409.0 Urinals 30

410.0 Flushing Devices for Water

Closets and Urinals ..;... .31

411.0 Floor Drains and Shower Stalls ... .31

412.0 Minimum Number of

Required Fixtures 33

413.0 Fixtures and Fixture Fittings

for Persons with Disabilities 34

414.0 Bathtubs and Whirlpool Bathtubs ..34

415.0 Installation of Fixture Fittings .... .34

416.0 Bidets .34

417.0 Future Fixtures ' ...... .34

418.0 Shower and Tub-Shower

Combination Contiol Valves .... . .34

Table 4-1 Minimum Plumbing Facilities .... .35

Chapter 5 Water Heaters Part I 39

501.0 General 39

502.0 Definitions 39

503.0 Permits 40

XI

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

504.0 Inspection 40

505.0 Water Heater Requirements 40

506.0 Oil-Burning and

Other Water Heaters 40

507.0 Air for Combustion and Ventilation . . . .40
508.0 Other Water Heater

Installation Requirements 40

509.0 Equipment on Roofs 47

510.0 Venting of Equipment 48

511.0 Sizing of Category I Venting Systems ... 62

512.0 Direct- Vent Equipment 66

Part n Sizing of Venting Systems Serving
Appliances Equipped with Draft
Hoods, Category I Appliances, and
Appliances Listed for Use with
Type B Vents 86

Chapter 6 Water Supply and Distribution . . .95

601.0 Rurming Water Required 95

602.0 Unlawful Connections 95

603.0 Cross-Connection Control 96

604.0 Materials 101

605.0 Valves 102

606.0 Joints and Connections 102

607.0 Gravity Supply Tanks 103

608.0 Water Pressure, Pressure Regulators,

Pressure Relief Valves, and Vacuum

Relief Valves 103

609.0 Installation, Testing, Unions,

and Location 104

610.0 Size of Potable Water Piping 105

611.0 Drinking Water Treatment Units . .107

Table 6-5 Water Supply Fixture Units (WSFU)

and Minimum Fixture

Branch Pipe Sizes 108

Table 6-6 Fixture Unit Table for Determining

Water Pipe and Meter Sizes 109

Chapter 7 Sanitary Drainage Ill

Part I Drainage Systems Ill

701.0 Materials Ill

702.0 Fixture Unit Equivalents 113

703.0 Size of Drainage Piping 113

Table 7-3 Drainage Fixture Unit Values

(DFU) 112

Table 7-4 Discharge Capacity In Gallons per
Minute (Liters per Second) For

Intermittent Flow Only 113

704.0 Fixture Connections (Drainage) . . .113

705.0 Joints and Connections 114

706.0 Changes in Direction of Drainage

Flow 115

707.0 Cleanouts 115

708.0 Grade of Horizontal Drainage

Piping 116

709.0 Gravity Drainage Required 117

710.0 Drainage of Fixtures Located Below

the Next Upstream Manhole or Below

the Main Sewer Level 117

711.0 Suds Relief 118

712.0 Testing 118

Part II Building Sewers 119

713.0 Sewer Required 119

714.0 Damage to Public Sewer or Private

Sewage Disposal System .119

715.0 Building Sewer Materials 119

716.0 Markings 119

717.0 Size of Building Sewers 119

718.0 Grade, Support, and Protection of

Building Sewers 120

719.0 Cleanouts 120

720.0 Sewer and Water Pipes 120

721.0 Location 121

722.0 Abandoned Sewers and Sewage

Disposal Facilities 122

723.0 Building Sewer Test 122

Chapter 8 Indirect Wastes 123

801.0 Indirect Wastes 123

802.0 Approvals . . .'. 123

803.0 Indirect Waste Piping 124

804.0 Indirect Waste Receptors 124

805.0 Pressure Drainage Connections . . .124

806.0 Sterile Equipment 124

807.0 Appliances 124

808.0 Cooling Water 124

809.0 Drinking Fountains 124

810.0 Steam and Hot Water Drainage

Condensers and Sumps 125

811.0 Chemical Wastes 125

812.0 Clear Water Wastes 126

XII

TABLE OF CONTENTS

813.0 Swimming Pools 126

814.0 Condensate Wastes and Control . .126

Chapter 9 Vents 127

901.0 Vents Required 127

902.0 Vents Not Required 127

903.0 Materials 127

904.0 Size of Vents 127

905.0 Vent Pipe Grades and Connections . .128

906.0 Vent Termination 128

907.0 Vent Stacks and Relief Vents 128

908.0 Vertical Wet Venting 129

909.0 Special Venting for Island Fixtures . .129

910.0 Combination Waste and

Vent Systems 129

Chapter 10 Traps and Interceptors 131

1001.0 Traps Required 131

1002.0 Traps Protected by Vent Pipes ....131

1003.0 Traps - Described .131

1004.0 Traps - Prohibited 132

1005.0 Trap Seals 132

1006.0 Floor Drain Traps 132

1007.0 Trap Seal Protection 132

1008.0 Building Traps 132

1009.0 Industrial Interceptors (Clarifiers)

and Separators 132

1010.0 Slaughterhouses, Packing

Establishments, etc 132

1011.0 Minimum Requirements

for Auto Wash Racks 132

1012.0 Commercial and

Industrial Laundries 133

1013.0 Bottling Establishments 133

1014.0 Grease Interceptors 133

1015.0 FOG (Fats, Oils, and Greases)

Disposal System 134

1016.0 Sand Interceptors 135

1017.0 Oil and Flammable

Liquid Interceptors 136

Chapter 11 Storm Drainage 137

1101.0 General 137

1102.0 Materials 137

1103.0 Traps on Storm Drains

and Leaders 139

1104.0 Leaders, Conductors,

and Connections 139

1105.0 Roof Drains , 140

1106.0 Size of Leaders, Conductors, and

Storm Drains 140

1107.0 Values of Continuous Flow 140

1108.0 ControUed-Flow Roof Drainage . . .140
1109.0 Testing 141

Chapter 12 Fuel Piping 149

1201.0 Scope of Gas Piping 149

1202.0 General 149

1203.0 Definitions ,149

1204.0 h\spection 150

1205.0 Certificate of Inspection 150

1206.0 Authority to Render

Gas Service 150

1207.0 Authority to Disconnect 151

1208.0 Temporary Use of Gas 151

1209.0 Gas-Piping System Design,

Materials, and Components . .151

1210.0 Excess Flow Valve .157

1211.0 Gas Piping Installation 158

1212.0 Equipment Connections to Building

Piping .165

1213.0 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Facilities

and Piping 166

1214.0 Pressure Testing and Inspection . . .166
1215.0 Interconnections Between

Gas Piping Systems 168

1216.0 Required Gas Supply 168

1217.0 Required Gas Piping Size 168

Table 12-7 to Table 12-23 171

Chapter 13 Health Care Facilities and Medical

Gas and Vacuum Systems 201

Part I Special Requirements for Health

Care Facilities 201

1301.0 Application 201

1302.0 Medical Gas and Vacuum Piping

Systems -Installation Requirements . .201

1303.0 Protrusions from Walls .201

1304.0 Psychiatric Patient Rooms 201

1305.0 Locations for Ice Storage 201

1306.0 Sterilizers 201

1307.0 Vapor Vents and Stacks

for Sterilizers 202

1308.0 Aspirators 202

XIII

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Part II Medical Gas and Vacuum System . .202

1309.0 Application 202

1310.0 Definitions 202

1311.0 General Requirements 203

1312.0 Plan Review 205

1313.0 System Performance 205

1314.0 Required Pipe Sizing 205

1315.0 Workmanship 205

1316.0 Materials 206

1317.0 Cleaning for Medical

Gas Piping Systems 207

1318.0 Installation of Piping 207

1319.0 Joints 208

1320.0 Valves - Requirements, Locations,

and Labeling 210

1321.0 Pressure-Regulating Equipment ..211

1322.0 Station Outlets /Inlets 212

1323.0 Labeling and Identification 212

1324.0 Alarms 213

1325.0 Medical Air System 213

1326.0 Medical Vacuum Pump System . . .214

1327.0 Testing and Inspection 215

1328.0 System Certification 218

Chapter 14 Mandatory Referenced

Standards 223

Table 14-1 Standards for Materials, Equipment,

Joints, and Connections 223

Table 14-1 hidex 247

Abbreviation in Table 14-1 259

Chapter 15 Firestop Protection 261

1501.0 General Requirements 261

1502.0 Plans and Specifications 261

1503.0 Installation 261

1504.0 Definitions 261

1505.0 Combustion Piping Installations . .261

1506.0 Non-Combustible

Piping Installation 261

1507.0 Required Inspection 262

Chapter 16 Gray Water Systems 263

1601.0 Gray Water Systems - General 263

1602.0 Definition , 263

1603.0 Permit 263

1604.0 Drawings and Specifications 263

1605.0 Inspection and Testing 263

1606.0 Procedure for Estimating Gray

Water Discharge 264

1607.0 Required Area of Subsurface

Irrigation /Disposal Fields 264

1608.0 Determination of Maximum

Absorption Capacity .264

1609.0 Holding Tank Construction 265

1610.0 Valves and Piping 265

1611.0 Irrigation/Disposal Field

Construction .265

1612.0 Special Provisions 266

Part II 273

1613.0 Reclaimed Water Systems -

General 273

1614.0 Definitions 273

1615.0 Permit .273

1616.0 Drawings and Specifications ..... .273

1617.0 Pipe Material/Pipe Identification . .273

1618.0 Installation .274

1619.0 Signs 274

1620.0 Inspection and Testing 275

1621.0 Sizing 276

1622.0 Approved Uses of Reclaimed

Water 276

Appendices Table of Contents 277

Appendix A Recommended Rules for Sizing the

Water Supply System 279

Appendix B Explanatory Notes on Con\bination

Waste and Vent Systems 295

Appendix C Deleted
Appendix D Sizing Stormwater

Drainage Systems 297

Appendix E Manufactured /Mobile Home Parks

and Recreational Vehicle Parks 305

Appendix F Firefighter Breathing Air

Replenishment Systems 317

Appendix I Installation Standards

Table of Content 321

Appendix K Private Sewage Disposal Systems . .421
Appendix L Alternate Plumbing Systems 433

Useful Tables 441

Index 449

XIV

CHAPTER 1

ADMINISTRATION

101.0 Title, Scope, and General.

101.1 Title.

This document shall be known as the "Uniform
Plumbing Code," may be cited as such, and will be
referred to herein as "this code."

101.2 Purpose.

This code is an ordinance providing minimum
requirements and standards for the protection of the
public health, safety, and welfare.

101.3 Plans Required.

The Authority Having Jurisdiction may require the
submission of plans, specifications, drawings, and
such other information as the Authority Having
Jurisdiction may deem necessary, prior to the
commencement of, and at any time during the
progress of, any work regulated by this code.

The issuance of a permit upon plans and
specifications shall not prevent the Authority Having
Jurisdiction from thereafter requiring the correction
of errors in said plans and specifications or from
preventing construction operations being carried on
thereunder when in violation of this code or of any
other pertinent ordinance or from revoking any
certificate of approval when issued in error.

101 .4 Scope.

101.4.1 The provisions of this code shall apply
to the erection, installation, alteration, repair,
relocation, replacement, aiddition to, use, or
maintenance of plumbing systems within this
jurisdiction.

1 01 .4.1 .1 Repairs and Alterations.

101.4.1.1.1 In existing buildings or
premises in which plumbing installations
are to be altered, repaired, or renovated,
deviations from the provisions of this
code are permitted, provided such
deviations are found to be necessary
and are first approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

101.4.1.1.2 Existing building sewers
and building drains may be used in
cormection with new buildings or new
plumbing and drainage work only
when they are found on examination
and test to conform in all respects to the
requirements governing new work, and
the proper Autiiority Having Jurisdiction
shall notify the owner to make any

changes necessary to conform to this
code. No building, or part thereof, shall
be erected or placed over any part of a
drainage system that is constructed of
materials other than those approved
elsewhere in this code for use under or
within a building.

1 01 .4.1 .1 .3 All openings into a drainage
or vent system, excepting those openings
to which plumbing fixtures are properly
connected or which constitute vent
terminals, shall be permanently plugged
or capped in an approved manner, using
the appropriate materials required by
this code.

1 01 .4.1 .2 Maintenance. The plumbing and
drainage system of any premises under the
Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be
maintained in a sanitary and safe operating
condition by the owner or the owner's
agent.

101.4.1.3 Existing Construction. No provi-
sion of this code shall be deemed to
require a change in any portion of a plumbing
or drainage system or any other work
regulated by this code in or on an existing
building or lot when such work was
installed and is maintained in accordance
with law in effect prior to the effective date
of this code, except when any such plumbing
or drainage system or other work regulated
by this code is determined by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction to be in fact dangerous,
unsafe, insanitary, or a nuisance and a
menace to life, health, or property.

101.4.1.4 Conflicts Between Codes. When
the requirements within the jurisdiction of
this plumbing code conflict with the require-
ments of the mechanical code, this code shall
prevail.

101.4.2 Additions, alterations, repairs, and
replacement of plumbing systems shall comply
with the provisions for new systems except as
otherwise provided in Section 101.5.

101.4.3 The provisions in the appendices are
intended to supplement the requirements of this
code and shall not be considered part of this
code unless formally adopted as such.

101.5-102.2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

101.5 Application to Existing Plumbing System.

101.5.1 Additions, Alterations, or Repairs.

Additions, alterations, or repairs may be made
to any plumbing system without requiring the
existing plumbing system to comply with all the
requirements of this code, provided the addition,
alteration, or repair conforms to that required for
a new plumbing system. Additions, alterations,
or repairs shall not cause an existing system to
become unsafe, insanitary, or overloaded.

101.5.2 Health and Safety. Whenever com-
pliance with all the provisions of this code
fails to eliminate or alleviate a nuisance, or any
other dangerous or insanitary condition that
may involve health or safety hazards, the owner
or the owner's agent shall install such additional
plumbing and drainage facilities or shall make
such repairs or alterations as may be ordered by
the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

101.5.3 Existing Installation. Plumbing
systems lawfully in existence at the time of the
adoption of this code may have their use,
maintenance, or repair continued if the use,
maintenance, or repair is in accordance with the
original design and location and no hazard to
life, health, or property has been created by
such plumbing system.

101.5.4 Changes in Building Occupancy.

Plumbing systems that are a part of any
building or structure undergoing a change in use
or occupancy, as defined in the Building Code,
shall comply to all requirements of this code that
may be applicable to the new use or occupancy.

101.5.5 Maintenance. All plumbing systems,
materials, and appurtenances, both existing and
new, and all parts thereof shall be maintained in
proper operating condition. All devices or safe-
guards required by this code shall be maintained
in conformance with the code edition under
which installed. The owner or the owner's
designated agent shall be responsible for mainte-
nance of plumbing systems. To determine
compliance with this subsection, the Authority
Having Jurisdiction may cause any plumbing
system to be reinspected.

101.5.6 Moved Buildings. Plumbing systems
that are part of buildings or structures moved
into this jurisdiction shall comply with the
provisions of this code for new installations,
except as provided for in Section 103.5.5.2.

102.0 Organization and Enforcement.

102.1 Authority Having Jurisdiction.

The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be the
Authority duly appointed to enforce this code.

102.2 Duties and Powers of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

102.2.1 The Authority Having Jurisdiction may
appoint such assistants, deputies, inspectors, or
other employees as necessary to carry out the
functions of the department and this code.

102.2.2 Right of Entry. Whenever it is
necessary to make an inspection to enforce the
provisions of this code, or whenever the
Authority Having Jurisdiction has reasonable
cause to believe that there exists in any building
or upon any premises any condition or violation
of this code that makes the building or premises
unsafe, insanitary, dangerous, or hazardous, the
Authority Having Jurisdiction may enter the
building or premises at all reasonable times to
inspect or to perform the duties imposed upon
the Authority Having Jurisdiction by this code,
provided that if such building or premises is
occupied, the Authority Having Jurisdiction
shall present credentials to the occupant and
request entry. If such building or premises is
unoccupied, the Authority Having Jurisdiction
shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the
owner or other person having charge or control
of the building or premises and request entry. If
entry is refused, the Authority Having Juris-
diction has recourse to every remedy provided
by law to secure entry.

When the Authority Having Jurisdiction
shall have first obtained a proper inspection
warrant or other remedy provided by law to
secure entry, no owner, occupant, or person
having charge, care, or control of any building or
premises shall fail or neglect, after proper
request is made as herein provided, to promptly
permit entry herein by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction for the purpose of inspection and
examination pursuant to this code.

102.2.3 Stop Orders. Whenever any work is
being done contrary to the provisions of this
code, the Authority Having Jurisdiction may
order the work stopped by notice in writing
served on any persons engaged in the doing or
causing such work to be done, and any such
persons shall forthwith stop work until
authorized by the Authority Having Jurisdiction
to proceed with the work.

102.2.4 Authority to Disconnect Utilities in
Emergencies. The Authority Having Jurisdiction
shall have the authority to disconnect a plumbing
system to a building, structure, or equipment
regulated by this code in case of emergency
where necessary to eliminate an immediate
hazard to life or property.

ADMINISTRATION

102.2-103.2

102.2.5 Authority to Condemn. Whenever the
Authority Having Jurisdiction ascertains that
any plumbing system or portion thereof,
regulated by this code, has become hazardous
to life, health, or property, or has become
insanitary, the Authority Having Jurisdiction
shall order in writing that such plumbing either
be removed or placed in a safe or sanitary
condition, as appropriate. The order shall fix a
reasonable time limit for compliance. No person
shall use or maintain defective plumbing after
receiving such notice.

When such plumbing system is to be
disconnected, written notice shall be given. In
cases of immediate danger to life or property,
such discormection may be made immediately
without such notice.

102.2.6 Liability. The Authority Having
Jurisdiction charged with the enforcement of this
code, acting in good faith and without malice in
the discharge of the Authority Having Jurisdiction's
duties, shall not thereby be rendered personally
liable for any damage that may accrue to
persons or property as a result of any act or by
reason of any act or omission in the discharge of
duties. A suit brought against the Authority
Having Jurisdiction or employee because of such
act or omission performed in the enforcement of
any provision of this code shall be defended by
legal counsel provided by this jurisdiction until
final termination of such proceedings.

102.3 Violations and Penalties.

102.3.1 Violations. It shall be unlawful for any
person, firm, or corporation to erect, construct,
enlarge, alter, repair, move, improve, remove,
convert, demolish, equip, use, or maintain any
plumbing or permit the same to be done in
violation of this code.

102.3.2 Penalties. Any person, firm, or cor-
poration violating any provision of this code
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and
upon conviction thereof, shall be punishable by
a fine and /or imprisonment set forth by the
governing laws of the jurisdiction. Each separate
day or any portion thereof, during which any
violation of this code occurs or continues, shall
be deemed to constitute a separate offense.

103.0 Permits and Inspections.

103.1 Permits.

103.1 .1 Permits Required. It shall be unlawful
for any person, firm, or corporation to make any
installation, alteration, repair, replacement, or
remodel any plumbing system regulated by this

code except as permitted in Section 103.1.2, or to
cause the same to be done without first obtaining
a separate plumbing permit for each separate
building or structure.

103.1.2 Exempt Work. A permit shall not be
required for the following:

103.1.2.1 The stopping of leaks in drains,
soil, waste, or vent pipe, provided, however,
that should any trap, drainpipe, soil, waste,
or vent pipe become defective and it
becomes necessary to remove and replace
the same with new material, the same shall
be considered as new work and a permit
shall be procured and inspection made as
provided in this code.

103.1.2.2 (1) The clearing of stoppages,
including the removal and reinstallation of
water closets, or

(2) the repairing of leaks ki pipes, valves, or
fixtures, provided such repairs do not
involve or require the replacement or
rearrangement of valves, pipes, or fixtures.

Exemption from the permit requirements
of this code shall not be deemed to grant
authorization for any work to be done in
violation of the provisions of the code or
any other laws or ordinances of this
jurisdiction.

1 03.1 .3 Licensing. Provision for licensing shall be
determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

103.2 Application for Permit.

103.2.1 Application. To obtain a permit, the
applicant shall first file an application therefore
in writing on a form furnished by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction for that purpose. Every such
application shall:

103.2.1.1 Identify and describe the work to
be covered by the permit for which
application is made.

103.2.1.2 Describe the land upon which the
proposed work is to be done by legal
description, street address, or similar
description that will readily identify
and definitely locate the proposed building
or work.

103.2.1.3 Indicate the use or occupancy for
which the proposed work is intended.

103.2.1.4 Be accompanied by plans, dia-
grams, computations, and other data as
required in Section 103.2.2.

1 03.2.1 .5 Be signed by the permittee or the
permittee's authorized agent, who may be

103.2-103.3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

required to submit evidence to indicate such
authority.

103.2.1 .6 Give such other data and information
as may be required by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

103.2.2 Plans and Specifications. Plans,
engineering calculations, diagrams, and other
data shall be submitted in one or more sets with
each application for a permit. The Authority
Having Jurisdiction may require plans,
computations, and specifications to be prepared
by, and the plumbing designed by, an engineer
and /or architect licensed by the state to practice
as such.

Exception: The Authority Having Jurisdiction
may waive the submission of plans, calcu-
lations, or other data if the Authority
Having Jurisdiction finds that the nature of
the work applied for is such that reviewing
of plans is not necessary to obtain com-
pliance within the code.

103.2.3 Information on Plans and Specifications.

Plans and specifications shall be drawn to scale
upon substantial paper or cloth and shall be of
sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature,
and extent of the work proposed and show in
detail that it will conform to the provisions of
this code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules,
and regulations.

103.3 Permit Issuance.

103.3.1 Issuance. The application, plans, and
specifications and other data filed by an
applicant for a permit shall be reviewed by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. Such plans may
be reviewed by other departments of this
jurisdiction to verify compliance with applicable
laws under their jurisdiction. If the Authority
Having Jurisdiction finds that the work
described in an application for permit and
the plans, specifications, and other data filed
therewith conform to the requirements of the
code and other pertinent laws and ordinances,
and that the fees specified in Section 103.4 have
been paid, the Authority Having Jurisdiction
shall issue a permit therefore to the applicant.

When the Authority Having Jurisdiction
issues the permit where plans are required, the
Authority Having Jurisdiction shall endorse in
writing or stamp the plans and specifications
"APPROVED." Such approved plans and
specifications shall not be changed, modified, or
altered without authorization from the
Authority Having Jurisdiction, and all work
shall be done in accordance with approved plans.

The Authority Having Jurisdiction may
issue a permit for the construction of a part of a
plumbing system before the entire plans and
specifications for the whole system have been
submitted or approved, provided adequate
information and detailed statements have been
filed complying with all pertinent requirements
of this code. The holder of such permit may
proceed at the holder's risk without assurance
that the permit for the entire building, structure,
or plumbing system will be granted.

103.3.2 Retention of Plans. One set of

approved plans, specifications, and computations
shall be retained by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction until final approval of the
work covered therein. One set of approved plans
and specifications shall be returned to the
applicant, and said set shall be kept on the site of
the building or work at all times during which
the work authorized thereby is in progress.

103.3.3 Validity of Permit. The issuance of a
permit or approval of plans and specifications
shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an
approval of, any violation of any of the
provisions of this code or of any other ordinance
of the jurisdiction. No permit presuming to give
authority to violate or cancel the provisions of
this code shall be valid.

The issuance of a permit based upon plans,
specifications, or other data shaiU not prevent the
Authority Having Jurisdiction from thereafter
requiring the correction of errors in said plans,
specifications, and other data or from preventing
building operations being carried on thereunder
when in violation of this code or of other
ordinances of this jurisdiction.

103.3.4 Expiration. Every permit issued by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction under the
provisions of this code shall expire by limitation
and become null and void if the work authorized
by such permit is not commenced within one
hundred eighty (180) days from the date of such
permit, or if the work authorized by such permit
is suspended or abandoned at any time after the
work is commenced for a period of one hundred
eighty (180) days. Before such work can be
recommenced, a new permit shall first be
obtained to do so, and the fee therefore shall be
one-half the amount required for a new
permit for such work, provided no changes have
been made or will be made in the original plans
and specifications for such work, and provided
further that such suspensions or abandonment
has not exceeded one year.

ADMINISTRATION

103.3-103.5

Any permittee holding an unexpired permit
may apply for an extension of the time within
which work may commence under that permit
when the permittee is unable to commence work
within the time required by this section for good
and satisfactory reasons. The Authority Having
Jurisdiction may extend the time for action by
the permittee for a period not exceeding one
hundred eighty (180) days upon written request
by the permittee showing that circumstances
beyond the control of the permittee have
prevented action from being taken. No permit
shall be extended more than once. In order to
renew action on a permit after expiration, the
permittee shall pay a new full permit fee.

103.3.5 Suspension or Revocation. The

Authority Having Jurisdiction may, in writing,
suspend or revoke a permit issued under the
provisions of this code whenever the permit is
issued in error or on the basis of incorrect
information supplied or in violation of other
ordinance or regulation of the jurisdiction.

103.4 Fees.

103.4.1 Permit Fees. Fees shall be assessed in
accordance with the provisions of this section
and as set forth in the fee schedule Table 1-1. The
fees are to be determined and adopted by this
jurisdiction.

103.4.2 Plan Review Fees. When a plan or
other data is required to be submitted by Section
103.2.2, a plan review fee shall be paid at the
time of submitting plans and specifications for
review.

The plan review fees for plumbing work shall
be determined and adopted by this jurisdiction.

The plan review fees specified in this
subsection are separate fees from the permit fees
specified in this section and are in addition to
the permit fees.

When plans are incomplete or changed so as
to require additional review, a fee shall be
charged at the rate shown in Table 1-1.

103.4.3 Expiration of Plan Review. Applications
for which no permit is issued within one
hundred eighty (180) days following the date of
application shall expire by limitation, and plans
and other data submitted for review may
thereafter be returned to the applicant or
destroyed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
The Authority Having Jurisdiction may exceed
the time for action by the applicant for a period
not to exceed one hundred eighty (180) days
upon request by the applicant showing that
circumstances beyond the control of the

applicant have prevented action from being
taken. No application shall be extended more
than once. In order to renew, action on an
application after expiration, the applicant shall
resubmit plans and pay a new plan review fee.

103.4.4 Investigation Fees: Work Without a
Permit.

103.4.4.1 Whenever any work for which a
permit is required by this code has been
commenced without first obtaining said
permit, a special investigation shall be made
before a permit may be issued for such work.

103.4.4.2 An investigation fee, in addition
to the permit fee, shall be collected whether
or not a permit is then or subsequently
issued. The investigation fee shall be equal
to the amount of the permit fee that would
be required by this code if a permit were to
be issued. The payment of such investigation
fee shall not exempt any person from
compliance with all other provisions of this
code, nor from any penalty prescribed by law.

103.4.5 Fee Refunds.

103.4.5.1 The Authority Having Jurisdiction
may authorize the refunding of any fee paid
hereunder that was erroneously paid or
collected.

1 03.4.5.2 The Authority Having Jurisdiction
may authorize the refunding of not more
than a percentage, as determined by this
jurisdiction when no work has been done
under a permit issued in accordance with
this code.

1 03.4.5.3 The Authority Having Jurisdiction
shall not authorize the refunding of any fee
paid except upon written application filed
by the original permittee not later than one
hundred eighty (180) days after the date of
fee payment.

103.5 Inspections.

103.5.1 General. All plumbing systems for
which a permit is required by this code shall be
inspected by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
No portion of any plumbing system shall be
concealed until inspected and approved. Neither
the Authority Having Jurisdiction nor the
jurisdiction shall be liable for expense entailed in
the removal or replacement of material required
to permit inspection. When the installation of a
plumbing system is complete, an additional and
final inspection shall be made. Plumbing
systems regulated by this code shall not be
connected to the water, the energy fuel supply.

103.5

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

or the sewer system uritil authorized by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

103.5.1.1 Inspection. No water supply
system or portion thereof shall be covered or
concealed until it first has been tested,
inspected, and approved.

103.5.1.2 Scope. All new plumbing work
and such portions of existing systems as
may be affected by new work, or any
changes, shall be inspected by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction to ensure compliance
with all the requirements of this code and
to ensure that the installation and construc-
tion of the plumbing system is in accordance
with approved plans.

103.5.1.3 Covering or Using. No plumbing
or drainage system, building sewer, private
sewer disposal system, or part thereof, shall be
covered, concealed, or put into use until it has
been tested, inspected, and accepted as
prescribed in this code.

103.5.1.4 Uncovering. If any drainage or
plumbing system, building sewer, private
sewage disposal system, or part thereof,
which is installed, altered, or repaired, is
covered or concealed before being inspected,
tested, and approved as prescribed in this
code, it shall be uncovered for inspection
after notice to uncover the work has been
issued to the responsible person by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

103.5.2 Operation of Plumbing Equipment.

The requirements of this section shall not be
considered to prohibit the operation of any
plumbing installed to replace existing equipmient
or fixtures serving an occupied portion of the
building in the event a request for inspection of
such equipment or fixture has been filed with
the Authority Having Jurisdiction not more than
seventy-two (72) hours after such replacement
work is completed, and before any portion of
such plumbing system is concealed by any
permanent portion of the building.

103.5.3 Testing of Systems. All plumbing
systems shall be tested and approved as
required by this code or the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

103.5.3.1 Test. Tests shall be conducted in
the presence of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction or the Authority Having
Jurisdiction's duly appointed representative.

103.5.3.2 Test Waived. No test or inspection
shall be required where a plumbing system,

or part thereof, is set up for exhibition
purposes and has no connection with a
water or drainage system.

103.5.3.3 Exceptions. In cases where it
would be impractical to provide the required
water or air tests, or for minor installations
and repairs, the Authority Having Jurisdiction
may make such inspection as deemed
advisable in order to be assured that the
work has been performed in accordance
with the intent of this code.

103.5.3.4 Protectively Coated Pipe.

Protectively coated pipe shall be inspected
and tested, and any visible void, damage, or
imperfection to the pipe coating shall be
repaired to comply with Section 313.0 (see
lAPMO IS-13, Hsted in Appendix I).

103.5.3.5 Tightness. Joints and connections
in the plumbing system shall be gastight
and watertight for the pressures required by
test.

103.5.4 Inspection Requests. It shall be the
duty of the person doing the work authorized by
a permit to notify the Authority . Having
Jurisdiction that such work is ready for
inspection. The Authority Having Jurisdiction
may require that every request for inspection be
filed at least one working day before such
inspection is desired. Such request may be in
writing or by telephone, at the option of the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

It shall be the duty of the person requesting
inspections required by this code to provide
access to and means for proper inspection of
such work.

103.5.4.1 Advance Notice. It shall be
the duty of the person doing the work
authorized by the permit to notify the
Authority Having Jurisdiction, orally or
in writing, that said work is ready for
inspection. Such notification shall be
given not less than twenty-four (24)
hours before the work is to be inspected.

103.5.4.2 Responsibility. It shall be the
duty of the holder of a permit to make sure
that the work will stand the test prescribed
before giving the notification.

The equipment, material, and labor
necessary for inspection or tests shall be
furnished by the person to whom the
permit is issued or by whom inspection
is requested.

103.5.5 Other Inspections. In addition to
the inspections required by this code, the

ADMINISTRATION

103.5 -103.8

Authority Having Jurisdiction may require
other inspections of any plumbing work to
ascertain compliance with the provisions of
this code and other laws that are enforced
by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

103.5.5.1 Defective Systems. An air test
shall be used in testing the sanitary condition
of the drainage or plumbing system of any
building premises when there is reason to
believe that it has become defective. In
buildings or premises condemned by the
proper Authority Having Jurisdiction
because of an insanitary condition of the
plumbing system or part thereof, the
alterations in such system shall conform to
the requirements of this code.

103.5.5.2 Moved Structures. All parts
of the plumbing systems of any building or
part thereof that is moved from one founda-
tion to another, or from one location to another,
shall be completely tested as prescribed
elsewhere in this section for new work, except
that walls or floors need not be removed
during such test when other equivalent
means of inspection acceptable to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction are provided.

103.5.6 ReJnspections. A reinspection fee
may be assessed for each inspection or reins-
pection when such portion of work for which
inspection is called is not complete or when
required corrections have not been made.

This provision is not to be interpreted as
requiring reinspection fees the first time a
job is rejected for failure to comply with the
requirements of this code, but as controlling
the practice of calling for inspections before
the job is ready for inspection or reinspection.

Reinspection fees may be assessed when the
approved plans are not readily available
to the inspector, for failure to provide access on
the date for which the inspection is requested, or
for deviating from plans requiring the approval
of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

To obtain reinspection, the applicant shall
file an application therefore in writing upon a
form furnished for that purpose and pay the
reinspection fee in accordance with Table 1-1.

In instances where reinspection fees have
been assessed, no additional inspection of the
work will be performed until the required fees
have been paid.

103.5.6.1 Corrections. Notices of correction
or violation shall be written by the Authority

Having Jurisdiction and may be posted at the
site of the work or mailed or delivered to the
permittee or his authorized representative.

Refusal, failure, or neglect to comply
with any such notice or order within ten
(10) days of receipt thereof, shall be
considered a violation of this code and
shall be subject to the penalties set forth
elsewhere in this code for violations.

103.5.6.2 Retesting. If the Authority
Having Jurisdiction finds that the work
will not pass the test, necessary corrections
shall be made, and the work shall then be
resubmitted for test or inspection.

103.5.6.3 Approval. Upon the satisfactory
completion and final test of the plumbing
system, a certificate of approval shall be
issued by the Authority Having Jurisdiction
to the permittee on demand.

103.6 Connection Approval.

103.6.1 Energy Connections. No person shall
make connections from a source of energy or
fuel to any plumbing system or equipment
regulated by this code and for which a permit is
required until approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

103.6.2 Other Connections. No person shall
make connection from any water-supply line nor
shall cormect to any sewer system regulated by
this code and for which a permit is required until
approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

103.6.3 Temporary Connections. The Authority
Having Jurisdiction may authorize temporary
connection of the plumbing equipment to the
source of energy or fuel for the purpose of
testing the equipment.

103.7 Unconstitutional.

103.7.1 If any section, subsection, sentence,
clause, or phrase of this code is, for any reason,
held to be unconstitutional, siich decision shall
not affect the validity of the remaining portions
. of this code. The Legislative body hereby
declares that it would have passed this code, and
each section, subsection, sentence, clause, or
phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that
one or more sections, subsections, sentences,
clauses, and phrases are declared
unconstitutional.

103.8 Validity

103.8.1 If any provision of this code, or the
application thereof to any person or circimistance,
is held invalid, the remainder of the code, or the
application of such provision to other persons or
circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.

103.8 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

1 03.8.2 Wherever in this code reference is made
to an appendix, the provisions in the appendix
shall not apply unless specifically adopted.

ADMINISTRATION Table 1-1

TABLE 1-1

Plumbing Permit Fees
Permit Issuance

1. For issuing each permit *

2. For issuing each supplemental permit *

Unit Fee Schedule (in addition to items 1 and 2 above)

1 . For each plumbing fixture on one trap or a set of fixtures on one trap (including water,

drainage piping, and backflow protection therefore) ....*

2. For each building sewer and each trailer park sewer *_

3. Rainwater systems - per drain (inside building) *

4. For each cesspool (where permitted) *

5. For each private sewage disposal system *

6. For each water heater and/or vent *

7. For each gas piping system of one to five outlets *

8. For each additional gas piping system outlet, per outlet *

9. For each industrial waste pretreatment interceptor, including its trap and vent,

except kitchen-type grease interceptors functioning as fixture traps *

10. For each installation, alteration, or repair of water piping and/or water treating equipment, each ..*

11. For each repair or alteration of drainage or vent piping, each fixture *

12. For each lawn sprinkler system on any one meter including backflow protection devices therefore ...*

13. For atmospheric-type vacuum breakers not included in item 12:

1 to 5 *

overs, each *

14. For each backflow protective device other than atmospheric-type vacuum breakers:

2 inch (51 mm) diameter and smaller *

over 2 inch (51 mm) diameter *

15. For each graywater system *

16. For initial installation and testing for a reclaimed water system *

17. For each annual cross-connection testing of a reclaimed water system (excluding initial test) *

18. For each medical gas piping system serving one to five inlet(s)/outlet(s) for a specific gas *

19. For each additional medical gas inlet(s)/outlet(s) *

Other Inspections and Fees

1 . Inspections outside of normal business hours

2. Reinspection fee

3. Inspections for which no fee is specifically indicated

4. Additional plan review required by changes, additions, or
revisions to approved plans (minimum charge - one-half hour).

* Jurisdiction will indicate their fees here.

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

10

CHAPTER 2

DEFINITIONS

201.0 General.

For the purpose of this code, the following terms
have the meanings indicated in this chapter.

No attempt is made to define ordinary words,
which are used in accordance with their established
dictionary meanings, except where a word has been
used loosely and it is necessary to define its meaning
as used in this code to avoid misunderstanding.

The definitions of terms are arranged alphabe-
tically according to the first word of the term.

202.0 Definition of Terms.

203.0

-A-

ABS - Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.

Accessible - When applied to a fixture, connection,
appliance, or equipment, "accessible" means having
access thereto, but which first may require the
removal of an access panel, door, or similar
obstruction. "Readily accessible" means direct access
without the necessity of removing any panel, door,
or similar obstruction.

Airbreak - A physical separation which may be a
low inlet into the indirect waste receptor from the
fixture, appliance, or device indirectly connected.

Air Chamber - A pressure surge-absorbing device
operating through the compressibility of air.

Airgap, Drainage - The unobstructed vertical
distance through the free atmosphere between the
lowest opening from any pipe, plumbing fixture,
appliance, or appurtenance conveying waste to the
flood-level rim of the receptor.

Airgap, Water Distribution - The unobstructed
vertical distance through the free atmosphere
between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet
conveying potable water to the flood-level rim of any
tartk, vat, or fixture.

Anchors - See Supports.

Approved - Acceptable to the Authority Having

Jurisdiction.

Approved Testing Agency - An organization
primarily established for purposes of testing to
approved standards and approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

Area Drain - A receptor designed to collect surface
or storm water from an open area.

Aspirator - A fitting or device supplied with water
or other fluid under positive pressure that passes
through an integral orifice or constriction, causing a
vacuum.

Authority Having Jurisdiction - The organization,
office, or individual responsible for enforcing the
requirements of a code or standard, or for approving
equipment, materials, installations, or procedures.
The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be a federal,
state, local, or other regional department or an
individual such as a plumbing official, mechanical
official, labor department official, health department
official, building official, or others having statutory
authority. In the absence of a statutory authority, the
Authority Having Jurisdiction may be some other
responsible party. This definition shall include the
Authority Having Jurisdiction's duly authorized
representative.

204.0 - B -

Backflow - The flow of water or other liquids,
mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of
a potable supply of water from any sources other
than its intended source. See Back-Siphonage, Back-
Pressure Backflow.

Backflow Connection - Any arrangement whereby
backflow can occur.

Back-Pressure Backflow - Backflow due to an
increased pressure above the supply pressure, which
may be due to pumps, boilers, gravity, or other
sources of pressure.

Backflow Preventer - A device or means to prevent
backflow into the potable water system.

Back-Siphonage - The flowing back of used,
contaminated, or polluted water from a plumbing
fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a
pressure less than atmospheric in such pipe. See
Backflow.

Backwater Valve - A device installed in a drainage
system to prevent reverse flow.

Bathroom - A room equipped with a shower or
bathtub.

Battery of Fixtures - Any group of two (2) or more
similar, adjacent fixtures that discharge into a
common horizontal waste or soil branch.

Boiler Blowoff - An outlet on a boiler to permit
emptying or discharge of sediment.

Branch - Any part of the piping system other than a
main, riser, or stack.

11

204.0 - 205.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Branch, Fixture - See Fixture Branch.

Branch, Horizontal - See Horizontal Branch.

Branch Vent - A vent connecting one or more
individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent.

Building - A structure built, erected, and framed of
component structural parts designed for the housing,
shelter, enclosure, or support of persons, animals, or
property of any kind.

Building Drain - That part of the lowest piping of a
drainage system that receives the discharge from
soil, waste, and other drainage pipes inside the walls
of the building and conveys it to the building sewer
begiiming two (2) feet (610 mm) outside the building
wall.

Building Drain (Sanitary) - A building drain that

conveys sewage only.

Building Drain (Storm) - A building drain that

conveys storm water or other drainage, but no

sewage.

Building Sewer - That part of the horizontal piping
of a drainage system that extends from the end of the
building drain and that receives the discharge of the
building drain and conveys it to a public sewer,
private sewer, private sewage disposal system, or
other point of disposal.

Building Sewer (Combined) - A building sewer
that conveys both sewage and storm water or other
drainage.

Building Sewer (Sanitary) - A building sewer that
conveys sewage only.

Building Sewer (Storm) - A building sewer that
conveys storm water or other drainage, but no
sewage.

Building Subdrain - That portion of a drainage
system that does not drain by gravity into the
building sewer.

Building Supply - The pipe carrying potable water
from the water meter or other source of water supply
to a building or other point of use or distribution on
the lot. Building supply shall also mean water service.

205.0

-C-

Certified Baclcflow Assembly Tester - A person
who has shown competence to test and maintain
backflow assemblies to the satisfaction of the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

Cesspool - A lined excavation in the ground that
receives the discharge of a drainage system or part
thereof, so designed as to retain the organic matter
and solids discharging therein, but permitting the
liquids to seep through the bottom and sides.

Chemical Waste - See Special Wastes.

Clarif ier - See Interceptor.

Clear Water Waste - Cooling water and condensate
drainage from refrigeration and air-conditioning
equipment; cooled condensate from steam heating
systems; cooled boiler blowdown water.

Clinic Sinl< - A sink designed primarily to receive
wastes from bedpans and having a flush rim, an
integral trap with a visible trap seal, and the same
flushing and cleansing characteristics as a water
closet.

Code - A standard that is an extensive compilation
of provisions covering broad subject matter or that is
suitable for adoption into law independently of other
codes and standards.

Combination Thermostatic/Pressure Balancing
Valve - A mixing valve that senses outlet tempera-
ture and incoming hot and cold water pressure and
compensates for fluctuations in incoming hot and
cold water temperatures and/or pressures to
stabilize outlet temperatures.

Combination Waste and Vent System - A specially
designed system of waste piping embodying the
horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor
drains by nieans of a comnion waste and vent pipe,
adequately sized to provide free movement of air
above the flow line of the drain.

Combined Building Sewer - See Building Sewer
(Combined).

Common - That part of a plumbing system that is so
designed and installed as to serve more than one (1)
appliance, fixture, building, or system.

Conductor - A pipe inside the building that conveys
storm water from the roof to a storm drain,
combined building sewer, or other approved point of
disposal.

Confined Space - A room or space having a volume
less than fifty (50) cubic feet per 1,000 Btu/h (1.4
mV293 W) of the aggregate input rating of all fuel-
burning appliances installed in that space.

Contamination - An impairment of the quality of
the potable water that creates an actual hazard to the
public health through poisoning or through the
spread of disease by sewage, industrial fluids, or
waste. Also defined as High Hazard.

Continuous Vent - A vertical vent that is a
continuation of the drain to which it connects.

Continuous Waste - A drain connecting the
compartments of a set of fixtures to a trap or
connecting other permitted fixtures to a common trap.

CPVC - Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride).

Critical Level - The critical level (C-L or C/L)
marking on a backflow prevention device or vacuum
breaker is a point conforming to approved standards

12

DEFINITIONS

205.0 - 208.0

TIA
TIA
TIA

FIA
lA

and established by the testing laboratory (usually
stamped on the device by the manufacturer) that
determines the minimum elevation above the flood-
level rim of the fixture or receptor served at which
the device may be installed. When a backflow
prevention device does not bear a critical level
marking, the bottom of the vacuum breaker,
combination valve, or the bottom of any such
approved device shall constitute the critical level.

Cross-Connection - Any connection or
arrangement, physical or otherwise, between a
potable water supply system and any plumbing
fixture or any tank, receptor, equipment, or device,
through which it may be possible for non potable,
used, unclean, polluted, and contaminated water, or
other substances to enter into any part of such
potable water system under any condition.

207.0

-E-

206.0

-D

Department Having Jurisdiction - The Authority
Having Jurisdiction, including any other law
enforcement agency affected by any provision of
this code, whether such agency is specifically named
or not.

Design Flood Elevation - The elevation of the
"design flood," including wave height, relative to the
datum specified on the community's legally
designated flood hazard map.

Developed Length - The length along the center
line of a pipe and fittings.

Diameter - Unless specifically stated, "diameter" is
the nominal diameter as designated commercially.

Domestic Sewage - The liquid and water-borne
wastes derived from the ordinary living processes,
free from industrial wastes, and of such character as
to permit satisfactory disposal, without special
treatment, into the public sewer or by means of a
private sewage disposal system.

Downspout - The rain leader from the roof to the
building storm drain, combined building sewer, or
other means of disposal located outside of the
building. See Conductor and Leader.

Drain - Any pipe that carries waste or waterborne
wastes in a building drainage system.

Drainage System - Includes all the piping within
public or private premises that conveys sewage or
other liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal, but
does not include the mains of a public sewer system
or a public sewage treatment or disposal plant.

Durham System - A soil or waste system in which
all piping is threaded pipe, tubing, or other such
rigid construction, using recessed drainage fittings to
correspond to the types of piping.

Effective Opening - The minimum cross-sectional
area at the point of water supply discharge measured
or expressed in terms of (1) diameter of a circle or. (2)
if the opening is not circular, the diameter of a circle
of equivalent cross-sectional area. (This is applicable
also to airgap.)

Essentially Nontoxic Transfer Fluid - Essentially
nontoxic at practically nontoxic. Toxicity Rating Class
1 (reference "Clinical Toxicology of Commercial
Products" by Gosselin, Smith, Hodge, & Braddock).

Excess Flow Valve - A valve designed to close
when the fuel gas passing through exceeds a
prescribed flow rate.

Existing Work - A plumbing system or any part
thereof that has been installed prior to the effective
date of this code.

208.0

>F-

Fixture Branch - A water supply pipe between the
fixture supply pipe and the water distributing pipe.

Fixture Drain - The drain from the ti-ap of a fixture to
the junction of that drain with any other drain pipe.

Fixture Supply - A water supply pipe connecting
the fixture with the fixture branch.

Fixture Unit - A quantity in terms of which the load-
producing effects on the plumbing system of
different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed on
some arbitrarily chosen scale.

Flammable Vapor or Fumes is the concentration of
flammable constituents in air that exceeds 25 percent
of its lower flammability limit (LFL).

Flood Hazard Area - The greater of the following
two areas:

1. The area within a floodplain subject to a 1
percent or greater chance of flooding in any
given year.

2. The area designated as a flood hazard area
on a community's flood hazard map, or
otherwise legally designated.

Flood Hazard Area Subject to High Velocity Wave
Action - Area within the flood hazard area that is
subject to high velocity wave action, and shown on a
Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood hazard map
as Zone V, VO, VE or Vl-30.

Flood Level - See Flooded.

Flood-Level Rim - The top edge of a receptor from
which water overflows.

Flooded - A fixture is flooded when the liquid
therein rises to the flood-level rim.

TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA

13

208.0-211.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Flush Tank - A tank located above or integral with
water closets, urinals, or similar fixtures for the
purpose of flushing the usable portion of the fixture.

Flush Valve - A valve located at the bottom of a
tank for the purpose of flushing water closets and
similar fixtures.

Flushometer Tank - A tank integrated within an air
accumulator vessel that is designed to discharge a
predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for
flushing purposes.

Flushometer Valve - A valve that discharges a
predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for
flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water
pressure.

FOG Disposal System - A grease interceptor that
reduces nonpetroleum fats, oils, and grease (FOG) in
effluent by separation, and mass and volume
reduction.

209.0 - G -

Gang or Group Shower - Two or more showers in a
common area.

Grade - The slope or fall of a line of pipe in reference
to a horizontal plane. In drainage, it is usually
expressed as the fall in a fraction of an inch (mm) or
percentage slope per foot (meter) length of pipe.

Gravity Grease Interceptor - A plumbing
appurtenance or appUance that is installed in a sanitary
drainage system to intercept nonpetroleum fats, oils,
and greases (FOG) from a wastewater discharge and is
identified by volume, 30-minute retention time,
baffle(s), a minimum of two compartments, a
minimum total volume of 300 gallons, and gravity
separation. [These interceptors comply with the
requirements of Chapter 10 or are designed by a
registered professional engineer.] Gravity grease
interceptors are generally installed outside.

Grease Interceptor - A plumbing appurtenance or
appliance that is installed in a sanitary drainage
system to intercept nonpertroleuni fats, oil, and
greases (FOG) from a wastewater discharge.

Grease Removal Device (GRD) - Any hydro-
mechanical grease interceptor that automatically,
mechanically removes non-petroleum fats, oils and
grease (FOG) from the interceptor, the control of
which are either automatic or manually initiated.

Grease Trap - A device designed to retain grease from
one (1) to a maximum of four (4) fixtures. This term has
been used in previous editions of this code. Refer to
Hydromechanical Grease Interceptor and Gravity
Grease Interceptor, GRD, and FOG disposal system.

210.0

-H

Hangers - See Supports.

High Hazard - See Contamination.

Horizontal Branch - A drain pipe extending
laterally from a soil or waste stack or building drain
with or without vertical sections or branches, which
receives the discharge from one or more fixture
drains and conducts it to the soil or waste stack or to
the building drain.

Horizontal Pipe - Any pipe or fitting that is installed
in a horizontal position or which makes an angle of
less than forty-five (45) degrees with the horizontal.

Hot Water - Water at a temperature greater than or I
equal to 120T (49°C). I

House Drain - See Building Drain.

House Sewer - See Building Sewer.

Hydromechanical Grease Interceptor - A

plumbing appurtenance or appliance that is installed
in a sanitary drainage system to intercept
nonpetroleum fats, oil, and grease (FOG) from a
wastewater discharge and is identified by flow rate,
and separation and retention efficiency. The design
incorporates air entrainment, hydromechanical
separation, interior baffling, and /or barriers in
combination or separately, and one of the following:

A - External flow control, with air intake (vent):
directly connected

B - External flow control, without air intake
(vent): directly connected

C - Without external flow control, directly
connected

D - Without external flow control, indirectly
connected

[These interceptors comply with the requirements of
Table 10-2.] Hydromechanical grease interceptors
are generally installed inside.

211.0

-I-

Indirect Waste Pipe - A pipe that does not connect
directly with the drainage system but conveys liquid
wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture,
interceptor, or receptacle that is directly connected to
the drainage system.

Individual Vent - A pipe installed to vent a fixture
trap and that connects with the vent system above
the fixture served or terminates in the open air.

industrial Waste - Any and all liquid or water-
borne waste from industrial or commercial
processes, except domestic sewage.

Insanitary - A condition that is contrary to sanitary
principles or is injurious to health.

14

DEFINITIONS

211.0-215.0

Conditions to which "insanitary" shall apply
include the following:

(1) Any trap that does not maintain a proper
trap seal.

(2) Any opening in a drainage system, except
where lawful, that is not provided with an
approved water-sealed trap.

(3) Any plumbing fixture or other waste-
discharging receptor or device that is not
supplied with water sufficient to flush and
maintain the fixture or receptor in a clean
condition.

(4) Any defective fixture, trap, pipe, or fittiag.

(5) Any trap, except where in this code
exempted, directly cormected to a drainage
system, the seal of which is not protected
against siphonage and back-pressure by a
vent pipe.

(6) Any connection, cross-connection, construction,
or condition, temporary or permanent, that
would permit or make possible by any means
whatsoever for any imapproved foreign
matter to enter a water distribution system
used for domestic purposes.

(7) The foregoing enumeration of conditions to
which the term "insanitary" shall apply
shall not preclude the application of that
term to conditions that are, in fact, insanitary.

Interceptor (Clarifier) - A device designed and
installed so as to separate and retain deleterious,
hazardous, or undesirable matter from normal
wastes and permit normal sewage or liquid wastes to
discharge into the disposal terminal by gravity.

Invert -The lowest portion of the inside of a
horizontal pipe.

212.0 -J-

Joint, Brazed - Any joint obtained by joining of
metal parts with alloys that melt at temperatures
higher than 840°F (449°C), but lower than the
melting temperature of the parts to be joined.

Joint, Soldered - A joint obtained by the joining of
metal parts with metallic mixtures or alloys that melt at
a temperature up to and including 840°F (449°C).

214.0

-L-

213.0

No definitions

K-

Labeled - Equipment or materials bearing a label of
a listing agency (accredited conformity assessment
body). See Listed (third-party certified).

Lavatories in Sets - Two (2) or three (3) lavatories
that are served by one (1) trap.

Leader - An exterior vertical drainage pipe for
conveying storm water from roof or gutter drains.
See Downspout.

Liquid Waste - The discharge from any fixture,
appliance, or appurtenance in cormection with a
plumbing system that does not receive fecal matter.

Listed (Third-party certified) - Equipment or
materials included in a list published by a listing
agency (accredited conformity assessment body) that
maintains periodic inspection on current production
of listed equipment or materials and whose listing
states either that the equipment or material complies
with approved standards or has been tested and
found suitable for use in a specified manner.

Listing Agency - An agency accredited by an
independent and authoritative conformity
assessment body to operate a material and product
listing and labeling (certification) system and that is
accepted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction,
which is in the business of listing or labeling. The
system includes initial and ongoing product testing,
a periodic inspection on current production of listed
(certified) products, and makes available a published
report of such listing in which specific information is
included that the material or product conforms to
applicable standards and found safe for use in a
specific manner.

Lot - A single or individual parcel or area of land
legally recorded or validated by other means
acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction on
which is situated a building or which is the site of
any work regulated by this code, together with the
yards, courts, and unoccupied spaces legally
required for the building or works, and that is
owned by or is in the lawful possession of the owner
of the building or works.

Low Hazard - See Pollution.

215.0 -M-

Macerating Toilet System - A system comprised of
a sump with macerating pump and with connections
for a water closet and other plumbing fixtures, which
is designed to accept, grind, and pump wastes to an
approved point of discharge.

IWain - The principal artery of any system of continuous
piping to which branches maybe coraiected.

15

215.0-218.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Main Sewer - See Public Sewer.

Main Vent - The principal artery of the venting
system to which vent branches may be connected.

May - A permissive term.

Mobile Home Park Sewer - That part of the
horizontal piping of a drainage system that begins
two (2) feet (610 mm) downstream from the last
mobile home site and conveys it to a public sewer,
private sewer, private sewage disposal system, or
other point of disposal.

216.0 -N-

Nuisance - Includes, but is not limited to:

(1) Any public nuisance known at cormnon law
or in equity jurisprudence.

(2) Whenever any work regulated by this code
is dangerous to human life or is detrimental to
health and property.

(3) Inadequate or unsafe water supply or
sewage disposal system.

217.0 -O-

Offset - A conibination of elbows or bends in a line
of piping that brings one section of the pipe out of
line but into a line parallel with the other section.

Oil Interceptor - See Interceptor.

218.0

-P-

PB - Polybutylene.

PE - Polyethylene.

PE-AL-PE - Polyethylene-aluminum-polyethylene.

PEX - Cross-linked polyethylene.

PEX-AL-PEX - Cross-linked polyethylene —
aluininum-cross-linked polyethylene.

Person - A natural person, his heirs, executor,
administrators, or assigns and shall also include a
firm, corporation, municipal or quasi-municipal
corporation, or governmental agency. Singular
includes plural, male includes fen\ale.

Pipe - A cylindrical conduit or conductor
conforming to the particular dimensions commonly
known as "pipe size."

Plumbing - The business, trade, or work having to
do with the installation, removal, alteration, or repair
of plumbing systems or parts thereof.

Plumbing Appliance - Any one of a special class of
devices or equipment that is intended to perform a
special plumbing function. Its operation and /or

control may be dependent upon one or more
energized components, such as motors, controls,
heating elements, or pressure- or temperature-
sensing elements. Such device or equipment may
operate automatically through one or more of the
following actions: a time cycle, a temperature range,
a pressure range, a measured volume or weight; or
the device or equipment may be manually adjusted
or controlled by the user or operator.

Plumbing Appurtenance - A manufactured device,
a prefabricated assembly, or an on-the-job assembly
of component parts that is an adjunct to the basic
piping system and plumbing fixtures. An
appurtenance demands no additional water supply,
nor does it add any discharge load to a fixture or the
drainage system. It performs some useful function in
the operation, maintenance, servicing, economy, or
safety of the plumbing system.

Plumbing Fixture - An approved-type installed
receptacle, device, or appliance that is supplied with
water or that receives liquid or liquid-borne wastes
and discharges such wastes into the drainage system
to which it may be directly or indirectly connected.
Industrial or commercial tanks, vats, and similar
processing equipment are not plumbing fixtures, but
may be connected to or discharged into approved
traps or plumbing fixtures when and as otherwise
provided for elsewhere in this code.

Plumbing Official - See Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

Plumbing System - Includes all potable water,
building supply, and distribution pipes; all
plumbing fixtures and traps; all drainage and vent
pipes; and all building drains and building sewers,
including their respective joints and connections,
devices, receptors, and appurtenances within the
property lines of the premises and shall include
potable water piping, potable water treating or using
equipment, medical gas and medical vacuum
systems, liquid and fuel gas piping, and water
heaters and vents for same.

Pollution - An impairment of the quality of the
potable water to a degree that does not create a
hazard to the public health but which does adversely
and unreasonably affect the aesthetic qualities of
such potable water for domestic use. Also defined as
Low Hazard.

Potable Water - Water that is satisfactory for
drinking, culinary, and domestic purposes and that
meets the requirements of the Health Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

PP - Polypropylene.

16

DEFINITIONS

218.0-221.0

Pressure - The normal force exerted by a
homoger\eous liquid or gas, per unit of area, on the
wall of the container.

(1) Static Pressure - The pressure existing
without any flow.

(2) Residual Pressure - The pressure available
at the fixture or water outlet after allowance is
made for pressure drop due to friction loss,
head, meter, and other losses in the system
during maximum demand periods.

Pressure-Balancing Valve - A mixing valve that
senses incoming hot and cold water pressures and
compensates for fluctuations in either to stabilize
outlet temperature.

Private or Private Use - Applies to plumbing
fixtures in residences and apartments, to private
bathrooms in hotels and hospitals, and to restrooms
in commercial establishments where the fixtures are
intended for the use of a family or an individual.

Private Sewage Disposal System - A septic tank
with the effluent discharging into a subsurface
disposal field, into one or more seepage pits, or into
a combination of subsurface disposal field and
seepage pit or of such other facilities as may be
permitted under the procedures set forth elsewhere
in this code.

Private Sewer - A building sewer that receives the
discharge from more than one (1) building drain and
conveys it to a public sewer, private sewage disposal
system, or other point of disposal.

Public or Public Use - All buildings or structures
that are not defined as private or private use.

Public Sewer - A common sewer directly controlled
by public authority.

PVC - Poly(vinyl chloride).

I PVDF - Polyvinylidene Fluoride.

219.0 -Q-

No definitions.

220.0 - R -

Receptor - An approved plumbing fixture or device
of such material, shape, and capacity as to
adequately receive the discharge from indirect waste
pipes, so constructed and located as to be readily
cleaned.

Regulating Equipment - Includes all valves and
controls used in a plumbing system that are required
to be accessible or readily accessible.

Relief Vent - A vent, the primary function of which
is to provide circulation of air between drainage and
vent systems or to act as an auxiliary vent on a
specially designed system.

Remote Outlet - When used for sizing water piping,
it is the furthest outlet dimension, measuring from
the meter, either the developed length of the cold-
water piping or through the water heater to the
furthest outlet on the hot-water piping.

Rim - See Flood-Level Rim.

Riser - A water supply pipe that extends vertically
one (1) full story or more to convey water to
branches or fixtures.

Roof Drain - A drain installed to receive water
collecting on the surface of a roof and to discharge it
into a leader, downspout, or conductor.

Roughing-ln - The installation of all parts of the
plumbing system that can be completed prior to the
installation of fixtures. This includes drainage, water
supply, gas piping, vent piping, and the necessary
fixture supports.

221.0

-S-

Sand Interceptor - See Interceptor.

SDR - An abbreviation for "standard dimensional
ratio," which is the specific ratio of the average
specified outside diameter to the minimum wall
thickness for outside controlled diameter plastic pipe.

Seepage Pit - A lined excavation in the ground
which receives the discharge of a septic tank so
designed as to permit the effluent from the septic
tank to seep through its bottom and sides.

Septic Tank - A watertight receptacle that receives
the discharge of a drainage system or part thereof,
designed and constructed so as to retain solids,
digest organic matter through a period of detention,
and allow the liquids to discharge into the soil
outside of the tank through a system of open joint
piping or a seepage pit meeting the requirements of
this code.

Sewage - Any liquid waste containing animal or
vegetable matter in suspension or solution and that
may include liquids containing chen\icals in solution.

Sewage Ejector - A device for lifting sewage by
entraining it on a high-velocity jet stream, air, or
water.

Sewage Pump - A permanently installed
mechanical device, other than an ejector, for
removing sewage or liquid waste from a sump.

Shall - Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Shielded Coupling - An approved elastomeric
sealing gasket with an approved outer shield and a
tightening mechanism.

Shock Arrester - See Water Hammer Arrester.

17

221 .0 - 224.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Should - Indicates a recommendation or that which
is advised but not required.

Single-Family Dwelling - A building designed to be
used as a home by the owner of such building, which
shall be the only dwelling located on a parcel of
ground with the usual accessory buildings.

Size and Type of Tubing - See Diameter.

Slip Joint - An adjustable tubing connection,
consisting of a compression nut, a friction ring, and a
compression washer, designed to fit a threaded
adapter fitting or a standard taper pipe thread. .

Slope - See Grade.

Soil Pipe - Any pipe that conveys the discharge of
water closets, urinals, clinic sinks, or fixtures
having similar functions of collection and removal
of domestic sewage, with or without the discharge
from other fixtures, to the building drain or
building sewer.

Special Wastes - Wastes that require some special
method of handling, such as the use of indirect waste
piping and receptors, corrosion-resistant piping,
sand, oil or grease interceptors, condensers, or other
pretreatment facilities.

Stack - The vertical main of a system of soil,
waste, or vent piping extending through one or
more stories.

Stack Vent - The extension of a soil or waste stack
above the highest horizontal drain connected to
the stack.

Standard - A document, the main text of which
contains only mandatory provisions using the
word "shall" to indicate requirements and which is
in a form generally suitable for mandatory
reference by another standard or code or for
adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall
be located in an appendix, footnote, or fine print
note and are not to be considered a part of the
requirements of a standard.

Storm Drain - See Building Drain (Storm).

Storm Sewer - A sewer used for conveying
rainwater, surface water, condensate, cooling water,
or similar liquid wastes.

Subsoil Drain - A drain that collects subsurface or
seepage water and conveys it to a place of disposal.

Sump - An approved tank or pit that receives
sewage or liquid waste and which is located below
the normal grade of the gravity system and which
must be emptied by mechanical means.

Supports - Supports, hangers, and anchors are
devices for properly supporting and securing pipe,
fixtures, and equipment.

222.0 - T -

Tailpiece - The pipe or tubing that connects the
outlet of a plumbing fixture to a trap.

Thermostatic (Temperature Control) Valve - A

mixing valve that senses outlet temperature and
compensates for fluctuations in incoming hot or cold
water temperatures.

Trap - A fitting or device so designed and
constructed as to provide, when properly vented, a
liquid seal that will prevent the back passage of air
without materially affecting the flow of sewage or
wastewater through it.

Trap Arm - That portion of a fixture drain between a
trap and the vent.

Trap Primer - A device and system of piping that
maintains a water seal in a remote trap.

Trap Seal - The vertical distance between the crown
weir and the top dip of the trap.

Crown Weir (Trap Weir) -The lowest point in
the cross-section of the horizontal waterway at
the exit of the trap.

Top Dip (of trap) - The highest point in the
internal cross-section of the trap at the lowest
part of the bend (inverted siphon). By contrast,
the bottom dip is the lowest point in the internal
cross-section.

223.0 - U -

Unconfined Space - A room or space having a
volume equal to at least 50 cubic feet per 1,000 Btu/h
(1.4 m^/293 W) of the aggregate input rating of all
fuel-burning appliances installed in that space.
Rooms communicating directly with the space in
which the appliances are installed, through openings
not furnished with doors, are considered a part of
the unconfined space.

Unsanitary - See Insanitary.

224.0 - V -

Vacuum - Any pressure less than that exerted by the
atmosphere.

Vacuum Breaker - See Backflow Preventer.

Vacuum Relief Valve - A device that prevents
excessive vacuum in a pressure vessel.

Vent - Any pipe provided to ventilate a plumbing
system, to prevent trap siphonage and back-
pressure, or to equalize the air pressure within the
drainage system.

Vent Pipe - See Vent.

18

DEFINITIONS

224.0 - 228.0

Vent Stack - The vertical vent pipe installed
primarily for the purpose of providing circulation of
air to and from any part of the drainage system.

Vent System - A pipe or pipes installed to provide a
flow of air to or from a drainage system or to
provide a circulation of air within such system to
protect trap seals from siphonage and back-pressure.

Vented Flow Control Device - A device installed
upstream, from the hydromechanical grease
interceptor having an orifice that controls the rate of
flow through the interceptor, and an air intake (vent)
downstream from the orifice, which allows air to be
drawn into the flow stream.

Vertical Pipe - Any pipe or fitting that is installed in
a vertical position or that makes an angle of not more
than forty-five (45) degrees with the vertical.

225.0 - W -

Wall-Hung Water Closet - A water closet installed
in such a way that no part of the water closet touches
the floor.

Waste - See Liquid Waste and Industrial Waste.

Waste Pipe - A pipe that conveys only liquid waste,
free of fecal matter.

Water-Conditioning or Treating Device - A device
that conditions or treats a water supply so as to
change its chemical content or remove suspended
solids by filtration.

Water-Distributing Pipe - In a building or premises,
a pipe that conveys potable water from the building
supply pipe to the plumbing fixtures and other
water outlets.

Water Hammer Arrester - A device to absorb
hydraulic shock, either of the air chamber or
mechanical device design.

Water Main (Street Main) - A water supply pipe for
public or community use.

Water Supply System - The building supply pipe,
the water-distributing pipes, and the necessary
connecting pipes, fittings, control valves, backflow
prevention devices, and all appurtenances carrying
or supplying potable water in or adjacent to the
building or premises.

Welded Joint or Seam - Any joint or seam obtained
by the joining of metal parts in the plastic molten
state.

Welder, Pipe - A person who specializes in the
welding of pipes and holds a valid certificate of
competency from a recognized testing laboratory,
based on the requirements of the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessels code. Section IX.

Wet Vent - A vent that also serves as a drain.

Whirlpool Bathtub - A bathtub fixture equipped
and fitted with a circulating piping system designed
to accept, circulate, and discharge bathtub water
upon each use.

226.0

No definitions.

227.0

-X-

-Y-

Yoke Vent - A pipe connecting upward from a soil
or waste stack to a vent stack for the purpose of
preventing pressure changes in the stacks.

228.0

No definitions.

-Z-

19

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

20

CHAPTER 3

GENERAL REGULATIONS

301 .0 Materials - Standards and Alternates.

301.1 Minimum Standards.

301.1.1 Approvals. All pipe, pipe fittings,
traps, fixtures, material, and devices used in a
plumbing system shall be listed or labeled
(third-party certified) by a listing agency
(accredited conformity assessment body) and
shall conform to approved applicable recognized
standards referenced in this code, and shall be
free from defects. Unless otherwise provided for
in this code, all materials, fixtures, or devices
used or entering into the construction of
plumbing systems, or parts thereof, shall be
submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction
for approval.

301.1.2 Marking. Each length of pipe and each
pipe fitting, trap, fixture, material, and device
used in a plumbing system shall have cast,
stamped, or indelibly marked on it the
manufacturer's mark or name, which shall readily
identify the manufacturer to the end user of the
product when such marking is required by the
approved standard that applies. When required
by the approved standard that applies, the
product shall be marked with the weight and the
quality of the product. All materials and devices
used or entering into the coristruction of plumbing
and drainage systems, or parts thereof, shall be
marked and identified in a manner satisfactory to
the Authority Having Jurisdiction. All such
marking shall be done by the manufacturer. Field
marking shall not be acceptable.

301.1.3 Standards. Standards listed or referred
to in this chapter or other chapters cover
materials that will conform to the requirements
of this code, w^hen used in accordance with the
limitations imposed in this or other chapters
thereof and their listing. Where a standard
covers materials of various grades, weights,
quality, or configurations, there may be only a
portion of the listed standard that is applicable.
Design and materials for special conditions or
materials not provided for herein may be used
only by special permission of the Authority
Having Jurisdiction after the Authority Having
Jurisdiction has been satisfied as to their
adequacy. A list of accepted plumbing materials
standards is included in Table 14-1. All lAPMO
Installation Standards are included in Appendix
I for the convenience of the users of this code.

They are not considered as a part of this code
unless formally adopted as such by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

301.1.4 Existing Buildings. In existing buildings
or premises in which plumbing installations are
to be altered, repaired, or renovated, the
Authority Having Jurisdiction has discretionary
powers to permit deviation from the provisions
of this code, provided that such a proposal to
deviate is first submitted for proper determi-
nation in order that health and safety require-
ments, as they pertain to plumbing, shall be
observed.

301.2 Alternate Materials and Methods of
Construction Equivalency. Nothing in this code is
intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or
devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength,
fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety
over those prescribed by this code. Technical
documentation shall be submitted to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. The
Authority Having Jurisdiction shall approve the
system method or device when determined to be
equivalent or superior.

However, the exercise of this discretionary
approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall
have no effect beyond the jurisdictional boundaries
of said Authority Having Jurisdiction. Any alternate
material or method of construction so approved shall
not be considered as conforming to the requirements
and /or intent of this code for any purpose other than
that granted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction
when the submitted data does not prove equivalency.

301 .2.1 Testing. The Authority Having Jurisdic-
tion shall have the authority to require tests, as
proof of equivalency.

301.2.1.1 Tests shaU be made in accordance
with approved standards, by an approved
testing agency at the expense of the applicant.
In the absence of such standards, the
Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the
authority specify the test procedure.

301 .2.1 .2 The Authority Having Jurisdiction
shall have the authority to require tests to be
made or repeated if, at any time, there is
reason to believe that any material or device
no longer conforms to the requirements on
which its approval was based.

21

301.3-306.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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301 .3 Flood Hazard Resistance.

301.3.1 General. Plumbing systems shall be
located above the design flood elevation.

Exception: Plumbing systems are permitted
to be located below the design flood
elevation provided that the systems are
designed and installed to prevent water from
entering or accumulating within their
components and the systems are constructed
to resist hydrostatic and hydrodynamic
loads and stresses, including the effects of
buoyancy, during the occurrence of flooding
to the design flood elevation.

301 .3.2 Flood Hazard Areas Subject to High-
Velocity Wave Action. Plumbing systems in
buildings located in flood hazard areas subject to
high-velocity wave action shall meet the
requirements of Section 301.3.1, and the
plumbing systems, pipes, and fixtures shall not
be mounted on or penetrate through walls that
are intended to breakaway under flood loads as
required by the building code.

301 .4 Alternative Engineered Design.

301.4.1 Design Criteria. An alternative
engineered design shall conform to the intent of
the provisions of this code and shall provide an
equivalent level of quality, strength, effective-
ness, fire resistance, durability, and safety.
Material, equipment, or components shall be
designed and installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's installation instructions.

301.4.2 Permit Application. The registered
professional engineer shall indicate on the design
documents that the plumbing system, or parts
thereof, is an alternative engineered design so
that it is noted on the construction permit
application. The permit and permanent permit
records shall indicate that an alternative
engineered desigri was part of the approved
installation.

301.4.3 Technical Data. The registered
professional engineer shall submit sufficient
technical data to substantiate the proposed
alternative engineered design and to prove that
the performance meets the intent of this code.

301.4.4 Design Documents. The registered
professional engineer shall provide two (2)
complete sets of signed and sealed design
documents for the alternative engineered design
for submittal to the Authority Having Jurisdic-
tion. The design documents shall include floor
plans and a riser diagram of the work. Where
appropriate, the design documents shall indicate
the direction of flow, all pipe sizes, grade of

horizontal piping, loading, and location of
fixtures and appliances.

301.4.5 Design Approval. Where the Authority
Having Jurisdiction determines that the
alternative engineered design conforms to the
intent of this code, the plumbing system shall be
approved. If the alternative engineered design is
not approved, the Authority Having Jurisdiction
shall notify the registered professional engineer
in writing, stating the reasons therefore.

301 .4.6 Inspection and Testing. The alternative
engineered design shall be tested and inspected
in accordance with the submitted testing and
inspection plan and the requirements of this code.

302.0 Iron Pipe Size (IPS) Pipe.

Iron, steel, brass, and copper pipe shall be standard-
weight iron pipe size (IPS) pipe.

303.0 Disposal of Liquid Waste.

It shall be unlawful for any person to cause, suffer, or
permit the disposal of sewage, human excrement, or
other liquid wastes, in any place or manner, except
through and by means of an approved drainage
system, installed and maintained in accordance with
the provisions of this code.

304.0 Connections to Plumbing System Required.

All plumbing fixtures, drains, appurtenances, and
appliances, used to receive or discharge liquid wastes
or sewage, shall be connected properly to the drainage
system of the building or premises, in accordance
with the requirements of this code.

305.0 Sewers Required.

305.1 Every building in which plumbing fixtures are
installed shall have a connection to a public or private
sewer except as provided in Section 305.2.

305.2 When a public sewer is not available for use,
drainage piping from buildings and premises shall
be connected to an approved private sewage
disposal system.

305.3 In cities and /or counties where the installation
of building sewers is under the jurisdiction of a
department other than the Authority Having Jurisdic-
tion, the provisions of this code relating to building
sewers need not apply.

306.0 Damage to Drainage System or Public Sewer.

306.1 It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit,
by any means whatsoever, into any plumbing fixture,
floor drain, interceptor, sump, receptor, or device.

22

GENERAL REGULATIONS

306.1 -312.0

which is connected to any drainage system, public
sewer, private sewer, septic tank, or cesspool, any
ashes; cinders; solids; rags; inflammable, poisonous,
or explosive liquids or gases; oils; grease; or any
other thing whatsoever that would, or could, cause
damage to the drainage system or public sewer.

306.2 Roofs, inner courts, vent shafts, light wells, or
similar areas having rainwater drain, shall discharge
to the outside of the building or to the gutter and
shall not be connected to the sanitary drainage
system unless first approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

307.0 Industrial Wastes.

307.1 Wastes detrimental to the public sewer system
or detrimental to the functioning of the sewage
treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of as
found necessary and directed by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

307.2 Sewage or other waste from a plumbing
system that may be deleterious to surface or
subsurface waters shall not be discharged into the
ground or into any waterway unless it has first been
rendered safe by some acceptable form of treatment
as required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

308.0 Location.

308.1 Except as otherwise provided in this code, no
plumbing system, drainage system, building sewer,
private sewage disposal system, or parts thereof
shall be located in any lot other than the lot that is
the site of the building, structure, or premises served
by such facilities.

308.2 No subdivision, sale, or transfer of ownership
of existing property shall be made in such manner
that the area, clearance, and access requirements of
this code are decreased.

309.0 Improper Location.

Piping, fixtures, or equipment shall not be so located
as to interfere with the normal use thereof or with
the normal operation and use of windows, doors, or
other required facilities.

310.0 Workmanship.

310.1 All design, construction, and workmanship
shall be in conformity with accepted engineering
practices and shall be of such character as to secure
the results sought to be obtained by this code.

31 0.2 It is unlawful to conceal cracks, holes, or other
imperfections in materials by welding, brazing, or
soldering or by using therein or thereon any paint,
wax, tar, or other leak-sealing or repair agent.

310.3 Burred ends of all pipe and tubing shall be
reamed to the full bore of the pipe or tube, and all
chips shall be removed.

310.4 Installation Practices. Plumbing systems
shall be installed in a manner conforming to this
code, applicable standards, and the manufacturer's
installation instructions. In instances where the code,
applicable standards, or the manufacturer's
instructions conflict, the more stringent provisions
shall prevail.

31 1 .0 Prohibited Fittings and Practices.

311.1 No double hub fitting, single or double tee
branch, single or double tapped tee branch, side inlet
quarter bend, running thread, band, or saddle shall
be used as a drainage fitting, except that a double
hub sanitary tapped tee may be used on a vertical
line as a fixture connection.

311.2 No drainage or vent piping shall be drilled
and tapped for the purpose of making connections
thereto, and no cast-iron soil pipe shall be threaded.

31 1 .3 No waste connection shall be made to a closet
bend or stub of a water closet or similar fixture.

31 1 .4 Except as hereinafter provided in Sections 908.0,
909.0, and 910.0, no vent pipe shaU be used as a soil or
waste pipe, nor shall any soil or waste pipe be used as
a vent. Also, single-stack drainage and venting
systems with unvented branch lines are prohibited.

31 1 .5 No fitting, fixture and piping connection,
appliance, device, or method of installation that
obstructs or retards the flow of water, wastes,
sewage, or air in the drainage or venting systems, in
an amount greater than the normal frictional
resistance to flow, shall be used unless it is indicated
as acceptable in this code or is approved per Section
301.1 of this code. The enlargement of a three (3) inch
(80 mm) closet bend or stub to four (4) inches (100 I
mm) shall not be considered an obstruction. |

311.6 Except for necessary valves, where inter-
membering or mixing of dissimilar metals occurs,
the point of connection shall be confined to exposed
or accessible locations.

31 1 .7 All valves, pipes, and fittings shall be installed
in correct relationship to the direction of flow.

311.8 Screwed Fittings. Screwed fittings shall be
ABS, cast iron, copper, copper alloy, malleable iron,
PVC, steel, or other approved materials. Threads
shall be tapped out of solid metal or molded in soUd
ABS or PVC.

312.0 Independent Systems.

The drainage system of each new building and of new
work installed in any existing building shall be
separate and independent from that of any other

23

312.0-313.12

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

building, and, when available, every building shall
have an independent connection with a public or
private sewer.

Exception: Where one building stands in the
rear of another building on an interior lot, and
no private sewer is available or can be
constructed to the rear building through an
adjoining court, yard, or driveway, the building
drain from the front building may be extended
to the rear building.

313.0 Protection of Piping, Materials, and Structures.

313.1 All piping passing under or through walls
shall be protected from breakage. All piping passing
through or under cinders or other corrosive
materials shall be protected from external corrosion
in an approved manner. Approved provisions shall
be made for expansion of hot water piping. Voids
around piping passing through concrete floors on
the ground shall be appropriately sealed.

313.2 All piping in connection with a plumbing
system shall be so installed that piping or
connections will not be subject to undue strains or
stresses, and provisions shall be made for expansion,
contraction, and structural settlement. No plumbing
piping shall be directly embedded in concrete or
masonry. No structural member shall be seriously
weakened or impaired by cutting, notching, or
otherwise, as defined in the Building Code.

313.3 All trenches deeper than the footing of any
building or structure and paralleling the same shall be
at least forty-five (45) degrees (0.79 rad) therefrom, or

I as approved per Section 301.1 of this code.

31 3.4 No building sewer or other drainage piping or
part thereof, constructed of materials other than
those approved for use imder or within a building,
shall be installed under or w^ithin two (2) feet (610
mni) of any building or structure, or less than one (1)
foot (305 mm) below the surface of the ground.

313.5 Piping subject to corrosion, erosion, or
mechanical damage shall be protected in an
approved manner.

313.6 No water, soil, or waste pipe shall be installed
or permitted outside of a building or in an exterior
wall unless, where necessary, adequate provision is
made to protect such pipe from freezing.

313.7 All piping penetrations of fire-resistance-rated
walls, partitions, floors, floor /ceiling assemblies,
roof/ceiling assemblies, or shaft enclosures shall be
protected in accordance with the requirements of the
Building Code, lAPMO Installation Standards, and
Chapter 15, "Firestop Protection."

313.8 Waterproofing of Openings. Joints at the roof
around pipes, ducts, or other appurtenances shall be
made watertight by the use of lead, copper,
galvanized iron, or other approved flashings or
flashing material. Exterior wall openings shall be
made watertight. Counterflashing shall not restrict
the required internal cross-sectional area of the vent.

313.9 Plastic and copper piping penetrating a |
framing members to within one (1) inch (25.4 mm) of
the exposed framing shall be protected by steel nail
plates not less than 0.0478 inches (18 gauge) (1.3mm)
in thickness. The steel nail plate shall extend along
the framing member a minimurri of 1-1/2 inches
beyond the outside diameter of the pipe or tubing.

Exception: See Section 1211.3.4.

313.10 Sleeves.

313.10.1 Sleeves shall be provided to protect all
piping through concrete and masonry walls and
concrete floors.

Exception: Sleeves shall not be required where
openings are drilled or bored.

313.10.2 Piping through concrete or masonry
walls shall not be subject to any load from
building construction.

313.10.3 In exterior waUs, annular space between
sleeves and pipes shall be sealed and made
watertight, as approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. Any penetration through fire-
resistive construction shall be in accordance with
Section 313.7.

313.10.4 Any pipe sleeve through a firewall shall
have the space around the pipe completely
sealed with an approved fire-resistive material
in accordance with all other codes.

31 3.11 Any structural member weakened or
unpaired by cutting, notching, or otherwise shall be
reinforced, repaired, or replaced so as to be left in a
safe structural condition in accordance with the
requirements of the Building Code.

313.12 Ratproofing.

31 3.1 2.1 Strainer plates on drain inlets shall be
designed and installed so that no opening is
greater than one-half (1/2) inch (12.7 mm) in the
least dimension.

313.12.2 Meter boxes shall be constructed in
such a manner that rats cannot enter a building
by following the service pipes from the box into
the building.

313.12.3 In or on buildings where openings
have been made in walls, floors, or ceilings for
the passage of pipes, such openings shall be
closed and protected by the installation of
approved metal collars securely fastened to the
adjoining structure.

24

GENERAL REGULATIONS

313.12-316.1

313.12.4 Tub waste openings in framed
construction to crawl spaces at or below the first
floor shall be protected by the installation of
approved metal collars or metal screen securely
fastened to the adjoining structure with no
opening greater than one-half (1/2) inch
(12.7mm) in the least dimension.

314.0 Hangers and Supports.

314.1 Suspended piping shall be supported at
intervals not to exceed those shown in Table 3-2.

314.2 All piping shall be supported in such a
manner as to maintain its alignment and prevent
sagging.

314.3 Piping in the ground shall be laid on a firm
bed for its entire length; where other support is
otherwise provided, it shall be approved per Section
301.0 of this code.

314.4 Hangers and anchors shall be of sufficient
strength to support the weight of the pipe and its
contents. Piping shall be isolated from incompatible
materials.

314.5 All piping, fixtures, appliances, and
appurtenances shall be adequately supported in
accordance with this code, the manufacturer's
installation instructions, and as required by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

314.6 Hanger rod sizes shall be no smaller than
those shown in Table 3-1.

314.7 All gas piping shall be supported by metal
straps or hooks at intervals not to exceed those
shown in Table 3-2.

TABLE 3-1
Hanger Rod Sizes

Pipe and Tube Size

Rod Size

inches

mm

Inches

mm

1/2-4

12.7-102

3/8

9.5

5-8

127-203

1/2

12.7

10-12

254-305

5/8

15.9

315.0 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill.

315.1 All trenches deeper than the footing of any
building or structure and paralleling the same shall
be at least forty-five (45) degrees (0.79 rad) therefrom,

I or as approved per Section 301.0 of this code.

31 5.2 Turmeling and driving may be done in yards,
courts, or driveways of any building site. Where

sufficient depth is available to permit, tunnels may
be used between open-cut trenches. Tunnels shall
have a clear height of two (2) feet (610 mm) above
the pipe and shall be limited in length to one-half
(1/2) the depth of the trench, with a maximum
length of eight (8) feet (2438 mm). When pipes are
driven, the drive pipe shall be at least one (1) size
larger than the pipe to be laid.

315.3 Open Trenches. All excavations required to
be made for the installation of a building drainage
system or any part thereof, within the walls of a
building, shall be open trench work and shall be
kept open until the piping has been inspected,
tested, and accepted.

31 5.4 All excavations shall be completely backfilled
as soon after inspection as practicable. Adequate
precaution shall be taken to ensure proper
compactness of backfill around piping without
damage to such piping. Trenches shall be backfilled
in thin layers to twelve (12) inches (305 mm) above
the top of the piping with clean earth, which shall
not contain stones, boulders, cinderfill, frozen earth,
construction debris, or other materials that would
damage or break the piping or cause corrosive
action. Mechanical devices such as bulldozers,
graders, etc., may then be used to complete backfill
to grade. Fill shall be properly compacted. Suitable
precautions shall be taken to ensure permanent
stability for pipe laid in filled or made ground.

316.0 Joints and Connections.

316.1 Types of Joints.

316.1.1 Threaded Joints. Threads on iron pipe
size (IPS) pipe and fittings shall be standard
taper pipe threads in accordance with standards
listed in Table 14-1. Threads on tubing shall be
approved types. Threads on plastic pipe shall be
factory cut or molded. Threaded plastic pipe
shall be Schedule 80 minimum wall thickness.
Tubing threads shall conform to fine tubing
thread standards. When a pipe joint material is
used, it shall be applied only on male threads,
and such materials shall be approved types,
insoluble in water and nontoxic. Cleanout plugs
and caps shall be lubricated with water-
insoluble, nonhardening material or tape.
Thread tape or thread lubricants and sealants
specifically intended for use with plastics shall
be used on plastic threads. Conventional pipe
thread compounds, putty, linseed-oil-based
products, and unknown lubricants and sealants
shall not be used on plastic threads.

316.1.2 Wiped Joints. Joints in lead pipe or
fittings or between lead pipe or fittings and brass
or copper pipe, ferrules, solder rupples, or traps

25

316.1 -316.3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

shall be full-wiped joints. Wiped joints shall
have an exposed surface on each side of a joint
not less than three-fourths (3/4) inch (19.1 mm.)
and at least as thick as the material being joined.
Wall or floor flange lead-wiped joints shall be
made by using a lead ring or flange placed
behind the joint at the wall or floor. Joints
between lead pipe and cast iron, steel, or
wrought iron shall be made by means of a
caulking ferrule or soldering nipple.

316.1.3 Soldered Joints. Joints in copper
tubing shall be made by the appropriate use of
approved copper or copper alloy fittings.
Surfaces to be joined by soldering shall be
cleaned bright by manual or mechanical means.
The joints shall be properly fluxed with an
approved-type flux and made up with approved
solder. All solder and fluxes shall be
manufactured to approved standards. Solders
and fluxes with a lead content that exceeds two-
tenths (0.20) of one (1) percent shall be
prohibited in piping systems used to convey
potable water.

316.1.4 Flared Joints. Flared joints for soft
copper tubing shall be made with fittings
meeting approved standards. The tubing shall
be reamed to the full inside diameter, resized to
round, and expanded with a proper flaring tool.

316.1.5 Flexible Compression Factory-
Fabricated Joints. When pipe is joined by
means of flexible compression joints, such
joints shall conform to approved standards
and shall not be considered as slip joints.

316.1.6 Solvent Cement Plastic Pipe Joints.

Plastic pipe and fittings designed to be joined by
solvent cementing shall comply with appropriate
lAPMO Installation Standards.

ABS pipe and fittings shall be cleaned and
then joined with solvent cement(s).

CPVC pipe and fittings shall be cleaned and
then joined with listed primer(s) and solvent
cement(s).

Exception: Listed solvent cements that do not
require the use of primer shall be permitted
for use with CPVC pipe and fittings,
manufactured in accordance with ASTM
D2846, 1/2 inch through 2 inches in diameter.

PVC pipe and fittings shall be cleaned and
joined with primer(s) and solvent cement(s).

A solvent cement transition joint between
ABS and PVC building drain or building sewer
shall be made using a listed transition solvent
cement.

316.1.7 Brazing and Welding. Brazing and
welding shall conform to the applicable
standard(s) in Table 14-1. Only brazing alloys
having a liquid temperature above 1,000°F shall
be used. All brazing on medical gas systems
shall be performed by certified installers
meeting the requirements of ANSI/ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, Welding
and Brazing Qualifications, or AWS B2.2,
Standard for Brazing Procedure and Perfor-
mance Qualifications.

316.1.8 Pressure-Lock-Type Connection. Tliis
is a mechanical connection that depends on an
internal retention device to prevent pipe or
tubing separation. Connection is made by
inserting the pipe or tubing into the fitting to a
prescribed depth.

316.1.9 Pressed Fitting. This is a mechanical
connection for joining copper tubing that uses a
crimping tool to affix the O-ring seal copper or
copper alloy fitting to the tubing. The tubing
shall be inserted into the fitting, and the crimp
shall be made using the tool recommended by
the manufacturer.

316.2 Special Joints.

316.2.1 Copper Tubing to Screw Pipe Joints.

Joints from copper tubing to threaded pipe shall be
made by tlie use of brass adapter fittings. The joint
between the copper tubing and the fitting shall be
a soldered brazed flared, or pressed joint and the
connection between the threaded pipe and the
fitting shall be made with a standard pipe size
screw joint. Solder shall conform to the require-
ments of Section 316.1.3. Brazed joints shall conform
to the requirements of Section 316.1.7. Flared joints
shall conform to the requirements of Section 316.1.4.
Pressed joints shaU conform to tlie requirements of
316.1.9.

316.2.2 Unions. Approved unions may be used
in drainage piping when accessibly located in
the trap seal or between a fixture and its trap in
the vent system, except underground or in wet
vents, at any point in the water supply system,
and in gas piping as permitted by Section
1211.3.2(4).

316.2.3 Plastic Pipe to Other Materials. When
connecting plastic pipe to other types of piping,
only approved types of fittings and adapters
designed for the specific transition intended
shall be used.

316.3 Flanged Fixture Connections.

316.3.1 Fixture connections between drainage
pipes and water closets, floor outlet service sinks
and urinals shall be made by means of approved
brass, hard lead, ABS, PVC, or iron flanges

26

GENERAL REGULATIONS

316.3-320.0

caulked, soldered, solvent cemented; rubber
compression gaskets; or screwed to the drainage
pipe. The connection shall be bolted with an
approved gasket, washer, or setting compound
between the fixture and the connection. The bottom
of the flange shall be set on an approved firm base.

31 6.3.2 Closet bends or stubs shall be cut off so as
to present a smooth surface even with the top of
the closet ring before rough inspection is called.

316.3.3 Wall-mounted water closet fixtures shall
be securely bolted to an approved carrier fitting.
The cormecting pipe between the carrier fitting
and the fixture shall be an approved material
and designed to accommodate an adequately
sized gasket. Gasket material shall be neoprene,
felt, or similar approved types.

316.4 Prohibited Joints and Connections.

316.4.1 Drainage System. Any fitting or
connection that has an enlargement, chamber,
or recess with a ledge, shoulder, or reduction of
pipe area that offers an obstruction to flow
through the drain shall be prohibited.

316.4.2 No fitting or connection that offers
abnormal obstruction to flow shall be used. The
enlargement of a three (3) inch (80 mm) closet
bend or stub to four (4) inches (100 mm) shall
not be considered an obstruction.

317.0 increasers and Reducers.

Where different sizes of pipes and fittings are to be
connected, the proper size increasers or reducers or
reducing fittings shall be used between the two sizes.
Brass or cast-iron body cleaniouts shall not be used as
a reducer or adapter from cast-iron drainage pipe to
iron pipe size (IPS) pipe.

318.0 Food-Handling Establishments.

Food or drink shall not be stored, prepared, or
displayed beneath soil or drain pipes, unless those
areas are protected against leakage or condensation
from such pipes reaching the food or drink as
described below. Where building design requires
that soil or drain pipes be located over such areas,
the installation shall be made with the least possible
number of joints and shall be installed so as to
connect to the nearest adequately sized vertical stack
with the provisions as follows:

318.1 All openings through floors over such
areas shall be sealed watertight to the floor
construction.

318.2 Floor and shower drains installed above
such areas shall be equipped with integral
seepage pans.

318.3 All other soil or drain pipes shall be of an
approved material as listed in Table 14-1 and Section
701.0. All materials shall conform to established
standards. Cleanouts shall be extended through the
floor construction above.

318.4 Piping subject to operation at temperatures
that will form condensation on the exterior of the
pipe shall be thermally insulated.

318.5 Where pipes are installed in ceilings above
such areas, the ceiling shall be of the removable
type, or shall be provided with access panels in order
to form a ready access for inspection of piping.

319.0 Test Gauges. Tests required by this code,
which are performed utilizing dial gauges, shall be
limited to gauges having the following pressure
graduations or incrementations.

319.1 Required pressure tests of ten (10) psi (69 kPa)
or less shall be performed with gauges of 1/10
pound (0.7 kPa) incrementation or less.

319.2 Required pressure tests exceeding ten (10)
pounds (69 kPa) but less than one hundred (100)
psi (689 kPa) shall be performed with gauges of
one (1) psi (6.9 kPa) incrementation or less.

319.3 Required pressure tests exceeding one
himdred (100) psi (689 kPa) shall be performed with
gauges incremented for two (2) percent or less of the
required test pressure.

319.4 Test gauges shall have a pressure range not
greater than twice the test pressure applied.

320.0 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems. All such
piping shall be installed, tested, and verified in
compliance with the appropriate consensus
standards referenced in Chapter 14 and the
requirements of Chapter 13. The Authority Having
Jurisdiction shall require evidence of the competency
of the installers and verifiers.

27

Table 3-2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE 3-2
Hangers and Supports

Materials

Types of Joints

Horizontal

Vertical

Cast

Lead and Oakum

Compression Gasket

5 feet (1 ,524 mm), except may be
10 feet (3,048 mm) where 10 foot
lengths are installed '^^

Every other joint, unless over 4 feet
(1,219 mm), then support each joint

Base and each floor not to
exceed 15 feet (4,572 mm)

Base and each floor not to
exceed 1 5 feet (4,572 mm)

Cast-Iron Hubless

Shielded Coupling

Every other joint, unless over 4 feet
(1,219 mm), then support each joint '^^■''

Base and each floor not to
exceed 15 feet (4,572 mm)

Copper Tube and Pipe

Soldered or Brazed

1-1/2 inches (40 mm) and smaller, 6 feet
(1 ,829 mm), 2 inches (50 mm) and larger,
10 feet (3,048 mm)

Each floor, not to exceed
10 feet (3,048 mm)=

Steel and Brass Pipe for
Water or DWV

Threaded or Welded

3/4 inch (20 mm) and smaller, 1 feet
(3,048 mm), 1 inch (25 mm) and larger,
12 feet (3,658 mm)

Every other floor, not to
exceed 25 feet (7,620 mm)'

Steel, Brass, and Tinned Threaded or Welded
Copper Pipe for Gas

1/2 inch (15 mm), 6 feet (1829 mm),
3/4 inch (20 mm) and 1 inch (25.4 mm)
8 feet (2,438 mm, 1-1/4 inch (32 mm)
and larger, 10 feet (3,048 mm)

1/2 inch (12.7 mm), 6 feet
(1 ,829 mm), 3/4 inch (19 mm)
and 1 inch (25.4 mm), 8
feet (2,438 mm), 1-1/4
every floor level

Schedule 40 PVC and Solvent Cemented

ABS DWV

All sizes, 4 feet (1 ,219 mm). Allow for
expansion every 30 feet (9,144 mm).^*

Base and each floor. Provide
mid-story guides. Provide
for expansion every 30
feet (9,144 mm).»

CPVC

Solvent Cemented

1 inch (25 mm) and smaller, 3 feet
(914 mm), 1-1/4 inch (932 mm) and
larger, 4 feet (1 ,219 mm)

Base and each floor. Provide
mid-story guides. ^

Lead

Wiped or Burned

Continuous Support

Not to exceed 4 feet
(1,219 mm)

Copper

Mechanical

In accordance with standards acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction

Steel and Brass

Mechanical

In accordance with standards acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction

PEX

Metal Insert and
Metal Compression

32 inches (800 mm)

Base and each floor.
Provide mid-story guides.

PEX-AL-PEX

Metal Insert and
Metal Compression

1/2 inch (12 mm) 1 All sizes
3/4 inch (20 mm) > 98 inches
1 inch (25 mm) J (2,489 mm)

Base and each floor.
Provide mid-story guides.

PE-AL-PE

Metal Insert and
Metal Compression

1/2 inch (12 mm) 1 All sizes
3/4 inch (20 mm) J 98 inches
1 inch (25 mm) (2,489 mm)

Base and each floor.
Provide midstory guides.

Support adjacent to joint, not to exceed eighteen (18) Inches (457 mm).

Brace at not more than forty (40) foot (12,192 mm) inten/als to prevent horizontal movement.

Support at each horizontal branch connection.

Hangers shall not be placed on the coupling.

Vertical water lines may be supported in accordance with recognized engineering principles with regard to expansion and contraction, when first

approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

See the appropriate lAPMO Installation Standard for expansion and other special requirements.

28

CHAPTER 4

PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

401 .0 Materials - General Requirements.

401.1 Quality of Fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be
constructed of dense, durable, non-absorbent materials
and shall have smooth, impervious surfaces, free from
unnecessary concealed fouling surfaces. Except as
permitted elsewhere in this code, all fixtures shall
conform in quality and design to nationally recognized
applicable standards included in Table 14-1.

401.2 Lead. See Table 14-1. Sheet lead shall be not
less than the following:

For safe pans not less than four (4) pounds per square
foot (19.5 kg/m') or 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) thick.

401.3 Plumbing fixture fittings covered under the
scope of NSF 61 shall comply with the requirements of
NSF61.

402.0 Water-Conserving Fixtures and Fittings.

402.1 Flush volumes for low-consumption and
water-saver water closets and urinals shall be in
accordance with applicable standards referenced
in Table 14-1.

402.2 Water Closets. Water closets, either flush
tank, flushometer tank, or flushometer valve
operated, shall have an average consumption of
not more than 1.6 gallons (6.1 liters) of water per flush.

402.3 Urinals. Urinals shall have an average water
consumption of not more than 1.0 gallon (3.8 liters) of
water per flush.

402.4 Metered Faucets. Self-closing or self-closing
metering faucets shall be installed on lavatories
intended to serve the transient public, such as those in,
but not limited to, service stations, train stations,
airports, restaurants, and convention halls. Metered
faucets shall deliver not more than 0.25 gallons (1.0
liter) of water per use.

402.5 Emergency Safety Showers. Emergency
safety showers shall not be limited in their water
supply flow rates.

402.6 Installation. Water-conserving fixtures
shall be installed in strict accordance with the
manufacturers' instructions to maintain their
rated performance.

403.0 Overflows.

When any fixture is provided with an overflow, the
waste shall be so arranged that the standing water in
the fixture cannot rise in the overflow when the
stopper is closed or remain in the overflow when the

fixture is empty. The overflow pipe from a fixture
shall be cormected on the house or inlet side of the
fixture trap, except that overflow on flush tax\ks may
discharge into the water closets or urinals served by
them, but it shall be unlawful to connect such
overflows with any other part of the drainage system.

404.0 Strainers and Connections.

404.1 Strainers. All plumbing fixtures, other
than water closets and urinals, shall be equipped
with approved strainers having an approved
waterway area. Strainers serving shower drains
shall have a waterway equivalent to the area of
the tailpiece.

404.2 Connections. Fixtures having concealed
slip joint connections shall be provided with an
access panel or utility space at least twelve (12)
inches (305 mm) in its least dimension and so
arranged without obstructions as to make such
connections accessible for inspection and repair.

404.3 Continuous wastes and fixture tailpieces shall
be constructed from the materials specified in Section
701.0 for drainage piping, provided, however, that
such connections where exposed or accessible may be
of seamless drawn brass not less than No. 20 B&S
Gauge (0.032 inches) (0.8 mm). Each such tailpiece,
continuous waste, or waste and overflow shall not be
less than one and one-half (1-1/2) inches (40 mm) O.D.
for sinks, dishwashers, laundry tubs, bathtubs, urinals,
and similar fixtures, and not less than one and one
quarter (1-1 /4) inches (32 mm) for lavatories, drinking
fountains, and similar small fixtures.

404.4 Approved wye or other directional-type
branch fittings shall be installed in all continuous
wastes connecting or receiving the discharge from
food waste disposal units, dishwashers, clothes
washers, or other force discharge fixtures or
appliances. No dishwasher drain shall be connected to
a sink tailpiece, continuous waste, or trap on the
discharge side of a food waste disposal unit.

405.0 Prohibited Fixtures.

405.1 Water closets having an invisible seal or an
unventilated space or having walls which are not
thoroughly washed at each discharge shall be
prohibited. Any water closet that might permit
siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the
tank shall be prohibited. Drinking fountains shall not
be installed in public toilet rooms.

29

405.2 - 408.2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

405.2 Prohibited Urinals. Floor-type and wall-hung
type trough urinals shall be prohibited. Urinals that have
an invisible seal or that have an unventilated space or
wall that is not thoroughly washed at each discharge
shall be prohibited.

405.3 Fixed wooden, or tile wash trays or sinks for
domestic use shall not be installed in any building
designed or used for human habitation. No sheet
metal-lined wooden bathtub shall be installed or
reconnected. No dry or chemical closet (toilet) shall be
installed in any building used for human habitation,
unless first approved by the Health Officer.

406.0 Special Fixtures and Specialties.

406.1 Water and Waste Connections. Baptisteries,
ornamental and lily ponds, aquaria, ornamental
fountain basins, and similar fixtures and specialties
requiring water and /or waste connections shall be
submitted for approval to the Authority Having
Jurisdiction prior to installation.

406.2 Restaurant kitchen and other special use sinks
may be made of approved-type bonderized and
galvanized sheet steel of not less than No. 16 U.S.
gauge (0.0625 inches) (1.6 mm). All sheet-metal
plumbing fixtures shall be adequately designed,
constructed, and braced in an Approved manner to
satisfactorily accomplish their intended purpose.

406.3 Special Use Fixtures. Special use fixtures
shall be made of one of the following:

(A) Soapstone

(B) Chemical stoneware

(C) Copper-based alloy

(D) Nickel-based alloy

(E) Corrosion-resistant steel

(F) Other materials suited for the intended use of the
fixture.

406.4 Zinc Alloy Components. Zinc alloy com-
ponents shall meet the applicable nationally
recognized standards and shall be used in accordance
with their listing.

designed, by screws or bolts of copper, brass, or other
equally corrosion-resistant material.

407.4 Wall-Hung Fixtures. Wall-hung fixtures shall
be rigidly supported by metal supporting members so
that no strain is transmitted to the connections. Flush
tanks and similar appurtenances shall be secured by
approved non-corrosive screws or bolts.

407.5 Securing Floor-Mounted, Back-Outlet Water
Closet Bowls. Floor-mounted, back-outlet water
closet bowls shall be set level with an angle of runety
(90) degrees (1.58 rad) between the floor and wall at
the centerline of the fixture outlet. The floor and wall
shall have a flat mounting surface for at least five (5)
inches (127 mm) to the right and left of the fixture
outlet centerline. The fixture shall be secured to the
wall outlet flange or drainage connection and to the
floor by corrosion-resistant screws or bolts. The closet
flange shall be secured to a firm base.

Where floor-mounted, back-outlet water closets
are used, the soil pipe shall not be less than three (3)
inches (80 mm) in diameter. Offset, eccentric, or
reducing floor flanges shall not be used.

407.6 Setting. Fixtures shall be set level and in
proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
No water closet or bidet shall be set closer than
fifteen (15) inches (381 mm) from its center to any
side wall or obstruction nor closer than thirty (30)
inches (762 mm) center to center to any similar
fixture. The clear space in front of any water closet or
bidet shall not be less than twenty-four (24) inches
(610 mm). No urinal shall be set closer than twelve
(12) inches (305 mm) from its center to any side wall
or partition nor closer than twenty-four (24) inches
(610 mm) center to center.

407.7 installations for Persons with Disabilities.

Where facilities for persons with disabilities are
required in applicable building regulations, the
facilities shall be installed in accordance with those
regulations.

407.8 Supply Fittings. The supply lines and fittings
for every plumbing fixture shall be so installed as to
prevent backflow as required in Chapter 6.

407.0 Installation.

407.1 Cleaning. Plumbing fixtures shall be installed
in a manner to afford easy access for repairs and
cleaning. Where practical, all pipes from fixtures shall
be run to the nearest wall.

407.2 Joints. Where a fixture comes in contact with
the wall or floor, the joint between the fixture and the
wall or floor shall be made watertight.

407.3 Securing Fixtures. Floor-outlet or floor-
mounted fixtures shall be rigidly secured to the
drainage connection and to the floor, when so

408.0 Water Closets.

408.1 Water closet bowls for public use shall be of the
elongated type. In nurseries, schools, and other similar
places where plumbing fixtures are provided for the
use of children under six (6) years of age, water closets
shall be of a size and height suitable for children's use.
All water closets shall be equipped with seats as
required below.

408.2 Water Closet Seats.

408.2.1 Water closet seats shall be of smooth,
non-absorbent material.

30

PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

408.2 - 41 1 .5

408.2.2 All water closet seats, except those
within dwelling units, shall be either of the open
front type or have an automatic seat cover
dispenser.

408.2.3 Water closet seats shall be properly
sized for the water closet bowl type.

408.2.4 Seats for use in public buildings shall
conform to the standard listed in Table 14-1.

409.0 Urinals.

Every water supply to a urinal shall be protected by
an approved-type vacuum breaker or other
approved backflow prevention device as described
in Section 603.3.

410.0 Flushing Devices for Water Closets and
Urinals.

410.1 Flushing Devices Required. Each water
closet, urinal, clinic sink, or other plumbing fixture
that depends on trap siphonage to discharge its waste
contents shall be provided with a flushometer valve,
flushometer tank, or flush tank designed and installed
so as to supply water in sufficient quantity and rate of
flow to flush the contents of the fixture to which it is
connected, to cleanse the fixture, and to refill the
fixture trap, without excessive water use. Flushing
devices shall meet anti-siphon requirements required
in Chapter 6.

410.2 Automatic Flushing Tanks. Tanks flushing
more than one (1) urinal shall be automatic in
operation and of sufficient capacity to provide the
necessary volume to flush and properly cleanse all
urinals simultaneously. Automatically controlled
flushometer valves may be substituted for flush tanks.

410.3 Flushometer Valves. No manually controlled
flushometer valve shall be used to flush more than
one (1) urinal, and each such urinal flushometer valve
shall be an approved, self-closing type discharging a
predetermined quantity of water. Flushometers shall
be installed so that they will be accessible for repair.
Flushometer valves shall not be used where the water
pressure is insufficient to properly operate them.
When the valve is operated, it shall complete the cycle
of operation automatically, opening fully and closing
positively under the line water pressure. Each
flushometer shall be provided with a means for
regulating the flow through it.

410.4 Water Supply for Flush Tanks. An adequate
quantity of water shall be provided to flush and clean
the fixture served. The water supply for flushing tanks
and flushometer tanks equipped for manual flushing
shall be controlled by a float valve or other automatic
device designed to refill the tar\k after each discharge
and to completely shut off the water flow to the tank

when the tank is filled to operational capacity.
Provision shall be made to automatically supply water
to the fixture so as to refill the trap seal after each
flushing. The water supply to flush tanks equipped for
automatic flushing shall be controlled by a suitable
timing device.

410.5 Overflows in Flush Tanks. Flush tariks shall
be provided with overflows discharging into the
water closet or urinal connected thereto. Overflows
supplied as original parts with the fixture shall be of
sufficient size to prevent tank flooding at the
m.aximum rate at which the tank is supplied with
water under normal operating conditions and when
installed per manufacturer's instructions.

411.0 Floor Drains and Shower Stalls.

411.1 Floor drains shall be considered plumbing
fixtures, and each such drain shall be provided with
an approved-type strainer having a waterway
equivalent to the area of the tailpiece. Floor drains,
floor receptors, and shower drains shall be of an
approved type, suitably flanged to provide a
watertight joint in the floor.

411.2 Location of Floor Drains. Floor drains shall
be installed in the following areas;

411.2.1 Toilet rooms containing two (2) or
more water closets or a combination of one (1)
water closet and one (1) urinal, except in a
dwelling unit.

41 1 .2.2 Commercial kitchens.

41 1 .2.3 Laundry rooms in commercial buildings
and common laundry facilities in multi-family
dwelling buildings.

41 1 .3 Food Storage Areas. If drains are provided in
storerooms, walk-in freezers, walk-in coolers,
refrigerated equipment, or other locations where food
is stored, such drains shall have indirect waste piping.
Separate waste pipes shall be run from each food
storage area, each with an indirect cormection to the
building sanitary drainage system. Traps shall be
provided if required under Section 801.2.2 of this code
and shall be vented.

Indirect drains may be located in freezers or other
spaces where freezing temperatures are maintained,
provided that traps, when supplied, are located where
the seal will not freeze. Otherwise, the floor of the
freezer shall be sloped to a floor drain located outside
of the storage compartment.

41 1 .4 Floor Slope. Floors shall be sloped to floor drains.

411.5 Shower receptors are plumbing fixtures and
shall conform to the general requirements contained
in Section 401.0. Each such shower receptor shall be
constructed of vitrified china or earthenware, ceramic
tile, porcelain-enameled metal, or of such other

31

411.5-411.8

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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material as may be acceptable to the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. No shower receptor shall be installed
unless it conforms to acceptable standards as
referenced in Table 14-1 or until a specification or a
prototype or both of such receptor has first been
submitted to and approval obtained from the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

41 1 .6 Each shower receptor shall be an approved type
and be so constmcted as to have a finished dam, curb,
or threshold that is at least one (1) inch (25.4 mm) lower
than the sides and back of such receptor. In no case
shall any dam or threshold be less than two (2) inches
(51 mm) or more than nine (9) inches (229 mm) in
depth when measured from the top of the dam or
threshold to the top of the drain. Each such receptor
shall be provided with an integral nailing flange to be
located where the receptor meets the vertical surface
of the finished interior of the shower compartment.
The flange shall be watertight and extend vertically a
minimum of one (1) inch (25.4 mm) above the top of
the sides of the receptor. The finished floor of the
receptor shall slope uniformly from the sides toward
the drain not less than one-quarter (1/4) inch per foot
(20.9 mm/m), nor more than one-half (1/2) inch per
foot (41.8 mm/m). Thresholds shall be of sufficient
width to accommodate a minimum twenty-two (22)
inch (559 mm) door. Shower doors shall open so as to
maintain a minimum twenty-two (22) inch (559 mm)
unobstructed opening for egress.

Exception: Showers that are designed to
comply with the accessibility standards listed in
Table 14-1.

41 1 .7 All shower compartments, regardless of shape,
shall have a minimum finished interior of one
thousand twenty-four (1,024) square inches (0.66 m^)
and shall also be capable of encompassing a thirty (30)
inch (750 mm) circle. The minimum required area and
dimensions shall be measured at a height equal to the
top of the threshold and at a point tangent to its
centerline. The minimum area and dimensions shall
be maintaiined to a point seventy (70) inches (1778
mm) above the shower drain outlet with no
protrusions other than the fixture valve or valves,
shower head, soap dishes, shelves, and safety grab
bars or rails. Fold-down seats in accessible shower
stalls shall be permitted to protrude into the thirty (30)
inch (750 mm) circle.

Exception No. 1: Showers that are designed to
comply with ICC/ANSI A117.1.

Exception No. 2: The minimum required area
and dimension shall not apply where an existing
bathtub is replaced by a shower receptor having
minimum overall dimensions of 30 inches (750
mm) in width and 60 inches (1,500 mm) in length.

411.8 When the construction of on-site built-up
shower receptors is permitted by the Authority

Having Jurisdiction, one of the following means shall
be employed:

(1) Shower receptors built directly on the
ground:

Shower receptors built directly on the ground
shall be watertight and shall be constructed
from approved-type dense, nonabsorbent
and noncorrosive materials. Each such
receptor shall be adequately reinforced, shall
be provided with an approved, flanged floor
drain designed to make a watertight joint in
the floor, and shall have smooth, impervious,
and durable surfaces.

(2) Shower receptors built aboveground:

When shower receptors are built above-
ground, the subfloor and rough side of
walls to a height of not less than three (3)
inches (76 mm) above the top of the finished
dam or threshold shall be first lined with
sheet plastic,* lead,* or copper,* or shall be
lined with other durable and watertight
materials.

All lining materials shall be pitched one-
quarter (1/4) inch per foot (20.9 mm/m) to weep
holes in the subdrain of a smooth and solidly
formed subbase. All such lining materials shall
extend upward on the rough jambs of the
shower opening to a point no less than three (3)
inches (76 mm) above the top of the finished
dam or threshold and shall extend outward over
the top of the rough threshold and be turned
over and fastened on the outside face of both the
rough threshold and the jambs.

Nonmetallic shower subpans or linings
may be built up on the job site of not less than
three (3) layers of standard, grade fifteen (15)
pound (6.8 kg) asphalt-impregnated roofing
felt. The bottom layer shall be fitted to the
formed subbase and each succeeding layer
thoroughly hot-mopped to that below. All
corners shall be carefully fitted and shall be
made strong and watertight by folding or
lapping, and each corner shall be reinforced
with suitable webbing hot-mopped in place.
All folds, laps, and reinforcing webbing shall
extend at least four (4) inches (102 mm) in all
directions from the corner, and all webbing
shall be of approved type and mesh, producing a
tensile strength of not less than fifty (50) psi
(344.5 kPa) in either direction. Nonmetallic
shower subpans or linings may also consist of
multilayers of other approved equivalent
materials suitably reinforced and carefully
fitted in place on the job site as elsewhere
required in this section.

32

PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

411.8-412.5

Linings shall be properly recessed and
fastened to approved backing so as not to
occupy the space required for the wall covering
and shall not be nailed or perforated at any
point that may be less than one (1) inch (25.4
mm) above the finished dam or threshold. An
approved-type subdrain shall be installed with
every shower subpan or lining. Each such sub-
drain shall be of the type that sets flush with the
subbase and shall be equipped with a clamping
ring or other device to make a tight connection
between the lining and the drain. The subdrain
shall have weep holes into the waste line. The
weep holes located in the subdrain clamping
ring shall be protected from clogging.

All shower lining materials shall conform to
approved standards acceptable to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

*Lead and copper subpans or linings shall be insulated
from all conducting substances other than their
connecting drain by fifteen (15) pound (6.8 kg) asphalt
felt or its equivalent, and no lead pan or liner shall be
constructed of material weighing less than four (4)
pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m^). Copper pans or
liners shall be at least No. 24 B & S Gauge (0.02 inches)
(0.5 mm). Joints in lead pans or liners shall be burned.
Joints in copper pans or liners shall be soldered or
brazed. Plastic pans shall not be coated with asphalt-
based materials.

411.8.1 Tests for Shower Receptors. Shower
receptors shall be tested for watertightness by
filling with water to the level of the rough
threshold. The test plug shall be so placed that
both upper and under sides of the subpan shall
be subjected to the test at the point where it is
clamped to the drain.

41 1 .9 Floors of public shower rooms shall have a
nohskid surface and shall be drained in such a
manner that wastewater from one bather will not
pass over areas occupied by other bathers. Gutters in
public or gang shower roorhs shall have rounded
corners for easy cleaning and shall be sloped not less
than two (2) percent toward drains. Drains in gutters
shall be spaced not more than eight (8) feet (2438
mm) from sidewalls nor more than sixteen (16) feet
(4879 mm) apart.

411.10 Location of Valves and Heads. Control
valves and showerheads shall be located on the
sidewall of shower compartments or be otherwise
arranged so that the showerhead does not discharge
directly at the entrance to the compartment and the
bather can adjust the valves prior to stepping into the
shower spray.

411.11 Water Supply Riser. Every water supply
riser from the shower valve to the showerhead outlet,
whether exposed or not, shall be securely attached to
the structure.

412.0 Minimum Number of Required Fixtures.

412.1 Fixture Count. Plumbing fixtures shall be
provided for the type of building occupancy and
in the minimum number shown in Table 4-1.

412.2 Access to Fixtures.

412.2.1 In multi-story buildings, accessibility to
the required fixtures shall not exceed one (1)
vertical story.

412.2.2 Fixtures accessible only to private offices
shall not be counted to determine compliance
with this section.

412.3 Separate Facilities.

Separate toilet facilities shall be provided for each sex.
Exceptions:

(1) Residential installations.

(2) In occupancies serving ten (10) or fewer
people, one (1) toilet facility, designed for
use by no more than one (1) person at a
time, shall be permitted for use by both
sexes.

(3) In business and mercantile occupancies with
a total floor area of fifteen hundred (1500)
square feet (139.5 m^) or less, one (1)
toilet facility, designed for use by no more
than one (1) person at a time, shall satisfy
the requirements for serving customers and
employees of both sexes.

412.4 Fixture Requirements for Special Occupancies.

412.4.1 Additional fixtures may be required
when unusual environmental conditions or
special activities are encountered.

412.4.2 In food preparation areas, fixture
requirements may be dictated by health codes.

41 2.4.3 Types of occupancy not shown in Table
4-1 shall be considered individually by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

412.5 Facilities in Mercantile and Business
Occupancies Serving Customers.

412.5.1 Requirements for customers and
employees shall be jpermitted to be met with a
single set of restrooms accessible to both groups.
The required number of fixtures shall be the
greater of the required number for employees or
the required number for customers.

412.5.2 Fixtures for customer use shall be
permitted to be met by providing a centrally

33

412.5-418.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

located facility accessible to several stores. The
maximum distance from entry to any store to
this facility shall not exceed five hundred (500)
feet (152.4 m).

412.5.3 In stores with a floor area of one
hundred fifty (150) square feet (13.9 m^) or
less, the requirement to provide facilities for
employees shall be permitted to be met by
providing a centrally located facility accessible
to several stores. The maximum distance from
entry to any store to this facility shall not
exceed three hundred (300) feet (91.4 m).

412.6 Food Service Establishments. Food service
establishments with an occupant load of one hundred
(100) or more shall be provided with separate faicilities
for employees and customers. Customer and
employee facilities may be combined for occupant
loads less than one hundred (100).

412.7 Toilet Facilities for Workers.

Suitable toilet facilities shall be provided and
maintained in a sanitary condition for the use of
workers during construction.

413.0 Fixtures and Fixture Fittings for Persons
with Disabilities.

Plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings for persons with
disabilities shall conform to the appropriate standards
referenced in Table 14-1 of this code. -

413.1 Limitation of Hot Water Temperature for
Public Lavatories.

Hot water delivered from public-use lavatories shall
be limited to a maximum temperature of 120°F. The
water heater thermostat shall not be considered a
control for meeting this provision.

414.0 Bathtubs and Whirlpool Bathtubs.

I Unless otherwise listed, all bathtubs and whirlpool
bathtubs shall comply with the following requirements:

414.1 A removable panel shall be provided to access
and remove the pump. Whirlpool pump access
located in the crawl space shall be located no more
than twenty (20) feet (6096 mm) from an access door,
trap door, or crawl hole.

414.2 The circulation pump shall be located above the
crown weir of the trap.

414.3 The pump and the circulation piping shall be
self-draining to minimize water retention in
accordance with standards referenced in Table 14-1.

414.4 Suction fittings on whirlpool bathtubs shall
comply with the listed standards.

414.5 Limitation of Hot Water in Bathtubs and
Whirlpool Bathtubs. The maximum hot water
temperature discharging from the bathtub and

whirlpool bathtub filler shall be Limited to 120°F. The
water heater thermostat shall not be considered a
control for meeting this provision.

415.0 Installation of Fixture Fittings.

Where two separate handles control the hot and cold
water, the left-hand control of the faucet when facing
the fixture fitting outlet shall provide the means to
alter the hot water temperature from the fixture fitting.

Single-handle mixing valves shall have the flow of
hot water correspond to the markings on the fitting.

416.0 Bidets.

416.1 Materials. Bidets shall conform to the
standards listed in Table 14-1.

416.2 Backflow Protection. The water supply to the
bidet shall be protected according to Chapter 6, which
allows for an airgap or vacuum breaker.

417.0 Future Fixtures.

When provision is made for the future installation of
fixtures, those provided for shall be considered in
determining the required sizes of drain pipes.
Construction for future installations shall be
terminated with a plugged fitting or fittings. Where
the plugged fitting is at the point where the trap of a
fixture may be installed, the plumbing system for such
fixture shall be complete and conform with all
plumbing requirements of this code.

418.0 Shower and Tub-Shower Combination
Control Valves.

Showers and tub-shower combinations in all buildings
shall be provided with individual control valves of the
pressure balance, thermostatic, or combination
pressure balance/ thermostatic mixing valve type that
provide scald and thermal shock protection. These
valves shall conform to ASSE 1016. Gang showers,
when supplied with a single temperature-controlled
water supply pipe, may be controlled by a master
thermostatic mixing valve in lieu of individually
controlled pressure balance, thermostatic, or
combination pressure balance /thermostatic mixing
valves. Handle position stops shall be provided on
such valves and shall be adjusted per the
manufacturer's instructions to deliver a maximum
mixed water setting of 120°F (49°C). The water heater
thermostat shall not be considered a suitable control
for meeting this provision.

34

PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

Table 4-1

TABLE 4-1
Minimum Plumbing Facilities^

Each building shall be provided with sanitary facilities, including provisions for persons with disabilities as prescribed by the Department Having Jurisdiction. For
requirements for persons with disabilities, ICC/ANSI A1 17.1 , Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, may be used.

The total occupant load shall be determined by minimum exiting requirements. The minimum number of fixtures shall be calculated at fifty (50) percent male and
fifty (50) percent female based on the total occupant load.

The occupant load and use of the building or space under consideration shall first be established using the Occupant Load Factor Table A. Once the occupant
load and uses are determined, the requirements of Section 412.0 and Table 4-1 shall be applied to determine the minimum number of plumbing fixtures required.

This table applies to new buildings, additions to a building, changes of occupancy or type in an existing building resulting in increased occupant load (example:
change an assembly room from fixed seating to open seating). Exception: New cafeterias for employee use are the only use exempted from this requirement.

Type of Building

Water Closets"

Urinals^"

Lavatories

Bathtubs or Showers

Drinking Fountains^ '*'=

or Occupancy^

(Fixtures per Person)

(Fixtures per Person)

(Fixtures per Person)

(Fixtures per Person)

(Fixtures per Person)

Assembly places -

Male Female

Male

Male Female

theatres, auditoriums.

1:1-15 1:1-15

0:1-9

1 per 40 1 per 40

convention halls, etc-

2:16-35 3:16-35

1:10-50

for permanent

3: 36-55 4: 36-55

Add one fixture

employee use

Over 55, add 1 fixture
for each additional 40
persons.

for each
additional 50 males.

Assembly places -

Male Female

Male

Male Female

theatres, auditoriums.

1:1-100 3:1-50

1:1-100

1:1-200 1:1-200

1:1-150

convention Halls, etc. -

2:101-200 4:51-100

2:101-200

2:201-400 2:201-400

2:151-400

for public use

3:201-400 8:101-200

3:201-400

3:401-750 3:401-750

3:401-750

11:201-400

4:401-600

Over 750, add one fixture

Over 750, add one fixture

Over 400, add one fixture

Over 600, add 1 fixture

for each additional 500

for each additional 500

for each additional 500

for each additional

persons.

persons.

males and 1 for each

300 males.

additional 125 females.

Dormitories'-

Male Female

Male

Male Female

1 per 8

1 per 150'^

School or labor"

1 per 10 1 per 8

1 per 25

1 per 12 1 per 12

For females, add

Add 1 fixture for each

Over 150, add 1 fixture

Over 12, add one fixture fo

1 bathtub per 30.

additional 25 males (over

for each additional 50

each additional 20 males

Over 150, add 1

10) and 1 for each additional

males.

and 1 for each 15

bathtub per 20.

20 females (over 8).

additional females.

Dormitories -

Male Female

Male

Male Female

1 per 8

for staff use"

1:1-15 1:1-15
2:16-35 3:16-35
3: 36-55 4: 36-55
Over 55, add 1 fixture for
each additional 40 persons.

1 per 50

1 per 40 1 per 40

Dwellings^

Single dwelling

1 per dwelling

1 per dwelling

1 per dwelling

Multiple dwelling or

1 per dwelling or

1 per dwelling or

1 per dwelling or

apartment house"

apartment unit

apartment unit

apartment unit

Hospital waiting rooms

1 per room

1 per room

1 per150''

Hospitals -

Male Female

Male

Male Female

for employee use

1:1-15 1:1-15
2:16-35 3:16-35
3: 36-55 4: 36-55
Over 55, add 1 fixture for
_. each additional 40j)e.rsons.

0:1-9

1:10-50

Add one fixture for each

additional 50 males.

1 per 40 1 per 40

Hospitals

Individual room

1 per room

1 per room

1 per room

Ward room

1 per 8 patients

1 per 10 patients

1 per 20 patients

1 per 150"

Industrial warehouses,

Male Female

Up to 100, 1 per 10

1 shower for

1 per 150"

workshops, foundries.

1:1-10 1:1-10

persons

each 15 persons

and similar

2:11-25 2:11-25

exposed to

establishments -

3: 26-50 3: 26-50

Over 100, 1 per 15

excessive heat or

for employee use

4:51-75 4:51-75
5:76-100 5:76-100
Over 100, add 1 fixture for
each additional 30 persons.

persons'"

to skin contam-
ination with poison-
ous, infectious, or
irritating material

Institutional - other than

Male Female

Male

Male Female

1 per 8

1 per 150"

hospitals or penal

1 per 25 1 per 20

0:1-9

1 per 10 1 per 10

institutions (on each

1:10-50

occupied floor)

Add one fixture for each
additional 50 males.

Institutional - other than

Male Female

Male

Male Female

1 per 8

1 per 1 50"

hospitals or penal

1:1-15 1:1-15

0: 1-9

1 per 40 1 per 40

institutions (on each

2:16-35 3:16-35

1:10-50

occupied floor) -

3: 36-55 4: 36-55

Add one fixture for each

for employee use

Over 55, add 1 fixture for
each additional 40 persons.

additional 50 males.

35

Table 4-1 continued

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Type of Building

Water Closets"

Urinals*^"

lavatories

Bathtubs or Showers

Drinking Fountains*"

or Occupancy''

(Fixtures per Person)

(Fixtures per Person)

(Fixtures per Person)

(Fixtures per Person)

(Fixtures per Person)

Office or public

Male Female

Male

Male Female

1 per 150"

buildings

1:1-100 3:1-50

1:1-100

1:1-200 1:1-200

2:101-200 4:51-100

2: 101-200

2:201-400 2:201-400

3:201-400 8:101-200

3:201-400

3:401-750 3:401-750

11:201-400

4:401-600

Over 750, add one fixture

Over 400, add one fixture

Over 600, add 1 fixture for

for each additional 500

for each additional 500

each additional 300 males.

persons.

males and 1 for each

additional 150 females.

Office or public

Male Female

Male

Male Female

buildings -

1:1-15 1:1-15

0: 1-9

1 per 40 1 per 40

for employee use

2: 16-35 3: 16-35
3: 36-55 4: 36-55
Over 55, add 1 fixture for
each additional 40 persons.

1:10-50

Add one fixture for each

additional 50 males.

Penal institutions -

Male Female

Male

Male Female

1 per 150'=

for employee use

1:1-15 1:1-15
2:16-35 3:16-35
3: 36-55 4: 36-55
Over 55, add 1 fixture for
each additional 40 persons.

0:1-9

1:10-50

Add one fixture for each

additional 50 males.

1 per 40 1 per 40

Penal institutions -

for prison use

Cell

1 per cell

Male

1 per cell

1 per cell block floor

Exercise room

1 per exercise room

1 per exercise room

1 per exercise room

1 per exercise room

1 Public or

Same as Office or Public

Same as Office or Public

Same as Office or Public

Same as Office or Public

1 professional offices'^

Buildings for employee use

Buildings for employee use'*

Buildings for employee use

5

Buildings for employee use"

Restaurants, pubs, and

Male Female '

Male

Male Female

tounges"-^^-^

1:1-50 1:1-50

1:1-150

1:1-150 1:1-150

2:51-150 2:51-150

Over 150, add 1 fixture for

2: 151-200 2: 151-200

3:151-300 4:151-300

each additional 150 males.

3:201-400 3:201-400

Over 300, add 1 fixture for

Over 400, add 1 fixture for

each additional 200 persons.

each additional 400 persons.

Retail or

Male Female

Male

One for each two

0:1-30"

Wholesale Stores

1:1-100 1:1-25

0:0-25

water closets

1:31-150

2:101-200 2:26-100

1:26-100

One additional drinking

3:201-400 4:101-200

2:101-200

fountain for each 150

6:201-300

3:201-400

persons thereafter

8:301-400

4:401-600

Over 400, add one fixture for

Over 600, add one fixture

each additional 500 males and

for each additional

one for each 150 females

300 males

Schools - for staff use

Male Female

Male

Male Female

All schools

1:1-15 1:1-15
2: 16-35 2: 16-35
3: 36-55 3: 36-55
Over 55, add 1 fixture for
each additional 40 persons.

1 per 50

1 per 40 1 per 40

Schools - for student use

Male Female

Male Female

1 per 150"

Nursery

1:1-20 1:1-20
2:21-50 2:21-50
Over 50, add 1 fixture for
each additional 50 persons.

1:1-25 1:1-25
2: 26-50 2: 26-50
Over 50, add 1 fixture for
each additional 50 persons.

Elementary

Male Female

Male

Male Female

1 perl 50"

1 per 30 1 per 25

1 per 75

1 per 35 1 per 35

Secondary

Male Female

Male

Male Female

1 per 150"

1 per 40 1 per 30

1 per 35

1 per 40 1 per 40

Others (colleges,

Male Female

Male

Male Female

1 per 150"

universities, adult

1 per 40 1 per 30

1 per 35

1 per 40 1 per 40

centers, etc.)

Worship places

Male Female

Male

1 per 2 water closets

1 per 150"

educational and

1 per 150 1 per 75

1 per 150

activities Unit

Worship places

Male Female

Male

1 per 2 water closets

1 per 150"

principal assembly place

1 per 150 1 per 75

1 per 150

36

PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

^ The figureis shown are based upon one (1) fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated or any
fraction thereof.

^ Building categories not shown on this table shall be considered separately by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

^ Drinking fountains shall not be installed in toilet rooms.

" Laundry trays. One (1 ) laundry tray or one (1 ) automatic washer standpipe for each dwelling unit or one (1 ) laundry tray or one
(1) automatic washer standpipe, or combination thereof, for each twelve (12) apartments. Kitchen sinks, one (1) for each
dwelling or apartment unit.

^ For each urinal added in excess of the minimum required, one water closet may be deducted. The number of water closets
shall not be reduced to less than two-thirds (2/3) of the minimum requirement.

^ As required by ANSI Z4.1 , Sanitation in Places of Employment.

' Where there is exposure to skin contamination with poisonous, infectious, or irritating materials, provide one (1 ) lavatory for
each five (5) persons.

^ Twenty-four (24) lineal inches (610 mm) of wash sink or eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) of a circular basin, when provided with
water outlets for such space, shall be considered equivalent to one (1 ) lavatory.

^ Laundry trays, one (1) for each fifty (50) persons. Service sinks, one (1) for each hundred (100) persons.

^° General. In applying this schedule of facilities, consideration shall be given to the accessibility of the fixtures. Conforiiiity purely
on a numerical basis may not result in an installation suited to the needs of the individual establishment. For example, schools
should be provided with toilet facilities on each floor having classrooms.

a. Surrounding materials, wall, and floor space to a point two (2) feet (61 mm) in front of urinal lip and four (4) feet
(1219 mm) above the floor, and at least two (2) feet (610 mm) to each side of the urinal shall be lined with non-
absorbent materials.

b. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.

" A restaurant is defined as a business that sells food to be consumed on the premises.

a. The number of occupants for a drive-in restaurant shall be considered as equal to the number of parking stalls.

b. Employee toilet facilities shall not be included in the above restaurant requirements. Hand-washing facilities shall be
available in the kitchen for employees.

'^ Where food is consumed indoors, water stations may be substituted for drinking fountains. Offices, or public buildings for use
by more than six (6) persons shall have one (1) drinking fountain for the first one hundred fifty (150) persons and one (1)
additional fountain for each three hundred (300) persons thereafter.

^^ There shall be a minimum of one (1) drinking fountain per occupied floor in schools, theatres, auditoriums, dormitories, offices,
or public buildings.

'" The total number of water closets for females shall be at least equal to the total number of water closets and urinals required
for males. This requirement shall not apply to Retail or Wholesale Stores.

For smaller-type Public and Professional Offices such as banks, dental offices, law offices, real estate offices, architectural
offices, engineering offices, and similar uses. A public area in these offices shall use the requirements for Retail or Wholesale
Stores.

A unisex facility (one water closet and one lavatory) may be used when the customer occupant load for the dining area,
including outdoor seating area, is 10 or less and the total number of employees for the space is 4 or less.

Recreation or community room in multiple dwellings or apartment buildings, regardless or their occupant load, shall be
permitted to have separate single-accommodation facilities in common-use areas within tracts or multi-family residential
occupancies where the use of these areas is limited exclusively to owners, residents, and their guests. Examples are
community recreation or multi-purpose areas in apartments, condos, townhouses, or tracts.

A drinking fountain shall not be required in occupancies of 30 or less. When a drinking fountain is not required, then footnotes
3,12, and 13 are not applicable.

37

Table A

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Table A. Occupant Load Factor:

Occupancy*,

Occupant Load Factor (square feet)
(CBC 2001 , Table A-29A)

Group A

3.

Auditoriums, convention halls, dance floors,

lodge rooms, stadiums, and casinos

(use 1/2 "one-half" the number of fixed seating)

Conference rooms, dining rooms, drinking
establishments, exhibit rooms, gymnasiums,
lounges, stages, and similar uses, including
restaurants classified as Group B occupancies

Worship places; principal assembly area,

educational and activity unit

(use 1/2 "one-half" the number of fixed seating)

Group B

Office or public buildings (area accessible to
the public)

Group E

Schools for daycare, elementary, secondary

Educational Facilities Other than Group E

Colleges, universities, adult centers, etc.

Group F

Workshops, foundries and similar establishments

Group H

Hazardous materials fabrication and storage

Group I

Hospital general use area, health care facilities

Group M

Retail or Wholesale stores

Group R

Congregate residence. Group R-1

Group S

Warehouse

15
(where no fixed seating is provided)

30

30
(where no fixed seating is provided)

200

50

50

2,000

2,000

200

200

200

5,000

Any uses not specifically listed shall be based on similar uses listed in this table.

For building or space with mixed occupancies, use appropriate occupancy group for each area (for

example, a school may have an "A" occupancy for the gymnasium, a "B" occupancy for the office, an

"E" occupancy for the classrooms, etc.)

Accessory areas may be excluded (for example: hallway, restroom, stair enclosure)

38

CHAPTER 5

WATER HEATERS

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Parti

501.0 General.

The regulations of this chapter shall govern the
construction, location, and installation of fuel-
burning and other water heaters heating potable
water, together with all chimneys, vents, and their
connectors. The minimum capacity for water heaters
shall be in accordance with the first hour rating listed
in Table 5-1. All design, construction, and work-
manship shall be in conformity with accepted
engineering practices, manufacturer's installation
instructions, and applicable standards and shall be of
such character as to secure the results sought to be
obtained by this code. No water heater shall be
hereinafter installed that does not comply in all
respects with the type and model of each size thereof
approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. A
list of accepted gas equipment standards is included
in Table 14-1.

502.0 Definitions.

502.1 Appliance Categorized Vent Diameter/Area.

The minimum vent area /diameter permissible for
Category I appliances to maintain a nonpositive vent
static pressure when tested in accordance with
nationally recogruzed standards. [NFPA 54: 3.3.7]

502.2 Chimney. (See also Gas Vent, and Venting
System.) One or more passageways, vertical or
nearly so, for conveying flue or vent gases to the
outside atmosphere. [NFPA 54: 3.3.17]

502.3 Chimney, Factory-Built. A chimney composed
of listed factory-built components assembled in
accordance with the terms of listing to form the
completed chinmey. [NFPA 54: 3.3.17.2]

502.4 Chimney, Masonry. A field-constructed
chimney of solid masonry units, bricks, stones, listed
masonry chimney units, or reinforced portland
cement concrete, lined with suitable chimney flue
liners. [NFPA 54: 3.3.17.3]

502.5 Chimney, Metal. A field-constructed chimney
of metal. [NFPA 54: 3.3.17.4]

502.6 Combustible Material. As pertaining to
materials adjacent to or in contact with heat-producing
appliances, vent connectors, gas vents, chimneys, steam
and hot water pipes, and warm air ducts, shall mean
materials made of or surfaced with wood, compressed
paper, plant fibers, or other materials that are capable
of being ignited and burned. Such material shall be
considered combustible even though flame-proofed,
ftre-retardant treated, or plastered. [NFPA 54: 3.3.65.1]

502.7 Direct-Vent Appliances. Appliances that are
constructed and installed so that all air for combustion
is derived directly from the outside atmosphere and
all flue gases are discharged to the outside
atmosphere. [NFPA 54: 3.3.6.3]

502.8 Flue Collar. That portion of an appliance
designed for the attachment of a draft hood, vent
connector, or venting system. [NFPA 54: 3.3.45]

502.9 Gas Vent, Type B. A vent for venting-Usted
gas appliances with draft hoods and other Category I
appliances listed for use with Type B gas vents.
[NFPA 54: 3.3.103.2.2]

502.10 Gas Vent, Type L. A vent for venting
appliances listed for use with Type L vents and
appliances listed for use with Type B gas vents.
[NFPA 54: 3.3.103.2.4]

502.11 Indirect-Fired Water Heater. A water heater
consisting of a storage tank equipped with an internal
or external heat exchanger used to transfer heat from
an external source to heat potable water. The storage
tank may contain heated potable water or water
supplied from an external source, such as a boiler.

502.12 Vent. A passageway used to convey flue gases
from gas utilization equipment or their vent connectors
to the outside atmosphere. [NFPA 54: 3.3.103]

502.13 Vent Connector. The pipe or duct that
connects a fuel-gas-burning appliance to a vent or
chimney. [NFPA 54: 3.3.104]

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TABLE 5-r FIRST HOUR RATING

Number of Bathrooms

1 to 1 .5

2 to 2.5

3 to 3.5

Number of Bedrooms

1

2

3

2

3

4

5

3

4 1

5

6

First Hour Rating,^ Gallons

42

54

54

54

67

67

80

67

80

80

80

Note:

1 The first hour rating is found on the "Energy Guide" lable.

2 Non-storage and solar water heaters shall be sized to meet the appropriate first hour rating as shown in the table.

39

502.14-506.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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502.14 Venting System. A continuous open
passageway from the flue collar or draft hood of a
gas-burning appliance to the outside atmosphere for
the purpose of removing flue or vent gases. [NFPA
54:3.3.96.6]

502.15 Water Heater. An appliance for supplying hot
water for domestic or commercial purposes. [NFPA
54: 3.3.55.7]

503.0 Permits.

It shall be unlawful for any person to install, remove, or
replace or cause to be installed, removed, or replaced
any water heater without first obtaining a permit from
the Authority Having Jurisdiction to do so.

504.0 Inspection.

504.1 Inspection of Chimneys or Vents. This
inspection shall be made after all chimneys, vents, or
parts thereof, authorized by the permit, have been
installed and before any such vent or part thereof has
been covered or concealed.

504.2 Final Water Heater Inspection. This
inspection shall be made after all work authorized by
the permit has been installed. The Authority Having
Jurisdiction will make such inspection as deemed
necessary to be assured that the work has been
installed in accordance with the intent of this code.
No equipment or part thereof shall be covered or
concealed until the same has been inspected and
approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

505.0 Water Heater Requirements.

505.1 Location. Water heater installations in bed-
rooms and bathroom^s shall comply with one of the
following [NFPA 54: 10.28.1]:

(1) Fuel-burning water heaters may be installed in a
closet located in the bedroom or bathroom provided
the closet is equipped with a listed, gasketed door
assembly and a listed self-closing device. The self-
closing door assembly shall ineet the requirements of
Section 505.1.1. The door assembly shall be installed
with a threshold and bottom door seal and shall
meet the requirements of Section 505.1.2. All
combustion air for such installations shall be
obtained from the outdoors in accordance with
Section 507.4. The closet shall be for the exclusive
use of the water heater.

(2) Water heater shall be of the direct vent type.
[NFPA 54: 10.28.1.2]

505.1.1 Self-Closing Doors. Self-closing doors
shall swing easily and freely and shall be
equipped with a self-closing device to cause the
door to close and latch each time it is opened.
The closing mechanism shall not have a hold-
open featiire. [NFPA 80: 6.1.4.2]

505.1.2 Gasketing. Gasketing on gasketed doors
or frames shall be furnished only in accordance
with the published listings of the doors, frame,
or gasketing material manufacturer. [NFPA 80:
6.4.8]

Exception: Where acceptable to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction, gasketing of noncombustible
or limited-combustible material (see NFPA 220)
Standard on Types of Building Construction)
shall be permitted to be applied to the frame,
provided closing and latching of the door are not
inhibited.

505.2 Water heaters of other than the direct-vent
type shall be located as close as practical to the
chimriey oi: gas vent. [NFPA 54: 9.28.1.2]

505.3 Clearance.

505.3.1 The clearances shall not be such as to
interfere with combustion air, draft hood clearance
and relief, and accessibility for servicing. Listed
water heaters shall be installed in accordance with
their listings and the manufacturers' instructions.
[NFPA 54: 10.28.2.1]

505.3.2 Unlisted water heaters shall be installed
with a clearance of 12 inches (300 mm) on all sides
and rear. Combustible floors under unlisted
water heaters shall be protected in an approved
manner. [NFPA 54: 10.28.2.2]

505.4 Pressure-Limiting Devices. A water heater
installation shall be provided with overpressure
protection by means of an approved, listed device,
installed in accordance with the terms of its listing and
the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54: 10.28.3]

505.5 Temperature-Limiting Devices. A water
heater installation or a hot water storage vessel
installation shall be provided with overtemperature
protection by means of an approved, listed device
installed in accordance with the terms of its listing and
the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54: 10.28.4]

505.6 Temperature, Pressure, and Vacuum Relief
Devices. The installation of temperature, pressure,
and vacuum relief devices or combinations thereof,
and automatic gas shutoff devices, shall be installed
in accordance with the terms of their listings and the
manufacturers' instructions. A shutoff valve shall not
be placed between the relief valve and the water
heater or on discharge pipes between such valves
and the atmosphere. The hourly Btu discharge
capacity or the rated steam relief capacity of the
device shall not be less than the input rating of the
water heater. [NFPA 54: 10.28.5]

506.0 Oil-Burning and Other Water Heaters.

506.1 Water heaters deriving heat from fuels or types
of energy other than gas shall be constructed and

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40

WATER HEATERS

506.1-507.1

in accordance with approved standards. Vents or
chimneys for such appliances shall be approved
types. An adequate supply of air for combustion and
for adequate ventilation of heater rooms or
I compartments shall be provided. Each such appliance
shall be installed in a location approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction and local and state
fire-prevention agencies.

506.2 All storage-type water heaters and hot water
boilers deriving heat from fuels or types of energy
other than gas, shall be provided with, in addition to
the primary temperature controls, an overtemperature
safety protection device constructed, listed, and
installed in accordance with nationally recognized
applicable standards for such devices and a
combination temperature and pressure-relief valve.

506.3 Oil-fired water heaters shall be installed in
accordance with NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation
of Oil-Burning Equipment.

506.4 indirect-Fired Water l-leaters

506.4.1 Indirect-fired water heaters shall
conform to applicable sections of the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, or to one of the
other applicable standards shown in Table 14-1.
Each water heater shall bear a label in
accordance with ASME requirements, or an
approved testing agency, certifying and attesting
that such equipment has been tested and
inspected and meets the requirements of the
applicable standards or code.

506.4.2 Indirect-fired water heater that incor-
porate a single-wall heat exchanger shall meet
all of the following requirements:

(1) Connected to a low-pressure hot water
boiler limited to a maximum of 30 psig by an
approved safety or relief valve.

(2) Heater transfer medium is either potable
water or contains fluids having a toxicity rating
or Class of 1.

(3) Bear a label with the word "Caution,"
followed by the following statements:

(a) The heat-transfer medium must be water
or other nontoxic fluid having a toxic rating
or Class of 1 as listed in Clinical Toxicology
of Commercial Products, 5th edition.

(b) The pressure of the heat-transfer
medium must be limited to a maximum of
30 psig by an approved safety or relief
valve.

Note: The word "Caution" and the statements
in letters having a minimum uppercase
height of 0.120 inch (3.05 mm). The
minimum vertical spacing between lines of
type shall be 0.046 inch (1.17 mm).
Lowercase letters shall be compatible with
the uppercase letter size specification.

507.0 Air for Combustion and Ventilation.

507.1 General.

507.1.1 Air for combustion, ventilation, and
dilution of flue gases for gas utilization equipment
installed in buildings shall be obtained by
application of one of the methods covered in
Sections 507.2.1 through 507.7. Gas utilization
equipment of other than natural draft and
Category I vented appliances shall be provided
with combustion, ventilation, and dilution air in
accordance with the equipment manufacturer's
instructions. Where infiltration does not provide the
necessary air, outdoor air shall be introduced in
accordance with methods covered in Sections 507.4
through 507.7. [NFPA 54: 8.3.1.1]

Exception No. 1: This provision shall not
apply to direct-vent appliances. [NFPA 54:
8.3.1.1]

Exception No. 2: Type 1 clothes dryers that
are provided with make-up air in
accordance with section NFPA 54: 8.4.3.

507.1.1.1 Clothes Dryer. A device used to
dry wet laundry by means of heat derived
from the combustion of fuel gases. [NFPA
54: 3.3.18]

507.1.1.2 Clothes Dryer, Type 1. Primarily
used in family living environment. May
or may not be coin-operated for public use.
[NFPA 54: 3.3.18.1]

507.1.1.3 Exhausting to the Outdoors.

Type 1 and Type 2 clothes dryers shall be
exhausted to the outside air. [NFPA 54: 10.4.2]

507.1.1.4 Provisions for Make-Up Air.

Make-up air shall be provided for Type 1
clothes dryers in accordance with the
manufacturers' installation instructions.
[NFPA 54: 10.4.3.1]

507.1.2 Gas appliances of other than natural
draft design and other than Category I vented
appliances shall be provided with combustion,
ventilation, and dilution air in accordance with
the appliance manufacturer's instructions.
[NFPA 54: 9.3.1.2]

507.1 .3 Where used, a draft hood or a barometric
draft regulator shall be installed in the same
room or enclosure as the equipment served so as
to prevent any difference in pressure between the
hood or regulator and the combustion air supply.
[NFPA 54: 9.3.1.4]

507.1.4 Makeup air requirements for the
operation of exhaust fans, kitchen ventilation
systems, clothes dryers, and fireplaces shall be
considered in determining the adequacy of a
space to provide combustion air requirements.
[NFPA 54: 9.3.1.5]

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507.2 - 507.4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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507.2 Sndoor Combustion Air. The required
volume of indoor air shall be determined in
accordance with Sections 507.2.1 or 507.2.2 except
that where the air infiltration rate is known to be less
than 0.40 ACH, Section 507.2.2 shall be used. The
total required volume shall be the sum of the
required volume calculated for all appliances located
within the space. Rooms communicating directly
with the space in which the appliances are installed
through openings not furnished with doors, and
through combustion air openings sized and located
in accordance with Section 507.3 are considered a
part of the required volume. [NFPA 54: 9.3.2]

507.2.1 Standard Method. The minimum
required volume shall be 50 cubic feet per 1,000
Btu/hour (4.8 mVkW). [NFPA 54: 9.3.2.1]

507.2.2 Known Air Infiltration Rate Method.

Where the air infiltration rate of a structure is
known, the minimum required volume shall be
determined as follows [NFPA 54: 9.3.2.2]:

(1) For appliances having other than fan-assisted,
comibustion systems: calculate using Equation
5-1 but no smaller than 35 cubic feet per 1,000
Btu/hour (3.4 mVkW). [NFPA 54: 9.3.2.2(1)]

(2) For fan-assisted combustion system appliances,
calculate using Equation 5-2 but no smaller
than 25 cubic feet per 1,000 Bhi/hour (2.4 mVkW).

[NFPA 54: 9.3.2.2(2)]

Equation 5-1:

Required Volume (,f;;e^ > (21ff /ACH)x ( I^^/jg^/l^OOO Btu/h)

Equation 5-2:

Required Volume ya„ > ( 15 ftVACH) x ( y^^/ 1,000 Btu/h)

Where:

Igther ~ ^^^ Appliances other than Fan-Assisted
Input in Btu/hour

Fan-Assisted Appliance Input in Btu/hour
Air Change per Hour (Percent of volume of
space exchanged per hour, expressed as a
decimal)

Indoor Opening Size and Location.
Openings used to connect indoor spaces shall be
sized and located in accordance with the following
[NFPA 54: 9.3.2.3]:

(1) Combining spaces on the same story. Each
opening shall have a minimum free area of
1 in.V 1,000 Btu/h (2200 mmVkW) of the
total input rating of all gas utilization
equipment in the space, but not less than
100 in.' (0.06 m'). One opening shall
commence within 12 inches (300 mm) of the
top, and one opening shall commence
within 12 inches (300 mm) of the bottom of

'■fan ~
ACH

507.3

the enclosure [see Figure 5-7]. The
minimum dimension of air openings shall
be not less than 3 inches (80mm). [NFPA
54:9.3.2.3(1)]

(2) Combining spaces in different stories. The
volumes of spaces in different stories shall be
considered as conrniunicating spaces where
such spaces are connected by one or miore
openings in doors or floors having a total
minimum free area of 2 in. V 1/000 Btu/h
(4,400 mmVkW) of total input rating of all
gas utilization equipment. [NFPA 54: 8.3.2.3(2)]

507.4 Outdoor Combustion Air. Outdoor combustion
air shall be provided through opening(s) to the
outdoors in accordance with methods in Sections
507.4.1 or 507.4.2. The minimum dimension of air
openings shall not be less than 3 inches (80 mm). [NFPA
54:9.3.3]

507.4.1 Two Permanent Openings Method:

Two permanent openings, one commencing
within 12 inches (300 mm) of the top and one
commencing within 12 inches (300 rmn) of the
bottom of the enclosure shall be provided. The
openings shall communicate directly, or by
ducts, with the outdoors or spaces that freely
communicate with the outdoors as follows. [See
Figure 5-8 through 5-11.] [NFPA 54: 9.3.3.1]

(1) Where directly communicating with the
outdoors or where contmunicating to the
outdoors through vertical ducts, each
opening shall have a minimum free area of 1
in.V4000 Btu/h (550 mmVkW) of total input
rating of all equipment in the enclosure. [See
Figures 5-8 and 5-9.] [NFPA 54: 9.3.3.1(1)]

(2) Where communicating with the outdoors
through horizontal ducts, each opening shall
have a minimum free area of 1 in.V2,000
Btu/h (1,100 mmVkW) of total input rating
of all equipment in the enclosure. [See
Figure 5-10] [NFPA 54: 9.3.3.1(2)]

507.4.2 One Permanent Opening Method:

One permanent opening, commencing within 12
inches (300 mm) of the top of the enclosure, shall
be provided. The equipment shall have clearances
of at least 1 inch (25 mm) from the sides and back
and 6 inches (160 mm) from the front of the
appliance. The opening shall directly
communicate with the outdoors or shall
communicate through a vertical or horizontal
duct to the outdoors or spaces that freely
communicate with the outdoors [see
Figure 5-11] and shall have a minimum free area of
the foUowing [NFPA 54: 9.3.3.2] :

(1) 1 in.V3000 Btu/h (700 mmVkW) of the
total input rating of all equipment located in
the enclosure, and [NFPA 54: 9.3.3.2(1)]

(2) Not less than the sum of the areas of all vent
connectors in the space. [NFPA 54: 9.3.3.2(2)]

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42

WATER HEATERS

507.5 - 507.9

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507.5 Combination Indoor and Outdoor Com-
bustion Air. The use of a combination of indoor and
outdoor combustion air shall be in accordance with
Sections 507.5.1, 507.5.2 and 507.5.3 [see example
calculation in NFPA 54 Annex J and this chapter -
Part II] [NFPA 54: 9.3.4].

507.5.1 Indoor Openings. Where used,
openings connecting the interior spaces shall
comply with Section 507.3. [NFPA 54: 9.3.4(1)]

507.5.2 Outdoor openings shall be located in
accordance with Sections 507.4.1 or 507.4.2.
[NFPA 54: 9.3.4(2)]

507.5.3 Outdoor Openings Size. The outdoor
openings size shall be calculated in accordance
with the following [NFPA 54: 9.3.4(3)]:

(1) The ratio of interior spaces shall be the
available volume of all communicating spaces
divided by tlie required vokime.

(2) The outdoor size reduction factor shall be 1
minus the ratio of interior spaces.

(3) The minimum size of outdoor openings
shall be the full size of outdoor openings
calculated in accordance with Sections
507.4.1 or 507.4.2, multiplied by the
reduction factor. The minimum dimension
of air openings shall not be less than 3 inches
(80 mm). [NFPA 54: 8.3.4(3)(c)]

507.6 Engineered Installations. Engineered
combustion air installations shall provide an
adequate supply of combustion, ventilation, and
dilution air and shall be approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 54: 9.3.5]

507.7 Mechanical Combustion Air Supply. Where
all combustion air is provided by a mechanical air
supply system, the combustion air shall be supplied
from outdoors at the minimum rate of 0.35 feet^/min
per 1,000 Btu/h (0.034 mVmin per kW) for all
appliances located within the space. [NFPA 54: 9.3.6]

507.7.1 Where exhaust fans are installed,
additional air shall be provided to replace the
exhausted air. [NFPA 54: 9.3.6.1]

507.7.2 Each of the appliances served shall be
interlocked to the mechanical air supply
system to prevent main burner operation
where the mechanical air supply system is not
in operation. [NFPA 54: 9.3.6.2]

507.7.3 Where combustion air is provided by
the building's mechanical ventilation system, the
system shall provide the specified combustion
air rate in addition to the required ventilation
air. [NFPA 54: 9.3.6.3]

507.8 Louvers Grilles and Screens.

(A) Louvers and Grilles. The required size of
openings for combustion, ventilation,and

dilution air shall be based on the net free area
of each opening. Where tlie free area through
a design of louver or grille is known, it shall
be used in calculating the size opening
required to provide the free area specified.
Where the design and free area are not
known, it shall be assumed that wood louvers
will have 25 percent free area and metal
louvers and grilles will have 75 percent free
area. Nonmotorized louvers and grilles
shall be fixed in the open position. [NFPA
54: 9.3.7.1]

(B) Screens. Screens shall not be smaller than
1/4-inch mesh. [NFPA 54: 9.3.7.2]

(C) Motorized louvers shall be interlocked with
the equipment so they are proven in tlie full
open position prior to maui burner ignition
and during main burner operation. Means
shall be provided to prevent the main burner
from igniting should the louver fail to open
during burner start-up and to shut down the
main burner if the louvers close during
burner operation. [NFPA 54: 9.3.7.3]

507.9 Combustion Air Ducts. Combustion air ducts
shall comply with the following:

(1) Ducts shall be of galvanized steel or a
material having equivalent corrosion resis-
tance, strength, and rigidity. [NFPA 54: 9.3.8.1]

Exception: Within dwelling units, un-
obstructed stud and joist spaces shall not be
prohibited from conveying combustion air,
provided that not more than one fireblock is
removed.

(2) Ducts shall terminate in an unobstructed
space, allowing free movement of combustion
air to the appliances. [NFPA 54: 9.3.8.2]

(3) Ducts shall serve a single space.
[NFPA 54: 9.3.8.3]

(4) Ducts shall not service both upper and
lower combustion air openings where both
such openings are used. The separation
between ducts serving upper and lower
combustion air openings shall be maintained
to the source of combustion air. [NFPA 54: 9.3.8.4]

(5) Ducts shall not be screened where termi-
nating in an attic space. [NFPA 54:9.3.8.5]

(6) Intakes for combustion air ducts located
exterior to the building shall have tlie lowest
side of the combustion air intake openings
located at least 12 inches (300 mm) vertically
from the adjoining grade level.

(7) Horizontal upper combustion air ducts shall
not slope downward toward the source of
combustion air. [NFPA 54: 9.3.8.6]

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507.9-508.11

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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(8) The remaining space surrounding a chimney
liner, gas vent, special gas vent, or plastic
piping installed within a masomy chimney
flue, metal or factory-built chimney, shall not
be used to supply combustion air [NFPA 54:
9.3.8.7], unless it is listed and shown in the
manufacturer's installation instructions.

508.0 Other Water Heater Installation Requirements.

508.1 The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the
authority to require the use of an approved dielectric
insulator on the water piping connections of water
heaters and related water heating equipment.

508.2 In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F,
water heaters shall be anchored or strapped to resist
horizontal displacement due to earthquake motion.
Strapping shall be at points within the upper one-
third (1/3) and lower one-third (1/3) of its vertical
dimensions. At the lower point, a minimum distance
of four (4) inches (102 mm) shall be maintained
above the controls with the strapping.

508.3 A water heater supported from the ground
shall rest on level concrete or other approved base
extending not less than three (3) inches (76 mm)
above the adjoining ground level.

508.4 When a water heater is located in an attic, attic-
ceiling assembly, floor-ceiling assembly, or floor-
subfloor assembly where damage may result from a
leaking water heater, a watertight pan of corrosion-
resistant materials shall be installed beneath the
water heater with a minimum three-quarter (3/4)
inch (20 mm) diameter drain to an approved location.

508.5 Relief Valve Discharge.

Discharge from a relief valve into a water heater pan
shall be prohibited.

508.6 Added or Converted Equipment. When addi-
tional or replacement equipment is installed or an
appliance is converted to gas from another fuel, the
location in which the equipment is to be operated shall
be checked to verify the following [NFPA 54: 9.1.2]:

508.6.1 Air for combustion and ventilation is
provided where required, in accordance with the
provisions of Section 507.0. Where existing
facilities are not adequate, they shall be
upgraded to Section 507.0 specifications [NFPA
54: 9.1.2(1)].

508.6.2 The installation components and equip-
ment meet the clearances to combustible material
provisions of NFPA 54: 9.2.2. It shall be deter-
mined that the installation and operation of
the additional or replacement equipment does
not render the remaining equipment unsafe for
continued operation. [NFPA 54: 9.1.2(2)]

(The following reference was extracted from NFPA 54.)

9.2.2 Clearance to Combustible Materials. Gas
utilization equipment and their vent connectors shall be
installed with clearances from combustible material so
their operation will not create a hazard to persons or
property. Minimum clearances between combustible
walls and the back and sides of various conventional
types of equipment and their vent connectors are
specified in Chapters 9 and 10. (Reference can also be
made to NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces,
Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances.)

508.6.3 The venting system is constructed and
sized in accordance with the provisions of this
chapter. Where the existing venting system is
not adequate, it shall be upgraded to comply
with this chapter. [NFPA 54: 9.1.2(3)]

508.7 Types of Gases. It shall be determined
whether the gas-utilization equipment has been
designed for use with the gas to which it will be
connected. No attempt shall be made to convert the
equipment from the gas specified on the rating plate
for use with a different gas without consulting the
installation instructions, the serving gas supplier, or
the equipment manufacturer for complete
instiructions. [NFPA 54: 9.1.3]

508.8 Safety Shutoff Devices for Unlisted LP-Gas
Equipment Used Indoors. Unlisted gas utilization
equipment for use with undiluted liquefied
petroleum gases and installed indoors shall be
equipped with safety shutoff devices of the complete
shutoff type. [NFPA 54: 9.1.4]

508.9 Use of Air or Oxygen Under Pressure. Where
air or oxygen under pressure is used in connection with
the gas supply, effective means such as a back-pressure
regulator and relief valve shall be provided to prevent
air or oxygen from passing back into the gas piping.
Where oxygen is used, installation shall be in accordance
witii NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation of
Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied
Processes. [NFPA 54: 9.1.5]

508.10 Protection of Gas Equipment from Fumes
or Gases Other than Products of Combustion.

Non-direct vent-type gas appliances installed in
beauty shops, barbershops, or other facilities where
chemicals that generate corrosive or flammable
products such as aerosol sprays are routinely used
shall be located in an equipment room separate or
partitioned off from other areas with provisions for
combustion and dilution air from outdoors. Direct
vent equipment shall be installed in accordance with
the appliance manufacturer's installation instructions.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.6.2]

508.11 Process Air. In addition to air needed for
combustion in commercial or industrial processes,
process air shall be provided as required for cooling

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44

WATER HEATERS

508.11 -508.20

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of equipment or material, controlling dew point,
heating, drying, oxidation, dilution, safety exhaust,
odor control, air for compressors, and for comfort
and proper working conditions for personnel.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.7]

508.12 Building Structural Members.

508.12.1 Structural members of a building shall
not pass through gas utilization equipment
having an operating temperature in excess of
500°F (260°C). [NFPA 54: 9.1.8.1]

508.12.2 Structural members passing through
gas utilization equipment having an operating
temperature of 500°F (260°C) or less shall be of
noncombustible material. Building columns,
girders, beams, or trusses shall not be installed
within equipment, unless insulation and
ventilation are provided to avoid all
deterioration in strength and linear expansion of
the building structure in either a vertical or a
horizontal direction. [NFPA 54: 9.1.8.2]

508.12.3 Gas utilization equipment shall be
furnished either with load-distributing bases or
with a sufficient number of supports to prevent
damage to either the building structure or
equipment. [NFPA 54: 9.1.8.3]

508.12.4 At the locations selected for installation
of gas utilization equipment, the dynamic and
static load-carrying capacities of the building
structure shall be checked to determine whether
they are adequate to carry the additional loads.
The equipment shall be supported and shall be
connected to the piping so as not to exert undue
stress on the connections. [NFPA 54: 9.1.8.4]

508.13 Flammable Vapors. Gas appliances shall
not be installed in areas where the open use,
handling, or dispensing of flammable liquids
occurs, unless the design, operation, or installation
reduces the potential of ignition of the flammable
vapors. Gas utilization equipment installed in
compliance with Sections 508.14, 508.15, or 508.16
shall be considered to comply with the intent of this
provision. [NFPA 54: 9.1.9]

508.14 Installation in Residential Garages.

(1) Gas utilization equipment in residential
garages and in adjacent spaces that open to
the garage and are not part of the living
space of a dwelling unit shall be installed so
that all burners and burner-ignition devices
are located not less than 18 inches (450 rmn)
above the floor unless listed as flammable
vapor ignition resistant. [NFPA 54: 9.1.10.1]

(2) Such equipment shall be located or
protected so it is not subject to physical damage
by a moving vehicle. [NFPA 54: 9.1.10.2]

(3) When appliances are installed in a separate,
enclosed space having access only from
outside of the garage, such equipment may

be installed at floor level, providing the
required combustion air is taken from the
exterior of the garage. [NFPA 54: 9.1.10.3]

508.15 Installation in Commercial Garages.

508.15.1 Parking Structures. Gas utilization
equipment installed in enclosed, basement, and
underground parking structures shall be
installed in accordance with NFPA 88A, Standard
for Parking Structures. [NFPA 54: 9.1.11.1]

508.15.2 Repair Garages. Gas utilization
equipment installed in repair garages shall be
installed in a detached building or room,
separated iiom repair areas by waUs or partitions,
floors, or floor-ceiling asseimblies that are
constructed so as to prohibit the transmission of
vapors and having a fire-resistance rating of not
less than 1 hour, and that have no openings in the
wall separating the repair area within 8 feet (2.5 m)
of the floor. Wall penetrations shall be fire-
stopped. Air for combustion purposes shall be
obtained from outside the building. The heating
room shall not be used for the storage of com-
bustible materials. [NFPA 54: 9.1.11.2]

Exception No. 1: Overhead heaters where
installed not less than 8 ft (2.5 m) above the
floor shall be permitted.

Exception No. 2: Heating equipment for
vehicle repair areas where there is no
dispensing or transferring of Class I or Class
IT flammable or combustible liquids or
liquefied petroleum gas shall be installed in
accordance with NFPA 30 A, Automotive and
Marine Service Station Code.
[NFPA 54: 8.1.11.2]

508.16 Installation in Aircraft Hangars. Heaters
in aircraft hangars shall be installed in accordance
with NFPA 409, Standard on Aircraft Hangars.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.12]

508.17 Gas Equipment Physical Protection.

Where it is necessary to locate gas utilization
equipment close to a passageway traveled by vehicles
or equipment, guardrails or bumper plates shall be
installed to protect the equipment from damage.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.13]

508.18 Venting of Flue Gases.. Gas utiHzation
equipment shall be vented in accordance with the
provisions of this chapter and NFPA 54, Chapter 10.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.14]

508.19 Extra Device or Attachment. No device or
attachment shall be installed on any gas utilization
equipment that could in any way impair the
combustion of gas. [NFPA 54: 9.1.15]

508.20 Adequate Capacity of Piping. When
additional gas utilization equipment is being
connected to a gas piping system, the existing

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45

508.20 - 508.27

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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piping shall be checked to determine if it has
adequate capacity. (See Section 1209.4.3.) Where
inadequate, the existing system shall be enlarged as
necessary, or separate gas piping of adequate
capacity shall be run from the point of delivery to
the equipment. [NFPA 54: 9.1.16]

508.21 Avoiding Strain on Gas Piping. Gas

utilization equipment shall be supported and so
connected to the piping as not to exert undue strain
on the cormections. [NFPA 54: 9.1.17]

508.22 Gas Appliance Pressure Regulators.

Where the gas supply pressure is higher than that at
which the gas utilization equipment is designed to
operate or varies beyond the design pressure limits
of the equipment, a gas appliance pressure regulator
shall be installed. [NFPA 54: 9.1.18]

508.23 Venting of Gas Appliance Pressure
Regulators. Venting of gas appliance pressure
regulators shall comply with the following
requirements [NFPA 54: 9.1.19]:

508.23.1 Gas appliance pressure regulators
requiring access to the atmosphere for successful
operation shall be equipped with vent piping
leading outdoors or, if the regulator vent is an
integral part of the equipment, into the
con\bustion chamber adjacent to a continuous
pilot, unless constructed or equipped with a vent
limiting means to limit the escape of gas from the
vent opening in the event of diaphragm failure.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.19(1)]

508.23.2 Vent limiting means shall be employed
on listed gas appliance pressure regulators only.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.19(2)]

508.23.3 In the case of vents leading outdoors,
means shall be employed to prevent water from
entering this piping and also to prevent blockage
of vents by insects and foreign matter.

[NFPA 54: 9.1.19(3)]

508.23.4 Under no circumstances shall a
regulator be vented to the gas utilization equip-
ment flue or exhaust system. [NFPA 54: 9.1.19(4)]

508.23.5 In the case of vents entering the
combustion chamber, the vent shall be located so
the escaping gas will be readily ignited by the
pilot and the heat liberated thereby will not
adversely affect the normal operation of the
safety shutoff system. The terminus of the vent
shall be securely held in a fixed position relative to
the pUot. For manufactured gas, tiie need for a flame
arrester in the vent piping shall be determined.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.19(5)]

508.23.6 Vent lines from a gas appliance
pressure regulator and bleed lines from a
diaphragm-type valve shall not be connected to a
common manifold terniinating in a combustion
chamber. Vent lines shall not terminate in

positive-pressure-type combustion chambers.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.19(6)]

508.24 Bleed Lines for Diaphragm-Type Valves.

Bleed lines shall comply with the following
requirements [NFPA 54: 9.1.20]:

508.24.1 Diaphragm-type valves shall be
equipped to convey bleed gas to the outside
atmosphere or into the combustion chamber
adjacent to a continuous pilot. [NFPA 54: 9.1.20(1)]

508.24.2 In the case of bleed lines leading
outdoors, means shall be employed to prevent
water from entering this piping and also to prevent
blockage of vents by insects and foreign matter.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.20(2)]

508.24.3 Bleed lines shall not terminate in the
gas utilization equipment flue or exhaust
system. [NFPA 54: 9.1.20(3)]

508.24.4 In the case of bleed lines entering the
combustion chamber, the bleed line shall be
located so the bleed gas will be readily ignited by
the pilot and the heat liberated thereby will not
adversely affect the normal operation of the
safety shutoff system. The terminus of the bleed
line shall be securely held in a fixed position
relative to the pilot. For nianufactured gas, the
need for a flame arrester in the bleed line piping
shall be determined. [NFPA 54: 9.1.20(4)]

508.24.5 Bleed lines from a diaphragm-type
valve and vent lines from a gas appliance
pressure regulator shall not be connected to a
common manifold terminating in a combustion
chamber. Bleed lines shall not terminate in
positive-pressure-type combustion chambers.
[NFPA 54: 9.1.20(5)]

508.25 Combination of Equipment. Any com-
bination of gas utilization equipment, attachments,
or devices used together in any manner shall comply
with the standards that apply to the individual
equipment. [NFPA 54: 9.1.21]

508.26 Installation Instructions. The installing
agency shall conform with the equipment
manufacturer's recommendations in completing an
installation. The installing agency shall leave the
manufacturer's installation, operating, and
maintenance instructions in a location on the
premises where they will be readily available for
reference and guidance for the Authority Having
Jurisdiction, service personnel, and the owner or
operator. [NFPA 54: 9.1.22]

508.27 Protection of Outdoor Equipment. Gas

utilization equipment not listed for outdoor
installation but installed outdoors shall be provided
with protection to the degree that the environment
requires. Equipment listed for outdoor installation

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46

WATER HEATERS

508.27 - 509.4

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shall be permitted to be installed without protection
in accordance with the provisions of its listing. (See
9.2.1.) [NFPA 54: 9.1.23]

(The following references were extracted from NFPA 54.)

9.2 Accessibility and Clearance.

9.2.1 Accessibility for Service. All gas utilization
equipment shall be located with respect to building
construction and other equipment so as to permit
access to the gas utilization equipment. Sufficient
clearance shall be maintained to permit clean-
ing of heating surfaces; the replacement of filters,
blowers, motors, burners, controls, and vent
connections; the lubrication of moving parts where
necessary; the adjustment and cleaning of burners
and pilots; and the proper functioning of explosion
vents, if provided. Tor attic installation, the passage-
way and servicing area adjacent to the equipment
shall be floored.

509.0 Equipment on Roofs.

509.1 General.

(1) Gas-utilization equipment on roofs shall be
designed or enclosed so as to withstand
climactic conditions in the area in which they
are installed. Where enclosures are provided,
each enclosure shall permit easy entry and
movement, shall be of reasonable height, and
shall have at least a 30-inches (760mm)
clearance between the entire service access
panel(s) of the equipment and the wall of
the enclosure. [NFPA 54: 9.4.1.1]

(2) Roofs on which equipment is to be installed
shall be capable of supporting the additional
load or shall be reinforced to support the
additional load. [NFPA 54: 9.4.1.2]

(3) All access locks, screws, and bolts shall be of
corrosion-resistant material. [NFPA 54: 9.4.1.3]

509.2 Installation of Equipment on Roofs.

(1) Gas utilization equipment shall be installed in
accordance with its listing and the
manufacturer's installation instructions.
[NFPA 54: 9.4.2.1]

(2) Equipment shall be installed on a well-
drained surface of the roof. At least 6 feet
(1.8m) of clearance shall be available
between any part of the equipment and the
edge of a roof or similar hazard, or rigidly
fixed rails, guards, parapets, or other
building structures at least 42 inches (1.1 m)
in height shall be provided on the exposed
side. [NFPA 54: 9.4.2.2]

(3) All equipment requiring an external source of
electrical power for its operation shall be
provided with (1) a readily accessible

electrical disconnecting means within sight
of the equipment that will completely
de-energize the equipment, and (2) a 120-V
ac grounding-type receptacle outlet on the
roof adjacent to the equipment. The
receptacle outlet shall be on tlie supply side
of the disconnect switch. [NFPA 54: 9.4.2.3]

(4) Where water stands on the roof at the
equipment or in the passageways to the
equipment, or where the roof is of a design
having a water seal, a suitable platform,
walkway, or both shall be provided above the
waterltne. Such platforms or walkways shall
be located adjacent to the equipment and
control panels so that the equipment can
be safely serviced where water stands on the
roof. [NFPA 54: 9.4.2.4]

509.3 Access to Equipment on Roofs.

509.3.1 Gas utilization equipment located on
roofs or other elevated locatior\s shall be accessible.
[NFPA 54: 9.4.3.1]

509.3.2 Buildings more than 15 feet (4.6 m) in
height shall have an inside means of access to the
roof, unless other means acceptable to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction are used. [NFPA 54: 9.4.3.2]

509.3.3 The inside means of access shall be a
permanent, or fold-away inside stairway or
ladder, terminating in an enclosure, scuttle, or
trap door. Such scuttles or trap doors shall be at
least 22 inches x 24 inches (560 mm x 610 mm) in
size, shall open easily and safely under all
conditions, especially snow; and shall be
constructed so as to permit access from the roof
side unless deliberately locked on the inside.

At least 6 feet (1.8 m) of clearance shaU be avail-
able between the access opening and the edge of
the roof or similar hazard, or rigidly fixed rails
or guards a minimum of 42 inches (1.1 m) in height
shall be provided on the exposed side. Where
parapets or other building structures are utilized in
lieu of guards or rails, they shall be a minimum
of 42 inches (1.1 m) in height. [NFPA 54: 9.4.3.3]

509.3.4 Permanent lighting shall be provided at
the roof access. The switch for such lighting
shall be located inside the building near the
access means leading to the roof. [NFPA 54: 9.4.3.4]

509.4 Appliances in Attics.

509.4.1 Attic Access. An attic in which an
appliance is installed shall be accessible through
an opening and passageway at least as large as
the largest component of the appliance, and not
less tiian 22 inches x 30 inches (560 mm x 760 mm).
[NFPA 54: 9.5.1]

509.4.2 Where the height of tlie passageway is
less than 6 feet (1.8 m), the distance from the

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47

509.4-510.2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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passageway access to the appliance shall not
exceed 20 feet (6.1 m) measured along the
centerline of the passageway. [NFPA 54: 9.5.1.1]

509.4.3 The passageway shall be unobstructed
and shall have solid flooring not less than 24
inches (610 mm) wide from the entrance opening
to the appliance. [NFPA 54: 9.5.1.2]

509.4.4 Work Platform. A level working
platform not less thair 30 inches (760 mm) by 30
inches (760 mm) shall be provided in front of the
service side of the appliance. [NFPA 54: 9.5.2]

509.4.5 Lighting and Convenience Outlet. A

permanent 120-volt receptacle outlet and a
lighting fixture shall be installed near the
appliance. The switch controlling the lighting
fixture shall be located at the entrance to the
passageway. [NFPA 54: 9.5.3]

510.0 Venting of Equipment.

510.1 General. This section recognizes that the
choice of venting materials and the methods of
installation of venting systems are dependent on the
operating characteristics of the gas utilization
equipment. The operating characteristics of vented
gas utilization equipment can be categorized with
respect to (1) positive or negative pressure within the
venting system, and (2) whether or not the
equipment generates flue or vent gases that can
condense in the venting system. See NFPA 54 Section
3.3 for the definition of these vented appliance
categories. [NFPA 54: 12.2]

510.2 Specification for Venting.

510.2.1 Connection to Venting Systems.

Except as permitted in Sections 510.2.2 through
510.2.6, all gas utilization equipment shall be
connected to venting systems. [NFPA 54: 12.3.1]

510.2.2 Equipment Not Required to Be
Vented. The following equipment shall not be
required to be vented [NFPA 54: 12.3.2]:

51 0.2.2.1 Listed Ranges. [NFPA 54: 12.3.2(1)]

510.2.2.2 Built-in Domestic Cooking Units
Listed and Marked for Optional Venting.
[NFPA 54: 12.3.2(2)]

510.2.2.3 Listed Hot Plates and Listed
Laundry Stoves. [NFPA 54: 12.3.2(3)]

510.2.2.4 Listed T)^e 1 clothes dryers shall
be exhausted to the outside air.

[NFPA 54: 12.3.2(4)]

510.2.2.5 A single listed booster-type
(automatic instantaneous) water heater,
when designed and used solely for the
sanitizing rinse requirements of a dish-

washing machine, provided that the equip-
ment is installed with the draft hood in place
and unaltered if a draft hood is required, in
a commercial kitchen having a mechanical
exhaust system; where installed in this
manner, the draft hood outlet shall not be
less than 36 inches (910 mm) vertically and 6
inches (150 man) horizontally from any surface
other than the equipment. [NFPA 54: 12.3.2(5)]

510.2.2.6 Listed Refrigerators.
[NFPA 54: 12.3.2(6)]

510.2.2.7 Counter Appliances.
[NFPA 54: 12.3.2(7)]

510.2.2.8 Direct Gas-Fired Makeup Air
Heaters. [NFPA 54: 12.3.2(9)]

510.2.2.9 Other Equipment Listed for
Unvented Use and Not Provided with Flue
Collars. [NFPA 54: 12.3.2(10)]

510.2.2.10 Specialized Equipment of Limited
Input such as Laboratory Burners or Gas
Lights. [NFPA 54:12.3.2(11)] Where any or all
of this equipment in Sections 510.2.2.1
through 510.2.2.10 is installed so the aggregate
input rating exceeds 20 Btu/h/ff (207 W/m^)
of room or space in which it is installed, one
or more shall be provided with venting
systems or other approved means for
removing the vent gases to the outside
atmosphere so the aggregate input rating of
the remaining unvented equipment does not
exceed 20 Btu/h/ft' (207 W/m^). Where the
calculationincludes the volume of an adjacent
room or space, the room or space in which the
equipment is installed shall be directly
connected to the adjacent rooni or space by a
doorway, archway, or other opening of
comparable size that cannot be closed.

510.2.3 Ventilating Hoods. Ventilating hoods
and exhaust systems shall be permitted to be
used to vent gas utilization equipnient installed in
commercial applications (see Section 510.3.5)
and to vent industrial equipment, particularly
where the process itself requires fume disposal.
[NFPA 54: 12.3.3]

510.2.4 Well-Ventilated Spaces. The operation of
industrial gas utilization equipment such that its
flue gases are discharged directly into a large and
well-ventilated space shall be permitted. [NFPA
54: 12.3.4]

510.2.5 Direct-Vent Equipment. Listed direct-
vent gas utilization equipment shall be
considered properly vented where installed in
accordance with the terms of its listing, the
manufacturer's instructions, and Section 510.8(3)
of this code. [NFPA 54: 12.3.5]

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

48

WATER HEATERS

510.2-510.5

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

510.2.6 Equipment with Integral Vents. Gas

utilization equipment incorporating integral
venting means shall be considered properly
vented where installed in accordance with its
listing, the manufacturer's instructions, and
Sections 510.8.1 and 510.8.2 of this code. [NFPA
54: 12.3.6]

510.3 Design and Construction.

510.3.1 Minimum Safe Performance. A venting
system shall be designed and constructed so as to
develop a positive flow adequate to remove flue or
vent gases to the outside atmosphere.

510.3.2 Equipment Draft Requirements. A

venting system shall satisfy the draft require-
ments of the equipment in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54: 12.4.1]

510.3.3 Design and Construction. Gas

utilization equipment required to be vented shall
be connected to a venting system designed and
installed in accordance with the provisions of
Sections 510.4 through 510.15 of this code.
[NFPA 54: 12.4.2]

510.3.4 Mechanical Draft Systems.

510.3.4.1 Mechanical draft systems shall be
listed and shall be installed in accordance
with the terms of their listing and both the
appliance and the mechanical draft system
manufacturers' instructions. [NFPA 54: 12.4.3.1]

510.3.4.2 Gas utilization equipment
requiring venting shall be permitted to be
vented by means of mechanical draft
systems of either forced or induced draft
design. [NFPA 54: 12.4.3.2]

Exception: Incinerators.

510.3.4.3 Forced draft systems and all
portions of induced draft systems under
positive pressure during operation shall be
designed and installed so as to prevent
leakage of flue or vent gases into a building.
[NFPA 54: 12.4.3.3]

51 0.3.4.4 Vent connectors serving equipment
vented by natural draft shall not be connected
into any portion of mechanical draft systems
operating under positive pressure.

[NFPA 54: 12.4.3.4]

51 0.3.4.5 Where a mechanical draft system
is employed, provision shall be made to
prevent the flow of gas to the main burners
when the draft system is not performing so as
to satisfy the operating requirements of the
equipment for safe performance.

[NFPA 54: 12.4.3.5]

510.3.4.6 The exit terminals of mechanical
draft systems shall be not less than 7 feet (2.1 m)

above grade where located adjacent to public
walkways and shall be located as specified in
Sections 510.8.1 and 510.8.2 of this code.
[NFPA 54: 12.4.3.6]

510.3.5 Ventilating Hoods and Exhaust
Systems.

510.3.5.1 Ventilating hoods and exhaust
systems shall be permitted to be used to vent
gas utilization equipment installed in
commercial applications. [NFPA 54: 12.4.4.1]

510.3.5.2 Where automaticciUy operated gas
utilization equipment is vented through a
ventilating hood or exhaust system equipped
with a damper or with a power means of
exhaust, provisions shall be made to allow
the flow of gas to the main burners only
when the damper is open to a position to
properly vent the equipment and when the
power means of exhaust is in operation.
[NFPA 54: 12.4.4.2]

510.3.6 Circulating Air Ducts and Furnace
Plenums. No portion of a venting system shall
extend into or pass through any circulating air
duct or furnace plenum. [NFPA 54: 12.4.5.1]

510.4 Type of Venting System to Be Used.

51 0.4.1 The type of venting system to be used shall
be in accordance with Table 5-2. [NFPA 54: 12.5.1]

510.4.2 Plastic Piping. Plastic piping used for
venting equipment listed for use with such
venting materials shall be approved. [NFPA54: 1252]

510.4.3 Special Gas Vent. Special gas vent shall
be listed and installed in accordance with the
terms of the special gas vent listing and the
manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54: 12.5.3]

510.5 Masonry, Metal, and Factory-Built
Chimneys.

510.5.1 Listing or Construction.

510.5.1.1 Factory-built chimneys shall be
installed in accordance with their listing and
the manufacturers' instructions. Factory-built
chimneys used to vent appliances that
operate at positive vent pressure shall be
listed for such application. [NFPA 54; 12.6.1.1]

510.5.1.2 Metal chimneys shall be built and
installed in accordance with NFPA 211,
Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and
Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances. [NFPA 54: 12.6.1.2]

510.5.1.3 Masonry chimneys shall be built
and installed in accordance with NFPA 211,
Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and
Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances, and lined with
approved clay flue lirung, a listed chimney

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

49

510.5

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

lining system, or other approved material'
that will resist corrosion, erosion, softening,
or cracking from vent gases at temperatures
up to 1800°F (982°C). [NFPA 54: 12.6.1.3]

Exception: Masonry chimney flues lined
with a chimney lining system specifically
listed for use with listed gas appliances
with draft hoods. Category I appliances,
and other gas appliances listed for use
with T)Ape B vente shall be permitted. The
liner shall be installed in accordance with the
liner manufacturer's instructions and the
terms of the listing. A permanent identifying
label shall be attached at the point where -
the connection is to be made to the Uner.
The label shall read: "This chimney Uner is
for appliances that bvim gas only. Do not
connect to solid-or liquid-fuel-buming
appliances or incinerators." [NFPA 54:
12.6.1.3]

510.5.2 Termination.

510.5.2.1 A chimney for residential-type or
low-heat gas utilization equipment shall
extend at least 3 feet (0.9 m) above the
highest point where it passes through a roof
of a building and at least 2 feet (0.6 m)
higher than any portion of a building within
a horizontal distance of 10 feet (3.0 m). [See
Figure 5-1.] [NFPA 54: 12.6.2.1]

510.5.2.2 A chimney for medium-heat
equipment shall extend at least 10 feet (3.0 m)
higher than any portion of any building
within 25 feet (7.6 m). [NFPA 54: 12.6.2.2]

510.5.2.3 A chimney shall extend at least 5 feet
(1.5 m) above the highest connected equip-
ment draft hood outlet or flue collar.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.2.3]

51 0.5.2.4 Decorative shrouds shall i>ot be
installed at the termination of factory-built
chimneys except where such shrouds are
listed and labeled for use with the specific
factory-built chimney system and are
installed in accordance with manufacturers'

installation instructions. [NFPA 54: 12.6.2.4]

510.5.3 Size of Chimneys. The effective area of
a chimney venting system serving listed gas
appliances with draft hoods. Category I
appliances, and other appliances listed for use
with Type B vents shall be in accordance with
one of the following methods [NFPA 54: 12.6.3.1]:

(1) This chapter and NFPA 54; Chapter 13.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.3.1(1)]

(2) For sizing an individual chimney venting
system for a single appliance with a draft
hood, the effective areas of the vent
cormector and chimney flue shall be not less
than the area of the appliance flue collar or
draft hood outlet or greater than seven times
the draft hood outlet area. [NFPA 54: 12.6.3.1(2)]

(3) For sizing a chimney venting system connected
to two appliances with draft hoods, the
effective area of the chimney flue shall be
not less than the area of the larger draft hood
outlet plus 50 percent of the area of the
smaller draft hood outlet, or greater than
seven times the smallest drcift hood outlet area.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.3.1(3)]

(4) Other approved engineering methods.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.3.1(5)]

(5) Chimney venting systems using mechanical
draft shall be sized in accordance with approved
engineering methods. [NFPA 54: 12.6.3.1(4)]
Where an incinerator is vented by a chimney
serving other gas utilization equipment, the
gas input to the incinerator shall not be
included in calculating chimney size, provided
the chimney flue diameter is not less than 1
inch (25 mm) larger in equivalent diameter
than the diameter of the incinerator flue outlet.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.3.2]

510.5.4 Inspection of CSiimneys.

(A) Before replacing an existing appliance or
connecting a vent connector to a chimney,
the chimney passageway shall be examined
to ascertain that it is clear and free of
obstructions and shall be cleaned if
previously used for venting solid- or liquid-
fuel-burntng appliances or fireplaces.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.4.1]

(B) Chimneys shall be lined in accordance with
NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces,
Vents, and Solid-Fuel Burning Appliances.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.4.2]

(C) Cleanouts shall be examined to determine
that they will remain tightly closed when
not in use. [NFPA 54: 12.6.4.3]

(D) When inspection reveals that an existing
chimney is not safe for the intended
application, it shall be repaired, rebuilt,
lined, relined, or replaced with a vent or
chimney to conform to NFPA 211, Standard
for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid-
Fuel-Burning Appliances, and shall be
suitable for the equipment to be attached.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.4.4]

510.5.5 Chimney Serving Equipment Burning
Other Fuels.

510.5.5.1 Gas utilization equipment shall
not be comiected to a chimney flue serving a
separate appliance designed to bum solid fuel.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.5.1]

510.5.5.2 Where one chimney serves gas
utilization equipment and equipment
burning liquid fuel, the equipment shall be
connected through separate openings or
shall be connected through a single opening

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

50

WATER HEATERS

Figure 5-1 - Table 5-2

NFPA
NFPA
NFRA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

2 ft (0.6 m)
minimum -

r-10ft(3.0m)--^
/ or less \

3 ft (0.9 m)
minimum

Chimney J^

Chimney

10 ft (3.0 m)
or less

3 ft (0.9 m)
minimum

Chimney

(a) Temiination 10 ft (3.0 m) or Less from Ridge, Wall, or Parapet

More than
• 10 ft (3.0 m)-

Wall or
parapet

~-*fl.

'^^/M<-^.

Note: No height
above parapet
required when
distance from wails
or parapet is more
th^ 10 ft (3.0 m).

3 ft (0.9 m)
minimum

Chimney

Height above any
roofsurface wiflirn
10 ft (3.0 m) horizontally

Ridge

Chimney

(b) Temiination J^ore Than 10 ft (3,0 m) from Ridge, Wail, or Parapet

FIGURE 5-1 Typical Termination Locations for
Chimneys and Single-Wall Metal Pipes Serving
Residential-Type and Low-Heat Equipment
[NFPA 54: Figure 12.6.2.1]

where joined by a suitable fitting located as
close as practical to the chimney. Where two
or more openings are provided into one
chimney flue, they shall be at different
levels. Where the gas utilization equipment
is automatically controlled, it shall be
equipped with a safety shutoff device.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.5.2]

TABLE 5-2
Type of Venting System to Be Used

Gas Utilization Equipment

Type of Venting System

Listed Category I equipment
Listed equipment equipped

with draft hood
Equipment listed for use with
Type B gas vent
system for gas venting

Type B gas vent (510.6)
Chimney (510.5)
Single-wall metal pipe
(510.7)
Listed chimney lining

(510.5.1.3)
Special gas vent listed
for this equipment
(510.4.3)

Listed vented wall furnaces

Type B-W gas vent
(510.6, 510.6.2.2)

Category II equipment

Category III equipment
Category IV equipment

As specified or
furnished

By manufacturers of

listed

equipment (510.4.2,

510.4.3)

Incinerators, outdoors

Single-wall metal pipe
(510.7, 510.7.3)

Incinerators, indoors

Equipment that can be converted
to use of solid fuel

Unlisted combination gas- and
oil-burning equipment

Combination gas- and solid-fuel-
burning equipment

Equipment listed for use with
chimneys only

Unlisted equipment

Chimney (510.5)

Listed combination gas- and
oil-burning equipment

Type L vent (510.6) or
chimney (510.5)

Decorative appliance in
fireplace

vented

Chimney [UMC 907.2(3)]

Gas-fired toilets

Single-wall metal pipe
(510.7, NFPA 54: 9.25.3)

Direct-vent equipment

See 510.2.5

Equipment with Integra

vent

See 510.2.6

[NFPA 54: Table 12.5.1]

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

51

Figure 5-2 -510.6

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Listed
cap

Lowe st discharge opening

Listed gas
vent

Root pitch is )^^2

H (minimum) -
Minimum height from roof
to lowest discharge opening

Roof pitch heights

Roof pitch H(minimum) ft.

m

Flat to 6/12

1.0

0.30

Over 6/12 to 7/12

1.25

0.38

Over 7/12 to 8/12

1.5

0.46

Over 8/12 to 9/12

2.0

0.61

Over 9/12 to 10/12

2.5

0.76

Over 10/12 to 11/12

3.25

0.99

Over 11/12 to 12/12

4.0

1.22

Over 12/12 to 14/12

5.0

1.52

Over 14/12 to 16/12

6.0

1.83

Over 16/12 to 18/12

7.0

2.13

Over 18/12 to 20/12

7.5

2.27

Over 20/12 to 21/12

8.0

2.44

FIGURE 5-2 Gas Vent Termination Locations for
Listed Caps 12 in. (300 mm) or Less in Size at
Least 8 ft. (2.4 m) from a Vertical Wall [NFPA 54:
Figure 12.7.2 and Table 12.7.2]

Vr-

Gas furnace

Type B gas vents

Air grilles in
outside walls

Louvered door could
be used in lieu of
outside wall grilles

FIGURE 5-3 Plan View of Practical Separation
Method for Multistory Gas Venting. [NFPA 54:
Figure 12.7.4.2]

510.5.5.3 A listed combination gas- and
solid-fuel-burning appliance connected to a
single chimney flue shall be equipped w^ith a
manual reset device to shut off gas to the
main burner in the event of sustained
backdraft or flue gas spillage. The chirrmey
flue shall be sized to properly vent the
appliance. [NFPA 54: 12.6.5.3]

510.5.5.4 A single chimney flue serving a
listed combination gas- and oil-burning
appliance shall be sized to properly vent the
appliance. [NFPA 54: 12.6.5.4]

510.5.6 Support of Chimneys. All portions of
chimneys shall be supported for the design and
weight of the materials employed. Listed
factory-built chimneys shall be supported and
spaced in accordance with their listings and the
manufacturers' instructions. [NFPA 54: 12.6.6]

510.5.7 Cleanouts. Where a chimney that
formerly carried flue products from liquid- or
solid-fuel-burning appliances is used with an
appliance using fuel gas, an accessible cleanout
shall be provided. The cleanout shall have a
tight-fitting cover and be installed so its upper
edge is at least 6 inches (150 mm) below the
lower edge of the lowest chimney inlet opening.
[NFPA 54: 12.6.7]

510.5.8 Space Surrounding Lining or Vent

510.5.8.1 The remaining space surrounding a
chimney liner, gas vent, special gas vent, or
plastic piping installed within a masonry
chimney flue shaU not be used to vent another
appHance. [NFPA 54: 12.6.8.1]

Exception: The insertion of anotlier liner
or vent within the chimney as provided
in this code and the liner or vent
manufacturer's instructions.

510.5.8.2 The remaining space surrounding
a chimney liner, gas vent, special gas vent,
or plastic piping installed within a masonry
chimney flue shall not be used to supply
combustion air. [NFPA 54: 12.6.8.2]

Exception: Direct-vent gas-fired
appliances designed for installation in a
solid-fuel-burning fireplace where
installed in accordance with the listing
and the manufacturer's instruction.

510.6 Gas Vents.

510.6.1 A gas vent passing through a roof shall
extend through the entire roof flashing, roof jack,
or roof thimble and be terminated with a listed
termination cap. [NFPA 54: 10.6.1(3)]

510.6.1.1 Type B or Type L vents shall
extend in a generally vertical direction with
offsets not exceeding 45 degrees, except that
a vent system having not more than one

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA.

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

52

WATER HEATERS

510.6

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
"NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA.
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

60-degree offset shall be permitted. Any
angle greater than 45 degrees from the
vertical is considered horizontal. The total
horizontal distance of a vent plus the
horizontal vent connector serving draft-
hood-equipped appliances shall not be
greater than 75 percent of the vertical height
of the vent. [NFPA 54: 10.6.1(4)]

Exception; Systems designed and sized
as provided in this chapter or in accor-
dance with other approved engineering
methods.

510.6.1.2 Vents serving Category I fan-
assisted appliances shall be installed in
accordance with the appliance manufacturer's
instructions and NFPA 54, Chapter 10 or
other approved engineering methods.
[NFPA 54: 12.7.1(3)]

51 0.6.2 A gas vent shall terminate in accordance
with one of the following [NFPA 54: 12.7.2(1)]:

(1) Above the roof surface with a listed cap
or listed roof assembly. Gas vents. 12 inches
(300 mm) in size or smaller with listed
caps shall be permitted to be terminated in
accordance with Figure 5-2, provided they
are at least 8 feet (2.4 m) from a vertical wall
or similar obstruction. All other gas vents
shall terminate not less than 2 feet (0.6 m)
above the highest point where they pass
through the roof and at least 2 feet (0.6 m)
higher than any portion of a building within
10 feet (3.1 m). [NFPA 54: 12.7.2(l)(a)]

(2) Industrial gas utilization equipment as
provided in Section 510.2.4. [NFPA 54: 12.72(l)(c)]

(3) Direct-vent systems as provided in Section
510.2.5. [NFPA 54: 12.7.2(l)(d)]

(4) Equipment with integral vents as provided
in Section 510.2.6. [NFPA 54: 12.7.2(l)(e)]

(5) Mechanical draft systems as provided in
Section 510.3.4. [NFPA 54: 12.7.2(l)(f)]

(6) Ventilating hoods and exhaust systems
as provided in Section 510.3.5. [NFPA 54:
12.7.2(l)(g)]

510.6.2.1 A Type B or a Type L gas vent
shall terminate at least 5 feet (1.5 m) in
vertical height above the highest connected
equipment draft hood or flue collar. [NFPA
54: 12.7.2(2)]

51 0.6.2.2 A Type B-W gas vent shall terminate
at least 12 feet (3.7 m) in vertical height
above the bottom of the wall furnace. [NFPA
54: 12.7.2(3)]

51 0.6.2.3 A gas vent extending through an
exterior wall shall not terminate adjacent to

the wall or below eaves or parapets, except
as provided in Sections 510.2.5 and 510.3.4.
[NFPA 54: 12.7.2(4)]

510.6.2.4 Decorative shrouds shall not be
installed at the termination of gas vents
except where such shrouds are listed for use
with the spiecific gas venting system and are
installed in accordance with manufacturers'
installation instructions. [NFPA 54: 12.7.2(5)]

51 0.6.2.5 All gas vents shall extend through
the roof flashing, roof jack, or roof thimble
and terminate with a listed cap or listed roof
assembly. [NFPA 54: 12.7.2(6)]

51 0.6.2.6 A gas vent shall terminate at least
3 feet (0.9m) above a forced air inlet located
within 10 feet (3.0m). [NFPA 54: 12.7.2(7)]

510.6.3 Size of Gas Vents. Venting systems
shall be sized and constructed in accordance
with NFPA 54, Chapter 13 or other approved
engineering methods and the gas vent and gas
equipment manufacturers' instructions. [NFPA
54: 12.7.3]

510.6.3.1 Category I Appliances. The

sizing of natural draft venting systems
serving one or more listed appliances
equipped with a draft hood or appliances
listed for use with Type B gas vent, installed
in a single story of a building, shall be in
accordance with one of the following
methods. [NFPA 54: 12.7.3.1]

(1) The provisions of this chapter. [NFPA
54: 12.7.3.1(1)]

(2) Vents serving fan-assisted combustion
system appliances, or combinations of
fan-assisted combustion systems and
draft hood-equipped appliances, shall
be sized in accordance with this chapter
or other approved engineering methods.
[NFPA 54: 12.7.3.1(2)]

(3) For sizing an individual gas vent for a
single, draft-hood-equipped appliance,
the effective area of the vent connector
and the gas vent shall be not less than
the area of the appliance draft hood
outlet or greater than seven times the
draft hood outiet area. [NFPA 54: 12.7.3.1(3)]

(4) For sizing a gas vent cormected to two
appliances with draft hoods, the effective
area of the vent shall be not less than the
area of the larger draft hood outlet plus
50 percent of the area of the smaller draft
hood outlet or greater than seven times
the smaller draft hood outlet area.
[NFPA 54: 12.7.3.1(4)]

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

53

510.6 -Table 5-3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

(5) Approved engineering practices. [NFPA
54: 12.7.3.1(5)]

510.6.3.2 Category 11, Category III, and
Category IV Appliances. The sizing of gas
vents for Category II, Category III, and
Category IV gas utilization equipment shall
be in accordance w^ith the equipment
manufacturers' instructions. [NFPA 54:
12.7.3.3]

510.6.3.3 Sizing. Chinmey venting systems
using mechanical draft shall be sized in
accordance with approved engineering
methods. [NFPA 54: 12.7.3.4]

510.6.4 Gas Vents Serving Equipment on
More Than One Floor.

510.6.4.1 A common gas vent shall be
permitted in multistory installations to vent
Category I gas utilization equipment located
on more than one floor level, provided the
venting system is designed and installed in
accordance with approved engineering
methods.

For the purpose of this section, crawl spaces,
basements, and attics shall be considered as
floor levels. [NFPA 54: 12.7.4.1]

510.6.4.2 All gas utilization equipment
connected to the common vent shall be
located in rooms separated from a habitable
space. Each of these rooms shall have
provisions for an adequate supply of
combustion, ventilation, and dilution air
that is not supplied from a habitable space.
(See Figure 5-3.) [NFPA 54: 12.7.4.2]

The size of the connectors and
comm^on segments of multistory venting
systems for gas utilization equipment listed
for use with Type B double-wall gas vent
shall be in accordance with Table 5-14,
provided [NFPA 54: 12.7.4.3]:

(1) The available total height (H) for each
segment of a multistory venting system is
the vertical distance between the level of
the highest draft hood outlet or flue collar
on that floor and the centerline of the next
highest interconnection tee. (See Figure
G.l(K).) [NFPA 54: 12.7.4.3(1)]

TABLE 5-3
Clearance for Connectors [NFPA 54: Table 12.8.4.4]

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Minimum Distance from Combustible Material

Eq ui pment

Listed Type B
Gas Vent Material

Listed Type L
Vent Material

Single-Wall
M etal Pipe

Factory-Built
Chimney Sections

Listed equipment with
draft hoods and equip-
ment listed for use with
Type B gas vents

As listed

As listed

6 in.

As listed

Residential boilers and
furnaces with listed gas
conversion burner and
with draft hood

6 in.

6 in.

9 in.

As listed

Residential appliances
listed for use with Type L
vents

Not permitted

As listed

9 in.

As listed

Residential incinerators

Not permitted

9 in.

18 in.

As listed

Listed gas-fired toilets

Not permitted

As listed

As listed

As listed

Unlisted residential
appliances with draft
hood

Not permittted

6 in.

9 in.

As listed

Residential and low-heat
equipment other than
those above

Not permitted

9 in.

18 in.

As listed

Medium-heat equipment

Not permitted

Not permitted

36 in.

As listed

For SI units, 1 in.= 25.4 mm.

Note: These clearances shall apply unless the listing of an appliance or connector specifies clearances, in which case the listed clearances

shall apply.

54

WATER HEATERS

510.6-510.7

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

(2) The size of the connector for a segment is
determined from its gas utilization equipment
heat input and available connector rise, and
shall not be smaller than the draft hood outlet
or flue collar size. [NFPA 54: 12.7.4.3(2)]

(3) The size of the common vertical vent
segment, and of the interconnection tee at
the base of that segment, shall be based on
the total gas utilization equipment heat
input entering that segment and its available
total height. [NFPA 54: 12.7.4.3(3)]

510.6.5 Support of Gas Vents. Gas vents shall
be supported and spaced in accordance with
their listings and the manufacturers' instructions.
[NFPA 54: 12.7.5]

510.6.6 Marking. In those localities where solid
and liquid fuels are used extensively, gas vents
shall be permanently identified by a label
attached to the wall or ceiling at a point where
the vent connector enters the gas vent. The label
shall read: "This gas vent is for appliances that
bum gas. Do not connect to solid- or liquid-fuel-
burning appliances or incinerators." The
Authority Having Jurisdiction shall determine
whether its area constitutes such a locality.
[NFPA 54: 12.7.6]

510.7 Single-Wall Metal Pipe.

510.7.1 Construction. Single-wall metal pipe
shall be constructed of galvanized sheet steel not
less than 0.0304 inch (0.7 mm) thick or of other
approved, noncombustible, corrosion-resistant
material. [NFPA 54: 12.8.1]

510.7.2 Cold Climate. Uninsulated single-wall
metal pipe shall not be used outdoors in cold
climates for venting gas utilization equipment
in regions where the 99 percent winter design
temperature is below 32° Fahrenheit.

[NFPA 54: 12.8.2]

510.7.3 Termination. The termination of single-
wall metal pipe shall comply with the following
requirements [NFPA 54: 12.8.3]:

510.7.3.1 Single-wall metal pipe shall
terminate at least 5 feet (1.5 m) in vertical
height above the highest connected equip-
ment draft hood outlet or flue collar.
[NFPA 54: 12.8.3(1)]

510.7.3.2 Single-wall metal pipe shall
extend at least 2 feet (0.6 m) above the highest
point where it passes through the roof of a
building and at least 2 feet (0.6 m) higher than
any portion of a building within a horizontal
distance of 10 feet (3.1 m). [See Figure 5-1.]
[NFPA 54: 12.8.3(2)]

51 0.7.3.3 An approved cap or roof assembly
shall be attached to the terminus of a single-

wall metal pipe. [Also see Section 510.7.4.2.]
[NFPA 54: 12.8.3(3)]

510.7.4 Installation with Equipment Permitted
by 510.4.1.

510.7.4.1 Single-wall metal pipe shall be
used only for runs directly from the space
in which the gas utilization equipment is
located through the roof or exterior wall to
the outer air. A pipe passing through a
roof shall extend without interruption
through the roof flashing, roof jacket, or
roof thimble. [NFPA 54: 12.8.4.1]

510.7.4.2 Single-wall metal pipe shall not
originate in any unoccupied attic or
concealed space and shall not pass through
any attic, inside wall, concealed space, or
floor. For the installation of a single-wall
metal pipe through an exterior combustible
wall, see Section 510.10.14.2. [NFPA 54: 12.8.4.2]

510.7.4.3 Single-wall metal pipe used for
venting an incinerator shall be exposed and
readily examinable for its full length and
shall have suitable clearances maintained.
[NFPA 54: 12.8.4.3]

510.7.4.4 Minimum clearances from single-
wall metal pipe to combustible material shall
be in accordance with Table 5-3. Reduced
clearances from single-wall metal pipe to
combustible material shall be as specified for
vent connector in Table 5-4. [NFPA 54: 12.8.4.4]

510.7.4.5 Where a single-wall metal pipe
passes through a roof constructed of
combustible material, a noncombustible,
nonventilating thimble shall be used at the
point of passage. The thimble shall extend at
least 18 inches (460 mm) above and 6 inches
(150 mm) below the roof with the annular
space open at the bottom and closed only at
the top. The thimble shall be sized in
accordance with Section 510.10.14.2. [NFPA
54: 12.8.4.5]

510.7.5 Size of Single-Wall Metal Pipe. Single-
wall metal piping shall comply with the
following requirements [NFPA 54: 12.8.5]:

510.7.5.1 A venting system of a single-wall
metal pipe shall be sized in accordance with
one of the following methods and the gas
equipment manufacturer's instructions
[NFPA 54: 12.8.5(1)]:

(1) For a draft-hood-equipped appliance, in
accordance with this chapter.

[NFPA 54: 12.8.5(l,a)]

(2) For a venting system for a single
appliance with a draft hood, the areas of
the connector and the pipe each shall

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

55

Table 5-4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 5-4
Reduction of Clearances with Specified Foirms of Protection [NFPA 54: Table 10.2.3(b)]

Where the required clearance with no protection from appliance, vent connector, or
single-wall metal pipe is:

36 in.

18 in.

12 in.

9 in.

6 in.

Allowable Clearances with Specified Protection (in.)

Type of protection applied
to and covering all surfaces
of combustible material

Use Col. 1 for clearances above appliance or horizontal connector. Use Col. 2 for
clearances from appliances, vertical connector, and single-wall metal pipe.

as the required clearance

Sides

Sides

Sides

Sides

Sides

with no protection [See

and

and

and

and

and

Figures 5-4

Above

Rear

Above Rear

Above

Rear

Above Rear

Above

Rear

through 5-6.]

Col.1

Col. 2

Col. 1 Col. 2

Col.1

Col. 2

Col. 1 Col. 2

Col.1

Col. 2

(1)3-1/2 in. thick masonry - 24 ~ 12

wall without ventilated air

space

(2) 1/2 in. insulation board 24 18 12 9
over 1 in. glass fiber or

mineral wool batts

(3) 0.024 sheet metal over 18 12 9 6
1 in. glass fiber or mineral

wool batts reinforced with
wire on rear face with
ventilated air space

(4) 3-1/2 in. thick masonry - 12 ~ 6
wall with ventilated air

space

(5) 0.024 sheet metal with 18 12 9 6
ventilated air space

(6) 1/2 in. thick insulation 18 12 9 6
board with ventilated air

space

(7) 0.024 sheet metal with 18 12 9 6
ventilated air space over

0.024 sheet metal with
ventilated air space

(8) 1 in. glass fiber or 18 12 9 6
mineral wool batts

sandwiched between two
sheets 0.024 sheet metal
with ventilated ak space

6 4

6 4

6 4

6 4

5 3

5 3

5 3

5 3

3 2

3 3

3 3

3 3

For SI tmits, 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
Notes:

1. Reduction of clearances from com.bustible materials shall not interfere with combustion air^ draft hood clearance and relief, and
accessibility of servicing.

2. All clearances shall be measured from the outer surface of the combustible material to the nearest point on the surface of the appUance,
disregarding any intervening protection applied to the combustible material.

3. Spacers and ties shall be of noncombustible material. No spacer or tie shall be used directly opposite the appliance or cormector.

4. Where all clearance reduction systems use a ventilated air space, adequate provision for air circulation shall be provided as described.
[See Figure 5-5 and Figure 5-6.]

5. There shall be at least 1 in. (25 mm) between clearance reduction systems and combustible walls and ceilings for reduction systems using
a ventilated air space.

6. Where a wall protector is mounted on a single flat wall away from corners, it shall have a minimum 1 inch (25 mm) air gap. To provide
adequate air circulation, the bottom and top edges, or only the side and top edges, or all edges shall be left open.

7. Mineral wool batts (blanket or board) shall have a minimum density of 8 Ib/ff (128 kg/m^) and a minimum melting point of 1,500°F (816°C).

8. Insulation material used as part of a clearance reduction system shall have a thermal conductivity of 1.0 Btu in./ft^ /h-°F (0.144 W/m-K)
or less.

9. There shall be at least 1 inch (25 mm) between the appliance and the protector. In no case shall the clearance between the appliance and
the combustible surface be reduced below that allowed in this table.

10. All clearances and thicknesses are minimimi; larger clearances and thicknesses are acceptable.

11. Listed single- wall connectors shall be installed in accordance with the terms of their listing and the manufacturers' instructions.

56

WATER HEATERS

Figure 5-4 -51 0.7

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Construction using combustible — <
material, plastered or unplastered

2

M

M M

M

Combustible wall

^^^^

Sheet metal or
other protection

•* — Gas equipment
or vent connector

Notes:

A - Equals the clearance with no protection specified in
Tables 5-3 and 5-4 and in the sections applying to
various types of equipment.

B - Equals the reduced clearance permitted in
accordance with Table 5-3. The protection applied to the
construction using combustible material shall extend far
enough in each direction to make C equal to A.

FIGURE 5-4 Extent of Protection Necessary to
Reduce Clearances from Gas Equipment or Vent
Connectors. [NFPA 54: Figure 10.3.2.2(1)]

Mounted with side
and top edges open

Mounted with top
and bottom edges
open

Wall protector mounted
on single flat wall

Must be mounted with top
and bottom edges open

Wall protector installed in comer

/ y» Nail or screw anchor

( — Clearance

reduction system

1 in. (25 mm) nonpombustible
spacer such as stacked washers,
small-diameter pipe, tubing, or
eteclrical conduit.

Masonry walls can be attached to combustible walls
using wall ties. Spacers should not be used directly
behind appliance or connector.

FIGURE 5-5 Wall Protection Reduction System.

[NFPA 54: Figure 1 0.3.2.2(2)]

1 in. (25 mm) ^^'
minimum air space
between masonry
and combustible wall

4 in. (100 mm)
nominal brick wa!

Bottom and top course
of bricks staggered for
ventilation

Corrugated
metal wall
ties

A strip of heavy-gauge stee
used for added support

Note: Do not place masonry wall ties directly
behind appliance or connector.

Masonry wall tie

FIGURE 5-6 Masonry Clearance Reduction System.
[NFPA 54: Figure 10.3.2.2(3)]

Minimum Thickness for Galvanized Steel Vent
Connector for Low-Heat Appliances

[NFPA 54: Table 12.11.2.5]

Diameter of
Connector (In.)

Minimum Thickness
(in.)*

Less than 6

6 to less than 10

10 to 12 inclusive

14 to 16 inclusive

Over 16

0.019
0.023
0.029
0.034
0.056

* For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 in.' = 645 nriml

not be less than the area of the
appliance flue collar or draft hood
outlet, whichever is smaller. The vent
area shall not be greater than seven
times the draft hood outlet area.
[NFPA 54: 12.8.5(l,b)]

(3) Other approved engineering methods.
[NFPA 54: 12.8.5(l,c)]

51 0.7.5.2 Where a single-wall metal pipe is
used and has a shape other than round, it
shall have an equivalent effective area equal
to the effective area of the round pipe for
which it is substituted, and the minimum
internal dimension of the pipe shall be 2
inches (50 mm). [NFPA 54: 12.8.5(2)]

510.7.5.3 The vent cap or a roof assembly
shall have a venting capacity not less than
that of the pipe to which it is attached.
[NFPA 54: 12.8.5(3)]

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57

510.7-510.10

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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510.7.6 Support of Single-Wall Metal Pipe.

All portions of single-wall metal pipe shall be
supported for the design and weight of the
material employed. [NFPA 54: 12.8.6]

510.7.7 Marking. Single-wall metal pipe shall
comply with the marking provisions of Section
510.6.6. [NFPA 54: 12.8.7]

510.8 Through-the-Wall Vent Termination. (See
Figure 5-12.)

51 0.8.1 A mechanical draft venting system shall
terminate at least 3 feet (0.9 m) above any forced
air inlet located within 10 feet (3.1 m). [NFPA 54:
12.9.1]

Exception No. 1: This provision shall not
apply to the combustion air intake of a
direct-vent appliance.

Exception No. 2: This provision shall not
apply to the separation of the integral
outdoor air inlet and flue gas discharge of
listed outdoor appliances.

510.8.2 A mechanical draft venting system of
other than direct-vent type shall terminate at
least 4 feet (1.2 m) below, 4 feet (1.2 m) horizon-
tally from, or 1 foot (300 mm) above any door,
operable window, or gravity air inlet into any
building. The bottom of the vent terminal shall
be located at least 12 inches (300 mm) above grade.

[NFPA 54: 12.9.2]

510.8.3 The vent terminal of a direct-vent
appliance with an input of 10,000 Btu/h (3 kW)
or less shall be located at least 6 inches (150 mm)
from any air opening into a building, and such
an appliance with an input over 10,000 Btu/h (3
kW) but not over 50,000 Btu/h (14.7 kW) shall be
installed with a 9-inch (230 mm) vent termination
clearance, and an appliance with an input over
50,000 Btu/h (14.7 kW) shall have at least a 12 inch
(300-mm) vent termination clearance. The bottom
of the vent terminal and the air intake shall be
located at least 12 inches (300 mm) above grade.
[NFPA 54: 12.9.3]

510.8.4 Through-the-wall vents for Category II
and Category IV appliances and noncategorized
condensing appliances shall not terminate over
public walkways or over an area where conden-
sate or vapor could create a nuisance or hazard or
could be detrimental to the operation of regu-lators,
relief valves, or other equipment. Where local
experience indicates that condensate is a problem
with Category I and Category III appU-ances, this
provision shaU also apply. [NFPA 54: 12.9.4]

510.9 Condensation Drain.

510.9.1 Provision shall be made to collect and
dispose of condensate from venting systems

serving Category II and Category IV gas
utilization equipment and noncategorized
condensing appliances in accordance with
Section 510.8.4. [NFPA 54: 12.10.1]

510.9.2 Where local experience indicates that
condensation is a problem, provision shall be
made to drain off and dispose of condensate
from venting systems serving Category I and
Category III gas utilization equipment in
accordance with 510.8.4. [NFPA 54: 10.9.2]

510.10 Vent Connectors for Category I Gas
Utilization Equipment.

510.10.1 Where Required. A vent cormector
shall be used to connect gas utilization
equipment to a gas vent, chimney, or single-
wall metal pipe, except where the gas vent,
chimney, or single-wall metal pipe is directly
connected to the equipment. [NFPA 54: 12.11.1]

510.10.2 Materials.

51 0.1 0.2.1 A vent connector shall be made of
noncombustible, corrosion resis-tant material
capable of withstanding the vent gas temper-
ature produced by the gas utilization equip-
ment and of sufficient thickness to withstand
physical damage. [NFPA 54: 12.11.2.1]

510.10.2.2 Where the vent cormector used
for gas utilization equipment having a draft
hood or a Category I appliance is located in
or passes through an unconditioned area,
that portion of the vent connector shall be
Usted Type B, Type L, or listed vent material
having equivalent insulation qualities.
[NFPA 54: 12.11.2.2]

Exception: Single-wall metal pipe
located within the exterior walls of the
building and located in areas having a
local 99 percent winter design temperature
of 5°F or higher.

510.10.2.3 Where the vent connector used
for gas utilization equipment having a draft
hood or a Category I appliance is located in
or passes through attics and crawl spaces,
that portion of the vent connector shall be
listed Type B, Type L, or listed vent material
having equivalent insulation qualities.
[NFPA 54: 12.11.2.3]

510.10.2.4 Vent connectors for residential-
type appliances shall comply with the
following: [NFPA 54: 12.11.2.4]

(1) Vent Connectors Not Installed in Attics,
Crawl Spaces, or Other Unconditioned
Areas. Vent connectors for listed gas

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58

WATER HEATERS

510.10

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appliances having draft hoods and for
appliances having draft hoods and
equipped with listed conversion burners
that are not installed in attics, crawl spaces,
or other unconditioned areas shall be one of
the following:

(a) Type B or Type L vent material.

(b) Galvanized sheet steel not less than
0.018-inches (0.46 mm) thick.

(c) Aluminum (1100 or 3003 alloy or
equivalent) sheet not less than 0.027-
inches (0.69 mm) thick.

(d) Stainless steel sheet not less than 0.012-
inches (0.31 mm) thick.

(e) Smooth interior wall metal pipe having
resistance to heat and corrosion equal to
or greater than that of b, c, or d above.

(f) A listed vent connector.

(2) Vent connectors shall not be covered
with insulation.

Exception; Listed insulated vent
connectors shall be installed according to
the terms of their listing.

510.10.2.5 A vent connector for non-
residential low-heat equipment shall be a
factory-built chimney section or steel pipe
having resistance to heat and corrosion
equivalent to that for the appropriate
galvanized pipe as specified in Table 5-5.
Factory-built chimney sections shall be
joined together in accordance with the
chimney manufacturer's instructions.
[NFPA 54: 12.11.2.5]

510.10.2.6 Vent connectors for medium-
heat equipment and commercial and
industrial incinerators shall be constructed
of factory-built, medium-heat chimney
sections or steel of a thickness not less than
that specified in Table 5-6 and shall comply
with the following: [NFPA 54: 12.11.2.6]

(1) A steel vent connector for equipment
with a vent gas temperature in excess of
1,000°F (538°C) measured at the entrance to
the connector shall be lined with medium-
duty fire brick (ASTM C 64, Specification for
Refractories for Incinerators and Boilers,
Type F) or the equivalent.

(2) The lining shall be at least 2-1/2 inches
(64 mm) thick for a vent connector having a
diameter or greatest cross-sectional dimension
of 18 inches (460 mm) or less.

(3) The lining shall be at least 4-1/2 inches
(110 mm) thick laid on the 4-1/2 inch (110-

mm) bed for a vent connector having a
diameter or greatest cross-sectional
dimension greater than 18 inches (460 mm).

(4) Factory-built chimney sections, if
employed, shall be joined together in
accordance with the chimney manufacturer's
instructions.

TABLE 5-6

Minimum Thickness for Steei Vent Connectors

for Medium-Heat Equipment and Commercial and

Industrial Incinerators

[NFPA 54: Table 12.11.2,6]

Vent Connector Size

Minimum

Diameter (in.)

Area (in.^)

Thickness (in.)

Up to 14

Up to 154

0.053

Over 14 to 16

154 to 201

0.067

Over 16 to 18

201 to 254

0.093

Over 18

Larger than 254 0.123

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 in." - 645 mm-.

510.10.3 Size of Vent Connector.

510.10.3.1 A vent connector for gas
utilization equipment with a single draft
hood or for a Category I fan-assisted
combustion system appliance shall be sized
and installed in accordance with this chapter
or other approved engineering methods.
[NFPA 54: 12.11.3.1]

510.10.3.2 For a single appliance having
more than one draft hood outlet or flue
collar, the manifold shall be constructed
according to the instructions of the appliance
manufacturer. Where there are no instruc-
tions, the manifold shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with approved
engineering practices. As an alternate
method, the effective area of the manifold
shall equal the combined area of the flue collars
or draft hood outlets, and the vent connectors
shall have a minimum 1-foot (0.3 m) rise.
[NFPA 54: 12.11.3.2]

510.10.3.3 Where two or more gas appliances
are connected to a common vent or chimney,
each vent connector shall be sized in accord-
ance with this chapter or other approved
engineering methods. [NFPA 54: 12.11.3.3]
As an alternative method applicable only
when all of the appliances are draft-hood-
equipped, each vent connector shall have an

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59

510.10

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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effective area not less than the area of the
draft hood outlet of the appliance to which it is
connected. [NFPA 54: 12.11.3.4]

510.10.3.4 Where two or more gas appliances
are vented through a common vent connector
or vent manifold,- the common vent connec-
tor or vent manifold shall be located at the
highest level consistent with available head-
room and clearance to combustible material
and shall be sized in accordance with this
chapter or other approved engineering
methods. [NFPA 54: 12.11.3.5]

As an alternate method applicable only
where there are two draft-hood-equipped
appliances, the effective area of the common
vent connector or vent manifold and all
junction fittings shall be not less than the
area of the larger vent connector plus 50
percent of the areas of smaller flue collar
outlets. [NFPA 54: 12.11.3.6]

510.10.3.5 Where the size of a vent connec-
tor is increased to overcome installation
limitations and obtain connector capacity
equal to the equipment input, the size
increase shall be made at the equipment
draft hood outlet. [NFPA 54: 12.11.3.7]

510.10.4 Two or More Appliances Connected
to a Single Vent.

510.10.4.1 Where two or more vent
connectors enter a common gas vent,
chiinney flue, or single-wall metal pipe, the
smaller cormector shall enter at the highest
level consistent with the available headroom
or clearance to combustible material.
[NFPA 54: 12.11.4.1]

510.10.4.2 Vent connectors serving
Category I appliances shall not be connected
to any portion of a mechanical draft system
operating under positive static pressure,
such as those serving Category III or
Category IV appliances. [NFPA 54: 12.11.4.2]

510.10.5 Clearance. Minimum clearances
from vent connectors to combustible material
shall be in accordance with Table 5-3. [NFPA
54: 12.11.5]

Exception: The clearance between a vent
connector and combustible material shall be
permitted to be reduced where the com-
bustible material is protected as specified for
vent connectors in Table 5-4.

510.10.6 Avoid Unnecessary Bends. A vent
cormector shall be installed so as to avoid turns
or other construction features that create

excessive resistance to flow of vent gases. [NFPA
54: 12.11.6]

510.10.7 Joints. Joints between sections of
connector piping and connections to flue collars
or draft hood outlets shall be fastened in
accordance with one of the following methods:
[NFPA 54: 12.11.7]

(1) By sheet metal screws.

(2) Vent cormectors of listed vent material shall
be assembled and connected to flue collars
or draft hood outlets in accordance with the
manufacturers' instructions.

(3) Other approved means.

510.10.8 Slope. A vent connector shall be
installed without any dips or sags and shall
slope upward toward the vent or chimney at
least 1/4 in./ft. (20 mm/m). [NFPA 54: 12.11.8]

Exception: Vent connectors attached to a
mechanical draft system installed in accordance
with the manufacturers' instructions.

510.10.9 Length of Vent Connector.

510.10.9.1 A vent connector shall be as
short as practical and the gas utilization
equipment located as close as practical to
the chimney or vent. [NFPA 54: 12.11.9.1]

510.10.9.2 The maximum horizontal length
of a single- wall connector shall be 75 percent
of the height of the chimney or vent except
for engineered systems. The maximum
length of an individual connector for a
chimney or vent system serving multiple
appliances, from the appliance outlet to the
junction with the common vent or another
connector, shall be 100 percent of the height
of the chimney or vent. [NFPA 54: 12.11.9.2]

51 0.1 0.9.3 The maximum horizontal length
of a Type B double-wall connector shall be
100 percent of the height of the chimney or
vent, except for engineered systems. The
maximum length of an individual connector
for a chimney or vent system serving
multiple appliances, from the appliance
outlet to the junction with the common vent
or another connector, shall be 100 percent of
the height of the chimney or vent. [NFPA
54:12.11.9.3]

510.10.10 Support. A vent connector shall be
supported for the design and weight of the
material employed to maintain clearances and
prevent physical damage and separation of joints.
[NFPA 54: 12.11.10]

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60

WATER HEATERS

510.10-510.12

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510.10.11 Chimney Connection. Where
entering a flue in a masonry or metal chimney,
the vent connector shall be installed above the
extreme bottom to avoid stoppage. Where a
thimble or slip joint is used to facilitate removal
of the connector, the connector shall be firmly
attached to or inserted into the thimble or slip
joint to prevent the cormector from falling out.
Means shall be employed to prevent the
connector from entering so far as to restrict the
space between its end and the opposite wall of
the chimney flue. [NFPA 54: 12.11.11]

510.10.12 Inspection. The entire length of a
vent connector shall be readily accessible for
inspection, cleaning, and replacement. [NFPA
54: 12.11.12]

510.10.13 Fireplaces. A vent connector shall
not be connected to a chimney flue serving a
fireplace unless the fireplace flue opening is
permanently sealed. [NFPA 54: 12.11.13]

510.10.14 Passage through Ceilings, Floors,
or Walls.

510.10.14.1 A vent connector shall not pass
through any ceiling, floor, or fire-resistance-
rated wall. A single-wall metal pipe
connector shall not pass through any
interior wall.

Exception: Vent connectors made of
listed Type B or Type L vent material
and serving listed equipment with draft
hoods and other equipment listed for
use with Type B gas vents that pass
through walls or partitions constructed
of combustible material shall be installed
with not less than the listed clearance to
combustible material.

510.10.14.2 A vent connector made of a
single-wall metal pipe shall not pass
through a combustible exterior wall unless
guarded at the point of passage by a
ventilated metal thimble not smaller than
the following: [NFPA 54: 12.11.14.2]

(1) For listed appliances equipped with
draft hoods and appliances listed for
use with Type B gas vents, the thim-
ble shall be a minimum of 4 inches (100
mm) larger in diameter than the vent
cormector. Where there is a run of not
less than 6 feet (1.8 m) of vent connector in
the opening between the draft hood
outlet and the thimble, the thimble shall

be a minimum of 2 inches (50 mm) larger
in diameter than the vent connector.

(2) For unlisted appliances having draft
hoods, the thimble shall be a minimum
of 6 inches (150 mm) larger in diameter
than the vent connector.

(3) For residential and low-heat appliances,
the thimble shall be a minimum of 12
inches (300 mm) larger in diameter than
the vent connector.

Exception: In lieu of thimble
protection, all combustible material
in the wall shall be removed from
the vent connector a sufficient
distance to provide the specified
clearance from such vent connector
to combustible material. Any
material used to close up such
opening shall be noncombustible.

510.10.14.3 Vent connectors for medium-
heat equipment shall not pass through walls
or partitions constructed of combustible
material. [NFPA 54: 12.11.14.3]

510.11 Vent Connectors for Category II,
Category III, and Category IV Gas Utilization
Equipment. (See Section 510.4.) [NFPA 54: 12.12]

510.12 Draft Hoods and Draft Controls.

510.12.1 Equipment Requiring Draft
Hoods. Vented gas utilization equipment
shall be installed with draft hoods.
[NFPA 54: 12.13.1]

Exception: Dual oven-type combination
ranges; incinerators; direct-vent
equipment; fan-assisted combustion
system appliances; equipment requiring
chimney draft for operation; single
firebox boilers equipped with
conversion burners with inputs greater
than 400,000 Btu/h (117 kW); equipment
equipped with blast, power, or pressure
burners that are not listed for use with
draft hoods; and equipment designed
for forced venting.

510.12.2 Installation. A draft hood supplied
with or forming a part of listed vented gas
utilization equipment shall be installed
without alteration, exactly as furnished and
specified by the equipment manufacturer.
[NFPA 54: 12.13.2] If a draft hood is not
supplied by the equipment manufacturer
where one is required, a draft
hood shall be installed, be of a listed or

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61

510.12-511.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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approved type, and, in the absence of other
instructions, be of the same size as the
equipment flue collar. Where a draft hood is
required with a conversion burner, it shall
be of a listed or approved type. [NFPA 54:
12.13.2.1] Where it is determined that a draft
hood of special design is needed or
preferable for a particular installation, the
installation shall be in accordance with the
recommendations of the equipment
manufacturer and shall be with the approval
of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
[NFPA 54: 12.13.2.2]

510.12.3 Draft-Control Devices. Where a
draft-control device is part of the gas
utilization equipment or is supplied by the
equipment manufacturer, it shall be installed
in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. In the absence of manufacturer's
instructions, the device shall be attached to
the flue collar of the equipment or as near to
the equipment as practical. [NFPA
54: 12.13.3]

510.12.4 Additional Devices. Gas utilization
equipment (except incinerators) requiring
controlled chimney draft shall be permitted
to be equipped with a listed double-acting
barometric draft regulator installed and
adjusted in accordance with the manufacturers'
instructions. [NFPA 54: 12.13.4]

510.12.5 Location. Draft hoods and
barometric draft regulators shall be installed
in the same roon\ or enclosure as the
equipment in such a manner as to prevent
any difference in pressure between the hood
or regulator and the combustion air supply.
[NFPA 54: 12.13.5]

510.12.6 Positioning. Draft hoods and
draft regulators shall be installed in the
position for which they were designed
with reference to the horizontal and
vertical planes and shall be located so that
the relief opening is not obstructed by any
part of the equipment or adjacent
construction. The equipment and its draft
hood shall be located so that the relief
opening is accessible for checking vent
operation. [NFPA 54: 12.13.6]

510.12.7 Clearance. A draft hood shall be
located so that its relief opening is not less
than 6 inches (150 mm) from any surface
except that of the equipment it serves and
the venting system to which the draft
hood is connected. Where a greater or

lesser clearance is indicated on the
equipment label, the clearance shall not be
less than that specified on the label. Such
clearances shall not be reduced. [NFPA
54: 12.13.7]

510.13 Manually Operated Dampers. A

manually operated damper shall not be placed
in any equipment vent connector. Fixed baffles
shall not be classified as manually operated
dampers. [NFPA 54: 12.14]

510.14 Automatically Operated Vent Dampers.

An automatically operated vent damper shall
be of a listed type. [NFPA 54: 12.15]

510.15 Obstructions. Devices that retard the
flow of vent gases shall not be installed in a vent
comiector, chimney, or vent. The following shall
not be considered as obstructions: [NFPA
54: 12.16]

(1) Draft regulators and safety controls
specifically listed for installation in venting
systems and installed in accordance with the
terms of their listing.

(2) Approved draft regulators and safety
controls designed and installed in accor-
dance with approved engineering methods.

(3) Listed heat reclaimers and automatically
operated vent dampers installed in
accordance with the terms of their listing.

(4) Vent dampers serving listed appliances
installed in accordance with this chapter or
other approved engineering methods.

(5) Approved economizers, heat reclaimers,
and recuperators installed in venting
systems of equipment not required to be
equipped with draft hoods, provided the
gas utilization equipment manufacturer's
instructions cover the installation of such a
device in the venting system and
performance in accordance with Sections
510.3.1 and 510.3.2 is obtained.

51 1 .0 Sizing of Category I Venting Systems.

51 1 .1 These venting tables shall not be used where
obstructions (see Section 510.15) are installed in the
venting system. The installation of vents serving
listed appliances with vent dampers shall be in
accordance with the appliance manufacturer's
instructions or in accordance with the following:
[NFPA 54: 13.1.1]

(1) The maximum capacity of the vent system shall
be determined using the NAT Max column.

(2) The minimum capacity shall be determined as
though the appliance were a fan-assisted
appliance, using the FAN Min column to

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62

WATER HEATERS

511.1

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determine the mininium capacity of the vent
system. Where the corresponding "FAN Min" is
"NA" the vent configuration shall not be per-
mitted and an alternative venting configuration
shall be utilized.

511.1.1 Where the vent size determined from
the tables is smaller than the appliance draft
hood outlet or flue collar, the use of the smaller
size shall be permitted provided that the
installation complies with all of the following
requirements: [NFPA 54: 13.1.2]

(1) The total vent height (H) is at least 10 feet (3 m).

(2) Vents for appliance draft hood outlets or flue
collars 12 inches (300 mm) in diameter or
smaller are not reduced more than one table
size.

(3) Vents for appliance draft hood outlets or flue
collars larger than 12 inches (300 mm) in
diameter are not reduced more than two
table sizes.

(4) The maximum capacity listed in the tables
for a fan-assisted appliance is reduced by
10 percent (0.90 maximum table capacity).

(5) The draft hood outlet is greater than 4 inches
(100 mm) in diameter. Do not connect a 3-inch
(80mm) diameter vent to a 4-inch (100mm)
diameter draft hood outlet. This provision
shall not apply to fan-assisted appliances.

511.1.2 Single-appliance venting configurations
with zero (0) lateral lengths in Tables 5-8, 5-9,
and 5-12 shall have no elbows in the venting
system. For vent configurations with lateral
lengths, the venting tables include allowance for
two 90-degree turns. For each additional elbow up
to and including 45 degrees, the maximum capacity
listed in the venting tables shall be reduced by 5
percent. For each elbow greater than 45 degrees
up to and including 90 degrees, the maximum
capacity listed in the venting tables shall be
reduced by 10 percent. [NFPA 54: 13.1.3]

51 1 .1 .3 Zero (0) lateral (L) shall apply only to a
straight vertical vent attached to a top outlet
draft hood or flue collar. [NFPA 54: 13.1.4]

511.1.4 Sea level input ratings shall be used
when determining maximum capacity for high-
altitude installation. Actual input (derated for
altitude) shall be used for determining minimum
capacity for high-altitude installation. [NFPA 54:
13.1.5]

511.1.5 For appliances with more than one
input rate, the minimum vent capacity (FAN
Min) determined from the tables shall be less
than the lowest appliance input rating, and the
maximum vent capacity (FAN Max/NAT Max)
determined from the tables shall be greater than
the highest appliance rating input. [NFPA 54:
13.1.6]

511.1.6 Listed corrugated metallic chimney
liner systems in masonry chimneys shall be
sized by using Tables 5-8 or 5-9 for Type B vents
with the maximum capacity reduced by 20 percent
(0.80 maximum capacity) and the minimum
capacity as shown in Tables 5-8 or 5-9.
Corrugated metallic liner systems installed with
bends or offsets shall have their maximum
capacity further reduced in accordance with
Section 511.1.2. The 20 percent reduction for
corrugated metallic chimney liner systems
includes an allowance for one long radius 90-
degree turn at the bottom of the liner. [NFPA 54:
13.1.7]

511.1.7 Where the vertical vent has a larger
diameter than the vent connector, the vertical
vent diameter shall be used to determine the
minimum vent capacity, and the connector
diameter shall be used to determine the
maximum vent capacity. The flow. area of the
vertical vent shall not exceed seven times the
flow area of the listed appliance categorized vent
area, flue collar area, or draft hood outlet area
unless designed in accordance with approved
engineering methods. [NFPA 54: 13.1.9]

511.1.8 Connection to Chimney Liners. Connec-
tions between chimney liners and listed double-
wall connectors shaU be made with listed adapters
designed for such purposes. [NFPA 54: 13.1.8]

511.1.9 Vertical Vent Upsizing 7 x Rule. Where
the vertical vent has a larger diameter than the
vent connector, the vertical vent diameter shall be
used to determine the minimum vent capacity, and
the connector diameter shall be used to determine
the maximum vent capacity. The flow area of the
vertical vent shaU not exceed seven times the flow
area of the listed appliance categorized vent area,
flue collar area, or draft hood outlet area unless
designed in accordance with approved engineering
methods. [NFPA 54: 13.1.9]

511.1.10 Draft Hood Conversion Accessories.

Draft hood conversion accessories for use with
masonry chin\neys venting listed Category I fan-
assisted appliances shall be listed and installed in
accordance with the listed accessory manu-
facturers' installation instructions. [NFPA 54:13.1.10]

511.1.11 Tables 5-8 through 5-12 shall be used
for chimneys and vents not exposed to the
outdoors below the roof line. A Type B vent or
listed chimney lining system passing through an
unused masonry chimney flue shall not be
considered to be exposed to the outdoors. A
Type B vent passing through an unventilated
enclosure or chase insulated to a value of not
less than R8 shall not be considered to be
exposed to the outdoors. Table 5-10 in

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63

511.1 -511.2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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combination with Table 5-13 shall be
used for clay-tile-lined exterior masonry
chimneys, provided all of the following are met:
[NFPA 54: 13.1.11]

(1) The vent connector is Type B double wall.

(2) The vent connector length is limited to 1-1/2
feet for each inch (180 mm/mm) of vent
cormector diameter.

(3) The appliance is draft-hood-equipped.

(4) The input rating is less than the maximum
capacity given in Table 5-10.

(5) For a water heater, the outdoor design
temperature shall not be less than 5°F (15°C).

(6) For a space-heating appliance, the input
rating is greater than the minimum capacity
given by Table 5-13.

(7) Where the conditions of (1) through (6)
cannot be met, an alternative venting design
shall be used, such as a listed chimney
lining system.

Exception: Vents serving listed appliances
installed in accordance with the appliance
instructions and the terms of the listing.

51 1.1.12 Corrugated vent connectors shall not be
smaller than the listed appliance categorized
vent diameter, flue collar diameter, or draft
hood outlet diameter. [NFPA 54: 13.1.12]

511.1.13 Vent connectors shall not be upsized
more than two sizes greater than the listed
appliance categorized vent diameter, flue collar
diameter, or draft hood outlet diameter. [NFPA
54: 13.1.13]

511.1.14 In a single run of vent or vent
connector, more than one diameter and type
shall be permitted to be used, provided that all
the sizes and types are permitted by the tables.
[NFPA 54: 13.1.14]

511.1.15 Interpolation shall be permitted in calcu-
lating capacities for vent dimensions that fall
between table entries. (See Part II-Example G.1.3.)
[NFPA 54: 13.1.15]

51 1 .1 .1 6 Extrapolation beyond the table entries
shall not be permitted. [NFPA 54: 13.1.16]

511.1.17 For vent heights lower than 6 feet and
higher than shown in the tables, engineering
methods shall be used to calculate vent capacities.
[NFPA 54: 13.1.17]

511.2 Additional Requirements to IVIultiple
Appliance Vent Table 5-8 through Table 5-22.

511.2.1 Obstructions and Vent Damper.

These venting tables shall not be used where
obstructions (see Section 510.15) are installed
in the venting system. The installation of vents
serving listed appliances with vent dampers

shall be in accordance with the appliance
manufacturers' instructions or in accordance
with the following: [NFPA 54: 13.2.1]

(1) The maximum capacity of the vent
connector shall be determined using the
NAT Max column.

(2) The maximum capacity of the vertical vent
or chimney shall be determined using the
FAN + NAT column when the second
appliance is a fan-assisted appliance, or the
NAT + NAT column when the second
appliance is equipped with a draft hood.

(3) The minimum capacity shall be determined
as if the appliance were a fan-assisted appliance.

(a) The minimum capacity of the vent
connector shall be determined using the
FAN Min column.

(b) The FAN + FAN column shall be used
when the second appliance is a fan-
assisted appliance, and the FAN + NAT
column shall be used when the second
appliance is equipped with a draft
hood, to determine whether the vertical
vent or chimney configuration is not
permitted (NA). Where the vent
configuration is NA, the vent configuration
shall not be permitted and an alter-
native venting configuration shall be
utilized.

51 1 .2.2 The maximum vent connector horizontal
length shall be 18 in. /in. (180 mm/mm) of
connector diameter as shown in Table 5-7.
[NFPA 54: 13.2.2]

51 1 .2.3 The vent connector shall be routed to
the vent utilizing the shortest possible route.
Connectors with longer horizontal lengths than
those listed in Table b-7 are permitted under the
following conditions: [NFPA 54: 13.2.3]

(A) The maximum capacity (FAN Max or NAT
Max) of the vent connector shall be reduced
10 percent for each additional multiple of
the length listed in Table ^-7 . For example,
the maximum length listed for a 4-inches
(100mm) connector is 6 feet (1.8 m). With a
connector length greater than 6 feet (1.8 m) but
not exceeding 12 feet (3.7 m), the maximum
capacity must be reduced by 10 percent
(0.90 maximum vent connector capacity).
With a connector length greater than 12 feet
(3.7 m) but not exceeding 18 feet (5.5 m), the
maximum capacity must be reduced by 20
percent (0.80 niaximum vent capacity).

(B) For a connector serving a fan-assisted
appliance, the minimum capacity (FAN
Min) of the connector shall be determined
by referring to the corresponding single

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64

WATER HEATERS

511.2

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appliance table. For Type B double-wall
connectors. Table 5-8 shall be used. For
single-wall connectors. Table 5-9 shall be
used. The height (H) and lateral (L) shall be
measured according to the procedures for a
single appliance vent, as if the other
appliances were not present.

TABLE 5-7

Vent Connector Maximum Length

[NFPA 54: Table 13.2.2]

Connector Diameter
IVIaximum (in.)

Connector Horizontal
Length (ft.)

5

6

7

8

9

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

4-1/2

6

7-1/2

9

10-1/2

12

13-1/2

15

18

21

24

27

30

33

36

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 f t = 0.305 m.
[NFPA 54: Table 13.2.2]

511.2.4 Where the vent connectors are
combined prior to entering the vertical portion
of the common vent to form a common vent
manifold, the size of the common vent
manifold and the common vent shall be
determined by applying a 10 percent reduction
(.90 X maximum common vent capacity) to the
Common Vent Capacity part of the common
vent tables. The length of the common vent
connector manifold (LM) shall not exceed 18
in. /in. (180 mm/mm) of common vent
connector manifold diameter (D). (See Part II-
Figure G.l(k).) [NFPA 54: 13.2.4]

511.2.5 Where the common vertical vent is
offset, the maximum capacity of the common
vent shall be reduced in accordance with Section
511.2.6, and the horizontal length of the common
vent offset shall not exceed 18 in. /in. (180
mm/mm) of common vent diameter. [NFPA 54:
13.2.5]

51 1 .2.6 For each elbow up to and including 45
degrees in the common vent, the maximum
common vent capacity listed in the venting
tables shall be reduced by 5 percent. For
each elbow greater than 45 degrees up to and
including 90 degrees, the maximum common
vent capacity listed in the venting tables shall be
reduced by 10 percent. [NFPA 54: 13.2.6]

511.2.7 The vent connector capacities listed
in the common vent sizing tables include
allowance for two 90-degree elbows. For each
additional elbow up to and including 45
degrees, the maximum vent connector
capacity listed in the venting tables shall be
reduced by 5 percent. For each elbow greater
than 45 degrees up to and including 90
degrees, the maximum vent connector
capacity listed in the venting tables shall be
reduced by 10 percent. [NFPA 54: 13.2.7]

511.2.8 Common Vent Minimum Size. The

cross-sectional area of the common vent shall be
equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area
of the largest connector. [NFPA 54: 13.2.8]

511.2.9 Tee and Wye Fittings. Tee and wye

fittings connected to a common vent shall be
considered as part of the common vent and
constructed of materials consistent with that of
the common vent. [NFPA 54: 13.2.9]

511.2.10 At the point where tee or wye fittings
connect to a common vent, the opening size of
the fitting shall be equal to the size of the
common vent. Such fittings shall not be
prohibited from having reduced size openings at
the point of connection of appliance vent
connectors. [NFPA 54: 13.2.10]

511.2.11 Sea level input ratings shall be used
when determining maximum capacity for high-
altitude installation. Actual input (derated for
altitude) shall be used for determining minimum
capacity for high-altitude installation. [NFPA 54:
13.2.11]

511.2.12 The connector rise (R) for each
appliance connector shall be measured from the
draft hood outlet or flue collar to the centerline
where the vent gas streams come together.
[NFPA 54: 13.2.12]

511.2.13 For multiple units of gas utilization
equipment all located on one floor, available
total height (H) shall be measured from the
highest draft hood outlet or flue collar up to the
level of the outlet of the common vent. [NFPA
54: 13.2.13]

511.2.14 For multistory instcillations, available
total height (H) for each segment of the system

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65

511 .2 -Figure 5-7

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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shall be the vertical distance between the highest
draft hood outlet or flue collar entering that
segment and the centerline of the next higher
interconnection tee. (See Part Il-Figure G.l(j).)
[NFPA 54: 13.2.14]

511.2.15 The size of the lowest connector and
of the vertical vent leading to the lowest
interconnection of a multistory system shall be
in accordance with Tables 5-8 or 5-9 for available
total height (H) up to the lowest interconnection.
(See Part II-Figure G.l(n).) [NFPA 54: 13.2.15]

511.2.16 Where used in multistory systems,
vertical common vents shall be Type B double-
wall and shall be installed with a listed vent cap.
[NFPA 54: 13.2.16]

511.2.17 Offsets in multistory common vent
systems shall be limited to a single offset in each
system, and systems with an offset shall comply
with all of the following: [NFPA 54: 13.2.17]

(1) The offset angle shall not exceed 45 degrees
from vertical.

(2) The horizontal length of the offset shall not
exceed 18 inches for each inch (180 mm/mm)
of common vent diameter of the segment in
which the offset is located.

(3) For the segment of the common vertical vent
containing the offset, the common vent
capacity listed in the common venting tables
shall be reduced by 20 percent (0.80 x maximum
common vent capacity).

(4) A multistory comrnon vent shall not be
reduced in size above the offset.

511.2.18 Where two or more appliances are
connected to a vertical vent or chimney, the flow
area of the largest section of vertical vent or
chimney shall not exceed seven times the
smallest listed appliance categorized vent areas,
flue collar area, or draft hood outlet area unless
designed in accordance with approved
engineering methods. [NFPA 54: 13.2.18]

511.2.19 For appliances with more than one
input rate, the minimum vent connector capacity
(FAN Min) determined from the tables shall be
less than the lowest appliance input rating, and
the maximum vent connector capacity (FAN Max
or NAT Max) determined from the table shall be
greater than the highest appliance input rating.

[NFPA 54: 13.2.19]

511.2.20 Listed corrugated metallic chimney
liner systems in masonry chimneys shall be
sized by using Tables 5-14 or 5-15 for Type B
vents, with the maximum capacity reduced by
20 percent (0.80 maximum capacity) and the

minimum capacity as shown in Tables 5-14 or
5-15. Corrugated nietallic liner systems installed
with bends or offsets shall have their maximum
capacity further reduced in accordance with
Sections 511.2.5 and 511.2.6. The 20 percent
reduction for corrugated metallic chimney liner
systems includes an allowance for one long
radius 90-degree turn at the bottom of the liner.
[NFPA 54: 13.2.20]

511.2.21 Tables 5-14 and 5-15 shall be used for
chimneys and vents not exposed to the outdoors
below the roof line. A Type B vent passing
through an unventilated enclosure or chase
insulated to a value of not less than R8 shall not
be considered to be exposed to the outdoors.
Tables 5-19 and 5-20 shall be used for clay-tile-
lined exterior masonry chimneys, provided all of
the following conditions are met: [NFPA 54:
13.2.23]

(1) Vent cormector is Type B double-wall.

(2) At least one appliance is draft-hood-
equipped.

(3) The combined appliance input rating is less
than the maximum capacity given by Table
5-19 (for NAT + NAT) or Table 5-21 (for

FAN + NAT).

(4) The input rating of each space-heating
appliance is greater than the minimum
input rating given by Table 5-20 (for
NAT + NAT) or Table 5-21 (for FAN + NAT).

Chimney or gas vent

_...,.

1 1 '1 r 1 I 1 1

1

1 1 t ( ' 1 " 1 ' 1 ' t ' I

JL....1

1 1 1 t 1 i 1 1

,,! 1 - -

FIGURE 5-7 All Combustion Air from Indoor
Spaces through Indoor Combustion Air
Openings. [NFPA 54: Figure A.9.3.2.3(1)]

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nfpa"

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66

WATER HEATERS

511.2-512.0

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(5) The vent connector sizing is in accordance
with Table 5-16.

(6) Where these conditions cannot be met, an
alternative venting design shall be used,
such as a listed chimney lining system.

Exception: Vents serving listed appliances
installed in accordance with the appliance
manufacturers' installation instructions.

51 1 .2.22 Vent connectors shall not be increased
more than two sizes greater than the listed
appliance categorized vent diameter, flue collar
diameter, or draft hood outlet diameter. Vent
connectors for draft-hood-equipped appliances
shall not be smaller than the draft hood outlet
diameter. Where vent cormector sizes determined
from the tables for fan-assisted appliances are
smaller than the flue collar diameter, the use of
the smaller sizes shall be permitted provided
that the installation complies with all of the
following conditions: [NFPA 54: 13.2.24]

(1) Vent connectors for fan-assisted appliance
flue collars 12 inches (300 mm) in diameter
or smaller are not reduced by more than one
table size [e.g., 12 inches to 10 in. (300 mm to
250 mm) is a one-size reduction] and those
larger than 12 inches (300 mm) in diameter
are not reduced more than two table sizes
[e.g., 24 inch to 20 inch (610 mm to 510 mm)
is a two-size reduction].

(2) Fan-assisted appliances are common vented
with a draft-hood-equipped appliance.

(3) The vent connector has a smooth interior
wall.

511.2.23 All combinations of pipe sizes,
single-wall, and double-wall metal pipe shall
be allowed within any connector run or
within the common vent, provided ALL of
the appropriate tables permit ALL of the
desired sizes and types of pipe, as if they
were used for the entire length of the subject
connector or vent. Where single-wall and
Type B double-wall metal pipes are used for
vent connectors within the same venting
system, the common vent must be sized
using Tables 5-15 or 5-17 as appropriate.
[NFPA 54: 13.2.25]

511.2.24 Where a table permits more than one
diameter of pipe to be used for a connector or
vent, all the permitted sizes shall be permitted to
be used. [NFPA 54: 13.2.26]

511.2.25 Interpolation shall be permitted in
calculating capacities for vent dimensions that
faU between table entries. (See Part U Annex G.1.3.)
[NFPA 54: 13.2.27]

511.2.26 Extrapolation beyond the table
entries shall not be permitted. [NFPA 54: 13.2.28]

51 1 .2.27 For vent heights lower than 6 feet and
higher than shown in the tables, engineering
methods shall be used to calculate vent capacities.
[NFPA 54: 13.2.28]

512.0 Direct- Vent Equipment. Listed direct-vent
gas utilization equipment shall be considered
properly vented where installed in accordance with
the terms of its listing, the manufacturers'
instructions, and Section 510.8.3. [NFPA 54: 12.3.5]

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67

Figure 5-8 ~ Figure 5-1 1

UNIFORIVI PLUMBING CODE

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Chimney or ga$ vent

Ventilation touvers
(each end of attte)

Alternate
air iniet

Chimney or gas vent

Ventilation iouvers for
unheated crawl space

FIGURE 5-8 All Combustion Air from Outdoors -
Inlet Air from Ventilated Crawl Space and Outlet
Air to Ventilated Attic. [NFPA 54: Figure
A.9.3.3.1(1)(a)]

Chimney or ps vent

Ventilation louvers
(each end of attic)

FIGURE 5-10 All Combustion Air from Outdoors
through Horizontal Ducts. [NFPA 54: Figure
A.9.3.3.1(2)]

Chimney or gas vent

inlet air diK^
[er«te 1ft (300 iron)
aljove flcwr]

m

I ■ I , I ■ I . I ,1=1

FIGURE 5-9 All Combustion Air from Outdoors
through Ventilated Attic. [NFPA 54: Figure
A.9.3.3.1(1)(b)]

Opening

Alternate
opening
location

FIGURE 5-1 1 All Combustion Air from Outdoors
through Single Combustion Air Opening.
[NFPA 54: Figure A.9.3.3.2]

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68

WATER HEATERS

Figure 5-12 - Figure 5-13

Mechanical
draft \^nt
terminal
(see 5iaai)

Forced air
iniet

Direct vent terminal cleararK^
Minimum clearance, C
Input (Btu/hr) CleargwYce (In.)

10.000 or less

10.001 to 50,000 9
Over 50,000 12
(see 10.8.3)

For SI units: 1 ft = 0.305 m; 1 in. « 25.4 mm;
1 Btu/hr == 0.293 W

FIGURE 5-12 Exit Terminals of Mechanical Draft and Direct- Vent Venting Systems. [NFPA 54: Figure A.12.91

(TC)

99% Winter Design Temperatures for the Contiguous United States

This map is a necessarily generalized guide to temperatures in the contiguous United States. Temperatures shown for areas
such as mountainous regions and large urban centers may not be accurate. The data used to develop this map are from the
1 993 ASHRAE Handbook — Fundamentals (Chapter 24, Table 1 : Climate Conditions for the United States).
For 99% winter design temperatures in Alaska, consult the ASHRAE Handbook — Fundamentals.
99% winter design temperatures for Hawaii are greater than 37°F.

FIGURE 5-13 Range of Winter Design Temperatures Used in Analyzing Exterior Masonry Chimneys in
the United States. [NFPA 54:Figure G.2.4]

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NFPA
NFPA

69

Table 5-8

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 5-8 Type B Double-Wall Gas Vent

Lateral
L

(ft)

Number of Appliances:

Single

Appliance Type:

Category I

Appliimtxv Vent Connection:

Connected Dirertly to Vent

Vent Diameter -

-/>(m.)

3

^

5

^1

7

8

9

Appliance Input Rating

m Tliousiinds of Btu per Hour

H

m

FAN

NAT
Mas

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

;

NAT
Max

FAN , NAT

FAN

NAT
Max'

FAN

■NAT-

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max '

Min Max Max

Min Nia.x

Min

Max

Mas

f>

78

46

152

m

251

.141

375 '

205

524 2a3

698 ,

' 370

897 ■

■ 470

2

13

51

;^6

18

97 ■

m

27

157

!»»5

32

232

157

44 321 2(7

53 425

285

63

543

-.370

4

21

19

;!4

SO

91

64

39

153

103

30

227

'153

66 316 21 1

79 419

279

93

5,36

!562

6

25

4(i

32

36

9}

61

47

149

iO<!

59

223

119,

78 310 205

93 413

273

110

530

,,854

8

84

50

Ho

»4

27(i

155

415 .

^ 235

583 - 320

780

415

10«0

' 537

2

12

57

40

16

109

75

25

178

120

28

263

ISO

42 365 247'

50 483

■ .322,

00

619

4!8

5

23

53

m

32

103

71

42

171

115

53

253

173

70 356 237

S3 473

313

99

607

407

8

28

49

■ 35

39

98

66

51

164

109

64

247

163

84 347 227

99 463

• 303

117

596

, "3^

!0

88

53

175

100

295

. 166

447

253

031 345

847 ;

. 450

1090

- 585

2

12

01

42

17

118

81-

23

194

129

26

289

195

40 462 273

48 533

S.55

57

684

4S7

5

23

57

40

32

N3

77

41

187

124

52

280 ,

188

68 392 263

SI ,322

'fm

93

671

446

10

30

51

3()

41

104

70

54

176

115

67

267

175

88 376 245

104 ,504 •

, 330

122

651

427

15

«

<.t4

58

19i

H2

327

187

502

ate

716 390

970

. .525

1263

(582

2

11

f)0

. 48

15

1,36

■ 93

20

220

150

22

,339

223

38 475 316

43 6,33

414

53

815

544

5

22

05

43

30

130

87

39

219

142

49

330 ,

217

64 463 300

76 620

403

90

800 ■

529

!0

29

59

41

40

121

82

51

206

1»

64

315

im

84 445 288

99 600

386

116

777

507

15

35

53

37

48

112

76

61

195

_ 128

76

301

198

98 429 275

115 580

373

134

7.55

4»1

20

97

61

202

119

349

202

540

~ , -.307

776 4S0

1057

' 575

13S4

'732

2

10

75

51

14

H9

■ 10O

18

250

166

20

377

249

33 531 346

41 711

470

50

917 ■

612

f)

21

71

48

29

143

96

38

242

liKI

47

367

241

62 519 337

73 697

460

86

902

599

10

28

04

44

38

133

89

50

229

150

62

351

22H

SI 499 321

95 675

• 44.3

112

877

576

},'>

34

58

4ft

4!)

124

,84

59

217

142

73

337 ■■

217

94 481 aitH

111 0,54,

■ -427

129

853

557

20

48

52

35

55

no

78

69

200

134

84

322

206

107 464 295

125 634

■410

143

830

537

30

100

m

213

128

374

220

587

. 336

853 475

1173'

650

1548 ■

855

2

9

81

56

13

166

112

14

283

185

18

432

280

27 613 .394

33 826

:533

42

1072 •

im

5

21

77

54'

28

160

108

36

273

176

45

421

273

38 60O 385

69 81 1

,524

82

10.55

' ik^

10

27

70

f.O

37

150

102

48

202

171

59

405

261

77 580 37 t

91 788

507

107

1028

6!)8

ir>

33

f.4

NA

44

141

m

57

249

163

70

389

,249

90 560 357

103 763

• ,490

124

1002

648

20

36

58

NA

53

132

90

66

237

154

80

374

237

102 542 343

119 743

473

139

977

6SS

30

NA

NA

NA

73

113

NA

88

214

NA

104

346

219

131 .507 321

149 792

, -144

171

929

5*1

50

101

07

216

134

397

932

633 ,

3(13

932 518

1297

.708

1730

952

2

8

80

61

1,1

183

122

14

320

206

15

497

314

22 715 445

26 975 ,

615

33

1276 ■

813

5

20

82

■ NA

27

177

no

35

312

200

43

487

308

53 702 ■ , 438

05 960

MJ5

77

1239

798

10

26

70

NA

35

1(>8

114

43

299

■ 190

56

471

298

7.3 681 - 426

86 9.!5

.589

101

12,30

773

15

59

70

NA

42

158

NA

54

287

.180

66

455 ■

, ass

83 662 413

100 911

.572

117

1203

747

20

NA

NA

NA

m

149

NA

63

275

169

76

440

278

97 042 .401'

113 888

356

131

1176

■ 722

30

NA

KA

NA

m

13!

NA-

84

250

,NA

99

410

259

123 605 376

141 84-1

'mi

161

112.5

670

IW)

NA

NA

NA

218

NA

407

,NA

663 ■

400

997 . 560

1411

770

1998

MHO

2

NA

NA

NA

10

194

NA

12

334

NA

13

StWi

375'

18 831 510

21 1 1 55

• 700

23

1536 ,

mh

5

NA

NA

NA

26

189

NA

33

347

. NA

40

557

%m

52 820 504

00 IMl

692

71

1319

926

10

NA

NA

NA

S3

182

NA

43

335

NA

53

542

36!

68 801 49.3

80 1118

* 079

94

1492

910

15

NA

NA

NA

40

174

NA

50

321

NA

62

528

333

80 782 ■ 4«2

93 1093

«i6

109

1463

R93

20

NA

NA

NA

47

lOti

NA

59

311

NA

71

513

344

90 763 471

103 1073

• 6.3:4

122

i4;{8

880

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

78

290

NA

92

483

NA

115 726 449

131 1029

627

149

1387

849

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA,

NA

NA

. NA

147

428

NA

180 051 '405

197 944

,375

217

1288

787

[NlTA54Tablel,3.1<;i)l

70

WATER HEATERS

Table 5-8 continued

Table 5-8 continued

Number of Appliances:

SingI

e

Appliance

T)pe:

Category I

Appliance Vent Connection:

Connected Directly to Vent

Vent Diameter — X) (in. )

10

12

14

U

18

_ «« ,

22

u

Appliance Input Rating in

Thousands of Bt» per Hour

Height Lateral

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN NAT

FAN

NAT

Max

VAH

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
JMbx

Fj«J

NAT
Max

FAN NAT

F.AN NAT

(ft) (ft)

Min

Max

Min

Max Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Miti

Max

Min Max Max

Min

Max Max,

e

1121

570

1645 830

2267

1170

2<)S3

1.530

3802

1960

4721

243t»

3737 29.^)

6833 .3520

2

73

f.75

435

103

982 ■ Ofrf)

!38

I34<)

890

178

1769

liTW

225

2250

148?)

2<K»

2782

la30

3W) .3377 Ti20

426

40.30 2670

4

110

BtiH

445

147

975 640

191

1338

880

242

1761

im>

3(.K!

2242

147.3

390

2774

1835

4<;9 3370 2215

.553

4023 2660

6

128

frfil

435

171

967 630

219

1330

»70

276

1733

1150

341

2233

1470

437

2767

1820

.323 3363 '2210

618

4017 26.30

8

1261

660

1858 970

2371

1320

3399

1740

4333

2220

3.387

2730

6355 .3360

7838 4010

2

71

770

513

98

1134 743

130

1543

1020

168

20,30

1340

212

2584

1700

278

3196

2110

,336 .3882 2.360

401

4634 .3050

3

115

75K

503

154

1110 ,733

199

1528

1010

251

2013

1330

311

2.5((3

1683

.398

3180

2090

476 .3863 2.345

362

4612 .3040

8

137

740

490

180

1097 720

231

1314

.iO(H»

289

2000

!320

3.54

23,52

1670

450

3163

2070

337 .1830 ' 2330

630

1602 :«)30

10 (>

1377

720

2036 1060

2825

i
:i450

3742

1923

4782

2430

59.5.3

30.30

72.34 3710

86.S2 44m)

2

m

852

560

93

1214 850

124

1713

il3i!

161

2256

HHO

202

2868

1890

264

3536

2340

319 4322 284!>

378

5153 .3.390

5

112

83U

347

149

1229 829

192

1690

1103

243

2238

146!

300

2849

187!

382

3336

2S18

4.58 4301 2818

.340

31.32 .3,371

10

J42

817

523

187

1204 795

238

1069

wm

298

2209

1430

364

2818

18-10

4.39

.3.504

2280

546 4268 2780

641

.3099 ,3340

15

15<!{i

840

2380 1240

3323

\m

4423

2270

5678

2900

709!;)

.3620

(» 8663 4410

10„393 ,3.300

2

t)3

lOiy

B73

86

1495 985

114

2062

i35ff

147

2719

1770

186

3467

'/am

239

4304

2800

290 5232 3410

346

6231 4080

3

103

mi-i

rni

140

1476 907

182

204!

!327

229

2696

!748

283

3442

2235

3.55

427H

2777

426 5204 3385-

501

6222 4057

10

135

977

635

177

1446 936

227

2009

1^9

283

26,59

1712

346

3402

2193

432

4234

2739

510 3159 ' 3343

.599

6175 4019

13

153

y33

010

202

1418 903

237

1976

12S0

318

2623

1675

385

.3,363

2130

479

4192

2700

.364 5115 '3300

665

6129 3980

20

1730

«30

2637 1350

3701

1900

4948

2520

6.376

mm

7988

4060

9785 4980

11,733 6000

2

59

1150

753

81

1694 1100

107

2343

!520

139

3097

2«i0

173

39.35

2.370

220

4916

3200

269 .3983 3910

321

71.34 4700

->

101

1 133

738

135

1674 1079

174

2320

1498

219

;i071

1978

270

3926

2344

.337

4883

.3174

403 .39.50 3880

475

7119 4662

10

KM

1 105

710

172

HHl 1045

220

2282

1460

273

,3029

1940

334

3880

23m)

113

4835

3!S0

189 5896 38.30

573

7063 4000

15

150

1078

fi88

195

1(509 1018

248

2243

.1425

306

2',)88

1910

372

3835

2463

4.39

4781)

Mm

34! .384! ,3795

631

7007 437.3

20

167

1032

OKi

217

1578 990

273

2210

.1390

335

2948

!880

404

3791

24,30

495

4737

.10,50

.385 5792 .3760

689

69,33 4rm

30

1977

itKifl

3004 4530

4Z52

2170

5725

2920

7420

.3770

9341

47.30

11,483 mm

1,3,848 ' 7060

2

54

135!

865

74

2004 !3iO

98

2786

1800

127

3696

2380

1.59

4734

3030

199

.3900

.3810

211 7194 46.30

283

8617 .3600

5

90

1332

851

127

1981 J289

161

2759

!775

206

36(ir,

2350

252

4701

3020

312

3863

.3783

373 7155 .1622

439

8574 5532

10

123

1301

829

164

UM4 1234

209

2716

1733

239

3617

2300

316

4647

2970

38{)

.5803

,3739,

456 7m)0 4.374

335

8.505 .3471

15

143

1272

mi

187

1(M)S 1220

237

2674

i<i92

292

3570

22r>(»

354

4594

2920

431

5744

.3693 ■

.307 7026 4327

.390

8437 ,3391

20

ffiO

1243

784

207

1873 1185

260

2633

1630

319

3523

22(Mi

384

4542

2«70

467

.3686

.3a30

.348 6964 4480

639

8370 .3310

30

195

1189

745

246

1807 1130

:»)5

2535

ISHS

369

3433

2130

440

4442

2783

540

.3574

.3.365

635 6842 4375

7,39

8239 .322,3

50 ,

2231

1195

3141 1823

4934

'2350

671 1

31440

8774

4460

1

1.129

363.3

13,767 6940

16.694 8430

2

41

1{)20

!01U

66

2431 1513

86

3409

2123

113

4351

2840

141

.5864

S670

171

7339

4i>m

209 8980 3695

251

10,788 68C0

■ f>

<J0

1600

95M)

118

2406 1495

131

3380

2102

191

4520

2813

234

582()

3689

283

7295

4597

3.36 8933 36.34

394

10,737 f 6818

10

UH

1307

972

154

2366 (4f>6

196

3332

2064

243

4464

2767

295

.5763

3,383

335

7224

4342

419 8853 . ,5585

491

10.6.32 6749

15

136

1536

948

177

2327 1437

222

3285

2026

274

4409

2721

3.30

3701

3534

396

7155

4511

465 8779 5.546'

.342

10,570 6710

20

15!

1303

924

195

2288 1408

244

3239

i987

300

43,16

2675

361

5641

3481

433

7086

4479

506 870-1 , 5506

.386

10,488 6670

30

183

1446

876

232

2214 1349

287

3150

,1910

,347

4253

26SI

412

.5523

3431

494

0953

4421

377 8357 S444

672

10,328 6603

100

249!

1310

3925 2030

r.729

wm

7914

4030

10.483

5860

13,454

6700

016,817 8600'

i
20,578 10,300,

2

30

1973

1170

44

3027 1820

72

4313

2550

93

5834

SalM!

120

7391

4600

1.38

9377

.3H<m

169 1 1.803 7af»

204

14,261 88(M)

5

82

1955

1159

107

■mn 1803

136

4282

233!

172

5797

3475

208

75 !8

4.366

245

9.328

.5769

293 11,748 7162

341

14,204 87.36

10

108

lyj:,

1142

142

2961 .i775

180

423!

tm)

223

5737

3434

2(i8

7478

4.309

318

9147

.5717

374 11.6.38 7100

436

14,103 8683

15

126

1892

1124

163

2920 1747

206

4182

2469

252

3678

3392

304

7409

4451

3.38

9367

r>66,3

4 18 11, .369 70.37

487

11,007 • 8610,

20

MJ

1861

1107

181

2880 Ills

226

4133

2438

277

.56 i 9

3951

3.30

7341

4.394

.387

9289

.5613

4.52 11.4.32 6975

523

13,910 8537

30

170

1802

107!

2!5

280S 1663

205

4037

2373

319

5505

3267

378

7209

4279

446

9136

5Sf!9

314 1 1.310 <«!IS«

.392

13,720 8391

50

241

l<i8S

iooo

292

2637 1950

350

3856

2250

4!3

3289

3!00

486

69.56

40.%

572

8841

.530(1

6.39 10,979 mm

752

13,.»4 810(1

For Sr miit-s, 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 ft = 0.30.5 in, 1000 Blii/hr- = 0.293 kW^ 1 iii.'-^ = 64.5 mnr.
[NFPA 54 Table 13.1(a)]

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

71

Table 5-9

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 5-9 Type B Double-WaU Vent

Lateral
I

(ft)

Niniiber of

Appliances:

SingI

e

AppI

lancc Type:

Category I

Appliance Vent Connci

(ion:

SingI

eWall Metal Connector

Veni Diameter

-Dim.)

3

4

S

6

7

8

9

ID

12

Appliance Input Rating in ITjoiisands of Btu per

Hour

Height
H

(ft)

FAN

HAT

.Max

FAN

NAT'
Max'

FAN

NAT
Mas

FAN NAT_

FAN

NAT~
Msix-

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT-
Max

FAN

NAT

Urn

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

MhJ

Max Max

Mill

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

-Maxj

6

38

77

: 45

59

151

85

85

249

HO

126

373 tm

165

522

284

211

695

369

267

894

469

,371

i1l8

369

537

1639

849

2

39

51

36

m

90

m

85

156

'.94

123

231 136

159

.320

213

201

423

284

251

.541

,3(58

347

673

453

498

979

648

4

NA

NA

33

74

92

63

102

152

102

146

225 152

187

313

208

237

416

277

295

533

.360

409

664

443

584

971

6S8

6

NA

NA

31

83

89

60

114

147

m

163

220 148

207

307

203

263

409

271

327

526

352

449

656

433

638

962

627

8

37

8,3

50

58

104

93

S3

273

1.54

123

412 ; 234

IRl

58(t

Si9

200

777

414

258

1002

.536

360

!2.57

658

.521

1852

967

%

39

56

, m

59

i08

75

83

J 70

119

121

201 179

155

363

2<W>

197

482

,321

246

617

417

339

768

,513

486

1 120

743

5

NA

NA

37

77

102

m

i07

108

114

15!

2,52 .171

193

3.52

235

24.5

470

sn

305

604

4«4

418

754

'300

598

1104

790,

8

NA

NA

33

yo

95

^

122

Ifil

107

175

243 163

223

.342

225

280

4.58

300

344

.591

.392

470

740

486

665

1089

715

]0

37

S7

53

57

174

m

82

293

165

120

444 254

158

628

344

202

844

449

253

1093

.584

351

1373

718

r.07

2031

1057.

2

39

01

41

59

117

m

82

193

1S8

119

287 194,

1.53

400

272

193

535

.354

242

681

4S6

332

849

.559

475

1242

848

5

52

56

■39

7fi

111

70

105

185

122

148

277 186

190

388

201

241

518

344

299

607

443

409

834

544

,584

1224

825-

10

NA

NA

34

97

190

08

132

171

U2

188

261 ■ 171

237

309

241

290

497

.325

363

013

423

492

808

,.520

088

1194

788

\5

()

?*

93

57

50

190

U'l

80

325

186

116

499 2^3

153

713

. 3RS

195

906

.523

244

12.59

681

3.36

1,591

838

488

2374

J237

2

3,S

m

47

57

130

93

8(t

225

1-19

115

337 224

148

■173

3J4

187

631

413

232

812

.543

319

1015

673

4,57

149!

t«3

5

51

03

44

75

128

80

102

210

140

144

326 217

182

4,59

298

231

016

400

287

795

526

.392

997

657

.562

1469

963

10

NA

NA

39

95

110

79

128

201

131

182

308 203

228

4;»i

284

284

.592

3S1

349

768

301

470

906

628

664

1433

928

15

NA

NA

-NA

NA

NA

72

158

180

- 124

220

2U0 192

272

418

269

334

.508

367

4rH

712

4«4

540

937

601

730

1399

894

20

35

yfi

60

54

200

118

"!<

340

20!

114

537 300

149

772

428

190

10.53

.573

238

1379

7SI)

326

175!

927

473

2631

1,346'

2

37

74

59

50

118

99

78

218

,165

113

375 248

114

528

344

182

708

468

227

914

6H

,309

1146

754

443

1689

1098

5

50

OH

,4"

73

140

94

100

239

158

14!

303 239

178

514

334

224

092

4r»-

279

896

'■m

381

1126

7,H4

547

I6C5

1074'

10

NA

NA

41

93

129

80

125

223

HO

177

344 224

222

491

316

277

606

437

339

806

370

457

1092

702

640

1626

1037

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

SO

155

208

136

216

325 - 210

264

469

301

325

04O

419

393

838

549

.526

!0(iO

677

730

1587

100.5

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

!K0

192

120

2.54

.306 196

809

448

285

374

016

400

448

810

.526

592

1028

6.51

80S

1.550

973

SO

31

m

63

53

211

la-

76

372

2W

110

584 334

144

849

472

181

1108

647

229

1542

8S2

312

1971

1056

4.54

2996

1345

2

37

80

56

55

104

in

70

2Si

183

109

429 279

139

010

-392

175

823

.533

219

1069

698

2lH)

1346

863

424

1999

1.308

5

49

74

52

72

157

HlO

98

271

173

136

417 271

171

.595

3«2

215

806

,521

269

1049

rm

3fi6

1324

846

,524

1971

1283

10

NA

NA

NA

91

144

m

122

255

108

171

397 257

213

570

367

265

777

.501

327

1017

(«>2

440

1287

821

620

1927

1243'

15

NA

NA

NA

1!5

131

NA

151

2.39

■157

20.S

377 242

2,55

547

349

312

750

481

379

9.85

638

507

1251

794

702

1884

,1205

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

181

223

NA

246

357 228

298

524

333

360

723

461-

433

955

61.5

570

1216

7(j8

780

1841

1166

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

N.\

NA

NA

NA NA

389

477

.303

461

070

420

.541

895

.574

704

1147

730

9.37

1759

llOi

50

33

<»)

m

51

213

133

73

394

230

105

629 361

138

928

5i'5

176

1292

704

220

1724

948

295

2223

■1!«9

428

3432

1818

2

»>

S4

in-

53

181

12!

73

318

203

104

495 312

J 33

712

413

108

97J

613

209

1273

811

280

!615

1007

401

2120

IS09

5

48

80

NA

70

!74

117

9t

308

198

131

482 305

104

096

435

201

9.53

602

257

12.52

Tfr.

347

1591

991

496

2396

1490

10

NA

NA

NA

89

iOO

NA

lis

292

■1R6

102

401 2S>2

203

071

420

2.53

923

r.83

313

1217

765

418

1551

963

,589

2347

14.55

15

NA

NA

NA

112

I4H

NA

145

275

174

199

441 ' 281)

244

046

. 403

2<.)9

894

sr.2

.363

11. S3

736

48!

1512

934

668

2299

1421

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

170

257

NA

230

420 - 267

285

622

38«t

.345

806

.543

415

11.50

70,3

544

1473

906

741

225!

1387.

.".0

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

315

376 NA

373

573

NA

442

809

.502

.521

10,30

649

674

1399

848

892

2159

J. 318

KK)

NA

NA

NA

49

2H

NA

00

403

,KA

100

(KiO 3<.}5

131

991

'',.555

166

1401

7fri

207

19<t0

1033

273

2179

1300

395

.3912

2fM2

2

NA

NA

NA

51

192

NA'

70

351

NA

98

503 373

125

828

'.508

158

11,52

698

196

I5.'>2

933

259

1970

1168

.371

.302!

1817

5

NA

NA

-NA

67

180

NA

90

342

NA-

125

.551 366

1.50

813

£501

194

1134

688

240

1,511

921

322

1945

1153

4tHI

2990

1796

10

NA

NA

NA

85

175

NA

11.3

324

NA'

153

532 3.54

191

789

:486-

2.38

1104

672

2'.)3

1477

902

.389

1905

1533

.547

293S

1763'

15

NA

NA

NA

132

102

NA

138

310

• NA

188

511 343

230

764

;473

281

1075

65ft

342

1443

^4

447

1805

1110

618

2888

1730

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

108

295

NA

224

487 NA

270

7.39

4.58

323

1046

639

.391

1410

864

.507

1825

1087

690

2838

inm

SO

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

231

204

•KA

301

448 NA

3.55

685

. NA

418

988

NA

491

1.143

824

031

i747

104!

8.34

2739

1627

50

NA

NA

NA

N\

NA

NA

NA

iNA

NA

NA

NA NA

540

584

,NIA

617

806

NA

711

1205

NA

895

1591

HA

1138

2547

1489

For SI unite, 1 in. = 25.4 mm, I ft = O.mh m, 1000 Btii/hr = 0.293 kW, 1 in.^ = 64.5 mm-.
[NFPA 54 Table 13.1(b)}

72

WATER HEATERS

Table 5-10

Table 5-10 Masonry Chimney

Number of Appliaaces:

SingI

e

Appliance

Type:

Category I

Appliance Vent Cotuicction:

Typ« B Double-Wall Connector

Type B Double-WaU Comiector Diameter — D (in. )

■^ight Lateral
« i.

ft) (ft)

To be u-scd with chimney atcm within tite size limits at bottom

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12

AppI

iance

Input Rating

in Thousands of Btu per

Hotir

H

FAN

NAT

FAN

MAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

HAT
Max

FAN NAT

FAN

NAT
Ikfax

FAN,

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT

Min

Max

Min

Max

Miii

Max

Min

Max

Mill

Max Max

Min Max

Min

Max

Min

Max '

Min

Max

Max

6

a

NA

NA

, »

NA

NA

-,2

NA

NA

m

NA

NA

ISO

NA

NA lai'

NA NA

247

NA

NA

320

NA

NA

401

NA

N,\

.581

')

NA

NA

'3

NA

NA

41»

NA

NA

m

NA

NA

117

NA

NA |f.5

NA NA

231

NA

NA

298

NA

NA

376

NA

.N.\

.56!

8

2

NA

NA

29

NA

NA

' 55

NA

N.\

t)9

NA

NA

143

N'A

NA im

N.\ NA

•im

84

.590

350

100

728

44<>

1.39

1024

651

5

NA

NA

26

NA

NA

52

NA

NA

8R

NA

NA

i:i4

NA

NA 1S3

NA NA

247

NA

NA

328

140

711

423

201

1007

640

8

NA

NA

24

NA

NA

4H

NA

NA

as

NA

NA

127

NA

NA 175

NA NA

239

NA

NA

318

173

«i95

410

231

990

623

fO

'2

NA

NA

SI

NA

NA

m

NA

NA

H«

NA

NA

1<»2

NA

NA 221

(\S 5 to

2»«

82

653

38H

98

810

491-

136

1144

724

:,

NA

NA

as

NA

NA

Tu

NA

N\

<«->

NA

NA

14S

NA

NA a04

NA NA

277

12*

638

'Mih

146

791

4<i0

196

1124

712

10

NA

NA

*&

NA

NA

50

NA

NA

m

•NA

NA

1S9

NA

NA 191

NA NA

263

1.55

610

347

182

762

444

240

1093

668

15

2

NA

NA

»

NA

NA

m

NA

NA

114

NA

NA

17S»

.')3

475 2Bft

M M'.S

336

77

770

441

02

9t>8

,'562

127

1376

,841

3

NA

NA

sr.

NA

NA

62

NA

NA

H!"

NA

NA

l(>4

NA

NA 231

y» 5y-i

31,3

118

759

416

J 39

916 .

533

186

13.52

828

10

NA

NA

28

NA

NA

Tm

NA

NA

07

NA

NA

133

NA

NA I'lfi

12fi .5(>5

zm

148

727

394

173

912

.567

229

1315

777

i:.

NA

NA

.NA

NA

NA

4M

NA

NA

m

NA

NA

141

NA

NA 201

NA NA

281

171

6'J8

375

108

880

485

2.59

1280

742

20

2

NA

NA

m

NA

NA

74

NA

NA

124

NA

NA

S«l

:>i

.522 274

(il f.78

375

7,3

867

401

87

1083 ■

627

121

1548

9.53

.-J

NA

NA

36

NA

NA

• m

NA

NA

116

NA

NA

184

80

503 ,254

93 658

350

113

843

463

133

10.59

597

179

1523

933

iO

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

60

NA

N.\

107

NA

NA

172

NA

NA 237

122 027

332

143

8U

440

167

1022

, .560

221

1482

• 879

15

NA

NA

■NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

J1-

NA

NA

ir>9

NA

NA 220

NA NA

314

105

780

418

191

987

.541

25 1

1443

840

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

m

NA

NA

\m

NA

N.\ 206

NA NA

2«»

186

750

3517

214

955

513

277

1406

-807

30

2

NA

NA

41

NA

NA

82

NA

NA

!37

NA

NA

2ir»

47

581 ms

57 762

421

68

'085

558

81

1240

717

111

1793

1112

5

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

76

NA

NA

15>S

NA

NA

im

75

561 281

<K( 741

:«■«

106

962

526

125

1216

683

169

1766

1094

iO

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

67

NA

-NA

115

NA

NA

im

NA

NA 2Ba

1 15 701.1

a73

135

927

5<J0

158

1176

'6'18

210

1721

1025

15

NA

NA

N.\

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

107

NA

NA

171

NA

NA 243

NA NA

353

156

893

47(i

181

11.39

621

239

1679

981

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA.

NA

yi

NA

NA

}r»3

"NA

NA 227

NA NA

332

176

860

450

203

1 103

,592

264

1638

940

30

NA

NA

NA

KA

NA

NA

NA

N\

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA las

NA NA

3^

NA

NA

416

249

1035

553

318

ISW)

, 877

30

2

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

92

NA

.NA

lisi

NA

NA

ZH

NA

NA ,3,51

51 SIO

477

01

1 100

633

72

1413

812

99

20.S0

12<13

,7

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

ir>t

NA

NA

230

NA

NA 323

83 819

445

as

1083

596

110

13H7

774

1.55

2052

JS25

10

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

138

NA

NA

at. 5

NA

NA :504

NA NA

424

126

1047

567

147

1347

733

195

20(M>

1147

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

127

NA

NA

IWJ

NA

NA 2S2

N.\ NA

WO

146

I0!0

539

170

1307

702

222

1961

1099

20

NA

NA

N.A

NA

•NA

NA.

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

185

NA

NA 264

NA NA

376

165

977

511

190

1269

669

246

1916

1050

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA NA

NA NA

327

NA

NA

468

233

1 191)

623

295

1832

984

Minimum

12

ly

28

m

Mi

63

78

95

132

internal

area of

chimney

(in.^) '

Maximum

49

88

l;17

nw

2r.<)

332

445

5.'K)

792

internal

area of

chimnev

For SI units, 1 in. = 2.5.4 mm, 1 ft = Q3Q') m, 1000 Btu/Iir = 0.293 kW, 1 in.*^ = 645 mm^.
[NFPA 54 Table 13.1 (c)l

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

73

Table 5-1 1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 5-1 1 Masonry Chimney

Ninnber of Appliances:

SingI

e

Appliance Type:

Category I

Appliance

Vent Connection:

Single-Wall Metal Connector

Single-Wal

Metal Connector Diameter — 1> (in.)

ight Lateral
H L

To be used with chimney

areas tfithin the mx limits at bottom

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12

Appliance Input Rating in TfaousancU of Btu per Hour

H<

(ft) <ft>

FAN

NAT
Max

PAN

NAT
Max-

FAN

NAT

FAM NAT

FAN NAT

FAN NAT

FAN NAT

FAN

NAT

FAN

NAT

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

MaxJMax

Min

Max Mtat

Min

Max Max

Min

Max Max

Mm

Max

Max

Min

Max

Max

6

2

NA

NA

28

NA

NA

52

NA

NA

86

NA

NA ; 130

NA

NA 180

NA

NA 247

XA

NA 319

NA

NA

400

NA

NA

580

5

NA

NA

25

N,.\

NA

48

XA

NA

8i

NA

XA 116

NA

NA • 164

NA

NA ' 230

NA

NA 297

NA

XA

375

NA

NA

360

8

2

NA

NA

29

NA

NA

55

NA

NA

93

NA

NA , 145

NA

NA 1»7

NA

NA 263

NA

NA 349

382

725

, '445

349

1021

630

5

NA

NA

*»

NA

NA

5i

NA

NA

87

NA

\A ; 133

NA

NA , 182

NA

NA 246

NA

NA 327

NA

NA

•iTi

673

1(M)3

■638

8

NA

NA

23

NA

NA

47

NA

NA

«2

NA

NA • 126

NA

NA ; 174

NA

NA 237

XA

NA 317

NA

NA

408

747

985

621'

10

2

NA

NA

31

NA

NA

61

NA

NA

102

NA

XA 'i 16i

NA

NA 220

210

518 297

271

654 387

373

808

480

336

1142

722

5

NA

NA

28

NA

NA

56'

NA

NA

95

NA

NA \ 147

NA

NA 203

NA

NA 276

334

635 564

459

789

465

057

1121

710

10

NA

NA

24

NA

XA

4»

NA

NA

815

NA

NA : 1S7

NA

XA {8S

NA

NA 265

NA

NA • 343

347

758

441

771

1088

663

15

2

NA

NA

sr.

NA

XA

57

NA

NA

as

NA

\A 178

1(56

473 241)

211

611 333

264

776 44«»

362

965

bm

520

1373

840

5

NA

NA

32

NA

NA

61

NA

NA

lOfi

NA

XA - lf.3

NA

NA 230

261

591 312

325

755 414

444

942

531

637

1348

825

10

NA

XA

27

NA

NA

M

NA

NA

96

NA

XA . 151

NA

NA 214

NA

NA 294

392

722 392

531

907

304

749

1309

.774

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

XA

46

NA

NA

" m

NA

NA ■ 138

NA

NA 198

NA

NA 278

452

692 _ 372

606

873

481

841

1272

■738

a)

2

NA

XA

38

NA

XA

73

NA

NA

123

NA

NA M)

163

520 273

206

673 374

258

864 mi

232

1079

025

508

1541

930

5

NA

NA

35

NA

NA

67

NA

NA

-115

NA

XA . 183

NA

NA . 252

255

655 348

317

842 461

433

1055

594

623

1518

9»

10

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

59

NA

NA

103

NA

NA 170

NA

NA 2S5

312

622 330

382

806 , 437

517

1016

562

733

1475

873

15

NA

XA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

<)5

NA

NA ; 156

NA

NA , 217

NA

NA 311

442

773 , 414

391

979

539

823

1434

835

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

80

NA

XA ; 144

NA

NA 202

XA

NA 292

XA

XA 392

663

944

510

911

1394

800

30

2

NA

NA

41

NA

NA

SI

NA

NA

136

NA

NA '- 215

158

578 302

200

759 420

249

982 556

340

1237

715

489

178<)

1110

5

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

75

NA

NA

127

NA

NA : 196

NA

NA - -m

245

737 391

3f)6

958 524

417

1210

680

600

1760

109(j(

10

\A

NA

NA

NA

NA

06

NA

NA

IIS

NA

NA - 182

NA

NA . 2<J0

300

703 37ft

370

920 496

500

1168

644

70S

1713

1020

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

105

NA

NA ■ 168

NA

NA 240

NA

NA 349

428

884 , 471

572

1128

. 615

798

1668

•975

%)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

m

NA

NA ! 153

NA

XA 223

NA

NA ■ 327

NA

NA 445

643

1089

385

883

1624

932

SO

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

XA

NA

XA ► NA

NA

NA l«2

NA

NA ; 281

NA

NA 408

NA

XA

544

1055

1539

885

50

2

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

m

NA

NA

HiO

NA

NA 250

NA

NA S50

191

837 4"5

238

1103 631

323

1408

810

463

207(1

1240

5

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

XA

NA

149

NA

NA < 228

NA

NA 321

NA

NA 442

293

1078 593

398

1381

770

571

2044

1220

10

NA

NA

NA

NA

XA

NA

XA

NA

136

NA

NA 212

NA

NA 301

NA

NA ■ 420

355

1038 562

447

1337

728

674

1994

1140

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

124

NA

NA ' 195

NA

NA 278

XA

NA 393

NA

NA 333

546

1294

695

761

1945

1090

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

XA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA . 180

NA

NA 25«

NA

NA 370

NA

NA 5ft4

616

1251

660

844

1898

1040

;!0

NA

NA

NA

NA

XA

Sa

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA NA

NA

NA ■ NA

NA

NA 318

NA

NA 458

NA

NA

610

1009

1805

970

Minimum

12

19

28

38 '

50

63

7«

93

132

internal are'A

of chimney

,^

Maximiim

49

m

137

I9S

269 ,

352

445

350

792

internal area

of chimney

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 ft = 0..«505 m, 1000 Btu/hr = 0.293 kW, 1 in.'^ = 645 mm^.
[NFPA 54 Table 13.1(d)]

74

WATER HEATERS

Table 5-12

Table 5-12 Single-Wall Metal Pipe or Type B Asbestos Cement Vent

Number of Appliances:

Single

Appliance Type:

Draft Hood-Equipped

Appliance Vent Connection:

Connected Directly to Pipe or Vent

Diameter - U (in. )

lateral
L

(ft)

To be used witfi chimney areas ttitfain the size limits at bottom

3

4

5

6

7

8

10

12

Height
H

(ft)

Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour

Maximum i^pliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour

6

39

70

116

170

232

312

500

750

2

31

55

94

Ml

194

260

415

620

5

28

51

88

128

177

242

390

600

8

4.2

76

126

185

252

340

542

815

2

32

61

102

154

210

284

451

680

5

29

56

95

141

194

264

4$()

<>48

10

24

49

86

131

180

250

406

625

10

45

84

138

202

279

372

606

912

2

3a

67

HI

168

233

311

505

7()0

5

32

61

104

153

215

289

.480

724

10

27

54

94

143

200

274

455

700

15

NA

46

84

130

186

258

432

666

15

49

91

151

223

312

420

684

1040

2

39

72

122

186

260

350

570

865

5

35

67

110

170

240

325

540

825

10

30

58

105

158

223

308

514

795

15

NA

50

93

144

207

291

488

760

20

NA

NA

82

132

195

273

466

726

20

53

101

163

252

342

470

770

11<W

2

42

80

136

210

286

392

641

990

5

38

74

123

192

264

364

610

945

10

32

65

115

178

246

345

571

910

13

NA

55

104

163

228

326

550

870

20

NA

NA

91

149

214

306

525

832

30

56

108

183

276

384

529

878

1370

2

44

84

148

230

320

441

730

1140

5

NA

78

137

210

296

410

694

1080

10

NA

68

125

196

274

388

656

1050

15

NA

NA

113

177

258

366

625

1000

20

NA

NA

99

163

240

34.4

596

960

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

192

295

540

890

50

NA.

120

210

310

443

590

980

1550

2

NA

95

171

260

370

492

820

1290

5

■ NA

.NA

159

234

342

474

780

1230

10

NA

NA

146

221

318

456

730

1190

15

NA

NA

NA

200

292

407

705

1130

20

NA

NA

NA

185

276

384

670

1080

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

222

330

605

1010

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 ft

[NFPA 54 Table 13.1(e)]

■■ O..S05 m, 1000 Btu/hr = 0.293 \\\', 1 in.'' = 645 mm-.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

75

Table 5-13

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 5-13 Exterior Masonry Chimney

Number of Appliances:

Appliance Type:

Appliance Vent Connection:

Single

Type B Double-Wall Connector

SPECIAI. USE: Minimiun ^Utowable Input Rating

of Space-Heating Appliance in

11iODsan(k of Btu per Hour

Vent Height
H

(ft)

Internal Area of Chimney (in.'')

12

19

28

38

50

63

78

113

Local 99% winter design temperaCttre: 37°1*

or greater

6

8

iO

15

NA

20

NA

NA

123

190

249

184

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

393

334

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

579

I

.«x-al 99%

winter design

teniperaune: 27°F to 36°F

6

68

116

156

180

212

266

8

82

127

167

187

214

263

iO

51

9*7

141

183

201

225

265

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

233

253

274

305

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

307

330

362

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

419

445

485

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

xNA

765

1

.ocal 99%

winter design teinperaiure; 17

F to 26^

6

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

215

259

349

8

NA

NA

NA

NA

J97

226

264

352

10

NA

NA

NA

NA

214

245

278

358

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

296

331

398

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

352

387

457

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

507

581

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Local 99%

winter desigr

temperature: a"

Ftol6°F

6

NA

NA,

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

416

8

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

312

423

10

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

289

331

430

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

393

485

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

450

547

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

682

50

NA

NA,

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

972

Local 99%

winter design

tempeiature: -10"F to 4"F

6

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA,

NA

484

8

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

494

10

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

513

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

586

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA'

650

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

805

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

1003

lx>cal 99% wnter design temperature: -1 1

°F or low

ex

Not rccommcjided foi

any vent configi

rations

Ft:>r SI units, 1 in. - 25.4 mm, 1 in." - 645 mm^ 1 ii = 0.305 m, 1000 Bin per hr = 0.293 kVV, "C - ("F - 32)/l .8.
Note: Stie Figure G.2.4 for a map .showing local 99 percent winter design temperatiire.s in the United States.
[NFPA 54 Table 13.1(f)]

76

WATER HEATERS

Table 5-14

Table 5-14 Type B Bouble-WaU Vent

Number of Appliances:

Two or More

Appliance Type:

Category I

Appliance Vent Connection:

Type B Doublc-WaJl Connector

Vent Connector Capacity

Type

B Doirbie-Wall Vent and Connector Diameter —

DCui.)

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Vent

Appliance Inpvtt Rating

Limits in Thousands of Btu per Hour

Height
»

(ft)

Rise
R

(ft)

FAN NAT

FAN

NTAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT

Max

FAN NAT

FAN

NAT

FAN

NAT

Min

Max Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

\tax

Min

Max Max

Min

Max

Max Min

Max

Max

6

1

22

37 2fi

35

66

46

46

106

72

58

Kvl

104

77

225

■142

92

296 183

im^

376

237

!28

466

' 289

2 ,

23

41 31

37

75

53

48

121

86

60

183

124

79

253

•168

95

333 220

112

424

282

131

526

345

3

24

44 35

38

81

62

49

132

96

62

199

139

82

275

189

97

363 • 248

114

463

317

134

575

386

8

1

22

40 27

35

72

48

49

114

76

64

176

109

84

243

148

100

320 194

118

408

'248

138

507

303

2

23

44 ,32

36

80

57

51

128

90

66

195

129

86

269

175

103

356 230

121

454

294

141

564

858

3

24

47 3fi

37

87

M

53

139

101

67

210

145

88

290

19H

105

384 258

123

492

330

143

612

402

10

1

22

43 28

34

78

50

49

123

78

65

189

113

89

257

154

106

341 200

125

436

257

146

542

314

2

23

47 33

36

86

m

51

136

93

67

2(K>

134

91

282

182

109

374 238

128

179

305

149

596

•372

3

24

50 37

37

92

m

52

146

104

69

220

150

94

303

205

111

402 268

131

515

342

152

fi-12

417

15

1

21

50 ■ 30

33

89

53

47

142

83

64

220

120

88

298

163

110

389 214

134

493

273

162

609

333

2

22

53 35

35

96

63

49

153

99

66

235

142

91

320

193

112

419 253

137

532

323

165

658

394

3

24

55 40

36

102

71

51

163

111

68

248

160

93

339

218

115

445 286

140

565

• 365

167

700

444

20

1

21

54 3J

33

99

56

46

157

87

62

24f)

125

86

334

171

107

430 224

131

552

285

158

681

347

2

22

57 37

34

105

m

48

167

104

64

259

149

89

354

202

110

463 265

134

:587

3S9

161

725

414

3

23

60 42

35

110

74

50

176

116

66

271

168

91

371

228

113

486 300

137

618

383

164

761

466

30

1

20

62 33

31

113

59

45

181

93

60

288

134

83

391

182

103

512 238

125

(H9

305

151

802

372

2

21

64 39

33

118

70

47

190

110

62

299

158

85

408

215

105

535 282

129

679

360

155

810

439

3

22

66 44

34

123

79

48

198

124

64

309

178

88

423

242

108

553 817

132

706

405

158

874

494

50

I

19

71 36

30

133

61

43

216

101

57

349

145

78

477

197

97

627 257

120

797

330

144

981

403

2

21

73 43

32

137

76

45

223

U9

59

358

172

81

490

234

100

645 306

123

820

392'

148

1014

478

3

22

75 48

33

141

86

46

229

134

61

366

194

83

502

263

103

061 343

126

842

441

151

1043

538

100

1

18

ii2 37

28

158

66

40

262

104

53

442

150

73

611

204

91

810 266

112

1038

341

135

1285

■417

2

19

83 . 44

30

161

79

42

267

123

55

447

178

75

619

242

94

822 316

115

1054

405

139

1306

•494

3

20

84 , 50

31

163

■ 89

44

272

138

57

452

200

78

627

272

97

834 355

118

1069

455

142

1327

555

Common Vent Capacity

Type B Double-Wall Common Vent Diameter — » (in.)

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Vent

Height

H

Combined Apptianc

e Input Rating in Thoiiisands of Btu per Hon

FAN

FAN

NAT

FAN

FAN

NAT

FAN FAN NAT

FAN FAN NAT

FAN FAN

NAT

FAN

FAN

• NAT

FAN

FAN

NAT

(ft)

+FAN

+NAT +NAT

+FAN +NAT

+NAT

+FAN +NAT +NAT

+FAN +NAT +NAT

+FAN +NAT

+NAT

+FAN +NAT +NAT

•fFAN

+NAT

*NAT

6

92

81

05

140

116

103

204 161 147

309 248 200

404 314

2611

547

434

335

672

520

410

8

101

, 90

73

155

129

114

224 178 163

339 275 223

444 348

2911

602

480

378

740

. 577

465

10

110

97

79

169

141

121

243 194 178

367 299, 242

477 377

315

649

522

405

800

627

rr,

15

125

112

91

195

164

1 14

283 228 206

427 352 2«0

556 444

3'i5

753

612

465

924

733

565 ,;

20

136

123

1112

215

183

Kill

314 255 229

475 394 310

621 499

11 15

842

088

523

1035

826

;640

30

152

138

118

244

210

185

361 297 266

547 459 360

720 585

170

979

808

605

1209

975

■7.10 ■

50

167

153

134

279

244

211

421 363 310

641 547 423

854 706

551)

ilM

977

705

1451

1188

.860 \

100

175

163

NA

311

277

\\

189 421 NA

751 658 479

1025 873

(I'J'i

1408

1215

800

1784

1502

975 1

[NFPA 54 Table 1 3.2(a) 1

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

77

Table 5-14 continued

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 5-14 Continued

Number of Appliances:

Two or More

Appliance

T>pe:

Category I

AppUance Vent Connection:

Type

B Double-Wall Connector

T>T>e

B Double-WaU Vent and Connector Diameter — D (in.)

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

Vent

Appliance Input Rating Limits in Thousands of Btu per Hour

Height
H

m

Rise
R

(ft)

FAN NAT

FAN NAT

FAN NAT

FAN NAT.

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN 'NAT

FAN

NAT

Min

Max Max

Min

Max - Max

Min

Max Max

Min Max Max

Min

Max

Min

Max iMax

Min

Max

Max

6

2

174

764 496

223

1046 ; 653

281

1371 853

346 1772 1080

NA

NA NA

NA

NA NA

NA

NA

NA

4

180

897 616

230

1231 827

287

1617 1081

352 2069 1370

NA

NA NA

NA

NA NA

NA

NA

NA

6

NA

NA NA

NA

NA NA

NA

NA NA

NA NA ISIA.

NA

NA NA

NA

NA NA

NA

NA

NA

8

9

18(5

822 316

238

1126 696

298

1478- 910

365 1920 1150

NA

NA NA

NA

NA NA

NA

NA

NA

4

192

932 644

244

1307 884

305

1719 1150

372 2211 1460

471

2737 1800

560

3319 2180

662

.3937

2590

6

198

1050 772

252

1445 1072

313

1902 1390

380 2434 1770

478

3018 2180

5t)8

3665 2640

669

4373

3130

10

2 .

196

870 ■ 536

249

1195 730

311

1570 955

379 2049 1205'

NA

NA NA

NA

NA NA

NA

NA

NA

4

201

997 664

256

1371 924

318

1804 ,1205

387 2332 1535

486

2887 , 1890

581

3502 2280

686

4175

2710

6

207

10<)5 792

263

1509 1U8

325

1989 1455

395 2556 1865

494

3169 2290

589

3849 2760

694

4503

3270

15

2

214

967 368

272

1334 790

336

1760 lOSO

408 2317 1305'

NA

NA . NA

NA

NA ' NA

NA

NA

■NA

4

221

1085 , 712

279

14TO,1006

344

1978 1320

416 2579 1665

523

3197 ;2060

624

3881 2490

734

4631

2960

6

228

1181 856

286

1632 ■ 1222

351

2157 1610

424 2796 2025

533

3470 2310

634

4216 ;30S0

743

5033

3600

20

2

223

1051 396

291

1443 840

357

1911 1095

430 2533 1385

NA

NA NA

NA

NA • NA

NA

NA

NA

4

230

1 162 748

298

1597 1064

366

2116 1393

438 2778 . I765r

554

3447 2180

661

4190 -2630

772

5005

3130

6

237

1253 900

307

1726 1288

373

2287 1695

450 2984 2145:-

567

8708 ,2650

671

4511 ,3190

785

5392

3790

30

2

216

1217 632

286

1664 910

367

2183,1190

461 2891 1540

NA

NA ■ NA

NA

NA ~ NA

NA

NA

NA

4

223

131ti 792

294

1802 1160

376

2366' 1510

474 3110 \WS

619

3840 2365

728

4861 2860

847

5606

3410

6

231

1400 952

303

1920 1410

384

2524 1830

485 3299 2340

632

4080 1 2875

741

4976 '3480

860

5961

4150

50

2

206

1479 689

273

2023 1007

350

2639,1315

435 3548 1665'

NA

NA. NA

NA

NA NA

NA

NA

•' NA

4

213

1561 . 860

281

2139 1291

359

2814 1685

447 3730 2135

580

4601 26-33

709

5569 3183

851

6633

3790

6

221

1631 1031

290

2242 1375

369

2951 20S5

461 3893 26()5<

594

4808.3208-

724

3826 3885

867

6943

4620

100

2

192

1923 712

254

2644 1050

326

3490 ,1370

402 4707 1740:

NA

NA NA

NA

NA NA

NA

NA

NA

4

200

1984 888

263

2731 ,1346

336

3606 .1760

414 4842 2220

523

5982 2750

639

7254 3330

769

8630

3950

6

208

2035 1064

272

2811 1642

346

3714 ;2150

426 4968 2700,

539

6143 3350

654

7453 4070

786

8892

4810

Common Vent Capacity

Type B Double-Wall Common Vent Diameter — D

(in.)

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

Vent

Combined Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu

per Ho

ur

H

FAN

FAN 'NAT

FAN

FAN

:NAT

FAN

FAN NAT

FAN

FAN NAT

FAN FAN

NAT

FAN

FAN NAT

FAN

FAN

NAT

(ft)

fFAN

+NAT +NAT

+FAN +NAT

'>NAT

+FAN +NAT +NAT

+FAN

-►NAT +NAT

+FAN +NAT

+NAT

+FAN

+NAT +NAT

+FAN

+NAT

+NAT

6

900

696 588

1284

990

■ 815

1735

1336 1063

2253

1732 1345

2838 2180 ,

1660

3488

2677 1970

4206

3226

2S')1)

8

994

773 652

1423

1 103

: 912

1927

1491 1190

2507

1936 1510

3162 2439 '

I860

3890

2998 . 2200

4695

3616

2().S0

10

1076

841 - 712

1542

1200

' 995

2093

1625 ■ 1300

2727

2113 1645

3444 2665

2030

4241

3278 2400

5123

3957

2920

15

1247

986 825

1794

1410

11S8

2440

1910 .1510

3184

2484 1910

4026 3133

2360

4971

3862 , 2790

6016

4670

3100

20

1405

1116 916

2006

158S

1290

2722

2147 1690

3561

2798 2140

4548 3352

2640

5373

4352 i 3120

6749

5261

•WIM)

30

1658

1327 1025

2373

1892

1523

3220

2558 1990

4197

3326 ' 2320

5303 4193

3110

*>539

5157 , 3680

7940

6247

14W)

30

2024

1640 ■ 1280

2911

2347

, 1863

3964

3183 2430

3184

4149 307S

6367 5240

S800

8116

6458 : 4500

9837

7813

-|175

100

2569

2131 , 1870

3732

3076

2450

5125

4202 3200

6749

550<» 4050

8597 ()980

5000

10,681

8648 ■ 5920

13,004

10,49<)

7200

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 in.^' = 64,5 mni'-, 1 ft = 0.30.5 m, 1000 Bin per hr = 0.293 kW.
[NFPA 54 Table 13.2(a)]

78

WATER HEATERS

Table 5-15

Table 545 Type B Double-WaU Vent

Niimber of Appliances:

Two or Moi-e

Appliance Type:

Category I

Appliance Vent Cotmection:

Sin^c-Wall Metal Connector

Vent Connector Capacity

Single-Wall Metal Vent Connector Diameter

— jD(in.)

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Vent

Appliance Input Rating

limits! in Thousands of Btu per Hour

Height
H

(ft)

Rise
R

(ft)

FAN

NAT
Max

fan'

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT

Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NtAT
Max

FAN NAT

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Mui

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max Max

6

1

NA

NA

26

NA

NA

46

NA

NA

, 71

NA

NA

102

207

223

140

262

293

183

325

373

2S4

447

463 ' 286

2

NA

NA

31

NA

NA

,55

NA

NA

85

168

182

123

215

251

167

271

331

219

334

422

281

458

524 -344

3

NA

NA

34

NA

NA

62

121

131

95

175

198

138

222

273

188

279

361

247

344

462

316

468

574 r 385

8

1

NA

NA

•27

NA

NA

48

NA

NA

76

NA

NA

106

226

240

145

285

316

191

352

403

244

481

502 299-

2

NA

NA

32

NA

NA

57

125

126

89

184

193

127

234

266

173

293

353

228

360

450

292

492

560 , 355

3

NA

NA

■35

NA

NA

64

130

138

100

191

208

144

241

287

197

302

381

256

370

489

328

501

609 400

10

1

NA

NA

28

NA

NA

50

119

121

77

182

186

HO

240

253

150

302

335

196

372

129

252

506

534 ; 308

2

NA

NA

33

84

85

53

124

134

91

189

203

132

248

278

183

311

369

23S

381

473

302

517

589 \ 368

3

NA

NA

36

89-

91

■67

120

144

102

197

217

148

257

299

203

320

398

265

391

511

S^

528

637 ; ^13'

13

I

NA

NA

29

79

87

■82

116

138

81

177

214

1)6

238

291

158

312

380

208

397

482

266

556

596 ' 324

2

NA

NA

34

83

94

62

12!

150

97

185

230

138

246

314

\m

321

411

248

407

522

317

568

646 , 387'

3

NA

NA

39

B7

KK)

70

127

160

109

193

243

157

255

333

215

331

438

281

418

557

360

579

690 ■ 437-

20

1

49

56

30

78

97

54

115

152

84

175

238

120

233

325

165

306

425

217

390

538

'276

546

664 I 336

2

52

59

36

82

103

64

120

163

101

182

252

144

243

346

197

317

453

259

400

574

331

558

709 \ 403

3

55

62

40

87

107

72

125

172

US

190

264

164

252

363

22S

326

476

294

412

607

375

570

750 ; 457

30

1

47

60

31

77

110

57

112

175

89

109

278

129

226

380

175

296

497

230

378

630

2«4

528

779 : 358

2

51

62

37

81

115

67

117

185

106

177

290

152

236

397

208

307

521

274

389

662

349

541

819 ,"425-

3

54

64

42

85

119

76

122

193

120

185

300

172

244

412

235

316

512

309

400

690

394

555

855 j 482"

50

1

46

m

34

75

128

60

109

207

m

162

336

137

217

460

188

284

604

245

364

768

314

507

951 ; 384

2

49

71

40

79

132

72

114

215

1J3

170

345

164

226

473

223

294

023

293

370

793

376

520

983 458

3

52

72

45

83

136

82

119

221

123

178

353

186

235

486

252

304

640

331

387

816

423

535

1013 ; 5!8.

100

1

45

79

34

71

150

61

10-t

249

98

153

424

140

205

585

192

269

774

249

345

993

321

476 1236 ^. 393'

2

48

80

41

75

153

73

110

255

115

m)

428

167

212

593

228

279

788

299

358

1011

383

490 1259 ' 469

3

51

81

46

79

157

■ 85

114

260

129

168

433

190

222

603

256

289

801

SS9

368

1027

431

506 1280 -; 527

Common Vent Capacity

Type B Double-Wall Vent Diameter

-D(in.)

4

5 ■

6

7

S

9

10

Vent

Height

H

C

ombined Appl

ance Input Rating in Thousan

dsof Btnper

Hour

FAN

FAN

NAT

FAN

FAN

NAT

FAN FAN

NAT

FAN FAN NAT

FAN FAN

NAT

FAN

FAN

HAT

FAN

FAN

NAT.

(ft)

+FAN

+NAT

4-NAT

♦•FAN

+NAT

+\AT

+FAN +NAT

+NAT

+FAN+NAT +NAT

fFAN +NAT

+NAT

i-FAN

+NAT

■+NAT

i-FAN +NAT

+NAT

6

NA

78

64

NA

113

'19

200 158

144

304 244 196

398 310

257

541

429

332

665

515

407

8

NA

87

71

NA

126

III

218 173

159

331 269 218

436 312

■ 285

592

473

373

730

569

■460

10

NA

94

76

163

. 137

IJO

237 189

174

357 292 . 236

467 369

309

638

512

, 398

787

617

, 487

15

121

108 :

m

189

159

no

275 221

200

416 313 -274

544 134

357

738

59<)

456

905

718

553

20

131

118

■ 98

208

177

|-.t)

305 247

223

463 383 302

606 487

- 395

824

673

512

1013

808

626

30

145

132

US

236

202

ISO

350 286

257

533 446 ■ 349

703 570

459

958

790

593-

1183

952

723

50

159

145

128

268

233

2(iN

40(> 337

296

622 529 410

833 ()86

535

1139

954

689

1418

1157

838

100

166

153

NA

297

263

NA

469 398

NA

726 633 464

99«) 846

606

1378

1185

780

1741

1459

948

[NFPA 54 Table 13.2(1))]

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

79

Table 5-16

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 5-16 Masonry Chimney

Number of Appliances:

Two or More

Appliance Type:

Category I

Appliance Vent Connection:

Type B Double-Wall Connector

Vent Connector Capacity

Type B Double-Wall Vent Connector Diameter

_D

in.)

3

4

5

6

1

8

9

10

Vent

Appliance Input Rating limits

in Thousands of Btu pet

Houi

Height
H

(ft)

Rise
R

(ft)

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN NAT

FAN NAT

FAN

NAT
MaK

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN NAT

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max Max

Min

Max Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max Max

6

1

24

33

2J

39

62

40

52

106 67

65

194 101

87

274

141

104

370

201

124

479

253

145

599 319

2

26

43

28

41

79

52

53

133 85

67

230 124

89

324

173

i07

436

232

127

562

3«»

148

694 378

3

27

49

34

42

92

61

55

155 97

69

262 143

91.

369

203

109

491

270

129

633

349

151

795 439

8

1

24

3<»

22

39

"2

41

55

117 69

71

213 , 105

94

304

148

113

414

210

134

539

267

156

682 ■ 335

2

26

47

. 29

40

87

•53

57

140 86

73

246 127

97

350

179

116

473

240

137

615

311

160

776 ' 394

3

27

52

34

42

97

62

59

159 98

75

269 145

99

383

206

119

517

276

139

672

358

163

848 452

10

!

24

42

22

38

80

42

55

130 - 71

74

232 108

101

324

153

120

44 4

216

142

582

277

165

739 348

2

26

50

29

40

93

34

57

153 87

76

261 129

103

366

184

123

498

247

145

652

321

168

825 407

3

27

55

35

41

105

63

58

170 100

78

284 148

106

397

209

126

510

281

147

705

366

171

893 463

15

1

24

48

23

38

93

44

54

154 74

72

277 1 14

100

384

164

125

511

229

153

658

297

IS-l

824 ' 375

2

25

55

31

39

105

55

56

174 89

74

299 134

103

419

192

128

558

260

156

718

339

187

900 432

3

26

59

■35

41

115

64

57

189 102

76

319 153

JOS

448

215

131

597

292

159

7(i0

382

M)

9(>0 486

20

1

• 24

52

24

37

102

46

53

172 77

71

313 119

98

437

173

123

584

239

150

752

312

180

943 397

2

25

58

31

39

114

56

55

190 91

73

335 138

101

407

199

126

(525

270

153

805

354

184

1011 452

■ 3

26

63

35

40

123

65

57

204 104

75

353 157

104

493

222

129

661

301

156

851

396

187

1067 505

30

1 •

24

54

26

37

11!

48

52

192" 82

69

357 • 127

96

504

187

119

680

255

145

883

337

175

1115 432

2

25

60

32

38

122

58

54

208 95

72

376 145

99

531

209

122

715

mi

149

928

378

179

1171 484

3

26

O'l

36

40

131

66

56

221 107

74

392 ; 163

101

554

233

125

746

sn

152

968

418

182

1220 535

50

1

23

51

25

36

116

51

51

209 89

67

405 • 143

92

582

213

115

798

294

140

1019

392

168

1334 506

2

24

59

32

37

127

, 61

53

225 !02

70

421 161

95

604

235

118

827

326

143

1085

433

172

1379 558

3

26

6-1

36

39

135

69

55

237 115

72

435 180

98

624

260

121

854

357

147

1118

474

176

1121 611

100

1

23

46

24

35

108

50

49

208 - 92

65

428 : 155

88

040

237

109

907

334

13^1

1222

454

161

1589 596

2

24

53

31

37

120

60

51

224 105

67

444 ' 174

92

mo

260

113

933

368

138

1253

497

165

1620 651

3

25

5<t

35

38

130

68

53

237 118

69

458 193

94

679

285

116

95r)

399

141

1282

540

169

1661 705

Common Vent Capacity

Minimum Internal Area of Masonry Chlnuiey Flue (in.^)

12

19

28

38

50

65

78

113

Vent

Combined Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour

H

FAN

FAN

NAT

FAN

FAN

NAT

FAN

FAN NAT

FAN

FAN NAT

FAN FAN NAT

FAN FAN

NAT

FAN

FAN NAT

FAN

FAN

NAT

(ft)

hFAN-

hNATH

NAT

(•FAN-t

NATh

-NAT

hFANh

►NAT+NAT

i-FAN+NAT+NAT

i-FAN+NAT+NAT

hFAN+NATn

-NAT

i-FANh

-NAT+NAT

^-FAN

fFAN

+NAT

6

NA

74

25

NA

119

46

NA

178 , 71

NA

257 103

NA 351 ; 143

NA 458

188

NA

582 246

1041

853

W

8

NA

80

28

\A

130

53

NA

!93 82

NA

279 1 19

NA 384 • 163

NA 501

218

724

636 278

1144

937

Jos

10

NA

84

SI

NA

138

56'

NA

207 90

NA

299 131

NA 409 : 177

()06 538

236

776

686 . 302

1226

1010

151

15

NA

N'A

36

NA

152

67-

NA

233 ' 106

NA

334 152

523 467 J 212

682 611

283

874

781 ■ 365

1374

1156

1 16

20

NA

NA

41

\A

NA

75

NA

250 122

NA

368 . 172

565 508 •• 2^3

742 668

325

955

858 419

1513

1286

(>1H

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA-

NA

270 137

NA

404 198

615 564 1 278

816 747

381

1062

969 496

1702

1473

719

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA NA

NA

NA NA

NA 620 ; .328

879 831

46!

1165

1089 606

1905

1692

922

100

NA

NA

SA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA. NA

NA

NA NA

NA NA; 348

NA NA

4m

NA

NA ,, 669

2053

1921

l()-)8

[NFPA 54 Table 13.2(c)]

80

WATER HEATERS

Table 5-17

Table 5-17 Masonry Chimney

Number of Appliances:

Two or More

Appliance Type:

Category- 1

Appliance Vent Conneclion:

Single-Wall Metal Conocdor

Vent Connector Capacity

Connector

Riiie

R

m

Single-Wall Metal Vent Connector Diameter -

-0(in.)

3

■ 4,

5

6

7

8

9

10

Vent

Height

H

(ft)

Appliance In

put Rating limits in Thousands of Btu per Hojir

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN

NAT
Max

FAN NAT

FAN

NAT
Mas

FAN

NAT

FAN

NAT

mn

Mas

Min

Max

Mjn

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max Max

Mm

Max

Min

Mas

Max

Min

Max

Max

6

1

NA

NA

21

NA

NA

S9

NA

NA

66

179

191

100

231

271 140

292

300

200

362

474

252

4:99

694

310

2 ■

NA

NA

28

NA

NA

52

NA

NA

84

186

227

123

239

321 172

301

432

231

373

557

299

509

696

376

3

NA

\A

34

NA

NA

61

134

153

97

193

258

142

247

3(i5 2<12

309

491

269

381

634

348

519

793

437

8

1

NA

NA

21

NA

NA

40

NA

NA

68

195

208

103

250

298 146

313

407

207

387

530

203

529

672

331

2

NA

NA

28

NA

NA

52

137

139

85

202

240

125

258

343 177

323

46r>

238

397

()07

309

54.0

766

391

S

NA

NA

S-1

NA

NA

02

143

156

98

210

264

145

266

376 205

332

509

274

407

663

356

551

838

450

10

1

NA

NA

22

NA

NA

41

130

151

70

202

225

106

267

316 151

333

434

213

41.0

571

27S

558

727

343

2

NA

\A

n

NA

NA

53

136

150

86

210

255

128

276

358 181

343

489

244

420

640

317

569

813

-103

3

NA

NA

34

97

102

62

143

166

99

217

277

147

284

389 207,

352

530

279

430

69!

363

580

880

459

15

1

NA

NA

23

NA

NA

43

129

151

73

199

271

112

268

376 16!

349

502

225

445

646

291

623

808

366

2

NA

NA

30

92

103

54

135

170

m

207

295

132

277

411 189

359

518

256

456

706

334

634

884

42'1

3

NA

NA

:«

96

112

63

141

185

101

215

315

151

286

439 213

368

58(i

289

4.66

755

:'.78

646

945

479

20

1

NA

NA

23

87

99

45

128

167

, 76

197

303

ii?

265

425 169

345

569

235

439

734

806

014

921

387

9

NA

NA

SO

91

tti

55

134

185

90

205

325

136

274

455 195

355

610

266

450

787

318

627

986

443

3

NA

NA

35

96

119

64

140

199

103

213

343

154

282

481 219

365

644

298

461

831

391

639

1042

496

30

1

NA

NA

24

8<5

108

47

126

187

80

193

347

124

259

492 ' 183

338

665

250

430

864

330

600

1089

42!

2

NA

NA

31

91

119

57

132

203

93

201

366

142

269

518 205

348

699

282

442

908

372

613

1145

473

3

NA

NA

33

95

127

6r.

138

216

105

209

381

160

277

510 229

358

729

312

4.59

916

412

626

1193

524

50

1

NA

NA

24

85

113

50

124

204

87

188

392

139

252

567 ■ 208

328

778

287

417

1022

383

582

1302

492

2

NA

NA

31

89

123

60

130

218

IW

196

408

158

2()2

588 2S«t

339

806

320

429

1058

425

596

1346

545

3

NA

NA

35

94

131

68

136

231

112

205

422

176

271

607 265

349

831

351

4.40

10<)0

- 466

610

1386

597

U«>

1

NA

NA

23

84

104

49

122

200

89

182

410

151

243

617 232

315

875

328

402

1181

444

560

1537

580

2

NA

NA

30

88

115

59

127

215

102

190

425

169

253

630 254

326

809

961

415

1210

488

575

1570

634

3

NA.

NA

34

93

124

67

133

228

115

199

438

188

262

654 279

337

921

392

427

1238

529

589

1604

687

Common Vent Capacity

Mimmnm Internal Area of Masonry Chimney Flue (in

.')

12

19

28

38

50

63

78

1J3

Vent

Height

H

m

Combined Appliance Input Rating in llioitsands of Btu pt

r Hour

FvUSf FAN
hFAN+NAT

NAT
t-NAT

FAN FAN NAT

i-FAN+NAT+NAT

FAN

^FAN^

F/VN NAT
■NAT+NAT

FAN FAN NAT

hFAN+NAT+NAT

FAN FAN NAT
i-FAN+NAT+NAT

FAN FAN NAT
kFAN+NAT+NAT

FAN

^FAN H

FAN -NAT
"NAT+NAT,

FAN
hFAN

FAN
+FAN

■NAT
+NATj

6

NA

NA

25

NA

118

45

NA

17b 71

NA 255 im

NA 348 142

NA

155

187

NA

579 245

NA

846

. NA

8

NA

NA

28

NA

128

52

NA

190 81

NA 276 118

NA 380 162

NA

497

217

NA

633 : 277

1136

928

-105

10

NA

NA

31

NA

I3(i

56

NA

205 89

NA 295 12*1

NA 405 1 75

NA

532

234

771

680 , 301)

1216

1000

-450

15

NA

NA

36

NA

NA

66

NA

230 105

NA 335 150

NA 400 210

677

602

280

866

772 3(>0

1359

1139

540

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

■ 74

NA

247 120

NA 362 - 170

NA 503 240

76-1

661

321

947

849 . 415

1495

1264

. 04()

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA 135

NA 398 193

NA 558 -275

808

730

377

1052

957 490

1682

1447

740

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA NA-

NA NA NA

NA 612 325

NA

821

456

1152

1076 «Kt

1879

1672

910

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA NA

NA NA NA

NA NA NA

NA

NA

494

NA

NA 6ti3

2006

1885

: 1046

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 in.^ = (.)45 nnn''*, 1 ft = 0.305 m, 1 000 Btu per fir = 0.293 kW.
[NFPA 54 Table 13.2(d) J

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

81

Table 5-18 -Table 5-19

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 5-18 Single-Wall Metal Pipe or Type B Asbestos Cement Vent

Number of Appliances:

Two or More

Appliance T^'pe:

Draft Hood-Equipped

Appliance Vent Connection:

Direct to Pipe or Vent

Vent Connector Capacity

Vent Connector Diameter — D (in. )

Maximum Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour

ft-8

68
86
98

102
124
147

146

178
204

205
235
275

1

23

44

77

117

179

240

15

2

30

56

92

134

194

265

3

35

64

102

155

216

298

1

25

49

84

129

190

270

30

2

31

58

97

145

211

295

and up

3

36

68

107

164

232

321

Common Vent

Cstpaciiy

Common Vent Diameter — D (in.)

10

12

Total Vent
H

(ft)

Height

Combined Appliance Input Rating in Thousands of
Btu per Hour

6

48

78

111

155

205

320

NA

8

55

89

128

175

234

365

505

10

59

95

136

190

250

396

560

15

71

115

168

228

305

480

690

20

80

129

186

260

340

550

790

30

NA

147

215

300

400

650

940

50

NA

NA

NA

360

490

810

1190

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 in.'"^ = 645 mm'^, 1 ft = 0.305 m, 1000 Btu per hr = 0.293 kW.
Note: See Figure G.l(f) and Section 13.2.
[NFPA 54 Table 13.2(e)]

Table 5-19 Exterior Masonry Chimney

Number of Appliances:

Appliance Type:

Appliance Vent Connection:

Two or More

NAT + NAT

l>pe B Doubie-Wall
Connector

SPECIAL USE: Combined Appliance Maximum Input Ratii^ in Thousands of Btu per Hour

Vent
Hei^t

Internal Area of Chimney (in

.')

H

(ft)

12

19

28

38

50

63

78

113

6

25

46

71

103

143

188

246

NA

8

28

.53

82

119

163

218

278

408

10

31

56

90

131

177

236

302

4.54

15

NA

67

106

152

212

283

565

546

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

325

419

648

30

NA

NA

.NA

.NA

NA

NA

496

749

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

922

100

NA

N.4

NA

NA

NA

NA

N.A.

NA

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 ram, 1 in.'^ = 645 mm^, 1 ft = 0.305 m, 1000 Btu per hr = 0.293 kW.
[NFPA 54 Table 13.2(f)]

82

WATER HEATERS

Table 5-20

Table 5-20 Exterior Masomy Chimney

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Number of Appliances:

Appliance Type:

Appliance Vent Connection:

Two or More

NAT + NAT

Type B Double-Wall
Connector

SPKCIAL LSK

Minimum

Allo^^able Inpiu Rating ol' Space-Heating Appliance in
Internal Area of Chimney (in.^)

Thousands of Btu

per Ho lu-

Vent
Height

H

(ft)

12

19

28

38

50

63

78

113

Local 99% winter design t

unperature: 37°F or greater

6

.

NA

8

10

15

NA

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

184

30

■ NA

NA ■

NA

NA

NA

393

334

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

579

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Local 99%

winter design temperature: 27°F

to 36°F

6

68

NA

NA

180

212

NA

8

82

NA

NA

187

214

263

10

51

NA

NA

NA

201

225

265

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

253

274

305

20

NA .

NA

NA

NA

NA

307

330

362

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

445

485

50

NA

NA

■ NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

763

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA.

NA

.NA

NA

Local 99%

winter design

temperature: 17'F

to 2(5*F

6

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

8

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA.

NA

204

352

10

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

278

358

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

331

398

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA.

387

457

30

NA.

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

581

50

■ NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

862

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Local 99%

winter design

temperature: 5°F

toie^F

6

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

8

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA.

NA

NA

10

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

430

15

NA

NA

NA

NA

.NA

NA

NA.

485

20

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

547

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

682

. 30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Local 99%

winter design temperauire: 4"F or lower

Not recommended for

any vent configurations

For SI units, I in. = 25.4 mm, 1 in.''' - 645 mm'^ 1 ft = 0.305 m, 1000 Bui per hr = 0.293 kW, "C = (°F ~ 32)/1.8.
Note: See Figure 5-13 for a map showing local 99 percent winter design temperatures in the United States.
[NFPA 54 Table 13.2(g)]

83

Table 5-21

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 5-21 Exterior Masonry Chimney

Number of Appliances:

Two or More

^pliance Type:

FAN + NAT

Appliance Vent Connection:

Type B Double-WaU
Connector

SPECIAL L'SE: Combined Appliance Maximum Input Rating in Thousands of Btu per Hour

Vent
Hei^t

Internal Area of

Chimney (in.^)

H

(ft)

12

19

28

38

50

63

78

113

6

74

119

178

257

351

458

582

853

8

80

130

193

279

384

501

636

937

10

84

138

207

299

409

538

686

1010

15

NA

152

233

334

467

611

781

1156

20

NA

NA

250

368

508

668

858

1286

30

NA

NA

NA

404

564

74:7

969

1473

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

831

1089

1692

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

1921

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 rnin, 1 in." = 645 min^, 1 ft = 0.305 in, 1000 Btu per hr

[NFPA 54 Table 13.2(h) j

■■ 0.293 kW.

84

WATER HEATERS

Table 5-22

Table 5-22 Exterior Masonry Chimney

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Number of Appliances:

Appliance Type:

Appliance Vent Connection:

Two or More

Type B Double-Wall Connector

SPKCL\L L'SK: Minimum Allnwahtc Input Rating

of Space-Ileating Appliance at tttousaiids of Stii

perHour

Vent
Hei^t

Internal Area of Chimney <in.*)

H

(ft)

12

19

28

S8

50

63

78

113

6

Local 99% %viriter design temperature: S7°F oi

greater

8

10

. 15

NA

20

NA

NA

123

190

249

184

30

NA

NA

NA

334

398

393

334 '

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

714

707

579

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

1600

6

Local 99%
68

winter design
116

tempcratwre: 27''F to 36°F
156

180

212

266

8

82

127

167

187

214

263

10

51

97

141

183

210

225

265

15

NA

111

142

183

233

253

274

305

20

NA

NA

187

230

284

307

330

362

30

NA

NA

NA

330

319

419

445

485

SO

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

672

705

763

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

1554

6

55

lx)cal 99%
99

winter design temperature: 17°F to 26°F
141 182

215

259

349

8

52

74

111

154

197

226

264

352

10

NA

90

125

169

214

243

278

358

15

NA

NA

167

212

263

296

331

398

20

NA

NA.

212

258

316

352

387

457

80

NA

NA

NA

362

429

470

507

581

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

723

766

862

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

1669

6

NA

78

121

Local 99%

winter design tenjpej'aiure: 5°F to 16°F
166 214

252

301

416

8

NA

94

135

182

230

269

312

423

10

NA

111

149

198

250

289

331

430

15

NA

NA

19S

247

305

346

393

485

20

NA

NA

NA

293

360

408

450

547

m

NA

NA

NA

377

450

581

580

682

50

NA

NA

NA.

NA

. NA

797

853

972

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

1833

6

NA

NA

Local 99%
145

winter design
196

temperature; -WF
249

to4<'F

296

348

484

8

NA

NA

159

213

269

320

371

494

10

NA

NA

175

231

292

839

397

513

15

NA

NA

NA

283

351

404

457

586

20

NA

NA

NA

333

408

468

528

650

30

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

603

667

805

50

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA.

NA

965

1003

100

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Local 99% vwntcr design, temperature: -ll^F or lower
Not recommended for any vent configurations

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 in.^ = 645 mni^ 1 ft = 0.305 in, 1000 Btu per hr = 0.293 kW.

Note: See Figxire C.2.4 for a map showing local 99 percent winter design temperatures in the United States,

[NFPA54Tablel3.2(i)]

85

Figure G.1 (a) -G.1(cl)

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

PART II

This is originally from NFPA 54, Annex G

which contains additional references from the UPC.

Sizing of Venting Systems Serving Appliances
Equipped with Draft Hoods, Category I
Appliances, and Appliances Listed for Use
with Type B Vents

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

G.l E>iampiesU^i^Siii^eAppIia]K:eVentinglkbIes.SeeFig-

ure G.l (a) through Figure G.l (n) .

Vent cap-^-clZJ

dout^s-watt -
988 vent

\< L-

u

Tile-Bneci masonry -
dilmney

^

lypoBdoutte-ViiaiS
gas^ffintusetlas-{
c(OTnector

Table 5-8 is used when sizing Type B double-wall
gas vent connected directly to the appliance.

Note: The appliance can be either Category I draft-
hood-equipped or fen-assisted type.

HGURE G.l(a) l^pe B DoubIe-\^li Vmt System Serving a
Sing^ Appliance With a l^pe B Double-Wyi Vent

Table S-10 is used when sizing a Type B double-wall gas
vent connector attached to a tile-lined masonry chimney

Notes:

1. 4 is the equivalent cross-sectional area of the tile liner.

2. Hie appliance can be either Category i draft-hood-
equipped or fan-assisted type.

FIGU!(£G.l(c) \^tS^|staiiServin|;aSiii|^A{^lia]K%Witha
Masomy C3iiimiey ami a "1^ B Doul^\^yQi ^;bit Coanect<»

Vent cap—

TypsB
double-wail -
gas vent

1

•

Tlie-lined masonry — »-
chimney

H

1
H

\

Single-wall — *■(
vent connector

A

•

- &

s—

1

Table 5-9 is used when sizing a single-wall metal vent
connector attached to a Type B double-wait gas vent.

Note: The appliance can be either Category I draft-
hood-equipped or fan-assisted type.

FIGURE G.l<b) lype B Dooble-mU Vent System Serving .
Sfai^ Appliance With a Sii^e-Myi Metal Vent Cktonecton

Table 5-11 is used when sizing a single-wall vent
connector attached to a tile-lined masonry chimney.

Notes:

1. 4 is the equivalent cross-sectional area of the tile liner.

2. The appliance can be either Category I draft-hotxi-
equipped or fen-assisted type.

FIGURE G.l(d) \^ System Smfaig a Single A|qdianceUat%
a Masomy Qilmney and a r

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

86

WATER HEATERS

Figure G.1(e)-G.1(h)

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Vent cap

Vent cap

Asbestos cement Type B or single-wall metal vent
serving a single draft-hood-equipped appliance.
(See Table 5-12)

fIGURE G.l(e) Asbest<» C^otent lype B or Sing^e-^Myi
Metal Vent %stem Service a Sinj^e Draft-Hood-Equipped
AppHance.

Table 5-15 is used when sizing single-wall vent
connectors attached to a Type B double-wall
common vent.

Note: Each appliance can be either Category I draft-
hood-equipped or fan-assisted type.

FIGURE G.l(g) Vent System Serving Two or More^pE-
tmces WiQi Type B Double-mil Vent and Sing|e>WUl Metal
Vent Connectors.

Vent cap

"*— Tile-lined masonry

Types
double-\rall
gas vent used
as connectors

Table 5-14 is used when sizing Type B double-wall
gas vent connectors attached to a Type B double-
wall common vent.

Note: Each appliance can be either Category I draft-
hood-equlpped or fan-assisted type.

FIGURE G.l (f) VentSystem Servinf IWo or More Appliances
Wittt Type B Double-mU Vent and l^pe B Double-V/kU Vent
Connef^rs.

Table 5-16 is used when sizing Type B double-wall vent
connectors attached to a tile-lined masonry chimney.

Notes:

1. A is the equivalent cross-sectional area of the tile liner.

2. Each appliance can be either Category I draft-hood-
equipped or fen-assisted type.

FIGURE G.l (h) MasoniyChinmey Serving tWo or More
A|>p]iances With Type B Double»\^yi Vent Connectors.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

87

Table G.1(i) -Table G. 1(1)

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

J, Single-wali vent
" connector

1

-Tile-lined masonry
chimney

TaUe 5-17 is used when sizing singie-wall metal vent
conn«:tors attached to a tlle'lined masonry chimney.

Notes:

1 . ^ is tiie equivalent cross-sectional area of the tiie liner.

2. Each appliance can i>e either Category I draft -
hood-equipped or ^-assisted type.

FIGURE G.l <i) Masomy Chinm^ Serving IWo or More
.^pliatices with Sii^te-\i^ Metal Vent Connectors.

Vent cap

Example: htenif otded common vent connector Lu can
ba no greater than 18 times the common vent connector
manifold inside diameter; that is, a 4 in. (100 mm) inside
diameter common vent connector manifold should not
^ceed 72 in. (1800 mm) in length.

Note: This is an illustration of a typical manifolded \«nt
connector. Different appliance, vent connector, or
common vent types are possible.

F[GUIt£G.l(k) Use of Manifolded Cknnmon Vent Connector.

Vent cap

Asbestos cement Type B or single-wall metal pipe vent
serving two or more draft-hood-equipped appliances.
(See TaUe 5-18 )

flGUREG.lQ) Asbestos Cement lypeB or Sin^e-Wall Metal
Vent System Servii^r Tivo or More Draft-Hood-ik[uipped Ap-
pliances.

Example: Offset common vent

Note: This is an illustration of a typical offset vent.
Different appliance, vent connector, or vent types are

FIGURE G.1<1) Use of Offset Common Vent.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

88

WATER HEATERS

G.1.1 -G 1.2

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

G.1.1 Example 1: Single Draft-Hood-Equipped
Appliance. An installer has a 120,000-Btu/h input
appliance with a 5-inch diameter draft hood outlet
that needs to be vented into a 10-foot-high Type B
vent system. What size vent should be used assuming
(1) a 5-foot lateral single-wall metal vent connector is
used with two 90-degree elbows or (2) a 5-foot lateral
single-wall metal vent connector is used with three 90-
degree elbows in the vent system? See Figure G.1.1.

Solution

Table 5-9 should be used to solve this problem
because single-wall metal vent connectors are being
used with a Type B vent, as follows;

(1) Read down the first column in Table 5-9 until the
row associated with a 10-foot height and 5-foot
lateral is found. Read across this row until a
vent capacity greater than 120,000 Btu/h is
located in the shaded columns labeled NAT Max
for draft-hood-equipped appliances. In this case,
a 5-inch-diameter vent has a capacity of 122,000
Btu/h and can be used for this application.

(2) If three 90-degree elbows are used in the vent
system, the maximum vent capacity listed in the
tables must be reduced by 10 percent (see NFPA
54:13.1.3). This implies that the 5-inch-diameter
vent has an adjusted capacity of only 110,000

Vent connector Tee

u

Tee same size as
segment above

Common vent size

based on ail inputs *

entering this segment
and available total height

Total input-

e^

Rise

^

an

Available total
height H equals
rise plus distance
between tees

Tee same
j^ size as
segment
atiove

Btu^r
input

Increase «3^
vent i

connector T
size if I

necessary Other inputs
from below

Vent connector size
depends on:

• Input

• Rise

• Available total height H

• Table 5-14 connectors

Common vent size
depends on:

• Combined inputs

• Available total height H

• Table 5-14 common vent

Btu/h. In this case, the vent system must be
increased to 6 inches in diameter. See the
following calculations:

122,000 X 0.90 = 110,000 for 5-inch vent
From Table 5-10, select 6-inch vent.
186,000 X 0.90 = 167,000

This figure is greater than the required
120,000. Therefore, use a 6-inch vent and
connector where three elbows are used.

G.1.2. Example 2; Single Fan-Assisted Appliance.
An installer has an 80,000 Btu/h input fan-assisted
appliance that must be installed using 10 feet of
lateral connector attached to a 30-foot high Type B
vent. Two 90 -degree elbows are needed for the
installation. Can a single-wall metal vent cormector
be used for this application? See Figure G.1.2.

Solution

Table 5-9 refers to the use of single-wall metal vent
connectors with Type B vent. In the first column
find the row associated with a 30-foot height and a
10-foot lateral. Read across this row, looking at the

Use individual vent tortop-fioor
appliance if connector
reqaimment for rise or total
height cannot be met

Use vent
connector i
table

Listed cap

Top-floor-
appliance

Use available total
height for top-floor
appliance and
combined input of
all appliances on
common vent

Third interconnection tee"

Availat^e total height
for third-floor appliance
and combined input of
three appliances
(if lop-floor appliance
is not connected,
measure total
height to vent top)

.Second interconnection
lee*

Use available total
height for second-floor
ippliance and combined
heat input of two

Rrst interconnection tee*

Design vent connector for
first-floor appliance as an
individual vent of this total
height for input of first-
floor appliance

FIGURE G.l(m) Muldstoiy Gas Vent Design Procedure for
Each Segment of System.

* Each interconnection tee is same size as
s^ment of common vent directly above

FIGURE G.I(o) Principles of Design of Multistory Vents
Uao^ Vent Connector and Common Vent Design Tables.

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89

G.1.2-G.2.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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FAN Min and FAN Max columns, to find that a 3-
inch diameter single-wall metal vent connector is not
recommended. Moving to the next larger size single-
wall connector (4 inch), we find that a 4-inch
diameter single-wall metal connector has a
recommended maximum vent capacity of 144,000
Btu/h. The 80,000 Btu/h fan-assisted appliance is
outside this range, so the conclusion is that a single-
wall metal connector could be used to vent the
appliance. Table 5-9 shows the acceptable range of
vent capacities for a 4 inch vent with 5 feet of lateral
to be between 72,000 Btu/h and 157,000 Btu/h.

If the appliance cannot be moved closer to the
vertical vent, then a Type B vent could be used as the
connector material. In this case. Table 5-8 shows
that, for a 30-foot-high vent with 10 feet of lateral,
the acceptable range of vent capacities for a 4-inch-
diameter vent attached to a fan-assisted appliance is
between 37,000 Btu/h and 150,000 Btu/h.

G.1.3. Example 3: Interpolating Between Table
Values. An installer has an 80,000 Btu/h input
appliance with a 4-inch diameter draft hood outlet that
needs to be vented into a 12-foot-high Type B vent.
The vent connector has a 5-ft. lateral length and is also
Type B. Can this appliance be vented using a 4-inch
diameter vent?

Solution

Table 5-8 is used in the case of an all Type B Vent
system. However, since there is no entry in Table 5-8
for a height of 12 feet, interpolation must be used.
Read down the 4-inch diameter NAT Max column to
the row associated with a 10-foot height and 5-foot
lateral to find the capacity value of 77,000 Btu/h.
Read further down to the 15-foot height, 5-foot
lateral row to find the capacity value of 87,000
Btu/h. The difference between the 15-foot height
capacity value and the 10-foot height capacity value
is 10,000 Btu/h. The capacity for a vent system with
a 12-foot height is equal to the capacity for a 10-foot
height plus 2/5 of the difference between the 10-foot
and 15-foot height values, or 77,000 + 2/5 x 10,000 =
81,000 Btu/h. Therefore, a 4-inch diameter vent can
be used in the installation.

G.2 Examples Using Common Venting Tables.

G.2.1 Example 4: Common Venting Two Draft-Hood-
Equipped Appliances. A 35,000-Btu/h water heater is
to be common vented with a 150,000 Btu/h furnace,
using a common vent with a total height of 30 feet.
The connector rise is 2 feet for the water heater with a
horizontal length of 4 feet. The connector rise for the
furnace is 3 feet with a horizontal length of 8 feet.
Assume single-wall metal connectors will be used
with Type B vent. What size connectors and
combined vent should be used in this installation?

TypeB
double-wall ■
gas vent

q~3

1R^

>/

10ft

Single-wall
connecstor

Draft hood-
equipped appliance
120,000-Btu/hr Input

For SI units, 1 ft = 0.305 m.

FIGURE G.1.1 Sin^e Draft Hood-Equipped Appliance
Example I.

30ft

For SI units, 1 ft = 0.305 m.
FIGURE G.I.2 Sin^e Fan-Assisted Appliance — Example 2.

, Combined capacity

•;:j^ 35,000 + 150.C

185,000 Btu/hr

-♦—Type B double-
wall gas vent

Draft hood-
equipped
water heater
35.000 Btu/hr
input

Draft hood-
equipped furnace
150.000 Btu/hr

input

FIGURE G.2. 1 Common Venting Two Draft Hood-Equipped
Appliances — Example 4.

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90

WATER HEATERS

G.2.1 -G.2.2

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See Figure G.2.1.

Solution

Table 5-15 should be used to size single-wall
metal vent connectors attached to Type B vertical
vents. In the Vent Connector Capacity portion of
Table 5-15, find the row associated with a 30-foot
vent height. For a 2-foot rise on the vent connector
for the water heater, read the shaded columns for
draft-hood-equipped appliances to find that a 3-inch
diameter vent connector has a capacity of 37,000
Btu/h. Therefore, a 3-inch single-wall metal vent
cormector can be used with the water heater. For a
draft-hood-equipped furnace with a 3-foot rise, read
across the appropriate row to find that a 5-inch-
diameter vent connector has a maximum capacity of
120,000 Btu/h (which is too small for the furnace),
and a 6-inch diameter vent connector has a
maximum vent capacity of 172,000 Btu/h. Therefore,
a 6-inch diameter vent connector should be used
with the 150,000 Btu/h furnace. Since both vent
connector horizontal lengths are less than the
maximum lengths listed in Table 5-8, the table values
can be used without adjustments.

In the Common Vent Capacity portion of Table
5-15, find the row associated with a 30-foot vent
height and read over to the NAT + NAT portion of
the 6-inch diameter column to find a maximum
combined capacity of 257,000 Btu/h. Since the two
appliances total only 185,000 Btu/h, a 6-inch
common vent can be used.

G.2.2 Example 5 (a): Common Venting a Draft-
Hood-Equipped Water Heater with a Fan-Assisted
Furnace into a Type B Vent. In this case, a 35,000-
Btu/h input draft-hood-equipped water heater with a
4-inch diameter draft hood outlet, 2-feet of connector
rise, and 4-feet of horizontal length is to be common
vented with a 100,000 Btu/h fan-assisted furnace
with a 4-inch diameter flue collar, 3-feet of connector
rise, and 6-feet of horizontal length. The common
vent consists of a 30-foot height of Type B vent. What
are the recommended vent diameters for each
connector and the common vent? The installer would
like to use a single-wall metal vent connector. See
Figure G.2.2.

Solution (See Table 5-15)

Water Heater Vent Connector Diameter. Since
the water heater vent cormector horizontal length of
4 feet is less than the maximum value listed in Table
5-15, the venting table values can be used without
adjustment. Using the Vent Connector Capacity
portion of Table 5-15, read down the Total Vent
Height (H) column to 30 feet and read across the 2-
feet Connector Rise (R) row to the first Btu/h rating

Combined capacity
35,000+100,000 =
135,000 Btuilir

Type B
-double-wall
gas vent 30 ft

For SI units, 1000 Btu/hr = 0.293 kW, 1 ft = 0.305 m.

FIGURE G.2.2 Common Venting a Draft Hood-Equipped
Water Heater with a Fan-Asristed Furnace into a Type B
Double-WaU Common Vent — Example 5<a).

TABLE G.2.3

Masonry Chimney Liner Dimensions with Circular

Equivalents

Inside

Inside

Diameter

Nominal Dimensions

or Equivalent

Equivalent

Liner Size of Liner

Diameter

Area

(in.)

(in.)

(in.)

(in.^)

4x8

2-1/2x6-1/2

4.0

12.2

5.0

19.6

6.0

28.3

7.0

38.3

8x8

6-3/4 x 6-3/4

7.4

42.7

8.0

50.3

8x12

6-1/2x10-1/2

9.0

63.6

10.0

78.5

12x12

9-3/4 X 9-3/4

10.4

83.3

11.0

95.0

12x16

9-1/2x13-1/2

11.8

107.5

12.0

113.0

14.0

153.9

16x16

13-1/4x13-1/4

14.5

162.9

15.0

176.7

16x20

13x17

16.2

206.1

18.0

254.4

20x20

16-3/4 X 16-3/4

18.2

260.2

20.0

314.1

20x24

16-1/2x20-1/2

20.1

314.2

22.0

380.1

24x24

20-1/4x20-1/4

22.1

380.1

24.0

452.3

24x28

20-1/4x24-1/4

24.1

456.2

28x28

24-1/4x24-1/4

26.4

543.3

27.0

572.5

30x30

25-1/2x25-1/2

27.9

607.0

30.0

706.8

30x36

25-1/2x31-1/2

30.9

749.9

33.0

855.3

36x36

31-1/2x31-1/2

34.4

929.4

36.0

1017.9

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 in.^ = 645 mirf.
Note: When liner sizes differ dimensionally from those shown in this
table, equivalent diameters can be determined from published tables for
square and rectangular ducts of equivalent carrying capacity or by
other engineering methods.

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91

G.2.2-G.2.4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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in the NAT Max column that is equal to or greater
than the water heater input rating. The table shows
that a 3-inch vent connector has a maximum input
rating of 37,000 Btu/h. Although this rating is
greater than the water heater input rating, a 3-inch
vent connector is prohibited by Section 511.1.1(5). A
4-inch vent connector has a n\axin\um input rating of
67,000 Btu/h and is equal to the draft hood outlet
diameter. A 4-inch vent connector is selected. Since
the water heater is equipped with a draft hood, there
are no minimuni input rating restrictions.

Furnace Vent Connector Diameter. Using the Vent
Connector Capacity portion of Table 5-15, read down
the Total Vent Height (H) column to 30 feet and
across the 3-foot Connector Rise (R) row. Since the
furnace has a fan-assisted combustion system, find
the first FAN Max column with a Btu/h rating
greater than the furnace input rating. The 4-inch
vent connector has a maximum input rating of
119,000 Btu/h and a minimum input rating of 85,000
Btu/h.

The 100,000-Btu/h furnace in this example falls
within this range, so a 4-inch connector is adequate.
Since the furnace vent connector horizontal length of
6 feet is less than the maximum value listed in Table
5-8, the venting table values can be used without
adjustment. If the furnace had an input rating of
80,000 Btu/h, then a Type B vent connector would be
needed in order to meet the minimum capacity limit,
(see Table 5-14)

Common Vent Diameter. The total input to the
common vent is 135,000 Btu/h. Using the Common
Vent Capacity portion of Table 5-15, read down the
Vent Height (H) column to 30 feet and across this
row to find the smallest vent diameter in the FAN +
NAT column that has a Btu/h rating equal to or
greater than 135,000 Btu/h. The 4-inch common
vent has a capacity of 132,000 Btu/h and the 5-inch
common vent has a capacity of 202,000 Btu/h.
Therefore, the 5-inch common vent should be used in
this example.

Summary: In this example, the installer can use a 4-
inch diameter, single-wall metal vent connector for
the water heater and a 4-inch-diameter, single-wall
metal vent cormector for the furnace. The common
vent should be a 5-inch-diameter Type B vent.

G.2.3 Example 5 (b): Common Venting into an
Interior Masonry Chimney. In this case, the water
heater and fan-assisted furnace of Example 5 (a) are
to be common-vented into a clay-tile-lined masonry
chimney with a 30-foot height. The chimney is not
exposed to the outdoors below the roof line. The
internal dimensions of the clay tile liner are
nominally 8 inches x 12 inches. Assuming the same
vent cormector heights, laterals, and materials found

in example 5 (a), what are the recommended vent

connector diameters, and is this an acceptable

installation?

Solution

Table 5-17 is used to size common venting

installations involving single-wall connectors into

masonry chimneys.

Water Heater Vent Connector Diameter. Using
Table 5-17, Vent Connector Capacity, read down the
Vent Height (H) column to 30 feet, and read across
the 2-foot Connector Rise (R) row to the first Btu/h
rating in the NAT Max column that is equal to or
greater than the water heater input rating. The table
shows that a 3-inch vent connector has a maximum
input of only 31,000 Btu/h, while a 4-inch vent
connector has a maximum input of 57,000 Btu/h. A
4-inch vent connector must therefore be used.

Furnace Vent Connector Diameter. Using the Vent
Connector Capacity portion of Table 5-17, read down
the total Vent Height (H) column to 30 feet and
across the 3-feet Connector Rise (R) row. Because the
furnace has a fan-assisted combustion system, find
the first FAN Max column with a Btu/h rating
greater than the furnace input rating. The 4-inch vent
connector has a maximum input rating of 127,000
Btu/h and a minimum input rating of 95,000 Btu/h.
The 100,000 Btu/h furnace in this example falls
within this range, so a 4-inch connector is adequate.

Masonry Chimney. From Table G.2.3, the
equivalent area for a nominal liner size of 8 inches x
12 inches is 63.6 inchest Using Table 5-17, Common
Vent Capacity, read down the FAN + NAT column
under the Minimum Internal Area of Chimney value
of 63 to the row for 30-foot height to find a capacity
value of 739,000 Btu/h. The combined input rating
of the furnace and water heater, 135,000 Btu/h, is
less than the table value so this is an acceptable
installation.

Section 511.1.9 requires the common vent area to be
no greater than seven times the smallest listed
appliance categorized vent area, flue collar area, or
draft hood outlet area. Both appliances in this
installation have 4-inch-diameter outlets. From Table
G.2.3, the equivalent area for an inside diameter of 4-
inch is 12.2 in.l Seven times 12.2 equals 85.4,, which is
greater than 63.6, so this configuration is acceptable.

G.2.4 Example 5 (c): Common Venting into an
Exterior Masonry Chimney. In this case, the water
heater and fan-assisted furnace of Examples 5(a) and
5(b) are to be common-vented into an exterior
masonry chimney. The chimney height, clay-tile-
liner dimensions, and vent connector heights and
laterals are the same as in Example 5(b). This system
is being installed in Charlotte, North Carolina. Does
this exterior masonry chimney need to be relined? If

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92

WATER HEATERS

G.2.4

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SO, what corrugated metallic liner size is
recommeiided? What vent connector diameters are
recommended? See Table G.2.3 and Figure 5-13.
Solution

According to 511.2.18, Type B velit cormectors
are required to be used with exterior masonry
chimneys. Use Table 5-21 and Table 5-22 to size
FAN+NAT common venting installations involving
Type-B double-wall connectors into exterior
masonry chimneys.

The local 99 percent winter design temperature
needed to use Table 5-21 and Table 5-22 can be found
in the ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals. For Qiarlotte,
North Carolina, this design temperature is 19°F.

Chimney Liner Requirement. As in Example 5 (b),
use the 63 tn.^ column of Table 5-21 to the 30 ft height
row to find that the combined appliance maximum
input is 747,000 Btu/h. The combined input rating
of the appliance in this insta;llation, 135,000 Btu/h, is
less than the maximum value, so this criterion is
satisfied. Table 5-22, at a 19°F design temperature,
and at the same vent height and internal area used
earlier, shows that the minimum allowable input
rating of a space-heating appliance is 470,000 Btu/h.
The furnace input rating of 100,000 Btu/h is less than
this minimum value. So this criterion is not satisfied,
and an alternative venting design needs to be used,
such as a Type B vent shown in Example 5(a) or a
listed chimney liner system shov^m in the rest of the
example.

According to Section 511.1.6, Table 5-9 or Table
5-10 are used for sizing corrugated metallic liners in
masonry chimneys, with the maximum common
vent capacities reduced by 20 percent. This example
will be continued assuming T)rpe B vent connectors.

Water Heater Vent Connector Diameter. Using
Table 5-14 Connector Capacity, read down the total
Vent Height (H) column to 30 feet, and read across
the 2-foot Connector Rise (R) row to the first
Btu/hour rating in the NAT Max column that is
equal to or greater than the water heater input
rating. The table shows that a 3 in. vent connector
has a maximum capacity of 39,000 Btu/h. Although
this rating is greater than the water heater input
rating, a 3-inch vent connector is prohibited by
511.1.6. A 4 in. vent cormector has a maximum input
rating of 70,000 Btu/h and is equal to the draft hood
outlet diameter. A 4-inch vent connector is selected.

Furnace Vent Connector Diameter. Using Table 5-
14, Vent Connector Capacity, read down the total
Vent Height (H) column to 30 feet, and read across
the 3-foot Connector Rise (R) row to the first Btu/h
rating in the FAN MAX column that is equal to or
greater than the furnace input rating. The 100,000
Btu/h furnace in this example falls within this range,
so a 4-inch connector is adequate.

Chimney Liner Diameter. The total input to the
common vent is 135,000 Btu/h. Using the Common
Vent Capacity portion of Table 5-14, read down the
total Vent Height (H) column to 30 feet and across
this row to find the smallest vent diameter in the
FAN + NAT column that has a Btu/h rating greater
than 135,000 Btu/h. The 4 in. common vent has a
capacity of 138,000 Btu/h. Reducing the maximum
capacity by 20 percent (see 511.2.19) results in a
maximum capacity for a 4-inch corrugated liner of
110,000 Btu/h, less than the total input of 135,000
Btu/h. So a larger liner is needed. The 5-inch
common vent capacity listed in Table 5-14 is 210,000
Btu/h, and after reducing by 20 percent is 168,000
Btu/h. Therefore, a 5-inch corrugated metal liner
should be used in this example.

Single Wall Connectors. Once it has been
established that relining the chimney is necessary.
Type B double-wall vent connectors are not
specifically required. This example could be redone
using Table 5-15 for single-wall vent connectors. For
this case, the vent connector and liner diameters
would be the same as found for Type B double-wall
connectors.

The following is originally from NFPA 54, which
contains additional reference.

Example of Combination of Indoor and Outdoor
Combustion and Ventilation Opening Design.

J.l Example of Combination Indoor and Outdoor
Combustion Air Opening. Determine the required
combination of indoor and outdoor combustion air
opening sizes for the following equipment
installation example.

Example Installation: A fan-assisted furnace and a
draft-hood-equipped water heater with the following
inputs are located in a 15-foot x 30-foot basement
with an 8-foot ceiling. No additional indoor spaces
can be used to help meet the equipment combustion
air needs.

Fan-Assisted Furnace Input: 100,000 Btu/h

Draft-Hood-Equipped Water Heater Input:

40,000 Btu/h

Solution

(1) Determine the total available room volume:
Equipment room volim\e: 15 feet x 30 feet with an
8-foot ceiling = 3,600 feet^

(2) Determine the total required volume: The standard
method to determine combustion air will be
used to calculate the required volume.

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93

G.2.4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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the basement is calculated as follows:
100,000 Btu/h +40,000 Btu/h = 140,000 Btu/h
The Standard Method requires that the required
volume be determined based on 50 cubic feet per
1,000 Btu/hour. Using Table A.9.3.2.1, the
required volume for a 140,000 Btu/h water
heater is 7,000 feet\

Conclusion: Indoor volume is insufficient to
supply combustion air since the total of 3,600 feet^
does not meet the required volume of 7000 feet^.
Therefore, additional combustion air must be
provided from the outdoors.

(3) Determine ratio of the available volume to the

required volume:
3,600 it' = 0.51
7000 ft.^

(4) Determine the reduction factor to be used to
reduce the full outdoor air opening size to the
minimum required based on ratio of indoor
spaces:

1.00 - 0.51 (from Step 3) = 0.49

(5) Determine the single outdoor combustion air
opening size as if all combustion air is to come
from outdoors. In this example, the combustion
air opening directly communicates with the outdoors.

140,000 Bhi/h= 47 in.^
3,000 Btu/in.'

(6) Determine the minimum outdoor combustion
air opening area:

Outdoor opening area = 0.49

(from Step 4) x 47 in.-= 23 in.'
Section 507.3 requires the minimum dimension of the
air opening should not be less than 3 inches.

TABLE A.9.3.2.1
Standard Method Volume, Ail Appliances

Appliance Input

Required Volume

(Btu/h)

(ft.^)

5,000

250

10,000

500

15,000

750

20,000

1,000

25,000

1,250

30,000

1,500

35,000

1,750

40,000

2,000

45,000

2,250

50,000

2,500

55,000

2,750

60,000

3,000

65,000

3,250

70,000

3,500

75,000

3,750

80,000

4,000

85,000

4,250

90,000

4,500

95,000

4,750

100,000

5,000

105,000

5,250

110,000

5,500

115,000

5,750

120,000

6,000

125,000

6,250

130,000

6,500

135,000

6,750

140,000

7,000

145,000

7,250

150,000

7,500

160,000

8,000

170,000

8,500

180,000

9,000

190,000

9,500

200,000

10,000

210,000

10,500

220,000

11,000

230,000

11,500

240,000

12,000

250,000

12,500

260,000

13,000

270,000

13,500

280,000

14,000

290,000

14,500

300,000

15,000

507.4.1 See Figure 5-8 • 507.4.1(1) See Figure 5-9 and
Figure 5-10 • 507.4.1(2) See Figure 5-11 • 507.4.2 See
Figure 5-12 • For information on gas convenience
outlets, see AGA 7-90, Requirements for Gas Convenience
Outlets.

94

CHAPTER 6

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

601.0 Running Water Required.

601.1 Except where not deemed necessary for safety
or sanitation by the Authority Having Jurisdiction,
each plumbing fixture shall be provided with an
adequate supply of potable running water piped
thereto in an approved manner, so arranged as to
flush and keep it in a clean and sanitary condition
without danger of backflow or cross-connection.
Water closets and urinals shall be flushed by means
of an approved flush tank or flushometer valve. In
jurisdictions that adopt Chapter 16, water closets,
urinals, and trap primers in designated non-
residential buildings may be provided with
reclaimed water as defined and regulated by
Chapter 16 of this code.

Exception: Listed fixtures that do not require
water for their operation and are not connected
to the water supply.

601.2 Identification of a Potable and Nonpotable
Water System. In all buildings where potable water
and nonpotable water systems are installed, each
system shall be clearly identified. Each system shall
be color coded as follows:

601.2.1 Potable Water - Green background
with white lettering.

601 .2.2 Nonpotable Water - YeUow background
with black lettering, with the words "Caution:
Nonpotable water, do not drink."

Each system shall be identified with a
colored band to designate the liquid being
conveyed, and the direction of normal flow shall
be clearly shown. The minimum size of the
letters and length of the color field shall conform
to Table 6-1.

A colored identification band shall be
indicated every twenty (20) feet (6096 mm) but
at least once per room, and shall be visible from
the floor level.

Where vacuum breakers or backflow
preventers are installed with fixtures listed in
Table 14-1, identification of the discharge side
may be omitted. Each outlet on the nonpotable
water line that could be used for special
purposes shall be posted as follows:

"Caution: Nonpotable water, do not drink."

601.2.3 Reclaimed Water - Purple (Pantone
color #512) background and shall be imprinted
in nominal 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) high, black upper-
case letters, with the words "Caution: Reclaimed
water, do not drink."

601.3 Faucets and diverters shall be connected to the
water distribution system so that hot water
corresponds to the left side of the fittings.

TABLE 6-1
Minimum Length of Color Field and Size of Letters

Outside Diameter

[\/linimum Lengtii

Minimum Size

of Pipe or

Covering

of Color Field

of Letters

inches

(mm)

Inches

(mm)

inches

(mm)

1/2 to 1-1/4

(15 to 32)

8

(203)

1/2

(12.7)

1-1/2 to 2

(40 to 50)

8

(203)

3/4

(19.1)

2-1/2 to 6

(65 to 150)

12

(305)

1-1/4

(32)

8 to 10

(200 to 250;

1 24

(619)

2-1/2

(64)

Over 10

(Over 250)

32

(813)

3-1/2

(89)

602.0 Unlawful Connections

602.1 No installation of potable water supply piping
or part thereof shall be made in such a maimer that it
will be possible for used, unclean, polluted, or
contaminated water, mixtures, or substances to enter
any portion of such piping from any tank, receptor,
equipment, or plumbing fixture by reason of back-
siphonage, suction, or any other cause, either during
normal use and operation thereof, or when any such
tank, receptor, equipment, or plumbing fixture is
flooded or subject to pressure in excess of the
operating pressure in the hot or cold water piping.

602.2 No person shall make a connection or allow one
to exist between pipes or conduits carrying domestic
w^ater supplied by any public or private w^ater service
system, and any pipes, conduits, or fixtures
containing or carrying water from any other source or
containing or carrying water that has been used for
any purpose whatsoever, or any piping carrying
chemicals, liquids, gases, or any substances
whatsoever, unless there is provided a backflow
prevention device approved for the potential hazard
and maintained in accordance with this code. Each
point of use shall be separately protected when
potential cross-contamination of individual units exists.

602.3 No plumbing fixture, device, or construction
shall be installed or maintained or shall be connected
to any domestic water supply when such installation
or connection may provide a possibility of polluting
such water supply or may provide a cross-
connection between a distributing system of water
for drinking and domestic purposes and water that

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602.3 - Table 6-2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

may become contaminated by such plumbing
fixture, device, or construction unless there is
provided a backflow prevention device approved for
the potential hazard.

602.4 No water piping supplied by any private
water supply system shall be connected to any other
source of supply without the approval of the
Authority Having Jurisdiction, Health Department,
or other department having jurisdiction.

603.0 Cross-connection Control.

Cross-connection control shall be provided in ac-
cordance with the provisions of this chapter.

No person shall install any water-operated
equipment or mechanism, or use any water-treating

chemical or substance, if it is found that such
equipment, mechanism, chemical, or substance may
cause pollution or contamination of the domestic
water supply. Such equipment or mechanism may be
permitted only when equipped with an approved
backflow prevention device or assembly.

603.1 Approval of Devices or Assemblies. Before
any device or assembly is installed for the prevention
of backflow, it shall have first been approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. Devices or assemblies
shall be tested for conformity with recognized stan-
dards or other standards acceptable to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction that are consistent with the
intent of this code.

All devices or assemblies installed in a potable
water supply system for protection against backflow

TABLE 6-2
Backflow Prevention Devices, Assemblies, and Methods

Degree of Hazard

Device,
Assembly, or
Method'

Pollution
(Low Hazard)

Contamination
(High Hazard)

Installation ^'

Back Siphonage

Back Pressure

Back Siphonage

Back Pressure

Airgap

X

X

See Table 6-3 in this chapter.

Atmospheric

Vacuum

Breaker

X

X

Upright position. No valve
downstream. Minimum of six (6)
inches (152 mm) or listed distance
above all downstream piping and
flood-level rim of receptor.^ '

1 Spill-Resistant
Pressure-Type
Vacuum
Breaker

X

X

X

Upright position. Minimum of six
(6) inces (152 rmn) or Usted
distance above all downstream
piping and flood-level rim of '
receptor.'

Double Check
Valve Backflow
Preventer

X

X

Horizontal, unless otherwise
listed. Requires one (1) foot
minimum clearance at bottom for
maintenance. May need
platform/ladder for test and
repair. Does not discharge water.

Pressure
Vacuum
Breaker

X

X

Upright position. Mayhave
valves downstream. Minimum of
twelve (12) inches (305 mm) above
all downstream, piping and flood-
level rim of receptor. May
discharge water.

Reduced
Pressure
Principle '
Backflow
Preventer

X

X

X

X

Horizontal unless otherwise
listed. Requires one (1) foot (305
mm) minimum clearance at
bottom for maintenance. May
need platform ladder for test and
repair. May discharge water.

' See description of devices and assemblies in this chapter.

^ Installation in pit or vault requires previous approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

^ Refer to general and specific requireirient for installation.

" Not to be subjected to operating pressvire for more than 12 hours in any 24-hour period.

' For deck-mounted and equipment-moimted vacuum breaker, see Section 603.4.15.

96

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

603.1 -Table 6-3

shall be maintained in good working condition by
the person or persons having control of such devices
or assemblies. Such devices or assemblies shall be
tested at the time of installation, repair, or relocation
and at least on an annual schedule thereafter, or
more often when required by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. If found to be defective or inoperative,
the device or assembly shall be repaired or replaced.
No device or assembly shall be removed from use or
relocated or other device or assembly substituted,
without the approval of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

Testing shall be performed by a certified
backflow assembly tester.

603.2 Backflow Prevention Devices, Assemblies,
and l\/lethods.

603.2.1 Airgap. The minimum airgap to afford
backflow protection shall be in accordance with
Table 6-3.

603.2.2 Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB).

An atmospheric vacuum breaker consists of a
body, a checking member, and an atmospheric
opening.

603.2.3 Hose Connection Backflow Preventer.

A hose connection backflow preventer consists of
two independent check valves with an independent
atmospheric vent between and a means of field
testing and draining.

603.2.4 Double Check Valve Backflow Preven-
tion Assembly (DC). A double check valve
backflow prevention assembly consists of
two independently acting internally loaded check
valves, four properly located test cocks, and
two isolation valves.

603.2.5 Pressure Vacuum Breaker Backflow
Prevention Assembly (PVB). A pressure
vacuum breaker backflow prevention assembly
consists of a loaded air inlet valve, an internally
loaded check valve, two (2) properly located test

TABLE 6-3
Minimum Airgaps for Water Distribution"

Fixtures

When not affected
by sidewalls^
Inches (mm)

When affected by

sidewalP

Inches (mm)

Effective openings^ not greater
than one-half (1/2) inch (12.7 mm)
in diameter

1 (25.4)

1-1/2 (38)

Effective openings^ not greater
than three-quarters (3/4) inch
(20 mm) in diameter

1-1/2 (38)

2-1/4 (57)

Effective openings^ not greater
than one (1) inch (25 mm) in
diameter

2 (51)

■

3 (76)

Effective openings' greater than
one (1) inch (25 mm) in diameter

Two (2) times

diameter of

effective opening

Three (3) times

diameter of
effective opening

' Sidewalls, ribs, or similar obstructions do not affect airgaps when spaced from the inside edge of the spout opening a distance
greater than three times the diameter of the effective opening for a single wall, or a distance greater than four times the effective
opening for two intersecting walls.

^ Vertical walls, ribs, or similar obstructions extending from the water surface to or above the horizontal plane of the spout opening
other than specified in Note 1 above. The effect of three or more such vertical walls or ribs has not been determined. In such cases,
the airgap shall be measured from the top of the wall.

' The effective opening shall be the minimum cross-sectional area at the seat of the control valve or the supply pipe or tubing that
feeds the device or outlet. If two or more lines supply one outlet, the effective opening shall be the sum of the cross-sectional areas
of the individual supply lines or the area of the single outlet, whichever is smaller.

" Airgaps less than one (1) inch (25.4 mm) shall be approved only as a permanent part of a listed assembly that has been tested
under actual backflow conditions with vacuums of to 25 inches (635 mm) of mercury.

97

603.2 - 603.4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

cocks, and two (2) isolation valves. This device
shall be installed indoors only if provisions for
spillage are provided.

603.2.6 Pressure Vacuum Breaker Spill-
Resistant-Type Backflow Prevention
Assembly (SVB). A pressure-type vacuum
breaker backflow prevention assembly consists
of one (1) check valve force-loaded closed and
an air inlet vent valve force-loaded open to
atmosphere, positioned downstream of the check
valve, and located between and including two
(2) tightly closing shutoff valves and test cocks.

603.2.7 Reduced-Pressure Principle Backflow
Prevention Assembly (RP). A reduced-pressure
principle backflow prevention assembly consists
of two independently acting internally loaded
check valves, a differential pressure-relief valve,
four properly located test cocks, and two
isolation valves.

603.3 General Requirements.

603.3.1 All assemblies shall conform to listed
standards and be acceptable to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction, with jurisdiction over the
selection and installation of backflow prevention
assemblies.

603.3.2 Where niore than one (1) backflow
prevention valve is installed on a single premise,
and the valves are installed in one location, each
separate valve shall be permanently identified
by the permittee in a manner satisfactory to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

603.3.3 The premise owner or responsible
person shall have the backflow prevention
assenrvbly tested by a certified backflow assembly
tester at the time of installation, repair, or
relocation and at least on an annual schedule
thereafter, or more often when required by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. The periodic
testing shall be performed in accordance with
the procedures referenced in Table 14-1 by a
tester qualified in accordance with those standards.

603.3.4 Access and clearance shall be provided
for the required testing, maintenance, and repair.
Access and clearance shall require a minimum of
one (1) foot (305 mm) between the lowest
portion of the assembly and grade, floor, or
platform. Installations elevated more than five
(5) feet (1524 mm) above the floor or grade shall
be provided with a permanent platform capable
of supporting a tester or maintenance person.

603.3.5 Direct connections between potable
water piping and sewer-connected wastes shall
not exist under any condition with or without
backflow protection. Where potable water is
discharged to the drainage system, it shall be by
means of an approved airgap of two (2) pipe

diameters of the supply inlet, but in no case shall
the gap be less than one (1) inch (25 m.m).
Connection may be made to the inlet side of a
trap provided that an approved vacuum breaker
is installed not less than six (6) inches (152 mm),
or the distance according to the device's listing,
above the flood-level rim of such trapped
fixture, so that at no time will any such device
be subjected to any back-pressure.

603.3.6 Backflow preventers for hot water over
110°F (43.3°C) shall be a type designed to op-
erate at temperatures of 110°F (43.3°C) or more
without rendering any portion of the assembly
inoperative.

603.3.7 Fixtures, appliances, or appurtenances
with integral backflow preventers or integral
airgaps manufactured as a unit shall be installed
in accordance with their listing requirements
and the manufacturers' instructions.

603.3.8 In cold climate areas, backflow
assemblies and devices shall be protected from
freezing with an outdoor enclosure or by a i
method acceptable to the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

603.3.9 All drain lines serving backflow devices
or assemblies shall be sized in accordance with
the discharge rates of the manufacturers' flow
charts of such devices or assemblies.

603.3.10 Design and Installation of Plumbing
Fixtures. Plum^bing fixtures shall be installed
such that fixture fittings, complying with the
backflow prevention requirements of ASME
A112.18.1, do not have these requirements
compromised by the designated fixture fitting
mounting surface.

603.4 Specific Requirements.

603.4.1 Water closet and urinal flushometer
valves shall be equipped with an atmospheric
vacuum breaker. The vacuum breaker shall be
installed on the discharge side of the flushometer
valve with the critical level at least six (6) inches
(152 mm), or the distance according to its listing,
above the overflow rim of a water closet bowl or
the highest part of a urinal.

603.4.2 Water closet and urinal tanks shall be
equipped with a ballcock. The ballcock shall be
installed with the critical level at least one (1)
inch (25.4 mm) above the full opening of the
overflow pipe. In cases where the ballcock has no
hush tube, the bottom of the water supply inlet
shall be installed one (1) inch (25.4 mm) above
the full opening of the overflow pipe.

603.4.3 Water closet flushometer tanks shall be
protected against backflow by an approved
backflow prevention assembly, device, or method.

98

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

603.4

603.4.4 Heat Exchangers.

603.4.4.1 Heat exchangers used for heat
trarisfer, heat recovery, or solar heating shall
protect the potable water system from being
contaminated by the heat transfer medium.
Single-wall heat exchangers used in indirect-
fired water heaters shall meet the require-
ments of Section 506.4.2. Double-wall heat
exchangers shall separate the potable water
from the heat-transfer medium by providing
a space between the two walls that is vented
to tile atmosphere.

603.4.5 Water supply inlets to tanks, vats,
sumps, swimming pools, and other receptors
shall be protected by one of the following
means:

(1) An approved airgap.

(2) A listed vacuum breaker installed on the
discharge side of the last valve with the
critical level not less than six (6) inches (152
mm) or in accordance with its listing.

(3) A backflow preventer suitable for the
contamination or pollution, installed in
accordance with the requirements for that
type of device or assembly as set forth in
this chapter.

603.4.6 Protection from Lawn Sprinklers and
Irrigation Systems.

603.4.6.1 Potable water supplies to systems
having no piomps or coruiections for pumping
equipment, and no chemical injection or
provisions for chemical injection, shall be
protected from backflow by one of the
following devices:

(1) Atmospheric vacuum breaker

(2) Pressure vacuum breaker

(3) Spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker

(4) Reduced-pressure backflow preventer

603.4.6.2 Where sprinkler and irrigation
systems have pumps, connections for pumping
equipment, or auxiliary air tanks, or are
otherwise capable of creating back-pressiire, the
potable water supply shall be protected by
the following type of device if the backflow
device is located upstream from the source
of back-pressure:

(1) Reduced-pressure backflow preventer

603.4.6.3 Where systems have a backflow
device installed downstream from a potable
water supply pump or a potable water supply
pump connection, the device shall be one of
the following:

(1) Atmospheric vacuum breaker

(2) Pressure vacuum breaker

(3) Spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker

(4) Reduced-pressure backflow preventer

603.4.6.4 Where systems include a chemical
injector or any provisions for chemical injection,
the potable water supply shall be protected
by the following:

(1) Reduced-pressure backflow preventer

603.4.7 Potable water outlets with hose
attachments, other than water heater drains,
boiler drains, and clothes washer connections,
shall be protected by a nonremovable hose-bibb-
type backflow preventer, a nonremovable hose
bibb-type vacuum breaker, or by an atmospheric
vacuum breaker installed at least six (6) inches
(152 mm) above the highest point of usage
located on the discharge side of the last valve. In
climates where freezing temperatures occur, a
listed self-draining frost-proof hose bibb with an
integral backflow preventer or vacuum breaker
shall be used.

603.4.8 Water-cooled compressors, degreasers,
or any other water-cooled equipment shall be
protected by a backflow preventer installed in
accordance with the requirem.ents of this chapter.
Note:

Water-cooled equipment that produces back-
pressure shall be equipped with the appropriate
protection.

603.4.9 Water inlets to water-supplied
aspirators shall be equipped with a vacuum
breaker installed in accordance with its listing
requirements and this chapter. The discharge
shall drain through an airgap. When the
tailpiece of a fixture to receive the discharge of
an aspirator is used, the airgap shall be located
above the flood-level rim of the fixture.

603.4.10 Potable water makeup connections to
steam or hot water boilers shall be provided
with a listed backflow protection assembly.

603.4.11 Nonpotable Water Piping. In cases
where it is impractical to correct individual
cross-connections on the domestic waterline, the
line supplying such outlets shall be considered a
nonpotable water line. No drinking or domestic
water outlets shall be connected to the non-
potable waterline. Whenever possible, all
portions of the nonpotable waterline shall be ex-
posed, and all exposed portions shall be properly
identified in a manner satisfactory to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. Each outlet on the
nonpotable waterline that may be used for
drinking or domestic purposes shall be posted:
"Caution: Nonpotable water, do not drink."

603.4.12 Potable water supply to carbonators
shall be protected by either an airgap or a vented

99

603.4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

backflow preventer for carbonated beverage
dispensers installed within the carbonated
beverage dispenser. The carbonated beverage
dispenser shall bear the label of an approved
testing agency, certifying and attesting that such
equipment has been tested and inspected and
meets the requirements of the approved
applicable standard. Carbonated beverage
dispensers without an approved internal airgap
or vented backflow preventer for carbonated
beverage dispensers and carbonated beverage
dispensing systems shall have the water supply
protected with a vented backflow preventer for
carbonated beverage dispensers.

603.4.13 Water Treatment Units. Reverse osmosis
drinking water treatment units shall meet the
requirements of the appropriate standards
referenced in Table 14-1. Waste or discharge
from reverse osmosis or other types of water
treatment units shall enter the drainage system
through an airgap.

603.4.14 Backflow preventers shall not be
located in any area containing fumes that are
toxic, poisonous, or corrosive.

603.4.15 Deck-mounted or equipment-mounted
vacuum breakers shall be installed in accordance
with their listing and the manufacturers'
instructions, with the critical level not less than
one (1) inch (25.4 mm) above the flood-level rim.

603.4.16 Protection from Fire Systems.

603.4.16.1 Except as provided under
Sections 603.4.16.2 and 603.4.16.3, potable
water supplies to fire protection systems
that are normally under pressure, including
but not limited to standpipes and automatic
sprinkler systems, except in one- or two-
family residential sprinkler systems, piped in
materials approved for potable water
distribution systems shall be protected from
back-pressure and back-siphonage by one of
the following testable devices:

(1) Double check valve assembly

(2) Double check detector assembly

(3) Reduced pressure backflow preventer

(4) Reduced pressure detector assembly

Potable water supplies to fire protection
systems that are not normally under
pressure shall be protected from backflow
and shall meet the requirements of the
appropriate standards referencedin Table 14-1.

603.4.16.2 Where fire protection systems
supplied from a potable water system
include a fire department (siamese) connec-
tion that is located less than seventeen

hundred (1,700) feet (518.2 m) from a non-
potable water source that could be used by
the fire department as a secondary water
supply, the potable w^ater supply shall be
protected by one of the following:

(1) Reduced pressure backflow preventor

(2) Reduced pressure detector assembly

Note:

Nonpotable water sources include fire
department vehicles carrying water of
questionable quality or water that is treated
with antifreeze, corrosion inhibitors, or
extinguishing agents.

603.4.16.3 Where antifreeze, corrosion
inhibitors, or other chemicals are added to a
fire protection system supplied from a
potable water supply, the potable water
system shall be protected by one of the
following:

(1) Reduced pressure backflow preventer

(2) Reduced pressure detector assembly

603.4.16.4 Whenever a backflow device is
installed in the potable water supply to a
fire protection system, the hydraulic design
of the system shall account for the pressure
drop through the backflow device. If such
devices are retrofitted for an existing fire
protection system, the hydraulics of the
sprinkler system design shall be checked to
verify that there will be sufficient water
pressure available for satisfactory operation
of the fire sprinklers.

603.4.16.5 Residential Sprinlcler Systems.

When residential sprinkler systemis are
installed using the potable water system,
they shall be installed in accordance with
the standards listed in Table 14-1.

603.4.17 Special Equipment, Water Supply
Protection. Vacuum breakers for washer-hose
bedpans shall be located not less than five (5)
feet (1,524 mm) above the floor. Hose connections
in health care or laboratory areas shall not be less
than six (6) feet (1,829 mm) above the floor.

603.4.18 Portable cleaning equipment, dental
vacuum pumps, and chemical dispensers shall
be protected from backflow by an airgap, an
atmospheric vacuum breaker, a spill-proof
vacuum breaker, or a reduced pressure principle
backflow preventer.

603.4.19 Water Heater Connectors. Flexible
metallic water heater connectors or reinforced
flexible water heater connectors connecting
water heaters to the piping system shall be in

100

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

603.4-604.13

TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
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compliance with the appropriate standards
listed in Table 14-1.

60314.20 Combination stop-and-waste valves
or cocks shall not be installed underground.

603.4.21 Pure Water Process Systems. The

water supply to a pure water process system,
such as dialysis water systems, semiconductor
washing systems, and similar process piping
systems, shall be protected from back-pressure
and back-siphonage by a reduced-pressure
principle backflow preventer.

603.4.21.1 Dialysis Water Systems. The

individual connections of the dialysis
related equipment to the dialysis pure water
system do not require additional backflow
protection.

603.4.22 Plumbing Fixture Fittings. Plumbing
fixture fittings with integral backflow protection
shall comply with ASME A112.18.1.

604:0 Materials.

604.1 All pipe, tube, and fittings carrying water used
in potable water systems intended to supply drinking
water shall meet the requirements of NSF 61 as foimd
in Table 14-1. All materials used in the water supply
system, except valves and similar devices, shall be of
a like material, except where otherwise approved by
the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

Materials for building water piping and building
supply piping shall be in accordance with Table 6-4
and the standards in Table 14-1.

604.2 Copper tube for water piping shall have a
weight of not less than Type L.

Exception: Type M copper tubing may be used
for water piping when piping is aboveground
in, or on, a building or underground outside of
structures.

1604.3 All hard-drawn copper tubing for water supply
and distribution in addition to the required incised
marking, shall be marked in accordance with ASTM
B 88 Seamless Copper Water Tube as listed in Table 14-
1. The colors shall be: Type K, green; Type L, blue;
Type M, red.

604.4 Listed flexible copper water cormectors shall be
installed in readily accessible locations, unless
otherwise listed.

604.5 Cast-iron fittings up to and including two (2)
inches (51 mm) in size, when used in connection
with potable water piping/shall be galvanized.

604.6 All malleable iron water fittings shall be
galvanized.

604.7 Piping and tubing that has previously been used
for any purpose other than for potable water systems
shall not be used.

604.8 Approved plastic materials may be used in
water service piping, provided that where metal
water service piping is used for electrical grounding
purposes, replacement piping therefore shall be of
like materials.

Exception: Where a grounding system acceptable
to the Authority Having Jurisdiction is installed,
inspected, and approved, metallic pipe may be
replaced with nonmetallic pipe.

604.9 Solder shall conform to the requirements of
Section 316.1.3.

604.10 Water pipe and fittings with a lead content
which exceeds eight (8) percent shall be prohibited in
piping systems used to convey potable water.

604.1 1 PEX. Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) tubing
shall be marked with the appropriate standard
designation(s) listed in Table 14-1 for which the tubing
has been approved. PEX tubing shall be installed in
compliance with the provisions of this section.

604.11.1 PEX Fittings. Metal insert fittings,
metal compression fittings, and cold expansion
fittings used with PEX tubing shall be
manufactured to and marked in accordance with
the standards for the fittings in. Table 14-1.

604.11.2 Water Heater Connections. PEX

tubing shall not be installed within the first
eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) of piping
connected to a water heater.

604.12 Flexible Corrugated Connectors. Flexible
corrugated connectors of copper or stainless steel
shall be limited to the following connector lengths:

Water Heater Connectors - twenty-four (24)
inches (609 mm).

Fixture Connectors - thirty (30) inches (762 mm).

Washing Machine Connectors - seventy-two
(72) inches (1827 mm).

Dishwasher and Icemaker Connectors - one

hundred twenty (120) inches (3048 mm).

604.13 PEX-AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE. Crosslinked
polyethylene-aluminum-crosslinked polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX) and polyethylene-aluminum-
polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) composite pipe shall be
marked with the appropriate standard designations
listed in Table 14-1 for which the piping has been
listed or approved. PEX-AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE
piping shall be installed in compliance with the
provisioi\s of this section.

604.13.1 PEX-AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE. Fittings
used with PEX-AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE piping
shall be manufactured to and marked in

101

Table 6-4 -606.1

TABLE 6-4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Material

Water Distribution

Building Supply Pipe : .

Pipe

and Fittings

j . and Fittings

Hot

Cold

Asbestos - Cement

X^

Brass

X

X

. X • '■

Copper

X

X

• . X

Cast Iron

X

X

'x

CPVC

X

X

X

Galvanized Malleable Iron

X

X

X

Galvanized Wrought Iron

X

X

X

Galvanized Steel

X

X

-■:X-..

PE

X

PE-AL-PE

X

X

X

PEX

X

X

• X . •■ .

PEX-AL-PEX

X

X

■ X

PVC

. X •

accordance with the standard for the fittings in
Table 14-1.

604.13.2 Water Heater Connections. PEX-AL-
PEX or PE-AL-PE tubing shall not be installed
within the first eighteen inches (18) (457 mm) of
piping connected to a water heater.

604.14 Water Heater Connectors. Flexible metallic
water heater cormectors or reinforced flexible water
heater connectors connecting water heating to the
piping system shall be in compliance with the
appropriate standards listed in Table 14-1.

605.0 Valves.

605.1 Valves up to and including two (2) inches (51
mm) in size shall be brass or other approved
material. Sizes over two (2) inches (51 mm) may have
cast-iron or brass bodies. Each gate or ball valve shall
be a fuUway type with working parts of non-
corrosive material.

605.2 A fullway valve controlling all outlets shall be
installed on the discharge side of each water meter
and on each unmetered water supply. Water piping
supplying more than one building on any one premises
shall be equipped with a separate fullway valve to each
building, so arranged that the water supply can be
turned on or off to any individual or separate building
provided; however, that supply piping to a single-
family residence and bmlding accessory thereto may be
controlled on one valve. Such shutoff valves shall be
accessible at aU times. A fullway valve shaU be installed
on the discharge piping from water supply tanks at or
near the tank. A fullway valve shall be installed on the
cold water supply pipe to each water heater at or near
the water heater.

605.3 In multidwelling units, one (1) or more shutoff
valves shall be provided in each dwelling unit so
that the water supply to any plumbing fixture or
group of fixtures in that dwelling unit can be shut off
without stopping water supply to fixtures iri other
dwelling units. These valves shall be accessible iri the
dwelling unit that they control.

605.4 All valves used to control two (2) or more
openings shall be fullway gate valves, ball valves, or
other approved valves designed and approved for
the service intended.

605.5 A control valve shall be installed immediately
ahead of each water-supplied appliance and
immediately ahead of each slip joint or appliance
supply.

Parallel water distribution systems shall provide
a control valve either immediately ahead of each
fixture being supplied or installed at the manifold
and shall be identified with the fixture being
supplied.

605.6 All required shutoff or control valves shall be
accessible.

605.7 A single control valve shall be installed on a
water supply line ahead of any automatic metering
valve that supplies a battery of fixtures.

606.0 Joints and Connections.

606.1 Types of Joints.

606.1.1 Flared Joints. Flared joints for soft
copper water tubing shall be made with fittings
meeting approved standards. The tubing shall
be reamed to the full bore, resized to. round, and
expanded with a proper flaring tool.

102

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

606.1 -608.4

606.1.2 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints
for cast-iron water pipe shall conform to
nationally recognized standards.

606.1.3 Mechanically Formed Tee Fittings.

Mechanically extracted collars shall be formed in
a continuous operation consisting of drilling a
pilot hole and drawing out the tube surface to
form a collar having a height not less than three
(3) times the thickness of the branch tube wall.

The branch tube shall be notched to conform
with the inner curve of the run tube and shall have
two (2) dimple /depth stops to ensure that
penetration of the branch tube into the collar is of
sufficient depth for brazing and that the branch
tube does not obstruct the flow in the main line
tube. Etoiple/depth stops shall be in line with the
nm of the tube. The second dimple shall be one
quarter (1/4) inch (6.35 mm) above the first and
shall serve as a visual point of inspection.

All joints shall be brazed in accordance with
Section 316.1.7. Soldered joints shall not be
allowed.

606.2 Use of Joints.

606.2.1 Copper Water Tube. Joints in copper
tubing shall be made by the appropriate use of
approved fittings properly soldered or brazed
together as provided in Section 316.1.3 or 316.1.7
or by means of approved flared or compression
fittings in Section 606.1.1 or 316.1.5. Solder and
soldering flux shall conform to the requirements
of Section 316.1.3. Mechanically formed tee
fittings shall be made by brazing only and shall
conform to the requirements of Section 316.1.7.

606.2.2 Plastic Fittings. Female PVC screwed
fittings for water piping shall be used with
plastic male fittings and plastic male threads only.

606.2.3 Slip Joints. In water piping, slip joints
may be used only on the exposed fixture supply.

607.0 Gravity Supply Tanks.

Gravity tanks for potable water shall be tightly
covered, and have not less than a sixteen (16) square-
inch (10,323 mm^) overflow screened with copper
screen having not less than fourteen (14) nor more
tlian eighteen (18) openings per linear inch (25.4 mm).

608.0 Water Pressure, Pressure Regulators,
Pressure Relief Valves, and Vacuum Relief Valves.

608.1 Inadequate Water Pressure. Whenever the
water pressure in the main or other source of supply
will not provide a residual water pressure of at least
fifteen (15) pounds per square inch (103.4 kPa), after

allowing for friction and other pressure losses, a tank
and a pump or other means that will provide said
fifteen (15) pound (103.4 kPa) pressure shall be
installed. Whenever fixtures and/or fixture fittings
are installed that require residual pressure higher
than fifteen (15) poimds per square inch (103.4 kPa),
that minimum residual pressure shall be provided.

608.2 Excessive Water Pressure. Where static
water pressure in the water supply piping is in |
excess of eighty (80) pounds per square inch (552
kPa), an approved-type pressure regulator preceded
by an adequate strainer shall be installed and the
static pressure reduced to eighty (80) pounds per
square inch (552 kPa) or less. Such regulator(s) shall
control the pressure to all water outlets in the
building unless otherwise approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. Each such regulator
and strainer shall be accessibly located aboveground
or in a vault equipped with a properly sized and
sloped bore-sighted drain to daylight, shall be
protected from freezing, and shall have the strainer
readily accessible for cleaning without removing the
regulator or strainer body or disconnecting the
supply piping. All pipe size determinations shall be
based on eighty (80) percent of the reduced pressure
when using Table 6-6.

608.3 Any water system provided with a check
valve, backflow preventer, or any other normally I
closed device that prevents dissipation of building |
pressure back into the water main shall be provided
with an approved, listed, and adequately sized
expansion tank or other approved device having a
similar function to control thermal expansion. Such
expansion tank or other approved device shall be
installed on the building side of the check valve,
backflow preventer, or other device and shall be
sized and installed in accordance with the manur
facturer's recommendation.

Any w^ater system containing storage water
heating equipment shall be provided with an
approved, listed, adequately sized combination
pressure and temperature relief valve, except for
listed nonstorage instantaneous heaters having an
inside diameter of not more than three (3) inches (80
mm). Each such approved combination temperature
and pressure relief valve shall be installed on the
water-heating device in an approved location based
on its listing requirements and the manufacturer's
instructions. Each such combination temperature
and pressure relief valve shall be provided with a
drain as required in Section 608.5.

608.4 Each pressure relief valve shall be an
approved automatic type with drain, and each such
relief valve shall be set at a pressure of not more than
one hundred fifty (150) pounds per square inch (1035

103

608.4 - 609.6

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

kPa). No shutoff valve shall be installed between the
relief valve and the system or in the drain line.

608.5 Relief valves located inside a building shall be
provided with a drain, not smaller than the relief
valve outlet, of galvanized steel, hard-drawn copper
piping and fittings, CPVC, or listed relief valve drain
tube with fittings that will not reduce the internal
bore of the pipe or tubing (straight lengths as
opposed to coils) and shall extend from the valve to
the outside of the building, with the end of the pipe
not more than two (2) feet (610 mm) nor less than six
(6) inches (152 mm) above the ground or the flood
level of the area receiving the discharge and pointing
downward. Such drains may terminate at other

I approved locations. Relief valve drains shall not

' terminate in a building's crawl space. No part of

such drain pipe shall be trapped or subject to

freezing. The terminal end of the drain pipe shall not

be threaded.

608.6 Any water-heating device connected to a
separate storage tank and having valves between
said heater and tank shall be provided with an
approved water pressure relief valve.

608.7 Vacuum Relief Valves. Where a hot-water
storage tank or an indirect water heater is located at
an elevation above the fixture outlets in the hot-
water system, a vacuum relief valve shall be installed
on the storage tank or heater.

609.0 Installation, Testing, Unions, and Location.

609.1 installation. All water piping shall be
adequately supported in accordance with Section
314.0. Burred ends shall be reamed to the full bore of
the pipe or tube. Changes in direction shall be made
by the appropriate use of fittings, except that
changes in direction in copper tubing may be made
with bends, provided that such bends are made with
bending equipment that does not deform or create a
loss in the cross-sectional area of the tubing. Changes
in direction are allowed with flexible pipe and
tubing without fittings in accordance with the
manufacturer's installation instructions. Provisions
shall be made for expansion in hot-water piping. All
piping, equipment, appurtenances, and devices shall
be installed in a workmanlike marvner in conformity
with the provisions and intent of the code. All water
service yard piping shall be at least twelve (12)
inches (305 mm) below the average local frost depth.
The minimum cover shall be twelve (12) inches (305
mm) below finish grade.

609.2 Water pipes shall not be run or laid in the
same trench as building sewer or drainage piping
constructed of clay or materials that are not
approved for use within a building unless both of
the following conditions are met:

609.2.1 The bottom of the water pipe, at all
points, shall be at least twelve (12) inches (305
mm) above the top of the sewer or drain line.

609.2.2 The water pipe shall be placed on a
solid shelf excavated at one side of the common
trench with a minimum clear horizontal distance
of at least twelve (12) inches (305 mm) from the
sewer or drain line.

Water pipes crossing sewer or drainage
piping constructed of clay or materials that are
not approved for use within a building shall be
laid a minimum of twelve (12) inches (305 mm)
above the sewer or drain pipe.

609.3 Water piping installed within a building and
in or under a concrete floor slab resting on the
ground shall be installed in accordance with the
following requirements:

609.3.1 Ferrous piping shall have a protective
coating of an approved type, machine applied
and conforming to recognized standards. Field
wrapping shall provide equivalent protection
and shall be restricted to those short sections
and fittings necessarily stripped for threading.
Zinc coating (galvanizing) shall not be deemed
adequate protection for piping or fittings.
Approved nonferrous piping shall not be
required to be wrapped.

609.3.2 Copper tubing shaU be installed without
joints where possible. Where joints are permitted,
they shall be brazed, and fittings shall be
wrought copper.

Note: For the purpose of this section, "within the
building" shall mean within the fixed limits of
the building foundation.

609.4 Testing. Upon completion of a section or of
the entire hot and cold water supply system, it shall
be tested and proved tight under a water pressure
not less than the working pressure under which it is
to be used. The water used for tests shall be obtained
from a potable source of supply. Except for plastic
piping, a fifty (50) poiind-per-square-tnch (344.5 kPa)
air pressure may be substituted for the water test. In
either method of test, the piping shall withstand the
test without leaking for a period of not less than
fifteen (15) minutes.

609.5 Unions. Unions shall be installed in the water
supply piping within twelve (12) inches (305 mm) of
regulating equipment, water heating, conditioning
tanks, and similar equipment that may require
service by removal or replacement in a maimer that
will facilitate its ready removal.

609.6 Location. Except as provided in Section 609.7,
no building supply shall be located in any lot other
than the lot that is the site of the building or
structure served by such building supply.

104

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

609.7-610.2

609.7 Nothing contained in this code shall be
construed to prohibit the use of all or part of an
abutting lot to:

609.7.1 Provide access to connect a building
supply to an available public water service when
proper cause and legal easement not in violation
of other requirements have been first established
to the satisfaction of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

609.7.2 Provide additional space for a building
supply when proper cause, transfer of owner-
ship, or change of boundary not in violation of
other requirements have been first established to
the satisfaction of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. The instrument recording such
action shall constitute an agreement with the
Authority Having Jurisdiction, which shall
clearly state and show that the areas so joined or
used shall be maintained as a unit during the
time they are so used. Such an agreement shall
be recorded in the office of the County Recorder
as a part of the conditions of ownership of said
properties, and shall be binding on all heirs,
successors, and assigns to such properties. A
copy of the instrument recording such pro-
ceedings shall be filed with the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

609.8 Low-Pressure Cutoff Required on Booster
Pumps for Water Distribution Systems. When a
booster pump - excluding a fire pump - is connected
to a water service or underground water pipe, a low-
pressure cutoff switch on the inlet side of the pump
shall be installed within five (5) feet (1,524 mm) of
the inlet. The cutoff switch shall be set for not less
than ten (10) psi (68.9 kPa). A pressure gauge shall be
installed between the shutoff valve and the pump.

609.9 Disinfection of Potable Water System. New

or repaired potable w^ater systems shall be disinfected
prior to use whenever required by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction. The method to be followed shall
be that prescribed by the Health Authority or, in case
no method is prescribed by it, the following:

609.9.1 The pipe system shall be flushed with
clean, potable water until only potable water
appears at the points of outlet.

609.9.2 The system or parts thereof shall be
filled with a water-chlorine solution containing
at least fifty (50) parts per million of chlorine,
and the system or part thereof shall be valved-
off and allowed to stand for twenty-four (24)
hours; or, the system or part thereof shall be
filled with a water-chlorine solution containing at
least two hundred (200) parts per million of
chlorine and allowed to stand for three (3) hours.

609.9.3 Following the allowed standing time,
the system shall be flushed with clean, potable
water until the chlorine residual in the water
coming from the system does not exceed the
chlorine residual in the flushing water.

609.9.4 The procedure shall be repeated if it is
shown by bacteriological examination made by
an approved agency that contamination persists
in the system.

609.10 Water Hammer. All building water supply
systems in which quick-acting valves are installed
shall be provided with devices to absorb the hammer
caused by high pressures resulting from the quick
closing of these valves. These pressure-absorbing
devices shall be approved mechanical devices. Water
pressure-absorbing devices shall be installed as close
as possible to quick-acting valves.

609.10.1 IVIechanical Devices. When listed
mechanical devices are used, the manufacturers'
specifications as to location and method of
installation shall be followed.

610.0 Size of Potable Water Piping.

610.1 The size of each water meter and each
potable water supply pipe from the meter or other
source of supply to the fixture supply branches,
risers, fixtures, connections, outlets, or other uses
shall be based on the total demand and shall be
determined according to the methods and
procedures outlined in this section. Water piping
systems shall be designed to ensure that the
maximum velocities allowed by the code and the
applicable standard are not exceeded.

610.2 Whenever a water filter, water softener,
backflow prevention device, or similar device is
installed in any water supply line, the pressure loss
through such devices shall be included in the
pressure loss calculations of the system, and the
water supply pipe and meter shall be adequately
sized to provide for any such pressure loss.

No water filter, water softener, backflow
prevention device, or similar device regulated by this
code shall be installed in any potable water supply
piping when the installation of such device produces
an excessive pressure drop in any such water supply
piping. In the absence of specific pressure drop
information, the diameter of the inlet or outlet of any
such device or its cormecting piping shall not be less
than the diameter of such water distribution piping
to the fixtures served by the device.

All such devices shall be of a type approved by
the Authority Having Jurisdiction and shall be tested
for flow rating and pressure loss by an approved
laboratory or recognized testing agency to standards
consistent with the intent of this chapter.

105

610.3-610.10

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

61 0.3 The quantity of water required to be supplied
to every plumbing fixture shall be represented by
fixture units, as shown in Table 6-5. Equivalent
fixture values shown in Table 6-5 include both hot
and cold water demand.

610.4 Systems within the range of Table 6-6 may be
sized from that table or by the method set forth in
Section 610.5.

Listed parallel water distribution systems shall
be installed in accordance with their listing, but at no
time shall any portion of the system exceed the
maximum velocities allowed by the code.

610.5 Except as provided in Section 610.4, the size of
each water piping system shall be determined in
accordance with the procedure set forth in Appendix
A. For alternate methods of sizing water supply

systems, see Appendix L.

610.6 Except where the type of pipe used and the
water characteristics are such that no decrease in
capacity due to length of service (age of system) may
be expected, all friction-loss data shall be obtained
from the "Fairly Rough" or "Rough" charts in
Appendix A of this code. Friction or pressure losses
in water meter, valve, and fittings shall be obtained
from the same sources. Pressure losses through
water-treating equipment, backflow prevention
devices, or other flow-restricting devices shall be
computed as required by Section 610.2.

610.7 On any proposed water piping installation
sized using Table 6-6, the following conditions shall
be determined:

(1) Total number of fixture units as determined
from Table 6-5, Equivalent Fixture Units, for
the fixtures to be installed.

(2) Developed length of supply pipe from meter
to most remote outlet.

(3) Difference in elevation between the meter or
other source of supply and the highest
fixture or outlet.

(4) Pressure in the street main or other source of
supply at the locality where the installation
is to be made.

(5) In localities where there is a fluctuation of
pressure in the main throughout the day,
the water piping system shall be designed
on the basis of the minimum pressure
available.

610.8 Size of Meter and Building Supply Pipe
Using Table 6-6. The size of the meter and the
building supply pipe shall be determined as follows:

(1) Determine the available pressure at the
water meter or other source of supply.

(2) Subtract one-half (1/2) pound per square
inch pressure (3.4 kPa) for each foot (305

mm) of difference in elevation between such
source of supply and the highest water supply
outlet in the building or on the premises.

(3) Use the "pressure range" group within
which this pressure will fall using Table 6-6.

(4) Select the "length" column that is equal to
or longer than the required length.

(5) Follow down the column to a fixture unit
value equal to or greater than the total
number of fixture units required by the
installation.

(6) Having located the proper fixture unit value
for the required length, sizes of meter and
buildingsupply pipe as found in the two
left-hand columns shall be applied.

No building supply pipe shall be less
than three-quarter (3/4) inch (20 mm) in
diameter.

610.9 Size of Branches. When Table 6-6 is used,
the minimum size of each branch shall be
determined by the number of fixture units to be
served by that branch, the total developed length of
the system, and the meter and street service size as
per Section 610.8. No branch piping is required to
be larger in size than that required by Table 6-6 for
the building supply pipe.

610.10 Sizing for Flushometer Valves. When
using Table 6-6 to size water supply systems serving
flushometer valves, the number of flushometer
fixture units assigned to every section of pipe,
whether branch or main, shall be determined by the
number and category of flushometer valves served
by that section of pipe, in accordance with Table 6-7.
Piping supplying a flushometer valve shall not be
less in size than the valve inlet.

When using Table 6-7 to size water piping, care must
be exercised to assign flushometer fixture units
based on the number and category of fixtures served.
In the exam.ple below, fixture units assigned to each

Sizing Method
Example Using TABLE 6-7

Public Use Fixtures

LAV LAV UR UR WC WC
J L_l I L_J

LAV LAV UR UR WC WC
I I I I I I

H I

LAV UR WC LAV UR WC
_J I I I I I

R Q P O N

106

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

610.10-611.4

section of pipe are computed as follows: Note: Each
capital letter refers to the section of pipe above it,
unless otherwise shown.

A: 1WC = 40F.U.

B: 2 WC = 70 F.U.

C: 2 WC (70) + 1 UR (20) = 90 F.U.

D: 2 WC (70) + 2 UR (35) = 105 F.U.

E: 2 WC (70) + 2 UR (35) + 1 LAV (1) = 106 F.U.

F: 2 WC (70) + 2 UR (35) + 2 LAV (2) = 107 F.U.

G: 1 LAV = 1 F.U.

H: 2 LAV = 2 F.U.

I: 2 LAV (2) + 1 UR (20) = 22 F.U.

J: 2 LAV (2)+ 2 UR (35) = 37 F.U.

K: 2 LAV (2) + 2 UR (35) + 1 WC (40) = 17 F.U.

L: 2 LAV (2) + 2 UR (35) + 2 WC (70) = 107 F.U.

M: 4 WC (105) + 4 UR (53) + 4 LAV (4) = 162 F.U.

N: 1WC = 40F.U.

O: 1 WC (40) + 1 UR (20) = 60 F.U.

P: 1 WC (40) + 1 UR (20) + 1 LAV (1) = 61 F.U.

Q: 2 WC (70) + 1 UR (20) + 1 LAV (1) = 91 F.U.

R: 2 \NC (70) + 2 UR (35) + 1 LAV (1) = 106 F.U.

S: 2 WC (70) + 2 UR (35) + 2 LAV (2) = 107 F.U.

T: 6 WC (125) + 6 UR (63) + 6 LAV (6) = 194 F.U.

610.11 Sizing Systems for Flushometer Tanks.

The size of branches and mains serving flushometer
tanks shall be consistent with the sizing procedures
for flush tank water closets.

610.12 Sizing for Velocity. Water piping systems
shall not exceed the maximum velocities listed in this
section or Appendix A.

610.12.1 Copper Tube Systems. Maximum
velocities in copper and copper alloy tube and
fitting systems shall be limited to a maximum of
eight (8) feet per second (fps) (2.4 m.ps) in cold
water and five (5) fps in hot water (1.52 mps).

610.12.2 Tubing Systems Using Copper
Alloy Fittings. Maximum velocities through
copper alloy fittings in tubing other than copper
shall be limited to a maximum of eight (8) feet
per second (fps) (2.4 mps) in cold water and five
(5) fps in hot water (1.52 mps).

610.13 Exceptions. The provisions of this section
relative to size of water piping shall not apply to the
following:

(1) Water supply piping systems designed in
accordance with recognized engineering
procedures acceptable to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

(2) Alteration of or n\inor additions to existing
installations, provided the Authority Having
Jurisdiction finds that there will be
an adequate supply of water to operate all
fixtures.

(3) Replacement of existing fixtures or
appliances.

(4) Piping that is part of fixture equipment.

(5) Unusual conditions where, in the judgment
of the Authority Having Jurisdiction, an
adequate supply of water is provided to
operate fixtures and equipment.

(6) Nonpotable waterlines as defined in
Sections 601.2.2 and 601.2.3.

(7) The size and material of irrigation water
piping installed outside of any building or
structure and separated from the potable
water supply by means of an approved
airgap or backflow prevention device is not
regulated by this code. The potable water
piping system supplying each such
irrigation system shall be adequately sized
as required elsewhere in this chapter to
deliver the full connected demand of both
the domestic use and the irrigation systems.

611.0 Drinking Water Treatment Units.

611.1 Compliance with Standard. Drinking water
treatment units shall meet the requirements of the
appropriate standard referenced in Table 14-1.

611.2 Airgap Discharge. Discharge from all
drinking water treatment units shall enter the
drainage system through an airgap or an airgap
device that meets the requirements of the appropriate
standards referenced in Table 14-1.

61 1 .3 Connection Tubing. The tubing to and from
drinking water treatment units shall be of a size and
material as recommended by the manufacturer. The
tubing shall comply with the requirements of the
appropriate standards referenced in Table 14-1.

61 1 .4 Sizing of Residential Softeners. Residential-
use water softeners shall be sized per Table 6-8.

107

Table 6-5

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Inch

mm

1/2

15

3/4

20

1

25

TABLE 6-5
Water Supply Fixture Units (WSFU) and Minimum Fixture Branch Pipe Sizes'

Minimum
Fixture Branch Private

Appliances, Appurtenances or Fixtures' Pipe Size"

Bathtub or Combination Bath/Shower (fill) 1/2" 4.0

3/4" Bathtub Fill Valve 3/4" 10.0

Bidet 1/2" 1.0

Clothes washer 1/2" 4.0

Dental Unit, cuspidor 1/2"

Dishwasher, domestic 1/2" 1.5

Drinking Fountain or Watercooler 1/2" 0.5

Hose Bibb... 1/2" 2.5

Hose Bibb, each additional' 1/2" 1.0

Lavatory 1/2" 1.0

Lawn Sprinkler, each head' 1 .0

Mobile Home, each (minimum) 12.0

Sinks

Bar ; 1/2" 1.0

Clinic Faucet 1/2"

Clinic Flushometer Valve

with or without faucet 1"

Kitchen, domestic 1/2" 1 .5

Laundry ..: 1/2" 1.5

Service or Mop Basin 1/2" 1.5

Washup, each set of faucets.......... ...1/2"

Shower, per head 1/2" 2.0

Urinal, 1 .0 GPF Flushometer Valve 3/4" See Footnote '

Urinal, greater than 1.0 GPF Flushometer Valve 3/4" See Footnote '

Urinal, flush tank 1/2" 2.0

Washfountain, circular spray 3/4"

Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank 1/2" 2.5

Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Tank 1/2" 2.5

WaterCloset, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve 1" SeePootnote'

Water Closet, greater than 1 .6 GPF Gravity Tank 1/2" 3.0

Water Closet, greater than 1 .6 GPF Flushometer Valve 1" seeFootnote^

Public

4.0
10.0

4.0
1.0
1.5
0.5
2.5
1.0
1.0
1.0

2.0
3.0

8.0
1.5
1.5
3.0
2.0
2.0

2.0
4.0
2.5
2.5

5.5

Assembly'

0.75

1.0

3.0

3.5
3.5

7.0

Notes:

' Size of the cold branch pipe, or both the hot and cold branch pipes.

^ Appliances, Appurtenances or Fixtures not included in this Table may be sized by reference to fixtures having a

similar flow rate and frequency of use.
^ The listed fixture unit values represent their load on their cold water service. The separate cold water and hot water

fixture unit value for fixtures having both hot and cold water connections may each be taken as three-quarter ( 3/4)

of the listed total value of the fixture.
" The listed minimum supply branch pipe sizes for individual fixtures are the nominal (I.D.) pipe size.
^ For fixtures or supply connections likely to impose continuous flow demands, determine the required flow in gallons

per minute (GPM), and add it separately to the demand (in GPM) for the distribution system or portions thereof.
^ Assembly [Public Use (See Table 4-1 )].
^ When sizing flushometer systems, see Section 61 0.10.
^ Reduced fixture unit loading for additional hose bibbs is to be used only when sizing total building demand and for

pipe sizing when more than one hose bibb is supplied by a segment of water-distributing pipe. The fixture branch to

each hose bibb shall be sized on the basis of 2.5 fixture units.

108

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

Table 6-6

TABLE 6-6
Fixture Unit Table for Determining Water Pipe and IVIeter Sizes

Pressure Range - 30 to 45 psi (207 to 310 kPa)

Meter Building
and Supply
Street and
Service, Branches,
Inches Inches 40

3/4

3/4

3/4

1

3/4

1

1-1/2

1
1-1/2
2
1
1-1/2
2
2

(12)

6
16
29
36

-I in***

3/4
1
1

1-1/4 36

1-1/4 54

1-1/4 78

1-1/2 85

1-1/2 150

1-1/2 151

2 85

2 220

2 370

2-1/2 445

60
(18)

5

16

25

31

33

47

68

84

124

129

85

205

327

418

80
(24)

4

14

23

27

31

42

57

79

105

129

85

190

292

390

100
(30)

3

12

21

25

28

38

48

65

91

110

85

176

265

370

Maximum Allowable Length in Feet (meters)

150
(46)

2

9

17

20

24

32

38

56

70

80

85

155

217

330

200
(61)

1

6

15

17

23

28

32

48

57

64

85

138

185

300

250
(76)

1

5

13

15

21

25

28

43

49

53

82

127

164

280

300
(91)

1

5

12

13

19

23

25

38

45

46

80

120

147

265

400
(122)

4

10

12

17

19

21

32

36

38

66
104
124
240

500
(152)

4

8

10

16

17

18

28

31

32

61

85

96

220

Inch

mm

1/2

15

3/4

20

1

25

1-1/4

32

1-1/2

40

2

50

2-1/2

65

600
(183)

3

6

8
13
14
15
26
26
27
57
70
70
198

700
(213)

2

6

6
12
12
12
22
23
23
52
61
61
175

800 900 1000

(244) (274) (305)

2 2 1

6 6 6

6 6 6

12 11 11

12 11 11

12 11 11

21 20 20

21 20 20

21 20 20

49 46 43

57 54 51

57 54 51

158 143 133

Pressure Range - 46 to

3/4 1/2***

3/4
3/4

1
3/4

1
1-1/2

1
1-1/2

2

1
1-1/2

2

2

3/4

1

1
1-1/4
1-1/4
1-1/4
1-1/2
1-1/2
1-1/2

2

2

2
2-1/2

7

20

39

39

39

78

78

85

151

151

85

370

370

654

60 psi

7

20

39

39

39

78

78

85
151
151

85
370
370
640

(317 to

6

19

36

39

39

76

78

85
151
151

85
340
370
610

414 kPa)^

5

17

33

36

39

67

78

85
151
151

85
318
370
580

4

14

28

30

39

52

66

85

128

150

85

272

368

535

3

11

23

25

39

44

52

85

105

117

85

240

318

500

2
9
21
23
34
39
44
80
90
98
85
220

2
8
19
20
32
36
39
67
78
84
85
198

280 250
470 440

1

6

17

18

27

30

33

55

62

67

85

170

205

400

1
5
14
15
25
27
29
49
52
55
85

1
4
12
12
22
24
24
41
42
42
85

150 135
165 142
365 335

4

10

10

19

20

20

37

38

38

85

123

123

315

3

9

9

19

19

19

34

35

35

85

110

110

285

3

8

8

17

17

17

32

32

32

83

102

102

3

8

8

16

16

16

30

30

30

80

94

94

267 250

Pressure Range - Over 60 psi (414

3/4

3/4

3/4

1

3/4

1

1-1/2

1
1-1/2
2
1
1-1/2
2
2

7
20
39
39

1/2**^

3/4

1

1

1-1/4 39

1-1/4 78

1-1/4 78

1-1/2 85

1-1/2 151

1-1/2 151

2 85

2 370

2 370

2-1/2 654

7

20

39

39

39

78

78

85

151

151

85

370

370

654

7

20

39

39

39

78

78

85

151

151

85

370

370

654

kPa)*

6

20

39

39

39

78

78

85
151
151

85
370
370
654

5

17

35

38

39

74

78

85

151

151

85

360

370

654

4

13

30

32

39

62

74

85

151

151

85

335

370

650

3
11
27
29
39
53
65
85
130
142
85

3

10
24
26
39
47
54
85
113
122
85

305 282
370 340
610 570

2

8

21

22

34

39

43

81

88

98

85

244

288

510

1

7
17
18
28
31
34
64
73
82
85

1
6
14
14
26
26
26
51
51
64
85

212 187
245 204
460 430

1

6

13

13

25

25

25

48

51.

51

85

172

172

404

1

5

12

12

23

23

23

46

46

46

85

153

153

380

1

4

12

12

22

22

22

43

43

43

85

141

141

4

11

11

21

21

21

40

40

40

85

129

129

356 329

'*Available static pressure after head loss.

''**Building supply, three-quarter (3/4) inch (20 mm) nominal size minimum.

109

Table 6-7 - Table 6-8

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Table 6-7

Flushometer Fixture Units for Water Sizing Using

Table 6-5

Fixture Category: Water Closet w/ Flushometer Valves

Individual

Fixture Units Assigned

Number of

Fixture Units

for Water Closets and

Flushometer

Assigned in

Similar 10-Unit Fixtures

Valves

Decreasing Value

in Accumulative Values

1

40

40

2

30

70

3

20

90

4

15

105

5 or more

10 each

115 plus 10 for each

additional fixture

in excess of 5

Fixture Category: Urinals w/ Flushometer Valves

Individual

Fixture Units Assigned

Number of

Fixture Units

for Urinals and

Flushometer

Assigned in

Similar 5-Urut Fixtures

Valves

Decreasing Value

in Accumulative Values

1

20

20

2

. 15

35

3

10

45

4

.8

53

5 or more

5 each

58 plus 5 for each

additional fixture

in excess of 5

TABLE 6-8
Sizing of Residential Water Softeners

Required Size of
Softener Connection

Number of Bathroom
Groups Served^

3/4 in.
lin.

up to 2

.3

Up to 4

^ Installation of a kitchen sink and dishwasher,
laundry tray, and automatic clothes washer
permitted without additional size increase.

^ An additional water closet and lavatory permitted.

^ Over four bathroom groups, the softener size shall
be engineered for the specific installation.

See also Appendix A, Recommended Rules for Sizing the
Water Supply System, and Appendix L, Alternate
Plumbing Systejns, for alternate methods of sizing water
supply systems.

110

CHAPTER 7

SANITARY DRAINAGE

Part I - Drainage Systems.

701.0 Materials.

701.1 Drainage piping shall be cast iron, galvanized
steel, galvanized wrought iron, lead, copper, brass,

I Stainless Steel 304 or 316L, Schedule 40 ABS DWV,
Schedule 40 PVC DWV, extra-strength vitrified clay
pipe, or other approved materials having a smooth and
uniform bore, except that:

701.1.1 No galvanized wrought-iron or
galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground
and shall be kept at least six (6) inches (152 mm)
aboveground.

701.1.2 ABS and PVC DWV piping installations
shall be installed in accordance with IS 5, IS 9,
and Chapter 15 "Firestop Protection/' Except for
individual single-family dwelling units,
materials exposed within ducts or plenums shall
have a flame-spread index of not more than 25
and a smoke-developed index of not more than
50, when tested in accordance with the Test for
Surface - Burning Characteristics of the Building
Materials. (See the Building Code standards
based on ASTM E-84 and ANSI/UL 723.)

701.1.3 No vitrified clay pipe or fittings shall
be used aboveground or where pressurized by
a pump or ejector. They shall be kept at least
twelve (12) inches (305 mm) belowground.

701.1.4 Copper tube for drainage and vent
piping shall have a weight of not less than that
of copper drainage tube type DWV.

701.1.5 Stainless steel 304 pipe and fittings shall
not be installed underground and shall be kept
at least 6 inches (152 mm) aboveground.

701 .2 Drainage fittings shall be of cast iron, malleable
iron, lead, brass, copper, ABS, PVC, vitrified clay,
stainless steel 304 and 31 6L (304 shall not be installed
underground and shall be kept at least 6 inches (152
mm) aboveground), or other approved materials
having a smooth interior waterway of the same
diameter as the piping served, and all such fittings
shall be compatible with the type of pipe used.

701 .2.1 Fittings on screwed pipe shall be of the
recessed drainage type. Burred ends shall be
reamed to the full bore of the pipe.

701 .2.2 The threads of drainage fittings shall be
tapped so as to allow one-quarter (1/4) inch per
foot (20.9 mm/m) grade.

701 .2.3 Fittings used for drainage shall be of the
drainage type, have a smooth interior water-
way, and be constructed so as to allow one
fourth (1/4) inch per foot (20.9 mm/m) grade.

701.3 Lead.

See Table 14-1. Sheet lead shall be not less than the
following:

For safe pans - not less than four (4) pounds per
square foot (19.5 kg/m^) or 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) thick.

TABLE 7-1
Caulking Ferrules

Pipe Size
(inches)

Inside
Diameter
(inches)

Length
(inches)

l\1inimum

Weight Each

lb. oz.

2

2-1/4

4-1/2

1

3

3-1/4

4-1/2

1

12

4

4-1/4

4-1/2

2

8

Caulking Ferrules (Metric)

Pipe Size
(mm)

Inside

Diameter

(mm)

Length
(mm)

IVIinimum

Weight Each

(kg)

50
80
100

57
83
108

114
114
114

0.454
0.790
1.132

TABLE 7-2
Soldering Bushings

Pipe Size
(inches)

l\/linimum

Weight Each

lb. oz.

Pipe Size
(inches)

l\1inimum

Weight Each

lb. oz.

1-1/4
1-1/2

2

6

.0 8

14

2-1/2
3
4

1 6

2

3 8

Soldering Bushings (Metric)

Pipe Size
(mm)

l\/linimum
Weight Each
(kg)

Pipe Size
(mm)

Minimum

Weight Each

(kg)

32

0.168

65

0.622

40

0.224

80

0.908

50

0.392

100

1.586

111

Table 7-3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE 7-3
Drainage Fixture Unit Values (DFU)

Min. Size

Trap and

Plumbing Appliance, Appurtenance, or Fixture Trap Arm'

Bathtub or Combination Bath/Shower 1-1/2"

Bidet ..1-1/4"

Bidet 1-1/2"

Clothes Washer, domestic, standpipe' 2"

Dental Unit, cuspidor 1-1/4"

Dishwasher, domestic, with independent drain 1-1/2"'

Drinking Fountain or Watercooler (per head) 1-1/4"

Food-Waste-Grinder, commercial 2"

Floor Drain, emergency 2"

Floor Drain (for additional sizes see Section 702) 2"

Shower, single-head trap 2"

Multi-head, each additional 2"

Lavatory, single 1-1/4"

Lavatory, in sets of two or three 1-1/2"

Washfountain 1-1/2"

Washfountain 2"

Mobile Home, trap 3"

Receptor, indirect waste" ..1-1/2"

Receptor, indirect waste" 2"

Receptor, indirect waste' 3"

Sinks

Bar.. 1-1/2"

Bar 1-1/2"'

Clinical 3"

Commercial with food waste 1-1/2"'

Special Purpose 1-1/2"

Special Purpose 2"

Special Purpose 3"

Kitchen, domestic 1-1/2"'

(with or without food-waste grinder and/or dishwasher)

Laundry 1-1/2"

(with or without discharge from a clothes washer)

Service or Mop Basin '. 2"

Service or Mop Basin 3"

Service, flushing rim 3"

Wash, each set of faucets

Urinal, integral trap 1 .0 GPF' 2"

Urinal, integral trap greater than 1.0 GPF 2"

Urinal, exposed trap 1-1/2"'

Water Closet, 1 .6 GPF Gravity Tank' 3"

Water Closet, 1 .6 GPF Flushometer Tank' 3"

Water Closet, 1 .6 GPF Flushometer Valve' 3"

Water Closet, greater than 1 .6 GPF Gravity Tank' 3"

Water Closet, greater than 1 .6 GPF Flushometer Valve' 3"

' Indirect waste receptors shall be sized based on the total drainage capacity of the fixtures that drain therein to, in accordance with Table 7-4.

^ Provide a 2" (51 mm) minimum drain.

^ For refrigerators, coffee urns, water stations, and similar low demands.

" For commercial sinks, dishwashers, and similar moderate or heavy demands.

= Buildings having a clothes-washing area with clothes washers in a battery of three (3) or more clothes washers shall be rated at six (6) fixture units each for

purposes of sizing common horizontal and vertical drainage piping.
^ Water closets shall be computed as six (6) fixture units when determining septic tank sizes based on Appendix K of this code.
' Trap sizes shall not be increased to the point where the fixture discharge may be inadequate to maintain their self-scouring properties.
" Assembly [Public Use (See Table 4-1)].

(DFU)

Public
2.0

Inch mm

1-1/4 32
1-1/2 40

2 50
2-1/2 65

3 80

Private
2.0

Assembly'

1.0

2.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

1.0

1.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

0.5

0.5

1.0

3.0

3.0

0.0

0.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

3.0

3.0

12.0

See footnote '-^

See footnote '"

See footnote '

1.0

2.0

2.0

6.0

6.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

4.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

6.0

6.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

5.0

2.0

2.0

6.0

2.0

2.0

5.0

3.0

4.0

6.0

3.0

4.0

6.0

3.0

4.0

6.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

112

SANITARY DRAINAGE

701 .3 - 704.4

For flashings or vent terminals - not less
than three (3) pounds per square foot (15 kg/m^) or
1.2 mm thick.

Lead bends and lead traps shall not be less than
one-eighth (1/8) inch (3.2 mm) wall thickness.

701.4 Ferrules and Bushings

701.4.1 Caulking ferrules shall be manufactured
from bronze or copper and shall be in accordance
with Table 7-1.

701 .4.2 Soldering bushings shall be of bronze or
copper in accordance with Table 7-2.

702.0 Fixture Unit Equivalents.

The unit equivalent of plumbing fixtures shown in
Table 7-3 shall be based on the size of the trap
required, and the unit equivalent of fixtures and
devices not shown in Table 7-3 shall be based on the
rated discharge capacity in gpm (gallons per minute)
(liters per second) in accordance with Table 7-4.

Maximum trap loadings for sizes up to four (4)
inches (102 mm) are as follows:

1-1/4 in. (32 mm) — 1 unit

1-1/2 in. (40 mm) — 3 imits

2 in. (50 mm) — 4 units

3 in. (80 mm) — 6 units

4 in. (100 mm) — 8 units
Exception: On self-service laundries.

703.0 Size of Drainage Piping.

703.1 The minimum sizes of vertical and/or
horizontal drainage piping shall be determined from
the total of all fixture units coruiected thereto, and
additionally, in the case of vertical drainage pipes, in
accordance with their length.

703.2 Table 7-5 shows the maximum number of
fixture units allowed on any vertical or horizontal
drainage pipe, building drain, or building sewer of a
given size; the maximum number of fixture units
allowed on any branch interval of a given size; and
the maximum length (in feet and meters) of any
vertical drainage pipe of a given size.

TABLE 7-4

Discharge Capacity in Gallons per Minute
(Liters per Second)

For Intermittent Flow Only

GPM

(L/sec)

Up to 7-1/2 (Up to 0.47) Equals 1 Unit

8 to 15 (0.50 to 0.95) Equals 2 Units

16 to 30 (1.00 to 1.89) Equals 4 Units

31 to 50 (1.95 to 3.15) Equals 6 Units

Discharge capacity for over 50 gallons per minute
(3.15 L/sec.) shall be determined by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

For a continuous flow into a drainage system,
such as from a pump, sump ejector, air conditioning
equipment, or similar device, two (2) fixture units
shall be allowed for each gallon per minute (0.06
L/sec.) of flow.

703.3 For alternate method of sizing drainage piping,
see Appendix L.

704.0 Fixture Connections (Drainage).

704.1 Drainage piping shall be provided with
approved inlet fittings for fixture connections,
correctly located according to the size and type of
fixture proposed to be cormected.

704.2 Two fixtures set back-to-back, or side-by-side,
within the distance allowed between a trap and its
vent may be served by a single vertical drainage pipe
provided that each fixture wastes separately into an
approved double-fixture fitting having inlet openings
at the same level.

704.3 Pot sinks, scullery sinks, dishwashing sinks,
silverware sinks, commercial dishwashing machines,
silverware-washing machines, and other similar
fixtures shall be connected directl)/^ to the drainage
system. A floor drain shall be provided adjacent to
the fixture, and the fixture shall be connected on the
sewer side of the floor drain trap, provided that no
other drainage line is connected between the floor
drain waste connection and the fixture drain. The
fixture and floor drain shall be trapped and vented
as required by this code.

704.4 Closet Rings (Closet Flanges).

704.4.1 Closet rings (closet flanges) for water
closets or similar fixtures shall be of an approved
type and shall be bronze, copper, hard lead, cast
iron, galvanized malleable iron, ABS, PVC, or
other approved materials. Each such closet ring
(closet flange) shall be approximately seven (7)
inches (175 mm) in diameter and, when installed,
shall, together with the soil pipe, present a one
and one-half (1-1/2) inch (38 mm) wide flange or
face to receive the fixture gasket or closet seal.

704.4.2 Caulked-on closet rings (closet flanges)
shall be not less than one-fourth (1/4) inch
(6.4mm) thick and not less than two (2) inches
(51mm) in overall depth.

704.4.3 Closet rings (closet flanges) shall be
burned or soldered to lead bends or stubs, shall
be caulked to cast-iron soil pipe, shall be solvent
cemented to ABS and PVC, and shall be screwed

113

Table 7-5 -705.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE 7-5

Maximum Unit Loading and Maximum Length of Drainage and Vent Piping

Size of Pipe, inches

1-1/4

1-1/2

2

2-1/2

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

(mm)

(32)

(40)

(50)

(65)

(80)

(100)

(125)

(150)

(200)

(250)

(300)

Maximum Units

Drainage Piping'

Vertical

1

2^

16^

32^

48^

256

600

1,380

3,600

5,600

8,400

Horizontal

1

1

8'

14^

35^

216'

428'

720'

2,640'

4,680'

8,200'

n/laximum Lengtii

Drainage Piping

Vertical, feet

45

65

85

148

212

300

390

510

750

(m)

(14)

(20)

(26)

(45)

(65)

(91)

(119)

(155)

(228)

Horizontal (unlimited)

Vent Piping (See note)

Horizontal and Vertical

Maximum Units

1

8'

24

48

84

256

600

1,380

3,600

Maximum Lengths, feet

45

60

120

180

212

300

390

510

750

(m)

(14)

(18)

(37)

(55)

(65)

(91)

(119)

(155)

(228)

^ Excluding trap arm.

^ Except sinks, urinals, and dishwashers.

^ Except six-unit traps or water closets.

" Only four (4) water closets or six-unit traps allowed on any vertical pipe or stack; and not to exceed three (3) water closets

or six-unit traps on any horizontal branch or drain.

= Based on one-fourth (1/4) inch per foot (20.9 mm/m) slope. For one-eighth (1/8) inch per foot (10.4 mm/m) slope, multiply

horizontal fixture units by a factor of 0.8.

Note: The diameter of an individual vent shall not be less than one and one-fourth (1-1/4) inches (31.8 mm) nor less than
one-haif (1/2) the diameter of the drain to which it is connected. Fixture unit load values for drainage and vent piping shall
be computed from Tables 7-3 and 7-4. Not to exceed one-third (1/3) of the total permitted length of any vent may be
installed in a horizontal position. When vents are increased one (1) pipe size for their entire length, the maximum length
limitations specified in this table do not apply.

or fastened in an approved manner to other
materials.

704.4.4 All such closet rings (closet flanges)
shall be adequately designed and secured to
support fixtures connected thereto.

704.4.5 Closet screws, bolts, washers, and
similar fasteners shall be of brass, copper, or
other listed, equally corrosion-resistant
materials. All such screws and bolts shall be of
adequate size and number to properly support
the fixture installed.

705.0 Joints and Connections.

705.1 Types of Joints.

705.1.1 Caull<ed Joints. Caulked joints for cast-
iron bell-and-spigot soil pipe and other similar
joints shall be firmly packed with oakum or
hemp and filled with molten lead to a depth of
not less than one (1) inch (25.4 mm). The lead
shall be caulked thoroughly at the inside and
outside edges of the joint. After caulking, the
finished joint shall not extend more than one-
eighth (1/8) inch (3.2 mm) below the rim of the

hub. No paint, varnish, or other coatings shall be
permitted on the joining material until after the
joint has been tested and approved. Caulked
joints in cast-iron bell-and-spigot w^ater piping
shall be made with nontoxic materials.

705.1.2 Cement l\/lortar Joints. Except for
repairs and connections to existing lines
constructed with such joints, cement mortar
joints shall be prohibited on building sewers.

705.1.3 Burned Lead Joints. Burned (welded)
lead joints shall be lapped, and the lead shall be
fused together to form a uniform weld at least as
thick as the lead being joined.

705.1.4 Asbestos Cement Sewer Pipe Joints.

Joints in asbestos cement pipe shall be a sleeve
coupling of the same composition as the pipe or
of other approved materials, and sealed with
rubber rings or joined by an approved-type
compression coupling. Joints between asbestos
cement pipe and other approved pipe shall be
made by means of an approved adapter coupling.

705.1.5 Pacl<ing Additives Proliibited. The

addition of leak-sealing additives to joint packing
shall be prohibited.

114

SANITARY DRAINAGE

705.1 - 707.3

705.1.6 Molded Rubber Coupling Joints. When
pipe is joined by means of molded rubber
coupling joints, such joints shall conform to
approved standards and shall not be considered
as slip joints. When required, appropriate rubber
bushings shall be used to allow for any difference
in piping material diameters.

705.1.7 Elastomeric Gasketed and Rubber-Ring
Joints. Elastom^eric gasketed and rubber-ring
joints shall comply with the applicable Installa-
tion Standard listed in Appendix I.

705.1.8 Shielded Coupling Joints. When piping
systems are joined by means of shielded
couplings, such couplings shall conform to
approved standards and shall not be considered
as slip joints.

705.1.9 Hubless Cast-Iron Pipe Joints. Joints for
hubless cast-iron soil pipe and fittings shall
conform to appropriate Installation Standards
listed in Appendix I and shall not be considered
as slip joints.

705.2 Use of Joints.

705.2.1 Clay and Sewer Pipe. Joints in vitrified
clay pipe or between such pipe and metal pipe
shall be made as provided in Section 316.1.5,
705.1.2, 705.1.6, or 705.1.8.

705.2.2 Cast-iron Pipe. Joints in cast-iron pipe
shall be made as provided in Section 316.1.1,
316.1.5, 606.1.2, 705.1.1, 705.1.8, or 705.1.9.

705.2.3 Screw Pipe to Cast Iron. Joints between
wrought iron, steel, brass, or copper pipe and
cast-iron pipe shall be either caulked or threaded
joints made as provided in Section 316.1.1 or
705.1.1, or shall be made with approved adapter
fittings.

705.2.4 Lead to Cast Iron, Wrought iron, or Steel.

Joints between lead and cast-iron, wrought-iron,
or steel pipe shall be made by means of wiped
joints to a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, or
bushing as provided in Section 316.1.2.

705.3 Special Joints.

705.3.1 Slip Joints. In fixture drains and traps,
slip joints of approved materials may be used in
accordance with their approvals.

705.3.2 Expansion Joints. Expansion joints shall
be accessible, except when in vent piping or
drainage stacks, and may be used where nec-
essary to provide for expansion and contraction
of the pipes.

705.3.3 Ground Joint, Flared, or Ferrule
Connections. Brass or copper groimd joint, flared,
or ferrule-type connections that allow adjustment

of tubing, but provide a rigid joint when made up,
shall not be considered as sUp joints.

706.0 Changes in Direction of Drainage Flow.

706.1 Changes in direction of drainage piping shall
be made by the appropriate use of approved fittings
and shall be of the angles presented by a one-
sixteenth (1/16) bend, one-eighth (1/8) bend, or one-
sixth (1/6) bend, or other approved fittings of
equivalent sweep.

706.2 Horizontal drainage lines, cormecting with a
vertical stack, shall enter through forty-five (45)
degree (0.79 rad) wye branches, sixty (60) degree
(1.05 rad) wye branches, combination wye and 1/8
bend branches, sanitary tee or sanitary tapped tee
branches, or other approved fittings of equivalent
sweep. No fitting having more than one (1) inlet at
the same level shall be used unless such fitting is
constructed so that the discharge from one (1) inlet
cannot readily enter any other inlet. Double sanitary
tees may be used when the barrel of the fitting is at
least two (2) pipe sizes larger than the largest inlet,
(pipe sizes recognized for this purpose are 2 in., 2-
1/2 in., 3 in., 3-1/2 in., 4 in., 4-1/2 in., 5 in., 6 in., etc.)
(50, 65, 80, 90, 100, 115, 125, 150 mm, etc.).

706.3 Horizontal drainage lines connecting with
other horizontal drainage lines shall enter
through forty-five (45) degree (0.79 rad) wye
branches, combination wye and one-eighth (1/8)
bend branches, or other approved fittings of
equivalent sweep.

706.4 Vertical drainage lines connecting with
horizontal drainage lines shall enter through forty-
five (45) degree (0.79 rad) wye branches, combination
wye and one-eighth (1/8) bend branches, or other
approved fittings of equivalent sweep. Sixty (60)
degree (1.05 rad) branches or offsets may be used
only when installed in a true vertical position.

707.0 Cleanouts.

707.1 Each cleanout fitting for cast-iron pipe shall
consist of a cast-iron or brass body and an approved
plug. Each cleanout for galvanized wrought-iron,
galvanized steel, copper, or brass pipe shall consist
of a brass plug as specified in Table 7-6, or a standard
weight brass cap, or an approved ABS or PVC plastic
plug, or an approved stainless steel cleanout or plug. |
Plugs shall have raised square heads or approved
countersunk rectangular slots.

707.2 Each cleanout fitting and each cleanout plug or
cap shall be of an approved type.

707.3 Cleanouts shall be designed to be gas and
watertight.

115

707.4 - 708.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

707.4 Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be
provided with a cleanout at its upper terminal, and
each run of piping, that is more than one hundred
(100) feet (30,480 mm) in total developed length,
shall be provided with a cleanout for each one
hundred (100) feet (30,480 mm), or fraction thereof,
in length of such piping.

Exceptions:

(1) Cleanouts may be omitted on a horizontal
drain line less than five (5) feet (1524 mm) in
length unless such line is serving sinks or
urinals.

(2) Cleanouts may be omitted on any horizontal
drainage pipe installed on a slope of
seventy- two (72) degrees (1.26 rad) or less
from the vertical angle (angle of one-fifth
(1/5) bend).

(3) Excepting the building drain and its
horizontal branches, a cleanout shall not be
required on any pipe or piping that is
above the floor level of the lowest floor of
the building.

(4) An approved type of two-way cleanout
fitting, installed inside the building wall
near the connection between the building
drain and the building sewer or installed
outside of a building at the lower end of a
building drain and extended to grade, may
be substituted for an upper terminal
cleanout.

707.5 An additional cleanout shall be provided in a
drainage line for each aggregate horizontal change of
direction exceeding one hundred and thirty-five (135)
degrees (2.36 rad).

707.6 Each cleanout shall be installed so that it opens
to allow cleaning in the direction of flow of the soil or
waste or at right angles thereto and, except in the case
of wye branch and end-of-line cleanouts, shall be
installed vertically above the flow line of the pipe.

707.7 Each cleanout extension shall be considered as
drainage piping and each ninety (90) degree (1.6 rad)
cleanout extension shall be extended from a wye-type
fitting or other approved fitting of equivalent sweep.

707.8 Each cleanout for an interceptor shall be
outside of such interceptor.

707.9 Each cleanout, unless installed under an
approved cover plate, shall be above grade, readily
accessible, and so located as to serve the purpose for
which it is intended. Cleanouts located under cover
plates shall be so installed as to provide the clearances
and accessibility required by this section.

707.10 Each cleanout in piping two (2) inches (50
mm) or less in size shall be so installed that there is a
clearance of not less than twelve (12) inches (305

mm) in front of the cleanout. Cleanouts in piping
larger than two (2) inches (50 mm) shall have a
clearance of not less than eighteen (18) inches (457
mm) in front of the cleanout. Cleanouts in under-
floor piping shall be extended to or above the finished
floor or shall be extended outside the building when
there is less than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm)
vertical overall, allowing for obstructions such as
ducts, beams, and piping, and thirty (30) inches of
(762 mm) horizontal clearance from the means of
access to such cleanout. No under-floor cleanout
shall be located more than twenty (20) feet (6096
mm) from an access door, trap door, or crawl hole.

707.1 1 Cleanout fittings shall be not less in size than
those given in Table 7-6.

707.12 Cleanouts shall be provided for pressure
drainage systems as classified under Section 710.7.

707.13 Countersimk cleanout plugs shall be installed
where raised heads may cause a hazard.

707.14 When a hubless blind plug is used for a
required cleanout, the complete coupling and plug
shall be accessible for removal or replacement.

708.0 Grade of Horizontal Drainage Piping.

Horizontal drainage piping shall be run in practical
alignment and a Uniform slope of not less than one-
fourth (1/4) inch per foot (20.9 mm/m) or two (2)
percent toward the point of disposal provided that,
where it is impractical due to the depth of the street
sewer or to the structural features or to the

Table 7-8
Cleanouts

Size of Pipe

Size of Cleanout

Threads

(inches)

(inches)

(per inches)

1-1/2

1-1/2

11-1/2

2

1-1/2

11-1/2

2-1/2

2-1/2

8

3

2-1/2

8

4 & larger

3-1/2

8

TABLE 7-6

Cleanouts (Metric)

Size of Pipe

Size of Cleanout

Threads

(mm)

(mm)

(per 25.4 mm)

40

38

11-1/2

50

38

11-1/2

65

64

8

80

64

8

100 & larger

89

8

116

SANITARY DRAINAGE

708.0-710.9

arrangement of any building or structure to obtain a
slope of one-fourth (1/4) of an inch per foot (20.9
mm/m) or two. (2) percent, any such pipe or piping
four (4) inches (100 mm) or larger in diameter may
have a slope of not less than one-eighth (1/8) of an
inch per foot (10.5 mm/m) or one (1) percent, when
first approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

709.0 Gravity Drainage Required.

Wherever practicable, all plumbing fixtures shall be
drained to the public sewer or private sewage
disposal system by gravity.

710.0 Drainage of Fixtures Located Below the Next
Upstream Manliole or Below the Main Sewer Level.

710.1 Where a fixture is installed on a floor level that
is lower than the next upstream manhole cover of the
public or private sewer, serving such drainage piping,
shall be protected from backflow of sewage by
installing an approved type of backwater valve.
Fixtures on floor levels above such elevation shaU not
discharge through the backwater valve.

710.2 Drainage piping serving fixtures that are
located below the crown level of the main sewer
shall discharge into an approved watertight sump or
receiving tank, so located as to receive the sewage or
wastes by gravity. From such sump or receiving
tank, the sewage or other liquid wastes shall be lifted
and discharged into the building drain or building
sewer by approved ejectors, pumps, or other equally
efficient approved mechanical devices.

710.3 A sewage ejector or sewage pump receiving
the discharge of water closets or urinals:

710.3.1 Shall have a minimum discharge
capacity of twenty (20) gallons (75.7 liters) per
minute.

710.3.2 In single dwelling units, the ejector or
pump shall be capable of passing a one and one-
half (1-1/2) inch (38 mm) diameter solid ball,
and the discharge piping of each ejector or
pump shall have a backwater valve and gate
valve, and be a minimum of two (2) inches
(51mm) in diameter.

710.3.3 In other than single-dwelling imits, the
ejector or pump shall be capable of passing a
two (2) inch (51 mm) diameter solid ball, and the
discharge piping of each ejector or pump shall
have a backwater valve and gate valve, and be a
minimum of three (3) inches (80 mm) in diameter.

710.4 The discharge line from such ejector, pump, or
other mechanical device shall be provided with an
accessible backwater or swing check valve and gate
or ball valve. If the gravity drainage line to which
such discharge line connects is horizontal, the

method of connection shall be from the top through
a wye branch fitting. The gate or ball valve shall be
located on the discharge side of the backwater or
check valve.

Gate or ball valves, when installed in drainage
piping, shall be fuUway type with working parts of
corrosion-resistant metal. Sizes four (4) inches
(100mm) or more in diameter shah have cast-iron
bodies, and sizes less than four (4) inches (100 mm),
cast-iron or brass bodies.

710.5 Building drains or building sewers receiving
discharge from any pump or ejector shall be
adequately sized to prevent overloading. Two (2)
fixture units shall be allowed for each gallon per
minute (0.06 L/s) of flow.

710.6 Backwater valves, gate valves, fullway ball
valves, unions, motors, compressors, air tanks, and
other mechanical devices required by this section
shall be located where they will be accessible for
inspection and repair at all times and, unless
continuously exposed, shall be enclosed in a
masonry pit fitted with an adequately sized
removable cover.

Backwater valves shall have bodies of cast iron,
plastic, brass, or other approved materials; shall have
noncorrosive bearings, seats, and self-aligning discs;
and shall be constructed so as to ensure a positive
mechanical seal. Such backwater valves shaU remain
sufficiently open during periods of low flows to avoid
screening of solids and shall not restrict capacities or
cause excessive turbulence during peak loads. Unless
otherwise listed, valve access covers shall be bolted
type with gasket, and each valve shall bear the
manufachirer's name cast into the body and the cover.

710.7 The drainage and venting systems, in connec-
tion with fixtures, sumps, receiving tanks, and
mechanical waste-lifting devices, shall be installed
under the sarrie requirements as provided for in this
code for gravity systems.

710.8 Sumps and receiving tanks shall be watertight
and shall be constructed of concrete, metal, or other
approved materials. If constructed of poured concrete,
the walls and bottom shall be adequately reinforced
and designed to recognized acceptable standards.
Metal sumps or tanks shall be of such thickness as to
serve their intended purpose and shall be treated
internally and externally to resist corrosion.

710.9 All such sumps and receiving tanks shall be
automatically discharged and, when in any "public
use" occupancy, shall be provided with dual pumps
or ejectors arranged to function alternately in normal
use and independently in case of overload or
mechanical failure. The pumps shall have an audio
and visual alarni, readily accessible, that signals

117

710.9-712.3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

pump failure or an overload condition. The lowest
inlet shall have a minimum clearance of two (2)
inches (51 mm) from the high-water or "starting"
level of the sump.

710.10 Sumps and receiving tanks shall be provided
with substantial covers having a bolt-and-gasket-
type manhole or equivalent opening to permit access
for inspection, repairs, and cleaning. The top shall be
provided with a vent pipe that shall extend
separately through the roof or, when permitted, may
be combined with other vent pipes. Such vent shall
be large enough to maintain atmospheric pressure
within the sump under all normal operating
conditions and, in no case, shall be less in size than
that required by Table 7-5 for the number and type
of fixtures discharging into the sump, nor less than
one and one-half (1-1/2) inches (40 mm) in diameter.
When the foregoing requirements are met and the
vent, after leaving the sump, is combined with vents
from fixtures discharging into the sump, the size of
the combined vent need not exceed that required for
the total number of fixtures discharging into the
sump. No vent from an air-operating sewage ejector
shall combine with other vents.

710.11 Air tanks shall be so proportioned as to be of
equal cubical capacity to the ejectors connected
therewith in which there shall be maintained an air
pressure of not less than two (2) pounds for each foot
(3 kg for each m) of height the sewage is to be raised.
No water-operated ejectors shall be permitted.

710.12 Grinder Pump Ejector. Grinder pumps shall
be permitted to be used.

710.13 Macerating Toilet Systems. Listed macerating
toilet systems shall be permitted as an alternate to a
sewage pump system when approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

710.13.1 Sumps. The sump shall be water- and
gastight.

710.13.2 Discharge Piping. The discharge piping
shall be sized per manufacturer's instructions
and shall be not less than 3/4 inches (20 mm) in
diameter. The developed length of the discharge
piping shall not exceed the manufacturer's
recommendations. A check valve and fullway-
type shutoff valve shall be located within the
discharge line or internally within the device.

710.13.3 Venting. The plumbing fixtures that
discharge into the macerating device shall be
vented per this code. The sump shall be vented
per manufacturer's instructions and such vent
shall be permitted to connect to the fixture
venting.

71 1.0 Suds Relief.

Drainage connections shall not be made into a
drainage piping system within eight (8) feet (2438
mm) of any vertical to horizontal change of direction
of a stack containing suds-producing fixtures.
Bathtubs, laundries, washing machine standpipes,
kitchen sinks, and dishwashers shall be considered
suds-producing fixtures. Where parallel vent stacks
are required, they shall cormect to the drainage stack
at a point eight (8) feet (2,438 mm) above the lowest
point of the drainage stack.

Exceptions:

(1) Single-family residences.

(2) Stacks receiving the discharge from less than
three (3) stories of plumbing fixtures.

712.0 Testing.

712.1 Media. The piping of the plumbing, drainage,
and venting systems shall be tested with water or air
except that plastic pipe shall not be tested with air.
The Authority Having Jurisdiction may require the
removal of any cleanouts, etc., to ascertain whether
the pressure has reached all parts of the system.
After the plumbing fixtures have been set and their
traps filled with water, they shall be submitted to a
final test.

712.2 Water Test. The water test shall be applied to
the drainage and vent systems either in its entirety or
in sections. If the test is applied to the entire system,
all openings in the piping shall be tightly closed,
except the highest opening, and the system filled with
water to point of overflow. If the system is tested in
sections, each opening shall be tightly plugged,
except the highest opening of the section under test,
and each section shall be filled with water, but no
section shall be tested with less than a ten (10) foot
(3048 mm) head of water. In testing successive
sections, at least the upper ten (10) feet (3048 mm) of
the next preceding section shall be tested, so that no
joint or pipe in the building (except the uppermost
ten (10) feet (3048 nrni) of the system) shall have been
submitted to a test of less than a ten (10) foot (3048
mm) head of water. The water shall be kept in the
system, or in the portion under test, for at least fifteen
(15) minutes before inspection starts. The system shall
then be tight at all points.

712.3 Air Test. The air test shall be made by
attaching an air compressor testing apparatus to any
suitable opening and, after closing all other inlets
and outlets to the system, forcing air into the system
until there is a uniform gauge pressure of five (5)
pounds per square inch (34.5 kPa) or sufficient to
balance a column of mercury ten (10) inches (254
mm) in height. The pressure shall be held without
introduction of additional air for a period of at least
fifteen (15) minutes.

118

SANITARY DRAINAGE

713.0-717.0

Part II - Building Sewers.

713.0 Sewer Required.

713.1 Every building in which plumbing fixtures are
installed and every premises having drainage piping
thereon shall have a connection to a public or private
sewer, except as provided in Sections 101.4.1.3, 713.2,
and 713.4.

713.2 When no public sewer intended to serve any lot
or premises is available in any thoroughfare or right
of way abutting such lot or premises, drainage piping
from any building or works shall be connected to an
approved private sewage disposal system.

713.3 Within the limits prescribed by Section 713.4
hereof, the rearrangement or subdivision into smaller
parcels of a lot that abuts and is served by a public
sewer shall not be deemed cause to permit the
construction of a private sewage disposal system, and
aU plumbing or drainage systems on any such smaller
parcel or parcels shall connect to the public sewer.

713.4 The public sewer may be considered as not
being available when such public sewer or any
building or any exterior drainage facility connected
thereto is located more than two hundred (200) feet
(60.8 m) from any proposed building or exterior
drainage facility on any lot or premises that abuts
and is served by such public sewer.

713.5 No permit shall be issued for the installation,
alteration, or repair of any private sewage disposal
system, or part thereof, on any lot for which a
connection with a public sewer is available.

713.6 On every lot or premises hereafter connected
to a public sewer, all plumbing and drainage systems
or parts thereof on such lot or premises shall be
connected with such public sewer.

Exception: Single-family dwellings and buildings
or structures accessory thereto, existing and
connected to an approved private sewage
disposal system prior to the time of cormecting
the premises to the public sewer may, when no
hazard, nuisance, or insanitary condition is
evidenced and written permission has been
obtained from the Authority Having Jurisdiction,
remain connected to such properly maintained
private sewage disposal system when there is
insufficient grade or fall to permit drainage to
the sewer by gravity.

714.0 Damage to Public Sewer or Private Sewage
Disposal System.

714.1 It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit,
by any means whatsoever, into any plumbing fixture,
floor drain, interceptor, sump, receptor, or device

which is connected to any drainage system, public
sewer, private sewer, septic tank, or cesspool, any
ashes; cinders; solids; rags; flammable, poisonous, or
explosive liquids or gases; oils; grease; and any other
thing whatsoever that would or could cause damage
to the public sewer, private sewer, or private sewage
disposal system.

714.2 No rain, surface, or subsurface water shall be
connected to or discharged into any drainage
system, unless first approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

714.3 No cesspool, septic tank, seepage pit, or
drainfield shall be coimected to any public sewer or
to any building sewer leading to such public sewer.

714.4 The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall review
before approval, the installation of a commercial food
waste grinder connecting to a private sewage disposal
system.

714.5 An approved-type watertight sewage or
wastewater holding tank, the contents of which, due
to their character, must be periodically removed and
disposed of at some approved off-site location, shall
be installed only when required by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction or the Health Officer to prevent
anticipated surface or subsurface contamination or
pollution, damage to the public sewer, or other
hazardous or nuisance conditions.

715.0 Building Sewer Materials.

715.1 The building sewer, beginning two (2) feet (610
mm) from any building or structure, shall be of such
materials as prescribed in this code. |

715.2 Joining methods and materials shall be as
prescribed in this code.

715.3 Replacement of existing building sewer and
building storm sewers using trenchless methodology
and materials shall be installed in accordance with
lAPMO IS-26.

716.0 Markings.

All pipe, brick, block, prefabricated septic tanks,
prefabricated septic tank or seepage pit covers, or
other parts or appurtenances incidental to the
installation of building sewers or private sewage
disposal systems shall conform to the approval
requirements of Chapter 3 of this code.

717.0 Size of Building Sewers.

The minimum size of any building sewer shall be
determ^ined on the basis of the total number of

TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
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119

717.0-720.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

fixture units drained by such sewer, in accordance
with Table 7-8. No building sewer shall be smaller
than the building drain.

For alternate methods of sizing building sewers,
see Appendix L.

718.0 Grade, Support, and Protection of Building
Sewers.

718.1 Building sewers shall be run in practical
alignment and at a uniform slope of not less than
one-fourth (1/4) of an inch per foot (20.9 mm/m)
toward the point of disposal.

Exception: When approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction and where it is impractical,
due to the depth of the street sewer or to the
structural features or to the arrangement of any
building or structure, to obtain a slope of one-
fourth (1/4) of an inch per foot (20.9 mm/m),
any such pipe or piping four (4) inches (100 mm)
through six (6) inches (150 mm) may have a
slope of not less than one-eighth (1/8) inch per
foot (10.5 mm/m) and any such piping eight (8)
inches (200 rrmi) and larger may have a slope of
not less than one-sixteenth (1/16) of an inch per
foot (5.3 mm/m).

718.2 Building sewer piping shall be laid on a firm
bed throughout its entire length, and any such
piping laid in made or filled-in ground shall be laid
on a bed of approved materials and shall be properly
supported as required by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

71 8.3 No building sewer or other drainage piping or
part thereof, which is constructed of materials other
than those approved for use under or within a
building, shall be installed under or within two (2)
feet (610 mm) of any building or structure, or part
thereof, nor less than one (1) foot (305 mm) below the
surface of the ground. The provisions of this
subsection include structures such as porches and
steps, whether covered or uncovered; brpezeways;
roofed porte cocheres; roofed patios; carports;
covered walks; covered driveways; and similar
structures or appurtenances.

719.0 Cleanouts.

719.1 Cleanouts shall be placed inside the building
near the connection between the building drain and
the building sewer or installed outside the building
at the lower end of the building drain and extended
to grade.

Additional building sewer cleanouts shall be
installed at intervals not to exceed one hundred (100)
feet (30,480 mm) in straight runs and for each

aggregate horizontal change in direction exceeding
one hundred thirty-five (135) degrees (2.36 rad).

719.2 When a building sewer or a branch thereof does
not exceed ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) in length and is a
straight-line projection from a building drain that is
provided with a cleanout, no cleanout will be required
at its point of connection to the building drain.

71 9.3 All required building sewer cleanouts shall be
extended to grade and shall comply with all
appropriate sections of Cleanouts, Section 707.0, for
sizing, construction, and materials. When building
sewers are located under buildings, the cleanout
requirements of Section 707.0 shall apply.

719.4 Each cleanout shall be installed so that it opens
to allow cleaning in the direction of flow of the soil or
waste or at right angles thereto and, except in the case
of wye branch and end-of-line cleanouts, shall be
installed vertically above the flow line of the pipe.

719.5 Cleanouts installed under concrete or asphalt
paving shall be made accessible by yard boxes or by
extending flush with paving with approved materials
and shall be adequately protected.

719.6 Approved manholes may be installed in lieu
of cleanouts, when first approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction. The maximum distance
between manholes shall not exceed three hundred
(300) feet (91.4 m).

The inlet and outlet connections shall be made
by the use of a flexible compression joint no closer
than twelve (12) inches (305 mm) to and not farther
than three (3) feet (914 mrn) from the manhole. No
flexible compression joints shall be embedded in the
manhole base.

720.0 Sewer and Water Pipes.

Building sewers or drainage piping of clay or materi-
als that are not approved for use within a building
shall not be run or laid in the same trench as the
water pipes unless both of the following
requirements are met:

(1) The bottom of the water pipe, at all points,
shall be at least twelve (12) inches (305 mm)
above the top of the sewer or drain line.

(2) The water pipe shall be placed on a solid
shelf excavated at one side of the common
trench with a minimum clear horizontal
distance of at least twelve (12) inches (305
mm) from the sewer or drain line.

Water pipes crossing sewer or drainage
piping constructed of clay or materials
that are not approved for use within a
building shall be laid a minimum of twelve
(12) inches (305 mm) above that sewer or
drain pipe.

120

SANITARY DRAINAGE

720.0 - Table 7-8

Note:

For the purpose of this section, "within the
building" shall mean within the fixed limits of
the building foundation.

721.0 Location.

721.1 Except as provided in Section 721.2, no
building sewer shall be located in any lot other than
the lot that is the site of the building or structure
served by such sewer nor shall any building sewer
be located at any point having less than the
minimum distances indicated in Table 7-7.

721.2 Nothing contained in this code shall be
construed to prohibit the use of all or part of an
abutting lot to:

(1) Provide access to cormect a building sewer to an
available public sewer when proper cause and
legal easement, not in violation of other

requirements, has been first established to the
satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(2) Provide additional space for a building sewer
when proper cause, transfer of ownership, or
change of boundary, not in violation of other
requirements, has been first established to the
satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
The instrument recording such action shall
constitute an agreement with the Authority
Having Jurisdiction and shall clearly state and
show that the areas so joined or used shall be
maintained as a unit during the time they are so
used. Such an agreement shall be recorded in the
office of the County Recorder as part of the
conditions of ownership of said properties, and
shall be binding on all heirs, successors, and
assigns to such properties. A copy of the
instrument recording such proceedings shall be
filed with the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

TABLE 7-7
Minimum Horizontal Distance Required From Building Sewer

Buildings or structures' ..2feet (610mm)

Property line adjoining private

property......... Clear'

Water supply wells .50 feet' (15,240 mm)

Streams.. 50 feet (15,240 mm)

On-site domestic water

service line 1 foot' (305 mm)

Public water main .10 feet'' (3,048 mm)

Note:

' Including porches and steps, whether covered or uncovered; breezewayis; roofed portecocheres; roofed patios; carports;
covered walks; covered driveways; and similar structures or appurtenances.

^ See also Section 313.3.

^ All drainage piping shall clear domestic water supply wells by at least fifty (50) feet (15,240 mm). This distance may be reduced
to not less than twenty-five (25) feet (7,620 mm) when the drainage piping is constructed of materials approved for use within a
building.

" See Section 720.0.

^ For parallel construction.

^ For crossings, approval by the Health Department or Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be required.

TABLE 7-8
Maximum/Minimum Fixture Unit Loading on Building Sewer Piping

Size of Pipe,
Inches (mm)

6 and smaller (150)
8 (200)

10 (250)

12 (300)

Slope, Inches per Foot (mm/m)
1/16(5.3) 1/8(10.5) 1/4(20.9)

(As specified in Table 7-5/No minimum loading)
1,950/i,500 2,800/625 3,900/275

3,400/1 ,600 4,900/675 6,800/300

5,600/1 ,700 8,000/725 1 1 ,200/325

See also Appendix K, Private Sewage Disposal Systems. For alternate methods of sizing drainage piping, see
Appendix L

121

722.0 - 723.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

722.0 Abandoned Sewers and Sewage Disposal
Facilities.

722.1 Every abandoned building (house) sewer, or
part thereof, shall be plugged or capped in an
approved manner within five (5) feet (1,524 mm) of
the property line.

722.2 Every cesspool, septic tank, and seepage pit
that has been abandoned or has been discontinued
otherwise froni further use, or to which no waste or
soil pipe from a plumbing fixture is connected, shall
have the sewage removed therefrom and be
completely filled with earth, sand, gravel, concrete,
or other approved material.

722.3 The top cover or arch over the cesspool, septic
tank, or seepage pit shall be removed before filling,
and the filling shall not extend above the top of the
vertical portions of the sidewalls or above the level
of any outlet pipe until inspection has been called
and the cesspool, septic tank, or seepage pit has been
inspected. After such inspection, the cesspool, septic
tank, or seepage pit shall be filled to the level of the
top of the ground.

722.4 No person owning or controlling any cesspool,
septic tank, or seepage pit on the premises of such
person or in that portion of any public street, alley, or
other public property abutting such premises, shall
fail, refuse, or neglect to comply with the provisions
of this section or upon receipt of notice so to comply
from the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

722.5 Where disposal facilities are abandoned
consequent to connecting any premises with the
public sewer, the permittee making the connection
shall fill all abandoned facilities as required by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction within thirty (30) days
from the time of connecting to the public sewer.

723.0 Building Sewer Test.

Building sewers shall be tested by plugging the end
of the building sewer at its points of connection with
the public sewer or private sewage disposal system
and completely filling the building sewer with water
from the lowest to the highest point thereof, or by
approved equivalent low-pressure air test. The
building sewer shall be watertight at all points.

122

CHAPTER 8

INDIRECT WASTES

801.0 Indirect Wastes.

801.1 Alrgap or Airbreak Required. All indirect
waste piping shall discharge into the building
drainage system through an airgap or airbreak as set
forth in this code. Where a drainage airgap is
required by this code, the mininium vertical distance
as measured from the lowest point of the indirect
waste pipe or the fixture outlet to the flood-level rim
of the receptor shall be not less than one (1) inch
(25.4 mm).

801.2 Food and Beverage Handling Establishments.

Establishments engaged in the storage, preparation,
selling, serving, processing, or other handling of food
and beverage involving the following equipment that
requires drainage shall provide indirect waste piping
for refrigerators, refrigeration coils, freezers, walk-in
coolers, iceboxes, ice-making machines, steam tables,
egg boilers, coffee urns and brewers, hpt-and-cold
drink disperisers, and similar equipment.

801.2.1 Except for refrigeration coils and ice-
making machines, the minimum size of the
iiidirect waste pipe shall not be smaller than the
drain on the unit, but shall not be smaller than
one (1) inch (25 mm), and the maximum
developed length shall not exceed fifteen (15)
feet (4,572 mm). Indirect waste pipe for ice-
making machines shall not be less than the drain
on the unit, but shall not be less than three-
quarters (3/4) inch (20 mm).

801 .2.2 For walk-in coolers, floor drains may be
connected to a separate drainage line discharging
into an outside receptor. The flood-level rim of
the receptor shall be a minimum of six (6) inches
(152 mm) lower than the lowest floor drain. Such
floor drains shall be trapped and individually
vented. Cleanouts shall be provided at every
ninety (90) degree (1.6 rad) turn and shall be
accessibly located. Such waste shall discharge
through an airgap or airbreak into a trapped and
vented receptor, except that a full-size airgap is
required where the indirect waste pipe may be
imder vacuimi.

801 .2.3 Food-preparation sinks, steam kettles,
potato peelers, ice cream dipper wells, and
similar equipment shall be indirectly connected
to the drainage system by means of an airgap.
Bins, sinks, and other equipment having
drainage connections and used for the storage of
unpackaged ice used for human ingestion, or

used in direct contact with ready-to-eat food,
shall be indirectly connected to the drainage
system by means of an airgap. Each indirect
waste pipe from food-handling fixtures or
equipment shall be separately piped to the
indirect waste receptor and shall not combine
with other indirect waste pipes. The piping from
the equipment to the receptor shall not be
smaller than the drain on the unit, and it shall
not be smaller than one-half (1/2) inch (15 mm).

801.3 Bar and Fountain Sink Traps. Where the
sink in a bar, soda foimtain, or counter is so located
that the trap serving the sink cannot be vented, the
sink drain shall discharge through an airgap or
airbreak (see Section 801.2.3) into an approved
receptor that is vented. The developed length from
the fixture outlet to the receptor shall not exceed five
(5) feet (1524 mm).

801.4 Connections from Water Distribution
System. Indirect waste connections shall be
provided for drains, overflows, or relief pipes from
potable water pressure tanks, water heaters, boilers,
and similar equipment that is connected to the
potable water distribution system. Such indirect
waste connections shall be made by means of a
water-distribution airgap constructed in accordance
with Table 6-3.

801.5 Sterilizers. Lines, devices, or apparatus such
as stills, sterilizers, and similar equipment requiring
waste connections and used for sterile materials shall
be indirectly cormected by means of an airgap. Each
such indirect waste pipe shall be separately piped to
the receptor and shall not exceed fifteen (15) feet
(4,572 mm). Such receptors shall be located in the
same room.

801 .6 Drip or Drainage Outlets. Appliances, devices,
or apparatus not regularly classed as plumbing
fixtures, but which have drip or drainage outlets,
may be drained by indirect waste pipes discharging
into an open receptor through either an airgap or
airbreak (see Section 801.2.1).

802.0 Approvals.

No plumbing fixtures served by indirect waste pipes
or receiving discharge therefrom shall be installed
until first approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

123

803.0 - 808.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

803.0 Indirect Waste Piping.

Except as hereinafter provided, the size and
construction of indirect waste piping shall be in
accordance with other sections of this code
applicable to drainage and vent piping. No vent
from indirect waste piping shall combine with any
sewer-connected vent, but shall extend separately to
the outside air. Indirect waste pipes exceeding five
(5) feet (1524 mm), but less than fifteen (15) feet
(4,572 mm) in length shall be directly trapped, but
such traps need not be vented.

Indirect waste pipes less than fifteen (15) feet
(4,572 mm) in length shall not be less than the
diameter of the drain outlet or tailpiece of the fixture,
appliance, or equipment served, and in no case less
than one-half (1/2) inch (15 mm) in size. Angles and
changes of direction in such indirect waste pipes
shall be provided with cleanouts so as to permit
flushing and cleaning.

804.0 Indirect Waste Receptors.

804.1 All plumbing fixtures or other receptors
receiving the discharge of indirect waste pipes shall be
approved for the use proposed and shall be of such
shape and capacity as to prevent splashing or flooding
and shall be located where they are readily accessible
for inspection and cleaning. No standpipe receptor for
any clothes washer shaU extend more than thirty (30)
inches (762 mm), nor less than eighteen (18) inches
(457 mm) above its trap. No trap for any clothes
washer standpipe receptor shall be installed below the
floor, but shall be roughed in not less than six (6)
inches (152 mm) and not more than eighteen (18)
inches (457 mm) above the floor. No indirect waste
receptor shall be installed in any toilet room, closet,
cupboard, or storeroom, nor in any other portion of a
building not in general use by the occupants thereof;
except standpipes for clothes washers may be
installed in toilet and bathroom areas when the
clothes washer is installed in the same room.

804.2 Where water service connections are installed
for a clothes washer, an approved method of waste
disposal shall be provided.

805.0 Pressure Drainage Connections.

Indirect waste connections shall be provided for
drains, overflows, or relief vents from the water
supply system, and no piping or equipment carrying
wastes or producing wastes or other discharges
under pressure shall be directly connected to any
part of the drainage system.

The foregoing shall not apply to any approved
sump pump or to any approved pressure-wasting
plumbing fixture or device when the Authority
Having Jurisdiction has been satisfied that the

drainage system is adequately sized to accommodate
the anticipated discharge thereof.

806.0 Sterile Equipment.

Appliances, devices, or apparatus such as stills,
sterilizers, and similar equipment requiring water
and waste and used for sterile materials shall be
drained through an airgap.

807.0 Appliances.

807.1 Appliances, devices, equipment, or other
apparatus not regularly classed as plumbing fixtures,
which are equipped with pumps, drips, or drainage
outlets, may be drained by indirect waste pipes
discharging into an approved type of open receptor.

807.2 When the condensate waste from air-
conditioning coils discharges by direct cormection to
a lavatory tailpiece or to an approved accessible inlet
on a bathtub overflow, the connection shall be
located in the area controlled by the same person
controlling the air-conditioned space.

807.3 When undiluted condensate waste from a fuel-
burning condensing appliance is discharged into the
drainage system, the material in the drainage system
shall be cast iron, galvanized iron, plastic, or other
materials approved for this use.

Exceptions:

(1) When the above condensate is discharged to
an exposed fixture tailpiece and trap, such
tailpiece and trap may be brass.

(2) Any materials approved in Section 701.0
may be used when data is provided that the
condensate waste is adequately diluted.

807.4 No domestic dishwashing machine shall be
directly connected to a drainage system or food
waste disposer without the use of an approved
dishwasher airgap fitting on the discharge side of the
dishwashing machine. Listed airgaps shall be
installed with the flood-level (FL) marking at or
above the flood level of the sirik or drainboard,
whichever is higher.

808.0 Cooling Water.

When permitted by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction, clean running water used exclusively as a
cooling medium in an appliance, device, or apparatus
may discharge into the drainage system through the
inlet side of a fixture trap in the event that a suitable
fixture is not available to receive such discharge. Such
trap connection shall be by means of a pipe connected
to the inlet side of an approved fixture trap, the upper
end terminating iii a funnel-shaped receptacle set

124

INDIRECT WASTES

808.0-811.2

adjacent, and not less than six (6) inches (152 mm)
above the overflow rim of the fixture.

thereto when the normal water level of. such boiler or
boilers is reduced not less than four (4) inches (102 mm).

809.0 Drinking Fountains.

Drinking fountains may be installed with indirect
wastes.

810.0 Steam and Hot Water Drainage Condensers
and Sumps.

810.1 No steam pipe shall be directly connected to
any part of a plumbing or drainage system, nor shall
any water having a temperature above one hundred
and forty (140)°F (60°C) be discharged under
pressure directly into any part of a drainage system.
Pipes from boilers shall discharge by means of
indirect waste piping, as determined by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction or the boiler
manufacturer's recommendations. Such pipes may
be indirectly connected by discharging into an open
or closed condenser or an intercepting sump of an
approved type that will prevent the entrance of
steam or such water under pressure into the
drainage system. All closed condensers or sumps
shall be provided with a vent that shall be taken off
the top and extended separately, full size above the
roof. All condensers and sumps shall be properly
trapped at the outlet with a deep seal trap extending
to within six (6) inches (152 mm) of the bottom of the
tank. The top of the deep seal trap shall have a three-
fourths (3/4) inch (19.1 mm) opening located at the
highest point of the trap to serve as a siphon breaker.
Outlets shall be taken off from the side in such a
manner as to allow a waterline to be maintained that
will permanently occupy not less than one-half (1/2)
the capacity of the condenser or sump. All inlets
shall enter above the waterline. Wearing plates or
baffles shall be installed in the tank to protect the
shell. The sizes of the blowoff line inlet, the water
outlets, and the vent shall be as shown in Table 8-1.
The contents of condensers receiving steam or hot
water under pressure must pass through an open
sump before entering the drainage system.

810.2 Sumps, condensers, or intercepting tanks that
are constructed of concrete shall have walls and
bottom not less than four (4) inches (102 mm) in
thickness, and the inside shall be cement plastered
not less than one-half (1/2) inch (12.7 mm) in
thickness. Condensers constructed of metal shall be
not less than No. 12 U.S. standard gauge (0.109 inch)
(2.77 mm), and all such metal condensers shall be
protected from external corrosion by an approved
bituminous coating.

810.3 Sumps and condensers shall be provided with
suitable means of access for cleaning and shall
contain a volume of not less than twice the volume of
water removed from the boiler or boilers cormected

TABLE 8-1

Pipe Connections in Blowoff

Condensers and Sumps

Boiler Blowoff

Water Outlet

Vent

3/4 in.* (20 mm) 3/4 in.* (20 mm) 2 in. (50 mm)

lin. (25 mm) 1 in. (25 mm) 2-1/2 in. (65 mm)

1-1/4 in. (32 mm) 1-1/4 in. (32 mm) 3 in. (80 mm)

1-1/2 in. (40 mm) 1-1/2 in. (40 mm) 4 in. (100 mm)

2 in. (50 mm) 2 in. (50 mm) 5 in. (125 mm)

2-1/2 in. (65 mm) 2-1/2 in. (65 mm) 6 in. (150 mm)

*To be used only with boilers of 100 square feet (9.29
m^) of heating surface or less.

810.4 Strainers. Every indirect waste interceptor
receiving discharge-containing particles that would
clog the receptor drain shall have a readily
removable beehive strainer.

811.0 Cliemical Wastes.

811.1 Chemical or industrial liquid wastes, that are
likely to damage or increase maintenance costs on the
sanitary sewer system, detrimentally affect sewage
treatment, or contaminate surface or subsurface waters
shall be pretreated to render them innocuous prior to
discharge into a drainage system. Detailed plans and
specifications of the pretreatment facilities shall be
required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

Piping conveying industrial, chemical, or
process wastes from their point of origin to sewer-
connected pretreatment facilities shall be of such
material and design as to adequately perform itfe
intended function to the satisfaction of the Authority
Having Jurisdiction. Drainage discharge piping from
pretreatment facilities or interceptors shall conform
to standard drainage installation procedures.

Copper tube shall not be used for chemical or
industrial wastes as defined in this section.

81 1 .2 Each waste pipe receiving or intended to receive
the discharge of any fixture into which acid or
corrosive chemical is placed, and each vent pipe
connected thereto, shall be constructed of PP, PVDF, |
chemical-resistant glass, high-siUcon iron pipe, or lead
pipe with a wall thickness of not less than one-eighth
(1/8) inch (3.2 mm); an approved type of ceramic
glazed or unglazed vitrified clay; or other approved
corrosion-resistant materials.

125

811.3-814.3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

811.3 All jointing materials shall be of approved
type and quality.

811.4 Wherever practicable, all piping shall be
readily accessible and installed with the maximum of
clearance from other services.

811.5 The owner shall make and keep a permanent
record of the location of all piping and venting
carrying chemical waste.

81 1 .6 No chemical vent shall intersect vents for other
services.

811.7 Chemical wastes shall be discharged in a
manner approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

811.8 The provisions in this section relative to
materials and methods of construction shall not
apply to installations such as photographic or X-ray
dark rooms or research or control laboratories
where minor amounts of adequately diluted
chemicals are discharged.

812.0 Clear Water Wastes.

Water lifts, expansion tanks, cooling jackets,
sprinkler systems, drip or overflow pans, or similar
devices that discharge clear wastewater into the
building drainage system shall discharge through an
indirect waste.

813.0 Swimming Pools.

Pipes carrying wastewater from swimming or
wading pools, including pool drainage and
backwash from filters, shall be installed as an
indirect waste. Where a pump is used to discharge
waste pool water to the drainage system, the pump
discharge shall be installed as an indirect waste.

814.0 Condensate Wastes and Control.

814.1 Condensate Disposal. Condensate from air
washers, air-cooling coils, fuel-burning condensing
appliances, the overflow from evaporative coolers,
and similar water-supplied equipment or similar air-
conditioning equipment shall be collected and
discharged to an approved plumbing fixture or
disposal area. If discharged into the drainage system,
equipment shall drain by means of an indirect waste
pipe. The waste pipe shall have a slope of not less
than 1/8 inch per foot (10.5 mm/m) or one percent
slope and shall be of approved corrosion-resistant
material not smaller than the outlet size as required
in Table 8-2 for air-cooling coils or condensing
fuel-burning appliances, respectively. Condensate or
wastewater shall not drain over a public way.

814.2 Size. Air-conditioning condensate waste pipes
shall be independent of any drainage and waste
system and shall not be smaller than shown in Table
8-2.

TABLE 8-2
Minimum Condensate Pipe Size

Equipment Capacity

Minimum Condensate

in Tons of

Pipe Diameter

Refrigeration (kW)

in Inches

(mm)

Up to 20 (Up to 70.34)

3/4

(20)

21-40 (73.85-140.67)

1

(25)

41-90 (144.19-316.6)

1-1/4

(32)

91-125 (320.03-439.6)

1-1/2

(40)

126-250 (443.12-879.2)

2

(50)

The size of condensate waste pipes may be for
one unit or a combination of units, or as
recommended by the manufacturer. The capacity of
waste pipes assumes a one-eighth (1/8) inch per foot
(10.5 mm/m) or one percent slope, with the
following pipe conditions:

Outside Air - 20%
DB WB

90°F 73°F
(32°C) (23°C)

Room Air - 80%
DB WB

75°F 62.5°F
(24°C) (17°)

Condensate drain sizing for other slopes or other
conditions shall be approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

Air-conditioning waste pipes shall be con-
structed of materials specified in Chapter 7.

814.3 Point of Discharge. Air-conditioning
condensate waste pipes shall connect indirectly to the
drainage system through an airgap or airbreak to a
properly trapped and vented receptors dry wells,
leach pits, or the tailpiece of plumbing fixtures.

Condensate waste shall not drain over a public
way.

126

CHAPTER 9

VENTS

901 .0 Vents Required.

Each plumbing fixture trap, except as otherwise
provided in this code, shall be protected against
siphonage and back-pressure, and air circulation
shall be ensured throughout all parts of the drainage
system by means of vent pipes installed in
accordance with the requirements of this chapter and
as otherwise required by this code.

902.0 Vents Not Required.

I 902.1 Vent piping may be omitted on an inter-
ceptor when such interceptor acts as a primary
settling tank and discharges through a horizontal
indirect waste pipe into a secondary interceptor.
The second interceptor shall be properly trapped
and vented.

902.2 Traps serving sinks that are part of the
equipment of bars, soda fountains, and counters
need not be vented when the location and
construction of such bars, soda fountains, and
counters is such as to make it impossible to do so.
When such conditions exist, said sinks shall
discharge by means of approved indirect waste pipes
into a floor sink or other approved type of receptor.

903.0 Materials.

903.1 Vent pipe shall be cast iron, galvanized steel,
galvanized wrought iron, copper, brass. Schedule 40
ABS DWV, Schedule 40 PVC DWV, stainless steel
304 or 316L (stainless steel 304 pipe and fittings shall
not be installed underground and shall be kept at
least six inches (152 mm) aboveground), or other
approved materials having a smooth and uniform
bore except that:

903.1.1 No galvanized wrought-iron or
galvanized steel pipe shall be used undergroimd
and shall be kept at least six (6) inches (152 mm)
aboveground.

903.1.2 ABS and PVC DWV piping installations
shall be installed in accordance with IS 5, IS 9,
and Chapter 15 "Firestop Protection." Except for
individual single-family dwelling units,
materials exposed within ducts or plenums shall
have a flame-spread index of not more than 25
and a smoke-developed index of not more than
50 when tested in accordance with the Test for
Surface-Burning Characteristics of the Building

Materials (see the Building Code standards
based on ASTM E-84 and ANSI/UL 723).

903.2 Use of Copper Tubing.

903.2.1 Copper tube for undergroimd drainage
and vent piping shall have a weight of not less
than that of copper drainage tube type DWV.

903.2.2 Copper tube for aboveground drainage
and vent piping shall have a weight of not less
than that of copper drainage tube type DWV.

903.2.3 Copper tube shall not be used for
chemical or industrial wastes as defined in
Section 811.0.

903.2.4 All hard-drawn copper tubing, in
addition to the required incised marking, shall
be marked in accordance with either ASTM
B306, Copper Drainage Tube (DWV), or ASTM
BBS Seamless Copper Water Tube as listed in
Table 14-1. The colors shall be: Type K, green;
T3^e L, blue; Type M, red; Type DWV, yellow.

903.3 Vent fittings shall be cast iron, galvanized
malleable iron or galvanized steel, copper, brass,
ABS, PVC, stainless steel 304 or 316L, or other |
approved materials, except that no galvanized
malleable iron or galvanized steel, or 304 stainless
steel shall be used underground and shall be kept at
least six (6) inches (152 mm) aboveground. Stainless
steel 304 pipe and fittings shall not be installed
underground and shall be kept at least 6 inches (152
mm) aboveground.

903.4 Changes in direction of vent piping shall be
made by the appropriate use of approved fittings,
and no such pipe shall be strained or bent. Burred
ends shall be reamed to the full bore of the pipe.

904.0 Size of Vents.

904.1 The size of vent piping shall be determined
from its length and the total number of fixture units
connected thereto, as set forth in Table 7-5. The
diameter of an individual vent shall not be less than
one and one-fourth (1-1/4) inches (32 mm) nor less
than one-half (1/2) the diameter of the drain to
which it is connected. In addition, the drainage
piping of each building and each connection to a
public sewer or a private sewage disposal system
shall be vented by means of one or more vent pipes,
the aggregate cross-sectional area of which shall not
be less than that of the largest required building

127

904.1 -907.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

sewer, as determined from Table 7-5. Vent pipes
from fixtures located upstream from pumps, ejectors,
backwater valves, or other devices that in any way
obstruct the free flow of air and other gases between
the building sewer and the outside atmosphere shall
not be used for meeting the cross-sectional area
venting requirements of this section.

Exception: When connected to a common
building sewer, the drainage piping of two (2) or
more buildings located on the same lot and under
one (1) ownership may be vented by means of
piping sized in accordance with Table 7-5,
provided the aggregate cross-sectional area of all
vents is not less than that of the largest required
common building sewer.

904.2 No more than one-third (1/3) of the total
permitted length, per Table 7-5, of any minimum-
sized vent shall be installed in a horizontal position.

Exception: When a minimum-sized vent is
increased one (1) pipe size for its entire length,
the maximum length limitation does not apply.

905.0 Vent Pipe Grades and Connections.

905.1 All vent and branch vent pipes shall be free
from drops or sags, and each such vent shall be level
or shall be so graded and connected as to drip back
by gravity to the drainage pipe it serves.

905.2 Where vents connect to a horizontal drainage
pipe, each vent pipe shall have its invert taken off
above the drainage centerline of such pipe
downstream of the trap being served.

905.3 Unless prohibited by structural conditions,
each vent shall rise vertically to a point not less than
six (6) inches (152 mm) above the flood-level rim of
the fixture. served before offsetting horizontally, and
whenever two or more vent pipes converge, each
such vent pipe shall rise to a point at least six (6)
inches (152 mm) in height above the flood-level rim
of the plumbing fixture it serves before being
connected to any other vent. Vents less than six (6)
inches (152 mm) above the flood-level rim of the
fixture shall be installed with approved drainage
fittings, material, and grade to the drain.

905.4 All vent pipes shall extend undiminished in
size above the roof, or shall be reconnected with a
soil or waste vent of proper size.

905.5 The vent pipe opening from a soil or waste
pipe, except for water closets and similar fixtures,
shall not be below the weir of the trap.

905.6 Two (2) fixtures may be served by a common
vertical pipe when each such fixture wastes separately
into an approved double fitting having inlet openings
at the same level.

906.0 Vent Termination.

906.1 Each vent pipe or stack shall extend through
its flashing and shall terminate vertically not less
than six (6) inches (152 mm) above the roof nor less
than one (1) foot (305 mm) from any vertical surface.

906.2 Each vent shall terminate not less than ten (10)
feet (3048 mm) from, or at least three (3) feet (914
mm) above, any openable window, door, opening,
air intake, or vent shaft, nor less than three (3) feet
(914 mm) in every direction from any lot line, alley
and street excepted.

906.3 Vent pipes shall be extended separately or
combined, of full required size, not less than six (6)
inches (152 mm) above the roof or fire wall.
Flagpoling of vents shall be prohibited except where
the roof is used for purposes other than weather
protection. All vents within ten (10) feet (3048 mm) of
any part of the roof that is used for such other
purposes shall extend not less than seven (7) feet
(2,134 mm) above such roof and shall be securely
stayed.

906.4 Vent pipes for outdoor installations shall
extend at least ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) above the
surrounding ground and shall be securely supported.

906.5 Joints at the roof around vent pipes shall be
made watertight by the use of approved flashings or
flashing material.

906.6 Lead. See Table 14-1. Sheet lead shall be not
less than the following:

For safe pans - not less than four (4) pounds per
square foot (19.5 kg/m^) or 1/16-inch (1.6 mm) thick.

For flashings or vent terminals - not less than
three (3) pounds per square foot (14.7 kg/m^) or 1.2
mm thick.

Lead bends and lead traps shall not be less than
one-eighth (1 /8) inch (3.2 mm) wall thickness.

906.7 Frost or Snow Closure. Where fiost or snow
closure is likely to occur in locations having minimum
design temperature below 0°F (-17.8°C), vent
terminals shall be a minimum of two (2) inches (51
mm) in diameter, but in no event smaller than the
required vent pipe. The change in diameter shall be
made inside the building at least one (1) foot (305 mm)
below the roof in an insulated space and terminate not
less than ten (10) inches (254 mm) above the roof, or as
required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

907.0 Vent Stacks and Relief Vents.

907.1 Each drainage stack that extends ten (10) or
more stories above the building drain or other
horizontal drain, shall be served by a parallel vent

128

VENTS

907.1 -910.3

stack, which shall extend undiminished in size from
its upper terminal and connect to the drainage stack at
or immediately below the lowest fixture drain. Each
such vent stack shall also be connected to the drainage
stack at each fifth floor, counting down from the
uppermost fixture drain, by means of a yoke vent, the
size of which shall be not less in diameter than either
the drainage or the vent stack, whichever is smaller.

907.2 The yoke vent connection to the vent stack
shall be placed not less than forty-two (42) inches
(1,067 mm) above the floor level, and the yoke vent
connection to the drainage stack shall be by means of
a wye-branch fitting placed below the lowest
drainage branch connection serving that floor.

908.0 Vertical Wet Venting.

908.1 Wet venting is limited to vertical drainage
piping receiving the discharge from the trap arm of
one (1) and two (2) fixture unit fixtures that also
serves as a vent for not to exceed four (4) fixtures.
All wet-vented fixtures shall be within the same
story; provided, further, that fixtures with a
continuous vent discharging into a wet vent shall be
within the same story as the wet-vented fixtures. No
wet vent shall exceed six (6) feet (1829 mm) in
developed length.

908.2 The vertical piping between any two (2)
consecutive inlet levels shall be considered a wet-
vented section. Each wet-vented section shall be a
minimum of one (1) pipe size larger than the
required minimum waste pipe size of the upper
fixture or shall be one (1) pipe size larger than the
required minimum pipe size for the sum of the
fixture units served by such wet-vented section,
whichever is larger, but in no case less than two (2)
inches (51 mm).

908.3 Common vent sizing shall be the sum of the
fixture units served but, in no case, smaller than the
minimum vent pipe size required for any fixture
served, or by Section 904.0.

908.4 Bathroom Wet Venting.

908.4.1 Where permitted. Any combination of
fixtures within one (1) or two (2) bathrooms
located on the same floor level in dwellings and
guest rooms shall be permitted to be vented by a
wet vent. The wet vent shall be considered the
vent for the fixtures and shall extend from the
connection of the dry vent along the direction of
the flow in the drain pipe to the most
downstream fixture drain connection to the
horizontal branch drain. Only the fixtures
within the bathroom(s) shall connect to the wet-
vented horizontal branch drain. Any additional

fixtures shall discharge downstream of the wet
vent system and be conventionally vented.

908.4.2 Vent Connection. The dry vent
connection to the wet vent shall be an individual
vent or common vent for the lavatory, bidet,
shower, or bathtub.

908.4.3 Size. The wet vent shall be sized based
on the fixture unit discharge into the wet vent.
The wet vent shall be a minium size of 2 inches
for 4 dfu or less, and 3 inches for more than 4 dfu.

909.0 Special Venting for Island Fixtures.

Traps for island sinks and similar equipment shall be
roughed in above the floor and may be vented by
extending the vent as high, as possible, but not less
than the drainboard height and then returning it
downward and connecting it to the horizontal sink
drain immediately downstream from the vertical
fixture drain. The return vent shall be connected to the
horizontal drain through a wye-branch fitting and
shall, in addition, be provided with a foot vent taken
off the vertical fixture vent by means of a wye branch
immediately below the floor and extending to the
nearest partition and then through the roof to the
open air, or may be connected to other vents at a point
not less than six (6) inches (152 mm) above the flood-
level rim of the fixtures served. Drainage fittings shall
be used on all parts of the vent below the floor level,
and a minimum slope of one-quarter (1/4) inch per
foot (20.9 mm/m) back to the drain shall be
maintained; The return bend used under the
drainboard shall be a one (1) piece fitting or an
assembly of a forty-five (45) degree (0.79 rad), a ninety
(90) degree (1.6 rad), and a forty-five (45) degree (0.79
rad) elbow in the order named. Pipe sizing shall be as
elsewhere required in this code. The island sink drain,
upstream of the returned vent, shall serve no other
fixtures. An accessible cleanout shall be installed in
the vertical portion of the foot vent.

910.0 Combination Waste and Vent Systems.

910.1 Combination waste and vent systems shall be
permitted only where structural conditions preclude
the installation of conventional systems as otherwise
prescribed by this code.

910.2 Plans and specifications for each combination
waste and vent system shall first be approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction before any portion of
any such system is installed.

910.3 Each combination waste and vent system, as
defined in Chapter 1, shall be provided with a vent
or vents adequate to ensure free circulation of air.

129

910.3-910.7

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Any branch more than fifteen (15) feet (4,572 mm)
in length shall be separately vented in an approved
manner. The minimum area of any vent installed in
a combination waste and vent system shall be at
least one-half (1/2) the inside cross-sectional area
of the drain pipe served. The vent connection shall
be downstream of the uppermost fixture.

91 0.4 Each waste pipe and each trap in any such
system shall be at least two (2) pipe sizes larger than
the sizes required by Chapter 7 of this code, and at
least two (2) pipe sizes larger than any fixture
tailpiece or connection.

910.5 No vertical waste pipe shall be used in any
such system, except the tailpiece or connection
between the outlet of a plumbing fixture and the
trap. Such tailpieces or connections shall be as short
as possible, and in no case shall exceed two (2) feet
(610 mm).

Exception: Branch lines may have forty-five (45)
degree (0.79 rad) vertical offsets.

910.6 An accessible cleanout shall be installed in
each vent for the combination waste and vent
system. Cleanouts may not be required on any wet-
vented branch serving a single trap when the fixture
tailpiece or connection is not less than two (2) inches
(50 mm) in diameter and provides ready access for
cleaning through the trap.

91 0.7 No water closet or urinal shall be installed on
any such system. Other one (1), two (2), or three (3)
unit fixtures remotely located from the sanitary
system and adjacent to a combination waste and
vent system may be connected to such system in the
conventional manner by means of waste and vent
pipes of regular sizes, providing that the two (2) pipe
size increase required in Section 910.4 is based on the
total fixture unit load connected to the system.

Note:

See Appendix B of this code for explanatory notes on
the design of combination waste and vent systems.

130

CHAPTER 10

TRAPS AND INTERCEPTORS

1001.0 Traps Required.

1001.1 Each plumbing fixture, excepting those
having integral traps or as permitted in Section
1001.2, shall be separately trapped by an approved
type of waterseal trap. Not more than one (1) trap
shall be permitted on a trap arm.

1 001 .2 One (1) trap may serve a set of not more than
three (3) single compartment sinks or laundry tubs of
the same depth or three (3) lavatories immediately
adjacent to each other and in the same room if the
waste outlets are not more than thirty (30) inches
(762 mm) apart and the trap is centrally located
when three (3) compartments are installed.

1 001 .3 No food waste disposal unit shall be installed
with any set of restaurant, commercial, or industrial
sinks served by a single trap; each such food waste
disposal unit shall be cormected to a separate trap.
Each domestic clothes washer and each laundry tub
shall be connected to a separate and independent
trap, except that a trap serving a laundry tub may
also receive the waste from a clothes washer set
adjacent thereto. No clothes washer or laundry tub
shall be connected to any trap for a kitchen sink.

1001.4 The vertical distance between a fixture outlet
and the trap weir shall be as short as practicable, but
in no case shall the tailpiece from any fixture exceed
twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm) in length.

1002.0 Traps Protected by Vent Pipes.

1002.1 Each plumbing fixture trap, except as
otherwise provided in this code, shall be protected
against siphonage and back-pressure, and air
circulation shall be assured throughout all parts of
the drainage system by means of a vent pipe installed
in accordance with the requirements of this code.

1002.2 Each fixture trap shall have a protecting vent so
located that the developed length of the trap arm from
the trap weir to the irmer edge of the vent shall be
within the distance given in Table 10-1, but in no case
less than two (2) times the diameter of the trap arm.

1002.3 A trap arm may change direction without the
use of a cleanout when such change of direction does
not exceed ninety (90) degrees (1.6 rad). All
horizontal changes in direction of trap arms shall
comply with Section 706.3.

Exception; For trap arms three (3) inches (80
mm) in diameter and larger, the change of
direction shall not exceed one hundred and

thirty-five (135) degrees (2.36 rad) without the
use of a cleanout.

1002.4 The vent pipe opening from a soil or waste
pipe, except for water closets and similar fixtures,
shall not be below the weir of the trap.

TABLE 10-1

Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms

(Except for water closets and similar fixtures)*

Trap Arm
Inches

Distance

Trap to Vent

Feet Inches

Trap Arm
mm

Distance

Trap to Vent

mm

1-1/4

2

6

32

762

1-1/2

3

6

40

1067

2

5

50

1524

3

6

80

1829

4 & larger

10

100 & larger

3048

Slope one-fourth (1/4) inch

per foot (20.9

mm/m)

*The developed length between the trap) of a water closet or
similar fixture (measured from the top of the closet ring [closet
flange] to the inner edge of the vent) and its vent shall not
exceed six (6) feet (1829 mm).

1003.0 Traps — Described.

1003.1 Each trap, except for traps within an
interceptor or similar device, shall be self-cleaning.
Traps for bathtubs, showers, lavatories, sinks,
laundry tubs, floor drains, urinals, drinking
fountains, dental units, and similar fixtures shall be
of standard design and weight and shall be of ABS,
cast brass, cast iron, lead, PP, PVC, or other
approved material. An exposed and readily
accessible drawn-brass tubing trap, not less than 17
B&S Gauge (0.045 inch) (1.1 mm), may be used on
fixtures discharging domestic sewage.

Exception: Drawn-brass tubing traps shall not
be used for urinals. Each trap shall have the
manufacturer's name stamped legibly in the
metal of the trap, and each tubing trap shall
have the gauge of the tubing in addition to the
manufacturer's name. Every trap shall have a
smooth and uniform interior waterway.

1 003.2 No more than one (1) approved slip joint
fitting may be used on the outlet side of a trap, and
no tubing trap shall be installed without a listed
tubing trap adapter. Listed plastic trap adapters may
be used to connect listed metal tubing traps.

131

1003.3-1011.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

1003.3 The size (nominal diameter) of a trap for a
given fixture shall be sufficient to drain the fixture
rapidly, but in no case less than nor more than one
(1) pipe size larger than given in Table 7-3. The
trap shall be the same size as the trap arm to which
it is connected.

1004.0 Traps — Prohibited.

No form of trap that depends for its seal upon the action
of movable parts shall be used. No trap that has
concealed interior partitions, except those of plastic,
glass, or similar corrosion-resisting material, shall be
used. "S" traps, bell traps, and crown-vented traps shall
be prohibited. No fixture shall be double trapped. Drum
and bottle traps shall be installed only for special
conditions. No trap shall be iQstalled without a vent,
except as otherwise provided in this code.

1005.0 Trap Seals.

Each fixture trap shall have a water seal of not less
than two (2) inches (51 mm) and not more than four
(4) inches (102 mm), except where a deeper seal is
found necessary by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Traps shall be set true with respect to their water
seals and, where necessary, they shall be protected
from freezing.

1006.0 Floor Drain Traps.

Floor drains shall connect into a trap so constructed
that it can be readily cleaned and of a size to serve
efficiently the purpose for which it is intended. The
drain inlet shall be so located that it is at all times in
full view. When subject to reverse flow of sewage or
liquid waste, such drains shall be equipped with an
approved backwater valve.

1007.0 Trap Seal Protection.

Floor drain or similar traps directly connected to the
drainage system and subject to infrequent use shall
be protected with a trap seal primer, except where
not deemed necessary for safety or sanitation by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. Trap seal primers
shall be accessible for maintenance.

1008.0 Building Traps.

Building traps shall not be installed except where
required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Each
building trap when installed shall be provided with
a cleanout and with a relieving vent or fresh-air
intake on the inlet side of the trap, which need not be
larger than one-half the diameter of the drain to
which it connects. Such relieving vent or fresh-air
intake shall be carried above grade and terminate in
a screened outlet located outside the building.

1009.0 Industrial Interceptors (Clarifiers) and
Separators.

1009.1 When Required. Interceptors (clarifiers)
(including grease, oil, sand interceptors [clarifiers],
etc.) shall be required by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction when they are necessary for the proper
handling of liquid wastes containing grease,
flammable wastes, sand, solids, acid or alkaline
substances, or other ingredients harmful to the
building drainage system, the public or private
sewer, or to public or private sewage disposal.

1009.2 Approval. The size, type, and location of each
interceptor (clarifier) or separator shall be approved
by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Except where
otherwise specifically permitted, no wastes other
than those requiring treatment or separation shall be
discharged into any interceptor (clarifier).

1009.3 Design. Interceptors (clarifiers) for sand and
similar heavy solids shall be so designed and located
as to be readily accessible for cleaning and shall have
a water seal of not less than six (6) inches (152 mm).

1009.4 Relief Vent. Interceptors (clarifiers) shall be
so designed that they will not become air-bound if
closed covers are used. Each interceptor (clarifier)
shall be properly vented.

1009.5 Location. Each interceptor (clarifier) cover
shall be readily accessible for servicing and
maintaining the interceptor (clarifier) in working and
operating condition. The use of ladders or the
removal of bulky equipment in order to service
interceptors (clarifiers) shall constitute a violation of
accessibility. Location of all interceptors (clarifiers)
shall be shown on the approved building plan.

1009.6 Maintenance of Interceptors. Interceptors
shall be maintained in efficient operating condition
by periodic removal of accumulated grease, scum,
oil, or other floating substances and solids deposited
in the interceptor.

1 009.7 Discharge. The waste pipe from oil and sand
interceptors shall discharge as approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1010.0 Slaughterhouses, Packing Establishments, etc.

Every fish, fowl, and animal slaughterhouse or
establishment; every fish, fowl, and meat packing or
curing establishment; every soap factory, tallow-
rendering, fat-rendering, and hide-curing establish-
ment shall be connected to and shall drain or
discharge into an approved grease interceptor
(clarifier).

101 1 .0 Minimum Requirements for Auto Wash Racks.

Every private or public wash rack and /or floor or
slab used for cleaning machinery or machine parts
shall be adequately protected against storm or surface
water and shall drain or discharge into an approved |
interceptor (clarifier).

132

TRAPS AND INTERCEPTORS

1012.0-1014.2

1012.0 Commercial and Industrial Laundries.

Laundry eqviipment in con\n\ercial and industrial
buildings that does not have integral strainers shall
discharge into an interceptor having a wire basket or
similar device that is removable for cleaning and that
will prevent passage into the drainage system of
solids one-half (1/2) inch (12.7 mm) or larger in
maximum dimension, such as string, rags, buttons,
or other solid materials detrimental to the public
sewerage system.

1013.0 Bottling Establishments. Bottling plants
shall discharge their process wastes into an
interceptor that will provide for the separation of
broken glass or other solids, before discharging
liquid wastes into the drainage system.

1014.0 Grease Interceptors.

1014.1 Where it is determined by-the Authority
Having Jurisdiction that waste pretreatment is
required, an approved type of grease interceptor(s)
complying with the provisions of this section shall be
correctly sized and properly installed in grease waste
line(s) leading from sinks and drains, such as floor
drains and floor sinks and other fixtures or
equipment in serving establishn\ents such as
restaurants, cafes, lunch counters, cafeterias, bars
and clubs, hotels, hospitals, sanitariums, factory or
school kitchens, or other establishments where
grease may be introduced into the drainage or
sewage system in quantities that can effect line
stoppage or hinder sewage treatment or private
sewage disposal. A grease interceptor shall not be
required for individual dwelling units or for any
private living quarters. Water closets, urinals, and
other plumbing fixtures conveying human waste
shall not drain into or through the grease interceptor.

1014.1.1 Each fixture discharging into a grease
interceptor shall be individually trapped and
vented in an approved manner.

1014.1.2 All grease interceptors shall be
maintained in efficient operating condition by
periodic removal of the accumulated grease and
latent material. No such collected grease shall be
introduced into any drainage piping or public or
private sewer. If the Authority Having Jurisdic-
tion determines that a grease interceptor is not
being properly cleaned or maintained, the
Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the
authority to mandate the installation of addi-
tional equipment or devices and to mandate a
maintenance program.

1014.1.3 Food Waste Disposal Units and
Dishwashers. Unless specifically required or
permitted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction,
no food waste disposal unit or dishwasher shall

be connected to or discharge into any grease
interceptor. Commercial food waste disposers
shall be permitted to discharge directly into the
building's drainage system.

1014.2 Hydromechanical Grease Interceptors.

1014.2.1 Each plumbing fixture or piece of
equipment connected to a hydromechanical grease
interceptor shall be provided with an approved
type of vented flow control installed in a readily
accessible and visible location. How control devices
shall be designed and installed so that the total flow
through such device or devices shall at no time be
greater than the rated flow of the grease interceptor.
No flow-control device having adjustable or
removable parts shall be approved. The vented
flow-control device shall be located such that no
system vent shall be between the flow-control and
the grease trap inlet. The vent or air inlet of the
flow-control device shaU connect with the sanitary
drainage vent system, as elsewhere required by this
code, or shall terminate through the roof of the
building, and shall not terminate to the free
atmosphere inside the building.

Exception: Listed grease interceptors with
integral flow controls or restricting devices
shall be installed in an accessible location in
accordance with the manufacturers'
instructions.

1014.2.2 The total capacity in gallons (L) of
fixtures discharging into any hydromechanical
grease interceptor shall not exceed two and one-
half (2-1/2) times the certified GPM (L/s) flow
rate of the interceptor as per Table 10-2.

For the purpose of this section, the term
"fixture" shall mean and include each plumbing
fixture, appliance, apparatus, or other equipment
required to be connected to or discharged into a
grease interceptor by any provision of this
section.

1 01 4.2.3 A vent shall be installed downstream
of hydromechanical grease interceptors in
accordance with the requirements of this code.

133

Table 10-2 -1015.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Table 10-2
Hydromechanical Grease Interceptor (HGI)

Sizing Chart*
DFU HGI FLOW (gpm)

10

13

20

35

172

216

342

428

576

720

20

25

35

50

75

100

150

200

250

350

500

*Based on intermittent potentially full flow in
drainage lines.

1014.3 Gravity Grease Interceptors. Required
gravity grease interceptors shall comply with the
provisions of Sections 1014.3.1 through 1014.3.7.

1014.3.1 General.

The provisions of this section shall apply to the
design, construction, installation, and testing of
commercial kitchen gravity grease interceptors.

1014.3.2 Waste Discharge Requirements.

1014.3.2.1 Waste discharge in establishments
from fixtures and equipment which may
contain grease, including but not limited to,
scullery sinks, pot and pan sinks, dishwashers,
soup kettles, and floor drains located in areas
where grease-containing materials may exist,
may be drained into the sanitary waste
through the interceptor when approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1014.3.2.2 Toilets, urinals, and other
similar fixtures shall not drain through the
interceptor.

1014.3.2.3 All waste shall enter the
interceptor through the inlet pipe only.

1014.3.3 Design.

1014.3.3.1 Gravity Interceptors shall be
constructed in accordance with the applicable
standard in Table 14-1 or the design approved
by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1014.3.4 Location.

1014.3.4.1 Each grease interceptor shall be
so installed and connected that it shall be
at all times easily accessible for inspection.

cleaning, and removal of the intercepted
grease. A gravity grease interceptor
complying with lAPMO PS 80, shall not be
installed in any part of a building where
food is handled. Location of the grease
interceptor shall meet the approval of the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1014.3.4.2 Interceptors shall be placed as
close as practical to the fixtures they serve.

1 01 4.3.4.3 Each business establishment for
which a gravity grease interceptor is
required shall have an interceptor which
shall serve only that establishment unless
otherwise approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

1014.3.4.4 Each gravity grease interceptor
shall be located so as to be readily accessible
to the equipment required for maintenance.

1014.3.5 Construction Requirements.

1014.3.5.1 Purpose. Gravity grease
interceptors shall be designed to remove
grease from effluent and shall be sized in
accordance with this section. Gravity grease
interceptors shall also be designed to retain
grease until accumulations can be renioved by
pumping the interceptor. It is recommended
that a sample box be located at the outlet end
of all gravity grease interceptors so that the
Authority Having Jurisdiction can periodi-
cally sample effluent quedity.

1014.3.6 Sizing Criteria.

1014.3.6.1 Sizing. The volume of the
interceptor shall be determined by using
Table 10-3. If drainage fixture units (DFUs)
are not known, the interceptor shall be sized
based on the maximum DFUs allowed for the
pipe size connected to the inlet of the
interceptor. Refer to Table 7-5, Drainage
Piping, Horizontal.

1014.3.7 Abandoned Gravity Grease Intercep-
tors. Abandoned grease interceptors shall be
pumped and filled as required for abandoned
sewers and sewage disposal facilities in Section
722.0.

1015.0 FOG (Fats, Oils, and Greases) Disposal
System.

1015.1 Purpose.

The purpose of this section is to provide the necessary
criteria for the sizing, application, and installation of
FOG disposal systems designated as a pretreatment or
discharge water quality compliance strategy.

134

TRAPS AND INTERCEPTORS

Table 10-3 -1016.2

Table 10-3
Gravity Grease Interceptor Sizing

DFUs (1)

8

21 (3)

35

90 (3)

172

216

307 (3)

342

428

576

720

2112

2640

Interceptor Volume (2)

500 gallons
750 gallons
1,000 gallons
1,250 gallons
1,500 gallons
2,000 gallons ■
2,500 gallons
3,000 gallons
4,000 gallons
5,000 gallons
7,500 gallons
10,000 gallons
15,000 gallons

Notes

(1) Tlie maximum allowable DFUs plumbed to the kitchen drain lines that will be connected to the grease interceptor.

(2) This size is based on: the DFUs, the pipe size from this code; Table 7-5; Useful Tables for flow in half-full pipes (ref : Mohinder Nayynr Piping
Handbook, 3Td Edition, 1992).

(3) Based on 30-minute retention time (ref.: Metcalf & Eddy, hic. Small and Decentralized Wastezuater Management Systems, 3rd Ed. 1998). Romided up
to nominal interceptor volume.

1015.2 Scope.

FOG disposal systems shall be considered engineered
systems and shall comply with the requirements of
section 301.2 of this code.

1015.3 Components, Materials, and Equipment.

FOG disposal systems, including all components,
materials, and equipment necessary for the proper
function of the system, shall comply with sections
301.1.3 or 301.2 of this code.

1015.4 Sizing Application and Installation.

FOG disposal systems shall be engineered, sized,
and installed in accordance with the manufacturers'
specifications and as specified in lAPMO PS 118-
2000, as listed in Chapter 14, Table 14-1 of this code.

1015.5 Performance.

FOG disposal systems shall be tested and certified as
described in lAFMO PS 118-2000, as listed in
Chapter 14, Table 14-1 of this code, and other
national consensus standards applicable to FOG
disposal systems as discharging no more than
lOOmg/L FOG.

Gravity Grease Interceptor Sizing Example:

Given: A restaurant with the following fixtures and
equipment.

one food preparation sink; three floor drains - one in the food
prep area, one in the grill area, and one receiving the indirect
waste from the ice machine; a mop sink; a dishwasher with a
maximum discharge flow rate of 20 gpm discharging into a
dedicated receptor; and two public restrooms, each with one
water closet and one lavatory.

Kitchen Drain Line DFU Count (from Table 7-3):

3 floor drains @ 2 DFUs each = 6 DFUs

Mop sink @ 3 DFUs each = 3 DFUs

Food prep sink @ 3 DFUs each = 3 DFUs

Dishwasher @ 4 DFUs (Table 7-4) = 4 DFUs

Total 16 DFUs

Using Table 10-3, the grease interceptor will be sized at 750
gallons.

1016.0 Sand Interceptors.

1016.1 Where Required.

1016.1.1 Whenever the discharge of a fixture or
drain may contain solids or semi-solids heavier
than water that would be harmful to a drainage
system or cause a stoppage within the system,
the discharge shall be through a sand interceptor.
Multiple floor drains may discharge into one
sand interceptor.

1016.1.2 Sand interceptors are required when-
ever the Authority Having Jurisdiction deems it
advisable to have a sand interceptor to protect
the drainage system.

1016.2 Construction and Size.

Sand interceptors shall be built of brick or concrete,
prefabricated coated steel, or other watertight material.
The interceptor shall have an interior baffle for full
separation of the interceptor into two (2) sections. The
outlet pipe shall be the same size as the inlet pipe of the
sand interceptor, the minimum being three (3) inches

135

1016.2-1017.2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

(80 mm), and the baffle shall have two (2) openings of
the same diameter as the outlet pipe and at the same
invert as the outlet pipe. These openings shall be
staggered so that there cannot be a straight line flow
between any inlet pipe and the outlet pipe. The invert
of the inlet pipe shall be no lower than the invert of the
outlet pipe.

The sand interceptor shall have a minimum
dimension of two (2) feet square (0.2 m^) for the net free
opening of the inlet section and a minimum depth under
the invert of the outlet pipe of two (2) feet (610 mm).

For each five (5) gallons (18.9 L) per minute flow
or fraction thereof over twenty (20) gallons (75.7 L)
per minute, the area of the sand interceptor inlet
section is to be increased by one (1) square foot (0.09
m^). The outlet section shall at all times have a
minimum area of fifty (50) percent of the inlet section.

The outlet section shall be covered by a solid
removable cover, set flush with the finished floor,
and the inlet section shall have an open grating, set
flush with the finished floor and suitable for the
traffic in the area in which it is located.

1016.3 Separate Use. Sand and similar interceptors for
every solid shall be so designed and located as to be
readily accessible for cleaning, shall have a water seal of
not less than six (6) inches (152 mm), and shall be vented.

1017.0 Oil and Flammable Liquid Interceptors.

1017.1 Interceptors Required. All repair garages
and gasoline stations with grease racks or grease
pits, and all factories that have oily, flammable, or
both types of wastes as a result of manufacturing,
storage, maintenance, repair, or testing processes,
shall be provided with an oil or flammable liquid
interceptor that shall be connected to all necessary
floor drains. The separation or vapor compartment
shall be independently vented to the outer air. If two
(2) or more separation or vapor compartments are
used, each shall be vented to the outer air or may
connect to a header that is installed at a minimum of six
(6) inches (152 mm) above the spill Mne of the lowest
floor drain and vented independently to the outer air.
The minimum size of a flammable vapor vent shall not
be less than two (2) inches (50 mm), and, when vented
through a sidewall, the vent shall not be less than ten
(10) feet (3048 mm) above the adjacent level at an
approved location. The interceptor shaU be vented on
the sewer side and shall not connect to a flammable
vapor vent. All oil and flammable interceptors shaU be
provided with gastight cleanout covers that shall be
readily accessible. The waste line shall not be less than
three (3) inches (80 mm) in diameter with a full-size
cleanout to grade. When an interceptor is provided
witli an overflow, it shall be provided with an overflow
Mne (not less than two (2) inches (50 mm) in diameter)
to an approved waste oil tank having a minimum

capacity of five hundred fifty (550) gallons (2,080 L) and
meeting the requirements of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. The waste oil from the separator shall flow
by gravity or shall be pumped to a higher elevation by
an automatic pump. Pumps shall be adequately sized
and accessible. Waste oil tanlcs shall have a two (2) inch
(50 mm) minimum pump-out connection at grade and
a one and one-half (1-1/2) inch (40 mm) minimum vent
to atmosphere at an approved location at least ten (10)
feet (3,048 mm) above grade.

1017.2 Design of Interceptors. Each manufactured
interceptor that is rated shall be stamped or labeled
by the manufacturer with an indication of its full
discharge rate in gpm (L/s). The full discharge rate to
such an interceptor shall be determined at full flow.
Each interceptor shall be rated equal to or greater
than the incoming flow and shall be provided with an
overflow line to an underground tank.

Interceptors not rated by the manufacturer shall
have a depth of not less than two (2) feet (610 mm)
below the invert of the discharge drain. The outlet
opening shall have not less than an eighteen (18) inch
(457 mm) water seal and shall have a minimum capacity
as follows: where not more than thi'ee (3) motor vehicles
are serviced and /or stored, interceptors shall have a
minimum capacity of six (6) cubic feet (0.2 nf), and one
(1) cubic foot (0.03 m^) of capacity shall be added for
each vehicle up to ten (10) vehicles. Above ten (10)
vehicles, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall
determine tiie size of the interceptor required. Where
vehicles are serviced only and not stored, interceptor
capacity shall be based on a net capacity of one (1) cubic
foot (0.03 m^) for each one hundred (100) square feet (9.3
m^) of surface to be drained into the interceptor, with a
minimum of six (6) cubic feet (0.2 m^).

136

CHAPTER 11

STORM DRAINAGE

1101.0 General.

1101.1 Where Required. All roofs, paved areas,
yards, courts, and courtyards shall be drained into a
separate storm sewer system, or into a combined
sewer system where a separate storm sewer system
is not available, or to some other place of disposal
satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, hi
the case of one- and two-family dwellings, storm
water may be discharged on flat areas such as streets
or lawns so long as the storm water shall flow away
from the building and away from adjoining
property, and shall not create a nuisance.

1101.2 Storm Water Drainage to Sanitary Sewer
Prohibited. Storm water shall not be drained into
sewers intended for sanitary drainage only.

1101.3 Material Uses. Rainwater piping placed
within the interior of a building or run within a vent
or shaft shall be of cast iron, galvanized steel,
wrought iron, brass, copper, lead. Schedule 40 ABS
DWV, Schedule 40 PVC DWV, stainless steel 304 or
316L (stainless steel 304 pipe and fittings shall not be
installed underground and shall be kept at least six
inches (152 mm) aboveground), or other approved
materials, and changes in direction shall conform to
the requirements of Section 706.0. ABS and PVC
DWV piping installations shall be installed in
accordance with IS 5, IS 9, and Chapter 15 "Firestop
Protection." Except for individual single-family
dwelling units, materials exposed within ducts or
plenums shall have a flame-spread index of not more
than 25 and a smoke-developed index of not more
than 50, when tested in accordance with the Test for
Surface-Burning Characteristics of the Building
Materials (see the Building Code standards based on
ASTM E-84 and ANSI/UL 723.).

1101.4 Expansion Joints Required. Expansion
joints or sleeves shall be provided where warranted
by temperature variations or physical conditions.

1101.5 Subsoil Drains.

1101 .5.1 Subsoil drains shall be provided around
the perimeter of buildings having basements,
cellars, or crawl spaces or floors below grade.
Such subsoil drains may be positioned inside or
outside of the footing, shall be of perforated or
open-jointed approved drain tile or pipe not less
than three (3) inches (80 mm) in diameter, and
shall be laid in gravel, slag, crushed rock,
approved three-quarter (3/4) inch (19.1 mm)
crushed recycled glass aggregate, or other

approved porous material with a minimum of
four (4) inches (102 mm) surrounding the pipe
on all sides. Filter media shall be provided for
exterior subsoil piping.

1 1 01 .5.2 Subsoil drains shall be piped to a storm
drain, to an approved water course, to the front
street curb or gutter, or to an alley, or the
discharge from the subsoil drains shall be
conveyed to the alley by a concrete gutter. Where
a continuously flowing spring or groundwater is
encountered, subsoil drains shall be piped to a
storm drain or an approved water course.

1101 .5.3 Where it is not possible to convey the
drainage by gravity, subsoil drains shall
discharge to an accessible sump provided with
an approved automatic electric pump. The sump
shall be at least fifteen (15) inches (375 mm) in
diameter, eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) in
depth, and provided with a fitted cover. The
sump pump shall have an adequate capacity to
discharge all water coming into the sump as it
accumulates to the required discharge point, and
the capacity of the pump shall not be less than
fifteen (15) gpm (1.0 L/s). The discharge piping
from the sump pump shall be a minimum of one
and one-half (1-1/2) inches (40 mm) in diameter
and have a union or other approved quick-
disconnect assembly to make the pump
accessible for servicing.

1101.5.4 For separate dwellings not serving
continuously flowing springs or groundwater,
the sump discharge pipe may discharge onto a
concrete splash block with a minimum length of
twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm). This pipe shall
be within four (4) inches (102 mm) of the splash
block and positioned to direct the flow parallel
to the recessed line of the splash block.

1101.5.5 Subsoil drains subject to backflow
when discharging into a storm drain shall be
provided with a backwater valve in the drain
line so located as to be accessible for inspection
and maintenance.

1101.5.6 Nothing in Section 1101.5 shall prevent
drains that serve either subsoil drains or areaways
of a detached building from discharging to a
properly graded open area, provided that:

(1) They do not serve continuously flowing
springs or groundwater;

(2) The point of discharge is at least ten (10) feet
(3,048 mm) from any property line; and •

137

1101.5-1101.12

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

(3) It is impracticable to discharge such drains
to a storm, drain, to an approved water
course, to the front street curb or gutter, or
to an alley.

1101.6 Building Subdrains. Building subdrains
located below the public sewer level shall discharge
into a sump or receiving tank, the contents of which
shall be automatically lifted and discharged into the
drainage system as required for building sumps.

1101.7 Areaway Drains. All open subsurface space
adjacent to a building, serving as an entrance to the
basement or cellar of a building, shall be provided
with a drain or drains. Such areaway drains shall be
two (2) inches (50 mm) minimum diameter for
areaways not exceeding one hundred (100) square
feet (9.3 m^) in area, and shall be discharged in the
manner provided for subsoil drains not serving
continuously flowing springs or groundwater (see
Section 1101.5.2). Areaways in excess of one hundred
(100) square feet (9.3 m^) shall not drain into subsoil.
Areaway drains for areaways exceeding one
hundred (100) square feet (9.3 m^) shall be sized
according to Table 11-2.

1101.8 Window Areaway Drains. Window areaways
not exceeding ten (10) square feet (0.9 m^) in area
may discharge to the subsoil drains through a two
(2) inch (50 mm) pipe. However, window areaways
exceeding ten (10) square feet (0.9 m^) in area shall be
handled in the manner provided for entrance
areaways (see Section 1101.7).

1101.9 Filling Stations and IVIotor Vehicle Washing
Establishments. Public filling stations and motor
vehicle washing establishments shall have the paved
area sloped toward sumps or gratings within the
property lines. Curbs not less than six (6) inches (152
mm) high shall be placed where required to direct
water to gratings or sumps.

1101.10 Paved Areas. Where the occupant creates
surface water drainage, the sumps, gratings, or floor
drains shall be piped to a storm drain or an
approved water course.

1 1 01 .1 1 Roof Drainage.

1101.11.1 Primary Roof Drainage. Roof areas
of a building shall be drained by roof drains or
gutters. The location and sizing of drains and
gutters shall be coordinated with the structural
design and pitch of the roof. Unless otherwise
required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction,
roof drains, gutters, vertical conductors or
leaders, and horizontal storm drains for primary
drainage shall be sized based on a storm of sixty
(60) minutes duration and 100-year return
period. Refer to Table D-1 (in Appendix D) for
100-year, 60-minute storms at various locations.

1101.11.2 Secondary drainage. Secondary
(emergency) roof drainage shall be provided by
one of the methods specified in Section
1101.11.2.1 or 1101.11.2.2.

1101.11.2.1 Roof Scuppers or Open Side.

Secondary roof drainage shall be provided by
an open-sided roof or scuppers where the
roof perimeter construction extends above
the roof in such a manner that water will be
entrapped. An open-sided roof or scuppers
shall be sized to prevent the depth of ponding
water from exceeding that for which the roof
was designed as determined by Section
1101.11.1. Scupper openings shall be a
minimum of 4" high and have a width equal
to the circumference of the roof drain required
for the area served, sized by Table 11-1.

1101.11.2.2 Secondary Roof Drain.

Secondary roof drains shall be provided.
The secondary roof drains shall be located a
minimum of 2 inches above the roof surface.
The maximum height of the roof drains shall
be a height to prevent the depth of ponding
water from exceeding that for which the
roof was designed as determined by Section
1101.11.1. The secondary roof drains shall
connect to a piping system conforming to
Section 1101.11.2.2.1 or 1101.11.2.2.2.

1101.11.2.2.1 Separate Piping System.

The secondary roof drainage system
shall be a separate system of piping,
independent of the primary roof
drainage system. The discharge shall be
above grade, in a location observable by
the building occupants or maintenance
personnel. Secondary roof drain systems
shall be sized in accordance with Section
1101.11.1 based on the rainfall rate for
which the primary system is sized.

1101.11.2.2.2 Combined System. The

secondary roof drains shall connect to the
vertical piping of the primary storm
drainage conductor downstream of any
horizontal offset below the roof. The
primary storm drainage system shall
connect to the building storm water that
connects to an underground public storm
sewer. The combined secondary and prim-
ary roof drain systems shall be sized in
accordance with Section 1106.0 based on
double the rainfall rate for the local area.

1101.12 Cleanouts.

1101.12.1 Cleanouts for building storm
drains shall comply with the requirements
of Section 719.0 of this code.

138

STORM DRAINAGE

1101.12-1105.1

1101.12.2 Rain leaders and conductors
connected to a building storm sewer shall
have a cleanout installed at the base of the
outside leader or outside conductor before it
connects to the horizontal drain.

1101.13 All rainwater sumps serving "public
use" occupancy buildings shall be provided with
dual pumps arranged to function alternately in
case of overload or mechanical failure.

1102.0 Materials.

1102.1 Conductors.

1102.1.1 Conductors installed aboveground in
buildings shall be constructed of materials
specified in Table 14-1.

1 1 02.1 .2 The inside of conductors installed above
ground level shall be of seamless copper water
tube. Type K, L, or M; Schedule 40 copper pipe or
Schedule 40 copper alloy pipe; Type DWV copper
drainage tube; service weight cast-iron soil pipe or
hubless cast-iron soil pipe; standard weight
galvanized steel pipe; stainless steel 304 or 316L
(stainless steel 304 pipe and fittings shall not be
installed underground and shall be kept at least 6
inches (152 mm) aboveground); or Schedule 40
ABS or Schedule 40 PVC plastic pipe.

1102.2 Leaders.

1102.2.1 Leaders shall be constructed of
materials specified in Table 14-1.

1102.2.2 Leaders shall be of seamless copper
water tube. Type K, L, or M; Schedule 40 copper
pipe; Schedule 40 copper alloy pipe; type DWV
copper drainage tube; service weight cast-iron soil
pipe or hubless cast-iron soil pipe; aluminum
sheet nietal, galvanized steel sheet metal, or
copper sheet metal; standard weight galvanized
steel pipe; Class DL or XL lead pipe; stainless steel
304 or 316L (stainless steel 304 pipe and fittings
shall not be installed underground and shall be
kept at least 6 inches (152 nun) above-ground); or
Schedule 40 ABS or Schedule 40 PVC plastic pipe.

1102.3 Underground Building Storm Drains. All

underground building storm drains shall be
constructed of materials specified in Table 14-1.

1102.4 Building Storm Sewers. Building storm sewers
shall be constructed of materials specified in Table 14-1.

1102.5 Subsoil Drains.

1102.5.1 Subsoil drains shall be constructed of
materials specified in Table 14-1.

1 1 02.5.2 Subsoil drains shall be open-jointed or
of perforated pipe, vitrified clay, plastic, cast
iron, or porous concrete.

1103.0 Traps on Storm Drains and Leaders.

1103.1 Where Required. Leaders and storm drains,
when connected to a combined sewer, shall be
trapped. Floor and area drains connected to a storm
drain shall be trapped.

Exception: Traps shall not be required where
roof drains, rain leaders, and other inlets are at
locations allowed under Section 906.0, Vent
Termination.

1103.2 Where Not Required. No trap shall be
required for leaders or conductors 1jiat are connected
to a sewer carrying storm water exclusively.

1103.3 Trap Size. Traps, when installed for
individual conductors, shall be the same size as the
horizontal drain to which they are cormected.

1103.4 Method of Installation of Combined Sewer.

Individual storm-water traps shall be installed on the
storm-water drain branch serving each storm-water
inlet, or a single trap shall be installed in the main
storm drain just before its connection with the
combined building sewer. Such traps shall be
provided with an accessible cleanout on the outlet
side of the trap.

1104.0 Leaders, Conductors, and Connections.

1104.1 Improper Use. Leaders or conductors shall
not be used as soil, waste, or vent pipes nor shall
soil, waste, or vent pipes be used as leaders or
conductors.

1104.2 Protection of Leaders. Leaders installed
along alle5rways, driveways, or other locations where
they may be exposed to damage shall be protected
by metal guards, recessed into the wall, or
constructed from ferrous pipe.

1104.3 Combining Storm with Sanitary Drainage.

The sanitary and storm drainage system of a
building shall be entirely separate, except where a
combined sewer is used, in which case the building
storm drain shall be connected in the same
horizontal plane through single wye fittings to the
combined building sewer at least ten (10) feet (3,048
mm) downstream from any soil stack.

1105.0 Roof Drains.

1t05.1 Material.

1105.1.1 Roof drains shall be constructed of
materials specified in Table 14-1.

139

1105.1 -1108.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

1 1 05.1 .2 Roof drains shall be of cast iron, copper
or copper alloy, lead, or plastic.

1105.2 Dome or Strainer for General Use. All roof
drains and overflow drains, except those draining to
hanging gutters, shall be equipped with strainers
extending not less than four (4) inches (102 mm)
above the surface of the roof immediately adjacent to
the drain. Strainers shall have a minimum inlet area
above the roof level of not less than one and one-half
(1-1/2) times the area of the conductor or leader to
which the drain is connected.

1105.3 Strainers for Flat Decks. Roof drain strainers
for use on sun decks, parking decks, and similar areas
tliat are normally serviced and maintained may be of
the flat surface type. Such roof drain strainers shall be
level with the deck and shall have an available inlet
area of no less than two (2) tinies the area of the
conductor or leader to which the drain is connected.

1105.4 Roof Drain Flashings. Connection between
the roof and roof drains that pass through the roof
and into the interior of the building shall be made
watertight by the use of proper flashing material.

1105.4.1 Where lead flashing material is used, it
shall be a minimum of four (4) pounds per
square foot (19.5 kg/m^).

1105.4.2 Where copper flashing material is
used, it shall be a minimum of twelve (12)
ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m^).

1106.0 Size of Leaders, Conductors, and Storm
Drains.

1106.1 Vertical Conductors and Leaders. Vertical
conductors and leaders shall be sized on the basis of
the maximum projected roof area and Table 11-1.

1106.2 Size of Horizontal Storm Drains and
Sewers. The size of building storm drains or building
storm sewers or any of their horizontal branches shall
be based upon the maximum projected roof or paved
area to be handled and Table 11-2.

1106.3 Size of Roof Gutters. The size of semi-
circular gutters shall be based on the maximum
projected roof area and Table 11-3.

1106.4 Side Walls Draining onto a Roof. Where
vertical walls project above a roof so as to permit
storm water to drain to the roof area below, the
adjacent roof area may be computed from Table 11-1
as follows:

(1) For one (1) wall - add fifty (50) percent of
the wall area to the roof area figures.

(2) For two (2) adjacent walls - add thirty-five
(35) percent of the total wall areas.

(3) Two (2) opposite walls of same height - add
no additional area.

(4) Two (2) opposite walls of differing heights-
add fifty (50) percent of the wall area above
the top of lower wall.

(5) Walls on three (3) sides - add fifty (50)
percent of the area of the inner wall below
the top of the lowest wall, plus allowance
for the area of the wall above the top of the
lowest wall, per (2) and (4) above.

(6) Walls on four (4) sides - no allowance for
wall areas below the top of the lowest wall -
add for areas above the top of the lowest
wall per (1), (2), (4), and (5) above.

1107.0 Values for Continuous Flow.

Where there is a continuous or semi-continuous
discharge into the building storm drain or building
storm sewer, as from a pump, ejector, air-
conditioning plant, or similar device, one (1) gpm
(3.8 L/min.) of such discharge shall be computed as
being equivalent to twenty-four (24) square feet (2.2
m^) of roof area, based upon a rate of rainfall of four
(4) inches (102 mm) per hour.

1108.0 Controlled-Flow Roof Drainage.

1108.1 Application. In lieu of sizing the storm
drainage system in accordance with Section 1106.0,
the roof drainage may be sized on the basis of
controlled flow and storage of the storm water on the
roof, provided the following conditions are met:

(1) The water from a 25-year-frequency storm
shall not be stored on the roof for more than
twenty-four (24) hours.

(2) During the storm, the water depth on the
roof shall not exceed the depths specified in
Table 11-4.

TABLE 11-4
Controlled-Flow Maximum Roof Water Depth

Roof Rise,*

Max Water Depth at Drain,

Inches (mm)

Inches

(mm)

Flat (Flat)

3

(76)

2 (51)

4

(102)

4 (102)

5

(127)

6 (152)

6

(152)

*Vertical measurement from the roof surface at the drain to the highest
point of the roof surface served by the drain, ignoring any local
depression immediately adjacent to the drain.

(3) No less than two (2) drains shall be installed
in roof areas of ten thousand (10,000) square
feet (929.0 m^) or less, and no less than one
(1) additional drain shall be installed for

140

STORM DRAINAGE

1108.1 -1109.2

each ten thousand (10,000) square feet (929.0
m^) of roof area over ten thousand (10,000)
square feet (929.0 m^).

(4) Each roof drain shall have a precalibrated,
fixed (nonadjustable), and proportional
weir (notched) in a standing water
collar inside the strainer. No mechanical
devices or valves shall be allowed.

(5) Pipe sizing shall be based on the pre-
calibrated rate of flow (gpm) of the pre-
calibrated weir for the maximum allowable
water depth, and Tables 11-1 and 11-2.

(6) The height of stones or other granular
material above the waterproofed surface
shall not be considered in water depth
measurement, and the roof surface in the
vicinity of the drain shall not be recessed to
create a reservoir.

(7) Roof design, where controlled-flow roof
drainage is used, shall be such that the
minimum design roof live load is thirty (30)
pounds per square foot (146.5kg/m^) to
provide a safety factor above the fifteen (15)
pounds per square foot (73.2kg/m^)
represented by the depth of water stored on
the roof as indicated in Table 11-4.

(8) Scuppers shall be provided in parapet walls.
The distance of scupper bottoms above the
roof level at the drains shall not exceed the
maximum distances specified in Table 11-5.

TABLE 11-5
Distance of Scupper Bottoms Above Roof

Maximum Distance of

Scupper Bottom

Roof Rise,*

Above Roof Level at Drains,

Inches (mm)

Inches (mm)

Flat (Flat)

3 (76.2) .

2 (51)

4 (102.0)

4 (102)

5 (127.0)

6 (152)

6 (152.0)

*Vertical measurement from the roof surface at the drain to the highest
point of the roof surface served by the drain, ignoring any local
depression immediately adjacent to the drain.

(9) Scupper openings shall be a minimum of 4
inches high and have a width equal to the
circumference of the roof drain required for
the area served, sized by Table 11-1.

(10) Flashings shall extend above the top of the
scuppers.

(11) At any wall or parapet, forty-five (45)
degree (0.79 rad) cants shall be installed.

(12) Separate storm and sanitary drainage
systems shall be provided within the
building.

(13) Calculations for the roof drainage system
shall be submitted along with the plans to
the Authority Having Jurisdiction for
approval.

1108.2 Setback Roofs. Drains on setback roofs may
be connected to the controlled-flow drainage systems
provided:

(1) The setback is designed for storing water, or

(2) The square footage of the setback drainage
area is converted as outlined in Section
1108.0 to gpm, and the storm-water pipe
sizes in the controlled-flow system are
based on the sum of the loads.

(3) The branch from each of the roof drains that
are not provided with controlled flow shall
be sized in accordance with Table 11-1.

1109.0 Testing.

1109.1 Testing Required. New building storm
drainage systems and parts of existing systems that
have been altered, extended, or repaired shall be
tested as described in Section 1109.2.1 to disclose
leaks and defects.

1109.2 Methods of Testing Storm Drainage
Systems. Except for outside leaders and perforated
or open-jointed drain tile, the piping of storm drain
systems shall be tested upon completion of the rough
piping installation by water or air, and proved tight.
The Authority Having Jurisdiction may require the
removal of any cleanout plugs to ascertain whether
the pressure has reached all parts of the system.
Either of the following test methods shall be used:

1109.2.1 Water Test, After piping has been
installed, the w^ater test shall be applied to the
drainage system, either to the entire system or to
sections. If the test is applied to the entire system,
all openings in the piping shall be tightly closed
except for the highest opening, and the system
shall be filled with water to the point of
overflow. If the system is tested in sections, each
opening shall be tightly plugged except for the
highest opening of the section under test, and
each section shall be filled with water, but no
section shall be tested with less than a ten (10)
foot (3,048 mm) head of water. In testing
successive sections, at least the upper ten (10) feet
(3,048 mm) of the next preceding section shaU be
tested so that no joint of pipe in the building
(except the uppermost ten (10) foot (3,048 mm) of
a roof drainage system, which shall be filled with

141

1109.2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

water to the flood level of the uppermost roof
drain) shall have been submitted to a test of less
than a ten (10) foot (3048 mm) head of water. The
water shall be kept in the system or in the
portion under test for at least fifteen (15) minutes
before inspection starts; the system shall then be
tight at all points.

1109.2.2 Air Test. The air test shall be made by
attaching an air compressor testing apparatus to
any suitable opening after closing all other inlets
and outlets to the system, forcing air into the
system until there is a uniform gauge pressure of
five (5) psi (34.5 kPa) or sufficient pressure to
balance a column of mercury ten (10) inches (254
mm) in height. This pressure shall be held without
introduction of additional air for a period of at
least fifteen (15) minutes. Schedule 40 plastic DWV
systems shall not be tested by the air test method.

1109.2.3 Exceptions. When circumstances
exist that make air and water tests described in
Sections 1109.2.1 and 1109.2.2 above impractical,
see Section 103.5.3.3.

142

STORM DRAINAGE

Table 11-1

TABLE 11-1
Sizing Roof Drains, Leaders, and Vertical Rainwater Piping'

Size of Drain,

Maximum Allowable Horizontal Projected Roof Areas

Leader, or Pipe,

Flow,

Square

Feet at Various Rainfall Rates

Indies

gpm

1 \nJh

2inyh

3\nJh

4 inTh 5 inJh

Sinyh

2

23

2,176

1,088

725

544 435

363

3

67

6440

3,220

2,147

1,610 1,288

1,073

4

144

13,840

6,920

4,613

3,460 2,768

2,307

5

261

25,120

12,560

8,373

6,280 5,024

4,187

6

424

40,800

20,400

13,600

10,200 8,160

6,800

8

913

88,000

44,000

29,333

22,000 17,600

14,667

TABLE 11-1 (Metric)
Sizing Roof Drains, Leaders, and Vertical Rainwater Piping"

Size of Drain
Leader or Pipe, Flow,
mm L/s

Maximum Allowable Horizontal Projected Roof Areas
Square Meters at Various Rainfall Rates

25mm/h 50 mm/h 75 mm/h 100mm/h 125mm/h 150 mm/h

50

1.5

202

101

67

51

40

34

80

4.2

600

300

200

150

120

100

100

9.1

1,286

643

429

321

257

214

125

16.5

2,334

1,117

778

583

467

389

150

26.8

3,790

1,895

1,263

948

758

632

200

57.6

8,175

4,088

2,725

2,044

1,635

1,363

Notes:

1 . The sizing data for vertical conductors, leaders, and drains are based on the pipes flowing 7/24 full.

2. For rainfall rates other than those listed, determine the allowable roof area by dividing the area given in the
1 inch/hour (25 mm/hour) column by the desired rainfall rate.

3. Vertical piping may be round, square, or rectangular. Square pipe shall be sized to enclose its equivalent
round pipe. Rectangular pipe shall have at least the same cross-sectional area as its equivalent round pipe,
except that the ratio of its side dimensions shall not exceed 3 to 1 .

143

Table 1 1 -2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE 11-2
Sizing of Horizontal Rainwater Piping'

Size of

Flow at Maximum Allowable Horizontal Projected Roof Areas

Pipe,

1/8 in^ft. Slope, Square

Feet at Various Rainfall Rates

Inches

gpm

1 inTh 2 mJh

3 inyh

4inyh

5'mJh

6 \nJi\

3

34 3,288 1 ,644

1,096

822

657

548

4

78 7,520 3,760

2,506

1,880

1,504

1,253

5

139 13,360 6,680

4,453

3,340

2,672

2,227

6

222 21,400 10,700

7,133

5,350

4,280

3,566

8

478 46,000 23,000

15,330

1 1 ,500

9,200

7,670

. 10

860 82,800 41 ,400

27,600

20,700

16,580

13,800

12

1,384 133,200 66,600

44,400

33,300

26,650

22,200

15

2,473 238,000 119,000

79,333

59,500

47,600

39,650

Size of Flow at
Pipe, 1/4 inyft. Slope,
inches gpm

Maximum Allowable Horizontal Projected Roof Areas
Square Feet at Various Rainfall Rates

1 inVh

2in7h

SinTh

4inyh

5 inTh

SinTh

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

15

48

110

196

314

677

1,214

1,953

3,491

4,640

10,600

18,880

30,200

65,200

116,800

188,000

336,000

2,320

5,300

9,440

15,100

32,600

58,400

94,000

168,000

1,546

3,533

6,293

10,066

21 ,733

38,950

62,600

112,000

1,160

2,650

4,720

7,550

16,300

29,200

47,000

84,000

928

2,120

3,776

6,040

13,040

23,350

37,600

67,250

773

1,766

3,146

5,033

10,866

19,450

31,350

56,000

Size of Flow at
Pipe, 1/2 InVft. Slope,
Inches gpm

Maximum Allowable Horizontal Projected Roof Areas
Square Feet at Various Rainfall Rates

1 mJh

2mJh

3 inyh

4lnyh

5 inVh

6 in./h

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

15

68

156

278

445

956

1,721

2,768

4,946

6,576

15,040

26,720

42,800

92,000

165,600

266,400

476,000

3288

7,520

13,360

21 ,400

46,000

82,800

133,200

238,000

2,192

5,010

8,900

14,267

30,650

55,200

88,800

158,700

1,644

3,760

6,680

10,700

23,000

41,400

66,600

119,000

1,310

3,010

5,320

8,580

18,400

33,150

53,200

95,200

1096

2500

4450

7140

15,320

27,600

44,400

79,300

Notes:

1 . The sizing data for horizontal piping are based on the pipes flowing full.

2. For rainfall rates other than those listed, determine the allowable roof area by dividing the area given in the
1 inch/hour (25 mm/hour) column by the desired rainfall rate.

144

STORM DRAINAGE

Table 11 -2 (Metric)

TABLE 11-2 (Metric)
Sizing of Horizontal Rainwater Piping'

Size of

Flow at l\/laximum Allowable Horizontal Projected

1 Roof Areas

Pipe,

10 mm/m Slope,

Square 1

Meters at Various Rainfall Rates

mm

L/s

25 mm/h

50 mm/h

75 mm/h

100 mm/h

125 mm/h

150 mm/h

80

2.1 305

153

102

76

61

51

100

4.9 700

350

233

175

140

116

125

8.8 1,241

621

414

310

248

207

150

14.0 1,988

994

663

497

398

331

200

30.2 4,273

2,137

1,424

1,068

855

713

250

54.3 7,692

3,846

2,564

1,923

1,540

1,282

300

87.3 12,375

6,187

4,125

3,094

2,476

2,062

375

156.0 22,110

11,055

7,370

5,528

4,422

3,683

Size of Flow at
Pipe, 20 mm/m Slope,
mm Us

Maximum Allowable Horizontal Projected Roof Areas
Square Meters at Various Rainfall Rates

80
100
125
150
200
250
300
375

3.0

6.9

12.4

19.8

42.7

76.6

123.2

220.2

25 mm/h 50 mm/h 75 mm/h 100 mm/h 125 mm/h 150 mm/h

431
985
1,754
2,806
6,057
10,851
17,465
31,214

216
492
877
1,403
3,029
5,425
8,733
15,607

144

328

585

935

2,019

3,618

5,816

10,405

108

246

438

701

1,514

2,713

4,366

7,804

86

197

351

561

1,211

2,169

3,493

6,248

72

164

292

468

1009

1807

2912

5202

Size of Flow at
Pipe, 40 mm/m Slope,
mm L/s

Maximum Allowable Horizontal Projected Roof Areas
Square Meters at Various Rainfall Rates

80

100

125

150

200

250

300

375

4.3

9.8

17.5

28.1

60.3

108.6

174.6

312.0

25 mm/h 50 mm/h 75 mm/h 100 mm/h 125 mm/h 150 mm/h

611
1,400
2,482
3,976
8,547
15,390
24,749
44,220

305
700
1,241
1,988
4,273
7,695
12,374
22,110

204
465
827
1,325
2,847
5,128
8,250
14,753

153

350

621

994

2,137

3,846

6,187

1 1 ,055

122

280

494

797

1,709

3,080

4,942

8,853

102

232

413

663

1,423

2,564

4,125

7,367

Notes:

1 . The sizing data for horizontal piping are based on the pipes flowing full.

2. For rainfall rates other than those listed, determine the allowable roof area by dividing the area given in the
1 inch/hour (25 mm/hour) column by the desired rainfall rate.

145

Table 11-3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE 11-3

Size of Gutters

Diameter of Gutter

in Inches

Maximum Rainfall in

Inches per Hour

1/16 inyft. Slope

2

3

4

5

6

3

340

226

170

136

113

4

720

' 480

360

288

240

5

1,250

834

625

500

416

6

1,920

1,280

960

768

640

7

2,760

1,840

1 ,380

1,100

918

8

3,980

2,655

1,990

1,590

1,325

10

7,200

4,800

3,600

2,880

2,400

Diameter of Gutter

in Inches

Maximum Rainfall in

Inches per Hour

1/8 inTft. Slope

2

3

4

5

6

3

480

320

240

192

160

4

1,020

681

510

408

340

5

1,760

1,172

880

704

587

6

2,720

1,815

1,360

1,085

905

7

3,900

2,600

1,950

1,560

1,300

8

5,600

3,740

2,800

2,240

1,870

10

10,200

6,800

5,100

4,080

3,400

Diameter of Gutter

in Inches

Maximum Rainfall in

Inches per Hour

1/4 InVft. Slope

2

3

4

5

6

3

680

454

340

272

226

4

1,440

960

720

576

480

5

2,500

1,668

1,250

1,000

834

6

3,840

2,560

1,920

1,536

1,280

7

5,520

3,680

2,760

2,205

1,840

8

7,960

5,310

3,980

3,180

2,655

10

14,400

9,600

7,200

5,750

4,800

Diameter of Gutter

in Inches

Maximum Rainfall in

Inches per Hour

1/2 inVft. Slope

2

3

4

5

6

3

960

640

480

384

320

4

2,040

1,360

1,020

816

680

5

3,540

2,360

1,770

1,415

1,180

6

5,540

3,695

2,770

2,220

1,850

7

7,800

5„200

3,900

3,120

2,600

8

11,200

7,460

5,600

4,480

3,730

10

20,000

13,330

10,000

8,000

6,660

146

STORM DRAINAGE

Table 11-3 (Metric)

TABLE 11-

■3 (Metric)

Size of Gutters

Diameter of

Gutter in mm

Maximum Rainfall In Millimeters

per Hour

5.2 mm/m Slope

50.8

76.2

101.6

127.0

152.4

80

31.6

21.0

15.8

12.6

10.5

100

66.9

44.6

33.4

26.8

22.3

125

116.1

77.5

58.1

46.5

38.7

150

178.4

119.1

89.2

71.4

59.5

175

256.4

170.9

128.2

102.2

85.3

200

369.7

246.7

184.9

147.7

123.1

250

668.9

445.9

334.4

267.6

223.0

Diameter of

Gutter in mm

Maximum Rainfall In Millimeters

per Hour

10.4 mm/m Slope

50.8

76.2

101.6

127.0

152.4

80

44.6

29.7

22.3

17.8

14.9

100

94.8

63.3

47.4

37.9

31.6

25

163.5

108.9

81.8

65.4

54.5

150

252.7

168.6

126.3

100.8

84.1

175

362.3

241.5

181.2

144.9

120.8

200

520.2

347.5

260.1

208.1

173.7

250

947.6

631.7

473.8

379

315.9

Diameter of

Gutter In mm

Maximum Rainfall In Millimeters

per Hour

20.9 mm/m Slope

50.8

76.2

101.6

127.0

152.4

80

63.2

42.2

31.6

25.3

21.0

100

133.8

89.2

66.9

53.5

44.6

125

232.3

155.0

116.1

92.9

77.5

150

356.7

237.8

178.4

142.7

118.9

175

512.8

341.9

256.4

204.9

170.9

200

739.5

493.3

369.7

295.4

246.7

250

133.8

891.8

668.9

534.2

445.9

Diameter of

Gutter in mm

Maximum Rainfall In Millimeters

per Hour

41 .7 mm/m Slope

50.8

76.2

101.6

127.0

152.4

80

89.2

59.5

44.6

35.7

29.7

100

189.5

126.3

94.8

75.8

63.2

125

328.9

219.2

164.4

131.5

109.6

150

514.7

343.3

257.3

206.2

171.9

175

724.6

483.1

362.3

289.9

241.4

200

1,40.5

693.0

520.2

416.2

346.5

250

1 ,858.0

1,238.4

929.0

743.2

618.7

147

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

148

CHAPTER 12

FUEL PIPING

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1201.0 Scope of Gas Piping.

(A) Coverage of piping systems shall extend
from the point of delivery to the connections
with each gas utilization device. For other
than undiluted liquefied petroleum gas
systems, the point of delivery shall be
considered the outlet of the service meter
assembly, or the outlet of the service
regulator or service shutoff valve where no
meter is provided. For undiluted liquefied
petroleum gas systems, the point of delivery
shall be considered the outlet of the final
pressure regulator, exclusive of the line gas
regulators, in the system. [NFPA 54: 1.1.1.1(A)]

(B) Piping systems requirements shall include
design, materials, components, fabrications,
assembly, installation, testing inspection,
operation, and maintenance. [NFPA 54: 1.1.1.1(C)]

(C) This code shall not apply to the following
(reference standards for some of which
appear in Appendix L [NFPA 54: 1.1.1.2]):

(1) Portable LP-Gas equipment of all
types that is not connected to a
fixed fuel piping system.

(2) Installation of farm equipment such
as brooders, dehydrators, dryers,
and irrigation equipment.

(3) Raw material (feedstock) applications,
except for piping to special
atmosphere generators.

(4) Oxygen-fuel gas cutting and
welding systems.

(5) Industrial gas applications using
gases such as acetylene and acetylenic
compounds, hydrogen, ammonia,
carbon monoxide, oxygen, and nitrogen.

(6) Petroleum refineries, pipeline
compressor or pumping stations,
loading terminals, compounding
plants, refinery tank farms, and
natural gas processing plants.

(7) Large integrated chemical plants or
portions of such plants where
flammable or combustible liquids
or gases are produced by chemical
reactions or used in chemical
reactions.

(8) LP-Gas installations at utility gas
plants.

(9) Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
installations.

(10) Fuel gas piping in power and
atomic energy plants.

(11) Proprietary items of equipment,
apparatus, or instruments such as
gas-generating sets, compressors,
and calorim.eters.

(12) LP-Gas equipment for vaporization,
gas mixing, and gas m^anufacturing.

(13) LP-Gas piping for buildings under
construction or renovations that are
not to become part of the
permanent building piping system —
that is, temporary fixed piping for
building heat.

(14) Installation of LP-Gas systems for
railroad switch heating.

(15) Installation of LP-Gas and comp-
ressed natural gas systems on vehicles.

(16) Gas piping, meters, gas-pressure
regulators, and ottier appurtenances
used by the serving gas supplier in
distribution of gas, other than
undiluted LP-Gas.

1202.0 General.

The regulations of this chapter shall govern the
installation of all fuel gas piping ui or in connection
with any building or structure or within the property
lines of any premises up to 5 psi, other than service
pipe. Fuel oil piping systems shall be installed in
accordance with NFPA 31.

1203.0 Definitions.

For the purposes of this code, these definitions shall
apply to this chapter. Certain terms, phrases, words.,
and their derivatives shall be interpreted as set forth
in this section, provided, however, that whenever the
words "gas meters" appear, they shall be construed
to also mean valves and those devices required for
the regulation of pressure and the measurement of
natural gas being dispensed for any building,
structure, or premises.

1203.1 Appliance Fuel Connector - An assembly
of listed semi-rigid or flexible tubing and fittings to
carry fuel between a fuel-piping outlet and a fuel-
burning appliance.

1 203.2 Fuel Gas - Natural, manufactured, liquefied
petroleum, or a mixture of these.

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149

1203.3-1206.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

1203.3 Gas Piping - Any installation of pipe,
valves, or fittings that is used to convey fuel gas,
installed on any premises or in any building, but
shall not include:

(1) Any portion of the service piping.

(2) Any approved piping connection six (6) feet
(1,829 mm) or less in length between an
existing gas outlet and a gas appliance
in the same rooni with the outlet.

1203.4 Gas-Piping System - Any arrangement of gas
piping supplied by one (1) meter, and each arrange-
ment of gas piping serying a building, structure, or
premises, whether individually metered or not.

1203.5 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Facilities -

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) facilities means
tanks, containers, container valves, regulating
equipment, meters, and /or appurtenances for the
storage and supply of liquefied petroleum gas for
any building, structure, or premises.

NFPA 1203.6 Provision for Location of Point of Delivery -

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NFPA The location of the point of delivery shall be
NFPA acceptable to the serving gas supplier. [NFPA 54: 5.2]

1203.7 Quick-Disconnect Device - A hand-
operated device that provides a means for connecting
and disconnecting an appliance or an appliance
connector to a gas supply and that is equipped with
an automatic means to shut off the gas supply when
the device is disconnected.

1203.8 Service Piping - The piping and equipment
between the street gas main and the gas piping
system inlet that is installed by, and is under the
control and maintenance of, the serving gas supplier.

1203.9 Transition Gas Riser - Any listed or
approved section or sections of pipe and fittings
used to convey fuel gas and installed in a gas piping
system for the purpose of providing a transition
from belowground to aboveground.

1204.0 Inspection.

1204.1 Upon completion of the installation, altera-
tion, or repair of any gas piping, and prior to the use
thereof, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be
notified that such gas piping is ready for inspection.

1204.2 All excavations required for the installation
of underground piping shall be kept open until such
time as the piping has been inspected and approved.
If any such piping is covered or concealed before
such approval, it shall be exposed upon the direction
of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1 204.3 The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall make
the following inspections and either shall approve
that portion of the work as completed or shall notify
the permit holder wherein the same fails to comply
with this code.

1204.3.1 Rough Piping Inspection.

This inspection shall be made after all gas piping
authorized by the permit has been installed and
before any such piping has been covered or
concealed or any fixture or appliance has been
attached thereto. This inspection shall include a
determination that the gas-piping size, material,
and installation meet the requirements of this code.

1204.3.2 Final Piping Inspection.

This inspection shall be made after all piping
authorized by the permit has been installed and
after all portions thereof that are to be covered or
concealed are so concealed and before any
fixtures, appliance, or shutoff valve has been
attached thereto. This inspection shall be in
accordance with Section 1214.1. Test gauges
used in conducting tests shall comply with
Section 319.0, Test Gauges.

1204.4 In cases where the work authorized by the
permit consists of a minor installation of additional
piping to piping already connected to a gas meter,
the foregoing inspections may be waived at the
discretion of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. In
this event, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall
make such inspection as deemed advisable in order
to be assured that the work has been performed in
accordance with the intent of this code.

1205.0 Certificate of Inspection.

1205.1 If, upon final piping inspection, the
installation is found to comply with the provisions of
this code, a certificate of inspection may be issued by
the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1 205.2 A copy of the certificate of such final piping
inspection shall be issued to the serving gas supplier
supplying gas to the premises.

1205.3 It shall be unlawful for any serving gas
supplier, or person furnishing gas, to turn on or
cause to be turned on, any fuel gas or any gas meter
or meters, until such certificate of final inspection, as
herein provided, has been issued.

1206.0 Authority to Render Gas Service.

1206.1 It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or
corporation, excepting an authorized agent or
employee of a person, firm, or corporation engaged
in the business of furnishing or supplying gas and
whose service pipes supply or connect with the
particular premises, to turn on or reconnect gas
service in or on any premises where and when gas
service is, at the time, not being rendered.

150

FUEL PIPING

1206.2-1209.4

1 206.2 It shall be unlawful to turn on or connect gas
in or on any premises unless all outlets are properly
and securely connected to gas appliances or capped
or plugged with screw joint fittings.

1207.0 Authority to Disconnect.

1207.1 The Authority Having Jurisdiction or the
serving gas supplier is hereby authorized to
disconnect any gas piping or appliance or both that
shall be found not to conform to the requirements of
this code or that may be found defective and in. such
condition as to endanger life or property.

1207.2 Where such disconnection has been made, a
notice shall be attached to such gas piping or
appliance or both that shall state the same has been
disconnected, together with the reasons thereof.

1207.3 It shall be unlawful to remove or disconnect
any gas piping or gas appliance without capping or
plugging with a screw joint fitting the outlet from
which said pipe or appliance was removed. All
outlets to which gas appliances are not connected
shall be left capped gastight on any piping system
that has been installed, altered, or repaired.

Exception: When an approved listed quick-
disconnect device is used.

1208.0 Temporary Use of Gas.

Where temporary use of gas is desired and the
Authority Having Jurisdiction deems the use
necessary, a permit may be issued for such use for a
period of time not to exceed that designated by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction, provided that such
gas-piping system otherwise conforms to the
requirements of this code regarding material, sizing,
and safety.

1209.0 Gas-Piping System Design, Materials, and
Components.

1209.1 Piping Plan.

1209.1.1 Installation of Piping System. Where
required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, a
piping sketch or plan shall be prepared before
proceeding with the installation. This plan shall
show the proposed location of piping, the size of
different branches, the various load demands,
and the location of the point of delivery.

1209.1.2 Addition to Existing System. When
additional gas utilization equipment is being
connected to a gas-piping system, the existing
piping shall be checked to determine whether it
has adequate capacity (see Section 1209.4.3). If

inadequate, the existing system shall be enlarged
as required, or separate gas piping of adequate
capacity shall be provided.

1209.2 Provision for Location of Point of Delivery.

The location of the point of delivery shall be
acceptable to the serving gas supplier.

1209.3 Interconnections Between Gas-Piping
Systems.

1209.3.1 Interconnections Supplying Separate
Users. Where two or more meters, or two or
more service regulators where meters are not
provided, are located on the same premises and
supply separate users, the gas-piping systems
shall not be interconnected on the outlet side of
the meters or service regulators.

1209.3.2 Interconnections for Standby Fuels.

Where a supplementary gas for standby use is
connected downstream from a meter or a service
regulator where a meter is not provided, a device
to prevent backflow shall be installed. A three-
way valve installed to admit the standby supply
and, at the same time, shut off the regular supply,
shall be permitted to be used for this purpose.

1209.4 Sizing of Gas-Piping Systems.

1209.4.1 General Considerations. Gas-piping
systems shall be of such size and so installed as to
provide a supply of gas sufficient to meet the
niaximum demand without undue loss of pressure
between the point of delivery and the gas
utilization equipment.

1209.4.2 Maximum Gas Demand. The volume
of gas to be provided (in cubic feet per hour) shall
be determined directly from the manufacturer's
input ratings of the gas utilization equipment
served. Where the input rating is not indicated,
the gas supplier, equipment manufacturer, or a
qualified agency shall be contacted or the rating
from Table 12-1 shall be used for estimating the
volume of gas to be supplied. The total connected
hourly load shall be used as the basis for piping
sizing, assuming all equipment is operating at
full capacity simultaneously.

Exception: Sizing shall be permitted to be
based upon established load diversity factors.

151

Table 12-1 -1209.5

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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TABLE 12-1
Approximate Gas Input for Typical Appliances

Appliance Input Btu^. (Approx.)

Space Heating Units

Warm air furnace

Single family

100,000

Multifamily, per unit

60,000

Hydronic boiler

Single family

100,000

Multifamily, per unit

60,000

Space-and Water-Heating Units

Hydronic boiler

Single family

120,000

Multifamily, per unit

75,000

Water-Heating Appliances

Water heater, automatic

storage 30 to 40 gal. tank

35,000

Water heater, automatic

storage 50 gal. tank

50,000

Water heater, automatic instantaneous

Capacity at 2 gal. /minute

142,800

Capacity at 4 gal. /minute

285,000

Capacity at 6 gal. /minute

428,400

Water heater, domestic.

circulating or side-arm

35,000

Cooking Appliances

Range, freestanding.

domestic

65,000

Built-in oven or broiler unit.

domestic

25,000

Built-in top unit.

domestic

40,000

Other Appliances

Refrigerator

3,000

Clothes dryer. Type 1

(domestic)

35,000

Gas fireplace direct vent

40,000

Gas log

80,000

Barbecue

40,000

Gaslight

2,500

For SI units: 1 Bhi per hour = 0.293 W
[NFPA 54: Table 5.4.2.1]

1209.4.3 Sizing Methods. Gas piping shall be
sized in accordance with one of the following:
[NFPA 54: 5.4.3]

(1) Pipe sizing tables or sizing equations in this
chapter.

(2) Other approved engineering methods
acceptable to the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

(3) Sizing tables included in a listed piping
system manufacturer's installation
instructions.

1209.4.4 Allowable Pressure Drop. The design
pressure loss in any piping system under
maximum "probable flow conditions, from the
point of delivery to the inlet connection of the
gas utilization equipment, shall be such that the
supply pressure at the equipment is greater than
the minimum pressure required for proper
equipment operation. [NFPA 54: 5.4.4]

1209.5 Acceptable Piping Materials and Joining
Methods.

1209.5.1 General.

1209.5.1.1 Materials. Materials used for
piping systems shall comply with the
requirements of this chapter or shall be
acceptable to the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. [NFPA 54: 5.6.1.1]

1209.5.1.2 Used Materials. Pipe, fittings,
valves, or other materials shall not be used
again unless they are free of foreign materials
and have been ascertained to be adequate for
the service intended. [NFPA 54: 5.6.1.2]

1209.5.1.3 Other Materials. Material not
covered by the standards specifications listed
herein shall be investigated and tested to
determine that it is safe and suitable for the
proposed service and, in addition, shall be
recommended for that service by the
manufacturer and shall be acceptable to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 54: 5.6.1.3]

1209.5.2 Metallic Pipe.

1209.5.2.1 Cast-iron pipe shall not be used.
[NFPA 54: 5.6.2.1]

1209.5.2.2 Steel and wrought-iron pipe
shall be at least of standard weight
(Schedule 40) and shall comply with one of
the following standards: [NFPA 54: 5.6.2.2]

(1) ANSI/ASME B36.10, Welded and
Seamless Wrought-Steel Pipe

(2) ASTM A 53, Standard Specification
for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-
Coated Welded and Seamless

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1209.5

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(3) ASTM A 106, Standard Specification for
Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-
Temperature Service

1209.5.2.3 Copper and brass pipe shall riot be
used if the gas contains more than an average
of 0.3 grains of hydrogen sulfide per 100 scf of
gas (0.7 mg/100 L). [NFPA 54: 5.6.2.3]

Threaded copper, brass, or aluminum
alloy pipe shall not be used with gases
corrosive to such material. [NFPA 54: 5.6.2.4]

1209.5.2.4 Aluminum alloy pipe shall
comply with ASTM B 241, Specification for
Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless
Extruded Tube (except that the use of alloy
5456 is prohibited) and shall be marked at
each end of each length indicating
compliance. Aluminum alloy pipe shall be
coated to protect against external corrosion
where it is in contact with masonry, plaster, or
insulation or is subject to repeated wettings
by such liquids as water, detergents, or
sewage. [NFPA 54: 5.6.2.5] Aluminum alloy
pipe shall not be used in exterior locations or
underground. [NFPA 54: 5.6.2.6]

1209.5.3 Metallic Tubing. Seamless copper,
aluminum alloy, or steel tubing shall not be used
with gases corrosive to such material. [NFPA 54:
5.6.3]

1209.5.3.1 Steel tubing shall comply with
ASTM A 539, Standard Specification for
Electric Resistance-Welded Coiled Steel Tubing
for Gas and Fuel Oil Lines, or ASTM A 254,
Standard Specification for Copper Brazed Steel
Tubing. [NFPA 54: 5.6.3.1]

1209.5.3.2 Copper and brass tubing shall
not be used if the gas contains more than an
average of 0.3 g of hydrogen sulfide per 100
scf of gas (0.7 mg/100 L). Copper tubing
shall comply with standard Type K or L of
ASTM B 88, Specification for Seamless Copper
Water Tube, or ASTM B 280, Specification for
Seamless Copper Tube for Air-Conditioning and
Refrigeration Field Service. [NFPA 54: 5.6.3.2]

1209.5.3.3 Aluminum alloy tubing shall
comply with ASTM B 210, Specification for
Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes, or
ASTM B 241, Specification for Aluminum Alloy
Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube.
Aluminum alloy tubing shall be coated to
protect against external corrosion where it is
in contact with masonry, plaster, or
insulation or is subject to repeated wettings
by liquids such as water, detergent, or
sewage. Aluminum alloy tubing shall not be
used in exterior locations or underground.
[NFPA 54: 5.6.3.3]

1 209.5.3.4 Corrugated stainless steel tubing
shall be tested and listed in compliance with
the construction, installation, and performance
requirements of ANSI /IAS LC-1, Standard
for Fuel Gas Piping Systems Using Corrugated
Stainless Steel Tubing. [NFPA 54: 5.6.3.4]

1209.5.4 Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings.

Plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings shall be used
outside underground only and shall conform
with ASTM D 2513, Standard Specification for
Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and
Fittings. Pipe to be used shall be marked "gas"
and "ASTM D 2513." [NFPA 54: 5.6.4]

Anodeless risers shall comply with the
following: [NFPA 54: 5.6.4.1]

1209.5.4.1 Factory-assembled anodeless
risers shall be recommended by the
manufacturer for the gas used and shall be
leak-tested by the manufacturer in
accordance with written procedures. [NFPA
54: 5.6.4.1(1)]

1 209.5.4.2 Service head adapters and field-
assembled anodeless risers incorporating
service head adapters shall be
recommended by the manufacturer for the
gas used by the manufacturer and shall be
design-certified to meet the requirements of
Category I of ASTM F 1973, Factory
Assembled Anodeless Riser and Transition
Fitting on Polyethylene (PE) Fuel Gas
Distribution Systems and the code of Federal
Regulations, Title 49, Part 192.281(e). The
manufacturer shall provide the user with
qualified installation instructions as
prescribed by the code of Federal
Regulations, Title 49, Part 192.283(b). [NFPA
54: 5.6.4.1(2)]

1209.5.4.3 The use of plastic pipe, tubing,
and fittings in undiluted liquefied
petroleum gas-piping systems shall be in
accordance with NFPA 58, Liquefied
Petroleum Gas Code. [NFPA 54: 5.6.4.1(3)]

1209.5.5 Workmanship and Defects. Gas pipe
or tubing and fittings shall be clear and free from
cutting burrs and defects in structure or
threading, and shall be thoroughly brushed and
chip and scale blown. Defects in pipe, tubing,
and fittings shall not be repaired. Defective
pipe, tubing, and fittings shall be replaced.
[NFPA 54: 5.6.5]

1209.5.6 Protective Coating. Where in contact
with material or atmosphere exerting a corrosive
action, metallic piping and fittings coated with a

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1209.5

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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corrosion-resistant material shall be used.
External or internal coatings or linings used on
piping or components shall not be considered as
adding strength. [NFPA 54: 5.6.6]

1209.5.7 Metallic Pipe Threads.

(A) Specifications for Pipe Threads. Metallic
pipe and fitting threads shall be taper pipe
threads and shall comply with ANSI/ASME
Bl.20.1, Standard for Pipe Threads, General
Purpose (Inch). [MFPA 54: 5.6.7.1]

(B) Damaged Threads. Pipe with threads that
are stripped, chipped, corroded, or otherwise
damaged shall not be used. Where a weld
opens during the operation of cutting or
threading, that portion of the pipe shall not
be used. [NPPA 54: 5.6.7.2]

(C) Number of Threads. Field threading of
metallic pipe shall be in accordance with
Table 12-2. [NFPA 54: 5.6.7.3]

(D) Thread Compounds. Thread (joint)
compounds (pipe dope) shall be resistant to
the action of liquefied petroleum gas or to
any other chemical constituents of the gases
to be conducted through the piping.

TABLE 12-2
Specifications for Threading Metallic Pipe

Approximate Length

Approximate

Iron Pipe

of Threaded

No. of

Size (in.)

Portion (in.)

Threads to Be Cut

1/2

3/4

10

3/4

3/4

10

1

7/8

10

1-1/4

1

11

1-1/2

1

11

2

1

11

2-1/2

1-1/2

12

3

1-1/2

12

4

1-5/8

13

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm. [NFPA 54: 5.6.7.3]

1209.5.8 Metallic Piping Joints and Fittings.

The type of piping joint used shall be suitable for
the pressure-temperature conditions and shall
be selected giving consideration to joint
tightness and mechanical strength under the
service conditions. The joint shall be able to
sustain the maximum end force due to the
internal pressure and any additional forces due
to temperature expansion or contraction,
vibration, fatigue, or to the weight of the pipe
and its contents. [NFPA 54: 5.6.8]

1209.5.8.1 Pipe Joints. Pipe joints shall be
threaded, flanged, brazed, or welded.
Where nonferrous pipe is brazed, the
brazing materials shall have a melting point
in excess of 1,000°F (538°C). Brazing alloys
shall not contain more than 0.05 percent
phosphorus. [NFPA 54: 5.6.8.1]

1209.5.8.2 Tubing Joints. Tubing joints
shall either be made with approved gas
tubing fittings or be brazed with a material
having a melting point in excess of 1,000°F
(538°C). Brazing alloys shall not contain
more than 0.05 percent phosphorus. [NFPA
54:5.6.8.2]

1209.5.8.3 Flared Joints. Flared joints
shall be used only in systems constructed
from nonferrous pipe and tubing where
experience or tests have demonstrated that
the joint is suitable for the conditions and
where provisions are made in the design to
prevent separation of the joints. [NFPA 54:
5.6.8.3]

1209.5.8.4 Metallic Fittings (Including
Valves, Strainers, Filters). [NFPA 54:
5.6.8.4]

(1) Threaded fittings in sizes larger than 4
in. (100 mm) shall not be used unless
acceptable to the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

(2) Fittings used with steel or wrought-iron
pipe shall be steel, brass, bronze,
malleable iron, or cast iron.

(3) Fittings used with copper or brass pipe
shall be copper, brass, or bronze.

(4) Fittings used with aluminum alloy pipe
shall be of aluminum alloy.

(5) Cast-iron Fittings.

(a) Flanges shall be permitted.

(b) Bushings shall not be used.

(c) Fittings shall not be used in
systems containing flammable
gas-air mixtures.

(d) Fittings in sizes 4 inches (100 mm)
and larger shall not be used
indoors unless approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(e) Fittings in sizes 6 inches (150 mm)
and larger shall not be used
unless approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(6) Aluminum Alloy Fittings. Threads shall
not form the joint seal.

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154

FUEL PIPING

1209.5 -1209.6

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(7) Zinc-Aluminum Alloy Fittings. Fittings
shall not be used in systems containing
flammable gas-air n\ixtures.

(8) Special Fittings. Fittings such as
couplings; proprietary-type joints;
saddle tees; gland-type compression
fittings; and flared, flareless, or
compression-type tubing fittings
shall be (1) used within the fitting
manufacturers' pressure-temperature
recommendations; (2) used within the
service conditions anticipated with
respect to vibration, fatigue, thermal
expansion, or contraction; (3) installed
or braced to prevent separation of the
joint by gas pressure or external
physical damage; and (4) acceptable to
the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1209.5.9 Plastic Piping, Joints, and
Fittings.

Plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings shall be
joined in accordance with the manufacturers'
instructions. The following shall be observed
when making such joints: [NFPA 54: 5.6.9]

(A) The joint shall be designed and installed
so that the longitudinal puUout
resistance of the joint will be at least
equal to the tensile strength of the plastic
piping material. [NFPA 54: 5.6.9(1)]

(B) Heat-fusion joints shall be made in
accordance with qualified procedures that
have been established and proven by test
to produce gastight joints at least as
strong as the pipe or tubing being joined.
Joints shall be made with the joining
method recommended by the pipe
manufacturer. Heat-fusion fittings shall
be marked "ASTM D 2513." [NFPA 54:
5.6.9(2)1

(C) Where compression-type mechanical
joints are used, the gasket material in the
fitting shall be compatible with the
plastic piping and with the gas
distributed by the system. An internal
tubular rigid stiffener shall be used in
conjunction with the fitting. The stiffener
shall be flush with the end of the pipe or
tubing and shall extend at least to the
outside end of the pipe or tubing and
shall extend at least to the outside end of
the compression fitting when installed.
The stiffener shall be free of rough or
sharp edges and shall not be a forced fit

in the plastic. Split tubular stiffeners shall
not be used. [NFPA 54: 5.6.9(3)]

(D) Plastic piping joints and fittings for use
in liquefied petroleum gas-piping
systems shall be in accordance with
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, NFPA 58.
[NFPA 54: 5.6.9(4)]

1209.5.10 Flanges. AU flanges shall comply with
ANSI/ASME B16.1, Standard for Cast Iron Pipe
Flanges and Flanged Fittings; ANSI/ASME B16.20,
Standard for Ring-Joint Gaskets and Grooves for Steel
Pipe Flanges; or MSS SP-6, Standard Finishes for
Contact Faces of Pipe Flanges and Connecting-End
Flanges of Valves and Fittings. The pressure-
temperature ratings shall equal or exceed that
required by the application. [NFPA 54: 5.6.10]

(A) Flange Facings. Standard facings shaU be
permitted for use under this code. Where
150-psi (1,090 kPa) steel flanges are bolted to
Class 125 cast-iron flanges, the raised face
on the steel flange shall be removed. [NFPA
54:5.6.10.1]

(B) Lapped Flanges. Lapped flanges shall be used
only aboveground or in exposed locations
accessible for inspection. [NFPA 54: 5.6.10.2]

1209.5.11 Flange Gaskets. The material for
gaskets shall be capable of withstanding the
design temperature and pressure of the piping
system and the chemical constituents of the gas
being conducted without change to its chemical
and physical properties. The effects of fire
exposure to the joint shall be considered in
choosing the material. [NFPA 54: 5.6.11]

(1) Acceptable materials include the following:
[NFPA 54: 5.6.11.1]

(a) Metal or metal-jacketed asbestos (plain
or corrugated)

(b) Asbestos

(c) Aluminum "O" rings and spiral-wound
metal gaskets

(2) When a flanged joint is opened, the gasket
shall be replaced. [NFPA 54: 5.6.11.2]

(3) Full-face gaskets shall be used with all bronze

and cast-iron flanges. [NFPA 54: 5.6.11.3]

1209.6 Gas Meters.

1209.6.1 Capacity. Gas meters shall be selected
for the maximum expected pressure and
permissible pressure drop. [NFPA 54: 5.7.1]

1209.6.2 Location.

(A) Gas meters shall be located in ventilated
spaces readily accessible for examination,
reading, replacement, or necessary
maintenance. [NFPA 54: 5.7.2.1]

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155

1209.6-1209.7

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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(B) Gas meters shall not be placed where they
will be subjected to damage, such as
adjacent to a drive w^ay; under a fire escape;
in public passages, halls, or coal bins; or
where they will be subject to excessive
corrosion or vibration. [NFPA 54: 5.7.2.2]

(C) Gas meters shall be located at least 3 feet (0.9
m) from sources of ignition. [NFPA 54: 5.7.2.3]

(D) Gas meters shall not be located where they
will be subjected to extreme temperatures or
sudden extreme changes in temperature.
Meters shall not be located in areas where
they are subjected to temperatures beyond
those recommended by the manufacturer.
[NFPA 54: 5.7.2.4]

1209.6.3 Supports. Gas meters shall be
supported or connected to rigid piping so as not to
exert a strain on the meters. Where flexible
connectors are used to connect a gas meter to
downstream piping at mobile homes in mobile
home parks, the meter shall be supported by a
post or bracket placed in a firm footing or by other
means providing equivalent support. [NFPA 54:
5.7.3]

1209.6.4 Meter Protection. Meters shall be
protected against overpressure, back-pressure,
and vacuum where such conditions are
anticipated. [NFPA 54: 5.7.4]

1209.6.5 Identification. Gas piping at multiple
meter installations shall be marked by a metal
tag or other permanent means attached by the
installing agency, designating the building or
the part of the building being supplied. [NFPA
54:5.7.5]

1209.7 Gas Pressure Regulators.

1209.7.1 Where Required. A line gas pressure
regulator or gas equipment pressure regulator,
as applicable, shall be installed where the gas
supply pressure is higher than that at which the
branch supply line or gas utilization equipment
is designed to operate or varies beyond design
pressure liniits. [NFPA 54: 5.8.1]

1209.7.2 Listing. The line gas pressure regulator
shall be listed in accordance with ANSI Z21.80.
[NFPA 54: 5.8.2]

1209.7.3 Location. The gas pressure regulator
shall be accessible for servicing. [NFPA 54: 5.8.3]

1209.7.4 Regulator Protection. Pressure
regulators shall be protected against physical
damage. [NFPA 54: 5.8.4]

1209.7.5 Venting.

(A) Line Gas Pressure Regulators. [NFPA 54:
5.8.5.1]

(1) An independent vent to the outside of
the building, sized in accordance with
the regulator manufacturer's instructions,
shall be provided where the location of
a regulator is such that a ruptured
diaphragm will cause a hazard. Where
there is more than one regulator at a
location, each regulator shall have a
separate vent to the outside or, if
approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction, the vent lines shall be
permitted to be manifolded in
accordance with accepted engineering
practices to minimize back-pressure in
the event of diaphragm failure. [See
NFPA 54:5.9.7] for information on
properly locating the vent.) Materials
for vent piping shall be in accordance
with Section 1209.5.

Exception: A regulator and vent-
limiting means combination listed
as complying with ANSI Z21.80,
Standard for Line Pressure Regulators,
shaU be permitted to be used without
a vent to the outdoors.

(2) The vent shall be designed to prevent
the entry of water, insects, or other
foreign materials that could cause
blockage.

(3) At locations where regulators might be
submerged during floods, a special
antiflood-type breather vent fitting shall
be installed, or the vent line shall be
extended above the height of the
expected flood waters.

(4) A regulator shall not be vented to the
gas equipment flue or exhaust system.

(B) Gas Appliance Pressure Regulators.

Venting of Gas Appliance Pressure Regulators.
Venting of gas appliance pressure regulators shall
comply with the following requirements: [NFPA
54:9.1.19]

(1) Gas appliance pressure regulators requiring
access to the atmosphere for successful operation
shall be equipped with vent piping leading
outdoors or, if the regulator vent is, an integral
part of the equipment, into the combustion
chamber adjacent to a continuous pilot, unless
constructed or equipped with a vent-limiting
means to limit the escape of gas from the vent
opening in the event of diaphragm failure.

(2) Vent-limiting means shall be employed on listed
gas appliance pressure regulators only.

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156

FUEL PIPING

1209.7-1209.11

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(3) In the case of vents leading outdoors, means shall
be employed to prevent water from entering this
piping and also to prevent blockage of vents by
insects and foreign matter.

Under no circumstances shall a regulator be
vented to the gas utilization equipment flue or
exhaust system.

In the case of vents entering the combustion
chamber, the vent shall be located so the escaping
gas will be readily ignited by the pilot and the
heat liberated thereby will not adversely affect
the normal operation of the safety shutoff system.
The terminus of the vent shall be securely held in
a fixed position relative to the pilot. For
manufactured gas, the need for aflame arrester in
the vent piping shall be determined.

Vent lines from a gas appliance pressure
regulator and bleed lines from a diaphragm-type
valve shall not be connected to a common
manifold terminating in a combustion chamber.
Vent lines shall not terminate in positive-
pressure- type combustion chambers.

(C) Discharge of Vents [NFFA 54: 5.9.7]

(1) The discharge stacks, vents, or outlet parts of
all pressure-relieving and pressure-limiting
devices shall be located so that gas is safely
discharged into the outside atmosphere.

(2) Discharge stacks or vents shall be designed
to prevent the entry of water, insects, or any
other foreign material that could cause
blockage. The discharge stack or vent line
shall be at least the same size as the outlet of
the pressure-relieving device.

1209.7.6 Bypass Piping. Valved and regulated
bypasses shall be permitted to be placed around
gas line pressure regulators where continuity of
service is imperative. [MFPA54: 5.8.6]

1209.7.7 Identification. Line pressure regulators
at multiple regulator installations shall be
marked by a metal tag or other permanent
means designating the building or the part of the
building being supplied. [NFPA 54: 5.8.7]

1209.8 Back-Pressure Protection.

1209.8.1 Wtiere to Install. Protective devices
shall be installed as close to the utilization
equipment as practical, where the design of
utilization equipment connected is such that
air, oxygen, or standby gases could be forced
into the gas supply system. [NFPA 54: 5.10.1.1]
Gas and air combustion mixers incorporating
double diaphragm "zero" or "atmosphere"
governors or regulators shall require no further
protection unless connected directly to

compressed air or oxygen at pressures of 5 psi
(34 kPa) or more. [NFPA 54: 5.10.1.2]

1209.8.2 Protective Devices. Protective
devices shall include but not be limited to the
following: [NFPA 54: 5.10.2]

(1) Check valves

(2) Three-way valves (of the type that
completely closes one side before starting to
open the other side)

(3) Reverse flow indicators controlling positive
shutoff valves

(4) Normally closed air-actuated positive
shutoff pressure regulators

1209.9 Low-Pressure Protection.

A protective device shall be installed between the
meter and the gas utilization equipment if the
operation of the equipment (i.e., gas compressors) is
such that it could produce a vacuum or a dangerous
reduction in gas pressure at the meter. Such devices
include, but are not limited to, mechanical,
diaphragm-operated, or electrically operated low-
pressure shutoff valves. [NFPA 54: 5.11]

1209.10 Shutoff Valves. Shutoff valves shall be
approved and shall be selected giving consideration
to pressure drop, service involved, emergency use,
and reliability of operation. Shutoff valves of size 1
inch (25 mm) National Pipe Thread and smaller shall
be listed. [NFPA 54: 5.12]

1209.11 Expansion and Flexibility.

1209.11.1 Design. Piping systems shall be
designed to have sufficient flexibility to prevent
thermal expansion or contraction from causing
excessive stresses in the piping material,
excessive bending or loads at joints, or
undesirable forces or moments at points of
connections to equipment and at anchorage or
guide points. Formal calculations or model tests
shall be required only where reasonable doubt
exists as to the adequate flexibility of the
system. [NFPA 54: 5.13.1]

Flexibility shall be provided by the use of
bends, loops, offsets, or couplings of the slip
type. Provision shall be made to absorb thermal
changes by the use of expansiori joints of the
bellows type, or by the use of "ball" or "swivel"
joints. Expansion joints of the slip type shall not
be used inside buildings or for thermal
expansion. Where expansion joints are used,
anchors or ties of sufficient strength and rigidity
shall be installed to provide for end forces due to
fluid pressure and other causes. [NFPA 54: 5.13.1.1]

Pipe alignment guides shall be used with
expansion joints according to the recommended
practice of the joint manufacturer. [NFPA 54:
5.13.1.2]

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1209.11 -1211.1

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1209.11.2 Special Local Conditions. Where
local conditions include earthquake, tornado,
unstable ground, or flood hazards, special
consideration shall be given to increased
strength and flexibility of piping supports and
connections. [NFPA 54: 5.13.2]

1210.0 Excess Flow Valve. When automatic excess
flow gas shutoff devices (valves) are used, they shall
be listed and approved and shall be sized for the
maximum flow anticipated for the main or branch of
the fuel gas system in which the excess flow valve is
installed.

1211.0 Gas Piping Installation.

1211.1 Piping Underground.

1 21 1 .1 .1 Clearances. Undergroimd gas piping
shall be installed with sufficient clearance from
any other underground structure to avoid
contact therewith, to allow maintenance, and to
protect against damage from proximity to other
structures. In addition, underground plastic
piping shall be installed with sufficient clearance
or shall be insulated from any source of heat so
as to prevent the heat from impairing the
serviceability of the pipe. [JNJFPA 54: 7.1.1]

1211.1.2 Protection Against Damage.

(A) Cover Requirements. Underground piping
systems shall be installed with a minimum
of 18 inches (460 mm) of cover. Where external
damage to the pipe is not likely to result, the
minimum cover shall be 12 inches (300 mm).
Where a minimumi of 12 inches (300 mm) of
cover cannot be provided, the pipe shall be
installed in conduit or bridged (shielded).
[NFPA 54: 7.1.2.1]

(B) Trenches. The trench shall be graded so
that the pipe has a firm, substantially
continuous bearing on the bottom of the
trench. [NFPA 54: 7.1.2.2]

(C) Backfilling. Where flooding of the trench is
done to consolidate the backfill, care shall be
exercised to see that the pipe is not floated
from its firm bearing on the trench bottom.
[NFPA 54: 7.1.2.3]

1211.1.3 Protection Against Corrosion. Gas

piping in contact with earth or other material
that could corrode the piping shall be protected
against corrosion in an approved manner. When
dissimilar metals are joined underground, an
insulating coupling or fitting shall be used.
Piping shall not be laid in contact with cinders.
Uncoated threaded or socket- welded joints shall

not be used in piping in contact with soil or
where internal or external crevice corrosion is
known to occur. [NFPA 54: 7.1.3]

1211.1.4 Protection Against Freezing. Where
the formation of hydrates or ice is known to
occur, piping shall be protected against freezing.
[NFPA 54: 7.1.4]

1211.1.5 Piping Through Foundation Wall.

Underground piping, w^here installed through
the outer foundation or basement wall of a
building, shall be encased in a protective pipe.
The space between the gas piping and the
building shall be sealed to prevent entry of gas
or water. [NFPA 54: 7.1.5]

1211.1.6 Piping Underground Beneath
Buildings. Where the installation of gas piping
underground beneath buildings is unavoidable,
the piping shall be encased in an approved
conduit designed to withstand the superimposed
loads. [NFPA 54: 7.1.6] The conduit shall extend
into a normally usable and accessible portion of
the building and, at the point where the conduit
terminates in the building, the space between the
conduit and the gas piping shall be sealed to
prevent the possible entrance of any gas leakage.
Where the end sealing is of a type that will retain
the full pressure of the pipe, the conduit shall be
designed for the same pressure as the pipe. The
conduit shall extend at least 4 inches (100 mm)
outside the building, be vented above grade to
the outside, and be installed so as to prevent the
entrance of water and insects. [NFPA 54: 7.1.6.1]

1211.1.7 Plastic Pipe.

(A) Connection of Plastic Piping. Plastic
pipe shall be installed outside, iinderground
only. [NFPA 54: 7.1.7.1]

Exception No. 1: Plastic pipe shall be
permitted to terminate aboveground
where an anodeless riser is used.

Exception No. 2: Plastic pipe shall be
permitted to terminate with a wall head
adapter aboveground in buildings,
including basements, where the plastic
pipe is inserted in a piping material
permitted for use in buildings.

(B) Connections made outside and
underground between metallic and plastic
piping shall be made only with ASTM D
2513, Standard Specification for Thermoplastic
Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings,
Category I transition fittings. [NFPA 54: 7.1.7.2]

(C) An electrically continuous corrosion-
resistant tracer wire (minimum AWG 14) or
tape shall be buried with the plastic
pipe to facilitate locating. One end shall be

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158

FUEL PIPING

1211.1 -1211.3

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brought aboveground at a building wall or
riser. [NFPA 54: 7.1.7.3]

1211.2 Installation of Piping.

1211.2.1 Piping installed aboveground shall be
securely supported and located where it will be
protected from physical damage (also see
1211.1.4). Where passing through an outside
wall, the piping shall also be protected against
corrosion by coating or wrapping with an inert
material approved for such applications. Where
piping is encased in a protective pipe sleeve, the
annular space between the gas piping and the
sleeve shall be sealed at the wall to prevent the
entry of water, insects, or rodents. [NFPA 54: 7.2.1]

1211.2.2 Building Structure.

(1) The installation of gas piping shall not cause
structural stresses within building components
to exceed allowable design limits. [NFPA
54: 7.2.2.1]

(2) Approval shall be obtained before any
beams or joists are cut or notched. [NFPA 54:
7.2.2.2] Permission shall be obtained from the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1211.2.3 Other than Dry Gas. Drips, sloping,
protection from freezing, and branch pipe
cormections, as provided for in Section 1211.1.4,
1211.6.1, and Section 1211.8, shall be provided
when other than dry gas is distributed and
climactic conditions make such provisions
necessary. [NFPA 54: 7.2.3]

1211.2.4 Gas Piping to be Sloped. Piping for
other than dry gas conditions shall be sloped not
less than 1/4 inch in 15 feet (8 mm in 4572 mm)
to prevent traps. [NFPA 54: 7.2.4]

1211.2.4.1 Ceiling Locations. Gas piping
shall be permitted to be installed in
accessible spaces between a fixed ceiling and
a dropped ceiling, whether or not such
spaces are used as a plenum. Valves shall
not be located in such spaces.

Exception: Equipment shutoff valves
required by this code shall be permitted
to be installed in accessible spaces
containing vented gas utilization
equipment.

1211.2.5 Prohibited Locations. Gas piping
inside any building shall not be installed in or
through a circulating air duct, clothes chute,
chimney or gas vent, ventilating duct,
dumbwaiter, or elevator shaft. This provision
shall not apply to ducts used to provide
combustion and ventilation air in accordance
with Section 507.0 or to above-ceiling spaces as
covered in Section 1211.2.4.1.

1211.2.6 Hangers, Supports, and Anchors.

(A) Piping shall be supported with pipe hooks.

metal pipe straps, bands, brackets, or
hangers suitable for the size of piping; be of
adequate strength and quality; and located
at intervals so as to prevent or damp out
excessive vibration. Piping shall be
anchored to prevent undue strains on
connected equipment and shall not be
supported by other piping. Pipe hangers
and supports shall conform to the
requirements of ANSI/MSS SP-58, Pipe
Hangers and Supports - Materials, Design and
Manufacture. [NFPA 54: 7.2.6.1]

(B) Spacings of supports in gas-piping
installations shall not be greater than shown
in Table 12-3. Spacing of supports for CSST
shall be in accordance with the CSST
manufacturer's instruction. [NFPA 54: 7.2.6.2]

(C) Supports, hangers, and anchors shall be
installed so as not to interfere with the free
expansion and contraction of the piping
between anchors. All parts of the supporting
equipment shall be designed and installed
so they will not be disengaged by
movement of the supported piping.
[NFPA 54: 7.2.6.3]

TABLE 12-3
Support of Piping

steel Pipe, Spacing of Nominal Size of Spacing of

Nominal Size Supports Tubing Supports

of Pipe (ft.) Smooth-wall (ft.)

(in.) (In. O.D.)

1/2

6

1/2

4

3/4 or 1

8

5/8 or 3/4

6

1-1/4 or larger

10

7/8 or 1

8

(horizontal)

(horizontal)

1-1/4 or larger

every floor

1 or larger

every floor

(vertical)

level

(vertical)

level

For SI units: 1 ft. - 0.305 m. [NFPA 54: Table 7.2.6.2]

1211.2.7 Removal of Pipe. Where piping
containing gas is to be removed, the line shall
be first disconnected from all sources of gas
and then thoroughly purged with air, water,
or inert gas before any cutting or welding is
done. (See Section 1214.6.) [NFPA 54: 7.2.7]

1211.3 Concealed Piping in Buildings.

1211.3.1 General. Gas piping in concealed
locations shall be installed in accordance with
this section. [NFPA 54: 7.3.1]

1211.3.2 Connections. Where gas piping is to
be concealed, unions, tubing fittings, right and

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1211.3-1211.5

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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left couplings, bushings, swing joints, and
compression couplings made by combinations of
fittings shall not be used. Connections shall be of
the following type: [NFPA 54: 7.3.2]

(1) Pipe fittings such as elbows, tees, and
couplings.

(2) Joining tubing by brazing (see Section 1209.5.8.2).

(3) Fittings listed for use in concealed spaces
that have been demonstrated to sustain,
without leakage, any forces due to
temperature expansion or contraction,
vibration, or fatigue based on their
geographic location, application, or operation.

(4) Where necessary to insert fittings in gas pipe
that has been installed in a concealed
location, the pipe shall be reconnected by
welding, flanges, or the use of a ground joint
union with the nut center-punched to
prevent loosening by vibration.

1211.3.3 Piping in Partitions. Concealed gas
piping shall not be located in solid partitions.
[NFPA 54: 7.3.3]

1211.3.4 Tubing in Partitions. This provision
shall not apply to tubing that pierces walls,
floors, or partitions or to tubing installed
vertically and horizontally inside hollow walls or
partitions without protection along its entire
concealed length where both of the following
requirements are met: [NFPA 54: 7.3.4]

(1) A steel striker barrier not less than 0.0508
inches (1.3 mm) thick, or equivalent, is
installed between the tubing and the
finished wall and extends at least 4 inches
(100 mm)beyond concealed penetrations of
plates, fire stops, w^all studs, and so on.

(2) The tubing is installed in single runs and is
not rigidly secured.

1211.3.5 Piping in Floors. In industrial
occupancies, gas piping in solid floors such as
concrete shall be laid in channels in the floor and
covered to permit access to the piping with a
minimum of damage to the building. Where
piping in floor channels could be exposed to
excessive moisture or corrosive substances, the
piping shall be protected in an approved
manner. [NFPA 54: 7.3.5.1]

Exception: In other than industrial occupancies
and where approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction, gas piping embedded in concrete
floor slabs constructed with portland cement
shall be surrounded with a minimum of 1-1/2
inches (38 mm) of concrete and shall not be in
physical contact with other metallic structures
such as reinforcing rods or electrically neutral
conductors. All piping, fittings, and risers shall

be protected against corrosion in accordance
with Section 1209.5.6. Piping shall not be
embedded in concrete slabs containing quick-set
additives or cinder aggregate. [NFPA 54: 7.3.5.2]

1211.4 Piping in Vertical Chases. (See Section
1202.0.) Where gas piping exceeding 5 psi (34 kPa) is
located within vertical chases in accordance with
Section 1211.5, the requirements of Sections 1211.5.1
through 1211.5.3 shall apply. [NFPA 54: 7.4]

1211.5 Maximum Design Operating Pressure. The

maximum design operating pressure for piping
systems located inside buildings shall not exceed 5
psi (34 kPa) unless one or more of the following
conditions are met: [NFPA 54: 5.5.1]

(1) The piping system is welded.

(2) The piping is located in a ventilated chase or
otherwise enclosed for protection against
accidental gas accumulation.

(3) The piping is located inside buildings or
separate areas of buildings used exclusively
for one of the following:

(a) Industrial processing or heating

(b) Research

(c) Warehousing

(d) Boiler or mechanical equipment rooms

(4) The piping is a temporary installation for
buildings under construction.

1211.5.1 Pressure Reduction. (See Section
1202.0.) Where pressure reduction is required in
branch connections for compliance with Section
1211.5, such reduction shall take place either
inside the chase or immediately adjacent to the
outside wall of the chase. Regulator venting and
downstream overpressure protection shall comply
with Section 1209.7.4 and NFPA Section 5.9. The
regulator shall be accessible for service and repair
and vented in accordance with one of the
following: [NFPA 54: 7.4.1]

(1) Where the fuel gas is lighter than air,
regulators equipped with a vent-limiting
means shall be permitted to be vented into
the chase. Regulators not equipped with a
vent-limiting means shall be permitted to be
vented either directly to the outdoors or to a
point within the top 1 foot (0.3m) of the chase.

(2) Where the fuel gas is heavier than air, the
regulator vent shall be vented only directly
to the outdoors.

1211.5.2 Construction. Chase construction
shall comply with local building codes with
respect to fire resistance and protection of
horizontal and vertical openings. [NFPA 54:
7.4.2]

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160

FUEL PIPING

1211.5-1211.8

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1211.5.3 Ventilation. A chase shall be
ventilated to the outdoors and only at the top.
The openings shall have a minimum free area (in
square inches) equal to the product of one-half
of the maximum pressure in the piping (in psi)
times the largest nominal diameter of that piping
(in inches), or the cross-sectional area of the
chase, whichever is smaller. Where more than
one fuel gas piping system is present, the free
area for each system shall be calculated and the
largest area used. [NFPA 54: 7.4.3]

121 1 .6 Gas Pipe Turns. Changes in direction of gas
pipe shall be made by the use of fittings, or factory
bends. [NFPA 54: 7.5]

1211.6.1 l\/letallic Pipe. Metallic pipe bends
shall comply with the following: [NFPA 54:
7.5.1]

(1) Bends shall be made only with bending
equipment and procedures intended for that
purpose.

(2) All bends shall be smooth and free from
buckling, cracks, or other evidence of
mechanical damage.

(3) The longitudinal weld of the pipe shall be
near the neutral axis of the bend.

(4) The pipe shall not be bent through an arc of
more than 90 degrees.

(5) The inside radius of a bend shall be not less
than six times the outside diameter of the
pipe.

1211.6.2 Plastic Pipe. Plastic pipe bends shall
comply with the following: [NFPA 54: 7.5.2]

(1) The pipe shall not be damaged, and the
internal diameter of the pipe shall not be
effectively reduced.

(2) Joints shall not be located in pipe bends.

(3) The radius of the inner curve of such bends
shall not be less than 25 times the inside
diameter of the pipe.

(4) Where the piping manufacturer specifies the
use of special bending equipment or
procedures, such equipment or procedures
shall be used.

1211.6.3 Elbows. Factory-made welding
elbows or transverse segments cut therefrom
shall have an arc length measured along the
crotch of at least 1 inch (25 mm) for pipe sizes 2
inches and larger. [NFPA 54: 7.5.3]

1211.7 Drips and Sediment Traps.

1211.7.1 Provide Drips Where Necessary. For

other than dry gas conditions, a drip shall be
provided at any point in the line of pipe where

condensate could collect. Where required by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction or the serving gas
supplier, a drip shall also be provided at the
outlet of the meter. This drip shall be so installed
as to constitute a trap wherein an accumulation
of condensate will shut off the flow of gas before
it will run back into the meter. [NFPA 54: 7.6.1]

1211.7.2 Location of Drips. All drips shall be
installed only in such locations that they will be
readily accessible to permit cleaning or
emptying. A drip shall not be located where the
condensate is likely to freeze. [NFPA 54: 7.6.2]

1 21 1 .7.3 Sediment Traps. (See Section 1 21 2.7.)
1211.8 Outlets.

1211.8.1 Location and Installation.

(1) The outlet fittings or piping shall be securely
fastened in place. [NFPA 54: 7.7.1.1]

(2) Outlets shall not be located behind doors.
[NFPA 54: 7.7.1.2]

(3) Outlets shall be located far enough from
floors, walls, patios, slabs, and ceilings to
permit the use of wrenches without
straining, bending, or damaging the piping.
[NFPA 54: 7.7.1.3]

(4) The unthreaded portion of gas piping
outlets shall extend not less than 1 in. (25
mm) through finished ceilings or indoor or
outdoor walls. [NFPA 54: 7.7.1.4]

(5) The unthreaded portion of gas-piping
outlets shall extend not less than 2 inches (50
mm) above the surface of floors or outdoor
patios or slabs. [NFPA 54: 7.7.1.5]

(6) The provisions of Sections 1211.7.1 (4) and (5)
shall not apply to listed quick-disconnect
devices of the flush-mounted type or listed
gas convenience outlets. Such devices shall
be installed in accordance with the manu-
facturers' installation instructions. [NFPA
54: 7.7.1.6]

1211.8.2 Cap All Outlets.

(A) Each outlet, including a valve, shall be
closed gastight with a threaded plug or cap
immediately after installation and shall be
left closed until the gas utilization
equipment is connected thereto. When
equipment is disconnected from an outlet
and the outlet is not to be used again
immediately, it shall be closed gastight.
[NFPA 54: 7.7.2.1]

Exception No. 1: Laboratory equipment
installed in accordance with 1212.2(A)
shall be permitted.

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161

1211.8-1211.13

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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Exception No. 2: The use of a listed
quick-disconnect device with integral
shutoff or listed gas convenience outlet
shall be permitted.

(B) Equipment shutoff valves installed in
fireplaces shall be removed and the piping
capped gastight where the fireplace is used
for solid-fuel burning. [NFPA 54: 7.7.2.2]

1211.9 Branch Pipe Connection. When a branch
outlet is placed on a main supply line before it is
known what size pipe will be connected to it, the
outlet shall be of the same size as the line that
supplies it. [NFPA 54: 7.8]

1211.10 i\/lanual Gas Shutoff Valves. (Also see
Section 1212.4.)

1211.10.1 Valves at Regulators. An accessible
gas shutoff valve shall be provided upstream of
each gas pressure regulator. Where two gas
pressure regulators are installed in series in a
single gas line, a manual valve shall not be
required at the second regulator. [NFPA 54: 7.9.1]

1211.10.2 Valves Controlling Multiple
Systems.

(A) Accessibility of Gas Valves. Main gas
shutoff valves controlling several gas piping
systems shall be readily accessible for
operation and installed so as to be protected
from physical damage. They shall be
marked with a metal tag or other permanent
means attached by the installing agency so
that the gas piping systems supplied
through them can be readily identified.
[NFPA 54: 7.9.2.1]

(B) Shutoff Valves for Multiple House Lines.

In multiple-tenant buildings supplied
through a master meter, or through one
service regulator where a meter is not
provided, or where meters or service
regulators are not readily accessible from
the equipment location, an individual
shutoff valve for each apartment or tenant
line shall be provided at a convenient point
of general accessibility.

In a common system serving a number
of individual buildings, shutoff valves shall
be installed at each building. [NFPA 54:
7.9.2.2]

1211.10.3 Emergency Shutoff Valves. An

exterior shutoff valve to permit turning off the
gas supply to each building in an emergency
shall be provided. The emergency shutoff valves
shall be plainly marked as such and their
locations posted as required by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 54: 7.9.2.3]

1211.11 Prohibited Devices. No device shall be
placed inside the gas piping or fittings that will
reduce the cross-sectional area or otherwise obstruct-
the free flow of gas, except where proper allowance
in the piping system design has been made for such
a device and where approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 54: 7.10]

1211.12 Systems Containing Gas-Air Mixtures
Outside the Flammable Range. Where gas-air
mixing machines are employed to produce mixtures
above or below the flammable range, they shall be
provided with stops to prevent adjustment of the
mixture to within or approaching the flammable range.
[NFPA 54: 7.11]

1211.13 Systems Containing Flammable Gas-Air
Mixtures.

1211.13.1 Required Components. A central
premix system with a flammable mixture in the
blower or compressor shall consist of the
following components: [NFPA 54: 7.12.1]

(1) Gas-mixing machine in the form of an
automatic gas-air proportioning device
combined with a downstream blower or
compressor.

(2) Flammable mixture piping, minimum
Schedule 40 NFS.

(3) Automatic firechecks.

(4) Safety blowouts or backfire preventers for
systems utilizing flammable mixture lines
above 2-1/2 inch (65 mtn) nominal pipe size
or the equivalent.

1211.13.2 Optional Components.

The following components shall also be
permitted to be utilized in any type of central
premix system: [NFPA 54: 7.12.2]

(1) Flowmeters.

(2) Flame arresters.

1211.13.3 Additional Requirements. Gas-
mixing machines shall have nonsparking
blowers and shall be so constructed that a
flashback will not rupture machine casings.
[NFPA 54: 7.12.3]

1211.13.4 Special Requirements for Mixing
Blowers. A mixing blower system shall be
limited to applications with minimum practical
lengths of mixture piping. Limited to a maximum
mixture pressure of 10 inch water column (25 Pa)
and limited to gases containing no more than 10
percent hydrogen.

The blower shall be equipped with a gas-
control valve at its air entrance so arranged that
gas is admitted to the airstream; entering the

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162

FUEL PIPING

1211.13-1211.14

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blower in proper proportions for correct
combustion by the type of burners employed,
the said gas-control valve being of either the
zero governor or mechanical ratio valve type
that controls the gas and air adjustment
simultaneously. No valves or other obstructions
shall be installed between the blower discharge
and the burner or burners. [NFPA 54: 7.12.4]

1211.13.5 Installation of Gas-Mixing
Machines.

(A) The machine shall be located in a large,
well-ventilated area or in a small detached
building or cutoff room provided with room
construction and explosion vents in
accordance with sound engineering
principles. Such rooms or below-grade
installations shall have adequate positive
ventilation. [NFPA 54: 7.12.5.1]

(B) Where gas-mixing machines are installed in
well-ventilated areas, the type of electrical
equipment shall be in accordance with
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®, for
general service conditions, unless other
hazards in the area prevail. Where gas-
mixing machines are installed in small
detached buildings or cutoff rooms, the
electrical equipment and wiring shall be
installed in accordance with NFPA 70,
National Electrical Code, for hazardous
locations (Articles 500 and 501, Class I,
Division 2). [NFPA 54: 7.12.5.2]

(C) Air intakes for gas-mixing machines using
compressors or blowers shall be taken from
outdoors whenever practical. [NFPA 54:
7.12.5.3]

(D) Controls for gas-mixing machines shall
include interlocks and a safety shutoff valve
of the manual reset type in the gas supply
connection to each machine arranged to
automatically shut off the gas supply in the
event of high or low gas pressure. Except for
open burner installations only, the controls
shall be interlocked so that the blower or
compressor will stop operating following a
gas supply failure. Where a system employs
pressurized air, means shall be provided to
shut off the gas supply in the event of air
failure. [NFPA 54: 7.12.5.4]

(E) Centrifugal gas-mixing machines in parallel
shall be reviewed by the user and
equipment manufacturer before installation,
and means or plans for minimizing these
effects of downstream pulsation and
equipment overload shall be prepared and
utilized as needed. [NFPA 54: 7.12.5.5]

1211.13.6 Use of Automatic Firechecks,
Safety Blowouts, or Backfire Preventers.

Automatic firechecks and safety blowouts or
backfire preventers shall be provided in piping
systems distributing flammable air-gas mixtures
from gas-mixing machines to p>rotect the piping
and the machines in the event of flashback, in
accordance with the following: [NFPA 54: 7.12.6]

(A) Approved automatic firechecks shall be
installed upstream as close as practicable to
the burner inlets following the firecheck
manufacturers' instructions.

(B) A separate manually operated gas valve
shall be provided at each automatic
firecheck for shutting off the flow of gas-air
mixture through the firecheck after a
flashback has occurred. The valve shall be
located upstream as close as practical to the
inlet of the automatic firecheck.

CAUTION:

These valves shall not be reopened after a flashback
has occurred until the firecheck has cooled
sufficiently to prevent reignition of the flammable
mixture and has been reset properly.

(C) A safety blowout or backfiring preventer
shall be provided in the mixture line near the
outlet of each gas-mixing machine where the
size of the piping is larger than 2-1/2 inch
(65 mm) NPS, or equivalent, to protect the
mixing equipment in the event of an
explosion passing through an automatic
firecheck. The manufacturers' instructions
shall be followed when installing these
devices, particularly after a disc has burst.

The discharge from the safety blowout
or backfire preventer shall be located or
shielded so that particles from the ruptured
disc cannot be directed toward personnel.
Wherever there are interconnected
installations of gas-mixing machines with
safety blowouts or backfire preventers,
provision shall be made to keep the mixture
from other machines from reaching any
ruptured disc opening. Check valves shall
not be used for this purpose.

(D) Large-capacity premix systems provided
with explosion heads (rupture disc) to
relieve excessive pressure in pipelines shall
be located at and vented to a safe outdoor
location. Provisions shall be provided for
automatically shutting off the supply of gas-
air mixture in the event of rupture.

1211.14 Electrical Bonding and Grounding.

(A) Each aboveground portion of a gas piping
system that is likely to become energized

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163

1211.14-1212.3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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shall be electrically continuous and bonded
to an effective ground-fault current path.
Gas piping shall be considered to be bonded
when it is connected to gas utilization
equipment that is connected to the equip-
ment grounding conductor of the circuit
supplying that equipment. [NFPA 54: 7.13.1]

(B) Gas piping shall not be used as a grounding
conductor or electrode. [NFPA 54: 7.13.2]

1211.15 Electrical Circuits. Electrical circuits shall
not utilize gas piping or components as conductors.
[NFPA 54: 7.14]

Exception: Low-voltage (50 V or less) control
circuits, ignition circuits, and electronic flame
detection device circuits shall be permitted to
make use of piping or components as a part of
an electric circuit.

1211.16 Electrical Connections.

(A) All electrical connections between wiring
and electrically operated control devices in
a piping system shall conform to the
requirements of NFPA 70, National
Electrical Code. (See Section 1211.13.)
[NFPA 54: 7.15.1]

(B) Any essential safety control depending on
electric current as the operating medium
shall be of a type that will shut off (fail safe)
the flow of gas in the event of current
failure. [NFPA 54: 7.15.2]

1212.0 Equipment Connections to Building
Piping.

1212.1 Connecting Gas Equipment. Gas utilization
equipment shall be connected to the building piping
in compliance with Sections 1212.4 and 1212.5 by
one of the following: [NFPA 54: 9.6.1]

(1) Rigid metallic pipe and fittings.

(2) Semirigid metallic tubing and metallic
fittings. Aluminum alloy tubing shall not be
used in exterior locations.

(3) Listed flexible gas connectors in compliance
with ANSI Z21.24, Standard for Connectors for
Gas Appliances. The connector shall be used
in accordance with the terms of their listing
that are completely in the same room as the
equipment.

(4) CSST where installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.

(5) Listed nonmetallic gas hose connectors in
accordance with 1212.2.

(6) Gas-fired food service (commercial cooking)
equipment listed for use with casters or
otherwise subject to movement for cleaning,
and other large and heavy gas utilization

equipment that can be moved, shall be
connected in accordance with the connector
manufacturer's installation instructions
using a listed appliance connector
complying with ANSI Z21.69, Standard for
Connectors for Movable Gas Appliances.
[NFPA 54: 9.6.1.1]

(7) In 1212.1(2), (3), and (5), the connector or
tubing shall be installed so as to be
protected against physical and thermal
damage. Aluminum alloy tubing and
connectors shall be coated to protect against
external corrosion where they are in contact
with masonry, plaster, or insulation or are
subject to repeated wettings by such liquids
as water (except rain water), detergents, or
sewage.

1212.2 Use of Nonmetallic Gas Hose Connectors.

Listed nonmetallic gas hose connectors shall be used
in accordance with the terms of their listing and as
follows: [NFPA 54: 9.6.2]

(A) indoor. Indoor gas hose connectors shall be
used only to connect laboratory, shop, and
ironing equipment requiring mobility
during operation. An equipment shutoff
valve shall be installed where the comiector
is attached to the building piping. The
connector shall be of minimum length and
shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm). The cormector
shall not be concealed and shall not extend
from one room to another or pass through
wall partitions, ceilings, or floors.

(B) Outdoor. Outdoor gas hose connectors are
permitted to connect portable outdoor gas-
fired equipment. An equipment shutoff
valve, a listed quick-disconnect device, or
a listed gas convenience outlet shall be
installed where the cormector is attached to
the supply piping and in such a manner to
prevent the accumulation of water or
foreign matter. This connection shall be
made only in the outdoor area where the
equipment is to be used. The connector
length shall not exceed 15 feet (4572 mm).

1212.3 Connection of Portable and Mobile
Industrial Gas Equipment.

(A) Where portable industrial gas utilization
equipment, or equipment requiring mobility
or subject to vibration, is connected to the
building gas piping system by the use of a
flexible hose, the hose shall be suitable and
safe for the conditions under which it can be
used. [NFPA 54: 9.6.3.1]

(B) Where industrial gas utilization equipment
requiring mobility is connected to the rigid
piping by the use of swivel joints or

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164

FUEL PIPING

1212.3-1214.1

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couplings, the swivel joints or couplings
shall be suitable for the service required,
and only the minimum number required
shall be installed. [NFPA 54: 9.6.3.2]

(C) Where industrial gas utilization equipment
subject to vibration is connected to the
building piping system by the use of all-
metal flexible connectors, the connectors
shall be suitable for the service required.
[NFPA 54: 9.6.3.3]

(D) Where flexible connections are used, they
shall be of the minimum practical length
and shall not extend from one room to
another or pass through any walls,
partitions, ceilings, or floors. Flexible
connections shall not be used in any
concealed location. They shall be protected
against physical or thermal damage and
shall be provided with gas shutoff valves in
readily accessible locations in rigid piping
upstream from the flexible connections.
[NFPA 54: 9.6.3.4]

1212.4 Equipment Shutoff Valves and Connections.

Gas utilization equipment connected to a piping
system shall have an accessible, approved manual
shutoff valve with a nondisplaceable valve member,
or a listed gas convenience outlet [NFPA 54: 9.6.4],
installed within 6 feet (1.8 m) of the equipment it
serves. Where a connector is used, the valve shall be
installed upstream of the connector. A union or
flanged connection shall be provided downstream
from this valve to permit removal of controls.
Shutoff valves serving decorative gas appliances
shall be permitted to be installed in fireplaces if
listed for such use. [NFPA 54: 9.6.4.1]

Gas supply inlet

A

To

equipment -
inlet

"O.

Niji^le-

Cap-

D-

T

3 in. (80 mm)
minimum

i.

Figure 12-1 J\Aethod of Installing a Tee Fitting
Sediment Trap.

1212.5 Quick-Disconnect Devices. Quick-disconnect
devices used to connect equipment to the building
piping shall be listed. [NFPA 54: 9.6.5.1] Where they
are installed indoors, an approved manual shutoff

valve with a nondisplaceable valve member shall be
installed upstream of the quick-disconnect device.
[NFPA 54: 9.6.5.2]

1212.6 Support of Chimneys. Ail portions of
chimneys shall be supported for the design and weight
of the materials employed. Listed factory-built
chimneys shall be supported and spaced in accordance
with their listings and the manufacturers' instructions.

1212.7 Sediment Trap, Where a sediment trap is
not incorporated as a part of the gas utilization
equipment, a sediment trap shall be installed as close
to the inlet of the equipment as practical at the time
of equipment installation. The sediment trap shall be
either a tee fitting with a capped nipple in the bottom
outlet, as illustrated in Figure 12-1, or oth^r device
recognized as an effective sediment trap. Illuminating
appliances, ranges, clothes dryers, decorative vented
appliances for installation in vented fireplaces, gas
fireplaces, and outdoor grills shall not be required to
be so equipped. [NFPA 54: 9.6.7]

1212.8 Installation of Piping. Piping shall be
installed in a maimer not to interfere with inspection,
maintenance, or servicing of the gas utilization
equipment. [NFPA 54: 9.6.8]

1213.0 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Facilities and
Piping.

Liquefied petroleum gas facilities shall comply with
NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code.

1214.0 Pressure Testing and Inspection.

1214.1 General.

1214.1 .1 Prior to acceptance and initial operation,
all piping installations shall be inspected and
pressure-tested to determine that the materials,
design, fabrication, and installation practices
comply with the requirements of this code.
[NFPA 54: 8.1.1.1]

1214.1.2 Inspection shall consist of visual
examination during or after manufacture,
fabrication, assembly, or pressure tests, as
appropriate. Supplementary types of non-
destructive inspection techniques, such as
magnetic-particle, radiographic, and ultrasonic,
shall not be required unless specifically listed
herein or in the engineering design. [NFPA 54:
8.1.1.2]

1214.1.3 Where repairs or additions are made
following the pressure test, the affected piping
shall be tested. Minor repairs and additions are
not required to be pressure-tested provided that
the work is inspected and connections are tested
with a noncorrosive leak-detecting fluid or other
leak-detecting methods approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 54: 8.1.1.3]

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165

1214.1 -1214.4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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1214.1.4 Where new branches are installed from
the point of delivery to new appliances, orJy the
newly installed branches shall be required to be
pressure-tested. Connections between the new
piping and the existing piping shall be tested
with a noncorrosive leak-detecting fluid or
approved leak-detecting methods. [NFPA 54:
8.1.1.4]

1214.1.5 A piping system shall be tested as a
complete unit or in sections. Under no circum-
stances shall a valve in a line be used as a
bulkhead between gas in one section of the
piping system and test medium in an adjacent
section, unless two valves are installed in series
with a valved "telltale" located between these
valves. A valve shall not be subjected to the test
pressure unless it can be determined that the
valve, including the valve-closing mechanism, is
designed to safely withstand the pressure.
[NFPA 54: 8.1.1.5]

1 21 4.1 .6 Regulator and valve assemblies fabricated
independently of the piping system in which they
are to be installed shall be permitted to be tested
with inert gas or air at the time of fabrication.
[NFPA 54: 8.1.1.6]

1214.1.7 Test Medium. The test medium shall
be air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or an inert gas.
OXYGEN SHALL NEVER BE USED. [NFPA 54:
8.1.2]

1214.2 Test Preparation.

1214.2.1 Pipe joints, including welds, shall be
left exposed for examination during the test.
[NFPA 54: 8.1.3.1]

Exception: Covered or concealed pipe end
joints that have been previously tested in
accordance with this code.

1 21 4.2.2 Expansion joints shall be provided with
temporary restraints, if required for the
additional thrust load under test. [NFPA 54:
8.1.3.2]

1214.2.3 Appliances and equipment that are not
to be included in the test shall be either
disconnected from the piping or isolated by
blanks, blind flanges, or caps. Flanged joints at
which blinds are inserted to blank off other
equipment during the test shall not be required
to be tested. [NFPA 54: 8.1.3.3]

1214.2.4 Where the piping system is connected
to appliances, equipment, or equipment com-
ponents designed for operating pressures of less
than the test pressure, such appliances, equip-
ment, or equipment components shall be isolated
from the piping system by disconnecting them
and capping the outlets. [NFPA 54: 8.1.3.4]

1214.2.5 Where the piping system is cormected
to appliances, equipment, or equipment com-

ponents designed for operating pressures equal to
or greater than the test pressure, such appliances
and equipment shall be isolated from the piping
system by closing the individual appliance
equipment shutoff valves. [NFPA 54: 8.1.3.5]

1214.2.6 All testing of piping systems shall be
done with due regard for the safety of employees
and the public during the test. Bulkheads,
anchorage, and bracing suitably designed to resist
test pressures shall be installed if necessary. Prior
to testing, the interior of the pipe shall be cleared
of all foreign material. [NFPA 54: 8.1.3.6]

1214.3 Test Pressure.

1214.3.1 Test pressure shall be measured with a
manometer or with a pressure-measuring device
designed and calibrated to read, record, or
indicate a pressure loss due to leakage during
the pressure test period. The source of pressure
shall be isolated before the pressure tests are
made. Mechanical gauges used to measure test
pressures shall have a range such that the
highest end of the scale is not greater than five
times the test pressure. [NFPA 54: 8.1.4.1]

1214.3.2 The test pressure to be used shall be no
less than 1-1/2 times the proposed maximum
working pressure, but not less than 3 psi (20
kPa), irrespective of design pressure. [NFPA 54:
8.1.4.2]

1214.3.3 Test duration shall be not less than 1/2
hour for each 500 cubic feet (14 m^) of pipe
volume or fraction thereof. When testing a
system having a volume less than 10 cubic feet
(0.28 m^) or a system in a single-family dwelling,
the test duration shall be a minimuni of 10
minutes. The duration of the test shall not be
required to exceed 24 hours. [NFPA 54: 8.1.4.3]

1214.4 Detection of Leaks and Defects.

1214.4.1 The piping system shall withstand the
test pressure specified without showing any
evidence of leakage or other defects. Any
reduction of test pressures as indicated by
pressure gauges shall be deemed to indicate the
presence of a leak unless such reduction can be
readily attributed to some other cause. [NFPA
54: 8.1.5.1]

1214.4.2 The leakage shall be located by means
of an approved gas detector, a noncorrosive leak
detection fluid, or other approved leak detection
methods. Matches, candles, open flames, or
other methods that provide a source of ignition
shall not be used. [NFPA 54: 8.1.5.2]

1214.4.3 Where leakage or other defects are
located, the affected portion of the piping system
shall be repaired or replaced and retested. [See
Section 1214.1.3.] [NFPA 54: 8.1.5.3]

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166

FUEL PIPING

1214.5-1215.1

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1214.5 System and Equipment Leakage Test.

1214.5.1 Test Gases. Leak checks using fuel
gas shall be permitted in piping systems that
have been pressure-tested in accordance with
Section 1214.0. [NFPA 54: 8.2.1]

1214.5.2 Before Turning Gas On. Before gas is
introduced into a system of new gas piping, the
entire system shall be inspected to determine that
there are no open fittings or ends and all valves at
unused outlets are closed and plugged or capped.
[NFPA 54: 8.2.2]

1214.5.3 Test for Leakage. Immediately after
the gas is turned on into a new system or into a
system that has been initially restored after an
interruption of service, the piping system shall
be checked for leakage. Where leakage is
indicated, the gas supply shall be shut off until
the necessary repairs have been made. [NFPA
54: 8.2.3]

1214.5.4 Placing Equipment in Operation.

Gas utilization equipment shall not be placed in
operation until after the piping system has been
tested in accordance with Section 1214.5.3 and
purged in accordance with Section 1214.6.2.
[NFPA 54: 8.2.4]

1214.6 Purging.

1214.6.1 Removal From Service. When gas
piping is to be opened for servicing, addition, or
modification, the section to be worked on shall
be turned off from the gas supply at the nearest
convenient point and the line pressure vented to
the outdoors or to ventilated areas of sufficient
size to prevent accumulation of flammable
mixtures. The remaining gas in this section of
pipe shall be displaced with an inert gas as
required by Table 12-5. [NFPA 54: 8.3.1]

TABLE 12-5

Length of Piping Requiring Purging with Inert
Gas for Servicing or Modification

[NFPA 54: Table 8.3.1]

Nominal Pipe

Length of Piping

Size (in.)

Requiring Purging (ft.)

2

>50

3

>30

4

' >15

6

>10

8 or larger

Any length

piping shall be displaced with fuel gas, except
where such piping is required by Table 12-6 to
be purged with an inert gas prior to introduction
of fuel gas. The air can be safely displaced with
fuel gas provided that a moderately rapid and
continuous flow of fuel gas is introduced at one
end of the line and air is vented out at the other
end. The fuel gas flow shall be continued without
interruption until the vented gas is free of air. The
point of discharge shall not be left unattended
during purging. After purging, the vent shall then
be closed. Where required by Table 12-6, the air in
the piping shall first be displaced with an inert
gas, and the inert gas shall then be displaced with
fuel gas. [NFPA 54: 8.3.2]

TABLE 12-6

Length of Piping Requiring Purging with Inert
Gas Before Placing in Operation

[NFPA 54: Table 8.3.2]

Nominal Pipe
Size (in.)

Length of Piping Requiring
Purging (ft.)

3

>30

4

>15

6

>10

8 or larger

Any length

For SI units: 1 ft.

= 0.305

m.

For SI units: 1 f t = 0.305 m.

1214.6.2 Placing in Operation. When piping
full of air is placed in operation, the air in the

1214.6.3 Discharge of Purged Gases. The

open end of piping systems being purged shall
not discharge into confined spaces or areas
where there are sources of ignition unless
precautions are taken to perform this operation
in a safe manner by ventilation of the space,
control of purging rate, and elimination of all
hazardous conditions. [NFPA 54: 8.3.3]

1214.6.4 Placing Equipment in Opereition.

After the piping has been placed in operation, all
equipment shall be purged and then placed in
operation, as necessary. [NFPA 54: 8.3.4]

1215.0 Interconnections Between Gas Piping
Systems [NFPA 54: 5.3]

1215.1 Interconnections Supplying Separate Users.

Where two or more meters, or two or more service
regulators where meters are not provided, are
located on the same premises and supply separate
users, the gas-piping systems shall not be
interconnected on the outlet side of the meters or
service regulators. [NFPA 54: 5.3.1]

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167

1215.2-1217.3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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1215.2 Interconnections for Standby Fuels.

Where supplementary gas for standby use is
connected downstream from a meter or a service
regulator where a meter is not provided, a device to
prevent backflow shall be installed. [NFPA 54:
5.3.2.1] A three-way valve installed to admit the
standby supply and at the same time shut off the
regular supply shall be permitted to be used for this
purpose. [NFPA 54:5.3.2.2]

1216.0 Required Gas Supply.

1216.1 The following regulations, as set forth in this
section and in Section 1217.0, Required Gas Piping
Size, shall be the standard for the installation of gas
piping. All natural gas regulations and tables are
based on the use of gas having a specific gravity of
sixty hundredths (0.60), supplied at six (6) to eight (8)
inches (152-203 mm) water column pressure at the
outlet of the meter or regulator. Where the natural gas
supplier cannot maintain a minimum inlet pressure of
six (6) inches (152 mm) water column pressure. Table
12-7 allowing a maximum pressure drop of 0.3-inch
(7.6 mm) water column shall be used. For undiluted
liquefied petroleum gas, gas piping may be sized at
eleven (11) inches (279 mm) water column pressure at
the outlet of the meter or regulator and specific
gravity of one and fifty htmdredths (1.50).

Note: Where gas of a different specific gravity is to
be delivered, the serving gas supplier should be
contacted for specific gravity conversion factors to
use in sizing piping systems from the pipe sizing
tables in this chapter.

1216.2 The hourly volume of gas required at each
piping outlet shall be taken as not less than the
maximum hourly rating as specified by the
manufacturer of the appliance or appliances to be
connected to each such outlet.

1216.3 Where the gas appliances to be installed have
not been definitely specified. Table 12-1 may be used
as a reference to estimate requirements of typical
appliances.

To obtain the cubic feet per hour (L/sec.) of gas
required, divide input of appliances by the average
Btu (Watt-hour) heating value per cubic foot (L) of
the gas. The average Btu (Watt-hour) per cubic foot
(L) of the gas in the area of the installation may be
obtained from the serving gas supplier.

1 21 6.4 The size of the supply piping outlet for any
gas appliance shall not be less than one-half (1/2)
inch (15 mm).

The minimum size of any piping outlet for a
mobile home shall be three-quarter (3/4) inch (20 mm).

1217.0 Required Gas Piping Size.

1217.1 Pipe Sizing Methods. Where the pipe size
is to be determined using any of the methods in
Sections 1217.1.1 through 1217.1.3, the diameter of
each pipe segment shall be obtained from the pipe-
sizing tables in Section 1217.2 or from the sizing
equations in Section 1217.3. [NFPA 54: 6.1]

1217.1.1 Longest Length Method. The pipe
size of each section of gas piping shall be
determined using the longest length of piping
from the point of delivery to the most remote
outlet and the load of the section (see calculation
example in Figure 12-2). [NFPA 54: 6.1.1]

1217.1.2 Branch Length Method. Pipe shall be
sized as foUows: [NFPA 54: 6.1.2]

(A) Pipe size of each section of the longest
pipe run from the point of delivery to the
most remote outlet shall be determined
using the longest run of piping and the
load of the section.

(B) The pipe size of each section of branch
piping not previously sized shall be
determined using the length of piping,
from the point of delivery to the most
remote outlet in each branch and the
load of the section.

1217.1.3 Hybrid Pressure. The pipe size for
each section of higher-pressure gas piping shall
be determined using the longest length of piping
from the point of delivery to the most remote
line pressure regulator. The pipe size from the
line pressure regulator to each outlet shall be
determined using the length of piping from the
regulator to the most remote outlet served by the
regulator. [NFPA 54: 6.1.3]

1217.2 Tables for Sizing Gas-Piping Systems.

Tables 12-7 through 12-41 shall be used to size gas
piping in conjunction with one of the methods
described in Sections 1217.1.1 through 1217.1.3.
[NFPA 54: 6.3]

1217.3 Sizing Equations. The inside diameter of
smooth-wall pipe or tubing shall be determined by
the sizing equations 12-1 or 12-2/ using the
equivalent pipe length determined by Sections
1217.1.1 through 12117.1.3. [NFPA 54: 6.4]

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NFPA "A
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NFPA ""
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NFPA "A
NFPA TIA

168

FUEL PIPING

1217.3-1217.6

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NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
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NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
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NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Equation 12-1 Low-Pressure Gas Formula (Less
than 1.5 psi [10.3 kPa]): [NFPA 54: 6.4.1

D=

QO

381

19.17

\Cr X L/

0.206

where:

D = inside diameter of pipe, inches

Q = input rate appliance(s), cubic feet per hour at
60°F (16°C) and 30-inch (759 mm) mercury
coiumn

?! = upstream pressure, psia (P^ + 14.7)

P2 = downstream pressure, psia (P2 + 14.7)

L = equivaient length of pipe, feet

SH = pressure drop, inches water column (27.7 in.
H20= Ipsi)

Equation 12-2 High-Pressure Gas Formula (1.5 psi

[10.3 kPa] and above): [NFPA 54: 6.4.2]

D-

Q

i0.381

18.93 Ml

EPiizMiil

1^ CrxL J

0.206

where:

D = inside diameter of pipe, inches

Q = input rate appliance(s), cubic feet per hour at
60°F (16°C) and 30 inch (759 mm) mercury
column

Pj = upstream pressure, psia (Pj + 14.7)

P2 - downstream pressure, psia (P2 + 14.7)

L = equivalent length of pipe, feet.

52H = pressure drop, inches water cohimn (27.7 in.
H2O = 1 psi)

TABLE 12-4

Cr and Y for Natural Gas and Undiluted Propane
at Standard Conditions [NFPA 54: Table 6.4.2]

Formula Factors Gas

Cr

Nahiral Gas 0.6094 0.9992

Undiluted Propane 1.2462 0.9910

For SI units, 1 ft.^* = 0.028 m^; 1 ft. = 0.305 m; 1 in.
water column = 0.249 l<Pa; 1 psi = 6.894 kPa; 1,000
Btu/h = 0.293 kW.

1217.4 To determine the size of each section of pipe
in any system within the range of the Table, proceed
as follow^s:

(A) Measure the length of the pipe from the gas
meter location to the most remote outlet on
the system.

(B) Select the length in feet column and row
showing that distance, or the next longer
distance if the table does not give the exact
length.

(C) Starting at the most remote outlet, find in the
row just selected the gas demand for that
outlet. If the exact figure of demand is not
shown, choose the next larger figure in the
row.

(D) At the top of this column will be foim^d the
correct size of pipe.

(E) Using this same row, proceed in a similar
manner for each section of pipe serving this
outlet. For each section of pipe, determine
the total gas demand supplied by that
section. Where gas piping sections serve
both heating and cooling equipment and the
installation prevents both units from
operating simultaneously, only the larg-
er of the two demand loads needs be used in
sizing these sections.

(F) Size each section of branch piping not
previously sized by measuring the distance
from the gas meter location to the most
remote outlet in that branch and follow the
procedures of steps B, C, D, and E above.

Note:

Size branch piping in the order of their distance from
the meter location, beginning with the most distant
outlet not previously sized.

1217.5 For conditions other than those covered by
Section 1217.1, such as longer runs or greater gas
demands, the size of each gas piping system shall be
determined by standard engineering methods
acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, and
each such system shall be so designed that the total
pressure drop between the meter or other point of
supply and any outlet when full demand is being
supplied to all outlets, will at no time exceed five-
tenths (0.5) inches (12.7 mm) water column pressure.

1217.6 Where the gas pressure may be higher than
fourteen (14) inches (356 mm) or lower than six (6)
inches (152 mm) of water column, or when diversity
demand factors are used, the design, pipe, sizing,
materials, location, and use of such systems first shall
be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Piping systems designed for pressures higher than
the serving gas supplier's standard delivery pressure
shall have prior verification from the gas supplier of
the availability of the design pressure.

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TIA
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TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
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TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
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169

Figure 1 2-2 Example

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Figure 12-2 Example Illustrating Use of Tables 12-1 and 12-8

Problem: Determine the required pipe size of each section and outlet of the piping system shown in Figure 12-
2. Gas to be used has a specific gravity of sixty hundredths (0.60) and eleven hundred (1,100) Btu per cubic foot
(11.4 Watt-hour/L), delivered at eight (8) inch (203 nm\) water column pressure.

TIA
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150,000 btu/h

* (43.950 W)

1 f-umace

1

O

1

c

/— ^

H

o>

r-

^^ o«

m

3° 5l

D

LET

Section 3

i Section 2 Section 1 >

20'

1 10' 10'

(6096 mm)

^ (3048 mm).J3048 mmX ,_

J-

O

oS

c

H

4^

f-

°°o

O

— m

3 -
3 ■

c

H

f-

m

4!^ H_

<3 03*

A

H

3 -

W

O

3

Gasr

i/leter

1

r

30 gallon (113.6 1)

Automatic
Water Heats'

3
3

Gas

Refrigerator

Range

Solution:

(1) Maximum gas demand of outlet A —

32 cubic feet per hour (0.21 L/sec.) (from Table 12-1).
Maximum gas demand of outlet B —

3 cubic feet per hour (0.02 L/sec.) (from Table 12-1).
Maximum gas demand of outlet C —

59 cubic feet per hour (0.46 L/sec.) (from Table 12-1).
Maximum gas demand of outlet D —

136 cubic feet per hour (1.1 L/sec.) (150,000 Bhi/hour [43,950 W])

divided by 1,100 Btu per cubic foot (11.4 Watt-hour/L)

(2) The length of pipe from the gas meter to the most remote outlet (outlet A) is 60 feet (18,288 mm).

(3) Using the length in feet column row marked 60 feet (18,288 mm) in Table 12-8:

Outlet A, supplying 32 cubic feet per hour (0.21 L/sec), requires one-half (1/2) inch (15 mm) pipe. Section

1, supplying outlets A and B, or 35 cubic feet per hour (0.24 L/sec.) requires one-half (1/2) inch (15 mm)

pipe.

Section 2, supplying outlets A, B, and C, or 94 cubic feet per hour (0.7 L/sec.) requires three-quarter (3/4)

inch (20 mm) pipe.

Section 3, supplying outlets A, B, C, and D, or 230 cubic feet per hour (1.8 L/sec), requires one inch (25
mm) pipe.

(4) Using the column marked 60 feet (18288 mm) in Table 12-8 (no column for actual length of 55 feet [16,764
mm]: Outlet B supplying 3 cubic feet per hour (0.02 L/sec), requires one-half (1/2) inch (15 mm) pipe.

Outlet C, supplying 59 cubic feet per hour (0.46 L/sec), requires one-half (1/2) inch (15 mm) pipe.

(5) Using the column marked 50 feet (15,240 mm) in Table 12-8:

Outlet D, supplying 136 cubic feet per hour (1.1 L/sec), requires (3/4) inch (20 mm) pipe.

170

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-7

Table 1 2-7 Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe [NFPA Table 6.2(a)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

Less than 2

psi

Pressure l^op:

0.3 in. w.c.

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal:

V4

%

1

VA

m

2

2V4

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

Actual ID:

0.622

0.824

1.049

1.380

1.610

2.067

2.469

3.068

4.026

5.047

6.065

7.981

10.020

11.938

Leog^ (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

131

273

514

1,060

1,580

3,050

4,860

8,580

17,!>00

31,700

51..300

105,000

191,000

303,000

20

90

188

363

726

1,090

2.090

3,340

5,900

12,000

21,800

35,300

72,400

132,000

208,000

30

72

151

284

583

873

1,680

2,680

4,740

9,660

17,500

28,300

.58,2(H)

106,000

167,0(X)

40

62

129

243

499

747

1,410

2.290

4,0.50

8,270

15,0(H)

24.200

49,800

90,4(M)

143,000

50

55

114

215

442

662

1,280

2.030

3,.590

7,3.30

13,300

21,500

44,100

80,100

127,000

60

50

104

195

4<»

(JOO

1.160

1,840

3,260

6,640

12,000

19,500

40,0(M)

72,600

115.000

70

46

95

179

368

552

1,060

1,690

3.000

6,110

11,100

17,900

36,800

66.800

106,000

80

42

89

167

343

514

989

1,580

2,790

5,680

10,3(K)

16,700

34,200

62 J (M)

98,400

90

40

83

157

322

482

928

1,480

2,610

5,330

9,6.50

15,600

32,100

58,.300

92,300

100

38

79

148

30-4

455

877

1,400

2,470

5,040

9,110

14,800

30,.300

55,100

87,200

125

33

70

131

2()9

403

777

1,240

2,190

4,460

8,080

13,100

26,900

48,8(M)

77,300

150

30

63

119

244

366

704

1,120

1,980

4.050

7,320

11,900

24,300

44.200

70,000

175

28

58

109

224

336

648

1,030

1,820

3,720

6,730

10,900

22,400

40,700

64,400

200

26

54

102

209

313

602

960

1,700

3,460

6,260

10,100

20,800

37,900

59,900

250

23

48

90

ia5

til

534

851

1,5(«)

3,070

5,5.50

8,990

]8,5(K)

33,.5(K)

53,100

300

21

43

82

168

251

484

771

1,360

2,780

5,0.30

8,1.50

16,700

30,400

48,1(X)

350

1.9

40

75

1,54

231

445

709

1.250

2..560

4,630

7,490

15.400

28,0(H)

44,-300

400

18

37

70

143

21.5

414

660

1,170

2,380

4,310

6,970

14„300

26,000

41,200

450

17

35

66

135

202

389

619

1,090

2,2.30

4,040

6,540

13,400

24,400

.38,600

500

16

33

62

127

191

367

385

1,0.30

2,110

3,820

6,180

12,7(K)

23,1(K)

.36„500

550

15

31

.59

121

181

349

5.56

982

2,000

3,620

5,870

12.100

21,900

34,700

600

14

30

.56

115

173

333

530

937

1.910

3,460

5,600

11..5{K)

20.900

33,100

6S0

14

29

54

110

165

318

508

897

1,8.30

3,310

5,.360

11,000

20,000

31,700

700

13

27

52

106

1,59

306

488

862

1,760

3,180

5,150

10,600

19,200

30,400

750

13

26

60

102

1.53

295

470

SSO

1,690

3,060

4,960

10,200

18,500

29,300

8«)

12

26

48

99

148

285

454

802

1,640

2,960

4,790

9.840

17.9(K>

28,3(K)

850

12

25

46

95

143

275

439

776

1,580

2,8fJ0

4,640

9,530

17,-300

27,400

900

11

24

45

93

139

267

426

752

1,530

2,780

4.500

9,240

16,800

26,600

950

11

23

44

90

135

259

413

731

1,490

2,700

4,370

8,970

16,300

25,800

1,000

11

23

43

87

131

2.52

402

711

1.450

2,620

4.250

8,720

15,800

2.5,100

1,100

10

21

40

83

124

240

382

675

1,380

2,490

4,030

8.290

15.1(X)

23,800

1,200

NA

20

39

79

119

229

364

644

1,310

2,380

3,850

7,910

14,4{M)

22,700

1,3(X)

NA

20

37

76

114

219

349

617

1.260

2,280

3.680

7,570

13,700

21,800

1,400

NA

19

35

73

109

210

335

592

1,210

2,190

3.540

7,270

13,200

20,900

1,500

NA

18

34

70

105

203

323

571

1.160

2,110

3,410

7,010

12.700

20,100

1,600

NA

18

33

68

102

196

312

551

1,120

2,030

3,290

6.770

12,300

19,500

1,700

NA

17

32

66

98

189

302

533

l,Ot»

1,970

3.190

6,550

11,900

18,800

L8{H)

NA

16

.31

64

95

184

293

517

1,050

i,9U)

3,090

6,3.50

J 1,. 5(H)

i8„300

1,900

NA

16

30

62

93

178

284

502

1,020

1,850

3,000

6,170

11,200

17,700

2,000

NA

16

29

60

90

173

276

488

1,000

1,800

2,920

6,000

10,900

17,200

NA means a flow of less than 10 cfli.

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

171

Table 12-8

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-8 Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe [NRPA Table 6.2(b)]

Cas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure;

Less than 2 psi

Pressure Drop:

0.5 in. w.c.

Specific Gravity!

0.60

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal:

Vi

V*

1

VA

VA

2

VA

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

Actual ID:

0.622

0.824

1.049

1.380

1.610

2.067

2.469

3.068

4.026

5.047

6.065

7.981

10.020

11.938

Length (ft)

Capacity iti Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

HI

172

360

678

1,390

2,090

4.-,02O

6,400

11.300

23,100

4i,8(K>

67,600

139,000

252,000

39<),000

20

118

247

466

957

1,430

2,7t)0

4,400

7,780

15,900

28,700

46,.500

95,.500

173,000

275,000

30

95

109

374

768

1,150

2,220

3.530

6,250

12,700

23,0(X)

37,300

76,700

139,000

220,0(K)

40

81

170

320

657

985

1,900

3,020

5,350

10,900

19,700

31,900

65,(500

119,000

189,0m)

50

72

151

284

583

873

1,680

2,f>80

4.740

9,660

17,5W)

28.300

58,200

106,000

167,000

60

65

137

257

528

791

1,520

2,430

4,290

8,760

15,800

25.600

52,700

95,700

152,000

70

60

126

237

486

728

1,4(M)

2,230

3.950

8.050

14.6{K)

23,600

48,.500

88,1 (K>

139,0(K)

80

56

117

220

452

677

1.300

2,080

3,670

7,490

13,600

22,000

45,100

81,900

130,000

90

52

110

207

424

635

1,220

1.950

3,450

7.030

12,700

20,600

42,-300

76,900

122,0a)

100

50

104

195

400

600

\,\m

1,840

3.260

6,640

12,000

19,.500

40.000

72,600

115,000

125

44

92

173

355

532

1,020

1,630

2,890

5,890

10,600

17,200

35,400

64,300

102,000

150

40

83

157

322

482

928

1,480

2,610

5,330

9,650

15,600

32,100

■ 58,3«)

92,300

175

.^7

77

144

296

443

854

1,360

2.410

4,910

8,880

14,400

29,300

53,600

84,900

200

34

71

134

275

412

794

1,270

2,240

4,560

8,260

13,400

27.500

49,900

79,000

250

30

63

119

244

366

704

1,120

1,980

4,050

7,320

11,900

24,.300

44,200

70,000

300

27

57

108

221

331

638

1,020

1,800

3,670

6,630

10,700

22,100

40,100

63,400

350

25

53

99

203

305

587

935

1,650

3,370

6.100

9,880

20,300

36,900

58,400

400

23

49

92

189

283

546

870

1,540

3,140

3,680

9,190

18,900

34.300

54.300

450

22

46

86

177

266

512

816

1,440

2,940

5,330

8,620

17,700

32,200

50,900

300

21

43

82

168

251

484

771

1,360

2,780

5,030

8,150

16,700

30,400

48,100

550

20

41

78

159

239

4.59

732

1,290

2.640

4,780

7,740

15,!K)0

28,900

45,700

(WO

19

39

74

152

228

438

699

1,240

2,520

4,5«)

7,380

15,200

27,5(K)

43,600

650

18

.38

71

145

218

420

669

1,180

2,410

4,360

7,070

14, .500

26,400

41,800

700

17

36

68

140

209

403

(rlS

1,140

2,320

4, UK)

6,790

14,(X)0

25,300

40,1 (K)

750

17

35

66

135

202

389

619

1,090

2,230

4,040

6,540

13,400

24,400

38,600

800

16

34

63

130

195

375

598

1,060

2,160

3,900

6,320

13,000

23,600

37,3(K)

850

16

33

61

126

189

363

579

1.020

2,090

3,780

6,110

12,iJ00

22.800

36,100

900

15

32

.59

122

183

.352

561

992

2,020

3,660

5,930

12,200

22,100

35,000

050

15

31

58

118

178

342

545

963

1,960

3,550

5,760

11,800

21,500

34,000

1,(X(0

1,4

30

56

115

173

333

530

937

1,910

3,460

3,600

11, .500

20,900

33,100

1,100

14

28

53

109

164

316

503

890

1,810

3,280

5,320

10,900

19,8(K)

3I,4(X)

1,200

13

27

51

104

156

301

480

849

1,730

3,130

5,070

10,400

18,000

30,000

1,300

12

26

49

100

150

289

460

813

l,6(i0

3,000

4,8(>0

9,980

18,100

28,7a)

1,400

12

25

47

96

144

277

442

781

1..590

2,880

4,670

9,.590

17,400

27,600

1,500

11

24

45

93

139

267

426

752

1,530

2,780

4,500

9,240

16,800

26,600

1,600

11

23

44

89

134

258

411

727

1,480

2,680

4.340

8,920

16,200

25.6(M)

1,700

11

22

42

86

130

250

398

703

1,430

2,590

4.200

8,630

15,700

24,800

1,800

10

22

41

84

126

242

386

682

1,390

2,520

4,070

8,370

15,200

24.100

1 ,«)0

10

21

40

81

122

235

375

662

1,350

2,440

3,960

8,1.30

14,S*K)

23,400

2,000

NA

20

39

79

119

229

364

644

1,310

2,380

3,850

7,910

14,4(K)

22,700

NA means a flow of less than 10 cfli.

Note: All table entries are rounded to .S .significant digits.

172

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-9

Table 12-9 Schedule 40 MetaUic Pipe [NFPA Table 6.2(c)]

Gas:

Natural

inlet PressMiie:

2.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

1.0 psi

Specific Gmvi^

0,60

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal:

«/4

%

1

l'/4

VA

2

V/k

3

4

Actual ID:

0.622

0.824

1.049

1.3S0

1.610

2.067

2.469

3.068

4.026

Length (ft)

Capacity in

Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

1,510

3.040

5,560

11,400

17,100

32,9«)

52,500

92,800

189,(M)0

20

1,070

2,150

3,930

8,070

12,100

23,300

37,1,00

65,600

134,000

30

869

1.760

3,210

6„590

9,880

19,000

30,300

53,600

109.000

40

753

1,520

2,780

.5,710

8,550

16,.500

26,300

46,400

94,700

50

673

1,860

2,4<Ki

5,110

7,650

■ 14,700

23,5(X)

41„500

84,700

60

615

1,24«

2,270

4,660

6,980

13,!500

21,400

37.900

77.300

-70

569

1,150

2,100

4,320 •

6,470

12,500

19,900

35,100

71,600

80

532

1,080

1,970

■ 4,040

6,050

11,700

18,600

32,800

67.000

90

502

1,010

1,850

3,810

5.700

11.000

17,500

30,900

63,100

100

, 462

934

1,710

3,510

5,260

10.100

16,100

28,500

58,200

125

414

836

1,530

3,140

4,7tX»

9,060

14,400

25,500

r.2,100

150

372

751

1,370

2,820

4,220

8,130

13,000

22,900

46,700

175

344

695

1,270

2.601

3,910

7,530

12,000

21,200

43,300

200

318

642

1,170

2,410

3,610

6.960

11.100

19,600

40,000

250

279

583

1,040

2,140

.3,210

6,180

9,850

17,400

35.500

300

253

.528

945

1,94:0

2,910

b,m)

8,920

15,800

32,200

350

232

486

869

1.790

2.670

5,1.50

8,210

14.500

29,600

400

216

452

809

1,660

2,490

4,790

7,640

13,500

27,500

450

203

424

759

1,560

2,330

4,500

7,170

12,700

25,800

500

192

401

717

1,470

2,210

4,250

6,770

12,000

24,400

550

182

381

681

1,400

2,090 -

4,030

6,430

11.400

23,200

600

174

3()3

6.50

1,.330

2,000

3,8.50

6.130

10,800

22,100

650

166

348

622

1.280

1,910

3.680

5,870

10,400

21,200

700

160

334

598

1,2.30

1,840

3,54«

5,640

9,970

20,300

750

154

322

576

1,180

1.770

3,410

5,440

9,610

19,600

800

149

311

556

1,140

1,710

3,290

5,2>)0

9,280

18,900

850

144

.301

5.38

1,100

1,650

3,190

5,080

8,980

18,300

900

139

292

522

1,070

1,600

3,090

4,930

8,710

17,800

950

135

283

507

1,040

1,560

3,000

4,780

8,460

17.200

1,000

132

275

493

1,010

1,520

2,920

4,6.50

8,220

16.800

1,100

125

262

468

960

1,440

2,770

4,420

7,810

15,900

1.200

119

250

446

917

1,370

2,640

4,220

7.450

15,200

1,300

114

2-39

427

878

1,320

2,5,30

4,040

7,140

14,600

1,400

110

2.30

411

843

1.260

2,430

3.880

6,860

14,000

1,500

106

221

396

812

1,220

2,34.0

3,740

6,600

13,500

1,600

102

214

382

784

1,180

2,260

3,610

6,380

13,000

1,700

99

207

370

7.59

1,140

2,190

3,490

6,170

12,600

1,800

96

200

358

736

l.KM)

2.120

3,390

5,980

12,200

1,9<M)

93

193

348

715

1,070

2,060

3,290

5,810

11,900

2,000

91

189

339

695

1,040

2.010

3,200

5,650

11, .500

Note: All Uible entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

173

Table 12-10

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 1 2-1 Schedule 40 MetaUic Pipe [NFPA Table 6.2(d)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

3.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

2.0 psi

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal:

H

»/4

I

VA

IH

2

2M.

3

4

Actual ID:

0.622

0.824

1.049

1,380

1,610

2.067

2.469

3.068

4.026

Length (ft)

Capacity in

Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

2„%0

4.920

9.270

19,000

28,500

54,900

87,500

155.000

316,000

20

1,620

3,380

6,370

13,100

19,600

37,700

60,100

106,000

217,000

30

1300

2,720

5,1 10

10,500

15,700

30,300

48,300

85,400

174,000

40

1,110

2,320

4,380

8,9i»0

13,500

25,900

41,3(X)

73,100

149,000

50

985

2,060

3,880

7,970

11,900

23,000

36,6(K)

64,800

132,000

60

892

1,870

3,520

7,220

10,800

20,800

33,200

58,700

120,000

70

821

1,720

3,230

6,640

9,950

19,200

30,500

54,000

110,000

80

764

1,600

3,010

6,180

9,260

17,800

28,400

50.200

102,000

90

717

1,500

2.820

5,800

8,680

16,700

26,700

47,100

96,100

100

677

1,420

2,670

5,470

8,200

15,800

25,200

44,500

90,800

125

600

1,250

2,360

4,850

7,270

14,000

22,300

39,500

80,500

150

.544

l.HO

2,140

4,400

6,590

12,700

20,200

35.700

72,900

175

,500

1.050

1,970

4,040

6,060

11,700

18,600

32,900

67,100

200

465

973

1,830

3,760

5,640

10,900

17,300

30,600

62,400

250

412

862

1,620

3,330

5,000

9,620

15.300

27.100

55,300

soo

,H74

781

1,470

3,020

4,530

8,720

13,900

24,0)00

.50.100

350

344

719

1,.350

2,780

4,170

8,020

12,800

22,600

46,100

400

,^20

(>69

1,260

2,590

3,870

7,460

11,900

21,000

42,900

450

300

627

1.180

2,430

3,640

7,000

11,200

19.700

40,200

500

283

593

1,120

2,290

3,430

6,610

10,500

18,600

38,000

550

269

563

1,060

2,180

3,260

6,280

10.000

17,700

.36,100

600

257

537.

1,010

2,080

3,110

5,990

9,550

16,900

34,400

S50

246

514

969

1,990

2,980

5,740

9,1,50

16.200

33,000

700

236

494

931

1,910

2,860

5,510

8,790

15,.500

31,700

750

228

476

897

1,840

2,760

.5,310

8,470

15,000

30,500

800

220

460

866

1,780

2,660

5,130

8,180

14,500

29,500

850

213

445

838

1,720

2,580

4,960

7.910

14,000

28,500

900

206

431

812

1,670

2,500

4,810

7,670

13,600

27,700

950

200

419

789

1,620

2,430

4,670

7,450

13,200

26,900

1,000

195

407

767

1,580

2,360

4,5.50

7,240

12,800

26,100

1,100

.185

387

729

1,600

2,240

4,320

6,890

12,200

24.800

1,200

177

369

695

1,430

2,140

4,120

6,570

11,600

2.3,700

I, .WO

169

353

666

1,370

2.050

3,940

(j,290

11,100

22,700

1,400

162

340

640

1,310

1,970

3,790

6,040

10,700

21,8<.i0

1,500

166

327

616

1.270

1,900

3,650

5,820

10,.300

21,000

1,()00

151

316

595

1,220

1,830

3,530

5,620

10,000

20,300

1,700

146

306

576

1,180

1.770

3,410

5,440

9,610

19,600

1,800

142

296

558

1,150

1,720

3,310

5.270

9,320

19,000

1,900

138

288

542

1.110

1,670

3,210

5,120

9,050

18,400

2,000

1,34

280

527

1,080

1,620

3,120

4.980

8,800

18.000

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

174

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-11

Table 12-11 Schedule 40 MetalUc Pipe [NFPA Table 6.2 (e)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

5.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

3.5 psi

Specific Gravifys

0.60

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal:

'/4

V4

1

VA

m

2

2Mi

3

4

Actual ID:

0.622

0.824

1.049

1.380

1.610

2.067

2.469

3.068

4.026

Length (ft)

Capacity in

Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

3,190

6,430

11,800

24,200

36,200

69,700

111.000

196,000

401,000

20

2,250

4,550

8,320

17,100

25,600

49,300

78.600

139,000

283,000

30

1,840

3,720

6,790

14,000

20,900

40,300

64,200

113.000

231,000

40

1,590

3,220

3,880

12,100

18,100

34,900

53,600

98.200

200,000

50

1,430

2,880

5,260

10,800

16,200

31,200

49,700

87,900

179,000

60

1,300

2,630

4,800

9,860

14,800

28,500

45,400

80,200

164,000

70

1,200

2,430

4,450

9,130

13,700

26,400

42,000

74,300

151,000

80

1,150

2,330

4,260

8.540

12,800

24,700

.39,300

69,.500

142,000

90

1,060

2,150

3,920

8,050

12,100

23,200

37.000

65,500

134,000

100

979

1,980

3,620

7,4.30

11,100

21,400

34.200

60,400

123,000

125

876

1.770

3,240

6,640

9,950

19,200

.30,600

54,000

110,000

150

786

im)

2,910

.5,960

8,940

17,200

27,400

48,500

98,900

175

728

1,470

2,690

5,520

8,270

15,900

25,400

44,900

91,600

200

673

1,360

2,490

5,100

7,650

14,700

23..500

41,500

84,700

250

558

1,170

2,200

4.510

6,760

13,000

20,800

36,700

74,900

300

506

i.om

1,990

4,090

6,130

11,800

18,800

.33,300

67,800

350

465

973

1,830

3,760

5,640

10,900

17,300

.30,600

62,400

400

433

905

1,710

3„500

5,250

10,100

16,1(K)

28,500

58,100

450

406

849

1,600

3,290

4,920

9.480

15,100

26,700

54 ,.500

500

384

802

1,510

.3,100

4,650

8.950

14,300

25,200

51,.tO0

550

364

762

1.440

2,950

4,420

8,500

13,600

24,000

48,900

600

348

727

1.370

2,810

4,210

8,110

12,900

22,900

46,600

650

333

696

1,310

2,690

4,030

7,770

12,400

21,900

44,600

700

320

669

1,260

2„590

3,880

7.460

11,900

21,000

42,900

750

308

644

1,210

2,490

3,730

7,190

11,5(K)

20,300

41,300

800

298

622

1,170

2,410

3,610

6,940

11.100

19,600

39,900

850

288

602

1,130

2,330

3,490

6,720

10,700

18,900

38,600

900

279

584

1,100

2,260

3,380

6,320

10.400

18,400

37,400

950

271

567

1.070

2,190

3,290

6,330

10.100

17,800

36,400

1,000

264 .

551

1,040

2,130

3,200

6,150

9.810

17,300

35,400

1,100

250

524

987

2,030

3,030

5.840

9.320

16„500

33,600

1,200

239

500

941

1,930

2,900

5,580

8,890

15,700

32,000

1.300

229

478

901

1,850

2,770

5,340

8,510

15,000

30,700

1.400

220

460

866

1,780

2,660

5,1.30

8,180

14,500

29,500

1,500

212

443

834

1,710

2,570

4,940

7.880

]3,900

28.400

1,600

205

428

806

1,650

2,480

4,770

7.610

13,400

27,400

1,700

198

414

780

1,600

2,400

4,620

7,360

13,000

26,500

1,800

192

401

756

1,550

2,330

4,480

7,140

12,600

25,700

1,900

186

390

734

1,510

2.260

4.3-50

6,930

12,300

25.000

2.000

181

379

714

1,470

2,200

4,230

6,740

11,900

24,300

Note: All table entries itre rounded to 3 significant digits.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

175

Table 12-12

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-12 Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing [NFPA Table 6.2(f)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

Less than 2 psi

Pressure Drop:

0.3 in. w.c.

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Tube Size (in.)

K&JU

W

%

'At

%

%

1

VA

l¥i

2

ACR:

%

'/a

¥»

¥*

%

!'/»

1%

—

—

Outside:

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.875

1.125

1.375

1.625

2.125

Inside:*

0.305

0.402

0.527

0.652

0.745

0.995

1.245

1.481

1.959

Length (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

20

42

85

148

210

448

806

1,270

2,650

20

14

29

58

102

144

308

554

873

1,820

30

11

23

47

82

116

247

445

701

1,460

40

10

20

40

70

99

211

381

600

1,250

50

NA.

17

35

62

88

187

.337

532

1,110

60

NA

16

32

56

79

170

306

482

1,000

70

NA

14

2<)

52

73

156

281

443

924

80

NA

13

27

48

68

145

262

413

859

90

NA

13

26

45

64

J 36

245

387

806

100

NA

12

24

43

60

129

232

366

761

125

NA

11

22

38

53

114

206

324

675

150

NA

10

20

34

48

103

186

294

612

175

NA

NA

18

31

45

95

171

270

563

200

NA

. NA

17

29

41

89

159

251

523

250

NA

NA

15

26

37

78

141

223

464

300

NA

NA

13

23

33

71

128

202

420

SSO

NA

NA

12

22

31

65

118

186

387

400

NA

NA

11

20

28

61

110

173

360

450

NA

NA

11

19

27

57

103

162

338

500

NA

NA

10

18

25

54

97

153

319

550

NA

NA

NA

17

24

51

92

145

303

(iOO

NA

NA

NA

16

23

49

88

139

289

(■(50

NA

NA

NA

15

22

47

84

133

277'

700

NA

NA

NA

16

21

45

81

128

266

750

NA

NA

NA

14

20

43

78

123

256

800

NA

NA

NA

14

20

42

75

119

247

850

NA

NA

NA

13

19

4,0

73

115

239

900

NA

NA

.NA

13

18

39

71

111

232

950

NA

NA

NA

13

18

38

69

108

225

1,000

NA

NA

NA

12

17

37

67

105

219

1,100

NA

NA

NA

12

16

35

63

100

208

1,200

NA

NA

NA

11

16

34

60

95

199

1,300

NA

NA

NA

11

15

32

58

91

190

1,400

NA

NA

NA

10

14

31

56

88

183

1,500

NA

NA

NA

NA

14

30

54

84

176

1,600

NA

NA

NA

NA

13

29

52

82

170

1,700

NA

NA

NA

NA

13

28

50

79

164

1,800

NA

NA

NA

NA

13

27

49

77

159

1,900

NA

NA

NA

NA

12

26

47

74

155

2,(XI0

NA

NA

NA

NA

12

25

46

72

151

NA means a flow of less than 10 cfli.

Note: .A.11 table emries are rounded to 3 significant, digits.

'Table capacities are based on T)pe K copper tubing inside diameter (shov\ni) , which has the smallest inside

diameter of tJie copper tubing products.

176

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-13

Table 1 2-1 3 Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing [NFPA Table 6.2(g)]

Gas:

Natui'al

Inlet Pressure:

I.«$s than 2 psi

Presjsure Drop:

O.S in. w.c,

Spedific Gravity:

0.60

Tube Size (in.)

KScU

'/4

%

¥i

%

%

1

VA

VA

2

Nominal:

ACR:

%

H

%

%

%

11/8

1%

—

—

Outside:

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.875

1,125

1.375

1.625

2.125

Inside:'

0.305

0.402

0.527

0.652

0.745

0.995

1.245

1.481

1.959

Length (ft)

Capacity in

dubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

27

55

Hi

195

276

590

1,060

1,680

3,490

20

18

38

77

134

190

406

730

1,150

2,400

30

15

30

61

107

152

.326

586

925

1.9.30

•10

13

26

53

92

131

279

502

791

1,650

50

11

23

47

82

116

247

445

701

1,460

60

10

21

42

74

105

224

403

635

1,.320

70

NA

19

39

68

96

206

371

585

1,220

80

.NA

18

36

63

90

192

,345

544

1,130

90

NA

17

M

59

84

180

324

510

1,060

100

NA

16

32

55

79

170

306 .

482

1,000

125

NA

14

28

50

70

151

271

427

890

150

NA

13

26

45

64

136

245

387

806

175

NA

12

24

41

59

126

226

.356

742

200

NA

11

22

39

55

117

210

331

690

250

NA

NA

20

34

48

103

186

294

612

300

NA

NA

18

31

44

94

169

266

.554

350

NA

NA

16

28

40

86

155

245

510

400

NA

NA

15

26

38

80

144

228

474

450

. NA

NA

14

25

35

75

135

214

445

500

NA

NA

13

23

33

71

128

202

420

550

NA

NA

13

22

32

68

122

192

399

600

NA

NA

12

21

30

64

116

183

381

650

NA

NA

12

20

29

62

111

175

365

700

NA

NA

11

20

28

59

107

168

350

750

NA

NA

11

19

27

57

103

162

338

80C>

NA

NA

10

IS

26

55

99

1.56

.326

850

NA

NA

10

18

25

5.3

96

151

315

9m

NA

NA

NA

17

24

52

93

147

306

950

NA

NA

.NA

17

24

.50

90

143

297

l.WM)

NA

NA

NA

16

23

49

88

139

289

1,100

NA

NA

NA

15

22

46

84

132

274

1,200

NA

.\'A

NA

15

21

44

80

126

262

1,300

NA

NA

NA

14

20

42

76

120

251

U(m

NA

NA

NA

13

19

41

73

116

241

1,500

NA

> NA

NA

13

18

.39

71

111

232

1,600

NA

NA

NA

13

18

38

68

108

224

1,700

NA

NA

NA

12

17

37

66

104

217

1.800

NA

.NA

NA

12

17

36

64

101

210

1,900

NA

NA

NA

11

16

35

62

98

204

2,000

NA

NA

NA

11

16

34

60

95

199

NA means a flow of less than 10 dli.

Note: All table entries are rotmded to 3 significant digits.

'Table capacities are based on Type K. copper tubing inside diameter (shown) , which has the smallest inside

diameter of the copper tubing products.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

177

Table 12-14

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA.
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-14 Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing [NBPA Table 6.2(h)]

Gas: Natural

Met Pressure:

Pressure Drop:

Specific Gravity:

Less than 2 psi

1.0 in. W.C.

0.60

SPi-.CIAI. L'Sr.: Tube Si/ing lictwccn Mou.sc Line Re(<;iilator and the Appliance.

Tube Size (in.)

K&L:

W

%

^A

%

%

1

VA

I'A

2

ACR:

%

14

%

%

%

IVs

1%

—

—

Outside:

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.875

1.125

1.375

1.625

2.125

Inside:*

0.305

0.402

0.527

0.652

0.745

0.995

1.245

1.481

1.959

Length (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

.39

80

162

283

402

859

1,.550

2.440

5.080

20

27

53

111

195

276

590

1,060

1,680

3,490

30

21

44

89

156

222

474

853

1,350

2,800

40

18

38

77

134

190

406

730

1,1.50

2,400

50

16

33

68

119

168

359

647

1,020

2,1-30

60

15

30

61

107

152

326

586

925

1.930

70

13

28

57

99

140

300

539

851

1,770

80

13

26

53

92

131

279

502

791

1,650

90

12

24

49

86

122

262

471

742

1,550

JOO

IJ

23

47

82

116

247

445

701

1,460

125

NA

20

41

72

103

219

394

622

1,290

J50

.NiA

18

37

65

93

198

357

563

1,170

175

NA

17

34

60

85

183

329

518

1,080

200

NA

16

32

56

79

170

306

482

1,000

250

NA

14

28

50

70

151

271

427

890

300

NA

13

26

45

64

136

245

387

806

350

NA

12

24

41

59

125

226

356

742

400

NA

11

22

39

55

117

210

331

690

450

NA

10

21

36

51

110

197

311

647

500

.NiA

NA

20

34

48

103

186

294

612

530

NA

NA

19

32

46

98

177

279

581

600

NA

NA

18

31

44

94

169

266

554

630

NA

NA

17

30

42

90

162

255

531

700

NA

NA

16

28

40

86

L55

245

510

750

NA

NA

16

27

39

83

150

236

491

800

NA

NA

15

26

38

80

144

228

474.

8.50

•N'A

NA

15

26

36

78

140

. 220

459

900

NA

NA

14

25

35

75

135

214

445

950

NA

NA

14

24

34

73

132

207

432

1,000

.NA

NA

13

23

33

71

128

202

420

l,i00

NA

NA

13

22

32

68

122

192

399

1,200

.NA

NA

12

21

30

64

116

183

381

1,SOO

NA

NA

12

20

29

62

111

175

365

J, 400

NA

NA

11

20

28

.59

107

168

3.50

1,500

NA

NA

11

19

27

57

103

162

338

1,600

.N'A

.NA

10

18

26

55

99

156

326

1,700

NA

NA

10

18

25

53

96

151

315

1,8(K)

NA

NA

NA

17

24

52

93

147

306

1,900

NA

.NA

NA

17

24

50

90

143

297

2,000

NA

NA

NA

16

23

49

88

1.39

289

NA means a flow of less than 10 cfli.

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

"Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (.shtnvn), which has the smallest inside

diameter of the copper tubing products.

178

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-15

Table 12-15 Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing [NFPA Table 6.2(i)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

Less tlian 2.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

17.0in. w.c.

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Tube Size (in.)

Noxniiial:

K&L:

V*

%

V4

%

y«

\

VA

m

2

ACR:

%

>/4

%

%

%

IMt

1%

—

—

Outside:

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.875

1.125

1.375

1.625

2.125

Inside:*

0.305

0.402

0.527

0.652

0.745

0.995

1.245

1.481

1.959

Length (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

190

391

796

1,390

1.970

4,220

7,590

12,000

24.900

20

130

269

547

956

1,360

2,900

5,220

8,230

17,100

30

105

216

439

768

1,090

2,330

4.190

6,610

13,800

40

90

185

376

657

932

1,990

3,590

5,630

11,800

50

79

164

333

582

826

1,770

3,180

5,010

10,400

60

72

148

302

528

749

1,600

2,880

4,540

9,460

70

66

137

278

486

689

1,470

2,650

4,180

8,700

80

62

127

258

452

641

1,370

2,460

3,890

8,090

90

58

119

243

424

601

1,280

2,310

3,650

7,590

100

55

113

229

400

568

1,210

2,180

3,44(J

7.170

123

48

100

203

355

503

1,080

1,940

3,050

6,360

150

44

90

184

321

4.56

974

1,750

2,770

5,760

175

40

83

169

296

420

896

1,610

2,540

5,300

200

38

77

157

275

390

834

1,500

2,370

4,930

250

33

69

140

244

346

739

1,330

2,100

4,370

300

30

62

126

221

313

670

1,210

1,900

3,960

350

28

57

116

203

288

616

1,110

1,750

3,640

400

26

53

108

189

268

573

1,030

1,630

3,390

450

24

50

102

177

252

538

968

1,530

3,180

500

23

47

96

168

238

508

914

1,440

3,000

550

22

45

91

159

226

482

868

1,370

2.850

600

21

43

87

152

215

460

829

1,310

2,720

650

20

41

83

145

206

441

793

1,2.50

2,610

700

19

39

80

140

198

423

762

1,200

2,500

750

18

38

77

135

191

408

734

1,160

2,410

800

18

37

74

130

184

394

709

1,120

2,330

850

17

33

72

126

178

381

686

1,080

2,250

900

17

34

70

122

173

370

665

1,050

2,180

950

16

33

68

118

168

359

646

1,020

2,120

1,000

16

32

66

115

163

349

628

991

2,060

1,100

15

31

63

109

155

832

397

941

1,960

1,200

14

29

60

104

148

316

569

898

1.870

1,300

14

28

57

100

142

303

545

8m

1,790

1,400

13

27

35

96.

136

291

524

826

1,720

1,500

13

26

53

93

131

280

505

796

1,660

1,600

12

25

51

89

127

271

487

768

1,600

1.700

12

24

49

86

123

262

472

744

1,550

1,800

11

24

48

84

119

254

457

721

1,500

1,900

11

23

47

81

115

247

444

700

1,460

2,000

11

22

45

79

112

240

432

681

1,420

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

'Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside

diameter of the copper tubing products.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

179

Table 12-16

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-16 Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing [NFPA Table 6.2 (j)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

2.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

I.Opsi

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Tube Size (in.)

Nominal:

K&L:

Vi

%

'/4

'A

%

1

W*

m

2

ACR:

%

V2

%

%

'/&

VA

1%

—

—

Outside:

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.875

1.125

1.375

1.625

2.125

Inside:*

0.305

0.402

0.527

0.652

0.745

0.995

1.245

1.4«1

1.959

Length (ft)

Capacity in

Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

245

506

1,030

1,800

2,550

5,450

9,820

15,500

32,200

20

lf>9

348

708

1,240

1,760

3,750

6,750

10,600

22,200

30

135

279

568

993

1.410

3,010

5,420

8,550

17,800

40

116

239

486

850

1,210

2,580

4,6'10

7,310

15,200

50

103

212

431

754

1,070

2,280

4,110

6,480

13,500

60

93

192

391

683

969

2,070

3,730

5,870

12,200

70

86

177

359

628

891

1,900

3,430

5,400

11,300

80

80

164

3.34

584

829

1.770

3,190

5,030

10,500

90

75

154

314

548

778

1,660

2,990

4,720

9,820

100

71

146

296

518

735

1,.570

2,830

4.450

9,280

125

63

129

263

459

651

1,390

2,500

3,950

8,220

150

57

117

238

416

590

1,260

2,270

3,580

7,450

175

52

108

219

383

543

1,160

2,090

3,290

6,850

200

49

100

204

356

505

1,080

1,940

3,060

6,380

250

43

89

181

315

448

956

1,720

2,710

5,650

30O

39

80

164

286

406

866

1,560

2,460

5.120

350

36

74

150

263

373

797

1,4.30

2,260

4,710

400

33

69

140

245

347

741

1,330

2,100

4,380

450

31

65

131

230

326

696

1,250

1.970

4,110

500

30

61

124

217

308

657

1,180

1,870

3,880

550

28

58

118

206

292

624

1,120

1.770

3,690

600

27

55

112

196

279

595

1,070

1,690

3,520

650

26

53

108

188

267

570

1.030

1,620

3,370

700

25

51

103

181

256

548

986

1,550

3,240

750

24

49

100

174

247

528

950

1,500

3,120

800

23

47

96

168

239

510

917

1,450

3,010

850

22

46

93

163

231

493

888

1,400

2.920

900

22

44

90

158

224

478

861

1,360

2,830

950

21

43

88

153

217

464

836

1,320

2,740

1.000

20

42

85

149

211

452

813

1,280

2,670

i,l(K)

19

40

81

142

201

429

772

1,220

2,540

1,200

18

38

77

135

192

409

737

1,160

2,420

13(X>

18

36

74

129

183

392

705

1,110

2,320

1,400

17

35

71

124

176

376

678

1,070

2,230

1,500

16

34

68

120

170

363

653

1,030

2.140

1.600

16

33

66

116

164

350

630

994

2,070

IJOO

15

31

64

112

159

339

610

962

2,000

1.800

15

30

62

108

154

329

592

933

1,940

1,900

14

30

60

105

149

319

575

906

1,890

2.0(K)

14

29

59

102

145

310

559

881

1,830

Note: All table entries are rotmded to 3 significant digits.

^liible capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the sraallest inside

diameter of the copper tubing products.

180

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-17

Table 12-17 Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing [NFPA Table 6.2(k)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

2,0 psi

Pressure Drop:

1.5 psi

Specific Gravity:

0.60

SPF.CIAI. U.SE: Pipe .Si/ing Between Point of Deliver}- and tite House Line Regulator. Total Load Supplied by a
Single Hou.se Line Regulator Not tlxreeding 130 Clubir Feet pc r Hour.*

Tube Size (in.)

K&L:

V*

%

VI

%

y*

1

I'/i

IW

2

Nominal:

ACR:

y»

W

%

%

%

IH

1%

—

—

Outside:

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.875

1.125

1.375

1.625

2.125

Inside:*

0.305

0.402

0.527

0.632

0.745

0.995

1.245

1.481

1.959

Length (ft)

Capacity in

Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

303

625

1,270

2,220

3,150

6,740

12,100

19,100

39,800

20

208

430

874

1,530

2,170

4,630

8,330

1,3,100

27,400

30

167

345

702

1,230

1,740

3,720

6,690

10,600

22,000

40 .

143

295

601

1.050

1,490

3,180

5,730

9,030

18,800

50

127

262

532

931

.1.320

2,820

5,080

8,000

16,700

60

115

237

482

843

1,200

2.560

4,600

7,250

15,100

70

106

218

444

776

l,l(K)

2,350

4,230

6,670

13,900

SO

98

203

413

722

1.020

2,190

3.940

6,210

12,900

90

92

190

387

677

961

2,050

3,690

5,820

12,100

100

87

180

366,

640

907

1,940

3,490

5,500

ll..,500

125

77

159

324

567

804

1.720

3.090

4,880

10,200

150

70

144

294

514

729

1,560

2,800

4,420

9.200

175

64

133

270

472

670

1,430

2,580

4,060

8,460

200

60

124

252

44.0

624

1,330

2,4(K)

3,780

7,870

250

53

110

223

390

553

1,180

2.130

3,350

6,980

300

48

99

202

353

501

1,070

1.930

3,040

6,320

350

44

91

186

325

461

984

1,770

2,790

5,820

400

41

85

173

802

429

916

1.650

2,600

5,410

450

39

80

162

283

402

859

1.550

2,440

5.O80

500

36

75

153

268

380

811

1,460

2,300

4,800

550

,35

72

14.6

254

361

771

1.390

2,190

4,560

600

33

68

139

243

344

735

1.320

2.090

4.350

650

32

65

1,33

232

330

704

1,270

2,000

4,160

700

30

63

128

223

317

676

1,220

1,920

4,000

750

29

60

123

215

305

652

1,170

1.850

3,850

800

28 .

58

119

208

295

629

1,130

1,790

3,720

850

27

57

115

201

285

609

1.100

1,730

3,600

9(K)

27

.55

111

195

276

590

1.060

1,680

3,490

950

26

53

108

189

268

573

1,030

1,630

3,390

1,000

25

52

105

184

261

5.58

1,000

1,380

3,300

1,100

24

49

100

175

248

,5.30

954

1,500

3,130

1,200

23

47

95

167

237

505

910

1,430

2,990

1.300

22

45

91

160

227

484

871

1,370

2,860

1,400

21

43

88

153

218

463

837

1,.320

2,7.50

1,500

20

42

85

148

210

448

806

1,270

2,650

1,600

19

40

82

143

202

432

779

1,230

2,560

1,700

19

39

79

138

196

419

753

1,190

2,470

1,800

18

38

77

134

190

406

731

1,150

2,400

1,900

18

37

74

130

184

394

709

1,120

2,330

2,000

17

36

72

126

179

383

690

1,090

2,270

Note: All table entries aie rounded to 3 significant digits,

*Tab)e capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside
diameter of the copper tubing products.

*Wlien this table is used to size the tubing upstream of a line pressure regulator, the pipe or tttbing down-
stream of the line pressure regulator shall be sized using a pressure drop no greater than 1 in. w.c.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

181

Table 12-18

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-18 Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing [NFPA Table 6.2(1)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

5.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

3.5 psi

Specific Gravi^

0.60

Tube Size (in.)

K&L:

.V4

ys

Vi

%

Vt

1

V/i

VA

2

Noniiiial:

ACR:

H

H

■%

¥a

%

l'/4

1%

— ■

—

Outside:

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.875

1.125

1.375

1.625

2.125

Inside:*

0.305

0.402

0.527

0.652

0.745

0.995

1.245

1.481

1.959

Length (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

511

1,050

2,140

3,750

5,320

11,400

20,400

32,200

67,100

20

351

724

1.470

2,580

3,650

7.800

14,000

22,200

46,100

30

282

582

1,180

2,070

2,930

6,270

11,300

17,800

37,000

40

241

498

1,010

1,770

2.510

5,.360

9,660

15,200

31,700

50

214

441

898

1,570

2,230

4,750

8,560

13,.50O

28,100

60

194

400

813

1,420

2,020

4,310

7,7.50

12,200

25,500

70

178

368

748

1,310

1,860

3,960

7,130

11,200

2.3,400

80

166

342

696

1,220

1,730

3,690

6,640

10,500

21.800

90

156

321

653

1.140

1,620

3,460

6,2.30

9,820

20,400

100

147

303

617

1,080

1,530

3,270

5,880

9,270

19,300

125

130

269

547

955

1.360

2,900

5,210

8,220

17,100

150

118

243

495

866

1,230

2,620

4.720

7,450

15,500

175

109

224

456

796

1,130

2,410

4,350

6,850

14,300

200

101

208

424

741

1.050

2.250

4,040

6,370

13,.300

250

90

185

376

657

932

1,990

3,580

5,650

11,800

300

81

167

340

595

844

1,800

3,250

5,120

10.700

350

75

154

313

547

777

1,660

2,990

4,710

9,810

400

69

143

291

50<>

722

1,540

2.780

4,380

9,120

450

65

134

273

478

678

1,450

2,610

4,110

8,560

5(K)

62

127

258

451

640

1,370

2,460

3,880

8,090

550

58

121

245

429

608

1,300

2.340

3,690

7,680

600

56

115

234

409

.580

1,240

2,230

3,520

7.330

650

53

110

224

392

556

1,190

2,140

3,370

7,020

700

51

106

215

376

534

1,140

2,0.50

3,240

6,740

750

49

102

207

362

514

1,100

1,980

.3,120

6,490

800

48

98

200

350

497

1,060

1,910

3,010

6,270

850

46

93

194

339

481

1,0.30

1,8.50

2,910

6,070

900

45

92

188

328

466

1,000

1,790

2,820

5.880

950

43

90

182

319

452

967

1,740

2,740

5,710

1,000

42

87

177

310

440

940

1,690

2,670

5,560

1,100

40

83

169

295

418

893

1,610

2,530

5,280

1,200

38

79

161

281

399

8.52

1.5,30

2,420

5,040

1,300

37

76

154

269

382

816

1,470

2,320

4,820

1,400

35

73

148

259

.367

784

1,410

2,220

4,6.30

1,5(X»

34

70

143

249

.353

755

1,360

2,140

4,460

1,600

33

68

138

241

.341

729

1,310

2,070

4.310

1,700

32

65

133

233

330

705

1,270

2,000

4,170

1,800

31

63

129

226

320

684

1,230

1,940

4,040

1,900

30

62

125

219

311

664

1,200

1,890

3,930

2,000

29

60

122

213

802

646

1,160

1,830

3,820

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digitus.

"Table capadtTe,s are based on T>'pe K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside

diameter of the copper tubing products.

182

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-19 -Table 12-20

Table 12-19 Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST) [NFPA Table 6.2(m)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

Less than 2 psl

Pressarc Drop:

0.5 in. w.

c

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Tube Size (EHD)*

How Designation:

13

15

18

19

23

25

30

31

37

46

48

„

62

Length (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Mour

5

46

63

115

1S4

225

270

471

546

895

1,790

2,070

3,660

4,140

10

32

44

82

95

161

192

330

383

6.39

1,260

1,470

2,600

2,930

15

25

35

6(i

77

132

IS-

267

310

524

1,030

1.200

2,140

2,400

20

Ti

31

58

67

116

IS?

231

269

■156

888

1,050

1,850

2,080

25

19

27

52

60

104

122

206

240

409

793

9,36

1,660

1,860

30

18

25

47

53

96

112

188

218

374

723

856

1,320

1,700

40

15

21

41

47

83

97

162

188

,325

625

742

1„320

1,470

m

13

19

.S7

42

7.5

87

144

IBS

25)2

5.59

665

1,180

1,320

60

12

17

34

38

68

80

131

153

267

509

608

1,080

1,200

70

11

16

31

36

63

74

121

141

248

471

563

l.OflO

1.110

80

10

15

29

33

60

69

113

132

232

440

527

940

1,040

90

10

M

28

.92

.57

m

107

125

219

415

498

887

983

UK)

9

13

26

.30

54

62

toi

118

208

393

472

843

933

150

7

10

20

23

42

48

78

91

171

320

387

691

762

200

6

9

18

21

38

44

71

82

148

277

336

mi

661

250

5

8

le

19

34

39

63

74

1.33

247

301

338

."iOl

.«MH)

5

7

1.5

17

32

36

57

67

9.5

226

275

492

.540

*EHD = Equi^'alent Hydraulic Diameter, which h a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between

different luhing sizes. The greater the vahie of El ID, (;lie greater the gas capacity of tite lulling.

Notes;

(1) Table includes losses for four 90 degree bends and two end fitungs. Tubing nins with latter numbers of
bends and/or fittings shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equadon: /, = 1 Sti,
where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings and/or bends.

(2) All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

Table 1 2-20 Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST) [NFPA Table 6,2(n)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Presisure:

Less than 2 psi

Pressure Drop:

3.0 in. W.C.

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Tube Size (EHD)*

Flow Designation:

1$

15

18

19

23 25

30

31

37

46 48

60

62

Length (ft)

Capadty^ in Cubic Feet of C

rasper Ho

ur

.5

120

160

277

327

529

649

1,180

1,370

2,140

4,430

5,010

8.800

10,100

10

S3

112

197

231

380

462

828

958

1,530

3.200

3,560

6.270

7,160

15

67

90

161

189

313

379

673

778

1,250

2„540

2,910

5,140

5,8.50

20

57

78

140

164

273

329

580

672

1,090

2,200

2.,530

4,460

5,070

25

51

69

125

147

245

295

,518

.599

978

1,960

2,270

4,000

4.540

30

46

63

115

134

225

270

471

546

895

1,790

2,070

3,660

4,140

40

39

54

100

116

196

234

407

471

778

1,550

1,800

3,180

3,590

50

35

48

89

104

176

210

363

421

698

1,380

1,610

2,8.50

3,210

60

32

44

82

95

161

192

330

383

639

1,260

1,470

2,600

2,930

70

29

41

76

88

1.50

178

306

.355

593

1,170

1,360

2,420

2,720

80

27

38

71

82

141

167

285

831

555

1,090

1,280

2,260

2,540

«)

26

36

67

77

133

157

268

311

524

1,030

1,200

2,140

2,400

100

24

34

63

73

126

149

254

295

498

974

1,140

2,030

2,280

150

19

27

52

60

104

122

206

240

409

793

9.36

1,660

1,860

200

17

23

45

52

91

106

178

207

355

686

812

1,440

1,610

2.50

15

21

40

46

82

95

1,59

184

319

613

728

1,290

1,440

300

13

19

37

42

75

87

144

168

234

559

665

1,180

1,320

*EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a tneasure of the relative liydraulic efficiency bettveen

different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

Notes:

(1) Table includes losses for four 90 degree bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of
l>ends and/or fittings shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: /., = 1 .3 n,
where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings and/or bends.

(2) All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

183

Table 12-21 -Table 12-22

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-21 Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST) [NFPA Table 6.2(o)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

Less than 2 psi

Fressiwre Brop:

6.0 in. w.c.

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Tube Size (EHD)*

Flow Designation:

13

18

19

23

25

30

"

37

46

48

60

62

Lengrt>(ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

5

173

229

389

461

737

911

1.690

1.950

3,000

8,280

7,050

12.400

14,260

JO

120

160

277

327

529

649

1,180

1,370

• 2,140

4.430

5,010

8,800

10,100

15

9(i

130

227

267

436

532

960

1,110

1,760

3,610

4,i00

7,210

8,260

20

S$

112

197

231

380

462

828

958

1.330

3,120

3.360

6.270

7,160

25

74

99

I7fi

207

342

414

739

855

1,370

2,790

3,190

5,620

6,400

i«)

67

00

Mil

189

313

379

673

778

1.250

2,.540

2,910

.5.140

5,850

40

37

78

140

164

273

329

580

672

1,090

2,200

2,530

4,4(iO

5,070

r>o

31

69

123

147

243

295

518

599

978

1,960

2,270

4,000

4,540

so

46

63

115

134

225

270

471

546

895 ■

1,790

2,070

3,660

4,140

70

42

58

i06

124

209

250

435

505

830

1,660

1,920

3,.390

3,840

80

39

54

lOO

116

196

234

407

471

778

1,550

1,800

3,180

3,590

90

37

5!

9-1

109

!85

221

383

444

735

1,460

1.700

3.000

3,390

IQO '

35

48

89

104

176

210

363

421

698

1,380

1,610

2,8:'>0

3,210

150

28

39

73

83

143

172

294

342

373

1,130

1.320

2,340

2,630

200

24

34

63

73

126

149

254

295

498

974

1,140

2,030

2,280

250

21

30

57

66

114

134

226

263

447

870

1,020

1,820

2.040

300

19

27

52

60

104

122

206

240

409

793

956

1,660

1,860

"EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydrauHc efficiency txitwcen

different mbing sizes. The greater the value of EIID, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

Notes:

(1) Table includes losses for four 9()-<iegree tx;nds and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of
bends and/or fittings .shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: L= X .3n,
where £is addiliona! length (ft) of tubing and nis the number of additional fittings and/or bends.

(2) All table entries are rounded to ,? significant digits.

Table 12-22 Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST) [NFPA Table 6.2(p)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

2.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

1.0 psi

Spedftc Gravity!

0.60

Tube Size (EHB)*

How Designation:

13

15

18

19

23

25

30

31

37

46

48

60

62

Length (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

270

353 '

587

700

1,100

1,370

2,590

2,990

4,510

9,600

10,700

18.600

21,600

25

166

220

374

444

709

876

1,620

1,870

2,890

6,040

6,780

11,900

1.3.700

30

151

200

342

405

650

801

1,480

1,700

2.640

5,510

6,200

10,900 .

12,500

40

129

172

297

351

567

696

1,270

1,470

2,300

4,760

5,380

9,440

10,900

50

115

154

266

314

510

624

1,140

1,310

2,060

4,260

4,820

8,470

9,720

75

03

124

218

257

420

512

922

1,070

1,690

3,470

3,950

6,940

7,940

80

89

120

211

249

407

496

892

1,030

1,640

3.360

3,820

6,730

7,690

100

79

107

189

222

.366

445

795

920

1,470

3,000

3,420

6.030

6,880

1.50

64

87

155

182

302

364

646

748

1,210

2,440

2,800

4,940

5,620

200

55

75

135

157

263

317

557

645

1.050

2,110

2,430

4,290

4,870

250

49

67

121

141

2.36

284

497

576

941

1,890

2,180

.3,850

4,360

300

44

61

110

129

217

260

453

525

862

1,720

1,990

3,520

3,980

400

38

52

96

111

189

225

390

453

749

1,490

1,730

3,060

3.450

500

34

46

86

](X)

170

202

348

404

552

1,330

1,550

2,740

S.OilO

*EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of tlie relative hydraulic efRciency between

different tubing sizes. The greater the vahte of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the mbing.

Notes:

(1) Table does not include effect of pressure drop across the Une regulator. Where regulator loss exceeds
% psi, do not usethis table. Ck)nsult with regulator manufacturer for pressure drops and capacity factors.
Pressure drops across a regulator may vary willi flow rate.

(2) CAUTION: C«»pacities sho^vn in table may exceed maximum capacit}' for a selected regulator. Consult
with regulator or tubing manufacturer for guidance.

{3) Table Includes losses lor fbur 90<legrec bends and two end fitdngs. Tubing nins with larger niunber of
bends and/or fittings shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing according to the following equa-
tion: L ~ 1.3ft, where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is tlie number of additional fittings and/or
bends.
(4) All table entries are rounded to 3 .significant digits.

184

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-23 -Table 12-24

Table 12-23 Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST)

[NEPA Table 6.2(q):

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

5.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

3.5 psi

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Tube Size (EHD)*

Flow Designation:

13

IS

18

19

23

25

30

31

37

46

48

60

62

I>ength (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

523

674

1,080

1,300

2.000

2,530

4,920

5,660

8,300

18,100

19,800

34,400

40,400

25

322

420

691

827

1,290

1,620

3,080

3,540

5,310

11,400

12,600

22,000

25,600

30

292

382

632

755

1,180

1,480

2,800

3,2,30

4,860

10,400

M,.500

20,100

23,400

40

251

329

549

654

1,030

1,280

2.420

2,790

4.230

8,970

10,000

17,400

20.200

50

223

293

492

586

926

1,150

2,160

2,490

3,790

8,020

8,930

15,6(H)

18,100

75

180

238

403

479

763

944

1,7.50

2,020

3,110

6,.530

7,320

12,800

14,800

80

174

230

391

463

740

915

1,690

1,960

3,020

6,320

7,090

12.400

14,300

100

154

205

350

415

665

820

1,510

1,740

2,710

5,650

6,350

11,100

12,800

150

124

166

287

339

548

672

1.230

1,420

2,220

4,600

5,200

9,130

10,500

200

107

143

249

294

478

584

1,060

1.220

1,930

3,980

4,510

7,930

9,090

250

95

128

223

263

430

524

945

1,090

1,730

3,,550

4,040

7,110

8,140

300

86

116

204

240

394

479

860

995

1,590

3,240

3.690

6,500

7,430

4(K)

74

100

177

208

343

416

742

858

1,380

2,800

3,210

5,650

6,440

500

66

89

159

186

309

373

662

766

1,040

2,500

2,870

5,060

5,760

*EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between

different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the ga.s capacity of the tubing.

Notes;

(1) Table does not include effect of pressure drop across line regulator. Wliere regulator loss exceeds 1 psi,
do not use this table. Consult with regulator mamifactiirer for pressure drops and capacity factors. Pres.sure
drop across regulator may v-ary with the flow rate.

(2) C!IAUTION: Capacities shown in table may exceed maximum capacity of selected regulator. Consult with
tubing manufacturer for guidance.

(3) Table includes losses for four 90-degree bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of
bends and/or fittings shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: L = I. 'in,
where /. is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings and/or bends.

(4) All table entries are rounded to 3 significant tligits.

lable 12-24 Folyethylene Flastic Tipe [NFPA Table 6.2(r)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

I.£ss than 2 psi

Pressure Drop:

0.3 in. w.c.

Speciflc Gravity:

0.60

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal OD:

W

»/4

I

VA

1V4

2

Designation:

SDR 9.83

SDR 11.0

SDR 11.00

SDR 10.00

SDR 11.00

SDR 11.00

Actual ID:

0.660

0.860

1.077

1.328

1.554

1.943

Lei^ltfa (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

153

,305

551

955

1,440

2,590

20

105

210

379

656

991

1,780

30

84

169

.%4

.527

796

1,4.30

40

72

144

260

451

681

1,220

50

64

128

231

400

604

1,080

60

58

116

209

362

547

983

70

53

107

192

333

503

904

80

50

99

179

310

468

841

90

46

93

168

291

439

789

100

44

88

159

275

415

745

125

39

78

141

243

368

661

150

35

71

127

221

333

.598

175

32

65

117

203

306

551

200

30

60

109

189

285

512

250

27

54

97

167

253

4.54

300

24

48

88

152

229

411

350

22

45

81

139

211

378

400

21

42

75

130

196

352

450

19

39

70

122

184

330

18

37

66

115

174

312

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

185

Table 12-25

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-25 Polyethylene Plastic Pipe [NFPA Table 6.2(s)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

Less than 2 psd

Pressure Drop:

0.5 in. w.c.

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal OD:

V4

V4

1

VA

IM.

2

Designation:

SDR 9.33

SDR 1 1.0

SDR 11.00

SDR 10.00

SDR 11.00

SDR 11.00

Actual ID:

0.660

0.860

1.077

1.328

1.554

1.943

Length (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

201

403

726

1.260

1,900

3,410

20

138

277

499

865

1,310

2,350

30

111

222

401

695

1,050

1,880

40

95

190

343

594

898

1,610

50

84

169

304

527

796

1,430

60

76

153

276

477

721

1,300

70

70

140

254

439

663

1,190

80

65

131

236

409

617

1,110

90

61

123

221

383

579

1,040

100

58

116

209

362

547

983

125

51

103

185

321

485

871

150

46

93

lf)8

291

439

789

175

43

86

154

268

404

726

200

40

80

144

249

376

675

250

35

71

127

221

333

598

300

32

64

115

200

302

542

350

29

59

106

184

278

499

400

27

55

m

171

258

464

450

26

51

93

160

242

435

500

24

48

88

152

229

411

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

186

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-26

Table 12-26 Polyethylene Plastic Pipe [NFPA Table 6.2(t)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

2.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

I.Opsi

Specific Graivi^

0.60

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal OD:

V4

%

1

VA

IW

2

Designation:

SDR 9.33

SDR 11.0

SDR 11.00

SDR 10.00

SDR 11.00

SDR 11.00

Actual ID:

0.660

0.860

1.077

1.328

1.554

1.943

Length (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

1.860

3,720

6,710

11,600

17,600

31,600

20

1,280

2,560

4,610

7,990

12,100

21,700

30

1,030

2.050

3,710

6,420

9,690

17,400

40

878

1,760

3,170

5,490

8,300

14,900

30

778

1,560

2,810

4,870

7,350

13,200

60

705

1,410

2,550

4,410

6,660

J2,000

70

649

1,300

2.340

4,060

6,130

11,000

80

603

1,210

2,180

3,780

5,700

10,200

90

566

1,130

2,050

3,540

5,350

9,610

100

535

1,070

1,930

3,350

5,050

9,080

125

474

949

1,710

2,970

4,480

8.050

150

429

860

1,550

2,690

4,060

7,290

175

395

791

1,430

2,470

3,730

6,710

200

368

736

1,330

2,300

3,470

6,240

250

326

652

1,180

2,040

3,080

5,530

300

295

591

1,070

1,850

2,790

5,010

350

272

544

981

1,700

2,570

4,610

400

253

506

913

1,580

2,390

4,290

450

237

475

856

1,480

2,240

4.020

500

224

448

809

1,400

2,120

3,800

550

213

426

768

1,330

2,010

3,610

600

203

406

733

1.270

1,920

3,440

650

194

889

702

1,220

1,840

3,300

700

187

374

674

1,170

1,760

3,170

750

180

360

649

1,130

1,700

3,050

800

174

348

627

1,090

1,640

2,9.50

850

168

336

607

1,050

1,590

2,850

900

163

326

588

1,020

1.540

2,770

950

1.58

317

572

990

1,500

2,690

1.000

154

308

556

963

1,450

2,610

1,100

146

293

528

915

1,380

2,480

1.200

139

279

504

873

1,320

2,370

1,300

134

267

482

836

1,260

2.270

1,400

128

257

463

803

1,210

2,180

1,500

124

247

446

773

1,170

2,100

1,600

119

239

431

747

1,130

2,030

1,700

115

231

417

723

1.090

1,960

1,800

112

224

404

701

1.060

1,900

1,900

109

218

393

680

1,030

1,850

2,000

106

212

382

662

1.000

1,800

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA-
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

187

Table 12-27 -Table 12-28

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-27 Polyethylene Plastic Tubing
[NFPA Table 6.2(u)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

Less than 2.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

0.3 in. w.c.

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Plastic Tubing Size (CTS)* (in.)

Nominal OD:

1/2

%

Designation:

SDR 7.00

SDR 11.00

Actual ID:

0.445

0.927

Length (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

54

372

20

37

256

30

30

205

40

26

176

50

23

156

60

21

141

70

19

130

80

18

121

90

17

113

100

16

107

125

14

95

150

13

86

175

12

79

200

11

74

226

10

69

250

NA

65

275

NA

62

300

NA

59

350

NA

54

400

NA

51

450

NA

47

500

NA

45

Table 12-28 Polyethylene Plastic Tubmg

[NFPA Table 6.2(v)]

Gas:

Natural

Inlet Pressure:

IjesH than 2.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

0.5 in. w.c.

Specific Gravity:

0.60

Plastic Tubing Size (CTS)* (in.)

Nominal OD:

Vt

Va

Designation:

SDR 7.00

SDR 11.00

Actual ID:

0.445

0.927

Length (ft)

Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour

10

72

490

20

49

337

30

39

271

40

34

232

50

30

205

60

27

186

70

25

171

80

23

159

90

22

149

100

21

141

125

18

125

150

17

113

175

15

104

200

14

97

225

13

91

250

12

86

275

11

82

300

11

78

350

10

72

400

NA

67

450

NA

63

500

NA

59

*CTS = Copper tube size.

NA means a flow of less than 10 cfti.

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

*CTS = Ckjpper tube size.

NA means a flow of less than 10 cfli.

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

188

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-29

Table 12-29 Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe [NFPA Table 6.3(a)]

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Gas:

Inlet Pressure:

Pressure Drop:

Specific Gravity:

Undiluted Propane

10.0 psi

1.0 psi

1.50

SPKCIAl. l.'SK: Pipe Siriiit; Belwet-n iMt.sl Stajre (High Pressuro Kcgtilafor) and Second Slu^c (Low Pressure Rff;ulatt>r)

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal

1

Inside:

•A

%

1

VA

VA

2

m

.3

4

Actual:

0.622

0.824

1.049

1.380

1.610

2.067

2.469

3.068

4.026

Length (ft)

Capacity in Tliousands of Btu

per Hour

10

3,320

6,950

13,100

26,900

40,.300

77,600

124,000

219,000

446,000

20

2,280

4,780

9,000

18,500

27,700

53,300

85,000

150,000

306,000

30

1,830

3,840

7,220

14,8(K)

22,200

42,800

68,200

121,(K)0

246,000

40

1,570

3,280

6,180

. 12,700

19,000

36,600

58,400

103,000

211,000

50

1,390

2,910

5,480

11,300

16,900 .

32,.5O0

51,700

91,500

187.000

60

1,260

2,640

4,970

10,200

15,300

29,400

46,900

82,900

169.000

70

1,160

2,430

4.570

9,380

14,100

27,100

43,100

76,300

156,000

80

1,080

2,260

4,250

8,730

13.100

. 25,200

40,100

70,900

145.000

90

1,010

2,120

3,990

8,190

12,300

23,600

37,700

66,600

136,000

100

956

2,000

3.770

7,730

11,600

22,300

35,600

62,900

128,000

125

848

1,770

,3,340

6,850

10,300

19,8(W

31,500

55,700

114.000

150

768

1,610

3,020

6,210

9,300

17,900

28,600

50,500

103,000

175

706

1.480

2,780

5,710

8,560

16,500

26,300

46,500

94,700

200

657

1,370

2,590

5,320

7,960

15,300

24,400

43,200

88,100

250

582

1,220

2,290

4,710

7,060

13,600

21,700

3f!,.300

78,100

m)

528

1,100

2,080

4,270

6,400

12,.3(K)

19,600

34,700

70,800

350

486

1,020

1,910

3,930

5,880

11, .300

18,100

31,900

65,100

400

452

945

1,780

3,650

5,470

10,5(K)

16,800

29,700

60,600

450

424

886

1,670

8,430

.5,140

9,890

15,800

27,900

56,800

500

400

837

1,580

3,240

4,850

9,340

14,900

26,300

53,700

550

380

795

1,500

3,070

4,610

8,870

14.100

25,000

51,000

600

363

759

1,430

2,930

4,400

8,460

13,500

23,900

48.600

650

347

726

1,370

2,810

4,210

8,110

12.900

22,800

46,600

700

334

698

1.310

2,700

4,040

7,790

12,400

21,900

44,800

730

321

672

1,270

2,600

3,900

7,500

12.000

21,100

43,100

800

310

649

1.220

2,510

3,760

7,240

11,500

20,400

41,600

850

.300

628

1,180

2,430

3,640

7,010

11,200

19,800

40.300

900

291

609

1.150 ■

2,3t>0

3,530

6,800

10,800

19,200

39,100

950

283

.592

1,110

2,290

3,4.30

6.6(K)

10,500

18,600

37.900

1,000

275

575

1,080

2,230

3,330

6,420

10,200

18,100

36,900

1,100

261

546

1,030

2,110

3,170

6,100

9,720

17,200

35,000

1>200

249

521

982

2.020

3,020

5,820

9,270

16,400

33,400

1,300

239

4M

940

1,930

2,890

5,570

8,880

15,700

32,000

1,400

229

480

903

1,8.50

2,780

5,350

8,530

15,100

,30,800

1,500

221

462

870

1,790

2,680

5,160

8,220

14.500

29,600

1,600

213

446

840

1,730

2,590

4,980

7,940

14,000

28,600

1.700

206

432

813

1.670

2,500

4,820

7,680

13,600

27,700

1,800

200

419

789

1.620

2,430

4,670

7,450

13,200

26,900

1,900

194

407

766

1,570

2,360

4,540

7,230

12,800

26,100

2,000

189

395

745

1,530

2,290

4,410

7,030

12,400

25,400

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

189

Table 12-30

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-30 Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe [NFPA Table 6.3(b)]

Inlet Pressure:

Pressure Drop:

Specific Gravity:

Undiluted Propane

10.0 psi

3.0 psi

SPECIAL USK: Pipe Siring Between First Stasjc fHigh Pressure Kcgulator) and Second Staffc (I/>w Pressure Rej^ator)

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal

In.<;ide:

-^

»/4

1

VA

m

2

m

3

4

Actual:

0.622

0.824

1.049

1.380

i.610

2.067

2.469

3.068

4.026

Ijength (ft)

Capacity in

Thousands of Btu per Hour

10

5,890

12,300

23.200

47,600

71, .300

1,37.000

219,000

387,000

789,000

20

4,050

8,460

15,900

,32,700

49,000

94,400

150,000

266,000

543,000

30

.3,250

6,790

12,800

26,300

39,400

75,800

121,000

214,000

436,000

40

2,780

5,810

11,000

22,500

33,700

64,900

103,000

183,000

373,000

50

2,460

.5,150

9,710

19,900

29,900

.57,500

91,600

162,000

330,000

60

2,230

4,670

8,790

18,100

27,100

52,1(»

83,000

147,000

299,000

70

2,0.50

4,300

8,0<H)

16,600

24,900

47,900

76,400

135,000

275,<XK)

80

1,910

4,000

7,530

15,500

23,200

44,600

71,100

126,000

256,000

90

1,790

3,750

7,060

14,500

21,700

41,800

66,700

118,000

240,000

100

1,690

3,540

6,670

13,700

20,.500

39,500

63,000

111,000

227,000

125

1,500

3,140

5,910

12,100

18,200

35,(K)0

55,800

98.700

201,000

150

1,360

2,840

5,360

11,000

16,500

31,700

50.600

89,400

182,000

175

1,250

2,620

4,930

10,100

15,200

29,200

46,500

82,300

167,800

200

1,160

2,430

4,580

9,410

14,100

27,200

43,300

76,500

156,100

250

1,030

2,160

4,060

S.S'IO

12,500

24,100

38,400

67,800

138,400

.%0

9.35

1,950

3,680

7,560

11,300

21,800

.34,800

6],.500

125,400

.^50

860

1,800

3,.3go

6,950

10,400

20,100

.32,000

.56,.500

]1.5,.300

400

800

1,670

3,1.50

6,470

9,690

18,700

29,800

,52,600

I07,.300

450

751

1,570

2,960

6,070

9,090

17,500

27,900

49,400

100,700

500

709

1,480

2.790

5,730

8,590

16,500

26,400

46,600

95,100

.550

67.3

1,410

2,650

5.450

8,160

15,700

25,000

44,300

90,300

<»()

642

1,.340

2,5.30

5,200

7,780

15,0(X)

23,900

42,200

86,200

650

615

1,290

2,420

4,980

7,450

14,400

22,900

40,.500

82,.500

700

591

1,240

2,330

4,780

7,160

13,800

22,000

38,900

79,300

750

569

1,190

2,240

4,600

6,900

13,300

21,200

37,400

76,400

800

550

1,150

2,170

4,450

6,660

12,800

20,500

36,200

73,700

850

532

1,110

2,100

4,300

6,450

12,400

19,800

35,000

71, -m)

900

516

1,080

2,030

4,170

6,250

12,000

19,200

33,900

69,200

950

501

1,050

1,970

4,050

6,070

11,700

18,600

32.900

67,200

1,000

■ 487

1,020

1,920

3,940

5,900

11,400

18,100

32,000

65,400

1,100

46.3

968

1,820

3,740

5,610

10,800

17,200

-30,400

62,100

1,200

442

923

1,740

3,570

5,3.50

10,300

16,400

29,000

59,200

1,300

423

884

1,670

3,420

5,120

9.870

15,700

27,800

.56,700

1,400

406

849

1,600

3,280

4,920

9,480

15,100

26,700

54,500

1,500

391

818

1,540

3,160

4,740

9,130

14,600

25,700

52,.500

1/jOO

.378

790

1,490

3,060

4,580

8,820

14,100

24,800

50,700

1,700

.366

765

1,440

2,9(»

4,430

8,530

13.600

24,000

49,000

1,800

355

741

1,400

2,870

4,300

8,270

13,200

2.3,.300

47,600

1,900

.344

720

1,360

2,780

4,170

8,040

12,800

22,600

46,200

2,000

335

700

1,320

2,710

4,060

7,820

12,500

22,000

44,900

Note; All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

190

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-31

Table 12-31 Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe [NFPA Table 6.3(c)]

Gas:

Undiluted Prop

ane

Inlet Pressure:

2.0 psi

Pressure Drop;

1.0 psi

Spedfic Gravity:

1.50

Pipe Size (in.)

Nomina!:

V4

%

1

VA

m

2

214

3

4

Actual ID:

0.622

0.824

1.049

1.380

1.610

2.067

2.469

3.068

4.026

Length (ft)

Capacity in

Thousands of Btu per Hour

10

2,680

5,590

10,500

21.600

32,400

62,400

99,500

176.000

359,000

20

1,840

3,850

7.240

14,900

22,300

42,900

68,400

121,000

247,000

30

1,480

3,090

5,820

11,<K»0

17,9(K)

34,.500

54,900

97,100

198,000

40

1,260

2,640

4,980

10,200

15,300

29,500

47,000

83,100

170,000

50

1,120

2.340

4,410

9,060

13,600

26.100

41,700

73,700

150,000

60

1,010

2,120

4,000

8,210

12,300

23,700

37,7(K)

66,700

136,000

70

934

1,950

3,680

7,550

11,300

21.800

34,700

61,400

125,000

80

869

1,820

3,420

7,020

10,.500

20,300

32,300

.57,100

116,000

90

815

1,700

3,210

6,590

9,880

19,000

30,300

33,600

109,000

100

770

1,610

3,030

6,230

9,330

18,000

28,600

50,600

103,(M)0

125

682

1,430

2,690

5,520

8,270

15,900

25,400

44,900

91,500

!50

618

1,290

2,440

5.000

7,490

14,400

23,000

40,700

82,900

175

569

1,190

2,240

4,600

6,890

13,300

21,200

37,400

76,.30O

200

52<)

1,110

2,080

4,280

6,410

12,300

19,700

,34,800

71,0(K)

250

469

981

1,850

3,790

5,680

10,900

17,400

30,800

62,900

3(K)

425

889

1,670

3,440

5,150

9,920

15,8(K»

27,900

57.000

350

391

817

1.540

3,160

4,740

9,120

I4,5(K)

25,700

52,400

400

364

760

1,430

2,940

4.410

8,490

13,500

23,900

48,800

'450

341

714

1,340

2,760

4,130

7,960

12,700

22,400

45,800

500

322

674

1,270

2,610

3,910

7.520

12,000

21,200

43,200

550

306

640

1,210

2,480

3,710

7,140

ii,4(K>

20,100

41,100

600

292

611

1,130

2,360

3,540

6,820

10,900

19,200

39,200

650

280

585

1,100

2,260

3,390

6,530

10.400

18,400

37,500

700

269

562

1,060

2,170

3,260

6.270

9,990

17,700

36,000

750

259

541

1,020

2,090

3,140

6,040

9,6.30

17,000

34,700

800

250

523

985

2,020

3,030

5.830

9,300

16,400

33,500

850

242

506

933

1,960

2.930

5,640

9,000

15,900

32,400

900

235

490

924

1,900

2,840

. 5,470

8.720

15,400

31, .500

950

228

476

897

1,840

2,7«)

5,310

8,470

15,000

30,500

1,000

222

463

873

1,790

2,680

5,170

8,240

14,600

29,700

1.100

210

440

829

1,700

2,550

4,910

7,830

13,800

28,200

1,200

201

420

791

1,620

2,4.30

4,mo

7,470

13,200

26,900

1,300

192

402

7i>7

1,550

2,.330

4,490

7,1.50

12,600

25,8{H)

1,400

185

386

727

1,490

2,240

4,310

6,870

12,100

24,800

1300

178

372

701

1,440

2,160

4,150

6,620

11,700

23,900

1,600

172

359

677

1,.390

2,080

4,010

6,390

11,.300

23,000

1,700

166

348

655

1,340

2,010

3,880

6,180

10,900

22,300

1,8(X>

161

337

635

1.300

1,950

3,760

6,000

10,600

21,600

1,900

157

327

617

1,270

1,900

3.650

5.820

10,300

21,000

2,000

152

318

600

1,230

1,840

3,5,50

5,660

10,000

20,400

Note: All table entries are rotinded to 3 significant digits.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

191

Table 12-32

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-32 Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe [nfpa Table 6.3(d)]

Gas:

UndOutcd Propane

Inlet Pressure:

11.0in.w.c.

Pressure Drop:

0.5 in. w.c.

Specific Gravity:

1.50

SPECL'VL L'5E: Pipe Siung Between Single or SecoLid Stage iLow PivisNiire Regulator) and Appliance

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal

Inside:

V4

%

I

I'A

154

2

254

3

4

Actual:

0.622

0.824

1.049

1.380

1.610

2.067

2.469

3.068

4.026

Lei^ (ft)

Capacity in

Thousands of Blu per Hour

10

291

608

1,150

2,350

3,520

6,790

10,800

19,100

39,000

20

200

418

787

1,620

2,420

4,660

7,430

13,100

26,800

30

160

336

632

1,300

1,940

3,750

5,970

10,600

21,500

40

137

287

541

1.110

1,660

3,210

5,110

9,030

18,400

50

122

255

480

985

1,480

2,840

4,530

8,000

16,300

60

110

231

434

892

1,340

2,570

4,100

7,250

14,800

80

101

212

400

821

1,230

2,370

3,770

6,670

13,600

100

94

197

372

763

1,140

2,200

3,510

6,210

12,700

125

89

185

349

716

1,070

2,070

3,290

5,820

11,900

150

84

175

330

677

1,010

1,9.50

3,110

5,5(W

11,200

175

74

155

292

600

899

1,730

2.760

4,880

9,950

200

67

140

265

543

814

1,570

2,500

4,420

9,010

2i30

62

129

243

.500

749

1,440

2.300

4.060

8,290

300

58

120

227

465

697

1,340

2,140

3,780

7,710

350

51

107

201

412

618

1,190

1,900

3..350

6,840

400

46

97

182

373

560

1,080

1,720

3,040

6,190

450

42

89

167

344

515

991

1,580

2,790

5,700

500

40

83

156

320

479

922

1,470

2,600

5,300

550

37

78

146

300

449

865

1,380

2,-440

4,970

600

35

73

138

283

424

817

1,300

2,300

4,700

650

33

70

131

269

403

776

1,240

2,190 .

4,460

700

32 ,

66

125

257

386

741

1,180

2,090

4,260

750

30

64

120

246

368

709

1,130

2,000

4,080

800

29

61

115

236

354

681

1,090

1,920

3,920

850

28

59

Ml

227

341

656

1,050

1,850

3,770

?KK)

27

.57

107

220

329

634

1,010

1,790

3,640

950

26

55

104

213

319

613

978

1,730

3,530

1,0{K>

25

53

100

206

309

595

948

1,680

3,420

1,100

25

52

97

200

300

578

921

1,630

3,320

1,200

24

50

95

195

292

562

895

1,580

3,230

1,300

23

48

90

185

277

534

850

1,500

3,070

1,400

22

46

86

176

264

509

811

1,430

2,930

1,5TO

21

44

82

169

253

487

777

1,370

2,800

1,600

20

42

79

162

243

468

746

1,320

2,690

1,700

19

40

76

156

234

451

719

1,270

2,590

1,800

19

39

74

151

226

436

694

1,230

2,.500

1,900

18

38

71

146

219

422

672

1,190

2,420

2,000

18

37

69

142

212

409

652

1,150

2,350

Note: All table entries are rounded to ^ significant digits.

192

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-33

Table 12-33 Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing [NFPA Table 6.3(e)]

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
.NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Gas:

Inlet Pressure:

Pressure Drop:

Specific Gravily;

Undiluted Propane

lO.Opsi

1.0 psi

SPKCIAI. CSE: Tube Sizing Benvocn First Stage (High Pressure Repihitor) and Second Stage (Low Pres&ure Rcgul&tor)

Tube Size (in.)

K&L:

Vt

%

V4

%

V*

1

VA

VA

2

Nominal:

ACR:

%

V4

%

%

%

m

1%

—

—

Outside:

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.875

1.125

1.S75

1.625

2.125

Inside:"

0.305

0.402

0.527

0.652

0.745

0.995

1.245

1.481

1.959

Length (ft)

Capacity in Thousands of Btu per Hour

10

513

1,060

2,150

3,760

5,330

11.400

20,500

32,300

67,400

20

352

727

1,480

2,580

3,670

7,830

14,100

22,200

46,300

30

283

584

1,190

2,080

2,940

6,290

11,300

17,900

37.200

40

242

500

1,020

1.7S0

2.520

5,380

9,690

15.300

31,800

50

215

443

901

1,570

2,230

4,770

8,590

13,500

28.200

60

194

401

816

1,430

2,020

4,320

7,780

12,300

25,600

70

179

369

751

1.310

1,860

3,980

7,160

11,300

23,500

80

166

343

699

1,220

1,730

3,700

6,660

10,500

21,900

90

156

322

655

1,150

1,630

3,470

6,250

9.850

20,500

100

147

304

619

1,080

1,540

3,280

5,900

9.310

19,400

125

131

270

549

959

1,360

2,910

5,230

8,2.50

17,200

150

118

244

497

869

1,230

2,630

4,740

7,470

15,600

175

109

225

■ 457

799

1,130

2.420

4,360

6,880

14,.300

200

101

209

426

744

1,060

2,250

4,060

6,400

13,300

250

90

185

377

659

935

2,000

3,600

6,670

11,800

300

81

168

342

597

847

1,810

3,260

5,140

10,700

350

75

155

314

549

779

1,660

3,000

4,730

9,840

400

70

144

292

511

725

1,550

2,790

4,400

9,160

450

65

135

274

480

680

1,450

2.620

4,130

8,590

500

62

127

259

453

643

1,370

2,470

3,900

8,120

550

59

121

246

430

610

1,300

2,330

3,700

7,710

600

56

115

235

410

582

1,240

2,240

3,530

7,350

650

54

111

225

393

558

1,190

2,140

3,380

7,040

700

51

106

216

378

536

1,140

2,060

3,250

6,770

750

50

102

208

364

516

1.100

1,980

3,130

6,520

800

48

99

201

351

498

1,060

1,920

3,020

6.290

850

46

96

195

340

482

1,030

1,850

2,920

6,090

900

45

93

189

330

468

1,000

1,800

2,840

5.910

950

44

90

183

320

454

970

1,750

2,750

5,730

}xm

42

88

178

311

442

944

1,700

2,680

5,580

1,100

40

83

169

296

420

896

1,610

2,540

5,300

1,200

38

79

161

282

400

855

1,540

2,430

5,050

1,3<K)

37

76

155

270

383

819

1,470

2,320

4,840

1,400

35

73

148

260

368

787

1,420

2,230

4,650

1,500

34

70

143

250

355

758

1,360

2,150

4,480

1,«K)

33

68

138

241

343

732

1,320

2,080

4.330

1,700

32

66

134

234

331

708

1,270

2,010

4,190

1,800

31

64

130

227

321

687

1,240

1,960

4,060

1,900

30

62

126

220

312

667

1.200

1,890

3,940

2,000

29

60

122

214

304

648

1,170

1,840

3,830

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

*TabIe capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diiuiieter (shown) , which has the smallest inside

diameter of the copper tubing products.

193

Table 12-34

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Table 12-34 Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing [NFPA Table 6.3(f)]

Gas:

Undiluted Propane

Infet Pressure:

11.0in.%v.c.

Pressure Drop:

0.5 in. w.c.

Spedfic Gravity:

1.50

.SPr.CIAI. USK: Tube Siting livnt-ccn Single or Second Stage (Low Pressuiv Kcgulator) and Appliance

Tube Size (in.)

Nominal:

K&L:

'/*

%

V4

Vs

V*

1

VA

114

2

ACaR:

%

»/4

%

%

%

1V4

1%

—

—

Outside:

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.875

1.125

1.375

1.625

2.125

Inside:'

0.305

0.402

0.527

0.652

0.745

0.995

1.245

1.481

1.959

Lengtli (ft)

Capacity in Thousands of Btu per Hour

10

45

93

188

329

467

997

1,800

2,830

5,890

20

31

64

129

226

321

685

1,230

1,9.50

4,050

30

25

51

104

182

258

550

991

1,560

3,250

40

21

44

89

155

220

, 471

848

1,340

2,780

50

19

39

79

138

195

417

752

1,180

2,470

60

17

35

71

125

177

378

681

1,070

2,240

70

16

32

66

115

163

.348

626

988

2,060

80

15

30

61

107

152

324

583

919

1,910

90

14

28

57

100

142

.304

547

862

1.800

100

13

27

54

95

134

287

517

814

1,700

125

11

24

48

84

119

254

458

722

1.500

150

10

21

44

76

108

230

415

654

1,360

175

NA

20

40

70

99

212

382

602

1,250

200

NA

18

37

65

92

197

355

560

1,170

250

NA

16

33

58

82

175

315

496

1,030

300

NA

15

30

52

74

158

285

449

936

350

NA

14

28

48

68

146

262

414

861

400

NA

13

26

45

63

136

244

385

801

450

NA

12

24

42

60

127

229

361

752

500

NA

11

23

40

56

120

216

341

710

550

NA

11

22

38

53

114

205

324

674

600

NA

10

21

36

51

109

196

309

6-43

650

NA.

NA

20

34

49

104

188

296

. 616

700

NA

NA

19

33

47

100

180

284

592

750

NA

NA

18

32

45

96

174

274

570

800

NA

NA

18

31

44

93

168

264

551

850

NA

NA

17

30

42

90

162

256

. 533

900

NA

NA

17

29

41

87

157

248

517

950

NA

.NA

16

28

40

85

153

241

502

1,000

NA

NA

16

27

39

83

149

234

488

1,100

NA

NA

15

26

37

78

141

223

464

1,200

NA

NA

14

25

35

75

135

212

442

1,300

NA

NA

14

24

34

72

129

203

423

1,400

NA

NA

13

23

32

69

124

195

407

1,500

NA

NA

1$

22

31

66

119

188

392

1,600

NA

NA

12

21

30

64

115

182

378

1,700

NA

NA

12

20

29

62

112

176

366

1,800

NA

NA

11

20

28

60

108

170

355

1,900

NA

NA

11

19

27

58

105

166

845

2,000

NA

NA

11

19

27

57

102

161

335

NA means a flow of less than 10,000 Btu/hr.

Note: All table entries are rounded to S .significant digits.

"Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing in.side diameter (.shown), which has the smallest inside

diameter of the copper tubing products.

194

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-35

Table 12-35 Semi-Rigid Copper Tubing [NFPA Table 6.3(g)]

Gas:

Undiluted Propane

Inlet Pressure:

2.0 psi

Pj^ssure Drop:

1.0 psi

Specific Gravity:

1.50

Tube Size (in.)

Nominal:

K&L:

Vt

n

'A

%

%

1

VA

m

2

ACR:

%

V4

%

»/»

%

IH

m

—

—

Outside:

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.875

1.125

1.375

1.625

2.125

Inside:'

0.305

0.402

0.527

0.652

0.745

0.995

1.245

1,481

1.959

Length (ft)

Capacity in Thousands of Btu per Hour

10

413

852

1,730

3,030

4,300

9,170

16,500

26,000

54,200

20

284

585

1,190

2.O80

2,950

6,310

11,400

17,900

37,300

30

228

470

956

1,670

2,370

5,060

9,120

14,400

29,900

40

195

402

818

1,430

2,030

4,330

7,800

12,300

25,600

50

173

356

725

1,270

l.SOt)

3,840

6,920

10,900

22,700

60

157

323

657

1,150

1,630

3,480

6,270

9,880

20,()00

70

144

297

605

1,060

1.500

3,200

5,760

9,090

18.900

m

134

276

562

983

• 1,390

2,980

5,360

8.450

17,600

90

126

259

528

922

1,310

2,790

5.030

7,930

16,500

100

119

245

498

871

1,240

2.640

4,750

7,490

15,600

J25

105

217

442

772

1,100

2,340

4,210

6,640

13,800

150

95

197

400

700

992

2,120

3,820

6,020

12,500

175

88

181

368

644

913

1,950

3,510

5,540

11. .500

200

82

168

343

599

849

1,810

3,270

5,150

10,700

250

72

149

304

531

753

1,610

2,900

4,560

9,510

300

66

135

275

481

682

1,460

2,620

4,140

8,610

350

60

124

25S

442

628

1,340

2,410

3,800

7,920

400

56

116

235

41]

584

1,250

2,250

3,540

7,370

450

53

109

221

386

548

1,170

2,110

3,320

6,920

500

50

103

209

365

517

1,110

1,990

3,140

6,530

550

47

97

198

346

491

1,050

1,890

2,980

6.210

600

45

93

189

330

469

1,000

1,800

2,840

5,920

650

43

89

181

316

449

959

1,730

2,720

5,670

700

41

86

174

304

431

921

1,660

2,620

5,450

750

40

82

168

293

415

888

1,600

2,520

5,250

800

39

80

162

283

401

857

1,540

2,430

5,070

850

37

77

157

274

388

829

1,490

2,350

4,900

900

36

75

152

265

376

804

1,450

2,280

4,750

950

35

72

147

258

366

781

1,410

2.220

4,620

1,000

34

71

143

251

356

760

1,370

2,160

4,490

1,100

32

67

136

238

338

721

1,300

2,050

4,270

1,200

31

64

130

227

322

688

1,240

1,950

4,070

1,300

30

61

124

217

309

659

1,190

1,870

3,900

1,400

28

59

120

209

296

633

1,140

1,800

3,740

1,500

27

57

115

201

286

610

1,100

1,730

3,610

1,600

26

55

111

194

276

589

1,060

1,670

3.480

1,700

26

53

108

188

267

570

1,030

1,620

3,370

1,800

25

51

104

182

259

553

1,000

1,570

3,270

1,900

24

30

101

177

251

537

966

1,520

3,170

2,000

23

48

99

172

244

522

940

1.480

3,090

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

*Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside

diameter of the copper tubing products.

NFPA
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NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
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NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
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NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

195

Table 12-36 -Table 12-37

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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NFPA
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NFPA

Table 12-36 Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST) [NFPA Table 6.3(h)]

Gas:

Undiluted Propane

Inlet Pressure:

I1.0in.w.c.

Pressure Drop:

0.5 in. w.c.

Specific Gravity:

1.50

TubeS«e<EHD)*

Flow Designation:

13

15

18

19

23

25

30

31

37

46

48

60

62

Length (ft)

Capacity in Thousands of Btu per Hour

5

72

99

181

211

355

426

744

863

1,420

2,830

.3,270

5.780

6,.550

10

50

69

129

150

254

303

521

605

971

1,9^W

2,320

4,110

4,6^10

!,5

39

55

104

121

208

248

422

490

775

1,620

1,900

3,370

3.790

20

34

49

91

106

183

216

365

425

661

1,400

1,650

2,930

3.290

25

30

42

82

94

164

192

325

379

583

1.2,50

1,480

2,6.30

2,940

30

28

39

74

87

151

177

297

344

528

1,140

1,350

2.400

2,680

40

23

33

64

74

131

153

256

297

449

988

1.170

2,090

2,3.30

50

20

30

58

66

118

137

227

265

397

884

1,050

1,870

2,080

60

19

26

53

m

107

126

207

241

359

805

961

1,710

1,900

70

17

25

49

57

99

117

19!

222

330

745

890

1,590

1,760

80

1.5

23

■15

52

94

109

178

208

307

696

833

1,490

1,6,50

ao

15

22

44

50

90

102

169

197

286

656

787

1,400

1.530

100

14

20

41

47

85

98

159

186

270

621

746

1 ,330

1.480

150

11

15

31

36

66

75

123

143

217

506

611

1,090

1.210

2(K)

9

M

28

33

60

69

112

129

183

438

.531

948

1,0.50

250

8

12

25

30

53

61

99

117

163

390

476

8.50

934

300

8

11

23

26

50

57

90

107

147

3,57

434

777

854

*EHD = Equh'alent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between

different tubing .sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

Notes:

(J) Table includes losses for four 90 degree bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs wth larger numbers of

bends and/or fittings shall be increa,sed by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: L= I3n,

where £ is additional length (ft) of tubing and « is the number of additional titnngs and/or bends.

(2) All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

Table 12-37 Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST) [NFPA Table 6.3(i)3

Gas:

Undiluted

Propane

Inlet Pressure:

2.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

1.0 psi

Specific Gravity:

1.50

Tube Size (EH0)*

Flow Bedgnation:

13

15

18

19

23

25

30

31

37

46

48

60

62

Length (ft)

Cap

arity in Thousands of 1

Itu per Hov

LT

10

426

558

927

1,110

1,740

2,170

4,100

4,720

7,1.30

15,200

16,800

29,400

34,200

25

262

347

.591

701

1,120

1,380

2,560

2.950

4,560

9,5.50

10,700

18.800

21,700

SO

2.38

3! 6

540

640

1,0.30

1,270

2,.330

2,690

4,180

8,710

9,790

17,200

19.800

40

203

271

469

5.54

896

1,100

2,010

2,320

3,630

7,5.30

8,500

14,900

17,200

50

181

243

420

496

806

980

1,790

2,070

3,260

6,730

7,610

13,400

15,400

75

147

196

344

406

663

809

1,460

1,690

2,680

5,480

6.230

11.000

12,600

80

140

189

333

393

ftl3

768

1,110

1,630

2,590

5,300

6,010

10,(if)0

12.200

100

124

169

298

350

578

70,3

1,260

1,4.50

2,330

4,740

5.410

9,530

10,900

150

101

137

245

287

477

575

1,020

1.180

1,910

3,860

4,430

7.810

8,890

200

86

lis

213

248

415

.501

880

1,020

1,660

3,340

3,840

6,780

7,710

2.50

77

105

191

222

373

448

785

910

1,490

2,980

3.410

6,080

6,900

.300

69

96

1.73

203

343

411

716

829

:l„360

2,720

3.1,50

5,560

6,300

400

60

82

151

175

298

355

616

716

1,160

2,350

2,730

4,830

5,460

.500

53

72

1.35

158

268

319

550

6.38

1,0.30

2,100

2,450

4,3.30

4,880

*EHD = Equivaleiu Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic eflFiciency between

different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the giLS capacity of tlte tubing.

Notes:

(1) Table does not inchide efl'ecl of pressure drop across ihe line regulator. Where regulator loss exceeds
'/4 psi (based on 13 in. w.c. oudet pressure), do not use this table. Consult with regulator manufacturer for
pressure drops and capacity factors. lVes.sure drops acro,ss a regulator may rary with flow rate.

(2) CIAUTION: (Capacities shown in table may exceed maximum capacity for a selected regulator. Consult
with regnlator or tubing mantjfactiner for guidance.

(3) Taliie includes losstis for four 90 degree bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with latter number of
bends and/or fittings shall be increa.sed by an equivalent: length of tubing according to the following equa-
tion; L ~ 1 .3?}, where /, is additional |{::ngth (ft) of tubing and n is the runnber of additional fittings and/or
bends.

(4) All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digit.s.

196

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-38 -Table 12-39

Table 12-38 Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST) [NFPA Table 6.3(j)]

Gas:

Undauted

Propane

Inlet Pressure:

5.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

3.5 psi

Spcdlic GraviQi

1.50

Tube Size (EHD)*

Flow Designation:

n

15

18

19

23

25

30

31

37

46 1 48

60

S2

Length (ft)

Capacitj' in Tfaousands of Btti per H»ur

10

826

1,070

1,710

2,060

3,150

4,000

7,830

8,950

13,100

28.600

31,200

54,400

63,800

25

509

664

1,090

1,310

2,040

2.550

4,860

5,600

8,4,00

18,(K»

19,900

34,700

40,400

30

461

603

999

1,190

1.870

2,340

4,4.30

5,100

7,680

16,400

18,200

31,700

36,900

40

m>

520

867

1,0.30

1,630

2,030

3.820

4,400

6,680

14,200

15,800

27.600

32,000

50

352

463

777

926

1,400

1,820

3,410

3,930

S.SSW

12,700

14,100

24,7(XI

28,(M)0

75

284

376

637

737

1,210

1,490

2,770

3,190

4,920

10,300

11,600

20,300

23,400

80

275

363

6iS

731

1,170

1,450

2,680

3,090

4,770

9,990

11,200

19,600

22,700

too

243

324

5.53

656

1,0.50

l„300

2,390

2,760

4,280

8,9.30

10,000

17,«K)

20,300

150

196

262

453

535

866

1,060

1.940

2,240

3,510

7,270

8,210

14,400

16,600

200

160

226

393

464

755

923

1,680

. 1,930

3,050

6,2«»0

7,130

12,500

14,400

250

150

202

352

415

679

828

1,490

1,730

2,740

5,620

6,390

M,200

12,900

SOO

136

183

322

379

622

757

1,360

1,570

2,510

5.120

5,8-10

10,300

11.700

400

117

158

279

328

542

657

1,170

1,360

2,180

4,430

5,070

8,920

10,200

500

104

140

251

294

488

,589

i.050

1,2 !0

1,930

3,960

4,540

8,000

9,1 10

*EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efFiciency between

different tubing sizes. Tlie greater the vakie of EUD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

Notes:

(1) Table does not include effect of pressure drop across tlw; line regulator. Where regulator loss exceeds
V4 p.si (based on 13 in. w.c. outlet pressure), do not use this table. Consult with regulator manufacturer for
pres.sure drops and capacity factors. Pressure drops across a regulator may vaiy with flow rate.

(2) CAUTION: Ciipacities shown in table may exceed maximum capacity for a selected regulator. Conauh
with regulator or itihing manufacturer for guidance.

(S) Table includes losses for four 90 degree bends and two end fittings. Tubing riu>s-4vith larger number of
()ends and/or fittings .shatl be increased by an equivalent length of tubing according to the following equa-
tion: L = l.3n, where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and ;* is the number of additional fittings and/or
bends.
(4) All table entries are routided to 3 significant digits.

Table 12-39

Polyethylene Plastic Pipe [nfpa Table 6.3(k)]

Gas:

Undiluted Propane

Inlet Pressure:

11.0 in. w.c.

Pressure Drop:

0.5 in. w.c.

Specific Gravity:

1.50

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal OD:

•A

%

1

IV4

I'/S

2

Designation:

SDR 9.33

SDR 11.0

SDR 11.00

SDR 10.00

SDR 11.00

SDRH.OO

Actual ID:

0.660

0.860

1.077

1.328

1.554

1.943

I.ength (ft)

Capacity in lliousands of Btu per Hour

10

340

680

1,230

2,130

3,210

5,770

20

233

468

844

1,460

2.210

3,970

SO

187

.375

677

1,170

1,770

,3,180

40

160

.321

580

1,000

!,.520

2,730

50

142

285

514

890

1,340

2,420

60

129

258

466

807

1,220

2,190

70

119

2.37

428

742

1,120

2,010

80

110

221

398

690

1,040

1,870

90

103

207

374

&48

978

1,7(»

100

98

196

353

612

924

i,fm

125

87

173

313

542

819

1,470

1.50

78

1.57

284

491

742

1,330

175

72

145

261

4.52

683

1,2.30

200

67

135

243

420

635

1,140

250

60

119

215

373

563

1,010

300

54

108

19.5

338

510

916

360

50

99

179

311

469

843

4.00

46

92

167

289

436

784

450

43

87

157

271

409

736

500

41

82

148

2.56

.387

695

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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197

Table 12-40

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
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NFPA
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NFPA
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NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
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Table 12-40 Polyethylene Plastic Pipe [NFPA Table 6.3(1)]

Gas:

Undiluted Propane

Inlet Pressure:

2.0 psi

Pressure Drop:

1.0 psi

Specific Gravity:

1.50

Pipe Size (in.)

Nominal OD:

Mt

Y4

1

IVa

\^A

2

Designation:

SDR 9.33

SDR 11.0

SDR 11.00

SDR 10.00

SDR 11.00

SDR 11.00

Actual ID:

0.660

0.860

1.077

1.328

1.554

1.943

Length (ft)

Capacity in Thousands of Btu per Hour

10

3,130

6,260

11,300

19,600

29,500

53.100

20

2,150

4,300

7,760

1,3,400

20,300

36,5(K)

30

1,730

3.450

6,230

10,800

16,300

29.300

40

1,480

2.9()0

5,330 •

9,240

14,000

25,100

50

1,310

2,620

4,730

8,190

12,400

22,200

60

1,190

2,370

4,280

7,420

11.200

20,100

70

1,090

2.180

3,940

6,830

1O,.30O

18,500

80

1.010

2,030

3,670

6,350

9,590

17,200

90

952

1,910

3,440

5,960

9.000

16,200

100

899

1,800

3,250

5,630

8,.500

15,300

125

797

1,600

2,880

4,990

7,530

13,500

150

722

1,450

2,610

4,520

6,8.30

12,300

175

664

1.330

2,400

4,160

6,280

11,300

200

618

1,240

2,230

3,870

5,840

10,500

250

548

1,100

1,980

3,430

5,180

9.300

300

496

994

1,790

3,110

4,690

8,430

350

457

914

1,650

2,860

4,320

7.760

400

425

851

1,530

2,660

4,020

7,220

450

3il9

798

1,440

2,500

3,770

6,770

500

.^77

754

1,360

2.360

3,560

6,390

550

358

716

1,290

2,240

3,380

6,070

600

341

683

1,230

2,140

3,220

5,790

650

327

654

1,180

2,040

3,090

5,550

700

314

628

1,130

1,960

2,970

5,.330

750

302

605

1,090

1.890

2,860

5,140

800

292

585

1,050

1,830

2,760

4,960

850

283

566

1,020

1,770

2,670

4,800

900

274

549

990

1,710

2,590

4,650

950

266

5.33

961

1,670

2,.520

4,.520

1,000

259

518

935

1,620

2,450

4,400

1.100

246

492

888

1,540

2,320

4,170

1,200

2.34

470

847

1,470

2,220

3,980

1,300

225

450

811

1,410

2,120

3,810

1,400

216

432

779

1.350

2,040

3.660

1,500

208

416

751

1,300

1,960

3,530

1,600

201

402

725

1,260

1,900

3,410

1,700

194

389

702

1,220

1,840

3,300

1,800

188

377

(580

1,180

1,780

3,200

1,900

183

366

661

1,140

1,730

3,110

2,000

178

356

643

1,110

1,680

3,020

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

198

FUEL PIPING

Table 12-41

Table 12-41 Polyethylene Plastic Tubing

[NFPA Table 6.3(m)]

Gas:

Undiluted Propane

Inlet Pressure:

II.O in. w.c.

Pressure Drop:

0.5 in. w.c

Specific Gravity:

1.50

Plastic Tubing Size <CTS) (in.)

Nominal OD:

V^

3/4

Designadon:

SDR 7.00

SDR 11.00

Actual ID:

0.445

0.927

Length (ft)

Capaci^ in Thousands of Btu per Hour

10

121

828

20

83

569

30

67

457

40

57

391

60

51

347

60

46

314

70

42

289

80

39

269

90

37

252

100

35

238

125

31

211

150

28

191

175

26

176

200

24

164

225

22

154

250

21

145

275

20

138

300

19

132

350

18

121

400

16

113

450

15

106

500

15

100

Note: All table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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199

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

200

CHAPTER 13

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

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Part I - Special Requirements for
Health Care Facilities.

1301.0 Application.

1301.1 Construction and equipment requirements
shall be applied only to new construction and new
equipment, except as modified in individual
chapters. Only the altered, renovated, or modernized
portion of an existing system or individual
component shall be required to meet the installation
and equipment requirements stated in this standard.
If the alteration, renovation, or modernization
adversely impacts existing performance requirements
of a system or component, additional upgrading
shall be required. [NFPA 99: 1.3.2]

1301.2 This chapter applies to the special fixtures
and systems in health care facilities and to the special
plumbing requirements for such facilities. Other
plumbing in such facilities shall comply with other
applicable sections of this code.

1 301 .3 This chapter shall not apply to breathing air
replenishment (BAR) systems.

1302.0 Medical Gas and Vacuum Piping Systems
- Installation Requirements.

The installation of medical gas and vacuum piping
systems shall be in accordance with the requirements
of this chapter and /or the appropriate standards
adopted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. For
additional standards see Table 14-1.

1302.1 The installation of individual components
shall be made in accordance with the instructions of
the manufacturer. Such instructions shall include
directions and information deemed by the
manufacturer to be adequate for attaining proper
operation, testing, and maintenance of the medical
gas and vacuum systems. Copies of the manu-
facturer's instructions shall be left with the system
owner. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.9.1, 5.1.10.6.9.2, 5.1.10.6.9.3]

1 302.2 The installation of medical gas and vacuum
systems shall be made by qualified, competent
technicians who are experienced in making such
installations. Installers of medical gas and vacuum
systems shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ASSE
Standard 6010, Professional Qualification Standard for
Medical Gas and Vacuum System Installers. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.6.11.1,5.1.10.6.11.2]

1 302.3 Brazing shall be performed by individuals
who are qualified under the provisions of Section
1311.6. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.11.3]

1302.4 Prior to any installation work, the installer of
medical gas and vacuum piping shall provide and
maintain documentation on the job site for the
qualification of brazing procedures and individual
brazers that is required under Section 1311.6.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.11.4]

1303.0 Protrusions from Walls.

1303.1 Drinking fountain control valves shall be
flush-mounted or fully recessed when installed in
corridors or other areas where patients may be
transported on a gurney, bed, or wheelchair.

1303.2 Piping exposed in corridors and other areas
where subject to physical damage from the move-
ment of carts, stretchers, portable equipment, or
vehicles shall be protected. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.2.1]

1304.0 Psychiatric Patient Rooms.

Piping and drain traps in psychiatric patient rooms
shall be concealed. Fixtures and. fittings shall be
resistant to vandalism. [NFPA 101]

1305.0 Locations for Ice Storage.

Ice makers or ice storage containers shall be located
in nursing stations or similarly supervised areas to
minimize potential contamination. [See NFPA 101]

1306.0 Sterilizers.

1306.1 General. The requirements of this section
apply to sterilizers and bedpan steamers. Such
equipment shall be installed in accordance with this
code and the manufacturer's installation instructions.

1306.2 Indirect Waste Connections.

Waste drainage from sterilizers and bedpan steamers
shall be connected to the sanitary drainage system
through an airgap in accordance with this chapter
and Chapter 8. The size of indirect waste piping shall
not be less than the size of the drain connection on
the fixture. Each such indirect waste pipe shall not
exceed fifteen (15) feet (4,572 mm) in length and shall
be separately piped to a receptor. Such receptors
shall be located in the same room as the equipment
served. Except for bedpan steamers, such indirect
waste pipes shall not require traps. A trap having a

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201

1306.2-1310.5

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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minimum, seal of three (3) inches (80 mim) shall be
provided in the indirect waste pipe for a bedpan
steamer.

1307.0 Vapor Vents and Stacks for Sterilizers.

1307.1 General. When a sterilizer has provision for
a vapor vent and such a vent is required by the
manufacturer, the vent shall be extended to the
outdoors above the roof. Sterilizer vapor vents shall
be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and shall not be connected to any
drainage system vent.

1308.0 Aspirators.

1308.1 See Section 603.4.9, Water Inlets to Water
Supplied Aspirators. Provisions for aspirators or
other watersupplied suction devices shall be
installed only with the specific approval of the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. Where aspirators are
used for removing body fluids, they shall include a
collection container to collect liquids and solid
particles. Aspirators shall indirectly discharge to the
sanitary drainage system through an airgap in
accordance with Chapter 8. The potable water
supply to an aspirator shall be protected by a
vacuum, breaker or equivalent backflow protection
device in accordance with Section 603.0.

Part II — Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems.

1309.0 Application.

1309.1 The provisions herein shall apply to the
installation, testing, and verification of medical gas
and vacuum piping in hospitals, clinics, and other
health care facilities.

1309.2 The purpose of this chapter is to provide
requirements for the installation, testing, and
verification of medical gas and medical vacuum
systems, from the central supply system to the
station outlets or inlets.

1 309.3 Wherever the terms medical gas or vacuum
occur, the provisions shall apply to all piped systems
for oxygen, nitrous oxide, medical air, carbon
dioxide, helium, medical-surgical vacuum, waste
anesthetic gas disposal, and mixtures thereof.
Wherever the name of a specific gas or vacuum
service occurs, the provision shall apply only to that
gas. [NFPA 99: 5.1.1.2]

1309.4 This chapter does not apply to portable
compressed gas systems.

1309.5 This chapter does not apply to:

(A) Cylinder and container management,
storage, and reserve requirements.

(B) Gas central supply and bulk supply systems,
except as addressed in this chapter.

(C) Electrical connections and requirements.

(D) Motor requirements and controls.

(E) Systems having nonstandard operating
pressures, except as addressed in this chapter.

(F) Waste anesthetic gas disposal (WAGD)
systems.

(G) Surface-mounted medical gas rail systems

1 309.6 The requirements of this chapter shall not be
interpreted to conflict with the requirements of
NFPA 99 Standard for Health Care Facilities. For
requirements of portions of medical gas and medical
vacuum systems not addressed in this chapter or
medical gas and medical vacuuin systems beyond
the scope of this chapter refer to NFPA 99 Standard
for Health Care Facilities.

1309.7 An existing system that is not in strict
compliance with the provisions of the standard
(Code) shall be permitted to be continued in use as
long as the Authority Having Jurisdiction has
determined that such use does not constitute a
distinct hazard to life. [NFPA 99 4-1.4] (Same as the
2002 edition of NFPA 99: 5.1.1.3.)

1310.0 Definitions.

1310.1 Building Supply - The pipe from the source
of supply to a building or structure.

1310.2 Critical Care Area - Those special care
units, intensive care units, coronary care units,
angiography laboratories, cardiac catheterization
laboratories, delivery rooms, operating rooms,
postanesthesia recovery rooms, emergency
departments, and similar areas in which patients are
intended to be subjected to invasive procedures and
connected to line-operated, patient-care-related
electrical appliances. [NFPA 99: 3.3.135.2]

1310.3 General Care Areas - General care areas are
patient bedrooms, examining rooms, treatment
rooms, clinics, and similar areas in which it is
intended that the patient will come in contact with
ordinary appliances such as a nurses-call system,
electric beds, examining lamps, telephones, and
entertainment devices. [NFPA 99: 3.3.135.1]

1310.4 Manifold - A device for connecting outlets of
one or more gas cylinders to the central piping
system for that specific gas. [NFPA 99: 3.3.103]

1310.5 Medical Air - For purposes of this standard,
medical air is air supplied from cylinders, bulk
containers, medical air compressors, or has been
reconstituted from oxygen USP and oil-free, dry
nitrogen NF. Medical air shall be required to have
the following characteristics:

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202

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND
MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

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(1) Be supplied from cylinders, bulk containers,
medical air compressor sources, or be
reconstituted from oxygen USP and oil-free
dry nitrogen NF.

(2) Meet the requirements of medical air USP.

(3) Have no detectable liquid hydrocarbons.

(4) Have less than 25 ppm gaseous hydrocarbons.

(5) Have equal to or less than 5 mg/m^ of
permanent particulates sized 1 micron or
larger in the air at normal atmospheric
pressure. [NFPA 99: 3.3.106, 5.1.3.5.1]

1310.6 Medical Gas - Gas used in a medical
facility, including oxygen, nitrous oxide, carbon
dioxide, helium, medical air, and mixtures of these
gases. Standards of purity apply.

1310.7 Medical Gas System - Complete system
consisting of a central supply system (manifold,
bulk, or compressors), including control equipment
and piping extending to station outlets at the points
where medical gases may be required.

1310.8 Medical Vacuum System - See 1310.19,
Vacuum System - Level 1.

1310.9 Nitrogen, NF (Oil-Free, Dry) (Nitrogen for
Brazing and Testing) - Nitrogen complying, as a
minimum, with oil-free, dry nitrogen NF. [NFPA 99:

NFPA I 3.3.120.1]

1310.10 Patient Care Area - Any portion of a health
care facility wherein patients are intended to be
examined or treated. [NFPA 99: 3.3.138]

1310.11 Purge, Flow - The removal of oxygen from
a system by oil-free dry nitrogen during brazing.

1310.12 Purge, System - The removal of nitrogen
from a system with the medical gas required for that
system.

1310.13 SOFM - Standard cubic feet per minute. [NFPA
99: 3.3.159]

1310.14 Special Hazard Area - An area such as a
kitchen or electrical switch-gear room.

1310.15 Station Inlet - An inlet point in a medical-
surgical piped vacuum distribution system at which
the user makes connections and disconnections.
[NFPA 99: 3.3.171]

1310.16 Station Outlet - An inlet point in a piped
medical/surgical vacuum distribution system at
which the user makes connections and
disconnections. [NFPA 99: 3.3.168]

1310.17 Use Point - A room or area of a room
where medical gases are dispensed to a single
patient for medical purposes. A use point is
permitted to be comprised of a number of station
outlets of different gases. [NFPA 99: 3.3.175]

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1310.5-1311.1

1310.18 User Outlet - See Station Outlet.

1310.19 Vacuum System - Level 1 - A system
consisting of central vacuum-producing equipment
with pressure and operating controls, shutoff valves,
alarm warning systems, gauges, and a network of
piping extending to and terminating with suitable
station inlets at locations where patient suction could
be required. [NFPA 99: 3.3.91]

1310.20 Valve, Isolation - A valve that isolates one
piece of equipment from another.

1310.21 Valve, Riser - A valve at the base of a
vertical riser that isolates that riser.

1310.22 Valve, Service - A valve serving horizontal
piping extending from a riser to a station outlet or
inlet.

1310.23 Valve, Source - A single valve at the
source that controls a number of units that make up
the source.

1310.24 Valve, Zone - A valve that controls the gas
or vacuum to a particular area.

1310.25 Waste Anesthetic Gas Disposal - The

process of capturing and carrying away gases vented
from the patient breathing circuit during the normal
operation of gas anesthesia or analgesia equipment.
[NFPA 99: 3.3.178]

1311.0 General Requirements.

1311.1 Oxygen Compatibility - Tubes, valves,
fittings, station outlets, and other piping components
in medical gas systems shall have been cleaned for
oxygen service by the manufacturer prior to
installation in accordance with CGA 4.1, Cleaning
Equipment for Oxygen Service, except that fittings shall
be permitted to be cleaned by a supplier or agency
other than the manufacturer. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.1.1]

1311.1.1 Components include but are not
limited to containers, valves, valve seats,
lubricants, fittings, gaskets, and interconnecting
equipment including hose. Easily ignitable
materials should be avoided.

Compatibility involves both combustibility
and ease of ignition. Materials that burn in air
will burn violently in pure oxygen at normal
pressure and explosively in pressurized oxygen.
Also, many materials that do not bum in air will
do so in pure oxygen, particularly under
pressure. Metals for containers and piping have
to be carefully selected, depending on service
conditions. The various steels are acceptable for
many applications, but some service conditions
can call for other materials (usually copper or its
alloys) because of their greater resistance to
ignition and lower rate of combustion.

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203

1311.1 -1311.6

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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Similarly, materials that can be ignited in air
have lower ignition energies in oxygen. Many
such materials can be ignited by friction at a
valve seat or stem packing or by adiabatic
compression produced when oxygen at high
pressure is rapidly introduced into a system
initially at low pressure.

1311.1.2 Materials used in central supply
systems shall meet the following requirement:

In those portions of systems intended to
handle oxygen or nitrous oxide at gauge
pressures of less than 2,070 kPa (300 psi),
material construction shall be compatible with
oxygen under the temperatures and pressures to
which the components can be exposed in the
containment and use of oxygen, nitrous oxide,
mixtures of these gases, or mixtures containing
more than 23.5 percent oxygen. [NFPA 99:
5.1.3.4.3 (2)]

1311.2 Certification of medical gas and medical
vacuum systems shall conform to the requirements
of Section 1328.0 of this code, the Authority Having
Jurisdiction, and NFPA 99 Standard for Health Care
Facilities section 5.1.12. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12].

1 31 1 .3 Prior to any installation work, the installer of
medical gas and vacuum piping shall provide and
maintain documentation on the job site for the
qualification of brazing procedures and individual
brazers that is required under Section 1311.6. [NFPA
99: 5.1.10.6.11.4]

1 31 1 .3.1 Each length of tube shall be delivered
plugged or capped by the manufacturer and
kept sealed until prepared for installation.
Fittings, valves, and other componients shall be
delivered sealed, labeled, and kept sealed until
prepared for installation. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.1.2
and 5.1.10.1.3]

1 31 1 .4 All medical gas and medical vacuum systems
shall be supplied from a source consisting of at least
two units - primary and secondary, e.g., a manifold
consisting of two cylinder banks with at least two
cylinders in each bank, a minimum of two air
compressors, or a minimum of two vacuum pumps.
However, two supply pipelines are not required.

1311.5 Health Care Organization personnel shall be
permitted to install piping systems if all the
requirements of this chapter are met during
installation. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.11.5]

1 31 1 .6 Brazing procedures and brazer performance
for the installation of medical gas and vacuum
piping shall be qualified in accordance with either
Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications, of the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, or AWS

B2.2, Standard for Brazing Procedure and Performance
Qualifications, both as modified below. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.6.12.1]

1311.6.1 Brazers shall be qualified by visual
examination of the test coupon followed by
sectioning. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.12.2]

1311.6.2 The Brazing Procedure Specification
(BPS) shall address cleaning, joint clearance,
overlap, internal purge gas purge gas flow rate,
and filler metal. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.12.3]

1311.6.3 The brazing procedure specification
and the record of brazer performance
qualification shall document filler metal used,
cleaning, joint clearance, overlap, internal purge
gas, and flow rate during brazing of coupon,
and the absence of internal oxidation in the
completed coupon. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.12.4]

1311.6.4 Brazing procedures qualified by a
technically competent group or agency shall be
permitted under the following conditions:

(1) The brazing procedure specification and
the procedure qualification record
meets the requirements of this standard.

(2) The employer obtains a copy of both the
brazing procedure specification and the
supporting qualification records from
the group or agency and signs and dates
these records, thereby accepting
responsibility for the qualifications that
were performed by the group or agency.

(3) The employer qualifies at least one
brazer following each brazing procedure
specification used. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.12.5]

1311.6.5 An employer shall be permitted to
accept brazer qualification records of a previous
employer under the following conditions:

(1) The brazer has been qualified following
the same or an equivalent procedure
that the new employer uses.

(2) The new employer obtains a copy of the
record of brazer performance
qualification tests from the previous
employer and signs and dates these
records, thereby accepting responsibility
for the qualifications performed by the
previous employer. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.12.6]

1311.6.6 Performance qualifications of brazers
shall remain in effect indefinitely unless the
brazer does not braze with the qualified
procedure for a period exceeding six months, or
there is a specific reason to question the ability
of the brazer. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.12.7]

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204

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND
MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

1312.0 Plan Review.

1312.1 Before any medical gas or medical vacuum
system is installed or altered in any hospital,
medical facility, or clinic, duplicate plans and
specifications shall be filed with the Authority
Having Jurisdiction. Approval of the plans shall be
obtained prior to issuance of any permit by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1312.2 Plans and specifications shall show the
following, in detail:

1312.2.1 Plot plan of the site, drawn to scale,
indicating the location of existing or new
cylinder storage areas, property lines,
driveways, and existing or proposed buildings.

1312.2.2 Piping layout of the proposed piping
system or alteration, including alarms, valves,
origin of gases, and user outlets/inlets. The
demand and loading of any piping, existing or
future, shall also be indicated.

1 31 2.2.3 Complete specification of materials.

1312.3 Plans and specifications submitted to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction shall clearly indicate
the nature and extent of the work proposed and shall
show in detail that such work will conform to the
provisions of this code.

1312.4 A record of as-built plans and valve
identification records shall remain on the site at
all times.

1313.0 System Performance.
NFPA 1313.1 Required Operating Pressures. All medical

NFPA ■ • •*

NFPA gas and medical vacuum systems shall be capable of
NFPA delivering service in the pressure ranges listed in Table
NFPA 13-1. [NFPA 99: Table 5.1.11]

1313.2 AAinimum Flow Rates. All medical gas and
medical vacuum systems shall be capable of
supplying the flow rates listed in Table 13-2.

1313.3 Minimum Station Outlets/Inlets. Station
outlets and inlets for medical gas and medical vacuum
systems shall be provided as listed in Table 13-3.

1314.0 Required Pipe Sizing.

1314.1 Where the maximum demand for each
medical gas or vacuum system and the maximum
length of piping between the source equipment and
the most distant station outlet/inlet do not exceed the
values in Table 13-6, the size of pipe of each section of
the system shall be determined using Tables 13-4 and
13-6. The size for systems beyond the range of Table
13-6 shall be determined by using the methods set
forth in Section 1314.3 of this chapter.

1312.0-1315.2

1314.2 To determine the size of each section of pipe
in any system within the range of Table 13-6,
proceed as follows:

1314.2.1 Measure the length of the pipe from
the source equipment location to theinost
remote station inlet/outlet on the system.

1314.2.2 In Table 13-6, select the column
showing that distance, or the next longer
distance if the table does not give the exact
length.

1 31 4.2.3 Starting at the most remote outlet/inlet,
find in the vertical column just selected the
medical gas or vacuum demand for that
inlet/outlet. If the exact figure of demand is not
shown, choose the next larger figure below iii the
column.

1314.2.4 Opposite this demand figure, in the
first column at the left in Table 13-6, will be
found the correct size of pipe.

1314.2.5 Using this same vertical column,
proceed in a similar manner for each section of
pipe serving this inlet/outlet. For each section of
pipe, determine the total gas or vacuum demand
supplied by the section, using Table 13-4.

1314.2.6 Size each section of branch piping not
previously sized by measuring the distance from
the source equipment location to the most
remote inlet /outlet in that branch, and follow
the procedures of Sections 1314.2.2, 1314.2.3,
1314.2.4, and 1314.2.5.

Note:

Size branch piping in the order of the distance from
the source location, begirming with the most distant
outlet not previously sized.

1314.3 For conditions other than those covered by
Section 1314.1 of this section, such as longer runs of
greater gas or vacuum demands, the size of each gas
or vacuum piping system shall be determined by
standard engineering methods acceptable to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction, and each isystem shall
be so designed that the total pressure drop or gain
between the source equipment and any inlet/ outlet
will not exceed the allowable pressures shown in
Table 13-1.

1315.0 Workmanship.

1315.1 All design, construction, and workmanship
shall be in conformity with accepted engineering
practices and shall meet the requirements of this code.

1315.2 Cracks, holes, or other imperfections in
materials shall not be concealed by welding, brazing,
or soldering, or by using paint, wax, tar, or other
leak-sealing or repair agents.

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1315.3-1316.6

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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1 31 5.3 Burred ends of all tubing shall be deburred
using a deburring tool to the full bore of the tube,
and all chips shall be removed.

1316.0 Materials. The provisions of this section
apply to the field-installed piping for the distribution
of medical piped gases.

1316.1 Tubes, valves, fittings, station outlets, and
other piping components in medical gas systems
shall have been cleaned for oxygen service by the
manufacturer prior to installation in accordance
with CGA 4.1, Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen Service,
except that fittings shall be permitted to be cleaned
by a supplier or agency other than the nianu-
facturer. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.1.1]

1316.2 Each length of tube shall be delivered
plugged or capped by the manufacturer and kept
sealed until prepared for installation. Fittings,
valves, and other components shall be delivered
sealed, labeled, and kept sealed until prepared for
installation. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.1.2, 5.1.10.1.3]

1 31 6.3 Tubes shall be hard-drawn seamless copper
ASTM B 819 medical gas tube. Type L, except that
where operating pressures are above a gauge
pressure of 1,275 kPa (185 psi). Type K shall be used
for sizes larger than DN80 (NPS 3) (3-1/8 in. CD.).

ASTM B 819 medical gas tube shall be identified
by the manufacturer's markings "OXY," "MED,"
"OXY/MED," "OXY/ACR," or "ACR/MED" in blue
(Type L) or green (Type K). [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.1.4,
5.1.10.1.5]

Piping for vacuum systems shall be constructed
of any of the following:

(1) Hard-drawn seamless copper tube

(a) ASTM B 88, Standard Specification for
Seamless Copper Water Tube, copper tube
(Types K, L, M).

(b) ASTM B 280, Standard Specification for
Seamless Copper Tubing for Air Condition-
ing and Refrigeration Field Service, copper
ACR tube.

(c) ASTM B 819, Standard Specification for Seam-
less Copper Tube for Medical Gas Systems,
copper medical gas tubing (T)qpe K or L).

(2) Stainless steel tube [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.2.1]

Piping systems shall be designed and sized to
deliver the required flow rates at the utilization
pressures.

Mains and branches in medical gas-piping
systems shall be not less than DN15 (NPS 1/2) (5/8
in. CD.) size.

Mains and branches in medical-surgical vacuum
systems shall be not less than DN20 (NPS 3/4) (7/8
in. CD.) size.

Drops to individual station outlets and inlets shall
be not less than DN15 (NPS 1/2) (5/8 in. CD.) size.

Runouts to alarm panels and connecting tubing
for gauges and alarm devices shall be permitted to
be DN8 (NPS 1/4) (3/8 in. CD.) size. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.10.1.1-5.1.10.10.1.5]

1316.4 Turns, offsets, and other changes in direction
in welded or brazed medical gas and vacuimi piping
shall be made with wrought-copper capillary fittings
complying with ASME B16.22, Wrought Copper and
Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings, or
brazed fittings complying with ASME B16.50,
Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Braze-Joint
Pressure Fittings.

1316.4.1 Cast-copper alloy fittings shall not be
permitted.

1316.4.2 Branch connections in vacuum piping
systems shall be permitted to be made using
mechanically formed, drilled, and extruded tee-
branch connections that are formed in accordance
with the tool manufacturer's instructions and
brazed. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.3.1, 5.1.10.3.2, 5.1.10.3.3,
5.1.10.5.8 (4)-(7)]

1316.5 The following special fittings shall be
permitted to be used in lieu of brazed joints:

(1) Memory-metal couplings having temperature
and pressure ratings joints not less than that
of a brazed joint.

(2) Listed or approved metallic gas tube fittings
that, when made up, provide a permanent
joint having the mechanical, thermal, and
sealing integrity of a brazed joint.

(3) Dielectric fittings where required by the
manufacturer of special medical equipment
to electrically isolate the equipment from the
piping distribution system.

(4) AxiaUy swaged, elastic strain preload fittings
providing metal to metal seal having pressure
and temperature ratings not less than that of
a brazed joint and, when complete, are
permanent and nonseparable.

1316.6 The following joints shall be prohibited
throughout medical gas and vacuum distribution
pipeline systems:

(1) Flared and compression-type connections,
including connections to station outlets and
inlets, alarm devices, and other components.

(2) Other straight-threaded connections, including
imions.

(3) The use of pipe-crimping tools to permanently
stop the flow.

131 6.6.1 Threaded joints in medical gas and
vacuum distribution piping shall meet the
following requirements:

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HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND
MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

(1) Be limited to connections to pressure/
vacuum indicators, alarm devices, and
source equipment.

(2) Be tapered pipe threads complying with
ANSI Bl.20.1, Pipe Threads, General
Purpose.

(3) Be made up with polytetrafluoroethylene
(such as Teflon^'^) tape or other thread
sealant recoinmended for oxygen
service, with the sealant applied to the
male threads only. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.8,
5.1.10.5.9 and 5.1.10.4]

1316.7 New or replacement shutoff valves shall be
as follows:

(1) Quarter turn, full ported ball type.

(2) Brass or bronze construction.

(3) Have extensions for brazing.

(4) Have a handle indicating open or closed.

(5) Consist of three pieces permitting in-line
serviceability. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.3]

1316.8 Soldered joints in copper Level 3 vacuum and
Level 3 gas-powered systems piping shall be made in
accordance with ASTM B 828, Making Capillary Joints by
Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings,
using a lead-free solder filler metal containing not more
than 0.2 percent lead by volume. [NFPA 99: 5.3.10.5]

1317.0 Cleaning for Medical Gas Piping Systems.

1317.1 The interior surfaces of tube ends, fittings, and
other components that were cleaned for oxygen service
by the manufacturer, but become contaminated prior
to being installed, shall be permitted to be recleaned
on-site by the installer by thoroughly scrubbing the
interior surfaces with a clean, hot water-alkaline
solution, such as sodium carbonate or trisodium
phosphate 450 g to 11 L (1 lb. to 3 gal.) of potable water
and thoroughly rinsing them with clean, hot potable
water. Other aqueous cleaning solutions shall be
permitted to be used for on-site recleaning permitted
above, provided that they are as recommended in
CGA Pamphlet G-4.1, Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen
Service, and are listed in CGA Pamphlet 02-PIR,
Directory of Cleaning Agents for Oxygen Service. [NFPA
99: 5.1.10.5.3.10 and 5.1.10.5.3.11]

1317.2 Material that has become contaminated
internally and is not clean for oxygen service shall
not be installed. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.3.12]

1318.0 Installation of Piping.

1318.1 Piping shall be protected against freezing,
corrosion, and physical damage.

1316.6-1318.4

Piping exposed in corridors and other areas
where subject to physical damage from the
movement of carts, stretchers, portable equipment,
or vehicles shall be protected.

Piping underground within buildings or
embedded in concrete floors or walls shall be
installed in a continuous conduit. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.6.2, 5.1.10.6.2.1, 5.10.6.2.2]

1318.2 Piping risers shall be permitted to be
installed in pipe shafts if protected from physical
damage, effects of excessive heat, corrosion, or
contact with oil.

Piping shall not be installed in kitchens, elevator
shafts, elevator machine rooms, areas with open
flames, electrical service equipment over 600 volts,
and areas prohibited under NFPA 70, National
Electrical Code/except for the following locations:

(1) Room locations for medical air compressor
supply systems and medical-surgical vacuum
pump supply systems.

(2) Room locations for secondary distribution
circuit panels and breakers having a maximum
voltage rating of 600 volts.

. Medical gas piping shall be permitted to be
installed in the same service trench or tunnel with
fuel gas lines, fuel oil lines, electrical lines, steam
lines, and similar utilities provided that the space is
ventilated (naturally or mechanically) and the
ambient temperature around the medical gas piping
is limited to 130°F (54°C ) maximum.

Medical gas piping shall not be located where
subject to contact with oil, including a possible
flooding area in the case of a major oil leak. [NFPA
99: 5.1.10.10.3]

1 31 8.3 Buried piping outside of buildings shall be
installed below the local level of frost penetration.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.5]

1318.4 The installation procedure for underground
piping shall protect the piping from physical damage
while being backfilled.

If imderground piping is protected by a conduit,
cover, or other enclosure, the following requirements
shall be met:

(1) Access shall be provided at the joints for
visual inspection and leak testing.

(2) The conduit, cover, or enclosure shall be self-
draining and not retain groundwater in
prolonged contact with the pipe.

Buried piping that will be subject to surface
loads shall be buried at a depth that will protect the
piping and its enclosure from excessive stresses.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.5.4]

The minimum backfilled cover above the top of
the pipe or its enclosure for buried piping outside of

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1318.4-1319.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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buildings shall be 36 inches (900 mm), except that the
minimum cover shall be permitted to be reduced to
18 inches (450 mm) where physical damage is
otherwise prevented.

Trenches shall be excavated so that the pipe
enclosure has firm, substantially continuous bearing
on the bottom of the trench.

Backfill shall be clean and compacted so as to
protect and uniformly support the pipe enclosure.

A continuous tape or marker placed immediately
above the enclosure shall clearly identify the pipeline
by specific name.

A continuous warning means shall also be
provided above the pipeline at approximately one-
half the depth of bury.

Where underground piping is installed through
a wall sleeve, the ends of the sleeve shall be sealed to
prevent the entrance of groundwater into the
building. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.5 - 5.1.10.6.10]

1318.5 Hose and flexible connectors, both metallic
and nonmetallic, shall be no longer than necessary
and shall not penetrate or be concealed in walls,
floors, ceilings, or partitions. Flexible connectors,
metallic or nonmetallic, shall have a minimum burst
pressure, with a gauge pressure of 6,895 kPa (1,000
psi). [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.7]

1318.6 Where a positive-pressure medical gas-
piping distribution system, originally used or
constructed for the use at one pressure and for one
gas, is converted for operation at another pressure or
for another gas, all provisions of NFPA 5.1.10 shall
apply as if the system were new. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.6.10.1]

A vacuum system shall not be permitted to be
converted for use as a gas system. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.6.10.2]

1318.7 Piping exposed in corridors and other areas
where subject to physical damage from the
movement of carts, stretchers, portable equipment, or
vehicles shall be protected. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.2.1]

1318.8 Piping shall be supported from the building
structure in accordance with MSS Standard Practice
SP-69, Piping Hangers and Supports - Selection and
Application.[NFFA 99: 5.1.10.6.4.1]

Hangers and supports shall comply with MSS
Standard Practice SP-58, Pipe Hangers and Supports -
Materials, Design, and Manufacture. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.6.4.2]

Hangers for copper tube shall have a copper finish
and be sized for copper tube. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.4.3]

In potentially damp locations, copper tube hangers
or supports that are in contact with tiie tube shall be
plastic-coated or otherwise be insulated from the tube.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.4.4]

Maximum support spacing shall be in
accordance with Table 13-7. [NFPA 99: Table
5.1.10.6.4.5]

1318.9 Where required, medical gas and vacuum
piping shall be seismically restrained against
earthquakes in accordance with the applicable
building code. [NFPA 99 5.1.10.6.4.6] Seismic
considerations shall conform to the requirements of
this code and the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1318.10 Two or more medical gas-piping systems
shall not be tntercoimected for testing or any other
reason. Leak testing shall be accomplished by
separately charging and testing the individual piping
system. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.6.8.1-2]

1318.11 Piping shall be labeled by stenciling or
adhesive markers that identify the patient medical
gas, the support gas, or vacuum system, and include:

(1) The name of the gas/vacuum system or the
chemical symbol per NFPA 99: Table 5.1.11.

(2) The gas or vacuum system color code per
NFPA 99: Table 5.1.11.

(3) Where positive-pressure gas piping systems
operate at pressures other than the standard
gauge pressure in NFPA 99 Table 5.1.11, the
pipe labeling shall include the operating
pressure in addition to the nan\e of the gas.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.11.1.1]

1319.0 Joints. This section sets forth the require-
ments for pipe joint installation for positive-pressure
medical gas systems.

1319.1 Brazed joints shall be made using a brazing
alloy that exhibits a melting temperature in excess of
1,000°F (538°C) to retain the integrity of the piping
system in the event of fire exposure. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.1.1]

Brazed tube joints shall be the socket type.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.1.2]

Filler metals shall bond with and be
metallurgically compatible with the base metals
being joined. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.1.3]

Filler metals shall comply with ANSI/AWS
A.5.8, Specification for Brazing Filler Metal. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.1.4]

Copper-to-copper joints shall be brazed using a
copper-phosphorus or copper-phosphorus-silver
brazing filler metal (BCuP series) without flux.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.1.5]

Flux shall only be used when brazing dissimilar
metals, such as copper and bronze or brass, using a
silver (BAg series) brazing filler material. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.4.1]

Joints to be brazed in place shall be accessible for
necessary preparation, assembly, heating, filler
application, cooling, cleaning, and inspection. [NFPA
99: 5.1.10.5.1.7]

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HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND
MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

1319.2 Tube ends shall be cut square using a sharp
tubing cutter to avoid deforming the tube. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.2.1]

The cutting wheels on tubing cutters shall be
free from grease, oil, or other lubricant not suitable
for oxygen service. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.2.2]

The cut ends of the tube shall be deburred with a
sharp, clean deburring tool, taking care to prevent
chips from entering the tube. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.2.3]

1319.3 The interior surfaces of tubes, fittings, and
other components that are cleaned for oxygen service
shall be stored and handled to avoid contamination
prior to assembly and brazing. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.3.1]

The exterior surfaces of tube ends shall be
cleaned prior to brazing to remove any surface
oxides. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.3.2]

When cleaning the exterior surfaces of tube
ends, no matter shall be permitted to enter the tube.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.3.3]

If the interior surfaces of fitting sockets become
contaminated prior to brazing, they shall be
recleaned for oxygen in accordance with NFPA 99
5.1.10.5.3.10 and be cleaned for brazing with a clean,
oil-free wire brush. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.3.4]

Clean, nonshedding, abrasive pads shall be used
to clean the exterior surfaces of tube ends. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.3.5]

The use of steel wool or sand cloth shall be
prohibited. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.3.6]

The cleaning process shall not result in grooving
of the surfaces to be joined. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.3.7]

After being abraded, the surfaces shall be wiped
using a clean, lint-free white cloth. [NFPA 99;
5.1.10.5.3.8]

Tubes, fittings, valves, and other components
shall be visually examined internally before being
joined, to verify that they have not become
contaiivinated for oxygen service and that they are free
of obstructions or debris. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.3.9]

The interior surfaces of tube ends, fittings, and
other components that were cleaned for oxygen
service by the manufacturer, but become
contaminated prior to being installed, shall be
permitted to be recleaned on-site by the installer by
thoroughly scrubbing the interior surfaces with a
clean, hot water-alkaline solution, such as sodium
carbonate or trisodium phosphate 450 g to 11 L (1 lb.
to 3 gal.) of potable water and thoroughly rinsing
them with clean, hot potable water. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.3.10]

Other aqueous cleaning solutions shall be
permitted to be used for on-site recleaning permitted
in NFPA 99:5.1.10.5.3.10, provided that they are as

1319.2- 1319.6

recommended in CGA Pamphlet G-4.1, Cleaning
Equipment for Oxygen Service, and are listed in CGA
Pamphlet 02-DIR, Directory of Cleaning Agents for
Oxygen Service. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.3.11]

Material that has become contaminated
internally and is not clean for oxygen service shall
not be installed. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.3.12]

Joints shall be brazed within eight hours after
the surfaces are cleaned for brazing. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.3.13]

1319.4 Flux shall only be used when brazing
dissimilar metals such as copper and bronze or brass,
using a silver (BAg series) brazing filler metal.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.4.1]

Surfaces shall be cleaned for brazing in
accordance with Section 1319.3. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.4.2]

Flux shall be applied sparingly to minimize
contamination of the inside of the tube with flux.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.4.3]

The flux shall be applied and worked over the
cleaned surfaces to be brazed using a stiff bristle
brush to ensure complete coverage and wetting of
the surfaces with flux. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.4.4]

Where possible, short sections of copper tube
shall be brazed onto the noncopper component and
the interior of the subassembly shall be cleaned of
flux prior to installation in the piping system. [NFPA
99: 5.1.10.5.4.5]

On joints DN20 (NFS 3/4) (7/8 in. O.D.) size
and smaller, flux-coated brazing rods shall be
permitted to be used in lieu of applying flux to the
surfaces being joined. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.4.6]

1319.5 Tube ends shall be inserted fully into the
socket of the fitting. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.6.1]

Where flux is permitted, the joint shall be heated
slowly until the flux has liquefied. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.6.2]

After flux is liquefied, or where flux is not
permitted to be used, the joint shall be heated quickly
to the brazing temperature, taking care not to overheat
the joint. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.6.3]

Techniques for heating the joint; applying the
brazing filler metal; and making horizontal,
vertical, and large-diameter joints shall be as stated
in sections on Applying Heat and Brazing and
Horizontal and Vertical Joints in Chapter VII,
Brazed Joints, in the CDA Copper Tube Handbook.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.6.4]

1 31 9.6 When being brazed, joints shall be continuously
purged with oil-free, dry nitrogen NF to prevent the
formation of copper oxide on the inside surfaces of
the joint. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.5.1]

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1319.6-1320.2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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The source of the purge gas shall be monitored,
and the installer shall be audibly alerted when the
source content is low. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.5.2]

The purge gas flow rate shall be controlled by
the use of a pressure regulator and flow meter or
combination thereof. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.5.3]

Pressure regulators alone shall not be used to
control purge gas flow rates. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.5.4]

In order to ensure that all ambient air has been
removed from the pipeline prior to brazing, an
oxygen analyzer shall be used to verify the
effectiveness of the purge. The oxygen analyzer shall
read below 1 percent oxygen concentration before
brazing is to begin. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.5.5]

During and after installation, openings in the
piping system shall be kept sealed to maintain a
nitrogen atmosphere within the piping to prevent
debris or other contaminants from entering the
system. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.5.6]

While a joint is being brazed, a discharge
opening shall be provided on the opposite side of the
joint from where the purge gas is being introduced.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.5.7]

The flow of purge gas shall be maintained until
the joint is cool to the touch. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.5.8]

After the joint has cooled, the purge discharge
opening shall be sealed to prevent contamination of
the inside of the tube and maintain the nitrogen
atmosphere within the piping system. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.5.9]

The final connection of new piping to an
existing, in-use pipeline shall be permitted to be
made without the use of a nitrogen purge. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.5.10]

After a final cormection in a positive-pressure
medical gas pipeline is made without a nitrogen
purge, an outlet in the immediate downstream zone
of the affected portions of both the new and existing
in-use piping shall be tested in accordance with
NFPA 99: 5.1.12.3.9, Final Tie-in Test. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.5.11]

When using the autogenous orbital welding
process, joints shall be continuously purged inside
and outside with inert gas(es) in accordance with
the qualified welding procedure. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.5.12]

1 31 9.7 After brazing, the outside of all joints shall
be cleaned by washing with water and a wire brush
to remove any residue and permit clear visual
inspection of the joint. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.7.1]

Where flux has been used, the wash water shall
be hot. [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.7.2]

Each brazed joint shall be visually inspected
after cleaning the outside surfaces. [NFPA 99:
5.1.10.5.7.3]

Joints exhibiting the following conditions shall
not be permitted:

(1) Flux or flux residue (when flux or flux-
coated BAg series rods are used with
dissimilar metals).

(2) Base metal melting or erosion.

(3) Unmelted filler metal.

(4) Failure of the filler metal to be clearly visible
all the way around the joint at the interface
between the socket and the tube.

(5) Cracks in the tube or component.

(6) Cracks in the brazed filler metal.

(7) Failure of the joint to hold the test pressure
under the installer-performed initial
pressure test (1329.10) and standing pressure
test (Section 1329.11). [NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.7.4 ]

Brazed joints that are identified as defective
under conditions 1319.7(2) or (5) shall be replaced.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.7.5]

Brazed joints that are identified as defective
under Sections 1319.7(1), (3), (4), (6), or (7) shall be
permitted to be repaired, except that no joint shall be
reheated more than once before being replaced.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.10.5.7.6]

1320.0 Valves - Requirements, Locations, and
Labeling.

1320.1 General Requirements. Shutoff valves
accessible to other than authorized personnel shall
be installed in valve boxes with frangible or
removable windows large enough to permit manual
operation of valves. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.2.1]

Shutoff valves for use in certain areas, such as
psychiatric or pediatric, shall be permitted to be
seciired with the approval of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction to prevent inappropriate access. [NFPA
99: 5.1.4.2.2]

1320.1.1 Where valves are concealed in any
enclosure, the door or entry to the enclosure
shall be identified and color coded with the type
of gas service installed, as described in Section
1323.0. Enclosures shall be of sufficient size to
permit valve operation. Valve handles in the off
position shall prevent closure of the access panel
or door.

1320.2 In-line shutoff valves intended for use to
isolate piping for maintenance or modification shall
meet the following requirements:

(1) Be located in a restricted area.

(2) Be locked or latched open.

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HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND
MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

(3) Be identified in accordance with Section
1323. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.9.1]

1 320.3 Shutoff valves provided for the connection of
future piping shall meet the following requirements:

(1) Be locked in a restricted area.

(2) Be locked or latched closed.

(3) Be identified in accordance with Section
1323. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.10]

1320.3.1 Future connection valves shall be
labeled as to gas content. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.10.1]

1 320.3.2 Downstream piping shall be closed
with a brazed cap with tubing allowance for
cutting and rebrazing. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.10.2]

1320.3.3 A zone valve shall be located
immediately outside each vital life-support,
critical care, and anesthetizing location in
each medical gas and/or vacuum line, and
located so as to be readily accessible in an
emergency. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.8.7]

1320.3.4 All gas-delivery columns, hose reels,
ceiling tracks, control panels, pendants,
booms, or other special installations shall be
located downstream of the zone valve. [NFPA
99: 5.1.4.8.7.1]

1320.3.5 Zone valves shall be so arranged that
shutting off the supply of gas to any one
operating room or anesthetizing location will
not affect the others. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.8.7.2]

1320.4 Source Valve. A shutoff valve shall be
placed at the immediate connection of each source
system to the distribution piping to permit the entire
source, including all accessory devices (such as hair
dryers, final line regulators, etc.), to be isolated from
the facility. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.4]

1320.4.1 The source valve shall be located in the
immediate vicinity of the source equipment.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.4.4.1]

1320.4.2 The source valve shall be labeled in
accordance with Section 1323.0, Source Valve for
the (Source Name). [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.4.2, 5.1.11.2.3]

1 320.5 Main Valve. A shutoff valve shall be provided
in the main supply line inside of the building, except
where one or more of the following conditions exist:

(1) The source and source valve are located
inside the building served.

(2) The source system is physically mounted to
the waU of the building served and the pipe-
line enters the building in the immediate
vicinity of the source valve. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.5]

1320.5.1 The main line valve shall be located to
permit access by authorized personnel only (i.e..

1320.2-1321.2

by locating above a ceiling or behind a locked
access door). [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.5.1]

1320.5.2 The main line valve shall be located on
the facility side of the source valve and outside of
the source room, enclosure, or where the main
line first enters the building. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.5.2]

1320.5.3 The main line shall be labeled in
accordance with Section 1323.0. [NFPA 99:
5.1.4.5.3 and 5.1.11.2.4]

1320.6 Riser Valve. Each riser siipplied from the
main line shall be provided with a shutoff valve
adjacent to the riser connection. Riser valves shall be
permitted to be located above ceilings, but shall
remain accessible and not be obstructed. [NFPA 99:
5.1.4.6,5.1.4.6.1]

1320.7 Zone Valve. All station outlets/inlets shall
be supplied through a zone valve as follows:

(1) The zone valve shall be placed such that a
wall intervenes between the valve and
outlets/inlets that it controls.

(2) The zone valve shall serve only outlets /inlets
located on that same story. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.8]

1320.7.1 Zone valves shall be readily operable
from a standing position in the corridor on the
same floor they serve. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.8.1]

1 320.7.2 Zone valves shall be so arranged that
shutting off the supply of medical gas or
vacuum to one zone will not affect the supply of
medical gas or vacuum to another zone or the
rest of the system. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.8.2]

1320.8 Service Valves. Service valves shall be
placed in the branch piping prior to any zone valve
box assembly on that branch. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.7.2]

1320.8.1 Only one service valve shall be
required for each branch off of a riser regardless
of how many zone valve boxes are installed on
that lateral. [NFPA 99: 5.1.4.7.1]

1320.8.2 Service valves shall be installed to
allow servicing or modification of lateral branch
piping from a main or riser without shutting
down the entire main, riser, or facility. [NFPA 99:
5.1.4.7]

1321.0 Pressure-Regulating Equipment.

1321.1 Pressure-regulating equipment shall be
installed in the supply main upstream of the final
line-pressure valve. Where multiple piping systems
for the same gas at different operating pressures are
required, separate pressure-regulating equipment,
relief valves, and source shutoff valves shall be
provided for each pressure.

1321.2 Each central supply system shall have a
pressure-relief valve set at fifty (50) percent above

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1321.2-1323.4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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normal line pressure, installed downstream of the
pressure regulator and upstream of any shutoff
valve. This pressure-relief valve shall be permitted to
be set at a higher pressure, provided another
pressure-relief valve set at 50 percent above normal
line pressure is installed in the main supply line.

1321.2.1 All pressure-relief valves shall close
automatically when excess pressure has been
released.

1321.2.2 Pressure-relief valves set at 50 percent
shall be vented to the outside from all gas
systems, except medical air, or if the total
capacity of the supply system is in excess of
3,000 feet^ (85 m^) of gas.

1321.2.3 Pressure-relief valves shall be of brass
or bronze and specially designed for the gas
service involved.

1321.2.4 A pressure-relief valve shall not be
isolated from its intended use by any valve.

1321.3 Pressure Gauges.

Pressure and vacuum indicators shall be readable
from a standing position. Pressure/ vacuum
indicators shall be provided at the following
locations, as a minimum:

(1) Adjacent to the alarm-initiating device for
source main-line pressure and vacuum alarms
in the master alarm system.

(2) At or in area alarm panels to indicate the
pressure /vacuum at the alarm activating
device for each system that is monitored by
the panel.

(3) On the station outlet/inlet side of zone
valves. [NFPA 99: 5.1.8.2.1, 5.1.8.2.2]

1322.0 Station Outlets/Inlets.

Station outlets and inlets shall be installed in strict
accordance with the manufacturers' instructions.

1322.1 After installation of the piping, but before
installation of the station outlets /inlets and other
medical gas and medical gas system components
(e.g., pressure-actuating switches for alarms,
manifolds, pressure gauges, or pressure relief
valves), the line shall be blown clear by means of oil-
free, dry nitrogen.

1323.0 Labeling and Identification. The gas content
of medical gas piping systems shall be readily
identifiable by appropriate labeling with the name
and pressure contained. Such labeling shall be by
means of metal tags, stenciling, stamping, or
adhesive markers, in a manner that is not readily
removable. Where supplementary color identification
of piping is used, it shall be in accordance with the

gases and colors indicated in CGA Pamphlet C-9,

Standard Color-Marking of Compressed Cylinders
Intended for Medical Gas Use, See Table 13-1.

1323.1 Piping shall be labeled by stenciling or
adhesive markers that identify the medical gas,
support gas, or vacuum system and include:

(1) The name of the gas/vacuum system or the
chemical symbol per NFPA 99: Table 5.1.11.

(2) The gas or vacuum system color code per
NFPA 99 Table 5.1.11.

(3) Where positive-pressure gas piping systems
operate at pressures other than the standard
gauge in NFPA 99 Table 5.1.11, the pipe labeling
shall include the operating pressure in addition
to the name of the gas. [NFPA 99: 5.1.11.1.1]

Pipe labels shall be located as follows:

(1) At intervals of not more than 20 ft (6,100 mm).

(2) At least once in or above every room.

(3) On both sides of walls or partitions penetrated
by the piping.

(4) At least once in every story height traversed
by risers. [NFPA 99: 5.1.11.1.2]

1 323.2 Shutoff valves shall be identified as follows:

(1) The name or chemical symbol for the
specific medical gas or vacuum system.

(2) The room or areas served.

(3) A caution to not close or open valve except
in emergency. [NFPA 99: 5.1.11.2.1]

1 323.3 Station outlets and inlets shall be identified as
to the name or chemical symbol for the specific
medical gas or vacuum provided. [NFPA 99 :
5.1.11.3.1]

1323.4 The shutoff valves described in Sections
1320.4, 1320.5, and 1320.6 shall be labeled to reflect
the rooms that are controlled by such valves.
Labeling shall be kept current from initial
construction through acceptance. Valves shall be
labeled in substance as follows:

In-line shutoff valves shall be labeled in substance
as foUows:

CAUTION

(NAME OF MEDICAL GAS) VALVE

DO NOT CLOSE EXCEPT IN EMERGENCY

THIS VALVE CONTROLS SUPPLY TO...

Source valves shall be labeled in substance as
follows:

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HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND
MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

SOURCE VALVE

FOR THE (SOURCE NAME).

Main line valves shall be labeled in substance as
follows:

MAIN LINE VALVE FOR THE

(GASA^ACUUM NAME) SERVING THE

(NAME OF BUILDING).

Riser valve(s) shall be labeled in substance as
follows:

RISER FOR THE (GAS/VACUUM NAME)

SERVING (NAME OF THE AREA/BUILDING

SERVED BY THE PARTICULAR RISER).

Service valve(s) shall be labeled in substance as
follows:

SERVICE VALVE FOR THE

(GAS/VACUUM NAME) SERVING

(NAME OF THE AREA/BUILDING

SERVED BY THE PARTICULAR VALVE).

[NFPA 99: 5.1.11.2.3-6]

1324.0 Alarms. All master, area, and local alarm
systems used for medical gas and vacuum systems
shall include the following:

(1) Separate visual indicators for each condition
monitored, except as permitted for local
alarms that are displayed on master alarm
panels.

(2) Visual indicators that remain in alarm until
the situation that has caused the alarm is
resolved.

(3) A cancelable audible indication of each
alarm condition that produces a sound
with a minimum level of 80 dBA at 3 feet
(920 mm).

(4) A means to visually identify a lamp or LED
failure.

(5) Visual and audible indication that the
wiring to an alarm initiating device is
disconnected.

(6) Labeling of each indicator, indicating the
condition monitored.

(7) Labeling of each alarm panel for its area of
surveillance.

(8) Re-initiation of the audible signal if another
alarm condition occurs while the audible
alarm is silenced.

(9) Power for master and area alarms from the
life safety branch of the emergency electrical
system as described in Chapter 4, Electrical
Systems.

1323.4-1325.1

(10) Power for local alarms, dew point sensors,
and carbon monoxide sensors permitted to
be from the same essential electrical branch
as is used to power the air compressor
system.

(11) Wiring from switches or sensors that is
supervised or protected as required by
Section 517.30(C)(3) of NFPA 70, National
Electrical Code, for emergency system circuits.

(12) Assurance by the responsible authority of
the facility that the labeling of alarms, where
room numbers or designations are used, is
accurate and up-to-date.

(13) Provisions for automatic restart after a power
loss of 10 seconds (e.g., during generator
startup) without giving false signals or
requiring manual reset. [NFPA 99: 5.1.9.1(1),
(3), (4), (5), (6), (7)]

1324.1 Fimctioning of all alarm components shall be
verified in accordance with testing and monitoring
requirements of the manufacturer and the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

1325.0 Medical Air System.

compressors shall be installed

Medical air
in a well-lit,
ventilated, and clean location and shall be accessible.
The location shall be provided with drainage
facilities. The medical air compressor area shall be
located separately from medical gas cylinder system
sources, and shall be readily accessible for
maintenance.

1325.1 Medical air compressors shall be sufficient to
serve the peak calculated demand with the largest
single compressor out of service. In no case shall
there be fewer than 2 (two) compressors. [NFPA 99:
5.1.3.5.11.2]

Medical air compressor systems shall consist of the
following:

(1) Components complying with NFPA 99:
5.1.3.5.4 through NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.10, arranged
per NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.11.

(2) An automatic means to prevent backflow
from all on-cycle compressors through all
off -cycle compressors.

(3) A manual shutoff valve to isolate each
compressor from the centrally piped system
and from other compressors for mairitenance
or repair without loss of pressure in the system.

(4) Intake filter-mufflers of the dry type.

(5) Pressure relief valves set at 50 percent above
line pressure.

(6) Piping between the compressor and the source
shutoff valve compatible with oxygen that

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1325.1 -1326.1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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does not contribute to contaminant levels.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.3.2]

(7) Except as defined in NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.3.2(1)
through NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.3.2(6), materials
and devices used between the medical air
intake and the medical air source valve shall
be permitted to be of any design or construc-
tion appropriate for the service, as determined
by the manufacturer. [NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.3.2]

1 325.2 The medical air compressors shall draw their
air from a source of clean air located where no
contamination is anticipated from engine exhausts,
fuel storage vents, medical-surgical vacuum system
discharges, particulate matter, or odor of any type.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.13.1]

1325.3 Compressor intake piping shall be hard-
drawn seamless copper, and one of the following:

(1) ASTM B 819, Standard Specification for
Seamless Copper Tube for medical Gas
Systems, medical gas tube.

(2) ASTM B 88, Standard Specification for
Seamless Copper Water Tube, water tube
(Type K or L).

(3) ASTM B 280, Standard Specification for Seam-
less Copper Tubing for Air Conditioning and
Refrigeration Field Service, 280ACR tube.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.13.4]

The compressor air intake shall be located
outdoors above roof level, at a minimum distance of
10 feet (3,050 mm) from any door, window, exhaust,
other intake, or opening in the building and a
minimum distance of 6,100 mm (20 feet) above the
ground. [NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.13.2]

If an air source equal to or better than outside air
(e.g., air already filtered for use in operating room
ventilating systems) is available, it shall be permitted
to be used for the medical air compressors with the
following provisions:

(1) This alternate source of supply air shall be
available on a continuous 24-hours-per-day,
7-days-per-week basis.

(2) Ventilating systems having fans with motors
or drive belts located in the air stream shall
not be used as a source of medical air intake.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.13.3]

Air intakes for separate compressors shall be
permitted to be joined together to one common
intake where the following conditions are met:

(1) The common intake is sized to minimize
back pressure in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations

(2) Each compressor can be isolated by manual
or check valve, blind flange, or tube cap to

prevent open inlet piping when compressors
are removed from service and consequent
backflow of room air into the other com-
pressor(s). [NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.13.5]

1325.3.1 Each medical air compressor shall have
an isolation valve installed so that shutting off or
failure of the largest unit will not affect the
operation of the other unit(s).

1325.4 Drains shall be installed on dryers,
aftercoolers, separators, and receivers.

1325.5 Medical air receivers shall be provided with
proper valves to allow the flow of compressed air to
enter and exit out of separator receive ports during
normal operation and allow the receiver to be by-
passed during service, without shutting down the
medical air system. [NFPA 99: 5.1.3.5.11.4]

1325.6 Medical Air Receivers. Receivers for
medical air shall meet the following requirements:

(1) Be made of corrosion-resistant materials or
otherwise be made corrosion resistant.

(2) Comply with Section VIII, Unfired Pressure
Vessels, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code.

(3) Be equipped with a pressure-relief valve,
automatic drain, manual drain, sight glass,
and pressure indicator.

(4) Be of a capacity sufficient to prevent the
compressor from short cycling. [NFPA 99:
5.1.3.5.6]

Piping within compressor systems upstream
of the source shutoff valve shall comply with
Sections 1316 and 1319, except that stainless steel
shall be permitted to be used as a piping
material.

1326.0 l\/ledical Vacuum Pump System. The

vacuum plant shall be installed in a well-lit,
ventilated, and clean location with ample accessibility.
The location shall be provided with drainage facilities.
The vacuum plant, when installed as a source, shall be
located separately from other medical vacuum system
sources, and shall be readily accessible for
m.aintenance.

1326.1 Medical-surgical vacuum sources shall
consist of the following:

(1) Two or more vacuum pumps sufficient to
serve the peak calculated demand with the
largest single vacuum pump out of service.

(2) An automatic means to prevent backflow
from any on-cycle vacuum pumps through
any off-cycle vacuum pumps.

(3) A shutoff valve or other isolation means to
isolate each vacuum pump from the

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HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND
MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

centrally piped system and other vacuum
pumps for maintenance or repair without
loss of vacuum in the system.

(4) A vacuum receiver.

(5) Piping between the vacuum pump(s),
discharge(s), receiver(s), and the vacuum
source shutoff valve shall be in accordance
with 5.1.10.2, except that stainless, galvanized,
or black steel pipe shall be permitted to be used.

(6) Except as defined in NFPA 99: 5.1.3.6.1.2(1)
through NFPA 99: 5.1.3.6.1.2(5), materials
and devices used between the medical
vacuum exhaust and the medical vacuum
source shall be permitted to be of any design
or construction appropriate for the service,
as determined by the manufacturer. [NFPA
99: 5.1.3.6.1.2(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6)]

1326.1.1 Additional pumps shall automatically
activate when the pumps in operation are
incapable of adequately maintaining the
required vacuum.

Automatic or manual alternation of pumps
shall allow division of operating time. If automatic
alternation of pum^ps is not provided, the facility
staff shall arrange a schedule for manual
alternation. [NFPA 99: 5.1.3.6.6.1, 5.1.3.6.6.2]

1326.2 The medical-surgical vacuum pumps shall
exhaust in a manner and location that will minimize
the hazards of noise and contamination to the facility
and its environment.

The exhaust shall be located as follows:

(1) Outdoors.

(2) At least 10 feet (3,050 mm) from any door,
window, air intake, or other openings in
buildings.

(3) At a level different from air intakes.

(4) Where prevailing w^inds, adjacent buildings,
topography, or other influences that would
not divert the exhaust into occupied areas or
prevent dispersion of the exhaust.

The end of the exhaust shall be turned down
and screened or otherwise be protected against
the entry of vermin, debris, or precipitation by
screening fabricated or composed of a non-
corroding material.

The exhaust shall be piped of materials
approved for medical-surgical vacuum piping
under Section 1316.3 (Vacuum tubes).

The exhaust shall be free of dips and loops
that might trap condensate or oil. Where such
low points are unavoidable, a drip leg and
valved drain shall be installed. [NFPA 99:
5.1.3.6.7.1-5.1.3.6.7.5]

1326.1 -1327.1

1326.2.1 Vacuum exhausts from multiple
pumps shall be permitted to be joined together
to one common exhaust where the following
conditions are met:

(1) The common exhaust is sized to
minimize back-pressure in accordance
with the pump manufacturer's recom-
mendations.

(2) Each pump can be isolated by manual
or check valve, blind flange, or tube cap
to prevent open exhaust piping when
pumps are removed for service and
consequent flow of exhaust air into the
room. [NFPA 99: 5.1.3.6.7.6]

1326.3 Receivers for vacuum shall meet the
following requirements:

(1) Be made of ferrous and/or nonferrous
materials.

(2) Comply with Section VIII, Unfired Pressure
Vessels, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code.

(3) Be capable of withstanding a gauge pressure
of 415 kPa (60 psi) and 29.9 inch (760 mm)
gauge HgV.

(4) Be equipped with a manual drain.

(5) Be of a capacity based on the technology of
the pumps. [NFPA 99: 5.1.3.6.3]

1326.4 Piping between vacmm:i pumps, discharges,
receivers, and the vacuum main line valve shall be in
accordance with Section 1316.1, except that steel pipe
shall be permitted to be either black or galvanized.

1 326.5 Drains shall be installed and terminate in an
approved location.

1327.0 Testing and Inspection.

1327.1 Inspection and testing shall be performed on
all-new^ piped gas systems, additions, renovations,
temporary installations, or repaired systems, to
ensure the facility, by a documented procedure, that
all applicable provisions of this document have been
adhered to and system integrity has been achieved
or maintained. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.1.1.]

1327.1.1 Tests and inspections required by this
section shall not be interpreted to conflict with
the requirements of NFPA 99 Standard for Health
Care Facilities. Final certification or verification
shall require the completion of all tests and
inspections required by Sections 4-3.4.1.1, 4-
3.4.1.2, and 4-3.4.1.3 of NFPA 99 Standard for
Health Care Facilities. For requirements of the
portions of medical gas and medical vacuum
systems testing and inspection not addressed in
this chapter or medical gas and medical vacuum
systems testing and inspection beyond the scope

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NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

215

1327.1 -1327.9

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

of this chapter, refer to NFPA 99 Standard for
Health Care Facilities.

1327.2 All systems that are breached and com-
ponents that are subject to additions, renovations, or
replacement (e.g., new gas sources: bulk, manifolds,
compressors, dryers, alarms) shall be inspected and
appropriately tested. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.1.3]

1327.2.1 Systems shall be deemed breached at
the point of pipeline intrusion by physical
separation or by system component removal,
replacement, or addition.

Breached portions of the systems subject to
inspection and testing shall be confined to only
the specific altered zone and components in the
immediate zone or area that is located
upstream for vacuum systems and down-
stream for pressure gases at the point or area of
intrusion. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.1.4, 5.1.12.1.5]

1327.3 Advance Notice. It shall be the duty of the
person doing the work authorized by the permit to
notify the Authority Having Jurisdiction, orally or in
writing, that said work is ready for inspection. Such
notification shall be given not less than twenty-four
(24) hours before the work is to be inspected.

1327.4 Responsibility. The equipment, material,
and labor necessary for inspection and testing shall
be furnished by the permit holder or by the person
w^ho is requiring the inspection.

1327.5 Testing. The test shall be conducted in the
presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction or a
duly appointed representative.

1327.6 Retesting. If the Authority Having
Jurisdiction finds that the work does not pass tests,
necessary corrections shall be made and the work
shall then be resubmitted for test or inspection.

1327.7 Initial Pressure Test - Piped Gas Systems.

Before attachment of system components (e.g.,
pressure-actuating switches for alarms, manifolds,
pressure gauges, or pressure-relief valves), but after
installation of the station outlets and inlets, with test
caps in place, each section of the piping system shall
be subjected to a test pressure of one and a one-half
(1-1/2) times the working pressure [minimum one
hundred-fifty (150) psig (1 Mpa gauge)] with oil-free
dry nitrogen. This test pressure shall be maintained
until each joint has been examined for leakage by
means of soapy water or other equally effective
means of leak detection safe for use with oxygen. The
source shutoff valve shall be closed. Leaks, if any,
shall be located, repaired, and retested in accordance
with this paragraph. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.3.7]

1327.8 Cross-Connection Test - Piped Gas
Systems. It shall be determined that no cross-
connections exist between the various medical gas
and vacuum piping systems. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.4]

All piping systems shall be reduced to
atmospheric pressure. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.4.1]

Sources of test gas shaU be disconnected from aU
piping systems except for the one system being tested.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.4.2]

The system under test shall be charged with
oil-free, dry nitrogen NF to a gauge pressure of
50 psi (345 kPa). [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.4.3]

After the installation of the individual faceplates
with appropriate adapters matching outlet/inlet
labels, each individual outlet/ inlet in each installed
medical gas and vacuum piping system shall be
checked to determine that the test gas is being
dispensed only from the piping system being tested.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.4.4]

1327.8.1 The source of test gas shall be
disconnected, and the system tested shall be
reduced to atmospheric pressure. The cross-
connection test referenced in NFPA 99
5.1.12.2.4 shall be repeated for each installed
medical gas and vacuum piping system.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.4.1, 5.1.12.2.4.5]

1327.8.2 Where a m^edical vacuum system is
installed, the cross-connection testing shall
include that piped vacuum system with all
medical gas-piping systems.

1327.8.3 All medical-surgical vacuum systems
shall be in operation so that these vacuum
systems are tested at the same time the medical
gas systems are tested. The proper labeling and
identification of system outlets /inlets shall be
confirmed during these tests. [NFPA 99:
5.1.12.2.4.6]

1327.9 Final Testing Standing Pressure Test -
Piped Gas Systems. After successful completion of
the initial pressure tests imder Section 1327.7, medical
gas distribution piping shall be subject to a standing
pressure test. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.6]

Tests shall be conducted after the final
installation of station outlet valve bodies, face plates,
and other distribution system components (e.g.,
pressure alarm devices, pressure indicators, line
pressure-relief valves, manufactured assemblies,
hose, etc.). [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.6.1]

The source valve shall be closed during this test.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.6.2]

The piping systems shall be subjected to a 24-hour
standing pressure test using oil-free, dry nitrogen NF.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.6.3]

Test pressures shall be 20 percent above the
normal system operating line pressure. [NFPA 99:
5.1.12.2.6.4]

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA,

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

216

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
'NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND
MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

1327.9.1 After the piping system is filled with
test gas, the supply valve and all outlets shall be
closed and the source of test gas disconnected.
Tests shall be conducted after the final
installation of station outlet valve bodies, face
plates, and other distribution system
components (e.g., pressure alarm devices,
pressure indicators, line pressure-relief valves,
manufactured assemblies, hose, etc.). [NFPA 99:
5.1.12.2.6.1]

The source valve shall be closed during this test.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.6.2]

The piping systems shall be subjected to a
24-hour standing pressure test using oil-free,
dry nitrogen NF. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.6.3]

Test pressures shall be 20 percent above
the normal system operating line pressure.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.6.4]

Leaks, if any, shall be located, repaired (if
permitted), or replaced (if required), and
retested. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.6.6]

At the conclusion of the tests, there shall be
no change in the test pressure other than that
attributed to changes of ambient temperature.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.6.5]

1327.10 Initial Pressure Test - Piped Vacuum
Systems. Each section of the piping in medical gas
and vacuum systems shall be pressure-tested. [NFPA
99: 5.1.12.2.3.1]

Initial pressure tests shall be conducted as follows:

(1) After installation of station outlets /inlets
rough-in assemblies. Test caps shall be
permitted to be used.

(2) Prior to the installation of components of the
distribution piping system that would be
damaged by the test pressure (e.g.,
pressure/vacuum alarm devices, pres-
sure/vacuum indicators, line pressure-relief
valves, manufactured assemblies with
flexible hose, etc.). [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.3.2]

The source shutoff valve shall remain closed
during these tests. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.3.3]

The test pressure for pressure gases shall be
1.5 times the system working pressure but
not less than a gauge pressure of 150 psi
(1,035 kPa). [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.3.4]

The test pressure for vacuum shall be not
less than a gauge pressure of 60 psi (415 kPa).
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.3.5]

The test pressure shall be maintained until
each joint has been examined for leakage by
means of soapy water or other equally effective
means of leak detection that is safe for use with
oxygen. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.3.6]

Leaks, if any, shall be located, repaired (if
permitted), replaced (if required), and retested.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.3.7]

1327.9-1327.13

1327.11 Standing Pressure Test - Piped Vacuum
Systems. After successful completion of the initial
pressure tests under Section 1327.10, vacuum
distribution piping shall be subjected to a standing
vacuum test. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.7]

Tests shall be conducted after installation of all
components of the vacuum system. [NFPA 99:
5.1.12.2.7.1]

The piping systems shall be subjected to a 24-
hour standing vacuum test. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.7.2]

Test pressure shall be between 12 inch (300 mm)
gauge HgV and full vacuum. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.7.3]

During the test, the source of test vacuum shall
be discorvnected from the piping system. [NFPA 99:
5.1.12.2.7.4]

At the conclusion of the test, there shall be no
change in the vacuum other than that attributed to
changes of ambient temperature, as permitted in the
following: [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.7.5]

Test vacuum changes due to expansion or
contraction shall be permitted to be determined by
means of the following pressure temperature
relationship:

(1) The calculated final absolute pressure equals
the initial absolute pressure times the final
absolute temperature, divided by the initial
absolute temperature.

(2) Absolute pressure is the gauge pressure
reading plus 14.7 psi (101.4 kPa).

(3) Absolute temperature is the temperature
reading plus 460°F (238°C).

(4) The final allowable gauge pressure reading
equals the final allowable absolute pressure
minus a gauge pressure of 14.7 psi (101.4
kPa). [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.2.7.6]

Leaks, if any, shall be located, repaired (if permitted),
or replaced (if required), and retested. [NFPA 99:
5.1.12.2.7.7]

1327.12 Corrections. Notices of correction or
violation shall be written by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction and may be posted at the site of the work
or mailed or delivered to the permittee or an
authorized representative. Refusal or failure to
comply with any such notice or order within ten (10)
days of receipt thereof shall be considered a violation
of this code, and shall be subject to the penalties set
forth elsewhere in this code for violations.

1327.13 Approval. Upon satisfactory completion of
all tests and certification of the medical gas and
medical vacuum systems, a certificate of approval
shall be issued by the Authority Having Jurisdiction
to the permittee.

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA"

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

NFPA

217

1327.14-1328.4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

1327.14 Covering or Use. No medical gas or medical
vacuum system or part thereof shall be covered,
concealed, or put into use until it has been tested,
inspected, and accepted as required in this code.

1327.15 Uncovering. Any medical gas and vacuum
system or part thereof that is covered or concealed
before testing and inspected as required in this code
shall be uncovered for inspection, after notice to
uncover the work has been issued to the permittee or
his authorized representative by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

1328.0 System Certification.

1328.1 Prior to any medical gas system being placed
in service, each and every system shall be certified,
as described in Section 1328.2.

1328.1.1 Verification tests shall be performed
only after all tests required in Section 1327.0,
Installer-Performed Tests, have been completed.
[NFPA 99: 5.1.12.3.1.1]

Testing shall be conducted by a party
technically competent and experienced in the
field of medical gas and vacuum pipeline testing
and meeting the requirements of ANSI/ASSE
Standard 6030, Medical Gas Verifiers Professional
Qualifications Standard. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.3.1.3]

Testing shall be performed by a party other
than the installing contractor. [NFPA 99:
5.1.12.3.1.4]

When systems have been installed by in-
house personnel, testing shall be permitted by
personnel of that organization who meet the
requirements of this section. [NFPA 99:
5.1.12.3.1.5]

1 328.2 Certification tests, verified and attested to by
the certification agency, shall include the following:

1328.2.1 Verifying compliance with the
. installation requirements.

1328.2.2 Testing and checking for leakage,
correct zoning, and identification of control
valves.

1328.2.3 Checking for identification and
labeling of pipelines, station outlets, and control
valves.

1 328.2.4 Testing for cross-connection, flow rate,
system pressure drop, and system performance.

1328.2.5 Functional testing of pressure relief
valves and safety valves.

1328.2.6 Functional testing of all sources of
supply.

1328.2.7 Functional testing of alarm systems,
including accuracy of system components.

1328.2.8 Purge flushing of system and filling
with specific source gases.

1328.2.9 Testing for purity and cleanliness of
source gases.

1328.2.10 Testing for specific gas identity at each
station outlet.

1328.3 The inspection and testing reports shall be
submitted directly to the party that contracted for the
testing, who shall submit the report through channels
to the responsible facility authority and any others that
are required. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.1.6]

Reports shall contain detailed listings of all
findings and results. [NFPA 99: 5.1.12.1.7]

1328.4 A report that includes at least the specific
items mentioned in Section 1328.2 and all other
information required by NFPA 99 Standard for Health
Care Facilities shall be delivered to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction prior to acceptance of the system.

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

218

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND
MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

Table 13-1

TABLE 13-1 [NFPA 99 TABLE 5.1.11]
Standard Designation Colors and Operating Pressures for Gas and Vacuum Systems

Gas Service

Abbreviated
Name

Colors
(Background/Text)

Standard
Gauge Pressure

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Medical air

Carbon dioxide

Med Air

CO.

Helium

Nitrogen

Nitrous oxide

He

Nn

NoO

Yellow /black

Gray /black or
gray /white

Brown /white
Black/white
Blue/ white

345-380 kPa
(50-55 psi)

345-380 kPa
(50-55 psi)

345-380 kPa
(50-55 psi)

1,100-1,275 kPa
(160-185 psi)

345-380 kPa
(50-55 psi)

Oxygen

Oxygen /carbon .
dioxide mixture

Medical-surgical vacuum

Waste anesthetic
gas disposal

Other mixtures

O2

O2/CO2 n
(nis%ofC02)

Med Vac

WAGD

Gas A%/ Gas B%

Green /white or
white /green

Green/white

White/black

Violet/white

Colors as above

Major gas for background/

minor gas for text

345-380 kPa
(50-55 psi)

345-380 kPa
(50-55 psi)

360 mm to 760 mm
(15 in. to 30 in. HgV)

Varies with system type
None

Nonmedical air
(level 3 gas-powered device)

Nomnedical and Level 3
vacuum

Laboratory air
Laboratory vacuum
Instrument air

Yellow-and-white diagonal
stripe /black

White-and-black diagonal
stripe /black boxed

Yellow-and-white
checkerboard /black

White-and-black
checkerboard /black boxed

Red/white

None

None

None

None

1,100-1,275 kPa
(160-185 psi)

219

Table 13-2 -Table 13-3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE 13-2
Minimum Flow Rates

Oxygen

Nitrous Oxide

Medical Compressed Air

Nitrogen

Vacuum

Carbon Dioxide

Helium

.71 CFM per outlet' (20 LPM)

.71 CFM per outlet (20 LPM)

.71 CFM per outlef (20 LPM)

15 CFM (0.42 mVmin.) free air per outlet

1 SCFM (0.03 smVmin.) per inlet'-

.71 CFM per outlef (20 LPM)

.71 CFM per outlet (20 LPM)

Any room designed for a permanently located respiratory ventilator or anesthesia machine shall have an
outlet capable of a flow rate of 180 LPM (6.36 CFM) at the station outlet.

For testing and certification purposes, individual station inlets shall be capable of a flow rate of 3 SCFM,
while maintaining a system pressure of not less than 12 inches (305 mm) at the nearest adjacent vacuum
inlet.

TABLE 13-3
l\/linjmum Outlets/Inlets per Station

Location

Oxygen Medical Medical Nitrous Nitrogen Helium Carbon
Vacuum Air Oxide Dioxide

Patient rooms for
medical / surgical,
obstetrics, and pediatrics

Examination / treatment
for nursing units

Intensive care (all)

Nursery'

General operating rooms

Cystoscopic and invasive
special procedures

Recovery delivery and
labor /delivery/
recovery rooms^

Labor rooms

First aid and emergency
treatment^

Autopsy

Anesthesia workroom

1/bed

1/bed

1/bed

1/bed

1/bed

—

3/bed

3/bed

2/bed

2/bed

2/bed

1/bed

2/room

3 /room*

2/room

2 /room

3 /room"

2/room

2/bed

2/bed

1/bed

2/room

3 /room*

1/room

1/bed

1/bed

1/bed

1/bed

1/bed*

1/bed

— 1 / station 1 / station

1 / station — 1 / station

1/room 1/room^

Includes pediatric nursery.

Includes obstetric recovery.

Emergency trauma rooms used for surgical procedures shall be classified as general operating rooms.

Vacuum inlets required are in addition to any inlets used as part of a scavenging system for removal of
anesthetizing gases.

220

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND
MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

Table 13-4 -Table 13-5

TABLE 13-4

System

Sizing - Flow Requirements for Station Inlet/Outlef

Minimum Permissible

Number of

Inlet/Outlet Terminal

Units per Facility

Diversity Percentage

of Average Flow per

Inlet/Outlet Terminal Units

System Flow'
SCFM (liters/minute)

All Pressurized Vacuum
Medical Gas Systems Systems

1-10

100%

Actual Demand See

11-25

75%

7.0 (200) Table

26-50

50%

13.1 (375) 13-5

51-100

50%

17.5 (500)

Flow rates of station inlets /outlets per Table 13-2.

The minimum system flow is the average inlet/outlet flow times the number of station inlets /outlets times the diversity

percentage.

TABLE 13-5
Outlet Rating for Vacuum Piping Systems

Free- Air Allowance,

Expressed as CFM (LPM)

at 1 Atmosphere

Zone Allowances

Corridors-Risers

Main Supply Line-Valves

Location of Medical-Surgical
Vacuum Outlets

Per Room

Per Outlet

Simultaneous

Usage,
Factor Percent

Air to Be
Transported
CFM (LPM)*

Operating Rooms

Major "A"(Radical, Open Heart)
(Organ Transplant)
(Radical Thoracic)

Major "B"(A11 Other Major ORs)

Minor

3.5 (99.1)
3.5 (99.1)
3.5 (99.1)

2.0 (56.6)

1.0 (28.3)

-

100
100
100

100

100

3.5 (99.1)
3.5 (99.1)
3.5 (99.1)

2.0 (56.6)

1.0 (28.3)

Delivery Rooms

1.0 (28.3)

-

100

1.0 (28.3)

Recovery Rooms (Post-
Anesthesia) and

Intensive Care Units (a minimum
of 2 outlets per bed in each
such department)

1st outlet at each bed
2nd outlet at each bed
3rd outlet at each bed
All others at each bed

3.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

(85.0)
(28.3)
(28.3)
(28.3)

50
50
10
10

1.5 (42.5)

. 0.5 (14.2)

0.1 (2.8)

0.1 (2.8)

Emergency Rooms

-

1.0

(28.3)

100

1.0 (28.3)

Patient Rooms
Surgical
Medical
Nurseries

~

1.0
1.0
1.0

(28.3)
(28.3)
1283) _

50
10
10

0.5 (14.2)
0.1 (2.8)
0.1 (2.8)

Treatment and Examining Rooms

0.5

(14.2)

10

0.05 (1.4)

Autopsy Area

-

2.0

(56.6)

20

0.4 (11.3)

Inhalation Therapy, Central
Supply and Instructional Areas

-

1.0

(28.3)

10

0.1 (2.8)

*Free air at 1 atmosphere

221

Table 13-6 -Table 13-7

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

<

TABLE 13-6
Size of Gas/Vacuum Piping

Maximum Delivery Capacity^ ir

1 SCFM (LPM)

Jt (m)^
500 (152)

750

Medical Gas Pipe Size
System Inch''

100

Length of Piping in Fee
(30) 250 (76)

(228)

1,000

(304)

Oxygen

1/2

3/4

1

15.0
40.0
50.0

(425)
(1,133)
(1,416)

10.6 (300)
28.3 (801)
50.0 (1,416)

7.4.
19.6
40.2

(209)

(555)

(1,138)

5.9
15.7
32.2

(167)
(445)
(912)

5.1
13.3

27.7

(144)
(377)
(784)

1/2
Nitrous Oxide 3/4
1

15.0
30.0
40.0

(425)

(849)

(1,113)

9.5 (269)
24.7 (699)
40.0 (1,133)

6.5
17.1

34.7

(184)
(484)
(983)

5.3

13.7

28.2

(150)
(388)
(7,98)

4.5

11.7

24.3

(127)
(331)
(688)

Medical Air

1/2

3/4

1

18.1
40.0
50.0

(512)
(1,133)
(1,416)

11.1 (314)
29.9 (847)
50.0 (1,416)

7.8
21.0
42.1

(221)

(595)

(1,192)

6.3
16.5

35.8

(177)

(467)

(1,013)

5.3
14.1
29.2

(151)
(399)
(826)

Vacuum

1
1-1/4
1-1/2

2

22.8
40.1
63.7
132.7

(645)
(1,135)
(1,804)
(3,758)

13.7 (388)
24.5 (694)
38.9 (1,101)
81.4 (2,305)

9.5
16.7
26.8
56.0

(269)

(473)

(759)

(1,586)

7.6
13.3
21.1
45.0

(215)

(377)

(600)

(1,274)

6.5
11.2
17.9
38.3

(184)

(317)

(507)

(1,084)

Nitrogen

1/2

3/4

1

25.0
60.0
110.0

(708)
(1,699)
(3,115)

25.0 (708)
60.0 (1,699)
110.0 (3,115)

25.0
60.0
110.0

(708)
(1,699)
(3,115)

23.8
60.0
110.0

(674)
(1,699)
(3,115)

20.6
54.2
110.0

(583)
(1,535)
(3,115)

' Length of piping includes a 30% allowance for fittings.

^ One-half inch (12.7 mm) diameter pipe is the minimum size allowed Ln medical gas systems.

' Based on the following maximum pressure drops:

Oxygen, nitrous oxide, and medical air - 5 psig (10 in. Hg)

Vacuum - 1.96 psig (4 in. Hg)

Nitrogen - 20 psig (41 in. Hg)

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

TABLE 13-7
Maximum Pipe Support Spacing

Pipe Size

Hanger Spacing

mm

ft.

DN8 (NFS 1 /4) (3/8 in. O.D.)

DNIO (NFS 3/8) (1/2 in. O.D.)

DN15 (NFS 1/2) (5/8 in. O.D)

DN20 (NFS 3/4) (7/8 in. O.D.)

DN25 (NFS 1) (1-1/8 in. O.D.)

DN32 (NFS 1-1/4) (1-3/8 in. O.D.)

DN40 (NFS 1-1/2) (1-5/8 in. O.D.)
and larger

Vertical risers, all sizes

Every floor but not to exceed:

1,520

5

1,830

6

1,830

6

2,130

7

2,440

8

2,740

9

3,050

4,570

10

15

[NFFA 99: 5.1.10.6.4.1]

222

CHAPTER 14

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

TABLE 14-1
Standards for Materials, Equipment, Joints, and Connections

Where more than one standard has been listed for the same material or method,
the relevant portions of all such standards shall apply.

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

1 AHAM DW-l-2004

Household Electric Dishwashers

Appliances

AHAM DW-2PR-92

Plumbing Requirements for Household Dishwashers

Apphances

AHAM FWD-1-92

Food Waste Disposers

Appliances

1 AHAM FWD-2PR-89

Household Food Waste Disposer Units

Appliances

ANSIA13.1-96(R03)

Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems

Piping

ANSI A21.10-2003

Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings, 3 in. through 48 in.
(75 mm through 1,200 nmi), for Water and Other Liquids
(same as AWW A CI 10)

Piping, Ferrous

ANSIA21.11-2000

Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe and
Fittings (same as AWWA Clll)

Piping, Ferrous

ANSI A21.51-2002

Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast, for Water (same as
AWWA C151)

Piping, Ferrous

ANSI A2l!53-2000

DuctQe-Iron Compact Fittings, 3 in. through 24 in.
(76 mm through 610 mm) and 54 in. through
64 in. (1400 mm through 1600 mm), for Water Service
(same as AWWA C153)

Pipmg, Ferrous

ANSI A118.10-99

Load, Bearing, Bonded, Waterproof Membranes for

Thin-Set Ceramic Tile and Dimension Stone Installations

Fixtures

ANSI A137.1-88

Ceramic Tile

Miscellaneous

ANSI B2.1-90

Pipe Threads (Except Dryseal) (replaced by ASME Bl. 20.1-98)

Joints

ANSI/CSA LC 3-2000

Appliance Stands and Drain Pans

Miscellaneous

ANSI A117.1-2003

Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities

Miscellaneous

ANSI Z4.1-95

Sanitation in Places of Employment (Table 4-1 Note 6)

Miscellaneous

ANSIZ21.5.1a-2003

Gas Clothes Dryers Type 1 Clothes Dryers

Fuel Gas

ANSIZ21.5.2a-2003

Gas Clothes Dryers Type 2 Clothes Dryers

Fuel Gas

223

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ANSIZ21.10.1-2004

Gas Water Heaters - Volume I - Storage Water Heaters

with Input Ratings of 75,000 Btu per Hour or Less (22 kW)

Appliances

ANSI Z21. 10.3-2004

Gas Water Heaters - Volume in - Storage, with Input
Ratings Above 75,000 Btu per Hour, Circulating and
Instantaneous Water Heaters

Appliances

ANSI Z21.12b-94

Draft Hoods

Appliances

ANSI Z21. 13-2004

Gas-Fired Low-Pressure Steam and Hot- Water Boilers

Appliances

ANSI Z21. 15-97

Manually Operated Gas Valves for Appliances,

Appliance Connector, Valves, and Hose End Valves

Valves

1 ANSI Z21. 22-2000

Relief Valves for Hot- Water Supply Systems

Valves

ANSI Z21.24-2001

Connectors for Gas Appliances

Appliances

ANSI Z21,41-2003

Quick-Disconnect Devices for Use with Gas Fuel Appliances

CSA 6.9-2003

Joints

ANSIZ21.47b-2003

Gas-Fired Central Furnaces

Fuel Gas

ANSIZ21.56-2001

Gas-Fired Fool Heaters

Swimming Pools

CSA 4.7-2001

and Spas

ANSI Z21.69a-2003

Connectors for Movable Gas Appliances

Appliances

CSA 6.16-2003

ANSI Z21.80-2003

Line Pressure Regulators

Fuel Gas

CSA 6.22-M2003

ANSI Z21.81-98

Cylinder Connection Devices

Fuel Gas

CSA 6.25-M98

ANSI Z21. 86-2004

Vented Gas-Fired Space-Heating Appliances

Appliances

CSA 2.32-2004

ANSI Z34.1-93

Certification - Third Party Certification Programs for
Products Processes, and Services

Certification

ANSI Z83.11-2002

Gas Food Service Equipment

Fuel Gas

ANSIZ124.1-95

Plastic Bathtub Units

Fixtures

ANSI Z124.2-95

Plastic Shower Units

Fixtures

ANSI Z124.3-95

Plastic Lavatories

Fixtures

ANSI Z124.4-96

Plastic Water Closet Bowls and Tanks

Fixtures

224

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ANSI Z124.5-97

Plastic Toilet (Water Closet) Seats

Fixtures

ANSI Z124.6-97

Plastic Sinks

Fixtures

ANSI Z124.7-97

Prefabricated Plastic Spa Shells

Fixtures

ANSI Z124.8-90

Plastic Bathtub Liners

Fixtures

lAPMO/ANSI Z124.9-2004

Plastic Urinal Fixtures (Note 1)

Fixtvires

ANSI Z223.1-2002

National Fuel Gas Code (same as NFPA 54)

Fuel Gas

ISEA Z358.1-2004

Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment

Miscellaneous

ARI 1010-2002

Drinking Fountains and Self-Contained,

Mechanically Refrigerated Drinking Water Coolers

Appliances

ASCE 25-99

Earthquake Actuated Automatic Gas Shutoff Devices

Fuel Gas

ASHRAE 90.1-2004

Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings

Miscellaneous

ASME A112.1.2-2004

Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems

Fittings

ASME A112.1.3-2000

Air Gap Fittings for Use with Plumbing Fixtures, Appliances,
and Appurtenances

Fixtures

ASME Al 12.3. 1-93

Stainless Steel Drainage Systems for Sanitary, Storm, and
Chemical Applications, Above and Below Ground (Note 1)

Piping, Ferrous

ASME A112.3.4-2000 (R04)

Macerating Toilet Systems and Related Components

Fixtures

ASME A112.4.1-93(R02)

Water Heater Relief Valve Drain Tubes

Appliances

ASME Al 12.4.2-2003

Water Closet Personal Hygiene Devices

Fixhires

ASME A112.4.3-99 (R04)

Plastic Fittings for Connecting Water Closets to the
Sanitary Drainage System

Piping

ASME Al 12.4.7-2002

Point of Use and Branch Water Submetering Systems

Miscellaneous

ASME A112.6.1M-97 (R02)

Floor- Affixed Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing Fixtures
for PubUc Use

Fixtures

ASME A112.6.2-2000 (R04)

Framing- Affixed Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing
Fixtures

Fixtures

ASME A112.6.3-2001

Floor and Trench Drains

DWV Components

ASME Al 12.6.4-2003

Roof, Deck, and Balcony Drains

DWV Components

ASME Al 12.6.7-2001

Enameled and Epoxy Coated Cast Iron and PVC Plastic
Sanitary Floor Sinks

Fixtures

225

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASME A112.14.1-2003

Backwater Valves

Valves

ASME A112.14.3-2000

Grease Interceptors

Fixtures

ASME A112.14.4-2001

Grease Removal Devices

Fixtures

ASME A112.18.1-2005/

Plumbing Supply Fittings

Fixtures

CSA B125.1-05

ASME Al 12.18.2-2005/

Plumbing Waste Fittings

Fittings

CSA B125.2-05

ASME A112.18.3-2003

Backflow Protection Devices and Systems in

Kitchen, Lavatory, and

Plumbing Fixtures

Shower Fittings with

ASME A112.18.6-2003

Flexible Water Connectors

Piping

ASME A112.18.7-99 (R04)

Deck Mounted Bath/Shower Transfer Valves with
Integral Backflow Protection

Valves

ASME A112.19.1M-94 (R04)

Enameled Cast-Iron Plumbing Fixtures
(Supplement 1-1998)

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.2M-2003

Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures and Hydraulic Fixtures
Requirements for Water Closets and Urinals

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.3M-01(R04)

Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures (Designed for
Residential Use)

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.4M-94(R04)

Porcelain-Enameled Formed Steel Plumbing Fixtures
(Supplement 1-1998)

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.5-99

Trim for Water-Closet Bowls, Tanks, and Urinals

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.7M-95

Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.8M-87(R96)

Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading

Swimcming Pools

Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances

and Spas

ASME A112.19.9M-91 (R02)

Non- Vitreous Ceramic Plimibing Fixtures

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.10-2003

Dual Flush Devices for Water Closets

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.12-2000

Wall Mounted and Pedestal Mounted Adjustable and Pivoting
Lavatory and Sink Carrier System

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.13-2002

Electrohydraulic Water Closets

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.14-2001

Six-Liter Water Closets Equipped with a Dual Flashing Device

Fixtures

ASME A112.19.15-2001

Bathtub /Whirlpool Bathtubs with Pressure Sealed Doors

Fixtures

226

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASME A112.20.1-2004

Qualification of Installers of High Purity Systems

Swimming Pools & Spas

ASME A112.20.2-2004

Qualification of Installers of Firestop Systems and Devices for
Piping Systems

Certification

ASME A112.21.3M-85 (ROl)

Hydrants for Utility and Maintenance Use (Note 1)

Valves

ASME A112.36.2M-91 (R02)

Cleanouts (Note 1)

DWV Components

ASME Bl.20.1-83 (ROl)

Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch

Joints

ASME Bl.20.3-76 (R03)

Dryseal Pipe Threads, Inch

Joints

ASME B16.1-98

Cast-Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Classes 25,
125, 250, and 800

Piping, Ferrous

ASME B16.3-98

Malleable-Iron Threaded Fittings

Piping, Ferrous

ASME B16.4-98

Gray Iron Threaded Fittings (Includes Revision Services)

Piping, Ferrous

ASME B16.5-2003

Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

Joints

ASME B16.12-98

Iron Threaded Drainage Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Ferrous

ASME B16.15-85 (R04)

Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings, Classes 125 and 250

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASME B16.18-2001

Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASME B16.21-92

NonmetalUc Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

Joints

ASME B16.22-2001

Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure
Fittings Alloy

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASME B16.23-2002

Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings - DWV

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASME B16.24-2001

Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASME B16.26-88

Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASME B16.29-2001

Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint
Drainage Fittings-DWV Alloy (Note 1)

Piping, Copper Alloy

1 ASME B16.33-2002

Manually Operated MetaUic Gas Valves for Use in Gas
Piping Systems up to 125 psig

Valves

ASME B16.34-96

Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End

Valves

ASME B16.39-98

Pipe Unions, Malleable Iron Threaded (Includes Revision
Services)

Piping, Ferrous

1 ASME B16.40- 2002

Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoff and Valves
in Gas Distribution Systems

Fuel Gas

ASME B16.47-96

Large Diameter Steel Flanges

Piping, Ferrous

227

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASME B16.50-2001

Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Braze-Joint Pressure Fittings

Piping, Copper AUoy

ASME B31.1-2004

Power Piping

Piping

ASME B36.10M-2004

Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

Piping, Ferrous

ASME B36.19-85(R94)

Stainless Steel

Piping, Ferrous

ASME Section IV

Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers

Miscellcmeous

ASME Section VIII

Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

Miscellaneous

ASME Section IX

Welding and Brazing Procedures, Welders, Brazers, and
Welding and Brazing Operators

Certification

1 ASSE 1001-2002

Atmospheric-Type Vacuum Breakers

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1002-99

Anti-Siphon Fill Valves (BaUcocks) for Gravity Water Closet
Flush Tank

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1003-2001

Water Pressure Reducing Valves

Valves ,

ASSE 1004-90

Backflow Prevention Requirements for Commercial
Dishwashing Machines

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1005-99

Water Heater Drain Valves

Valves

ASSE 1006-86

Residential Use Dishwashers

AppUances

ASSE 1007-86

Home Laundry Equipment

AppHances

ASSE 1008-86

Household Food Waste Disposer Units

Appliances

ASSE 1009-90

Commercial Food Waste Grinder Units

Appliances

ASSE 1010-2004

Water Hammer Arresters

Piping

ASSE 1011-2004

Hose-Connection Vacuum Breakers

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1012-2002

Backflow Prevention with Intermediate Atmospheric Vent

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1013-2005

Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Preventers and Reduced
Pressure Fire Protection Principle Backflow Preventers

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1014-2005

Hand-Held Showers

Fixtures

ASSE 1015-2005

Double-Check Backflow Prevention Assembly and Double
Check Fire Protection Backflow Prevention Assemblies

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1016-2005

Valves for Individual Showers and Tub/Shower Combinations

Valves

ASSE 1017-2003

Temperature Actuated Mixing Valves for Hot Water
Distribution Systems

Valves

228

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASSE 1018-2001

Trap Seal Primer Valves, Potable Water Supplied

Valves

ASSE 1019-2004

Vacuum Breaker Wall Hydrant, Freeze-Resistant

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1020-2004

Automatic Draining Type
Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1021-2001

Drains Air Gaps for Domestic Dishwasher Applications

Backflow Protection

1 ASSE 1022-2003

Backflow Prevention for Beverage Dispensing Equipment

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1023-79

Hot Water Dispensers, Household Storage Type, Electrical

Appliances

1 ASSE 1024-2003

Dual Check Valve Backflow Preventers

Backflow Prevention

ASSE 1025-78

Diverters for Pltimbing Faucets with Hose Spray,
Anti-Siphon Type, Residential Applications

Valves

1 ASSE 1032-2004

Dual Check Valve T}^e Backflow Preventers for Carbonated
Beverage Dispensers - Post Mix Types

Backflow Protection

1 ASSE 1035-2002

Laboratory Faucet Backflow Preventer

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1037-90

Pressurized Flushing Devices (Flushometers) for Plumbing
Fixtures

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1044-2001

Trap Seal Primer Devices-Drainage Types and Electronic
Design Types

DWV Components

ASSE 1047-2005

Reduced Pressure Detector Fire Protection Backflow
Prevention Assemblies

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1048-2005

Double Check Detector Fire Protection Backflow
Prevention Assemblies

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1052-2004

Hose Connection Backflow Preventers

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1055-97

Chemical Dispensing Systems

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1056-2001

Spill Resistant Vacuum Breakers

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1062-97

Temperature Actuated Flow Reduction (TAFR) Valves for
Individual Fixture Fittings

Valves

ASSE 1066-97

Individual Pressure Balancing In-Line Valves for Individual
Fixture Fittings (Note 9)

Valves

ASSE 1069-2005

Automatic Temperature Control Mixing Valves

Valves

ASSE 1070-2004

Water Temperature Limiting Devices

Valves

ASSE Series 5000-2004

Professional Qualification Standard for Backflow Prevention
Assembly Testers, Repairers, and Surveyors

Backflow Protection

229

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASSE 6000-2004

Medical Gas Systems Installers, Inspectors, and Verifiers,
Maintenance Personnel and Instructors

Certification

ASTMA47-99(R04)

Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 48-2003

Gray Iron Castings

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 53-2004a

Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded,
and Seamless

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 74-2004a

Cast-Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 126-2004

Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 197M-2000

Cupola Malleable Iron (Metric)

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 269-2004

Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for
General Service

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 312-2004b

Seamless and Heavy Cold Worked Welded Austenitic
Stainless Steel Pipes

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 377-2003

Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 479-2005

Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other
Pressure Vessels

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 518-99(R03)

Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Iron Castings

Piping, Ferrous

ASTMA536-84(R04)

Ductile Iron Castings

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 653M-2004a

Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron
Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 733-2003

Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and Austenitic
Stainless Steel Pipe Nipples

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 861-2004

High-Silicon Iron Pipe and Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM A 888-2004a

Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and
Storm Drain Waste and Vent Piping Applications

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM B 29-2003

Refined Lead

Joints

ASTM B 32-2004

Solder Metal (Note 4)

Joints

ASTM B 42-2002='

Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 43-98(R04)

Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes

Piping, Copper Alloy

230

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASTMB 75-2002

Seamless Copper Tube

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTMB 88-2003

Seamless Copper Water Tube

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 135-2002

Seamless Brass Tube (Metric)

Piping, Copper Alloy"

ASTM B 152-2000

Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar

Miscellaneous

ASTM B 251-2002-=^

General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper
Copper- Alloy Tube

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 280-2003

SeaiTiIess Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
Field Service

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 302-2002

Threadless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 306-2002

Copper Drainage Tube (DWV)

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 370-2003

Copper Sheet and Strip for Building Construction

Miscellaneous

ASTM B 447-2002

Welded Copper Tube

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 584-2004

Copper Alloy Sand Casting for General Applications (Note 5)

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 587-97"' (R03)

Welded Brass Tube

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 687-99

Brass, Copper, and Chromiiun-Plated Pipe Nipples

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 813-2000"'

Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering Applications of
Copper and Copper Alloy Tube

Joints

ASTM B 819-2000

Seamless Copper Tube for Medical Gas Systems

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASTM B 828-2002

Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and
Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings

Joints

ASTM C 14-2003

Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe

Piping, Non-Metallic

ASTM C 296-2000

Asbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe

Piping, Non-Metallic

ASTM C 412-2003

Concrete Drain Tile

Piping, Non-Metallic

ASTM C 425-2004

Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings

Joints

ASTM C 428-97(R02)<^'

Asbestos-Cement Nonpressure Sewer Pipe (Notes 6 and 7)

Piping, Non-Metallic

ASTM C 443-2005

Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe,
Using Rubber Gaskets

Joints

ASTM C 478-2003a

Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections

Miscellaneous

ASTM C 564-2003a

Rubber Gaskets for Cast-Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

Joints

231

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASTM C 700-2002

Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength,
and Perforated

Piping, Non-MetalHc

ASTM C 1053-2000

Borosilicate Glass Pipe and Fittings for Drain, Waste,
and Vent (DWV) Applications (Note 1)

Piping, Non-Metallic

ASTM C 1173-2004

Flexible Transition Couplings for Underground
Piping Systems

Joints

ASTM C 1277-2004

Shielded Couplings Joining Hubless Cast-iron Soil
Pipe and Fittings

Piping, Ferrous

ASTM C 1440-2003

Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Gasket Materials for Drain,
Waste, and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary and Storm
Plumbing Systems

Piping, Plastic

ASTM C 1460-2004

Shielded Transition Couplings for Use with Dissimilar DWV
Pipe and Fittings Above Ground

Piping, Plastic

ASTM C 1461-2002

Mechanical Couplings Using Thermoplastic Elastomeric
(TPE) Gaskets for Joining Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV);
Sewer; Sanitary; and Storm Plumbing Systems for Above
and Below Ground

Piping, Plastic

ASTM C 1540-2004

Heavy Duty Shielded Couplings Joining Hubless Cast Iron
Son Pipe and Fittings

Joints

ASTM D 1527-99^'

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe,
Sch.40and80

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 1784-2003

Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and
Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds

Piping, Plastic

ASTMD1785-2004a

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Sch. 40, 80, and 120

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 1869-95(R00)

Rubber O-rings for Asbestos-Cement Pipe

Joints

ASTM D 2104-2003

Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Sch. 40

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2235-2004

Solvent Cement for Acrylorutrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Plastic Pipe and Fittings

Joints

ASTM D 2239-2003

Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR) Based on
Controlled Inside Diameter

Piping, Plastic

ASTMD2241-2004b

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2282-99^^

Acryloniti-ile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2321-2000

Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers
and Other Gravity-Flow Applications

Piping, Plastic

232

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASTM D 2447-2003 ,

Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Sch. 40 and 80 (Based on
Controlled Outside Diameter)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2464-99"^

Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Sch. 80 (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2466-2002

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Sch. 40
(Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2467-2004'=^

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Sch, 80
(Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2513-2004a

Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe Tubing and Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2517-2000'='

Reinforced Epoxy Resin Gas Pressure Pipe and Fittings

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2564-2004

Solvent Cements for Poly(Vtnyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
Piping Systems

Joints

ASTM D 2609-2002

Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2657-2003

Practice for Heating Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pipe
Fittimgs (Note 1)

Joints

ASTM D 2661-2002

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sch. 40 Plastic
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2665-2004a

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and
Vent Pipe and Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2672-96a (R03)

Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent Cement

Joints

ASTM D 2680-2001

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Poly(Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Composite Sewer Piping

Pipii\g, Plastic

ASTM D 2729-2003

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2737-2003

Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2751-96a

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe
and Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2846-99'^'

Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and
Cold- Water Distribution Systems

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 2855-96(R02)

Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Pipe and Fittings

Joints

ASTM D 2996-2001

Filament- Wovmd Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting Resin) Pipe

Piping, Plastic

ASTMD3034-2004a

Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 3035- 2003a

Polyethylene(PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR) (Based on Conhrolled
Outside Diameter)

Piping, Plastic

233

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASTM D 3122-95(R02)

Solvent Cements for Styrene-Rubber (SR) Plastic Pipe
and Fittings

Joints

ASTMD 3138-2004

Solvent Cements for Transition Joints, AcrylonitrUe-Butadiene-
Styrene (ABS) and Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Non-Pressure Piping Components

Joints

ASTM D 3139-98

Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric
Seals

Joints

1 ASTM D 3212-96a (R03)^'

Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible
Elastomeric Seals

Joints

ASTM D 3311-2002^'

Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings
Patterns (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 3965-2004

Rigid Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Materials for Pipe and Fittings

Piping, Plastic

ASTM D 4068-2001

Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) Sheeting for Concealed
Water-Containment Membrane

Fixtures

ASTM D 4101-2004a

Propylene Plastic Injection and Extrusion Materials

Miscellaneous

ASTM D 4551-96 (ROl)

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed
Water-Containment Membrane

Fixtures

ASTM D 6104-97 (R03)

Determining the Performance of Oil/ Water Separators
Subjected to Surface Run-Off

Fixtures

ASTM E 84-2004

Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

Miscellaneous

ASTM E 119-2000a

Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials

Miscellaneous

ASTM E 814- 2002

Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops

Miscellaneous

ASTM F 402-93(R99)

Safe Handling of Solvent Cements, Primers, and Cleaners
Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings

Joints

ASTM F 405-97

Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and Fittings

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 409-2002

Thermoplastic Accessible and Replaceable Plastic Tube
and Tubular Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 437-99

Threaded Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic
Pipe Fittings, Sch. 80

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 438-2004

Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings, Sch. 40

Piping, Plastic

ASTMF439-2002''

Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings, Sch. 80

Piping, Plastic

234

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

1 ASTM F 441-2002

Chlorinated Foly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe,
Sch. 40 and 80

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 442-99

Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe
(SDR-PR)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 480-2002

Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe and Couplings Made in
Standard Dimension Ratios (SDR) Schedtde 40 and Schedule 80

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 493-2004

Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings

Joints

ASTM F 628-2001

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sch. 40 Plastic Drain,
Waste, and Vent Pipe with a Cellular Core, (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 656-2002

Primers for Use in Solvent Cement Joints of

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings

Joints

ASTM F 667-97

Large Diameter Corrugated Polyethylene Tubing and Fittings

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 714-2003

Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (Based on Outside
Diameter)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 789-2003

Type PS-46 and Type PS-115 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe and Fittings (Note 1)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 794-2003

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Gravity Sewer Pipe
and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 810-2001

Smoothwall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe for Use in Drainage and
Waste Disposal Absorption Fields

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 876-2004a

Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 877-2002a

Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Plastic Hot- and
Cold- Water Distribution Systems

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 891-2004

Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe with a
Cellular Core

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 894-98a

Polyethylene (PE) Large Diameter Profile Wall Sewer and
Drain Pipe

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 949-2003

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Corrugated Sewer Pipe with a
Smooth Interior and Fittings

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1216-2003

Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by the
Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1281-2003

Crosslinked Polyethylene / Aluminum/ Crosslinked
Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) Pressure Pipe

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1282-2003

Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE)
Composite Pressure Pipe

Piping, Plastic

235

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASTM F 1412-2001'^

Folyolefin Pipe and Fittings for Corrosive Waste Drainage
Systems

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1476-2001

Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Application

Joints

ASTM F 1673-2004

Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Corrosive Waste

Drainage Systems

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1743-96(R03)

Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by

Pulled-in-Place Installation of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting
Resin Pipe (CIPP)

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1807-2004

Metal Insert Fittings with Copper Crimp Ring for SDR 9
Crossltnked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1866-98

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Drainage and DWV
Fabricated Fittings, Schedule 40

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1924-2001''

Plastic Mechanical Fitting for Use on Outside Diameter
Controlled Polyethylene Gas Distribution Pipe and Tubing

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1948-99a''

Metallic Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside Diameter
Controlled Thermoplastic Gas Distribution Pipe and Tubing

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1960-2003

Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX Reinforcing Rings for Use
with Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1961-2002a

Metal Cold Flare Compression Fittings with Disc Springs
for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1970-2001

Special Engineered Fittings or Appurtenances for Use in Poly
(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Systems

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1973-2002

Factory Assembled Anodeless Riser and Transition Fitting
in Polyethylene (PE) Fuel Gas Distribution Systems

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 1974-2004

Metal Insert Fittings for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene
and Crosslinked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Crosslinked
Polyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 2080-2004

Cold-Expansion Fittings With Metal Compression Sleeves
for Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F 2098-2001

Stainless Steel Clamps for Securing SDR9 Cross-Linked
Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing to Metal Insert Fittings

Joints

ASTM F 2159-2003

Plastic Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper Ring for SDR 9
Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing

Joints

ASTM F 2165-2002

Flexible Pre-Insulated Piping

Piping, Plastic

236

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

ASTM F 2262-2004

Cross-Linked Polyethylene / Alumi num / Cross-Linked
Polyethylene Tubing OD Controlled SDR 9

Piping, Plastic

ASTM F2434-2004

Metal Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper Crimp Ring for SDR9
Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing and SDR9 Cross-
Linked Polyethylene/ Aluminum/Cross-linked Polyethylene
(PEX-AL-PEX) Tubing

Piping, Plastic

AWS A5.8-2004

Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding

Joints

AWS B2.2-91

Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification

Certiflcation

AWWA CllO-2003

Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings, 3 in. through 48 in.
(75 mm through 1200 mm), for Water and Other Liquids
(same as ANSI A21.10-98)

Piping, Ferrous

AWWAClll-2000

Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe
^ and Fittings (same as ANSI A2L11-00)

Piping, Ferrous

AWWAC151-2002

Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast, for Water
(same as ANSI A21.51-91)

Piping, Ferrous

AWWA C153-2000

Ductile-Iron Compact Fittings, 3 in. through 24 in. (76 mm
through 610 mm) and 54 in. through 64 in. (1400 mm
through 1600 mm), for Water Service
. (same as ANSI A21. 53-00)

Piping, Ferrous

1 AWWA C203-2002

Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel Water
Pipelines - Enameled and Tape - Hot Applied

Piping

AWWA C213-2001

Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coating for the Interior and Exterior of
Steel Water Pipelines

Piping, Ferrous

AWWA C215-2004

Extruded Polyolefin Coatings for the Exterior of Steel Water
Pipelines

Piping, Ferrous

AWWA C400-2003

Asbestos-Cement Distribution Pipe, 4 in. through 16 in.
(100 mm through 400 mm) for Water Distribution Systems

Piping, Non-MetaUic

AWWA C500-2002

Gate Valves for Water and Sewerage Systems Valves

Valves

AWWA C504-2000

Rubber-Seated Butterfly Valves

Valves

AWWA C507-99

Ball Valves, 6 in. through 48 in. (150 mm through 1200 mm)

Valves

AWWA C510-97

Double Check Valve Backflow-Prevention Assembly

Backflow Protection

AWWA C511-97

Reduced-Pressure Principle Backflow-Prevention Assemblies

Backflow Protection

I AWWA C606-2004

Grooved- and Shouldered-Type Joints

Joints

237

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

AWWA C900-97

Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe, 4 in. through 12 in.,
for Water Distribution

Piping, Plastic

1 AWWA C901-2002

Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Tubing, 1/2 in. (13 mm)
through 3 in. (76 mm), for Water Service

Piping, Plastic

AWWA C907-91

Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Fittings for Water - 4 in.
Through 8 in. (100 mm through 200 mm)

Piping, Plastic

CGA V-1

Compressed Gas Association Standard for Compressed Gas
Cylinder Valve Outlet and Inlet Connection

Valves

CGA S-1.3

Pressure Relief Device Standards-Part 3-Stationary Storage
Containers for Compressed Gases

Fuel Gas

CISPI 301-2004a

Hubless Cast-iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and
Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications (Note 1)

Piping, Ferrous

CISPI 310-2004

Couplings for Use in Connection with Hubless Cast-Iron Soil
Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and
Vent Piping Applications

Joints

CSA 3-92

U.S. Requirements for Excess Flow Valves

Valves

CSA A257-2003

Concrete Pipe arid Manhole Sections

Piping

CSA B45-2002

Plumbing Fixtures

Fixtures

CSA B45.1-2002

Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures

Fixtures

CSA B45.2-2002

Enameled Cast-Iron Plumbing Fixtures

Fixtures

CSA B45.3-2002

Porcelain-Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures

Fixtures

CSA B45.4-2002

Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures

Fixtures

CSA B45.5-2002

Plastic Plumbing Fixtures

Fixtures

CSA B45.9-2002

Macerating Systems and Related Components

DWV Components

CSA B45.10-2001

Hydromassage Bathhibs

Fixtures

CSA B45.11-2004

Glass Lavatories

Fixtures

CSA B64-2001

Backflow Preventers and Vacuum Breakers

Backflow Protection

CSA B64.1.1-2P01

Vacuum Breaker, Atmospheric Type (AVB)

Backflow Protection

CSA B64.1.2-2001

Vacuum Breaker, Pressure Type (PVB)

Backflow Protection

CSA B64.2-2001

Vacuum Breaker, Hose Connection Type (HCVB)

Backflow Protection

238

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

CSAB64.2.1. 1-2001-

Vacuum Breaker, Hose Connection Type with Automatic
Drainage Feature (HCVB)

Backflow Protection

CSA B64.4-2001

Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure Principle Type (RP)

Backflow Protection

CSA B64.4.1-2001

Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure Principle T)^e for
Fire System (RPF)

Backflow Protection

CSA B64.5-2001

Backflow Preventers, Double Check Valve Type (DVCA)

Backflow Protection

CSA B64.5.1-2001

Backflow Preventers, Double Check Valve Type for Fire
System (DVCAF)

Backflow Protection

CSA B64.7-2001

Vacuum Preventers, Laboratory Faucet Type (LFVB)

Backflow Protection

CSA B125-2001

Plumbing Fittings

Valves

CSA B137.1-2002

Polyethylene Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings for Cold Water
Pressure Services

Piping, Plastic

CSA B137.5-2002

Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Systems for
Pressure Applications

Piping, Plastic

CSA B137.9-2002

Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene Composite
Pressure-Pipe Systems

Piping, Plastic

CSA B137.10-2002

Crosslinked Polyethylene / Aluminum / Crosslinked
Polyethylene Composite Pressure-Pipe Systems

Piping, Plastic

CSA B181.3-2002

Polyolefin Laboratory Drainage Systems

Piping/Plastic

CSA B242-80(R04)

Groove and Shoulder Type Mechanical Pipe Couplings

Fittings

CSA B272-93 (ROD)

Prefabricated Self-Sealing Roof Vent Flashing

Fittings

CSA B356-2000

Water Pressure Reducing Valves for Domestic Water
Supply Systems

Valves

CSA G401-2001

Corrugated Steel Pipe Products

Fittings

lAPMO PS 1-2004

Prefabricated Septic Tanks

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 4-2004

Drains for Prefabricated and Precast Showers

Fixtures

lAPMO PS 14-2002

Flexible Metallic Field Fabricated Water Connectors

Piping

lAPMO PS 16-2004

Subdrains for Built-Up Shower Pans

Fixtures

lAPMO PS 23-2004

Dishwasher Drain Air Gaps

Backflow Protection

lAPMO PS 25-2002

Metallic Fittings for Joining Polyethylene Pipe for Water
Service and Yard Piping

Joints

239

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

lAPMO PS 33-2004

Flexible PVC Hose for Pools, Hot Tubs, Spas and Jetted Bathtub

Piping, Plastic

lAPMO PS 34-2003

Encasement Sleeve for Potable Water

Pipe and Tubing

Piping

lAPMO PS 36-90

Lead-Free Sealing Compounds for Threaded Joints

Joints

lAPMO PS 37-90

Black Plastic PVC or PE Pressure-Sensitive Corrosion
Preventive Tape

Piping

lAPMO PS 40-2001

Anodeless Transition Riser for Use with PVC Gas Yard Piping

Fuel Gas

lAPMO PS 42-96

Pipe Alignment and Secondary Support Systems

Piping

lAPMO PS 43-91

Cushioned Bathtubs and Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances

Fixtures

1 lAPMO PS 46-2004

Non-Integral Tile Flange Kits

Miscellaneous

lAPMO PS 50-2003

Flush Valves with Dual Flush Devices For Water Closets

Fixtures

lAPMO PS 51-98

Plastic and Metallic Expansion Joints

Joints

LAPMO PS 52-2004b

Siunps and Sewage Ejector Tanks

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 53-92

Grooved Mechanical Pipe Couplings and Grooved End
Fittings

Joints

lAPMO PS 54-2003a

Metallic and Plastic Utility Boxes

Miscellaneous

lAPMO PS 55-92

Bathwaste Strainer Drains

Fixtures

lAPMO PS 57-2002

PVC HydraulicaUy Actuated Diaphragm Type Water
Control Valves

Valves

lAPMO PS 59-92

Septic Effluent and Waste Water Diverter Valves

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 60-96

Sewage Holding Tank Containing Sewage Ejector Pump for
Direct-Moimted Water Closet

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 61-92

Fabricated Stainless Steel Security Water Closets

Fixtures

1 lAPMO PS 63-2004a

Plastic Leaching Chambers

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 64-98

Pipe Flashings

Piping

1 lAPMO PS 65-2002

Air Gap Units for Water Conditioning Equipment Installation

Backflow Protection

lAPMO PS 66-2000

Dielectric Waterway Fittings

Piping

lAPMO PS 67-93

Early-Closure Replacement Flappers or Early-Closure
Replacement Flapper With Mechanical Assemblies -

Fixtures

240

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

1 lAPMO PS 69-2003a

Plastic Bathwaste and Overflow Assemblies

Piping, Plastic

1 lAPMO PS 72-2003

Valves with Atmospheric Vacuum Breakers

Valves

lAPMO PS 73-93

Dental Vacuum Pumps

Miscellaneous

lAPMO PS 76-95

Ballcock or Flushometer Valve Tailpiece Trap Primers and
Trap Primer Receptors/ Adapters

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 79-2003

Multiport Electronic Trap Primer

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 80-2003b

Grease Interceptors and Clarifiers

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 81-2000

Precast Concrete Seepage Pit Liners and Covers

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 82-95

Fiberglass (Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin)
Fittings

Piping, Plastic

lAPMO PS 85-95

Tools for Mechanically Formed Tee Connections in
Copper Tubing

Piping

lAPMO PS 86-95

Rainwater Diverter Valve for Non-Roofed Area Slabs

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 87-95

Diverter and Shutoff Valves for Pool/Spas

Valves

lAPMO PS 88-2002

Pre-Pressurized Potable Water Tanks

Miscellaneous

lAPMO PS 89-95

Soaking and Hydrotherapy (Whirlpool) Bathtubs with
Hydraulic Seatlift

Fixtures

lAPMO PS 90-2003

Elastomeric Test Caps/Cleanout Caps

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 91-95

Plastic Stabilizers for Use with Plastic Closet Bends

Piping, Plastic

lAPMO PS 92-2003

Heat Exchangers

Miscellaneous

lAPMO PS 93-2004a

Water Closet Seats with Spray, Water Closet Seats with Spray
and other Devices with Spray for Water Closet

Fixtures

lAPMO PS 94-2001a

P-Trap, Supply Stop, and Riser Insulated Protector

Miscellaneous

lAPMO PS 95-2001

Drain, Waste, and Vent Hangers and Plastic Pipe
Support Hooks

Piping

1 lAPMO PS 96-2002

Passive Direct Solar Water Heaters

Miscellaneous

lAPMO PS 97-2001

Mechanical Cast-iron Closet Flanges

Piping, Ferrous

lAPMO PS 98-96

Prefabricated Fiberglass Church Baptistries

Fixtures

1 lAPMO PS 99-2004

Terrazzo Marble, Concrete, and Granite Plumbing Fixtures

Fixtures

241

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

lAPMO PS 100-96

Porous Filter Protector for Subdrain Weep Holes

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 101-97

Suction Relief Valves

Valves

1 lAPMO PS 102-2004a

Pedestal Lavatory Trap

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 104-97

Pressure Relief Connection for Dispensing Equipment

Valves

lAPMO PS 105-97

Polyethylene Distribution Boxes

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 106-98

Prefabricated, Tileable Shower Receptors

Fixtures

lAPMO PS 107-98

Aramid-Reinforced Rubber Hose for Use in Non-Potable
Water Radiant Heating and Snow Melting

Piping, Plastic

lAPMO PS 108-98

Restaurant Fire Suppression Systems

Appliances

lAPMO PS 110-99

PVC Cold Water Compression Fittings

Fittings

LAPMO PS 111-99

PVC Cold Water Gripper Fittings

Fittings

lAPMO PS 112-99

PVC Plastic Valves for Cold Water Distribution Systems
Outside a Building and CPVC Plastic Valves for Hot and
Cold Water Distribution Systems

Valves

lAPMO PS 113-99^>

Hydraulically Powered Household Food Waster Grinders

Appliances

lAPMO PS 114-99''

Remote, Floor Box Industrial Water Supply, Air Supply,
Drainage

Miscellaneous

1 lAPMO PS 115-2002

Hot Water Demand or Automatic Activated Hot Water
Pumping Systems

Miscellaneous

lAPMO PS 116-99

Hot Water Circulating Devices Which Do Not Use a Pimip

Miscellaneous

1 IAPMOPS117-2004a

Press Type or Plain End Rubber Gasketed with Nail Connector

Fittings

Fittings for Copper Alloy Installation on Copper Tubing

LAPMO PS 118-2000

FOG (Fats, Oils, Greases) Disposal Systems

DWV Components

lAPMO PS 119-2000

Water Energized Sump Pump

Miscellaneous

IAS 1-91

U.S. Requirements for Indirect Water Heaters for Use with
External Heat Source

Miscellaneous

IAS LC lb-2001

Fuel Gas Piping Systems Using Corrugated Stainless Steel

Fuel Gas

CSA 6.26-M99

Tubing (CSST) Fuel Gas

ISO Guide 65-96

General Requirements for Bodies Operating Product
Certification Systems

Certification

MSS SP-25-98

Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Unions

Piping

242

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

MSS SP-42-2004

Class 150 Corrosion-Resistant Gate-Globe, Angle, and
Check Valves with Flanged and Butt Weld Ends

Piping, Ferrous

MSS SP-44-96

Steel Pipeline Flanges

Piping, Ferrous

MSS SP-58-2002

Pipe Hangers and Supports - Materials, Design,
and Manufacture

Piping

MSS SP-67-2002a

Butterfly Valves

Valves

MSS SP-69-2002

Pipe Hangars and Supports - Selection and Application

Piping

MSSSP-70-98

Cast-Iron Gate Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends

Valves

MSSSP-71-97

Cast-Iron Swing Check Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends

Valves

MSS SP-72-99

Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends for
General Service

Valves

1 MSS SP-73-2003

Brazing Joints for Wrought and Cast Copper AUoy Solder Joint
Pressure Fittings

Joints

MSSSP-78-98

Cast-iron Plug Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends

Valves

1 MSS SP-80-2003

Bronze Gate-Globe, Angle, and Check Valves

Valves

MSS SP-83-2001

Class 300 Steel Pipe Unions Socket-Welding and Threaded

Piping, Ferrous

MSSSP-89-98

Pipe Hangars and Supports - Fabrication and Installation
Practices

Piping

MSS SP-104-2003

Wrought Copper Solder Joint Pressure Fittings

Piping, Copper Alloy

MSS SP-106-2003

Cast Copper Alloy Flanges and Flanges Fittings, CLass 125,
150, and 300

Piping, Copper Alloy

MSS SP-109-97

Welded Fabricated Copper Solder Joint Pressure Fittings

Piping, Copper Alloy

MSSSP-123-98

Non-Ferrous Threaded and Solder-Joint Unions for Use with
Copper Water Tube

Piping, Copper Alloy

NFPA13R-2002

Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential
Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height

Miscellaneous

NFPA 13D-2002

Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family
Dwellings and Manufactured Hornes

Miscellaneous

NFPA 31-2001

Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment

Miscellaneous

NFPA 54-2002

National Fuel Gas Code (same as ANSI Z223.1)

Fuel Gas

1 NFPA 58-2004

Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Fuel Gas

243

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

1 NFPA 85-2004

Boiler and Combustion Systems Hazards Code

Appliances

NFPA 99-2002

Health Care Facilities

Piping

NFPA 99C-2002

Gas and Vacuum Systems

Piping

NFPA 130-2003 .

Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems

Miscellaneous

NFPA 211-2003

Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances

Miscellaneous

NFPA 502-2004 .

Road Timnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways

Miscellaneous

NFPA 1989-2003

Breathing Air Quality for Fire and Emergency Services
Respiration Protection

Miscellaneous

NSF 3-2003

Commercial Spray-Type Dishwashing and Glasswashing
Machines

Appliances

NSF 12-2003e

Automatic Ice Making Equipment

Appliances

NSF 14-2004'

Plastic Piping Components and Related Materials

Piping, Plastic

NSF 18-2004

Manual Food and Beverage Dispensing Equipment

Appliances

NSF24-88(R96)

Plumbing System Components for Manufactured Homes
and Recreational Vehicles

Miscellaneous

NSF 29-2003

Chemical Feeders for Commercial Dishwashers

Appliances

NSF 40-2000

Residential Wastewater Treatment Systems

DWV Components

NSF 41-99

Non-Liquid Saturated Treatment Systems

DWV Components

NSF42-2002e

Drinking Water Treatment Units-Aesthetic Effects

Appliances

NSF 44-2004

Residential Cation Exchange Water Softeners

Appliances

NSF 46-2004

Evaluation of Components and Devices Used in Wastewater
Treatment Systems

DWV Components

NSF 53-2004

Drinking Water Treatment Units-Health Effects

Appliances

NSF 58-2004

Reverse-Osmosis DrirJ<ing Water Treatment Systems

Appliances

NSF 61-2004

Drinking Water System Components-Health Effects

Miscellaneous

NSF 62-2004

Water Distillation Systems

Appliances

NSPI 1-2003

Public Swimming Pools

Swimming Pools
and Spas

PDI G-101-85

Testing and Rating Procedure for Grease Interceptors with
Appendix of Sizing and Installation Data

DWV Components

244

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

PDI-WH 201-92

Water Hammer Arresters

Piping

1 SAE J 512-97

Automotive Tube Fittings

Fittings

SAE J1670-93

Type F Clamps for Plumbing Applications

Joints

SAMA LF6a

Medical Care Facility Brassware

Miscellaneous

UL 80-2004

Steel Inside Tanks for Oil-Burner Fuel

Miscellaneous

UL 103-2001

Factory-Built Chimneys for Residential Tjrpe and Building
Heating Appliances

Miscellaneous

UL 125-97

Valves for Anhydrous Ammonia and LFG (Other than
Safety Relief)

Valves

UL 132-97

Safety Relief Valves for Anhydrous Ammonia and LFG

Valves

UL 144-99

LFG Regulators

Valves

UL 174-2004

Household Electric Storage Tank Water Heaters

Appliances

UL 252-2003

Compressed Gas Regulations

Valves

UL 296-2003

Oil Burners

Appliances

UL 343-97

Pumps for Oil-Burning Appliances

Pumps

UL 352-97

Constant-Level Oil Valves

Valves

UL 378-93

Draft Equipment

Miscellaneous

UL 399-93

Drinking- Water Coolers

Appliances

1 UL 430-2004

Waste Disposers

Appliances

UL 441-96

Gas Vents

Miscellaneous

UL 443-95

Steel Atixiliary Tanks for Oil-Burner Fuel

Miscellaneous

UL 499-97

Electrical Heating Appliances

Appliances

UL 563-95

Ice Makers

Appliances

UL 569-95

Pigtails and Flexible Hose Connectors for LP-Gas

Fuel Gas

1 UL 723-2004

Standard Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials

Miscellaneous

UL 726-95

Oil-Fired Boiler Assemblies

Appliances

UL 732-95

Oil-Fired Storage Tank Water Heaters

Appliances

245

Table 14-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Standard Number

Standard Title

Application

UL 749-97

Household Dishwashers

Appliances

UL 778-2002

Motor-Operated Water Pumps

Pumps

UL 834-2004

Heating, Water Supply, and Power Boilers-Electric

Appliances

UL 921-96

Commercial Electric Dishwashers

Appliances

UL 959-2001

Factory Built, Medium Heat Appliance Chimneys

Miscellaneous

UL 1206-2003

Electric Commercial Clothes Washing Equipment

Appliances

UL 1453-2004

Electric Booster and Commercial Storage Tank Water
Heaters

Appliances

WQA S-300-91

Point-of-Use Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis Drinking
Water Systems

Appliances

Notes:

1 Although this standard is referenced in Table 14-1, some of the pipe, tubing, fittings, valves, or fixtures included in the
standard are not acceptable for use under the provisions of the Uniform Plumbing Code.

4 See Section 316.1.3 for restriction.

5 Alloy C85200 for cleanout plugs.

6 Limited to domestic sewage.

7 Type II only.

9 ASSE 1066 is not intended to linut the maximum outlet temperature at point of use.

10 See Section 315.0 for trenching, excavation, and backfilling requirements when installing building drains and sewers.
Engineers may wish to consult ASTM D 2321 when preparing plans and specifications for sewer mains or specific
projects.

246

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS Table 14-1 Index

TABLE 14-1INDEX

Standards for Materials, Equipment,
Joints, and Connections

Standard Number page Code Sections

Appliances

AHAM DW-1-2004 223

AHAM DW-2PR-92 223

AHAM FWD-1-92 223

ANSI Z21.10.1-2004 • CSA 4.1a02 224

ANSI Z21.10.3-2004 224

ANSI Z21.12b-94 224

ANSI Z21.13-2004 224

ANSI Z21.24-2001 224 1212.1(3)

ANSI Z21.69-03-CSA 6.16-M03 224 1212.1(6)

ANSI Z21. 86-2004 • CSA 2.32-2004 224

ARI 1010-02 225

ASME A112.4.1-93(R02) 225

ASSE 1006-86 228

ASSE 1007-86 228

ASSE 1008-86 228

ASSE 1009-90 228

ASSE 1023-79 229 : . . .

lAPMOPS 108-98 242

LAPMOPS 113-99'^' 242

NFPA 85-2004 244

NSF 3-2003 244

NSF 12-2003e 244

NSF 18-2004 244

NSF 29-2003 244

NSF 42-2002E 244

NSF 44-2004 244

NSF 53-2004 244

NSF 58-2004 244

NSF 62-2004 244

UL 174-2004 245

UL 296-03 245

UL 399-93 245 ,

UL 430-2004 245

UL 499-97 245

UL 563-95 245

UL 726-95 245

UL 732-95 245

UL 749-97 246

UL 834-2004 246

247

Table 14-1 Index UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

UL 921-96 246 .

UL 1206-03 246 .

UL 1453-2004 246 .

WQA S-300-91 .246 .

Backflow Protection

ASSE 1001-2002 228 .

ASSE 1002-99 228 ,

ASSE 1004-90 228 ,

ASSE 1011-2004 228 ,

ASSE 1012-2002 228 ,

ASSE 1013-2005 228 ,

ASSE 1015-2005 228 .

ASSE 1019-2004 229 .

ASSE 1020-2004 .229 ,

ASSE 1021-2001 229 ,

ASSE 1022-2003 229 ,

ASSE 1024-2003 229 ,

ASSE 1032-2004 229 ,

ASSE 1035-2002 229 ,

ASSE 1037-90 229

ASSE 1047-2005 229

ASSE 1048-2005 229

ASSE 1052-2004 229

ASSE 1055-97 229

ASSE 1056-2001 229

ASSE Series 5000-2004 229

AWWA C510-97 237

AWWA C511-97 237

CSA B64.1.1-01 238

CSA B64.1.2-01 238

CSA B64.2-01 238

CSA B64.2.1.1-01 239

CSA B64.4.4-01 239

CSA B64.4.1-01 239

CSA B64.5-01 239

CSA B64.5.1-01 239

CSA B64.7-01 239

lAPMO PS 23-2004 239

lAPMO PS 65-2002 240

Certification

I ASME Al 12.20.2-2004 227

ASME Section IX 228

248

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS Table 14-1 Index

Certification (continued)

I ASSE 6000-2004 230

AWS B2.2-91 237

ISO Guide 65-1996 242

DWV Components

ASME A112.6.3-01 225

ASME A112.36.2M-91(R02) 227

ASSE 1044-2001 229

CSA B45.9-02 238

lAPMO PS 1-04 239

I LAPMO PS 52-2004b 240

lAPMO PS 59-92 240

lAPMO PS 60-96 240

I lAPMO PS 63-2004a 240

lAPMO PS 76-95 241

I lAPMO PS 79-2003 241

I lAPMO PS 80-03b 241

lAPMO PS 81-2000 241

lAPMO PS 86-95 241

I lAPMO PS 90-03 241

lAPMO PS 100-96 242

I lAPMO PS 102-2004a 242

lAPMO PS 105-97 242

LAPMO PS 118-2000 242 1015.4, 1015.5

NSF 40-2000 244

NSF 41-99 244

I NSF 46-2004 244

PDI G-101-85 244

Fittings

CSA B242-80(R04) 239

CSA B272-93(R00) 239

CSA G401-01 239

lAPMO PS 110-99 242

lAPMO PS 111-99 242

lAPMO PS 117-04a 242

SAE J512-97 245

Fixtures

I ANSI A118.10-99 223

ANSI Z124.1-95 224

ANSI Z124.2-95 224

ANSI Z124.3-95 224

249

Table 14-1 Index UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Fixtures (continued)

ANSI Z124.4-96 224

ANSI Z124.5-97 225

ANSI Z124.6-97 225

ANSI Z124.7-97 225

ANSI Z124.8-90 225

ANSI Z124.9-2004 225 :

ASME 112.1.3-2000 .225

ASME A112.3.4-2000 (R04) 225

ASME A112.4.2-03 225

ASME A112.6.1M-97 225

ASME Al 12.6.2-2000 (R04) . ; 225

ASME A112.6.7-01 225

ASME A112.14.3-2001 226

ASME A112.14.4-2001 226

ASME A112.19.1M-94(R04) 226

ASME A112.19.2M-03 226

ASME A112.19.3M-2001 (R04) 226

ASME A112.19.4M-94(R04) 226

ASME A112.19.5-99 226

ASME A112.19.7M-95 226

ASME A112.19.9M-91(R02) 226

ASME A112.19.10-03 226

ASME A112.19.12-2000 226

ASME A112.19.13-02 226

ASME A112.19.14-01 226

ASME A112.19.15-01 226 :

ASSE 1014-2005 228

ASTM D 4068-2001 234

ASTM D 4551-96(R01) .234

ASTM D 6104-97 (R03) 234

CSA B45-02 238

CSA B45.1-02 238

CSA B45.2-02 238

CSA B45.3-02 238

CSA B45.4-02 238

CSA B45.5-02 238

CSA B45.10-01 238

lAPMO PS 4-2004 239

lAPMO PS 16-2004a 239

lAPMO PS 43-91 240

lAPMO PS 50-2003 240

LAPMO PS 55-92 240

lAPMO PS 61-92 240

250

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1 Index

Fixtures (continued)

lAPMO PS 67-93 240

lAPMO PS 89-95 241

I lAPMO PS 93-2004a 241

lAPMO PS 98-96 241

I lAPMO PS 99-04 241

lAPMO PS 106-98 242

Fuel Gas

ANSI Z21 .80-2003 -CSA 6.22-M03 224 1209.7.2, 1209.7.5(A,1)

ANSI Z21. 81-1998 •CSA 6.25-M98 224

ANSI Z223.1-02 225

lAPMO PS 40-2001 240

IAS LC lb-01«CSA 6.26-M99 242 1209.5.3.4

NFPA 54-2002 243 Chapter 5

NFPA 58-2004 243 Chapters 5 and 12, 1213.0

UL 569-95 245

Joints

ANSI B2.1-90 223

ANSI Z21.41-03«CSA 6.9-M03 224

ASME B1.20.1-83(R01) 227 1316.6.1(2), 1209.5.7(A)

ASME Bl.20.3-76 (R03) 227

ASME B16.5-2003 227

ASME B16.21-92 227

ASME B16.50-2001 228 : 1316.4

ASTM B 29-2003 230

ASTM B 32-04 230

ASTM B 813-00^1 231

ASTM B 828-02 231

ASTM C 425-2004 231

ASTM C 443-2003 231

ASTM C 564-03a 231

ASTM C 1173-2004 . .' 232

ASTM D 1869-95(R00) 232

ASTM D 2235-2004 232

ASTM D 2564-2004 233

ASTM D 2657-2003 233

ASTM D 2672-96a (R03) 233

ASTM D 2855-96 (R02) 233

ASTM D 3122-95 (R02) 234

ASTM D 3138.2004 234

ASTM D 3139-98 234

I ASTM D 3212-96a (ROSy 234

251

Table 14-1 Index UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Joints (continued)

ASTM F 402-93(R99) 234 -

ASTM F 493-2004 235

ASTM F 656-2002 235

AWS A5.8-2004 237 1319.1

AWWA C606-2004 237

I CISPI 310-2004a 238

I lAPMO PS 25-2002 239

lAPMO PS 36-90 240

lAPMO PS 51-98 240

lAPMO PS 53-92 240

I MSS SP-73-2003 243

SAE J1670-93 245

Kitchen, Lavatory, and Shower Fittings with Attached Hose Outlets

I ASME A112.18.3-03 226

Miscellaneous

ANSI/ICC A117.1-2003 223 411.7, Table 4-1

ANSI /CSA LC3-2000 223

ANSI Z4.1-1995 223 Table 4-1

ANSI Z358.1-2004 225

ASHRAE 90.1-2004 225

ASME A112.4.7-02 225

ASME Section IV 228

ASME Section VIII Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code .228 1326.2(2)

ASTM B 152-2000 231

ASTM B 370-03 , 231

ASTM C 478-03a 231 . . .

ASTM D 4101-2004a 234

ASTM E 84- 2004 234 701.1.2, 903.1.2, 1101.3

ASTM E 119-2000a 234

ASTM E 814-2002 234

lAPMO PS 54-2003a 240

lAPMO PS 73-93 241

lAPMO PS 88-02 241

lAPMO PS 92-03 241

lAPMO PS 94-2001a 241

lAPMO PS 96-02 241

lAPMO PS 114-99^^ 242

lAPMO PS 115-02 242

lAPMO PS 116-99 242

lAPMO PS 119-2000 242

NFPA 13R-02 243

252

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS Table 14-1 Index

Miscellaneous (continued)

NFPA 13D-02 243

NFPA 31-2001 243 ; .506.3, 1202.0

NFPA 211-2003 244 508.6.2, 510.5.1.2, 510.5.1.3, 510.5.4

NSF 24-88(R96) 244

NSF 61-04 244

SAMA LF6a 245

UL 80-04 245

UL 103-01 245

UL 378-93 .245

UL 441-96 245 ,

UL 443-95 245

UL 723-2004 245 701.1.2, 903.1.2, 1101.3

Piping

ANSI A13.1-96(R03) .223

ASME A112.4.3-99 (R04) 225

ASME A112.18.6-03 226

ASSE 1010-2004 228

AWWA C203-2002 237

CSA A257-03 238

lAPMO PS 34-03 240

lAPMO PS 37-90 240

lAPMO PS 42-96 240

lAPMO PS 64-98 240

lAPMO PS 66-2000 240

lAPMO PS 85-95 241

lAPMO PS 95-2001 241

MSS SP-25-98 242

MSS SP-58-02 243 1211.2.6, 1318.8

MSS SP-69-02 243 , 1318.8

NFPA 99-2002 244 Chapter 13

NFPA 99C-2002 244

PDI-WH 201-92 245

Piping, Copper Alloy

ASME B16.15-85 (R04) 227

ASME B16.18-2001 227

ASME B16.22-2001 227 1316.4

ASME B16.23-2002 227

ASME B16.24-2001 227

ASME B16.26-88 227

I ASME B16.29-2001 227

j ASTM B 42-2002^^ 230

I ASTM B 43-98(R04) 230

253

Table 14-1 Index UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Piping, Copper Alloy (continued)

ASTM B 75-2002 231

ASTM B 88-2003 231 1209.5.3.2, 1316.3, 1325.3

ASTM B 135-2002 231

ASTM B 280-2003 231 1209.5.3.2, 1316.3, 1325.3

ASTM B 302-2002 231

ASTM B 306-2002 231

ASTM B 447-2002 231

ASTM B 584-2004 231

ASTM B 587-97^'(R03) 231

ASTM B 687-99 231

I ASTM B 819-2000 231 1316.3, 1316.3.1, 1325.3

I MSS SP-123-1998 243

Piping, Ferrous
I ANSI A21.10-03 223

ANSI A21.11-2000 223

I ANSI A21.51-02 223

ANSI A21.53-2000 223

ASME A112.3.1-93 225

IASME B16.1-98 227 1209.5.10
ASME B16.3-98 227

ASME B16.4-98 227

ASME B16.12-98 227

ASME B16.39-98 227

ASME B16.47-96 227

ASME B36.10M-2004 228 1209.5.2.2

ASME B36.19-85(R94) 228

ASTM A 47-99 (R04) 230

ASTM A 53-04a 230 1209.5.2.2

ASTM A 74-04a 230

ASTM A 126-2004 230

ASTM A 197M-2000 230

ASTM A 312-04b 230

ASTM A 377-03 230

ASTM A 518-99(R03) 230

ASTM A 536-84(R04) 230

ASTM A 653M-2004a 230

ASTM A 733-2003 230

ASTM A 861-2004 230

ASTM A 888-2004a 230

ASTM C 1277-2004 232

AWWA CllO-2003 237

AWWA Clll-2000 237

AWWA C151-2002 237

254

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS Table 14-1 Index

Piping, Ferrous (continued)

AWWA C153-2000 237

AWWA C213-2001 237

I AWWA C215-2004 237
CISPI 301-2004a 238

lAPMO PS 97-2001 241

\ MSS SP-42-2004 243

MSS SP-44-96 243

MSS SP-83-2001 243

Piping, Non-Metallic

I ASTM C 14-2003 231

ASTM C 296-2000 231

I ASTM C 412-2003 231
ASTM C 428-97(R02)''^ 231

ASTM C 700-2002 232

ASTM C 1053-2000 232

I AWWA C400-2003 237

Piping, Plastic

ASTM C 1440-2003 232 :

ASTM C 1460-2004 232

ASTM C 1461-2002 232

ASTM D 1527-99^^ 232

ASTM D 1784-03 232

ASTM D 1785-04a ; 232

ASTM D 2104-2003 232

ASTM D 2239-2003 232

ASTM D 2241-2004b 232

ASTM D 2282-99-=^ 232 :

ASTM D 2321-2000 232

ASTM D 2447-2003 233

ASTM D 2464-99^^ 233 ;......

ASTM D 2466-2002 233

ASTM D 2467-2004^1 233

ASTM D 2513-2004a 233 1209.5.4, 1209.5.4.2, 1209.5.9, 1211.1.7(B)

ASTM D 2517-2000'=i 233

ASTM D 2609-2002 233

ASTM D 2661-2002 233 :

ASTM D 2665-2004a 233

ASTM D 2680-2001 233

ASTM D 2729-2003 .233

ASTM D 2737-2003 233

ASTM D 2751-96a 233

ASTM D 2846-99''' 233 316.1.6

255

Table 14-1 Index UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Piping, Plastic (continued)

ASTM D 2996-2001 233

ASTM D 3034-2004a 233

ASTM D 3035-2003a 233

ASTM D 3311-2002^^ 234

ASTM D 3965-2004 234

ASTM F 405-97 234

ASTM F 409-2002 234

ASTM F 437-99 234

ASTM F 438-2004 234

ASTM F 439-2002^^ 234

ASTM F 441-2002 235

ASTM F 442-99 235

ASTM F480-2002 235

ASTM F 628-2001 235

ASTM F 667-97 235

ASTM F 714-2003 235

ASTM F 789-2003 235

ASTM F 794-2003 235

ASTM F 810-2001 235

ASTM F 876-2004 235

ASTM F 877-2002a 235

ASTM F 891-2004 235

ASTM F 949-2003 235

ASTM F 1216-2003 235

ASTM F 1281-2003 235

ASTM F 1282-2003 235

ASTM F 1412-2001'=^ 236

ASTM F 1673-2004 236

ASTM F 1743-96 (R03) 236

ASTM F 1807-2004 236

ASTM F 1866-98 236

ASTM F 1924-2001^^ 236

ASTM F 1948-99a^^ 236

ASTM F 1960-2003 .236

ASTM F 1961-2002a 236

ASTM F 1970-2001 236

ASTM F 1973-2002 236

ASTM F 2080-2004 236

ASTM F 2165-02 236

ASTMF2262-04 237

AWWA C900-97 238

AWWA C901-2002 238

CSA B 137.1-02 239

256

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS Table 14-1 Index

Piping, Plastic (continued)

CSA B 137.5-02 239

CSA B 137.9-02 239

CSAB 137.10-02 239

CSA B 181.3-02 239

lAPMO PS 33-04 240

I lAPMO PS 69-03a 241

lAPMO PS 82-95 241 ;

lAPMO PS 91-95 241

lAPMO PS 107-98 242 :

I NSF 14-20041 244

Pumps

UL 343-97 245

UL 778-2002 246

Swimming Pools and Spas

ANSI Z21.56-01»CSA 4.7-2001 224

ASME A112.19.8M-87(R96) 226

ASME A112.20.1-2004 227

NSPI 1-2003 244 ,

Valves

ANSI Z21.15-97 224

ANSI Z21.22-00 224

ASME A112.14.1-75 2003 226

ASME A112.18.1M-2005 226 603.3.10, 603.4.22

ASME A112.18.7-99 (R04) 226

ASME A112.21.3M-85 (ROl) .227

ASME B16.33-2002 227

ASME B16.34-96 227

ASSE 1003-2001 228

ASSE 1005-99 228

ASSE 1016-2005 228 418.0

ASSE 1017-2003 .228

ASSE 1018-2001 229

ASSE 1025-78 229

ASSE 1062-97 229

ASSE 1066-97 229

ASSE 1070-2004 ; . . .229

AWWA C500-2002 237

AWWA C504-2000 237

AWWA C507-99 237

CSA 3-92 238

CSA B 125-01 239

257

Table 14-1 Index UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Valves (continued)

CSAB 356-00 .239

lAPMO PS 57-02 .240

lAPMO PS 72-2003 .241 .............:....

lAPMO PS 87-95 .241

lAPMO PS 101-97 .242

lAPMOPS 104-97 ...............: .242 .;.........

lAPMO PS 112-99 .242

MSS SP-67-2002a .243

MSS SP-70-98 243

MSSSP-71-97 .243

MSS SP-72-99 243 ,

MSS SP-78-98 '. 243 ..... .,

MSSSP-80-03 243 ...'.:.....

UL 125-97 .245

UL 132-97 ............................... .245 ........;.

UL 144-99 245

UL 252-03 245

UL 352-97 .245

258

MANDATORY REFERENCED STANDARDS

Table 14-1 Index

ABBREVIATIONS IN TABLE 14-1

AHAM Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers, 1111 19th Street, N.W., Suite 402, Washington

DC 20036.

ANSI American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 W. 42nd Street, 4th floor. New York, NY 10036.

ARI Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 400 N, Fairfax Drive> Suite 200, Arlington, VA

22203.

ASCE The American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191.

ASHRAE The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie
Circle, NE, Atianta, GA 30329-2305.

ASME The American Society of Mechanical Engineering, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.

ASSE American Society of Sanitary Engineering, 901 Canterbury, Suite A, Westlake, Ohio 44145.

ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA

19428-2959.

AWS American Welding Society, 550 NW Lejuene Road, Miami, EL 33126.

AWWA American Water Works Association, 6666 W. Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235.

CISPI Cast Iron Soil Pipe Instihite, 5959 Shallowf ord Road, Suite 419, Chattanooga, TN 37421 .

CSA Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W

5N6, Canada.

(D) or [D] Discontinued.

el An editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

FS Federal Specifications, Federal Supply Service, Standards Division, General Services

Adminish-ation, 7th and D Stireets, Washington, DC 20407.

lAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, 5001 E. Philadelphia Street,

Ontario, CA 91761.

ICC International Code Council, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600, Falls Church, VA 22041.

ISO International Organization for Standardization, 1 Rue de Varebre, Casa Postale 56, CH-1211

Geneva 20, Switzerland.

MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, 127 Park Street, N.E.,

Vienna, VA 22180.

NFPA National Fire Protection Association, P.O. Box 9101, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy,

MA 02269-9101.

NSF NSF International, 789 Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 481 13-0140

NSPI National Spa and Pool Institute, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314.

PDI Plumbing and Drainage Institute, 800 Turnpike Sti-eet, Suite 300, North Andover, MA 01845.

UL Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062.

WQA Water Quality Association, 4151 Naperville Road, Lisle, IL 60532-1088.

259

Table 14-1 Index UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

260

CHAPTER 15

FIRESTOP PROTECTION

1501.0 General Requirements.

1501.1 Applicability. All piping penetrations of
required fire-resistance-rated walls, partitions,
floors, floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling
assemblies, or shaft enclosures shall be protected in
accordance with the requirements of the Building
Code, and this chapter.

1502.0 Plans and Specifications.

1 502.1 Plans and specifications shall indicate with
sufficient detail how penetrations of fire-resistancfe-
rated assemblies shall be firestopped prior to
obtaining design approval.

1503.0 Installation.

1503.1 Firestop materials shall be installed in
accordance with this chapter, the Building Code, and
the manufacturer's instructions.

1504.0 Definitions.

1504.1 Penetration Firestop System. A specific
assemblage of field-assembled materials, or a factory-
made device, which has been tested to a standard test
method and, when installed properly on penetrating
piping materials, is capable of maintaining the fire-
resistance rating of assemblies penetrated.

1504.2 F Rating. The time period that the
penetration firestop system limits the spread of fire
through the penetration, when tested in accordance
with ASTM E 814.

1504.3 T Rating. The time period that the
penetration firestop system, including the
penetrating item, limits the maximum temperature
rise of 325°F above its initial temperature through the
penetration on the nonfire side, when tested in
accordance with ASTM E 814.

I 1505.0 Combustible Piping Installations.

1505.1 Combustible piping installations shall be
protected in accordance with the appropriate fire
resistance rating requirements in the Building Code
that list the acceptable area, height, and type of cons-
truction for use in specific occupancies to assure
compliance and integrity of the fire resistance rating
prescribed.

1505.2 When penetrating a fire-resistance-rated
wall, partition, floor, floor-ceiling assembly, roof-
ceiling assembly, or shaft enclosure, the fire

resistance rating of the assembly shall be restored to
its original rating.

1505.3 Penetrations shall be protected by an
approved penetration firestop system installed as
tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 or ASTM E
814, with a minimum positive pressure differential of
0.01 inch of water. Systems shall have an F rating of
at least 1 hour but not less than the required fire
resistance rating of the assembly being penetrated.
Systems protecting floor penetrations shall have a T
rating of at least 1 hour but not less than the required
fire resistance rating of the floor being penetrated.
Floor penetrations contained within the cavity of a
wall at the location of the floor penetration do not
require a T rating. No T rating shall be required for
floor penetrations by piping that is not in direct
contact with combustible material.

1505.4 When piping penetrates a rated assembly,
combustible piping shall not connect to non-
combustible piping unless it can be demonstrated
that the transition complies with tlie requirements of
Section 1505.3.

1505.5 Insulation and Coverings. Insulation and
coverings on or in the penetrating item shall not be
permitted unless the specific insulating or covering
material has been tested as part of the penetrating
firestop system.

1 505.6 Sleeves. Where sleeves are used, the sleeves
should be securely fastened to the fire-resistance-
rated assembly. The (inside) annular space between
the sleeve and the penetrating item and the (outside)
annular space between the sleeve and the fire-
resistance-rated assembly shall be firestopped in
accordance with the requirements for a sleeve
penetrating item.

1506.0 Non-combustible Piping Installations.

1506.1 Noncombustible piping installations shall be
protected in accordance with the appropriate fire
resistance rating requirements in the Building Code
that list the acceptable area, height, and type of
construction for use in specific occupancies to ensure
compliance and integrity of the fire-resistance rating
prescribed.

1 506.2 When penetrating a fire-resistance-rated wall,
partition, floor, floor-ceiling assembly, roof-ceiling
assembly, or shaft enclosure, the fire-resistance rating
of the assembly shall be restored to its original rating.

Exceptions:

(1) Concrete, mortar, or grout may be used to
fill the annular spaces around cast-iron.

261

1506.2-1507.4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

copper, or steel piping that penetrates
concrete or masonry fire-resistant-rated
assemblies. The nominal diameter of the
penetrating item should not exceed 6 inches
(15.2 cm), and the opening size should not
exceed 144 inches^ (929 cm').

The thickness of concrete, mortar, or
grout should be the full thickness of the
assembly or the thickness necessary to
provide a fire-resistance rating not less than
the required fire-resistance rating of the
assembly penetrated , or

(2) The material used to fill the annular space
shall prevent the passage of flame and hot
gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste for the
time period equivalent to the fire-resistance
ratiug of the assembly, when tested to stan-
dard(s) referenced in Section 1506.3.

1506.3 Penetrations shall be protected by an
approved penetration firestop system installed as
tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 or ASTM E
814, with a minimum positive pressure differential of
0.01 inch of water. Systems shall have an F rating of
at least 1 hour but not less than the required fire-
resistance rating of the assembly being penetrated.
Systems protecting floor penetrations shall have a T
rating of at least 1 hour but not less than the required
fire-resistance rating of the floor being penetrated.
Floor penetrations contained within the cavity of a
wall at the location of the floor penetration do not
require a T rating. No T rating shall be required for
floor penetrations by piping that is not in direct
contact with combustible material.

1506.4 When piping penetrates a rated assembly,
combustible piping shall not connect to non-
combustible piping unless it can be demonstrated
that the transition complies with the requirements of
Section 1506.3.

1 506.5 Unshielded couplings shall not be used to
connect noncombustible piping unless it can be
demonstrated that the fire-resistive integrity of the
penetration is maintained.

1 506.6 Sleeves. Where sleeves are used, the sleeves
should be securely fastened to the fire-resistance-
rated assembly. The (inside) annular space between
the sleeve and the penetrating item and the (outside)
annular space between the sleeve and the fire-
resistance-rated assembly shall be firestopped in
accordance with the requirements for a sleeve-
penetrating item.

1506.7 insulation and Coverings. Insulation and
coverings on or in the penetrating item shall not be
permitted unless the specific insulating or covering
material has been tested as part of the penetrating
firestop system.

1507.0 Required inspection.

1507.1 General. Prior to being concealed, piping
penetrations shall be inspected by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction to verify compliance with the
fire-resistance rating prescribed in the Building Code.

1507.2 The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall
conduct a thorough examination of sufficient
representative installations, including destructive
inspection, to provide verification of satisfactory
compliance with this chapter, the appropriate
manufacturers' installation standards applied by the
installer, construction documents, specifications, and
applicable manufacturers' product information.

1507.3 The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall
determine the type, size, and quantity of pene-
trations to be inspected.

1507.4 The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall
compare the field installations with the documen-
tation supplied by the installer to determine the
following:

(1) The required F ratings (1, 2, 3, or 4 hour) and
T ratings (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 hour) of the firestop
penetration firestop systems are suitable for
the assembly being penetrated.

(2) The penetrating firestop systems are
appropriate for the penetrating items, as
documented through testing of the systems
conducted by an independent testing agency.

(3) The penetrating firestop system is installed
as tested.

262

Chapter 16

GRAY WATER SYSTEMS

Parti
1601.0 Gray Water Systems - General.

(A) The provisions of this chapter shall apply to
the construction, alteration, and repair of
gray water systems for underground landscape
irrigation. Installations shall be allowed only in
single- family dwellings. The system shall have
no connection to any potable water system and
shall not result in any surfacing of the gray
water. Except as otherwise provided for in this
chapter, the provisions of this code shall be
applicable to gray water installation.

(B) The type of system shall be determined on the
basis of location, soil type, and groundwater
level, and shall be designed to accept all
gray water connected to the system from the
residential building. The system, except as
otherwise approved, shall consist of a holding
tank or tanks that discharge into subsurface
irrigation/disposal fields.

(C) No gray water system or part thereof shall be
located on any lot other than the lot that is the site
of the building or structure that discharges the
gray water, nor shall any gray water system or
part thereof be located at any point having less
than the minimum distances indicated in Table 16-1.

(D) No permit for any gray water system shall be
issued until a plot plan with appropriate data
satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction
has been submitted and approved. When there
is insufficient lot area or inappropriate soil
conditions for adequate absorption of the
gray water, as determined by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction, no gray water system shall
be permitted.

(E) No permit shall be issued for a gray water system
on any property in a geologically sensitive area
as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(F) Private sewage disposal systems existing or to be
constructed on the premises shall comply with
Appendix K of this code. In addition, appropriate
clearances from the gray water systems shall be
maintained as provided in Table 16-1. The
capacity of the private sewage disposal system,
including required future areas, shall not be
decreased or otherwise affected by the existence
or proposed installation of a gray water system
servicing the premises.

1602.0 Definition.

Gray water is untreated household waste water that
has not come into contact with toilet waste. Gray

water includes used water from bathtubs, showers,
and bathrooni wash basins, and water from clothes-
washers and laundry tubs. It shall not include
wastewater from kitchen sinks or dishwashers.

1603.0 Permit.

It shall be unlawful for any person to construct,
install, or alter, or cause to be constructed, installed,
or altered any gray water system in a building or on
a premises without first obtaining a permit to do
such work from the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1604.0 Drawings and Specifications.

The Authority Having Jurisdiction may require any
or all of the following information to be included
with or in the plot plan before a permit is issued for a
gray w^ater system, or at any time during the
construction thereof:

(A) Plot plan drawn to scale and completely
dimensioned, showing lot lines and structures,
direction and approximate slope of surface,
location of all present or proposed retaining
walls, drainage channels, water supply lines,
wells, paved areas and structures on the plot,
number of bedrooms and plumbing fixtures in
each structure, location of private sewage disposal
system and 100 percent expansion area or
building sewer connecting to the public sewer,
and location of the proposed gray water system.

(B) Details of construction necessary to ensure
compliance with the requirements of this
chapter, together with a full description of the
complete installation, including installation
methods, construction, and materials as required
by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(C) A log of soil formations and groundwater level
as deterniined by test holes dug in proximity
to any proposed irrigation area, together with a
statement of water absorption characteristics of
the soil at the proposed site as determined by
approved percolation tests.

Exception: The Authority Having Jurisdiction
may allow the use of Table 16-2 in lieu of
percolation tests.

1605.0 Inspection and Testing.
(A) Inspection.

(1) All applicable provisions of this chapter
and of Section 103.5 of this code shall be
complied with.

263

1605.0-1608.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

(2) System coniponents shall be properly
identified as to manufacturer.

(3) Holding tanks shall be installed on dry,
level, well-compacted soil if underground or
on a level three (3) inch (76 mm) concrete
slab if aboveground.

(4) Holding tanks shall be anchored against
overturning.

(5) If a design is predicated on soil tests, the
irrigation/disposal field shall be installed at
the same location and depth as the tested
area.

(6) Installation shall conform with the
equipment and installation methods
identified in the approved plans.

(B) Testing.

(1) Holding tanks shall be filled with water to the
overflow line prior to and during inspection.
All seams and joints shall be left exposed,
and the tank shall remadn watertight.

(2) A flow test shall be performed through the
system to the point of gray water irrigation/
disposal. All lines and components shall be
watertight.

1606.0 Procedure for Estimating Gray Water
Discharge.

(A) The number of occupants of each dwelling unit
shall be calculated as follows:

First bedroom 2

Each additional bedroom 1

(B) The estimated gray water flows for each
occupant shall be calculated as follows:

Showers, bathtubs,
and washbasins
Laundry

25 GPD (95LPD)

15 GPD (57 LPD)

(C) The total number of occupants shall be
multiplied by the applicable estimated gray water
discharge as provided above, and the type of
fixtures connected to the gray water system.

Example 1:

Single-family dwelling; three bedrooms with
showers, bathtubs, washbasins; and laundry facilities
all connected to the gray water system:

Total number of occupants = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4

Estimated gray water flow = 4 x (25 + 15) = 160 GPD
(metric) = 4 x (95 + 57) = 608 LPD

Example 2:

Single-family dwelling; four bedrooms witli only the
clothes washer connected to the gray water system:

Total number of occupants = 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5

Estimated gray water flow = 5 x 15 = 75 GPD
(metric) = 5 x 57 = 285 LPD

1607.0 Required Area of Subsurface Irrigation/
Disposal Fields (See Figure 16-5.)

Each valved zone shall have a minimum effective
irrigation area in square feet as determined by Table
16-2 for the type of soil found in the excavation, based
upon a calculation of estimated gray water discharge
pursuant to Section 1606.0 of this chapter, or the size
of the holding tank, whichever is larger. The area of
the irrigation /disposal field shall be equal to the
aggregate length of the perforated pipe sections
within the valved zone multiplied the width of the
proposed irrigation/disposal field. Each proposed
gray water system shall include at least three (3)
valved zones, and each zone shall be in compliance
with the provisions of the section. No excavation for
an irrigation /disposal field shall extend within five (5)
vertical feet of the highest known seasonal ground-
water, nor to a depth where gray water may
contaminate the groundwater or ocean water. The
applicant shall supply evidence of groundwater deptlT
to the satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1608.0 Determination of IVIaximum Absorption
Capacity.

(A) Wherever practicable, irrigation/ disposal field
size shall be computed from Table 16-2.

(B) In order to determine the absorption quantities of
questionable soils other than those listed in Table
16-2, the proposed site may be subjected to
percolation tests acceptable to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

(C) When a percolation test is required, no
gray water system shall be permitted if the test
shows the absorption capacity of the soil is less
than eighty-three hundredths (0.83) gallons per
square foot (33.8 L/m^) or more than five and
twelve hundredths (5.12) gallons per square foot
(208.5 L/m^) of leaching area per twenty-four
(24) hours.

264

GRAY WATER SYSTEMS

1609.0-1611.0

1609.0 Holding Tank Construction. (See Figures
16-1,16-2, 16-3 and1 6-4.)

(A) Plans for all holding tanks shall be submitted to
the Authority Having Jurisdiction for approval.
Such plans shall show all dimensions, structural
calculations, bracings, and such other pertinent
data as may be required. A minimum capacity of
fifty (50) gallons (189 L) is required.

(B) Holding tanks shall be constructed of solid,
durable materials not subject to excessive
corrosion or decay and shall be watertight.

(C) Each holding tank shall be vented as required by
Chapter 9 of this code and shall have a locking,
gasketed access opening or approved equivalent
to allow for inspection and cleaning.

(D) Each holding tank shall have its rated capacity
perm^anently marked on the unit. In addition, a
sign stating GRAY WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM,
DANGER — UNSAFE WATER shall be
permanently marked on the holding tank.

(E) Each holding tank installed aboveground shall
have an emergency drain separate from that
connecting the tank with the irrigation /disposal
fields and an overflow drain. The emergency
and overflow drains shall have permanent
connections to the building drain or building
sewer, upstream of septic tanks, if any. The
overflow drain shall not be equipped with a
shutoff valve.

(F) The overflow and emergency drainpipes shall
not be less in size than the inlet pipe. The vent
size shall be determined based on the total
gray water fixture imits as outlined in Table 7-5
of this code. Unions or equally effective fittings
shall be provided for all piping connected to the
holding tank.

(G) Each holding tank shall be structurally designed
to withstand all anticipated earth or other loads.
All holding tank covers shall be capable of
supporting an earth load of not less than three
hundred (300) pounds per square foot (1464.6 kg/m^)
when the tank is designed for underground
installation.

(H) If a holding tank is installed underground, the
system must be designed so that the tank
overflow will gravity drain to the existing sewer
line or septic tank. The tank shall be protected
against sewer line backflow by a backwater valve.

(I) IVIaterials.

(1) Holding tanks shall be steel, protected from
corrosion, both externally and internally by
an approved coating or other acceptable
means; shall meet nationally recog-
nized standards for the intended use; and
shall be approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

(2) Holding tanks constructed of alternate
material may be approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction, provided they comply
with approved applicable standards.

1610.0 Valves and Piping. (See Figures 16-1, 16-2,
16-3, and 16-4.)

Gray water piping discharging into the holding tank or
having a direct connection to the sanitary drain or sewer
piping shall be downstream of an approved waterseal-
type trap(s). If no such trap(s) exists, an approved
vented running trap shall be installed upstream of the
connection to protect the building from any possible
waste or sewer gases. All gray water piping shall be
marked or have a continuous tape marked with the
words DANGER — UNSAFE WATER. All valves,
including the three-way valve, shall be readily
accessible and approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. A backwater valve installed pursuant to
this code shall be provided on all holding tank drain
connections to the sanitary drain or sewer piping.

1611.0 Irrigation/Disposal Field Construction. (See
Figure 16-5.)

(A) Perforated sections shall be a minimum three (3)
inch (80 mm) diameter and shall be constructed
of perforated high-density polyethylene pipe,
perforated ABS pipe, perforated PVC pipe, or
other approved materials, provided that sufficient
openings are available for distribution of the
gray water into the trench area. Material,
construction, and perforation of the pipe shall be
in compliance with the appropriate absorption
fields drainage piping standards and shall be
approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(B) Filter material, clean stone, gravel, slag, or
similar filter material acceptable to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction, varying in size from three-
quarter (3/4) inch (20 mm) to two and one-half
(2-1/2) inch (65 mm) shall be placed in the
trench to the depth and grade required by this
section. The perforated section shall be laid on
the filter material in an approved manner. The
perforated section shall then be covered with
filter material to the minimum depth required
by this section. The filter material shall then be
covered with untreated building paper, straw, or
similar porous material to prevent closure of
voids with earth backfill. No earth backfill shall
be placed over the filter material cover until after
inspection and acceptance.

(C) Irrigation/ disposal fields shall be constructed as
follows:

(See chart on following page)

265

1611.0-Table16-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

(D) When necessary on sloping ground to prevent
excessive line slopes, irrigation /disposal lines
shall be stepped. The lines between each
horizontal leaching section shall be made with
approved watertight joints and installed on
natural or unfilled ground.

1612.0 Special Provisions

(A) Other collection and distribution systems may
be approved by the local Authority Having
Jurisdiction, as allowed by Section 301.0 of this code.

(B) Nothing contained in this chapter shall be
construed to prevent the Authority Having
Jurisdiction from requiring compliance with higher
requirements than those contained herein, where
such higher requirements are essential to maintain a
safe and sanitary condition.

i\/linimum

Maximum

Number of drain lines per valved zone 1
Length of each perforated line —
Bottom width of trench 12 in. (305 mm)
Spacing of lines, center to center 4 ft. (1219 mm)
Depth of earth cover of lines 10 in. (254 mm)
Depth of filter material cover of lines 2 in. (51 mm)
Depth of filter material beneath lines 3 in. (76 mm)
Grade of perforated lines level 3 in. / 100 ft.

100 ft. (30,840 mm)
18 in. (457 mm)

2 mm/m

TABLE 16-1

Location of Gray Water System

Irrigation/

Minimum Horizontal Distance

Holding Tank

Disposal Field

in Clear Required From:

Feet

(mm)

Feet

(mm)

Building structures^

5'

(1,524 mm)

2'

(610 mm)

Property line adjoining private property

5

(1,524 mm)

5

(1,524 mm)

Water supply wells*

50

(15,240 mm)

100

(30,480 mm)

Streams and lakes*

50

(15,240 mm)

50=

(15,240 mm)

Sewage pits or cesspools

5

(1,524 mm)

5

(1,524 mm)

Disposal field and 100% expansion area

5

(1,524 mm)

45

(1,219 mm)

Septic tank

(0)

5

(1,524 mm)

On-site domestic water service line

5

(1,524 mm)

5

(1,524 mm)

Pressurized public water main

10

(3,048 mm)

10^

(3,048 mm)

Note: When irrigation /disposal fields are installed in sloping ground, the minimum horizontal distance between any
part of the distribution system and the ground surface shall be fifteen (15) feet (4,572 mm).

' Including porches and steps, whether covered or uncovered, breezeways, roofed porte cocheres, roofed patios,
carports, covered walks, covered driveways, and similar structures or appurtenances.

^ The distance may be reduced to zero feet for aboveground tanks when first approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

^ Assumes a 45-degree (0.79 rad) angle from foundation.

* Where special hazards are involved, the distance required shall be increased as may be directed by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

= These minimum clear horizontal distances shall also apply between the irrigation/disposal field and the ocean
mean higher hightide line.

* Plus two (2) feet (610 mm) for each additional foot of depth in excess of one (1) foot (305 mm) below the bottom
of the drain line.

^ For parallel construction /for crossings, approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be required.

266

GRAY WATER SYSTEMS

Table 16-2

TABLE 16-2
Design Criteria of Six Typical Soils

Type of Soil

Minimum square feet

Maximum absorption

of irrigation/leaching

capacity In gallons

area per 100 gallons

per square foot of

of estimated gray water

irrigation/leaching area

discharge per day

for a 24-hour period

20

5.0

25

4.0

40

2.5

60

1.7

90

1.1

120

0.8

Coarse sand or gravel

Fine sand

Sandy loam

Sandy clay

Clay with considerable
sand or gravel

Clay with small amounts of
sand or gravel

TABLE 16-2
(Metric) Design Criteria of Six Typical Soils

Type of Soil

Minimum square meters
of irrigation/leaching

area per liter of

estimated gray water

discharge per day

Maximum absorption

capacity in liters

per square meter of

irrigation/leaching area

for a 24-hour period

Coarse sand or gravel

Fine sand

Sandy loam

Sandy clay

Clay with considerable
sand or gravel

Clay with small amounts of
sand or gravel

0.005
0.006
0.010
0.015

0.022

0.030

203.7
162.9
101.8
69.2

44.8

32.6

267

Figure 16-1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Vent shall be within
trap arm distance of
running trap.

Screened Vents
3/32"{2.4mm)mesh

Gray water Source

1/4'
(20.9 mnn/m)

1 /47 foot (20.9 mm/m)

To building drain or sewer,
upstream of septic tank, if any

To irrigation system
(level or sloped)
Minimum of 3 irrigation lines
required for each system.

Cleanout 3 " (76 mm) Concrete Pad

if tank above ground

FIGURE 16-1 Gray Water System Tank - Gravity.

268

GRAY WATER SYSTEMS

Figure 16-2

Vent shall be within
trap arm distance of
running trap.

Screened Vents
3/32"(2.4mm)mesh

1/47 foot
(20.9 mm/m)

Union or equal (typ.)

I

Backwater Valve
with unions

Locking Cover
(access

<r-

1/47foot (20.9 mm/m)

To building drain or sewer,
upstream of septic tank, if any

To irrigation system
(level or sloped)
Minimum of 3 irrigation lines
required for each system.

Sewage Ejector
with probes

Cleanout 3 " (76 mm) Concrete Pad
if tank above ground

FIGURE 16-2 Gray Water System Tank - Pumped.

269

Figure 16-3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Vent shall be within
trap arm distance of
running trap.

Screened Vents
3/32"{2.4mm)mesh

Graywater Source

VentThruRoof orlO'
(3048 mm) above grade
{support required)

3-Way Valve

6''(152 mm) above top
of highest tank

Capped Inlet

1/47 toot
(20.9 mm/m)

Vented Running Trap,
if required

San Tees

Grade

Overflow jp*^
(no valve)

Wye & 1/8 Bend
Backwater Valve yC^

Inlet

Graywater
Irrigation System

Danger
, Unsafe Water J

Overflow
(no valve)

Graywater
Irrigation System

Danger
.Unsafe Water J

Locking Cover
(access)

Approved
Watertight Tank

Fullway Valve

1/47foot (20.9 mm/m)

To building drain or sewer,
upstream of septic tank, if any

Emergency Drain
(normally closed)

Cleanout

3" (75 mm) Concrete Pad

Cleanout

Grade

To irrigation system .
(level or sloped)
Minimum of 3 irrigation lines
required for each system.

FIGURE 16-3 Gray Water System Multiple-Tank Installation.

270

GRAY WATER SYSTEMS

Figure 16-4

Vent shall be within
trap arm distance of
running trap.

Screened Vents
3/32"(2.4nrim)mesh

Union or equal (typ.)

Backwater Valve
with unions

Gray water
Source

1 /4'7 foot (20.9 nnm/m)

Shutoff Valve

Grade

Backwater Valve

1/47 foot (20.9 mm/m)Cleanout

To building drain or sewer,
upstream of septic tank, if any

Capped Emergency Drain

Gray water Irrigation System

Danger

Unsafe Water

To irrigation system
(level or sloped)
Minimum of 3 irri-
gation lines required
for each system.

Locking Cover (access)

Watertight Tank
approved for
underground use

Sewage Ejector
pump with probes

FIGURE 16-4 Gray Water System Underground Tank - Pumped.

271

Figure 16-5

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

To public
sewer

2» (610 mm) min.

ValvedZone

100' {30480 mm)

max.

3" (80 mm)
diameter (typ.)

Property Line

Note: Each valved zone shall have a minimum effective
absorption/irrigation area in square feet predicated on the
estimated graywater discharge in gallons per day and on
the type of soil found in the area. The area of the field
shall be equal to the aggregate length of perforated pipe
sections within the valved zone times the width of the
proposed field.

Soil

Gravel

Grade

Untreated

10" (254 mi

18" (457 mm) 1

min. 1

2" (51 mm )

building paper

3" (80 mm) perforated pipe section

FIGURE 16-5 Gray Water System Typical Irrigation Layout.

272

GRAY WATER SYSTEMS

1613.0-1617.0

Part II

1613.0 Reclaimed Water Systems - General.

(A) The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the
installation, construction, alteration, and repair of
reclaimed water systems intended to supply water
closets, urinals, and trap primers for floor drains and
floor sinks. Use is limited to these fixtures that are
located in nonresidential buildings. Fixtures within
residential buildings are excluded from the list of
approved uses. The reclaimed water system shall
have no connection to any potable water system,
with or without mechanical backflow prevention
devices. If reclaimed water is utilized on the
premises, all potable water supplies shall be
provided with appropriate backflow protection, as
required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Except as otherwise provided for in this appendix,
the provisions of this code shall be applicable to
reclaimed water system installations.

(B) No permit for any reclaimed water system shall
be issued until complete plumbing plans, with
appropriate data satisfactory to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction, have been submitted and
approved. No changes or connections shall be made
to either the reclaimed water system or the potable
water system within any site containing a reclaimed
water system without approval by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

(C) Before the building may be occupied, the
installer shall perform the initial cross-connection test
in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction
and other authorities having jurisdiction. The test
shall be ruled successful by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction before final approval is granted.

1614.0 Definitions.

Reclaimed water is water that, as a result of tertiary
treatment of domestic wastewater by a public
agency, is suitable for a direct beneficial use or a
controlled use that would not otherwise occur. The
level of treatment and quality of the reclaimed water
shall be approved by the public health Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

For the purpose of this chapter, tertiary
treatment shall result in water that is adequately
oxidized, clarified, coagulated, filtered, and
disinfected so that at some location in the treatment
process, the seven (7) day median number of total
coliform bacteria in daily samples does not exceed
two and two-tenths (2.2) per one hundred (100)
milliliters, and the number of total coliform bacteria
does not exceed twenty-three (23) per one hundred

(100) milliliters in any sample. The water shall be
filtered so that the daily average turbidity does not
exceed two (2) turbidity units upstream from the
disinfection process.

Specifically excluded from this definition is gray
water, which is defined in Part I of this chapter.

1615.0 Permit.

It shall be unlawful for any person to construct,
install, alter, or cause to be constructed, installed, or
altered any reclaimed water system within a building
or on a premises without first obtaining a permit to
do such work from the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1616.0 Drawings and Specifications.

The Authority Having Jurisdiction may require any
or all of the following information to be included
with or in the plot plan before a permit is issued for a
reclaimed water systen\.

(A) A plot plan drawn to scale and completely
dimensioned, showing lot lines and structures,
location of all present and proposed potable water
supplies and meters, water wells, streams, auxiliary
water supply and systems, reclaimed water supply
and meters, drain lines, and locations of private
sewage disposal systems and one hundred (100)
percent expansion areas or building sewer connected
to the public sewer.

(B) Details of construction including riser diagrams
or isometrics and a full description of the complete
installation, including installation methods,
construction, and materials as required by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. To the extent
permitted by structural conditions, all reclaimed
water risers within the toilet room, including
appurtenances such as air/vacuum relief valves,
pressure reducing valves, etc., shall be installed in
the opposite end of the room containing the served
fixtures from tlie potable water risers or opposite walls,
as applicable. To the extent permitted by structural
conditions, reclaimed water headers and branches
off risers shall not be run in the same wall or ceiling
cavity of the toilet room where potable water piping
is run.

(C) Detailed initial and annual testing requirements
as outlined elsewhere in this chapter.

1617.0 Pipe Material/Pipe Identification.

Reclaimed water piping and fittings shall be as
required in this code for potable water piping and
fittings. All reclaimed water pipe and fittings shall be
continuously wrapped with purple-colored Mylar
tape. The wrapping tape shall have a minimum

273

1617.0-1619.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

nominal thickness of five ten-thousandths (0.0005)
inch (0.127 mm) and a minimum width of two (2)
inches (51 mm). Tape shall be fabricated of
poly(vinyl chloride) with a synthetic rubber adhesive
and a clear polypropylene protective coating or
approved equal. The tape shall be purple (Pantone
color #512) and shall be imprinted in nominal one-
half (1/2) inch (12.7 mm) high, black uppercase
letters, with the words "CAUTION: RECLAIMED
WATER, DO NOT DRINK." The lettering shall be
imprinted in two (2) parallel lines, such that after
wrapping the pipe with a one-half (1/2) inch width
overlap, one (1) full line of text shall be visible.
Wrapping tape is not required for buried PVC pipe
manufactured with purple color integral to the plastic
and marked on opposite sides to read "CAUTION:
RECLAIMED WATER, DO NOT DRINK" in
intervals not to exceed three (3) feet (914 mm).

All valves, except fixture supply control valves
shall be equipped with a locking feature. All
mechanical equipment that is appurtenant to the
reclaimed water system shall be painted purple to
match the Mylar wrapping tape.

1618.0 Installation.

(A) Hose bibbs shall not be allowed on reclaimed
water piping systems.

(B) The reclaimed water system and the potable
water system within the building shall be provided
with the required appurtenances (valves, air/vacuum
relief valves, etc.) to allow for deactivation or
drainage as may be required by this chapter.

(C) Reclaimed water pipes shall not be run or laid in
the same trench as potable water pipes. A ten (10)
foot (3,048 mm) horizontal separation shall be
maintained between pressurized, buried reclaimed
and potable water piping. Buried potable water
pipes crossing pressurized reclaimed water pipes
shall be laid a minimum of twelve (12) inches (305
m^m) above the reclaimed water pipes. Reclaimed
water pipes laid in the same trench or crossing
building sewer or drainage piping shall be installed
in compliance with Sections 609.0 and 720.0 of this
code. Reclaimed water pipes shall be protected
similar to potable water pipes.

1619.0 Signs.

(A) Room Entrance Signs. All installations using
reclaimed water for water closets and /or urinals shall
be identified with signs. Each sign shall contain one-
half (1/2) inch (12.7 mm) letters of a highly visible
color on a contrasting background. The location of

the sign(s) shall be such that the sign(s) shall be
visible to all users. The number and location of the
signs shall be approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction and shall contain the following text:

TO CONSERVE WATER, THIS BUILDING USES
RECLAIMED

WATER TO FLUSH TOILETS AND URINALS.

(B) Equipment Room Signs. Each equipment room
containing reclaimed water equipment shall have a
sign posted with the following wording in one (1)
inch (25.4 mm) letters on a purple background:

CAUTION

RECLAIMED WATER, DO NOT DRINK.

DO NOT CONNECT TO DRINKING WATER
SYSTEM.

NOTICE

CONTACT BUILDING MANAGEMENT BEFORE

PERFORMING ANY WORK ON THIS WATER
SYSTEM.

This sign shall be posted in a location that is
visible to anyone working on or near reclaimed
water equipment.

(C) Where tank-type water closets are flushed with
reclaimed water, the tank shall be labeled:

RECLAIMED WATER - DO NOT DRINK

(D) Valve Access Door Signs. Each reclaimed
water valve within a wall shall have its access door
into the wall equipped with a warning sign
approximately six (6) inches by six (6) inches (152
mm x 152 mm) with wording in one half (1/2) inch
(12.7 mm) letters on a purple background. The size,
shape, and format of the sign shall be substantially
the same as that specified in subsection (B) above.
The signs shall be attached inside the access door
frame and shall hang in the center of the access door
frame. This sign requirement shall be applicable to
any and all access doors, hatches, etc., leading to
reclaimed water piping and appurtenances.

(E) Valve Seals. Each valve or appurtenance shall
be sealed in a manner approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction after the reclaimed system has
been approved and placed into operation. These
seals shall either be a crimped lead wire seal or a
plastic breakaway seal which, if broken after system

274

GRAY WATER SYSTEMS

1619.0-1620.0

approval, shall be deemed conclusive evidence that
the reclaimed water system has been accessed. The
seals shall be purple with the words "RECLAIMED
WATER" and shall be supplied by the reclaimed
water purveyor or by other arrangements acceptable
to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

1620.0 Inspection and Testing.

(A) Reclaimed water piping shall be tested as
outlined in this code for testing of potable water
piping.

(B) An initial and subsequent annual cross-
cormection inspection and test shall be performed on
both the potable and reclaimed water systems as
follows:

(1) Visual Dual System Inspection. Prior to
commencing the cross-connection testing, a
dual system inspection shall be conducted
by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and
other authorities having jurisdiction.

(i) Meter locations of the reclaimed water
and potable water lines shall be checked
to verify that no modifications were
made, and that no cross-coimections are
visible.

(ii) All pumps and equipment, equipment
room signs, and exposed piping in
the equipment room shall be checked.

(iii) All valves shall be checked to ensure
that valve lock seals are still in place
and intact. All valve control door signs
shall be checked to verify that no signs
have been removed.

(2) Cross-Connection Test. The following
procedure shall be followed by the applicant
in the presence of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction and other authorities having
jurisdiction to determine whether a cross-
connection occurred.

(i) The potable water system shall be
activated and pressurized. The reclaimed
water system shall be shut down and
completely drained.

(ii) The potable water system shall remain
pressurized for a minimum period of
time specified by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction while the reclaimed water
system is empty. The minimum period
the reclaimed water system is to remain
depressurized shall be determined on a
case-by-case basis, taking into account
the size and complexity of the potable

and reclaimed water distribution
systems, but in no case shall that period
be less than one (1) hour.

(iii) All fixtures, potable and reclaimed,
shall be tested and inspected for flow.
Flow from any reclaimed water system
outlet shall indicate a cross-connection.
No flow from a potable water outlet
would indicate that it may be con-
nected to the reclaimed water system.

(iv) The drain on the reclaimed water
system shall be checked for flow during
the test and at the end of the period.

(v) The potable water system shall then be

completely drained,
(vi) The reclaimed water system shall then

be activated and pressurized.

(vii)The reclaimed water system shall
remain pressurized for a minimum
period of time specified by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction while the
potable water system is empty. The
minimum period the potable water
system is to remain depressurized shall
be determined on a case-by-case basis,
but in no case shall that period be less
than one (1) hour.

(viii) All fixtures, potable and reclaimed, shall
be tested and inspected for flow. Flow
from any potable water system outlet
shall indicate a cross-connection. No
flow from a reclaimed water outlet
would indicate that it may be connected
to the potable water system.

(ix) The drain on the potable water system
shall be checked for flow during the test
and at the end of the period.

(x) If there is no flow detected in any of the
fixtures that would have indicated a
cross-connection, the potable water
system shall be repressurized.

(3) In the event that a cross-connection is
discovered, the following procedure, in the
presence of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction, shall be activated immediately:

(i) Reclaimed water piping to the building
shall be shut down at the meter, and the
reclaimed water riser shall be drained.

(ii) Potable water piping to the building
shall be shut down at the meter.

(iii) The cross-connection shall be uncovered
and disconnected.

275

1620.0-1622.0

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

(iv) The building shall be retested following
procedures listed in subsections (B)(1)
and (B)(2) above.

(v) The potable water system shall be
chlorinated with fifty (50) ppm chlorine
for twenty-four (24) hours.

(vi) The potable water system shall be
flushed after twenty-four (24) hours,
and a standard bacteriological test shall
be performed. If test results are
acceptable, the potable water system
may be recharged.

(C) An annual inspection of the reclaimed water
system, following the procedures listed in subsection
1620.0 (B)(1), shall be required. Annual cross-
connection testing, following the procedures listed in
subsection 1620.0 (B)(2), shall be required by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction, unless site conditions
do not require it. In no event shall the test occur less
often than once in four (4) years. Alternate testing
requirements may be allowed by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction for institutional buildings.

The health officer or other designated appointee
may substitute for the Authority Having Jurisdiction
in the above-mentioned inspections and tests.

1621.0 Sizing.

Reclaimed water piping shall be sized as outlined in
this code for sizing potable water piping.

1622.0 Approved Uses of Reclaimed Water.

Reclaimed water is allowed in all nonresidential
buildings to supply fixtures as specified in this
chapter, except where prohibited by statute,
regulation, or ordinance.

276

APPENDICES

The appendices are intended to supplement the provisions of the installation requirements of this code. The
definitions in Chapter 2 are also applicable to the appendices.

CONTENTS

Page
Appendix A

Recommended Rules for Sizing the Water Supply System 279

Appendix B

Explanatory Notes on Combination Waste and Vent Systems 295

Appendix C DELETED

Appendix D

Sizing Storm Water Drainage Systems 297

Appendix E

Manufactured/Mobile Home Parks and Recreational Vehicle Parks. 305

Appendix F

Firefighter Breathing Air Replenishment Systems , 317

Appendix H DELETED

Appendix I

Installation Standards .....:..,..... 321

Appendix K

Private Sewage Disposal Systems 421

Appendix L

Alternate Plumbing Systems 433

277

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

278

APPENDIX A

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Because of the variable conditions encountered, it is
impractical to lay down definite detailed rules of
procedure for determining the sizes of water supply
pipes in an appendix, which must necessarily be
limited in length. For a more adequate understanding
of the problems involved, refer to Water-Distributing
Systems for Buildings, Report BMS 79 of the National
Bureau of Standards; and Plumbing Manual, Report
BMS 66, also published by the National Bureau of
Standards.

The following is a suggested order of
procedure for sizing the water supply system.

A 1 Preliminary Information.

A 1.1 Obtain the necessary information
regarding the minimum daily service pressure in the
area where the building is to be located.

A 1 .2 If the building supply is to be metered,
obtain information regarding friction loss relative to
the rate of flow for meters in the range of sizes likely
to be used. Friction-loss data can be obtained from
most manufacturers of water meters. Friction losses
for disk-type meters may be obtained from Chart A-1.

A 1.3 Obtain all available local information
regarding the use of different kinds of pipe with
respect both to durability and to decrease in capacity
with length of service in the particular water supply.

A 2 Demand Load.

A 2.1 Estimate the supply demand for the
building main and the principal branches and
risers of the system by totaling the fixture units on
each. Table A-2, and then by reading the
corresponding ordinate from Chart A-2 or A-3,
whichever is applicable.

A 2.2 Estimate continuous supply demands in
gallons per minute (liters per second) for lawn
sprinklers, air conditioners, etc., and add the sum to
the total demand for fixtures. The result is the
estimated supply demand of the building supply.

A 3 Permissible Friction Loss.

A 3.1 Decide what is the desirable minimum
residual pressure that shall be maintained at the
highest fixture in the supply system. If the highest
group of fixtures contains flushometer valves, the
residual pressure for the group shall not be less than
fifteen (15) psi (103 kPa). For flush tank supplies, the

available residual pressure shall not be less than
eight (8) psi (55 kPa).

A 3.2 Determine the elevation of the highest
fixture or group of fixtures above the water (street)
main. Multiply this difference in elevation by forty-
three hundredths (0.43). The result is the loss in static
pressure in psi (pounds per square inch) (kPa).

A 3.3 Subtract the sum of loss in static pressure
and the residual pressure to be maintained at the
highest fixture from the average minimum daily
service pressure. The result will be the pressure
available for friction loss in the supply pipes, if no
water meter is used. If a meter is to be installed, the
friction loss in the meter for the estimated maximum
demand should also be subtracted from the service
pressure to determine the pressure loss available for
friction loss in the supply pipes.

A 3.4 Determine the developed length of pipe
from the water (street) main to the highest fixture. If
close estimates are desired, compute with the aid of
Table A-3 the equivalent length of pipe for all fittings
in the line from the water (street) main to the highest
fixture and add the sum to the developed length. The
pressure available for friction loss in pounds per
square inch (kPa), divided by the developed lengths
of pipe from the water (street) main to the highest
fixture, times one hundred (100), will be the average
permissible friction loss per one hundred (100) foot
(30,480 mm) length of pipe.

A 4 Size of Building Supply.

A 4.1 Knowing the permissible friction loss per
one hundred (100) feet (30,480 mm) of pipe and the
total demand, the diameter of the building supply
pipe may be obtained from Charts A-4, A-5, A-6, or
A-7, whichever is applicable. The diameter of pipe
on or next above the coordinate point corresponding
to the estimated total demand and the permissible
friction loss will be the size needed up to the first
branch from the building supply pipe.

A 4.2 If copper tubing or brass pipe is to be used
for the supply piping and if the character of the
water is such that only slight changes in the
hydraulic characteristics may be expected. Chart A-4
may be used.

A 4.3 Chart A-5 should be used for ferrous pipe
with only the most favorable water supply in regards
corrosion and caking. If the water is hard or
corrosive. Chart A-6 or A-7 will be applicable. For
extremely hard water, it will be advisable to make

279

Appendix A

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

additional allowances for the reduction of capacity of
hot- water lines in service.

A 5 Size of Principal Branches and Risers.

A 5.1 The required size of branches and risers
may be obtained in the same manner as the building
supply, by obtaining the demand load on each
branch or riser and using the permissible friction loss
computed in Section A 3.

A 5.2 Fixture branches to the building supply,
if they are sized for the same permissible friction
loss per one hundred (100) feet (30,480 mm) of
pipe as the branches and risers to the highest level
in the building, may lead to inadequate water
supply to the upper floor of a building. This may
be controlled by (1) selecting the sizes of pipe for
the different branches so that the total friction loss
in each lower branch is approximately equal to
the total loss in the riser, including both friction
loss and loss in static pressure; (2) throttling each
such branch by means of a valve until the
preceding balance is obtained; (3) increasing the
size of the building supply and risers above the
minimum required to meet the maximum
permissible friction loss.

A 5.3 The size of branches and mains serving
flushometer tanks shall be consistent with sizing
procedures for flush tank water closets.

pipe from the pressure-reducing valve to the most
distant fixture of two hundred (200) feet (60,960
mm); and fixtures to be installed with flush valves
for water closets and stall urinals as follows:

If the pipe material and water supply are such
that Chart A-5 applies, the required diameter of the
building supply is three and one-half (3-1/2) inches
(88.9 mm) and the required diameter of the branch to
the hot-water heater is one and one-half (1-1/2)
inches (40 mm).

The sizes of the various branches and risers may
be determined in the same maimer as the size of the
building supply or the branch to the hot-water
system, by estimating the demand fqr the riser or
branch from Chart A-2 or A-3 and applying the total
demand estimate from the branch, riser, or section
thereof to the appropriate flowchart.

A 6 General.

A 6.1 Velocities shall not exceed 10 feet/second
(3.0 m/sec.) or the maximum values given in the
appropriate Installation Standard, except as
otherwise approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

A 6.2 If a pressure-reducing valve is used in the
building supply, the developed length of supply
piping and the permissible friction loss should be
computed from the building side of the valve.

A 6.3 The allowances in Table A-3 for fittings
are based on nonrecessed threaded fittings. For
recessed threaded fittings and streamlined soldered
fittings, one-half (1/2) the allowances given in the
table will be ample.

A 7 Example.

A 7.1 Assume an office building of four (4)
stories and basement; pressure on the building side
of the pressure-reducing valve of fifty-five (55) psi
(379 kPa) (after an allowance for reduced pressure
falloff at peak demand); an elevation of highest
fixture above the pressure-reducing valve of forty-
five (45) feet (13,716 mm); a developed length of

280

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR
SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Appendix A

Chart A-1
Friction Losses for Disk-Type Water l\/leters

20

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4 5 678910 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 8001000

Flow - Gallons per Minute

Chart A-1 (Metric)
Friction Losses for Disk-Type Water Meters

110.2

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/

/

. ..y
/

/

/ /

/

/

■/

/

7 7
■ /

1

/

/

''

' "~7' '

/

/

/
1

/

/

■
■

/

1
/
/

/

/

/ ' ''^
/ /

/

1

^

/

r /

/

1
/

/

/

/

/

/ -

/

. ■/

/

/■

/

/

L

/

/

-

■ / ■

/

1 ■
/ ■

/
/

/

/
/

/

/

/
/ .
/
/

■ /

/
. / .
■/
/
/

■

in

CM 00 Tf or^co

CO

0)

m

CM 00

o

CO

(O

0)

CM

CO

Tt

o

CM

CO CO ■* in ifxo

CM

CO CO

in

CO

CM

CO

m

h-.

o

CO

CM

CO

in

CO

Flow - Liters per Second

281

Appendix A

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Inch

mm

1/2

15

3/4

20

1

25

TABLE A-2
Water Supply Fixture Units (WSFU) and Minimum Fixture Branch Pipe Sizes^

Private

Public

Assembly^

Minimum
Fixture Branch

Appliances, Appurtenance, or Fixtures^ Pipe Size^'^

Bathtub or Combination Bath/Shower (fill) 1/2"

3/4" Bathtub Fill Valve 3/4"

Bidet 1/2"

Clothes Washer 1/2"

Dental Unit, cuspidor 1/2"

Dishwasher, domestic 1/2"

Drinking Fountain or Watercooler 1/2"

Hose Bibb 1/2"

Hose Bibb, each additional 1/2"

Lavatory 1/2"

Lawn Sprinkler, each head^

Mobile Home, each (minimum)

Sinks

Bar 1/2"

Clinic Faucet 1/2"

Clinic Flushometer Valve

with or without faucet 1"

Kitchen, domestic 1/2"

Laundry 1/2"

Service or Mop Basin 1/2"

Washup, each set of faucets 1/2"

Shower 1/2"

Urinal, 1.0 GPF 3/4"

Urinal, greater than 1.0 GPF 3/4"

Urinal, flush tank 1/2"

Washfountain, circular spray 3/4"

Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank 1/2"

Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Tank 1/2"

Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve 1"

Water Closet, greater than 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank 1/2"

Water Closet, greater than 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve 1"

Notes:

1 . Size of the cold branch outlet pipe, or both the hot and cold branch outlet pipes.

2. Appliances, Appurtenances, or Fixtures not included in this Table may be sized by reference to fixtures having a similar flow rate
and frequency of use.

3. The listed fixture imit values represent their total load on the cold water service. The separate cold water and hot water fixture
unit value for fixtures having both cold and hot water connections may each be taken as three-quarters (3/4) of the listed total
value of the fixture.

4. The Usted minimum supply branch pipe sizes for individual fixtures are the nominal (I.D.) pipe size.

5. For fixtures or supply connections likely to impose continuous flow demands, determine the required flow in gallons per minute
(GPM) and add it separately to the demand (in GPM) for the distribution system or portions thereof.

6. Assembly [Public Use (See Table 4-1)].

7. Reduced fixture unit loading for additional hose bibbs as used is to be used only when sizing total building demand and for pipe

sizing when more than one hose bibb is supplied by a segment of water distributing pipe. The fixture branch to each hose bibb
shall be sized on the basis of 2.5 fixture tinits.

4.0

4.0

10.0

10.0

1.0

4.0

4.0
1.0

1.5

1.5

0.5

0.5

0.7.

2.5

2.5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

12.0

1.0

2.0
3.0

8.0

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

3.0
2.0

2.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

2.0

2.0
4.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

3.5

2.5

2.5

3.5

5.0

5.0

8.0

3.0

5.5

7.0

7.0

8.0

10.0

282

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR
SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Appendix A

TABLE A-3

Allowance in Equivalent Length of Pipe for Friction Losis in Valves and Threaded Fittings*

Equivalent Length of Pipe for Various Fittings

90°

45°

90°

Coupling or

Diameter

Standard

Standard

Standard

Straight

Gate

Globe

Angle

of Fitting

Elbow

Elbow

Tee

Run of Tee

Valve

Valve

Valve

Inches

Feet

Feet

Feet

Feet

Feet

Feet

Feet

3/8

1.0

0.6

1.5

0.3

0.2

8

4

1/2

2.0

1.2

3.0

0.6

0.4

15

8

3/4

2.5

1.5

4.0

0.8

0.5

20

12

1

3.0

1.8

5.0

0.9

0.6

25

15

1-1/4

4.0

2.4

6.0

1.2

0.8

35

18

1-1/2

5.0

3.0

7.0

1.5

1.0

45

22

2

7.0

4.0

10.0

2.0

1.3

55

28

2-1/2

8.0

5.0

12.0

2.5

1.6

65

34

3

10.0

6.0

15.0

3.0

2.0

80

40

4

14.0

8.0

21.0

4.0

2.7

125

55

5

17.0

10.0

25.0

5.0

3.3

140

70

6

20.0

12.0

30.0

6.0

4.0

165

80

TABLE A-3 (Metric)
Equivalent Length of Pipe for Various Fittings

90°

45°

90°

Coupling or

Diameter

Standard

Standard

Standard

Straight

Gate

Globe

Angle

of Fitting

Elbow

Elbow

Tee

Run of Tee

Valve

Valve

Valve

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

10

305

183

457

91

61

2,438

1,219

15

610

366

914

183

122

4,572

2,438

20

762

457

1,219

244

152

6,096

3,658

25

914

549

1,524

274

183

7,620

4,572

32

1,219

732

1,829

366

244

10,668

5,486

40

1,524

914

2,134

457

305

13,716

6,706

50

2,134

1,219

3,048

610

396

16,764

8,534

65

2,438

1,524

3,658

762

488

19,812

10,363

80

3,048

1,829

4,572

914

610

24,384

12,192

100

4,267

2,438

6,401

1,219

823

38,100

16,764

125

5,182

3,048

7,620

1,524

1,006

42,672

21,336

150

6,096

3,658

9,144

1,829

1,219

50,292

24,384

*AIlowances are based on nonrecessed threaded fittings. Use one-half (1/2) the allowances for recessed threaded fittings or
streamlined solder fittings.

283

Appendix A
A 7 Example

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Fixture Units and Estimated Demands

Building Supply Demand

Building Supply
Demand

Branch to Hot Water System

Demand
Fixture Unit in gallons

Kind of

No. of Fixture Unit

Total

ingpm

No. Of

Demand

per minute

Fixtures

Fixtures

Demand

Units (L per sec)

Fixtures

> Calculation

(L per sec)

Water Closets

130

8.0

1040

-

-

-

- .

Urinals

30

4.0

120

-

- .

-

-

Shower heads

12

2.0

24

12

12 X 2 X 3/4=18

-

Lavatories

100

1.0

100

-

100

100x1x3/4=75

-

Service Sinks

27

3.0

81

-

27

27x3x3/4=61

- ■

Total

1,365,252 gpm (15.8

L/s)

154

55 gpm (3.4 L/s)

Allowing for 15 psi (103.4 kPa) at the highest fixture under the maximum demand of 252 gallons per minute
(15.8 L/sec), the pressure available for friction loss is found by the following:

55 - [15 + (45 x 0.43)] = 20.65 psi
Metric: 379 - [103.4 + (13.7 x 9.8)] = 142.3 kPa
The allowable friction loss per 100 feet (30.4 m) of pipe is therefore:

100x20.65 ^200 = 10.32 psi
Metric: 30.4 X 142.3 4 60.8 = 71.1 kPa

284

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR
SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

500

Appendix A

400

Q. 300

O

"O

c

i 200

100

Chart A-2
Estimate Curves for Demand Load

i 1 j i i r ''" ''' 1

''' ■ i j ! t

i ■•■ ■ '• j 1 ■ ■ ■■ • ■

i i

^ <*''

^w^

1 ^ g

""■ ~ --f-^ ^ "^^(P'^ ■

rf^i i

1 1 I ^ ii '

i ^ ^

j ^^^

L ^ ^i

^ ^

* -J- ^ i^ "' ■

^^^^

_^r

ji ^

■ ^' "'' 1

1 * h "2^ +

J ■ r- .

^ ^

_^ 1^

^^

^^ !

^ ^'^ i

1 ^ ' , J , 1

' _^ I'

^j

^ ^^

■ ^ ^ir

^ aW

'\ ^ ^ ^v

A^ Jr

i^r^rj ti T'*'! ii'l T r ii

7 ^ n^ ' " No. 2 for system predominantly for flush tanks - -^

-'-y^-X -; ^ ,-' , ;-

if d^ \

i Jr !

I^r i -I ! 4- 4

m i ' ' L '

-j 1 1 r- \ 1 t

1 ■ ■ i J ■ 1 ■■ • i j . . .. _-

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Fixture Units

31.5

■o 25.4

o
u

0)

%

« 18.9

I

■D
C
(0

E 12.6

0)
Q

6.3

Chart A-2 (Metric)
Estimate Curves for Demand Load

\ r- — r- . -1 \ r— —r- -

t t i L ■

1 \

^ '

tf 1^

i , J ^

.^ ^

* ^

, J ^

^ i -J- ^ ^

^ ji^

1 ^^^

^ ^^

^ ^^

^^

^^T

"t "t ^ '•'^^ '

-.1*

^ F

_^ ^

^ '

^

1 ^^ -u

L. <l J.

^ (f [

1^ rf 1 1

t^'^T'"^ |p

.1^ . . . , ., i^f . . _ ,, X

^_5 — ^-LJ^^i ^ U — |— 1

^ ^^r

1 A ^ Ar

A^ A^

j^ A

' i ji^!?oX""^^°" ''■ ^°''" syst^"^ predominantly for flushometer valves —

- _^^ - No. 2 for system predominantly for flush tanks

- ^f-.r-'- ■-' ^ •'

W Ar

m W 1

r!^

^ 1 {

I \

500 1000 1500

Fixture Units

2000

2500 3000

285

Appendix A

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

o.
O

I

100

80

60

« 40
0)

° 20

■a
c
o
o
o

0)

I

T3

C
(8

E

V

Q

Chart A-3
Enlarged Scale Demand Load

^

^

"

ilU

,M1

u.

~.

"

r

"■■

-

-

™

"

"

"

"

'T

^

1^

*

«

*

r

^

^

■«

-

■>

«

y>

*

1«<

^

^

J

-

"

^

*

^

■«■

ji

-<

*

M

J

^

^

«*

«*

^

u

l»

*

^

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^

1

K*

•

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^

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p

«*

1^

^

^

^

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^

^

^

^

«*

r

«**

^

«*»

/

^

?

rf

^

>

i

^^

^

^^

_

^

wrm

_

^

^

„

„

^

TTM

■m

^

^

^

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Fixture Units

Chart A-3 (Metric)
Enlarged Scale Demand Load

C Q

1 —

^^"

■n^

~T~

KBB

"T-

"-

—

D.O

1

i

L<-

-^

!

»--■

i

a>

^^ili"*

1

c; n

^1^

j^

W ■

• «*'

f->

^

^ '

• •<•

,^ ■

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1-*^

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_^)^^

i»^

^^

^-^

»•*

■r'

P 1

• ^

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2 5

^

^'

•••

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i

^

i

^

•.*■

*

>

i

i**

^K"

1

r

.r>^

1 3

rf*

?

i

■-

<^

!

i

\

/

1

^■H

_^

_..u.

-»

<-!«

1

_J__

„_,

.

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Fixture Units

286

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR
SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Appendix A

Chart A-4

M^^H

M^

^^H^M

^■MM

■^

■"■

^^

" ■

Copper Tubing
Smooth Pipe

^•

J

^

Type M -

"

—

y

Type L -

—

X--

,.

Type K

y^

\

/

/^

M

\

^

,^

.'

,

^e^>

^

•<\

i^

./^

y

\

y
y

\

K

\ _/"

\_^

^

Q.

^y'

\

^.

y

\

"V^

^y\^

^^

\o

^xC

V^

X

\

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^ _^

^

\y

^' \

./<\

;r

\y

/

N n

•

X

■^ \

\ v>

\,

^

^

^

,yyy^

^

y

\

\

/

\

\

!^<^'a

^

-^

^

/^

\'\^

X

\

V\

'\

^

"i

\

K'

S V>

K

^-^

VS^^/

\\

y^^

-^

\

\

-^

N

k

;;S^

<5>

^

y

^i

3^^N>

A

\

y

y

y

^ "A

V'

x' \

^\

\

V, ..r\Q,.-

\ ^

/

> ^

Vi? v^

\

V

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^

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.'

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^Vu

v^ \

\

y

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.. r^LJ

\,

y

\

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y

^

^

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./^ >

^

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\

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y.'

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x

>

r \^

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v^

' v^

^

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y

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y

^

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\

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\:C^

'^-^

^

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1

y ,

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\

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v'

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,

x>

\ -^--

v'"^

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\^

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s ^ -^'

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c>

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s^^

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\

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^

Js^r^„.

\

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v

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\ '' y

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\

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\

^

P^

K-

^\

^

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^ Xj:^

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\^

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\

^

X

•/^

^

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\

<^^v

^.

\

>

T

y "3^

\

\
s

''^
,<^^

X

^

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^

N

\^

^

y^

1^

^

y_^

i;^^

-^

\

\

^

s

I u.uuu
8000

6000
5000
4000

3000
2000

1000

800

600

500

400

(D

300

3

cr

200

SE

i-i

<u

a

100

80

60
50

(0

C5

40

.£

30

;s

20

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 20 30 40 5060 80100

Friction Loss - Lbs. per Square-Inch Head per 100-Foot Length

287

Appendix A

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Chart A-4 (Metric)

"~~'

"*

-"

~~~

"

Smooth Pipe

.-'

X

Type M -

"

^

-'

Type L -

y^

J

Type K

y

y

/^

^

K

y

.^^

^

^

^

^

\

\

y^

^

\

y

y

$•

j\e^

^

\ /

y

^<^

J^

\ y^

y

' ^

..^ 3^_.

v^-

/^

\

^

^

^

\

.■^

::^ \

\

i

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>

X

_^^

^'

-' \

, V

\

1^

>

\

/^JVO

\

x'

\,

^

\

\

\

:^\

^

£~

X-

nr

y\

^ ^/

y

\

^

^

\

K

'1

^

r

^

fe/

\.

y

\

».

-^

K

^

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^<^^\

V

5

i

5,

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^

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r - ^o-^

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^^

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7^

^-^A^

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y

^

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V

(^j^ J

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o >

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y

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^^

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>

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n

I

s

5

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K' ^

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v

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(.'

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v.

N

^^

S,

/'

\ •'J-^T'

' V

v^

/^

^^

\s

^ ^i

'^^

V^'^

' P

V

^

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>

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\

\ ^

^

y-^,'

\^

^

\

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^'\

/^

r

\

\

\ - V^

^

y" — ^

^

^^

\

\ ^^

/

\

N

^y\

^

'

\

^ ^

---/^

K'

^\

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\

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.-^

^

^

c]

•

<

^\

\

i-

\

k

\

630.0
504.0

378.0
315,0.
252.0,

189.0
126.0

63.0

50.4

37.8

31.5

25.2

■D

18.9

C

o

12.6

u

0)

0)

i_

<3i

6.3

Q.

(0

5.0

0)

3.8

-J

3.2

c

2.5

^

1.9

o

u.

1.3

0.6
0.5

0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3

0.2

0.1

CM

■* t^

m

<3)

00

h-

CO

If) ■^

CM

o

(35

00

00

h-

r-.

CO

ID

CO

CO Ol

CD

CM

lO

00

y—

■t h-

CO

o>

r^

CO

in

■q-

m

,«.

m

T-

T— T—

CO

CO

CD CD

CO

CM

in

00

■*

t^

CI

no

■^

■^ ■^

CD

o>

CO

CO

CD

CO
CM

CM
CO

Friction Loss - 32.9 Pa/m

288

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR
SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Appendix A

Chart A-5

^MHH

MIM

-T-

^■^

^

^T

— T^

^" ■

Fairly
Smooth

s,

y

\ ~.^<'C\

^

s,

\

^

^

\

y

s,

-''

_^-

\ :-, \<^

5^v^

\

^

jp

y

^

.^^'

'^ \

k^

\

/

^

i'X V

^X

<(

\

L

^^

;^^ "

^

^

--"'

-V

\

\

\

V

/"

.. 6„

^

/

\

/

\

\

^

k:

s

V

>

\

/

^

y

\

\

/
/

--

y \

A,

«i

'\

\^

\

^

V

v^

\,

^^

y

y

?i\

^--^N.

\^

s

s

^^^

'v

.^"■"^ \-^

■^

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294

APPENDIX B

EXPLANATORY NOTES ON COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEMS

(See Section 910.0 of the UPC for specific limitations.)

B 1 Combination waste and vent systems, as
outlined in Section 910.0 of this code, cover the
horizontal wet venting of a series of traps by means
of a common waste and vent pipe. Pipe sizes at least
two (2) pipe sizes larger than those required for a
conventional system are designed to maintain a
wetted perimeter or flow line low enough in the
waste pipe to allow adequate air movement in the
upper portion, thus balancing the system. Sinks,
lavatories, and other fixtures that rough in above the
floor, should not be permitted on a combination
waste and vent system, which, at best, is merely an
expedient designed to be used in locations where it
would be structurally impractical to provide venting
in the conventional manner.

Combination waste and vent systems are
intended primarily for extensive floor or shower
drain installations where separate venting is not
practical, for floor sinks in markets, demonstration or
work tables in school buildings, or for similar
applications where the fixtures are not adjacent to
walls or partitions. Due to its oversize characteristics,
such a waste system is not self-scouring and,
consequently, care should be exercised as to the type
of fixtures connected thereto and to the location of
cleanouts. In view of its grease-producing potential,
restaurant kitchen equipment should not be
connected to a combination waste and vent system.

B 2 Caution must be exercised to exclude
appurtenances delivering large quantities or surges
of water (such as pumps, sand interceptors, etc.)
from combination waste and vent systems in order
that adequate venting will be maintained. Small
fixtures with a waste-producing potential of less
than seven and one-half (7-1/2) gallons per minute
(0.5 L/sec.) may be safely assigned a loading value
of one (1) unit. Long runs should be laid at the
minimum permissible slope in order to keep
tailpieces as short as possible. Tailpieces should not
exceed two (2) feet (610 mm) in length, which may
necessitate slopes up to forty-five (45) degrees (0.79
rad) (see definition of horizontal pipe) on some
branches.

B 3 It is essential that the pneumatics of such a
system be properly engineered, as the air pressure
within the line must at all times balance that of
outside atmosphere in order to prevent either trap
seal loss or air locking between traps. Long mains
shall be provided with additional relief vents
located at intervals not exceeding one hundred
(100) feet (30,480 mm). Each such relief vent should
equal at least one-half (1/2) of the inside cross-
sectional area of the drainpipe served.

B 4 Trap sizes are required to be equivalent to
the branches they serve (two (2) pipe sizes larger
than normal), and tailpieces between fixtures or
floor drains and such traps should be reduced to
normal size.

B 5 Duplicate layout drawings of each such
proposed piping system must be presented to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction and approval
obtained before any installation is made.
Complicated layouts should be checked by
qualified personnel.

B 5.1 Example of Sizing.

A floor drain normally required two (2) inch (50
mm) trap and waste. On a combination waste
and vent system, both trap and waste must be
increased two (2) pipe sizes (through 2-1/2" and
3") (65 mm and 80 mm), which would make the
trap three (3) inch (76 mm). Pipe sizes
recognized for this purpose are 2 in., 2-1/2 in., 3 in.,
3-1/2 in., 4 in., 4-1/2 in., 5 in., 6 in., etc. (50 mm,
65 mm, 76 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm, 115 mm, 125
mm, 150 mm, etc.). The tailpiece between the
floor drain and its trap should be two (2) inches
(51 mm) (or normal size) to ensure that the
amount of wastewater entering the trap only
partially fills the waste branch. A three (3) inch
(76 mm) floor drain would thus require a four
(4) inch (100 mm) trap, a four (4) inch (100 mm)
floor drain, and five (5) inch (125 mm) trap, etc.,
for the reasons previously stated.

WHEN IN DOUBT, CHECK WITH YOUR
LOCAL Authority Having Jurisdiction.

295

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

296

APPENDIX D

SIZING STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

D 1 Roof Drainage.

The rainfall rates in Table D-1 should be used for
design unless higher values are established locally.

D 2 Sizing by Flow Rate.

Storm drainage systems can be sized by storm water
flow rates, using the appropriate GPM/square foot of
rainfall listed in Table D-1 for the local area.
Multiplying the listed GPM/square foot by the roof
area being drained by each inlet (in square feet)
produces the gallons per minute (GPM) of required
flow for sizing each drain inlet. The flow rates (GPM)
can then be added to determine the flows in each
section of the drainage system. Required pipe sizes
for various flow rates (GPM) are listed in Table 11-1
and Table 11-2.

D 3 Sizing by Roof Area.

Storm drainage systems can be sized using the roof
area served by each section of the drainage system.

Maximum allowable roof areas with various rainfall
rates are listed in Table 11-1 and Table 11-2, along
with the required pipe sizes. Using this method, it
may be necessary to interpolate between two listed
rainfall rate columns (inches per hour). To determine
the allowable roof area for a listed pipe size at a
listed slope, divide the allowable square feet of roof
for a one (1) inch (25.4 mm/h) rainfall rate by the
listed rainfall rate for the local area. For example, the
allowable roof area for a six (6) inch (152 mm) drain
at one-eighth (1/8) inch (3.2 mm) slope with a
rainfall rate of 3.2 inches (81 mm/h) is 21,400/3.2 =
6,688 square feet (621.3 m^ ).

D 4 Capacity of Rectangular Scuppers.

Table D-2 lists the discharge capacity of rectangular
roof scuppers of various widths with various heads
of water. The maximum allowable level of water on
the roof should be obtained from the structural
engineer, based on the design of the roof.

TABLE D-1
Maximum Rates of Rainfall for Various Cities

The rainfall rates in this table are based on U.S. Weather Bureau
Technical Paper No. 40, Chart 14: 100- Year 60-Minute Rainfall (inches).

States and Cities

Storm Drainage
60-Minute Duration, 100- Year Return

Inches/Hour

GPM/Square Foot

ALABAMA

Birmingham
Himtsville

3.7
3.3

0.038
0.034

Mobile

4.5

0.047

Montgomery

3.8

0.039

ALASKA

Aleutian Islands

1.0

0.010

Anchorage
Bethel

0.6
0.8

0.006
0.008

Fairbanks

1.0

0.010

Juneau

0.6

0.006

ARIZONA

Flagstaff
Phoenix

2.3

2.2

0.024
0.023

Tucson

3.0

0.031

297

Appendix D

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE D-1 Continued

Storm Drainage

States and Cities

60-Minute Duration, 100- Year Return

Inches/Hour

GPM/Square Foot

ARKANSAS

Eudora

3.8

0.039

Ft. Smith

3.9

0.041

Jonesboro

3.5

0.036

Little Rock

3.7

0.038

CALIFORNIA

Eureka

1.5

0.016

Lake Tahoe

L3

0.014

Los Angeles

2.0

0.021

Lucerne Valley

2.5

0.026

Needles

1.5

0.016

Palmdale

3.0

0.031

Redding

1.5

0.016

San Diego

1.5

0.016

San Francisco

1.5

0.016

San Luis Obispo

1.5

0.016

COLORADO

Craig

1.5

0.016

Denver

2.2

0.023

Durango

1.8

0.019

Stratton

3.0

0.031

CONNECTICUT

Hartford

2.8

0.029

New Haven

3.0

0.031

DELAWARE

Dover

3.5

0.036

Rehobeth Beach

3.6

0.037

DISTRICT OF

COLUMBIA

Washington

4.0

0.042

FLORIDA

Daytona Beach

4.0

0.042

Ft. Myers

4.0

0.042

Jacksonville

4.3

0.045

Melbourne

4.0

0.042

Miami

4.5

0.047

Palm Beach

5.0

0.052

Tampa

4.2

0.044

Tallahassee

4.1

0.043

GEORGIA

Atlanta

3.5

0.036

Brunswick

4.0

0.042

Macon

3.7

0.038

Savannah

4.0

0.042

Thomasville

4.0

0.042

298

SIZING STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

Appendix D

TABLE D-1 Continued

States and Cities

Storm Drainage
eO-iVlinute Duration, 100-Year Return

Inches/Hour

GPIVI/Square Foot

HAWAII

Rainfall rates in the Hawaiian Islands vary from 1-1/2 inches/hour to
inches /hour, depending on location and elevation. Consult local data.

IDAHO

Boise

Idaho Falls
Lewiston
Twin Falls

ILLINOIS

Chicago
Harrisburg
Peoria
Springfield

INDIANA

Evansville
Indianapolis
Richmond
South Bend

IOWA

Council Bluffs
Davenport
Des Moines
Sioux City

KANSAS

Goodland
Salina
Topeka
Wichita

KENTUCKY

Bowling Green
Lexington
Louisville
Paducah

LOUISIANA

Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

MAINE

Bangor
Kittery
Millinocket

1.0
1.2
1.0
1.1

2.7
3.1
2.9
3.0

3.0
2.8
2.7
2.7

3.7
3.0
3.4
3.6

3.5
3.8
3.8
3.9

2.9
2.9
2.8
3.0

3.8

4.5
4.0

2.2
2.4
2.0

0.010
0.012
0.010
0.011

0.028
0.032
0.030
0.031

0.031
0.029
0.028
0.028

0.038
0.031
0.035
0.037

0.036
0.039
0.039
0.041

0.030
0.030
0.029
0.031

0.039
0.047
0.042

0.023
0.025
0.021

299

Appendix D

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE D-1 Continued

Storm Drainage

States and Cities

60-Minute Duration, 100- Year Return

Inches/Hour

GPM/Square Foot

MARYLAND

Baltimore

3.6

0.037

Frostburg

2.9

0.030

Ocean City

3.7

0.038

MASSACHUSETTS

Adams

2.6

0.027

Boston

2.7

0.028

Springfield

2.7

0.028

MICHIGAN

Detroit

2.5

0.026

Grand Rapids

2.6

0.027

Kalamazoo

2.7

0.028

Sheboygan

2.1

0.022

Traverse City

2.2

0.023

MINNESOTA

Duluth

2.6

0.027

Grand Forks

2.5

0.026

Minneapolis

3.0

0.031

Worthington

3.4

0.035

MISSISSIPPI

Biloxi

4.5

0.047

Columbus

3.5

0.036

Jackson

3.8

0.039

MISSOURI

Independence

3.7

0.038

Jefferson City

3.4

0.035

St. Louis

3.2

0.033

Springfield

3.7

0.038

MONTANA

Billings

L8

0.019

Glendive

2.5

0.026

Great Falls

1.8

0.019

Missoula

1.3

0.014

NEBRASKA

Omaha

3.6

0.037

North Platte

3.5

0.036

Scotts Bluff

2.8

0.029

NEVADA

Las Vegas

1.5

0.016

Reno

1.2

0.012

Winnemucca

1.0

0.010

300

SIZING STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

Appendix D

TABLE D-1 Continued

Storm Drainage

States and Cities

60-Minute Duration,

100- Year Return

Inches/Hour

GPM/Square Foot

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Berlin

2.2

0.023

Manchester

2.5

0.026

NEW JERSEY

Atlantic City

3.4

0.035

Paterson

3.0

0.031

Trenton

3.2

0.033

NEWIVIEXICO

Albuquerque

2.0

0.021

Carlsbad

2.6

0.027

Gallup

2.1

0.022

NEW YORK

Binghamton

2.4

0.025

Buffalo

2.3

0.024

New York City

3.1

0.032

Schenectady

2.5

0.026

Syracuse

2.4

0.025

NORTH CAROLINA

Asheville

3.2

0.033

Charlotte

3.4

0.035

Raleigh

4.0

0.042

Wilmington

4.4

0.046

NORTH DAKOTA

Bismarck

2.7

0.028

Fargo

2.9

0.030

Minot

2.6

0.027

OHIO

Cincinnati

2.8

0.029

Cleveland

2.4

0.025

Columbus

2.7

0.028

Toledo

2.6

0.027

Youngstown

2.4

0.025

OKLAHOMA

Boise City

3.4

0.035

Muskogee

4.0

0.042

Oklahoma City

4.1

0.043

OREGON

Medford

1.3

0.014

Ontario

1.0

0.010

Portland

1.3

0.014

301

Appendix D

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE D-1 Continued

Storm Drainage

States and Cities

60-Minute Duration, 100- Year Return

Inches/Hour

GPM/Square Foot

PENNSYLVANIA

Erie

2.4

0.025

Harrisburg

2.9

0.030

Philadelphia

3.2

0.033

Pittsburgh

2.5

0.026

Scranton

2.8

0.029

RHODE ISLAND

Newport

3.0

0.031

Providence

2.9

0.030

SOUTH CAROLINA

Charleston

4.1

0.043

Columbia

3.5

0.036

Greenville

3.3

0.034

SOUTH DAKOTA

Lemmon

2.7

0.028

Rapid City

2.7

0.028

Sioux Falls

3.4

0.035

TENNESSEE

Knoxville

3.1

0.032

Memphis

3.5

0.036

Nashville

3.0

0.031

TEXAS

Corpus Christi

4.6

0.048

Dallas

4.2

0.044

El Paso

2.0

0.021

Houston

4.6

0.048

Lubbock

3.3

0.034

San Antonio

4.4

0.046

UTAH

Bluff

2.0

0.021

Cedar City

1.5

0.016

Salt Lake City

1.3

0.014

VERMONT

Bennington

2.5

0.026

Burlington

2.3

0.024

Rutland

2.4

0.025

VIRGINIA

Charlottesville

3.4

0.035

Norfolk

4.0

0.042

Richmond

4.0

0.042

Roanoke

3.3

0.034

302

SIZING STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

Appendix D

TABLE D-1 Continued

Storm Drainage

States and Cities

60-Minute Duration, 100- Year Return

Inches/Hour

GPM/Square Foot

WASHINGTON

Seattle

1.0

0.010

Spokane

1.0

0.010

Walla Walla

1.0

0.010

WEST VIRGINIA

Charleston

2.9

0.030

Martinsburg

3.0

0.031

Morgantown

2.7

0.028

WISCONSIN

Green Bay

2.5

0.026

Lacrosse

2.9

0.030

Milwaukee

2.7

0.028

Wausau

2.5

0.026

WYOMING

Casper

1.9

0.020

Cheyenne

2.5

0.026

Evanston

1.3

0.014

Rock Springs

1.4

0.015

303

Appendix D

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE D-2
Discharge from Rectangular Scuppers - Gallons per Minute

Water Head, Width of Scupper in Inches

Inches 6 12 18 24 30

36

1/2

6

13

19

25

32

38

1

17

35

53

71

89

107

1-1/2

31

64

97

130

163

196

2

98

149

200

251

302

2-1/2

136

207

278

349

420

3

177

271

364

458

551

3-1/2

339

457

575

693

4

412

556

700

844

TABLE D-2 (Metric)
Discharge from Rectangular Scuppers - Liters per Second

Water Head Width of Scupper in Millimeters
(mm) 152 305 457 610 762

914

13

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

25

1.1

2.2

3.3

4.5

5.6

6.8

38

2.0

4.0

6.1

8.2

10.3

12.4

51

6.2

9.4

12.6

15.8

19.1

64

8.6

13.1

17.5

22.0

26.5

76

11.2

17.1

23.0

28.9

34.8

89

21.4

28.8

36.3

43.7

102

26.0

35.1

44.2

53.3

Notes:

1. Table D-2 is based on discharge over a rectangular weir with end contractions.

2. Head is the depth of water above bottom of the scupper opening.

3. The height of the scupper opening should be at least two (2) times the design head.

4. Coordinate the allowable head of water with the structural design of the roof.

304

APPENDIX E

MANUFACTURED/MOBILE HOME PARKS AND
RECREATIONAL VEHICLE PARKS

Part A
Manufactured/Mobile Home (M/H) Park
Definitions and General Requirements

E 1 Manufactured/Mobile Home.

A structure transportable in one (1) or more sections,
which in the traveling mode is eight (8) body feet
(2,438 mm) or more in width and forty (40) body feet
(12,192 mm) or more in length or, when erected on
site, is three hundred twenty (320) or more square feet
(29.7 m^), and which is built on a permanent chassis,
and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without
a permanent foundation when connected to the
required utilities. It includes the plumbing, heating,
air conditioning, and electrical systems contained
therein. For further clarification of definition, see
Federal Regulation 24 CFR.

E 1.1 Manufactured/Mobile Home Accessory
Building or Structure. A building or structure
that is an addition to or supplements the facilities
provided to a M/H. It is not a self-contained,
separate, habitable building or structure.
Examples are awnings, cabanas, ramadas,
storage structures, carports, fences, windbreaks,
or porches.

E 2 Manufactured/Mobile Home Lot. A portion of
a M/H park designed for the accommodation of one
M/H and its accessory buildings or structures for the
exclusive use of the occupants.

E 3 Manufactured/Mobile Home Park. A parcel
(or contiguous parcels) of land that has been so
designated and improved that it contains two (2) or
more M/H lots available to the general public for the
placement thereon of M/H for occupancy.

General

E 4 The M/H park plumbing and drainage systems
shall be designed and installed in accordance with the
requirements of this appendix and the requirements
of this code.

E 5 Before any plumbing or sewage disposal facilities
are installed or altered in any M/H park, duplicate
plans and specifications shall be filed and proper
permits obtained from the department or departments
having jurisdiction. Plans shaU show in detail:

(A) Plot plan of the park drawn to scale,
indicating elevations, property lines,
driveways, existing or proposed buildings,
and the sizes of M/H lots.

(B) Complete specification and piping layout of
proposed plumbing systems or alteration.

(C) Complete specification and layout of
proposed sewage disposal system or alteration.

(D) The nature and extent of the work proposed,
showing clearly that such work will
conform to the provisions of this code.

PartB

Manufactured/Mobile Home Park Drainage
System Construction

E 6 Drainage Systems.

A drainage system shall be provided in all M/H
parks for conveying and disposing of all sewage.
Wherever feasible, connection shall be made to a
public system. All new improvements shall be
designed, constructed, and maintained in accordance
with applicable laws and regulations. Where the
drainage lines of the M/H park are not connected to
a public sewer, all proposed sewage disposal facilities
shall be approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction prior to construction.

E 7 Material.

Pipe and fittings installed underground in M/H park
drainage systems shall be of material approved for the
purpose. M/H lot drainage inlets and extensions to
grade shall be of material approved for underground
use within a building.

E 8 Drainage (Sewage) Lines.

All drainage (sewage) collection lines shall be located
in trenches of sufficient depth to be free of breakage
from traffic or other movements and shall be
separated from the park water supply system as
specified in this code. Drainage (sewage) lines shall
have a minimum size and slope as specified in
Tables E-1 and E-2.

E 9 M/H Lot Drainage Inlet and Lateral.

(A) Size. Each lot shall be provided with a
drainage inlet not less than three (3) inches
(76 mm) in diameter.

(B) The lateral line from the inlet to the sewage
drain line shall slope at least one-fourth
(1/4) inch per foot (20.9 mm/m). All joints
shall be watertight.

(C) All materials used for drainage connections
between a M/H and the lot drainage inlet

305

Appendix E

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

shall be semi-rigid, corrosion-resistant, non-
absorbent, and durable. The inner surface
shall be smooth.

(D) Provision shall be made for plugging or
capping the sewage drain inlet when a
M/H does not occupy the lot. Surface
drainage shall be diverted away from the
inlet. The rim of the inlet shall extend not
more than four (4) inches (102 mm) above
ground elevation.

E 10 Location of Lot Drain Inlet.

Each lot drainage inlet shall be located in the rear
third section and within four (4) feet (1,219 mm) of
the proposed location of the M/H.

E11 Pipe Size.

(A) Each M/H lot drainage inlet shall be
assigned a waste loading value of twelve
(12) drainage fixture units, and each park
drainage system shall be sized according to
Table E-1 or as provided herein. Drainage

laterals shall be not less than three (3) inches
(76 mm) in diameter.

(B) A park drainage system that exceeds the
fixture unit loading of Table E-1 or in which
the grade and slope of drainage pipe does
not meet the minimum specified in Table
E-2 shall be designed by a registered
professional engineer.

E 12 M/H Drain Connector.

(A) An M/H shall be connected to the lot
drainage inlet by means of a drain cormector
consisting of approved pipe not less than
Schedule 40, appropriate fittings and
connectors, and not less in size than the
M/H drainage outlet. An approved
cleanout shall be provided between the
M/H and the lot drainage inlet. The fitting
connected to the lot drainage inlet shall be a
directional fitting to discharge the flow into
the drainage inlet.

TABLE E-1
Drainage Pipe Diameter and Number of Fixture Units on Drainage System

Size of Drainage Pipe Maximum Number
Inches mm of Fixture Units

2*

51

8

3

76

35

4

102

256

5

127

428

6

152

720

8

203

2640

10

254

4680

12

305

8200

^Except six unit fixtures

TABLE E-2
Minimum Grade and Slope of Drainage Pipe

Slope per

Slope per

Pipe Size

100 ft.

(30.5 m)

Pipe Size

100 ft. (30.5 m)

Inches

mm

Inches

mm

Inches

mm

Inches mm

2

51

25

635

6

152

8 203

3

76

25

635

8

203

4 102

4

102

15

381

10

254

3-1/2 89

5

127

11

279

12

305

3 76

306

MANUFACTURED/MH PARKS AND RV PARKS

Appendix E

(B) A drain connector shall be installed or
maintained with a grade not less than one-
fourth (1/4) inch per foot (20.9 mm/m). A
drain connector shall be gastight and no
longer than necessary to make the
connection between the M/H outlet and the
drain inlet on the lot. A flexible connector
may be used at the lot drainage inlet area
only. Each lot drainage inlet shall be capped
gastight when not in use.

Parte

M/H Park Water Supply

E 13 General Requirements.

An accessible and adequate supply of potable water
shall be provided in each M/H park. Where a public
supply of water of satisfactory quantity, quality, and
pressure is available at or within the boundary of the
park site, connection shall be made thereto and its
supply used exclusively. When a satisfactory public
water supply is not available, a private water supply
system shall be developed and used as approved by
the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

E 14 Lot Service Outlet Size.

Each M/H lot shall be provided with a water service
outlet delivering potable water. The water service
outlet riser shall be not less than three-fourths (3/4)
inch (19.1 mm) nominal pipe size and capable of
delivering twelve (12) water supply fixture units.

E 15 Location of Water Service.

Each lot water service outlet shall be located in the
rear third section and within four (4) feet (1,219 mm)
of the proposed location of the M/H.

E 16 Pressure.

Each M/H park water distribution system shall be so
designed and maintained as to provide a pressure of
not less than tw^enty (20) pounds per square inch
(138 kPa) at each M/H lot at maximum operating
conditions.

E 17 Water Distribution Piping.

Park water distribution systems shall be designed to
deliver a minimum of twelve (12) water supply fixture
units to each lot and installed with materials as set
forth in Chapter 6 and /or Appendix A of this code.

E18 Shutoff Valve.

A separate water shutoff valve shall be installed in
each water service outlet at each M/H lot. Where a
listed backflow protective device is installed, the
service shutoff shall be located on the supply side of
such device.

E19 Backflow Preventer.

Whenever a condition exists in the plumbing of a
M/H that may create a cross-connection, a listed

backflow preventer shall be installed in the water
service line to the M/H at or near the water service
outlet. When a hose bibb or outlet is installed on the
supply outlet riser in addition to the service
connector, a listed backflow preventer shall be
installed on each additional outlet.

E20 Pressure-Relief Valve.

Whenever it is required to install a backflow
preventer at the M/H lot service outlet, a listed
pressure-relief valve shall be installed in the water
service line on the discharge side of the backflow
preventer. Pressure-relief valves shall be set to
release at a pressure not to exceed one hundred fifty
(150) pounds per square inch (1,034 kPa). Pressure-
relief valves shall discharge toward the ground.
Backflow preventers and pressure-relief valves shall
be at least twelve (12) inches (305 mm) above the
ground.

E 21 Mechanical Protection.

All park water service outlets, backflow preventers,
and pressure-relief valves shall be protected from
damage by vehicles or other causes. Such protection
may consist of posts, fencing, or other permanent
barriers.

E22 M/H Water Connector.

An M/H shall be connected to the park water service
outlet by a flexible connector, such as copper tubing
or other approved material not less than three
quarter (3/4) inch nominal (19.1 mm) interior
diameter.

E 23 Water-Conditioning Equipment.

(A) Permit Required. A permit shall be
obtained from the Authority Having
Jurisdiction prior to installing any water-
conditioning equipment on an M/H lot.
Approval of the park operator is required on
all applications for a permit to install such
equipment. If the water-conditioning
equipment is of the regenerating type, and
the park drainage system discharges into a
public sewer, approval of the sanitary
district or agency having jurisdiction over
the public sewer is required.

(B) Approval. Regenerating water-conditioning
equipment shall be listed and labeled by an
approved listing agency.

(C) Installation. Regenerating units shall
discharge the effluent of regeneration into a
trap not less than one and one-half (1-1/2)
inches (38 mm) in diameter connected to the
M/H park drainage system. An approved
air gap shall be installed on the discharge
line a minimum of twelve (12) inches (305
mm) above the ground.

307

Appendix E

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

E 24 Testing.

Installations shall be tested and inspected as
required by Chapter 3 of this code.

PartD

Fuel Supply

E 25 General.

All fuel gas piping systems serving manufactured
homes, accessory buildings, or structures and
communities shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with any applicable provisions of NFPA 54,
National Fuel Gas Code, and NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum
Gas Code. NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-
Burning Equipment, shall apply to oil fuel-burning
systems and shall conform to the criteria of the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 501A: 4.1.1]

E 25.1 Gas Supply Connections.

Gas supply connections at sites, where provided
from an underground gas supply piping system,
shall be located and arranged to permit
attachment to a M/H occupying the site in a
work-like manner. For the installation of
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage systems,
the applicable provisions of NFPA 58, Liquefied
Petroleum Gas Code, shall be followed. [NFPA
501A: 4.1.2.1, 4.1.2.2]

E 25.2 Location of Gas Supply Connection.

The gas supply to the M/H shall be located
within 4 feet (1.22 m) of the M/H stand.

Exception: The above requirements shall not
apply to gas supply connections for
manufactured homes located on all-weather
wood, concrete, or concrete block foundation
systems or on foundations constructed in
accordance with the local Building Code or, in
the absence of a local code, with a recognized
model building code. [NFPA 501A: 4.1.3]

E 26 Single and Multiple Manufactured Home Site
Fuel Supply Systems.

E 26.1 Gas Piping Installations.

E 26.1.1 Gas Supply Connections -
Underground Gas Piping.

Gas supply connections at sites, where
provided from an imderground gas supply
piping system, shall be located and arranged
to permit attachment in a work-like maimer
to a manufactured home occupying the site.
For the installation of LPG storage systems,
the provisions of NFPA 58, Liquefied
Petroleum Gas Code, shall be followed.

E 26.1.2 Underground gas piping system
installations shall comply with any

308

applicable Building Code and Sections E
26.1.2.1 and E 26.1.2.2. [NFPA 501A: 4.2.1]

E 26.1.2.1 Underground gas piping shall
not be installed beneath that portion of an
M/H site reserved for the location of a
manufactured home or M/H accessory
building or structure unless installed in the
open-ended gastight conduit of Section E
26.1.2.2. [NFPA 501A: 4.2.1.1]

E 26.1.2.2 The open-ended gastight conduit
shall conform to the following: [NFPA 501A:
4.2.1.2]

(1) The conduit shall be not less than
Schedule 40 pipe that is approved for
underground installation beneath
buildings. [NFPA 501A: 4.2.1.2(a)]

(2) The interior diameter of the conduit
shall be not less than 0.5 inches (12.7
mm) larger than the outside diameter of
the gas piping. [NFPA 501 A: 4.2.1.2(b)]

(3) The conduit shall extend to a point not
less than 4 inches (102 mm) beyond the
outside wall of the M/H, accessory
building, or structure, and the outer
ends shall not be sealed. [NFPA 501 A:
4.2.1.2(c)]

(4) Where the conduit terminates within a
M/H, accessory building, or structure, it
shall be readily accessible, and the space
between the conduit and the gas piping
shall be sealed to prevent leakage of gas
into the building. [NFPA 501A: 4.2.1.2(d)]

E 27 Manufactured Home Site Gas Shutoff Valve.

Each M/H site shall have a listed gas shutoff valve
installed upstream^ of the M/H site gas outlet. The
gas shutoff valve shall be located on the outlet riser
at a height of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above
grade. A gas shutoff valve shall not be located under
any M/H. The outlet shall be equipped with a cap or
plug to prevent discharge of gas whenever the M/H
site outlet is not connected to an M/H. [NFPA 501A:
4.2.2.2(a-d)]

Exception: All gas shutoff valves for
manufactured homes located on foundations
constructed in accordance with the local Building
Code or, in the absence of a local code, with a
recognized model building code.

E 28 Gas Meters.

E 28.1 Support of Meters. Where installed, gas
meters shall be adequately supported by a post
or bracket placed on a firm footing or other
means providing equivalent support and shall
not depend on the gas outlet riser for support.
[NFPA 501A: 4.2.3.1]

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MANUFACTURED/MH PARKS AND RV PARKS

Appendix E

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E 28.2 Location of Meters. Each gas meter
shall be installed in an accessible location and
shall be provided with unions or other fittings so
that the motor is removed easily and placed in
an upright position. Meters shall not be installed
in unventilated or inaccessible locations or closer
than 3 ft (0.91 m) to sources of ignition. [NFPA
501A: 4.2.3.2]

E 28.3 Meter Shutoff Valve or Cock. All gas

meter installations shall be provided with
shutoff valves or cocks located adjacent to and
on the inlet side of the meters. In the case of a
single meter installation utilizing an LP-Gas
container, the container service valve shall be
permitted to be used in lieu of the shutoff valve
or cock. All gas meter installations shall be
provided with test tees located adjacent to and
on the outlet side of the meters. [NFPA 501A:
4.2.4]

E 29 Multiple Manufactured Home Site Fuel
Distribution and Supply Systems. [ See NFPA
501 A: Section 4.1, 4.3.11, 4.4, and 4.4.5.]

E 30 Manufactured Home Community Natural Gas
Distribution Systems. <

All underground metallic fueL piping systems shall
comply with the cathodic protection requirements of
49 CFR 191 and 192. [NFPA 501A: 4.3.1]

E 31 Manufactured Home Community LPG
Supply Systems.

Where 10 or more customers are served by one LPG
supply system, the installation of the gas supply system
shall be in accordance with 49 CFR 192, Transportation of
Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline: Minimum Federal
Safety Standards. Other liquefied petroleum gas supply
systems and the storage and handling of LPG shall be
in accordance with NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Code. [NFP A 501A-A3.2]

E 32 Installation of Cathodic Protection Systems.

Where required by the federal standard cited in
NFPA 501 A Section 2.3.1, cathodic protection shall
be installed for corrosion control of buried or
submerged metallic gas piping. [See also NFPA
501 A: Section 4.3.6.1 and 4.3.6.2] [NFPA 501 A: 4,3.3]

E 33 Required Gas Supply.

The minimum hourly volume of gas required at each
M/H site outlet or any section of the M/H
community gas piping system shall be calculated as
shown in Table E 3. [NFPA 501A: 4.3.4.1

E 34 Gas Pipe Sizing and Pressure.

E 34.1 The size of each section of a gas piping
system shall be determined in accordance with
NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, or by other
standard engineering methods acceptable to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 501A:
4.3.5.1]

E 34.2 Where all connected appliances are
operated at their rated capacity, the supply
pressure shall be not less than 4 ounces per square
inch [7 in. water column (1,743 Pa)]. The gas
supply pressure shall not exceed 8 ounces per
square inch [14 in. water column (3,486 Pa)].
[NFPA 501A: 4.3.5.2]

E 35 Gas Piping Materials.

E 35.1 Metal. Metal gas pipe shall be standard-
weight wrought iron or steel (galvanized or
black), yellow brass containing not more than 75
percent copper, or internally tinned or treated
copper of iron pipe size. Galvanizing shall not be
considered protection against corrosion.

Seamless copper or steel tubing shall be
permitted to be used with gases not corrosive to
such material. Steel tubing shall comply with
ASTM A 539, Standard Specification for Electric-
Resistance-Welded Coiled Steel Tubirig for Gas and
Fuel Oil Lines, or ASTM A 254, Standard
Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing.
Copper tubing shalL comply with ASTM B 88,
Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tubing
(Type K or Type L), or ASTM B 280, Specification
for Seamless Copper Tubing for Air Conditioning
and Refrigeration Field Service. Copper tubing
(unless tin-lined) shall not be used if the gas
contains more than an average of 0.3 grains of
hydrogen sulfide per 100 standard feef of gas.
[NFPA 501A: 4.3.6.1]

TABLE E-3

Demand Factors for Use in Calculating Gas

Piping Systems in M/H Communities

No. of

Btu/h per

Manufactured

Manufactured

Home

HomeSite

Sites

1

125,000

2

117,00,0

3

104,000

4

96,000

5

92,000

6

87,000 •

7

83,000

8

81,000

9

79,000

10

77,000

11-20

66,000

21-30

62,000

31^0

58,000

41-60

55,000

Over 60

50,000

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Note:

In extreme climate areas, additional capacities shall be
considered.

309

Appendix E

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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E 35.2 Protection Coatings for Metal Gas
Piping. All buried or submerged metallic gas
piping shall be protected from corrosion by
approved coatings or wrapping materials. All gas
pipe protective coatings shall be approved types,
shall be machine applied, and shall conform to
recognized standards. Field wrapping shall
provide equivalent protection and is restricted to
those short sections and fittings that are
necessarily stripped for threading or welding.
Risers shall be coated or wrapped to a point at
least 6 inches (152 mm) above ground. [NFPA
501A: 4.3.6.2]

E 35.3 Plastic. Plastic piping shall be used
underground only and shall meet the require-
ments of ASTM D 2513, Thermoplastic Gas Pressure
Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings, or ASTM D 2517,
Reinforced Epoxy Resin Gas Pressure Pipe and
Fittings, as well as the design pressure and design
limitations of 49 CFR 192.123, and shall otherwise
conform to the installation requirements thereof.
[NFPA 501A: 4.3.6.3]

E 36 Gas Piping Installations.

E 36.1 Minimum Burial Below Ground Level
and Clearances.

AU gas piping installed below ground level shall
have a nunimum earth cover of 18 inches (451 mm)
and shall be installed with at least 12 inches (305
mm) of clearance in any direction from any other
imderground utility system. [NFPA 501A: 4.3.7.1]

E 36.2 Metallic Gas Piping.

E 36.2.1 All metallic gas piping systems
shall be installed in accordance with
approved plans and specifications, including
provisions for cathodic protection. Each
cathodic protection system shall be designed
and installed to conform to the provisions of
49 CFR 192. [NFPA 501A: 4.3.7.2.1, 4.3.7.2.2]

E 36.2.2 Where the cathodic protection
system is designed to protect only the gas
piping system, the gas piping system shall be
electrically isolated from all other under-
ground metallic systems or installations.
Where only the gas piping system is
cathodically protected against corrosion, a
dielectric fitting shall be used in the M/H gas
connection to insulate the M/H from the
underground gas piping system. [NFPA
501A: 4.3.7.2.3, 4.3.7.2.4]

E 36.2.3 Where a cathodic protection system is
designed to provide all underground metallic
systems and installations with protection
against corrosion, all such systems and
installations shall be electrically bonded
together and protected as a whole. [NFPA
501A: 4.3.7.2.5]

E 36.3 Plastic Gas Piping. Plastic gas piping shall
only be used underground and shall be installed
with an electrically conductive wire for locating the
pipe. The wire used to locate the plastic pipe shall
be copper, not smaller in size than No. 18 AWG,
with insulation approved for direct burial. Every
portion of a plastic gas piping system consisting of
metallic pipe shall be cathodically protected against
corrosion. [NFPA 501A: 4.3.7.3]

E 36.4 Gas Piping System Shutoff Valve. A

readily accessible and identifiable shutoff valve
controlling the flow of gas to the entire M/H
community gas piping system shall be installed
near the point of connection to the service piping
or to the supply connection of an LPG container.
[NFPA 501A: 4.3.7.4]

E 37 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Equipment.

LPG equipment shall be installed in accordance
with the applicable provisions of NFPA 58,
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code. [NFPA 501A: 4.3.8]

E 38 Oil Supply.

The following three methods of supplying oil to an
individual M/H site shall be permitted:

(1) Supply from an outside underground tank (see
Section 2.4.6)

(2) Supply from a centralized oil distribution
system designed and installed in accordance
with accepted engineering practices and in
compliance with NFPA 31, Standard for the
Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment

(3) Supply from an outside aboveground tank (see
Section 2.4.6) [NFPA 501 A: 4.3.9]

E 38.1 Minimum Oil Supply Tank Size. Oil

supply tanks shall have a minimum capacity
equal to 20 percent of the average annual oil
consumption. [NFPA 501A: 4.3.10]

E 38.2 Oil Supply Connections - General. Oil

supply connections at M/H stands, where
provided from a centralized oil distribution
system, shall be located and arranged to permit
attachment in a work-like manner to a
manufactured home utilizing the stand. The
installation of such facilities shall meet the
provisions of NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation
of Oil-Burning Equipment, and particularly Section
3.8 thereof. [NFPA 501A: 4.3.11]

E 39 Fuel Supply Systems Installation.

E 39.1 Flexible Gas Connector. Each gas
supply connector shall be listed for outside M/H
use, shall be not more than 6 ft (1.83 m) in
length, and shall have a capacity rating adequate
to supply the connected load. [NFPA 501A: 4.4.1]

Exception: All gas supply connections for
manufactured homes located on an all-

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310

MANUFACTURED/MH PARKS AND RV PARKS

Appendix E

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weather wood, concrete, or concrete block
foundation system or on a foundation
constructed in accordance with the local
Building Code or, in the absence of a local
code, with a recognized model building code.

E 39.2 Use of Approved Pipe and Fittings of
Extension. Where it is necessary to extend the
M/H inlet to permit connection of the 6 foot
(1.83 m) listed connector to the site gas outlet,
the extension shall be of approved materials of
the same size as the M/H inlet and shall be
adequately supported at no more than 4 foot
(1.22 m) intervals to the M/H. [NFPA 501 A: 4.4.2]

E 39.3 Meclianical Protection. All gas outlet
risers, regulators, meters, valves, or other
exposed equipment shall be protected against
accidental damage. [NFPA 501 A: 4.4.3]

E 39.4 Special Rules on Atmospherically
Controlled Regulators. Atmospherically
controlled regulators shall be installed in such a
manner that moisture cannot enter the regulator
vent and accumulate above the diaphragm. Where
the regulator vent is obstructed due to snow and
icing conditions, shields, hoods, or other suitable
devices shall be provided to guard against closing
of the vent opening. [NFPA 501A: 4.4.4]

E 39.5 Fuel Gas Piping Test. The M/H fuel
gas piping system shall be tested only with air
before it is connected to the gas supply. The
M/H gas piping system shall be subjected to a
pressure test with all appliance shutoff valves in
their closed positions. [NFPA 501A: 4.4.5]

E 39.5.1 The fuel gas piping test shall
consist of air pressure at not less than 10-
inch water column or more than 14 inch
water column [6 oz./in.^ to 8 oz./in.^ (2,490
Pa to 3,486 Pa)]. The system shall be isolated
from the air pressure source and shall
maintain this pressure for 10 minutes or
more without perceptible leakage. Upon
satisfactory completion of the test, the
appliance valves shall be opened, and the
gas appliance connectors shall be tested
with soapy water or bubble solution while
under the pressure remaining in the piping
system. Solutions used for testing for
leakage shall not contain corrosive
chemicals. Pressure shall be measured with
either a manometer, slope gauge, or gauge
that is calibrated in either water inch or psi,
with increments of either 1/10 inch (2.5 mm)
or 1/10 psi (0.6 kPa gauge), as applicable.
Upon satisfactory completion of the test, the
M/H gas supply connector shall be
installed, and the connections shall be tested
with soapy water or bubble solution. [NFPA
501A: 4.4.5.1.1-4.4.5.1.6]

WARNING

Do not overpressurize the fuel gas piping system.
Damage to valves, regulators, and appliances can
occur due to pressurization beyond the maximums
specified. [NFPA 501A: 4.4.5.2]

E 39.5.2 Gas appliance vents shall be
visually inspected to ensure that they have
not been dislodged in transit and are
connected securely to the appliance. [NFPA
501A: 4.4.5.3]

E 39.6 Oil Tanks.

No more than one 660 gallon (2,500 L) tank or
two tanks with aggregate capacity of 660 gallon
(2,500 L) or less shall be comiected to one oil-
burning appliance. Two supply tanks, where
used, shall be cross-connected and provided
with a single fill and single vent as described in
NFPA 31/ Standard for the Installation of Oil-
Burning Equipment, and shall be on a common
slab and rigidly secured one to the other. Tanks
having a capacity of 660 gallon (2,500 L) or less
shall be securely supported by rigid,
noncombustible supports to prevent settling,
sliding, or lifting. [NFPA 501A: 4.4.6]

E 39.6.1 Oil supply tanks shall be installed
in accordance with the applicable provisions
of NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of
Oil-Burning Equipment. [NFPA 501A: 4.4.6.1]

E 39.6.2 A tank with a capacity no larger
than 60 gallon (230 L) shall be permitted to
be a DOT-5 shipping container (drum) and
so marked, or a tank meeting the provisions
of UL 80, Steel Inside Tank for Oil Burner Fuel.
Tanks other than DOT-5 shipping containers
having a capacity of not more than 660
gallon (2,500 L) shall meet the provisions of
UL 80. Pressure tanks shall be built in
accordance with Section VIII, Pressure
Vessels, ASME Boiler, and Pressure Vessel
Code. [NFPA 501A: 4.4.6.2.1-4.4.6.2.2]

E 39.6.3 Tanks, as described in Sections 2.4.6
and 2.4.6.2, that are adjacent to buildings
shall be located not less than 10 feet (3.05 m)
from a property line that is permitted to be
built upon. [NFPA 501 A: 4.4.6.3]

E 39.6.4 Tanks with a capacity no larger
than 660 gallon (2,500 L) shall be equipped
with an open vent no smaller than 1.5-inch
(38 mm) iron pipe size; tanks with a 500
gallon (1900 L) or less capacity shall have a
vent of 1.25-inch (32 mm) iron pipe size.
' [NFPA 501A: 4.4.6.4]

E 39.6.5 Tanks shall be provided with a
means of determining the liquid level.
[NFPA 501A: 4.4.6.5]

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311

Appendix E

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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E 39.6.6 The fill opening shall be a size and
in a location that permits ready filling
without spillage. [NFPA 501A: 4.4.6.6]

E 40 Manufactured Home Accessory Building
Fuel Supply Systems.

Fuel gas supply systems installed in a M/H accessory
building or structure shall comply with the applicable
provisions of NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, and
NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code. Fuel oil supply
systems shall comply with the applicable provisions
of NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning
Equipment.[N¥FA 501 A: 4.5]

E 41 Community Building Fuel Supply Systems
in Manufactured Home Communities.

E 41.1 Fuel Gas Piping and Equipment
Installations.

Fuel gas piping and equipment installed within a
permanent building in a M/H community shall
comply with nationally recognized appliance and
fuel gas piping codes and standards adopted by
the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Where the state
or other political subdivision does not assume
jurisdiction, such fuel gas piping and equipment
installations shall be designed and installed in
accordance with the appropriate provisions of
NFPA 54, National Fuel. Gas Code, or NFPA 58,
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code. [NFPA 501A: 4.6.1]

E 41.2 Oil Supply Systems in M/H
Communities.

Oil-burning equipment and installation within a
M/H community shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with the applicable
codes and standards adopted by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction. Where the state or other
political subdivision does not assume jurisdiction,
such installation shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with the applicable
provisions of NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation
of Oil-Burning Equipment. [NFPA 501 A: 4.6.2]
E 41.3 Oil-Burning Equipment and
Installation.

Oil-burrung equipment and installation within a
building constructed in a M/H community in
accordance with the local Building Code or a
nationally recognized building code shall
comply with nationally recognized codes and
standards adopted by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. Where the state or other political
subdivision does not assume jurisdiction, such
oil-burning equipment and installation shall be
designed and installed in accordance with the
appropriate provisions of NFPA 31, Standard for
the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment. [NFPA
501A: 4.6.3]

312

E 41 .4 Inspections and Tests.

Inspections and tests for fuel gas piping shall be
made in accordance with Chapters 1 and 12 of
this Code.

PartE

Recreational Vehicle Parks Definitions and
General Requirements

E 42 Recreational Vehicle (RV).

A vehicular-type unit primarily designed as
temporary living quarters for recreational, camping,
travel, or seasonal use, that either has its own motive
power, or is mounted on or towed by another
vehicle. The basic entities are camping trailer, fifth-
wheel trailer, motor home, park trailer, travel trailer,
and truck camper.

E 43 Recreational Vehicle Park.

A plot of land upon which two (2) or more
recreational vehicle sites are located, established, or
maintained for occupancy by recreational vehicles of
. the general public as temporary living quarters for
recreation or vacation purpose.

E 44 Recreational Vehicle Site.

Within a recreational vehicle park, a plot of ground
intended for the accommodation of a recreational
vehicle, a tent, or other individual camping unit on a
temporary basis.

E45 General.

All plumbing shall be installed in accordance with
the plumbing codes of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction and with this appendix.

PartF

Recreational Vehicle Park Toilet and Shower
Facilities

E 46 Toilets and urinals shall be provided at one (1)
or more locations in every recreational vehicle park.
They shall be convenient of access and shall be
located within a five hundred (500) foot (152.4 m)
radius from any recreational vehicle site not
provided with an individual sewer connection.

E 47 Facilities for males and females shall be
appropriately marked.

E 48 A minimum of one (1) toilet shall be provided
for each sex up to the first twenty-five (25) sites. For
each additional twenty-five (25) sites not provided
with sewer connections, an additional toilet shall be
provided.

E 49 The interior finish of walls shall be moisture
resistant to a height of four (4) feet (1,219 mm) to
facilitate washing and cleaning.

MANUFACTURED/MH PARKS AND RV PARKS

Appendix E

E 50 The floors shall be constructed of material
impervious to water and shall be easily cleanable.
Any building having water-flush toilets shall be
provided with a floor drain in the toilet room. This
drain shall be provided with mieans to protect the
trap seal as required by this code.

E 51 If water-flush toilets are provided, an equal
number of lavatories shall be provided for up to six
(6) toilets. One additional lavatory shall be provided
for each two (2) toilets when more than six (6) toilets
are required. Each lavatory basin shall have a piped
supply of potable water and shall drain into the
drainage system.

E 52 If separate facilities are provided for men and
women, urinals shall be acceptable for no more than
one-third (1/3) of the toilets required in the men's
facilities, except that one (1) urinal may be used to
replace a toilet in a minimum park. Only individual
stall or wall-hung types of urinals shall be installed.
Floor-type trough units shall be prohibited.

E 53 Toilets shall be of an approved, elongated bowl
type and shall be provided with seats with open fronts.

E 54 Each toilet shall be in a separate compartment
and be provided with a door with a latch for privacy
and a holder or dispenser for toilet paper. Dividing
walls or partitions shall be at least five (5) feet (1,524
mm) high and shall be separated from the floor by a
space not greater than twelve (12) inches (305 mm).

E 55 Toilet compartments shall be not less than
thirty (30) inches (762 mm) in width (no toilet shall
be set closer than fifteen (15) inches (381 mm) from
its center to a side wall) and there shall be not less
than thirty (30) inches (762 mn\) of clear space in
front of each toilet.

E 56 Each toilet room for women shall be provided
with a receptacle for sanitary napkins. The receptacle
shall be of durable, impervious, and readily
cleanable material, and shall be provided with a lid.

E 57 Each shower, if provided, shall have a floor
area of thirty-six (36) inches by thirty-six (36) inches
(914 mm x 914 mm) and shall be capable of
encompassing a thirty (30) inch (762 mm) diameter
circle and shall be of the individual type, and each
shower area shall be visually screened from view,
with a minimum floor area of thirty-six (36) by
thirty-six (36) inches (914 mm x 914 mm) per shower.
Each shall be provided with individual dressing
areas screened from view and shall contain a
minimum of one (1) clothing hook and stool (or
equivalent bench area).

E 58 Each shower area shall be designed to
minimize the flow of water into the dressing area
and shall be connected to the drainage system by

means of a properly vented and trapped inlet. Each
such area shall have an impervious, skid-resistant
surface; wooden racks (duck boards) over shower
floors shall be prohibited.

E 59 Every toilet building shall have a minimum
ceiling height of seven (7) feet (2,134 mm) and,
unless artificial light is provided, a window or
skylight area equal to at least ten (10) percent of the
floor area shall be provided.

All doors to the exterior shall open outward,
be self-closing, and shall be visually screened by
means of a vestibule or wall to prevent direct view
of the interior when the exterior doors are open.
Such screening shall not be required on single
toilet units.

E 60 Every toilet room shall have permanent, non-
closable, screened opening(s), having a total area not
less than five (5) percent of the floor area and
opening directly to the exterior in order to provide
proper ventilation. Listed exhaust fan(s), vented to
the exterior, the rating of which in cubic feet per
minute is at least twenty-five (25) percent of the total
volume of the room(s) served, shall be considered as
meeting the requirements of this subsection. All
openable windows and vents to the outside shall be
provided with fly-proof screens of not less than
number sixteen (16) mesh.

PartG

Recreational Vehicle Park Potable Water Supply
and Distribution

E61 Quality.

The supply or supplies of water shall comply with
the appropriate potable water standards of the state
or local health authority or, in the absence thereof,
with the Drinking Water Standard of the Federal
Environniental Protection Agency. (See 42 CFR Part
72, subpart J.)

E62 Sources.

Only water approved by a regulating agency shall be
acceptable. Where an approved public water supply
system is available, it shall be used. Where the park
has its own water supply system, the components of
the system shall be approved. A water supply
system that is used on a seasonal basis shall be
provided with means for draining.

E 63 Prohibited Connections.

The potable water supply shall not be connected to
any nonpotable or unapproved water supply, nor be
subjected to any backflow or back-siphonage.

E64 Supply.

The water supply system shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with the following:

313

Appendix E

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

(A) A minimum of twenty-five (25) gallons (94.6
L) per day per site for sites without
individual water connections.

(B) A minimum of fifty (50) gallons (189.3 L) per
day per site for sites with individual water
connections.

(C) A minimum of fifty (50) gallons (189.3 L) per
day per site if water-flush toilets are
provided in rest rooms.

E 65 Pressure and Volume.

Where water is distributed under pressure to any
individual site, the water supply system shall be
designed to provide a minimum flow pressure of
twenty (20) pounds per square inch (137.8 kPa) with
a minimum flow of two (2) gallons (7.6 L) per minute
at any outlet. The maximum pressure shall not
exceed eighty (80) pounds per square inch (551 kPa).

E66 Outlets.

Water outlets shall be convenient to access and,
when not piped to individual RV sites, shall not be
located farther than three hundred (300) feet (91.4 m)
from any site. Provisions shall be made to prevent
accumulation of standing water or the creation of
muddy conditions at each water outlet.

E67 Storage Tanks.

Water storage tanks shall be constructed of
impervious materials, protected against contami-
nation, and provided with locked, watertight covers.
Any overflow or ventilation openings shall be down-
facing and provided with corrosion-resistant
screening of not less than number twenty-four (24)
mesh to prevent the entrance of insects and vermin.
Water storage tanks shall not have direct connections
to sewers.

E 70 Drinking Fountains.

If provided, drinking fountains shall be in
conformance with the requirements of this code.

Parti

Recreational Vehicle Park Drainage System

E 71 An adequate and approved drainage system
shall be provided in all RV parks for conveying and
disposing of all sewage. Where available, parks shall
be connected to a public sewer system.

E72 Material.

Pipe and fittings installed in the drainage system
shall be of material listed, approved, and installed
per this code.

E 73 The nunimum diameters of drainage laterals,
branches, and mains serving RV sites shall be in
accordance with the following table:

Table E-4

Maximum Number of

Recreational Vehicle

Stands Served

Minimum Pipe Sizes
Inches (ID) Nominal (mm)

o

O

/u

36

4

102

71

5

127

120

6

152

440

8

203

E 74 The sewer lines shall be located to prevent
damage from vehicular traffic.

E 75 Cleanouts shall be provided per Chapter 7 of
this code.

PartH

Recreational Vehicle Park Water Connections

for Individual Recreational Vehicles

E 68 When provided, the water connections for
potable water to individual recreational vehicle sites
shall be located on the left rear half of the site (left side
of RV) within four (4) feet (1,219 rrun) of the stand.

E 69 Each potable water connection shall consist of
a water riser pipe that shall be equipped with a
threaded male spigot located at least twelve (12)
inches (305 mm) but not more than twenty-four (24)
inches (610 mm) above grade level for the
attachment of a standard water hose. The water riser
pipe shall be protected from physical damage per
this code. Tliis connection shall be equipped with a
listed anti-siphon backflow prevention device.

314

Part J

Recreational Vehicle Site Drainage System Inlet

E 76 When provided, the site drainage system inlet
connections for individual RVs shall be located so as to
prevent damage by the parking of RVs or automobiles
and shall consist of a sewer riser extending vertically
to grade. The minimum diameter of the sewer riser
pipe shall be three (3) inches (76 mm), and it shall be
provided with a four (4) inch (102 mm) inlet or a
minimum three (3) inch (76 mm) female fitting.

E 77 When provided, the sewer inlet to individual RV
sites shall be located on the left rear half of the site (left side
of the RV) within four (4) feet (1,219 mm) of the stand.

E 78 The sewer riser pipe shall be firmly imbedded
in the ground and protected against damage from
movement. It shall be provided with a tight-fitting
plug or cap, which shall be secured by a durable
chain (or equivalent) to prevent loss.

MANUFACTURED/MH PARKS AND RV PARKS

Appendix E

PartK

Recreational Vehicle Park Sanitary Disposal
Stations

E 79 One (1) RV sanitary disposal station shall be
provided for each one hundred (100) RV sites, or
part thereof, which are not equipped with individual
drainage system connections.

E 80 Each station shall be level and convenient of
access from the service road and shall provide easy
ingress and egress for recreational vehicles.

E 81 Construction.

Unless other approved means are used, each station
shall have a concrete slab with the drainage system
inlet located so as to be on the road (left) side of the
recreational vehicle. The slab shall be not less than
three (3) feet by three (3) feet (914 mm x 914 mm), at
least three and one-half (3-1/2) inches (89 mm) thick
and properly reinforced. The slab surface is to be
troweled to a smooth finish and sloped from each
side inward to a drainage system inlet.

The drainage system inlet shall consist of a four
(4) inch (102 mm) self-closing, foot-operated hatch of
approved material with the cover milled to fit tight.
The hatch body shall be set in the concrete of the slab
with the lip of the opening flush with its surface to
facilitate the cleansing of the slab with water. The
hatch shall be properly connected to a drainage
system inlet, which shall discharge to an approved
sanitary sewage disposal facility.

E 82 Where the recreational vehicle park is
provided with a piped water supply system, means
for flushing the recreational vehicle holding tank and
the sanitary disposal station slab shall be provided
and shall consist of a piped supply of water under
pressure, terminating in an outlet located and
installed so as to prevent damage by automobiles or
recreational vehicles. The flushing device shall
consist of a properly supported riser terminating at
least two (2) feet (610 mm) above the ground surface,
with a three-fourth (3/4) inch (19.1 mm) valved
outlet adaptable for a flexible hose.

The water supply to the flushing device shall be
protected from backflow by means of a listed
vacuum breaker or backflow prevention device
located downstream from the last shutoff valve.

Adjacent to the flushing arrangement shall be
posted a sign of durable material not less than two
(2) feet by two (2) feet (610 mm x 610 mm) in size.
Inscribed thereon in clearly legible letters shall be the
following:

DANGER - NOT TO BE USED FOR DRINKING OR
DOMESTIC PURPOSES.

PartL

Recreational Vehicle Park Water Supply Stations

E 83 A potable watering station, if provided for
filling recreational vehicle potable water tanks, shall
be located at least fifty (50) feet (15,240 mm) from a
sanitary disposal station. When such is provided,
adjacent to the potable water outlet shall be posted a
sign of durable material not less than two (2) feet by
two (2) feet (610 mm by 610 mm) in size. Inscribed
thereon in clear legible letters on a contrasting
background shall be: POTABLE WATER. NOT TO
BE USED FOR FLUSHING WASTE TANKS. The
potable water shall be protected from backflow by
means of a listed vacuum breaker located
downstream from the last shutoff valve.

PartM

Recreational Vehicle Park Fuel Gas Equipment
and Installations

E 84 All fuel gas equipment and installations shall
comply with Part D of this appendix, except as
otherwise permitted or required b^/^ this code.

315

Appendix E UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

316

APPENDIX F

FIREFIGHTER BREATHING AIR REPLENISHMENT SYSTEMS

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

F 1 Scope.

This chapter covers minimum requirements for
installation of firefighter breathing air replenishment
systems.

F 2 Definitions.

For purposes of this chapter, the following
definitions shall apply:

High-Rise Building. Buildings greater than 75 feet
in height where the building height is measured
from the lowest level of fire department vehicle
access to the floor of the highest occupiable story.
[NFPA 5000: 3.3.58.9]

Interior Cylinder Fill Panels. Lockable interior
panels that provide firefighters the ability to regulate
breathing air pressure and refill SCBA cylinders.

Interior Cylinder Fill Stations and Enclosures. Free-
standing fill containment stations that provide
firefighters the ability to regulate breathing air
pressure and refill SCBA cylinders.

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). An

atmosphere-supplying respirator that supplies a
respirable air atmosphere to the user from a
breathing source that is independent of the ambient
environment and designed to be carried by the user.
[NFPA 1981: 3.3.38]

F 3 System Components.

Firefighter breathing air replenishment systems shall
contain, as a minimum, the following components.

(A) Exterior Fire Department Connection Panel

(B) Interior Fire Department Air FiU Panel or Station

(C) Interconnected Piping Distribution System

(D) Pressure Monitoring Switch

F 4 Required Installations.

A firefighter air system shall be installed in the
following buildings:

F 4.1 High-rise buildings.

F 4,2 Undergroimd structures that are three or more
floors below grade with an area greater than 20,000
square feet.

F 4.3 Large area structures with an area greater than
200,000 square feet and where the travel distance from
the building centerline to the closest exit is greater
than 500 feet, such as warehouses, manufacturing
complexes, malls, or convention centers.

F 4.4 Underground transportation or pedestrian
tunnels exceeding 500 feet in length.

F 5 Exterior Fire Department Connection Panel
and Enclosure.

F 5.1 Purpose. The exterior fire department
connection panel shall provide the fire department's
mobile air operator access to the system and shall be
compatible with the fire department's mobile air
unit.

F 5.2 Number of Panels. Each building or structure
shall have a minimum of two panels.

F 5.3 Location. Each panel shall be attached to the
building or on a remote monument at the exterior of
the building with a minimum of six (6) foot radius
and 180-degree clear unobstructed access to the front
of the panel. The panel shall be weather-resistant or
secured inside of a weather-resistant enclosure. The
panel shall be located on opposite sides of the
building within 50 feet of an approved roadway or
driveway, or other locations approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

F 5.4 Construction. The fire department connection
panel shall be installed in a metal cabinet cor\structed
of minimum 18-gauge carbon steel or equivalent. The
cabinet shall be provided with a coating or other
means to protect the cabinet from corrosion.
F 5.5 Vehicle Protection. Where the panel is located
in an area subject to vehicle traffic, impact protection
shall be provided.

F 5.6 Enclosure Marking. The front of the enclosure
shall be marked "FIREFIGHTER AIR SYSTEM". The
lettering shall be in a color that contrasts with the
enclosure front and in letters that are a nvinimum of 2
inches high with 3/8-inch brush stroke.

F 5.7 Enclosure Components. The exterior fire
department connection panel shall contain all of the
necessary gauges, isolation valves, pressure-relief
valves, pressure-regulating valves, check valves,
tubing, fittings, supports, connectors, adapters, and
other necessary components as may be required to
allow the fire department's mobile air unit to cormect
and augment the system with a constant source of

317

Appendix F

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

breathing air. Each fire department connection panel
shall contain at least two inlet air connections.

F 5.8 Pressure-Relief Valve. Pressure-relief valves
shall be installed downstream of the pressure
regulator inlet. The relief valve shall meet the
requirements of the CGA S-1.3 and shall not be field
adjustable. The relief valve shall have a set-to-open
pressure not exceeding 1.1 times the design pressure
of the system. Pressure-relief valve discharge shall
terminate so that the exhaust air stream cannot
impinge upon personnel in the area. Valves, plugs or
caps shall not be installed in the discharge of a
pressure-relief valve. Where discharge piping is
used, the end shall not be threaded.

F 5.9 Security. The fire department connection panel
enclosure shall be locked by an approved means.

F 6 Interior Cylinder Fill Panels.

F 6.1 Cabinet Requirements. Each cylinder fill panel
shall be installed in a metal cabinet constructed of
minimum 18-gauge carbon steel or equivalent. The
depth of the cabinet shall not create an exit
obstruction when installed in building stairwells.
With the exception of the shutoff valve, pressure
gauges, fill hoses, and ancillary components, no
system components shall be visible and shall be
contained behind a minimum 18-gauge interior panel.

F 6.2 Clearance and Access. The panel shall be
located a minimum of 36 inches but not more than 60
inches above the finished floor or a stairway landing.
Clear unobstructed access shall be provided to each
panel.

F 6.3 Door. The door shall be arranged such that
when the door is open, it does not reduce the
required exit width or create an obstruction in the
path of egress.

F 6.4 Cabinet Marking. The front of each cylinder fill
panel shall be marked "FIREFIGHTER AIR SYSTEM".
The lettering shall be in a color that contrasts with the
cabinet front and in letters that are a minimum of 2-
inches high with 3/8-inch brush stroke.

F 6.5 Cabinet Components. The cabinet shall be of
sufficient size to allow for the installation of the
following components:

F 6.5.1 The cylinder fill panel shall contain all of
the gauges, isolation valves, pressure-relief valves,
pressure-regulating valves, check valves, tubing,
fittings, supports, connectors, hoses, adapters, and
other components to refill SCBA cylinders.

F 6.6 Cylinder Filling Hose. The design of the
cabinet shall provide a means for storing the hose to
prevent kinking. When the hose is coiled, the
brackets shall be installed so that the hose bend
radius is maintained at 4 inches or greater. Fill hose

connectors for connection to SCBA cylinders shall
comply with the requirements of CGA V-1, number
346 or 347. No other SCBA cylinder fill connections
shall be permitted.

F 6.7 Security. Each panel cover shall be maintained
and locked by an approved means.

F 7 Interior Cylinder Fill Stations and Enclosures.

F 7.1 Location. The location of the closet or room for
each air fill station shall be approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction. When approved by
the Authority Having Jurisdiction, the space may be
utilized for other firefighting purposes. The door to
each room enclosing the air filling station enclosure
shall be readily accessible at all times. A minimum
of six (6) foot radius and 180-degree clear imobstruc-
ted access to the front of the air filling station shall
be provided. The enclosure shall have emergency
lighting installed in accordance with NFPA 70.

F 7.2 Security. Each air fill station shall be installed
within a lockable enclosure, closet, or room by an
approved means. Access to fill equipment and
controls shall be restricted to authorized personnel
by key or other means.

F 7.3 Components. The air fill station shall contain
all of the gauges, isolation valves, pressure-relief
valves, pressure-regulating valves, check valves,
tubing, fittings, supports, connectors, hoses, adapters,
and other components to refill SCBA cylinders.

F 7.4 Cylinder Filling Hose. Where hoses are used
the design of the cabinet shall provide a means for
storing the hose to prevent kinking. When the hose
is coiled, the brackets shall be installed so that the
hose bend radius is maintained at 4 inches or greater.
Fill hose connectors for connection to SCBA
cylinders shall comply with the requirements of
CGA V-1, number 346 or 347. For high-pressure
SCBA cylinders (4,500 psi), number 347 connectors
shall be used. For low-pressure SCBA cylinder (3,000
psi and 2,200 psi), number 346 connectors shall be
used. No other SCBA cylinder fill connections shall
be permitted.

F 7.5 Enclosure and Air Filling Station Marking.

Each enclosure, closet, or room shall be marked
FIREFIGHTERS AIR SYSTEM. The lettering shall be
in a color that contrasts with the cabinet front and in
letters that are a minimum of 2 inches high with 3/8-
inch brush stroke.

F 8.0 Materials.

All pressurized components shall be compatible for
use with high-pressure breathing air equipment and
self-contained breathing air apparatus. All

318

FIREFIGHTER BREATHING AIR
REPLENISHMENT SYSTEMS

pressurized breathing air components shall be rated
for a minimum working pressure of 5,000 PSI.

F 8.1 Tubing. Tubing shall be stainless steel
complying with ASTM A269, or other approved
materials that are compatible with breathing air at
the system pressure. Routing of tubing and bends
shall be such as to protect the tubing from
mechanical damage.

F 8.2 Fittings. Fittings shall be constructed of
stainless steel complying with ASTM A479, or other
approved materials that are compatible with
breathing air at the system pressure.

F 8.3 Prohibited Materials. The use of nonmetallic
materials, carbon steel, iron pipe, malleable iron, high-
strength gray iron, or alloy steel shall be prohibited
for breathing air pipe and tubing materials.

F 8.4 Pressure Monitoring Switch. An electric low-
pressure monitoring switch shall be installed in the
piping system to monitor the air pressure. The
pressure switch shall transmit a supervisory signal to
the central alarm monitoring station when the
pressure of the breathing air system is less than 80
percent of the system operating pressure. Activation
of the pressure switch shall also activate an audible
alarm and visual strobe located at the building
annunciator panel. A weather-resistant sign shall be
provided in conjunction with the audible alarm
stating "FIREFIGHTER AIR SYSTEM - LOW AIR
PRESSURE ALARM." Where not part of a building
annunciator panel, the lettering shall be in a
contrasting color, and the letters shall be a minimum
of 2 inches high with 3/8-inch brush stroke.

F 8.5 isolation Valve. A system isolation valve shall
be installed downstream of each air fill station and
shall be located in the panel or within 3 feet of the
station. The isolation valve shall be marked with its
function in letters that are a minimum of 3/16-inches
high with a 1/16-inch brushstroke.

F 9.0 System Requirements.

F 9.1 Protection. All components of the Firefighter
Breathing Air Replenishment System installed in a
building or structure shall be protected by a minimum
two (2) hour fire-resistive construction. All compo-
nents shall be protected from physical damage.

F 9.2 Markings. All components shall be clearly
identified by means of stainless steel or plastic labels
or tags indicating their function. This shall include as
a minimum all fire department connection panels, air
fill stations, air storage system, gauges, valves, air
connections, air outlets, enclosures, and doors.

F 9.3 Tubing Maricings. All tubing shall be clearly
marked "FIREFIGHTERS AIR SYSTEM" and "HIGH
PRESSURE BREATHING AIR" by means of signs or

Appendix F

self-adhesive labels. Signs shall be 1 inch high and
shall be secured to the tubing. Signs shall be made of
brass, stainless steel, or plastic and engraved with
3/8 inch letters with 1/16 inch stroke lettering. Signs
or labels shall be placed at a minimum of 20 foot
intervals and at each fitting, whether the tubing is
concealed or in plain view. All tubing shall have a
sign or label at any accessible point.

F 9.4 Support. Pipe and tubing shall be supported at
the minimum intervals shown in UPC Table 3-2. Pipe
and tubing shall be supported in accordance with
UPC 314.0.

F 10.0 Design Criteria.

F 10.1 Fill Time. The system shall be designed to fill,
at the most remote fill station or panel, a minimum
of two (2) 66 standard cubic foot compressed
breathing air cylinder to a maximum pressure of
4,500 PSIG simultaneously in three (3) minutes or
less. Where greater capacity is required, the
Authority Having Jurisdiction shall specify the
required system capacity.

F 10.2 Fill Panels or Stations Location. Cylinder
fill panels or stations shall be installed in the interior
of buildings as follows:

F 10.2.1 High-Rise Buildings. An interior
cylinder fill panel or station shall be installed
commencing on the third floor and every third
floor thereafter above grade. For underground
floors in buildings with more than five
underground floors, an interior cylinder fill
panel or station shall be installed commencing
on the third floor below grade and every three
floors below grade thereafter, except for the
bottom-most floor.

F 10i2.2 Underground Structures. For

underground floors in buildings with more than
five underground floors, an interior cylinder fill
panel or station shall be installed comn\encing
on the third floor below grade and every three
floors below grade thereafter, except for the
bottom-most floor.

F 10.2.3 Installation Locations. The specific
location or locations on each floor shall be
approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

F 1 1 .0 System Assembly Requirements.

The system shall be an aU-welded system except where
the tubing joints are readily accessible and at the
individual air fill panels or stations. When mechanical
high-pressure tube fittings are used, they shall be
approved for the type of materials to be joined and
rated for the maximum pressure of the system.

319

Appendix F

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

F 11.1 Welding Requirements. Welding procedures
shall meet ASME B31.1, Part 4 and Chapter V. Prior
to and during the welding of sections of tubing, a
continuous, regulated dry nitrogen or argon purge at
three PSIG shall be maintained to eliminate
contamination with products of the oxidation or
welding flux. The purge shall commence a
minimum of 2 minutes prior to welding operations
and continue until the welded joint is at ambient
temperature.

F 11.2 Prevention of Contamination. The system
components shall not be exposed to contaminants,
including but not limited to, oils, solvents, dirt, and
construction materials. When contamination of
system components has occurred, the affected
component shall not be installed in the system.

F 12.0 System Acceptance and Certification.

F 12.1 Static Pressure Testing. Following
fabrication, assembly, and installation of the piping
distribution system, exterior connection panel, and
interior cylinder fill panels, the Authority Having
Jurisdiction shall witness the pneumatic testing of
the complete system at a minimum test pressure of
7,500 PSI using oil-free dry air, nitrogen, or argon. A
minimum twenty four (24) hour pneumatic test shall
be performed. During this test, all fittings, joints, and
system components shall be inspected for leaks. A
solution compatible with the system component
niaterials shall be used on each joint and fitting. Any
defects in the system or leaks detected shall be
documented on an inspection report, repaired or
replaced. As an alternate, a pressure-decay test in
accordance with ASME B31.3 shall be permitted.

F 12.2 Low Pressure Switch Test. Upon successful
completion of the twenty four (24) hour static
pressure test, the system's low-pressure monitoring
switch shall be calibrated to not less than 3,000 PSI
descending, and tested to verify that the signal is
annunciated at the building's main fire alarm panel
and by means of an audible alarm and visual strobe
located in a visible location.

F 12.3 Compatibility Check. Each air fill panel and
station and each exterior fire department connection
panel shall be tested for compatibility with the fire
department's SCBA fill fittings.

F 12.4 Material Certifications. The pipe or tubing
material certifications shall be provided to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

F 12.5 Air Sampling. Before the system is placed
into service, a minimum of two samples shall be
taken from separate air fill panels and submitted to
an independent certified gas analysis laboratory to
verify the system's cleanliness and that the air

complies with the requirements for breathing air in
accordance with NFPA 1989, section 5.3. The written
report of the analysis shall be submitted to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction, documenting that the
breathing air complies with this section.

F 12.5.1 During the period of air quality
analysis, the air fill panel inlet shall be secured
so that no air can be introduced into the system
and each air fill panel shall be provided with a
sign stating "AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS IN
PROGRESS, DO NOT FILL OR USE ANY AIR
FROM THIS SYSTEM." This sign shall be a
minimum of 8-1/2 inches by 11 inches with
minimum of 1 inch lettering.

F 12.6 Annual Air Sampling. The breathing air
within the system shall be sampled and certified
annually and inspected in accordance with the
procedure in section F12.5.

F 12.7 Final Proof Test. The Authority Having
Jurisdiction shall witness filling of two (2) empty
sixty six (66) cubic foot capacity SCBA cylinders in
three (3) minutes or less using compressed air
supplied by fire department equipment connected to
the exterior fire department connection panel. The
SCBA cylinders shall be filled at the air fill panel or
station farthest from the exterior fire departm.ent
coimection panel. Following this, a minimum of two
(2) air samples shall then be taken from separate air
filling stations and submitted to an independent
certified gas analyst laboratory to verify the system's
cleanliness and that the air m.eets the requirements of
NFPA 1989. The written report shall be provided to
the Authority Having Jurisdiction certifying that the
air analysis complies with the above requirements.

320

"The information contained in this appendix is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not
been processed in accordance with ANSI's requirements for an ANS. As such, this appendix may contain mate-
rial that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain require-
ments necessary for conformance to the standard."

APPENDIX I
INSTALLATION STANDARDS

The following lAPMO Installation Standards are included here for the convenience of the users of the Uniform
Plumbing Code. They are not considered as a part of the Uniform Plumbing Code unless formally adopted as
such. These Installation Standards are independent, stand-alone documents published by the International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials and are printed herein by the expressed written permission
of lAPMO.

Contents

Page

IS 1-2003 Non-Metallic Building Sewers 323

IS 2-2003 Tile-Lined Roman Bathtubs 327

IS 3-2003 Copper Plumbing Tube, Pipe, and Fittings 333

IS 4-2003 Tile-Lined Shower Receptors (and Replacements) 341

IS 5-2003 ABS Building Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings 345

IS 6-2003 Hubless Cast Iron Sanitary and Rainwater Systems 351

IS 7-2003 Polyethylene (PE) Cold Water Building Supply 353

IS 8-2003 PVC Cold Water Building Supply and Yard Piping 355

IS 9-2003 PVC Building Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings 363

IS 11-2003 ABS Sewer Pipe and Fittings 369

IS 12-2003 Polyethylene (PE) for Gas Yard Piping 373

IS 13-2003 Protectively Coated Pipe 377

IS 15-2003 Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipe for Water Service and Yard Piping 379

IS 18-2003 Extra Strength Vitrified Clay Pipe in Building Drains 385

I IS 20-2005 CPVC Solvent Cemented Hot and Cold Water Distribution Systems 387

IS 21-2003 Welded Copper and Copper Alloy Water Tube 397

IS 26-2003 Trenchless Polyethylene (PE) Pipe for Sewer Laterals 405

IS 27-2003 Odor Control Systems for Water Closets 407

IS 28-2005 Composite PEX-AL-PEX Hot and PE-AL-PE Cold Water Distribution Systems 411

SIS 1-2003 Flexible PVC Hose 415

SIS 2-2003 Assembled Whirlpool Bathtub AppUances 419

321

322

Installation Standard

For

NON-METALLIC BUILDING SEWERS

lAPMO IS 1-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 Installation and material of nonmetallic
building sewer piping shall comply with
this standard and the current edition of the
Uruform Plumbing Code [UPC]tm published
by the International Association of Plumbing
and Mechanical Officials.

Note: The following sections of the 2003 Uniform
Plumbing Code apply to non-metallic building sewer
piping. The standard may include section numbers or
may omit section numbers which pertain to non-
metallic sewers.

301.1

Minimum Standards

310.0

Workmanship

311.0

Prohibited Fittings and Practices

313.0

Protection of Piping Materials and

Structures

315.0

Trenching, Excavation and Backfill

723.0

Building Sewer Test

103.5.3.3

Exceptions

705.1

Types of Joints

705.2

Use of Joints

316.2.3

Plastic Pipe to Other Materials

316.4

Prohibited Joints and Connections

, 317.0

Increasers and Reducers

Chapter 7

Sanitary Drainage

2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1 After inspection of the sewer pipe, carefully
backfill the trench as prescribed by Sections
314.0 and 315.0 of the Uniform Plumbing
Code.

2.2 The same water test procedure shall apply
to all non-metallic house sewer materials as
required in Section 723.0 of the Uniform
Plumbing Code.

Before laying non-metallic sewer pipe,
prepare the bottom trench so that the piping
shall lay on a firm bed throughout its entire
length as required by Section 718.0 of I the
Uniform Plumbing Code. j

3.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

3.1 ABS OR PVC-DWV PIPE
3.1.1 Minimum Standards

ABS or PVC Schedule 40 DWV pipe for use
in domestic sewage, excluding special waste,
shall be installed in accordance with

lAPMO Standards IS 5 and IS 9 (latest
edition), whichever is applicable. ABS or
PVC Schedule 40 DWV pipe, LAPMO listed,
may be used in sizes 2 inch (51 mm) and
larger. [UPC 301.11

3.1.2 Markings

3.1.2.1 ABS Pipe. ABS pipe markings shall be in
accordance with D 2661 or F 628. [UPC
716.0]

3.1.2.2 ABS Fittings. ABS fittings markings shall
be in accordance with D 2661. [UPC 716.0]

3.1.2.3 PVC Pipe. PVC pipe markings shall be in
accordance with D 2665. [UPC 716.0]

3.1.2.4 PVC Fittings. PVC fittings markings shall
be in accor-dance with F 2135. [UPC 716.0]

3.1 .3 Protection of Building Sewers

ABS or PVC Schedule 40 pipe shall be
installed a minimum of 1 foot (305 mm)
below the surface of the finished grade.
Underground installation of thermoplastic
sewer pipe shall be in accordance with
ASTM D 2321. [UPC 718.0]

3.1.4 Cleanouts

Cleanouts, extended to within 1 foot (305
mm) of grade, shall be of materials listed for
that use. [UPC 719.0]

3.2 PVC SEWER PIPE

3.2.1 Minimum Standards

3.2.1.1 Pipe

PVC, PSM, SDR 35, ASTM D 3034 and PVC,
PS-46, ASTM F 789 Non-Pressure Pipe may
be used in sizes four (4) inches (102 mm)
and larger. [UPC 301.1]

3.2.1.2 Fittings

All fittings shall be PVC or other listed non-
metallic materials having equivalent
durability and equal or greater strengths.
[UPC 301.1]

3.2.2 Types of Joints

PVC sewer pipe shall be joined by using
compression joints or by other methods
recognized in the UPC. Pipe and fitting
ends shall be lubricated with an approved
soap jelly or soap solution to permit easy
assembly. [UPC 705.1]
3.2.2.1 Use of Joints

PVC sewer pipe shall be installed using the
same type of jointing throughout, except
when connecting to existing piping, piping

323

IS1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

of other materials, in line repairs and
manholes. Transition connections to other
materials shall be made by adapter fittings
or a one-piece molded rubber coupling with
appropriate bushings for the respective
material. [UPC 705.1]

3.2.3 Markings

3.2.3.1 PSM PVC pipe markings shall be in
accordance with D 3034. [UPC 716.0]

3.2.3.2 PSM PVC fitting markings shall be in
accordance with D 3034. [UPC 716.0]

3.2.3.3 PS 46 PVC pipe markings shall be in
accordance with F 789. [UPC 716.0]

3.2.3.4 PS 46 PVC fitting markings shall be in
accordance with F 789. [UPC 716.0]

3.2.4 PVC sewer pipe shall not be installed less
than 1 foot (305 mm) below the surface of
the finished grade and closer than twenty-
four (24) inches (610 mm) from a building.
Underground installation of thermoplastic
sewer pipe shall be in accordance with
ASTM D 2321. [UPC 718.0]

3.2.5 Cleanouts

Cleanouts, extended to within 1 foot (305
mm) of grade, shall be of materials listed for
such use. [UPC 719.0]

3.3 HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE PIPE

3.3.1 Minimum Standards

3.3.1.1 Polyethylene pipe shall be manufactured in

accordance with ASTM F 714 and installed

in accordance with lAPMO IS 26. [UPC

301.1]

3.3.2 Types of Joints
3.3.2.1 HDPE joints shall be made using the

following method:

a) Heat Fusion made in accordance with

ASTM D 2657 or D 3261. [UPC 705.1]
3.3.3 Markings
3.3.3.1 Markings shall be in accordance with F 714.

[UPC 716.0]

3.4

3.4.1
3.4.1.1

POLY VINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)
CORRUGATED SEWER PIPE WITH A
SMOOTH INTERIOR AND FITTINGS
Minimum Standards

Pipe. Corrugated PVC sewer pipe may be
used in sizes four (4) (102 mm), six (6) (152
mm), eight (8) (203 mm), and ten (10) (254
mm) diameters and shall conform to ASTM
F 949. [UPC 301.1]

The profile wall pipe corrugated PVC sewer
pipe as intended for underground use in non
pressure applications for sanitary sewers,
storm sewer, and perforated and unper-
forated pipes for subdrainage. [UPC 301.1]

3.4.1.2 Fittings shall be PVC or other fittings having
equivalent durability or equal or greater
strengths in accordance with ASTM F 949.
[UPC 301.1]

3.4.2 Types and Use of Joints. Corrugated PVC
sewer pipe shall be joined by Molded or
Elastomeric Compression Joints or by other
approved methods. Elastomeric seals
(gaskets) shall meet the requirements of
ASTM F 477. The lubricant used for
assembly shall be as recommended by the
seller and shall have no detrimental affect
on the gasket or on the pipe and fittings.
The PVC cement shall comply with ASTM D
2564 and shall be used in conjunction with a
primer in compliance with ASTM F 656.
The solvent cement shall be used only for
bushings in accordance with ASTM D 2855.
[UPC 316.1, 705.1, 705.3]
Markings

Corrugated PVC sewer pipe markings shall
be in accordance with F 949. [UPC 716.0]

3.4.3.2 Corrugated PVC fittings markings shall be
in accordance with F 949. [UPC 716.0]

3.4.4 Protection of Building Sewer. Corrugated
PVC sewer pipe shall not be installed less
than 1 foot (305 mm) below the surface of
the finished grade and closer than twenty-
four (24) inches (610 mm) from a building.
Underground installation of thermoplastic
sewer pipe shall be in accordance with
ASTM D 2321. [UPC 718.3]

3.4.5 Cleanouts. Cleanouts, extended to within 1
foot (305 mm) of grade, shall be of materials
listed for such use. [UPC 719.0]

3.4.3
3.4.3.1

3.5
3.5.1

3.5.2

3.5.3

ASBESTOS CEMENT SEWER PIPE
Minimum Standards

Asbestos cement sewer pipe shall be Type II
only and may be used only in sizes four (4)
inches (102 mm) and larger. Its use is
limited to domestic sewage. [UPC 301.1]
All fittings used with asbestos cement sewer
pipe shall be asbestos cement or other
approved non-metallic materials having
equivalent durability and providing fittings
with equal or greater strengths. [UPC 705.0]
Asbestos cement sewer pipe and male end
fittings shall be joined by means of a sleeve
coupling and two rubber sealing rings
suitable for the particular size of the pipe
and fittings for which they will be used. The
rubber sealing rings shall be positioned in
interior grooves in the coupling.
The assembled joint shall provide the
necessary compression of the rubber sealing
rings to make a watertight joint. The crush

324

NONMETALLIC BUILDING SEWERS

IS1

strength across the assembled joint shall be
equivalent to the crush strength of the pipe
with which it will be used. [UPC 705.1]

3.5.3.1 The use of unmachined field-cut asbestos
cement sewer pipe is permitted for 3.6.2
necessary length adjustments and at points

of connection to other piping materials.
These adaptions shall be made with either a
one-piece molded rubber coupling with
appropriate bushings or listed adapter
fittings. [UPC 705.1]

3.5.3.2 Approved female fittings shall be provided
with interior grooves in the bell ends in
which rubber sealing rings, suitable for the
particular size of pipe with which the
fittings will be used, are placed. The
compressed rubber sealing ring in the joined
female (bell) fitting end shall provide a
watertight joint. [UPC 705.1]

3.5.3.3 Pipe and fitting ends shall be lubricated with

an approved jelly or soap solution to permit 3.6.3
easy assembly. [UPC 705.1]

3.5.3.4 A listed one-piece molded rubber coupling
with appropriate bushings may be used as
an alternate means of connecting asbestos
cement pipe and male end fittings. [UPC 3.6.4
705.1] 3!6'.4.1

3.5.3.5 Transition from asbestos cement sewer pipe

to another material shall be made by listed 3.6.5
adapter fittings, or a one-piece molded
coupling with appropriate bushings for the
respective material. [UPC 705.1]

3.5.4 Markings

3.5.4.1 Asbestos cement sewer pipe markings shall

be in accordance with C 428. [UPC 716.0]

3.5.4.2 Each coupling sleeve of fitting markings
shall be in accordance with C 428. [UPC
716.0]

3.5.5 No asbestos cement sewer pipe shall be
installed less than 1 foot (305 mm) below the
surface of the ground or closer than two (2)
feet (610 mm) to a building. [UPC 718.3]

3.5.6 Cleanouts shall be asbestos cement or other
approved materials of plug or cap type
installed with rubber ring compression
joints. Cleanouts, extended to within 1 foot
(305 mm) of the surface, shall be of materials
approved for such use. [UPC 719.0] 3.7.2

3.6 CONCRETE SEWER PIPE
3.6.1 Minimum Standards
3.6.1.1 Pipe and Fittings

Concrete sewer pipe may be used in sizes 3.7.2.1
four (4) inches (102 mm) and larger. Concrete
sewer pipe shall conform to ASTM C 14,
Class 2. Transition to other types or sizes of

3.6.6

3.7

3.7.1

3.7.1.

pipe may be made with listed concrete pipe
adapter fittings or listed one-piece molded
rubber coupling with appropriate bushings
or increasers. [UPC 301.1]
Types of Joints

Concrete sewer pipe and fittings shall be
joined by means of flexible rubber sealing
rings, compressed to provide water-tight
joints conforming to ASTM C 443, or by listed
one-piece molded rubber couplings, or hot-
poured joints of listed hot-pour compounds.
Portland cement joints are prohibited except
for repairs or connections to existing lines
constructed with such joints,
concrete sewer pipe shall be joined by
gaskets furnished by the pipe manufacturer
and installed according to the manu-
facturer's instructions. Approved lubricant
shall be used when required for the type of
jokit furnished. [UPC 705.1]
Use of Joints

Except for points of cormection to existing
piping at either end of the sewer, concrete
sewer pipe shall be laid using the same type
of jointing throughout. [UPC 705.2]
Marlcings

Concrete sewer pipe and fittings markings
shall be in accordance with C 14. [UPC 716.0]
Grade, Support and Protection of
Building Sewers

Concrete sewer pipe shall be installed not
less than 1 foot (305 mm) below the ground
and not closer than two (2) feet (610 mm) to
a building. [UPC 718.0]
Cleanouts

Cleanouts shall conform to type of jointing
used and cleanouts extended to within 1
foot (305 mm) of grade, shall be of materials
listed for that use. [UPC 719.0]

VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE
Minimum Standards

Materials. Materials shall comply with the
appropriate standard in Table 14-1 of the
UPC. Vitrified clay sewer pipe, extra
strength only, may be used in sizes three (3)
inches (76 mm) and larger. [UPC 301.1]
Types of Joints

Vitrified clay sewer pipe and fittings shall
be joined by means of preformed flexible
compression joints or listed one-piece
molded rubber coupliags. [UPC 705.1]
Except at point of connection to existing
piping at either end of the sewer, vitrified
clay sewer piping shall be laid using the same
type of jointing throughout. [UPC 705.1]

325

IS1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

3.7.2.2 When installing clay pipe with flexible
compression joints, the mating surfaces shall
be wiped clean of dirt and foreign matter.
An approved lubricant shall be applied to
the joint surfaces. Spigot shall then be
seated full depth into the bell. [UPC 705.1]

3.7.2.3 Listed one-piece molded rubber couplings
shall be permitted for use on vitrified clay
pipe and fittings, sizes three (3) inches (76
mm) through 1 foot (305 mm). [UPC 705.1]

3.7.2.4 Transition to other types of materials or sizes
may be made with the use of listed one-piece
molded, rubber couplings with appropriate
bushings or increasers. [UPC 705.1]
Markings

Vitrified clay sewer pipe and fittings
markings shall be in accordance with C 700.
[UPC 716.0]

No vitrified clay sewer pipe shall be
installed less than 1 foot (305 mm) below
the surface of the ground. [UPC 718.3]
Cleanouts

Cleanouts shall conform to the type of
jointing used and cleanouts extended to
within 1 foot (305 mm) of grade shall be of
materials approved for their use. [UPC 719.0]

3.7.3
3.7.3.1

3.7.4

3.7.5

ADOPTED: 1957

REVISED: 1966, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1982,
1985, 1990, 1991, 2002, 2003

326

Installation Standard

For

TILE-LINED ROMAN BATH TUBS

lAPMO IS 2-2003

(9) Wire Reinforcing
(See back page 2e)

Ceramic Tile Floor Set in
Portland Cement Mortar

Sub-Floor & Building Felt

2x6 Floor Furring

Finish Floor

2x4 Studs

Top of lining must be at
least 3" above spill-over
point of the finished rim.

(7) Reinforcement

Min. 1/4" -Max. 1/2"
per foot slope to an
approved flanged drain
(See exception, note 2)

Lining shall be pitched
1/4" per foot to weep
holes in drain

Wire Reinforcing
(See back page 2e)

SCALE 1-1/2" = l'-0"

A vapor barrier consisting of at least one layer
of 15 lb. type asphalt saturated felt shall be
between wood surfaces and concrete.

(9) Wire Reinforcing
(See back page 2e)

Finish Floot

(2) Waterproof
Membrane
Lining

(7) Reinforcement

(8) Concrete Shell f-^

Lining shall be
pitched not less
than 1/4" per foot
to weep holes in
drain.

(10) Wall Finish ,

Top of lining must be at least 3" above —
spiU-over point of the finished rim **

Wood Sill and
Anchor Bolt per
UBC

[— Bmlding foundation

Wire Reinforcing
(See back page 2e)

I

Approved Flange Drain

The receptor must rest continuously on soil
approved for building footings or be
supported by adequate structural members.

I Special approval arid >

I reinforcing required if ,

I fixture supports !

I cfni<-hi|-p Jl

SCALE 1-1/2" = r-0"

Illustrations reprinted with permission of the Ceramic Tile Institute

327

IS 2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

METRIC

(9) Wire Reinforcing
(See back page 2e)

Ceramic TUe Floor Set in
Portland Cement Mortar

Wood Floor Joists - Deflection of floor system
limited to 1/360 of the span, including live and
dead loads, for both point and uniform loading.

0.6 X 1.2 m Studs

Top of liniiig must be at
least 76 mm above spill-
over point of the
finished rim.

(7) Reinforcement

Min. 20.8 mm/m - Max.

41.7 mm/m slope to an
approved flanged drain
(See exception, note 2)

Lining shall be pitched

20.8 mm/m to weep
holes in drain

" Wire Reinforcing
(See back page 2e)

SCALE 1.5 mm = 1 mm

A vapor barrier consisting of at least one layer
of 6.8 kg type asphalt saturated felt shall be
between wood surfaces and concrete.

(9) Wire Reinforcing
(See back page 2e)

Finish Floor.

(2) Waterproof
Membrane
Lining

(7) Reinforcement

(8) Concrete Shell j-^

Lining shall be
pitched not less
than 20.8 mm/m
to weep holes in
drain.

(10) Wall Finish .

Top of lirung must be at least 76 mm -
above spill-over point of the finished
rim

Min. 20.8 mm/m - Max.
41.7 mm/m slope to 50.8
mm/m approved flanged
drain (See exception. Note 2)'

Wood SiU and
Anchor Bolt per
UBC

|— Building foundation

" Wire Reinforcing
(See back page 2e)

Approved Flange Drain

The receptor must rest continuously on soil
approved for building footings or be
supported by adequate structural members.

1

Special approval and •
reinforcing required if .
fixture supports !

I <;tpi^hirp ^_ J

SCALE 1.5 mm = 1 mm

Illustrations reprinted with permission of the Ceramic Tile Ii\stitute

328

TILE-LINED ROMAN BATH TUBS

IS 2

1.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2.11

1 .1 Inspection of Work - All surfaces prepared
by others shall be inspected by the tile
installer before starting tile work and all
unsatisfactory conditions reported to the
Administrative Authority. Starting tile work 2.1 1 .1
by the tile installer shall be considered as
acceptance of surfaces prepared by others.

1 .2 Surfaces - All surfaces to receive tile work
shall be clean, structurally sound, and
conform in every way to the local Building
Code.

(Note: No tile work shall proceed until the
pan and drain construction has been
inspected and approved by the
Administrative Authority, where required.)

2.2

2.3

2.4
2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

3.0
3.1

2.0 MATERIALS

2.1 Tile Quality and Grade - Tile shall comply
with American National Standard
Specification for Ceramic Tile, A137.1
(equivalent to and incorporating U.S. Dept.
of Commerce Simplified Practice
Recommendation, R61-61 and Federal
Specification SS-T-308b, Tile, Floor, Wall,
and Trim Units, Ceramic).
Cement -■ Cement shall be portland cement
type I or type II, conforming to ASTM C 150.
Sand - Sand shall be damp, clean and
graded ASTM C 778.
Water - Water shall be potable.
Reinforcing shall be 3 inch x 3 inch (76 mm
X 76 mm), 13 x 13 gage or 1-1/2 x 2 (38 mm 3.2
X 51 mm) mesh, 16 x 13 gage steel wire,
conforming to ASTM A82 and A185.
Asphalt shall conform to Federal
Specification SS-A-0666, Type Z, Grade 2,
Class A.

Plastic Roof Cement shall conform to
Federal Specification SS-C153.
Waterproof Felt Membrane - The
waterproof felt membrane shall be at least

15 lb. (6.8 kg) asphalt saturated felt,
conforming to Type 1, Federal Specification
HH-F-191 (a).

2.9 Plastic Membrane shall comply with
applicable standards listed in Table 14-1 of
the UPC.

2.10 Other Membranes - Where the
Administrative Authority approves their
use, non-metallic sub-pans or linings of lead
sheets weighing not less than 4 lbs. per sq.
foot (191.5 Pa) and copper pans of at least
No. 24 B & S gage may be used.

Waterproofing Admixture - The mortar

bed of the receptor shall be mixed with a

waterproof admixture, approved by the

Administrative Authority in the amounts

allowed by such approval.

Currently Approved Mortar Additives

Anti-Hydro - 1 qt. (0.95 I) per sack of

cement.

Plastiment - 1 lb. (0.5 kg) of powder per

sack of cement.

Plastiment - 2 oz. (56.7 g) of fluid per sack of

cement.

Sika 3A - 1 qt. (0.95 1) per sack of cement

Suconem (Red Label) - 1 pint (0.47 I) per

sack of cement.

INSTALLATION

Drains - An approved type drain with sub-
drain shall be installed with every such
shower membrane. Flange of each sub-
drain shall be accurately set exactly level
with sloping sub-floor and shall be
equipped with a clamping ring or other
approved device to make a tight connection
between the membrane and the sub-drain.
The sub-drain shall have weep holes into the
waste line. The drain shall be of such design
that there will be not less than 2 inch (51
mm) depth from the top of the sub-drain
flange to top of the strainer. A ring of
absorbent material must be placed around
the weep holes to keep them open when the
finish materials are installed.
Sloping Sub-Floor and Membrane - All
lining materials shall be pitched not less
than one quarter (1/4) inch per foot (20.8
ihm/m) to weep holes in the sub-drain by
means of a smooth and solidly formed
sloping sub-base. All such lining materials
shall extend upward on the side walls of the
tub to a point not less than four (4) inches
(102 mm) above the top of the finished dam
or threshold and shall extend outward over
the top of the rough threshold and be turned
over and fastened on the outside face of the
rough threshold. All ledge tops within four
(4) inches (102 mm) above the rough
threshold shall be covered with the lining
material. Non-metallic sub-pans or linings
shall be built-up on the job site and shall
consist of not less than three (3) layers of
standard grade fifteen (15) pound (6.8 kg)
asphalt impregnated roofing felt. The
bottom layer shall be mopped to the formed
sub-base with hot asphalt and each

329

IS 2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

succeeding layer thoroughly hot-mopped to
that below, on the basis of twenty (20)
pounds (9.1 kg) of asphalt per layer per
square. All corners shall be carefully fitted
and shall be made strong and watertight by
folding or lapping, and each comer shall be
reinforced with suitable woven glass fiber
webbing hot-mopped in place. All folds,
laps, and reinforcing webbing shall extend
at least four (4) inches (102 mm) in all
directions from the comer and all glass fiber
webbing shall be of approved type and
mesh, producing a tear strength of not less
than fifty (50) pounds per square inch (344.5
kPa) in either direction. Non-metallic
shower sub-pans or linings niay also consist
of multi-layers of other approved equivalent
materials suitably reinforced with glass
fibers and having each layer carefully fitted
and hot mopped in place on the job site as
elsewhere required in this section, according
to manufacturer's recormnended installation
procedures.

Linings shall not be nailed or perforated at
any point which will be less than one (1)
inch (25.4 mm) above the finished dani or
threshold.

Where flexible plastic sheet membranes are
used, comers shall be carefully constructed by
folding or bonding of pre-fabricated
reinforcing corner. Joints in flexible plastic
sheeting shall be constructed with the
appropriate solvent bonding liquid, bodied
solvent cement, or thermal welding.
Where lead and copper pans are used as
membranes, the installation shall be made in
similar manner as required for felt
membranes, except the asphalt moppings,
and, in addition, the pans shall be insulated

from all concrete and mortar surfaces and
from all conducting substances, other than
their connecting drain, by 15 lb. (6.8 kg)
asphalt saturated felt or an approved
equivalent, hot-mopped to the lead or
copper pans. Joints in lead and copper pans
shall not be soldered, but shall be burned or
silver brazed, respectively.

3.3 Tests - Upon installation, all concrete tub
shells shall be tested for water tightness by
being filled to the top of the rough threshold
with water for 24-hours to establish their
water tightness.

3.4 Roman Bath Tub - Floor shall be of ceramic
tile set in portland cement mortar, mixed in
the proportion of one (1) part portland
cement to four (4) parts of mortar sand by
volume and shall be provided with an
approved shower drain designed to make a
water-tight joint at the floor. The mortar
mixture shall be of such consistency that a
troweled surface readily assumes a smooth,
slickened surface. All concrete mortar bases
shall be mixed with an approved
waterproofing admixture and properly
reinforced with 3 inch x 3 inch (76 mm x 76
mm) mesh, 13 x 13 gage or 1-1/2 inch x 2
inch (38 mm x 51 mm) mesh, 16 x 13 gage
cold drawn welded steel wire fabric located
in the approximate center of the mortar bed
and extending up the side walls but, in no
case, less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) above the
finished threshold. Corners shall be lapped
and the reinforcing shall extend over the
threshold and ledges.

The total thickness of the floor mortar shall
not be less than 1-1/4 inch (32 mm) at any
point. The tile floor shall have a minimum
of 1/8 inch (3.2 mm/m) pitch and a

Ceramic Tile

Bond Coat

Mortar Bed

Scratch Coat

Metal Lath

Waterproof Membrane

Exterior Grade Plyw^ood

WOOD FORM

330

TILE-LINED ROMAN BATH TUBS

IS 2

3.4.1

3.4.2

3.4.3

3.4.4

3.4.5

3.4.6

3.4.7

3.4.8

3.4.9

maximum of 1/2 inch (12.7 mm/m) pitch
toward the drain per foot. Bath tub walls to
a minimum height to 3 inch (76 mm) and
not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) above the
finished dam shall be lined with ceramic tile
set in Portland cement mortar, mixed with
an approved waterproofing admixture.
All wood framed bases shall be designed
with a maximum deflection of 1/240 of the
span, Including live and dead loads.
Note: Two stages of construction are
covered - the reinforced concrete shell and
the w^ire reinforced tile lining over the
water-proof membrane.
Approved waterproofing membrane, mortar
bed and finish construction shall conform to
the general requirements of the Uniform
Plumbing Code. Exception: In short
sections where there is no foot traffic, the
finished floor may exceed 1/2 inch per foot
(12.7 mm/m) slope.

Each concrete shell shall be filled to its
overflow^ rim w^ith water and shall remain
watertight for not less than twenty-four (24)
hours before inspection and before the finish
surface is installed.

The finish surface shall be ceramic tile
installed with portland cement mortar
mixed to a proper consistency in the
proportion of one (1) part cement and four
(4) parts mortar sand by volume and having
an approved waterproofing admixture*
included. Ceramic tile joints shall be
thoroughly grouted with approved water-
proofing grout containing an admixture.
The concave interior surfaces shaU be such as
to permit ready cleansing and all comers shall
be rounded or at angles not in excess of 45°.
Grout is not acceptable for rounding comers.
See details below^ on approved comers.
Concealed overflow or built-in waste
stopper may be used if designed and
approved for this application.
For reinforcement in center of pour, use #30
@ 8 inch (203 mm) O.C. both ways.
2000 P.S.I. (13,780 kPa) compressive strength
concrete shall be poured monolithically and
shall have an approved waterproofing
admixture included*. Concrete to have not
less than six (6) sacks of portland cement per
batch.

Reinforcing wire, as specified under
materials in this standard or equal, shall be
wired together in a self-supporting manner.
Nails shall not be used through the
waterproofing membrane to fasten wire
reinforcing.

^Quantities of several approved

waterproofing admixtures required per sack

of cement:

Anti-Hydro - 1 qt. (0.95 1) per sack of

cement.

Plastiment - 1 lb. (0.5 kg) of powder per

sack of cement.

Plastiment - 2 oz. (56.7 g) of fluid per sack of

cement.

Sika 3A - 1 qt. (0.95 1) per sack of cement.

Suconem (Red Label) - 1 pint (0.47 1) per

sack of cement.

ADOPTED: 1966

REVISED: 1 977, 1 982, 1 990, 2003

Ar

Approved Comers Under
L' II i form Plumbing Code

vni

331

IS 2 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

332

Installation Standard

For

COPPER PLUMBING TUBE, PIPE, AND FITTINGS

lAPMO IS 3-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 Installation and material of copper tube,
pipe and fittirigs in drainage, vent, and
water systems shall comply with this
standard and the current edition of the
Uniform Plumbing Code [UPCpM,
published by the International Association
of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
(lAPMO).

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code shall apply.

103.5.3 Testing of systems
301.1 Minimum standards
310.0 Workmanship

311.0 Prohibited fittings and practices
313.0 Protection of piping materials and
structures

314.0 Hangers and supports

316.1 Types of joints

316.2 Special joints

316.4 Prohibited joints and connections

317.0 Increasers and reducers

604.0 Materials

604.1 Water piping

604.2 Water piping

604.3 Marking of tubing

604.4 Flexible water connectors
604.7 Restriction of used piping
606.1.1 Flared joints

606.2.1 Use of joints, copper water tube

608.0 Relief valve drain

609.0 Installation, inspection, testing

610.0 Size of potable piping

701.1.4 Drainage and vent piping
704.4.1 Closet Flanges

705.3.3 Ground joint, flared or ferrule
connections

707.1 Cleanouts

701.0 Materials, drainage piping

811.1 Chemical or industrial waste piping
903.0 Materials, vent piping

903.2 Use of copper tubing
1101.3 Materials, rain water piping
1105.1 Materials, roof drains

Table 14-1 Standards:

ASME B 16.18 Cast Copper Alloy Solder-Joint

Pressure Fittings
ASME B 16.22 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy

Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings
ASME B 16.23 Cast Bronze Solder-Joint Drainage

Fittings - DWV
ASME B 16.29 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy

Solder-Joint Drainage Fittings
ASME B 16.50 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy

Braze-Joint Pressure Fittings
ASTM B 32 Specification for Solder Metal

ASTM B 42 Specification for Seamless Copper

Pipe, Standard Sizes
ASTM B 75 Specification for Seamless Copper

Tubes
ASTM B 88 Specification for Seamless Copper

Water Tube
ASTM B 302 Specification for Threadless Copper

Pipe, Standard Sizes
ASTM B 306 Specification for Copper Drainage

Tube (DWV)
ASTM B 813 Liquid and Paste Fluxes for

Soldering Applications of Copper

and Copper AUoy Tube
ASTM B 828 Standard Practice for Making

Capillary Joints by Soldering of

Copper and Copper Alloy Tube

and Fittings

Appendix A Chart A-4 Friction loss per 100 ft.
(30.5 m)

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards

2.1 .1 Materials. Materials shall comply with the
appropriate standard in Table 14-1 of the
UPC. [UPC 301.1]

Note: The nominal or standard size of
copper plumbing tube is always 0. 125 inch
(3.175 mm) or one-eighth (1/8) inch (3.175
mm) smaller than the actual outside
diameter dimension of the tube. For
example, 3 inch (76 mm) nominal size
copper plumbing tube measures 3-1/8 inch
(79 mm) O.D., 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) nominal
size copper plumbing tube measures 5/8
inch (15.9 mm) O.D., etc.

333

IS 3
2.1.2

2,1.3

2.1.4

2.1.5

2.2
2.2.1

Markings. Markings shall be visible for
inspection. Products that are covered by this
standard shall be identified in accordance
with the standard found in Table 14-1.
Tube and Threadless Pipe.
Water tube (Types K, L, M), drainage tube
(Type DWV), and threadless pipe (TP), shall
bear the following incised marking at not
over 18 inch (457 mm) intervals:

(a) Manufacturer's name or trademark;
and,

(b) Tube type

Pipe (Copper and Copper Alloy)

Pipe shall bear the following incised marking

at not over 18 inch (457 mm) intervals:

(a) Manufacturer's name or trademark;
and,

(b) Pipe type.
Fittings

Fittings shall bear the following markings:

(a) Manufacturer's name or trademark, and

(b) "DWV" on drainage fittings.

Type of Joints
General Information

Copper tube and fittings may be joined in a
number of ways, depending on the purpose
of the system. Soldering and brazing with
capillary fittings are the methods used most.
The American Welding Society (AWS)
defines soldering as a joining process which
takes place below 840°F (449°C) and brazing
as a similar process which occurs above 840°F
(449°C) but below the melting point of the
base metals. In actual practice for copper
systems, most soldering is done at
temperatures from about 350°F (177°C) to
550°F (288°C), while most brazing is done at
temperatures ranging from 1100°F (593°C) to
1500°F (816°C). The choice between soldering
or brazing will generally depend on
operating conditions. Solder joints are
generally used where the service temperature
does not exceed 250°F (121°C), while brazed
joints are used where greater tensile strength
is required to resist vibration, or pressure or
temperature cycling, or where system
temperatures are as high as 350°F (177°C).
Although brazed joints offer higher joint
strength in general, the annealing of the tube
and fitting which results from the higher heat
used in the brazing process can cause the
rated pressure of the system to be less than
that of a soldered joint. This fact should also
be considered in choosing which joining
process to use.

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Mechanical joints are used frequently for
some underground connections, for joints
where the use of heat is impractical and for
joints that may have to be disconnected
from time to time. [UPC 316.1]
2.2.2 Fittings for Soldered, Brazed, and
Mechanical Joints

Cast fittings are available in all standard tube
sizes and in a wide variety of types to cover
needs for plumbing. They can be either
soldered or brazed, although brazing cast
fittings requires care. Wrought copper
pressure fittings are also available over a
wide range of sizes and types. These, too,
can be joined by either soldering or brazing
and wrought fittings are preferred where
brazing is the joining method. Otherwise, the
choice between cast and wrought fittings is
largely a matter of the user's preference and
availability. According to the American
Welding Society, the strength of a brazed
joint wiU meet or exceed that of the tube and
fitting being joined when the joint overlap
and tiie depth of the filler metal penetration
is a minimum of three times the thickness of
the thinner base metals (tube or fitting) and a
well-developed fillet (cap) is present. The
strength of a brazed copper tube joint does
not vary much with different filler metals but
depends on maintaining the proper clearance
between the outside of the tube and the
socket (cup) of the fitting. Copper tube and
solder-type pressure fittings are accurately
made for each other, and the tolerances
permitted for each assure the capillary space
will be within the limits necessary for a joint
of satisfactory strength. However, the depths
of the socket are considerable deeper than the
three times required by AWS. There are
standards available for the manufacture of
fittings made specifically for brazing, these
include ASME B 16.50 and MSS SP 73. When
fittings are made to these standards, they
cannot be soldered. They must be brazed.

2.2.2.1 Mechanical Joints

Flared-tube fittings provide metal-to-metal
contact similar to ground joint unions; both
can be easily taken apart and reassembled.
Grooved end mechanical fittings are also
available in sizes 2-inches to 6-inches.
Mechanical joint fittings are especially useful
where residual water cannot be removed
from the tube and soldering is difficult.
Mechanical joints may be required where a
fire hazard exists and the use of a torch to
make soldered or brazed joints is not

334

COPPER PLUMBING TUBE, PIPE AND FITTINGS

IS 3

allowed. Also, soldering under wet
conditions can be very difficult and
mechanical joints may be preferred under
such circumstances.
2.2.3 Solders

Most solders referenced in ASTM B 32 can
be used to join copper tube and fittings in
potable water systems.
Note: Users of the Uniform Plumbing Code
are reminded that provisions of the Federal
Safe Drinking Water Act of 1986 (SDWA),
which all must obey, forbid the use of solder
which contains in excess of 0.2% of lead, in
potable water systems. The provisions of the
act are incorporated in all ordinances,
statutes, state and municipal regulations by
reference and by operation of law.
The selection of a solder depends on the
operating pressure and temperature of the
system. Consideration should also be given
to the stresses on the joint caused by thermal
expansion and contraction. However,
stresses due to temperature changes should
not be significant in two commonly
encountered cases: when tube lengths are
short, or when expansion loops are used in
long tube runs.

Solder is generally used in wire form, but
paste-type solders are also available. These
are finely granulated solders in suspension
in a paste flux. These solder /flux pastes
must meet the requirements of ASTM B 813.
When using paste-type solders, observe
these four rules:

1. Wire solder must be applied in addition
to the paste to fill the voids and assist in
displacing the flux, otherwise the
surfaces may be well "tinned" and yet
there may not be a good joint with a
continuous bond. Use the same type of
solder (e.g., 50-50 or 95-5) as that used
in the paste.

2. The paste mixture must be thoroughly
stirred if it has been standing in the can
for more than a very short time, as the
solder has a tendency to settle rapidly to
the bottom.

3. The flux cannot be depended on to
clean the tube. Cleaning should be
done manually as is recommended for
any other flux and solder.

4. Remove any excess flux. Solders are
available that contain small amounts of
silver or other additives to impart special
properties. Such solders may require
special fluxes. The manufacturer's
recommendations should be consulted

regarding proper procedures and fluxes
for such solders and about the expected
properties.
2.2.4 Soldering Flux

The functions of the soldering flux are to
remove residual traces of oxides, to promote
wetting and to protect the surfaces to be
soldered from oxidation during heating. The
flux should be applied to clean surfaces and
only enough should be used to lightly coat the
areas to be joined.

An oxide filn\ may reform quickly on
copper after it has been cleaned. Therefore,
the flux should be applied as soon as
possible after cleaning.

CAUTION

Careless workmanship, especially during
flux applications, can result in corrosion of
the tube long after the system has been
installed. If excessive flux is used, the
residue inside the tube can cause corrosion.
In an extreme case, such residual flux can
actually lead to perforation through the tube
wall causing leakage. To guard against this
danger, it is important (1) to choose a flux
that is manufachired to ASTM B 813, and (2)
to use only the minimum amount actually
needed to make the joint.

2.3 Solder Joints

2.3.1 Soldering and brazing both involve basic
steps, based on ASTM Standard Practice B
828, which must be executed with care and
craftsmanship. The steps are:

(1) Measuring

(2) Cutting

(3) Reaming

(4) Cleaning

(5) Fluxing

(6) Assembly and support

(7) Heating

(8) Applying the filler metal

(9) Cooling and cleaning

Each step contributes to a strong,
dependable joint.

2.3.2 Measuring

Measuring the length of each tube segment
must be accurate. Inaccuracy can
compromise joint quality. If the tube is too
short it will not reach all the way into the
socket of the fitting and a proper joint
caimot be made. If the tube segment is too
long there is a danger of cocking the tube in
the fitting and putting strain pn the system
which could affect service life.

335

IS 3
2.3.3

2.3.4

2.3.5

Cutting

Once the tube is measured, it can be cut.
Cutting can be accomplished in a number of
different ways to produce a satisfactory
square end. The tube can be cut with a disc-
type tube cutter, a hacksaw, an abrasive
wheel, or with a stationary or portable
handsaw. Care must be taken that the tube is
not deformed while being cut. Regardless of
the method, the cut must be square with the
run of the tube so that the tube will seat
properly in the fitting socket.
Reaming

All pipe and tube shall be reamed to the full
ID. of the pipe and tube to remove the small
burr created by the cutting operation. If this
rough, inside edge is not removed erosion-
corrosion may occur due to localized
turbulence and high velocity.
Tools used to ream tube ends include the
reaming blade on the tube cutter, half-round
or round files, a pocket knife, or a suitable
deburring tool. With annealed tube, care
must be taken not to deform the tube end by
applying too much pressure. Both the inside
and the outside of the tube may require
removal of the burr, especially in large
diameters.
Cleaning

The removal of all oxides and surfaces soil is
crucial if filler metal is to flow properly into
the joint. Failure to remove them can
interfere with capillary action and may
lessen the strength of the joint and cause
failure.

Mechanical cleaning is a simple operation.
The end of the tube should be lightly
abraded using sand cloth or nylon abrasive
pads for a distance only slightly more than
the depth of the fitting socket. The socket of
the fitting should also be cleaned using sand
cloth, abrasive pads, or a properly sized
fitting brush.

Copper is a relatively soft metal. If too much
material is removed, a loose fit will result
and interfere with satisfactory capillary
action in making the joint. The capillary
space between tube and fitting is
approximately 0.004 inch (0.10 mm). Solder
or brazing filler metal can fill this gap by
capillary action. This spacing is critical for
the filler metal to flow into the gap and form
a strong joint.

Surfaces once cleaned should not be touched
with bare hands or oily gloves. Skin oils.

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

lubricating oils, and grease impair filler
metal flow and wetting.

2.3.6 Fluxing

Stir the flux before use. Flux will dissolve
and remove traces of oxide from the cleaned
surfaces to be joined, protect the cleaned
surfaces from reoxidation during heating
and promote wetting of the surfaces by the
solder. A thin, even coating of flux should
be applied with a brush to both tube and
fitting as soon as possible after cleaning. Do
not apply with fingers. Chemicals in the
flux can be harmful if carried to the eyes,
mouth, or open cuts.

2.3.7 Assembly and Support

After both tube and fitting surfaces are
properly fluxed, they should be assembled,
niaking sure the tube seats against the base
of the fitting socket. A slight twisting
motion ensures even distribution by the flux.
Remove any excess flux. Care must be taken
to assure that the tube and fittings are
properly supported to ensure a uniform
capillary space around the entire
circumference of the joint. Uniformity of
capillary space will ensure good filler metal
penetration if the guidelines of successful
joint making are followed. Excessive joint
clearance can cause the filler metal to crack
under stress or vibration.
The joint is now ready for soldering. Joints
prepared and ready for soldering should be
completed the same day and not left
unfinished overnight.

2.3.8 Heating

WARNING: When dealing with an open
flame, high temperatures, and flammable
gases, safety precautions must be observed
as described in the ANSI /ASC Z49.1
Standard.

Heat is generally applied using an air /fuel
torch. Such torches use acetylene or an LP
gas. Electric resistance tools can also be used.
Begin heating with the flame perpendicular
to the tube on the bottom. The copper tube
conducts the initial heat into the fitting
socket for even distribution of heat in the
joint area. The extent of this preheating
depends upon the size of the joint.
Experience will indicate the amount of time
needed. Preheating of the assembly should
include the entire circumference of the tube
in order to bring the entire assembly up to a
suitable preheat condition. However, for
joints in the horizontal position, avoid

336

COPPER PLUMBING TUBE, PIPE AND FITTINGS

IS 3

directly preheating the top of the joint to
avoid burning the soldering flux. The
natural tendency of heat to rise will ensure
adequate preheat of the top of the assembly.
Next, move the flame onto the fitting socket.
Sweep the flame alternately from the fitting
socket back onto the tube a distance equal to
the depth of the fitting socket. Touch the
solder to the joint. If the solder does not
melt, remove it and continue the heating
process. Be careful not to overheat or to
direct the flame into the fitting cup. This
could cause the flux to burn and destroy its
effectiveness. When the solder begins to
melt, the heat should be directed to the base
of the cup to aid capillary action in drawing
the molten solder into the fitting socket
towards the heat source.

2.3.9 Applying the Filler Metal

For joints in the horizontal position, start
applying the solder slightly off-center at the
bottom of the joint. When the solder metal
begins to melt from the heat of the tube and
fitting, do not use the torch to melt the
solder; push the solder straight into the joint
while keeping the torch at the base of the
fitting socket and slightly ahead of the point
of application of the solder. Continue this
technique across the bottom of the fitting
and up the side to the top of the fitting.
Return to the beginning, overlapping
slightly by re-melting the solder at the point
and proceed up the other side to the top,
again overlapping slightly.
For joints in the vertical position, a similar
sequence of overlapping passes should be
made, starting wherever is convenient.
Molten solder will be drawn into the joint
by capillary action regardless of whether the
solder is being fed upward, downward, or
horizontally. IMPORTANT: Always
remember to let the heat lead the alloy. Do
not apply the filler metal in front of the heat.

2.3.10 Cooling and Cleaning

After the joint has been completed, natural
cooling is best. Shock cooling with water
may cause unnecessary stress on the joint
and result in eventual failure. When cool,
clean off any remaining flux with a wet rag.

2.3.11 Testing

Test all completed assemblies for joint
integrity following the procedures described
in the body of this code. Completed systems
should be flushed to remove excess flux and
debris as soon as possible after completion.

2.4 Brazed Joints

2.4.1 Brazing is another commonly used method
for joining copper tube. Making brazed
joints is similar to making soldered joints
with respect to measuring, cutting, reaming,
cleaning, assembly, and support. And as in
soldering, the brazing filler metal is melted
by the heat of the tube and fitting and
drawn into the joint by capillary action.
The major differences between soldering
and brazing are the:

• Type of flux used;

• Composition of filler metal; and

• Amount of heat required to melt the filler
metal.

2.4.2 Brazing Flux

The fluxes used for brazing copper joints are
different in composition from soldering
fluxes. The two types cannot be used
interchangeably. Unlike soldering fluxes,
brazing fluxes are water based. Similar to
soldering fluxes, brazing fluxes dissolve and
remove residual oxide from the metal
surfaces, protect the metal from reoxidation
during heating and promote wetting of the
surfaces to be joined by the brazing filler
metal.

Fluxes also provide the craftsman with an
indication of temperature. Application of
the flux is the same as when soldering. If
the outside of the fitting and the heat-
affected area of the tube are covered with
flux (in addition to the end of the tube and
the cup), oxidation will be prevented and
the appearance of the joint will be greatly
improved.

2.4.3 Brazing Filler Metals

Brazing filler metals suitable for joining
copper tube systems are of two classes.
Classified according to their components,
they are: BCuP (Brazing-Copper Phosphorus)
and BAg (Brazing-Silver).
BCuP filler metals are preferred for joining
copper tube and fittings if codes and
construction specifications allow it. The
phosphorus in them acts as a fluxing agent
and the lower percentage of silver makes
them relatively low cost. When using copper
tube, wrought copper fittings, and BCuP
brazing filler metal, fluxing is optional.
However, when cast fittings are brazed, flux
must be used.

2.4.4 Heating

WARNING: When dealing with an
open flame, high temperatures, and

337

IS 3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

flammable gases, safety precautions must be
observed as described in the ANSI/ASC
Z49.1 Standard. Oxy/fuel torches are
generally used for brazing because of their
higher temperatures. However, recent
innovations in tip design make air /fuel
torches useful for brazing on a wide range of
sizes for brazing.

The heating operation is the same as for
soldering. Heat the tube first, beginning
about one inch from the edge of the fitting,
sweeping the flame around the tube in short
strokes at right angles to the axis of the tube.
It is very important that the flame be in
motion and not remain on any one point
long enought to damage the tube. Switch the
flame to the fitting at the base of the fitting
socket. Heat uniformly, sweeping the flame
from the fitting to the tube. Avoid excessive
heating of cast fittings or they may crack.
2.4.5 Applying Brazing Filler Metal

Apply the brazing filler metal at the point
where the tube enters the socket of the
fitting. When the proper temperature is
reached, the filler metal will flow readily
into the space between the tube and fitting
socket, drawn in by the natural force of
capillary action.

Keep the flame away from the filler metal
itself as it is fed into the joint. The
temperature of the tube and fitting at the
joint should be high enough to melt the filler
metal. Keep both the tube and fitting heated
by moving the flame back and forth fom one
to the other as the filler metal is drawn into
the joint.

When the joint is properly made the filler
metal will be drawn into the fitting socket
by capillary action, and a continuous fillet
(cap) of filler metal will be visible
completely around the joint. To aid in the
development of this fillet during brazing,
the flame should be kept slightly ahead of
the pint of filler metal application.
When brazing horizontal joints, it is
preferable to first apply the filler metal
slightly off-center of the bottom of the joint,
proceeding across the bottom of the joint
and continuing up the side to the top of the
joint. Then return to the beginning point,
overlapping slightly. This procedure is
identical to that used for soldering. Also,
similar to the soldering process, make sure
the operations overlap.

On vertical joints, it is immaterial where the
joint is made. If the opening of the fitting
socket is pointing down, care should be
taken to avoid overheating the tube, as this
may cause the brazing filler metal to run
down the outside of the tube.
If the filler metal fails to flow, or has the
tendency to ball-up, it indicates either that
there is oxide on the surfaces being joined or
that the parts to be joined are not hot
enough. If the filler metal refuses to enter
the joint, the fitting cup is not hot enough.
Most poorly made braze joints result from
either the tube or the fitting not being hot
enough. If filler metal tends to flow over the
outside of either part of the joint, it indicates
that part is overheated in comparison to the
other. When the joint is completed, a
continuous fillet should be visible
completely around the joint.
Larger diameter tube is more difficult to heat
to the desired teniperature. The use of a
heating tip or rosebud may be necessary to
maintain the proper temperature over the
area being brazed. Once total heat contiol is
attained, foUow the same procedures used for
smaller tube.

2.4.6 Cooling and Cleaning

When the brazed joint is finished, allow it to
cool naturally. Flux residues and some
oxides formed by heating can be removed
by washing with hot water and brushing
with a stainless steel wire brush.

2.4.7 Testing

Test all completed assembles for joint
integrity following the procedures described
in the body of this code. Completed systems
should be flushed to remove excess flux and
debris as soon as possible after completion.

2.4.8 Purging

Some installations, such as medical gas,
high-purity gas, and ACR systems, require
the use of an inert gas during the brazing
process. The purge gas displaces oxygen
from the interior of the system while it is
being subjected to the high temperatures of
brazing and therefore eliminates the
possibility of oxide formation on the interior
of the tube surface.

2.5 Flared Joints

2.5.1 Flared Joints with Impact Flaring Tools

Step 1 Cut the tube to the required length.
Step 2 Remove all burrs. This is very

important to assure metal-to-metal

contact.

338

COPPER PLUMBING TUBE, PIPE AND FITTINGS

IS 3

Step 3 Soft temper tube, if deformed,
should be brought back to
roundness with a sizing tool. This
tool consists of a plug and sizing
ring.

Step 4 Slip the coupling nut over the end
of the tube.

Step 5 Insert flaring tool into the tube end.

Step 6 Drive the flaring tool by hammer
strokes, expanding the end of the
tube to the desired flare. This
requires a few moderately light
strokes.

Step 7 Assemble the joint by placing the
fitting squarely against the flare.
Engage the coupling nut with the
fitting threads. Tighten with two
wrenches, one on the nut and one
on the fitting.
2.5.2 Flared Joints with Screw-Type Flaring

Tools

Steps 1-4 Same as for impact flaring
previously described.

Step 5 Clamp the tube in the flaring block
so that the end of the tube is
slightly above the face of the block.

Step 6 Place the yoke of the flaring tool on
the block so that the beveled end of
the compressor cone is over the
tube end.

Step 7 Turn the compressor screw down
firmly, forming the flare between
the chamber in the flaring block
and the beveled compressor cone.

Step 8 Remove the flaring tool. The joint
can now be assembled as in Step 6
for impact flaring.

2.6 Sizing, Velocity

To avoid excess system noise and the
possibility of erosion-corrosion, flow
through copper tube systems should not
exceed velocities of 8 feet per second for
cold water and 5 feet per second in hot
water up to approximately 140°F (60°C)
[UPC 610.0]

In systems where water temperatures
routinely exceed 140°F (60°C), lower
velocities such as 2 to 3 feet per second
should not be exceeded. In addition, where
1/2-inch and smaller tube sizes are used, to
guard against localized high velocity
turbulence due to possible faulty
workmanship (e.g. burrs at ,tube ends which
were not properly removed) or unusually

numerous, abrupt changes in flow direction,
lower velocities should be considered.
Due to constant circulation and elevated
water temperatures, particular attention
should be paid to velocities in circulation
hot water systems. Both the supply and
return piping should be sized such that the
maximum velocity does not exceed the
above recommendations. Care should be
taken to ensure that the circulating pump is
not oversized and the return piping is not
undersized, both common occurrences in
installed copper piping systems.

3.0 GENERAL INFORMATION

3.1 It is not possible to cover all the variables of
a plumbing system; however, the following
information may prove helpful:
Expansion Loops - Copper tube, like all
piping materials, expands and contracts
with temperature changes. Therefore, in a
copper tube system subjected to excessive
temperature changes, the line tends to
buckle or bend when it expands unless
compensation is built into the system.
Severe stresses on the joints may also occur.
Such stresses, buckles, or bends are
prevented by the use of expansion joints or
by installing offsets, "U" bends, coil loops,
or similar arrangements in the tube
assembly. These specially shaped tube
segments take up expansion and contraction
without excessive stress. The expansion of a
length of copper tube may be calculated
from the formula:

Temperature Rise (°F) x Length (feet) x 12

(inches per foot) x
Expansion Coefficient (in. per in. per °F) =

Expansion (inches), or

Temperature Rise (°C) x Length (meter) x

1000 (mm per meter) x

Expansion Coefficient (mm per mm per °C)

= Expansion (mm).

Calculations for expansion and contraction
should be based on the average coefficient
of expansion of copper, v^hich is 0.0000094
per °F (1.692 x 10-5 per °C), between 70°F
(21°C) and 212°F (100°C). For example, the
expansion of each 100 feet (3048 mm) of
length of any size tube heated from room
temperature (70°F) (21°C) to 170°F (77°C) (a
100°F (38°C) rise) is 1.128 inches (28.7 mm).

339

IS 3

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

3.2

3.3
3.3.1

100° X 100 ft X 12 in. /ft X
0.0000094 in./in./°F = 1.128 in., or
55.6° X 30.48 m x 1000 mm/m x 1.692 x
10-5 min/mm/°C = 28.7 mm

Tube Supports - See Table 3-2 and Section
314.0 in the Uniform Plumbing Code.

Bending

Copper tube, properly bent, will not collapse
on the outside of the bend and will not buckle
on the inside of the bend. Tests demonstrate
that the bursting strength of a bent copper
tube can be greater than it was before
bending. Because copper is readily formed,
expansion loops and other bends necessary in
an assembly are quickly and simply made if
the proper method and equipment are used.
Simple hand tools employing mandrels, dies,
forms, and fillers, or power-operated bending
machines are used.

Both ar\nealed tube and bending-temper tube
can be bent with hand benders. The proper
size bender for each size tube must be used.
Usually the size of the tool corresponds to the

nominal outside diameter of the tube, not the
standard tube size. For a guide to the typical
bend radii, see the following bending guide
for copper tube.

ADOPTED: 1969

REVISED: 1973, 1975, 1987, 1989, 1993,

2000, 2003

BENDING GUIDE FOR COPPER TUBE

Minimum

Tube Size,

Tube Type

Temper

Bend Radius,

Type of Bending

Inches (mm)

Indies (mm)

Equipment

1/4 (6.4)

K,L

Annealed

3/4

(19.1)

Lever type

3/8 (9.5)

K,L

Annealed

1-1/2

(38)

Lever or gear type

3

(76)

None; by hand*

K,L,M

Drawn

1-3/4

(44)

Gear type

1/2 (12.7)

K,L

Annealed

2-1/4

(57)

Lever or gear type

4-1/2

(114)

None; by hand*

K,L,M

Drawn

2-1/2

(64)

Gear type

3/4 (19.1)

K,L

Annealed

3

(76)

Lever or gear type

K

4-1/2

(114)

None; by hand*

L

6

(152)

None, by hand*

K

Drawn

3

(76)

Gear type

K,L

4

(102)

Heavy-duty gear type

1 (25.4)

K,L

Annealed

4

(102)

Gear type

7-1/2

(191)

None; by hand*

1-1/4 (32)

K,L

Annealed

9

(229)

None; by hand*

* When bending by hand, without the use of bending equipment, a circular wooden disc is
used. The radius of the disc should be about 1/4 to 1/2 inch less than the minimum bend
radius shown.

340

Installation Standard

For

TILE-LINED SHOWER RECEPTORS (and Replacements)

lAPMO IS 4-2003

FORWARD

This standard specification for the
installation of tile-lined shower receptors is
the result of extensive study and research by
the following:

Ceramic Tile Institute of America
Associated Tile Contractors of Southern
California, Inc.

Tile Layers Local No. 18 of I.U.B.A.C,
United States and Canada
Tile Helpers Local No. 18 of I.U.B.A.C, of
the United States and Canada

APPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF TILE-LINED SHOWER RECEPTORS

STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR THE INSTALLATION OF
TILE-LINED SHOWER RECEPTORS

Receptor lining must extend 3
(76 mm) above top of finished
dam and outward on face of
rough jamb.

Finish height of dam to be at
least 2" (51 mm) above high
point of shower drain.

Receptor lining must extend
3" (76 mm) above top of
finished dam and outward on
face of rough jamb.

Fur out or notch studs to
receive lining.

Keep lining flush with face of
studs or furring.

Mortar setting bed with
approved waterproofing
additive.

See Section 2.5.

Receptor lining turned over dam
and thoroughly tacked outside.
No punctures less tiian 1 " (25.4
mm) above the finished dam or
threshold on the interior and top
of dam or threshold.

Receptor fining shall be pitched
not less than 1/4" per foot (20.8
mm/m) to weep holes in dratn.

For receptor lining see Section 4.2

Flange of approved type sub drain set
exactly level with sub floor with clamping
ring or other device to make tight
connection with receptor i'mlng

1024 (0.66m2) minimum floor area
finish floor to have minimum of 1/4"
(20.8 mm/m) and maximum of 1/2"
(41 .7 mm/m) pitch to drain per foot.

Minimum of 0.05 inch (1 .3 mm) thickness strainer

341

IS 4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

1.0 SCOPE

1 .1 Installation and material of tile-lined shower
receptors shall comply with this standard
and the current edition of the Uniform
Plumbing Code [UPC]TM, published by the
International Association of Plumbing and
Mechanical Officials (lAPMO).

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code shall apply.

412.1 Floor drains

412.5 Shower receptors

412.6 Shower receptor approval

412.7 Shower compartments

412.8 On-site built-up shower

412.9 Floors of public shower rooms

2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Inspection of Work - All surfaces prepared
by others shall be inspected by the tile
installer before starting tile work and all
unsatisfactory conditions reported to the
Administrative Authority. Starting tile work
by the tile installer shall be considered as
acceptance of surfaces prepared by others.

2.2 Surface - All surfaces to receive tile work
shall be clean, structurally sound, and
conform in every way to the local building
code.

{Note: No tile work shall proceed until the
pan and drain construction has been
inspected and approved by the
Administrative Authority, where required.)

3.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Materials

3.1.1 Tile Quality and Grade - Tile shall comply
with American National Standard
Specification for Ceramic Tile, A137.1
(equivalent to and incorporating U.S. Dept.
of Commerce Simplified Practice
Recommendation, R61-61 and Federal
Specification SS-T-308b, Tile, Floor, Wall,
and Trim Units, Ceramic), or CTI 69.5.

3.1 .2 Cement - Cement shall be portland cement
type I or type II, conforming to ASTM CI 50.

3.1.3 Sand - Sand shall be damp, clean and
graded ASTM C 778.

3.1 .4 Water - Water shall be potable.

3.1.5 Reinforcing shall be 2.5 lbs. per sq. yard
(1.1 kg per m2) or greater galvanized metal
lath conforming to ANSI A42.3 or 2 inches x
2 inches (51 mm x 51 mm), 16/16 gage or 3
inches x 3 inches (76 mm x 76 mm) mesh, 13

X 13 gage or 1-1/2 inches x 2 inches (38 mm
X 51 mm) mesh, 16 x 13 gage steel, wire
conforming to ASTM A 82 and A 185.

3.1.6 Asphalt shall conform to Federal
Specification SS-A-0666, Type Z, Grade 2,
Class A.

3.1.7 Plastic Roof Cement shall conform to
Federal Specifications SS-C-153.

3.1.8 Water Resistant Felt Membrane - The
water resistant felt membrane shall be at
least 15 lb. (6.8 kg) asphalt saturated felt
conforming to Type 1, Federal Specification
HH-F-191 (a).

3.1.9 Plastic Membrane shall comply with
applicable standards listed in Table 14-1 of
the UPC.

3.1.10 Other Membranes - Where the
Administrative Authority approves their use,
non-metallic sub-pans or linings or lead
sheets weighing not less than 4 lbs. per sq.
foot (191.5 Pa) and copper pans of at least No.
24 B & S gage (Brown & Sharp 0.0201 inches)
or greater in thickness may be used.

3.1.11 Waterproofing Admixture - The mortar
bed of the receptor shall be mixed with a
waterproof admixture approved by the
Administrative Authority in the amounts
allowed by such approval.

3.2 CURRENTLY APPROVED MORTAR

ADDITIVES

Anti-Hydro — 1 qt. (0.95 I) per sack of

cement.

Plastiment — 1 lb. (0.5 kg) of powder per

sack of cement.

Plastiment — 2 oz. (56.7 g) of fluid per sack of

cement.

Sika 3A — 1 qt. (0.95 I) per sack of cemient.

Suconem (Red Label) — 1 pint (0.47 I) per

sack of cement.

4.0 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Shower Drains - An approved type shower
floor drain with sub-drain shall be installed
with every such shower membrane. Flange
of each sub-drain shall be accurately set
exactly level with sloping sub-floor and
shall be equipped with a clamping ring or
other approved device to make a tight
connection between the membrane and the
sub-drain. The sub-drain shall have weep
holes into the waste line. The weep holes
located in the subdrain clamping ring shall
be protected from becoming clogged during
the placement of finish materials. The drain
shall be of such design that there will be not

342

TILE-LINED SHOWER RECEPTORS

IS 4

less than 2" (51 mm) depth from the top of
the sub-drain flange to top of the strainer.
Unless otherwise approved by the
Administrative Authority, drains shall be
located in the approximate center of the
shower area.
4.2 Sloping Sub-Floor and Shower
Membrane All lining materials shall be
pitched one quarter (1/4) inch per foot (20.8
mm/m) to weep holes in the sub-drain by
means of a smooth and solidly formed
sloping sub-base. All such lining materials
shall extend upward on the side walls and
rough jambs of the shower opening to a
point not less than three (3) inches (76 mm)
above the top of the finished dam or
threshold and shall extend outward over the
top of the rough threshold and be turned
over and fastened on the outside face of
both the rough threshold and the jambs.

4.2.1 Non-metallic shower sub-pans or linings
may be built-up on the job site of not less
than three (3) layers of standard grade
fifteen (15) pound (6.8 kg) asphalt
impregnated roofing felt. The bottom layer
shall be fitted to the formed sub-base and
each succeeding layer thoroughly hot-
mopped to that below, with hot asphalt
conforming to Fed. Spec. SS-A0666 T)rpe Z,
Grade 2, Class A on the basis of twenty (20)
pounds (9.1 kg) of asphalt per layer per
square. All corners shall be carefully fitted
and shall be made strong and water-tight by
folding or lapping, and each corner shall be
reinforced with suitable webbing hot-
mopped in place. All folds, laps and
reinforcing webbing shall extend at least
four (4) inches (102 mm) in all directions
from the corner and all webbing shall be of
approved type and mesh, producing a
tensile strength of not less than fifty (50)
pounds per square inch (344.5 kPa per
square meter) in either direction.

4.2.2 Non-metallic shower sub-pans or linings
may also consist of single or multi-layers of
other approved equivalent materials,
suitably reinforced and carefully fitted in
place on the job site, as elsewhere required
in this section according to manufacturer's
recommended installation procedures.
Where flexible plastic sheet membranes are
used, comers shall be carefully constructed
by folding or bonding of prefabricated
reinforcing corner. Joints in flexible plastic
sheeting shall be constructed with the

appropriate solvent bonding liquid, bodied
solvent cement or thermal welding.

4.2.3 Where lead and copper pans are used as
membranes, the installation shall be made in
similar manner as required for felt
membranes except the asphalt moppings,
and in addition the pans shall be insulated
from all concrete and mortar surfaces and
from all conducting substances other than
their connecting drain by 15 lb. (6.8 kg)
asphalt saturated felt or an approved
equivalent hot mopped to the lead or copper
pan. Joints in lead and copper pans shall not
be soldered, but shall be burned or silver
brazed respectively.

4.2.4 All linings shall be properly recessed and
fastened to approved backing so as not to
occupy the space required for the wall
covering and shall not be nailed or
perforated at any point which will be less
than one (1) inch (25.4 mm) above the
finished dam or threshold.

4.3 Tests. Upon installation, all linings shall be
tested for water tightness by being filled to
the top of the rough threshold with water
for a period of time sufficient to establish
their water tightness. (Usually twenty-four
(24) hours with no loss of water. See the
local Administrative Authority for exact
time limit.)

A test plug shall be so placed that both the
upper and under sides of the lining shall be
subjected to test at its point of contact with
the sub-drain. When the test plug is
removed, all of the test water shall drain out
by gravity through the weep holes. A ring of
non-absorbent material must be placed
around the weep holes to keep them open
when the finish materials are installed.

4.4 Receptor. Shower floor shall be of ceramic
tile set in portland cement mortar mixed in
the proportion of one (1) part portland
cement to four (4) parts of mortar sand by
volume and shall be provided with an
approved shower drain designed to make a
water-tight joint at the floor. The mortar
mixture shall be of such consistency that a
troweled surface readily assumes a smooth
screeded surface. All concrete mortar bases
shall be mixed with an approved
waterproofing admixture and properly
reinforced with 2.5 lbs. per square yard (1.1
kg per square m) or more galvanized metal
lath or 2 inches x 2 inches (51 mm x 51 mm),
16/16 gage or 3 inches x 3 inches (76 rrun x

343

IS 4

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

76 min) mesh, 13 x 13 gage or 1-1/2 inches x
2 inches (38 mm x 51 mm) mesh, 16 x 13
gage cold drawn welded steel wire fabric
located in the approximate center of the
mortar bed and extending at least 3 inches
(76 mm) at any point. The finished floor
shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm)
measured from the top surface of the
membrane. The high point of the tile floor
shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) or
more than 9 inches (229 mm) below the top
of the finished dam and shall have a
n\inimun\ of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm/m) and a
maximum of 1/2 inch (19.1 mm/m) pitch
per foot toward the drain. Shower walls to a
minimum height of 3 inch (76 mm) and not
less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) above the
finished dam shall be lined with ceramic tile
set in Portland cement mortar.

4.5 Floors of public shower rooms shall have a
, non-skid surface and shall be drained in

such a manner that waste water from one
bather will not pass over areas occupied by
other bathers. Gutters in public or gang
shower rooms shall have rounded corners
for easy cleaning and shall be sloped not less
than two (2) percent toward drains. Drains
in such gutters shall be spaced not more
than eight (8) feet (2438 mm) from side walls
or more than sixteen (16) feet (4877 mm)
apart.

4.6 Shower walls, including shower walls over
bathtubs, shall be constructed of dense, non-
absorbent waterproof materials such as
ceramic tile set in portland cement mortar or
approved cementitious backer unit when no
materials are adversely affected by moisture
to a height of not less than six (6) feet (1829
mm) above the floor.

EXISTING TILE

MORTAR BED

SNIP PAPER

AND METAL LATH

FLASHING IN PLACE

CONTINUOUS CAULKING
FLASHING INSERTED

FLASHING IN PLACE
NEW LINING

Figure 2

ADOPTED: 1966

REVISED: 1977, 1982, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2003

344

Installation Standard

For

ABS BUILDING DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT PIPE AND FITTINGS

lAPMO IS 5-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1 .1 This installation standard shall apply to ABS
building drain, waste and vent systems as
governed by the Uniform Plumbing Code.
Material Standard ASTM D 2661, "Standard
Specification of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-
Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain,
Waste and Vent Pipe and Fittings," or
ASTM F 628, "Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-
Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic, Drain,
Waste and Vent Pipe with a Cellular Core,"
shall form a part of this standard.

1.2 Installation, material and inspection shall
comply with the current edition of the
Uniform Plumbing Code [UPC]TM as
published by the International Association
of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials and
shall also comply with this standard.

The Building Official shall be consulted
about penetration of fire separations, height
and area or other limitations.

Note:

Note:

903.0 Materials (Venting)

903.4 Straining or Bending Pipe

1003.0 Traps Described

1101.3 Materials Uses

Table 14-1

Pipe and Fittings:

ASTM D 2661 D3311
ASTM D2122 F402
ASTM F628

ABBREVIATIONS

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
lAPMO International Association of Plumbing and

Mechanical Officials
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards

2.1.1 Pipe

ABS pipe is furnished in straight lengths.
The pipe is black in color. The pipe wall is
the same thickness as that of Schedule 40
(IPS) standard steel pipe.
ABS pipe markings shall be in accordance
with D 2661 or F 628. [UPC 301.1.2]

2.1.2 Fittings
Fittings are black. Refer to Tables in ASTM
D2661 and D3311 for dimensions and
tolerances for pipe, fitting sockets, and
laying lengths.

ABS fitting markings shall be in accordance
with D 2661 or F 628. [UPC 301.1.2]

2.1.3 Solvent Cement
Solvent cement shall be as specified in
ASTM Standard D 2235. Solvent cement
labels shall be in accordance with D 2235.

2.2 Protection of Piping
2.2.1 Storage

Pipe and fittings should not be stored in
direct sunlight. However, exposure to direct
sunlight during normal construction periods
is not considered harmful. Pipe shall be
stored in such a manner as to prevent
sagging or bending. -

^Although referenced in this standard, some of the fittings shown in the standard are not acceptable under
the Uniform Plumbing Code.

The following sections of the Uniform

Plumbing Code apply.

101.4.1.

1 Repair and Alterations

103.5

Inspections

203.0

Definition ABS

301.1

Minimum Standards

311.8

Fittings Screwed

310.0

Workmanship

311.0

Prohibited Fittings and Practices

313.0

Protection of Piping, Materials, and

Structures

314.0

Hangers and Supports

316.1.1

Threaded Joints

316.1.6

Type of Joints - Solvent Cement

Plastic Pipe Joints

316.2.3

Plastic Pipe to Other Material

316.3.1

Flanged Fixture Connections

316.4

Prohibited Joints and Connections

316.0

Increasers and Reducers

701.0

Materials (Drainage)

704.4

Closet Flanges

707.1

Cleanout Fittings

345

IS 5
2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4

2.2.5

Expansion And Contraction

Thermal expansion and contraction of
plastic drain waste and vent systems shall
be taken into consideration. Thermal
expansion and contraction may be
controlled by several methods: offset,
expansion joints or restraints. Regardless of
method utilized, certain conditions shall be
met. 2.2.6

(a) Support, but do not rigidly restrain
piping at changes of direction.

(b) Do not anchor pipe rigidly in walls.

(c) Holes through framing members must
be adequately sized to allow for free
movement.

DWV installations with frequent changes in

direction will compensate for thermal

expansion and contraction. Expansion joints

may be utilized in vertical straight runs in

excess of thirty (30) feet (9144 mm) provided 2.3

they are installed per manufacturer's 2.3.1

installation instructions.

Except piping buried below ground,

horizontal and vertical piping should be

installed with restraint fittings or a

minimum twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm)

45° offset every thirty (30) feet (9144 mm). 2.3.2

Thermal expansion for installations subject

to temperature changes may be determined

from Table 1. The linear expansion shown is

independent of the diameter of the pipe.

[UPC 313.0]

Exposed Piping

Piping shall not be exposed to direct

sunlight. Exception: Vent piping through

roof. Plumbing vents through roof, exposed

to sunlight, shall be protected by water base

synthetic latex paints. Adequate support

shall be provided where ABS piping is

exposed to wind, snow, and ice loading.

Protection From Damage

Piping passing through wood studs or

plates shall be protected from puncture by

steel nail plates not less than 18 gauge.

Piping shall be protected from concrete form

oil. [UPC 313.9] 2.4

Antl-Freeze Protection 2.4.1

Anti-Freeze Protection - ABS pipe and traps

can be protected from freezing by the use of

one of the following solutions or mixtures:

(a) 4 quarts (3.8 liters) of water mixed with
5 quarts (4.8 liters) of glycerol

(b) 2-1/2 lbs. (1.1 kg) of magnesium
chloride dissolved in one gallon (3.8
liters) of water

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

(c) 3 lbs. (1.4 kg) of table salt dissolved in

one gallon (3.8 liters) of water.
The salt solutions are effective to
approximately 10°F (-12°C). If lower
temperatures are anticipated, the pipe
should be drained or the glycerol solution
should be used. [UPC 313.0]

Piping Installed in Fire Resistive
Construction

All piping penetrations of fire resistance
rated walls, partitions, floor, floors /ceiling
assem^blies, roof/ ceiling assemblies, or shaft
enclosures shall be protected in accordance
with the requirements of the Building Code,
lAPMO Installation Standards and Chapter
15 "Firestop Protection for DWV and
Stormwater Applications". [UPC 313.7]

Hangers and Supports
Abrasion

Hangers and straps shall not compress,
distort, cut, or abrade the piping and shall
allow free movement of pipe. Pipe exposed
to damage by sharp surfaces shall be
protected. [UPC 314.0]
Support

Support all piping at intervals of not more
than four (4) feet (1219 mm), at end of
branches, and at change of direction or
elevation. Supports shall allow free
movement, but shall restrict upward
movement of lateral runs so as not to create
reverse grade. Vertical piping shall be
supported at each story or floor level.
Alignment of vertical piping shall be
maintained between floors with the use of a
mid-story guide. Support trap arms in
excess of three (3) feet (914 mm) in length as
close as possible to the trap. Closet rings
shall be securely fastened with corrosive
resistant fasteners to the floor with the top
surface one-quarter (1/4) inch (6.4 mm)
above the finish floor. [UPC 314.0]

Traps

Connection to Traps

Traps shall be connected by means of listed
trap adapters.[UPC 1003.0]

346

ABS BUILDING DWV PIPE AND FITTINGS

IS 5

TABLE 1
Thermal Expansion Table

Chart Shows Length Changes in Inches vs. Degrees Temperature Change
Coefficient of Linear Expansion: e = 5.5 x 10'^ in/in °F

Length

(feet)

40°F

SOT

60°F

70T

80°F

90T

100°F

20

0.536

0.670

0.804

0.938

1.072

1.206

1.340

40

1.070

1.340

1.610

1.880

2.050

2.420

2.690

60

1.609

2.010

2.410

2.820

3.220

3.620

4.020

80

2.143

2.680

3.220

3.760

4.290

4.830

5.360

100

2.680

3.350

4.020

4.700

5.360

6.030

6.700

TABLE 1 (Metric)
Thermal Expansion Table

Chart Shows Length Changes in Millimeters vs. Degrees Temperature Change

Coefficient of Linear Expansion: e = 0.3 mm

-1.

mm

°C

Length

(mm)

4X

10°C

16°C

2rc

27X

32°C

38°C

6096

13.6

17.0

20.4

23.8

27.2

30.6

34.0

12192

27.2

34.0

40.8

47.8

52.1

61.5

68.3

18288

40.9

51.1

61.2

71.6

81.8

92.0

102.1

24384

54.4

68.1

81.8

95.5

110.0

122.7

136.1

30480

68.1

85.1

102.1

119.4

136.1

153.2

170.2

Example:

Highest Temperature expected

100°F

(38°C)

Lowest Temperature

I expected

50°F

(10°C)

-50^

tio°e)

Length of run - 60 feet (18288 nmi) from chart, read 2.010 inches (51 mm)
linear expansion that must be provided for.

2.5 Joints

2.5.1 Caulked Joints

Make connections or transitions to bell-and-
spigot cast iron soil pipe and fittings, and to
bell-and-spigot pipe and fittings of other
materials with listed mechanical
compression joints designed for this use, or
caulked joints made in an approved manner.
In caulking, pack the joint with oakum or
hemp and fill with molten lead to a depth of
not less than (1) inch (25.4 mm). Allow a
period of four (4) minutes for cooling,
following which, caulk the lead at the inside
and outside edges of the joint. Lead shall not
be overheated. Heat lead to melting point
only. [UPC 705.1]

Note: Caulked joints should be avoided if
possible.

2.5.2 Solvent Cement Joints

2.5.2.1 Selection. Solvent cement shall be
recommended for ABS by the manufacturer.
Follow manufacturer's recommendations
for types of solvent cement for such
conditions as temperature over 100°F (38°C),
or humidity over 60%. [UPC 316.1.6]

2.5.2.2 Handling (to maintain effectiveness).
Solvent cement containers no larger than 1
gallon (3.8 liters) should be used in the field
(to avoid thickening due to evaporation).
Keep container closed and in the shade
when not in use. Keep applicator
submerged in solvent cement between
applications. When solvent cement becomes
thicker, THROW IT AWAY. Solvent cement
shall NOT be thinned.

347

IS 5

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.5.2.3 Size of Applicator. Applicator should be
about one half the pipe diameter. Do not use
small applicator on large pipes. Ordinary
pure bristle paint brush or applicators
furnished with product are satisfactory.

2.5.2.4 Application. Solvent cement shall be
applied deliberately, but without delay (two
people may be needed to make large joints).
Use special care when temperature is over
100°F (38°C) or humidity is over 60%.

2.5.3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND
PRECAUTIONS

2.5.3.1 General. Solvents contained in ABS
plastic pipe cements are classified as
airborne contaminants and flammable and
combustible liquids. Precautions listed in
this appendix should be followed to avoid
injury to personnel and the hazard of fire.

2.5.3.2 Safety Precautions. Prolonged breathing
of solvent vapors should be avoided. When
pipe and fittings are being joined in partially
enclosed areas, a ventilating device should
be used in such a manner to minimize the
entry of vapors into the breathing areas.

2.5.3.3 Solvent cements should be kept away
from all sources of ignition, heat, sparks
and open flame.

2.5.3.4 Containers for solvent cements should be
kept tightly closed except when the
cement is being used.

2.5.3.5 All rags and other materials used for
mopping up spills should be kept in a
safety waste receptacle which should be
emptied daily.

2.5.3.6 Most of the solvents used in ABS pipe
cements can be considered eye irritants
and contact with the eye should be
avoided for it may cause eye injury.
Proper eye protection and the use of
chemical goggles or face shields is
advisable where the possibility of
splashing exists in handling solvent
cements. In case of eye contact, flush with
plenty of water for 15 minutes and call a
physician immediately.

2.5.3.7 Repeated contact with the skin should be
avoided. Proper gloves impervious to and
unaffected by the solvents should be worn
when frequent contact with the skin is
likely. Application of the solvents or
solvent cements with rags and bare hand
is not recommended. Brushes and other
suitable applicators can be used
effectively for applying the solvent cement,
thus avoiding skin contact. In the event of

excessive contact, remove contaminated

clothing and wash skin with soap and

water.

Step 1 Cut pipe square with hand saw
and miter box, mechanical cut-off
saw, or tube cutter designed for
plastic.

Step 2 Ream inside and chamfer outside
of pipe (to elin\inate all burrs).

Step 3 Clean all dirt, moisture, and
grease from pipe and socket. Use
a clean, dry rag.

Step 4 Check dry fit of pipe in fitting.
Pipe should enter fitting socket
from 1/3 to 3/4 depth of socket.

Step 5 Apply a light coat of ABS solvent
cement to inside of socket using
straight outward strokes (to keep
excess solvent out of socket). This
is also to prevent solvent cement
damage to pipe. For loose fits,
apply a second coat of solvent
cement. Time is important at this
stage. See Section 2.5.2.4.

Step 6 While both the inside socket
surface and the outside surface of
the pipe are SOFT and WET with
solvent cement, forcefully bottom
the pipe in the socket, giving the
pipe a one-quarter turn, if
possible. The pipe must go to the
bottom of the socket.

Step 7 Hold the joint together imtil tight
(partial set).

Step 8 Wipe excess cement from the
pipe. A properly made joint will
normally show a bead around its
entire perimeter. Any gaps may
indicate insufficient cement or the
use of light bodied cement on
larger diameters where heavy
bodied cement should have been
used.

Step 9 The system shall not be tested
until the joints have cured (set) at
least as long as recommended by
the manufacturer.

2.5.4 Threaded Joints

Threads on iron pipe size (IPS) pipe and
fittings shall be standards listed in Table 14-
1. Threads on tubing shall be approved
types. Threads on plastic pipe shall be
factory cut or molded. Threaded plastic pipe
shall be Schedule 80 minimum wall

348

ABS BUILDING DWV PIPE AND FITTINGS IS 5

thickness. Tubing threads shall conform to
fine tubing thread standards. When a pipe
joint material is used, it shall be applied
only on male threads and such materials
shall be approved types, insoluble in water
and nontoxic. Cleanout plugs and caps shall
be lubricated with water-insoluble, non-
hardening material or tape. Only listed
thread tape or thread lubricants and sealants
specifically intended for use with plastics
shall be used on plastic threads.
Conventional pipe thread compounds,
putty, linseed oil base products, and
unknown lubricants and sealants shall not
be used on plastic threads. [UPC 316.1.1]

2.5.5 Special Joints

2.5.5.1 Plastic Pipe to Other Materials

When cormecting plastic pipe to other types
of piping, use only listed fittings and
adapters, designed for the specific transition
intended. [UPC 316.2.3]

2.6 Prohibited Joints and Connections

(a) Drainage system - Any fitting or
connection which has an enlargement,
chamber or recess with a ledge,
shoulder or reduction of pipe area, that
offers an obstruction to flow through the
drain is prohibited.

(b) No fitting or connection that offers
abnormal obstruction to flow shall be
used. The enlargement of a three (3)
inch (76 mm) closet bend or stub to four
(4) inches (102 mm) shall not be
considered an obstruction. [UPC 316.4]

ADOPTED: 1966

REVISED: 1971, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977,

1981, 1982, 1983, 1987, 1989,

1990,1992,2003

349

IS 5 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

350

Installation Standard

For

HUBLESS CAST IRON SANITARY AND RAINWATER SYSTEMS

lAPMO IS 6-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This installation standard is for use with
listed systems of hubless cast iron pipe and
fittings, utilizing listed couplings.

1 .2 This standard shall serve to supplement any
existing applicable standards and
requirements of appropriate codes and laws
regulating use of hubless cast iron pipe and
fittings in building sewer, drainage, waste,
vent, and rainwater systems, and to provide
the necessary requirements for installation,
use and inspection of piping and fittings for
this purpose. This system may be used in
any location where cast iron pipe is
acceptable under the Uniform Plumbing
Code.

1.3 The provisions of this standard are not
intended to prevent the use of any alternate
material or method of construction,
provided it meets the requirements of the
standard.

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code apply to this standard:

101.4.1.1

Repair and Alterations

301.1

Minimum Standards (Material)

310.0

Workmanship

311.0

Prohibited Fittings and Practices

313.0

Protection of Piping Materials

and Structures

314.0

Hangers and Supports

316.4

Prohibited Joints and Connections

317.0

Increasers and Reducers

Table 3-1

Hanger Rod Sizes

Table 3-2

Support Spacing

701.0

Materials (Drainage)

704.4

Closet Flanges

705.1

Type of Joints

705.3.2

Expansion Joints

707.14

Cleanout Plugs

712.2 and

712.3

Testing

Table 7-3

Sizing

Table 7-5

Sizing

903.0

Materials (Venting)

1003.0

Traps Described

Chapter 11:

Storm Drainage

1101.3 Materials Uses
1101.11 Roof Drainage

Table 14-1 Plumbing Material Standards

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards

Hubless pipe, fittings and couplings shall be
manufactured in strict compliance with
appropriate standards acceptable to lAPMO.
[UPC 301.1]

2.2 Markings

2.2.1 All hubless system components shall be
clearly marked with the following:

(a) Manufacturer's name or manufacturer's
registered trademark; the markings
shall be adequate to readily identify the
maker or manufacturer to the end user
of the product;

(b) Products listed by lAPMO that are
covered by this standard shall be
labeled with the designated lAPMO
certification mark;

(c) Country of origin; and

(d) Any other markings required by law.

2.2.2 Pipe shall be legibly and continuously
marked along the full length of the barrel.
[UPC 301.1.2]

2.2.3 Markings on fittings shall be cast raised
letters and not be located in the W
dimension as found in the product standard.
With the exception of the fittings with
notations in the standards allowing for
optional positioning lugs fittings have a
raised lug. When properly positioned, the
gasket in other than wider body couplings
will rest against but will not cover the lug.
Gaskets for wider body couplings will cover
the lug. [UPC 301.1.2]

2.3 All installations shall be made so that the
components can be readily identified. When
laying hubless pipe in a ditch, the
identification shall be on the top side of the
pipe. When in walls, the identification shall
be on a side readily visible to the inspector.

351

IS 6
2.4

2.5

2.5.1

2.5.2

2.5.3

2.5.4
2.5.5

2.5.6

2.6

Workmanship

All piping systems shall be installed and
supported in a workmanlike manner. [UPC
310.0]

Hangers and Supports

Support and stability of all components of a
hubless cast iron sanitary and rainwater
system shall be given prime consideration.
[UPC 314.0]

Vertical hubless systems shall be supported
per Table 3-2 of the Uniform Plumbing
Code.

Horizontal hubless systems shall be
supported per Table 3-2 of the Uniform
Plumbing Code. Supports shall be adequate
to maintain alignment and prevent sagging
and shall be placed within eighteen (18)
inches (457 mm) of the joint.
Joints shall be supported at least at every
other joint except that when the developed
length between supports exceeds four (4)
feet (1219 mm) they shall be provided at
each joint. Supports shall also be provided
at each horizontal branch connection. Such
support shall be placed immediately
adjacent to the coupling.
Suspended lines shall be suitably braced to
prevent horizontal movement.
Closet bends, trap arms and similar
branches shall be secured against movement
in any direction.

Hubless systems, in the ground shall be laid
on a firm bed for its entire length except
where support is otherwise provided which
is adequate in the judgment of the
Administrative Authority. [UPC 314.3]
Vertical sections and their connecting
branches shall be adequately staked and
fastened to driven steel pipe or reinforcing
bars so as to remain stable while backfill is
placed or concrete is poured.

Joints

During installation assembly, hubless pipe
and fittings shall be inserted into the gasket
and firmly seated against a center stop.
Center stop ring or fittings shall not create
an enlargement chamber or recess with a
ledge, shoulder, or reduction of pipe area or
offer an obstruction to flow. In order to
provide a sound joint with field cut lengths
of pipe, the ends shall be cut square.
Coupling assemblies shall be properly
positioned and uniformly tightened to the

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

torque required by lAPMO listing. The use
of an adequate torque wrench
recommended by the manufacturer of the
coupling assemblies shall be used. [UPC
705.1]

2.6.1 Listed adapters designed for the specific
transition intended shall be used for the
intermembering transition of different
piping materials.

2.6.2 The connection of closet rings, floor and
shower drains, and similar "slip over" fittings
to hubless pipe and fittings and the connection
of hubless pipe and fittings to conventional
pipe hubs shall be accomplished by the use of
caulked lead joints, or other listed connections.

ADOPTED: 1966

REVISED: 1972, 1974, 1975, 1982, 1989, 1991,
1993,1995,2000,2003

352

Installation Standard

For

POLYETHYLENE (PE) COLD WATER BUILDING SUPPLY AND YARD PIPING

lAPMO IS 7-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1 .1 This standard shall govern the installation of
polyethylene (PE) cold water building
supply and yard piping. (See Section 604.1
of the Uniform Plumbing Code and Section
2.7 of this standard for allowable location
and pressure). Installation, material and
inspection shall comply with the current
edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code
[UPC]TM published by the International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical
Officials, and shall also comply with this
standard.

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code apply to polyethylene piping.

103.5.3 Testing of systems

218.0 Definition of PE

310.0 Workmanship

313.0 Protection of Piping, Materials, and

Structures

314.0 Supporting in the Ground

315.0 Backfilling

316.2.3 Cormection to Other Materials

Chapter 6 Water Distribution

609.0 Locations

609.1 Depth of Piping
609.4 Testing

Table 14-1 Fittings (and Fasteners) for Joining
PE Pipe, lAPMO PS 25
Plastic Insert Fittings for
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe.
ASTM D 2609
PE Pipe, ASTM D 2239

ABBREVIATIONS

ASTM American Society for Testing and

Materials
lAPMO International Association of Plumbing

and Mechanical Officials
NSF National Sanitation Foundation
PS Material and Property Standard

published by lAPMO
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code published by

lAPMO

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards

2.1.1 Material. Material shall conform to the
appropriate standard in Table 14-1. See
note ahead of Chapter 2 of this standard.

2.1 .2 Pipe. PE pipe is plastic and black.

2.1.3 Fittings. Fittings are copper alloy or
nylon barbed insert fittings.

2.2 Markings

2.2.1 Piping. PE pipe markings shall be in
accordance with D 2239. [UPC 301.1.2]

2.2.2 Fittings. PE fitting markings shall be in
accordance with D 2239. [UPC 301.1.2]

2.2.3 Bands. Bands shall be marked with at
least the following:

(a) Manufacturer's name or trademark;

(b) Model;

(c) Stainless steel. Series 300; and

(d) Bands listed by lAPMO that are
covered by this standard shall be
labeled with the UPC logo to show
compliance with this standard.

2.2.4 Position of Markings. The identifying
markings on pipe and fittings shall be
visible for inspection without moving
materials.

2.3 Protection of Piping

2.3.1 Storage. Unprotected pipe should not be
stored in direct sunlight. The pipe shall be
stored in a w^ay to protect it from
mechanical damage (slitting, puncturing,
etc.). [UPC 313.0]

2.3.2 Thermal Expansion. The pipe shall be
snaked in the trench bottom with enough
slack to provide for thermal expansion
and contraction. The normal slack created
by residual coiling is generally sufficient
for this purpose. If, however, the pipe has
been allowed to straighten before it is
placed in the trench, six (6) inches (152
mm) per one hundred (100) feet (30480
mm) of length shall be allowed for this
purpose.

353

IS 7
2.3.3

2.4

2.5
2.5.1

2.5.2

2.6
2.6.1

Exposed Piping. Vertical piping may
extend a maximum of twenty-four (24)
inches (610 mm) above grade when
located on the exterior of the building or
structure and protected from mechanical
damage to the satisfaction of the
Administrative Authority. Where
exposed to sunlight, the pipe shall be
wrapped with at least 0.040 in. (1.02 mm)
of tape.

Trenchiing and Cover. Trench bottoms
shall be uniformly graded and shall be of
either undisturbed soil or shall consist of a
layer or layers of compacted backfill so
that minimum settlement will take place.
[UPC 315.0]

Joints

Procedure. Polyethylene pipe joints shall

be made as follows (see Section 2.2.1):

Step 1. Pipe shall be cut square, using a

cutter designed for plastic pipe,

and chamfer ends to remove

sharp edges.

Step 2. Place two strap-type stainless

steel bands over the pipe.
Step 3. Check that fittings are properly
sized for pipe, as tubing fittings
are not of proper size.
Step 4. Force the end of the pipe over the
barbed insert fittings, making
contact with the fitting shoulder
(the end of the pipe may be
softened by placing in hot water).
Step 5. Position the clamps 180° apart
and tighten evenly, so as to make
a leak-proof joint. [UPC 316.1]
Other Joints. Polyethylene pipe shall not
be threaded. Joints made with adhesives
or "solvent cementing" techniques are
prohibited.

IVIaterials

Location. Polyethylene piping shall be
installed only outside the foundation of
any building or structure or parts thereof.
It shall be buried in the ground for its
entire length except vertical piping may
be extended above grade per Section
313.3. It shall not be installed within or
under any building or structure or mobile
home or commercial coach, or parts
thereof. The term "building or structure or
parts thereof" shall include structures
such as porches and steps, whether

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

covered or uncovered, roofed porte-
cocheres, roofed patios, carports, covered
walks, covered driveways, and similar
structures or appurtenances. [UPC 604.0]
2.6.2 Harmful Materials. Polyethylene that has

been in contact with gasoline, lubricating
oil, or aromatic compounds, shall not be
installed.

2.7 Installation

2.7.1 Pipe. Kinked pipe shall not be used. PE
pipe shall not be flared. [UPC 609.0]

2.7.2 Fittings. Compression type couplings
and fittings shall be used only when
installing one and one-half (1-1/2) inch
(38 mm) and larger pipe. Stiffeners that
extend beyond the clamp or nut shall not
be used. [UPC 609.0]

2.7.3 Bends. Changes in direction may be made
by bends. The installed radius of pipe
curvature shall be not less than thirty (30)
pipe diameters, or the coil radius when
bending with the coil. Coiled pipe shall not
be bent beyond straight. Bends shall not be
permitted closer than ten (10) pipe
diameters of any fitting or valve.

2.7.4 Maximum Working Pressure. Working
pressure shall not exceed 160 psi (1.10
mPa).

2.7.5 Identification. A label shall be fastened to
the main electric meter panel stating "This
structure has a non-metallic water
service".

2.8 Sizing

2.8.1 Piping shall be sized in accordance with

UPC Section 610.0. When UPC Appendix
A is applicable, use UPC Chart A-4
(Copper Tubing Type L). Flow velocity
shall not exceed 8 fps (2.4 m/s). [UPC
610.1]

ADOPTED: 1968

REVISED: 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1978,
1981, 1982, 1983, 1989, 1990, 2003

354

Installation Standard

For

PVC COLD WATER BUILDING SUPPLY AND YARD PIPING

lAPMO IS 8-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1 .1 This standard shall govern the installation of
PVC piping (with solvent cemented or
elastomeric gasketed joints) in cold water
building supply and yard piping. (See
Section 2.6.1 and 2.7.2 for allowable location
and pressure.) Installation, material and
inspection shall comply with the current
edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code
[UPC]TM published by the International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical
Officials, and shall also comply with this
standard.

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code apply to PVC water piping.

218.0
310.0
313.0

314.0

315.0

316.1.6

316.2.3

Chapter 6

606.2

604.0

609.0

Chapter 14
ASTM

Definition of PVC

Workmanship

Protection of Piping, Materials and

Structures

Hangers and Supports

Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill

Solvent-Cement Plastic Pipe Joints

Plastic Pipe to Other Materials

Water Supply and Distribution

Use of Joints

Materials

Depth of Piping Installation, Testing,

Unions, and Location

American Society for Testing and

Materials
lAPMO International Association of Plumbing

and Mechanical Officials
NSF NSF International
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code published by

lAPMO

APPLICABLE STANDARDS

Type of PVC for Pipe and Fittings

PVC 1120 or 1220
Pipe

Bell-End Poly (vinyl chloride)

PVC Pipe

PVC Schedule 40

ASTM Standard
D1784

D2672
D1785

Type of PVC for Pipe and Fittings ASTM Standard
PVC Schedule 80 D1785

PVC 160 psi (1102.4 kPa) (SDR 26)
PVC200psi (1378 kPa) (SDR 21)
PVC 250 psi (1722.5 kPa) (SDR 17)
PVC 315 psi (2170.4 kPa) (SDR 13.5) D 2241

Fittings

Schedule 40 (Socket) D 2466

Schedule 80 (Socket) D 2467

Schedule 80 (Threaded) D 2464

Solvent Cement

PVC Solvent Cement D 2564

Primers

PVC Primers F 656

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards

Material. Materials shall conform to the
appropriate standard in Table 14-1 of the
Uniform Plumbing Code. See note ahead of
Chapter 2 of this standard. [UPC 301.1]

2.2 Pipe and Fittings. Pipe and fittings are
manufactured from PVC plastic.

2.3 Markings

2.3.1 Pipe. PVC pipe markings shall be in
accordance with D 1785 or D 2241. [UPC
301.1.2]

2.3.2 Fittings. PVC fitting markings shall be in
accordance with D 2464 or D 2466 or D 2467.
[UPC 301.1.2]

*Note: Size and material designation may be omitted
on smaller fittings.

2.3.3 Solvent Cement. Solvent cement container
markings shall be in accordance with D
2564.

2.3.3.1 Color. Solvent cement shall not be purple in
color.

2.3.4 Primers. Primer container markings shall
be in accordance with F 656.

2.3.4.1 Color. Primer shall be purple.

2.3.4.2 Position of Markings. The identifying
markings on pipe and fittings shall be
visible for inspection without moving
materials.

2.4 Protection of Piping

2.4.1 Storage. Unprotected pipe should not be
stored in direct sunlight. The pipe shall be

355

IS 8

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

stored in a way to protect it from
mechanical damage (slitting, puncturing,
etc.). Exposure to sunlight during normal
construction periods is not harmful. PVC
solvent cements should be stored in a cool
place, except when actually in use at the job
site. The solvent cement manufacturer's
specific storage recommendations should be
followed. [UPC 313.0]

2.4.2 Alignment. Pipe and fittings shall be
aligned properly without strain.

2.4.3 Thermal Expansion. Pipe (except pipe
with elastomeric gasketed joints) shall be
"snaked" in the trench bottom with enough
slack, at least 6 inches (152.4 mm) per 100
feet (30480 mm), to compensate for thermal
expansion and contraction before stabilizing
piping. Stabilize piping by bringing it
approximately to operating temperature
before testing and backfilling by one of the
following methods:

(a) Shade backfill. Leave all joints
exposed so that they can be
examined during pressure test.

(b) Fill with water at operating
temperature.

(c) Allow to stand overnight.

2.4.4 Exposed Piping. Vertical piping may
extend a maximum of 24 in. (610 mm) above
grade when located on the exterior of the
building or structure and protected from
mechanical damage to the satisfaction of the
Administrative Authority. Where exposed
to sunlight, the pipe shall be wrapped with
at least 0.040 in. (1.0 mm) of tape or
otherwise protected from UV degradation.

2.5 Trenching, Cover and Backfill

2.5.1 Trenching and Cover. Trench bottoms
shall be uniformly graded and shall be of
either undisiturbed soil or shall consist of a
layer or layers of compacted backfill so that
minimum settlement will take place. [UPC
315.0]

2.5.2 Backfill. Selected backfill shall be used.
Tamp the backfill that is placed around the
pipe so as to provide firm continuous
support and proper compaction. Backfill at
least 12 inches (305 mm) over pipes, except
that joints shall be left exposed. After
inspection and pressure test, complete
backfill.

2.5.3 Elastomeric Joints. Backfill immediately
after installing pipe.

Note: This is to maintain equal spaces
within the joints for contraction and
expansion.

2.6 Joints

2.6.1 Solvent Cement Joints

2.6.1.1 Selection. Follow manufacturer's
recommendations for types of solvent
cement for such conditions as temperature
over 100°F (38°C), humidity over 60% or use
of Schedule 80 fittings. [UPC 316.0]

2.6.1.2 Handling (to maintain effectiveness).
Package solvent cement in containers no
larger than 1 quart (1 liter). Keep solvent
cement can closed and in the shade when not
in use. Keep applicator submerged in solvent
cement between applications. When solvent
cement becomes thicker, THROW IT AWAY.
Solvent cement shall NOT be thinned.

2.6.1.3 Size of Applicator. Applicator should be
about one half the pipe diameter. Do not use
small applicator on large pipes.

2.6.1.4 Primers. All solvent cement PVC joints
shall be made using a listed primer in
compliance with ASTM F 656 and as
specified in Section 316.1.6 of the UPC.

2.6.1.5 Application. Solvent cement shall be
applied deliberately, but without delay (two
men may be needed to make large joints).
Use special care when temperature is over
100°F (38°C) or humidity is over 60%.

2.6.1.6 Procedure

Note: Do not tal<e SHORT CUTS. Most
failures are caused by short cuts. DON'T

take a chance.

2.6.2 safety requirements and

precautions!

2.6.2.1 General. Solvents contained in PVC plastic
pipe cements are classified as airborne
contaminants and flammable and combustible
liquids. Precautions listed in this appendix
should be followed to avoid injury to personnel
and the hazard of fire.

2.6.2.2 Safety Precautions. Prolonged breathing of
solvent vapors should be avoided. When pipe
and fittings are being joined in partially
enclosed areas, a ventilating device should be
used in such a manner to minimize the entry
of vapors into the breathing areas.

2.6.2.3 Solvent cements should be kept away from all
sources of ignition, heat, sparks, and open
flame.

2.6.2.4 Containers for solvent cements should be
kept tightly closed except when the cement
is being used.

2.6.2.5 All rags and other materials used for
mopping up spills should be kept in a safety
waste receptacle which should be emptied
daily.

356

PVC COLD WATER BUILDING
SUPPLY AND YARD PIPING

2.6.2.6 Most of the solvents used in PVC pipe
cements can be considered eye irritants
and contact with the eye should be avoided
for it may cause eye injury. Proper eye
protection and the use of chemical goggles
or face shields is advisable where the
possibility of splashing exists in handling
solvent cements. In case of eye contact,
flush with plenty of water for 15 minutes and
call a physician immediately.

2.6.2.7 Repeated, contact with the skin should be
avoided. Proper gloves impervious to and
unaffected by the solvents should be worn
when frequent contact with the skin is likely.
Application of the solvents or solvent cements
with rags and bare hands is not recom-
mended. Brushes and other suitable
applicators can be used effectively for
applying the solvent cement, thus avoiding
skin contact. In the event of excessive
contact, remove contaminated clothing and
wash skin with soap and water.
CAUTION: Primers are toxic. Don't allow

them to touch skin. Suitable gloves
are advised.

Step 1. Cut pipe square with hand saw and
miter box, niechanical cut-off saw
or tube cutter designed for plastic.

Step 2. Ream and chamfer pipe (to
eUminate sharp edges, beads, and
all burrs).

Step 3. Clean all dirt, moisture and grease
from pipe and fitting socket. Use a
clean, dry rag.

Step 4. Check dry fit of pipe in fitting. Pipe
should enter fitting socket from 1/3
to 3/4 depth of socket.

Step 5. Soften inside socket surface by
applying an aggressive primer.

Step 6. Soften mating outside surface of
pipe to depth of socket by applying
a liberal coat of the (aggressive)
primer. Be sure entire surface is
softened.

Step 7. Again coat inside socket surface
with the (aggressive) primer. Then,
without delay, apply solvent
cement liberally to outside of pipe.
Use more than enough to fill any
gaps.

Step 8. Apply a light coat of PVC solvent
cement to inside of socket using
straight outward strokes (to keep
excess solvent out of socket). This is
also to prevent solvent cement damage
to pipe. For loose fits, apply a second

IS 8

coat of solvent cement. Time is
important at this stage. See Section
2.5.1.4.

Step 9. While both the inside socket surface
and the outside surface of the pipe
are SOFT and WET with solvent
cement, forcefully bottom the pipe
in the socket, giving the pipe a one-
quarter turn, if possible. The pipe
must go to the bottom of the socket.

Step 10. Hold the joint together until tight.

Step 11. Wipe excess cement from the pipe. A
properly made joint will normally
show a bead around its entire
perimeter. Any gaps may indicate
insufficient cement or the use of Ught
bodied cement on larger diameters
where heavy bodied cement should
have been used.

Step 12. Do not disturb joint for the
following periods:
30 minutes minimum at 60°F to
100°F (16°C to 38°C).

1 hour minimum at 40°F to 60°F
(4°C to 16°C).

2 hours minimum at 20°F to 40°F (-
7°C to 4°C).

4 hours minimum at 0°F to 20°F (-
18°C to -7°C).

Handle the newly assembled joints
carefully during these periods. If
gaps (step 11) or loose fits are
encountered in the system, double
these periods.
Step 13. The system shall not be pressurized
until the joints have cured (set) at
least as long as recommended by the
manufacturer. If manufacturer's
recommendation is not available, the
following cure times are required:

2.6.3 Threaded Joints. Joints shall be tightened
approximately 1/2 turn past hand tight,
using a strap wrench.

Caution: Handtight refers to number of
threads to reach handtight with metal pipe.
Pipe can be bottomed in small sizes of PVC
by hand pressure alone. Do not overtighten.

2.6.4 Elastomeric Gaslceted Joints, Procedure:
Step 1. For field cuts, cut end of pipe

square with handsaw and miter
box, mechanical saw or a tube
cutter designed for plastic.

Step 2. Ream and bevel end of pipe (unless
already done by manufacturer).

Step 3. If dirty, remove gasket, dean gasket and
groove and replace ring.

357

IS 8

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Step 4. Mark pipe in a contrasting color to
indicate the proper insertion depth
as recommended by the manufac-
turer (unless already done by
manufacturer).

Step 5. Apply lubricant recommended by
pipe manufacturer to end of pipe. Do
not apply lubricant to gasket or the
groove unless otherwise specifically
recommended by the manufacturer.

Step 6. Insert pipe into fitting imtil mark on
pipe is even with fitting.
Note: This depth of insertion is
required to properly allow for thermal
expansion and contraction. During
joint assembly, the previously
installed length of pipe should be
held so that the existing joints are
not pushed together or pulled apart.
DO NOT USE METAL STRAPS,
CHAINS (OR THE LIKE) FOR
ASSEMBLY.

2.7 Material

2.7.1 Location. PVC piping shall be installed
only outside the foundation of any building
or structure or parts thereof. It shall be
buried in the ground for its entire length
except vertical piping may be extended
above grade per Section 2.4.4. It shall not be
installed within or under any building or
structure or mobile home or commercial
coach or parts thereof. The term "building or
structure or parts thereof" shall include

TABLE 1
IVIINIIVIUI\/I CURE TIIVIE, IN
TEST PRESSURE FOR

structures such as porches and steps,
whether roofed or not, roofed porte-
cocheres, roofed patios, carports, covered
walks, covered driveways and similar
structures or appurtenances. [UFC.604.0]

2.8 Installation, Testing, and Identification

2.8.1 Deflection. Elastomeric gasketed pipe may be
deflected in accordance with the manu-
facturer's recommendations provided that it
shall not be permanently staked or blocked to
maintain this deflection. [UPC 609.0]

2.8.2 Maximum Working Pressure. Maximum
working pressure shall be as follows (see
chart on following page).

2.8.3 Saddles. PVC pressure pipe saddles are
limited to underground use outside the
building. The branch of the saddle shall be a
minimum of two pipe sizes smaller than the
main. Saddles shall be installed as required
by their listings.

2.8.4 Thrust Blocking. In lines with rubber
gasketed joints, thrust blocks shall be
installed at all:

(a) Changes in direction, as at tees and bends

(b) Changes in size, as at reducers

(c) Stops, as at dead ends

(d) Valves, where thrusts may be expected.
Thrust block sizes shall be based on the
maximum line pressure, pipe size and kind
of soil. Refer to Table 2 for thrust at fittings
for a pressure of 100 psi (689 kPa).

HOURS*
PIPE

Sizes 1/2"
(12.7 mm)

to 1-1/4"
(32 mm)

Sizes 1-1/2" to 3"
(38 mm) (76 mm)

Sizes 3-1/2" to 8"
(89 mm) (203 mm)

Temperature

Range

During

Cure

Period

Up to

180 psi

(1240.2

kPa)

Above 180
to 370 psi
(1240.2 to

2549.3 kPa)

Up to

180 psi

(1240.2

kPa)

Above 180
to 315 psi
(1240.2 to

2170.4 kPa)

Up to

180 psi

(1240.2

kPa)

Above 180
to 315 psi
(1240.2 to

2170.4 kPa)

60°F-100°F
(16°C-38°C)

Ihr

6hr

2hr

12 hr

6hr

24 hr

40°F-60°F
(4°C-16°C)

2hr

12 hr

4hr

24 hr

12 hr

48 hr

10°F-40°F
(-12°C+4°C)

8hr

48 hr

16 hr

96 hr

48 hr

8 days

*If gaps or loose fits are encountered in the system, double these cure times.

358

PVC COLD WATER BUILDING
SUPPLY AND YARD PIPING

TABLE 2
THRUST AT FITTINGS IN POUNDS AT 100 psi

Pipe Size

90°

45°

22-1/2°

Dead Ends

Inches

Bends

Bends

Bends

and Tees

1-1/2

415

225

115

295

2

645

350

180

455

2-1/2

935

510

260

660

3

1395

755

385

985

3-1/2

1780

962

495

1260

4

2295

1245

635

1620

5

3500

1900

975

2490

6

4950

2710

1385

3550

8

8300

4500

2290

5860

10

12,800

6900

3540

9050

12

18,100

9800

5000

12,800

TABLE 3

THRUST AT FITTINGS IN PASCALS AT

689 kPa OF WATER PRESSURE

Example for Table 2:

For a pressure of 150 psi (1033.5 kPa) on a
4 inch (102 mm) tee. Table 2 indicates
1620 pounds (7209 N) for 100 psi (689
kPa). Therefore, total thrust for 150 psi
(1033.5 kPa) will equal 1-1/2 times 1620
poimds (7209 N) for a total thrust of 2430
poimds (10810 N).

To determine the bearing area of thrust
blocks, refer to Table 4 for the safe
bearing load of the soil and divide the
total thrust by this safe bearing load.

TABLE 4
SAFE BEARING LOADS OF VARIOUS SOILS

Safe Bearing Load

Soil Lbs./sq. ft.

kPa

Mulch, Peat, etc.

Soft Clay

1000

6890

Sand

2000

13,780

Sand and Gravel

3000

20,670

Sand and Gravel Cement

with Clay

4000

27,360

Hard Shale

10,000

68,900

Example:

2.9
2.9.1

2.9.2

Pipe Size

90°

45°

22-1/2°

Dead Ends

mm

Bends

Bends

Bends

and Tees

2.9.3

38

1846.8

1001.3

511.8

1312.8

51

2870.3

1557.5

801.0

2024.8

64

4160.8

2269.5

1157.0

3937.0

76

6207.8

3359.8

1713.3

4383.3

2.10

89

7921.0

4280.9

2202.8

5607.0

2.10.1

102

10,212.8

5540.3

2815.8

7209.0

127

15,575.0

8455.0

4338.8

11,080.5

152

22,027.5

12,059.5

6163.3

15,797.5

203

36,935.0

20,025.0

10,190.5

26,077.0

254

56,960.0

30,705.0

15,753.0

40,272.5

305

80,545.0

43,610.0

22,250.0

56,960.0

18 8

Assume a 4000 pound (17,800 N) total
thrust was computed. The soil condition
is sand. The required bearing area of the
thrust block is 4,000 lbs. (17,800 N)
divided by 2000 lbs. (13, 780 kPa) or 2
square feet (0. 19 rrf).

Testing

Rubber Gasketed Joints. Properly
sized thrust blocks, either permanent or
temporary, shall be installed at ail
required points before testing. See
Section 2.8.4. When concrete thrust
blocks are installed, wait at least 24
hours before pressure testing.
Solvent Cement Joints. The entire
system shall be purged before testing to
eliminate all solvent cement vapors and
air.

CAUTION: Water test only.
Identification. A label shall be fastened
to the main electrical meter panel
stating, "This structure has a
nonmetallic water service".
Sizing

Piping shall be sized in accordance with
UPC Section 610.0. When UPC
Appendix A is applicable, use UPC
Chart A-5 (Fairly smooth). Flow
velocity shall not exceed 8 fps (2.4 m/s).
[UPC 610.0]

This standard is a combination of sections from the
previous standards IS 8 and IS 14. IS 8 was originally
adopted in 1968 and revised in 1971, 1972, 1973, and
1975. IS 14 was originally adopted in 1972 and
revised in 1975. Upon adoption of this rewrite, IS 14
was deleted.

Rewrite ratified by membership: 1978

Revised: 1980, 1981, 1984, 1986, 1989, 1991,

1992,1995,2003

^ Appendix XI, Safety Requirements and Precautions from
ASTM D 2564 Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings is reprinted with permission
from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916
Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, copyright.

359

IS 8

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE 5

Fittings

Schedule

Sizes 1

Maximum

Pipe

Working Pressure

160 psi (SDR 26)

40

l/2"thru8"incL

160 psi - 1102.4 kPa

(1102.4 kPa)

(12.7 mm - 203 mm)

80

l/2"thru8"incL
(12.7 mm - 203 mm)

160 psi- 1102.4 kPa

200 psi (SDR 21)

40

l/2"thru4"incL

200 psi - 1378 kPa

(1378 kPa)

(12.7 mm - 102 mm)

80

l/2"thru8"incL
(12.7 mm - 203 mm)

200 psi - 1378 kPa

250 psi (SDR 17)

40

l/2"thru3"incL

250 psi - 1722.5 kPa

(1722.5 kPa)

(12.7 mm - 76 mm)

80

1/2" thru 8" incL
(12.7 mm - 203 mm)

250 psi - 1722.5 kPa

315 psi (SDR 13.5)

40

1/2" thru 1-1/2" incl.

315 psi - 2170.4 kPa

(2170.4 kPa)

(12.7 mm - 38 mm)

80

1/2" thru 4" incl
(12.7 mm - 102 mm)

315 psi - 2170.4 kPa

Schedule 40

40

1/2" thru 1-1/2" incl

320 psi - 2204.8 kPa

80

(12.7 mm - 38 mm)

40

2" thru 4" incl

220 psi - 1515.8 kPa

80

(51 mm - 102 mm)

40

5" thru 8" incl.
(127 rmn - 203 mm)

160 psi - 1102.4 kPa

Schedule 80

40

1/2" thru 1-1/2" ii\cL
(12.7 mm - 38 mm)

320 psi - 2204.8 kPa

40

2" thru 4" incl.
(51mm - 102 mm)

220 psi - 1515.8 kPa

40

5" thru 8" incl.
(127 mm - 203 mm)

160 psi - 1102.4 kPa

80

l/2"thru4"incL
(12.7 mm - 102 nrnr)

320 psi - 2204.8 kPa

80

5" thru 8" incl.
(127 mm - 203 mm)

250 psi - 1722.5 kPa

360

PVC COLD WATER BUILDING
SUPPLY AND YARD PIPING

LOCATION OF THRUST BLOCKS

(Standard and metric combined)

A Comparison of Tlirust-Blocl< Areas

IS 8

'M*UiirtrrtLi.ttalir»iiii*ii<iif

Figure 1

361

IS 8

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

16 sq. ft.
(1.49 m2)

6" Class 150 (152 mm)

10" Class 150 (254 mm)

Figure 2

362

Installation Standard

For

PVC BUILDING DRAIN, WASTE AND VENT PIPE AND FITTINGS

lAPMO IS 9-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This installation standard shall apply to
PVC building drain, waste, and vent
systems as governed by the Uniform
Plumbing Code. Material Standard ASTM
D2665, "Standard Specification for Poly
(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste
and Vent Pipe and Fittings", shall form part
of this installation standard.

1.2 Installation, material and inspection shall
comply with the current edition of the
Uniform Plumbing Code [UPC]™
published by the International Association
of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials and
shall also comply with this standard.

Note: The Building Official shall be consulted about
penetration of fire separations, height and
area, or other limitations.

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code apply.

704.4 Closet Flanges
707.1 Cleanout Fittings
903.0 Materials (Venting)
903.4 Straining or Bending Pipe
1003.0 Traps Described
1101.3 Materials Uses
Table 14-1 Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 2665 D 2122

ASTM D 3311^

ABBREVIATIONS

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
lAPMO International Association of Plumbing and

Mechanical Officials
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code

2.0
2.1
2.1.1

2.1.2

01.4.1.1

Repair and Alterations

103.5

Inspections

2.1.3

103.5.3

Testing of Systems

218.0

Definition PVC

301.1

Minimum Standards

2.1.3.1

311.8

Screwed Fittings

2.1.4

310.0

Workmanship

311.0

Prohibited Fittings and
Practices

2.1.4.1

313.0

Protection of Piping,

2.2

Materials and Structures

2.2.1

314.0

Hangers and Supports

316.1.6

Type of Joints - Solvent
Cement Plastic Pipe Joints

316.2

Special Joints

316.3

Flanged Fixture Connections

316.4

Prohibited Joints and
Connections

317.0

Increasers and Reducers

701.0

Materials (Drainage)

PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

Minimum Standards

Pipe. PVC pipe markings shall be in

accordance with D 2665.^ [UPC 301.1.2]

Fittings. PVC fitting markings shall be in

accordance with D 2665 or D 3311. [UPC

301.1.2]

Solvent Cement. Solvent cement label

markings shall be in accordance with D

2564.

Solvent cements shall not be purple in color.

Primers. Primer container markings shall

be in accordance with F 656.

Primer shall be purple.

Workmanship
Alignment

All piping systems components shall be
aligned properly without strain. Pipe shall
not be bent or pulled into position. Vertical
piping shall be maintained in straight
alignment between floors with midstory
guides.

Pipe and fittings shall be so positioned that
identifying markings shall be readily visible
for inspection. [UPC 310.0]

^ Although referenced in this standard, some of the fittings shown in the standard are not acceptable under the Uniform Plumbing
Code.

^ It is common practice to dual mark Schedule 40 DWV and potable water piping in which compliance with each applicable
standard is met.

363

IS 9

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.3 Protection of Piping

2.3.1 Storage

Pipe and fittings should not be stored in
direct sunlight; however, exposure to
sunlight during normal construction periods
is not considered harmful. Pipe shall be
stored in such a manner as to prevent
sagging or bending. [UPC 313.0]

2.3.2 Expansion and Contraction

Thermal expansion and contraction of
plastic drain waste and vent systems shall
be taken into consideration. Thermal
expansion and contraction may be
controlled by several methods: offset,
expansion joints, or restraints.
Regardless of method utilized, certain
conditions shall be met:

(a) Support, but do not rigidly restrain
piping at changes of direction.

(b) Do not anchor pipe rigidly in walls.

(c) Holes through framing members must
be adequately sized to allow for free
movement.

DWV installation with frequent changes in
direction will compensate for thermal
expansion and contraction.
Expansion joints may be utilized in vertical
straight runs in excess of 30 feet (9144 mm)
provided they are installed per
manufacturer's installation instructions.
Except piping buried below ground,
horizontal and vertical piping should be
installed with restraint fittings or a
minimum of 24 inches (610 mm) 45° offset
every 30 feet (9144 mm). Thermal expansion
for installation subject to temperature
changes may be determined from Table 3-1.
The linear expansion shown is independent
of the diameter of the pipe.

2.3.3 Exposed Piping

Piping shall not be exposed to direct
sunlight. Exception: Vent piping through
roof. Plumbing vents through roof, exposed
to sunlight, shall be protected by water base
synthetic latex paints.

Adequate support shall be provided where
PVC piping is exposed to wind, snow and
ice loading.

2.3.4 Protection from Damage

Piping passing through wood studs or

plates shall be protected from puncture by

minimum 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) thick steel

plate.

Piping shall be protected from concrete

form oil.

2.3.5 Anti-Freeze Protection

PVC pipe and traps can be protected from
freezing by the use of one of the following
solutions of mixtures:

(a) 4 quarts (3.8 liters) of water mixed with
5 quarts (4.8 liters) of glycerol

(b) 2-1/2 lbs. (1.1 kg) of magnesium
chloride dissolved in one (1) gallon (3.8
liters) of water

(c) 3 lbs. (1.4 kg) of table salt dissolved in
one (1) gallon (3.8 liters) of water.

The salt solutions are effective to
approximately 10°F (-12°C). If lower
temperatures are anticipated, the pipe
should be drained or the glycerol solution
should be used.

2.4 Piping Installed in Fire Resistive
Construction

Where piping is installed and penetrates
required fire resistive construction, the fire
resistive integrity of the construction shall
be as required by the Administrative
Authority, or when not established by the
Building Code, by qualified testing methods
approved by the Administrative Authority.
Approval shall be obtained prior to
installing any such piping.

2.5.0 Hangers and Supports

2.5.1 Abrasion

Hangers and straps shall not compress,
distort, cut, or abrade the piping and shall
allow free movement of pipe. Pipe, exposed
to damage by sharp surfaces, shall be
protected. [UPC 314.0]

2.5.2 Support

Support all horizontal piping at intervals of
not more than four (4) feet (1219 mm), at
end of branches, and at change of direction
or elevation. Supports shall allow free
movement, but shall restrict upward
movement of lateral runs so as not to create
reverse grade. Vertical piping shall be
supported at each story or floor level.
Alignment of vertical piping shall be
maintained between floors with the use of a
mid-story guide. Support trap arms in
excess of three (3) feet (915 mm) in length as
close as possible to the trap. Closet flanges
shall be securely fastened with corrosive
resistant fasteners to the floor with top
surface one-quarter (1/4) inch (6.4 mm)
above finish floor.

364

PVC BUILDING DWV PIPE AND FITTINGS

IS 9

TABLE 1

PVC-DWV TYPE I

THERMAL EXPANSION TABLE

Chart Shows Length Change in Inches

vs. Degrees Temperature Change

Coefficient of Linear Expansion: e = 2.9 x lO'^ in/in °F

Length

(feet)

40T

SOT

60T

70°F

SOT

SOT

100T

20

0.278

0.348

0.418

0.487

0.557

0.626

0.696

40

0.557

0.696

0.835

0.974

1.114

1.235

1.392

60

0.835

1.044

1.253

1.462

1.670

1.879

2.088

80

1.134

1.392

1.670

1.949

2.227

2.506

2.784

100

1.392

1.740

2.088

2.436

2.784

3.132

3.480

TABLE 1 (Metric)

PVC-DWV TYPE I

THERMAL EXPANSION TABLE

Chart Shows Length Change in Millimeters

vs. Degrees Temiperature Change

Coefficient of Linear Expansion: o.2 mm

mm

°C

Length

(mm)

4X

10X

16°C

2rc

2TC

32°C

38°C

6096

7.1

8.8

10.6

12.4

14.2

15.9

17.7

12192

14.2

17.7

21.2

24.7

28.3

31.4

35.4

18288

21.2

26.5

31.8

37.1

42.4

47.7

53.0

24384

28.8

35.4

42.4

49.5

56.6

63.7

70.7

30480

35.4

44.2

53.0

61.9

70.7

79.6

88.4

Example:

Highest temperature expected 100°F (38°C)

Lowest temperature expected 50° F (10°C)

-50^(1O°C)-
Length of run - 60 feet (18288 mm) from chart, read 1.044 inches (26.5 mm)
linear expansion that must be provided for.

2.6 Traps

2.6.1 Connection to Traps

Traps shall be connected by means of listed
trap adapters. [UPC 1003.0]

2.7 Joints

2.7.1 Caulked Joints

Make connections or transitions to bell-and-
spigot cast iron soil pipe fittings, and to bell-
and-spigot pipe and fittings of other
materials with listed mechanical
compression joints designed for this use, or
caulked joints made in an approved manner.
In caulking, pack the joint with oakum or
hemp and fill with molten lead to a depth of
not less than one (1) inch (25.4 mm). Allow a
period of four (4) minutes for cooling.

following which, caulk the lead at the inside
and outside edges of the joint. Lead shall not
be overheated. [UPC 705.1.1]

2.7.2 Solvent Cement Joints

(Additional information is available in
ASTM D2855.)

2.7.3 Selection. Follow manufacturer's recom-
mendations for type of solvent cement for
such conditions as temperature over 100°F
(38°C), or humidity over 60%.

2.7.4 Handling (to maintain effectiveness).
Solvent cement and primer containers no
larger than 1 quart (1 liter) should be used in
the field (to avoid thickening due to
evaporation). Keep containers closed and in
the shade when not in use. Keep applicator

365

IS 9

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.7.6

2.7.7

submerged in solvent cement between
applications. When solvent cement becomes
thicker, THROW IT AWAY. Solvent cement
shall NOT be thinned.

2.7.5 Size of Applicator. Applicator should be
about one-half the pipe diameter. Do not use
small applicator on large pipes. Ordinary
pure bristle paint brushes or applicators
furnished with product are satisfactory.
[UPC 316.1.6]

Primers. A listed primer in compliance
with ASTM F 656 shall be used on all PVC
DWV joints.

Application. Solvent cement and primer
shall be applied deliberately, but without
delay (two men may be needed to make
large joints). Use special care when
temperature is over 100°F (38°C) or
humidity is over 60%.

2.7.8 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND
PRECAUTIONS

2.7.8.1 General. Solvents contained in PVC plastic
pipe cements are classified as airborne
contaminants and flammable and
combustible liquids. Precautions listed in
this appendix should be followed to avoid
injury to personnel and the hazard of fire.

2.7.8.2 Safety Precautions. Prolonged breathing
of solvent vapors should be avoided. When
pipe and fittings are being joined in partially
enclosed areas, a ventilating device should
be used in such a manner to minimize the
entry of vapors into the breathing areas.

2.7.8.3 Solvent cements should be kept away from
all sources of ignition, heat, sparks, and
open flame.

2.7.8.4 Containers for solvent cements should be
kept tightly closed except when the cement
is being used.

2.7.8.5 All rags and other materials used for
mopping up spills should be kept in a safety
waste receptacle which should be emptied
daily.

2.7.8.6 Most of the solvents used in PVC pipe
cements can be considered eye irritants and
contact with the eye should be avoided for it
may cause eye injury. Proper eye protection
and the use of chemical goggles or face
shields is advisable where the possibility of
splashing exists in handling solvent
cements. In case of eye contact, flush with
plenty of water for 15 minutes and call a
physician immediately.

2.7.8.7 Repeated contact with the skin should be
avoided. Proper gloves impervious to and
unaffected by the solvents should be worn

when frequent contact with the skin is likely.
Application of the solvents or solvent
cements with rags and bare hand not
recommended. Brushes and other suitable
applicators can be used effectively for
applying the solvent cement, thus avoiding
skin contact. In the event of excessive
contact, remove contaminated clothing and
wash skin with soap and water.

Step 1 Cut pipe square with hand saw and
miter box, mechanical cut-off saw
or tube cutter designed for plastic.

Step 2 Ream inside and chamfer outside of
pipe (to eliminate all burrs).

Step 3 Clean all dirt, moisture and grease
from pipe and socket. Use a clean,
dry rag.

Step 4 Check dry fit of pipe in fitting. Pipe
should enter fitting socket from 1/3
to 3/4 depth of socket.

Step 5 Soften inside socket surface by
applying an aggressive primer.

Step 6 Soften mating outside surface of
pipe to depth of socket by applying
a liberal coat of the (aggressive)
primer. Be sure the entire surface is
softened.

Step 7 Again coat inside socket surface
with the (aggressive) primer. Then,
without delay, apply solvent
cement liberally to outside of pipe.
Use more than enough to fill any
gaps.

Step 8 Apply a light coat of PVC solvent
cement to inside of socket using
straight outward strokes (to keep
excess solvent out of socket). This
is also to prevent solvent cement
damage to pipe. For loose fits,
apply a second coat of solvent
cement. Time is important at this
stage. See Section 2.7.6.

Step 9 While both the inside socket surface
and the outside surface of the pipe
are SOFT and WET with solvent
cement, forcefully bottom the pipe
in the socket, giving the pipe a one-
quarter turn, if possible. The pipe
must go to the bottom of the socket.

Step 10 Hold the joint together until tight.
(Partial set).

Step 11 Wipe excess cement from the pipe.
A properly made joint will
normally show a bead around its
entire perimeter. Any gaps may

366

PVC BUILDING DWV PIPE AND FITTINGS IS 9

indicate insufficient cement or the
use of light bodied cement on larger
diameters where heavy bodied
cement should have been used.
Step 12 The system shall not be tested until
the joints have cured (set) at least as
long as recommended by the
manufacturer.

2.7.9 Threaded Joints

Listed adapter fittings shall be used for the
transition to threaded connections. No
threaded PVC female fitting(s) or joint(s)
shall be located in a non-accessible location.
The joint between the PVC pipe and adapter
fittings shall be of the solvent cement type.
Only listed thread tape or thread lubricant,
specifically intended for use with plastics,
shall be used. Conventional pipe thread
compounds, putty, linseed oil base products,
and unknown mixtures shall not be used.
Pipe and fittings which have come in contact
with the above non-approved mixtures shall
be removed and replaced with new
materials.

Where a threaded joint is made, obtain
tightness by maximum hand tightening plus
additional tightening with a strapwrench
not to exceed one full turn.

2.7.10 Special Joints

2.7.10.1 Connection to Non-Plastic Pipe

When cormecting plastic pipe to other types
of piping, use listed fittings and adapters
designed for the specific use intended. [UPC
316.2]

2.7.1 1 Prohibited Joints and Connections

(a) Drainage System - Any fitting or
connection which has an enlargement,
chamber or recess with a ledge,
shoulder, or reduction of pipe area, that
offers an obstruction to flow through
the drain is prohibited.

(b) No fitting or connection that offers
abnormal obstruction to flow shall be
used. The enlargement of a three (3)
inch (76 mm) closet bend or stub to four
(4) inches (102 mm) shall not be
considered an obstruction. [UPC 316.4]

ADOPTED: 1968

REVISED: 1971, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1981,

1982, 1983, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991,

1992,1995,2003

367

IS 9 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

368

Installation Standard

For

ABS SEWER PIPE AND FITTINGS

I APMO IS 11-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1 .1 This Installation Standard shall apply to ABS,
Building Sewer Pipe and Fittings as governed
by the Uniform Plumbing Code. Material
Standard ASTM D 2751, Standard
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-
Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings shall
form part of this Installation Standard.
Materials shall be limited to building sewers
receiving domestic sewage excluding special
and industrial waste.

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code apply.

103.5

Inspection and Testing

101.4.1.1

Repairs and Alterations

203.0

Definition ABS

206.0

Domestic Sewage

301.1

Minimum Standards

310.0

Workmanship

312.0

Independent Systen\s

313.3 and 313.4

Protection of Piping, Materials,

2.3

and Structures

2.3.1

314.0

Hangers and Supports

315.0

Trenching, Excavation, and
Backfill

316.1

Types of Joint

317.0

Increasers / Reducers

705.1.1

Caulked Joints

705.1.7

Elastomeric Gasketed and

Rubber-Ring Joints

2.4

713.0

Sewer Required

2.4.1

715.0

Building Sewer Materials

718.0

Grade, Support, and Protection
of Building Sewers

719.0

Cleanouts

.720.0

Sewer and Water Pipes

723.0

Building Sewer Test

Table 14-1

ASTM D2751'

O IT

1 Although this standard is referenced in Table 14-1, some of
the tube or fittings shown in the standard are not acceptable
for use under the Uniform Plumbing Code.

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards

2.1.1 Pipe. ABS pipe is furnished in straight
lengths. Refer to Tables in D 2751 for
dimensions and tolerances for pipe and pipe
sockets.

ABS pipe markings shall be in accordance
with D 2751. [UPC 301.1.2]

2.1.2 Fittings. Refer to Tables in ASTM D 2751
for dimensions and tolerances for fitting
sockets, spigots, and laying lengths.

ABS fitting markings shall be in accordance
with D 2751. [UPC 301.1.2]

2.1.3 Solvent Cement. Solvent cement shall be
as specified in ASTM Standard D 2235.
Solvent cement label markings shall be in
accordance with D 2235.

2.2 Workmanship

All piping system components shall be
aligned properly without strain. Pipe shall
not be bent or pulled into position after
being solvent cemented. Pipe and fittings
shall be so positioned that identifying
markings shall be readily visible for
inspection. [UPC 310.0]

Protection of Piping
Storage

Pipe and fittings should not be stored for
long periods in direct sunlight. However,
exposure to direct sunlight during normal
construction periods is not harmful. Pipe
shall be stored in such a manner as to
prevent sagging or bending.

Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill
Trenching

The width of the trench at any point below
the top of the pipe should not be greater
than necessary to provide adequate room
for joining the pipe and compacting the side
fills. [UPC 315.0]

2.5 Alignment and Grade

The pipe should be bedded true to line and
grade, uniformly and continuously
supported on firm, stable material.
Blocking shall not be used to bring the pipe
to grade. The bedding shall conform to
Section 718.0 of the Uniform Plumbing
Code.

2.6 Backfill

The backfill shall conform to Section 315.4
of the Uniform Plumbing Code.

369

IS 11

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.7 Joints

2.7.1 Caulked Joints

Make connections or transitions to bell-and-
spigot cast iron soil pipe and fittings, and to
bell-and-spigot pipe and fittings of other
materials with approved mechanical
compression joints designed for this use, or
caulked joints made in an approved
manner. In caulking, pack the joint w^ith
oakum or hemp and fill with molten lead to
a depth of not less than one (1) inch (25.4
mm). Allow a period of four (4) minutes for
cooling, following which, caulk the lead at
the inside and outside edges of the joint.
Lead shall not be overheated. [UPC 705.1.1]
Note: Caulked joints should be avoided if
possible.

2.7.2 Gasket-Type Joints

Pipe shall be cut square with saws or pipe
cutters designed specifically for plastic pipe;
protect pipe and fittings from serrated
holding devices and abrasion.

1. Wipe the pipe spigot, rubber gasket,
and inside of the socket clean of all dirt
and moisture.

2. Coat the socket and gasket evenly with
a vegetable base paste lubricant.

3. Slide the gasket on the spigot and
against the backup ring and snap it to
remove any twist.

4. Force the spigot into the socket. Check
that the joint is properly connected by
using any thin feeler gauge that the
gasket is not looped back over the
backup ring.

2.7.3 Solvent Cement Joints

2.7.3.1 Selection. Solvent cement shall be
recommended for ABS by the manufacturer.
Follow manufacturer's recommendations
for types of solvent cement for such
conditions as temperature over 100°F
(38°C), or humidity over 60%.

2.7.3.2 Handling (to maintain effectiveness).
Solvent cement containers no larger than 1
quart (1 liter) should be used in the field (to
avoid thickening due to evaporation). Keep
container closed and in the shade when not
in use. Keep applicator submerged in
solvent cement between applications. When
solvent cement becomes thicker, THROW IT
AWAY. Solvent cement shall NOT be
thinned.

2.7.3.3 Size of Applicator. Applicator should be
about one half the pipe diameter. Do not
use small applicator on large pipes.
Ordinary pure bristle paint brush or

applicators furnished with product are

satisfactory.
2.7.3.4 Application. Solvent cement shall be

applied deliberately, but without delay (two

men may be needed to make large joints).

Use special care when temperature is over

100°F (38°C) or humidity is over 60%.
2.7.4 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND

PRECAUTIONS

2.7.4.1 General. Solvents contained in ABS plastic
pipe cements are classified as airborne
contaminants and flammable and
combustible liquids. Precautions listed in
this appendix should be followed to avoid
injury to personnel and the hazard of fire.

2.7.4.2 Safety Precautions. Prolonged breathing
of solvent vapors should be avoided. When
pipe and fittings are being joined in partially
enclosed areas, a ventilating device should
be used in such a manner to minimize the
entry of vapors into the breathing areas.

2.7.4.3 Solvent cements should be kept away from
all sources of ignition, heat, sparks, and
open flame.

2.7.4.4 Containers for solvent cements should be
kept tightly closed except when the cement
is being used.

2.7.4.5 AH rags and other materials used for mopping
up spills should be kept in a safety waste
receptacle which should be emptied daily.

2.7.4.6 Most of the solvents used in ABS pipe
cements can be considered eye irritants and
contact with the eye should be avoided for it
may cause eye injury. Proper eye protection
and the use of chemical goggles or face
shields is advisable where the possibility of
splashing exists in handling solvent
cements. In case of eye contact, flush with
plenty of water for 15 minutes and call a
physician immediately.

2.7.4.7 Repeated contact w^ith the skin should be
avoided. Proper gloves impervious to and
unaffected by the solvents should be worn
when frequent contact with the skin is
likely. Application of the solvents or solvent
cements with rags and bare hand is not
recommended. Brushes and other suitable
applicators can be used effectively for
applying the solvent cement, thus avoiding
skin contact. In the event of excessive
contact, remove contaminated clothing and
wash skin with soap and water.

Step 1 Cut pipe square with hand saw and
miter box, mechanical cut-off saw,
or tube cutter designed for plastic.

370

ABS SEWER PIPE AND FITTINGS IS 1 1

Step 2 Ream inside and chamfer outside of

pipe (to eliminate all burrs).
Step 3 Clean all dirt, moisture, and grease

from pipe and socket. Use a clean,

dry rag.
Step 4 Check dry fit of pipe in fitting. Pipe

should enter fitting socket from 1/3

to 3/4 depth of socket.
Step 5 Apply a light coat of ABS solvent

cement to inside of socket using

straight outward strokes (to keep

excess solvent out of socket). This is

also to prevent solvent cement

damage to pipe. For loose fits,

apply a second coat of solvent

cement. Time is important at this

stage. See Section 2.7.3.4.
Step 6 While both the inside socket surface

and the outside surface of the pipe

are SOFT and WET with solvent

cement, forcefully bottom the pipe

in the socket, giving the pipe a one-
quarter turn, if possible. The pipe

must go to the bottom of the socket.
Step 7 Hold the joirit together until tight

(partial set).
Step 8 Wipe excess cement from the pipe.

A properly made joint will normally

show a bead around its entire

perimeter. Any gaps may indicate

insufficient cement or the use of

light bodied cement on larger

diameters where heavy bodied

cement should have been used.
Step 9 The system shall not be tested until

the joints have cured (set) at least as

long as recommended by the

manufacturer.
2.7.5 Special Joints
2.7.5.1 Connection to Non-Plastic Pipe

When connecting plastic pipe to other types
piping, use only approved types of fittings
and adapters, designed for the specific
transition intended.

ADOPTED: 1976
REVISED: 1981, 1987, 2003

371

IS 1 1 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

372

Installation Standard

For

POLYETHYLENE (PE) FOR GAS YARD PIPING

lAPMO IS 12-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1 .1 This standard shall govern the installation of
polyethylene (PE) natural and liquified
petroleum gas yard piping. Installation,
material and inspection shall comply with
the current edition of the Uniform Plumbing
Code [UPC]TM published by the
International Association of Plumbing and
Mechanical Officials and shall also comply
with this standard.

Note: The following sections of tfie Uniform
Plumbing Code apply to PE gas piping:

202.0
310.0
313.0

314.0

315.0

316.2.3

Chapter 12

1204.3.2

1210.1

1211.19

1213.0

1218.0

Table 14-1

Definition of PE

Workmanship

Protection of Piping, Materials and

Structures

Hangers and Supports

Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill

Plastic Pipe to Other Materials

Fuel Piping

Final Piping Inspection

Location of PE

Tracer Wire

Liquified Petroleum Gas Facilities

and Piping

Medium Pressure Gas Piping

Systems

Materials:

Pipe and Tube

PE3406

PE2306
Fittings:
Copper Alloy
PE2306,
PE2406

PE3408
ASTM D 2513
PE2406

ANSI B16.26
PE3408
PE3406
ASTM D 2513

ABBREVIATIONS

ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASTM American Society for Testing and

Materials
lAPMO International Association of Plumbing

and Mechanical Officials
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code published by

lAPMO

2.0
2.1
2.1.1

2.1.2

2.1.3

2.1.4

2.2
2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.3
2.3.1

PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

Minimum Standards

Materials. Pipe, tubing, and fittings shall

conform to the appropriate standards in

Table 14-1 of the Uniform Plumbing Code.

See note ahead of Chapter 2 of this

standard. [UPC 301.1]

Pipe. PE pipe is plastic of 1/2 inch (12.7

mm) or larger size. One-half inch (12.7

mm) pipe shall be SDR 9. Pipe sizes less

than 3 inches (76 mm) shall be SDR 11.

Pipes 3 inches (76 mm) and larger shall be

SDR 11.5 or lower*.

Tubing. PE tubing is plastic and shall be

limited to the following:

Tubing Size

Inches (mm) SDR*

1/4 (6,4) 6

3/8 (9.5) 8

1/2 (12.7) 7

*Note: The lower the SDR number, the

thicker the wall.

Fittings. Heat fusion fittings shall be PE
2306, PE 2406, PE 3408, PE 3406, or other
listed materials. Mechanical connectors
for PE pipe and tubing and for transition
fittings shall be approved compression
type couplings or other special listed
joints.

Markings

Pipe and Tubing. Pipe and tubing

markings shall be in accordance with D

2513. [UPC 301.1.2]

Fittings. Fitting markings shall be in

accordance with D 2513 or B16.26. [UPC

301.1.2]

Position of Markings. The identifying

markings on pipe, tubing, and fittings

shall be visible for inspection without

moving materials.

Protection of Piping

Storage. Unprotected pipe should not be
stored in direct sunlight. The pipe shall
be stored in a way to protect it from
mechanical damage (slitting, puncturing,
etc.). Exposure to sunlight during normal
construction periods is not harmful. [UPC
313.0]

373

IS 12

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.4 Thermal Expansion

2.4.1 Snaking. The pipe and tubing shall be
"snaked" in the trench bottoni with enough
slack to provide for thermal expansion and
contraction before stabilizing. The normal
slack created by residual coiling is generally
sufficient for this purpose. If, however, the
pipe has been allowed to straighten before
it is placed in the trench, 6 inches (152 mm)
per 100 feet (30480 mm) of pipe length shall
be allowed for this purpose.

2.4.2 Stabilizing. Pipe and tubing temperature
shall be stabilized by one of the following
n\ethods:

(a) Shade backfill. Leave all joints
exposed so they can be examined
during the pressure test.

(b) Allow to stand overnight.

2.5 Trenching and Backfill

2.5.1 Trenching. Trenching bottoms shall be
smooth and regular of either undisturbed
soil or a layer of compacted backfill so that
minimum settlenient will take place. Pipe
or tubing shall not be wedged or blocked.
Voids shall be filled and compacted to
level of trench bottom. The minimum
cover shall be 18 inches (457 mm) below
finish grade. [UPC 315.0]
Exceptions:

(1) Tubing for gas lights shall be buried a
minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) below
finish grade where gas flow is restricted to
10 cubic feet per hour (8 x lO-^m^/s) at its
source by a mechanical means or a fixed
orifice.

Note: Local climatic conditions may affect
required burial depth.

(2) Piping may terminate a maximum of
one foot above ground when encased in a
listed anodeless transition riser.

2.5.2 Backfill. The pipe and tubing temperature
shall be stabilized before backfilling. See
Section 2.4.2.

2.6 Types of Joints

PE joints shall be made as follows:

2.6.1 Heat Fusion Joints. Heat fusion joints
shall be niade according to the
manufacturer's procedures using
recommended heat times, temperature
and joining pressures.

2.6.2 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints
shall be assembled in an approved manner
with tools recomniended by the fitting
manufacturer. Mechanical joints shall be
made with listed mechanical fittings.

2.7
2.7.1

2.7.2

2.8
2.8.1

2.8.2

2.9
2.9.1

2.9.2

2.9.3

2.10
2.10.1

2.10.2

2.10.3

Special Joints

Listed transition fittings or listed
mechanical fittings shall be used when
making joints between PE and steel or PE
and copper.

Transition fittings shall be installed
outside of meter vaults with metallic
piping extending into the vaults a
sufficient distance to permit the use of
backup wrenches.

Inspections

Temperature. Pipe temperatures shall be

stabilized before testing. See Section 2.4.2.

[UPC 1204.0]

Piping shall be subjected to the pressure

test required in Section 1204.0 of the

Uniform Plumbing Code. [UPC 1204.3.2]

Materials

Location. PE pipe and tubing shall be
installed only outside the foundation of any
building or structure or parts thereof. It
shall be buried in the ground for its entire
length with cover as provided in Section
2.5.1. It shall not be installed within or
under any building or structure or mobile
home or commercial coach or parts thereof.
The term "building or structure or parts
thereof" shall include structures such as
porches and steps, whether covered or
uncovered, roofed porte-cocheres, roofed
patios, carports, covered walks, covered
driveways and similar structures or
appurtenances. [UPC 1210.0]
Exception: Tubing may extend into gas
light support columns provided it is not
exposed to external damage.
Maximum Working Pressure. Gas
pressure shall not be more than 5 psi (34.5
kPa) for natural gas nor more than 10 psi
(69 kPa) for liquified petroleum gas.
Gas Supplier. Installation shall be
acceptable to the serving gas supplier.
Installation of Gas Piping
Types of Joints. See Sections 2.6 and 2.7
of this standard. [UPC 1211.0]
Prohibited Joints. PE pipe shall not be
joined by a threaded joints. Joints made
with adhesives or solvent cement shall be
prohibited.

Identification. Plastic gas yard piping shall
be permanently identified by attaching a
metal tag to the meter end of the piping
system stating, "Plastic Yard Piping".

374

PE FOR GAS YARD PIPING

IS 12

2.11
2.11.1

2.11.2

Sizing

Pipe. Pipe shall be sized as required by

Section 1217.0 or 1218.0 of the UPC. [UPC

1217.0]

Tubing. Tubing shall be sized from Table

1. [UPC 1217.0]

ADOPTED: 1971

REVISED: 1975, 1977, 1978, 1981,1983, 1985,
1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 2003

TABLE 1
SIZE OF PLASTIC GAS TUBING

Maximum Delivery Capacity in Cubic Feet of Gas per Hour (CFH)
of Tubing Carrying Natural Gas of 0.60 Specific Gravity

Nominal

Tubing

Internal

Size

Diameter

Length in

Feet

Inches

Inches

10

20

30

40 50 60

70

80

90

100

125

1/4

0.250

18

12

10

8 7 7

6

6

5

5

4

3/8

0.375

51

35

28

24 21 19

18

16

16

15

13

150

200

250

300 350 400

450

500

550

600

1/4

0.250

4

3

3

3 3 2

2

2

2

2

3/8

0.375

12

10

9

8 7 7

6

6

6

6

TABLE 1 (Metric)
SIZE OF PLASTIC GAS TUBING

Maximum Delivery Capacity in Cubic Meters of Gas per Secorid (m^/s)
of Tubing Carrying Natural Gas of 0.60 Specific Gravity
Nominal

Tubing

Internal

Size

Diameter

Length in

Meters

mm

mm

3.0

6.1

9.1

12.2

15.2

18.3

6.4

6.4

1.4

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.56

0.56

9.5

9.5

4.1

2.8

2.2

1.9

1.7

1.5

21.3

24.4

27.4

30.5

38.1

45.7

6.4

6.4

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

9.5

9.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.0

0.96

61.0

76.2

91.4

106.7

121.9

137.2

6.4

6.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.16

0.16

9.5

9.5

0.8
152.4

0.7
167.6

0.6
182.9

0.56

0.56

0.5

6.4

6.4

0.16

0.16

0.16

9.5

9.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

375

IS 12 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

376

Installation Standard

For

PROTECTIVELY COATED PIPE

lAPMO IS 13-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 Installation and material of protective pipe
coatings shall comply with this Standard
and the current edition of the Uniform
Plumbing Code [UPC]™ published by the
International Association of Plumbing and
Mechanical Officials (lAPMO).

Note: The following sections of the Uniform Plumbing
Code shall apply to protectively coated pipe.

301.2 Marking

302.0 Iron pipe size (IPS) pipe

310.0 Workmanship

311.0 Prohibited fittings and practices

313.5 Protection required

314.0 Hangers and supports

604.0 Materials - water piping

609.3.1 Coated protection required

1210.0 Materials - gas piping

1211.6 Coated protection required and
coating material approval required

2.0
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.1.1

2.1.1.2

2.1.1.3

2.1.2
2.1.2.1

PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

Minimum Standards

Materials

Coating. Piping shall be coated by a

listed coating applicator in accordance

with AWWA C203, AWWA C213, or

AWWA C215.

Tape. Tape for field application shall

comply with PS 37, Black Plastic PVC or PE

Pressure-Sensitive Corrosion Preventive

Tape.

Primer. Primer for field application shall

be compatible with the tape and be as

recommended by the tape manufacturer.

Markings

Pipe. Protectively coated pipe shall be

legibly marked at least every two (2) feet

(610 mm) as follows:

(a) Applicator's name or trademark;

(b) Pipe manufacturer's naine;

(c) Pipe standard designation i.e., ASTM
or API;

(d) Pipe material type i.e., black,
galvanized;

(e) Pipe size and schedule;

(f) Coating material;

(g) Holiday test voltage;

(h) Products listed by lAPMO that are

covered by this standard shall be

labeled with the designated lAPMO

certification mark; and
(i) Any other required markings. [UPC

301.1.2]
2.1.2.2 Tape. Tape for field applications should
be legibly marked at least every two (2)
feet (610 mm) with the manufacturer's
name and tape model identification.

2.2 Protection of Piping and Fittings

2.2.1 Field Joints. Field joints shall be made as

follows, except as specified in 2.2.2. Clean

and dry surfaces to be protected. [UPC

313.0]

Step 1 Oil and grease, if present, shall be
removed with suitable non-oily
type solvent such as Heptane or
Trichlorethylene. Materials, such
as kerosene and gasoline, shall
not be used.

Step 2 For coated pipe, remove coating
approximately 3 inches (76 mm)
from end of pipe or from repair
area and bevel to expose shoulder
of coating at area to be field
wrapped.

Step 3 For taped pipe, remove tape and
overwrapping so as to expose
approximately 3 inches (76 mm)
of pipe at area to be field
wrapped.

Step 4 For welded pipe, grind down
sharp welds and weld spatter to a
minimum 1/8 inch (3.2 mm)
radius. Wire brush the weld area
thoroughly taking care to remove
as much mil scale and surface
rust as possible. Remove any
loose or charred coating caused
during welding.

Step 5 Apply listed primer, as
recommended by the manu-
facturer of the tape being applied,
over the protected area and
adjacent 1 inch (25.4 mm) of
protected area.

Step 6 Spirally wrap listed tape by a half
overlap double wrap of minimum
10 mil tape stretched around the

377

IS 13

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.2.2

fitting, thread, and other un-
protected areas to provide a
minimum 40 mil thickness. A
maximum of two (2) inch (51
mm) wide tape shall be used for
field application.

Exception: Unless otherwise

listed by lAPMO, a maximum of

one (1) inch (25.4 mm) wide tape

shall be used on change of

direction fittings for piping sizes

up to and including two (2) inch

(51 mm).

Other Methods. Other materials

approved for field joints or repair shall be

applied as per manufacturer's

recommendations and the listing

requirements.

2.3 Damage in Shipment. Coated piping
shall be protected against damage in
shipment.

2.3.1 Handling and Storage. Coated piping
shall be handled and stored in a manner
to prevent damage.

2.3.2 Handling by Installer. Movement of pipe
from truck or into trench shall be done in
such a manner as to avoid abrasion, or
damage from dropping.

2.4 Backfill. All excavations shall be
completely backfilled as soon after
inspection as possible. [UPC 315.0]

2.5 Inspection. All coated piping shall be
inspected and tested and any visible void,
damage or imperfection to the pipe
coating shall be repaired as to comply
with Section 2.2.

2.5.1 Equipment. The equipment, material,

and labor necessary for inspection or tests
shall be furnished by the person to whom
the permit is issued or by whom
inspection is requested.

ADOPTED: 1971

REVISED: 1975, 1978, 1982, 1984, 1991, 2000,
2003

378

Installation Standard

For

ASBESTOS CEMENT PRESSURE PIPE FOR WATER SERVICE AND YARD PIPING

lAPMO IS 15-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1 .1 This standard shall govern the installation of
asbestos cement pressure pipe and fittings
with elastomeric gasketed joints in hot and
cold water building supply and yard piping.
For allowable location and pressure, see
Sections 2.4 and 2.5.2 of this standard.
Installation, material, and inspection shall
comply with the current edition of the
Uniform Plumbing Code [UPC]TM published
by the International Association of Plumbing
and Mechanical Officials, and shall also
comply with this standard.

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code apply to asbestos cement pressure
piping systems.

Table 14-1 Materials

310.0 Workmanship

313.0 Protection of Piping, Materials

and Structures
314.0 Hangers and Supports
315.0 Trenching, Excavation, and
Backfill
Chapter 6 Water Supply and Distribution

Chapter 2 DEFINITIONS

202.0 AC Asbestos Cement

Chapter 14 ASTM American Society for Testing

and Materials
lAPMO International Association of

Plumbing and Mechanical

Officials
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code

published by lAPMO

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards

2.1.1 Material. Materials shall conform to the
appropriate standard in Table 14-1 of the
Uniform Plumbing Code.

Applicable Standards

AC Pipe ASTM C296

Fittings AWWA/ANSI A21.10

Rings ASTM D1869

Joints AWWA/ANSI A21.il

2.1 .2 Pipe. Pipe is asbestos cement.

2.1.3 Fittings. Fittings are cast iron or other
listed materials.

2.1.4
2.14.1

2.1.4.2

2.1.4.3

2.1.4.4

2.2
2.2.1

2.2.2

2.3
2.3.1

2.3.2

Markings

Pipe. Pipe markings shall be in
accordance with C 296. [UPC 301.1.2]
Fittings. Fitting markings shall be in
accordance with A21.10. [UPC 301.1.2]
Couplings. Couplings shall be marked
with at least the following:

(a) Manufacturers name or trademark;

(b) Class and nominal size; and

(c) Letter "T".

Position of Markings. The identifying
markings on pipe and fittings shall be
visible for inspection without moving
materials unless otherwise acceptable to
the Administrative Authority.

Trenching, Cover, and Backfill
Trenching and Cover. Trench bottoms
shall be uniformly graded and shall be of
either undisturbed soil or shall consist of a
layer or layers of compacted backfill so
that minimum settlement will take place.
The trench bottoms shall be at least 12
inches (305 mm) below the average local
frost depth. The minimum cover shall be
18 inches (458 mm) below the finish
grade. [UPC 315.0]

Backfill. After finishing pressure testing
of the line, backfill a minimum of twelve
(12) inches (305 mm) deep over the top of
the pipe and fittings. Backfill should be
select material placed around the pipe in a
manner to provide a firm continuous
support. Tamp v^ell to secure proper
compaction.

Note: All joints shall be exposed during
test.

Joints

Joints in asbestos cement pipe shall be a
sleeve coupling of the same composition
as the pipe, or of other listed materials,
and sealed with rubber rings or joined by
other listed compression type coupling.
[UPC 705.1.4]

Joints between asbestos cement pipe and
other approved pipes shall be made by
means of listed adapter couplings. Special
heat resistant rings as recommended by
the manufacturer must be used for
temperatures in excess of 140°F (60°C).

379

IS 15
2.3.3

2.3.4

2.3.5

2.3.6

2.4
2.4.1

2.5
2.5.1

Before assembling the joint, the coupling
grooves, pipe ends, and rubber gasket
must be cleaned. The rubber gaskets are
then positioned in the grooves.
Use the pipe manufacturer's joint
lubricant recommended for potable water
application. Apply lubricant to the
machined end of the pipe only, never to
the rubber gasket or groove, unless
specifically recommended otherwise by
the manufacturer.

The end of the pipe and the coupling or
fitting bell shall be assembled using a bar
and wood block or a pipe puller.
"Stabbing" or "popping" the pipe into the
coupling (pipe is suspended and swung
into the bell) is not reconmiended.
When a field cut is made, cut the pipe
square, using hand pipe-cutters which use
a cutting edge, or hand saws. To properly
enter the rubber gasketed joint, the end of
the pipe must be machined before
insertion, using hand machining tools.

Materials

Location. Asbestos cement piping shall
be installed only outside the foundation of
any building or structure or parts thereof.
It shall be buried in the ground for its
entire length except vertical piping may
be extended above grade per Section 313.0
of the Uniform Plumbing Code. It shall
not be installed within or under any
building or structure or mobile home or
commercial coach or parts thereof. The
term "building or structure or parts
thereof" shall include structures such as
porches and steps, roofed porte-cocheres,
roofed patios, carports, covered walks,
covered driveways, and similar structures
or appurtenances. [UPC 604.1]

Installation, Testing, and Identification
Alignment and Deflection. Pipe and
fittings shall be aligned properly without
strain. Pipe may be deflected in
accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations provided that it shall
not be permanently staked or blocked to
maintain this deflection. If soft soil
conditions exist, deflected joints may be
permanently blocked or staked to
maintain the deflection. The amount of
deflection shall b.e: 5° for sizes 4 inch
(101.6 mm) through 12 inch (305 mm); 4°
for 14 inch (356 mm) and 16 inch (407
mm); 3-1/2° for 18 inch (457 mm) through

2.5.2

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

24 inch (610 mm) for pipe belled on the
job site. For factory-belled couplings, one
half (1/2) the above deflections by size
shall be allowed.

Working Pressure. Maximum working
pressure shall be as follows:

MATERIALS, SIZES AND MAXIMUM WORKING
PRESSURES

Pipe

Sizes 1

Maximum Pres

Class 100

4-

24 inch incl.

100 psi

(102-

- 610 mm incl.)

(689 kPa)

Class 150

4 -

- 24 inch incl.

150 psi

(102-

- 610 mm incl.)

(1033 kPa)

Class 200

4-

■ 24 inch incl.

200 psi

(102-

- 610 mm incl.)

(1378 kPa)

2.5.3

2.5.4

2.5.5

2.5.6

2.5.7
2.5.7.1

2.5.7.2

Laterals and Saddles. Installation of

laterals, saddles, or tapped couplings in

AC piping shall be as required by their

listings.

Thrust Blocking. Thrust blocks shall be

installed at:

(a) Changes in direction, as at tees and
bends;

(b) Changes in size, as at reducers;

(c) Stops, as at dead ends; and

(d) Valves, where thrusts may be
expected.

The size and type of thrust block shall be
based on the pressure rating of the pipe
(or line test pressure, if greater than
piping rating), pipe size and kind of soil
2.5.4(b). Refer to Table 1 for thrust at
fittings for a pressure of one hundred
(100) pounds per square inch (689 kPa).
To determine the bearing area of thrust
blocks, refer to Table 2 for the safe bearing
load of the soil and divide the total thrust
by this safe bearing load.
Thrust blocks shall be located as shown
on Chart 1.
Testing

The portion of the line being tested
should be complete with thrust blocks or
properly sized temporary thrust blocking.
The line may be pressure tested
immediately after installation, provided
however, that if poured concrete thrust
blocks have been utilized, they have had a
24-hour period to attain an initial cure.
[UPC 609.4]

The entire system shall be filled with
water, purged of air, and tested at a
pressure at least equal to the eventual
operating pressure for at least one (1)
hour before inspection and backfilling of

380

ASBESTOS CEMENT PRESSURE PIPE FOR
WATER SERVICE AND YARD PIPING

trench. It is recommended that the test
pressure not exceed the working pressure
of the pipe.

CAUTION: AIR TESTING IS
PROHIBITED.
2.5.7.3 Identification. A label shall be fastened to
the main electrical meter panel stating,
"This structure has a non-metallic water

service.

2.6

Sizing. Piping shall be sized in
accordance with UPC Section 610.0.
When UPC Appendix A is applicable.

IS 15

Chart A-5 (Fairly Smooth Pipe) may be
used. Flow velocities shall be limited to a
maximum of 8 fps (2.4 m/s). When using
UPC, Table 6-3, required by UPC Section
610.0, velocities shall also be checked and
limited using UPC Chart A-5. [UPC 610.0]

Example: For a pressure of 150 psi (1033.5 kPa) on
a 4 inch (102 mm) tee, Table 609.1.4(a) indicates
1850 pounds (8232.5 N) for 100 psi (689 kPa).
Therefore, total thrust for 150 psi (1033.5 kPa) will
equal 1-1/2 times 1850 pounds (82,32.5 N).

TABLE 1
Thrust at Fittings in Pounds at 100 psi of Water Pressure

Pipe Dead Ends

Size Class and Tees 90° Bend 45° Bend 22 1/2° Bend

4"

6"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

20"

24"

100
150
200

1,720
1,850
1,850

2,440
2,610
2,610

1,320
1,420
1,420

660
720
720

100
150
200

3,800
3,800
3,800

5,370
5,370
5,370

2,910
2,910
2,910

1,470
1,470
1,470

100
150
200

6,580
6,580
6,580

9,300
9,300
9,300

5,040
5,040
5,040

2,550
2,550
2,550

100
150
200

9,380
10,750
10,750

13,270
15,200
15,200

7,190

8,240

V 8,240

3,640
4,170
4,170

100
150
200

13,330
15,310
15,310

18,860
21,640
21,640

10,240
11,720
11,720

5,170
5,940
5,940

100
150
200

17,930
20,770
20,770

23,360
29,360
29,360

13,740
15,910
15,910

6,960
8,060
8,060

100
150
200

23,210
26,880
26,880

32,820
38,010
38,010

17,880
20,590
20,590

9,000
10,430
10,430

100
150
200

31,000
34,400
38,600

44,200
48,500
54,400

23,850
26,400
29,650

11,950
13,400
14,900

100
150
200

38,400
42,600
47,800

54,200
60,000
67,400

29,500
32,600
36,700

14,700
16,500
18,600

100
150
200

55,000
61,500
69,000

78,000
86,700
97,200

42,200
47,200
52,900

21,100
23,900
26,800

381

IS 15 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE 1 (Metric)
Thrust at Fittings in Newtons at 689 kPa of Water Pressure

Pipe

Dead Ends

Size

Class

and Tees

90° Bend

45° Bend

22 1/2° Be

102

100

7654

10,858

5874

2937

150

8232.5

11,614.5

6319

3204

200

8232.5

11,614.5

6319

3204

152

100

16,910

23,896.5

12,949.5

6541.5

150

16,910

23,896.5

12,949.5

6541.5

200

16,910

23,896.5

12,949.5

6541.5

203

100

29,281

41,385

22,428

11,347.5

150

29,281

41,385

22,428

11,347.5

200

29,281

41,385

22,428

11,347.5

254

100

41,741

59,051.5

31,995.5

16,198

150

47,837.5

67,640

36,668

18,556.5

200

47,837.5

67,640

36,668

18,556.5

305

100

59,318.5

83,927

45,568

23,006.5

150

68,129.5

96,298

52,154

26,433

200

68,129.5

96,298

52,154

26,433

356

100

79,788.5

103,952

61,143

30,973

150

92,426.5

130,652

70,799.5

35,867

200

92,426.5

130,652

70,799.5

35,867

406

100

103,284.5

146,049

79,566

40,050

150

119,616

169,144.5

91,625.5

46,413.5

200

119,616

169,144.5

91,625.5

46,413.5

457

100

137,950

196,690

106,132.5

53,177.5

150

153,080

215,825

117,480

59,630

200

171,770

242,080

131,942.5

66,305

508

100

170,880

241,190

131,275

65,415

150

189,570

267,000

145,070

73,425

200

212,710

299,930

163,315

82,770

610

100

244,750

347,100

187,790

93,895

150

273,675

385,815

210,040

106,355

200

307,050

432,540

235,405

119,260

382

ASBESTOS CEMENT PRESSURE PIPE FOR IS 1 5

WATER SERVICE AND YARD PIPING

TABLE 2
Safe Bearing Loads for Various Soils

Soil Safe Bearing Load

LbsySq. Ft.

(kPa)

Mulch, Peat, etc.

Soft Clay

1000

6890

Sand

2000

13,780

Sand and Gravel

3000

20,670

Sand and Gravel

Cemented w/Clay

4000

27,360

Hard Shale

10,000

68,900

Example: Assume a 4000 pound (17,800 N) total
thrust was computed. The soil condition is sand.
The required bearing area of the thrust block is 4000
lbs. (17,800 N) divided by 2000 lbs. (13,780 kPa) or
2 sq. ft. (0. 19 m2)

ADOPTED: 1975
REVISED: 1981,1982,2003

383

IS 15

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

CHART 1

6" Class 150 (152 mm) 10" Class 150 (254 mm)

384

Installation Standard

For

EXTRA STRENGTH VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE IN BUILDING DRAINS

lAPMO IS 18-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This standard shall govern the installation of
extra strength vitrified clay pipe in gravity
building drains. (See Section 2.2 for allowable
location.) Installation, material, and inspection
shall comply with the current edition of the
Uniform Plumbing Code [UPC]TM published by
the International Association of Plumbing and
Mechanical Officials and this standard.

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code apply to vitrified clay pipe.

103.5 Inspections

103.5.3 Testing of Systems
103.5.3.3 Exceptions
103.5.4.2 Responsibility

204.0 Definitions, Building Drain

310.0 Workmanship

313.0 Protection of Piping, Materials, and

Structures

314.3 Supporting in the Groimd

315.0 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill

316.1.4 Flare Joints
Chapter 7 Sanitary Drainage

701 .1 .3 Location of Piping and Use in
Pressurized Drainage Systems
705.2 Use of Joints

712.2 Water Test

712.3 Air Test

720.0 Sewer and Water Pipes
Table 14-1 Extra Strength

Vitrified Clay Pipe ASTM C 700

Fittings, Couplings,

Molded Rubber ASTM C 425

Chapter 2 DEFINITIONS
Chapter 14

ASTM American Society for Testing and

Materials
lAPMO International Association of Plumbing

and Mechanical Officials
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code published by
lAPMO

2.1.2
2.1.2.1

2.1.2.2

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards

2.1.1 Materials. Pipe and fittings shall be a

minimum 3 inch (76 mm) in size, "Extra
Strength" and couplings shall be molded
rubber sewer couplings. They shall
conform to the applicable standards in
Table 14-1 of the UPC. [UPC 301.1]

Markings

Pipe and Fittings. Pipe and fitting

markings shall be in accordance with

C 700. [UPC 301.1.2]

Couplings. Couplings assemblies shall be

marked with at least the following:

(a) Manufacturer's name or trademark on
rubber couplings and take-up band or
screw take-up housing;

(b) Size, on rubber coupling;

(c) Year of manufacture on rubber
coupling;

(d) Grade of material on take-up band or
screw take-up housing; and

(e) Couplings and components listed by
lAPMO that are covered by this
standard shall be labeled with the
designated lAPMO certification mark
to show compliance with this standard.

2.2 Burial and Separation

2.2.1 Burial. Pipe and fittings shall be buried
12 inches (305 mm) minimum.

2.2.2 Separation. Pipe and fittings shall not be
run or laid in the same trench with water
piping unless both the following
conditions are met:

(1) The bottom of the water pipe, at all
points, shall be at least 12 inches (305
mm) above the top of the drain line;
and

(2) The water pipe shall be placed on a
solid shelf excavated at one side of
the common trench. [UPC 720.0]

385

IS 18

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.3 Type of Joints

Joints shall be made with couplings or
with flexible compression factory
fabricated joints. [UPC 316.0]
2.3.1 Use of Joints

Transitions between clay and other
materials shall be made with molded
rubber sewer couplings and appropriate
bushings or reducers. [UPC 705.2]

ADOPTED: 1980
REVISED: 1982, 1985, 2003

386

Installation Standard

for

CPVC SOLVENT CEMENTED HOT AND COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

lAPMO IS 20-2005

1.0 SCOPE

1 .1 This standard shall govern the installation of
CPVC piping (IPS pipe and SDR-11 tubing)
in potable hot and cold water distributing
systems within buildings (For allowable
locations and pressure, see Sections 2.9.2
and 2.9.4) Installation, material, and
inspection shall comply with the current
edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code
[UPC]TM, published by the International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical
Officials, and shall also comply with this
standard.

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code apply to CPVC IPS piping and SDR-
1 1 tubing.

103.5 Inspections

301 . 1 Minimum Standards

310.0 Workmanship

311.0 Prohibited Fittings and Practices

313.0 Protection of Piping, Materials

and Structures

314.0 Hangers and Supports

316.2.3 Plastic Pipe to Other Materials

Chapter 6 Water Supply and Distribution

Chapter 2* Definitions

205.0 CPVC Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)

Pipe or tubing'Tipe" or "Piping"
includes both pipe and piping,
unless specified as "IPS Pipe" or
"tubing".

Table 14-1

Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)

Plastic Hot and ColdWater Distribution

System ASTMD2846
Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)

Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80

ASTM F 441
Socket Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl

Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings

Schedule 40 ASTM F 438
Socket Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl

Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings

Schedule 80 ASTM F 439

Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
ASTM F 493

ABBREVIATIONS

ASTM American Society for Testing and

Materials
lAPMO International Association of

Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
NSF National Sanitation Foundation

International
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code published

by lAPMO

*The first three numbers refer to the corresponding
section of the UPC.

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards

2.1 .1 Materials. Materials shall comply with the
following:

Materials ASTM

Standard

Raw Material-CPVC 23447 D 1784

IPS Pipe

Sch. 40 (1/2 in., 3/4 in. and 1 in.) F441

(12.7 mm, 19.1 mm, and 25.4 mm)

Sch. 80 (1/2 in. -2 in.) F441

(12.7 mm - 51 mm)

Tubing

SDR 11 (1/2 in. thru 2 in.) D2846

(12.7 mm - 51 mm)

Fittings

Sch. 40 (1/2 in., 3/4 in. & 1 in.) F 438

(12.7 mm, 19.1 mm, and 25.4 mm)

Sch. 80 (1/2 in. -2 in.) F439

(12.7 mm - 51 mm)

Tube Fittings (1 /2 in. - 2 in.) D 2846

(12.7 mm - 51 mm)

2.1.2 Primer. Listed primers shall be used that
are compatible with the type of listed CPVC
cement and pipe used. The primer shall be a
true solvent for CPVC, containing no slow
drying ingredient. Cleaners shall not be
allowed to be used as a substitute or
equivalent for a listed primer.
Exception: Listed solvent cements that do not
require the use of -primer shall he permitted for

387

IS 20

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

use with CPVC pipe and fittings, manufactured
in accordance with ASTM D 2846, 1/2 inch
through 2 inches in diameter.
Note: Manufacturer shall provide test data
from an independent testing laboratory
acceptable to the Administrative Authority
that their CPVC pipe, together with
recommended fittings has a Short Term
Working Pressure (STWP) and Temperature
Rating of 150 psi (1030 kPa) at 210° F
(99°C) for 48 hours or more.
2.1.3 Material. Pipe and fittings are plastic and
are usually light gray for IPS pipe and
fittings, and tan for SDR 11 tubing and
fittings.

2.2 Markings

2.2.1 Pipe and Tubing. IPS pipe and tubing
markings shall be in accordance with F 441
or D 2846. [UPC 301.1.2]

2.2.2 Fittings. Fitting markings shall be in
accordance with F 438 or F 439 or D 2846.
[UPC 301.1.2]

Note: Standard number may be omitted on
smaller fittings when marked with four raised
dots.

2.2.3 Solvent Cement. Container labeling of
CPVC solvent cement shall be in accordance
with F 493.

2.2.3.1 Color. Solvent cements requiring the use of
primer shall be colored orange. Solvent
cements that do not require the use of a
primer shall be colored yellow.

2.2.4 Primer. Primer container markings shall be
in accordance with F 656.

2.2.4.1 Color. Primer shall be colored so as to
make its use obvious on a finished joint, but
shall not be colored orange or yellow.

2.2.5 Position of Markings. Identification
markings shall be visible for inspection
without moving materials.

2.2.6 Alignment. Piping and fittings shall be
aligned properly without strain.

Method of marking
(5x Size) (4 Dots)

0.01 5" -0.040"
/■ o>v— __(0.4 mm - 1 .0 mm)
/ v^-^-s^- Dia. dots(4)
O Q equally spaced
\ Q /-^- 1/4" (6.4 mm) Dia.

-3/16"-

(4.8 mm)

Suggested location
of marking code

Alternative Dot
Profiles 1 0x Size

2.3 Protection of Materials

2.3.1 Abrasion. Pipe or tubing passing through
drilled or notched metal studs or joists or
hollow shell masonry walls shall be
protected from abrasion due to thermal
expansion and contraction by elastomeric or
plastic sleeves or grommets or other
approved means. Straight runs may have
protection at maximum 3 feet (915 mm)
intervals. [UPC 313.0]

2.3.2 Puncture. Steel plate protection shall be
installed when required by the
Administrative Authority or section 313.9 of
the Uniform Plumbing Code..

2.3.3 Storage and Handling. Pipe shall be stored
in a way to protect it from mechanical
damage (slitting, pimcturing, etc.). It shall
be stored under cover to keep it clean and
avoid long term exposure to sunlight.
Exposure to sunlight during normal
construction periods is not harmful. CPVC
solvent cements should be stored in a cool
place except when actually in use on the job
site. The solvent cement manufacturer's
specific storage instruction should be
followed.

2.3.4 Freezing. In areas where the system must
be drained to protect it from freezing,
horizontal lines shall be graded to drain.

2.3.5 Overheating:

(a) Tubing shall not be positioned or
closer to devices that generate heat
such that the temperature around
the CPVC tubing is greater than
180°F

(b) Do not apply direct flame onto
CPVC.

2.4 Thermal Expansion

2.4.1 General. Allowance for thermal expansion
and contraction shall be provided by
approved means. Allovk^ance shall be based
on an expansion rate of 3.5 inches (89 mm)
per 100 feet (30,480 mm) of length of run per
100°F (38°C) temperature change.

Note: Expansion rate is independent of the
size of the pipe.

2.4.2 Offsets and Loops. Thermal expansion
may be provided for by use of expansion
loops, offsets, or changes of direction. From
Table 1 determine the length "L" that is
required. Note that "L" is based on length of
run, diameter of pipe, and maximum
temperature of water.

2.5 Clearance. Adequate clearance shall be
provided between piping and structure

388

GPVC SOLVENT CEMENTED HOT AND COLD
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

(such as bored holes and sleeves) to allow
for free longitudinal movement.

2.6 Hangers and Supports

2.6.1 Vertical Piping. Vertical piping shall be
supported at each floor or as specified by
the design engineer to allow for
expansion/contraction. Piping shall have a
mid-story guide. [UPC 314.0]

2.6.2 Horizontal Piping. Unless an engineered
design is provided and approved by the
Administrative Authority, the following
provisions shall apply. Horizontal piping 1
inch (25.4 mm) or smaller shall be supported
at maximum 3 foot (914 mm) intervals.
Piping 1-1/4 inch (32 mm) or larger shall be
supported at maximum 4 foot (1219 mm)
intervals.

2.6.3 Hangers and Anchors. Piping shall not be
anchored rigidly to a support, but rather
secured with smooth hangers or straps that
provide for a degree of movement and that
prevent damage to the pipe. Hangers or
straps with sharp or abrasive edges shall not
be used. Hangers that pinch the piping
shall not be used.

2.7 Solvent Cement Joints

2.7.1 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND
PRECAUTIONS^

(a) General. Solvents contained in CPV
plastic pipe' cements are classified as
airborne contaminants and flammable
and combustible liquids. Precautions
listed in this appendix should be

IS 20

followed to avoid injury to personnel
and the hazard of fire.

(b) Prolonged breathing of solvent vapors
should be avoided. When pipe and
fittings are being joined in partially
enclosed areas, a ventilating device
should be used in such a manner to
minimize the entry of vapors into the
breathing areas.

(c) Solvent cements should be kept away
from all sources of ignition, heat, sparks
and open flame.

(d) Containers for solvent cements should
be kept tightly closed except when the
cement is being used.

(e) All rags and other m.aterials used for
mopping up spills should be kept in a
safety waste receptacle which should be
emptied daily.

(f) Most of the solvents used in CPVC pipe
cements can be considered eye irritants
and contact with the eye should be
avoided for it may cause eye injury.
Proper eye protection and the use of
chemical goggles or face shields are |
advisable where the possibility of
splashing exists in handling solvent
cements. In case of eye contact, flush
with plenty of water for 15 minutes and
call a physician immediately.

(g) Repeated contact with the skin should
be avoided. Proper gloves impervious
to and unaffected by the solvents
should be worn when frequent contact

TABLE 1
Developed Length " L" of Expansion Loops

Length of Run in Feet (mm)

20

(6096)

40

(12192)

60 (18288)

80

(24384)

100

(30480)

Nominal Size

Inches

(mm)

Loop Length

"L" in Inches

(mm)

1/2

(12.7)

22

(6706)

31

(9449)

38 (11582)

44

(13411)

50

(15240)

3/4

(19.1)

26

(7925)

37

(11278)

46 (14021)

52

(15850)

58

(17678)

1

(25.4)

30

(9144)

42

(12802)

52 (15850)

60

(18288)

67

(20422)

1-1/4

(32)

33

(10058)

47

(14326)

57 (17374)

66

(39917)

74

(22555)

1-1/2

(38)

36

(10973)

51

(15545)

62 (18898)

72

(21946)

80

(24384)

2

(51)

41

(12497)

58

(17678)

71 (21641)

82

(24994)

91

(27737)

389

IS 20

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Example: Pipe Size - 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) Length of Run - 60 feet (18288 mm): (38") (965 mm) (from table).

Support
Guides

/

L/5

/

L74

2L/5
(15 1/4")

(387 mm)

L/5 L/5

Loop

60' (18288 mm) Run

.

L/2
(19")

(483 mm)

L/4

Offset

Change in
Direction

L

(38")

(965 mm)

with the skin is Hkely. Application of
the solvents or solvent cements with
rags and bare hands is not
recommended. Brushes and other
suitable applicators can be used
effectively for applying the solvent
cement, thus avoiding skin contact. In
the event of excessive contact, remove
contaminated clothing and wash skin
with soap and water.

2.7.2 Selection. Follow the manufacturer's
recommendations for type of solvent cements
for such conditions as temperatures over
100°F (38°C), or humidity over 60%.

2.7.3 Handling (to maintain effectiveness).
Package solvent cement in containers no
larger than 1 quart (1 liter). Keep solvent
cement can closed and in the shade when
not in use. Keep applicator submerged in
solvent cement between applications.
Discard solvent cement when it thickens
appreciably or gels. Solvent cement shall not
be thinned.

2.7.4 Primer. A listed primer in compliance with
ASTM F 656 shall be used with CPVC
solvent cements that require the use of a
primer. CPVC solvent cements that do not
require the use of a primer are permitted for
joints up to 2 inches in size.

2.7.5 Size of Applicator. Applicator should be
about one half the pipe diameter. Do not
use small applicator on large pipes.

2.7.6 Procedures

Step 1. Cut pipe square with hand saw and
mitre box, mechanical cutoff saw or
tube cutter designed for plastic.

Step 2. Ream and chamfer pipe (to
eliminate sharp edges, beads, and
all burrs).

Step 3. Clean all dirt, moisture, and grease
from pipe and fitting socket. Use a
clean, dry rag.

Step 4. Check dry fit of pipe in fittings.
Pipe should enter fitting socket 1/4
to 3/4 of socket depth. On larger
sizes of Sch. 80 fittings, a looser fit
may be expected. This is a normal
condition, and requires care to
apply an adequate amount of
cement.

Step 5. Apply CPVC primer, if required, i
(see Section 2.7.4) to inside of fitting 1
socket. Take care to avoid
puddling.

Step 6. Apply CPVC primer, if required, to |
outside surface of pipe to depth of
fitting socket.

Step 7. When using solvent cements i
requiring a primer, wait until I
primer surface is tacky. DO NOT
attempt to soften (dissolve) the
surface as is required for PVC.

Step 8. Apply a liberal coat of CPVC
solvent cement to the outside
surface of the pipe to the depth of
the fitting socket.

Step 9. Apply a light coat of CPVC solvent
cement to inside of fitting socket.
Apply a second liberal coat of
cement to the pipe end. Take
particular care in cementing larger
sizes of Sch. 80 fittings. Be sure all
surfaces are coated.

Step 10. While both the inside socket surface
and the outside surface of the pipe
are WET with solvent cement,
forcefully bottom the pipe in the
socket, giving the pipe a quarter
turn while inserting, if possible.

1 Appendix XI. Safety Requirements And Precautions, from ASTMD 2564-88 Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and
Fittings is reprinted with permission from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103, copyright.

390

CPVC SOLVENT CEMENTED HOT AND COLD
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Step 11. Hold the joint together for 10 to 15
seconds to assure that the pipe
remains bottomed against the pipe
stop.

Step 12. Do not disturb the joint for at least
30 minutes.

Note: The joint is weal< until tiie
cement is dry. If the joint is adjusted
after it is set, the joint will be ruined.
See Table 2 for recommended set
time.

Step 13. Wipe excess cement from the pipe.
A properly made joint will show a
bead of cement around its entire
perimeter. Any gaps may indicate
insufficient cement.

Step 14. The system shall not be pressurized
until the joints have cured (set) at
least as long as recommended by
the manufacturer. If the manufac-
turer's recommendation is not
available, the following cure times
are required. See Table 2.

2.7.7 Prohibited Joints. Piping shall not be
threaded. Female screwed fittings, with
CPVC threads, shall be prohibited. Joints
made with adhesives shall be prohibited.

2.7.8 Threaded Joints. When threads are
required, molded male adapters shall be
used.

2.7.9 Location. CPVC threaded joints shall be
accessible.

2.7.10 Lubricants. Only thread tape or thread
lubricant approved specifically for use with
CPVC shall be used. Conventional pipe
thread compounds, putty, linseed oil based
products, and unknown mixtures are
prohibited.

2.7.11 Tightening. Joints shall be tightened
approximately 1-1/2 turns past hand tight.
CAUTION: Hand tight refers to the number
of threads to reach hand tight with metal pipe.
Small sizes of CPVC can be bottomed by
hand pressure alone. DO NOT overtighten.

2.7.12 Special Joints

2.7.12.1 Transition Joints. Transitions from CPVC
tubing to metal piping and valves shall be
made only with listed transition fittings
suitable for that purpose. When required, the
transition fittings shall be designed in such a
manner that it can be anchored to a building
member to prevent rotation. [UPC 316.2]

2.7.1 2.2 Soldering. Soldered metal joints shall not
be made closer than 18 inches (457 mm) to
any already installed plastic to metal
adapter in the same water line.

IS 20

2.7.12.3 Hose Bibbs. Hose bibbs shall be cormected
only to metal system components which are
adequately anchored to the building
structure. The CPVC plastic system shall
terminate in wall.

2.8 Pressure Relief Valves

2.8.1 CPVC Piping. CPVC piping used for
temperature and /or pressure relief valve
drain lines shall be graded to the outlet end
and shall be supported at 3 foot (914 mm)
intervals both vertically and horizontally.

2.9 Installation, Inspection and Testing

2.9.1 Finish Nipples. Finish nipples shall be
connected to drop ear elbows or other
fittings listed for preventing rotation. Finish
nipples shall not be CPVC but CPVC stub
outs for fixture connections shall be
permitted. [UPC 609.0]

2.9.2 Location. CPVC tubing shall not be installed
so as to be subjected to direct sunlight after
installation, and shall not be installed on the
surface of the building unless it is protected
by paint or a protective covering.

2.9.3 Water Heaters. There shall be a minimum
of six (6) inches (152 mm) of metallic piping
between a gas water heater connection and
CPVC tubing. Piping shall not be installed
down stream from any instantaneous type
(coil or immersion) water heater or closer
than six (6) inches (152 mm) developed
length upstream.

2.9.4 Under Slab. Pipe shall be installed in
trench with uniform support. Trenches shall
be backfilled to a depth of six (6) inches (152
mm) with clean earth, sand, or other
approved material which shall not contain
sharp rocks, boulders, cinder fill, or other
materials which w^ould damage or break the
piping. Pipe shall be stubbed up and all
ends shall be capped. The system shall be
filled with water and all air shall be bled off.
The system shall be pressure tested under a
water pressure which is not less than the
working pressure under which it is to be
used for a minimum of two (2) hours. All
leaks shall be corrected. Foam pipe
insulation shall be installed on all stub ups
to prevent damage during concrete pour
and finishing.

2.9.5 Identification. A permanent sign with the
legible words "This building has non-
metallic interior water piping" shall be
fastened on or inside the main electric
service panel.

391

IS 20

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE 2

Joint Cure Schedule

Temperature

Range of Pipe

and Fittings

during assembly

and cure

Minimum Joint

Set Time, hrs.

(Step 12)

Minimum Cure Time
before testing,
hrs. (Step 14)

Minimum Time

before putting

system into service

at 80 psi/160°F

(71 °C), hrs.

Pipe Size

1/2-1 in.

(12.7-25.4 mm)

1-1/4 -2 in.
(32-51 mm)

°F °C
60-100 16-38
40-60 4-16

1/2
1

1

2

2
4

24
48

TABLE 3
8 Feet per Second

Pipe
Size

Pipe Sch. 40
GPM Ft.* FV**
FU FU

Pipe
GPM

Sch. 80
Ft.* FV**
FU FU

Tubing SDR 11

GPM Ft.* FV**

FU FU

1/2
3/4

1

1-1/4

1-1/2

2

8 9-
13 19

22 33
37 74 5
51 129 50
81 ?95 170

6
11
18

32
44
74

7

15

26

55 15
104 36
?45 174

5 6 ~
10 13
17 24
25 42 8
35 66 20
59 170 73

*Flush Tank Fixture Units

**Flush Valve Fixture Units

Table 3 (Metric)
2.4 Meters per Second

Pipe

Pipe

Sch. 40

Pipe

Sch. 80

Tubing

SDR 11

Size

L/minFt.* FV**

L/min

Ft.* FV**

L/min

Ft.* FV**

FU FU

FT FU

FU FU

12.7

30.3

9

22.7

7

18.9

6

19.1

49.2

19

41.6

15

37.9

13

25.4

83.3

33

68.1

26

64.3

24

32

140.0

74 5

121.1

55 15

94.6

42 8

38

193.0

129 50

166.5

104 36

132.5

66 20

51

JII6.6

295 170

280.1

245 124

223.3

170 73

*Flush Tank Fixture Units

**Flush Valve Fixture Units

2.9.6

2.9.7

2.10
2.10.1

Position of Marl<ing. When installed,
piping and fittings shall be positioned so
that when practical, identifying markings
shall be readily visible for inspection.
Testing. Air testing is prohibited.

Sizing

Method. Piping shall be sized in accordance
with UPC Section 610.0. When Appendix A
is applicable, use Chart 1 or 2 as
appropriate. Flow velocities shall be limited
to a maximum of 8 feet per second (2.4
mps). See Table 3. [UPC 610.1]

ADOPTED: 1982

REVISED: 1984, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992,

1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003,

2005

392

CPVC SOLVENT CEMENTED HOT AND COLD
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Friction Loss in Lbs. per Sq. In. pen 00 Ft. Run

0.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 1 i 3 4 5 S 7 8 10 20 30

IS 20

5060 80 100

CHART 1

o

Plastic SDR II

Tubing
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C = 150

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CHART 2

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.4 .5 .6 .7 .8 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100

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.5.6,7.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100

Friction Loss in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Run

393

IS 20

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

CPVC Pipe SDR 11 (ASTM D 2846)

Calculated Loop (offset) Lengths with 0r of approx. 80°F

Length of Run in Feet

Nominal

40 60 80

100

Pipe Size

Loop Length (£) in inches

1/2"

22 27 31

34

3/4"

26 32 36

41

1"

29 36 41

46

1-1/4"

32 40 46

51

1-1/2"

35 43 50

56

2"

40 49 57

64

Assume Modulus & Stress at 160°F

CPVC Pipe Schedule 80 (ASTM F441)
Calculated Loop (offset) Lengths with 0r of approx. 80°F

Length of Run in Feet

Nominal
Pipe Size

40 60 80
Loop Length (£) in inches

100

2-1/2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"

47 57 66
52 63 73
58 72 83
71 87 100
81 99 114
90 111 128

74
82
92
112
128
143

Assume Modulus & Stress at 160°F

CPVC Pipe Schedule 11 (ASTM D 2846)

Calculated Loop (offset) Lengths with 0r of approx. 100°F

Length of Run in Feet

Nominal

20 40 60 80

100

Pipe Size

Loop Length (£) in inches

1/2"

17 24 30 34

39

3/4"

.20 29 35 41

46

1"

23 33 40 46

52

1-1/4"

26 36 44 51

57

1-1/2"

28 , 39 48 56

62

2"

32 '45 55 64

71

Assume Modulus & Stress at 160°F

£ = V 3ED(0L)/2S

Where £ - loop length in inches

E = modulus of elasticity at maximum temperature, psi

D = outside diameter of pipe, inches

0L = change in length due to change in temperature, inches

S = working stress at maximum temperature, psi

394

CPVC SOLVENT CEMENTED HOT AND COLD
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

IS 20

CPVC Pipe Schedule 80 (ASTM F441)
Calculated Loop (offset) Lengths with 0r of approx. 100°F

Length of Rim in Feet

Nominal
Pipe Size

40 60 80
Loop Length (£) in inches

100

2-1/2"

3"
4"

6"
8"
10"

52 64 ' 74
58 71 82
65 80 92
79 97 112
91 111 128
101 124 143

83
91
103
125
143
160

Assume Modulus & Stress at 160°F

Thermal

Expansion (inches)

Length of

0r SOT 0r ioo°F

Run (feet)

20

0.65 0.82

40

1.31 1.63

60

1.96 2.45

80

2.61 3.26

100

3.26 4.08

0L = Lp X C X 01

0L = change in length of pipe in inches

Lp = length of pipe in inches

C = coefficient of thermal expansion for CPVC, 3.4 X 10'^ in/in/ °F

0r = change in temperature in °F

395

IS 20 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

396

Installation Standard

For

WELDED COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY WATER TUBE

lAPMO IS 21-2003

1.0 SCOPE

This standard shall govern the installation of
welded copper and copper alloy water tube
in potable hot and cold water systems.
Installation, material, and inspection shall
comply with the current edition of the
Uniform Plumbing Code [UPC]™ published
by the International Association of Plumbing
and Mechanical Officials and this standard.

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code apply to welded copper and copper
alloy water tube.

103.5.3 Test of Systems

301.1 Minimum Standards

310.0 Workmanship

311.0 Prohibited Fittings and Practices

313.0 Protection of Piping, Materials,
and Structures

314.0 Hangers and Supports

316.1 Types of Joints

316.1.2 Wiped Joints

316.1.3 Solder and Sweat Joints

316.2 Special Joints

316.2.1 Copper Tubing to Screw Pipe Joints

317.0 Increasers and Reducers

Chapter 6 Water Distribution

604.0 Materials

604.1 Materials, Water Pipe and Fittings

604.2 Water Piping

604.3 Marking of Tubing

604.4 Flexible Water Connectors
604.7 Restriction of Used Piping

606.1.1 Flared Joints

606.2.1 Use of Joints, Copper Water Tube

608.0 Relief Valve Drains

609.0 Iristallation, Inspection, and Testing

610.0 Size of Portable Water Piping
705.3.3 Ground Joint, Flared or Ferrule

Cormections

811.1 Chemical or Industrial Waste

903.2 Use of Copper Tubing

Table 14-1 Standards
ANSI B 16.18

ANSI B 16.22

ASTM B 447

Cast Copper Alloy Solder-Joint

Pressure Fittings

Wrought Copper and Copper

Alloy Solder Joint Pressure

Fittings

Standard Specification for

Welded Copper Tube

Appendix A Chart A-4 Friction Loss

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards

2.1.1 Materials. Materials shall comply with

the appropriate standard in Table 14-1 of
the UPC.

Note: The nominal or standard size of
copper and copper alloy welded water
tube is always 0. 125 inch (3.8 mm) or 1/8
inch (3.8 mm) smaller than the actual
outside diameter dimension of the tube.
For example, 3 inch (76 mm) nominal size
copper plumbing, tube measures 3- 1/8
inch (79.2 mm) O.D., 1/2 inch (12.7 mm)
nominal size copper plumbing tube
measures 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) O.D., etc.

2.2 Use of Copper Tubing

2.2.1 Markings. Markings shall be visible for

inspection. [UPC 903.2]

2.2.1.1 Water tube shall bear the following
incised marked at not over 18 inch (457
mm) intervals:

(a) Manufacturer's name or trademark;

(b) Tube type; and

(c) Country of origin.

2.2.1.2 All hard drawn tube shall be identified
throughout its entire length by a colored
marking not less than 3/16 inch in height,
including legend repeated at intervals not
greater than 3 feet (914 mm). The legend
shall include the type of tube, welded,
ASTM specification, name or trademark of
the manufacturer or both, and the country
of origin.

(a) Tube listed by lAPMO that is covered
by this standard shall be labeled with
the designated lAPMO certification
mark to show compliance with this
standard.

397

IS 21

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.3 Joints

2.3.1 General Information. Copper tube and
fittings maybe joined in a number of
ways, depending on the purpose of the
system. Soldering and brazing with
capillary fittings are the methods used
most.

The American Welding Society defines
soldering as a joining process which takes
place below 840°F (449°C) and brazing as
a similar process which occurs above
840°F (449°C) but below the melting point
of the base metals. In actual practice for
copper systems, most soldering is done at
temperatures ranging from about 350°F to
550°F (177° to 288°C), while most brazing
is done at temperatures ranging from
1100° F to 1500°F (593°C to 816°C). The
choice between soldering or brazing will
generally depend on operating conditions.
Solder joints are generally used where the
service temperature does not exceed 205°F
(96°C), while brazed joints can be used
where greater strength is required, or
where system temperatures are as high as
400°F (204°C). [UPC 316.1]

2.3.2 Fittings for Soldered, Brazed, and
Flared Joints. Fittings are available in all
standard tube sizes and in a wide variety
of types to cover needs for plumbing. They
can be either soldered or brazed, although
brazing cast fittings requires care.
Wrought copper pressure fittings are also
available over a wide range of sizes and
types. These, too, can be joined by either
soldering or brazing and wrought fittings
are preferred where brazing is the joining
method. Otherwise, the choice between
cast and wrought fittings is largely a
matter of the user's preference. Flared-tube
fittings provide metal-to-metal contact
similar to ground joint unions; both can be
easily taken apart and reassembled. They
are especially useful where residual water
cannot be removed from the tube and
soldering is difficult. Flared joints may be
required where a fire hazard exists and the
use of a torch to make soldered or brazed
joints is not allowed.

2.3.3 Solders

Note: Users of the Uniform Plumbing
Codes are reminded ttiat provisions of ttie
Federal Clean Drinking Act of 1986, which
ail must obey, forbid the use of solder
which contains in excess of 0.2% of lead,
by weight in potable water systems. The

2.3.4

provisions of the act are incorporated in all
ordinances, statutes, state and municipal
regulations by reference and by operation
of law.

The selection of a solder depends on the
operating pressure and temperature of the
line. Consideration should also be given
to the stresses on the joint caused by
thermal expansion and contraction.
However, stresses due to temperature
changes should not be significant in two
commonly encountered cases: when tube
lengths are short, or when expansion
loops are used in long tube runs.
Solder is generally used in wire form, but
paste-type solders are also available. These
are finely granulated solders in suspension
in a paste flux. When using paste-type
solders, observe these four rules:

1. Wire solder must be applied in
addition to the paste to fill the voids
and assist in displacing the flux,
otherwise the surfaces may be well
"tinned" and yet there may not be a
good joint with a continuous bond.

2. The paste mixture must be thoroughly
stirred if it has been standing in the
can for more than a very short time, as
the solder has a tendency to settle
rapidly to the bottom.

3. The flux cannot be depended on to
clean the tube. Cleaning should be
done manually as is recommended
for any other flux and solder.

4. Remove any excess flux.

Solders are available containing small
amounts of silver or other additives to
impart special properties. Such solders
may require special fluxes. The
manufacturer's recommendations should
be consulted regarding proper procedures
and fluxes for such solders and about the
expected properties.
Soldering Flux

The functions of the soldering flux are to
remove residual traces of oxides, to
promote wetting, and to protect the
surfaces to be soldered from oxidation
during heating. The flux should be
applied to clean surfaces and only enough
should be used to lightly coat the areas to
be joined.

An oxide film may reform quickly on
copper after it has been cleaned.
Therefore, the flux should be applied as
soon as possible after cleaning.

398

WELDED COPPER AND
COPPER ALLOY WATER TUBE

CAUTION

Careless workmanship, especially during
flux applications, can result in corrosion
of the tube long after the system has been
installed. If excessive flux is used, the
residue inside the tube can cause
corrosion. In an extreme case, such
residual flux can actually lead to
perforation through the tube wall causing
leakage. To guard against this danger, it is
important (1) to choose a flux that is not
too corrosive, and (2) to use only the
minimum amount actually needed to
make the joint.
2.3.5 Solder Joints

Soldering and brazing both involve basic
steps, which must be executed with care
and craftsmanship. The steps are:

(1) Measuring

(2) Cutting

(3) Reaming

(4) Cleaning

(5) Fluxing

(6) Assembly and support

(7) Heating

(8) Applying the filler metal

(9) Cooling and cleaning

Each step contributes to a strong,
dependable Joint.

2.3.5.1 Measuring

Measuring the length of each tube
segment must be accurate. Inaccuracy can
compromise joint quality. If the tube is too
short it will not reach all the way into the
socket of the fitting and a proper joint
cannot be made. If the tube segment is too
long, there is danger of cocking the tube in
the fitting and putting strain on the
system which could affect service life.

2.3.5.2 Cutting

Once the tube is measured it can be cut.
Cutting can be accomplished in a number
of different ways to produce a satisfactory
square end. The tube can be cut with a
disc-type tube cutter, a hacksaw, an
abrasive wheel, or with a stationary or
portable handsaw. Care must be taken
that the tube is not deformed while being
cut. Regardless of method, the cut must be
square with the run of the tube so that the
tube will seat properly in the fitting
socket.

2.3.5.3 Reaming

All pipe and tube shall be reamed to the
full I.D. of the pipe and tube.

IS 21

Tools used to ream tube ends include the
reaming blade on the tube cutter, half-
round or round files, a pocket knife, and a
suitable deburring tool. With annealed
tube, care must be taken not to deform the
tube end by applying too much pressure.
Both the inside and the outside of the tube
may require removal of the burr.

2.3.5.4 Cleaning

The removal of oxides and surface soil is
crucial if filler metal is to flow properly
into the joint. Unremoved oxide, surface
soil, and oil can interfere with the strength
of the joint and cause failure.
Mechanical cleaning is a simple operation.
The end of the tube should be abraded
lightly using sand cloth or nylon abrasive
pads for a distance only slightly more
than the depth of the fitting socket. The
socket of the fitting should also be cleaned
using sand cloth, abrasive pads, or a
properly sized fitting brush.
Copper is a relatively soft metal. If too
much material is removed, a loose fit will
result and interfere with satisfactory
capillary action in making the joint. The
capillary space between the tube and
fitting is approximately 0.004 inch (0.1
mm). Solder or brazing filler metal can fill
this gap by capillary action. This spacing
is critical for the filler metal to flow into
the gap and form a strong joint.
Surfaces, once cleaned, should not be
touched with bare hands or oily gloves.
Skin oils, lubricating oils, and grease
impair solder flow and wetting.

2.3.5.5 Fluxing

Stir the flux before use. A good flux will
dissolve and remove traces of oxide from
the cleaned surfaces to be joined, protect
the cleaned surfaces from reoxidation
during heating and promote wetting of
the surfaces by the solder. A thin, even
coating of flux should be applied with a
brush to both tube and fitting. Do not
apply with fingers. Chemicals in the flux
can be harmful if carried to the eyes or
open cuts.

2.3.5.6 Assembly and Support

After both tube and fitting surfaces are
properly fluxed, they should be
assembled, making sure the tube seats
against the base of the fitting socket. A
slight twisting motion ensures even
distribution by the flux. Remove excess

399

IS 21

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

flux. Care must be taken to assure that the
tube and fittings are properly supported
with a uniform capillary space around the
entire circumference of the joint.
Uniformity of capillary space will ensure
good filler metal penetration if the
guidelines of successful joint making are
followed. Excessive joint clearance can
cause the filler metal to crack under stress
or vibration.

The joint is now ready for soldering. Joints
prepared and ready for soldering should
be conipleted the same day and not left
unfinished overnight.

2.3.5.7 Heating

Because an open flame may be used for
soldering, and because flammable gases
are used, safety precautions must be
observed. The heat is generally applied
using an air /fuel torch. Such torches use
acetylene or an LP gas. Electric resistance
tools can also be used.
Heating should begin with the flame
perpendicular to the tube. The copper
tube conducts the initial heat into the
fitting socket for even distribution of heat
inside and out. The extent of this
preheating depends upon the size of the
joint. Experience will indicate the amount
of time needed. The flame should now be
moved onto the fitting. Then move the
flame from the fitting socket back onto the
tube a distance equal to the depth of the
fitting socket. Touch the solder to the
joint. If the solder does not melt, remove it
and continue the heating' process. Be
careful not to overheat or to direct the
flame into the fitting cup. This could cause
the flux to burn and destroy its
effectiveness. When the melting
temperature of the solder has been
reached, heat may be applied to the base
of the cup to aid capillary action in
drawing the solder into the cup.

2.3.5.8 Applying tlie Filler Metal

For tube in a horizontal position, start
applying the solder slightly off-center at
the bottom of the joint. Proceed across the
bottom of the fitting and up to the top
center position. Return to the point of
beginning, overlap the starting point, and
then proceed up the incompleted side to
the top, again, overlapping the solder.
For joints in the vertical position, a similar
sequence of overlapping passes should be

made, starting wherever is convenient.
Molten solder will be drawn into the joint
by capillary action regardless of whether
the solder is being fed upward,
downward, or horizontally.
2.3.5.9 Cooling and Cleaning

After the joint has been completed,
natural cooling is best. Shock cooling with
water may cause unnecessary stress on
the joint and result in eventual failure.
When cool, clean off any remaining flux
with a wet rag.

2.3.6 Brazed Joints

Brazing is the second most commonly
used method for joining copper tube.
Making brazed joints is sinular to making
soldered joints with respect to measuring,
cutting, reaming, cleaning, assembly and
support. And as in soldering, the brazing
filler metal is melted by the heat of the
tube and fitting and draw^n into the joint
by capillary action. [UPC 316.1.7]
The major differences between soldering
and brazing are the:

• Type of flux used,

• Composition of filler metal, and

• Amount of heat required to melt the
filler metal.

2.3.6.1 Brazing Flux

The fluxes used for brazing copper joints
are different in composition from
soldering fluxes. The two types cannot be
used interchangeably. Brazing fluxes are
water based, whereas most soldering
fluxes are petroleum based. Similar to
soldering fluxes, brazing fluxes dissolve
and remove residual oxide from the metal
surface, protect the metal from
reoxidation during heating and promote
wetting of the surfaces to be joined by the
brazing filler metal.

Fluxes also provide the draftsman with an
indication of temperature. Application of
the flux is the same as when soldering. If
the outside of the fitting and the heat-
affected area of the tube are covered with
flux (in addition to the end of the tube and
the cup), oxidation will be prevented and
the appearance of the joint will be greatly
improved.

2.3.6.2 Brazing Filler Metals

There are two general types of brazing
filler metal used for joining copper tube.
Classified according to their components.

400

WELDED COPPER AND
COPPER ALLOY WATER TUBE

they are: BCuP (Brazing-Copper-
Phosphorous) and BAg (Brazing-Silver).
BCuP filler metals are preferred for
joining copper tube and fittings. The
phosphorous in them acts as a fluxing
agent and the lower percentage of silver
makes them relatively low cost. When
using copper tube, wrought copper
fittings, and BCuP brazing filler metal,
fluxing is optional. However, when cast
fittings are brazed, flux must be used.

2.3.6.3 Heating

Oxy/fuel torches are generally used for
brazing because of the higher
temperatures required.
Recent innovations in tip design make
air /fuel torches useful on a wider range of
sizes for brazing.

When working at brazing temperatures,
safety precautions must be followed and
care taken to protect both the operator
and the materials being used.
The heating operation is the same as for
soldering. First preheat the tube and then
the tube and fitting. When the filler metal
starts to melt, apply heat at the base of the
fitting socket to help draw the brazing
filler metal in by capillary action.

2.3.6.4 Applying Brazing Filler Metal
Remember to allow the heat of the joint,
not the flame, to melt the filler metal. The
melted filler metal will be drawn into the
joint by capillary action. It is very
important that the flame be in continuous
motion. It must not be allowed to remain
on any one point long enough to burn
through the tube or fitting.

If the filler metal fails to flow, or has the
tendency to ball-up, it indicates either that
there is oxide on the surfaces being joined
or that the parts to be joined are not hot
enough. If the filler metal refuses to enter
the joint, the fitting cup is not hot enough.
If it tends to flow over the outside of
either part of the joint it indicates that part
is overheated. When the joint is
completed, a continuous fillet should be
visible completely around the joint.
Large diameter tube is more difficult to
heat to the desired temperature. The use of
a heating tip or rosebud may be necessary
to maintain the proper temperature over
the area being brazed. Once total heat
control is attained, follow the same
procedures used for smaller tube.

IS 21

2.3.6.5 Cooling and Cleaning

When the brazed joint is finished, allow it
to cool naturally. Flux residues and some
oxides formed by heating can be removed
by washing with hot water and brushing
with a stainless steel wire brush.

2.3.7 Flared Joints

2.3.7.1 Flared Joints with Impact Flaring
Tools:

Step 1 Cut the tube to the required
length.

Step 2 Remove all burrs. This is very
important to assure metal-to-
metal contact.

Step 3 Slip the coupling nut over the
end of the tube.

Step 4 Insert flaring tool into the tube
end.

Step 5 Drive the flaring tool by hammer
strokes, expanding the end of the
tube to the desired flare. This
requires a few moderately light
strokes.

Step 6 Assemble the joint by placing the
fitting squarely against the flare.
Engage the coupling nut with the
fitting threads. Tighten with two
wrenches, one on the nut and one
on the fitting. [UPC 606.1.1]

2.3.7.2 Flared Joints with Screw-Type Flaring
Tools:

Steps 1-3 Same as for impact flaring
previously described.

Step 4 Clamp the tube in the flaring
block so that the end of the tube
is slightly above the face of the
block.

Step 5 Place the yoke of the flaring
tool on the block so that the
beveled end of the compressor
cone is over the tube end.

Step 6 Turn the compressor screw
down firmly, forming the flare
between the chamber in the
flaring block and the beveled
compressor cone.

Step 7 Remove the flaring tool. The
joint can now be assembled as
in Step 6 for impact flaring.
[UPC 606.2.1]

401

IS 21

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

3.0
3.1

3.2

2.4 Sizing

2.4.1 Velocity.

Note: There are various hydraulic
formulas for the flow of water in pipe. With
high velocity and attendant turbulent flow,
there can be excessive noise and piping
wear. [UPC 610.1]

The designer should aim for maximum
flow velocities in the range of 5 to 8 feet
per second (1.5 - 2.4 meters per second) to
minimize noise and erosion problems. For
the smallest tube sizes, the designer is
wise to work at the bottom of this range,
as a n\aximum, to guard against local high
velocities building up due to faulty
workmanship (e.g. burrs at tube ends
which are not properly reamed) or
unusually numerous changes in flow
direction.

GENERAL INFORMATION

It is not possible to cover all the variables of
a plumbing system; however, the following
information may prove helpful:

Expansion Loops - Copper tube, like all
piping materials, expands and contracts with
temperature changes. Therefore, in a copper
tube system subjected to excessive
temperature changes, the line tends to
buckle or bend when it expands unless
compensation is built into the system. Severe
stresses on the joints may also occur. Such
stresses, buckles, or bends are prevented by
the use of expansion joints or by installing
offsets, "U" bends, coil loops, or similar
arrangements in the tube assembly. These
specially shaped tube segments take up
expansion and contraction without excessive
stress. The expansion of a length of copper
tube may be calculated from the formula:

Temperature Rise (°F) x length (feet) x

12 (inches per foot) x

Expansion Coefficient (inch per inch per °F) =

Expansion (inches), or

Temperature Rise (°C) x Length (meter) x 1000 (mm

per meter) x Expansion Coefficient

(mm per mm per °C) = Expansion (mm).

Calculations for expansion and contraction
should be based on the average coefficient
of expansion of copper which is 0.0000094
per degree F (1.692 x 10"5 per degree C),
between 70°F and 212°F (21 °C and 100°C).
For example, the expansion of each 100 feet

(30.5 meters) of length of any size tube
heated from room temperature (70°F) to
170°F (a 100°F (55.6°C) rise) is 1.128 inches
(28.7 mm).

100°Fx 100 feet X 12 inch/foot x 0.0000094

inch/inch/°F =1.128 inch, or

55.6°C X 30.48 mm x 1000 mm/m x 1.692x10-5

mm/mm/°C = 28. 7 mm

3.3 Tube Supports - See Section 314.0 and
Table 3-2 of the Uniform Plumbing Code.

3.4 Bending - Copper tube, properly bent, will
not collapse on the outside of the bend and
will not buckle on the inside of the bend.
Tests demonstrate that the bursting strength
of a bent copper tube can be greater than it
was before bending. Because copper is
readily formed, expansion loops and other
bends necessary in an assembly are quickly
and simply made if the proper method and
equipment are used. Simple hand tools
employing mandrels, dies, forms, and fillers,
or power-operated bending machines, are
used.

3.4.1 Both annealed tube and bending-temper
tube can be bent with hand benders. The
proper size bender for each size tube must be
used. Usually the size of the tool
corresponds to the nominal outside diameter
of the tube, not the standard tube size. For a
guide to the typical bend radii, see the
following bending guide for copper tube.

ADOPTED:
REVISED:

1980
1989,2003

402

WELDED COPPER AND
COPPER ALLOY WATER TUBE

IS 21

BENDING GUIDE FOR COPPER TUBE

Tube Size,
In. (mm)

Tube Type

Temper

Minimum

Bend Radius,

In. (mm)

Type of Bending
Equipment

1/4 (6.4)

K,L

Annealed

3/4 (19.1)

Lever type

3/8 (9.5)

K,L
K,L,M

Annealed
Drawn

1-1/2 (38)

3 (76)

1-3/4 (45)

Lever or gear type
None; by hand*
Gear Type

1/2 (12.7)

K,L
K,L,M

Annealed
Drawn

2-1/4 (57)
4-1/2 (114)
2-1/2 (64)

Lever or gear type
None; by hand*
Gear type

3/4(19.1)

K,L

K

L

K

K,L

Annealed
Drawn

3 (76)

4-1/2 (114)

6 (152)

3 (76)

4 (102)

Lever of gear type
None; by hand*
None; by hand*
Gear type
Heavy-duty gear t5rpe

1 (25.4)

K,L

Annealed

4 (102)
7-1/2 (191)

Gear type
None; by hand*

1-1/4(31.8)

K,L

Annealed

9 (229)

None; by hand*

* When bending by hand, without the use of bending equipment, a circular
wooden disc is used. The radius of the disc should be about 1/4 to 1/2 inch (6.4 to
12.7 mm) less than the minimum bend radius shown.

403

IS 21 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

404

1.0

1.1

Note:

Installation Standard

for

TRENCHLESS INSERTION OF

POLYETHYLENE (PE) PIPE FOR SEWER LATERALS

lAPMO IS 26-2003

SCOPE

This standard shall govern the Trenchless
Installation of Polyethylene (PE) pipe for use
in sanitary and storm sewers. The installed
pipe shall comply with the requirements of
the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC™)
published by the International Association
of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
(lAPMO) as to grade and connections to
existing pipe and shall also comply with this
standard.

The following sections of tfie Uniform
Plumbing Code apply.

103.5.3 Testing of Systems

103.5.4.2 Responsibihty

103.5.5 Other Inspections

103.5.5.1 Defective Systems

103.6.2 Other Connections

218.0 Definition of PE

301.1 Minimum Standards
310.0 Workmanship

313.0 Protection of Piping,

Materials, and Structures

315.0 Trenching, Excavation, and

Backfill

316.2.3 Plastic Pipe to Other
Materials

Chapter 7 Sanitary Drainage

701.2 Fittings

ABBREVIATIONS

ASTM American Society for Testing Materials

lAPMO International Association of Plumbing and

Mechanical Officials
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Minimum Standards
2.1.1 Materials

Materials shall comply with the following:
The polyethylene pipe used is covered by
the ASTM standards listed later in this
standard. [UPC 301.1]

Materials

HDRE Extra High Molecular
Weight 3408 SDR 17 Pipe
Socket-Type PE Fittings
for Outside Diameter-Controlled
Polyethylene Pipe

ASTM
Standard

F714

D2683

Note: The HDPE 3408 SDR 17 pipe used in this
process was selected because of its ability to
retain its circular shape even when bent on a 4-
foot radius during and after installation.

2.1.2

Table 14-1 Standards

ASTM D 1412

ASTM D 2239

ASTM D 2683

ASTM D 2447

ASTM D 2657

ASTM D 3261

ASTM F 714

ASTM F 894

lAPMO PS 25

2.2

Protection of Pipe

2.2.1

Storage and Handlinc

Pipe shall be stored in a way to protect it
from mechanical damage (slitting,
puncturing, etc.). It shall be stored under
cover to keep it clean and avoid long term
exposure to sunlight. Exposure to sunlight
during normal construction periods is not
harmful.

2.3 Types of Joints.

PE joints shall be made as follows:

2.3.1 Molded Rubber Coupling Joints

Molded rubber coupling joints shall be
installed in accordance with Appendix I of
the UPC and with Section 705.1.6.

2.3.2 Shielded Coupling Joints

Shielded coupling joints shall be installed in
accordance with Appendix I of the UPC and
with Section 705.1.8.

405

IS 26

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.3.4 Hubless Cast Iron Pipe Joints

Hubless cast iron pipe joints shall be
installed in accordance with Appendix I of
the UPC and with Section 705.1.9.

2.3.5 Heat Fusion Joints.

Heat fusion joints shall be made according
to the manufacturer's procedure, installation
instructions, and either ASTM D 2659 or
ASTM D 3261 and shall meet the
requirements of Section 701.1 of the UPC.

2.4 Trenciiiess Installation of sewers will be as
follows:

I. Preliminary Steps

Inspect the inside of the sewer line
using a television camera and video
tape recorder to ascertain the line
condition. Mark the details revealed
by the video inspection including:

1. The ground surface to
show the location of the
lateral tie of the city wye.

2. The line location with an
arrow in the street pointing
back at the lateral.

3. The property denoting the
lateral location.

4. The locations of the
proposed excavations.

Obtain utility line identification
service contact information and all
applicable permits.

II. Excavation

In addition to the above markings,
the local utility companies will
mark utilities. Considerations are
soil density; clearance from
obstacles, utilities, and structures;
location of bends; and water service
locations. Excavations and shoring
shall be in accordance with
jurisdictional safety requirements.

III. Setup

Fuse the proper length of
polyethylene pipe in accordance
with ASTM D 2657 or ASTM D 2657
and fuse the end to a small length
that is attached to the pulling head.
A rod pusher cable is pushed
through the damaged host pipe and
attached to the pulling cable, which
is then drawn through the pipe. The
clevis end of the cable is attached to
the pulling head. The pulling
equipment is then set up according
to the manufacturers instructions.

IV. Pulling

Pull the pulling head through. Once
the pull is done, complete the
connection to the existing piping.

2.5 Cleanouts

Cleanouts shall be installed in accordance
with UPC Section 707.

2.6 Inspections

The completed piping shall be internally
inspected by television camera unless
waived by the Administrative Authority.
[UPC 103.5]

2.7 Testing

Completed piping shall be subjected to
testing in accordance with Section 712.0 or
723.0 of the UPC.

ADOPTED: 1999
REVISED: 2002,2003

406

Installation Standard
for

ODOR CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR WATER CLOSETS

lAPMO IS 27-2003

1.0 SCOPE

1 .1 This standard shall govern the installation of
Odor Control Systems for Water Closets.
Installation, material and inspection shall
comply with the requirements of the
Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC™) published
by the International Association of
Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
(lAPMO) and this standard.

Note: The Building Official shall be consulted about
penetration of fire separations, height and area or
other limitations.

Note: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code apply to Odor Control Systems for
Water Closets.

Inspection

Definitions

Minimum Standards

Workmanship

Prohibited Fittings and Practices

Screwed Fittings

Protection of Piping, Materials and

Structures

Hangars and Supports

Joints and Connections

Prohibited Joints and Connections

Increasers and Reducers

Sanitary Drainage

Materials (Drainage)

Fittings

Materials (Venting)

Material Uses

Materials

Cast Bronze Solder-Joint Drainage
Fittings - DWV
Wrought Copper and Copper
Alloy Solder-Joint Drainage Fittings
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
Specification for Hubless Cast Iron
Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary
and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent
Piping Applications
Specification for Seamless Copper
Pipe, Standard Sizes
ASTM B 302 Specification for Threadless Copper
Pipe, Standard Sizes

103.5
Chapter 2
301.1
310.0
311.0
311.8
313.0

314.0

316.0

316.4

317.0
Chapter 7

701.0

701.2

903.0
1101.3
Table 14-1
ASME B 16.23

ASME B 16.29

ASTM A 74
ASTM A 888

ASTM B 306
ASTM B 828

ASTM D 2564
ASTM D 2661
ASTM D 2665
ASTM D 3311

ASTM B 42

ASTM F 402

ASTM F 628
ASTM F 656
ASTM F 891
CISPI 301

lAPMO IS 3
lAPMO IS 5
lAPMO IS 6
lAPMO IS 9
UL 1004

Specification for Copper Drainage

Tube (DWV)

Standard Practice for Making

Capillary Joints by Soldering of

Copper and Copper Alloy Tube

and Fittings

Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl

Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping

Systems

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene

(ABS) Sch. 40 Plastic Drain, Waste

and Vent Pipe and Fittings

Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic

Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and

Fittings

Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV)

Plastic Fitting Patterns (note:

although referenced in this

standard, some of the fittings

shown in the standard are not

acceptable under the Uniform

Plumbing Code.)

Safe Handling of Solvent Cement,

Primers, and Cleaners Used for

Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and

Fittings

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene

(ABS) Sch. 40 Plastic Drain, Waste

and Vent Pipe with a Cellular Core

Primers for Use in Solvent Cement

Joints of Poly (Vinyl Chloride)

(PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings

Coextruded Poly (Vinyl Chloride)

(PVC) Plastic Pipe with a Cellular

Core

Hubless Cast iron Soil Pipe and

Fittings for Sanitary and Storm

Drain, Waste and Vent Piping

Applications

Copper Plumbing Tube, Pipe and

Fittings

ABS Building Drain, Waste and

Vent Pipe and Fittings

Hubless Cast Iron Sanitary and

Rainwater Systems

PVC Building Drain, Waste and

Vent Pipe and Fittings

Electric Motors

407

IS 27

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.0
2.1
2.1.1

2.1.2

2.2
2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS
Minimum Standards
Materials

All materials shall comply with the
appropriate standards in Table 14-1 of the
UPC.

All pipe and fittings shall be made from
approved DWV materials and shall be
installed in accordance with the
requirements of Chapter 7 of the Uniform
Plumbing Code entitled. Sanitary Drainage.
In addition, all pipe and fittings shall be
installed in accordance with the applicable
lAPMO Installation Standard. [UPC 701.0]

Odor Control System Components
Inlet Connection - Tlie inlet for DWV odor
control systems shall be connected at the
tailpiece of the flushometer operated water
closet using a listed tee. The tee shall
immediately transition to the odor control
riser using approved DWV pipe and fittings.
Riser — The odor control riser shall be made
from listed DWV pipe no smaller than 2-1/2
inch diameter. This minimum riser size was
selected to adequately handle the required
minimum odor control air flow rate. The
riser height shall be a minimum of 6 feet as
measured from the connection at the
sanitary tee to the overhead connection at
the odor control manifold. The minimum
riser height was selected to adequately
handle the maximum possible water rise
generated during the flushometer flushing
cycle.

Manifold - The odor control manifold,
including all horizontal piping within the
odor control system, shall be 1/8" per foot
horizontally sloped back to the last riser.
The manifold shall be made from approved
DWV material no smaller than the pipe size
as determined by using Table 1 of this
Installation Standard. No traps are
permitted within the odor control piping
system.

Note: The attached Figures 1 and 2 illustrate
the basic configuration to be used for the
design of any Odor Control System installed
in accordance with this Installation
Standard.

2.3
2.3.1

2.3.2

2.4
2.4.1

2.4.2

2.5
2.5.1

System Sizing

Minimum Inlet Flow Rate - The odor
control system shall provide a minimum
average air flow rate of 5 cfm at each inlet
connection (tee).

Minimum Inlet Draft - The odor control
systern shall provide a minimum average
draft of 1/4 inch WC (water column) as
measured inside the inlet connection (tee),
or a minimum of 0.10 inch of WC at the
small perforations in the top rim of the
water closet bowl.

Exhaust Fan

The exhaust fan shall be listed for
installation in outdoor and wet locations
and in conditioned air streams up to 140°F
and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of UL 1004.
The odor control system exhaust fan shall be
installed in accordance with local building
and electrical code requirements and shall
comply with drainage venting termination
requirements of the Uniform Plumbing
Code.

System Testing

Measure the suction pressure at any
perforation of the water closet rim. The
minimum reading should be 0.10 inch of
water column.

Note: For conditions other than those
covered in Table 1 the exliaust manifold and
the main exhaust riser to the odor control
system exhaust fan shall be sized to
maintain an average air velocity of 300 ±50
feet per minute.

ADOPTED: 2001
REVISED: 2003

408

ODOR CONTROL SYSTEMS
FOR WATER CLOSETS

IS 27

TABLE 1

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF WATER CLOSETS
CONNECTED TO AN EXHAUST MANIFOLD

Pipe Diameter (inch)

2-1/2

3

4

5

6

8

Maximum No. of Water Closets

2

3

6

8

10

22

STANDARD "TEE" TO
FIT DRAIN TUBE

WATER CLOSET

ODOR CONTROL SYSTEM
EXHAUST HEADER @ 6'-0" MlN.
ABOVE POINT "A". SIZE AS
PER TABLE I .

PLUMBING CHASE

2-1/2" RISER (MlN.)

OINT "A" (REF.)

VENT

ASTE CARRIER

Figure 1

409

IS 27

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

-UP TO EXH. FAN

Figure 2

410

Installation Standard

For

COMPOSITE PEX-AL-PEX HOT AND PE-AL-PE COLD

WATER-DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

IS 28-2005

1.0 SCOPE

1 .1 This standard shall govern the installation of
composite piping in potable hot and cold
water distribution systems within and
under buildings and shall apply only to
PEX-AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE piping meeting
the requirements of ASTM F 1281 and
ASTM F 1282 and fittings meeting the
requirements of ASTM F 1974. Installation,
materials, and inspection should comply
with the current edition of the Uniform
Plumbing Code published by the
International Association of Plumbing and
Mechanical Officials, and shall also comply
with this standard and manufacturer's
installation recommendations.

NOTE: The following sections of the Uniform
Plumbing Code shall apply to composite
PEX-AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE tubing.

310.0 Workmanship

313.0 Protection of Piping, Materials,
and Structures

316.1 Types of Joints

316.2.3 Plastic Pipe to Other Materials

Chapter 6 Water Supply and Distribution

Chapter 2* DEFINITIONS

ASTM American Society for Testing and

Materials
lAPMO International Association of

Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
PEX-AL-PEX Crosslinked Polyethylene-

Aluminum-Crosslinked Polyethylene
PE-AL-PE Polyefhylen Aluminum-Polyethylene
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code as

published by lAPMO

2.0 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Materials and Fittings

2.1.1 Materials. Materials shall comply with the
following requirements:

Materials

Crosslinked Polyethylene-
Aluminum-Crosslinked
Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX)
Polyethylene- Aluminum-

ASTM
Standard

F1281

2.1.2

2.1.3

2.2
2.2.1

Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE)
Metal Insert Fittings for
PEX-AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE
composite pipe

F1282

F1974

Piping. PEX-AL-PEX composite pipe shall

comply with ASTM F 1281. PE-AL PE

composite pipe shall comply with ASTM F

1282.

Fittings. Fittings shall be metal insert type

and shall comply with ASTM F 1974.

Fittings are limited to the following t5^es:

(a) Insert fittings or compression type
fittings; and

(b) Special listed fittings of other types.
Connections to galvanized pipe or
fittings shall be specifically
designed for that purpose.

NOTE 1: Manufacturers of fittings shall
recommend assembly procedures.

Markings

Piping. Composite piping shall be legibly
marked at intervals of not more than 5 ft.
(1.5 m) with at least the following:

(a) Manufacturer's name or trademark;

(b) ASTM F 1281(PEX-AL-PEX) or
F 1282 (PE-AL-PE);

(c) Piping size;

(d) Material type - PEX-AL-PEX or PE-
AL-PE;

(e) Pressure ratings for water and the
temperature for which the temperature
rating is valid;

(f) Mark of an acceptable certification
agency; and

(g) Manufacturer's date and material code.
[UPC 301.1.2]

The elevated temperature and pressure
ratings for PEX-AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE in
accordance with ASTM F 1281 and ASTM F
1282 are:

PEX-AL-PEX
(orange colored)

200 psi

125 psi

at 73°F

at 180°F

PEX-AL-PE
(blue colored)

200 psi

100 psi

at 73°F

at 180°F

411

IS 28

2.2.2 Fittings. Fittings shall be marked with at
least the following:

(a) Manufacturer's name or trademark or
other acceptable markings; and

(b) The mark of an acceptable certification
agenc; and

(c) If size permits, ASTM F 1974. [UPC
301.1.2]

2.2.3 Position of Markings. When practical,
markings shall be visible for inspection.
Markings shall be visible prior to
installation.

2.3 Protection of Piping

2.3.1 Abrasion. Piping passing through metallic
studs, joists, or hollow masonry walls shall
be protected from abrasion or sharp edges
by elastomeric or plastic sleeves, grommets,
conical shaped punch holes or other
approved means.

2.3.2 Puncture. Steel plate protection, minimum
18 gauge, shall be installed when the tubing
is within 1 in. (25 mm) of the nailing surface.
[UPC 313.9]

2.4
2.4.1

2.4.2

2.4.3

Exposed Piping

General - Where exposed tubing may be
subjected to mechanical damage it must be
protected.

Freezing. In areas where the system must be
drained to protect the system from freezing,
horizontal lines shall be graded to drain.
Storage. Piping shall be stored in a way to
protect the system from mechanical damage
(slitting, puncturing, etc.). Piping should be
stored undercover to keep it clean and avoid
long term exposure to sunlight. Consult
piping manufacturer for recommended
limits for outside storage.

2.5 Thermal Expansion

2.5.1 General. The linear expansion rate for PEX-
AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE is 1.56 in. (39.6 mm)
per 100 ft. (30m) of tube per 100°F (55°C)
change in temperature. No accommodation
for thermal expansion is required.

2.5.2 Clearance. Bored holes and sleeves shall
provide adequate clearance between the
piping and structure to allow for free
longitudinal movement.

2.6 Hangers and Supports

2.6.1 Vertical Piping. Vertical piping shall be
supported at every floor. Piping shall have
a mid-story guide.

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

2.6.2 Horizontal Piping. Horizontal piping shall
be supported according to the following
Table 1.

Table 1
Support Spacing

Nominal Diameter

1/2", 3/4", and 1"

Spacing

8' 2" (2489 mm)

2.6.3

2.7

2.8
2.8.1

2.8.2

2.8.3
2.8.3.1

2.8.4

Hangers and Anchors. Piping shall not be
anchored rigidly to a support, but shall be
secured with hangers or straps that provide
for a degree of movement and that prevent
damage to the tubing. Do not use hangers or
straps with sharp or abrasive edges. Do not
use hangers that pinch the piping. [UPC 314.0]

Inspection and Testing

A. Inspection. All tubing shall be properly
seated on to the fitting per the manu-facturer's
instructions. For crimp fittings, each crimped
joint shall be checked. Buckled, gouged, or
obviously damaged pipe shall not be used.
Consult manu-facturer's recommendations for
repair procedures.

B. Testing. Upon completion of a section
or of the entire hot and cold water supply
system it shall be tested and proved tight
under a water pressure or air test not less
than the working pressure under which it is
to be used. The water used for tests shall be
obtained from a potable source. The system
shall withstand the test without leaking for a
period of not less than fifteen (15) minutes.

Joints and Connections

Procedure. Piping should be cut with a

pipe cutter designed specifically for

composite pipe. Piping shall be cut square,

i.e. perpendicular to the length. No other

cutting m^ethods shall be used and care must

be taken to remove any excess material,

flashing, or burrs.

Tools. Fitting manufacturer's recommended

tool shall be used with the composite insert

fitting systems. For specific procedures,

follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

Transition Joints

Fittings. Transitions for composite tubing to

metal piping or valves shall be made only

with transition fittings intended for that

purpose.

Joints. Joints shall not be allowed in piping

installed in or under a concrete slab resting

on grade unless for repair within a building

412

COMPOSITE PEX-AL-PEX HOT AND PE-AL-PE
COLD WATER-DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

structure. All repair joints must be properly
protected with a heat shrink sleeve. All slab
penetrations shall be sleeved.

2.9 Pressure Relief Valves

2.9.1 PEX-AL-PEX Piping. PEX-AL-PEX piping
used for temperature and /or pressure relief
valve drain lines shall be graded to the outlet
end and shall be supported at a maximum of
8 ft. 2 in. (2489 mm) interval horizontally.
Vertical piping shall be supported at every
floor. Vertical piping shall have a mid-story
guide.

2.10 Installation

2.10.1 Bends. Piping shall be installed by bending
the composite pipe by hand to a minimum
radius of 5 times the nominal pipe diameter.
External bend supports or sleeves are not
required as the composite piping is rigid
after bending.

2.10.2 Damage. Kinked, buckled, gouged, or other
obvious damaged pipe shall not be used.

2.10.3 Finish Nipples. Finish nipples shall be
connected to drop ear fittings to prevent
rotation. Finish nipples shall not be PEX.

2.10.4 Hose Bibs. The piping directly connected
to any hose bib shall be so anchored that the
load on the hose bib will not strain the
composite piping.

2.10.5 Heated Joints. An open flame shall not be
applied to PEX-AL-PEX or PE-AL-PE piping
when brazing, soldering, or welding joints.

2.10.6 Working Pressure and Temperature.
Long term working pressures for the PEX-
AL-PEX shall not exceed a maximum of 125
psi (860 kPa) and the long term working
temperature shall not exceed 180°F (82°C).
Long term working pressures for the PE-AL-
PE shall not exceed a maximum of 100 psi
(690 kPa) and the long term working
temperature shall not exceed 180°F (82°C).

2.10.7 Exposure to Sunlight. Only UV stabilized
composite piping can be subjected to direct
sunlight after installation and can be
installed on the surface of the building.
Composite pipe contains an ultraviolet (UV)
inhibitor to withstand limited exposure to
UV light. Manufacturer's recommends
placing the unused portion of a coil back in
the product's box rather than storing in the
sunlight while not in use.

2.10.8 Water Heater Connections. PEX-AL-PEX
or PE-AL-PE piping shall not be installed
within the first eighteen inches (18) (457
mm) of piping connected to a water heater.
[UPC 604.13.2]

IS 28

2.10.9 Water Hammer Arrestors. A composite hot
water system will withstand repeated
pressure surges, well in excess of its rated
pressure. The Uniform Plumbing Code
requires a means of attenuating water
hammer. Consequently, water hammer
arrestors shall be required when solenoid
valves or other quick closing devices are
used in the system. In designing for such
situations, it is advisable to consult the pipe
or fittings manufacturer for recommended
surge pressure limits. Water hammer and
surge pressure calculations are reviewed in
Chapter 7, AWWA Manual M-11. [UPC
609.10]

2.11 Sizing

2.1 1 .1 Method. Piping shall be sized in accordance
with UPC Section 610.0.
When UPC Appendix A is applicable, use
Table A2. Add equivalent lengths from^
Table A3 when determining developed
length.

Maximum velocities through PEX-AL-PEX
and PE-AL-PE copper alloy fittings shall be
limited to eight (8) feet per second (fps) (2.4
mps) in cold water and five (5) feet per
second (fps) (1.52 mps) in hot water. [UPC
610.0]

413

IS 28

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Table 2

Flow
Rate

1/2"

3/4"

1"

U.S.

GPM

i

\

Head Loss
PsI/c.ft. ■;

Velocity
Ftys

Head

Loss

Psi/cft.

Velocity
Ftys

Head Loss
f Psi/cft.

a-;

Velocity
Ftys

0.1

0.02

0.2

0.002

0.07

0.001

0.04

0.2

0.1

0.4

0.01

0.1

0.002

0.08

0.3

0.2

0.6

0.02

0.2

0.005

0.1

0.4

0.3

0.7

0.03

0.3

0.009

0.2

0.5

0.5

0.9

0.04

0.3

0.01

0.2

0.6

0.6

1.1

0.05

0.4

0.02

0.3

0.7

0.9

1.3

0.07

0.5

0.02

0.3

0.8

1.1

1.5

0.09

0.5

0.03

0.3

0.9

1.4

1.7

0.1

0.6

0.04

04

1.0

1.6

1.8

0.1

0.7

0.05

0.4

2.0

5.9

3.7

0.5

1.3

0.2

0.9

3.0

12.5

5.5

1.0

2.0

0.4

1.3

4.0

21.3

7.3

1.8

2.6

0.6

1.7

5.0

2.7

3.3

0.9

2.1

6.0

3.8

4.0

1.3

2.5

7.0

5.0

4.6

1.7

3.0

8.0

6.4

5.3

2.2

3.4

9.0

8.0

5.9

2.7

3.8

10.0

9.7

6.6

3.3

4.2

11.0

11.6

7.2

3.9

4.6

12.0

13.6

7.9

4.6

5.0

13.0

5.3

5.5

14.0

6.1

5.9

15.0

6.9

6.3

16.0

7.8

6.3

17.0

8.7

6.7

18.0

9.7

7.1

19.0

10,7

7.6

20.0

11.8

8.0

Table 3
Developed Length

Sizes, Inches

Type of Fittings ;

Equivalent

Length of Pipe

(Feet)

1/2

Couplings

Adapters

Elbows

Tees (Branch Flow)

Tees (On the Run)

2

2
7.5

8
2.5

3/4

Couplings

Adapters

Elbows

Tees (Branch Flow)

Tees (On the Run)

2

2

8.5
10.5
2.5

1

Couplings

Adapters

Elbows

Tees (Branch Flow)

Tees (On the Run)

2
2
9
11
2.5

414

Installation Standard

For

FLEXIBLE PVC HOSE

lAPMO SIS 1-2003

This standard shall govern the installation of
Flexible PVC Hose (with solvent cemented joints) in
Pools, Hot Tubs, Spas and Jetted Bathtubs.

Installation, material and inspection shall
comply with the current edition of the Uniform
Swimming Pool Code and Uniform Plumbing Code
published by the International Association of
Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, and shall also
comply with this Standard.

NOTE: The following sections of the Uniform
Swimming Pool Code and Uniform Plumbing
Code apply to Flexible PVC Hose.

Definitions

Materials

Piping

Joints and Connections

Tests

USPC

201.0
Table 6-1
309.0
314.0
317.0
UPC

218. Definitions of PVC
Table 14-1 Materials

310.0 Workmanship

313.0 Protection of Piping, Material, and

Structures
315.0 Backfilling
ABBREVIATIONS

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
lAPMO International Association of Plumbing and

Mechanical Officials
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code
USPC Uniform Swimming Pool, [Spa and Hot
Tub] Code

1.0 MINIMUM STANDARDS

1.1 Material. Materials shall perform to the
appropriate standard in Table 6 -1 of the
Uniform Swimming Pool Code.

1.2 Applicable Standards. For applicable
standards, see Table 6 -1 of the Uniform
Swimming Pool Code.

2.0 MARKINGS

2.1 Hoses, fittings, solvent cement and primer
used shall be marked with the designated
lAPMO certification mark to show
compliance with this standard.

3.0 PROTECTION OF HOSES

3.1 Storage. Unprotected hose shall not be
stored in direct sunlight. The hose shall be
stored in a way to protect it from mechanical
damage (slitting, puncturing, etc.). Exposure
to sunlight during normal construction
periods is not harmful. PVC solvent cement
shall be stored in a cool place, except when
actually in use at the job site. The solvent
cement manufacturer's specific storage
recommendations shall be followed.

3.2 Thermal Expansion. Hose shall be "snaked"
in the trench bottom with enough slack, at
least 6 in. (152.4 mm) per 100 ft. (30.5 m), to
compensate for thermal expansion and
contraction before stabilizing hose. Stabilize
hose by bringing it approximately to
operating temperature before testing and
backfilling by one of the following methods:

(a) Backfill with a layer of soil for shading.

(b) Fill with water at operating temperature.

(c) Allow to stand overnight.

3.3 Exposed Hose. Hose above grade when
located on the exterior of the building or
structure shall be protected from mechanical
damage to the satisfaction of the
Administrative Authority. Where exposed
to sunlight, the hose shall be wrapped with
at least 0.040 in. (1.0 mm) of tape or other
approved method acceptable to the
Administrative Authority.

4.0 TRENCHING, COVER, AND BACKFILL

4.1 Trenching and Cover. Trench bottoms
shall be uniformly graded and shall be of
either undisturbed soil or shall consist of a
layer or layers of compacted backfill so that
minimum settlement w^ill take place.

4.2 Backfill. Selected backfill shall be used to
provide firm continuous support and proper
compaction. Backfill over hose, except that
joints shall be left exposed. After inspection
and pressure test, complete backfill to a
minimum of 12 in. (0.3 m) cover.

5.0 INSTALLATION

5.1 Solvent Cement Joints

5.1.1 Selection. Solvent cement shall be
recommended for flexible PVC hose by the

415

SIS1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

5.1.2

5.1.3

5.1.4

5.1.5
5.1.5.1

manufacturer. Follow manufacturer's
recommendations for types of solvent
cemerit for flexible PVC hose.
Handling (to maintain effectiveness). Use
solvent cement in containers no larger than 1
quart (1, liter). Keep solvent cement can
closed and in the shade when not in use.
Keep applicator submerged in solvent
cement between application. When solvent
cement becomes thicker, THROW IT AWAY.
Solvent cement shall NOT be thinned.
Size of Applicator. Follow manufacturer's
recommendations.

Application. Follow., manufacturer's
recommendations .
General Principles

To consistently make good joints, the
following should be clearly understood and
adhered to:

(a) The joining surfaces must be softened
(dissolved) and made semi-fluid.
Sufficient cement must be applied to fill
the gap between hose and fitting.
Assembly of hose and fittings must be
made while the surfaces are still wet and

fluid. :

(d) Joint strength develops as the cement
. dries. In the tight part of the joints the

. surfaces will tend to fuse together; in the
loose part the cement will bond to both
surfaces.

(e) When solvent welding flexible PVC hose
to other .than PVC fittings, follow
manufacturer's installation instructions.

5.1.5.2 Penetration and dissolving can be achieved
by the cement itself, by a suitable primer, or
by the use of both primer and cement. A
suitable primer will penetrate and dissolve
the plastic more quickly than cement alone.
In cold weather more time and additional
applications are required (see Fig. 1).

5.1.5.3 More than sufficient cement to fill the loose
part of the joint must be applied (see Fig. 2).
Besides filling the gap, adequate cement

(b)
(c)

^^m^—

\

yyj^^S^aa^)

Figure 1

Areas of Hose and Fittings to be Softened
(Dissolved) and Penetrated

layers, will penetrate the surfaces and also
remain wet until the joint is assembled.

5.1.5.4 If the cement coatings on the hose and
fittings are wet and fluid when assembly

Figure 2

Cement Coatings of Sufficient Thickness

takes place, they will tend to flow together
and become one cement layer. Also, if the
cement is wet the surfaces beneath them will
still be soft, and these dissolved Surfaces in
the tight part of the. joint will tend to fuse
togetlier (see Fig. 3).

5.1.5.5 As the solvent dissipates, the cement layer
and the dissolved surfaces will harden with
a corresponding increase in joint strength. A

Figure 3

Assembly of Surfaces While They Are Wet and Soft

good joint will take the required working
pressure long before the joint is fully dry and
final strength is obtained. In the tight (fused)
part of the joint, strength will develop more
quickly than in the looser (bonded) part of the
joint. Completed joints should not be
disturbed until they have cured sufficiently to
withstand handling. Joint strength develops
as the cement, dries. Information about
development of bond strength of solvent
cemented joints is available (see Fig. 4).

416

FLEXIBLE PVC HOSE

SIS1

Bonded Surges

Fused Suifsuces

i

ii*©«er^

Figure 4

Bonded and Fused Surfaces of Joined Hoses

5.1.6 Procedure

NOTE: Do not take SHORT CUTS. Most

failures are caused by short cuts. DON'T

TAKE A CHANCE.

Step 1 Cut hose square with hand saw and
miter box, mechanical cut-off saw,
or tube cutter designed for plastic.

Step 2 Ream and chamfer hose (to
eliminate sharp edges, beads and all
burrs).

Step 3 Clean all dirt, moisture, and grease
from hose and fitting socket. Use a
clean, dry rag.

Step 4 Check dry fit of hose in fitting. Hose
should enter fitting socket from 1/3
to 3/4 depth of socket.

Step 5 Soften inside socket surface by
applying an aggressive primer
which is a true solvent for PVC and
is recommended by the
manufacturer.

Step 6 Soften mating outside surface of
hose to depth of socket by applying
a liberal coat of the (aggressive)
primer. Be sure entire surface is
softened.

Step 7 Again coat inside socket surface
with the (aggressive) primer. Then,
without delay, apply solvent cement
liberally to outside of hose. Use
more than enough to fill any gaps.

Step 8 Apply a light coat of PVC solvent
cement to inside of socket using
straight outward strokes (to keep
excess solvent out of socket). This is
also to prevent solvent cement
damage to hose. For loose fits, apply
a second coat of solvent cement.
Time is important at this stage. (See
5.1.4)

Step 9 While both the inside socket surface
and the outside surface of the hose
are SOFT and WET with solvent
cement, forcefully bottom the hose

in the socket, giving the hose a one-
quarter turn, if possible. The hose
must go to the bottom of the socket.

Step 1 Hold the joint together until tight.

Step 11 Wipe excess cement from the hose.
A properly made joint will normally
show a bead around its entire
perimeter. Any gaps may indicate
insufficient cement or the use of
light bodied cement on larger
diameters where heavy bodied
cement should have been used.

Step 12 Do not disturb joint for the
following periods:

3d minutes minimum at 60°F to 100°F
(16°C to 38°C)

1 hour minimum at 40°F to 60°F (4°C to
16°C)

2 hours miiumum at 20°F to 40°F (-7°C to
4°C)

4 hours minimum at 0°F to 20°F (-18°C to -
7°C)

Handle the newly assembled joints
carefully during these periods. If
gaps (step 11) or loose fits are
encountered in the system, double
these periods.
Step 13 The system shall not be pressurized
until the joints have cured (set) at
least as long as recommended by
the manufacturer. If manufacturer's
recommendation is not available,
the cure times as shown in Table 1
are required.
5.1 .7 Installation and Testing

5.1.7.1 Installation. The hose shall be properly
supported to prevent excessive sagging.

5.1.7.2 Testing.

(a) All pool, spa, and hot tub piping shall be
inspected and approved before being
covered or concealed, except as
permitted by sections 3.2 and 4.2. It shall
be tested and proved tight to the
satisfaction of the Administrative
Authority, under a static water or air
pressure test of not less than 35 psi (241
kPa) for 15 minutes.

EXCEPTION: All exposed equipment
need not be tested as required in this
section.

(b) All swimming pool, spa, or hot tub
installations must be completed, filled
with water, and in operation before final
inspection.

417

SIS1

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

5.1.8 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND
PRECAUTIONS^

5.1.8.1 General. Solvents contained in PVC plastic
hose cements are classified as airborne
contaminants and flammable and
combustible liquids. Precautions listed in
this section should be followed to avoid
injury to personnel and the hazard of fire.

'CAUTION: Primers are toxic. Don't allow them to touch skin. Suitable
gloves are advised.

5.1.8.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Prolonged breathing of solvent vapors
should be avoided. When hose and
fittings are being joined in partially
enclosed areas, a ventilating device
should be used in such a manner to
minimize the entry of vapors into the
breathing areas.

2. Solvent cements should be kept away
from all sources of ignition, heat, sparks
and open flame.

3. Containers for solvent cements should
be kept tightly closed except when the
cement is being used.

4. All rags and other materials used for
mopping up spills should be kept in a
safety waste receptacle which should be
emptied daily.

5. Most of the solvents used in PVC hose
cements can be considered eye irritants
and contact with the eye should be
avoided for it may cause eye injury.
Proper eye protection and the use of
chemical goggles or face shields is
advisable where the possibility of
splashing exists in handling solvent
cements. In case of eye contact, flush
with plenty of water for 15 min. and call
a physician immediately.

6. Repeated contact with the skin should
be avoided. Proper gloves impervious to
and unaffected by the solvents should
be worn when frequent contact with the
skin is likely. Application of the solvents
or solvent cements with rags and bare
hands is not recommended. Brushes and
other suitable applicators can be used
effectively for applying the solvent
cement, thus avoiding skin contact. In
the event of excessive contact, remove
contaminated clothing and wash skin
with soap and water.

ADOPTED: 1989
REVISED: 2003

Table 1

Minimum Cure Time, in Hours'^^

Test Pressure for Hose

Sizes 1/2" to 1 1/4"

Sizes 1-1/2" to 3"

Sizes 3-1/2" to 8"

12.7 mm to 31 .8 mm

38.1 mm to 76.2 mm

88.9 mm

to 203.2 mm

Temp. Range

Up to

Above 180

Up to

Above 180

Up to

Above 180

During Cure

180psi

to370psi

180psi

to315psi

180psi

to315psi

Period

(1240.2

(1240.2 to

(1240.2

(1240.2 to

(1240.2

(1240.2 to

kPa)

2549.3 kPa)

kPa)

2170.4 kPa)

kPa)

2170.4 kPa)

60°F-100°F

1 hr

6hr

2hr

12 hr

6hr

24 hr

{16°C-38°C)

40T-60°F

2hr

12 hr

4hr

24 hr

12 hr

48 hr

(4°C-16°C)

10°F-40°F

(-12°C+4°C)

8hr

48 hr

16 hr

96 hr

48 hr

8 days ,

It is important to note that at temperatures colder than 20°F (-6.7°C) on sizes that
exceed 3 in. (76.2 mm), test results indicate that many variables exist in the actual
cure rate of the joint. The data expressed in these categories represent only
estimated averages. In some cases, cure will be achieved in less time, but
isolated test results indicate that even longer periods of cure may be required.

These cure schedules are based on laboratory test data obtained on Net Fit Joints
(NET FIT= in a dry fit the pipe bottoms snugly in the fitting socket without meeting
interference). The relative humidity in these tests was 50% or less. Higher relative
humidity may require longer cure periods.

418

Installation Standard

For

ASSEMBLED WHIRLPOOL BATH APPLIANCES

lAPMO SIS 2-2003

1 . Purpose and Scope

To ensure the proper installation of fittings and
pumps to maintain no more than the maximum,
allowed water retention for each system installed on
each different make/model of bathtub. This is a field
inspection to be done by the Adniinistrative
Authority, and because of this, there will be special,
specific points of reference included in the
installation instructions to locate jet-suction fitting-
pump elevations.

2. Testing

To receive USPC listing, the manufacturer of the
kit /or assembler of the whirlpool bath appliance
shall provide sample tubs /systems to an approved
testing laboratory and said tubs shall be tested to
ANSI A112.19.7M. The sample tubs shall represent
the parameters described below:

Tub Volume^ No. of Jets

Sample #1 Largest Greatest

Sample #2 Largest Least

Sample #3 Smallest Greatest

Sample #4 Smallest Least

1 As measured in gallon, to the overflow

2 As rated in gallons per minute (GPM)

Pump Size^

Largest

Smallest

Largest

Smallest

4. Labeling Requirements

Labels shall be permanently affixed to the appliances
to be visible from the access door upon final
inspection. Labels shall contain the following inform-
ation :

(a) Title: Assembled Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances

(b) Assembler's Company Name

(c) Date Assembled

(d) Kit Manufacturer Model Number

(e) USPC certification mark with registration ®

ADOPTED:
REVISED:

1990
2003

3. Instructions

A complete set of installation instructions shall be
provided with each appliance or kit and shall
include the following:

(a) A side view drawing showing location of jets,
suction fittings, pumps, piping and any other
parts of the whirlpool system that affect the
water retention of the entire system. A point or
points of reference shall be chosen by the
manufacturer to enable the Administrative
Authority to verify these locations after
installation of the tub.

(b) Cross reference shall be made as to the kit and
the tub (make and model) for which it is listed.

(c) A drawing showing the pump mounting and all
hardware to be used.

(d) Recommendations for piping support.

419

SIS 2 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

420

APPENDIX K

PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

TIA
TIA
TIA

TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA
TIA

flA
lA

K 1 Private Sewage Disposal - General.

(A) Where permitted by Section 713.0, the building
sewer may be connected to a private sewage disposal
system complying with the provisions of this
appendix. The type of system shall be determined on
the basis of location, soil porosity, and groundwater
level, and shall be designed to receive all sewage
from the property. The system, except as otherwise
approved, shall consist of a septic tank with effluent
discharging into a subsurface disposal field, into one
(1) or more seepage pits, or into a combination of
subsurface disposal field and seepage pits. The
Authority Having Jurisdiction may grant exceptions
to the provisions of this appendix for permitted
structures that have been destroyed due to fire or
natural disaster and that cannot be reconstructed in
compliance with these provisions provided that such
exceptions are the minimum necessary.

(B) Where the quantity or quality of the sewage is such
that the above system camiot be expected to function
satisfactorily for commercial, agricultural, and
industrial plumbing systems; for installations where
appreciable amounts of industrial or indigestible
wastes are produced; for occupancies producing
abnormal quantities of sewage or liquid waste; or when
grease interceptors are required by other parts of this
code, the method of sewage treatment and disposal
shall be first approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. Special sewage disposal systems for minor,
limited, or temporary uses shall be first approved by
the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(C) Disposal systems shall be designed to utilize the
most porous or absorptive portions of the soil
formation. Where the groundwater level extends to
within twelve (12) feet (3658 mm) or less of the ground
surface or where the upper soil is porous and the
underlying stratum is rock or impervious soil, a septic
tank and disposal field system shall be installed.

(D) Disposal systems shall be located outside of flood
hazard areas.

Exception: Wliere suitable sites outside of flood
hazard areas are not available, disposal systems
may be located in flood hazard areas on sites
where the effects of inimdation under conditions
of the design flood are minimized.

(E) All private sewage disposal systems shall be so
designed that additional seepage pits or subsurface
drain fields, equivalent to at least one hundred (100)
percent of the required original system, may be
installed if the original system cannot absorb all the
sewage. No division of the lot or erection of
structures on the lot shall be made if such division or
structure impairs the usefulness of the one hundred
(100) percent expansion area.

(F) No property shall be improved in excess of its
capacity to properly absorb sewage effluent by the
means provided in this code.

Exception: The Authority Having Jurisdiction
may, at its discretion, approve an alternate
system.

(G) No private sewage disposal system, or part
thereof, shall be located in any lot other than the lot
that is the site of the building or structure served by
such private sewage disposal system, nor shall any
private sewage disposal system or part thereof be
located at any point having less than the minimum
distances indicated in Table K-1.

Nothing contained in this code shall be construed
to prohibit the use of all or part of an abutting lot to
provide additional space for a private sewage
disposal system or part thereof when proper cause,
transfer of ownership, or change of boundary not in
violation of other requirements has been first
established to the satisfaction of the Authority
Having Jurisdiction. The instrument recording such
action shall constitute an agreement with the
Authority Having Jurisdiction, which shall clearly
state and show that the areas so joined or used shall
be maintained as a unit during the time they are so
used. Such agreement shall be recorded in the office
of the County Recorder as part of the conditions of
ownership of said properties and shall be binding on
all heirs, successors, and assigns to such properties. A
copy of the instrument recording such proceedings
shall be filed with the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(H) When there is insufficient lot area or improper
soil conditions for adequate sewage disposal for the
building or land use proposed, and the Authority
Having Jurisdiction so finds, no building permit
shall be issued and no private sewage disposal shall
be permitted. Where space or soil conditions are
critical, no building permit shall be issued until

421

Appendix K

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

engineering data and test reports satisfactory to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction have been submitted
and approved.

(I) Nothing contained in this appendix shall be
construed to prevent the Authority Having
Jurisdiction from requiring compliance with
additional requirements than those contained herein,
where such additional requirements are essential to
maintain a safe and sanitary condition.

(J) Alternate systems may be used only by special
permission of the Authority Having Jurisdiction after
being satisfied of their adequacy. This authorization
may be based on extensive field and test data from
conditions similar to those at the proposed site, or
may require such additional data as may be necessary
to provide assurance that the alternate system will
produce continuous and long-range results at the
proposed site, at least equivalent to systems which are
specifically authorized.

If demonstration systems are to be considered for
installation, conditions for installation, maintenance,
and monitoring at each such site shall first be
established by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

Aerobic Systems. Approved aerobic systems may be
substituted for conventional septic tanks provided
the Authority Having Jurisdiction is satisfied that
such systems will produce results at least equivalent
to septic tanks, whether their aeration systems are
operating or not.

K 2 Capacity of Septic Tanlcs.

The liquid capacity of all septic tanks shall conform
to Tables K-2 and K-3 as determined by the number
of bedrooms or apartment units in dwelling
occupancies and the estimated waste /sewage design
flow^ rate or the number of plumbing fixture units as
determined from Table 7-3 of this Code, whichever is
greater in other building occupancies. The capacity
of any one septic tank and its drainage system shall
be limited by the soil structure classification, as
specified in Table K-4.

K 3 Area of Disposal Fields and Seepage Pits.

The minimum effective absorption area in disposal
fields in square feet (m^), and in seepage pits in
square feet (m^) of sidewall, shall be predicated on
the required septic tank capacity in gallons (liters)
and/or estimated waste/sewage flow rate,
whichever is greater, and shall conform to Table K-4
as determined for the type of soil found in the
excavation, and shall be as follows:

(1) When disposal fields are installed, a
minimum of one hundred and fifty (150)
square feet (14 m") of trench bottom shall be
provided for each system exclusive of any
hard pan, rock, clay, or other impervious
formations. Sidewall area in excess of the
required twelve (12) inches (305 mm) and
not to exceed thirty-six (36) inches (914 mm)
below the leach line may be added to the
trench bottom area when cornputing
absorption areas.

(2) Where leaching beds are permitted in
lieu of trenches, the area of each such
bed shall be at least fifty (50) percent
greater than the tabular requirements
for trenches. Perimeter sidewall area in
excess of the required twelve (12) inches
(305 mm) and not to exceed thirty-six
(36) inches (914 mm) below the leach
line may be added to the trench bottom
area when computing absorption areas.

(3) No excavation for a leach line or leach
bed shall extend within five (5) feet
(1,524 mm) of the water table nor to a
depth where sewage may contaminate
the underground water stratum that is
usable for domestic purposes.

Exception: In areas where the records
or data indicate that the groundwaters
are grossly degraded, the five (5) foot
(1,524 mm) separation requirement may
be reduced by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. ITie applicant shall supply
evidence of groundw^ate'r depth to the
satisfaction of the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

(4) The minimum effective absorption area in
any seepage pit shall be calculated as the
excavated sidewall area below the inlet
exclusive of any hardpan, rock, clay, or other
impervious formations. The minimum
required area of porous formation shall be
provided in one or more seepage pits. No
excavation shall extend within ten (10) feet
(3,048 mm) of the water table nor to a depth
where sewage may contaminate under-
ground water stratum that is usable for
domestic purposes.

Exception: In areas where the records or
data indicate that the groundwaters are
grossly degraded, the ten (10) foot (3,048
mm) separation requirement may be
reduced by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

422

PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

Appendix K

The applicant shall supply evidence of
groundwater depth to the satisfaction of the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(5) Leaching chambers shall be sized on the bot-
tom absorption area (nominal unit width) in
square feet. The required area shall be calcu-
lated using Table K-4 with a 0.70 multiplier.

K 4 Percolation Test.

(A) Wherever practicable, disposal field and seepage
pit sizes shall be computed from Table K-4. Seepage
pit sizes shall be computed by percolation tests,
unless use of Table K-4 is approved by the Authority
Having Jurisdiction.

(B) In order to determine the absorption qualities of
seepage pits and of questionable soils other than
those listed in Table K-4, the proposed site shall be
subjected to percolation tests acceptable to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(C) When a percolation test is required, no private
disposal system shall be permitted to serve a building
if that test shows the absorption capacity of the soil is
less than 0.83 gallons per square foot (33.8 L/m^) or
more than 5.12 gallons per square foot (208 L/m^) of
leaching area per 24 hours. If the percolation test
shows an absorption rate greater than 5.12 gallons per
square foot (208 L/m^) per 24 hours, a private disposal
system may be permitted if the site does not overlie
groundwaters protected for drinking water supplies, a
minimum thickness of two (2) feet (610 mm) of the
native, soil below the entire proposed system is re-
placed by loamy sand, and the system design is based
on percolation tests made in the loamy sand.

(D) Septic tanks shall have a minimum of two (2)
compartments. The inlet compartment of any septic
tank shall be not less than two- thirds (2/3) of the
total capacity of the tank, nor less than five hundred
(500) gallons (2.0 m"*) liquid capacity, and shall be at
least three (3) feet (914 mm) in width and five (5) feet
(1,524 mm) in length. Liquid depth shall be not less
than two (2) feet (610 mm) and six (6) inches (152
mm) nor more than six (6) feet (1,829 mm). The
secondary compartment of any septic tank shall have
a minimum capacity of two hundred fifty (250)
gallons (1.0 m^) and a maximum capacity of one-
third (1/3) of the total capacity of such tank. In septic
tanks having over a fifteen hundred (1,500) gallon
(6.0 m^) capacity, the secondary compartment may be
not less than five (5) feet (1,524) in length.

(E) Access to each septic tank shall be provided by
at least two (2) manholes twenty (20) inches (508
mm) in minimum dimension or by an equivalent
removable cover slab. One access manhole shall be
located over the inlet and one (1) access manhole
shall be located over the outlet. Wherever a first
compartment exceeds twelve (12) feet (3,658 mm) in
length, an additional manhole shall be provided over
the baffle wall.

(F) The inlet and outlet pipe openings shallnot be
larger in size than the connecting sewer pipe. The
vertical leg of round inlet and outlet fittings shall not
be less in size than the connecting sewer pipe nor
less than four (4) inches (102 mm). A baffle-type
fitting shall have the equivalent cross-sectional area
of the connecting sewer pipe and not less than a four
(4) inch (100 mm) horizontal dimension when
measured at the inlet and outlet pipe inverts.

K 5 Septic Tank Construction.

(A) Plans for all septic tanks shall be submitted to
the Authority Having Jurisdiction for approval. Such
plans shall show all dimensions, reinforcing,
structural calculations, and such other pertinent data
as may be required.

(B) Septic tank design shall be such as to produce a
clarified effluent consistent with accepted standards
and shall provide adequate space for sludge and
scum accumulations.

(C) Septic tanks shall be constructed of solid durable
materials not subject to excessive corrosion or decay
and shall be watertight.

(G) The inlet and outlet pipe or baffle shall extend
four (4) inches (100 mm) above and at least twelve (12)
inches (305 mm) below the water surface. The invert
of the inlet pipe shall be at a level not less than two (2)
inches (51 mm) above the invert of the outlet pipe.

(H) Inlet and outlet pipe fittings or baffles and
compartment partitions shall have a free vent area
equal to the required cross-sectional area of the house
sewer or private sewer discharging therein to provide
free ventilation above the water surface from the
disposal field or seepage pit through the septic tank,
house sewer, and stack to the outer air.

(I) The sidewalls shall extend at least nine (9) inches
(229 mm) above the liquid depth. The cover of the

423

Appendix K

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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septic tank shall be at least two (2) inches (51 mm)
above the back vent openings.

(J) Partitions or baffles between compartments shall
be of solid, durable material and shall extend at least
four (4) inches (102 mm) above the liquid level. An
inverted fitting equivalent in size to the tank inlet,
but in no case less than four (4) inches (102 mm) in
size, shall be installed in the inlet compartment side
of the baffle with the bottom of the fitting placed
midway in the depth of the liquid. Wooden baffles
are prohibited.

(K) Structural Design.

(1) General. Each such tank shall be structurally
designed to withstand all anticipated earth or
other loads. All septic tank covers shall be
capable of supporting an earth load of not less
than five hundred (500) poimds per square foot
(23.9kPa) when the maximum coverage does not
exceed three (3) feet (914 mm).

(2) Flood Loads. In flood hazard areas, tanks
shall be anchored to counter buoyant forces
during conditions of the design flood. The vent
termination and service manhole of the tank
shall be a minimum of 2 feet (610 mm) above the
design flood elevation or fitted with covers
designed to prevent the inflow of floodwater or
the outflow of the contents of the tanks during
conditions of the design flood.

(L) Septic tanks installed under concrete or blacktop
paving shall have the required manholes accessible
by extending the manhole openings to grade in a
manner acceptable to the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

(M) Materials.

(1) Concrete Septic Tanks.

All materials used in constructing a septic
tank shall be in accordance with applicable
standards in Chapter 14, Table 14-1.

(2) Steel Septic Tanks.

The minimum wall thickness of any steel
septic tank shall be No. 12 U.S. gauge (0.109)
(2.8 mm), and each such tank shall be
protected from corrosion both externally
and internally by an approved bitu-
minous coating or by other acceptable means.

(3) Alternate Materials.

(i) Septic tanks constructed of alternate
materials may be approved by the

Authority Having Jurisdiction when
complying with approved applicable
standards.

(ii) Wooden septic tanks are prohibited.

(N) Prefabricated Septic Tanks.

(1) Manufactured or prefabricated septic tanks
shall comply with all approved applicable
standards and be approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(2) Independent laboratory tests and engineering
calculations certifying the tank capacity and
structural stability shall be provided as
required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

K 6 Disposal Fields.

(A) Distribution lines shall be constructed of clay tile
laid with open joints, perforated clay pipe,
perforated bituminous fiber pipe, perforated high-
density polyethylene pipe, perforated ABS pipe,
perforated PVC pipe, or other approved materials,
provided that sufficient openings are available for
distribution of the effluent into the trench area.

(B) Before placing filter material or drain lines in a
prepared excavation, all smeared or compacted
surfaces shall be removed from trenches by raking to
a depth of one (1) inch (25.4 mm) and the loose
material removed. Clean stone, gravel, slag, or
similar filter material acceptable to the Authority
Having Jurisdiction, varying in size from three
fourths (3/4) inch to two and one-half (2-1/2) inches
(19.1 mm to 64 mm), shall be placed in the trench to
the depth and grade required by this section. Drain
pipe shall be placed on filter material in an approved
manner. The drain lines shall then be covered with
filter material to the minimum depth required by
this section, and this material covered with imtreated
building paper, straw, or similar porous materiail to
prevent closure of voids with earth backfill. No earth
backfill shall be placed over the filter material cover
until after inspection and acceptance.

Exception: Listed or approved plastic leaching
chambers may be used in lieu of pipe and filter
material. Chamber installations shall follow the
rules for disposal fields, where applicable, and
shall conform to manufacturer's installation
instructions.

(C) A grade board staked in the trench to the depth
of filter material shall be utilized when the
distribution line is constructed w^ith drain tile or a
flexible pipe material that will not maintain
alignment without continuous support.

424

PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

Appendix K

Minimum

Maximum

Number of drain lines per field

1

—

Length of each line

-

100 ft. (30,480 mm)

Bottom width of trench

18 in. (457 mm)

36 in. (914 mm)

Spacing of lines, center-to-center

6 ft. (1 ,829 mm)

-

Depth of earth cover of lines

[preferred -18 in. (457 mm)]

12 in. (305 mm)

-

Grade of lines

level

3in./100ft. (25mm/m)

Filter material under drain lines

12 in. (305 mm)

—

Filter material over drain lines

2 in. (51 mm)

—

(D) When seepage pits are used in combination with
disposal fields, the filter material in the trenches
shall terminate at least five (5) feet (1,524 mm) from
the pit excavation, and the line extending from such
points to the seepage pit shall be approved pipe with
watertight joints.

(E) Where two (2) or more drain lines are installed,
an approved distribution box of sufficient size to
receive lateral lines shall be installed at the head of
each disposal field. The inverts of all outlets shall be
level, and the invert of the inlet shall be at least one
(1) inch (25.4 mm) above the outlets. Distribution
boxes shall be designed to ensure equal flow and
shall be installed on a level concrete slab in natural
or compacted soil.

(F) All laterals from a distribution box to the
disposal field shall be approved pipe with watertight
joints. Multiple disposal field laterals, wherever
practicable, shall be of uniform length.

(G) Connections between a septic tank and a
distribution box shall be laid with approved pipe
with watertight joints on natural ground or
compacted fill.

(H) When the quantity of sewage exceeds the
amount that can be disposed in five hundred (500)
lineal feet (152.4 m) of leach line, a dosing tank shall
be used. Dosing tanks shall be equipped w^ith an
automatic siphon or pump that discharges the tank
once every three (3) or four (4) hours. The tank shall
have a capacity equal to sixty (60) to seventy-five (75)
percent of the interior capacity of the pipe to be
dosed at one time. Where the total length of pipe
exceeds one thousand (1,000) lineal feet (304.8 m),
the dosing tank shall be provided with two (2)
siphons or pumps dosing alternately and each
serving one-half (1/2) of the leach field.

(I) Disposal fields shall be constructed as follows:

(See chart above.)
Minimum spacing between trenches or leaching beds
shall be four (4) feet (1,219 mm) plus two (2) feet (610
mm) for each additional foot (305 mm) of depth in
excess of one (1) foot (305 mm) below the bottom of
the drain line. Distribution drain lines in leaching
beds shall not be more than six (6) feet (1,829 mm)
apart on centers, and no part of the perimeter of the
leaching bed shall be more than three (3) feet (914
mm) from a distribution drain line. Disposal fields,
trenches, and leaching beds shall not be paved over or
covered by concrete or any material that can reduce or
inhibit any possible evaporation of sewer effluent.

(J) When necessary on sloping ground to prevent
excessive line slope, leach lines or leach beds shall be
stepped. The lines between each horizontal section
shall be made with watertight joints and shall be
designed so each horizontal leaching trench or bed
shall be utilized to the maximum capacity before the
effluent shall pass to the next lower leach line or bed.
The lines between each horizontal leaching section
shall be made with approved watertight joints and
installed on natural or unfilled ground.

K 7 Seepage Pits.

(A) The capacity of seepage pits shall be based on the
quantity of liquid waste discharging thereinto and on
the character and porosity of the surrounding soil,
and shall conform to Section K 3 of this appendix.

(B) Multiple seepage pit installations shall be served
through an approved distribution box or be
connected in series by m^eans of a watertight
connection laid on undistributed or compacted soil;
the outlet from the pit shall have an approved
vented leg fitting extending at least twelve (12)
inches (305 mm) below the inlet fitting.

425

Appendix K

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

(C) Each seepage pit shall be circular in shape and
shall have cin excavated diameter of not less than four
(4) feet (1,219 mm). Each such pit shall be lined with
approved-type whole new hard-burned clay brick,
concrete brick, concrete circular-type cesspool blocks,
or other approved materials. Approval shall be
obtained prior to construction for any pit having an
excavated diameter greater than six (6) feet (1,829 mm).

(D) The lining in every seepage pit shall be laid on a
firm foundation. Lining materials shall be placed
tight together and laid with joints staggered. Except
in the case of approved-type precast concrete circular
sections, no brick or block shall be greater in height
than its width, and shall be laid flat to form at least a
four (4) inch (102 mm) wall. Brick or block greater
than twelve (12) inches (305 mm) in length shall have
chamfered matching ends and be scored to provide
for seepage. Excavation voids behind the brick,
block, or concrete liner shall have a minimum of six
(6) inches (152 mm) of clean three-fourths (3/4) inch
(19.1 mm) gravel or rock.

(E) All brick or block used in seepage pit
construction shall have a minimum compressive
strength of twenty-five hundred (2,500) pounds per
square inch (17,237 kPa).

(F) Each seepage pit shall have a minimum sidewall
(not including the arch) of ten (10) feet (3,048 mm)
below the inlet.

(G) The arch or dome of any seepage pit may be
constructed in one of three w^ays:

(1) Approved-type hard-burned clay brick or
solid concrete brick or block laid in cement
mortar.

(2) Approved brick or block laid dry.

In both of the above methods, an approved
cement mortar covering of at least two (2)
inches (51 mm) in thickness shall be applied,
said covering to extend at least six (6) inches
(152 mm) beyond the sidewalls of the pit.

(3) Approved-type one or two-piece reinforced
concrete slab of twenty-five hundred (2,500)
pounds per square inch (17237 kPa)
minimum compressive strength, not less
than five (5) inches (127 mm) thick and
designed to support an earth load of not less
than four hundred (400) pounds per square
foot (19.2 kPa). Each such cover shall be
provided with a nine (9) inch (229 mm)
minimum inspection hole with plug or
cover and shall be coated on the underside

with an approved bituminous or other
nonpermeable protective compound.

(H) The top of the arch or cover must be at least
eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) but not more than four
(4) feet (1219 mm) below the surface of the ground.

(I) An approved vented inlet fitting shall be
provided in every seepage pit so arranged as to
prevent the inflow from damaging the sidewall.

Exception: When using a one- or two-piece
concrete slab cover inlet, fitting may be a one-
fourth (1/4) bend fitting discharging through an
opening in the top of the slab cover. On multiple
seepage pit installations, the outlet fittings shall
be per Section K 7(B) of this appendix.

K8 Cesspools.

(A) A cesspool shall be considered only as a
temporary expedient pending the construction of a
public sewer; as an overflow facility when installed
in conjunction with an existing cesspool; or as a
means of sewage disposal for limited, minor, or
temporary uses, when first approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(B) Where it is established that a public sewer
system w^ill be available in less than tw^o (2) years
and soil and groimdwater conditions are favorable to
cesspool disposal, cesspools without septic tanks
may be installed for single-family dwellings or for
other limited uses when first approved by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(C) Each cesspool, when permitted, shall conform to
the construction requirements set forth in Section K 7
of this appendix for seepage pits and shall have a
minimum sidewall (not including arch) of twenty (20)
feet (6,096 mm) below the inlet, provided, however,
that when a strata of gravel or equally pervious
material of four (4) feet (1,219 mm) in thickness is
found, the depth of such sidewall need not be more
than ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) below the inlet.

(D) When overflow cesspools or seepage pits are
added to existing installations, the effluent shall
leave the existing pit through an approved vented
leg extending at least twelve (12) inches (305 mm)
downward into such existing pit and having its
outlet flow line at least six (6) inches (152 mm) below
the inlet. All pipe between pits shall be laid with
approved watertight joints.

426

PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

Appendix K

Grease and Garbage, Commercial Kitchens

Number of Waste Retention Storage Interceptor

meals per x flow x time x factor = size (liquid

peak hour rate capacity)

Number of
vehicles
per hour

Sand-Siit Oil, Auto Washers

Waste Retention Storage

flow
rate

time

factor

Interceptor

size (liquid

capacity)

Silt-Lint Grease, Laundries, Laundromats

Number of 2 cycles Waste Retention Storage
machines x per hour x flow x time ;

rate

Interceptor
Factor = size
(liquid
capacity)

Waste Flow Rate

See Table K-3 of this appendix for estimated flow rates.

Retention Times

Commercial kitchen waste:

Dishwasher and/or disposal 2.5 hours

Single service kitchen:

Single serving with disposal 1.5 hours

Sand-silt oil 2.0 hours

Lint-silt (laundry) 2.0 hours

Storage Factors

Fully equipped commercial kitchen 8 h. operation: 1

16 h. operation: 2
24 h. operation: 3

Single service kitchen 1.5

Auto washers self-serve: 1.5

employee operated: 2

Laundries, laundromats 1 .5 (allows for rock filter)

K 9 Commercial or Industrial Special Liquid-
Waste Disposal.

(A) When liquid v\rastes contain excessive amounts
of grease, garbage, flammable wastes, sand, or other
ingredients that may affect the operation of a private
sewage disposal system, an interceptor for such
wastes shall be installed.

(B) Installation of such interceptors shall comply with
Section 1009.0 of this code, and their location shall be
in accordance with Table K-1 of this appendix.

(C) A sampling box shall be installed when required
by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(D) Interceptors shall be of approved design and be
of not less than two (2) compartments. Structural
requirements shall be in compliance with the
applicable subparts of Section K 5 of this appendix.

(E) Interceptors shall be located as close to the
source as possible and be accessible for servicing. All
necessary manholes for servicing shall be at grade
level and be gastight.

(F) Waste discharge from interceptors may be
connected to a septic tank or other primary system or
be disposed into a separate disposal system.

(G) Recommended Design Criteria. (Formula may
be adapted to other types of occupancies with
similar wastes.) See charts on this page.

K10 Inspection and Testing.

(A) Inspection.

(1) Applicable provision of Section 103.5 of this
code and this appendix shall be complied
with. Plans may be required per Section
101.3 of this code.

427

Appendix K

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

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(2) System components shall be properly
identified as to manufacturer. Septic tanks or
other primary systems shall have the rated
capacity permanently marked on the unit.

(3) Septic tanks or other primary systems shall be
installed on dry, level, well-compacted soil.

(4) If design is predicated on soil tests, the
system shall be installed at the same location
and depth as the tested area.

(B) Testing.

(1) Septic tanks or other primary components
shall be filled with water to flow line prior to
requesting inspection. All seams or joints
shall be left exposed (except the bottom),
and the tank shall remain watertight.

(2) A flow test shall be performed through
the system to the point of effluent disposal.
All lines and components shall be watertight.
Capacities, required air space, and fittings
shall be in accordance with the provisions set
forth in this appendix.

K 11 Abandoned Sewers and Sewage Disposal
Facilities.

(A) Every abandoned building (house) sewer, or
part thereof, shall be plugged or capped in an
approved manner within five (5) feet (1,524 mm) of
the property line.

(B) Every cesspool, septic tank, and seepage pit that
has been abandoned or has been discontinued

TABLE K-1

Location of Sewage Disposal System

Minimum Horizontal Distance

Seepage Pit

In Clear Required From:

Building Sewer

Septic Tank

Disposal Field

or Cesspool

Buildings or structures'

2 feet (610 mm)

5 feet (1,524 mm)

8 feet (2,438 mm)

8 feet (2,438 mm)

Property line adjoining

private property

Clear^

5 feet (1,524 mm)

5 feet (1,524 mm)

8 feet (2,438 mm)

Water supply wells

50feetM15,240mm)

50 feet (15,240 mm)

100 feet (30.5 m)

150 feet (45.7 m)

Streams and other

50 feet (15,240 mm)

50 feet (15,240 mm)

100 feet^(1 5,240 mm)'

150feef (30.5 m)'

bodies of water

Trees

-

10 feet (3,048 mm)

-

10 feet (3,048 mm)

Seepage pits or cesspools

-

5 feet (1 ,524 mm)

5 feet (1 ,524 mm)

12 feet (3,658 mm)

Disposal field

-

5 feet (1,524 mm)

4 feet* (1,219 mm)

5 feet (1,524 mm)

On-site domestic water

service line

1 foot^ (305 mm)

5 feet (1 ,524 mm)

5 feet (1,524 mm)

5 feet (1,524 mm)

Distribution box

-

-

5 feet (1,524 mm)

5 feet (1,524 mm)

Pressure public water main

lOfeet^ (3,048 mm)

10 feet (3,048 mm)

10 feet (3,048 mm)

10 feet (3,048 mm)

TIA

Note:

When disposal fields and/or seepage pits are installed in sloping ground, the minimum horizontal distance between any part of the

leaching system and ground surface shall be fifteen (15) feet (4,572 mm).

' Including porches and steps, whether covered or uncovered, breezeways, roofed porte cocheres, roofed patios, carports, covered

walks, covered driveways, and similar structures or appurtenances.
^ See also Section 313.3 of the Uniform Plumbing Code.
^ All drainage piping shall clear domestic water supply wells by at least fifty (50) feet (15,240 mm). This distance may be reduced to not

less than twenty-five (25) feet (7,620 mm) when the drainage piping is constructed of materials approved for use within a building.
" Plus two (2) feet (610 mm) for each additional one (1) foot (305 mm) of depth in excess of one (1) foot (305 mm) below the bottom of the

drain line. (See also Section K 6.)
= See Section 720.0 of the Uniform Plumbing Code.

^ For parallel construction - For crossings, approval by the Health Department shall be required.
' These minimum clear horizontal distances shall also apply between disposal fields, seepage pits, and the mean high tide line.

428

PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

Appendix K

TABLE K-2

Capacity of Septic Tanks*

Single-Family

Multiple Dwelling

Other Uses:

Minimum

Dwellings -

Units or

Maximum Fixture

Septic

Tank

Number

Apartments - One

Units Served

Capacity in

of Bedrooms

Bedroom Each

per Table 7-3

Gallons

(Liters)

1 or 2

15

750

(2,838)

3

20

1,000

(3,785)

4

2 units

25

1,200

(4,542)

5 or 6

3

33

1,500

(5,678)

4

45

2,000

(7,570)

5

55

2,250

(8,516)

6

60

2,500

(9,463)

7

70

2,750

(10,409)

8

80

3,000

(11,355)

9

90

3,250

(12,301)

10

100

3,500

(13,248)

*Note:

Extra bedroom, 150 gallons (568 liters) each.

Extra dwelling units over 10,250 gallons (946 liters) each.

Extra fixture units over 100,25 gallons (95 liters) per fixture unit.

Septic tank sizes in this table include sludge storage capacity and the connection of domestic food waste
disposal units without further volume increase.

TABLE K-3

Estimated Waste/Sewage Flow Rates

Because of the many variables encountered, it is not possible to set absolute values for waste/sewage flow
rates for all situations. The designer should evaluate each situation and, if figures in this table need
modification, they should be made with the concurrence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

Type of Occupancy Gallons (liters) Per Day

1 . Airports 1 5 (56.8) per employee

5 (18.9) per passenger

2. Auto washers Check with equipment manufacturer

3. Bowling alleys (snack bar only) 75 (283.9) per lane

4. Camps:

Campground with central comfort station 35 (132.5) per person

Campground with flush toilets, no showers 25 (94.6) per person

Day camps (no meals served) 15 (56.8) per person

Summer and seasonal 50 (189.3) per person

5. Churches (Sanctuary) 5 (18.9) per seat

with kitchen waste 7 (26.5) per seat

6. Dance halls 5 (18.9) per person

7. Factories

No showers 25 (94.6) per employee

With showers 35 (132.5) per employee

Cafeteria, add 5 (18.9) per employee

8. Hospitals 250 (946.3) per bed

Kitchen waste only 25 (94.6) per bed

Laundry waste only 40 (151.4) per bed

9. Hotels (no kitchen waste) 60 (227.1) per bed (2 person)

429

Appendix K UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE K-3 (Continued)

Type of Occupancy Gallons (liters) Per Day

10. Institutions (Resident) 75 (283.9) per person

Nursing home 125 (473.1) per person

Resthome 125 (473.1) per person

1 1 . Laundries, self-service

(minimum 10 hours per day) 50 (189.3) per wash cycle

Commercial Per manufacturer's specifications

12. Motel 50 (189.3) per bed space

with kitchen 60 (227.1) per bed space

13. Offices 20 (75.7) per employee

14. Parks, mobile homes 250 (946.3) per space

picnic parks (toilets only) 20 (75.7) per parking space

recreational vehicles -

without water hook-up 75 (283.9) per space

with water and sewer hook-up 100 (378.5) per space

15. Restaurants - cafeterias 20 (75.7) per employee

toilet 7 (26.5) per customer

kitchen waste 6 (22.7) per meal

add for garbage disposal 1 (3.8) per meal

add for cocktail lounge 2 (7.6) per customer

kitchen waste - Disposable service 2 (7.6) per meal

16. Schools - Staff and office 20 (75.7) per person

Elementary students 15 (56.8) per person

Intermediate and high 20 (75.7) per student

with gym and showers, add 5 (18.9) per student

with cafeteria, add 3 (11.4) per student

Boarding, total waste 100 (378.5) per person

17. Service station, toilets 1000 (3785) for 1st bay

500 (1892.5) for each additional bay

18. Stores 20 (75.7) per employee

public restrooms, add 1 per 10 sq. ft. (4.1/m') of floor space

19. Swimming pools, public 10 (37.9) per person

20. Theaters, auditoriums 5 (18.9) per seat

drive-in 10 (37.9) per space

(a) Recommended Design Criteria. Sewage disposal systems sized using the estimated waste/sewage flow
rates should be calculated as follows:

(1 ) Waste/sewage flow, up to 1 ,500 gallons/day (5,677.5 L/day)
Flow X 1 .5 = septic tank size

(2) Waste/sewage flow, over 1 ,500 gallons/day (5,677.5 L/day)
Flow X 0.75 + 1 ,1 25 = septic tank size

(3) Secondary system shall be sized for total flow per 24 hours.

(b) Also see Section K 2 of this appendix.

430

PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

Appendix K

TABLE K-4

Design Criteria of Five Typical Soils

Maximum absorption

Required sq. ft.

capacity

in gals./sq. ft.

of leaching area/

of leaching area for

Type of Soil

100 (

gal. (mVL)

a 24 hr.

period (Um )

Coarse sand or gravel

20

(0.005)

5.0

(203.7)

Fine sand

25

(0.006)

4.0

(162.9)

Sandy loam or sandy clay

40

(0.010)

2.5

(101.8)

Clay with considerable sand

or gravel

90

(0.022)

1.1

(44.8)

Clay with small amount of sand

or gravel

120

(0.030)

0.8

(32.6)

TABLE K"5

Required Square Feet of

Leaching Area/100 gal.

Septic Tank Capacity

(mVL)

Maximum Septic Tank
Size Allowable

Gallons (liters)

20-25
40
90
120

(0.005-0.006)
(0.010)
(0.022)
(0.030)

7500
5000
3500
3000

(28,387.5)
(18,925.0)
(13,247.5)
(11,355.0)

431

Appendix K

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

otherwise from further use, or to which no waste or
soil pipe from a plumbing fixture is connected, shall
have the sewage removed therefrom and be
completely filled with the earth, sand, gravel,
concrete, or other approved material.

(C) The top cover or arch over the cesspool, septic
tank, or seepage pit shall be removed before filling,
and the filling shall not extend above the top of the
vertical portions of the sidewalls or above the level
of any outlet pipe until inspection has been called
and the cesspool, septic tank, or seepage pit has been
inspected. After such inspection, the cesspool, septic
tank, or seepage pit shall be filled to the level of the
top of the ground.

(D) No person owning or controlling any cesspool,
septic tank, or seepage pit on the premises of such
person or in that portion of any public street, alley,
or other public property abutting such premises shall
fail, refuse, or neglect to comply with the provisions
of this section or upon receipt of notice so to comply
with the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(E) Where disposal facilities are abandoned
consequent to connecting any premises with the
public sewer, the permittee making the connection
shall fill all abandoned facilities as required by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction within thirty (30) days
from the time of connecting to the public sewer.

K12 Drawings and Specifications.

The Authority Having Jurisdiction, Health Officer, or
other department having jurisdiction may require
any or all of the following information before a
permit is issued for a private sewage disposal system
or at any time during the construction thereof.

(A) Plot plan drawn to scale, completely dimen-
sioned, showing direction and approximate slope of
surface, location of all present or proposed retaining
walls, drainage channels, water supply lines or wells,
paved areas and structures on the plot, number of
bedrooms or plumbing fixtures in each structure,
and location of the private sewage disposal system
with relation to lot lines and structures.

(G) A log of soil formations and groundwater levels
as determined by test holes dug in close proximity to
any proposed seepage pit or disposal field, together
with a statement of water absorption characteristics
of the soil at the proposed site, as determined by
approved percolation tests.

(B) Details of construction necessary to ensure
compliance with the requirements of this appendix
together with a full description of the complete
installation including quality, kind, and grade of all
materials, equipment, construction, workmanship,
and methods of assembly and installation.

432

APPENDIX L

ALTERNATE PLUMBING SYSTEMS

L1.0 Scope.

L 1.1 The intent of this appendix is to provide
clarification of procedures for the design and
approval of engineered plumbing systems, alternate
materials, and equipment not specifically covered in
other parts of the code.

L 1 ,2 The provisions of this appendix apply to the
design, installation, and inspection of an engineered
plumbing system, alternate material, and equipment.

L 1 .3 The Authority Having Jurisdiction has the
right to require descriptive details of an engineered
plumbing system, alternate material, or equipment
including pertinent technical data to be filed.

L 1 .4 Components, materials, and equipment must
conform to standards and specifications listed in
Table 14-1 of this code and other national consensus
standards applicable to plumbing systems and
materials.

L 1.5 Where such standards and specifications are
not available, alternate materials and equipment
must be approved per the provisions of Section 301.2
of this code.

L 2.0 Engineered Plumbing Systems.

L 2.1 Definition. Engineered Plumbing System: A system
designed for a specific building project with drawings
and specifications indicating plumbing materials to be
installed, all as prepared by a person registered or
licensed to perform plumbing design work.

L 2.2 Inspection and Installation. In other than one-
and two-family dweUings, the designer of the system is
to provide periodic inspection of the installation on a
schedule found suitable to the Authority Having
Jurisdiction. Prior to the final approval, the designer
must verify to the Authority Having Jurisdiction that
the installation is in compliance with the approved
plans, specifications, and data and such amendments
thereto. The designer must also certify to the Auth-
ority Having Jurisdiction that the installation is in com-
pliance with the applicable engineered design criteria.

L 2.3 Owner Information. The designer of the system
must provide the building owner with information
concerning the system, considerations applicable for
any subsequent modifications to the system, and
maintenance requirements as applicable.

L 3.0 Water Heat Exchangers.

L 3.1 Heat exchangers used for heat transfer, heat
recovery, or solar heating shall protect the potable
water system from being contaminated by the heat-
transfer medium.

L 3,2 Single- wall heat exchangers shall be permitted
if they satisfy all of the following requirements:

(1) The heat- transfer medium is either potable
water or contains essentially nontoxic
transfer fluids having a toxicity rating or
class of 1 (see Section 207.0).

(2) The pressure of the heat-transfer medium is
maintained at less than the normal
minimum operating pressure of the potable
water system.

Exception: Steam complying with
Section L 3.2 (1) above.

(3) The equipment is permanently labeled to
indicate that only additives recognized as
safe by the FDA shall be used in the heat-
transfer medium.

L 3.3 Other heat exchanger designs may be
permitted where approved by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction.

L 4.0 Fixture Unit Values for Bathroom Groups.

L 4.1 Tables L-1 and L-2 reflect the fixture unit loads
for the fixtures in bathrooms as groups, rather than
as individual fixtures. Such fixtures include water
closets, lavatories, and bathtubs or showers. The
tables reflect diversity in the use of fixtures within a
bathroom and between multiple bathrooms.

L 4.2 The listed water supply fixture unit values in
Table L-1 reflect the load of entire bathroom groups
on the cold-water service. Individual hot and cold
water branch piping to the fixtures should be sized
according to Chapter 6 and Appendix A.

L 4.3 The listed drainage fixture unit values in Table
L-2 reflect the load of entire bathroom groups on the
sanitary drainage system. Where fixtures within
bathrooms connect to different branches of the
drainage system, the fixture unit values for the
individual fixtures shall be used, as listed in Table 7-
3 of this Code.

L 5.0 Vacuum Drainage Systems.

L 5.1 Vacuum drainage systems shall be considered
engineered systems and shall comply with the
requirements of L 1.0 and L 2.0.

L 5.2 Vacuum drainage systems, including piping
tank assemblies, vacuum pump assembly, and other
components necessary for the proper function of the
system shall be engineered and installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.

433

Appendix L

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

TABLE L-1
Water Supply Fixture Units (WSFU) for Bathroom Groups'

Bathroom Groups having 1 .6 GPF Gravity-Tank Water Closets
Half-bath or Powder Room

1 Bathroom Group
1-1/2 Bathrooms

2 Bathrooms
2-1/2 Bathrooms

3 Bathrooms
Each Additional 1/2 Bath
Each Additional Bathroom Group

Bathroom Groups having 1 .6 GPF Pressure-Tank Water Closets
Half-bath or Powder Room

1 Bathroom Group
1-1/2 Bathrooms

2 Bathrooms
2-1/2 Bathrooms

3 Bathrooms
Each Additional 1/2 Bath
Each Additional Bathroom Group

Bathroom Groups having 3.5 GPF Gravity-Tank Water Closets
Half-bath or Powder Room

1 Bathroom Group
1-1/2 Bathrooms

2 Bathrooms
2-1/2 Bathrooms

3 Bathrooms
Each Additional 1/2 Bath
Each Additional Bathroom Group

Bath Group (1 .6 GPF Flushometer Valve)
Bath Group (3.5 GPF Flushometer Valve)
Kitchen Group (Sink and Dishwasher)
Laundry Group (Sink and Clothes Washer)

Notes:

1 . A bathroom group, for the purposes of this table, consists of one water closet, up to two lavatories, and
either one bathtub or one shower.

2. A half-bath or powder room, for the purposes of this table, consists of one water closet and one lavatory.

Individual

Serving 3 or

Dwelling

more Dwelling

Units

Units

3.5

2.5

5.0

3.5

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

0.5

1.0

3.5

2.5

5.0

3.5

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

0.5

1.0

4.0

3.0

6.0

5.0

8.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

0.5

1.0

6.0

4.0

8.0

6.0

2.0

1.5

5.0

3.0

Plans and specifications shall be submitted to the
Authority Having Jurisdiction for review and
approval prior to installation.

L 5.3 Fixtures. Fixtures used in vacuum drainage
systems shall comply with L 1.4 and L 1.5.

L 5.4 Drainage Load. The pump discharge load
from the collector tanks shall be in accordance with
Chapter 7 of this Code.

L 5.5 Water Supply Fixture Units. Water supply
fixture units shall be based on the values in Chapter
6 of this Code. The load requirement of a vacuum-
type water closet shall be determined per
manufacturer's specification.

L 5.6 Traps and Cleanouts. For gravity fixtures,
traps and cleanouts shall be per approved plans.

L 6.0 Special Venting of Fixtures.

L 6.1 Batteries of Fixtures (Battery Venting).

L 6.1 .1 A maximum of eight (8) floor-outlet water
closets, showers, bathtubs, or floor drains
connected in battery on a horizontal branch drain
shall be permitted to be battery-vented. The drain
from each fixture being battery-vented shall
connect horizontally to the horizontal wet-vented
drain branch. The horizontal wet-vented branch
drain shall be considered as a vent extending from

434

ALTERNATE PLUMBING SYSTEMS

Appendix L

TABLE L-2
Drainage Fixture Unit Values (DFU) for Batliroom Groups

Bathroom Groups having 1 .6 GPP Gravity-Tanl< Water Closets
Half-bath or Powder Room

1 Bathroom Group
1-1/2 Bathrooms

2 Bathrooms
2-1/2 Bathrooms

3 Bathrooms

Each Additional 1/2 Bath
Each Additional Bathroom Group
Bathroom Groups having 1 .6 GPF Pressure-Tank Water Closets
Half-bath or Powder Room

1 Bathroom Group
1-1/2 Bathrooms

2 Bathrooms
2-1/2 Bathrooms

3 Bathrooms

Each Additional 1/2 Bath
Each Additional Bathroom Group
Bathroom Groups having 3.5 GPF Gravity-Tank Water Closets
Half-bath or Powder Room

1 Bathroom Group
1-1/2 Bathrooms

2 Bathrooms
2-1/2 Bathrooms

3 Bathrooms

Each Additional 1/2 Bath

Each Additional Bathroom
Bath Group (1 .6 GPF Flushometer Valve)
Bath Group (3.5 GPF Flushometer Valve)

Individual

Serving 3 or

Dwelling

more Dwelling

Units

Units

3.0

2.0

5.0

3.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

0.5

1.0

3.5

2.5

5.5

3.5

6.5

7.5

8.5

9.5

0.5

1.0

3.0

2.0

6.0

4.0

8.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

0.5

1.0

5.0

3.0

6.0

4.0

Notes:

1 . A bathroom group, for the purposes of this table, consists of not more than one water closet, up to two
lavatories, and either one bathtub or one shower.

2. A half-bath or powder room, for the purposes of this table, consists of one water closet and one lavatory.

the downstream fixture drain connection to the
most upstream fixture connection.

L 6.1.2 Back-outlet water closets having
carriers conforming to Section 407.4 shall be
permitted to be battery-vented provided they
connect horizontally to the horizontal wet-
vented section.

L 6.1 .3 Trap arm lengths for fixtures shall not
exceed those as indicated in Table 10-1.

L 6.1.4 A battery vent shall be connected to the
horizontal wet-vented branch drain between the
two (2) most upstream fixture drains.

L 6.1.5 The entire length of the wet-vented
section of the horizontal branch drain shall be

uniformly sized for the total drainage discharge
connected thereto as per Table 7-5. The maximum
slope of the horizontal drain shall be three-
eighths (3/8) inch (10 mm) per foot (300 mm).

L 6.1.6 A relief vent shall be provided on each
wet-vented horizontal branch drain below the
upper-most floor. The relief vent shall connect to
the horizontal branch drain between the stack
and the first upstream fixture drain.

L 6.1 .7 Battery vents and relief vent connections
shall be taken off vertically from the top of the
horizontal drain.

Battery vents and relief vents shall not be
used as vertical wet vents.

435

Appendix L

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

L 6.1.8 Lavatories and drinking fotintains shall
be permitted to connect horizontally to the
horizontal wet-vented branch drain provided
that they are located on the same floor as the
battery-vented fixtures and each is provided
with either an individual or common vent.

L 6.1 .9 Batteries of more than eight (8) battery
vented fixtures shall have a separate battery vent
for each group of eight (8) or less fixtures, and^
the horizontal branch drain in each group shall
be sized for the total drainage into the branch,
including all upstream branches and the fixtures
within the particular group.

L 6.1.10 All battery vents and relief vents shall
be sized according to Section 904.0, but shall be
not less than one-half (1/2) the area of the drain
pipe that they serve and shall comply with
Section 905.0

L 6.2 Single Bathroom or Single Toilet Room.

L 6.2.1 An individually vented lavatory in a
single bathroom or single toilet room shall be
permitted to serve as the wet vent for one (1)
water closet and /or one (1) bathtub or shower
stall, or one (1) water closet and/or one (1)
bathtub/shower combination if all of the
following conditions are met:

(1) The wet vent, and the dry vent extending
from the wet vent, shall be two (2) inch (50
mm) minimum pipe size.

(2) The wet vent pipe opening shall not be
below the weir of the trap that it serves.
Vent sizing, grades, and connections shall
comply with Sections 904.0 and 905.0.

(3) The horizontal branch drain serving both the
lavatory and the bathtub or shower stall
shall be two (2) inch (50 mm) minimum pipe
size.

(4) The length of the trap arm from the bathtub
or shower stall complies with the limits in
Table 10-1.

(5) The distance from the outlet of the water
closet to the connection of the wet vent
complies with the limits in Table 10-1.

(6) The horizontal branch drain serving the
lavatory and the bathtub or shower stall
shall connect to the horizontal water closet
branch above its centerline. When the
bathroom or toilet room is the top-most load
on a stack, the horizontal branch serving the
lavatory and the bathtub or shower stall
shall be permitted to connect to the stack
below the water-closet branch.

(7) No fixture other than those listed in L 6.2.1
shall discharge through a single bathroom
or single toilet room wet-vented system.

L 6.3 Double Bathtubs, Bathtub/Shower
Combinations, Shower Stalls, and Lavatories.

Two (2) lavatories, each rated at 1.0 drainage fixture
unit (DFU), and two (2) bathtubs, bathtub /shower
combinations, or shower stalls, installed in adjacent
bathrooms, shall be permitted to drain to a
horizontal drain branch that is two (2) inch (50 mm)
minimum pipe size, with a common vent for the
lavatories and no individual vents for the bathtubs,
bathtub /shower combinations, or shower stalls,
provided that the wet vent from the lavatories and
their dry vent is two (2) inch (50 mm) minimum
pipe size and the length of all trap arms comply with
the limits in Table 10-1.

L 7.0 Circuit Venting.

L 7.1 Circuit vent permitted. Circuit venting shall
be designed by a registered professional engineer as
an engineered design. A maximtim of eight fixtures
connected to a horizontal branch drain shall be
permitted to be circuit vented. Each fixture drain shall
connect horizontally to the horizontal branch being
circuit vented. The horizontal branch drain shall be
classified as a vent from the most downstream fixture
drain connection to the most upstream fixture drairi
connection to the horizontal branch.

L 7.1.1 Multiple circuit-vented branches.

Circuit-vented horizontal branch drains are
permitted to be cormected together. Each group
of a maximum of eight fixtures shall be
considered a separate circuit vent and shall
conform to the requirements of this section.

L 7.2 Vent size and connection. The circuit vent
shall be a minimum of 2 inches (50 mm) in diameter
and the cormection shall be located between the two
m.ost upstream fixture drains. The vent shall connect
to the horizontal branch on the vertical. The circuit
vent pipe shall not receive the discharge of any soil
or waste.

L 7.3 Slope and size of horizontal branch. The

maximum slope of the vent section of the horizontal
branch drain shall be 1 inch per foot (25 mm per 305
mm). The entire length of the vented section of the
horizontal branch drain shall be sized for the total
drainage discharge to the branch.

L 7.3.1 Size of multiple circuit vent. Multiple
circuit vented branches shall be permitted to
connect on the same floor level. Each separate
circuit-vented horizontal branch that is
interconnected shall be sized independently in
accordance with Section L 7.3. The downstream
circuit-vented horizontal branch shall be sized

436

ALTERNATE PLUMBING SYSTEMS

Appendix L

for the total discharge into the branch, including
the upstream branches and the fixtures within
the branch.

L 7.4 Relief vent. A 2-inch (50 mm) relief vent shall
be provided for circuit-vented horizontal branches
receiving the discharge of four or more water closets
and connecting to a drainage stack that receives the
discharge of soil or waste from upper horizontal
branches.

L 7.4.1 Connection and installation. The

relief vent shall connect to the horizontal branch
drain between the stack and the most
downstream fixture drain of the circuit vent.
The relief vent shall be installed on the vertical
to the horizontal branch.

L 7.4.2 Fixture drain or branch. The relief
vent is permitted to be a fixture drain or fixture
branch for a fixture located within the same
branch interval as the circuit-vented horizontal
branch. The maximum, discharge to a relief vent
shall be four fixture units.

L 7.5 Additional fixtures. Fixtures, other than the
circuit-vented fixtures, are permitted to discharge to
the horizontal branch drain. Such fixtures shall be
located on the same floor as the circuit-vented
fixtures and shall be either individually or common
vented.

L8.0 Single-Stack Vent System

L 8.1 Where permitted. Single-stack venting shall
be designed by a registered professional engineer as
an engineered design. A drainage stack shall be
permitted to serve as a single-stack vent system
when sized and installed in accordance with Sections
L 8.2 through L 8.9. The drainage stack and branch
piping in a single-stack vent system shall provide for
the flow of liquids, solids, and air without the loss of
fixture trap seals. .

L 8.2 Stack Size. Drainage stacks shall be sized
according to Table L-3. A maximum of two water
closets shall be permitted to discharge to a 3-inch (80
mm) stack. Stacks shall be uniformly sized based on
the total connected drainage fixture unit load, with
no reductions in size.

L 8.2.1 Stack Vent. The drainage stack vent
shall have a stack vent of the same size
terminating to the outdoors.

L 8.3 Branch Size. Horizontal branches connecting
to a single-stack vent system shall be sized according
to Table 7-5.

Exceptions:

(1) No more than one water closet within 18
inches (457 mm) of the stack horizontally shall

be permitted on a 3-inch (80 mm) horizontal
branch.

(2) A water closet within 18 inches (457 mm) of a
stack horizontally and one other fixture with up
to 1-1/2 inch (40 mm) fixture drain size shall be
permitted on a 3-inch (80 mm) horizontal branch
when connected to the stack through a sanitary
tee.

L 8.4 Length of horizontal branches.

L 8.4.1 Water closets shall be no more than four
(4) feet (1,219 mm) horizontally from the stack.

Exception: Water closets shall be permitted to
be up to eight (8) feet (2,438 mm) horizontally
from the stack when comiected to the stack
through a sanitary tee.

L 8.4.2 Fixtures other than water closets shall be
no more than twelve (12) feet (3658 mm)
horizontally from the stack.

L 8.4.3 The length of any vertical piping from a
fixture trap to a horizontal branch shall not be
considered in computing the fixture's horizontal
distance from the stack.

L 8.5 Maximum vertical drops from fixtures.

Vertical drops from fixture traps to horizontal
branch piping shall be one size larger than the trap
size, but not less than two (2) inch (50 mm) in
diameter. Vertical drops shall be four (4) feet (1219
mm) maximum length. Fixture drains that are not
increased in size, or have a vertical drop exceeding 4
feet shall be individually vented.

L 8.6 Additional venting required. Additional
venting shall be provided when more than one water
closet is on a horizontal branch and where the
distance from a fixture trap to the stack exceeds the
limits in Section L 8.4. Where additional venting is
required, the fixture (s) shall be vented by individual
vents, common vents, wet vents, circuit vents, or a
combination waste and vent pipe. The dry vent
extensions for the additional venting shall connect to
a branch vent, vent stack, stack vent, or be extended
outdoors and terminate to the open air.

L 8.7 Stack Offsets. Where there are no fixture
drain connections below a horizontal offset in a
stack, the offset does not need to be vented. Where
there are fixture drain connections below a
horizontal offset in a stack, the offset shall be vented.
There shall be no fixture connections to a stack
within 2 feet above and below a horizontal offset.

L 8.8 Separate Stack Required. Where stacks are
more than two stories high, a separate stack shall be
provided for the fixtures on the lower two stories.
The stack for the lower two stories may be comiected
to the branch of the building drain that serves the
stack for the upper stories at a point that is at least 10

437

Appendix L

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

pipe diameters downstream from the base of the
upper stack.

L 8.9 Sizing Building Drains and Sewers. In a

single-stack vent system, the building drain and
branches thereof shall be sized in accordance with
Table 7-5, and the building sewer shall be sized in
accordance with Table 7-8.

438

ALTERNATE PLUMBING SYSTEMS Appendix L

Table L-3

Single-Stack Size

Stack Size

Maximum Connected Drainage Fixture Units

(inches)

Stacks Less than 75

Stack 75 Feet to Less than

Stack 160 Feet or

Feet in Height

160 Feet in Height

Greater in Height

3

24

NP

NP

4

225

24

NP

5

480

225

24

6

1,015

480

225

8

2,320

1,015

480

10

4,500

2,320

1,015

12

8,100

4,500

2,320

15

13,600

8,100

4,500

439

Appendix L UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

440

USEFUL TABLES

Conversion Table

''The information contained in these tables are not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and

have not been processed in accordance with ANSI's requirements for an ANS. As such, these tables may

contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, they do

not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard."

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

Acres 43,560 Square feet

Acre-feet 43,560 Cubic feet

Acre-feet 325,851 Gallons

Atmospheres 76.0 Cm of mercury

Atmospheres 29.92 Inches of mercury

Atmospheres 33.90 Feet of water

Atmospheres 14.70 Pounds /square inch

Btu/minute 12.96 Foot-Pounds/ second

Btu/minute 0.02356 Horsepower

Centimeters 0.3937 Inches

Centimeters of mercury 0.01316 Atmospheres

Centimeters of mercury 0.4461 Feet of water

Centimeters of mercury 27.85 Pounds /square feet

Centimeters of mercury 0.1934 Pounds/square inch

Cubic feet 1728 Cubic inches

Cubic feet 0.03704 Cubic yards

Cubic feet 7.48052 Gallons

Cubic feet 29.92 Quarts (liquid)

Cubic feet/minute 472.0 Cubic cms /second

Cubic feet/minute 0.1247 Gallons /second

Cubic feet/minute 62.43 Pounds of water/minute

Cubic feet/ second 0.0646317 Million gallons/ day

Cubic feet/second 448.831 Gallons /minute

Cubic yards 27 Cubic feet

Cubic yards 202.0 Gallons

Feet of water 0.02950 Atmospheres

Feet of water 0.8826 Inches of mercury

Feet of water 62.43 Pounds/square feet

Feet of water 0.4335 Poimds/square inch

Feet/minute 0.01667 Feet/second

Feet/minute 0.01136..... Miles/hour

Feet/second 0.6818 Miles/hour

Feet/second 0.01136 Miles/minute

Gallons 3785 Cubic centimeters

Gallons 0.1337 Cubic feet

441

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

Gallons 231 Cubic inches

Gallons 4 Quarts (liquid)

Gallons water 8.3453 Pounds of water

Gallons /minute 0.002228 Cubic feet/second

Gallons/minute 8.0208 Cubic feet/hour

Gallons water /minute..... 6.0086 Tons of water/24 hours

Inches..! 2.540 Centimeters

Inches of mercury 0.03342 Atmospheres

Inches of mercury 1.133 Feet of water

Inches of mercury 0.4912 Pounds/square inch

Inches of water 0.002458 Atmospheres

Inches of water .0.07355 Inches of mercury

Inches of water 5.202 Pounds/square feet

Inches of water 0.03613 Pounds/square inch

Liters 1000 Cubic centimeters

Liters 61.02 Cubic inches

Liters 0.2642 Gallons

Miles 5280 Feet

Miles/hour 88 Feet/minute

Miles/hour 1.467 Feet/second

Millimeters 0.1 Centimeters

Millimeters 0.03937 Inches

Million gallons /day .1.54723 Cubic feet /second

Pounds of water 0.01602 Cubic feet

Pounds of water 27.68 Cubic inches

Poimds of water 0.1198 Gallons

Pounds /cubic inch 1728 Pounds/cubic feet

Pounds/square foot 0.01602 Feet of water

Pounds/square inch 0.06804 Atmospheres

Pounds/square inch 2.307 Feet of water

Pounds/square inch 2.036 Inches of mercury

Quarts (dry) 67.20 Cubic inches

Quarts (liquid) 57.75 Cubic inches

Square feet 144 Square inches

Square miles 640..... Acres

Square yards 9 Square feet

Temperature (°C) + 273 1 Abs. temperature (°C)

Temperature (°C) + 17.28 1.8 Temperature (°F)

Temperature (°F) + 460 1 Abs. temperature (°F)

Temperature (°F) - 32 5/9 Temperature (°C)

Tons (short) 2000 Pounds

Tons of water/24 hours 83.333 Pounds water/hour

Tons of water/24 hours 0.16643 Gallons /minute

Tons of water/24 hours 1.3349 Cubic feet/hour

442

USEFUL TABLES

Areas and Circumferences of Circles

Diameter

Circumference

Area

nches

mm

Inches

mm

Inches'

mm*

1/8

6

0.40

10

0.01227

8.0

1/4

8

0.79

20

0.04909

31.7

3/8

10

1.18

30

0.11045

71.3

1/2

15

1.57

40

0.19635

126.7

3/4

20

2.36

60

0.44179

285.0

1

25

3.14

80

0.7854

506.7

1-1/4

32

3.93

100

1.2272

791.7

1-1/2

40

4.71

120

1.7671

1,140.1

2

50

6.28

160

3.1416

2,026.8

2-1/2

65

7.85

200

4.9087

3,166.9

3

80

9.43

240

7.0686

4,560.4

4

100

12.55

320

12.566

8,107.1

5

125

15.71

400

19.635

12,667.7

6

150

18.85.

480

28.274

18,241.3

7

175

21.99

560

38.485

24,828.9

8

200

25.13

640

50.265

32,428.9

9

225

28.27

720

63.617

41,043.1

10

250

31.42

800

78.540

50,670.9

EQUAL PERIPHERIES

S = 0.7854 D
D = 1 .2732 S

S = 0.8862 D
D = 1.1284 S
S = 0.2821 C

EQUAL AREAS

Area of square (S') =
1 .2732 X area of circle

Area of square (S) =
0.6366 X area of circle

C =nD = 2jtR

C:

= 3.5446 Varea

D:

= 0.3183 C = 2R

D:

= 1.1283 l/area

Area =jiR2 = 0.7854 D2

Area = 0.07958 C2 =jrD2

ji = 3.1416

443

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Flow in Partly Filled (One-Half Full) Pipes
(Based on Manning's Formula with n = .012)

gpmx6.31 = L/s
ft/sec X .305 = m/s
in. X 25.4 = mm

o o o ■<-

in to h- 00 cjs

10,000
9,(X)0
8.000
7.000
6,000

5,000
4,000

3.000

900
800
700

600
500

400

300
200

100
90
80
70

60
50
40

30

20

10

5

3

a
c

5
c

o

o

o
d

o
o

6

d

c
c

6
o

o o

d d

o
d

6
d

o
d

o
d

o
o

o
o

o
d

o

For 3/4 Full
Multiply Qx1.9
VX1.15

«•

y

,•

^

>i^

y^

^

^

t^

^

k

^

^

y

,^

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^.,1

y^

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X

-^

\

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>

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\

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x*^

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^

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^

\.<^

X

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,*

\

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\

^^

M

V

V

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\

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s..

^

«*'

Z'^

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\

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c

y^

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rf*"

•

y^ \

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y*

\

V

^

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^

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\

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^

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y

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\

9

\

.'i^

^

>

y

>

J**

10,000

1,000

100

10

SLOPE (FT./FT.)

444

USEFUL TABLES

Flow in Partly Filled (Full) Pipes
(Based on Manning's Formula with n = .012)

10.000
9,000
8.000
7,000
6,000
5.000

2,000

1,000
900
800
700
600

500
400

300

200

100
90
80
70

60
50
40

30

20

10

gpm X 6.31 ^ L/s
ft/sec X .305 = m/s
in. X 25-4 = mm

U3 (^ CO O)

o o o o •-
o o o o o

3 O

c

o

o

o

o

c

o

o o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

y

^

at

y

^

^'

y'

V'

y

""■""S^

V

1.

' y

y

y

y

y

\%

K

y

y

y

^

y

^

\

v

V.

V

\

y

^

^

?

^

\

\

\

\

\

\

\

\

y

\

y

\

\ V-

^^

\

JV

\

\

V^\

^^

\

^3^

>

^<'

\

^ \

\

\

\

^

V^

\

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y

y

\

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\

^y

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k,,„, ,

— ^

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x.^

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\

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1

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y

y

^

y

^

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^

^vv^

>*

^

y^

y

y

y

•

10,000

,000

100

10

SLOPE (FT/FT.)

445

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE
METRIC SYSTEM

(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS - SI)

For the users of this code, we are including a short explanation and some conversion tables to aid in the
conversion of our familiar English units to the forthcoming SI units.

This is written with the code users in mind, and will detail only those measurements used in everyday work
and calculations. For the scientific units, we recommend the use of ANSI Z210.1, "Metric Practice Guide."

GENERAL COMMENTS

Our present system of measuring involves the three dimensions of force, length and time. The SI units involve
mass, length, and time. The change of force to mass has meaning in scientific and engineering work, but for
practical use in ordinary construction, we will show kilogram to pounds conversion values, although an exact
conversion would be pounds force divided by the acceleration due to gravity to mass units.

In the same manner, the SI units for temperature expressed in Kelvins and based on absolute zero will be
given as degrees Celsius, which is the more familiar and practical Centigrade degrees.

The SI system measures angles in radians where there are 2 pi radians in a circle, but using a 1.5708 bend to
change from a vertical stack to a horizontal house drain is not as easy as calling out a 1/4 bend or an ell for
water piping.

The foregoing notes are intended to show that in making conversions from one unit system to another, a
little common sense niust be used and the degree of accuracy needed to do the job at hand.

The following tables are set up using this approach and using the preferred SI units.

446

USEFUL TABLES

METRIC SYSTEM
(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS - SI)

TO CONVERT

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

Atmospheres

Cm of mercury

76.0

Btu

Joules

1,054.8

Btu/hour

Watts

0.2931

Btu/minute

Kilowatts

0.01757

Btu/minute

Watts

17.57

Centigrade

Fahrenheit

(°C X 9/5) + 32°

Circumference

Radians

6.283

Cubic centimeters

Cubic inches

0.06102

Cubic feet

Cubic meters

0.02832

Cubic feet

Liters '

28.32

Cubic feet/minute

Cubic cm/ second

472.0

Cubic inches

Cubic cm

16.39

Cubic inches

Liters

0.01639

Cubic meters

Gallons (U.S. liquid)

264.2

Feet

Centimeters

30.48

Feet

Meters

0.3048

Feet

Millimeters

304.8

Feet of water

Kg /square cm

0.03048

Foot-Pounds

Joules

1.356

Foot-pounds / minute

Kilowatts

2.260 X 10-^

Foot-pounds / second

Kilowatts

1.356 X 10-^

Gallons

Liters

3.785

Horsepower

Watts

745.7

Horsepower-hours

Joules

2.684 X 10*^

Horsepower-hours

Kilowatt-hours

0.7457

Joules

Btu

9.480 X 10-*

Joules

Foot-pounds

0.7376

Joules

Watt-hours

2.778 X 10*

Kilograms

Pounds

2.205

Kilograms

Tons (short)

1.102 X 10-3

Kilometers

Miles

0.6214

Kilometers/hour

Miles /hour

0.6214

Kilowatts

Horsepower

1.341

Kilowatt-hours

Btu

3,413

Kilowatt-hours

Foot-pounds

2.655 X 10^

Kilowatt-hours

Joules

3.6 X 10^

Liters

Cubic feet

0.03531

447

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

METRIC SYSTEM

(INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS - SI)

(Continued)

TO CONVERT

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

Liters

Gallons (U.S. liquid)

0.2642

Meters

Feet

3.281

Meters

Inches

39.37

Meters

Yards

L094

Meters /second

Feet /second ,

3.281

Meters /second

Miles/hr

2.237

Miles (statute)

Kilometers

1.609

Miles /hour

Meters /minute

26.82

Millimeters

Inches

0.03937

Ounces (fluid)

Liters

0.02957

Pints (liquid)

Cubic centimeters

473.2

Pounds

Kilograms

0.4536

PSI

Pascals

6,895

Quarts (liquid)

Liters

0.9463

Radians

Degrees

57.30

Square inches

Square millimeters

645.2

Square meters

Square inches

1,550

Square millimeters

Square inches

1.550x10-^

Watts

Btu/hour

3.4129

Watts

Btu/minute

0.05688

Watts

Foot-pounds /second

0.7378

Watts

Horsepower

1.341 X 10-'

When the plumbing industry, including plumbers, suppliers, and manufacturers, actually begins the metric
conversion program, it will undoubtedly follow^ the guidelines of committees selected from all phases of the
construction industry as set up under the American National Metric Council.

The final preferred units used will be those that apply to our industry and will be of the magnitude to
simplify and ease job calculations and avoid confusion and ambiguity.

The conversion looks complex and confusing, but when the metric system was first proposed in France, an
attempt was made to include a ten-hour day, a ten-day week, and ten months to the year, but cooler heads
prevailed and our time still follows the sun and seasons. Likewise, assigning new units or numbers to the
quantities we must work with cannot change the basic hydraulic principles that plumbers have worked with
throughout history.

Information on conversion factors is provided by ANSI, the American National Metric Council, and the
Division of Designatronics, Inc.

448

INDEX

© 2006 International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials. All rights reserved.
The copyright in this index is separate and distinct from the copyright in the document that it indexes. The
licensing provisions set forth for the document are not applicable to this index. This index may not be
reproduced in whole or in part by any means without the express written permission of lAPMO.

Abandoned cesspools, grease interceptors,

septic tanks, and seepage pits 722.0, Appendix K

Absorption area, capacity of Table K-4, Appendix K

Access panels 203.0, 404.2, 414.1

Accessible, definition 203.0

Accessibility of:

Backwater valves 710.0, 1006.0

Chemical waste system 811.0

Cleanouts 707.0, 719.0

Fixtures for inspection, repairs, and cleaning .... 407.0

Floor drain traps 1006.0

Gas meters : 1209.6

Grease traps or interceptors 1009.0

Industrial interceptors and separators ......... 1009.0

Receptors 804.0

Regulator and relief valves 608.0

Septic tanks Appendix K

Shutoff and control valves 605.0, 1211.9

Slip joints , 404.2

Sump and receiving tanks 810.0

Valves, gas 1211.9

Valves, water 605.0

Water heateris 505.0

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 203.0, 701.0,

707.1,903.0

Additions 101.4.1

Additives, packing, prohibited .- . ; 705.1.5

Advance notice for inspections 103.5.4.1

Airbreak:

Definition 203.0

Required 801.1

Airgap:

Defirution 203.0

Required .603.3.5, 801.1, 806.0, 807.4

Air intakes, vent termination near 906.0

Air tank, for sumps 710.0

Air tests:

Gas piping system 1214.0

Water piping system 103.5.3.3

Alterations and repairs:

Deviations allowed 101.4.1.1.1, 301.1,4

Gas piping 1211.0

Alternate materials 301.0

Anchors and hangers . see Supports, 221.0

Appliance:

Connectors 1212.0

Gas, demand requirements 1216.0, Table 12-1

Indirect waste type 806.0-808.0

Application for permit 103.2

Approval required:

Appliances, fixtures . . . . 301.0, 406.0, 505.0, 508.0, 610.0

Backflow preventers , 603.0

Ballcocks : .603.4.2

Cesspool Appendix K

Chemical waste system 811.0

Combination waste and vent system 910.0,

Appendix B

Completed plumbing work 103.5.1

Devices 603.1

Flue, vents 510.2

Grease trap 1011.0

Indirect waste receptors 804.0

Industrial interceptors and separators 1009.0

Materials, specifications, standards 301.0, 707.0

Plans 101.3

Seepage pit Appendix K

Septic tank and disposal system Appendix K

Special fixtures 406.0

Vacuum breakers 603.0, 603.2.2

Water heaters, gas 505.0

Water heaters, oil 506.0

Approved, general definition 203.0

Approved testing agency 203.0

Area Drain, definition 203.0

Asbestos cement pipe joint 705.1.4

Aspirator, definition 203.0

Aspirators, protection 603.4.9

Attachment, vertical piping 314.0

Authority Having Jurisdiction 203.0

Authority to:

Disconnect gas 1207.0

Render gas service 1206.0

Automatic:

Clothes washer stand pipe 804.0

Flushing tanks 410.2

Flush valves 410.1&3

Priming device, for floor drains 1007.0

Siphon, septic tank Appendix K

Auto wash racks 1011.0

-B-

Backfilling 315.0

Backflow 204.0, 603.0, 1002.0

Backflow cormection 204.0, 603.0

Backflow preventer see Cross-Connections,

Back-Siphonage, 204.0, 205.0

Backing for fixtures 404.4

Back-pressure backflow 204.0, 603.0

Back-siphonage see Cross-Connections,

Backflow Preventer, 204.0, 205.0

Back-siphonage of traps, protection 1002.0

Back-to-back fixtures 704.0

Backwater valve 204.0, 710.0

Ballcocks, approval required 603.4.2

Baptistries 406.1

Bathtub, prohibited type 405.0

Bell and spigot joints 705.1

Bell h-aps, prohibited , 1004.0

Benching of trenches 315.0, 720.0

Blow off condensers 810.0

Boiler blowoff :

Definition 204.0

Prohibited discharge 810.0

449

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Bolts, noncorrosive 407.4

Bowl wax or gaskets 316.3

Branch, definition 204.0

Branch, fixture, definition 204.0

Branch, horizontal, definition 204.0

Branch vent, definition 204.0

Brass connections, ground joint 705.3.3

Brass pipe 701.0, 604.0, 903.0, 1209.5.2.3

Brazing or welding joints 310.2, 316.1.7

Btu rating, gas appliances 1209.4.2

Building, definition : 204.0

Building drain (sanitary)

Defirution 204.0

Size of 703.0

Building drain (storm), definition 204.0

Buildings over sewer 101.4.1.1.2

Building sewer Chapter 7, Part II

Cleanouts 719.0

Combined, definition 204.0

Damage to 306.0

Definition 204.0

Distance from building and below ground .313.0, 720.0

Grade and support of 718.0

Location of 308.0, 313.0, 718.0, 721.0, Table 7-7

Material of 715.0

Must be on same lot as buildings 308.0

Required 305.0, 713.0

Sanitary, definition 204.0

Size of 717.0

Storm, definition 204.0

Testing of 723.0

Water pipe in trench 720.0

Building sewers and drains, existing 101.4.1.1.2

Building subdrain, definition 204.0

Building supply, definition 204.0

Burned lead joints 705.1.3

Burred ends 310.3, 609.1, 701.2.1, 903.4, 1209.5.5

Bushings, solder 701.4.2, Table 7-2

-C-

Capacity of:

Disposal field Appendix K

Seepage pits Appendix K

Water closet tanks 402.0

Cast-iron soil pipe and fittings

Joints and connections 705.2.2

Support of 314.0

Caulked joints 705.1.1

Caulking, waterproofing 407.0

Caulking ferrules 701.4, 705.3.3, Table 7-1

Cement mortar joints, prohibited 705.1.2

Certificate of Final Approval 103.5.6.3, 1205.0

Certification by:

Backflow assembly testers 205.0, 603.1

Medical gas certifiers 1328.1.1

Medical gas installers 1311.3

Medical gas systems 1311.2

Pipe welder 225.0

Cesspool: Appendix K

Abandoned 722.0

Connections to sewer prohibited 714.3

Definition 205.0

Distance from lot line, building, surface Table K-1

Must be on same lot as building 308.0

Change in direction of drainage piping 706.0

Change in direction of gas piping 1211.5

Check valves:

In gas systems 1211.12.6

In water systems ....;... 608.3

Chemical toilet, prohibited 405.3

Chemical waste 205.0, 811.0

Clarifier 205.0, 1009.0

Clay, vitrified 701.0

Joints and connections 705.2.1

Cleanout plugs or caps 707.1- 3, 707.13, 707.14,

Cleanouts .707.0, 719.0

Clearance for:

Water heaters 505.3.1, 505.3.2

Water heater vents 510.0

Clear water waste, definition 205.0

Clinic sink, definition 205.0

Closet bends, prohibited type 311.0

• Maximum length 1002.2

Closet rings 316.3, 316.3.2, 704.0, 704.4

Closet screw bolts 704.4.5

Clothes washer stand pipe 804.0

Code:

Definition 205.0

Validity of 103.8

Combination fixture 1001.0

Combination waste and vent system 205.0, 910.0, Appendix B

Combustible material, definition 502.6

Combustion air, required 507.0

Common 205.0, 905.0

Common vent, gas 510.6.4

Compartments for:

Water heaters 505.0

Compression joints 316.1.5

Concealed slip joints 404.2

Concealing of work prohibited before inspection 103.5.1 .1,

103.5.1.3, 1204.0

Condensers and sumps 810.0

Control, shutoff valves 605.0, 1211.9, 1212.4

Connection:

At septic tank Appendix K

Indirect waste piping 803.0

To plumbing system, required 304.0

To sewer, required 305.0, 713.0

Connector, gas 1212.0

Connector, vent 510.10, 510.11

Construction, existing 101.4.1.3

Contamination 205.0, Table 6-2

Continuous vent, definition 205.0

Continuous waste:

Definition 205.0

Materials 404.3

Multiple fixtiares 1001.0

Cooling units:

Drains 801.0

Potable water waste pipes 808.0

Cooling water, connection permitted 808.0

Copper and lead pans 411.8

Copper pipe or tubing:

Connection to screwed pipe 316.2.1

Fittings for 604.0, 701.0, 903.0, 1209.5.8.4

Forming 609.1

Joints and connections 606.2.1

Location and use of 604.0, 701.1.4, 811.1, 903.0

Marking of 604.3

QuaUty and weight of material 604.2, 701.1.4

Support of 314.0

Corrections, inspection 103.5.6.1-2

450

INDEX

Corrosion, protection from 313.5, 609.3, 1211.1.3

Cover plate 707.9, 710.10

CPVC— CMorinated poly (vinyl chloride) 205.0, 604.1,

Critical level 205.0, 603.4.5

Cross-connections see Backflow, Back-Siphonage

Approval of preventive devices 601.0-603.0

Backflow preventers 602.0-603.0

Control .601.0-603.0

Critical level 603.4.5

Definition .205.0

Prohibited 601.0-603.0

Vacuum breakers 603.2.2, 603.2.5, 603.2.6

Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), definition ......... .218.0

Cutting of structural members 313.2

-D-
Damage to drainage and sewer systems ....... 306.0, 714.0

Dangerous or insanitary plumbing 101.5.2

Defective material, gas 1214.0

Defective systems, testing of 103.5.5.1

Definition of terms Chapter 2, 502.0, 1203.0

Demand, gas appliance .1209.4.2

Department Having Jurisdiction, definition 206.0

Detrimental wastes 307.0, 1009.0

Developed length:

Defirution 206.0

Trap arm 1002.0, Table 10-1

Diameter, definition 206.0

Dielectric insulator 508.1

Direct connection of water piping to sewer 602.0-602.2,

805.0, 807.1, 808.0

Direct vent water heater .502.7, 505.1

Direction, change of 706.0-707.0, 719.0

Discharge capacity, fixture 702.0

Dishwasher cormection, domestic 807.4

Disposal fields for septic tanks Appendix K>

Table K-1
Disposal of:

Food waste 404.4, 714.4, 1001.3, 1014.1.3

Liquid waste 303.0

Distance of trap from vent 1002.2, Table 10-1

Distribution boxes, disposal fields Appendix K

Domestic sewage, definition , 206.0

Doors, shower stalls 411.6

Double traps, prohibited 1004.0

Dosing tanks Appendix K

Downspout, definition 206.0

Drain:

Building, definition 204.0

Fixture, definition 208.0

Floor 411.0, 1006.0

House, definition 210.0

Sub-drains (showers) 411.8

Drainage:

Below curb and main sewer level 710.0

By gravity required 709.0

Change in direction . see Change in direction, drainage

Cormection to sump 710.0

Connection to sewer or private

disposal system 305.0, 713.0

Damage to 306.0, 714.0

Defective .103.5.5.1

Durham or recessed screwed fittings 701.2, 701.2.1

Fittings, material 311.8, 701.2, 707.0

Grade or fall 708.0, 718.0

Indirect wastes chapter 8

Length between trap and vent 1002.2, Table 10-1

Material of 301.0, 701.0, 811.0

Protection of 313.0

Sizes of, minimum 703.0

Steam and hot water 810.0

Support 314.0, 718.0

Waste and vent Table 7-5

Drilling, improper notching 313.11

DriiJcing fountains 405.1, 809.0

Drum traps, vented 1004.0

Durham system, definition 206.0

-E-

Easements for sewers 308.1, 721.2

Effective opening, definition 207.0

Ejectors 710.0

Example, illustrating use of gas tables 1217.0

Excavations 315.0, 1204.0

Exceptions:

Connection to sewer 713.6

Independent systems 312.0

Tests 103.5.3.3

Vent size Table 7-5, 904.0

Water piping 610.13, 720.0

Excessive water pressure 608.2

Existing work 101.4.1.3, 207.0, 301.1.4

Expansion joints 705.3.2

Expansion of pipe, provision for 313.2

_F-

Fall of sewers 718.0

Faucets 601.0, 601.3

Fees 103.3-5, Table 1-1

Ferrules, caulking 701.4, 705.3.3, Table 7-1

Fill> for building sewers 718.0

Final inspection, certificate .103.5.6.3, 1205.0

Fittings:

Cleanout 707.0, Table 7-6

Drainage 701.2

Gas piping 1209.5.4, 1209.5.8, 1209.5.9

IrUet, for fixture connections 704.1

Material of 604.0, 710.4, 1209.5

Prohibited 311.0, 604.10, 903.3, 1209.5

Screwed . 311.8

Threaded 311.8

Water piping 604.0

Fixture:

Branch, definition 208.0

Connections 704.0

Drain, definition 208.0

Flanged connection 316.3

Supply 208.0, 601.1, 610.0

Unit 208.0, 702.0

Urut flow rate 610.3, 702.0

Fixtures see Plumbing Fixtures

Flagpoling of vents 906.3

Flammable Vapor or Fumes 208.0

Flanges 316.1-3, 704.4

Flared joints 606.1.1, 705.3.3

Flashing 313.8, 510.6.1, 906.5

Flood level 208.0, 807.4

Flood-level rim .208.0, 603.3.5

Flooded, defirution 208.0

Floor drains 411.0

Backwater valve required 1006.0

Trap location and type 411.0, 1006.0

451

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Water supply 601.0

Water trap supplies (primers) 1007.0

Floor flanges see Flanges

Floors, under shower compartments 411.0

Flow rates, in fixture units 610.3, 702.0

Flue collar 502.8

Flush tanks 208.0, 601.0

Flush valves, definition 208.0

Flushometer tank '. . . .208.0, 603.4.3

Flushometer valve . . .208.0, 603.4.1, 610.10, Tables 6-5 & 6-7

Flux, solder .316.1.3

Food-handling equipment 801.2

Food waste disposal unit 404.4, 714.4, 1014.1.3

Freezing, protection of pipes 313.6, 609.1

-G-

Gang or group showers, definition 209.0

Garbage grinder see Food Waste Dosposal Unit

Food waste disposer 1014.1.3, 404.4

Gas Chapter 12

Appliance connectors 1203.1, 1212.1

Appliance demand 1209.4.2, Table 12-1

Authority to disconnect 1207.0

Authority to render service 1206.0

Capping or plugging outlets required .....;... 1207.3

Connectors 1212.1

Definition 1203.0

Demand, appliance Table 12-1, 1209.4.2

Disconnecting appliances 1207.0

General .1202.0

Hourly volume, rating 1216.2

Inspection 103.5, 1204.0

Installation of 1202.0, 1211.0

Leaks 1214.0

Liquefied Petroleum '1213.0

Location of meters and access thereto 1209.6

Material oi 1209.0

Meters 1209.6

Meters, location 1209.6

Piping, definition 1203.3

Piping size . . . 1216.0, 1217.0, Table 12-7 to Table 12-41

Piping system, definition 1203.4

Plans required 101.3

Service piping, definition 1203.8

Test .1214.0

Temporary use of 1208.0

Undergroimd piping .1211.1

Utility supplying 1203.6, 1205.0

Gas piping:

Access to meter 1209.6.2

Defects, cracks, splits, prohibited 310.0

Definition 1203.0

Inspection and testing 1204.0, 1214.0

Installation 1211.2

Material . ; .1209.5

Required gas supply 1216.0

Size 1216.0, 1217.0

Supporting fixtures 1211.2.6, Table 12-3

Unions , 1211.3.2(4)

Gas water heater; see definition 502.15

Approval requirements 501.0

Clearances 505.3

Combustion air required .507.0

Draft hoods .510.12

Inspections 504.0

Oil burning or other ; . 506.0

Permits required 503.0

Pressure-relief valves 608.0

Prohibited locations 505.1

Protection 505.0, 506.0, 510.0

Sealed combustion 502.7, 510.2.5

Vent required ... 510.2.1

Gas water heater vent:

Approved type required 510.6

Area of .510.6.3

Common vent 510.10.4

Connector 510.10

Damper prohibited 510.15

Definitions 502.0

Drafthoods .....510.12

Engineered system 510.7.5.1

Existing masonry chimneys 510.5.4

Hood, cap or cowl 510.6.2

Inspections 504.0

Location and support 510.6.5, 510.7.6

Location of draft hood and connectors ....... 510.12.5

Material 510.10.2

Mechanical draft systems 510.3.4

Protection and support 510.6.5

Required 510,2.1

Sizeof 511.0

Termination .-. 510.6.2

Grade:

Building sewer 718.0

Definition 209.0

Horizontal drainage • • . • .708.0

Gravity drainage required ; 709.0

Gravity supply tariks 607.0

Gray water systems .Chapter 16

Grease interceptors Chapter 10

Definition 209.0

Design and construction Chapter 10

Where required .1009.0-1014.0

Grease traps:

Construction and design 1014.0

Definition .209.0

Sizes Table 10-2

Ground joint connections 705.3.3

Grounding 604.8

-H-

Hangers see Supports

Harmful waste see Waste, detrimental and harmful

Health and safety .101.2, 101.5.2

High hazard 210.0, Table 6-1

Horizontal branch .210.0, 703.0

Horizontal pipe, definition 210.0

Horizontal-to-horizontal drainage fittings 706.0

Horizontal-to-vertical drainage fittings 706.0

Horizontal vent pipes Table 7-5, 904.0

Hose connections 603.2.3, 1212.0.

Hot-mopped shower pans see Shower pans

Hot water boiler ; . Table 14-1

Hot water pipe sizing ; .610.0

House drain .see Building sewer

House sewer see Building sewer

-I-

Identification:

Copper tubing . . ; ............. ...604.3

Gas piping 1209.6.5, 1209.7.7

Piping, fittings, h-aps, and fixtures ..... 301.1.2, 1003.1

Required 301.0

Water lines, nonpotable — . .601.2

452

INDEX

Increasers 316.4, 317.0

Independent system of sewers 312.0

Indirect waste:

Appliances 807.0

Condensers and sumps 810^2

CooHng water 808.0

Drinking fountains 809.0

Food-handling equipment ; 801.2

Sterilizing equipment 801.5, 806.0

Indirect waste piping:

Approval required 802.0

Cleanouts 803.0

Connections 801.1, 805.0

Definition : 211.0

■ Hot water 810.0

Maximum length 803.0

Required 801.0

Size of 803.0

Steam and hot water .810.0

Vents 803.0

Indirect waste receptors:

Approval required 802.0

For clothes washers 804.0

Materials 802.0

Prohibited location 804.1

Required water supply 601.0, 1007.0

Size of 804.1

Individual vent 211.0, Table 7-5, 1014.0

Industrial interceptors and separators 1009.0-1012.0

Iridusfrial wastes 211.0, 307.0

Approval required 811.1, 1009.2

Disposal .811.0

Materials 811.2, 1009.2

Pretreatment 811.1

Inlet fittings for fixture connections 704.2

Insanitary:

Construction .101.4 1.3

Definition 211.0

Inspection and testing:

Abandoned sewers, cesspools 722.0, K 11

Advance notice for 103.5.4.1, 1204.0

Building sewer 723.0

Certificate 103.5.6.3, 1205.0

Concealment of work, prohibited

before inspection 103.5.1.1, 103.5.1.3, 1204.0

Disposal fields Appendix K

Final 103.5.6.3, 504.2, 1204.3.2

Fliies and vents .504.0

Gas piping, rough emd final '. 1204.3

Labor and material for ...;.... .103.5.4.2

Water heaters 504.0

Water piping 103.5.1.1

bispector see Authority Having Jurisdiction

Installation of:

Building sewer: 715.0, 717.0, 718.0

■ Cleanouts 707.0, 719.0, 803.0, Table 7-6

Devices to prevent cross-connections 602.0, 603:0

■ Drainage piping system Chapter 7

Fbctures 407.0

Floor drains and shower stalls 411.0

Gas piping systems 1211.0

Overflows 403.0

Urinals 402.3, 405.2, 407.0, 409.0410.0

Vents Chapter 9

Water piping system 609.0

Insulator, dielectric 508.1

Intake, air, vent termination near 906.2

Integral traps .1001.1, Table 7-3

Intercepting hoppers or sink see Receptors

Interceptors:

Abandoned 1014.3.7

Auto wash rack . ; 1011.0

Cleaning required 1009.6

Cleanouts, location 707.8

Definition : . . . .209.0

, Design 1014.3.3

Effluent sampling 1014.3.5.1

Grease , 1009.0-1015.0

Industrial .1009.0

Location 1009.5, 1014.3.4

Maintenance 101.4.1.2, 1009.6

Packing establishments 1010.0

Required .1009.1

Sizing 1014.2.2, 1014.3.6, 1015.4

Slaughterhouse 1010.0, 1014.2.2

Vent 902.0

Waste discharge requirements 1014.1

Intermixing of metals prohibited 311.6, 508.1, 604.1

Invert, definition 211.0

Iron pipe size (IPS) pipe 302.0

Island fixture, venting 909.0

-J-
Joints and connections:

Additives prohibited 705.1.5

Brazed 212.0, 316.1.7, 609.3.2

Cast iron 705.1, 705.2

Cement mortar, prohibited 705.1.2

Compoi-mds, thread lubricants 316.1.1

Compression 316.1.5, 606.2.1

Copper to iron 311.6, 316.2.1

Copper tube 316.2.1, 606.2.1

Earthenware to metal 316.3.1

Elastomeric gasketed 705.1.7

Expansion 705.3.2

, Fixture . , 316.3, 407.0

Flexible : 316.1.5

Floor-mounted 316.3, 704.0

Gas and watertight .103.5.3.5

Gaspiping 1209.5

Ground joint unions 705.3.3

Hubless cast iron '. 705.1.9

Increasers and reducers .317.0

Lead 316.1.2, 705.1, 705.2.4

Mecharucal .'. .606.1.2

Molded rubber 705.1.6

Prohibited fittings and practices .... 311.0, 316.4, 317.0

Rubber ring 705.1.7

Screwed . - 316.1.1

Shield coupling 705.1.8

Slip 404.2, 705.3.1, 1003.2

Soldered or sweat 212.0, 316.1.3

Solvent cement 316.1.6

Special 316.2

Threaded .316.1.1

Tightaiess 103.5.3.5

Tubing 316.1.3, 316.2.1, 606.2.1, 1209.5

Union 316.2.2, 609.5, 1211.3.2

453

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Vitrified clay 705.2.1

Welded 225.0, 705.1.3, 1211.3.2

Wiped 316.1.2

Jurisdiction, Department Having, definition 206.0

-K-
Kitchen sinks, prohibited types 405.3

-L-

Labeled, definition 214.0

Labor for tests 103.5.4.2

Laboratories, chemical 811.0

Laundry tubs 1003.1

Lavatories 413.1

Lavatories in sets, definition 214.0

Lawn sprinklers 603.4.6

Lead joints see Joints, Lead and Connections

Lead:

Sheet 401.2, 701.3

Shower receptor 411.8

Lead pipe:

Traps and bends 701.3

Leader, definition 214.0

Leaks, gas piping 1214.0

Length:

Developed, definition 206.0

Drainage piping 703.0, Table 7-5

Vent piping Table 7-5, 904.0

Length and size of gas pipes 1217.0

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 1201.0, 1203.5, 1213.0

Liquid waste:

Definition 214.0

Disposal of 303.0

Listed 214.0

Listing Agency, definition 214.0

Loading, fixture unit Tables 6-5, 7-3 & 7-4

Location of:

Backwater valve 710.1, 710.4, 710.6, 1006.0

Fbchires 309.0

Gas meters and risers 1209.1

Gas valves 1209.1

Industrial interceptors and separators 1009.0

Plumbing or sewer on lot 308.0, 721.0, Table 7-7

Pressure-relief, regulator, or check valves 608.0, 1209.7

Private sewage disposal system Appendix K

Secondary protection, water heaters 506.2

Shutoff valves 605.0, 1209.10, 1211.9.2 .

Temperature reUef valves 608.3

Vent terminals 510.6.2, 906.0

Water heaters 505.0, 508.0

Lot, definition 214.0

Lot line, termination of vents from 906.0

Low hazard 214.0, Table 6-2

Lubricants, thread 316.1.1, 705.1.5, 1209.5.7(d)

-M-

Macerating Toilet System, definition 215.0, 710.13

Main, definition 215.0

Sewer see Public Sewer

Vent, definition 215.0

Water main 225.0

Maintenance 101.4.1.2, 1007.0, 1009.6, 1014.6

Material:

Alternate 301.0, 406.3

Approval required 301.0

Backwater and gate valves 605.4, 710.4, 710.6

Building drain .701.0

Building sewer 715.0

Cesspool Appendix K

Cleanouts 707.0

Combustible, definition 502.6

Condensers 810.2

Drainage systems 701.0

Fittings 301.0, 311.0, 707.2, 710.4, 710.6, 1209.5

Gas piping .1209.5

Marking of 301.0, 604.3, 710.6, 716.0, 1003.1

Protection of 315.4, 1211.1

Septic tank Appendix K

Showers 411.0

Shower control valves 418.0

Soil and waste pipes 701.0

Specifications, standards 301.0

Sumps 710.8

Thread lubricants 316.1.1, 1209.5.7(d)

Traps 1212.7

Valves and fittings .605.0

Vents 903.0

May, definition ;215.0

Meat packing and slaughterhouses ; 1010.0

Medical gas systems '. Chapter 13

Metals, intermixing prohibited 311.6

Meters, gas:

Location of 1209.6.2

Meters, water 610.1, 610.8, Appendix A

Minimum standards 301.0

Mobile home parks and

recreational vehicle parks Appendix E

Mortar, cement joints prohibited 705.1.2

-N-

Natural gas, specific gravity 1216.0

Nipples, soldering 316.1.2

Non-corrosive bolts : 407.3, 407.4

Notching 313.2

Nonpotable water piping 603.4.11, 610.13(6)

Notice of inspection 103.5.4.1

Nuisance .101.4.1.3, 216.0, 713.6

-O-

Obstiuctions to flow 311.5, 316.4.1-2

Offset 217.0, 510.6.1.1, 706.4, 905.3

Oil interceptors 1009.0

Opening, effective, definition 207.0

Open trench work 315.3

Overflow:

For gravity supply tank 607.0

Plumbing fixture 403.0

Rim, flood-level rim 208.0, 403.0

Oxygen and gas interconnected 1211.12

-P-

Packing additives prohibited 705.1.5

Packing houses, grease interceptors required 1010.0

Penalties 102.3.2, 103.5.6.1

Percolation tests Appendix K

Permit, required 101.3, 103.4.4.1, 103.5.1, 503.0

Photographic studio sinks, wastefrom 811.8

Piping:

Building, adjacent to 313.4

Building supply size 610.0

454

INDEX

Cleanout 707.0, 719.0

Compounds, thread lubricants 316.1.1, 1209.5.7(d)

Diameter, definition 206.0

Drainage, horizontal, grade of 708.0

Drainage piping, size of 703.0

Embedded in masonry or concrete 313.2

Gas, definition of 1203.2

Gas, size of 1216.0, 1217.0

Hangers and supports 314.0, 1211,2.6, Table 12-3

Horizontal , definition 210.0

Hot water, size of 610.0

Improper location 309.0

Interconnection of gas systems 1211.11,1211.12

Joints 103.5.3.5, 316.0, 317.0, 606.0, 705.0

Nonpotable water 603.4.11

Protection from freezing , 313.6

Protection required 313.0, 315.0, 609.3, 1211.0

Size of; see Diameter 302.0, 703.0, 904.0, 610.0,

1216.0, 1217.0

Reaming 310.3, 609.1, 701.2.1, 903.4, 1209.5.5

Sizes of 302.0, 904.0

Soil, definition 221.0

Special wastes 221.0, Chapter 8

Threads 311.8, 316.1.1, 701.2.2, 1209.5.7

Tube, forming 609.1

Underground .... 316.2.2, 604.2, 701.1.1, 903.1.1, 903.3,

1211.1

Vent 224.0, Chapter 9

Vertical 224.0, Table 3-2, Chapters 7 & 9

Waste 225.0, Chapters 7 & 8

Waste, indirect 211.0, Chapter 8

Water, materials 604.0

Water, size of 610.0

Water-distributing, definition 225.0

Welder, definition 225.0

Wrapping 609.3.1, 1211.1.3

Pit, seepage 221.0, Table 1-1, 122.0, Appendix K

Plans required or may be required 101.3, 802.0

Plastic joint solvent cement 316.1.6

Plugs, caps, cleanout 707.1-2

Plugging, fixture outlets '. 101.4.1.1.3

Plumbing:

Additions and alterations 101.4.1

Appliance, definition 218.0

Appurtenance, definition 218.0

Connected to sewer or private

disposal system 304.0, 305.0, 713.0

Defective, test of 103.5.5.1, 103.5.6.2

Definition 218.0

Inspection of 103.5

Installation, material for Chapter 7

Official see Authority Having Jurisdiction

Repair 101.4.1.1.1-2

System, definition 218.0

Test required 103.5.3

Uncovered for inspection 103.5.1.4

Plumbing fixtures 218.0, 401.1

Accessibility 407.1, 407.6

Alternate materials 301.2, 406.3

Backing of 407.2, 407.4

Back-to-back .704.2

Below curb or sewer level 710.1-2

Chemical resistant 406.3

Clearance from wall, toilet, urinal 407.6

Connections, drainage 316.3, 404.0, 406.0, 704.1

Control valves 605.0

Distance from traps . . .1001.2, 1001.4, 1002.2, Table 10-1

Floor drains and showers 411.0, 1006.0

Improper location of 309.0

Indirect connection 804.1

Indirect waste 804.0

Installation of 407.0

Island 909.0

Joints 316.0, 404.0, 406.1-407.0

Material of 401.0, 406.3, 411.0

Must be cormected to sewer 304.0, 305.0

Must be provided with trap 1001.0

Overflows 403.0

Prohibited 311.0, 311.5, 405.0, 410.3, 910.0

Required 411.1

Setting 316.3.1, 407.6

Size of waste for 702.0, 703.0, Table 7-3

Special fixtures 406.0

Standards 401.0

Strainers and connections 404.0

Supply and waste connection, access to 404.2

Supply fittings 407.8

Unit equivalent . . . 610.3, 702.0, 703.0, Tables 6-5, 7-3 & 7-4

Water supply required 601.0

Pollution 218.0

Polyethylene (PE) 604.1

Polypropylene (PP), definition 218.0

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 218.0, 604.1, 701.1, 701.2

Potable water;

Definition 218.0

Protection of 602.0, 603.0

Supply required 601.0

Unlawful connection to ; 602.0

Poured joints 705.1.1

Pressure drainage connections prohibited 805.0

Pressure, excessive, water 608.2

Pressure losses, water 610.0

Pressure regulator, when required 608.2-6

Pressure, regulator, gas .1209.7

Pressure-relief valve 505.4, 505.6, 506.2, 608.0

Preventer, backflow 204.0, 603.2

Primary settling tarJ< 902.1

Private or private use, definition 218.0

Private sewage:

Capacity of system Appendix K

Construction Appendix K

Disposal system 218.0, Appendix K

General 103.5.1.3, Appendix K

Location 721.0, Table 1-1, Appendbc K

Private sewer, definition 218.0

Private water supply 602.2, 602.4

Prohibited:

Additives, packing ; 705.1.5

Cement mortar joints : .705.1.2

Concealment of defects 310.2, 1214.4.3

Concealment of work before inspection .103.5.1, 705.1.1

Connections, rainwater 306.2

Connections, waste .... 403.0, 801.1, 801.2, 805.0, 806.0

Cormections, water 602.0

Copper tubing, use of 903.2.3, 1209.5.2.3

Damage to drainage system 306.1, 313.0

Defective material 103.1.2.1, 301.1.1, 1214.4

Direct drainage 603.3.5, 801.1, 810.1

Double trap fixture 1004.0

Drinking fountain location 405.1

Fittings : 311.0, 316.4

Fixtures 311.5, 405.0, 408.2

455

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Food waste disposal, connection to .... 1001.3, 1014.1.3

Gas water heaters in bathroom, bedroom 505.1

Industrial waste disposal 307.0

Joints and connections .316.4, 606.2.2, 705.1

Liquefied petroleum gas . . . ; 1213.0

Pipes in masonry 313.2

Practices 101.4.1.1.2, 310.2, 311.0, 313.2, 313.4,

313.6,316.4,602.0,714.0

Receptors, location of 804.1

Trapjoints 1003.0

Traps . . . . ; .1004.0

Trough type urinals . . . . ; 405.2

Union couplings in gas piping 1211.3.2(4)

Urinals and water closets on

combination waste and vent 910.7

Water piping in drainage or sewer trench . . .720.0

Zinc alloy die cast components .406.4

Property line, termination of vent 906.2

Protection from:

Corrosion 313.1, 313.5, 609.3.1, 1209.5.6

Freezing ....;.... , 313.6

Protection of :

Piping materials and structures 313.0, 1209.5

Potable water supply ....:... .603.0

Trap seal ...1002.1,1005.0,1007.0.

Water heaters 505.3, 506.2

Public, or public use, definition 218.0

Public sewer, definition .218.0

Public shower floors 411.1

-Q-
Quality and weight of materials,

general regulations Chapter 3

Quality of fixtures ...... 401.1

Quick-disconnect device 1212.5

-R-

Rain and surface water drains 306.2, 714.2

Rainwater systems Chapter 11, Appendix D

Rate of flow, fixture unit . . 610.0, Table 6-5, 702.0, Table 7-3

Reaming pipes 310.3, 606.1.1, 701.2.1, 903.4, 1209.5.5

Receiving tank or sump ........ .710.2-3, 710.7-10, 710.13.1

Receptors:

Accessible 804.1, 811.4

Approval required .802.0, 804.1

Cormected indirectly to sewer 801.1-2

Definition 220.0

Indirect Waste .804.0

Maximum distance from fixture 804.1

Required ..........'... 801.1-2,811.1

Shower, shower stalls 411.0

Size of trap, vent, waste 803.0

Type and size ; . . 804.1

Recessed or Durham fittings 206.0, 701.2.1

Reclaimed water Chapter 16

Recommended loadings, sewage

disposal .Table 7-5, Appendix K

Reducer, where required 317.0

Refrigerators ...........: .Table 7-3, 801.2

Regulators/gas supply ...........;....... 1202.0, 1209.7.4

Regulators, relief valves on water supply 608.2-6

Relief vent ....'...:... .220.0, 907.0

Connections .....; 805.0

For closed condensers, sumps, interceptors 810.1-2,

1009.0

Remote outlet, defiiution 220.0

Repairing:

Defective gas pipe, prohibited 1207.0

Defective pipe and fittings , ''. 101.5.2

Repairs and alterations to plumbing and

drainage system 101.4.1.1

Required:

Plans .101.3

Plumbing fixtures .' .411.1

Sewer cormections 304.0, 305.0

Vents ; 901.0

Responsible for testing 103.5.4.2

Restauranty grease trap ;1014.1

Retesting '. . . .103.5.6.2

Rim:

Definition ; . 220.0

Flood level 208;0, 603.3.5, 603.4.9, 905.3, 909.0

Rise:

Horizontal vent .1 .905.3

Vents above fixture .905.3

Riser .220.0, 610.1

Roof drains 220.0, 306.2

Roof supply tanks 607.0

Roof, termination of vents above 510.6.2, 906.1,

906.3,906.7

Roughing-in, definition 220.0

Running water, required 601.1

-S-

Saddle, sleeve, band outlets, prohibited 311.1

Safety and health , 101.5.2

Safety devices 505.0, 603.3-14, 608.0,

Sand interceptor:

Cleanout for 707.8

Definition ....:....,.... see Interceptor

Design .1009.1, 1009.3

Required 1016.1

Required for steam exhaust or blow off 810.0, Table 8-1

Secondary 902.1

Type of ti-ap 1009,2

Vent, required and not required 901.0,902.0,

1002.1-2, 1002.4

Water seals .1007.0

Sanitary tees, permissible use 706.2

Screw pipe, supporting of .......; 314.0

Screw pipe to cast iron 705.2.3

Screw pipe to copper tubing 316.2.1

SDR, defiiution 221.0

Seal, trap; see Trap, seal .1005.0, 1007.0

Screw joints ... .316.2.1, 705.2.3

Secondary energy protection .505.3, 506.2

Secondary sand interceptors 902.0

Secondary temperature limiting device , . 506.2

Seepage lines .Appendix K

Seepage pit Appendix K

Abandoned Appendix K

Construction Appeiidix K

Location .721.0, Table 7-7

Size ; .Appendix K

Soil absorption Appendix K

Self-cleaning traps .Table 7-3, 1003.1

Separate plumbing and drainage systems 312.0

Separate venting .811.6, 906.3

Separator .... .1009.0

Septic tanks . . 221.0, Appendix K

Abandoned 722.2-5, Appendix K

Connections to sewer prohibited ...... . . . . . 714.3

Location of ... 721.0, Table 7-7

456

INDEX

Wastes, connection to 714.3

Service, authority to render gas 1206.0

Service piping, gas, definition , 1203.8

Setting fixtures : 316.3.1, 407.6

Settling tank 902.1

Sewage:

Defirution 221.0

Disposal of 303.0, 305.0, 709.0, 713.0, 714.0,

Sewage disposal system, private Appendix K

Construction 713.3

Holding tank 714.5

Location 721.0, Table 1-1

Sewage ejector, definition 221.0

Sewage pump, definition 221.0

Sewers Chapter 7

Abandoned 722.0

Adjacent to walls 715.1, 718.3, Table 1-1

Available 305.2, 713.2, 713.4

Building, material of 701.0, 715.1

Building sewer 204.0, Chapter 7

Cleanouts 719.0

Connection to, required .304.0, 305.0, 713.0

Construction of 715.0-719.0, Table 1-1

Damage to 306.1, 714.1, 811.1

Depth of .708.0, 718.3

Easements for 721.2

Ejectors 710.2

Existing .101.4.1.1.1-2, 312.0, 705.1.2, 713.6

Grade and support of 708.0, 713.6, 718.0

Independent system required 312.0

Inspection, order of 103.5.1

Installed on made or filled-in ground 718.2

Location . . . .308.0, 313.0, 718.0, 720.0, 721.0, Table 1-1

Materials 101.4.1.1.2, 715.1, 718.3, 720.0

Mobile home 215.0, Appendix E

Must be on same lot as building . . . . 308.1, 312.0, 721.1

Pipe joints 705.1, 705.3.1

Private sewage disposal system 218.0, 305.1-2,

713.1-2,713.6

Public, definition '.. .218.0

Public, damage to 306.1, 714.1

Required 305.1-2, 713.1-2, 713.6

Size of building 710.5, 717.0, Table 7-8

Testing of :...... 101.4.1.1.2

Water pipe in trench 720.0

Shall, definition 221.0

Sheet lead 411.8, 701.3

Shielded couplings 221.0, 705.1.8

Shock arrester, definition 221.0

Short turn 1/4 bend, prohibited 311.5, 706.1

Should, definition 221.0

Shower stall or compartment 411.7

Showers, gang, drainage 209.0, 411.9, Table 7-3

Shower pans .411.8

Shower receptors 411.8

Shutoff valves ,605.0, 710.4, 1211.9

Single-family dwelling, definition 221.0

Sinks:

Chemical, special use 406.3

Island ; 909.0

Prohibited 405.3

Sinks and laimdry tubs .1001.2-3

Types prohibited .... 405.3

Size of:

Building sewer ...... 703.0, 705.0, 717.0, Tables 7-3, 7-8

Cesspool .Appendix K

Combination waste and vent piping 805.0, 910.0,

Appendix B

Combustion air vents 506.1, 507.0

Disposal field Appendix K

Drainage piping, minimum 703.0, 707.3, 707.10,

Table 7-3

Gas piping system 1216.0, 1217.0

Indirect waste pipes 803.0

Pipe cleanout 707.11, Table 7-6

Seepage pit Appendix K

Septic tank Table 7-3, Appendix K

Trap 702.0, Table 7-3, 910.4, 910.6, 1003.3, 1006.0

Vent pipes 710.10, Table 7-5, 810.1, 904.0, 905.4,

906.3,908.2,908.3,910.3,

Vent stack Table 7-5, 904.0, 907.1

Water piping 609.0, 610.0

Slaughterhouses 1010.0

Slip joints 316.1.5, 705.1.6, 705.1.8-9, 705.3.1, 705.3.3

Slip joints, traps 705.3.1, 1003.2

Slope see Grade

Softener 610.2

Soil pipe 221.0, 311.2, 311.4, 311.6, 704.4.1,

704.4.3, 705.1.9, 722.2, 1002.4

Soil porosity Appendix K

Soil stack, minimum size 703.0

Solder, bushings and ferrules 316.1.2, 701.4.2,

Tables 7-1 & 7-2

Solder fluxes 316.1.3

Solder joints 212.0, 316.1.2-3, 316.2.1, 316.3.1,

606.2.1,705.3.4
Spacing:

Gas risers or meters 1209.2, 1211.5

Pipe supports 314.1, 314.7, Table 3-1

Special fixtures 406.0, 406.3

Special joints 316.2.1

Special waste pipe see Industrial Waste

Special wastes:

Acid and chemical 811.0

Definition 221.0

High temperatures 810.1, Table 8-1

Laundries, bottling works, wash racks 702.0, 711.0,

1012.0, 1013.0

Specific gravity, natural gas 1216.1

Specifications for materials Chapter 3, Table 14-1

Stack .221.0, 311.4, 705.3.2, 711.0, 904.0, 906.1, 907.0

Standards for materials Chapter 3, Table 14-1

Standpipe, clothes washer 804.1

Steam exhaust condenser or blow off 810.0, Table 8-1

Sterile equipment .806.0

Storage tanks:

Gravity 607.0

Hot water 506.2

Storm drain, definition '. 221.0

Storm sewer, definition 221.0

Strainers .404.1, 410.1

S-trap prohibited 1004.0

Street main; see Water main 225.0, 610.7, Table 6-5

Structural condition safety 313.11

Studding and joists, cutting of 313.2

Sub-drain, shower stalls 411.8

Submittal of plans 101.3, 103.2.1.4, 103.3.1, 103.4.2-3

Subsoil drain, definition 221.0

Substitute materials 301.2

Subsurface disposal field Appendix K

Suds relief ^ .711.0

Sump:

Boiler room, installation 810.1, 810.3

Building, backwater devices 710.2

457

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Building drainage systems below sewer level .... 710.2

Condensers 810.0, Table 8-1

Construction 810.2

Definition 221.0

Pump cormection permitted 710.2-3, 710.9, 805.0,

Table 7-4
Pump discharges, conversion to fixture units . . . 710.4,

Table 7-4

Sewage 710.0

Vent 710.7, 710.10, 810.1, Table 8-1

Supply:

Control valves, water 605.0

Fittings, fixtures 407.8

Fixture, defirution 208.0

Hot water . . -. 601.3, 602.1, 604.1

Non-potable water 603.4.11

Pipe, size of 610.0, Table 6-5

Potable water, protection .603.0, 603.2.5

Tank, water 607.0, 608.1, 608.3

Trap, seal 1004.0, 1005.0, 1007.0

Water, quality of, source of 601.1

Supports and hangers .221.0, 314.0,Table 3-2, 510.10.10, 609.1

906.4, 1211.2.6, Table 12-3

Surface water, discharge 307.2, 714.2, 811.1

Surrounding material, urinals 407.4-5

Sweatjoints 316.1.3, 316.2.1

System:

Combination waste and vent . . . .■ 205.0, 910.0

Defective, testing of 103.5.5.1

Drainage 206.0, 712.0

Durham, defirution 206.0

Gas piping, size of 1216.0, 1217.0

Independent 312.0

Interconnection of gas piping 1211.11, 1211.12

Plumbing, definition 218.0

Vent 224.0, 712.0

Water supply 225.0, 609.0, 712.0

-T-
Tailpiece:

Connection 807.2, 910.5-6

Maximum length of 910.5

Tanks:

Automatic flushing, urinals 410.2

Boiler blow off; see Condensers

and Sumps 810.1, Table 8-1

Flush 208.0, 403.0, 407.4, 410.2, 601.1, 603.3.8,

Table 7-3

Gravity supply 607.0

Hot water storage - 608.3, 608.6

Inlet to 603.4.2, 603.4.5, 710.9, 810.1

Liquefied petroleum 1203.5, 1213.0, 1217.4

Material 710.8, 810.2

Primary settling 902.1

Septic see Septic Tank

Water closet 403.0, 405.1, 601.1, 603.4.2-3

Water supply 602.1, 607.0, 608.1, 608.3

Water supply, overflow 603.4.2, 607.0, 805.0

Temperature-limiting devices 505.5

Temperature-relief valves 505.5, 505.6

Temporary use of gas 1208.0

Termination of vents 510.6.2, 906.1

Tests:

Advance notice for 103.5.4.1

Air 103.5.3.3, 103.5.3.5, 1214.1.7

Alternate materials, methods 301.2.1

Building sewer 101.4.1.1.2, 103.5.1.3-4, 723.0

Concealing of work prohibited

before inspection 103.5.1.1, 103.5.1.3-4, 1204.0

Exceptions 103.5.3.3, 12044

Final 103.5.6.3, 712.1, 1204.3.2

Labor and material for 103.5.4.2, 1204.2

Percolation Appendix K

Required 103.5.3

Responsibility for : 103.5.4.2

Sanitary plumbing 103.5.5.1

Shower receptors 411.8.1

Testing agency 301.2.1, 610.2

Waived 103.5.3.2

Water supply system 103.5.1.1, 103.5.3.3, 610.2

Threaded joints 316.1.1, 316.2.1, 705.2.3

Threaded fittings 311.2, 316.1.1, 316.2.1, 705.2.3

Thread lubricants 316.1.1, 1209.5.7(d)

Three-compartment sinks 1001.2

Toilets:

Connections 316.4.2

Prohibited type 405.1

Trap 222.0, 1003.0

Arm 222.0, 1002.2-3, Tables 7-3, & 10-1

Drum 1004.0

Exceptions for 1001.2-3, 1002.3

Floor drain 1003.1, 1006.0, 1007.0

For sumps, condensers 810.1

For three-compartment sinks or three lavatories 1001.2

From fixture, distance of 1001.4

From vent, distance of 704.2, 1002.2, Table 10-1

Grease 209.0, 1014.0, Tables 1-1, 7-3, & 10-2

Ground metal joints 705.3.3

Horizontal distance from vent 704.2, 1002.2, Table 10-1

Indirect connection required 801.0

Industrial interceptors and separators 1009.0

Integral 1001.0

Material of 103.1.2.1, 301.1.1-2, 807.3, 1003.1

Minimum size 702.0, 1003.3, Tables 7-3 & 7-5

Prohibited types 1004.0

Protection 603.3.8, 1002.1-2

Required 1001.0

Seal 222.0, 1005.0, 1007.0

Separate for each fixture 1001.1

Size 1003.3, Table 10-1

Slip joints in 705.3.1, 1003.2

Union joint in water seal 316.2.2, 1003.2

Unit loading 702.0, Table 7-5

Vents for 103.1.2.1, 810.1, 901.0, 905.2, 905.5,

908.1, 909.0,910.5, 1002.0, Tables 7-5 & 10-1

Vent not required for 902.0

Water seal 1005.0

Weir 905.5, 1001.4, 1002.2, 10024

Vyhere required 1001.0

Trenching, excavation, and backfilling . . . 315.0, 718.0, 720.0

Trough urinals, prohibited 405.2

Tubing, copper 316.1.3, 316.2.1, 604.1^, 604.7, 606.1.1, 606.2.1,

609.3.2, 701.1.4, 705.3.3

Tubing, gas connectors 1212.1, 1212.3

Tiirmeling 315.2

-U-

Unconfined space, definition 223.0

Underground:

Copper tubing 604.2, 701.1.4

Dosing tanks Appendix K

Drainage material 316.2.2, 701.0

Gas piping 1211.1

458

INDEX

Vent material 316.2.2, 701.1.4, 903.1.1, 903

Water pipes 609.0, 720.0

Uruons:

Couplings, in gas piping 1211.0

In vents 316.2.2

Joint in seal of trap 1003.2

Where allowed 316.2.2, 1211.3.2(4)

Unit, fixture 208.0, 610.3, 702.0, Tables 6-5 to 6-7 & 7-3

Unit loading of traps 702.0

Unlawful connections 602.0

Unsanitary, definition 223.0

Urinals .316.3.1, 402.3, 403.0, 405.1, 407.6, 409.0, 601.1,

707.4(1), 1003.1, Tables 7-3 & 7-5

Use of alternate material 301.2

Use, private, definition 218.0

Vacuum breaker ..... 224.0, 409.1, 603.2, Tables 1-1, 6-2, 6-3

Vacuum relief valve, definition 224.0

Validity of code 103.7.1, 103.8

Valves 311.7, 605.0

Backwater 710.0

Check 603.2.4, Table 6-2

Flush, definition 208.Q

Flushometer 410.2-3, 610.10, Table 6-7

For drainage 710.4

For water 605.0

Hose outlet protection 603.3.8

Required 605.0, 1211.9

Temperature and pressure relief 608.0

Vent or vent pipe:

Below trap weir 905.5, 1002.4

Branch, definition 204.0

Changes in direction of 903.4

Chemical 811.2, 811.5-6

Combination waste system design 205.0, 910.0,

Appendix B

Common vent 205.0, 908.3

Connections 311.2, 805.0, 905.1, Table 8-1

Connectors 510.10

Continuous, definition 205.0

Distance of trap from 1002.2, Table 10-1

Double fitting for 704.2, 905.0

Drain and waste Table 7-3, Chapter 7

Fittings Table 7-5

Fixtures, back-to-back 704.2, 905.6

Flagpoling, prohibited 906.3

Flashing for 313.8, 906.1, 906.5

Grade of 905.1, 905.3

Height above fixture 905.3, 909.0

Height above ground 510.8.3

Horizontal Table 7-5, 904.2, 905.3

Indirect waste 801.1-2, 803.0, 805.0, 810.1, 902.0

Individual, definition 211.0

Interceptors 902.1, 1009.0

Island sinks and fixtures 909.0

Length of Table 7-5, 904.0

Material for 811.2, 903.0

Method of installation 311.5, 903.0, 906.4

Minimum size in each building Table 7-5, 904.0

Not required 803.0, 902.0

Not to be used as soil or waste pipe 311.4

Opening location 905.5, 1002.4

Parallel, connection ; 907.1

Pipe, grade and connection 905.1, 905.3

Prohibited location of 903.1.1-2, 903.3

Receptors 811.2

Relief 220.0, 805.0, 907.0, 1009.4

Required 710.0, 901.0, 904.1

Required separately on every trap 901.0, 902.1,

1002.1-2

Sizing Table 7-3, 710.0, 904.0, 905.4, 908.0, 910.4

Special 909.0

Stack 224.0, 311.4, 906.1, 907.0

Steam, exhaust 810.0

Sump 710.7, 710.10, 810.1, Table 8-1

System, definition '. 224.0

Ten stories or more . . . . , 907.1

Termination 510.6.2, 906.0

Undiininished through roof 905.4, 907.1

Unit loading Table 7-5

Vertical wet see Wet Vent

Wet see Wet Vent

Yoke : 227.0, 907.0

Vent connector 510.10

Vent or vent flue 502.0

Vertical pipe: 224.0, 703.0, 704.2, 905.6, 908.2, 910.5

Unit loading length-drainage piping Table 7-5

Piping, support of Table 3-2

Vertical-to-horizontal drainage fittings . . 706.4, 905.2-3, 909.0

Vertical wet venting see Wet Vent

Violation, notices of 103.5.6.1

Vitrified clay 701.1.3, 705.2.1, 811.2

-W-

Wall, extension through 313.1

Wall-himg fixtures, installation of . . 316.3.3, 407.1-2, 407.4-6

Wall-himg water closets, definition 225.0

Wall, recess or channel in 313.2

Wash racks, auto 1011.0

Waste Chapter 7

Chemical laboratory, photographic 811.0

Cooling water 801.0, 808.0

Combination 205.0, 901.0, Appendix B

Continuous 205.0, 404.3-4, Table 7-3

Detrimental or harmful 306.1, 307.0, 811.1, 1009.1

Food, disposal unit see Food waste disposal unit

Indirect 211.0, Table 7-3, Chapter 8, 902.0

Industrial . . . .211.0, 307.0, 811.1, 903.2.3, 1001.3, 1009.0,

1010.0, 1014.0, 1015.0
Liquid . . .214.0, 303.0, 304.0, 710.2, 811.1, 1006.0, 1009.1

Pipe, definition 218.0

Buildings over 10 stories '. 907.1

For refrigerators Table 7-3, 801.2

Indirect 211.0, 801.0, 805.0

Accessibility , 804.1

Airbreak 801.0

Airgap for 801.0, 806.0

Installation of 313.6, Table 4-1, 802.0,

803.0, 810.0

Material of, inside building 701.0

Number of fixtures allowed on Table 7-5

Size of Tables 7-3 & 7-5

Pretreatment required 811.1

Receptor, prohibited location 804.1

Special, definition 221.0

Stack, definition 221.0

Water:

Additions to existing work 101.5.1, 610.13(2),(3)

Building supply 604.1, 609.5, 610.0, Table 6-5

Conditioning 225.0, 603.0, 611.4, 610.2

Distributing pipe, definition 225.0

Distribution system Chapter 6

459

UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

Filter 610.2

Hammer arrester, defmition 225.0

Main, definition 225.0

Non-potable lines 603.4.11, 610.13(6)

Piping:

Grounding 604.8

In sewer trench 315.4, 609.2, 720.0

Installation of 603.3.8, 604.8, 609.0, 720.0

Material 604.0

Sizing 610.0, Tables 6-4 & 6-5

Test 103.5.3

Potable . . .218.0, 316.1.3, 501.0, 602.0-603.0, 604.5,
604.7, 604.10, 607.0, 608.2, 610.1-2, 610.13(7)
Pressure:

Excessive 608.2-6

Inadequate 608.1

Loss 610.0

Regulators and relief valves 608.2-6

Private supply 602.4, Table 6-4

Prohibited materials 604.10

Protection of potable 603.0

Required 601.1, 610.3

Service, size 610.0, Table 6-5

Softener 610.2

Supply:

Cross-connectors 601.1, 602.3, 603.0

Flushometer valves see Flushometer valves

To fixhires 610.0, Tables 6-4 & 6-5

System, definition 225.0

Supply tank 603.4.2, 607.0

Temperature-limiting device 505.5, 506.2

Test 103.5, 610.2

Unlawful:

Connections 602.0

Devices 602.3

Valves, control 605.0

Water closets 316.3.1, 401.1, 403.0, 405.1, 407.0,

601.1, 603.4.1-3, 610.3, 910.7, Tables 6-5 & 7-3
Water heaters:

Access 509.3, 509.4

Clearances 505.3

Combustion air for 507.0

Definition 502.15

Gas 508.0, 1203.2

Oil-burning and other 506.0

Pressure-relief valve 608.3-6

Prohibited location , 505.1 . .

Protection .508.0

Waterproofing:

Fixture setting 316.3.1, 408.0

Flashings 313.8, 906.5

Openings 313.8

Water-sealed traps see Traps

Water softener 610.2

Water test:

Building sewers 103.5

Plumbing, drainage and vent system 103.5, 712.0

Water treatment device see Water Conditioning

Weep holes, sub-drain of shower stalls 411.8

Weight of flashing, lead 701.3

Weights and quality of materials .... Chapter 3, 604.0, 906.6

Welded lead joints 705.1.3

Welder, pipe, definition 225.0

Welding or brazing joints 316.1.7, 705.1.3

Well, distance from sewage disposal 721.1, Table 1-7

Wet vent 225.0, 316.2.2, 908.0, 910.6

Whirlpool bathtub, definition ....... 225.0

Window, termination of vents from 906.2

Wiped joints .316.1.2, 705.2.4

Wooden sinks and laundry trays 405.3

Work, concealed 103.5.1-3, 504.2, 1204.3.1-2,

Work, existing .101.4-5, 207.0

Work, exposed, where required ... 103.5.1-4, 504.2,

1204.3.1-2,1211.3

Workmanship .310.0, 609.1

Wrapping of pipe .313.1,609.3.1

Wrought iron (galvanized) .... .316.1.2, 604.6,604.8, 701.1.1

705.2.3-4,707.1,903.1

Wye connections 404.4, 706.0, 707.6-7, 710.4, 719.4,

907.2,909.0

-X- .■
X-ray darkrooms 811.8

-Y- ■ ■■ ,
Yard piping, gas 1211.0

-Z-

Zinc alloy die cast components , 406.4

460

Errata for
2006 Uniform Plumbing Code - 8th Printing

The following is a list of changes that we found after the eighth printing of the 2006 Uniform Plumbing Code.
These changes may or may not apply to your code book. However, we do encourage you to check your
code book with this list to ensure that all the changes are updated. Thank you.

Appendix A

Charts A-4

through A-7: The X and Y values for Charts A-4 through A-7 were revised to reflect the

correct conversion formula.

Chapter 5

Section 510.2.5 The reference to Section 510.8(3) has been changed to correctly refer to
Section 510.8.3

Chapter 6

Table 6-3 In the fixtures column, the conversion for % inch has been revised to read

19 mm.

06/25/08

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR
SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Appendix A

Chart A-4

Copper Tubing
Smooth Pipe

Type M

Type L

Type K

ai 0.2 0.3 0,4 0.5 0.6 0.B 1 Z 3 4 5 6 8 10 20 30 40 50 60 60 100

Friction Loss in Head. In Lbs. per Square-Inch per 100-Foot Length

319

Appendix A

2007 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

Chart A-4 (Metric)

630.0
S04.0

37S.0
31S.0

252.0
1B9.0

126-0

Copper Tubing
Smooth Pipe

Type M

Type L

Type K

63.0

S0.4

378

31.5

26.2

18.9
12B

T3

C

o

o
o

d3

Q.

8.3

'3

5.0

c

3.a

3.2

%

LL

2.5

1.9

Friction Loss in Head, In KfioPascals per 100 Meters Length

320

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR
SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Appendix A

Chart A-5

Fairly
Smooth

0.1 Q£ 0.3 QA 0^0^ D.e 1 2 3 4 S 6 S 10 20 30 40 GO 60 80 100

Friction Loss In Head, In Lbs. per Square-Inch per 100- Foot Length

321

Appendix A

2007 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

Chart A-5 (Metric)

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0.06

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-- -^ •-CM

SD oj o csi r% ^

OT •- n

Friction Loss in IHead, In KiloPascals per 100 Meters Length

322

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR
SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Appendix A

Chart A-6

1

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Friction Loss in Head, In Lbs. per Square- Inch per 100- Foot Length

323

Appendix A

2007 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

Chart A-6 (Metric)

Fairly
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(A en -- P)

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Friction Loss in Head, In KiioPascais per 100 Meters Length

324

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR
SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Appendix A

Chart A-7

Rough

0.2 0.3 0,4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1

4 5 6 a 10

20 30 40 50 60 eo 100

Friction Loss in Head, In Lbs. per Square- Inch per 100- Foot Length

325

Appendix A

2007 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

^^_

Chart A-7 (Metric)

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Friction Loss in l-lead, in KiioPascais per 100 Meters Lengtii

326

Errata for
2006 Uniform Plumbing Code - 7th Printing

The following is a list of changes that we found after the seventh printing of the 2006 Uniform Plumbing
Code. These changes may or may not apply to your code book. However, we do encourage you to check
your code book with this list to ensure that all the changes are updated. Thank you.

Chapter 4

Table 4-1: [TIA UPC-023-06] The first sentence of the second paragraph at the top of

Table 4-1, "The total occupant load shall be determined by minimum existing
requirements" has been deleted as the result of a TIA.

Chapter 5

Section 507.4.1: The reference to Figures 5-8 through 5-1 1 has been deleted to correlate with
NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code.

Chapter 12

Section 121 1.1 6(A) The reference to Section 1211.13 has been changed to correctly refer to
Section 1211.14.

IS 9

Tablet

The example at the bottom of Table 1 for the "Lowest temperature expected"
contains misplaced fraction lines.

IS 20

Table:

The A symbol in the tables on pages 394 - 395 were inadvertently changed

to0.

06/16/08

Errata for
2006 Uniform Plumbing Code - 5th Printing

The following is a list of changes that we found after the fifth printing of the 2006 Uniform Plumbing Code.
These changes may or may not apply to your code book. However, we do encourage you to check your
code book with this list to ensure that all the changes are updated. Thank you.

Chapter 5
Section 502.9:

The extract number reads: [NFPA 54: 3.3.105.2.2]. Revise the extract
number to read: [NFPA 54: 3.3.103.2.2]

Section 502.10:

Section 502.12:

The extract number reads: [NFPA 54: 3.3.105.2.4]. Revise the extract
number to read: [NFPA 54: 3.3.103.2.4]

The extract number reads: [NFPA 54: 3.3.105]. Revise the extract number to
read: [NFPA 54: 3.3.1 03]

Section 502.13:

The extract number reads: [NFPA 54: 3.3.106]. Revise the extract number to
read: [NFPA 54: 3.3.104]

Section 502.14:

The extract number reads: [NFPA 54: 3.3.98.7]. Revise the extract number to
read: [NFPA 54: 3.3.96.6]

Section 507.3(1): This paragraph references Figure 5-12. Revise: [See Figure 5-12] to read:
[See Figure 5-7]

Section 507.4.1: The end of this paragraph references Figure 5-7. Revise: [See Figure 5-7] to
read: [See Figures 5-8 through 5-11].

Section 510.6.2(1): The extract number reads: [NFPA 54: -/ 0.6.2(1 )(a)]. Revise the extract
number to read: [NFPA 54: 12.7.2{^){a)]

Section 510.6.3:

This paragraph references NFPA 54, Chapter 3. Revise reference to read:
NFPA 54, Chapter 13.

Section 511.2: The title references Tables 5-7 through 5-22. Revise the table references to
read: Table 5-8 through 5-22.

Table 5-20:

The note at the bottom of this table references Figure G.2.4. Revise this
reference to read: Figure 5-13.

Chapter 5. Annex G

G.1.2, Solution: The first line of the solution for G.I. 2 (pg 89) references Table 5-10. Revise
this reference to read: Table 5-9

G.I. 3, Example 3: Revise this paragraph to match the contents of its extract as stated in 2006
NFPA 54:

G.1.3. Example 3: Interpolating Between Table Values. An installer has an 80,000 Btu/h input
appliance with a 4-inch diameter draft hood outlet that needs to be vented into a 12-foot high
Type B vent . The vent connector has a 5-foot lateral length and is also Type B. Can this
appliance be vented using a 4-inch diameter vent?

Table G.2.3: The inside liner dimension for a 20x20 incli nominal liner size reads "16-

1/2x^6-3/4." Revise the inside liner dimension to read: 16-3/4x16-3/4

The equivalent area for a nominal liner size of 20x24 inches having an inside

diameter of 22 inches currently reads: 308.1 (in/
area to read: 380.1.

Revise the equivalent

The equivalent area for a nominal liner size of 24x24 inches having an inside
diameter of 22.1 inches currently reads: 308.1 (in.^). Revise the equivalent
area to read: 380.1.

The 30x30 inch nominal liner size has a second inside diameter equal to 30.0
inches with an equivalent area equal to 706.8 square inches. Revise the
table to display the additional inside diameter and equivalent area.

G.2.2, Solution:

(First paragraph, pg 92) This paragraph references Section 511.2.-/8. Revise
this reference to read: Section 5^^.1.1(5).

G.2.3, Ex. 5(b): (Masonry Chimney, Paragraph 2) The first line of this paragraph references
Section 511.2.4. Revise this reference to read: Section 5^^.1.9.

G.2.4, Ex. 5(c): (Solution, first paragraph, pg 93) The first line references 13.2.18. Revise
reference to read 511.2.18. Line 3 of this paragraph instructs the use of
Table 5-21(a) and Table 5-21(b). Revise the tables to read: Table 5-21 and
Table 5-22.

(Solution, second paragraph) Line 2 of this paragraph instructs the use of
Table 5-21(a) and Table 5-21(b). Revise the tables to read: Table 5-21 and
Table 5-22.

(Chimney Liner Requirement, paragraph 1) Line 2 of this paragraph
references Table 5-21 (a). Revise this reference to read: Table 5-21. Line 7 of
this paragraph references Table 5-21(b). Revise this reference to read: Table
5-22.

(Chimney Liner Diameter) Line 9 of this paragraph references 13.2.^9.
Revise this reference to read: 5^7.2.19.

Chapter 13

Section 1318.11(2): Table 5.1.11 should read NFPA 99; Table 5.1.11.

Installation Standards. IS 2

Image:

The image on page 331 (Approved Corners Under Uniform Plumbing Code)
has an overlapping duplicate title. Revise this image to clarify the title.

Installation Standards. IS 11

2.7.2:
2.7.2.1

Revise this section number to read 2.7.5.
Revise this section number to read 2.7.5.1

10.02.07

Errata for
2006 Uniform Plumbing Code

2"^ printing Soft Cover & 1'* Printing Loose Leaf

The following is a list of changes that we found after the second printing of the 2006 Uniform Plumbing
Code. These changes may or may not apply to your code book. However, we do encourage you to check
your code book with this list to ensure that all changes are updated. Thank you.

Page vi Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA): Please add Section 507.8 to the list. It should read,
"Section 507.8- This Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) was issued on December 7, 2005."

Chapter 5

Section 507.8 Louvers Grilles and Screens: Remove the bar on the left and replace it with TIA.

The section should now look like the following:

TIA 507.8 Louvers Grilles and Screens.

^'"^ (A) Louvers and Grilles. The required size of

TIA

TIA

openings for combustion, ventilation, and

Chapter 6

Section 604.3: The correct ASTM reference should read ASTM B88 Seamless Copper Water

Tube as listed in Table 14-1.

Section 603.2.5 Pressure Vacuum Breaker Backflow Prevention Assembly (DC): The last

sentence of the paragraph should read, "This device shall be installed indoors only if provisions

for spillage are provided."

Chapter 10

Section 1003.2: The paragraph should read, "No more than one (1) approved slip joint fitting may
be used on the outlet side of a trap, and no tubing trap shall be installed without a listed tubing
trap adapter. Listed plastic trap adapters may be used to connect listed metal tubing traps.

Chapter 12

Section 1209.5.4.2: Revise Reference ASTM D2513 to read ASTM F1 973.

Section 1211.6 Gas Pipe Turns: Revise this section to read, "Changes in direction of gas pipe

shall be made by the use of fittings or factory bends. [NFPA 54:7.5]

Section 1214.2.5: Revise paragraph to read, "Where the piping system is connected... such

appliances and equipment shall be isolated from the piping system by closing the individual

appliance equipment shutoff valves."

Section 1214.5.3 Test for Leakage: Delete "tested" and replace it with "checked". The

paragraph should now read, "...the piping system shall be checked ior leakage."

Table 12-32 Schedule 40 Metallic Pipe:

The Inlet Pressure and Pressure Drop should be 11.0 in w.c. and 0.5 in w.c. respectively.