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REY1MOT  nQ  h^TORIC/    : 
GENEALOGY   COLLECTION 


\ 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  1833  01742  4448 


GENEALOGY 
974.2 
G7659 
1922 
JUL -DEC 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2013 


http://archive.org/details/granitemonthlymav54p2conc 


The 


Granite   Monthly 


Neiv  Hampshire  State  Magazine 


VOLUME   LIV. 

1922 


PUBLISHERS 

HARLAN  C.  PEARSON 

JANUARY-SEPTEMBER 

THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY  COMPANY 

FROM     OCTOBER 
CONCORD,  NEW   HAMPSHIRE 


;   -; 


]  h    '  H  imp  ihire 


•V  69887$ 


^fe.#izti 


IN  r       .:  ISSUE: 


THE  DANIEL  WEBSTER  HIGHWAY 


HARLAN  C.  PEARSON,  Pi&Ushei 
CONCORD,  K.  H. 


Entered  at  the  post-office  J  Concord,  N.  H,  as  second-class  mail  1 


£A3-Aai( 


i  . 


i        .....       ,.  ,...^-*iv*  -J.!.-.-.-  -.-..  -■•..■   •-»--'.'i-:~-   ..'  StaetiJSi&^s^itois 


Daniel  Webster 
The   Pope   Portrait,   presented    to   Dartmouth    College   by    Edward   Tuck. 

(Kindness    of    the     Dartmouth     Alumni     Monthly.) 


<^e25T 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Vol.   LIV 


JULY,   1922 


No.  7. 


THE  DANIEL  WEBSTER  HIGHWAY 


In  the  city  of  Nashua,  on  the  boun- 
dary line  between  New  Hampshire 
and  Massachusetts,  there  were  dedi- 
cated with  appropriate  ceremonies, 
on  Tuesday,  May  16,  1922,  two  gran- 
ite monuments,  bearing  bronze  tablets 
which  tell  the  world  that  there  he- 
gins  the   Daniel    Webster    Highway. 

Notable  addresses  were  delivered 
by  Judge  Charles  R.  Corning  of  Con- 
cord, the  orator  of  the  day,  Governor 
Albert  O.  Brown,  representing  the 
State  of  New  Hampshire,  and  State 
Highway  Commissioner  John  X.  Cole 
of  Massachusetts,  representing  that 
state  in  the  regretted  absence  of  Gov- 
ernor Channing  H.  Cox,  New  Hamp- 
shire native.  Former  State  Senator 
William  F.  Sullivan  of  Nashua  acted 
as  master  of  ceremonies  for  the  oc- 
casion, plans  for  which  were  made 
bv  Hon.  George  L.  Sadler  of  the 
Executive  Cou  icil,  with  the  assistance 
of  the  Nashua  Rotary  Club.  Mayor 
Henri  A.  Burque  gave  an  address  of 
welcome  and  Nashua  people  general- 
ly manifested  their  interest  in  the 
event  by  participating  in  an  imposing 
automobile  parade. 

The  address  of  Governor  Brown 
was  as   follows : 

"Mr.  President,  Ladies  and  Gentle- 
men: As  with  appropriate  exercises 
we  dedicate  the.  monuments  the  state 
has  set  up  to  mark  the  beginning, 
within  New  Hampshire,  of  the  great 
highway  to  which,  by  legislative  enact- 
ment, she  has  assigned  the  name  of 
her  foremost  son.  it  may  be  well 
briefly  to  recall  the  events  which  have 
led  up  to  this  celebration. 

"The  New  Hampshire  Bar  associa- 
tion at  its  annual  meeting  in  1920 
passed  a   resolution  presented   by  the 


Honorable  Edgar  Aid  rich  which  re- 
quested its  president  to  appoint  a 
committee  of  15  to  make  known  the 
fact  that  it  was  the  sense  of  the  as- 
sociation that  as  a  tribute  to  a  son  of 
New  Hampshire— and  to  the  most  fa- 
mous expounder  of  the  Federal  Con- 
stitution—one of  the  main  boulevards 
from  the  Massachusetts  line  to  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  state,  or  as 
far  northerly  as  might  be  deemed 
most  appropriate,  should  be  statutor- 
ially  designated  and  properly  marked 
as    the   Daniel   Webster   Highway. 

"In  pursuance  of  this  resolution  a 
committee  was  created,  with  Judge 
Aid-rich  at  its  head.  A  letter  from  the 
committee  to  the  governor  was  trans- 
mitted to  the  Legislature  for  consid- 
eration. Thereupon  a  statute  was  en- 
acted which  provides  that  the  great 
New  Hampshire  highway  beginning  at 
the  Massachusetts  boundary  and  run- 
ning northerly  through  many  cities 
and  towns  to  Colebrook  be  given  the 
name    of    Daniel    Webster    Highway. 

"Soon  after  this  enactment,  The 
John  Swenson  Granite  company  of 
Concord  proceeded,  in  accordance  with 
an  offer  previously  made,  to  quarry, 
cut  and  donate  to  the  state  the  two 
beautiful  markers  of  Xew  Hampshire 
granite,  which,  with  the  highway  it- 
self, afford  the  occasion  of  our  com- 
ing  together. 

"The  bronze  tablets  were  cast  by 
William  Flighton  and  Sons  company 
of  Nashua.  The  foundations  were 
laid  and  the  monuments  placed  in 
position  by  the  Highway  Department 
of  the  state  government. 

"The  state  can  pay  no  higher  tribute 
to  her  most  illustrious  son  than  to 
name  for  him  her  greatest  avenue  of 


226 


GRANITE  MONTHLY 


travel.  Over  it  he  journeyed,  for  many  Hampshire  and  gave  to  her  such 
years  between  his  home  in  Massa-  noble  features.  It  is  nature,  the 
chusetts  and  his  home  in  New  Hanap-  painter,  that,  in  the  course  of  each  re- 
shire.  He  always  admired  it  as  he  volving  year,  illuminates  those  tea- 
went,  and  well  he  might.  tures  with  all  the  colors  of  the  rain- 
"It   lies   in   the   broad   basin     of      the  how. 

Merrimack;    it     follows    the    indented  "Over   this      road,   in   wagons     and 

shores  of   the   lakes;   it   winds   in   and  in    sleighs,   once   went     the   commerce 

out   among   the    foothills;      it   ascends  of  the  north.       Then  it     sought     the 

the  steep  valley  of  the  Pemigewassct ;  river    and    the    rail.      Now,    with    the 

it   threads   the    Franconia      notch;      it  improvement     of   the   road   bed     and 


passes  close  to  the  Flume,  the  Pool, 
the  Old  Man  of  the  Mountain,  Echo 
Lake  and  the  giants  of  the  Presi- 
dential Range ;  it  crosses  the  rich  in- 
tervales of  the  Connecticut,  and  is 
lost  among  the  green  hills  of  Ver- 
mont. In  short,  for  nearly  two  hun- 
dred miles  within  our  borders,  it 
traverses  a  region  of  unequaled  and 
magnificent  beauty.  It  was  nature, 
the   sculptor,     that      fashioned     New 


the  advent     of   trucks,     it   is   coming 
back   again. 

"It  will  doubtless  remain  and 
increase.  Flere  will  pass  at  least 
the  local  traffic  of  the  future. 
Over  this  road,  too,  during  each 
vacation  season,  there  will  come, 
as  there  does  at  present,  a  multi- 
tude of  people  from  every  section 
of  our  own  country  as  well  as 
every   quarter   of    the   globe.       It      is 


THE  DANIEL  WEBSTER  HIGHWAY 


11/ 


assuredly      fitting      that      the       state  no  similar,  evidence   of   another   habi- 

shoukl      dedicate      this      great      high-  ration  between    it    and   the  settlements 

way,    now   properly      designated      and  on    the    rivers   of    Canada.        He    was 

suitably      marked,    to      the      memory  graduated    [rem    the    law  department 

of      him    whom"  she    gave      to      the  of  the   University  oi    Michigan  at   20 

country    to    be    its    foremost      lawyer,  and  later  received  the  honorary  degree 

orator   and    statesman.  of    Doctor   of    Laws    from    that    insti- 

"This    occasion    should    not    be    al-  tution    as   well    as     from    Dartmouth 

lowed  to  pass  without  some  tribute  to  college.     To  him  belonged  the  unique 

the   distinguished    jurist    who    so    ear-  distinction    of    admission    to    the    bar 


nestly  sought  the  legislation  that  lias 
resulted  in  these  exercises.  He  was 
horn  in  the  northernmost  town  in  the 
state  and  within  a  few  miles  of  the 
line  established  by  that  capital  achieve- 
ment in  diplomacy,  the  Webster- Ash- 
burton  treaty,  lie  could  say  of  his 
father's  house,  substantially  in  the 
language  of  the  great  statesman  he 
desired  to  honor,  that  when  the  smoke 
first  rose  from  its  rude  chimney  and 
curled  over  the  frozen  hills  there  was 


before  the  constitutional  age  of  21. 

"For  nearly  25  years  he  practiced 
his  profession  with  conspicuous  suc- 
cess. For  30  years  he  graced  the 
bench  of  the  Federal  Court  for  the 
District  of  New  Hampshire,  devoting 
most  of  his  time,  however,  to  the  work 
of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court  of 
Appeals  in  Boston.  It  is  safe  to  say 
that  no  judge  ever  administered  the 
affairs  of  the  court  for  this  district 
with  greater   tact,   dignity  and  ability 


28 


GRANITE  MONTHLY 


than  did  Edgar  Atdrich.  And  when 
upon  a  recent  date  his  death  was  an- 
nounced, it  was  universally  felt  that 
a  capable  lawyer,  a  competent  judge 
and  a  public  spirited  citizen  had  been 
called  to  his  reward." 


The   oration   by   Judge   Charles    R. 

Corning,  President  o\  the  New 
Hampshire  Historical  Society,  was 
as  follows : 


r 


I 


Nearly    seventy    years    have    passed 
since    the    burial    at     Marshfield.   vet 


criticism     continues     to     take 


lil 


with  his  memory,  biographers  are  not 
of  one  mind,  and  even  historians  find 
the  scales  difficult  to  adjust.  His 
character  has  been  summoned  before 
the  judgment  seat  of  the  anti  slavery 
period  and  a  verdict  rendered  fol- 
lowed by  criticism  as  bitter  as  it  is 
persistent.        To   many   of   us   all   this 


n\ 


Governor  Albert  G.  Brown 
It  is  a  pleasure  and  an  honor  to  be      is  explained 


asked  to  speak  of  Daniel  Webster  at 
any  time  but  it  is  a  peculiar  gratifica- 
tion to  speak  of  him  on  an  occasion 
like  this.  Moreover,  this  is  a  repre- 
sentative gathering  of  New  Hampshire 
citizens  which  Mr.  Webster  so 
loved  and  welcomed.  Some  of  his 
most    felicitous    remarks    were    made 


at  gatherings  of  th 


:ind. 


when  we  consider  that 
at  the  time  of  the  Seventh  of  March 
speech  in  1850,  the  public  mind  of  the 
North  had  ceased  to  regard  slavery 
as  an  economic  question,  and  looked 
upon  it  as  a  great  moral  issue.  Web- 
ster's death  two  years  later  had  no 
effect  on  partisan  rancor;  his  was 
an  ever  open  grave. 

At  a  memorial  meeting  in  Concord 


THE  DANIEL  WEBSTER  HIGHWAY 


2?Q 


assembled  in  the  Representatives' 
Hall  on  Monday,  the  day  after  his 
death,  Franklin  Pierce  then  in  nomi- 
nation for  the  Presidency,  uttered 
these  impressive  sentiments:  "iio;v  do 
merely  earthly  honors  and  distinc- 
tions fade  amid  a  gloom  like  this! 
How  political  asperities  are  chast- 
ened— what  a  lesson  to  the  Hying! 
What  an  adnxmi.tion  to  personal 
malevolence,   now   awed   and   subdued, 


Franklin  Pierce  and  yet  Daniel  Web- 
ster lives.  He  lives  in  our  imagina- 
tion and  we  sons  of  New  Hampshire 
cherish  his  memory  and  love  to"  re- 
call his  great  career  with  its  splendid 
achievements.  My  purpose  today  is 
not  to  speak  of  Mr.  Webster  as  a 
public  or  professional  man  but  as  a 
nature  lover.  lie  frequently  re- 
marked that  he  ought  to  have  been  a 
naturalist  and  written  a  work  desciib- 


Bfe:     -       -       ■'-..    tffl 


The  late  Judge  Edgar  Aldkich. 


as  the  great  heart  of  the  nation  throbs 
heavily  at  the  portals  of  his  grave." 
Alas,  these  words  spoken  by  a  life- 
long political  opponent,  sweetened 
with  an  appeal  for  Christian  charity, 
fell  upon  the  unforgiving  and  caused 
the  flame  of  passion  to  glow  and 
sparkle. 

More    than   two    generations    have 
gone     since     the     eloquent     words  of 


ing  the  varied  scenery  of  New  Hamp- 
shire and  the  awful  majesty  of  the 
ocean.  His  love  of  nature  attended 
hirn  through  life  and  no  visitor  was 
more  welcome  than  Mr.  Audubon, 
the  ornithologist.  Consequently  the 
Daniel  Webster  Highway  impresses 
us  as  a  singularly  appropriate  name 
to  bestow  on  this  picturesque  thor- 
oughfare. Through  those  granite  por- 


230 


GRANITE  MONTHLY 


tals  shall  pass  countless  thousands 
during  the  years  to  come  eager  to 
behold  the  gentle  valley  of  the  Merri- 
mack, the  rising  foot  hills  beyond 
comely  Kearsarge,  the  serene  and 
manifold  charms  of  Sunapec,  of 
Squam  ami  of  Winnipesaulcee  on- 
ward to  the  eternal  White  Mills 
which  Webster  knew  so  well  and 
loved    so    dearly. 

Our  State  always  found  a  warm 
and  earnest  eulogist  in  Mr.  Web- 
ster, he  missed  no  occasion  to  de- 
scribe New  Hampshire,  to  tell  her 
history     and      recall      her      legends. 


Judge   Charles   R.   Corning. 

Speaking  as  the  presiding  officer  at 
the  famous  festival  of  the  Sons  of 
New  Hampshire  held  in  Boston  in 
1849,  he  painted  this  picture  of  our 
little  state — "We  value  it  for  what 
Nature  has  conferred  upon  it,  and 
for  what  her  hardy  sons  have  done 
for  themselves.  We  have  not  for- 
gotten that  its  scenery  is  beautiful; 
that  its  skies  are  all  healthful;  that 
its  mountains  and  lakes  are  sur- 
passingly grand  and  sublime.  If 
there  be  anything  on  this  conti- 
nent, the  work  of  Nature,  in  hills, 
and    lakes,   and     seas,    and    woods, 


and  forests,  strong! y  attracting  the 
admiration  of  all  those  who  love 
natural  scenery,  it  is  to  be  found  in 
our  mountain  State  of  New  Hamp- 
shire." "It  happened  to  me  lately 
to  visit  the  northern  parts  of  the 
state.  It  was  Autumn.  The  trees 
of  the  forests,  by  the  discoloration 
of  the  leaves,  presented  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  spectacles  that  the 
human  eye  can  rest  upon.  But  the 
low  and  deep  murmur  of  those 
forests,  the  fogs  and  mists,  rising 
and  spreading,  and  -  clasping  the 
breasts  of  the  mountains,  whose 
heads  were  still  high  and  bright  in 
the  skies, — all  these  indicated  that 
a  wintry  storm  was  on  the  wing; 
the  spirit  of  tempests  would  speak. 
But  even  this  was  exciting ;  ex- 
citing to  those  of  us  who  had  been 
witnesses  before  of  such  stern  fore- 
bodings, and  exciting  in  itself  as 
an  exhibition  of  the  grandeur  of 
natural  scenery.  For  my  part,  I 
felt  the  truth  of  that  sentiment. 
applied  elsewhere  and  on  another 
occasion,  that 

"The    loud    torrent    and    the    whirlwind's 
roar. 

But    hound    me    to    my    native    mountains 
more." 

Daniel  Webster  was  born  in 
Salisbury,  now  a  part  of  Franklin, 
January  8,  1782,  where  his  birth- 
place is  preserved  and  cared  for, 
situated  but  a  short  distance  from 
the  highway  bearing  his  name.  In 
an  address  at  Saratoga  in  1840,  he 
has  this  to  say  of  that  spot.  "It  did 
not  happen  to  me  to  be  born  in  a 
log  cabin;  but  my  elder  brothers 
and  sisters  were  born  in  a  log  cab- 
in, raised  amid  the  snow  drifts  of 
New  Hampshire,  at  a  period  so 
early  that,  when  the  smoke  first 
rose  from  its  rude  chimney,  and 
curled  over  the  frozen  hills,  there 
was  no  similar  evidence  of  a  white 
man's  habitation  between  it  and 
the  settlements  on  the  rivers  of 
Canada,     Its  remains   still  exist,     I 


THE  DANIEL;  -WEBSTERM-IIGHWAY 


231 


make    it    an    annua!    visit."      When  date     always     appealed    strongly  I  to 

Daniel   was  a  child   his    father,   moved  his  sentiments     and     affection     and 

to  the  farm   three  miles  to  the    Fast  there    he      spent    many      happy      and 

known  for  many  years  as  the  Elms-,  carefree,  days   year    alter   year,    his 

and  -  in     our    day    as     (lie    Webster  last    visit    being*  a    few    weeks    before 

Place  .    now  ;    owned      by      the   New  his  death.      Horace  did  not  love  Iris 

Hampshire    Orphans'    Home.    There  Sabine  farm  more  passionately,  than 

Webster    grew    to    youth  and  amid  Daniel    Webster  -loved   his   paternal 

the    ;  invigorating       and    .  inspiring  acres    at     Franklin.      .  Perhaps    Mr; 

great   •  out-of-doors    which     created  Webster,    idealized      Ins  -  possessions 

an  '.admiration,  and    love    that    grew  as   this   letter    to   his    friend    Blatch- 

sironger      with      advancing      years.  ford  ■  might  suggest.  -...Here    it    is  ;  v 


nrKJ   run 


Councilor  George  L.  Sadler, 


-The;    Merrimack     was    only     a    levy  ;        .Elms    Farm,    October  23,    1850, 

yards;away  and  the  foot  hills  of  the  Tuesday   morning:  before   sunrise..; 
.White- -Mountains     were.    in...  plain  My   dear.   Sir-—       ^  Haw   -  : 

yiew<        Tne        Pemigewasset        "the  ■::.■■'.  ,,:  .,  ; ."  ;     ,.  ..,.? 

;beau-ideal    of   a    mountain     stream,  \.   This  castle  has  a  pleasant  seat;  the 

void,  .noisy  and    -winding'',     as  Weir-  air   kindly   and   sweetly      recommends 

Ster.. called     it,   a   mile   or     two     dis-  itself  unto  our  gentle  senses — j 

tant  never  lost  its  charm  to  the. boy  ,...„,         .V ,      .  "      .  ,.       ,       .    TM, 

-      .1J^>y  -■     ■>■■•■">•?  'throw    physic '-to    tne:   dogs-:    111    none 

:or;the  man.,  •■;  -        t  ...  ;  f    .   :       ,,.j  . , .  of  ■  it ;  • "  Fri  •r.°l\       .,    .! 

,;  Jijms  Farm,  which. came  into  Mr.  Nor   rh,lbard>i  .^eiinav    nor.  a     purgative 

'Webster's  ..possession  ■;  _at    an      early  . .,  drug/'.    i:i  ,.;;    r;    i;  }jm  ,  ,v 


232 


GRANITE  MONTHLY 


But  Dunsinane  was  a  poor,  fog- 
:gy,  sickly  spot,  compared  with 
Elms  Farm  ;  nor  did  Scotland  ever 
sec  such  a  forest  prospect  as  the 
sun  at  this  moment  begins  to  shine 
upon.  The  row  of  Maples,  by  the 
side   of   mv    field,     for   half   a     mile, 


reatton  was  to  see  a  man  in  farming 
clothes,  a  white  slouched  hat,  car- 
rying a  stout  stick,  looking  like  a 
stalwart  drover  or  a  well  to  do 
farmer.  And  yet,  the  impressive 
presence  of  the  man  arrested  one's 
attention,     instinctively     suggesting 


ws    like    a    broad    line    of   bur-      that   lie   was   typical    of   the     scenery 


sho 

nished  y;o\d  ;  and  the  hill-side,  west 
of  the  house,  displays  every  possi- 
ble variety  of  tint,  from  the  deep- 
est and  darkest  evergreen  to  the 
brightest  orange.  In  half  an  hour 
I  shall  be  ascending  some  of  the 
bills.  It  seems  to  me  the  finest 
morning     I        ever     saw.  "Chips" 

enough  ;  and,  by  the  looks  of  John 
Taylor's  larder,  we  can  "laugh  a 
siege  to  scorn." 

John  Taylor  was  head  farmer  at 
the  Elms,  a  friend  and  companion, 
between  whom  and  Mr.  Webster  a 
tender  and  confidential  intimacy 
always     subsisted.  His     familiar 

letters  to  Taylor  about  planting, 
harvesting  and  cattle  and  sheep, 
filled  with  practical  suggestions 
and  embellished  with  pertinent 
quotations  from  Virgil  show  the 
great  man  at  his  best.  Horses  and 
dogs  Mr.  Webster  never  particular- 
ly cared  about  but  big  and  sleek 
cattle  found  in  him  a  passionate 
lover.  On  the  Elms  Farm  a  hun- 
dred head  of  those  creatures  grazed 
silently  under  the  eyes  of  their  de- 
voted master.  The  neighborhood, 
its  legends  and  its  inhabitants  were 
dear  and-  interesting  to  him,  he 
loved  to  talk  with  the  farmers  and 
their  wives,  he  gained  strength,  by 
his  walks  along  the  old  paths  and 
hilly  highways.  A  fisherman  all 
his  days  from  Punch  brook  with 
its  trout  to  Marshfiekl  with  its  cod, 
he  took  a  lively  delight  in  the  placid 
water  of  Lake  Como,  as  he  called 
the  picturesque  body  which  we 
recognize  in  our  day  as  Webster 
Lake,  some  three  miles  from  the 
Elms.  There  he  kept  a  boat  for 
himself,  and  his  angling  friends. 
To  meet  him  in  those  davs  of  rec- 


surrounding     him.  In      a     letter 

written  in  1845  Daniel  Webster  has 
this  to  say  about  his  New  Hamp- 
shire home. 

"This  is  a  very  picturesque  coun- 
try. Idie  hills  are  high,  numerous 
and  irregular — some  with  wooded 
summits,  and  some  with  rocky 
heads  as  white  as  snow.  I  went 
into  a  pasture  of  mine  last  week, 
lying  high  upon  one  of  the  hills,  and 
had  there  a  clean  view  of  the  White 
Mountains  in  the  northeast,  and  of 
Ascutney,  in  Vermont,  back  of 
Windsor,  in  the  west;  while  with- 
in these  extreme  points  was  a  visi- 
ble scene  of  mountains  and  dales, 
lakes  .and  streams,  farms  and  for- 
ests. I  really  think  this  region  is 
the  true  Switzerland  of  the  Limited 
States."  Whether  or  not  that  ref- 
erence to  Switzerland  originated 
with  Air.  Webster,  I  am  unable  to 
say,  but  it  has  always  appeared  to 
be  an  exuberant  expression  scenic- 
ally  delusive  when  we  consider  that 
New  Hampshire  possesses  no  Alps 
and  Switzerland  has  no  sea  coast. 
We  cannot  picture  this  sincere  and 
devoted  worshipper  of  Nature  and 
its  majestic  mysteries  without  as- 
sociating him  with  another  spot 
he  dearly  loved  and  constantly 
longed  for,  Marshtield.  And  in  this 
connection  1  am  certain  that  I  ex- 
press the  lively  hope  of  all  people 
of  our  .state  that  the  Daniel  Web- 
ster Highway,  beginning  at  the 
last  home  of  Webster  may  wend 
its  way  across  the  old  Common- 
wealth to  these  granite  posts, 
thence  along  the  serene  river  val- 
ley to  the  birth  place  and  then 
northward  to  the  unchanging  peaks. 

"Marshheld  and  the  sea,  the  sea," 


THE  DANIEL  WEBSTER  HIGHWAY 


213 


was    his    only   home    during' 
twenty   years   of    his    life, 
there  that  he  -entertained  hi: 
and   indulged 


ir 


the   last 
It    was 

friends 
the  pleasures  and 
perils  of  the  gentleman-fanner. 
To  breed  fine  oxen  was  his  pas- 
sion, he  gloried  in  their  sturdy  pa- 
tience and  power  and  in  his  last 
hours    we    see   the   dying   man 


e< 


at    liie    window 

mmm 


teastiiu-r    hi: 


seat- 
fad- 


the  limitless  sea,  amid  brown 
marshes  and  sand-dunes,  where  the 
sense  of  infinite  space  is  strong- 
est.:" "I  take  to  myself  the  wings 
of  the  morning.''  he  used  to  ex- 
claim when  oppressed  with  public 
labors  and  his  thoughts  [flew  to 
Marshneld,    for    there     he    said    he 


grew    stronger    every 
giants 


hour. 
fain  by 


"The 
touch- 


i  a 


■~. ..- .  ■ ,. . 


11  ox.  William  F.  Sullivan. 


ing  eyes  on  the  sleek  herd  driven 
slowly  by  for  his  inspection.  In 
the  words  of  Senator  Lodge :  "He 
loved  everything  that  was  large. 
His  soul  expanded  in  the  free  air 
and  beneath  the  blue  sky.  All  nat- 
ural scenery  appealed  to  him. — 
Niagara,  the  mountains,  the  roll- 
ing prairie,  the  great  rivers — but  he 
found      most     contentment      beside 


ing  the  earth;  the  same  effect  is  pro- 
duced on  me  by  touching  the  salt 
Seashore." 

In  these  days  of  costly  construc- 
tion and  expensive  maintaining  of 
our  state  roads  suitable  for  the  trav- 
el thereon,  as  the  legal  phrase  has 
it,  let  us  think  back  a  hundred 
years  more  or  less  and  try  to  pict- 
ure   the     means     of    communication 


234                                        ,         GRANITE  MONTHLY  .; 

during  the.  greater  part  of  Web-  good  roads.  It  appears  that  along 
ster's  lite.  It  is  interesting  to  re-  in  the  eighteen.; 'twenties  Mr.  Web- 
call  that,  the  .-railroad  from  Nashua  ster  was  an  owner  of- a  domain  con- 
to  Goncdrd'i!  was;  built  only  ten  sisting  qf  wild  lands.. :sonie\vhere  in 
years  before  Wfebsters  death.  We  the  region  we  in  our  day  know  as 
know  from-  his.  letters  and  speeches  Dixville ■  Notch.  But  a  century  ago 
to  what  -extent  'Mr.  Webster  trav-  a  landed  proprietor  in  that  remote 
elled  up  and  down  the  highways  part  of  New  Hampshire  was  an  ob- 
and  turnpikes  of  his  day  and  we  ject  of  commiseration  rather  than 
know  from  these  sources  what  he  of  envy  and  Daniel  Webster  was  no 
thought  about  good  roads.  I  veil-  exception.  During  the  longest  day 
ture  to  say  that  "Daniel Webster ~  '  irr  midsummer '""  TS29™  Mr.  Whitte- 
was  one  of  the  first  men.  if  not  the  more  at  Dixville  wrote  to  Webster 
first,  to  foresee  and  predict  the  eco-  at  Boston  a  description  of  the  local 
nomic  and  gratifying  results  of  a  situation.  "The  inhabitants  of  this 
good  highway.  His  imagination  saw  town,"  he  says,  "are  now  reduced  to 
the  possibilities  of  the  future  while  two.  The  roads  are  so  bad  there 
his  all  embracing  comprehension  is  little  travel.  Last  year  the 
pictured  the  Republic  as  an  ever  bridges  were  alt  carried  off,  and  two 
growing  interlacement  of  high-  large  slides  came  down  in  the 
ways,  canals  and  railroads.  Web-  Notch.  We  did  seventy  days  work 
ster  had  long  turned  his  fiftieth  on  the  road  before  teams  could 
birthday  before  transportation  by  pass."  And  then  is  added  a  direct 
steam  became  a  common  experience  appeal  for  aid.  "I  am  no  beggar 
even  in  New  ;  Hampshire.  And  all  I  ask  is  justice  among  men. 
from  his  early  years  Ire  was  a  not  Your  lamented  brother  told  me  that 
infrequent  traveler  over  the  rough  Daniel  would  be  willing  to  lay  out 
and  toilsome  country  roads.  Here  a  hundred  or  two  dollars  on  the 
is  an  incident  interesting  to  modern  road,  if  that  would  satisfy  me,  but 
Nashua.  Mrs.  Ezekiel  Webster,  at  that  you  considered  such  sum  only 
that    time    a    visitor    here,    received  as    an   entering   wedge    for   a   larger 

this  note  dated  at  Boston,  June   14,      sum    you    can    guess    pretty 

1831.     "***** jt    js    our    intention    to  near  what  men   say,  when   they  get 

set    off   on    Thursday      morning      for  their     horses   off      the      Notch,   and 

Boscawen,   by   way  of   Nashua  Vil-  have   them    lay   in   the   gulf   two   or 

lage.     Weather      being      favorable,  three  days,  which  has  several  times 

we  may  be  expected   Thursday  after-  been  the  case.      Now,  sir,  if  you  will 

noon  at  Nashua  and  shall  be  happy  assist    in    repairing    the    road,    you 

to   have   you   go' north    with   us.     I  will  let  me  know  how  and  when." 

am  under     the  necessity  of  being     at  Mr.    Whittemore   signs   his   letter 

Concord,  at  nooir  on  Friday  ;  so  that  as    'your    long    neglected    and    hum- 

I  shall  be  obliged  to  put  you  to  the  ble  servant.'     What  effect  that  had 

distress   of  an    early   rising  on   that  on   Mr.  Webster's  sense   of  respon- 

day."                     '    .  sible  proprietorship  is  not  disclosed 

The   time   enumeration      may    seem  among    his-   correspondence.        But 

curious  to  us  motor     car     enthusiasts  we    possess    proof   that   good    roads 

but  we  should  bear  in  mind  that  in  was   a   subject   of   frequent   thought 

trie' year    1831,    methods      of      public  and  consideration,  to   him   all  His   life 

travel  had  not  changed  much  since  long,',,'".    *   '  -    '1,/,'.  T^.,. 

the  Golden  Age,  of  Rome.  7~'ih   my     collection^  is!  a   letter     to 

The  incident  I  shall  now  mention  Israel;  KelKv  written1  April    16,    1835. 

affords  .interest  ./and     miid     amuse-  apprising    him    of    a    visit    to    his    old 

merit    "concerning     the     subject   of  home:  "I   intend  to  go  to  'Franklin 


THE  DANIEL  WEBSTER  HIGHWAY 


235 


soon,  but  am  willing  to  delay  for  a 
little  while,  in  hopes  of  better 
Weather  and  better  roads." 

In  August  1847,  the  Northern 
Railroad  was  completed  as  far  as 
Grafton,  where  a  celebration  was 
held  bringing  together  a  large  num- 
ber of  persons,  tor  it  was  under- 
stood that  Mr.  Webster  would  be 
present.  In  that  informal  address 
he  recalled  his  early  associations 
with  the  surrounding  country,  its 
localities  and  its  inhabitants  and 
furnished  us  with  an  account  of 
the  early  conditions  as  he  had 
known  them  in  his  youth.  No 
where  in  all  his  Works  and  Letters 
is  there  anything  more  historical  in 
incident  or  more  appropriate  to  be 
repeated  on  this  occasion.  Listen 
to  what  Mr.  Webster  had  to  say 
about  himself  and  his  experiences 
during  the  early  years  of  the  last 
century. 

"In  my  youth  and  early  manhood 
I  have  traversed  these  mountains 
along  all  the  roads  or  passes  which 
lead  through  or  over  them.  We 
are  on  Smith's  River,  which,  while, 
in  College,  1  had  occasion  to  swim. 
Even  that  could  not  always  be 
done;  and  I  have  occasionally  made 
a  circuit  of  many  rough  and  tedious 
miles  to  get  over  it.  At  that  day, 
steam,  as  a  motive  power,  acting 
on  water  and  land,  was  thought 
of  by  nobody  ;  nor  were  there  good, 
practicable  roads  in  this  part  of  the 
State.  At  that  day,  one  must  have 
traversed  this  wilderness  on  horse- 
back or  on  foot.  So  late  as  when 
I  left  College,  there  was  no  road 
from  river  to  river  for  a  carriage 
fit  for  the  conveyance  of  persons. 
I  well  recollect  the  commencement 
of  the  system  of  turnpike  roads. 
The  granting  of  the  Charter  of  the 
fourth  turnpike,  which  led  from 
Lebanon  to  Rosea  wen,  was  regard- 
ed as  a  wonderful  era.  I  remember 
to  have  attended  the  first  meeting 
of  the  proprietors  of  this  turnpike 
at  Andover.     It  was  difficult  to  per- 


suade men  that  it  was  possible  to 
have  a  passable  carriage  road  over 
these  mountains.  I  was  too  young 
and  too  poor  to  be  a  subscriber, 
but  I  held  the  proxies  of  several  ab- 
sent subscribers,  and  what  I  lacked 
in  knowledge  and  experience  1 
made  up  in  zeal.  As  far  as  I  now 
remember,  my  first  speech  after  I 
left  College  was  in  favor  of  what 
was  then  regarded  as  a  great  and 
almost  impracticable  internal  im- 
provement, to  wit,  the  making  of 
a  smooth,  though  hilly  road,  from 
the  Connecticut  River  opposite  the 
mouth  of  the  White  River,  to  the 
Merrimack  River  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Contoocook.  Perhaps  the  most 
valuable  result  of  making  these  and 
other  turnpike  roads  was  the  diffu- 
sion of  knowledge  upon  road-mak- 
ing among  people;  for  in  a  few 
years  afterward,  great  numbers  of 
people  went  to  Church,  to  elector- 
al and  other  meetings,  in  chaises 
and  wagons,  over  very  tolerable 
roads."  Toward  the  close  of  that 
impromptu  speech  Mr.  Webster  in- 
troduced a  touch  of  humor.  "Fel- 
low citizens\  can  we  without  won- 
der consider  where  we  are.  and 
what  has  brought  us  here?  Sever 
al  of  this  company  left  Boston  and 
Salem  this  morning.  They  passed 
the  Kearsarge  on  the  left,  the  Rag- 
ged Mountains  on  the  right,  have 
threaded  all  the  valleys  and  gorges 
and  here  they  now  are  at  two 
o'clock  at  the  foot  of  the  Cardigan 
Hills.  They  probably  went  to  the 
market  this  morning,  ordered  their 
dinners,  went  home  to  a  leisurely 
breakfast,  and  set  out  on  their 
journey  hither.  By  the  way,  if 
they  had  thought  fit,  (and  it  would 
have  been  a  happy  thought)  thev 
might  have  brought  us  a  few  fish 
taken  out  of  ttlie  sea  at  sunrise 
this  morning,  and  we  might  enjoy 
as  good  a  fish  dinner  as  our  friends 
are  now  enjoying  at  Phillips's 
Beach  or  Nahant.  This  would  have 
been  rather  striking;  a  chowder  at 


236 


GRANITE  MONTHLY 


the  foot  of  the  Cardigan  Hills 
would  have  been  a  thing  to  be 
talked  about." 

And  so  during-  his  life  Daniel 
Webster  availed  himself  of  fitting 
opportunities  to  express  his  love  of 
New  Hampshire  and  his  apprecia- 
tion of  its  serene  and  rugged 
scenery. 

To  a  man  with  an  imagination  so 
strong  and  vivid  the  opening  of  the 
railroad  with  the  immense  possi- 
bilities awaiting  its  extension 
moved  him  profoundly  and  caused 
him  to  look  into  trie  future  with 
prophetic  vision.  His  mind  com- 
prehended the  whole  Republic.  I 
do  not  venture  to  say  that  the  rail- 
road inspired  him  with  awe  but  its 
swiftness  of  communication  as  com- 
pared with  the  methods  of  his 
youth  and  middle  age  never  ceased 
to  impress  him.  In  a  note  written 
front  Elms  Farm  a  year  or  two  be- 
fore has  death  we  detect  this 
thought.  He  writes:  "I  am  here 
in  two  hours  and  three-quarters 
from  Boston,  ninety-two  miles, 
without  fatigue,  and  feeling  pretty 
strong."  In  a  little  note  contain- 
ing fewer  than  fifty  words,  his  love 
of  Nature  and  homely  comforts  are 
delightfully  disclosed.  "The  weather 
cold — a  little  cloudy — heavy  frost  yes- 
terday morning.  The  foliage  in- 
describably beautiful.  John  Taylor 
straight  up.  Henry  and  I  his  only 
guests,  and  three  glorious  chip-fires 
already  burning.  Can  you  resist  that?" 

Sydney  Fisher,  one  of  the  fairest 
of  biographers,  says  that  Webster's 
mind  and  memory  evidently  worked 
entirely  by  the  picture  method.  His 
knowledge  was  all  pictured  concrete- 
ly in  actual  scenes,  usually  from  na- 
ture. One  sees  this  constantly  in 
reading  his  speeches.  He  seems  to 
be  walking  among  these  scenes  and 
fields  of  his  memory  and  picking  up 
the  information  which  he  describes 
from  its   locality. 

Nature  in  every  form  appealed  and 
spoke  to  Mr.  Webster  all  his  life  long 


and  the  writing  of  a  book  on  the  sub- 
ject of  Natural  History  was  never 
wholly  absent  from  his  mind.  What 
the  result  would  have  been  it  is  idle 
to  discuss,  yet  where  was  there  a  man 
better  equipped  by  observation  and 
love  of  Nature  than  Daniel  Webster? 

One  more  quotation  and  1  am  done. 
Surely  a  man  who  in  a  letter  to  a 
friend  describes  one  of  the  most  sub- 
lime spectacles  in  the  pageantry  of 
Nature  as  Webster  described  Ni- 
agara Falls  removes  our  doubts  con- 
cerning his  competency  as  an  author. 
Nearly  a  century  ago  Mr.  Webster, 
with  Judge  Story,  visited  Niagara 
and  this  is  Mr.  Webster's  picture 
painting. 

"Water,  vapor,  foam,  and  the  at- 
mosphere are  all  mixed  up  in  sub- 
lime confusion.  By  our  side,  down 
comes  this  world  of  green  and  white 
waters,  and  pours  into  the  invisible 
abyss.  A  steady,  unvarying,  low 
toned  roar  thunders  incessantly  upon 
our  ears ;  as  we  look  up,  we  think 
some  sudden  disaster  has  opened  the 
seas,  and  that  all  their  floods  are 
coming  down  upon  us  at  once ;  but  we 
soon  recollect  that  what  we  see  is 
not  a  sudden  or  violent  exhibition, 
but  the  permanent  and  uniform  char- 
acter of  the  object  which  we  contem- 
plate. There  the  grand  spectacle  lias 
stood  for  centuries,  from  the  crea- 
tion even,  as  far  as  we  know,  with- 
out change.  From  the  beginning  it 
has  shaken,  as  it  now  does,  the  earth 
and  the  air ;  and  its  unvarying  thun- 
der existed  before  there  were  human 
ears  to  hear  it." 

The  likeness  which  I  have  tried  to 
present  to  you  is  of  the  man  Webster, 
who  interpreted  the  meaning  of  the 
sun,  the  moon,  the  stars,  the  restless 
ocean,  the  valleys,  the  hills,  and  the 
mountains,  the  brooks  and  rivers,  the 
lakes  here  and  everywhere,  whose 
wonderful  mind  loved  to  contemplate 
the  homely  life  of  our  ancestors  and 
to  invest  their  annals  and  legends 
with  a  living  reality.  I  have  spoken 
of   Webster  as  one  of   us;   not  as   a 


THE  DANIEL  WEBSTER  HIGHWAY  237 

giant    genius    apart      but    as    a      New  not  a  meaning-less  name,  and  may  we 

Hampshire    man    whose    great    nature  not   hope  that   Divine  Providence  per- 

overflowed    with    love    for    his    native  mils    Webster's    spirit    to    look    clown 

State.     And  so  may  we  not  all  agree  moon  us  to-day  with  benign  approval. 
thai   the   Daniel   Webster   Highway   is 


LODESTARS. 

By  Fanny  Rminclls  Poole. 

she 
Here  where  the  Sea  glows  like  an  amber  wine, 
Here  let  us  rest,  your  head  upon  my  knee  ; 
Here  where  your  eyes  more   softly-radiant  shine, 
As   if    for    love   of   me. 

Because  so  great  a   love   hath   made  you   wise, 

Perchance  you  know  the  secret  of  the  Sea,- — • 
Some  mystery   that   in  her  bosom   lies, 
Which   pray  reveal   to  me! 

HE 

Greater  than   Love  no  mystery  abides; 

But  would  you  brave  the  deep  beyond  the  bar. 
Fix  not  your   faith  upon  the  changing  tides. 
But   on    your   guiding  'star. 

Each  heart  must  bear  the  joy  and  pain  of  life; 

Heaven   grant   us   power   to   wrestle   with   the   tides, 
And   faith,   above   the   peril   and   the   strife, 
To  find  the  star  that  guides 

And   if  my   whole   heart  hath   gone   forth   full   fain 

To    twin-lights    in    one   angel-woman's    brow, 
Guidance  that  should  be  Heaven's,  do  I  in  vain 
Entreat  such  guidance  now  ? 

she 

Forgive    me,   Love,   that   I   have   been   too   proud 

To  own  myself  the  recompense  you  prize. 
And   as   to   lodestars,   though   a   myriad    crowd, 
Mine  loner  have  been  vour  eves. 


•  • 


<23tf 


PRE-REVOLUTIONARY  LIFE  AND  THOUGHT 
IN  A  WESTERN  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  TOWN. 

By   George  B.    UpJiam. 


IV. 

A  report  made  in  1771  by  the  So- 
ciety's Missionaries  in  Massa- 
chu setts  and  New  Hampshire  gives 
us  an  outside  glimpse  of  (he  paro- 
chial school  in  Claremont.  It  is  to 
the  effect  that  "Mr.  Cole's  School, 
lately  established  by  the  Society  at 
Claremont,  answers  their  expecta- 
tion. Tie  has  near  30  constant 
Scholars,  besides  some  children  of 
Dissenters/' (1) 

Of  the  next  letter  of  the  School- 
master wc  have  only  the  brief  ab- 
stract in  the  Journal,  Vol.  19,  p. 
245. 

Meeting 15  May,    1772 

A  Letter  from  Mr.  Cole,  Schoolmas- 
ter at  Claremont,  N.  Hampshire,  N.  E. 
dated  Nov'r  4,  1771  acquainting  the  So- 
ciet}7  that  there  has  been  an  addition  to 
his  school  from  the  Dissenters  and  the 
whole    number   is    now   forty. 

In  teaching'  forty  children,  if  he 
had  nothing  else  to  do,  our  aged 
schoolmaster  must  have  been  ex- 
ceeding busy;  but  Samuel  Cole, 
Esquire  was  farmer  as  well  as 
schoolmaster.  This  we  learn  from 
private  marks  of  owners  of  cattle, 
sheep  and  swine,  recorded  in  the 
Town  Clerk's  office  in  1771.  The 
"Salary  of  il5  per  aim."  had  ap- 
parently proved  insufficient  to  keep 
body  and  soul  together. 

The  day's  work  in  chili  Decem- 
ber began  long  before  the  light  of 
day,  by  a  candle's  struggling  rays 
emitted  through  holes  punched  in 
a  sheet-iron  cylinder,  for  such  was 
the    lantern    of    the      period.       The 

(1)  See    Historical    Magazine    (Morrisania,    N. 
clergymen   of  the  Church  of   Bngland   at   that   time, 
Browne   of   Portsmouth    and    the    Rev.    Moses    Badg 
Province. 

(2)  The  name  Dartmouth  College,  in  honor 
given  in  the  charter  grafted  by  Gov.  John  Wentv 
December  13ih,  1709.  But  as  "Dr.  Wheelock's  S> 
a   considerable    time    thereafter. 


early  work  done  in  this  precarious 
light  was  the  feeding  and  care  of 
domestic  animals.  Then  after 
shovelling  paths,  carrying  and  pil- 
ing the  day's  supply  of  wood  by 
the  home  hearthstone,  and  a  hasty 
breakfast  in  the  kitchen,  came  the 
hurried  tramp  to  the  schoolhouse. 
There,  with  perhaps  the  aid  of  an 
older  boy,  more  wood  to  be  carried 
and  piled  and  the  lire  started  in  the 
great  stone  fireplace  against  the  com- 
ing of  the  children.  Then,  maybe,  a 
path  to  be  shovelled  through  the  drift- 
ed  snow. 

The  children  come  in  groups  of 
twos  and  threes  or  more,  with  per- 
haps a  frosted  ear  requiring  immedi- 
ate attention.  The  little  tots,  with 
their  well  thumbed  primers,  place  their 
low  three-legged  stools  nearest  the 
fire.  The  long  plank  benches  are 
drawn  up  and  quickly  filled  behind. 
Furthest  from  the  fire,  and  where 
little  of  its  friendly  warmth  reaches 
him,  the  kindly  old  schoomaster  reads 
the  morning  prayer,  hears  and  ex- 
plains answers  in  the  Catechism ;  and 
then  three  hours  of  earnest  work 
broken  only  by  a  short  recess.  Faint 
hearts  struggling  with  the  alphabet 
and  words  of  one  syllable  are  to  be 
encouraged ;  those  in  various  stages 
of  the  three  R's,  to  be  helped  along; 
the  spelling  classes  for  the  older  boys 
and  girls  excite  interest  and  emula- 
tion ;  and  then,  perhaps,  comes  the 
teaching  of  a  little  Latin,  Greek  and 
mathematics  to  an  older  boy,  ambi- 
tious to  enter  "Dr.  Wheelock's  School 
at    Hanover."' 3)        In    the     afternoon 

Y.)  Vol.  VII,  Second  Series,  p.  3.">8.  The  only 
1771,  in  New  Hampshire  were  the  Rev.  Arthur 
■r,    Itinerant    Missionary    of    the    Society    in    this 

of  Us  benefactor  Lord  Dartmouth,  had  been 
orth,  a'-ting  in  the  name  oft  George  the  Third, 
hool    at    Hanover"    it    was    known    to    many    for 


PRE-REVOLUTIONA&Y  LIFE  AND  THOUGHT 


m 


three  hours  more,  much  the  same, 
ending  with  the  singing  class  trying 
some  old  Christmas  Carols,  anticipa- 
tory of  that  festal  day  and  Christ- 
mas Eve  with  its  evergreens  and 
many  candles.  As  the  children  leave 
for  home  the  childish  trebles  of  the 
carol  continue  sounding  'neath  na- 
tures beautiful  cathedral,  the  tall, 
columnar,  snow-laden  pines.  But  the 
farmer-schoolmaster's  labors  are  far 
from  finished,  for  all  the  home  chores 
of  the  morning  must  be  repeated  be- 
fore the  old  man's  day's-work  is  done. 
The  abstract  of  the  next  letter  to 
the  Society  is  short.  (Journal,  Vol. 
20,  p.  96).  Some  information  may, 
however,  be  gathered  by  reading  be- 
tween  the    lines. 

Meeting IS    March    1774 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Cole,  Schoolmaster 
at  Claremont,  New  Hampshire.  May  26, 
1773  in  which  he  writes  that  the  people 
are  impatient  for  the  return  of  Mr. 
Cossit  and  have  marie  good  progress  in 
the  building  of  their  Church.  The 
town  increases.  There  are  in  it  78 
Ratables.  in  which  is  included  23  Con- 
formists. Some  famlies  border  in  prin- 
ciple upon  the  Seventh  Day  Baptists. 
The  Dissenting  Gentleman's  Letters  and 
Dclauns  Plea,  are  industriously  spread 
by  the  Dissenters  notwithstanding  which 
the  Church  of  England  encreases. 

The  Mr.  Cossit  mentioned  is  the 
Rev.  Raima  Cossit  who  had  been  ap- 
pointed by  the  Society  to  the  parishes 
of  the  Church  of  England  at  Haver- 
hill and  Claremont.  He  was  at  the 
date  of  this  letter  at  his  home  in 
Connecticut,  or,  perhaps,  still  on  the 
long  voyage '  back  from  England 
where  he  had  been  ordained  by  the 
Bishop  of  London.  The  words,, ."im- 
patient for  the  return  of  Mr.  Cossit," 
indicate  that  he  had  been  in  Clare- 
mont before,  which  seems  not  unlike- 
ly for  his  brother,  Ambrose  .  Cossit, 
was   one  of   the   early   settlers. 

The  statement  in  this  letter  of  May 

26,    1773  that  "the  people '. 

have  made  ^ood  progress  in  the  build- 
ing of  their  Church"  indicates  that 
probably  it  was  begun     in  1772;     for 


the  difficulty  of  carrying  on  building 
operations  in  the  winter,  especially 
digging  for  foundations,  and  the  al- 
most impassable  condition  of  the 
roads  in  the  spring,  render  it  unlike- 
ly that  much  progress  could  have 
been  made  in  the  latter  days  of 
Mav,  if  the  work  had  been  begun  in 
1773. 

"Ratable"  is  a  term  still  used  in 
England  to  designate  a  person  hav- 
ing property  sufficient  to  be  assessed 
for    taxes. 

The  "Seventh  Day  Baptists"  are 
distinguished  from  other  Baptists 
mainly  by  the  observance  of  the 
seventh  day  of  the  week. — Saturday, 
as  their  day  of  worship,  instead  of 
Sunday.  They  have  the  words  of 
the  fourth  commandment  to  back 
them,  and  probably  use  the  argument 
that  Sunday,  (the  Sun's  day,)  was 
originally  the  title  of  a  pagan  holiday ; 
an  argument  somewhat  weakened  by 
the  fact  that  the  names  of  the  six 
other  days  are  also  of  pagan  origin. 
The  Puritans  of  the  Bay  Colony,  un- 
der the  leadership  of  the  Rev.  John 
Cotton,  got  over  this  difficulty  by  a 
compromise,  making  their  holy  day 
from  Saturday  evening  to  Sunday 
evening. 

"The  Dissenting  Gentleman's 
Letters,"  referred  to  as  "industrious- 
ly spread."  is  in  full  title  "The  Dis- 
senting Gentleman's  Letters  and  a 
Postscript  in  Answer  to  Mr.  J.  White 
on  that  Subject,"  signed  "A.  Dissen- 
ter," but  known  to  have  been  written 
by  one  Micaiah  Towgood.  This 
book  was  published  in  numerous  edi- 
tions in  London,  and  in  several  in 
New  England.  The  "Letters", — and 
those  to  which  they  reply, — are  typi- 
cal of  the  dreary,  yet  pungent,  con- 
troversies that  theologians  of  the 
eighteenth  century  indulged  and  de- 
lighted in.  Almost  unintelligible  to- 
day, their  sole  interest  is  in  showing 
the  indigestible  nature  of  the  intel- 
lectual pabulum  our  forefathers  were 
expected  to  study  and  assimilate. 


240 


GRANITE  MONTHLY 


"De  Latino's  Flea,"  also  "industri- 
ously -spread,"  was  likewise  contro- 
versial. The  full  title  is  "A  PLEA 
for  the  Non-Conformists;  Shewing 
The  true  State  of  Their  CASE." 
"By  Thomas  De  Laune."  The  first 
edition  was  published  in  1683.  It 
was  reprinted  at  least  six  times  he- 
fore  the  vigorous  Preface  written  for 
the  edition  of  1706  was  added.  This 
was  contained  in  all  of  the  many  sub- 
sequent edit  ions  in  England  and 
America.  Much  of  the  argument  of 
the  "Plea"  is  so  confused  that  it  is 
impossible  to  follow  it.  We  are, 
however,  left  in  no  doubt  that  the 
Reverend  author  disagreed  with 
somebody  about   something. 

It  may  be  suspected  that  the  Pre- 
face, written  by  Daniel  Defoe,  author 
of  "Robinson  Crusoe,"  and  the  added 
"Narrative  of  the  Sufferings"  of 
De  Laune  in  prison,  were  of  far  more 
effect  than  the  'Plea"  itself.  Defoe, 
himself  an  active  dissenter,  here  be- 
labors the  established  church  in  lucid 
and  lively  style ;  he  also  scores  the 
dissenters  for  their  parsimony  in  re- 
fusing to  subscribe  £66  to  pay  the 
fine,  and  procure  the  release  of  their 
champion  from  the  prison  in  which 
he  died  for  his  belief,  "in  the  Days  of 
that  Merciful  Prince, 
the  Second." 

Aside  from  the  household  of  the 
schoolmaster,  and  the  homes  of  those 
of  the  supposedly  learned  profes- 
sions, the  books  mentioned  in  the 
foregoing  letters,  together  with  a 
srooke-begrimed  and  tattered  alman- 
ack hanging  by  the  fireside,  and  pos- 
sibly a  copy  of  The  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress or  Paradise  Lost,  are  about  all 
in  print  that  would  have  been  found 
in  the  homes  of  the  early  settlers  in 
Claremont,  and  of  pre-Revolutionary 
settlers  in  nearly  all  of  the  smaller 
New  Hampshire  towns.  The  toil  re- 
quired to  gain  shelter,  fuel,  food  and 
clothing, — the  care  of  domestic  ani- 
mals included, — left  little  time  for 
reading,  even  to  those  who  were  thus 

(3)     See    Historical    Magazine,    Vol.    VII,    New 


King     Charles 


inclined.  The  quaint  and  often  blur- 
red print  of  these  old  books  rendered 
them  not  easy  reading  in  the  dim 
light  of  a  pine  knot  or  of  a  sputter- 
ing  tallow   candle. 

The  next  and  last  letter  received 
by  the  Society  in  London  from  Mr. 
Cole  is  abstracted  in  its  Journal,  Vol. 
20,  p.  351,  as  follows: 

-Meeting April  21,    1775 

A  Letter  from  Mr.  Cole,  School- 
master at  Claremont,  N.  Hampshire, 
dated  Dec'b'r  26,  1774,  apologizing  for 
his  not  writing  before  on  account  of 
the  difficulty  of  getting  a  letter  trans- 
mitted to  Boston.  He  has  met  with 
rough  treatment  from  the  Mob,  having 
been  threatened  and  seized,  but  was 
rescued  by  the  friends  of  Government. 
The  fury  is  little  abated.  He  taught  in 
his  school  last  winter  the  usual  number. 
The  Selectmen  of  the  Town  have  all 
signed  the  Solemn  League  and  Cove- 
nant. He  shall  always  serve  the  inter- 
ests of  Learning  and  Loyalty  to  the  ut- 
most  of   his  power. 

If  it  was  difficult  to  get  a  letter 
transmitted  to  Boston  in  1774  how 
much  more  difficult  must  it  have  been 
after  the  fight  at  Lexington  and  Con- 
cord  a    few    months    later. 

An  entry  in  the  Society's  Journal 
in  1776  records  that  "very  few  letters 
have  been  received  from  the  Society's 
Missionaries  in  New  England";  and 
in  1779,  "The  situation  of  affairs  in 
these  [New  England]  colonies  hath 
cut  off  almost  all  correspondence 
with  the  Missionaries. "(3)  This  fact 
and  the  fact  that  Mr.  Cole  did  not 
long  survive  the  outbreak  of  the 
Revolution  accounts  for  the  failure 
of  the  Society  to  hear  from  him 
again. 

We  may  imagine  something  of  the 
excitement  in  this  sparsely  settled 
frontier  town  when,  months  before 
the  fight  at  Lexington  and  Concord, 
a  kindly  old  gentleman  who  for  five 
years  had  taught  the  children,  at  no 
cost  to  their  pa  rents,  "met  with 
rough  treatment'''  at  the  hands  of  the 
people,  necessitating  his  "rescue  by 
the   friends  of  the  Government,"  that 

Series,    p.    359. 


PRE-REVOIXITIONARY  LIFE  AND  THOUGHT 


24  i 


is,  by  the  Loyalists.  We  may,  how- 
ever, rejoice  that  the  treatment  of 
Mr.  Cole  and  of  oilier  "friends  of  the 
Government"  was  no  worse,  and  that 
New  Hampshire  was  not  disgraced 
by  the  cruelties  so  frequently  per- 
petrated in  Massachusetts  at  about 
this   time. 

The  "Solemn  League  and  Cove- 
nant" which  Mr.  Cole  tells  us  had 
been  signed  by  all  the  Selectmen  of 
Claremonf,,4)  it  probably  had  also 
been  signed  by  many  others  in  the 
town, —  had  its  origin  in  the  Boston 
Committee  of  Correspondence  and 
was  promulgated  in  June,  1774.  It 
was  drafted  by  Joseph  Warren,  kill- 
ed  at   Ihmker  Mill.        It  began  :   "We 

the    subscribers Do    in    the 

Presence  of  God,  Solemnly  swear 
and  in  good  faith  Covenant  and 
Agree,  with  each  other"  etc.  It  pro- 
vided for  the  suspension  of  all  com- 
mercial intercourse  with  Great  Brit- 
ain until  the  act  blocking  up  lioston 
Harbor  had  been  repealed.  This 
was  the  "Bos! on  Port  Bill."  closing 
the  harbor  until  that  town  should 
pay  for  the  tea  thrown  overboard, 
and  the  King  should  .be  satisfied  that 
thereafter  the  people  would  obey  the 
laws.  The  subscribers  to  the  Cove- 
nant agreed  not  to  purchase  or  con- 
sume any  goods,  wares  or  merchan- 
dise which  should  arrive  in  America 
from  Great  Britain  after  August 
31st,  1774,  and  to  break  oft  all  com- 
merce and  dealing  with  all  who  should 
continue  to  import  goods  from  Great 
Britain,  or  should  purchase  from 
those  who  did  so  import,  and  finally- 
to  purchase  no  articles  of  merchan- 
dise from  those  who  have  not  signed 
this  or  a  similar  covenant.  Copies 
of    this   document    were    circulated    in 


the  New  England  Provinces,  and 
signed  very  generally  in  the  Massa- 
chusetts towns,  also  to  a  considerable 
extent  \n  the  adjoining  Provinces.  A 
Committee  of  Correspondence  was 
organized  at  Portsmouth  in  June, 
1774,  and  the  covenant,  in  a  some- 
what modified  form,  was  sent  to  all 
towns  in  New  Hampshire  with  a  let- 
ter requesting  the  "utmost  Endeavors 
that  the  Subscription  paper"  be  sign- 
ed by  "all  adult  Persons  of  both 
Sexes  as  soon  as  possible."  The 
principal  modification  was  in  except- 
ing from  the  prohibition  of  purchase 
"such  articles  as  shall  be  adjudged 
absolutely  necessary  by  the  Ma- 
jority of  the  Signers  hereof." 
That  the  document  should  have  reach- 
ed small,  recently  settled  towns  in 
western  New  Hampshire  attests  the 
activity  of  the  Committee  which  so 
soon  had  been  organized  in  Ports- 
mouth, the  town  which,  only  four 
years  before,  had  been  in  such  dis- 
favor because  some  of  its  merchants 
had  bought  English  goods.  In  Con- 
cord, N.  H.,  the  covenant  was  sign- 
ed, with  the  modifying  clause,  by 
seventy-three  of  its  inhabitants.  It 
closed  with  the  following:  "Lastly, 
We  hereby  further  engage,  that  we 
will  use  every  Method  in  our  Power 
to  Encourage  and  promote  the  Pro- 
duction of  Manufactures  among 
ourselves,  that  this  Covenant  and  en- 
gagement may  be  as  little  detrimental 
to  ourselves  and  Fellow  Countrymen 
as  possible. ",5) 

The  documents  sent  out  from 
Portsmouth  must  have  been  carried 
by  special  messenger,  for  it  was  be- 
fore the  days  of  Post-riders  in  the 
interior.*60  Of  what  interest  it  would 
be   had   this   messenger   kept   a   diary 


(4)  The  Selectmen  of  Claremont  in  1774  were  Thomas  Oustin,  Matthias  Stone  and  Stephen 
Higbee. 

(5)  See  Granite  Monthly,  Vol.  35,  PP.  1S8-196.  The  Conor  rd  Covenant  is  the  nriy  or  p  rrt 
New  Hampshire  of  which  the  original  has  been  preserved.  Not  even  a  copy  of  any  other  has 
been    found. 

(6>  The  House  of  Representatives  at  Fxeter,  en  Sapt.  IS.  1770,  "Voted.  To  establish  a 
Post  rider  to  ride  -weekly  from  Exeter  to  Charleston  (No.  4)  and  back  again  to  carry  letters 
to  &  from  the  Northern  Army."  A  committee  was  at  the  same  time  appointed  to  determine 
the  route  and  compensation  to  he  paid.  N.  H.  State  Papers,  Vol.  8.  p.  3.i!h  This  was  the  first 
provision  for  a  post  rider  in  the  interior.  For  later  provisions,  See  N.  H.  Hist.  Society  Proceed- 
ings,   Vol.    7,    pp.    I'll,    263;    Granite    Monthly,    Vol.    52.    p.    54;    History    of    Amhersfe    pp.   446-7. 


X   698875 


:>42 


GRANITE  MONTHLY 


of  the  incidents  of  his  journey;  des- 
cribed the  condition  of  the  bridle 
paths;  told  where  he  had  to  look  out 
for  blaze-marks  on  the  trees;  noted 
the  inns  and  farmhouses  where  he 
slept  the  night,  or  where  his  conch 
was  under  the  stars  in  held,  or  forest ; 
and,  most  interesting  of  all,  it  he  had 
written  of  his  reception  in  the  vil- 
lages, when  he  told  of  the  ''Boston 
Port  Bill,"  and  explained  the  pur- 
pose of  his  mission.  Had  he  done 
this  his  name,  now  unknown,  would 
long  he  remembered  in  New  Hamp- 
shire  history. 

All  drafts  of  the  Covenant  con- 
tained a  reference  to  the  ''Act  for 
Blocking  up  the  Harbour  of  Bos- 
ton." but  in  few  places  was  the  lan- 
guage quite  so  vigorous  as  in  the 
town  where  it  originated,  which  was 
natural  since  Boston  was  the  chief 
sufferer. 

''On  the  first  of  June,  17/4  the  block- 
ade was  proclaimed,  and  the  ruin  and 
starvation  of  Boston  at  once  began. 
The  industry  of  a  place  which  lived  by 
building,  sailing,  freighting,  and  un- 
loading ships  was  annihilated  in  a  single 
moment.  The  population  which  had 
fed  itself  from  the  sea,  would  now  have 
to  subsist  on  the  bounty  of  others,  con- 
veyed across  great  distances  by  a  hasti- 
ly devised  system  of  land-carriage  in  a 
district  where  the  means  of  locomotion 
was  unequal  to  such  a  burden.  A  city 
which  conducted  its  internal  communi- 
cations by  boat  almost  as  much  as 
Venice,  and  quite  as  much  as  Stock- 
holm, was  henceforward  divided  into  as 
man}-  isolated  quarters  as  there  were 
suburbs  with  salt  or  brackish  water 
lying  between  them."(T>  "The  law 
was  executed  with  a  rigor  that  went  be- 
yond the  intentions  of  its  authors.  Not 
a  scow  could  be  manned  by  -oars  to 
bring  an  ox,  or  a  sheep,  or  a  bundle  of 
hay  from  the  islands.  All  water  carri- 
age from  pier  to  pier,  though  but  of 
lumber,  or  bricks,  or  lime,  was  strictly 
forbidden.  The  boats  that  plied  be- 
tween Boston  and  Charlestown  could 
not  ferry  a  parcel  of  goods  across 
Charles  River;  the  fishermen  of  Mar- 
blchead,  when  they  bestowed  quintals  of 
dried    fish    on    the    poor    of    Boston,    were 

(7)  Trevelyan's    American    Revolution,    Vol. 

(8)  Bancroft's    Hist,    of    the    United    States, 

(9)  Trevelyan's    American    Revolution,    Vol. 
(10) -(11)      See    following    page. 


obliged  to  transport  their  offerings  in 
waggons  by  a  circuit  of  thirty  miles. 
The  warehouses  oi  the  thrifty  merchants 
were  at  once  made  valueless;  the  cost- 
ly wharfs,  which  extended  so  far  into 
the  channel,  and  were  so  lately  covered 
with  the  produce  of  the  tropics  and  with 
English  fabrics,  were  become  solitary 
places;  the  harbor,  which  had  resound- 
ed incessantly  with  the  cheering  voices 
of  prosperous  commerce,  was  now  dis- 
turbed by  no  sounds  but  from  British 
vessels    of   war."<Sl 

The  King  took  "infinite  satisfac- 
tion" in  this  work,  for  he  hated  Bos- 
ton, seeing  red  whenever  he  thought 
of  it.  "The  capital  of  Massachu- 
setts, in  the  eyes  of  its  Sovereign, 
was  nothing  better  than  a  centre  of 
vulgar  sedition,  bristling  with  Trees 
of  Liberty  and  strewn  with  brick- 
bats and  broken  glass ;  where  his 
enemies  went  about  clothed  in  home- 
spun, and  his  friends  in  tar  and 
feathers."'9*  The  passage  and  en- 
forcement of  the  "Boston  Port  Bill" 
caused  as  much  joy  to  George  as  it 
did  indignation  and  suffering  in  the 
classic  but  insubordinate  town  which 
he  was  determined  to  subdue.  Nev- 
er in  history  has  the  malice  of  an  in- 
dividual had  such  wide  reaching  ef- 
fects. 

For  further  information  respecting 
the  first  schoolmaster  and  happenings 
in  Clare.mont  before  or  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  Revolution  we  must  look 
elsewhere  than  in  his  correspondence 
with  the  Society  in  London.  The 
records  of  Claremont  reveal  that  at 
its  fourth.  Town  Meeting,  held  at  the 
house  of  Captain  Benjamin  Brooks(10) 
on  March  12th,  1771,  Samuel  Cole, 
esquire  was  chosen  Town  Clerk,  an 
office  to  which  he  was  re-elected  in 
1772  and  \77?>.  He  had  been  ap 
pointed  a  Justice  of  the  Peace, (11)  an 
office  of  some  distinction  at  the  time, 
entitling  him  to  be  addressed  as  Es- 
quire. Originally  in  England  the 
title  Esquire  ranked  next  in  degree 
below  that  of  Knight,  being  given  to 

1,    p.    ISO. 

Vol.    VII    (7th    eel.)    p.    57. 
I,    p.     10. 


FRE-REVOLUTIONARY   LIFE  AND  THOUGHT 


243 


held  in  November,  1773,  Samuel 
Cole,  Esquire  was  appointed  Clerk. 
This  was  the  first  meeting  after  the 
cornipg  of  the  Rev.  Ranna  Cossit  as 
rector.  .-V  coming  which  brings  in- 
to the  annals  of  a  little  settlement 
in  the  upper  Connecticut  River  valley 
a  story  of  intrigue,  great  risk  and 
daring  now  buried  in  the  vast  ac- 
cumulation of  unpublished  manu- 
scripts in  the  archives  of  the  British 
Museum. (I2) 


the  eldest  sons  of  Knights.  Before 
the  Revolution  it  was  not  in  such  gen- 
eral and  misapplied  use  as  later.  In 
the  several  contemporaneous  list's  of 
early  residents  of  Claremont  this  title 
was  added  to  the  name  of  Samuel 
Cole  only,  and  to  his  name  it  was  in- 
variably appended.  Of  military  titles, 
Captains,  Lieutenants,  Sergeants  and 
Ensigns,  there  were  a  plenty,  but 
only   one    Esquire. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  vestry  of  the 
Church    of      England      in    Claremont 

(10)  In  this  house,  on  March  Sth.  170^.  way  also  held  Claremont's  first  Town  Meeting. 
See  Waite's  Hist,  of  Claremont,  pp.  30,  31.  The  Brooks  house  was  built  on  land  now  a  part  of 
the  Upham  homestead:  farm,  a  few  rods  west  from  the  Great  Road  and  a  short  distance  south 
from  the  woods  skirting-  the  beautiful,  deep  ravine.  This  ravine  is  crossed  by  the  Great  Road 
about  half  a  mile  south  from  Lottery  Bridge,  at  t,he  foot  of  a  steep  pitch  and  higrh  above  an 
old  stone  culvert  built  when  the  road  was  built,  probably  in  17CS.  Near-  i*s  the  writer  found  a 
fine,  old  strap-hinge  and  some  other  iron  work,  probably  hammered  out  by  Benjamin  Tyler  or 
one  of  the  blacksmiths  in  his  employ.  .A  part  of  the  Upham  farm  consists  of  Lot  Xo.  4  and 
the  greater  part  of  Let  No.  3.  both  being  of  the  "First  Division  of  Fifty  Acre  Lots"  as  shown 
and  numbered  on  the  "Proprietor's  Map"  of  Claremont.  drawn  on  a  sheepskin  in  17f>5  or  17GG. 
These  lots  were  divided  by  th-  literal  drawing  of  lots  by  the  original  grantees  of  the  town.  We 
are  enabled  to  fix  the  location  of  the  Capt.  Brooks  house  by1  the  language  of  a  deed  of  Lot  No. 
4,    made      by   Ebenezar    Rice    to   Beriah    Murray.    Shoemaker,      dated   July   X,    17GS,    describing      it    as 

"Butted   on   the   North   by    the    lot   Capt.    Benjamin    Brooks   now    lives   On South    and    Ea:.t   on 

Highways." — .see  Cheshire  County  Records,  Vol.  4,  p.  546.  The  highway  on  the  east  is  the  Great 
Koad,  that  on  the  south  the  branch  leading  west  to  the  now  Upham  and  Jarvis  homes.  The 
"Proprietors  Map"  shows  Lot  No.  3  adjoining  Lot  No.  4  on  the  north;  that  Capt  Brooks  owned 
it  is  shown  by  his  deed  of  the  entire  lot  to  Levi  Pardee  "except  one  aero  sold  to.  Benjamin 
Towner  at  the  North  east  corner." — Cheshire  County  Records,  Vol.  t>.  p.  10:>.  Careful  surveys 
show"  that  this  acre  was  just  north  of  the  ra\  ii  e  and  that  the  cellar  hole  of  the  Towner  house 
is  that  near  the  Great  Road  and  just  south  of  the  branch  leading  to  the  summer  home  of  J. 
Duncan  Upham.  From  this  little  house  Benj.  Towner  Jr.  was  one  of  the  first  to  shoulder  his 
Bintlock  and  march  away  to  join  the  Continental  Army.  Fifty  years  ago  a  then  nearly  .Hied 
depression  showed  the  outlines  of  the  large  cellar  of  the  Capt  Brook;  house  at  the  place  first 
above    indicated.      Capt.    Brooks    was    a    large    landowner. 


an   of  considerable   meant 


and 


his 


house,  in  176S,  probably  the  largest  in  the  town.  He  was  a  loyalist 
consequent  annoyances  that  he  returned  to  his  former  home,  in  Ne< 
the    beginning    of    the    Revolution.      His    departure     was    a    distinct    Ioj 


nd  so  much  disturbed  by 
Haven,  Conn.,  soon  after 
to    the    town.      The    frame 


1    buildings'  now 


for 


•rly 


of   the   Brooks    house   was   probably    used    in    some    one    of    th 
standing   on    the    Upham   or    Jarvis    farms. 

(11)  The  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  is  more  ancient  than  the  English  Bible.  In  name 
it  dates  back  to  an  Act  of  Parliament  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III;  but  in  the  substance  of  the 
office  to  the  time  of  William  the  Conqueror,  or  perhaps  even  to  the  Roman  age  in  England. 
•The  whole  Christian  world,"  said  Lord  Coke,  "hath  not  the  like  office  as  justice  of  the  peac 
if  duly  executed,?'  In  Colonial  days  it  was  an  office  much  less  frequently  bestowed  than 
pres-nt,    and    to    hold    it   was   consequently    more    of    an    honor. 

(.12)      Steps    have   been   taken    to    procure    from    London   copies    of    these    ps 


at 


pertain 
the 


ified    a    concluding   article   will 


avy 


THE  DANGER  FACING  NEW  ENGLAND 


Rv  En<in  Jr.  Hodsdon,  M.  /). 


|  Editor's  Note- — An  article  by  Dr.  E. 
YY.  Hodsdor.  of  Mountainview,  Ossipee, 
in    the  April  issue    of    the  Granite  Monthly 

entitled  "What  oi  New  England's  Fu- 
ture!" created  much  favorable  criticism. 
because  os  the  tearless  expression  of  the 
writer's  views  and  the  courageous  pre- 
sentation of  a  situation  which  threat- 
ens the  future  prosperity  of  New  Eng- 
land in  general  and  New  Hampshire  in 
particular.  Numerous  persons  desired 
to  hear  from  him  again  and  he  was  in- 
duced to  prepare  a  second  article,  which 
here    appears. 

13  r.  Hods  don  was  educated  at  Dover 
High  School,  Phillips  Exeter  Academy 
and  Washington  University,  St.  Louis. 
He  has  served  four  terms  in  the  New 
Hampshire  Legislature,  and  has  been 
medical  referee  of  Carroll  County  for 
about  15  years.  He  has  been  selectman 
and  town  clerk,  also,  and  is  now  post- 
master and  a  member  of  the  school 
committee.] 

Why  is   New  England  decadent? 

What  is  the  remedy  for  a  situation 
which  threatens  to  further  lessen 
prosperity,  happiness  and  content- 
ment ? 

No  thoughtful,  patriotic  son  of 
New  England  should  fail  to  grasp 
that  there  is  a  deadly  menace  to  this 
once  favored  section  of  the  land  in 
the  far-flung,  wide-spread,  fallacious 
exploitation  of  the  poisonous  pro- 
poganda  that  "this  is  the  time  for 
easv  money  and  extravagant  living-." 

Everywhere  should  the  tongues  of 
men  and  the  voices  of  nature  pro- 
claim that,  unless  a  remedy  for  New 
England's  threatened  danger  is 
quickly  put  into  effect,  ruin-  is  likely 
to  stalk  throughout  the  region. 

We  have  at  present  our  forsaken 
farms  and  deserted  industrial  vil- 
lages, by  far  too  many,  but  they  are 
as  nothing  compared  to  the  desola- 
tion of  deadly  lethargy  certain  to  en- 
compass energetic  municipalities 
should  the  downward  course  of  in- 
dustry persist — thriving  towns  and 
cities,  which,  despite  adverse  condi- 
tions, prevail  in  many  parts  of  New- 
England   today. 


I  am  not  writing  as  an  alarmist. 
{ dadly  would  I  favor  an  eight-hour 
day  and  prompt  payment  of  proper 
charges  for  all  members  of  the  medi- 
cal fraternity,  but  I  maintain  it 
would      be     no      more      unreasonable 


and 


improper 


fo 


me,      as 


physician,  to  refuse  to  respond 
to  the  call  of  a  patient  fatally  ill 
after  the  clocks  struck  the  hour  of 
4  p.  m.,  than  for  the  wage-earners 
in  New  England  to  insist  that  they 
shall  no  longer  give  more  than  eight 
hours  of  their  daily  time  to  keep  sus- 
tained a  decadent  realm  of  industry 
oil  whose  prosperity  depends  their 
own  welfare  and  that  of  many  thous- 
ands of  others. 

So,  too,  I  firmly  believe  that  in- 
dustrial employers  must  be  gov- 
erned in  their  attitude  relative  to 
wages  and  hours  wholly  by  economic 
conditions.  When  prices  of  manu- 
factured commodities  were  abnor- 
mally high,  as  during  the  World 
War,  wages  far  above  the  usual 
scale  were  paid  and  weekly  hours  of 
employment  were  materially  re- 
duced without  lessened  compensa- 
tion. With  the  resumption  of  the  or- 
dinary business  status  and  the  return 
of  millions  of  men  to  the  paths  of 
peace  and  the  production  of  fabri-. 
cated  merchandise,  readjustment 
was  essential,  and  readjustment 
means  absolute  obedience  to  the  laws 
of  healthy  business  and  economic 
conditions  and  the  dissipation  of  all 
extravagant,  unreasonable  and  im- 
proper theories  and  notions.  Now 
these  laws  cannot  be  lightly  cast  aside 
or  resented  in  any  community  which 
would  continue  to  provide  comfort 
and  good  living   for  its  inhabitants. 

It  is  lamentable  and  unfortunate 
that  these  economic  laws  will  not  per- 
mit the  wearing  of  silk  stockings  and 
fur  coats  for  adornment  and  at  the 
same  time  provide  comfortable 
conditions     of    living     for   the    family 


THE  DANGER  FACING  NEW   ENGLAND 


245 


of  an  average  wage-earner  in  New 
England.  Neither  do  they  provide 
the  means  for  the  possession  and 
maintenance  of  an  automobile  by 
every  wage-earner's  family;  yet,  he 
who  declares  that  the  material  wel- 
fare of  wage-earners  in  New  England 
has  not  been  above  that  of  the  aver- 
age workers  in  this  country  and 
Canada  knows  not  whereof  he  speaks. 
with  wages  higher  and  hours  of 
labor    lesser. 

"You  cannot  eat  your  cake  and 
have  it."  That  is  an  old-time  aphor- 
ism. It  is  also  one  of  the  soundest 
economic   laws    ever   enunciated. 

Compare  the  lot  of  the  textile 
workers  of  Canada  and  the  South 
with  that  of  New  England  mill  em- 
ployees. Consider  the  welfare  of  the 
boot  and  shoe  workers  of  the  West 
with  that  of  the  great  Eastern  centres 
of  manufacturing  like  Lynn.  Haver- 
hill, Manchester  and  Brockton.  No 
one  should  question — no  reasonable 
person  does  question — that  in  all  cir- 
cumstances the  situation  of  the  New 
Englanders  has  been  vastly  superior. 

Can   that    situation    continue? 

Not  until  the  deadly  menace  creat- 
ed by  the  persistent  propoganda  of 
easy  money  and  extravagant  living  is 
forever  silenced  and  the  remedy  of 
frugality  and  the  recognition  of  un- 
assailable economic  conditions  applied. 

Some  years  ago  Mr.  Lucius  Tuttle, 
president  of  the  Boston  &  Maine 
railroad,  told  me  there  was  nothing  in 
the  way  of  prosperity  for  New  Eng- 
land between  lumbering  and  the  de- 
velopment of  manufacturing.  .Before 
his  death  he  noted  the  wide-spread  cut- 
ting of  timber,  but  he  did  not  live  to 
see  the  decline  of  industrial  activity. 
What  would  he  have  said  and  thought 
could  he  have  witnessed  the  driving 
away  of  manufacturing  from  New 
England  ? 

This  fertile  and  favored  region  is 
dependent  upon  its  railroads  for  the 
maintenance  of  a  semblance  of  its 
former  prosperity.  Yet,  far-seeing 
men  know  that,  unless  the  threatening 


danger  is  recognized  and  remedied, 
our  present  railroad  systems  cannot 
continue  to  exist.  The  railroads'  un- 
fortunate situation  is  universally  un- 
derstood and  lamented,  but  how  much 
worse  will  it  be  with  a  further  falling 
off  in  manufacturing. 

There  is  not  sufficient  business  in 
hauling  freight  to  the  seaboard,  even 
with  preferential  rates,  to  make  them 
prosperous.  This  line  of  traffic  helps 
wonder fulh'  in  swelling  the  gross  re- 
ceipts, it  is  true,  but  the  railroads'  con- 
tinued prosperity  and  the  progress  and 
development  of  the  communities  they 
serve  must  depend  on  the  transporta- 
tion of  raw  material  to  the  manufac- 
turing centres  of  New  England  and 
the  distribution  of  the  manufactured 
goods  to  the  waiting  markets  of  the 
nation  and  the  world. 

If  the  South  takes  the  raw  cotton 
and  fabricates  textiles  and  the  West 
absorbs  hides  from  the  stock  yards 
and  makes  boots  and  shoes,  what  traf- 
fic will  the  railroads  then  have  except 
to  distribute  in  New  England  the  al- 
most infinitesimal  percentage  required 
for  consumption  when  the  manufac- 
turing industries  are  still  further  less- 
ened ? 

What  can  New  England  do  with  its 
railroad  systems  in  a  still  more  pre- 
carious situation? 

Of  what  avail  will  it  then  be  to  in- 
sist on  having  48  hours  of  labor  a 
week,  or  silk  stockings  or  fur  coats. 

Consider  the  boot  and  shoe  in- 
dustry. 

It  does  not  flourish  like  the  lilies  in 
the  field. 

In  the  memory  of  the  present  gen- 
eration practically  all  the  boots  and 
shoes  used  in  the  United  States  were 
made  in  New  England,  while  millions 
of  pairs  were  sent  to  Canada. 

In  1921  New  England  manufactur- 
ed only  37  per  cent  of  the  boots  and 
shoes   made   in   this   country. 

The  firm  of  which  Former  Gover- 
nor Rolland  H.  Spaulding  is  a  partner 
produces,  among  other  things,  vast 
quantities  of  Fibre  shoe  counters.   Two 


46 


GRANITE  MONTHLY 


and  three  years  ago  two-thirds  of  the 

production  oi  the  firm's  New  England 
mill  was  sent  to  factories  of  this  sec- 
tion; to-day  two-thirds  of  the  produc- 
tion goes  to   western   locations. 

The  normal  output  of  boots  and 
slides  in  this  country  is  approximately 
1,000,000  pairs  a  day.  At  present 
only  about  500,000  pairs  are  complet- 
ed every  24  hours.  Of  this  number, 
two  western  concerns,  the  Endicott- 
Johnson  Company  and  the  Internation- 
al Shoe  Company,  make  about  235,000 
pairs,  nearly  one-half. 

A  revival  of  business  in  this  indus- 
try is  anticipated,  but  it  may  be  re- 
garded as  certain  that  an  amply  pro- 
portional part  will  go  to  the  western 
houses. 

Give  a  glance  at  affairs  in  Lynn 
and  Haverhill,  formerly  among  the 
world-famous  shoe  manufacturing 
centres.  One  of  the  leading  busi- 
ness men  of  New  Hampshire,  a  man 
of  great  wealth  and  marked  ability, 
told  me  recently  that,  if  he  held  any 
boot  and  shoe  property  in  either  of 
those  cities,  he  would  dispose  of  it 
immediately  if  anything  approaching 
a    fair   offer    could   be    received. 

Dwell  for  a  moment  on  the  matter 
of  the  New  England  textile  industry, 
which,  is  of  particularly  vital  interest 
to  the  people  of  New  Hampshire.  In 
order  that  there  may  be  no  sugges- 
ton  of  local  prejudice,  1  am  quoting 
an  editorial  from  the  Xcw  York  Her- 
ald, one  of  the  admittedly  great 
newspapers  of  the  United  States,  en- 
titled "New  England's  Textile  In- 
dustry."    It   follows: 

"The  prolonged  strike  in  the  textile 
mills  of  New  England  has  aroused 
Southern  business  promoters  to  seek 
supremacy  in  this  great  industry  for 
the  Southern  States.  Since  their 
labor  troubles  began  mill  owners  in 
Rhode  Island,  Massachusetts  and 
New  Hampshire  have  been  fairly 
inundated  with  letters  from  Southern 
boards  of  trade,  chambers  of  com- 
merce and.  commercial  organizations 
setting   forth  in  general  terms  the  ad- 


vantages of  the  cotton  belt  region 
over  New  England  for  manufactur- 
ing plants,  and.  in  some  instances, 
making  tempting  specific  proposals. 

"The  chaos  into  which  labor  trou- 
bles and  abnormal  market  conditions 
have  plunged  the  New  England  tex- 
tile industry  has  offered  a  promising 
field  for  this  form  of  enterprise. 
That  in  this  intelligent  activity,  and 
the  causes  underlying  which  make  its 
opportunity,  there  is  a  menace  to 
New  England's  continued  leadership 
in  an  industry  on  which  its  pros- 
perity largely  is  dependent  is  a  fact 
widely  recognized. 

"As  an  offset  to  alarm  created  by 
this  campaign  it  has  been  asserted 
that  the  Southern  bid  for  mills  is 
being  used  by  New  England  manu- 
facturers to  scare  the  public  into  sup- 
port of  the  mill  owners'  attitude  to- 
ward labor.  It  has  been  declared 
that  Southern  mills  are  in  reality  the 
property  of  Northern  owners  and 
that  the  actual  trouble  is  the  result 
of  the  work  of  Northern  owners  who, 
by  creating  a  low  Southern  wage 
scale,  are  trying  to  beat  down  the 
Northern   mill   pay   to  the   same  level. 

"In  answer  to  this  the  New  Eng- 
land mill  owners  have  recently  pre- 
sented statistics,  as  to  the  accuracy 
of  which  they  invite  inquiry,  which 
show  that  one-half  the  cotton  spin- 
dles in  the  country,  roughly  speak- 
ing, are  now  in  the  South.  Of  this 
number  less  than  3  per  cent,  are 
owned  by  Northern  mills,  while  only 
8  per  cent,  are  owned  by  Northern 
money.  This  means  that  about  89 
per  cent,  of  all  the  Southern  mills 
are  owned  and  controlled  by  South- 
ern capital. 

"The  arguments  being  pressed  upon 
Northern  mill  owners  to  induce  them 
to  remove  to  the  South,  or  at  least  to 
establish  branches  there,  are  allur- 
ing. They  are  supported  by  facts 
that  are  hardly  open  to  question. 
Cheaper  cotton,  cheaper  fuel,  less  fuel 
required,  lower  transportation  costs, 
lower   cost   of    living   and    consequent 


The  danger  facing  new  England 


247 


willingness  of  workers  to  accept 
lower  wages — these  are  among  the 
inducements  offered  fdr  Northern 
consideration.  Southern  mill  opera- 
tives, who  are  described  as  *100  per 
cent.  American/  gladly  work  from 
fifty-four  to  sixty  hours  a  week  for 
25  per  cent,  less  pay  than  New  Eng- 
land operatives  demand  for  from 
forty-eight  to  fifty- four  hours.  And 
the  crowning  argument  of  all  is  that 
the  Southern  operatives  are  free  from 
the  pernicious  influence  of  the  labor 
union  politician.  Strikes  such  as  arc 
now  paralyzing  so  many  New  Eng- 
land mills  are  economic  factors  that 
may  be  ignored  in  the  South. 

"These  are  formidable  arguments. 
How  long  strike  ridden  mill  owners, 
with  geographical  and  other  handi- 
caps, can  be  deaf  to  them  and  keep 
on  doing  business  at  the  old  New 
England  stands  is  a  question  which 
seems  to  be  pressing  rapidly  to  the 
front." 

To  revert  to  the  imminence  of 
changing  conditions  and  the  wake  of 
financial  and  development  disaster 
which  may  be  left  in  the  path  of 
events  of  like  character,  attention  is 
called  to  an  able  and  convincing,  vet 
conservative,  editorial  which  appear- 
ed in  the  Manchester  Leader  June  3 
last.     Here  it  is  : 

"Time  was  when  iron  ore  was  got 
in  a  swamp  just  below  Mr.  Gordon 
Woodbury's  homestead  and  when 
the  proprietor  of  a  forge  standing- 
just  across  Chandler  brook  opposite 
the  Porter  farm  on  the  River  Road 
in  Bedford,  offered  to  contract  for 
all  the  cannon  balls  needed  by  the 
Continental  army.  Gilmanton  Iron 
Works  recalls  in  its  very  name  the. 
old  New  Hampshire  iron  industry. 
Eranconia  had  a  considerable  iron 
plant.  Sometimes  we  wonder  wheth- 
er or  not  the  men  in  these  plants 
really  grasped  the  idea  that  condi- 
tions were  changing  until  they  had 
completely  changed  and  their  indus- 
try was  a  thing  of  the  past  in  this 
part  of  the  country.  The  question 
is  suggested  by  a  similar  one :  Do  we 


of  to-day.  in  Manchester,  grasp  the 
change  which  is  taking  place  under 
our   eyes? 

-  "Not  so  many  years  ago  Manches- 
ter newspaper  reporters  went  out 
once  a  year  to  report  the  "mill  meet- 
ings." There  were  meetings  of  the 
Amoskeag,  the  Manchester,  the 
Stark,  the  Amory,  and  the  Langdon 
to  "get."  In  those  days,  too,  as  fine 
a  steam  fire  engine  as  ever  pumped 
water  was  made  here,  and  a  locomo- 
tive of  superior  quality.  All  this  has 
passed  away.  The  Manchester  Loco- 
motive Works  held  out  for  a  long 
time,  but  in  the  end  the  American 
Locomotive  Company  bought  it  out, 
and  both  steam  fire  engine  and  loco- 
motive making  went  where  they  could 
be  carried  on  economically.  One  by 
one  the  lesser  textile  concerns  suc- 
cumbed to  relentless  economic  laws, 
most  of  them  being  absorbed  in  and, 
in  at  least  one  instance,  salvaged  by 
the  Amoskeag.  The  Stark  was  tak- 
en up  into  the  American  Cotton 
Duck.  Now  the  Amoskeag  stands 
alone  in  Manchester's  last  ditch  fight 
to   hold   the  textile   industry. 

"Superior  management,  a  work- 
ing force  of  highly  skilled,  indus- 
trious, temperamentally  stable  and 
home-building  workers,  and  several 
other  advantages,  including  that  of 
the  youth  fulness  of  distant  competi- 
tion, have  combined  to  make  it  pos- 
sible for  the  Amoskeag  and  the  city 
to  grow  and  prosper  in  face  of  the 
very  forces  before  which  other  in- 
dustrial concerns  have  been  driven 
from  the  field.  Now  it  absorbs  the 
Stark,  and  the  great  corporation  of 
which  the  latter  was  a  part  frankly 
gives  up  the  fight  and  goes  South 
where  it  already  has  large  plants. 
The  Amoskeag  remains,  elects  to  con- 
tinue the  struggle,  is  making  changes 
calculated  to  minimize  its  dependence 
upon  prohibitively  priced  coal.  But 
it  has  a  fight  on  its  hands. 

"Meanwhile  the  shoe  industry  has 
come  and  has  grown.  But  it,  too,  is 
having  its  troubles.  The  old  com- 
paratively   easy    going   days      are    be- 


248 


GRANITE  MONTHLY. 


hind  us  in  both  industries.  South- 
ern competition  is  pressing  hard  on 
the  textile  industry,  Middle  Western 
conTpetition  on  the  shoe  industry. 
Manifestly,  for  both  workers  and 
management  there  is  a  struggle 
ahead,  if  these  industries  are  to  he. 
maintained  in  this  part  of  the  coun- 
try— not  a  struggle  as  between  them- 
selves, but  a  struggle  together 
against  the  economic  pull  which  is 
drawing  industries  nearer  and  nearer 
to  the  source  of  supply  of  raw  ma- 
terial. 

"It  was  a  hopeless  struggle  in  the 
case  of  the  old  iron  industry.  It  was 
not  hopeless  for  the  locomotive  and 
steam  fire  engine  industry  for  a  long 
time.  Gradually,  however,  with  the 
demand  for  heavier  locomotives  and 
for  corresponding  changes  in  plant, 
with  the  growth  of  might}'  plants 
elsewhere  and  nearer  the  raw  ma- 
terial sources,  with  the  competition 
of  quantity  production,  it  became 
hopeless.  It  is  nowhere  nearly  hope- 
less for  the  great  New  England  tex- 
tile concerns  as  yet,  and  need  not  be- 
come hopeless  if  conditions  other 
than  those  fixed  by  raw  material  are 
equalized.  And  legislation  is  steadi- 
ly tending  towards  their  equalization, 
albeit  the  process  is  slow.  But  until 
legislation  relating  to  hours,  working 
conditions  and  child  labor,  does  do 
this,  there  must  be  a  real  struggle 
for  existence  -  a  struggle,  let  us  re- 
peat, not  between  management  and 
workers,  but  between  these  together 
and   the  competing    forces  elsewhere." 

The  loss  of  ship-building,  due  to 
changed  conditions,  was  not  felt  in 
Manchester,  but  it  was  a  serious 
blow  to  many  other  parts  of  New 
England. 

The  problem  must  be  met. 

If  it  is  solved  correctly  the  future 
of  New  England,  with  its  manifold 
interests,  is  secure.  Such  a  correct 
solution  means  the  security  of  your 
homes  and  your  property — if  it  is 
incorrect  the  desolation  of  your 
home  is  imminent.  Every  New  Eng- 
lander's   prosperity   is   at   issue ;    it    is 


a  case  of  common  weal. 

Not  by  insistent  determination  can 
what  is  best  he  brought  about.  It  is 
reported  that  the  agent  of  a  mill  in 
Suncook,  N.  H.,  offered,  if  his  em- 
ployees returned  to  work  under  a  re- 
duced scale  and  54  hours  weekly 
labor,  to  abide  by  whatsoever  result 
was  arrived  at  when  the  strike  ended. 
1 1  the  strikers  gained  their  point  they 
would  be  paid  any  difference  in  wages 
and  for  the  extra  six  hours  weekly, 
dating  from  the  time  of  return  to 
work.  In  case  the  manufacturers' 
plan  was  accepted,  they  would  have 
the  advantage  of  continued  employ- 
ment. There  was  no  chance  for  the 
employees  to  lose,  hut  the  proposition 
was   rejected. 

The  remedy? 

Hard  work,  frugality,  a  cessation 
of  oppressive  restrictive  legislation, 
reasonable  limitation  of  weekly  work- 
ing hours  in  accordance  with  condi- 
tions which  prevail  in  other  manu- 
facturing sections  that  are  in  direct 
competition  with  New  England,  and 
recognition  of  the  utter  fallacy  of 
the  propaganda  of  "easy  money  and 
easy    living." 

New  England  has  suffered  from 
our  forefathers'  lack  of  foresight  in 
failing  to  recompense  the  soil,  from 
the  indiscriminate  cutting  off  of  our 
timber  supply,  from  the  ruthless 
destruction  of  game  and  from  the 
devastation  of  the  ocean's  gifts. 
While  production  from  these  sources 
has  decreased  woefully,  some  measure 
of  rehabilitation  may  be  found  by  in- 
tensive cultivation  of  the  soil,  the  fix- 
ing of  timber  reservations,  the  es- 
tablishment of  game  preserves  .  and 
protective  laws  and  the  rigid  restric- 
tion of  wasteful  fisheries. 

Not  so  with  our  manufacturing  in- 
dustry, however. 

Once  the  peak  of  progress  is  pass- 
ed and  the  downward  course  of  retro- 
gression is  thoroughly  established  the 
beginning  of  the  end  has  come. 

Industry  never  will  return  and  in- 
tensive cultivation  will  be  of  no  avail. 


^«T 


RESISTLESS  APPEAL  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


By  Ch 


S.  TaMcv 


It  has  been  my  good  fortune  tc 
spend  a  part  of  even"  summer  of  m\ 
life  within  the  confines  of  Old  Xev, 
Hampshire.  I  am  familiar  with  ever) 
I   love  its   so  en- 


New   Hampshire 


section  or   the  state 

cry  and  its  people. 
people  regard  their  visitors  as  friends 
to  he  welcomed  and  not  as  pigeons  to 
he  plucked. 

The  first  few  summers  of  my- life 
were  passed  in  the  little  village  of 
Bradford,  at  the  foot  of  southern 
Kearsarge.  It  is  a  charming  town. 
noted  for  its  dignified  homes,  its 
open-hearted  hospitality  and  its  total 
absence  from  the  thriftlessness  which 
disgraces  so  many  towns.  No  section 
of  New  Hampshire  affords  more 
abundant  facilities  for  hunting  and 
fishing  than  in  the  vicinity  of  Brad- 
ford. Black  duck,  partridges,  rac- 
coons, dace,  pickerel,  trout,  foxes, 
etc.,  make  the  Bradford  woods  and 
streams  their  rendezvous. 

1  later  became  a  visitor  to  the 
beautiful  Whittier  country  and  still 
later  knew  the  northern  country 
when  a   student   at   Dartmouth. 

When  the  social  whirl  of  the  city 
winter  becomes  too  frenzied,  when 
the  tired  brain  and  the  jaded  nerves 
behind  the  desk  need  refreshing, 
when  life  in  town  seems  narrow, 
crowded,  oppressive,  I  like  to  go  to 
New  Hampshire.  There  the  still 
air  snaps  and  sparkles,  the  whip- 
cracks  of  the  win'!  stir  to  riot  the 
strengthening  pulse  beats. 

I  am  firmly  convinced  that  one  has 
missed  a  height  of  human  pleasure 
who  has  never  coasted  down  a  New 
Hampshire  hill — and  climbed  its 
steep  incline  again— with  a  merry 
party  under  the  light  of  the  full 
moon; -who  has  never  heard  the  cling 
of  the  steel  skate  blade  on  the  frozen 
bosom  of  the  lake  or  riser;  who  has 


never  donned  the  snowshoes,  our 
Indian  inheritance.  In  place  of  the 
exquisite  green  of  the  spring  birth,  the 
fuller  bloom  of  mid-summer,  or  the 
georgeous  reds  of  autumn,  we  have 
winter's  white  of  wonderful  witch- 
ery,  of   gleaming,   glittering  beauty. 

I  cannot  boast  New  Hampshire 
ancestors.  The  vicinity  of  Salem  is 
my  ancestral  home.  Every  summer 
3  yearn  for  the  New  Hampshire 
hills,  I  am  proud  that  Massachusetts 
has  a  New  Hampshire  son  as  gover- 
nor, especially  such  a  governor  as 
Channing  II .  Cox. 

Fortunate  are  they  whose  leisure 
permits  them  to  linger  among  the 
hills  of  New  Hampshire  through  the 
dream)"  Indian  summer  of  October, 
and  watch  the  flush  of  autumn  deep- 
en over  the  forests.  The  climate  ib 
then  at  its  best.  The  days,  if  ever, 
are  perfect.  The  hillsides,  ablaze  with 
crimson  and  gold,  mirror  their  glories 
in   the   motionless   lakes. 

The  majesty  of  the  mountains,  the 
beauty  of  the  lakes,  the  charm  of  the 
seacoast. 

So  much  of  sh.ee r  beauty  is  crowd- 
ed into  this  remarkable  state  that  one 
gazes  about  with  a  quick  indrawing 
of  breath  — scarce  believing  that  his 
eyes   have   served   him   aright. 

Against  a  back-ground  of  towering 
mountains,  deep  masses  of  purple 
shadows,  crowned  with  the  pure 
white  of  everlasting  snows,  shines 
forth  the  startling  beauty  of  New 
Hampshire,  a  beaut}'  so  clear,  so  nat- 
ural, so  delightful  that  there  is  no 
resisting  it. 

Whittier   wrote, 

"Touched   by  a   light   that  hath   no  name, 

A    glory    never    sung, 
Aloft   on    sky   and   mountain    wall 

Are    God's    great    pictures    hung." 


■As-o 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY  DAY 


\\  hat  is  so  rare  as  a  fair  day  in 
June  was  the  1922  version  of  James 
Russell  Lowell's  famous  line  as  ren- 
dered by  the  thousands  of  alumni, 
alumnae,  graduates,  undergraduates, 
parents  and  friends  who  attended 
Commencement  at  New  Hampshire's 
colleges  and  schools  during  last 
month.     However,     this     inopportune 


Dartmouth  College  graduated  a 
class  of  233  and  New  Hampshire 
College,  one  of  122.  At  Durham 
honorary  degrees  of  Doctor  of  Laws 
were  conferred  upon  Governor  Al- 
bert C).  Brown,  President  Ernest  M. 
Hopkins  of  Dartmouth,  Judge 
George  H.  Bingham  of  Manchester, 
Chairman     James    O.    Lvford   of   the 


President  Guy  \Y.  Cox  of  the  Dartmouth   Alumni  Association, 


display  of  the  vagaries  of  New  Eng- 
land weather  did  not  reduce  the 
quantity  or  quality  of  the  graduating 
classes:  prevent  the  attendance  of 
any  of  the  recipients  of  honorary 
degrees;  or  otherwise  detract  from 
the  more  serious  and  essential  feat- 
ures which  attend  the  close  of  the 
educational    year. 


state  hank  commission  and  Clarence 
E.  Carr  of  Andover.  Prof.  Her- 
bert F.  Moore  of  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, a  distinguished  alumnus  and 
native  of  New  Hampshire,  was  made 
a  Doctor  of  Science,  and  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts  was  given  Mrs. 
Alice  S.  Harriman  of  Laconia,  mem- 
ber of  the    state    board    of  education 


NEW    H/Mi'SH  IRE]  DAT ,RY.  DAY 


and   past president;  of  the; State   Fedi 
cr.ar.if.>!),  of  Woman's -.Clubs,-  .-:       - 

Ifrfe  distinguishes]  list  of  recipients 
of;  honorary  degrees  at  Dartmouth 
included  Secretary':!  of  .the  Treasury 
Andrew  W.  Mellon.  I,L.  D.;  Prof: 
Henry  WL  Riissell  of  Princeton  and 
Gen,  George  i  rh  Squier,  Doctor  of 
Science;  Mrs.  Dorothy  Can  field  Fish- 
er and  Robert  Lincoln  O'Brien  of  the 
Boston.;  Herald,  ■  .Doctor  ojf  Letters;;: 
Rev,  John  T.  Dallas  of  Hanover,  Rev, 
Charles  C.  '.Merrill  of  Chicago  and 
President  Benjamin  ,T.  Marshall  of 
Connecticut  College  for  Women.  Doc- 
tor of  Divinity  ; :.  Harry  Chandler, 
native  .of  .-New  Hampshire  and  pub- 
lisher,: .of  the  Los  .Angeles  Times,  Su- 
perintendent William  F.  Geiger  of  the 
Tacoma..  Washington,  public  schools 
and  Ptindoali  Charles  At;  Tracy  of 
Kimball  -Union  Academy,  Master  of 
Arts..  \\  • 

; .,-..  New ;  J  lamj  >s]  lire  was  honore  d  at 
Hanover  in  that  both-  the ; retiring  and 
the  .incoming  president  of  the  Dart- 
.mouth  Alumni  .Association  were  of 
Granite  State  connection.  Merrill 
Shurtlei".  .'92.  of  Lancaster,  presided 
gracefully  over  ,  the  annual  Com- 
mencement Day  .dinner,  and  the 
-choree  was  announced,  as  his  success- 
or, of, Guy  Wilbur  Cox.  '93, ;  born  in 
Manchester,  ■;  January  19,  -  1871,  .  the 
Som  pf  Charles  ,  E.  and  Evelyn  M. 
(.Randall)  Cox  and  the  brother  of 
Walter  •  R.  Cox,  the  famous  horse- 
man, jftdge  Louis.  .  S.  Cox  of  the 
-Massachusetts  :. Supreme  Court  and 
Governor  .  Channhig  H.  Cox  of  the 
■Bay ,- State. "  President  Cox -was  the 
valedictorian,  of,  his  Dartmouth  class 
arid  its- most,,  talented,,  musician  as 
yvell  ..as,  mathematician,,  die  subse- 
quently graduated  .  magna  cum  iaii.de 
,-frqnythe  Boston  Law  School  and  has 
•been  highly  successful  in  the  practice 
,qf  his  profession  in  Boston  for,  a 
quarter,  of  ;a  century,  being  a  '  mem- 
_ber,-;of . -thef ;  Turn  of  Butler, . .  Cox  .  & 
[Murchie.  ?rr\  He.  was  a  member-  of 
the  Boston  city  council  in  1902 ;  of 
;tlie   state   house  ..of .  ^representatives   in 


1003:4;.  of  the  state : senate  in,  1906-7 
and  i)i  the,  constitutional  convention 
in, -10J 7- 18.  in  this  last  body  he  was 
chairman  .of  the  important  commit- 
tee on  [taxation  as  he  had  been  pre- 
viously in  the  senate.  He  was  chair- 
main  of  the  Massachusetts  tax  com- 
mission in  190?  and  was  recently  the 
head  of  the  like  committee  of  the  Bos- 
ton   Chamber   of   Commerce. 


r  The  i  Xew  .Hampshire  Farm  Bu- 
reau Federation  issued  recently  the 
following  statement  upon  taxation : 
:.From  ,1910  to  1920  the  taxes- col- 
lected in  tpwns  and  tin -incorporated 
places,  increased  .by  142%,  and  the 
valuation  increased  100  per  cent.  The 
average  rate  of  taxation  went  from 
$1.60.  in -1911  to  over  $2.38  in  1920. 
The  majority  of  the  farming  commu- 
nities :pay  more  than  the  average  rate. 
.,  Realizing  these  facts,  the  Xew 
.Hampshire  Farm  Bureau  Federa- 
tion has  made  an  investigation  of  tax 
conditions,  covering  the  last  ten. years. 
The  Committee  formed  for  this  pur- 
pose under  the  chairmanship  of  -  Ex- 
Governor  Robert  P.  Bass,  and  in- 
cluding Ex-Congressman  Raymond 
B.:,  Stevens,;  and  Frank;  II.-  Pearson, 
has  submitted  a  preliminary  report,  a 
summary  of  which  is  here  given. 

The  Special  Tax ....  Commission, 
authorized  .  by  the  Legislature  -  of 
J 907.,  found  that  real  estate  was 
valued  at  about  70  per  cent,  livestock 
at  55  per  cent,  stocks,  in  trade  at  55 
per  cent,  industrial  and  mercantile 
corporations  at  34%,  timberlands  at 
about  30  per  cent,  while  nine-tenths 
of  money  and  taxable  securities  es- 
caped' entirely.  Railroads  were  then 
assessed  at.  barely  more  than  1-3  of 
the,  market  value  of  their  securities 
apportioned  to  New  Hampshire  and 
about  40  per  cent  of  .a  valuation 
reached  by  capitalizing,  their,  earn- 
'ingsat  5.  per  cent..  , ,  .-■ 

...  This  led  The  Legislature"  of"  1911 
to  create  the  present  Tax  Commis- 
sion chiefly  for  the  purpose  of  recti- 
fying' these'  inequalities  .  which    obvi- 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


ously  placed  an  tin  fair  burden  on  the_ 
farmer  and   small   householder. 

From  I91Q  to  1920  the  total  valua- 
tion of  all  taxable  property  in  the 
state,  except  savings  bank  deposits, 
increased  about  92  per  cent,  whereas 
property  locally  assessed  in  cities  and 
towns  increased   100  per  cent. 

Lands  and  buildings,  found  in  190S 
to  be  the  most  highly  assessed,  in- 
creased 85  per  cent  in  valuation. 
Livestock,  from  1910  to  1920.  in- 
creased per  head,  by  various  percent- 
ages;  cows,  16r>  per  cent.  Vet  in 
1908  livestock  was  second  in  its  high 
rate  of  valuation  as  compared  with 
other  classes.  These  should  be  com- 
pared with  the  average  of  all  prop- 
erty, 92%.  Such  increases  seem  en- 
tirely disproportionate  and  unfair 
when  compared  to  some  other  classes. 

Real  estate  in  general  was  in  1908 
assessed  at  about  70%  of  true  value, 
while  timberlands  were  then  assessed 
at  about  30%.  A  studf  of  repre- 
sentative woodlots  in  southern  and 
central  Xew  Hampshire,  made  by 
John  H.  Foster,  now  State  Forester, 
showed  average  increases  in  assessed 
valuation  of  161.7  per  cent  from 
1908  to  1914,  bringing  them  in  that 
year  to  about  75%  of  actual  value. 
These  tax  values  have  been  largely 
increased    since    1914. 

During  the  period,  1^10-1920,  the 
average  tax  value  per  acre,  in  un- 
incorporated places  increased  143%. 
If  that  were  all  that  had  happened, 
the  tax  valuation  would  have  risen 
from  30%  of  the  true  value,-  to  737? 
of  the  true  value.  But  in  the  mean- 
time the  market  value  had  greatly 
risen.  The  increase  in  tax  value  of 
wild  lands  has  only  kept  pace  with 
the  phenomenal  increase  in  pulpwood 
value.  The  disparity  which  existed 
in  1908  between  these  timberlands 
and  ordinary  lands  and  buildings, 
(30  to  70)  Iras  not  been  equalized, 
and  those  classes  which  have  been 
brought  fully  or  nearly  to  actual  value 
are  still  bearing  a  disproportionate 
share   of    the   entire    tax   burden,    and 


besides  that,  paid  in  1920  on  a  $2.38 
average  rate,  while  Un-incorporated 
places  paid  on  a  $.48  average   rate. 

The  Committee  believes  we  need  a 
new  scheme  of  timber  taxation.  So 
long,  however,  as  we  continue  the  pre- 
sent tax  system,  it  should  be  impartial- 
ly and  equally  enforced  in  respect  to 
all  classes  of  property'. 

From  1910  to  1912  the  increase  in 
the  valuation  of  public  utilities  was 
equal  and  proportionate  to  all  other 
property.  Since  1912,  other  property 
has  shown  a  steady  increase,  while 
the  valuation  of  public  utilities  has 
shown   a    marked    decrease. 

Except  for  the  Manchester  utilities 
which  seem  to  be  assessed  at  full 
value,  the  valuation  fixed  by  the 
Public  Service  Commission,  is  gener- 
ally marked  higher  than,  and  in  some 
cases    double,    the    assessed    valuation. 

From  1911  to  1920,  the  assessed 
valuation  of  the  railroads  dropped 
from  $59,876,000  to  $45,935,800. 
The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
has  recently  announced  a  tentative 
valuation  of  the  steam  railroads  in 
Xew  Hampshire  as  of  Time  30,  1913. 
placing  it  at  $61,000,000,  to  which 
must  be  added  the  portion  of  their 
equipment  properly  assignable  to  New 
Hampshire,  thus  bringing  their  total 
value  to  about  $70,000,000.  In  1912, 
the  United  States  Census  valued  these 
properties  at  $76,000,000.  The  tax 
valuation  in  1913  was  $44,  520,000. 

It  may  be  contrary  to  the  public 
interest  to  increase  railroad  taxes  just 
now.  But  it  is  equally  important  that 
the  resulting  loss  of  public  revenue 
should  not  be  made  up  by  increasing 
the  burden  of  property  already  fully 
taxed  and  no  better  able  to  bear  it 
than  the  railroads.  This  applies  to 
farm  property,  whose  tax  valuation 
has  steadily  gone  up,  instead  of 
down ;  and  yet  farm  mortgages  in 
New  Hampshire  have  in  ten  years, 
increased  2  per  cent.,  while  the  num- 
ber of  operated  farms  has  decreased 
24  per  cent. 

Equalizing  of  taxation  depends  not 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE    DAY    BY    DAY 


253 


only  on  equal  valuation,  but  also  on 
not  allowing  anv  property  to  escape. 
In  1920  more  than  ' $20,000,000  of 
industrial    property    was    exempted. 

Intangibles.  Although  other  in- 
ventoried property  increased  100  per 
cent  in  ten  years,  this  class  was  in 
1920-  only  slightly  greater  than  in 
1910.  The  amount  of  intangible  pro- 
perty in  the  State  has  been  repeated- 
ly estimated  by  officials  and  students 
of  our  tax  system,  at  several  hundred 
million  dollars.  Only  a  minute 
fraction  pays  any  tax  whatever.  The 
man  who  own  a  farm  or  who  owns 
his  home  and  works  for  wages,  pays 
a  heavy  tax,  while  the  man  who  de- 
rives his  income  from  intangible  pro- 
perty contributes  little  to  the  cost  of 
the  Government.  An  equitable  tax 
on  intangibles  would  give  substantial 
relief  to  those  kinds  of  property  which 
are  now  fully  taxed. 

Deposits  in  Savings  Banks  is  one 
class  of  intangible  property  (amount- 
ing in  1920  to  $142,000,000),  which 
has  continuously  paid  a  substant- 
ial tax.  They  represent  the  hard- 
earned  accumulations  of  people  of 
small      and     moderate      means.     The 


average  deposit  is  less  than  $500.  In 
the  case  of  a  4  per  cent,  bank,  the 
tax  equals  an  income  tax  of  15  per 
cent.  There  is  no  justice  in  collect- 
ing such  a  high  tax  on  small  savings, 
while  big  investors  are  for  the  most 
part  allowed  to  escape  all   taxation. 

Stock  in  trade  of  merchants  and 
mills  and  machinery  were  assessed  in 
1908  at  55  per  cent  and  34  per  cent 
respectively  of  true  values.  By  1920 
the  valuation  of  these  classes  were  in- 
creased about  200  per  cent.  In  spite 
of  this  increase,  there  still  exists 
serious  undervaluations  in  the  opinion 
of  the  present  Tax  Commission- 
Farms  and  the  ordinary  home 
are  still  heavily  overtaxed  in  propor- 
tion to  other  property.  The  condition 
is  serious,  both  to  individual  and  the 
State.  The  important  industry  of 
farming  has  shown  a  serious  decline. 
A  change  in  our  tax  system  can  only 
come  as  a  result  of  general  public 
understanding.  There  should  be  a 
campaign  of  public  education.  The 
Farm  Bureau  should  prepare  a  con- 
structive program  for  action  by  the 
next  Legislature. 


THE  WHITE  FLOWER. 

By  Alice  Sargent  Krikorian. 

I   wandered   lone   upon   the   desert   strand, 
And  found  a  flower  white  upon  the  sand, 
"Mine,  mine  thou  art"  J  said,  "e'en  from  this  hour," 
I  knew  not  then,  'twas  Love  that  was  the  flower. 


Gone  is  the  flower  from   the  desert  place 
The  heated  winds  are  blowing  on   my  face 
But  yet  the  desert  is  not  wholly  bare, 
The  perfume  of  the  flower   lingers  there. 


:^?s-v 


i 


EDITORIAL 


We  hope  there  is  foundation  in 
truth  For  the  rumor  that  former 
Governors  Rblland  H.  Spaiilding; 
Robert  P.  Bass  and  Samuel  I).  Feik- 
er,  former  Congressman  Raymond  B. 
Stevens,  former  State  Senator  John 
G.  Winant  and:  other  men  qi  promi- 
nence in  state  affairs  will,  become  can- 
didates for  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives in  the  New  Hampshire  Legisla- 
ture of  1923.  .  Every  man  who  is 
Chief  Executive  of  the  state  for  two 
years  gains  thereby  experience  and 
knowledge  of  great  value,  to  the  com- 
monwealth, but  which  in  the  past  has 
very  rarely  been  made  of  such  use  as 
it  ;might  be.  •   . 

In  recent  years  retiring  Governors 
have  sent  messages  to  incoming  Leg- 
slatures  which  contained  recom- 
mendations and  suggestions  based  up- 
on facts,  not  theories,  which  the  new 
law-makers  would  have  clone  well  to 
heed.  But  it.  is  the  Chief  Executive 
just  inaugurated,  not  the  one  giving 
up  the  chair  at  the  head  of  the  table, 
who  has  the  greater,  influence  in 
molding  legislation.  From  most  as- 
pects this  situation  is  right,  just  and 
desirable.  It  does,  however,  retard 
the  continuous  onward  march  of  the 
state  because  of  a  lack-  -nf:  mutuaLum 
derstanding  between  the  executive 
and  legislative  brandies  of  the  govern- 
ment as  to  the  point  of  development 
which  has  been  reached  in  state  af- 
fairs, what  the  next  steps  should  be 
and  how  they  should  be  taken.        •' 

The  larger  the  number  of  members 
of  the  lower  house  who  have  had 
previous  experience  in  higher  posi- 
tions, the  broader  its  view  will  be  and 
the  greater  the  likelihood  -  of  early 
and .  effective  co-operation  -with 
the  new  leader  of  the  state. 

A  conspicuous  national  instance  of 
such  service  comes  at  once  to  mind  in 
the   case   of    John    Quincy    Adams    of 


Massachusetts;  .who;-  as  an  ex -Presi- 
dent t  of -the  .United  States,  was  a 
very  influential  and 'useful  member' of 
Congress  until  his  death. , . 

Of  former  .  Governors  ,  of,  X'ew 
Hampshire  now  alive  enily  two,  Hon. 
Xahum.  J .  Bachelder .  of  ,  East  Air  lov- 
er and  Hon:  Hemw  B.  Quinby  ,  of 
Lakeport,  are  enjoying  the  leisure  of 
well-earned  retirement,,;  .Others,  who 
are  ;  active,  but  not  eligible  for  service 
in  [the  New.  .Hampshire  Legislature 
because;  of  .other  engagements,  are 
United.  States*  Senator  Henry, |  \Y;. 
Keyes,-.  Firs.t;  A ssistant  ,:  Postmaster 
General  jol in  :  II .  Bartlett  , and , Chfdtr 
man  ,  Charles,  M.:  Floyd, of :  the  TSew 
I  Hampshire  State  Tax,  .  Commission. 
Governor  All >ert ;  O. ,  Brown,  .who  will 
.be  an  "ex",  after  the. convening  of 
the  next"  General  . .-,-  Court,  .- doubt- 
Jess  _..  will.  give,  .that  body .  j  as  m jich 
benefit ;.  from  ..his  ,  experience  \gi  two 
years  as.,  can  ;be  contained  ii]  a  vale- 
dictory; address, ,  -but  sit,,  w.ould, ..be  of 
very  great  benefit  to  the ^state,  if  his 
services  .couki  be.  .further  ,enli  steely  in 
.s;ome  way  for  such, important  tasks  as 
the  preparation  of  the  budget  bills 
and  the  revision  of  the  tax  laws. 

With  our  very  large  Legislature 
had  -our .  insistence  upon  rotation  in 
office.  New  Hampshire  comes  nearer 
than  any  'Other  state  in  the  Union 
to  giving  all  of  its  citizens  a  direct 
;  share  [  in  the  state1  government.  This 
approaches- -one!  of  the  ideals  of  de- 
mocracy and;  has  both  <a -theoretic  and 
an  ; actual-'  value  An  advancing  inter- 
est in,  and  knowledge  of,  public  af- 
fairs, among  the  mass  of  the  body 
politic.  -But'  it  also*  has  iits  manifest 
disadvantages  and  I  some-  of  these  can 
be  '•  overcome -- of>  --alleviated  by  the 
leavening  of  the  legislative  mass  with 
the  experience,  good  sense  and  for- 
ward look  of  such  men  as  those 
named   above. 


-2-s-s- 


BOOKS  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  INTEREST 


Mr.  Brookes  More,  whose  friendly 
interest  in  the  Granite  Monthly  is 
reciprocated,  we  feel  sure,  by  all  its 
readers,  is  engaged  in  the  interest- 
ing and  congenial  work  of  turning 
Ovid's  Metamorphoses  into  English 
blank  verse.  The  Cornhill  Publish- 
ing Company,  Boston,  issues  in  at- 
tractive form  the  first  fruit  of  these 
labors,  Book  I,  including  "The 
Creation,"  "The  Four  Ages,'' 
"Giants,"  "Lvcaon  Changed  to  a 
Wolf,"  "The 'Deluge."  "The  Py- 
thian Games,"  "Daphne  and  Phoe- 
bus" and  'To  and  Jupiter."  This 
neat  volume  is  listed  at  $1.25  and  is 
to  be  followed  by  a  larger  edition,  now 
in  process  of  preparation,  which  will 
include  the  first  five  books  and  will 
be  published  at  $3.50.  Mr.  Fred- 
erick Allison  Tupper,  in  a  brief,  but 
appreciative  introduction,  predicts 
that  Mr.  More's  work  will  become 
"the  standard  translation  of  Ovid 
for  the  English-speaking  world," 
because  in  it  "the  unparallelled  feli- 
city of  expression  and  the  matchless 
fluency  of  the  classic  poet  find  in 
Mr.  More  an  interpreter  so  compet- 
ent,   so    loval    and    so    felicitous." 


So-called  vital  problems  of  gov- 
ernment are  sadly  plenty,  just  now, 
not  only  across  the  water,  but  in  our 
own  country.  Some  of  these  troub- 
les may  be  bogies,  without  founda- 
tion or  substance  ;  but  some  of  them 
are  not;  and  one  of  those  which  we 
are  sure  is  not  is  the  question  of 
what  to  do  with  and  for  our  rail- 
roads, The  governors  of  all  the 
New  England  states  are  so  sure 
that  this  is  a  real  problem  of  imme- 
diate insistence  that  they  have  ap- 
pointed special  commissions  to  co- 
operate in  trying  to  work  out  ;a 
special  plan  for  the  transportation 
and  traffic  salvation  of  this  corner 
of  the  nation;  and  Governor  Brown 
of   New   Hampshire   has   succeeded 


in  securing  for  our  contribution  to 
this  conference  the  valuable  services 
of  Lester  F.  Thurber  of  Nashua. 
Arthur  II.  Hale  of  Manchester,  Ben- 
jamin W.  Couch  of  Concord.  Clar- 
ence E.  Carr  of  Andover  and  Prof- 
essor James  P.  Richardson  of  Han- 
over. Doubtless  all  of  these  gent- 
lemen and  the  other  members  of  the 
coming  conference  as  well,  have 
read  a  book  published  by  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons,  New  York,  this 
year,  at  $2.75,  entitled  "Railroads 
and  Government,  their  relations 
in  the  United  States.  1910-1921." 
But  if  any  of  these  conferees  or  any 
other  person  who  wishes  to  be  well 
posted  on  the  railroad  problem  has 
missed  this  volume  the  lack  should 
be  remedied  at  once,  for  it  gives 
the  best  back  ground  possible 
for  a  constructive  study  of  the 
future  of  our  transportation  machin- 
ery. It  is  easy  to  read  and  to 
understand,  yet  it  is  thoughtful, 
thorough,  and  complete.  It  is 
straightforward  and  plainspoken,  and 
yet  it  seems  to  us  fair  to  all  con- 
cerned. The  author,  Frank  H.  Dix- 
on, now  professor  of  economics  at 
Princeton  University,  held  a  similar 
position  at  Dartmouth  College  for  20 
years.  He  knows  whereof  he  writes 
and  if  what  he  lias  written  is  a  text- 
book, it  is  one  which  should  be  studied 
in  every  business  office  as  well  as  in 
every  class  room. 


The  tragic  note  in  "Dancers  in 
the  Dark,"  one  of  the  most  talked 
about  books  of  the  year,  is  furnish- 
ed by  Sarah,  who  was  the  first 
Woman  of  the  World  Joy  Nelson 
ever  had  known ;  but  who,  Joy 
found  out  later  when  she  learned  to 
call  her  Sal,  came  "from  a  little 
New  Hampshire  town,  was  the  vil- 
lage belle,  wore  spit  curls,  rhine- 
stone  combs  and  ail  that  sort  of 
things    till    some    underdone    Dart- 


convincing 
H.    Derail 

background. 
Company, 

The 
New 

George 
York, 

publishes 
at  $1.75. 

"Dancers   in 

the 

Dark" 

256  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

mouth    freshman   took   her   to   Win-  it   save  to  say  that  we  hope  her  next 

ter     Carnival     and     she     saw     she'd  story  will  have  a  less  lurid  and  more 

found     her     lifework."     What     that 

ii rework  .was    Miss    Dorothy    Speare, 

who   is,   we   think,  one   of  our    Lake 

Winnepesaukee    summer    residents, 

describes  very   frankly,  giving  a  word 

painting  of  our  younger  generation  n^i     at   ,-     i      t  i     ai        at    m- 

1    .  .       *».  %  .   <■    \  ^  nci<    Mary  by  lsia  May  Mulhns 

taking  the  easy  crescent  to  A  vermis  ,]»„•>    r>  ,  4  '.     ei  7C\    •  i 

.  .    fo  ,  4    .-,    •  ,        .         ,  (J  age.   boston,  .S1./5)    is  announced 

with  a  cocktail   m   one   nana  and   a  ^_  ..     „ . ,    i  ,-  , A  „        , 

'      '  .       .i         ,,         ,t         ■        ,  as     a  novel  for  young  or  old.     and 

cigarette    m    the    other    that    is    al-  iiin«    -     i     ,i      ,*  u     t 

&  -.     ,      ,  .           ,r,     .    •     .     .          .  those  in  both  classes  who  have  en- 
most  shocking.      1  hat   it  isn  t  quite  •    ,.    *    +1  „    t  nU     ,  .  f 

,  fe  i  joyed    the    half    dozen    stories    from 

so    is    because    we    know    so    manv  .."  ,  „,  fi      >  ,  .r  t 

,,  ,  i  ii  ...  -  tli  s  author  s  pen  previously  pubhsh- 
college  bovs  and  college  girls  who  ,  a  \n  i  i  i 
.  b  ^  ,  -  L.  ,.  .*?  fc  ,  eel  will  welcome  her  new  work. 
do  not  bear  the  slightest  resetnb-  -r-.  ,11  1  .1 
.  T  k  c?'-f  '  1  t-  v  -  those  who  have  made  the  acquain- 
tance to  errv  and  Sal  and  relicie,  ,  .  r  un  1  ■>  r  •»  v  c  -n 
r>  ,  *  -.  «,•  .  ,  ,  T,  tance  01  Uncle  Mary  before.  will 
to   i  ackv   and     1  wnikv    and     l.)um.  •         *     ,    ,  .    .     .       .,     ,-  ,               ,,. 

,   ,  1  •    1   '.1      1   .  be   glad   to    hear   that   her   wedding, 

and  because  we  think  the  latter  are  ■      T      ,^    ,    ,      .,      ,     ,      ,       .  & 

,     .       .  .        .  -  m  the  next  to  the  last  chapter,  was 

very  much   111   the  niinontv   in   spite  ««<i,„    u*  „*<>,*+     1    •  <i    <     c      r   1  1 

1  i         n.rrc       Intil        Sutit 

of  the  tremendous  amount  of  publi- 
city given  the  foolish  "dappers"  and 
their  kind.  Miss  Speare  writes 
well.     She  has  created  one  charact-  The  St.  Bot.olph  Society,  53  Bea- 

er,    "Jerry"    that    will    stay    in    the  con    Street,    Boston,    has    issued    a 

mind    longer    than    most    figures    of  new  edition  of  "Omar  the  Tentmak- 

modern  fiction.     Her  descriptions  of  er,"      the      historical      romance      by 

Bohemian    Boston     are   almost   dupli-  Nathan  Haskell  Dole  first  published 

cated   by    newspaper   reports   of   re-  in  1898.     When  one  thinks  how  few 

cent  investigations  by  coroners  and  of  the  thousand  books  that  saw  the 

detectives  at  the  Hub.     So  we  can  I'ght    in    that    year    still    retain    life, 

not  take   many   exceptions  to  either  the    evidence    of    the    merit    in    Mr. 

her  material  or  her  manner  of  using  Dole's    story    is    realized. 


'the    biggest    doings    that    Sunn  eld 
ever   saw." 


DAY  DREAMS. 

By  Sarah  Jackson. 


In  summer  when  the  sky  is  bright 
The  sea  pounds  up  with  all  its  might 
Upon   the  beach  of  beaten   sand. 
As   if   it   quarreled    with   the   land. 

I   seem  to  hear  it  hiss  and  roar 
As  if  to  scare  the  helpless  shore, 
But  after  all  is  said  and  done 
The   quiet  shore   has  really   won, 


POEMS  257 

STORMS. 

By  Ruth  Bassctt. 

I've  listened   to   the   wind   to-night  and   heard   the  rain- 
drops  tear 
Against  the  window  where  I  sat  and  leave  a  message 
there ; 

While  thro'  the  howling  of  the  storm,  the  church-bells 
called   to  prayer. 

And   this    I      prayed — that      should      von    hear,      wherever 
you   may   be — 
The  sobbing  of  the  wind  to-night,  so  wild  and  mourn- 
fully— 

It  is  ni)   own  voice  calling  you  to  hasten  back  to  me. 

The  anas  of  night  are  my  two  arms  reached  out  across 

the  years; 
You'll    find    the    dark    enfolding    you    with    trembling 

hopes   and   fears ; 
And  feel  the  rain  against  your  face  and  know  it  is  my 

tears. 


THE  TEAR  THAT  SAYS  GOOD-BY. 

By  Frank  R.  Bagley. 

Child    of    emotion,    without    taint     of    passion,     leagued 

with  the  heart  alway. 
Ever  on  edge  when  sentiment's  in  action  where  purity's 

the  order  of  the  day. 
Responsive   never  to   a   pang   that   cheapens;    quick    to 

arise,  leap   forth   and    brim   the   eye 
When  the  heart  calls,  then  the  tear  falls, — the  tear  that 

says   good-by. 

O  symbol  of  the  best  that  lies  within  us,  born  of  a  heart- 
throb  when   a   loved-one's   dying! 

The  last,  long  kiss,  and  then  the  pure  drop  welling, — 
the  overflow  of  grief  too  deep  for  sighing. 

The  love  of  Christ  himself  is  in  thy  making,  the  purity 
of  angels  hovering  nigh, 

When  from  a  chamber  of  the  soul  thou  stealest, 

O  loyal,  yearning  tear  that  says  good-by ! 


258  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

TO  A  HAMADRYAD. 

'By  Walter  B.  IVo'fe. 

Since  none  will  listen  to  my  verses 

I  shall  garland  the  slender  birch  tree 

Standing   at    the    edge   of   the    meadow 

With  a  crown  of  flowers  and  fillets  of  wool 

And  -sing'  my  merriest  songs 

To   the   smiling  hamadryad 

Whose    laughter   I    have   heard   often 

In  the  high  green   branches. . . . 


SUMMER  TIME. 

Mary  E.  Partridge. 

Butterflies,   Roses,   and   Sunshine, 

BrooUets  that  sparkle  and   flow 
Birds    in    the    treetops    are    singing. 
Meadows  are  all  a-blow. 

Dew  drops  a-quiver  on.  clover, 

Swallows   are    circling   the   sky, 

Fairies   and   fireflies  are  dancing 
Wherever   the   moonbeams   lie. 

Summertime,  Summertime's  coming, 
Murmuring  of  insect  and  bee. 

Softlv    the   south   wind    is   bringing 
Its  message  to  you  and  me. 


AS  A  TIEL  TREE  AND  AN  OAK. 

(Isaiah— 6:13)' 

By  Eleanor  Kenley  Bacon. 

Lord,  as  a  tiel   tree   and   an  oak 
Whose   substance    is    in    them — Invoke 
In  me  the  perennial  power  to  cast 
Off  useless  leaves  that  clog  my  past — 
And  let  me  stand  unfettered,  free 
My  future  dedicate  to  Thee. 

Give  me  the  guerdon  best  on  earth 
That  lovely  lucre,  inward  worth, 
Heaven's    currency !     The   only   gold 
That    man    in    innocence    can    hold. 
And  let  me  spend  my  spirit's  hoard 
Only   to  magnify  thec,   Lord. 


c2^f 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  NECROLOGY 


SAMUEL    E.    PINGREE. 

Samuel  Everett  Pingree,  in  whose  re- 
markable life  and  record  New  Hamp- 
shire and  Vermont  took  equal  pride,  was 
born  in  Salisbury,  August  2,  1S32.  the 
son  of  Stephen  and  Judith  (True)  Pin- 
gree. He  graduated  from  Dartmouth 
college  in  1857\and  was  the  permanent 
secretary  of  his  class.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  Vermont  bar  in  1859,  settled  in 
Hartford,  Yt.,  in  I860,  and  there  resided 
until  his  death,  June  1.  He  was  town 
clerk  throughout  his  residence  in  Hart- 
ford except  for  the  time  spent  in  the 
army  during  the  Civil  War,  for  which 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  on  the  call  of 
President    Lincoln    in    Company      F,    Third 


The  late  Governor  S.  E.  Pixgree. 

Regiment,  Vermont  Volunteers.  He  was 
promoted  to  lieutenant,  captain,  rhajur 
and  lieutenant  colonel.  On  April  15, 
1862,  at  Lees  Mills,  Va.,  he  led  his  company 
across  a  deep  and  wide  creek  and  drove 
the  enemy  out  of  the  rifle  pits,  which  were 
within  two  yards  of  the  farther  bank 
keeping  at  the  head  of  his  men  until  he  had 
received  two  severe  wounds.  He  was  sent 
to  the  hospital  in  Philadelphia,  but  rejoined 
his  command  as  soon  as  permitted.  For 
his  gallantry  in  that  fight  he  was  given  the 
Congressional  medal  of  honor.  On  his  re- 
turn to  civil  life,  in  July  1864,  Colonel 
Pingree  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  and 
uioji  pDAJOsl866   to    1869   as    State's    attor- 


ney for  Windsor  County.  He  also  raised 
the  8th  Keginient  of  Vermont,  organized 
militia,  and  was  continued-  as  its  colonel 
until  it  was  disbanded.  He  was  always 
a  Republican,  although  not  very  active 
until,  in  1868,  he  was  chosen  as  a  delegate- 
at- large  to  the  National  convention  at 
Chicago  which  nominated  General  U.  S. 
Grant  for  his  first  term  as  President.  In 
1882  Col.  Pingree  was  elected  Lieutenant 
Governor,  and  in  1884  he  was  chosen  Gov- 
ernor by  the  largest  vote  ever  given  to 
any  candidate  for  that  office  up  to  that 
time.  At  the  end  of  his  term,  in  1886,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  newly  created  office 
of  chairman  of  the  State  Railway  Com- 
mission, a  position  which  he  held  eight 
years,  retiring  in  1894.  He  was  an  en- 
thusiastic member  of  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic,  and  was  one  of  the  f  uuders 
of  the  Reunion  Society  of  the  Vermont 
Officers  of  the  Civil  War,  and  its  president 
for    a    long    term    of    years. 

September  15.  1859,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Lydia  M.  Steele  of  Stanstead,  P.  Q., 
by  whom  he  is  survived,  with  one  son, 
William  S.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  fraternity  and  of  Phi 
Eeta  Kappa. 


JOHN   QUINCY  ADAMS. 

John  Quincy  Adams  was  born  in  Dublin, 
October  18,  1827,  and  died  in  Peterborough, 
March  22,  1922.  His  education  was  gain- 
ed in  the  town  schools,  in  which  he  himself 
was  subsequentlv  a  teacher  for  s^me 
years.  He  wras  for  many  years  selectman 
of  Peterborough ;  member  from  that  town 
of  the  legislature  of  1885  ;  member  of  the 
school  board  for  several  terms.  Since  1906 
he  had  been  president  of  the  Peterborough 
savings  bank  and  was  also  a  director  of  the 
national  bank  there.  His  vocation  was  that 
of  a  farmer  and  during  his  active  life  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Grange.  He  belonged 
to  the  Unitarian  church  and  the  local  history 
ical  society.  A  daughter,  Mary  M.  Adams, 
is  the  only  survivor  of  his  immediate 
family. 


WILLIAM  H.  MANAHAN. 

One  of  the  most  picturesque  and  potent 
uersonalities  in  the  New  Hampshire  of 
the  past  half  century  was  William  Henry 
Manahan,  who  died  in  Hillsborough  June 
13.  Ho  was  'the  youngest  and  last  of  a 
family  of  eight  children,  the  son  of  John 
and   Lucintha    (Felch)    Manahan,   and  was 


260 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


born  in  New  London  March  31,  1840,  In 
addition  to  his  town  school  education,  he 
was  a  student  at  Colby  academy  and 
Eaton's    Commercial    college    at    Worcester. 

Fie  learned  the  machinist's  trade,  'ate1'  be- 
coming a  practical  draftsman,  which  he 
followed    for    a    number    of    years. 

In  1862  he  located  at  Hillsborough  Lower 
Village,  engaging  in  the  lumbering  and 
milling  business,  later  adding  furniture 
manufacturing.  He  also  engaged  in  real 
estate    operations    and    from    this    took    up 


In  1889  he  was  a  member  of  the  Constitu- 
tional Convention.  He  was  the  first  Rep- 
ublican elected  to  the  Legislature  in  114 
years.     He    was    town    moderator     fo  r    12 

Mr.  Manahan  possessed  a  large  stock  of 
historical  anecdotes  which,  combined  with 
his  pleasing  oratory,  made  him  eagerly 
sought  as  a  public  speaker  at  all  town 
celebrations. 

March  31.  1862.  he  married  Fannie  Har- 
riett   Chafnn    of    H olden,    Mass.,    who    sur- 


»:...■•:;      _     -    ..      .■       .  _  -    ■•  .(F 


The  late  W.  H.  Manahax. 


public  selling  in  which  profession  he  be- 
came one  of  the  best  known  auctioneers 
in  New  England.  His  specialty  was  tim- 
ber, which  he  could  estimate  very  accurate- 
ly, farm,  city  blocks  'and  beach  property. 
He  conducted  sales  in  all  the  New  England 
states  and  made  several  trips  to  the 
South  for  this  purpose.  He  possessed  a 
commanding  figure,  a  fine  voice  and  an  un- 
usual   command    of    language. 

In  1885-86  he  represented  his  town  in  the 
Legislature  and  here  his  command  of  ora- 
tory made  him  prominent  as  a  debater  and 
as   an  advocate  of  conservative  legislation. 


vives  him.  On  March  31,  they  celebrated 
their  60th  wedding  anniversary  as  well 
as    Mr.    Manahan's   82nd   birthday. 

He  leaves  three  children,  Mrs.  Josephine 
Fuller  of  Hillsborough,  Mrs.  Gertrude 
Adams,  wife  of  Dr.  Adams,  of  Wollaston, 
Mass.,  and  \V.  H.  Manahan,  Jr.,  of  Hills- 
bo  rough. 


JAMES   C.  SIMPSON. 

James  Clifford  Simpson  was  born  in 
Greenland,  May  27,  1865,  and  died  at 
his   residence   in   New   York  City  June    11. 


NEW   HAMPSHIRE   NECROLOGY 


261 


He  graduated  frdm  Dartmouth  college  in 
1887  and  took  up  educational  work,  serv- 
ing as  principal  of  the  high  school  at 
Bellows  Falls.  Vt.,  as  superintendent  of 
schools  at  Portsmouth  and  as  a  trustee 
of  .the  state  nonnial  school  at  Plymouth. 
Tn  1897  he  entered  the  i  employ  of  the 
educational-  publishing  house  of  D.  C. 
Heath  &  Company  and  since  1910  had 
been  its  vice-president  and  a  member  of 
the  board  of  directors;  acting  as  general 
manager  of  the  New  York  office.  Mr. 
Snupson  was  a  Mason,  a  member  of  the 
Theta  Delta  Chi  fraternity  and  of  the 
University  (.dub,  Boston,  the  Maine 
Society  of  New  York  and  the  National 
Educational  Association.  He  is  survived 
by  his  widow,   Mrs.  Lena  Allen  Simpson. 


Miss    Fir 


Dextei 


i    Windsor 


v  JEREM IAH    E.    AYEK.S. 

Jeremiah  E.  Avers  was  born  in  Canter- 
bury. Feb.  2,  1838,  and  died  in  Denver,  Co!., 
May  4.  'He  graduated  from  Dartmouth 
College  in  1863  and  taught  for  two  years 
in  Portsmouth  and  seven  years  in  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa.,  before  removing  to  Denver, 
where  he  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  that 
city  and  vicinity,  making  extensive  real 
estate  and  agricultural  developments.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  Colorado 
College  and  an  active  worker  in  the  Pres- 
byterian church  and  Bible  school.  He  is 
survived  by  his  widow,  who  was  Miss  Anna 
Rea  of  Pittsburg;  two  daughters.  Mrs. 
Harry  C.  Riddle  and  Mrs.  Lucy  A.  Smith; 
a  sister.  Miss  Lucy  C.  Avers  o*  W-oon- 
socket,  R.  I. ;  a  brother.  Rev.  W.  H.  Avers 
of  Los  Angeles,  Calif.;  five  grandchildren 
and  two  great-grandchildren. 


GEN.  W.  E.  SPAULDING. 

\Yilliam  Edward  Spauldiag  was  born  in 
Nashua,  Dec.  13,  1860,  son  of  the  late 
Mayor  John  A.  and  Josephine  (Eastman) 
Spaulding.  He  was  educated  in  public  and 
private  schools  of  that  city  and  early  en- 
tered the  employ  'of  the  First  National 
Bank,  of  which  his  father  was  the  head, 
and  of  which  William  E.  Spaulding  was 
for  many  years  cashier.  Fie  served  in  the 
city  council,  as  city  treasurer  and  for  40 
years  as  treasurer  of  the  Wilton  Railroad. 
He  was  an  officer  of  the  .crack  City  Guards 
military  company  of  Nashua,  was  at  one 
time  adjutant  of  the  Second  Regiment,  N. 
H.  N.  G.;  and  served  on  the  staff  of  Gover- 
nor Charles  H.  Sawyer.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Algonquin  Club  and  the  B.  A.  A.  in 
Boston,  where  he  died  on  May  22  and 
where  he  had  been  engaged  in  the  antique- 
business   for  some  years.     His  widow,  who 


Locks,    Conn.,   a    son.    Dexter   Edward,  and 
a    daughter,    Sylvia,    survive    him. 


EUGENE    P.    NUTE. 

Eugene  P.  Nute  was  born  in  Farming- 
ton,  June  14,  18-52,  the  son  of  Congress- 
man Alonzo  and  Mary  (Pearl)  Nute, 
ami  died  in  the  same  town  May  16 
Lie  was  educated  at  Colby  academy,  New 
London,  and  Phillips  academy,  Andover, 
Mass..  and  upon  attaining  manhood  en- 
gaged with  his  father  in  the  manufact- 
ure of  shoes,  so  continuing  for  twenty 
years.  A  Republican  in  politics,  he  rep- 
resented his  town  in  the  Legislature  of 
1883  and  from  1898  to  1914  was  United 
States  marshal  for  the  district  of  New 
Hampshire.     This    office    he    resigned    to 


The   late  Eugene   P.   Nute. 

become  secretary  of  the  New  Hampshire 
board  of  underwriters,  a  position  which 
he  filled  with  great  ability  until  his  last 
illness.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Loyal 
Legion,  of  the  Masonic  order  and  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias.  Mr.  Nute  married 
June  4,  1881,  Nellie  S.  Parker  of  Farming- 
ton,  by  whom  he  is  survived,  with  their 
two  sons,  Stanley  and  Harry,  and  one 
daughter,  Molly;  and  a  brother,  Alonzo 
I.  Nute.  Few  men  had  as  large  an 
acquaintance  in  New  Hampshire  or  as 
large  a  number  of  friends  as  did  Mr. 
Nute.  His  kindly  helpfulness  was  un- 
failing; and  his  dignified,  yet  genial,  per- 
sonality was   most   attractive. 


■      :    ■ 

Tax    Free   in   New    Hampshire,    Vermont.    Massachusetts   and    Connecticut 

ImIKAL  POWER  AID  Llifl]  ukrAl 

(A   Massachusetts   Corporation) 

T*  CUMULATIVE  PREFERRED 

PAR  VALUE  $100 
Preferred   as   to   Assets  and   Divdends 

All   outstanding    Preferred    Stock    CoHab't.    on    any    dividend    payment    date    at    105 
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CAPITALIZATION 

(As  of  August  31,  1921   giving  effect  to  recent   financing  and   acquisition 

of    11    properties)  j 


\  Authorized  Outstanding* 

17c   Cumulative   Preferred   Stock    $1,500,000  $  713,008 

Common    Stock 1,000,000  866.300 

Secu-ed  77c  Notes,   Due   1921-1930    1,067,500  1,067,500 

First  Mortgage  and  Prior  Lien  67  Bonds  5,000,000  1,836,000 
*tn    hands    of    public. 

EA RNINGS  STATEMENT 

Years  Ending  Gross  Net  Gicss  j 

Dec.  31,   1920  1.837.401  404,124  22%  j 

Aug.  31,   1921  1.960924  491,489  25%  | 

Oct.    31,   1921  1.977,054  519,992  26% 

Dec.  31,   1921  2,015,275  547,560  27c/o  I 

SALIENT  FEATURES 

PROPERTY  VALUE  apnroyimately  $5,887  000— after  deducting  ppr  value  bonds 
and  notes  outstanding  valuation  remaining  is  nearlv  three  times  the  amount  of 
Preferred   Stock  outstanding. 

EARNINGS  over  FIVE  TIMES  Preferred  Stock   requirements. 
Net  Earnings  (after  bond  and  note  interest)  must  be  two  and  one-half  times  divi- 
dend requirements  if  additional  stock  is  issued. 

Properties   located   in   the    rapidly   growing   states   of    Texas,    Missouri,    Oklahoma     ! 
and  Arkansas,  serving  a  total  population  of  over   155000. 

Very  experienced  and  able  management,  with  record  of  successful  operation. 
PRICE — $87.50  and  Accrued  Dividend  to  Yield  8%. 

ALONZO  ELLIOTT  &  COMPANY 

INVESTMENT  BANKERS 

ESTABLISHED   1S9C  "         TEI.    952  INCORPORATED!  1009 

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New  B  ai     . 


ilE 


■  IK  THIS  E  . 
E  QF  NEW  HAMPPHISEB  SETTI  !  IT 

By  John  Scales,  A.  Bf. 


HARLAN  C.  PEARSON,  PubUshe? 

.'.CONCORD,  N/H.      . 


j!  mis  Nu       .. ,  20  Cents 


$2,00  a  Yei 


Entered  at  the  post-office  at  Concord,  N,  H-,  as  second-class  mail  matter 


3LbS~JZkH 


K    5 

P   2 


H  £ 


M? 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Vol.   LIV 


AUGUST,    19: 


No.   8. 


THE  VENDUE  AT  VALLEY  FARM 


i~'v   Emma    Wm 


(The  following  sketch  describes  a 
typical  day  in  the  life  of  the  'ate  William 
H.  Manahan  of  Hillsborough,  whose 
portrait  and  biographical  sketch  appear- 
ed in  the  July  Granite  Monthly.  The 
frontispiece  of  this  number,  from  a- 
picture  by   New  Hampshire's  distinguish- 


ed    artist,     Frank 


has     Mr. 


Manahan    as    its    central    figure. — Editor) 

The  day  set  for  this  momentous 
event  was  a  per&ect  one.  The  silk- 
velvet  leaves  nodded  in  curtsey  to 
each  other.  The  birds  sang  -their 
love  songs  of  praise.  At  ten  o'clock 
the  house  and  grounds  had  become 
the  Mecca  of  the  good  people  of  this 
and  the  surrounding  towns.  Every 
post,  tree  and  fence  rail  within  sight 
was  the  custodian  of  a  team.  A 
silver-tongued  orator  of  imposing 
stature,  one  of  Hillsborough's  finest, 
was  here  to  perform  the  last  rites  at 
this   altar. 

After  the  manner  of  vendues — 
they  were  never  called  "auctions"  in 
thoce  days — there  were  first  sold  the 
least  valuable  articles  of  farming 
tools,  many  of  them  having  outlived 
their  usefulness;  wagons  'that  had 
stood  under  the  old  apple  trees  for 
years;  the  old  grindstone;  a  sleigh 
brought  down  from  the  barn-loft 
with  many  a  grunt  from  the  farm- 
hand;, the  horse  rake  of  the  vintage 
of  twenty-five  years  ago,  the  old- 
fashioned  flail  and  plow,  and  harrow, 
all  replaced  now  by  more  modern  in- 
ventions to  lighten  labor;  odd  barrels, 
piles  of  bricks,  horse  shoes  that  may 
or  may  not  have  brought  good  luck, 
boxes  full  of  nails,  and  other  odds 
and  ends,  accumulation  of  the  thrifty 
Newr  Englanders;  household  utensils 
and    furniture,    much    of    wdiich      had 


been  stored  in  the  unfinished  chamber 
of  the  wood-shed,  scattered  bits  of 
wooden  and  other  wares.  coming 
from  whence  no  one  knew ;  all  of 
which  had  lost  their  names  as  well 
as  the  knowledge  of  the  part  they  had 
played  in  the  farmer's  round  of 
duties. 

There  was  a  pictureless  frame, 
which  a  wag  seized  and  placed  in 
front  of  a  beautiful  woman  standing 
immediately  adjacent  to  the  com- 
mander of  the  day.  His  ready  res- 
ponse was  to  tempt  the  highest  bid- 
der by  his  apt  quotation  of  the 
"beautiful  picture  in  the  golden 
frame." 

There  was  demand  even  for  the 
common  things,  the  proof  being  the 
goodly  prices  they  brought  under  the 
persuasive  tongue  of  the  fluent  auc- 
tioneer, who  certainly  was  not  there 
to  look  for  any  lack  of  quality.  A 
good  share  of  this  truck  and  junk 
was  the  contribution  of  neighbors 
who  always  improved  such  an  op- 
portunity to  get  rid  of  some  of  their 
undesirable    savings   of   the   years. 

A  buffalo  coat  the  rear  all  worn 
off,  held  up  by  the  shoulders  with 
the  front  view  exposed  was  disposed 
of  at  a  goodly  price  to  a  prudent  man 
who  bragged  that  these  "darn  auc- 
tioneers"  never   beat   him. 

Then  came  the  more  valuable  com- 
modities, arousing  the  keener  interest 
of  the  audience,  and  the  evident  satis- 
faction of  Sir  Auctioneer  wdio  was 
in  his  happiest  mood.  Beautiful 
horses  were  pranced  up  and  down  the 
drive-way  for  our  admiration,  and  to 
tempt  the  pocket-book  of  the  house- 
holder.    Sleek   kine   and   of   as   many 


266 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


eo'ors  as  Joseph's  coat  were  placed 
on  exhibition,  and  changed  owners 
at  what  seemed  almost  fabulous 
prices.  Grunting  swine  were  coaxed 
from  their  native  heath  to  demand 
attention.  Farm-yard  fowl.  sheep 
and  lambs  passed  in  review  and  dis- 
appeared under  new  ownership. 

Our  interest  was  not  so  much  in 
the  vendue  itself,  or  the  desirability 
of  the  article  being  sold,  as  it  was  to 
catch  the  wording  of  the  auctioneer's 
pat  description  of  no  matter  what 
the  common-place  object.  The  roll- 
ing pin  suddenly  became  invested 
with  unusual  value,  and  his  "give  me 
thirty !  give  me  thirty"  was  as  sonor- 
ous and  inspiring  as  an  epic  from  the 
Georgics. 

After  the  manner  of  the  country 
vendue  the  noon-hour  was  an  espec- 
ial feature,  and  made  a  picnic  for  the 
families  gathered  there.  All  of  this 
company  h;  d  their  dinners  with  them. 
Every  wagon  load  had  its  lunch- 
basket  filled  and  overflowing  with  the 
good  things  of  the  pantry,  which 
make  the  Grange  dinners  and  Church 
suppers  of  this  time  of  H.  C.  L.  pale 
into    insignificance. 

The  farmer's  wife  holds  first  place 
with  her  loving,  genial  friendliness, 
having  no  time  nor  inclination  for 
the  shams  of  the  present  day.  We 
occasionally  received  a  loving  pat 
from  those  capable  hands  which 
cheers  us  on  our  way,  and  eases  up 
our  nerves  in  this  day  of  criticism, 
censure  and  jealousy. 

Thus  we  ate  our  dinner,  with  our 
childen  playing  near  by,  casting  an 
anxious  eye  lest  they  wander  to  the 
heels  of  the  horses  or  to  the  river's 
bank  that  has  too  often  lured  the  un- 
suspecting to  their  undoing.  This 
is  the  only  wickedness  our  beautiful 
river  ever  committed,  becoming  the 
sacrificial  .altar  of  many  souls  who 
have  ventured  too  near  the  edge  and 
"rocked  the  boat."  So  we  satisfied 
the  calls  of  hunger,  while  we  talked 
of    the    past,    its    comforts    and    satis- 


faction, as  if  the  present  held  none 
of    its   allurements. 

My  readers  who  are  familiar  with 
the  custom  and  attractions  of  the  old- 
fashioned  country  vendue,  remember 
the  trips  to  be  made  to  that  rendez- 
vous dedicated  to  "Saint  Coffee,"  us- 
ually a  wash-boiler,  where  a  master 
hand  dealt  out  to  devotees  of  this 
patron  saint  the  liectar  offered  at  this 
particular  shrine,  together  with  crack- 
ers and  cheese  to  those  who  had  no 
dinner  basket  to  flee  to. 

Some  acquaintance  who  had  been 
absent  for  a  considerable  time  would 
give  us  that  kindly  hand-clasp  that 
would  make  the  arm  ache  for  a  vari- 
able time  afterwards,  and  not  the  two- 
finger  a  la  cod-fish  kind  we  have  no 
desire  to  remember.  So  we  visit  from 
group  to  group. 

At  1.30  the  farm  itself  was  to  be 
sold,  and  the  hour  had  approached 
when  we  could  hear  at  a  distance  the 
eloquent  auctioneer  warming  up  to  his 
prologue,'  so  we  walked  to  nearer 
range  through  the  lane  with  its  beauti- 
ful running  vines  covering  the  idio- 
syncracies  of  the  rough  board  fence; 
the  elderberry  and  the  running  black- 
herry  as  the  foundation,  and  over  all 
the  frills  of  wild  columbine  with  the 
milkweed  uprearing  its  thrifty  beams 
to  make  the  frame-work  more  sub- 
stantial. The  whole  was  a  marvel- 
ous display  by  the  master  artist, 
Nature. 

As  we  came  up  to  join  the  outer 
circle  of  that  amphitheatre  and  within 
good  hearing  distance,  the  orator  of 
the  day  was  describing  the  beauties  of 
the  place;  its  wonderful  situation  hem- 
med in  by  the  Deering  hills ;  the 
matchless  valley  with  its  far-reaching 
advantages;  its  varying  possibilities; 
its  historical  charm,  with  relics  of  the 
ferry  by  which  the  early  pioneers 
crossed  the  swollen  stream  in  the  days 
of  the  Red  Men;  (an  auctioneer's  li- 
cense of  the  facts,  1  suppose!);  the 
adjacent  village,  which  had  sprung 
into  existence  like  a  mushroom  in  a 


THE  VENDUE 


267 


night;  and  finally,  the  river-— the  swift- 
flowing  river,  which  held  the  key  to 
manufacture,  another  term  for  pros- 
perity !  In  his  mind's  eye  he  saw  a 
chain  of  mills  extending  up  and  down 
the  rapids  to  this  farm,  and  below! 
What  a  market  they  would  bring  to 
the  farmer,  for  his  produce  to  feed 
the    teeming   thousands. 

At  this  juncture  a  smart  competi- 
tion began  between  two  old  time 
dwellers,  one.  of  whom  lived  on  the 
mountain  peak  in  the  north  part  of 
the  town.  To  him  the  impassioned 
auctioneer  was  directing  his  eloquence. : 

"James,  when  we  go  to  see  you  we 
take  a  long  hard  drive  up  Monroe 
hill,  which  wearies  our  horses  'and 
taxes  the  time  and  patience  of  us  who 
go  up  and  down  the  earth,  hustling 
after  our  daily  bread.  Here  we  can 
ride  down  most  any  day,  partake  of 
your  hospitality  and  your  wife's  boun- 
teous cocker}'.  Your  daily  toil  will 
be  easier.  You  can  perform  your 
work  by  .machinery,  where  you  now 
do  manual  labor.  The  river  will  glad- 
den your  eye  and  comfort  your  heart. 
In  time  the  thriving  village  will  en- 
croach on  your  land,  so  that  you  can 
command  a  higher  price  for  such  as 
you  wish  to  dispose  of,  while  the  rest 
will  be  greatly  enhanced  in  value." 

Possibly  influenced  by  this  glowing 
rhetoric  if  not  argument,  James  raised 
the  bid  another  hundred,  and  immedi- 
ately the  voluble  auctioneer  turned  to 
his  rival  giving  expression  to  another 
even  stronger  claim  to  that  bidder, 
who  immediately  raised  the  price  an- 
other hundred. 

By  this  time  the  spectators  were 
agape  with  the  keenest  interest.  James 
moved  uneasily,  as  if  anxious  to  es- 
cape the  searching  gaze  of  the  man 
on  the  block,  wdio  was  truly  laboring 
zealously  to  earn  his  fee,  big  as  it  no 
doubt  was. 

Finally,  in  spite  of  his  efforts  to 
avoid  him,  James  came  under  the  di- 
rect cannonade  of  the  speaker,  who 
led  the.  cohorts  of  his  tongue  against 


the  hesitating  bidder,  one  who  knew 
the  full  worth  of  a  dollar  and  was  not 
easily  beguiled  by  the  allurements  of 
a  silver-tongued  orator. 

"Do  you  realize,  James,  that  you 
are  standing  on  the  threshold  of  a 
golden  opportunity,  such  as  will  never 
open  to  you  again  during  your  days. 
even  should  you  live  to  be  as  old  as 
Methuselah  or  as  good  as  Elijah. 
Should  you  neglect  this  golden  oppor- 
tunity, on  your  way  home  to-night 
Monroe  hill  will  rise  like  a  mountain 
before  you,  and  your  good  horse  will 
look  back  to  vou,  saving  reproaching- 
ly : 

"Master,  why  did  you  not  end  this 
uphill  journey  and  rest  in  the  valley, 
where  the  cooling  dews  of  summer 
will  send  their  fragrance  and  the  cold 
winds  of  winter  never  find  you?" 

"Ah,  1  see  your  countenance  lighten 
with  the  wisdom  of  your  good  head, 
and    I    hear  you   say  'one  hundred.'  ' 

Driven  thus  to  the  corner  Ray  nod- 
ded, and  once  more  the  speaker  turn- 
ed the  fire  of  his  eloquence  upon  the 
other,  who  was  an  easier  victim,  and 
bid  his  hundred  quickly. 

Great  beads  of  perspiration  stood 
out  like  huge  jewels  on  the  ruddy 
countenance  of  the  auctioneer,  but 
without  even  stopping  to  brush  these 
aside  with  his  big  handkerchief,  he 
kept  up  his  incessant  fire  of  language, 
as  if  knowing  that  the  crisis  was  near 
at  hand,  and  to  falter  now  would  be 
fatal. 

With  another  burst  of  lightning 
speech  he  fairly  raised  by  sheer 
strength  the  bidder  from  beyond  Mon- 
roe hill  another  substantial  step,  and 
then  the  other  man,  as  if  he  had  made 
up  his  mind  to  be  the  successful  bid- 
der, added  a  hundred  to  the  sum  al- 
ready involved.  This  time  Ray  hal- 
ved '  his  bid,  when  his  competitor 
risked  the  other  half. 

Here  the  bidding  stopped.  Paint 
what  picture  he  might  he  could  not 
get  another  nod  from  the  head  of 
James.    Evidently  the  cautious   farm- 


268  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

er  had  reached  his  limit.     At  last  the  would    not    have    missed    it    for    good 

ominous  words  "Going —going — going  money. 

—  three  times — and  GONE!"  And  now  warned  by  the  lengthen- 
Then  the  silver-toned  orator,  sprang  ing  shadows  of  the  afternoon,  the 
down  from  his  perch  and  mopped  his  owners  of  the  teams  began  to  line  up 
streaming  features  upon  the  big  red  along  the  roadside,  and  fifteen  min- 
handkercbief  which  Had  ikme  similar  utes  later  silence  and  solitude  reigned 
service  many  times.  He  seemed  sat-  where  only  a  short  time  since  the 
isned.  and  well  he  might.  Even  the  crowd  had  listened  to  the  eloquent 
rest  of  us,  who  had  done  nothing  hut  pleadings  of  that  prince  of  old-time 
gape  and  wonder,  drew  a  breath  of  vendue  orators, 
relief,    glad    it    was    over,    though    we 


OLD  HOME  FLOWERS 

By  Alice  L.  Martin. 

A  bunch  of  damask  roses  sent 

To    bring    good    cheer    and    sweet    content 

But  coming   from  the  garden  there, 

They  bring  to  memory  dreams  more  fair- 

The  old  home  faces,  one  by  one, 

Come  trooping  back  with   days  long  gone. 

The  Old  Home  stands  as  long  it  stood ; 
The  meadow,   and,   beyond,  the  wood : 
And   Mt.  Monadnock,  stern,  serene. 
Its  outline  dim,  the  haze  a  screen, 
And  hanging  like  a  curtain  fold 
To  soften,  dim,  the  outline  bold. 

The  long,  low,  living  room  I  see. 
The  table  spread  as  though   for  tea ; 
A  mother,   standing   by  her   chair, 
While  all  the  children  gather  there ; 
A  plentiful   repast  and  good, 
Home   cooking,    and    fresh   garden    food. 

There  on  the  por  h  there  in  the  gloom, 

To  watch  the  risi  ig  of  the  moon — 

The    whip-poor-wdl    and    night-hawks    cry — 

The  after-glow  that  leaves  the  sky 

And    brings    the    voices    of    the    night 

When   stars  come  peeping   clear   and   bright. 


6&j 


THE  DATE  OF  THE  FIRST  PERMANENT 
SETTLEMENT  IN  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


Bv  John  Scales.  A.  P.,  A.  M. 


I  have  read  and  carefull v  con- 
sidered the  article  in  the  Granite 
Monthly  for  June,  1922,  by  EI  win 
L.  Page.  regarding  the  date  of  the 
first  permanent  settlement  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  is  correct  in  reach- 
ing the  conclusion  that  it  was  at 
Dover,  and  before  1630.  1  propose 
in  this  article  to  present  reasonable 
evidence  that  the  Historian,  Wil- 
liam Hubbard,  made  a  correct  state- 
ment of  the  date,  that  Edward  and 
William  Hilton  came  to  Dover 
Point  in  the  spring  of  1623,  and 
commenced  the  permanent  settle- 
ment there,  which  has  continued 
to  the  present  day.  The  reader 
will  please  bear  in  mind  that  the 
year  1622,  and  all  the  years  before 
that,  and  for  a  century  after  that, 
did  not  end  till  March  25.  So  if 
David  Thomson's  settlement  at 
Little  Harbor  is  to  be  counted  as 
the  first  permanent  settlement, 
then  the  date  for  New  Hampshire 
is  1622,  instead  of  1623.  for  it  is 
quite  certain  Thomson  arrived  at 
Little  Harbor  and  commenced 
building  his  house  before.  March  25. 

It  is  an  acknowledged  fact  that 
on  Nov.  3.  1620.  King  James 
granted  to  certain  Englishmen  the 
charter  for  the  ....  "Council  of 
Plymouth  for  the  planting,  order- 
ing, ruling  and  governing  New. 
England  .  in  America."  That  cor- 
poration was  in  business  fifteen 
years,  and  then,  1635,  gave  back  its 
charter.  During  those  years  it 
granted  nine  patents,  or  charters. 
The  first  was  to  Captain  John 
Mason,  March  9.  1620-21.  'four 
months  after  the  Council  com- 
menced business.  The  last  one  was 
also  to  Capt.  Mason,  April  22, 
1635,  from  which  New  Hamp- 
shire  received   its   name,   and    from 


Which  the  farmers  at  Dover  got, 
and  had  to  fight,  man}-  law  suits, 
which  Captain  Mason's  grandson 
brought  against  them,  claiming  he 
owned  the  land,  and  they  were  only 
tenants,  like  the  farmers  in  Eng- 
land, who  had  to  pay  rent  to  the 
Lords  of  the  great  manors.  This 
grandson  claimed  he  was  lord  of 
all  present  territory  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  the  boundary  line  be- 
tween it  and  Massachusetts  was  not 
finally  settled  till  in  the  last  decade 
of   the   19th   century. 

The  third  grant  was  given  in  the 
spring  or  early  summer  of  1622,  to 
David  Thomson.  who,  as  the  re- 
cord shows,  was  then  messenger,  or 
special  agent,  of  the  Council  in  its 
dealings  with  the  King  and  Parlia- 
ment.    The     patent     was    for 

"A  point  of  Land  in  the  Pascata- 
v  ay  River,  in  New  England,  to 
David  Thomson,  Mr.  Jobe  and  Mr. 
Sherwood."  This  shows  that  Mr. 
Thomson  had  been  here  and  was 
acquainted  with  that  river  and  the 
points  of  land  in  it.  There  is  a 
point  of  land  in  Dover,  in  that  river, 
which  has  always  been  called 
"Thomson's  Point"  during  three 
centuries.  There  is  no  other 
Thomson  from  whom  it  could  have 
received  its  name.  It  is  the  point 
where  a  seine,  or  net,  was  drawn 
across  the  river  in  the  season  when 
salmon  and  alewives.  and  other 
fish  went  up  the  river  to  spawn,  in 
spring  time.  In  that  early  period, 
and  until  the  colonists  built  dams 
at  the  falls  above,  and  began  to 
^ive  fish  sawdust  to  feed  upon,  the 
Pascataway  River  had  immense 
schools  of  those  fish  come  up  the 
river  and  the  fishermen  caught 
them  in  that  net.  No  doubt  Mr. 
Thomson,    Jobe    and    Sherwill    had 


270 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


big  crews  of  fishermen  stationed 
there  in  the  season,  and  of  course 
they  had  to  have  dwellings  and 
"stages"  for  the  workmen,  so  there 
was  a  "temporary"  .settlement.  As 
late  as  1648  "Thomson's  Point 
House"  is  on  ihc  Dover  tax  list  for 
one  pound  and  four  shillings. 
There  is  no  house  there  now.  and 
has  not  been  for  many  years,  but 
Dover  can  lay  claim  to  the  first 
temporary  settlement,  as  well  as 
for  the  first  permanent  settlement, 
the  one  in  1622  and  the  other  at 
Dover  Point  (for  a  long  time 
called  .Hilton's  Point)  in  1623. 
. .  The  fourth  grant  was  issued  to 
David  Thomson  alone,  October  16, 
of  1622,.... for  "six  thousand  acres 
of  Laud  and  an  island  in  New  Eng- 
land." No  mention  of  the  locality 
of  the  6,000  acres,  but  from  later 
transactions,  on  record,  it  is  known 
to  have  meant  an  island  in  Boston 
Harbor,  which  has  ever  since  been 
cailed  "Thomson's  Island,"  It  is 
very  evident  Mr.  Thomson  had 
made  up  his  mind  to  locate  the 
land  on  the  .west  side  of  the  Pas- 
cataqua  River  as  he  had  already 
selected  a  "point  of  laud  in  Paseat- 
away  River."  and  had  been  granted  a 
patent.     He    wanted    some    more. 

Near  the  first  of  December,  1622, 
an  .  indenture  was  drawn  up  be- 
tween Mr.  Thomson  and  three  rich 
merchants  of  Plymouth,  Abraham 
Colmer,  Nicholas  Sherwell  and 
Leonard  Pomeroy,  in  which  those 
gentlemen  agreed  to  join  with  Mr. 
Thomson  in  financing  the  under- 
taking, and  share  in  the  profits, 
which  seemed  to  be  promising  to  be 
large.  The  indenture  is  published 
in  full  in  the  annual  report  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society, 
in  the  summer  of  1876.  The  paper 
had  been  read  before  the  Society 
in.  the  preceding  winter  by  Mr. 
Charles  Deane.  It  is  very  inter- 
esting,, and  is  one  of  the  most  valu- 
able of  early  documents.  In 
brief: — The     merchants     agreed     to 


furnish  the  ship  "Jonathan  of  Ply- 
mouth" and  a  crew  of  men,  to  take 
Mr.  Thomson  and  the  company 
across  the  Atlantic,  with  provi- 
sions and  other  necessary  tilings 
for  building  a  house  and  begin- 
ning a  settlement,  in  the  winter  of 
1622.  It  was  also  agreed  that 
within  three  months  following, 
in  the  year  1622,  they  would 
send  another  ship,  the  "Provi- 
dence of  Pymouth"  with  another 
company  of  men.  with  provisions, 
etc..  to  further  aid  in  making  the 
settlement.  On  this  ship  came 
Edward  and  William  Hilton,  and 
probably  Mr.  Pomeroy,  as  the  cove 
where  the  ship  was  landed  was 
named  " Pomeroy 's  Cove,"  and  has 
retained  that  name  to  the  present 
day.  It  is  now  cut  in  two  parts, 
by  the  Dover  and  Portsmouth  rail- 
road. For  the  first  century  of  Do- 
ver that  was  the  shipping  point  for 
Dover  Neck  and  Dover  Point.  At  one 
period  Major  Richard  Waldern  had 
a  large  warehouse  there,  from 
which  he  shipped  merchandise  to 
the  West  Indies,  and  ports  in  the 
Mediterranean      sea.  Dr.      Walter 

Barefoot,  later  known  as  Governor 
Barefoot,  also  had  a  warehouse  and 
dock  there,  near  Walderms.  Bare- 
foot was  then  a  resident  physician 
in  Dover. 

As  is  well  known  the  settlement 
at  Little  Harbor  did  not  pay,  and 
Thomson  went  to  his  island  in  Bos- 
ton Harbor  in  1625  or  1626,  and 
there  resided  till  his  death  in  Dec- 
ember 1628.  That  left  the  6,000 
acres,  or  such  a  part  of  it  as  belong- 
ed to  them,  by  the  indenture,  on 
the  hands  of  the  Plymouth  mer- 
chants, and  they  kept  the  Hiltons 
at  work  at  Dover  Point.  That  is 
to  say,  the  three  merchants  of  Ply- 
mouth, Colmer,  Sherwell  and  Pom- 
eroy, received  their  title  to  the  land 
from  David  Thomson  by  indenture  ; 
Edward  Hilton  received  his  title  to 
it  from  the  Plymouth  merchants, 
who  got  out  of  the  unprofitable  bar- 


SETTLEMENT  IN   NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


271 


gain  with  Thomson  as  best  they 
could.  Hilton  had  his  title  renewed 
and  confirmed  by  the  Council  of 
Plymouth,  by  the  Squamscott  Pa- 
tent of  1629,  which  they  gave  him. 
Captain  Thomas  Wiggin's  colonists 
who  came  over  in  1633,  and  com- 
menced the  settlement  on  Dover 
Keck,  received  their  title  to  the  land 
from  Hilton.  Those  colonists  or- 
ganized a  town  government,  and 
divided  the  land  amongst  them- 
selves and  new  comers,  who  might 
be  judged  worthy  to  become  citi- 
zens. The  legal  ownership  of  all 
land  in  old  Dover  was  given  by  that 
town  organization,  in  the  way  c>f 
"grants."  Old  Dover  consisted  of 
Dover,  Somersworth.  Durham  (Oys- 
ter River),  Lee,  Madbury,  and  New- 
ineton  (Bloody  Point).  Rollins- 
ford  was  part  of  Somersworth.  till 
184'-).  Of  course  there  was  a  lot 
of  dickering  and  trading  in  which  a 
multitude  of  names  are  mentioned, 
in  one  way  or  another,  but  the 
above  statement  is  the  simple  way 
of  explanation  which  leads  the 
reader  out  of  a  wilderness  of  trans- 
actions. The  organization  of  New 
Hampshire  was  of  a  later  transac- 
tion. Dover  is  fifty  years  older  than 
New  Hampshire.  In  the  old  records 
there  is  no  mention  of  New  Hamp- 
shire till  1680  when  the  scheme 
was  started  to  separate  the  Pascat- 
aqua towns  from  Massachusetts, 
and  make  them  a  separate  province, 
in  which  courts  could  be  organized 
that  might  confirm  the  Mason  heirs' 
claim  to  ownership  of  Dover  farms, 
under  the  1635  patent  given  to  Cap- 
tain John  Mason,  which  has  the 
name  New  Hampshire  in  it. 

Under  the  circumstances  in  wdiat 
better  way  could  Mr.  Hubbard  state 
the  facts  of  the  beginning  of  the 
Pascataqua  settlement  than  he  did 
in  the  following,  copied  from  his 
history:  "For  being  encouraged 
by  the  report  of  divers  mariners  that 
came  to  make  fishing  voyages  upon 


the  coast,  as  well  as  the  afore  men- 
tioned occasion  (establishing  the 
Py mouth  Council),  they  sent  over 
that  year  (1623)  one  Mr.  David 
Thomson  with  Mr.  Edward  Hilton 
and  his  brother  Mr.  William  Hilton, 
who  had  been  fishmongers  in  Lon- 
don, with  some  others  along  with 
them,  furnished  with  necessaries  for 
carrying  on  a  plantation.  Possibly 
others  might  be  sent  after  them  in 
years  following.  1624  and  1625; 
some  of  whom,  first  in  probability, 
seized  on  the  place  called  Little 
Harbor,  on  the  west  side  of  Pasca- 
taqua River,  toward  or  at  the  mouth 
thereof;  the  Hiltons  in  the  mean- 
while setting  up  their  stages  higher 
up  the  river,  toward  the  northwest, 
at  or  about  a  place  since  called 
Dover.  But  at  that  place  called  the 
Little  Harbor,  is  supposed,  was  the 
first  house  set  up,  that  ever  was 
built  in  those  parts ;  the  chimney 
and  some  part  of  the  stone  wall 
(cellar  wall)  is  standing  at  this 
day."  Mr.  Hubbard  probably  wrote 
that  about  1650,  as  it  is  the  first 
part  of  his  manuscript  which  is  now 
in  the  possession  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Historical   Society. 

As  regards  the  name  of  the  settle- 
ment of  Dover.  All  the  time  it  was 
under  Edward  Hilton's  management 
the  settlement  is  called  Pascataqua 
or  Pascataway.  When  Captain  Thom- 
as Wiggin's  colonists  'commenced 
business  they  called  it  Bristol. 
Later  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev. 
Thomas  Larkham,  who  had  been 
minister  of  the  Church  at  Northam, 
England,  the  name  changed  to  Nor- 
tham, about  1639,  and  that  name  was 
used  for  a  dozen  years,  or  more. 
At  some  time  under  Massachusetts 
rule  the  name  of  Dover  came  to  be 
used.  No  rea'son  has  yet  been 
found  why  that  name  was  adopted. 
None  of  the  old  settlers  came  from 
Dover,  England.  Properly  the 
name  Pascataqua  ought  to  have  been 
given  the  State,  and  it  should  have 


272 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


extended  from  the  Merrimack  to  the 
Kennebec  River. 

In  1628  Thomas  Morton  was  at 
the  head  of  a  settlement  at  "Merry 
Mount,"  (Wallaston)  and  was  sel- 
ling firearms  and  ammunition  and  rum 
to  the  Indians,  which  caused  much 
trouble.  Guv.  Bradford  of  Ply- 
mouth ordered  him  to  desist.  Mor- 
ton would  not.  Bradford  sent.  Capt. 
Miles  Standish.  and  a  company  of 
militia,  to  arrest  Morton.  Standish 
did  so  and  Morton  was  sent  to  Eng- 
land for  trial  and  punishment.  The 
expense  of  the  affair  was  12  pounds 
and  7  shillings.  The  payment  was 
apportioned  among  the  settlements 
along  the  coast,  from  Plymouth  to 
the  extreme  settlement  on  the  Maine 
coast,  as  follows, — Plymouth  2 
pounds  and  10  shillings ;— -Nauui- 
keag  ( Salem)  one  pound  10  shill- 
ings;— Jeffrey  and  Rursclem  2 
pounds; — Nantasket,  one  pound  and 
10  shillings  ; — Blackstone  at  Shaw- 
mut  (Boston)  12  shillings; — Ed- 
ward Hilton  one  pound  ; — his  men 
at  Pascataqua  2  pounds.  That 
shows  that  Dover  was  then  one  of 
the  wealthiest  settlements  in  New 
England.  There  was  no  other  set- 
tlement, on  either  side  of  the.  Pasca- 
taqua River,  at  that  time.  This 
shows  the  settlement  was  not  a  re- 
cent affair ;  the}'  had  been  in  busi- 
ness there  five  years  and  had  p"os- 
pered.  hand  over  fist,  in  trading 
with  the  Indians  and  catching  and 
curing  fish.  Next  to  the  Isle  of 
Shoals,  it  was  the  lest  place  "or 
fishing  along  the  coast. 

Mr.  Page  discredits,  or  doubts,  the 
correctness  of  the  statement  of 
William  Plilton,  Jr.,  made  in  1660, 
that  he  and  his  mother  came  to 
Dover  Point  soon  after  his  father 
and  uncle  Edward  had  commenced 
the  settlement  there,  in  1623.  It  is 
a  matter  of  record  that  William  Hil- 
ton, Sr.  arrived  at  Plymouth  Nov. 
11,  1621,  in  the  ship  "Fortune. " 
He  was  well  received  and  given  a 
grant  of  one  acre  of  laud.     In   1622 


he  returned  to  England  and  made 
preparations  for  his  wife  and  child- 
ren. William  and  John,  to  cornc  over 
to  Plymouth  in  1623,  and  for  him- 
self to  come  with  his  brother,  Ed- 
ward in  the  "Providence"  to  the 
Pascataqua  River.  It  is  a  matter 
of  record  that  Mrs.  Hilton  did  arrive 
in  Pymouth,  in  the  ship  "Anne." 
July  1623.  She  was  well  received, 
and  in  due  time  an  acre  of  land  was 
granted  to  her  and  the  children. 
Thev  remained  there  till  the  summer 
of   1624. 

As  previously  explained,  in  speak- 
ing oi  David  Thomson,  William 
Hilton  came  over  in  the  ship  "Provi- 
dence" of  Plymouth,  in  the  spring 
of  1623.  He  did  not  take  his  wife 
and  children  with  him,  because  they 
couldnot  be  properly  cared  for,  but 
in  1624,  after  they  had  built  dwel- 
ling houses  at  Dover  Point  (as  we 
now  call  it)  he  went  to  Plymouth  to 
get  his  family.  He  applied  to  the 
Church  to  have  his  son  John,  then 
about  two  years  old,  baptized,  but 
the  request  was  denied,  on  the 
ground  that  he  was  not  a  member  of 
the  Plymouth  Church.  Thereupon 
he  and  his  family  came  up  the  Pas- 
cataqua, and  they  never  had  any 
more  dealings  with  the  Plymouth 
Colony,  or  Church.  So,  as  William 
Hilton,  Jr.  says  in  his  petition  of 
1660, — "and,  in  a  little  tyme  follow- 
ing, settled  ourselves  upon  yr  River 
of  Paschataq  with  Mr.  Edward  and 
William  Hilton,  who  were  the  first 
English  planters  there."  That  is 
to  say  the  "little  tyme"  was  from 
the  summer  of  1623  to  the  summer 
of  1624.  No  mystery  about  that 
statement.  It  settles  the  question 
beyond  doubt  that  the  settlement  at 
Dover  Point  was  in  the  spring  of 
1623,  or  it  may  have  been  June. 
Probably  David  Thomson  got  his 
house  built  at  Little  Harbor  a  few- 
months  before  Edward  Hilton  had 
his  habitation  in  order,  so  Hubbard 
is  correct  in  saying, — "But  at  that 
place,   called   the    Little    Harbor,   it 


SETTLEMENT  iNr  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


273 


is  supposed  was  the  first  house  set 
up,  that  was  ever  built  in  those 
parts;  the  chimney  and  some  part 
of  the  stone  wail,  is  standing  at  this 
day"    (about    1650.) 

'William  Hilton  did  not  build  his 
house  on  Dover  Point,  but  as  soon 
as  he  had  investigated  the  territory 
on  both  sides  of  the  river  he  decid- 
ed  to  make  a  bargain  with  the  In- 
dians,  then   owners  of  what  is  now 
Eliot,  and  bought  their  ''corn  held/' 
and    land    around    it,    and    buiit    his 
house    there ;    directly    aqross    Pasca- 
taqua      River    from      Dover      Point ; 
there    was    his    residence    till    1632, 
when  he  was  dispossessed  by  Captain 
Walter  Neal,  ''governor"  of  the  set- 
tlement    begun   at    Strawberry   Bank, 
by    Captain      John    Mason      in    1630. 
The     famous     "Laconia"     company. 
They      claimed    their      charter      gave 
them  the  land  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Pascataqua    River,    so    ousted    Mr. 
Hilton,   and   gave    it    to   one    of   the 
Laconia      Company's      men.     There 
was  no  court  to  protect  Hilton  in  his 
rights,  till    1653.       The   Province     of 
Maine   came   under   the   jurisdiction 
of  Massachusetts  in  November,  1652, 
and  the  Court  Records   of  Oct.  25, 
1653     show     that     William     Hilton 
recovered   judgment     in  the   sum     of 
one     hundred     and     sixty     pounds 
against  Ann  Mason,  executrix  of  the 
Will    of    Captain    John    Mason    of 
London,  deceased.     Of  this  sum  50 
pounds,   were  "for  the     interest      for 
his  land,  which  the  defendant  took 
from  him,  and  for  the  vacancy  of  one 
year's   time,   and   cutting   down   his 
house,    and    for    other    injuries,    ten 
ponds,  and   for  the   interest  for  the 
whole  sixty  pounds  for  the  term  of 
one  and  twenty  years,  one  hundred 
pounds.": — Twenty    one    years    car- 
ries us  back  to  1632,  the  time  when 
Williatn    Hilton   was   planting   corn 
just    across    the    river    from    Dover 
Point.     Various    old    records    speak 
of  this   "old  corn   field"  as  belonging 
to   William   Hilton  till  he   was   dis- 


possessed  by  the  Laconia   Company's 
Governor,    Walter   Neal. 

After  he  was  driven  out  of  Eliot 
William  Hilton  was  busy  with 
business  in  Dover  and  vicinity. 
In  1636,  he  and  his  son,  William, 
obtained  the  grant  of  land  at  Pen- 
nacook  from  the  Indian  Sagamore 
Tahanto.  In  1644,  he  was  Deputy 
for  Dover  in  the  Massachusetts 
General        Court.         He        received 


John  Scales,  A.  M. 
grants  of  land  from  the  town  of 
Dover.  He  was  in  business  at 
Exeter  a  while.  In  1646  he  be- 
came a  resident  at  Warehouse 
Point,  Kittery,  and  his  residence, 
for  the  rest  of  his  life,  was  in  Kit- 
tery and  York.  An  honored  and 
able  man  he  died  at  York  in  1656. 
William  Hilton,  Jr.,  was  born 
in  England  in  1615,  hence  was  nine 
years  old  when  he  and  his  mother 
came  to  Dover  Point  to  live.  A 
boy  of  that  age  would  have  no 
difficulty  in  remembering  his  trav- 
els with  his  parents.  Now,  what 
did  he  say  about  it?  His  petition 
to  the  General  Court  was  as  fol- 
lows. Date  1660. — "To  the  Hon- 
ored    General     Court,    now   assem- 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


bled  at  Boston,  the  petition  of 
William  Hilton  humbly  showeth : 
"Whereas  your  petitioner's  fa- 
ther, William  Hilton,  came  over 
into  New  England  about  the  year 
Anno  Doin.  1621,  &  your  petitioner 
came  about  one  year  and  a  halt" 
after  (July  1623)  and  in  a  little  tyme 
following-  (one  year;  settled  upon 
yr  River  of  Paschataq  with  Mr. 
Edward  Hilton,  who  were  the  first 
English  Planters  there.  William 
Hilton  having  much  intercourse 
with  the  Indians  by  way  of  trayed 
&  mutual  giving  &  receiving, 
amongst  whom  one  Tahanto,  Saga- 
more of  Penacooke,  for  divers  kind- 
nesses, received  from  yr  petioner's 
Father  &  himself,  did  freely'  give 
unto  ye  aforesaid  William  Hilton, 
Scniour  &  William  Hilton,  Juniour, 
six  Miles  of  Land  lying  an  ye  River 
Penneconaquigg",  being  a  rivulette 
running  into  Penacooke  River  to  ye 
eastward,  ye  said  Land  to  be  bound- 
ed as  may  bee  most  for  ye  best  ac- 
comodation of  yr  sd  petitioner,  his 
heyeres  &  assignes.  The  said  Ta- 
hanto did  also  give  to  ye  said  father 
&  son  &  to  their  heres  forever,  two 
miles  of  ye  best  Meddow  Land  lying 
on  ye— north  east  side  of  ye  River 
Pennecooke,  adjoining  to  ye  sd 
River,  with  all  ye  appurtenances, 
which  said  tract  of  Land  &  Med- 
dow hath,  were  given  in  ye  pre- 
sence of  Fejld  and  severall  Indians. 
in  ye  year  1636.  At  which  tyme 
Tahanto  went  with  ye  aforesaid 
Hiltons  to  the  Lands  arid  thereof 
gave  them  possession.  All  of  wch 
is  commonly  known  to  ye  Ancient 
Inhabitants  at  Paschatq  ;  and  for 
the  further  confirmation  of  ye  sd 
gift  or  grant  your  petitioner  hath 
renewed  deeds  from  ye  said  Tahan- 
to;  &  since  your  petitioner  under- 
stands that  there  bee  many  grants 
of  Land  lately  given,  there  about, 
to  bee  layed  out : — And  lest  any 
should  be  mistaken  in  chooseing 
their  place  &  thereby  intrench  apon 
yr  petitioner's  rights,  for  preventing 


whereof :—  -Your  petitioner  humbly 
craveth  that  his  errant  may  bee  Con- 
firmed by  this  Court,  and  that  A. — 
Ik  — -C. — ,  or  any  two  of  them,  may 
be  fully  Impowered  to  sett  forth  ye 
bounds  of  all  ye  above  mentioned 
Lands  &  make  true  returne  whereof 
unto  this  Honored  Court.  And 
your  Petitioner,  as  hee  is  in  duty 
bound,  will  pray  for  your  future 
welfare    &    prosperity. 

"Bos torn  June  1.  1660.  The  Com- 
mittee having  considered  the  con- 
tents of  this  petition,  do  not  judge 
meet  that  ye  Court  grant  ye  same. 
but  having  considered  the  petition- 
er's ground,  for  ye  approbaccon  oi 
ye  Indian's  grant  doe  judge  meet 
that  300  acres  of  sd  Land  bee  sett 
out  to  ye  Petitioner  by  a  Committee 
chosen  by  this  Court,  so  as  that  it 
may  not  prejudice  any  plantation, 
ec  this  as  a  fin  all  end  &  issue  of  all 
future  claims  by  virtue  of  the  grant 
from  the   Indians." 

...  Thomas   Danforth 
.  Elea  Lusher 
Henry  Bartholomew 

The  Magists  approve  of  this  return 

if  theire  ye  Depu'ts  Consent  hereunto. 

Edward  Rawsox,  Secretary. 

Consented  to  by  ye  Deputies. 

7  William   Torry,   Chris. 

(Endorsed).  The  Petition  of  Wil- 
liam Hilton,  entered  with  ye  Magis- 
trates, 30  May  1660,  &  ex.pd'ents 
Tahanro's  Deed  and  p.  Mr.  Dant.  Wil- 
liam Hilton's  petition  entered  &  refer- 
red to  the  Committee. 

At  the  time  this  petition  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Court  Mr.  William 
Hilton,  jr..  was  a  resident  of  Charles- 
town,  Mass..  and  he  was  well  known 
by  the  General  Court.  For  the 
-clearer  understanding  of  the  evi- 
idence  I  will  give  a  brief  of  the 
career  of  William  Hilton,  Jr.  He 
was  born  in  England  in  1615.  He 
c  ame  over  to  Plymouth,  Mass.  with 
his  mother  in  1623.  He  came  up  to 
Dover  Point  with  his  parents  in  the 
summer  of   1624.     Pie   resided   with 


SETTLEMENT  IX  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


:o 


his  parents  at  the  farm,  just  across 
the  river  from  !  )over  Point,  where 
his  father  had  purchased  an  Indian 
"corn  field,"  as  before  stated.  Of 
course  he  lived  and  worked  as  all 
the  other  hoys  of  the  period  had  to 
do.  When  he  was  twenty-one  he 
was  a  partner  with  his  father  in 
the  purchase  of  the  Tahanto 
Indian  land.  About  that  time  he 
married,  and  settled  in  Newbury, 
Mass.  He  became  one  of  its  promi- 
nent citizens,  and  held  various  town 
offices,  being  Representative  for 
Newbury  in  the  General  Court.  He 
had  quite  a  large  family  of  children. 
His  wife  died  in  1657,  and  later 
he  married  and  had  another  family 
of  children.  In  1654  he  removed  to 
Charlestown,  Mass.  and  resided 
there  till  his  death  in  1675.  aged 
60  years.  He  was  a  man  of  much 
ability.  The  old  records  show  that 
among  other  occupations  he  was  a 
navigator  and  a  cartographer. 

In  conclusion  I  will  give  a  brief 
sketch  of  Rev.  William  Hubbard, 
the  historian,  who  declares  in  his 
"General  History  of  New  England" 
that  Edward  and  William  Hilton 
commenced  the  settlement  at  Dover 
Point  in  1623,  and  it  was  the  first 
permanent  settlement  in  New 
Hampshire.  He  was  born  in  Eng- 
land in  1621,  and  came  over  to  New 
England  when  he  was  a  boy,  and 
was  educated  at  Harvard  College, 
graduating  in  the  hrst  class  that  in- 
stitution sent  out.  That  was  in  1642; 
there  were  nine  in  the  class,  and 
Hubbard  ranked  third,  as  appears  in 
the  catalogue.  At  graduation  he 
was  21,  and  like  all  young  graduates 
engaged  in  teaching,  and  soon  com- 
menced studying  for  the  ministry. 
He  was  a  natural  born  historian, 
and  so  commenced  collecting  and 
arranging  facts,  and  incidents,  as 
he  found  them  in  old  records  of 
Gov.  Winthrop  and  others,  and  also 
obtained  from  interviews  with  the 
"Ancient  Inhabitants."  Any  one 
who    has    engaged    in    historical,    or 


genealogical  work,  knows  how  he 
had  to  get  his  material,  and  facts,  by 
hard  and  continual   work. 

In  1655  he  became  associate 
'minister  ot  the  Church  at  Ipswich, 
Mass.,  and  held  the  office  of  min- 
ister from  1666  till  his  death  in 
1704.  So  he  was  contemporary 
with  William  Hilton,  Jr.  He  was 
also  contemporary  with  Edward 
Hilton,  uncle  of  William,  Jr.,  as 
Edward  lived  at  Exeter  during  the 
last  thirty  years  of  Ins  life,  and 
died  there  in  December,  1671.  It 
is  absurd  to  suppose  Mr.  Hubbard 
did  not  consult  those  gentlemen 
in  his  search  for  facts  regarding 
the  beginning  of  the  Dover  settle- 
ments. There  need  be  no  'doubt 
he  consulted  those  men  and  got  the 
statement  direct  from  Edward 
Hilton  himself,  that  Edward  and 
William  Hilton  came  to  Dover 
Point  in  1623.  So  the  statement 
in  his  history  is  correct. 

Mr.  Hubbard  finished  the  manu- 
script of  the  history  in  1682,  and 
sold  it  on  October  11  of  that  year. 
The  General  Court  voted  that  day 
to  give  him  fifty  pounds  for  it. 
The  first  publication  of  it  was 
made  in  1815,  by  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society.  The  manu- 
script had  been  consulted  by  all 
writers  after  1682.  The  Rev.  Dr. 
Jeremy  Belknap  is  among  the  num- 
ber. So  when  it  came  into  the 
hands  of  the  Historical  Society  the 
editors  say, —  "Of  the  MS  copy  a 
few  pages  at  the  beginning  and  end 
are  mutilated,  and  the  writing  in 
some  places  is  scarcely  legible. 
These  passages  are  given  as  far 
as  the  editors  could  spell  them 
out.  Where  they  have  supplied 
words,  or  portions  of  words,  con- 
jectural!}-, such  are  printed 
in  italics.  Where  they  were  at  a 
loss,  they  have  used  asterisks." 
The  MS  is  well  written  and  has 
336  pages.  The  story  of  Dover 
begins  on  page  141  and  occupies 
ten  pages.     There  are  no  italics  or 


76 


THE- GRANITE  MONTHLY 


The  reading  is 
is  in  possession 
setts  Historical 
among  the  first 
ird  wrote,  a  Her 
Boston.        Later, 


asterisks  in  it. 
perfect.  The  MS 
of  the  Massach 
Society.  It  was 
topics  Mr.  Hub! 
Plymouth  and 
when  the  ecclesiastical  troubles  be- 
gan at  Dover  Meek,  Mr.  Hubbard 
gives  a  more  elaborate  notice  of 
affairs  at  Pascataqua.  He  was  al- 
ways special!}"  interested  in 
Church  affairs,  so  gave  only  a  brief 
of  the  beginning  at  Dover  Point  by 
the    ETiltons. 


ginning    of    settlements 


He  says,  of  the  be- 
"At  pres- 
ent therefore  (I  shall)  only  insist 
upon  what  is  most  memorable 
about  the  first  planting  thereof. 
after  it  came  first  to  be  discovered 
(John)  Smith,  and 
employed  on  that  de- 
the     year     1614     and 


by  Captain 
some  others, 
sign,      about 


1615." 

To    give 
and    concise 


the  readers  a  clear 
understanding  of  the 
evidence  presented  in  this  paper,  I 
give    the    following    briefs. 

1.  Before  1622  David  Thom- 
son had  been  here  and  located  the 
Pascataqua  River,  and  made  up 
his  mind  what  to  do.  In  June  or 
July,  1622,  he  obtained  from  the 
Council  of  Plymouth  a  grant. — "A 
Point  of  Land  in  the  Pascataway 
River  in  New  England.'"  There  is 
such  a  point  which  to  this  day 
has  always  been  called  "''Thom- 
son's Point."  It  had  a  house  on 
it,  which  was  on  the  Dover  Tax 
list  as  late  as  1648,  where  is 
the  statement. — "Thomson  Point 
House,  one  pound,  4  shillings," 
tax. 

2  Oct.  12,  1622.  the  Council  of 
Plymouth  gave  David  Thomson 
another  grant, — "Six  thousand 
acres   and   an   island."  By     later 

transactions  it  was  shown  that  the 
island  is  in  Boston  Harbor.  No 
mention  of  where  he  was  to  select 
his  6,000  acres.  Evidently  he  had 
settled   that   question   when    he   was 


over  here  and  looked  out  the  "Point 

of  land."  It  is  on  record  that  he 
did  come  over  here  and  make  a 
settlement     at     Little     Harbor,      in 


1623.    but    in      1625,     o^ 
changed     Ins    permanent 


1626. 


to    the     island 


in 


residence 
Boston    Harbor, 


he    died   in 
it     appears 

Thomson    had    two    temporary 


and  there  resided  till 
December.  162S.  So 
David 

residences  in  New  Hampshire,  the 
first  of  which  was  in  Dover,  in 
1622.  Those  who  want  authority 
on  this  matter  are  referred  to  the 
annual  report  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society  for  1S76,  Charles 
Dean  obtained  the  paper-  from 
Hon.  Robert  C.  Wimhrop,  who  in- 
herited   it    from    Ins   ancestors. 

3  William  Llilton,  Jr..  gives  re- 
liable testimony,  that  settles  the 
question  of  date,  as  in  the  spring 
of  1623,  by  Edward  and  William 
Hilton. 

4  Rev.  William  Hubbard,  au- 
thor of, — "A  General  History  of 
New  England,"  gives  record  of  the 
fact  that  Edward  and  William  Llil- 
ton commenced  the  permanent  set- 
tlement of  New  Hampshire  at 
Dover  Point  in  1623.  Mr.  Hub- 
bard had  ample  opportunity  to  ob- 
tain the  information  direct  from 
Mr.  Edward  Hilton,  as  they  were 
contemporaries,  Mr.  Hubbard  in 
Ipswich  and  Air.  Hilton  in  Exeter. 
There  was  constant  intercourse 
between  those  towns. 

5  As  further  proof  that  Dover 
was  settled  before  1630,  is  a  re- 
cord of  1628,  when  Edward  Hilton 
paid  one  pound  as  his  share  of  the 
expense  of  arresting  Thomas  Mor- 
ton and  sending  him  to  England, 
and  the  other  settlers  there  with 
him,"  names  not  mentioned,  paid 
two  pounds,  .showing  that  Dover 
Point  had  the  most  wealth  of  any 
settlement  in  New  England  at 
that  time.  Of  course  they  had  not 
then  just  commenced  business.  They 
had  been  at   it  five  vears.     At  that 


SETTLEMENT  IX  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


277 


time  there  was  no  other  settle- 
ment on  either  side  of  the  Pascata- 
qua   River. 

6  The  Squamscoti  Patent  of 
1629,  which  was  given  by  the 
Council  of  Plymouth  to  protect 
Hilton  from  aggressions  from  the 
Laconia  Company,  whose  territory 
was   all   around   his    land,   acknowl- 


edges the  land  belonged  to  Hilton 
and  his  company.  He  obtained  his 
original  possession,  as  a  pan  of 
Thomson's  6,000  acres  through  the 
merchants  of  Plymouth,  who  fi- 
nanced Thomson's  venture  at  Lit- 
tle Harbor  and  Thomson's  Island, 
Boston   Harbor. 


THE  ROAD 

By  L.  Adelaide  Sherman. 

Sing  hey  !  sing  ho !  for  the  cool  brown  road — 
Green  are  its  walls  and  its  roof  is  green — 

Tremulous,  lacy,  fluttering  bars, 

That  the   happy   sunbeams   dance  between. 

Green  and  brown  and  a  splash  of  red, 
A  paint-brush  flaunting  beyond  the  hedge; 

Brown  and  green  and  a  fleck  of  blue. 
The  heal-all  blooming  along  the  edge. 

Here  is  a  tiny  mossy  square. 

Where,   summer  nights,   the    fairies   sport ; 
A  subtle  scent  of  sweet-grass  floats 

From  a  nook  where  bob-o-link  holds  court. 

The  limbs  of  a  mother-maple  tree 

Are  the   safest  place   for  the  thrushes'  perch, 
And   milk-weed  blossoms  gently  lean 

On  the  pure  white  breast  of  a  virgin  birch. 


So   I    follow   the   beautiful    road 

To  a  twilight  garden,  drenched  in  dew  : 

Love,  my  love,  you  are  waiting  there ; 
Blest  be  the  highway  that   leads  to  you. 


3?g 


PUTTING  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  ON  THE 
TOBOGGAN 


By  George 

In  taxing  a  house,  a  farm,  a  horse 
or  a  cow.  it  would  seem  fair  to  assess 
it  for  what  it  might  reasonably  be 
expected  to  bring  at  a  sale  made  un- 
der such  conditions  and  circumstances 
as  might  ordinarily  be  expected  to 
pertain,  if  a  farmer  by  diligence, 
knowledge  of  his  business  and  fair 
dealing-  has  built  up  a  market  for 
his  products  whereby  he  derives  a 
fair  profit,  'can  any  good  reason  be 
assigned  why  his  acres  should  be 
taxed  at  any  higher  valuation  than 
those  of  equally  good  land  of  a 
neighboring  farmer  who  is  less  dili- 
gent, has  less  knowledge  of  his  busi- 
ness, exercises  lessi  good  judgment, 
and    is    consequently    less    successful? 

Likewise  in  the  assessment  of  a 
manufacturing  establishment,  let  us 
assume  two  buildings  of  the  same 
size,  built  of  the  same  materials,  on 
land  of  the  same  value,  and  which  for 
business  purposes  are  equally  well  or 
poorly  situated.  Let  us  further  as- 
sume that  the  owner  of  one  of  these 
buildings  manufactures  a  product 
which  has  a  widespread  good-will,  a 
sale  throughout  the  world,  that  it  is 
well  managed  and  ordinarily  fairly 
profitable;  that  the  other  factory  has 
never  had  good  management,  and  the 
business  barely  survives  from  year 
to  year.  l\  both  of  these  owners 
should  decide  to  mow,  taking  with 
them  their  machinery,  their  business 
ability  or  the  lack  of  it,  their  good- 
will or  the  absence  of  it,  there  would 
seem  to  be  no  reason  why  one  of  the 
two  buildings  should  sell  for  more 
than  the  other.  Now  the  question 
arises  whether,  before  the  time  of  re- 
moval, the  real  estate  of  the  success- 
ful manufacturer  should  be  taxed  at 
any  higher  valuation  than  that  of  his 
unsuccessful  Neighbor.  Quite  likely 
the  former  would  assent  to  a  con- 
siderable   valuation      above    what      he 


B.  Upham 

had  reason  to  believe  his  building 
could  be  sold  for,  perhaps  twice  or 
even  thrice  such  valuation.  But 
should  it  be  taxed  for  ten.  fifteen  or 
twenty  times  such  amount,  and  he 
knew  the  location  in  various  other 
ways  to  be  unfavorable,  the  owner, 
quite  naturally,  would  begin  to  think 
of  moving,  especially  if  then  con- 
sidering a  substantial  enlargement. 
Under  such  circumstances  it  would 
be  simply  foolishness  to  make  exten- 
sions in  a  community  proceeding  up- 
on  the  principle  of  killing  the  goose. 

At  a  period  when  the  center  of 
population  of  the  United  States  was 
in  New  Jersey,  when  settlers  moving 
to  western  New  York  or  Ohio  mov- 
ed into  a  wilderness,  many  indus- 
tries were  developed  in  New  Eng- 
land, in  a  small  way  by  men  of  little 
capital  but  of  much  enterprise  and 
ingenuity.  New  Hampshire  was  the 
scene  of  her  fair  share  of  such  de- 
velopment. Numerous  streams  <*fur- 
nished  adequate  power.  Coal,  almost 
unknown,  was  un needed.  Markets 
were  near  at  hand.  Such  industries 
grew  until,  with  the  enormous  growth 
of  the  last  thirty  or  forty  years,  many 
manufacturers  found  themselves,  un- 
der changed  conditions,  with  large 
plants  in  unfavorable  locations. 

Two  industries  in  Claremont — the 
largest  in  the  town — find  themselves 
in  this  situation.  The  writer's  father 
was  the  founder  of  one  of  them,  in 
1851.  This  business  was  at  the 
start,  comparatively  speaking,  local. 
A  small  river,  nearly  dry  in  summer, 
furnished  all  needed  power;  the 
buildings,  on  a  steep  side  hill,  were 
in  imminent  danger  of  sliding  into 
the  mill-pond.  The  location  both 
locally  and  nationally  was  about  as 
bad  as  could  be  found  for  a  manu- 
facturing industry  destined  to  become 
a   large   one ;   yet,    despite    the   handi- 


PUTTING  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  OX  THE  TOBOGGAN 


279 


cap  of  bad  location,  the  business  in- 
creased beyond  all  expectation,  in- 
creased until  it  had  offices  and  a  valu- 
able good-will  the  world  over.  ■  Re- 
taining" walls  were  built"  and  building 
after  building  added  on  the  steep 
hanks  of  both  sides  of  the  little  river 
until  the  plant  covered  several  acres. 
This  was,  of  course,  all  a  mistake, 
a  stupid  mistake  viewed  by  hind- 
sight. The  principal  owners  were 
warned  long  since  against  any  such 
policy ;  but  local  pride  and  local 
spirit  prevailed,  extensions  continued. 
In  extenuation  of  this  mistake  it  may 
he  said  that  not  until  very  recent 
years  were  the  requirements  of  a 
thoroughly  efficient  plant  of  its  char- 
acter fully  understood.  They  are 
level  ground  and  plenty  of  it  some- 
where near  the  center  of  population, — 
now  in  Indiana, — a  location  where 
coal  and  raw  materials  can  be  obtain- 
ed at  low  cost  for  transportation, 
one  story  buildings  with  glass  ''saw- 
tooth" roofs,  electrically  operated 
travelling  cranes  interconnecting  all 
departments  and  finally  swinging 
their  load  over  the  cars  of  a  railroad 
running  through  the  property  and 
having  favorable  connections  to  all 
parts  of  the  country.  All  this  had 
been  urged  long  prior  to  the  event 
hereinafter  mentioned;  but  the  advice 
unfortunately,  from  the  owners'  later 
point  of  view,  went  unheeded;  ex- 
tensions  continued   as   before. 

Then  came  the  event.  At  the  in- 
opportune time  of  a  temporary  but 
severe  depression  certain  high  taxa- 
tion officials  came  from  Concord, 
saw  the  step-like  buildings  on  the 
steep  banks  of  the  little  river  and 
said  to  themselves,  not  in  these  words 
but  in  like  substance  and  effect. 
"Here  is  something  prosperous, 
something  cemented  and  weighted 
down,  something  perfectly  safe  to 
soak,  something  which,  according  to 
instructions,  we  are  expected  to 
soak";  and  soak  it  they  did,  doubling 
the   assessment   upon    the    real    estate, 


which  previously  had  been  taxed  far 
beyond  any  possible  saleable  value. 

And  with  what  result?  At  a 
meeting  of  the  directors  a  few  months 
later  it  was  voted,  without  a  dissent- 
ing voice,  to  buy  one  hundred  and 
twenty r five  acres  of  level  land,  with 
a  railroad  running  through  it,  on  the 
outskirts  of  Michigan  City,  Indiana. 
and  to  build  a  thoroughly  up-to-date 
plant  thereon.  Coal  mines  are  near, 
deep-water  wharves  on  the  great  lake, 
only  a  mile  distant. 

Local  pride  and  local  spirit  have 
their  limitations,  especially  when  a 
feeling  of  injustice  with  resulting  in- 
dignation  is  aroused. 

We  are  not  blaming  the  visiting 
politicians  who  doubtless  received 
their  instructions  from  politicians 
higher  up,  who  in  turn  doubtless  be- 
lieved they  were  carrying  out  the 
mandate  of  the  legislature  as  they 
interpreted  it.  It  is  the  policy,  not 
the  individuals,  we  are  criticising"; 
for  we  believe  it  to" be  an  unfortunate 
one,  a  policy  which  in  the  long  run 
will  prove  a  benefit  to  industries  re- 
moving but   an   injury  to   the   state. 

Politicians,  who  make  and  exe- 
cute our  laws,  are  not  as  a  rule 
versed  in  business  affairs.  In  their 
eves  an  assemblage  of  bricks  and 
mortar  in  which  a  successful  business 
is  carried  on  is  the  business  itself. 
They  apparently  imagine  the  enter- 
prise, the  administrative  ability,  the 
goodwill,  the  very  ingenuity  of  in- 
ventors to  be  in  some  way  enchained 
within  the  walls;  little  realizing  that 
the  brain  which  is  the  executive  may, 
as  in  this  case,  live  a  thousand  miles 
away,  that  his  assistants,  so  efficient 
and  so  carefully  selected  by  him,  are 
confined  in  no  "pent-up  Utica,"  that 
patents,  inventive  genius  and  good- 
will have  no  local  habitation,  and  that 
the  buildings,  so  severely  taxed,  are 
the    mere    shell. 

When  the  new  plant  is  completed 
some  of  the  manufacturing  now  car- 
ried on   in   Claremont  may  be  remov- 


280 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


ed  thither,  not  all  of  it,  probably  for 
many  years,  out  certain  it  is  that  no 
further  extensions  will  be  made  here, 
and.  as  all  manufacturers  know,  con- 
centration in  a  favorable  location  is 
the  tendency  of  the  age,  so  the  day 
may  come, —  let  us  hope  not  for  many 
years, — when  the  last  machine  will 
be  turned  on  the  banks  of  the  little 
river,  and  the  name  Claremont,  N. 
H.,  will  be  no  longer  familiar  to 
miners  and  rock  cutters  from  Alaska 
to  Patagonia,  from  icy  Spitsbergen 
to  South  Africa,  from  Australia.  In- 
dia and  the  Straits  Settlements  to 
Japan   and    Northern   China. 

Adjoining  the  plant  above  describ- 
ed is  a  large  group  of  buildings 
where  another  manufacturing  indus- 
try was  established  nearly  eighty 
years  ago.  Cotton,  the  bulky  raw 
material  used  by  it,  is  brought  from 
Texas  fifteen  hundred  miles  away. 
Jts  product,  still  bulky,  is  transport- 
ed to  the  consumers  an  average  dis- 
tance of  a  thousand  miles ;  its  coal  is 
brought  from  West  Virginia.  The 
writer  has  no  knowledge  of  this  com- 
pany's business,  but  believes  that, 
thus  handicapped,  it  is  only  by-  the 
most  commendable  enterprise,  in  the 
production  of  an  almost  unrivalled 
specialty,  that  it  has  been  able  to  do 
business  at  a  profit.  In  the  matter 
of  lifting  a:?sessed  valuations  the 
visiting  statesmen  were  wholly  im- 
partial; for  the  taxes  of  the  cotton 
mill   were     likewise   ''jacked      up"    in 


joyous  disregard  of  the  well  known 
fact  that  the  tendency  of  the  cotton 
industry  is  strongly  towards  the  cot- 
ton stales,  states  of  cheap  labor, 
cheap  power  and  comparatively  cheap 
taxes. 

These  two  industries  in  1921  paid 
more  than  a  third  of  the  taxes  paid 
in  Claremont.  Together,  in  ordinary 
times,  they  employ  fully  three-quar- 
ters of  the  men  and  women  engaged 
in  manufacturing  industries  in  the 
town. 

The  visiting  statesmen  were  kind 
enough  to  explain  that  were  all  valu- 
ations doubled  taxes  would  be  halved, 
but  failed  to  mention  that  wherever 
this  interesting  experiment  has  been 
tried  the  rate  per  thousand  has  very 
soon  risen  to  what  it  was  before. 
They  visited  us  with  the  purpose  of 
increasing  assessed  valuations.  They, 
or  at  least  some  of  them,  may  live 
to  see  that  thus  increasing  valuations 
decreases  values;  for  if  the  machinery 
of  these  two  corporations  were  mov- 
ed away  Main  Street  would  be  as 
silent  as  the  hills,  and  signs  "For 
Sale"  in  the  windows  of  hundreds  of 
village  homes.  When  the  manufac- 
turing buildings  were  sold,  if  any 
purchasers  could  be  found,  it  is 
doubtful  whether  one  twentieth  of 
their  present  assessed  valuation  could 
be  realized.  The  goose  can  be  killed 
once,  but  not  resuscitated  to  undergo 
the   operation  a   second   time. 


LAST  DEATH 

By  Harold   Vinal. 

Tier  beauty   darker   than   the   night, 
Lovelier  than  the  rose, 
Lingered   m   my  heart 
Till  the  long  day's  close. 

Then  when  stars  turned. pale, 
Like  a  wafted  breath; 
Hushed   and    shadowily   as   snow — 
She  sank  to  death. 


&B\ 


A  HISTORY  OF  STREET  RAILWAYS  AND  POWER  DEVELOPMENT 

IN  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

By  Frederick  E.  Webster  e  Vice-Pre&t  &  Trees.,  Massachusetts  Northeastern 

St.      v.  Co.,  Haverhill,  Mass. 


AN  .ADDRESS  BEFORE  THE  NEW  ENGLAND  STREET  RAILWAY  CLUB, 

MANCHESTER,    N.    H.,    MAY    25,    1922. 


Mr.  President,  Members  of  the  New 
England  Street  Railzvay  Club,  and 
Guests: 

At  a  gathering  in  celebration  of  the 
fiftieth  anniversary  in  the  street  rail- 
way industry  of  our  distinguished 
and  respected  host,  Mr.  E.  C. 
Foster,  president  of  the  Manchester 
Traction,  Light  and  Power  Company, 
it  is  particularly  fitting  that  we  should 
consider  in  a  retrospective  light  the 
earl}-  days  of  electric  power  genera- 
tion and  the  building  and  equipping 
of  the  present-day  electric  street  rail- 
ways. 

A  great  deal  of  credit  is  due  the 
pioneers  of  the  '60s.  70s  and  '80s  for 
their  public  spirit  manifested  in  going 
ahead  with  their  charters.  From 
their  devotion  to  an  intense  interest 
has  resulted  the  power  and  street 
railway  companies  of  to-day.  Our 
present  New  Hampshire  street  rail- 
way systems,  with  an  operated 
mileage  of  240  miles,  represent  the 
out-growth  of  lines  first  created  as 
horse  railroads,  among  them  being 
the  Manchester  Horse  Railroad, 
chartered  in  1864  and  revived  five 
years  later.  Numerous  charters  were 
taken  out  which  were  never  exercis- 
ed— which  is  undoubtedly  the  case  in 
other  sections  of  the  country — al- 
though that  fact  is  indicative  of  the 
part  taken  by  our  ancestors  in  those 
industries  which  were  destined  to  play 
such  an  important  part  in  the  future 
welfare  of  the  people  of  this  state. 

Public  utilities  have  done  more  for 
the  development  of  America's  natural 
resources  than  have  any  other  of  the 
instruments    of    civilization.       In    de- 


veloping the  bounties  of  nature  they 
have  brought  them  to  the  service  of 
the  whole  people.  Each  and  every 
form  of  public  utility  has  contribut- 
ed to  such  development.  Before  the 
electric  light  and  power  companies 
high-grade  illumination  was  unknown, 
and  in  factories  there  was  a  consider- 
able waste  of  time  in  turning  shafts, 
pulleys  and  belts.  These  companies 
have  taken  advantages  of  the  mys- 
teries of  magnetism  in  producing 
power  in  a  form  which  could  be  car- 
ried on  wires  and  kept  available  for 
service   on   demand. 

New  Hampshire,  however,  is  not 
a  large  state,  neither  has  it  the  natur- 
al resources  from  which  a  stupendous 
power  like  that  of  a  "Niagara"  can 
be  developed,  but  it  looks  with  a  local 
pride  to  the  Connecticut,  from  which 
power  is  taken  for  the  supplying  of 
current  to  the  western  part  of  the 
state  and  to  many  cities  and  industrial 
companies  in  Southern  New  Eng- 
land, and  to  the  Merrimack  which 
has  been  splendidly  developed  at 
Sewall's  Falls  and  Garvin's  Falls, 
where  current  is  generated  for  the 
requirements  of  utilities  at  Concord 
arid  Manchester.  There  are  other 
developments  in  operation,  along  the 
Androscoggin  and  Blackwater  rivers 
in  the  northern  and  central  parts  of 
the  state,  and  that  of  the  Lamprey 
River  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state, 
the  development  of  which  is  in  its 
infancy  just  at  present  but  which  is 
expected  to  show  real  progress  in  the 
early   future. 

Under  the  electric  system  the  cost 
of  power  begins  with  its  utilization 
and  ends  when  the  need  is  completed. 


282 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


It  means  the  distribution  of  power  to 
places  where  the  use  of  coal  would 
be  very  expensive.  It  means,  in  ef- 
fect, also,  the  finding  of  a  new  coal 
supply  for  every  horse-power  de- 
veloped . 

It  would  be  an  impossibility  for 
human  mind  to  prognosticate  the  de- 
mands that  will  be  made  a  score  of 
years  ahead  for  electrical  current  for 
domestic  or  power  requirements.  \Yc 
certainly  cannot  stand  still,  we  must 
place  ourselves  in  a  position  to  meet 
the  needs  of  users,  but  for  that  ser- 
vice there  should  be  a  rate  represent- 
ing a  fair  return — not  merely  the 
non-confiscatory  return  that  barely 
escapes  condemnation  of  the  courts, 
but  a  return  sufficient  to  reward  ef- 
ficiency and  economy,  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  development  of  our 
resources  can  continue  and  that  our 
successors  will  be  able  to  point  to 
their  achievements  with  the  same  de- 
gree of  pride  that  we  do  as  we  reflect 
on  the  progress  in  which  we  have 
shared. 

Along  with  the  advance  in  the 
electrical  industry  came  the  gradua- 
tion of  horse  railroad  operations  to 
lines  operated  by  electric  motive 
power.  And  in  this  connection  we 
would  be  remiss  in  our  duty  to-day 
without  a  tribute  to  those  who  serv- 
ed as  members  of  the  former  Rail- 
road Commission  of  New  Hampshire 
and  devoted  so  much  of  their, time 
to  the  companies  seeking  to  improve 
the  conditions  in  their  respective  sec- 
tions. The  Railroad  Commission 
was  succeeded  in  1911  by  the  Public 
Service  Commission,  and  of  the 
members  of  the  former  Commission 
it  is  a  pleasure  to  recall  that  Honor- 
able Arthur  G.  Whittemore,  of 
Dover,  and  Attorney-General  Os- 
car D.  Young,  of  Laconia,  are  still 
with    us. 

In  the  Act  creating  the  Public 
Service  Commission  the  State  Legis- 
lature gave  that  body  broad  and  dis- 
cretionary powers  which  have  been 
honestly      and      fearlessly      exercised. 


An  assignment  to  a  tribunal  stand- 
ing between  the  public  and  the  cor- 
poration is  not  an  enviable  position, 
arid  the  trust  imposed  by  the  call  to 
such  service  can  only  be  met  by  a 
character  that  will  judge  and  act  as 
between  the  right  and  the  wrong.  It 
is  necessary  that  appointments  to  the 
personnel  of  the  Commission  should 
be  men  of  exceptional  ability  and 
training  and  the  legislature  can  make 
an  appropriation  no  more  wisely,  or 
for  greater  resultant  good  to  its 
peoples  than  a  sufficient  allowance 
for  the  proper  conduct  of  the  office. 
Investigations  conducted  by  the  Com- 
mission are  expensive,  in  that  the 
rights  of  the  public  as  well  as  the 
utilities  have  full  measure  of  protec- 
tion, and  the  compensation  for  such 
a  service  should  be  sufficient  to  at- 
tract men  of  the  highest  calibre. 


There  is  much  of  interest  in  the 
early  history  of  the  street  railway 
business  as  an  industry.  The  first 
street  horse  car  was  built  by  John 
Stevenson,  of  New  York,  and  was 
used  upon  a  road  which  was  opened 
November  26,  1851,  but  the  develop- 
ment was  very  slow  and  it  was  not 
until  1856  that  the  first  New  England 
road  was  constructed  in  Boston.  In 
1887  electricity  was  first  successfully 
applied  upon  a  street  railway,  and  the 
following  year  witnessed  the  perfec- 
tion of  the  first  overhead  trolley  in 
Richmond,  Yirginia,  on  May  4th. 
It  was  a  double-track  line,  had  thirty 
cars  in  operation,  and  was  built  by 
Frank  J.  Sprague  still  a  resident  of 
New  York.  To  Moses  Gerrish 
Farmer,  an  American  inventor  and 
electrician,  born  in  Boscawen  and 
educated  at  Andover,  in  this  State,  is 
due  the  credit  for  the  invention  of 
the  electrical  locomotive.  Since  1888, 
when  it  had  become  an  established 
fact  that  electricity  was  to  be  general- 
ly employed  as  a  motive  power  for 
street  railway  transportation  the  his- 
tory of  street  railroading  has  been  a 


A  HISTORY  OF  STREET  RAILWAYS 


283 


record  of  changes  from  horse  to 
electric  power. 

In  the  place  which  New  Hamp- 
shire holds  in  the  development  of  the 
electric  street  railway  industry  one  of 
our  companies,  the  Dover.  Somers- 
worth  &  Rochester,  holds  the  proud 
distinction  of  being  the  second  street, 
railway  company  in  the  United  States 
in  adopting  and  making  use  of  elec- 
tricity as  a  motive  power.  Under 
the  charter  which  was  granted  in 
1889  a  new  electric  road  was  con- 
structed, extended  to  Great  Falls 
(now  Somersworth)  and  opened  for 
business  August  8,  1890. 

Outside  the  larger  cities  these 
roads  were  constructed  by  men  who 
were  residents  of  the  towns  in  which 
they  were  located,  and  who  had  in 
view  the  development  of  those  towns 
and  convenience  of  themselves  and 
neighbors  more  than  the  net  earnings 
of  the  roads.  They  helped  build 
street  railways  very  much  a^>  they 
sometimes  contributed  to  the  erection 
of  foundations  or  the  construction  of 
sidewalks.  Each  took'  as  many  shares 
as  he  thought  he  could  afford  to,  not 
as  an  investment  but  as  one  which 
would  promote  the  prosperity  of  the 
community.  The  public  as  well  as 
their  owners  regarded  them  as  public 
improvements  rather  than  as  money- 
making  enterprizes.  Under  those 
circumstances  street  railway  corpora- 
tions were  given  all  the  rights  and 
privileges  they  asked  for,  and  they 
asked  for  more  than  any  other  class 
of  profit-sharing  corporations  ever 
dared  to  and  were  permitted  to  charge 
for  transportation  all  they  could  get. 
On  the  grounds  that  they  were  public 
improvements  rather  than  specula- 
tive ventures  they  cost  very  little  and 
in  many  cases  they  came  to  being 
dividend-paying  properties  which  re- 
turned to  their  owners  fair  rates  of 
interest  upon  the  money  invested  in 
them. 


esting  to  consider  what  might  have 
been  the  problems  of  the  operators 
of  the  '80s  in  our  own  state.  The 
first  report  of  the  Railroad  Com- 
missioners under  the  "new"  law  and 
issued  in  1884  states — "The  total 
length  oi  horse  railroads  is  12.6S 
miles,"  and  further,  that  it  was  2.37 
miles  in  1878  and  7.37  miles  in  1880. 
These  were  the  statistics  for  1882. 
Construction      was      not      progressing 


verv 


rapidly   and   mileage  gained   but 


In    these    days    when    we    think    we 
are  having  an  uphill  climb  it  is  inter- 


3.1  miles  in  the  next  three  years.  It 
is  learned  that  the  gross  earnings  of 
the  Manchester,  Concord,  Dover,  La- 
conia  and  Lake  Village  comoanies 
for  1885  were  $47,801.24,  and  for 
the  following  year  $62,480.13.  Dur- 
ing these  two  years  the  companies 
mentioned  had  a  net  income  of  $10,- 
07S.41.  Thev  carried  881,600  pas- 
sengers in  1885  and  1,105.888  in  1886. 
Progress  at  this  period  was  apparent- 
ly slow, — there  appears  to  have  been 
quite  a  degree  of  doubt  in  the  minds 
of  the  Railroad  Commissioners  as  to 
whether  or  not  the  development  was 
moving  within  the  scope  of  personal 
benefit  to  the  promoters  rather  than 
for  the  benefit  of  the  public.  An 
abstract   from  the   1890  report  says— 

''The  street  railways  of  this  State 
were  originally  constructed  by  men  who 
had  in  view  the  development  of  sub- 
urban lands,  or  other  incidental  advan- 
tages to  themselves,  neighbors,  and 
friends,  rather  than  the  direct  profits 
which  might  result  from  investments  in 
such  properties,  and  in  the  early  history 
of  those  enterprises  most  of  them  were 
controlled  by  those  who  had  too  much 
other  business  to  give  them  close  at- 
tention, and  managed  in  some  cases  by 
those  who  were  entirely  unfamiliar  with 
the  work  they  undertook.  Under  such 
conditions  they  were  not,  of  course, 
handled  -in  the  best  way,  and  they  not 
only  failed  to  command  the  patronage 
they  might  have  had,  but  were  allowed 
to    rapidly    deteriorate. ,! 

And    further — 

"The  Dover  road,  under  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Dow  family.  Mrs.  Dow 
being  president  and  her  husband  treas- 
urer, was  a  failure.  It  neither  served 
the  public  satisfactorily  nor  earned  the 
dividends   it  paid,  but  the   transfer"  of  the 


284 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Dow  stock  to  Massachusetts  capitalists 
gave  them  the  franchise  and  what  there 
was  left  of  the  equipment,  and  having 
obtained    in    August,    188°,    a    charter   for 


a 


new    electric     sireet 


rai 


av    to 


Great 


Falls,  they  proceeded,  to  consolidate  the 
two.  and  then  to  dispose  of  the  horses 
and  cars  and  to  remove  the  track  of  the 
old  road,  and  finally  to  build  in  its  place 
a  new  electric  road,  which  was  extend- 
ed to  Great  Falls  and  opened  for  busi- 
ness   August    8.    1890." 

Even  the  Manchester  road  did  not 
escape  criticism  because  we  find  re- 
corded   in   the   same   report — 

"The  Manchester  road  was  much  the 
worse  for  wear,  its  tracks  badly  out  of 
repair,  its  horses  old  and  feeble,  its 
cars  dingy  and  dilapidated,  and  its 
service  fitful  and  unsatisfactory,  when 
Gen.  Williams  purchased  a  controlling 
interest  in  its  stock  and  began  to  im- 
press upon  it  his  liberal  and  progressive 
management,  which  proceeds  upon  the 
theory  that  a  railroad  should  first  spend 
and  then  earn  its  money..  New  trucks, 
new  cars,  and  new  horses  have  taken 
the  place  of  old   ones." 

But  in  1892  an  awakening  as  to  the 
part  street  railways  would  play  in  the 
growth  of  the  community  occurred. 
Electricity  was  being  substituted  for 
motive  power  and  the  fact  was  in 
evidence  that  whenever  this  was  done 
the  next  step  would  be  to  extend  the 
tracks  to  neighboring  towns.  The 
controlling  factor  was  expressed  in 
this  language — 

"Because,  while  it  does  not  pay  to 
haul  cars  by  horse  power  over  long 
stretches  of  unsettled  territory  in 'order 
to  reach  a  village  or  pleasure  resort, 
this  can  profitably  be  done  by  electri- 
city, after  an  electric  plant  has  been  es- 
tablished." 

At  that  time  of  the  five  street  rail- 
ways in  the  state,  two  used  electricity 
as  motive  power,  and  both  paralleled 
broad  gauge  roads ;  the  Dover,  be- 
tween that  city  and  Great  Falls,  and 
the  Concord,  between  that  city  and 
Pen  a  cook. 

The  situation  became  a  little  troubl- 
ed in  1892  and  the  Legislature  of 
1893  passed  a  bill  which  provided  that 
the  Railroad  Commissioners  should 
examine  and   report   to   the  next   ses- 


sion of  the  legislature  as  to  what 
general  legislation,  if  any,  the  public 
good  required  in  reference  to  the 
poVers  to  be  enforced  upon,  or  ex- 
ercised by,  railroads  operated  by  other 
than  steam  power.  And  the  bill 
further  provided  that  pending  such 
examination  and  until  such  report 
was  made,  all  bills  for  the  incorpora- 
tion of  such  railroads,  or  enlarging 
the  powers  of  those  areacly  chartered, 
lie  upon  the  table  or  be  postponed 
until  the  next  session  of  the  general 
court. 

The  Commission  made  a  thorough 
study  of  the  situation  and  came  to 
this   conclusion  : 

"Assuming  that  the  street  railway  of 
the  future  is  to  be  an  electric,  that  it  is 
to  be  built,  and  financed  by  capitalists, 
probably  from  other  states,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  making  money,  that  it  is  to 
have  at  its  command  abundant  cash, 
credit,  courage  and  cunning,  that  it  will 
be  dominated  by  the  same  selfishness 
and  shrewdness  that  characterize  the 
management  of  great  corporations  gen- 
erally, we  must  welcome  and  encourage 
it,  and  at  the  same  time  prescribe  such 
conditions   as    are    fair   and   prudent. 

Oil  July  1,  1896.  seven  street  rail- 
roads having  an  aggregate  of  about 
sixty  miles  were  in  operation.  They 
were  capitalized  at  $1,358,500,  and 
during  the  year  following  earned 
$282,820.97,  and  expended  for  oper- 
ation and  fixed  charges  the  sum  of 
$2&2,S39:2&.  None  of  them  made  an 
allowance  for  depreciation,  and  only 
one  of  them,  the  Manchester,  paid  a 
dividend. 

By  1900  construction  work  was 
well  under  way.  The  legislature  of 
1899  had  granted  charters  for  eight 
electric  street  roads,  and  as  many 
more  unused  ones  granted  by  pre- 
vious legislatures  were  alive.  The 
most  important  at  that  time  was  the 
building  of  an  electric  line  in  Ports- 
mouth, through  the  towns  of  Rye 
and  North  Hampton  to  a  connection 
with  the  Exeter,  Hampton  &  Ames- 
bury  at  Hampton  line.  A  charter 
had  been  taken  by  the  Boston  & 
Maine      Railroad      permitting      it    to 


A  HISTORY  OB'  STREET  RAILWAYS 


S6l 


parallel  its  own  tracks  from  Concord 
to  Nashua,  and  the  electrification  of 
the  Portsmouth  &  Dover  branch  of 
its  road  was  contemplated.  During 
the  following  year  earnings  increas- 
ed about  $270*000,  having  reached  ap- 
proximate!}' $552,500. 

The  next  important  development, 
and  perhaps  the  filial  one,  took  place 
in  1902,  and  was  that  known  as  the 
"Lovell  System.'*  Mr.  Lovell,  as 
agent  of  the  New  Hampshire  Trac- 
tion Company,  had  acquired  or  pro- 
duced the  electric  railways  and  other 
properties  of  the  Exeter.  Hampton  & 
Amesbury ;  the  Amesbury  &  Hamp- 
ton;  the  Haverhill,  Plaistow  &  New- 
ton ;  the  Haverhill  &  Plaistow ;  the 
Seabrook  &  Hampton  Beach ;  the 
Dover.  Somersworth  &  Rochester ; 
the  Portsmouth  &  Exeter;  the  Hud- 
son, Pelham  &  Salem;  the  Lawrence 
&  Methuen ;  the  Haverhill  &  South- 
ern New  Hampshire,  and  the  Lowell 
tx  Pelham  Street  Railway  companies ; 
and  the  Rockingham  County  Light  & 
Power  Company;  the  Granite  State 
Land  Company,  and  the  Canobie 
Lake   Company. 

These  companies  experienced  many 
of  the  hardships  of  lines  constructed 
in  sparsely  settled  sections,  but  they 
were  destined  to  perform  an  impor- 
tant role  in  the  transportation  ser- 
vice of  the  state.  Re-organizations 
were  effected ;  the  Exeter,  Hampton 
&  Amesbury  went  through  foreclos- 
ure proceedings  and  was  sold  to 
bondholders'  committee  in  March. 
IPOS;  the  Portsmouth  &  Exeter  was 
abandoned  and  its  tracks  torn  up, 
and  in  1913  there  was  merged  into 
the  Massachusetts  Northeastern 
Street  Railway  Company  the  various 
street  railway  companies  of  the  origi- 
nal "Lovell  System"  in  New  Hamp- 
shire and  Massachusetts.  Due  to 
Federal  Law  the  Dover  company  is 
not  an  integral  part  of  the  North- 
eastern. 

The  altitude  of  the  state  legisla- 
ture in  dealing  with  its  street  rail- 
ways  has 'been   that  of   a   willingness 


to  assist.  Charters  were  freely  given 
and  for  a  long  time  were  not  restrict- 
ed as  to  when  they  should  be  exer- 
cised although  that  practice  terminat- 
ed in  due  course.  Under  the  gene- 
ral law,  companies  were  exempted 
from  taxation  for  ten  years,  but  at 
the  expiration  of  that  period,  and 
more  particularly  in  the  depression 
following  the  World  War,  many  were 
rinding  themselves  in  a  position  where 
the  payment  of  a  "state  tax"  was  a 
real  burden.  Many  of  the  companies 
had  nothing  left  from  earnings  and 
credits  had  been  seriously  impaired. 
To  meet  this  situation  the  legislature 
of  1919  passed  a  bill  under  which  a 
corporation  which  had  not,  under 
efficient  management,  earned  sufficient 
money  to  pay  its  operating  expenses 
and  fixed  charges,  including  taxes 
and  excluding  interest  on  its  indebt- 
edness, and  to  provide  for  necessary 
repairs,  and  maintenance  of  its  pro- 
perties and  adequate  reserves  for 
depreciation  thereof,  may  be  exempt- 
ed from  the  payment  of  taxes  and  to 
the  extent  and  subject  to  the  limita- 
tions of  the  act.  Tins  was  a  timely 
assistance  and  the  relief  offered  has 
come  at  the  most  opportune  time. 


In  convening  here  to-day  and  such 
occasions  come  not  too  closely  to- 
gether, a  perfectly  natural  interest  is 
aroused  as  to  those  who  have  been 
identified  with  the  industry  in  our 
state.  An  effort  has  been  made  to 
obtain  as  much  data  as  was  possible 
concerning  those  who  have  been  ac- 
tive in  this  work  but  the  difficulty  in 
obtaining  it  is  doubtless  realized. 

We  all  rejoice  with  our  host,  Mr. 
Foster,  in  rounding  out  these  fifty 
years  of  railroad  service — it  repre- 
sents a  wonderful  service  in  the  in- 
terests of  the  public.  Mr.  Foster 
was  general  manager  of  the  Lynn  & 
Boston  companies  and  later  presi- 
dent of  the  New  Orleans  Railways. 
Fie  came  to  Manchester  January  1, 
1912,  at  which  time  he  was  elected 
president    of    the    Traction    Company. 


286 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Associated  with  Mr.  Foster  has  been 
Mr.  J.  Brodie  Smith  tor  whom  we 
certainly  have  a  warm  place  in  our 
hearts.  Air.  Smith  was  the  first 
superintendent  of  the  Hen  Franklin 
Electric  Company  which  commenced 
business  in  the  fall  of  1896.  The 
first  alternating  current,  incandes- 
cent lights  used  in  Manchester  were 
put  in  operation  by  the  Manchester 
Electric  Light  Company  under  his 
direction,  and  he  also  set  up  the  first 
electric  motor  used  for  power  pur- 
poses in  Manchester.  Gen.  Charles 
Williams  promoted  the  Manchester 
street  railroad  properties  and  in  the 
old  days  N.  IF  Walker  was  super- 
intendent, later  being  located  at 
Salem,  N.  H.,  and  finally  returning 
to  the  circus  business. 

The  Concord  company  was  launch- 
ed under  the  leadership  of  one  of  its 
most  substantial  citizens  and  former 
mayors,  Hon.  Moses  Flumprey.  I 
doubt  very  much  if  Mr.  Humprey 
could  be  termed  a  promoter.  I  knew 
him  quite  well.  It  is  but  natural, 
possibly,  that  I  should  find  myself  in 
the  street  railway  business  as  my 
father  superintended  the  building  of 
the  first  car  used  on  the  lines  of  that 
company. 

The  lines  of  the  New  Hampshire 
Traction  Company  interest  were  pro- 
moted by  Mr.  Wallace  D.  Lovell,  and 
for  a  short  time  after  Mr.  Lovell's 
retirement  they  were  presided  over 
by  Mr.  Howard  Abel,  one  of  Mr. 
Lovell's  experts. 

Mr.  Lovell  conceived  the  system  of 
railways  bearing  his  name  and  it  was 
through  his  efforts  that  the  money 
was  secured  from  the  bankers  who, 
after  the  investment  of  great  sums  in 
the  various  enterprises,  took  over 
their  management  and  control  and 
organized  the  New  Hampshire  Trac- 
tion Company  as  the  holding  com- 
pany for  their  securities.  Mr.  Abel 
was  selected  by  the  bankers  to  or- 
ganize and  complete  the  systems,  but 
iic  was  not  either  friendly  to  Lovell 
nor  was  his  presence  welcome. 


Following  the  early  struggle  of 
those  properties  the  New  Hampshire 
Traction  Company  was  succeeded  by 
New  Hampshire  Electric  Railways, 
and  Mr.  David  A.  Belden  was  elect- 
ed president,  both  of  the  parent  com- 
pany and  its  subsidiaries.  Mr.  Bel- 
den is  a  man  of  broad  experience  in 
the  railway  industry,  in  operating  as 
well  as  financial  matters,  and  to  him 
is  due  the  credit  for  the  perpetuity 
of  the  greater  portion  of  the  "Lovell" 
system  With  Mr.  Belden  was  asso- 
ciated Mr.  Franklin  Woodman,  who 
came  to  the  properties  in  1900  as  gen- 
eral manager.  Mr.  Woodman  was 
of  an  untiring  disposition  and  it  was 
due  to  his  natural  qualifications  as  a 
railroad  man  that  the  patrons  of  the 
road  were  so  efficiently  served.  Mr. 
W^oodman  retired  in  March,  1917, 
since  which  time  Mr.  Ralph  D.  Hood 
has  served  as  vice-president  and  gen- 
eral manager.  Mr.  Flood  was  iden- 
tified with  early  street  railway  con- 
struction in  New  Hampshire  acting 
in  the  capacity  of  engineer  for  the 
"Lovell"  interests,  and  with  him  was 
asociated  Mr.  Arthur  W.  Dean,  resi- 
dent engineer  in  charge  of  lay-out 
and  construction  between  Nashua  and 
Haverhill,   Mass.' 

Mr.  Dean  later  became  Chief  En- 
gineer of  the  New  Hampshire  Trac- 
tion Company  leaving  that  office  to 
become  Engineer  of  the  State  of  New 
Flampshire  and  still  later  of  the  Com- 
monwealth  of    Massachusetts. 

The  Exeter,  Hampton  &  Amesbury 
has  had  a  more  or  less  checkered 
career.  It  sponsored  many  of  the 
railway  projects  and  financial  troubles 
were  early  encountered.  At  one 
time  Mr.  Warren  Brown  was  presi- 
dent, and  in  1898  Mr.  A.  E.  McReel 
began  his  association  with  the  pro- 
perty which  continued  for  some  four 
years.  By  legislative  authority  in 
1919  the  towns  of  Exeter,  Hampton, 
Hampton  Falls  and  Seabrook  were 
authorized  to  purchase  all  or  any  part 
of  the  properties  and  assets  and  of 
the  shares  of  stock  of  this  company. 


A  HISTORY  OF  STREET  RAILWAYS 


287 


The  outcome  of  this  municipal  op- 
eration will  be  followed  with  inter- 
est. 

The  Concord  and  Portsmouth 
companies  are  under  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Rail- 
road, ddie  superintendent  at  Con- 
cord is  Mr.  John  B.  Crawford,  and 
at  Portsmouth,  Mr.  William  E. 
Dowdell  is  in  charge.  The  Dover 
company  is  a  subsidiary  of  New 
Hampshire  Electric  Railways,  its 
local  superintendent  being  Mr.  L. 
E.  Lynde,  one  of  our  active  mem- 
bers. 

The  Nashua  company  was  or- 
ganized in  1SS5,  and  during  its 
career  was  operated  for  a  while  un- 
der lease  to  the  Boston  &  North- 
ern. At  the  expiration  of  the  lease 
it  returned  to  operation  by  its 
owners  and  is  at  present  under  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Engelhardt  W. 
Hoist,    an    engineer-manager. 

In  passing  we  should  not  fail  to 
recall  Hon.  John  W.  Sanborn,  com- 
monly known  as  "Uncle  John,"  op- 
posed to  the  granting  of  street 
railway  franchises  presumably  be- 
cause of  the  competition  they  would 
arouse  with  the  steam  roads; 
neither  should  we  overlook  Hon. 
Henry  M.  Putney,  former  Railroad 
Commissioner,  and  from  whose 
astute  pen  came  so  much  of  extra- 
ordinary interest  in  his  editorials 
both    officially   and   otherwise. 

But  the  public  mind  is  rapidly 
undergoing  a  change.  The  outcry 
against  excess!  ve  capitalization 
which  has  so  often  been  heard  has 
a  standing  no  longer.  Regulatory 
laws  which  have  brought  utilities 
and  communities  into  closer  rela- 
tion have  been  adopted  by  many 
states.  To-day  we  are  hearing 
more  of  "a  reasonable  return  on 
capital  honestly  and  prudently  in- 
vested." Where  excessive  capi- 
talization has  existed  the  regula- 
tor bodies  have  insisted  upon  a 
gradual  writing  off  so  that  actual 
capital    and    fair    present    value    are 


coming  more  closely  together.  The 
pubh'c  has  come  to  recognize  the 
growing  usefulness  of  the  services 
of  utilities,  and  the  utilities  have 
responded  by  an  increased  insur- 
ance against  failure  to  function.  A 
City  or  a  town  may  get  along  with 
a  poor  municipal  government  but 
it  cannot  live  without  a  good  trans- 
portation   service. 

The  .street  railway  business  in 
the  United  States  is  one  of  the  larg- 
est enterprises.  Mr.  Hoover  sur- 
prised the  people  with  the  state- 
ment that  the  electric  railways  di- 
rectly employ  300.000  workers, 
and  that  they  purchase  materials 
and  supplies  amounting  to  $500,- 
000,000  per  year.  Surely  these  are 
factors  in  the  economic  life  of  the 
nation.  During  this  past  month 
the  thirty-fourth  anniversary  of 
the  buth  of  the  modern  overhead 
trolley  found  the  financial  condi- 
tions of  city  electric  •  lines  improv- 
ing but  it  is  to  be  regretted  that 
this  improvement  has  not  reached 
the    interurban    lines. 

New  Hampshire  has  taken  no 
steps  in  so-called  cost-of-service 
legislation  providing  for  the  con- 
tinuance of  service  in  sparsely 
populated  sections.  State  or  muni- 
cipal ownership  has  not  proved 
highly  successful  and  the  business 
is  too  hazardous  to  warrant  the 
adoption  of  laws  by  our  legislature 
under  which  assessments  would  be 
levied  on  those  communities  where- 
in assistance  is  necessary  to  make 
railway  operations  successful.  In 
cases  where  public  authorities  do 
not  consider  the  continuation  of  a 
transportation  company  as  longer- 
being  necessary  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  public  then  that  line 
should  be  abandoned.  The  next 
few  years  may  witness  such  a 
movement. 

The  total  operating  revenue  of 
180  companies  in  1921,  representing 
more  than  50^  of  the  total  indus- 
try in  the  United  States,  amounted 


2SS  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

to   $457,500,000,    as    compared    with  fording      an    increased      purchasing 

$650,000,000,  for  the  entire  industry  power     to     railways,     and     results 

as    reported    by    the    United    States  should  be  apparent  in  an  improve- 

Census   for   1917.       With   a     return  rnent   in   railway  credit.     All   indus- 

to    normalcy    undoubted])"    traction  tries  were  not  hard  hit  at  the  same 
lines   will    enjoy    renewed    prosperi-  .  time  and  they  will  doubtless  revive 

ty.     One  bright  spot   in   the     result  in    like   manner.       Many      lines     of 

appears      in    the      lower      operating  business    are    showing    an    improve- 

ratio      in    1921— these      percentages  rnent,    our    own    already    displaying 

were   reduced   from   78.4   in    1920  to  that    tendency.     We   should   not    al- 

75.2   in    1921.        This     condition      re-  low   ourselves   to  be   pessimistic   to- 

sults    from    economies    in    operating  day    and      optimistic      to-morrow, — 

expenses    and    efforts    of    the    oper-  we    should    have    our    stead)     nerve 

ating  departments  to  effect  savings  with  us  all  the  time,  and  that  if  we 

wherever    and     whenever      possible.  have    a    reaction    we    should    know 

Net    operating    revenues    show      an  that  it  is  only   temporary, 
increase     of    some     $14,000,000     af- 


SEARCH. 

By  Joint  Rollhi  Stuart. 

"Lover  tarry,  here  is  moonlight — 
Tarry   Courser,  here   is  spring ; 
In   the   land   of   life   discover 
Where  the  brooks  forever  sing. 

"Know   tonight   the   moon's  affection 
And  tomorrow  love  the  sun. 
For    your    breathing    must    not    falter 
Over  beauty   Earth  has  spun. 

"Sorrow    craven,    you    are    banished, 
In  my  garden   Laughter  wins; 
Furl   the   sail   and    loo.se   the   rudder, 
Here  no   heartsore  road  begins." 


'& 


Thus    we    hear    a    midnight   whisper 
Thus   our   lamps   are   fuel-filled; 
Yet,  behold,  each  day  another 
Larkentine    the   storm   has   killed! 


39\ 


LAKE  WINNIPESAUKEE 

By   Mary    Blake   Benson. 


''Yon   hill's   reel   crown 
Of  old    the    Indian    trod, 
And   through  the  sunset  air  looked  down 
Upon   the   Smile   of    God. 
He   saw   these   mountains   in   the   light 
Which    now    across    them    shines; 
This   lake,   in   summer   sunset   bright 
Waited   round   with    sombering  pines/' 

The  region  of  Winnipesaukee 
was  a  favorite  one  with  the  In- 
dians, as  was  indeed,  the  whole  val- 
ley of  its  outlet  all  the  way  to  the 
sea.  It  was.,  naturally,  the  center 
of  trails  from  all  directions. 
Along  its  shores  they  held  their 
tribal  feasts  and  their  councils  of 
war.  From  the  tops  of  the  sur- 
rounding mountains  flashed  their 
signal  tires  and  beside  the  shining 
waters  of  the  lake,  many  questions 
of  importan.ee  were  raised  and 
settled. 

From  the  south  came  the  Pena- 
ccoks,  *:he  Nashuas  and  remote 
tribes  from  the  Massachusetts  Bay 
territory.  From  the  west  and 
north-west  through  the  valley  of 
the  Connecticut  and  along  Bakers 
River  and  the  Pemigewasset  came 
the  Iroquois,  the  St.  Francis  and 
others.  From  the  valley  of  the  Os- 
sipee  the  Saco  and  the  Androscoggin 
came  the  Pewauketts  and  Ossipees, 
while  from  the  east  came  up  the 
Cochecos  and  other  tribes  of  Maine. 

The  Penacooks  were  the  most 
powerful  tribe  and  occupied  the 
region  around  Concord,  New  Hamp- 
shire.    Passaconaway  was  their  chief. 

His  name  as  written  bv  him- 
self was  PA-PIS-SE-CON-E-AYA, 
meaning  "The  Child  of  the  Bear." 
It  was  claimed  that  he  was  a  magi- 
cian and  even  the  best  authorities 
seem  to  agrte  that  he  had  much 
skill   in  jugglery. 

"Burned    for    him    the    drifted    snow 
Bade    through    ice    fresh    lillies    blow 
And   the   leaves   of   summer   grow 
Over    winter's    wood." 
He   was   both    wise   and    cunning 


and  possessed  a  superior  mental 
ability  and  an  uncommon  nobleness 
of  soul.  The  very  ability  which  led 
him  to  the  chieftainship  of  the  con- 
federated tribes  evidently  led  him 
to  see  that  eventually  his  race  must 
bow  to  that  of  the  white  men;  for 
he  sought  the  friendship  of  the 
English  and  tried  to  secure  friendly 
relations  between  them  and  his 
people.  At  a  great  feast  and  dance 
of  his  tribe  held  in  1660,  he  made 
the  following  speech  as  he  resigned 
his  position  to  his  son,  Wonolanset. 

"Hearken  to  the  last  words 
of  your  father  and  friend.  The 
white,  men  are  sons  of  the  morning. 
The  Great  Spirit  is  their  father. 
His  sun  shines  bright  above  them. 
Never  make  war  with  them,  for  so 
sure  as  you  light  the  tires,  the  breath 
of  Heaven  will  turn  the  flames  upon 
you  and  destroy  you.  Listen  to  my 
advice.  It  is  the  last  I  shall  be  al- 
lowed to  give  you.  Remember  it 
and  live." 

This  fine  old  Indian  was  always 
a  friend  to  the  white  man,  as  was 
also  his  son  who  succeeded  him; 
and  although  the  latter  was  so  un- 
justly treated  by  some  of  the  grasp- 
ing whites,  that  he  withdrew  from 
the  river  and  lake  valley  and  made 
his  home  in  Canada,  yet  he  restrain- 
ed his  followers  from  acts  of  retali- 
ation as  long  as  it  lay  within  his 
power. 

Most  of  the  seashore  Indians  went 
inland  to  the  head  waters  of  the 
Merrimac  as  the  season  for  shad  and 
salmon    approached. 

The  first  great  assembly  place 
was  at  Namaskeag  Falls  or  Man- 
chester, and  later  at  the  outlet  of 
Lake  Winnipesaukee.  At  the  low- 
er falls  the  fish  arrived  about  corn 
planting  time,  but  at  Namaskeag 
nearly  two  weeks  later,  and  at  the 
lake    still    later    when    the    planting 


290 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


season  was  over  and  the  Indians 
had  more  leisure.  Fur  this  reason 
the  upper  fishing  places  were  '  held 
in   the   highest  esteem. 

In  the  early  days,  before  the 
darns,  the  salmon  and  shad  came  up 
the  lower  part  of  the  Merrimac  to- 
gether, but  parted  company  at  the 
forks,  the  former  choosing  the  cold- 
er waters  oi  the  Pemanigawassett 
and  the  latter  going  up  the  Win.ni- 
pesaukee   River   to   the    lake. 

Near  the  outlet  of  Wirinipesau- 
kee,  at  what  is  now  The  Weirs, 
there  was  a  permanent  Indian  vil- 
lage, which  was  located  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  south  of  the  pre- 
sent railroad  station  on  the  west- 
ern hillside. 

"Here   by   this   stream   in   days   of   old. 
The   red   men   lived    who   lie   in    mould; 
The  leaves  that  once  their  history  knew 

Their    crumhliry    pages    hide    from    view, 
ranoelcs;,   lies   the   lonesome   shore, 
The    wigwam's      ineense      wreathes      no 
more." 

The  New  Hampshire  tribes  were 
known  as  The  Nipmucks,  or  "Fresh 
Water  People,"  and  it  was  they 
who  built  the  great  stone  fish  trap 
or  weirs  in  the  river  at  a  proper 
distance  from  the  outlet  of  the  lake. 

They  called  the  place  Ahquedauk- 
enash.  from  Ahque,  to  stop,  and 
Auke,  a  place  ;  thus,  stopping  places 
or  dams;  this  being  the  plural  form. 
The  white  settlers  spelled  the  name 
in  various  way?,  but  perhaps  the 
most  common  form  used  was 
Aquedoctan.  The  word  means  ex- 
actly the  same  as  the  word  " Weirs," 
a  dam  or  stopping  place  for  taking 
fish.  They  gave  the  place  this  name 
because  these  weirs  were  perman- 
ent. Such  devices  as  were  built  on 
the  seashore  or  in  tide  water 
streams  are  often  made  of  poles 
driven  into  the  sand  with  brush 
woven  into  wicker  work,  but  those 
at  Aquedoctan  were  very  skilfully 
constructed  of  stone.  Large  stones 
were  placed  in  the  current  a  foot  or 
more  apart  and  to  them  wicker  work- 
was  fastened.     The  weirs  were  built 


somewhat  in  the  shape  of  a  letter 
W.  The  uprights  pointing  up 
stream  towards  the  lake,  and  the 
lower  points  being  left  open  about 
two  feet;  the  walk  on  either  side 
running  toward  the.  shores  with 
the  middle  part  of  the  W  being 
so  many  cages  into  which  the  fish 
crowded  and  were  easily  caught  with 
nets,  spears,  or  even  by  hand.  The 
Indians  would  paddle  about  in  their 
canoes  and  quickly  till  their  frail 
crafts,  take  their  catch  ashore  to  the 
squaws,  who  split  and  cleaned  the 
fish  and  either  laid  them  aside  to 
dry  or  else  hung  them  up  and  smok- 
ed   them   for   winter   use. 

When  the  white  settlers  came 
they  found  the  weirs  in  good  condi- 
tion. They  were  in  use  in  1652, 
and  both  explorers  and  natives  re- 
lied upon  them  for  food.  Fish  war- 
dens were  later  appointed,  wTho 
went  two  days  each  week  to  see 
that    the    fish    were    evenly    divided. 

In  September,  when  the  fish 
went  down  stream  they  were  thin 
and  lean,  but  the  eels  which  mi- 
grated with  them  were  fat  and  in 
their  prime;  so  the  same  weirs, 
with  an  added  contrivance,  was 
used  for  their  capture.  From  the 
lower  points  of  the  W  which  were 
left  open,  passageways  were  built 
about  six  feet  long,  and  at  their 
lower  ends  holes  were  dug  about 
three  feet  deep  and  four  feet  across, 
in  which  wicker  baskets  were  sunk. 
Into  these  the  struggling,  slippery 
eels  would  drop,  and  the  Indians 
could  easily  catch  them. 

The  Wreirs,  being  a  permanent 
settlement  of  Indians,  many  relics 
have  been  found  on  the  site  of 
their  village  and  along  the  shore 
nearby. 

Beside  the  Indian  Settlement 
at  the  Weirs,  there  was,  at  a  much 
earlier  date,  a  strong  Indian  forti- 
fication at  East  Tilton  on  a  point 
of  .land  formed  by  the  Winnipe- 
saukee  River  and  Little  Bay.  This 
was    doubtless     one    of     a    chain    of 


LAKE  WINNIPESAUKEE 


291 


forts    built  by    the    Penacooks  and 

their  eastern  allies,  the  Pequaukets. 

In   times  of  war,   Winnipesaukee 

was  a  great   rallying     place   for     the 

various    bands    of   Red    Men. 

The  waters  of  the  lake  furnished 
them  with  an  inexhaustible  supply 
of  food  and  the  water  ways,  or  the 
ice,  supplied  easy  methods  of  travel 
in  various  directions. 

Most  of  the  roving  Indians 
which  attacked  the  New  Hampshire 
and  eastern  and  central  Massachu- 
setts settlements  came  from  Can- 
ada   by    way   of    \\  innipesaukee. 

The  old  Indian  trail  stretched 
from  St.  Lawrence  to  the  ocean. 
It  ran  through  Pieneville,  near 
Montreal,  along  the  St.  Francis 
River  ,  across  Lake  Memphrema- 
gog.  then  through  dense  woods  to 
the  Connecticut  River,  down  this 
water  way  to  the  region  of  what 
is  now  Haverhill,  Xew  Hampshire, 
across  the  ridge  near  Mooselaukee 
to  Warren,  down  Bakers  River, 
Asquam  Lake,  by  Winnipesaukee 
and  the  Pemmigawasset,  along 
to  Alton  Bay,  and  from  there  across 
the  country  to  the  coast. 

Cotton  Mather  in  1702  thus  de- 
scribes the  carrying  away  of  one 
woman  captive  after  an  expedition 
against    Dover. 

"It  was  a  terrible  march,  through 
the  thick  woods  and  a  thousand 
other  miseries,  till  they  came  to 
the  Norway  Plains  (Rochester.) 
From  thence  they  made  her  go  to 
the  end  of  Winnopisseog  Lake,  and 
from  thence  eastward,  through 
horrid  swamps,  where  sometimes 
they  must  scramble  over  huge  trees 
fallen  by  storm  or  age,  for  a  vast 
way  together,  and  sometimes  they 
must  climb  up  long,  steep,  tire- 
some, and  almost  inaccessible 
mountains — a  long  and  sad  jour- 
ney she  had  of  it — in  the  midst  of 
a  dreadful  winter — at  last  they  ar- 
rived in  Canada." 

Probably  the  first  white  people 
to   pass    over     this     trail,   were    the 


captives  thus  carried  by  the  In- 
dians, and  the  discomforts  and  fear 
which  they  endured  doubtlessly 
drove  all  thought  for,  or  apprecia- 
tion of,  the  wonderful  beaut}-  of  the 
country    from    their    minds. 

The  name  "Winnipesaukee"  is 
taken  from  the  Algonquin  language 
and  has  been  variously  translated 
as  meaning  "The  Smile  of  the 
Great  Spirit,"  "Good  Water  with 
Large  Pour  out  Place,"  and  "Beau- 
tiful W^ater  in  a  High   Place." 

J.  Hammond  Trumbull,  who  has 
made  an  extensive  study  of  Indian 
Geographical  names,  tells  us  that 
the  real  meaning  of  the  word  is 
simply  "Good  Water  Discharge," 
the  name  evidently  applying  for- 
merly to  the  outlet,  rather  than 
to   the   lake    itself. 

Judge  Chandler  E.  Potter  in  his 
excellent  book  on  "The  History  of 
Manchester"  is  responsible  for  the 
translation  reading  "Beautiful 
Water  in  a  High  Place,"  regarding 
which  J.  Hammond  Trumbull  says, 
in  part,  "Judge  Potter  is  demon- 
strably wrong,  inasmuch  as  he  as- 
sumes that  IS  or  ES  represents 
KE2ES,  meaning  high,  to  which  as- 
sumption there  are  two  objections  ; 
the  first  being  that  there  is  no  evi- 
dence that  any  such  word  as  KEEiS, 
meaning  high,  is  to  be  found  in  any 
Algonquin  language,  and  secondly, 
that  KEES  could  not  possibly  drop 
its  initial  K  and  still  preserve  its 
meaning." 

The  name  of  this  lovely  lake 
has  been  spelled  in  a  multitude  of 
ways.  One  writer  tells  us  that  he 
actually  found  in  various  kinds  of 
manuscript,  132  different  forms  of 
spelling.  Of  that  number  "Winni- 
pesaukee" is  most  commonly  used 
at  the  present  time,  while  the  rive 
following  will  give  the  reader  an 
idea  of  the  peculiar  variations  of 
which    the    word    is    possible. 

WINNIPISEOKEE  W  [  XEPISEOKA 

WTNEPESOCKY  VVINNEPESEGCKEE 

NIKISIPIQUE 


*m 


PASCATAQUACK  AND  KENEBECK 


Bv  Eluin  L.  Pane. 


Both  Bradford  and  VVinthrop  have 
preserved  the  story  of  the  poacher 
from  Piscataqua  who  invaded  tlie 
Plymouth  trading  patent  on  the  Ken- 
nebec. How  lie  there  met  a  tragic 
end.  and  the  consequences  which  fol- 
lowed, including  the  detention  of 
John  Alden,  the  intervention  of  Miles 
Standish,  and  indirectly  the  imprison- 
ment of  Edward  Winslow  in  the 
Fleet,  make  an  interesting  narrative 
collateral  to  early  New  Hampshire 
history.  Strangely       enough       this 

story,  which  involves  so  many  ar- 
resting personalities,  has  been  over- 
looked  by    our   general   historians. 

The  Plymouth  Colony  struggled  out 
of  debt  by  means  of  Indian  trade. 
Beaver  was  her  economic  salvation. 
But  furs  were  scarce  in  the  vicinity 
of  Plymouth,  and  after  the  harvest 
of  1625  Winslow  and  other  -  "old- 
standers"  took  a  boat-load  of  corn 
to  the  Kennebec  and  returned  with 
seven  hundred  pounds  of  beaver,  be- 
sides other  furs.  The  next  year,  or 
perhaps  the  next  but  one.  the  trouble- 
some Thomas  Morton  beat  them  in 
the  race  to  Maine  and  hindered  the 
Plymouth    folk    of   a    season's    furs. 

Allerton.  in  England  in  1627, 
sought  a  patent  on  the  Kennebec  for 
the  Plymouth  Colony.  This  he 
brought  over  the  following  year,  but 
"so  straite  &  ill  bounded,  as  they 
were  faine  to  renew  &  inlarge  it  the 
next  year."  As  thus  corrected,  the 
patent  included  several  hundred  square 
miles.  Upon  it.  in  1628.  Plymouth 
set  up  a  permanent  trading  house  at 
Cushnoc,  now  Augusta.  At  the 
same  time  the  Plymouth  traders  found 
a  better  medium  of  exchange  in 
"wampampeake,"  which  they  first  in- 
troduced in  the  buying  of  furs  in 
those  parts.  The  value  of  wampurn 
was  taught  them  by  their  Dutch 
neighbors  -not  the  only  instance  of 
friendly  aid  from  that  direction. 
Thus    the    colony   on    Cape    Cod    Bay 


found  itself  doubly  intrenched 
against  "those  of  Piscataqua,"  who 
had  already,  as  Bradford  notes,  shown 
some  disposition  to  invade  the  terri- 
tory Which  Plymouth  had  opened  up 
to  the  fur  trade. 

This  was  the  situation  when,  in  the 
spring  of  1634,  the  poacher  sailed  his 
bark  up  the  Kennebec.  His  name 
was  John  Hockin,  or  Hocking.  From 
which  of  the  Piscataqua  settlements 
he  came  can  be  inferred  only  from 
the  statement  of  Winthrop  that  he 
employed  a  pinnace  belonging  to 
Lord  Say  and  Lord  Brook.  He  must, 
therefore,  have  come  from  Dover, 
for  a  year  or  two  earlier  Lords  Say 
and  Brook.  Sir  Richard  Saltonstall 
and  others  had  purchased  the  former 
Hilton  interests  upon  the  recommen- 
dation of  their  Massachusetts  friends. 
Probably  Hocking  was  one  of  the 
uqw  emigrants  sent  from  England  in 
1633,  producing  what  Mr.  James 
Truslow  Adams  has  termed  "a  series 
of  explosions,  which  subsequently 
prepared  the  way  for  annexation  by 
Massachusetts." 

So  Hocking  came  to  Cushnoc.  It 
immediately  became  evident  that  fair 
competition  was  no  part  of  his  plan; 
that  he  intended  to  go  up  river  be- 
yond the  Plymouth  house,  and  thus 
cut  oft  the  trade  with  the  Indians 
bearing  furs  from  the  north.  He 
was  forbidden  to  do  so ;  he  was  urg- 
ed not  to  do  the  patentees  "that  in- 
jurie.  nor  goe  aboute  to  miring  their 
liberties,  which  had  cost  them  so 
dear.  But  he  answered  he  would  goe 
up  and  trade  ther  in  dispite  of  them, 
and  lye  ther  as  longe  as  he  pleased." 

There  was  but  one  retort  left  to 
the  troubled  traders  of  Plymouth: 
their  patent  authorized  them  to  make 
prize  of  "all  such  persons,  their  ships 
and  goods,  as  shall  attempte  to  in- 
habite  or  trade  with  ye  savage  people 
of  that  countrie."  And  so,  as  Brad- 
ford tells  the  story :  "The  other  tould 


PASCATAQUAK  AND   KENEBECK 


293 


him  he  must  then  be  forced  to  remove 
him  from  thence,  or  make  seasure  of 
him  if  he  could.  He  bid  him  doe 
his  worste,  and  "so  went  up,  and 
anchored  ther." 

Bradford  proceeds: 

"The  other  tookc  a  boat  &  some  men 
&  went  up  to  hire.,  when  he  saw  his 
time,  and  againe  enaeated  him  to  de- 
par  te  by  what  perswasion  he  eon  Id. 
But  all  in  vaine:  lie  could  gett  nothing 
of  him  but  ill  words.  So  he  considred 
that  now  was  ye  season  lor  trade  to 
come  downe,  and  if  he  should  suiter  him 
to  lye,  &  take  it  from  them,  all  ther 
former  charge  would  be  lost,  and  they 
had  better  throw  up  all.  So,  consult- 
ing with  his  men,  (who  were  willing 
thertoe,)  he  resolved  to  put  him  from 
his  anchores,  and  let  him  drive  downe 
y"c  river  with  ye  streame;  but  comanded 
y°  men  y*  none  should  shoote  a  shote 
upon  any  occasion,  except  he  comand- 
ed   them." 

But  this  peaceful  procedure,  so  far 
less  drastic  than  the  seizure  authoriz- 
ed  by    the   patent,    resulted   tragically. 

"He  [the  nameless  Plymouth  leader] 
spoake  to  him  againe,  but  all  in  vaine; 
Lhen  he  sente  a  cuple  in  a  canow  to  cutt 
his  cable,  the  which  one  of  them  per- 
form.es;  but  Hocking  taks  up  a  pece 
which  he  had  laved  ready,  and  as  ye 
barke  shered  by  }e  canow,  he  shote  him 
close  under  ye  side,  in  ye  head,  (as  I 
take  it,)  so  he  fell  downe  dead  instant- 
ly. One  of  his  fellows  (that  loved  him 
well)  could  not  hold,  but  with  a  muskett 
shot  Hocking,  who  fell  downe  dead  and 
never  speake  word.  This  was  ye  truth 
of  ye  thing." 

Hocking's  men  returned  to  Dover, 
whence  there  soon  went  to  Lord  Say 
and  Lord  Brook  a  letter  leaving  out 
every  circumstance  except  that  the 
inoffensive  Hocking  had  been  killed 
in  cold  blood  by  men  from  Plymouth. 
Their  Lordships  in  England  were 
much  offended  until,  as  will  later  ap- 
pear, they  learned  the  whole  story. 

Meanwhile  the  news  spread  quickly 
and  came  to  the  Bay  in  a  much  dis- 
torted form.  The  Bay  people,  as  al- 
ways, were  gloriously  shocked  with 
the  misdeeds  of  others.  The  col- 
onists at  Plymouth,  having  all  the 
facts,  were  "sadly  affected  with  ye 
thing."       The  conscience  of   the  Bay- 


took  upon  that  colony  the  customary 

duty  of  dealing  with  an  affair  which 
was  none  of  their  business — unless, 
indeed,  England's  reaction  to  the 
homicides  might  affect  the  home- 
land's attitude  towards  the  colonial 
question   in   general. 

So  when,  shortly  afterwards,  the 
Plymouth-  vessel  had  business  at 
Boston  and  John  Alclen  went  thither, 
he  was  clapped  into  prison  upon  com- 
plaint of  a  kinsman  of  Hocking. 
Alden  had  been  on  the  Kennebec, 
though  not  party  to  the  trouble. 
This,  to  use  Bradford's  mild  lan- 
guage, "was  thought  Strang'''  at  Ply- 
mouth. 

Forthwith  Captain  Standish  was 
sent  to  the  Bay  to  give  true  informa- 
tion and  procure  Alden's  release. 
His  mission  was  partly  successful. 
As  appears  from  Governor  Dudley's 
letter  to  Bradford,  the  Bay  magistra- 
tes, conceiving  that  the  Plymouth 
men  had  possibly  acted  within  their 
rights,  set  Alden  at  liberty,  but  bound 
Standish  to  appear  twelve  days  later 
with  sworn  copies  of  the  patent  and 
proofs  of  the  provocation  given  by 
Hocking.  Having  thus  maintained 
the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts 
Bay  to  try  men  of  another  colony  for 
acts  committed  far  from  the  bounds 
of  Massachusetts,  Dudley  absolved 
himself  from  all  unkindness,  wished 
recovery  of  health  to  Bradford,  sent 
loving  remembrances  to  Governor 
Prince,  Winslow  and  Brewster,  and 
added,  "The  Lorde  keepe  you  all. 
Amen.  Your  very  loving  friend  is 
our   Lord  Jesus,   THO:   DUDLEY." 

Standish  seems  to  have  appeared 
in  the  Massachusetts  Court  in  ac- 
cordance with  his  bond  and  to  have 
borne  a  letter  from  Governor  Prince 
demanding  the  rights  of  his  colony. 
Dudley  was  probably  inclined  to  the 
Plymouth  view,  but  the  Court  was 
seriously  divided,  and  instead  of 
pressing  for  a  decision,  he  advised 
Bradford  to  Wait,  as  "time  cooleth 
distempers." 

Perhaps  not  a  little  of  the  strained 


294 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


relations  between  the  two  colonics 
grew  from  the  incident  of  1631,  when 
a  boat  from  the  Bay  traded  for  corn 
with  the  Indians  on  Cape  Cod.  which 
Plymouth  viewed  as  her  preserve. 
A  Salem  pinnace,  going  for  the  Same 
purpose,  was  driven  by  storm  into 
Plymouth,  where  the  Governor  for- 
bade such  trading",  and  said,  it  would 
be  opposed  by  force,  "even  to  spend- 
ing  of   their  lives." 

In  Plymouth  there  was  every  dis- 
position to  view  the  Massachusetts  at- 
titude as  "more  then  was  mete,"  but 
"perswaded  what  was  done  was  out 
of  godly  zeale,  that  religion  might 
not  suffer,  nor  sinne  any  way  cover- 
ed or  borne  with,  especially  ye  guilte 
of  blood,"  they  determined  to  meet 
their  intrusive  neighbors  in  a  Chris- 
tian spirit.  So.  in  order  to  mollify 
them,'  they  sought  advice  and  direc- 
tion from  Winthrop  and-  other  rev- 
erend magistrates  at  Boston.  Pro- 
bably, also,  they  thought,  as  Dudley 
did,  that  troubles  might  come  over  in 
the  next  ship  from  England,  and  that 
a  united  front  was  desirable. 

Winthrop  suggested  a  sort  of  inter- 
colonial court  to  include  representa- 
tives from  neighboring  plantations, 
especially  from  Piscataqua  and  Mas- 
sachusetts, with  "full  power  to  order 
&  bind,  &c,"  providing  that  the  liber- 
ties of  no  place  be  prejudiced;  and, 
as  "ye  preist  lips  must  be  consulted 
with,"  the  ministers  of  every  planta- 
tion should  be  present  to  give  advice, 
in  point  of  conscience.  This  seemed 
dangerous,  but  Plymouth,  having  the 
courage  of  a  good  conscience,  invited 
Massachusetts,  Salem  and  Piscataqua 
to  attend  at  Boston,  with  any  others 
they  desired   to  bring. 

As  an  intercolonial  court,  the  meet- 
ing at  Boston  was  a  failure ;  only 
Plymouth  and  Boston  answered  the 
call.  Nevertheless  it  was  a  satisfac- 
tory lovefeast  for  both  parties.  The 
Bay  peopde  were  satisfied  because  they 
had  an  opportunity  to  assume  a  quasi- 
jurisdiction  over  the  killings  on  the 
Kennebec ;    it    gave    their    magistrates 


and  divines  occasion  to  exercise  their 
casuistical  arts  in  a  moot-court.  Ply- 
mouth, was  satisfied  because  the  con- 
clusion reached  was  favorable  to 
them.  Both  were  satisfied  with  the 
complete  agreement  reached  as  to 
means  for  avoiding  trouble  with 
their  common  enemies  in  England. 

From  Plymouth  came  Bradford, 
"Win slow  and  the  Reverend  Ralph 
Smith.  They  were  met  by  Winthrop, 
the  Reverend  John  Cotton  and  the 
Reverend  John  Wilson.  First  they 
sought  the  Lord.  Then  they  dis- 
cussed "some  passages  at  which  they 
had  taken  offence."  but  these  were 
"soon  cleared."  Probably  there  was 
early  agreement  in  the  statement  of 
Winthrop  that  the  incident  "had 
brought  us  all  and  the  gospel  under 
a  common  reproach  of  cutting  one 
another's  throats  for  beaver."  In 
this  Christian  spirit  they  discussed  the 
issues. 

The  first  question  was  the  right  of 
the  Pilgrims  to  hinder  others  from 
trading  at  the  Kennebec.  The 
patent  clearly  answered  in  the 
affirmative.  But  the  joint-council 
did  not  stop  at  this  point.  Winthrop 
had  some  legal  learning,  and  he  now 
declared  for  the  first  time  his  theory 
of  vacuum  domiciliiim;  the  place  had 
been  found  untenanted  by  Indians 
and  held  in  possession  divers  years 
without  interruption  or  claim  of  any 
of  the  natives ;  adverse  claims  of 
Englishmen  like  Morton  could  not 
impeach  the  rights  of  the  first  white 
occupants.  A  few  years  later  Win- 
throp availed  himself  of  the  same 
principle  in  support  of  the  claim  of 
Massachusetts  to  the  Hampton  lands 
granted  by  the  Indians  (but  not  oc- 
cupied by  them)  to  Wheelwright. 
In  course  of  time  the  maxim  of 
vacuum  domiciliiim  became  New  Eng- 
land law. 

But,  granted  the  right,  in  point  of 
conscience  could  Plymouth  stand  on 
it  so  far  as  to  hazard  any  man's  life 
in  defence  of  it?  This  was  the  field 
of    the    ministers.     Plymouth    alleged 


PASCATAQtJAK  AND   KENEBKCK 


295 


that  their  man  had  killed  Hocking-  in 
defence  of  the  second  Pilgrim  who 
was  about  to  be  shot,  at  the  same 
time  admitting  a  breach,  of ''"the  Sixth 
Commandment  in  not  waiting  to  pre- 
serve their  rights  by  other  means 
than  killing.  They  wished  it  had  not 
been  done ;  they  would  guard  against 
it  in  future.  Was  it  urged  that  the 
man  who  fired  on  Hocking  from  the 
pinnace  "loved  well"  the  man  who 
had  been  murdered  in  the  canoe? 
The  record  does  not  state.  Through- 
out the  discussion,  only  the  highest 
grounds  of  morality  seem  to  have 
been  touched.  Plymouth's  frank- 
ness and  forbearance  were  met  by 
Massachusetts   with   "grave     &   godly 

exhortations which    they   allso 

imbraced     with   love     &   thankfullnes 

And  thus  was  this  matter    ended, 

and  ther  love  and  concord  renewed." 

Forty  days  later  Bradford  and  Col- 
lier went  to  Boston  by  appointment 
to  meet  Captain  Wiggin.  Governor  at 
Dover,  about  Hocking's  death.  Wig- 
gin  apparently  did  not  appear.  The 
manly  advances  of  the  Pilgrims  seem 
never  to  have  been  met  halfway  by 
Piscataqua. 

Edward  Winslow  was  sent  to  Eng- 
land with  letters  from  Winthrop  and 
Dudley  to  Lord  Say  and  others. 
These,  with  letters  from  Plymouth 
and  the  verbal  explanations  of  Win- 
slow  ,  readily  satisfied  the  English 
proprietors  of  Dover,  who  in  October, 
had  written  Winthrop  that  they  had 
forborne  sending  a  man-of-war  to 
batter  down  the  Kennebec  trading 
house,  hoping  that  the  Bay  people 
would  join  with  Wiggin  in  seeing  jus- 
tice done.  Winslow  took  over  nearly 
four  thousand  pounds  of  beaver,  be- 
sides other  furs,  so  that  Plymouth's 
season  at  the  Kennebec  had  a  rich 
reward. 

Winslow  tarried  in  England  to  per- 
form other  missions,  one  of  which 
was  the  answer  of  complaints  made 
at  the  Council  Board  against  the  con- 
duct of  affairs  in  New  England, 
chiefly  at  the  Bay.       All     was  going 


well,  and  Winslow  seemed  about  to 
get  authority  for  the  colonies  to  re- 
sist encroachments  of  the  French  in 
Maine  and  of  the  Dutch  on  the  Con- 
necticut, when  he  found  this  ran 
counter  to  the  plan  of  Archbishop 
Laud  to  send  over  Sir  Ferdinando 
Gorges  as  Governor  General  of  all 
Xew  England. 

At  this  point  Morton  of  Merry- 
mount  re-appeared.  Himself  the 
first  poacher  on  the  Kennebec  patent, 
shortly  after  dispossessed  of  his  plan- 
tation by  Standish  for  other  mis- 
deeds, and  finally  banished  by  Mas- 
sachusetts Bay  and  watching  the  fir- 
ing of  his  buildings  as  he  sailed  down 
Boston  Harbor  on  his  way  back  to 
England,  he  was  now  only  too  pleas- 
ed to  whisper  in  the  Archbishop's  ear 
information  which  caused  Laud  to 
smile    grimly. 

On  Winslow's  next  appearance  be- 
fore the  Council.  Morton  made  cer- 
tain formal  complaints.  Winslow 
met  them  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
Board,  who  rebuked  Morton  and 
blamed  Gorges  and  Mason  for  coun- 
tenancing him.  Thus  faded  Gorges' 
dream  to  be  Governor  General.  But 
Laud  now  played  the  trumps  which 
Morton  had  dealt  him.  He  question- 
eded  Winslow.  Had  he  taught  in 
the  church  publicly?  Had  he  of- 
ficiated at  marriages?  To  both 
Winslow  confessed,  justifying  the 
former  by  the  want  of  a  minister 
in  the  earlier  days,  and  the  latter  by 
the  fact  that  marriage  was  a  civil 
thing  belonging  to  the  function  of  the 
magistrates  and  having  scriptural 
countenance.  The  Archbishop,  "by 
vemente  importunity,"  induced  the 
Board  to  commit  Winslow.  So  for 
seventeen  weeks  the  Puritan  agrent  lay 
in  the  Fleet.  Thereby  the  New  Eng- 
enders lost  their  petition  for  leave 
to  repulse  foreign  invasion,  but  the 
Puritans  for  a  time  postponed  the 
sending    of   a    Royal    Governor. 

And  so  the  Pilgrims  traded  at  the 
Kenebec,  not  forever  after  (that 
would   be  too     much   like   the      fairy 


2% 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


story)  but  until  1662.  when  trade  fell 
off.  By  thai  time,  however,  the  little 
colony  planted  on  a  rather  unproduc- 
tive shore  had  wen  a  sound  pros- 
perity. The  beaver  had  saved  them. 
Meanwhile,  in  1646,  Father  Drouil- 
lette  came  down  from  Canada  and 
visited  the  station.  John  Winslow, 
then  the  agent,  gave  him  hearty  wel- 
come and  allowed  him  to  plant  a 
Jesuit  mission  for  the  Indians  just 
above  Cushnoc.  Those  who  view 
the  settlers  of  New  England  as  con- 
sistently intolerant  will  note  that  the 
liberal  course  of  John  Winslow  was 
approved  generally  by  the  clergy  of 
the  time. 

One  other  incident,  in  1639,  also 
no  part  of  our  story,  deserves  men- 
tion for  its  antiquarian  interest.  It 
is  one  of  those  naive  stories  of  Provi- 


dential interposition  which  Winthrop 
loved  to  relate.  The  Indians  on  the 
Kennebec  wanted  food  and  were 
tempted  by  the  great  store  at  the 
trading  house.  They  conspired  to 
kill  the  English  for  their  provisions. 
Coming  into  the  house,  they  found 
the  master,  Mr.  Willett.  '  "Being 
reading  in  the  Bible,  his  contenance," 
as  Winthrop  gravely  records,  "was 
more  solemn  than  at  other  times,  so 
as  he  did  not  look  cherefully  upon 
them,  as  he  was  wont  to  do;. where- 
upon they  went  out  and  told  their 
fellows,  their  purpose  was  discover- 
ed. They  asked  them,  how  could  it 
be.  The  others  told  them,  that  they 
knew  it  by  Mr.  Willet's  countenance, 
and  that  he  had  discovered  it  by  a 
book  that  he  was  reading.  Where- 
upon they  gave  over  their  design." 


HOMESICK. 

By  Cora  S.  Day. 

Through   Indian   Summer's  smoky  haze, 

Or   Winter's  veil  of  snow; 
In    Summer's    blazing   heart   of   gold. 

When   Spring's   white  blossoms  blow 
Though  sunshine  light  the  day  for  me, 

Or  rain  blot  out  the  view; 
My   dreaming   heart   is   breaking,   dear, 

For  you,   sweetheart,   for  you. 


The  South,  may  call  me  to  its  arms, 
The    West   to   venture   high ; 

The  North   may  send  its  cooling  breath 
I   turn   from   them   and  sigh 

For  dear  New  England's  rocky  hills. 
For  .steep   paths   that  we   knew. 

Dear,   when   I'm   free,   I'm   coming  back- 
Back   home,    sweetheart, to   you. 


3^7 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY  DAY 


There  was  a  time,  early  in  the  his- 
tory of  New  England,  when  men  from 
Massachusetts  played  a  large  part  in 
the  history  of  New  Hampshire;  but 
ever  since  John  Stark  marched  to 
Bunker  Hill  the  shoe  has  been  on  the 
other  toot.  From  Daniel  Webster 
and  Henry  Wilson  down  to  the  pres- 
ent time  the  Granite  State  has  been 
exporting  brains  to  the  Bay  State, 
much     to   the     benefit  of   the     latter 


1 


be 


Chan xiNG  H.  Cox 

commonwealth,      whatever      may 
said  as  to  our  own. 

Why  we  repeat  here  and  now  this 
widely  known  and  often  mentioned 
fact  is  because  of  the  prominence 
being  given  at  this  time  of  writing  to 
the  candidacy  of  two  men  of  Xew 
Hampshire  birth  for  the  most  im- 
portant   office^    to   be    filled      by      the 


voters      of 


assachusetts      at      the 


November    election;    Governor    Chan- 
ning  H.  Cox,  Republican,   for  re-elec- 
tion, and  Sherman  L.  Whipple,  Demo- 
crat,   for    United   States   Senator. 
Governor  Cox   was  born     in   Man- 


ehester,  Feb.  28,  1879;  the  son  of 
Charles  F.  and  Evelyn  (Randall) 
Cox,  and  prepared  in  the  public 
schools  of  that  city  for  Dartmouth 
College  where  he  graduated  in  1901, 
taking  his  LL.  B.  from  Harvard 
Daw  School  three  years  later.  His 
career  in  the  politics  of  his  adopted 
state  has  been  one  of  remarkably  un- 
broken success  and  includes  eight 
years  in  the  legislature  f  three  terms 
speaker  of  the  House),  two  years  as 
lieutenant  governor  and  two  vears  as 
governor.  Ability  and  courage, 
tact  and  good  fellowship  have  been 
equal  components  in  his  distinguished 
career,  which  has  net  yet  reached  its 
culmination.  It  is  impossible  for  his 
friends  and  admirers  in  his  native 
state  to  believe  that  his  administrative 
economies,  the  excellence  of  his  ap- 
pointments and  the  general  high 
standard  of  his  service  as  Governor 
are  not  so  well  appreciated  in  Mas- 
sachusetts as  to  make  his  renomina- 
tion  and   re-election  sure. 


At  our  request,  Mr.  Henry  H.  Met- 
calf,  who  of  all  Xew  Hampshire 
men,  perhaps,  knows  Mr.  Whipple 
best  and  is  in  most  thorough  sympathy 
with  his  political  principles,  has  writ- 
ten   of    him    as    follows : 

"The  recent  announcement  by  Sher- 
man L.  Whipple,  the  eminent  Bos- 
ton lawyer,  of  his  candidacy  for  the 
Democratic  nomination  for  United 
States  Senator  from  Massachusetts, 
to  succeed  Henry  Cabot  Lodge,  whose 
term  expires  on  the  4th  of  March 
next,  calls  attention  to  another 
native  of  Xew  Hampshire,  conspicu- 
ous in  the  professional  and  public  life 
of    the    old    Bay    State. 

"Mr.  Whipple,  who  was  born  in 
the  town  of  Xew  London.  March  4. 
1862.  is  a  great  grandson  of  Moses 
Whipple,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
the  town  of  Croydon,  long  its  fore- 
most citizen,  who  commanded  a  com- 


298 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


pany  under  Stark  at  Bennington. 
His  father  was  Dr.  Solon  ion  M. 
Whipple,  long  a  prominent  physician 
of  New  London,  who  married  Henri- 
etta Kimball  1  Jersey  of  Sanbornton. 
"He  fitted  for  college  at  Colby 
Academy,  and  graduated  with  high 
honor  from  Yale  College  in  L88T, 
when  19  years  of  age.  and  from  Yale 


by  able  and  experienced  practitioners, 
he  has  made  his  way.  to  the  front, 
through  patient  and  persevering  effort, 
till  he  now  holds  first  place  among 
the  successful  lawyers  of  the  New 
England  Metropolis  both  as  regards 
the  extent  of  his  practice  and  the 
measure  of  material   returns. 

"This  success   has  been  attained  by 


' 

i. 
i 

4 

"ill 
.  i 

Sherman  L. 

YYlJ  [PPLE 

Law  School  in  1884,  in  which  year 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  com- 
menced practice  in  .Manchester. 
His  ambition,  however,  sought  a 
larger  and  more  promising  field,  and 
he  removed  in  the  following  year  to 
Boston,  where  he  has  since  been  in 
practice,  and  where,  though  commenc- 
ing as  a  young  man  among  strangers, 
backed  by  no  interests,  and  command- 
ing the  assistance  of  no  powerful 
friends,   with   the  field   well  occupied 


untiring  devotion  to  the  demands  of 
his  profession.  If,  as  has  been  said, 
'The  Law  is  a  jealous  Mistress,'  it 
has  found  him  a  most  loyal  devotee. 
While  keeping  abreast  with  the  times 
in  his  familiarity  with  the  world's 
activities  in  all  lines  of  human  pro- 
gress, and  especially  in  the  political 
field,  and  while  devotedly  attached  to 
the  principles  of  the  Democratic  party. 
in  whose  faith  lie  was  reared,  he  has 
given    his   undivided   attention   to   the 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY    DAY 


299 


work  of  his  profession,  in  which  he 
has  ever    Found   delight. 

"In  turning  his  attention  now  to 
the  field  of  politics,  after  attaining 
the  summit  of  professional  success, 
Mr.  Whipple  is  actuated  by  no  per- 
sona! ambition.  He  yields  only  to  the 
persistent  appeals  of  party  leaders 
and  discerning  men  who  find  in  him 
the  best  hope  for  successful  leadership 
in  a  contest  of  vast  consequence  to 
their  party  and  the  country,  and  an 
awakened   sense  of  personal  duty. 

"Whatever  may  be  the  outcome  of 
the  contest  upon  -which  he  has 
entered — first  for  the  nomination, 
against  prominent  men  in  his  own 
party  already  in  the  held.  and.  if  suc- 
cessful here,  in  the  struggle  for  elec- 
tion against  the  veteran  Senator,  so 
long  entrenched  in  the  office,  there 
can  be  no  question  of  ample  quali- 
fications on  his  part  for  the  position 
he  seeks.  He  is  the  intellectual  peer 
of  any  man  in  the  Senate  today; 
is  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  politi- 
cal history  of  the  nation  and  the  im- 
portant questions  now  at  issue,  is 
heartily  in  sympathy  with  the  masses 
of    the    people   and    can    be    depended 


upon  to  work  for  their  welfare,  as 
against  all  special  interests  or  com- 
binations. The  same  keen  insight, 
clear  comprehension  and  forceful 
readiness  in  speech  and  action,  which 
have  characterized  his  career  at  the 
bar.  will  shortly  make  him  a  leader 
in  the  Senate,  if  elected  thereto. 

"While  his  only  public  service,  thus 
far.  has  been  that  of  a  delegate 
at  large  in  the  last  Massachusetts 
Constitutional  Convention,  in  whose 
deliberations  he  took  a  prominent  part, 
his  merits  and  ability  have  been  duly 
recognized  by  his  party  in  the  past,  in 
that  he  was  twice  given  the  votes  of 
the  Democratic  members  of  the  legis- 
lature for  United  States  Senator,  in 
the  days  when  Senators  were  chosen 
by   that  bod)'. 

"Hundreds  of  people  in  New  Hamp- 
shire who  have  taken  due  pride 
in  the  careers  of  Webster,  Wilson 
and  Weeks,  natives  of  the  Granite 
State,  in  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,  will  await  with  interest  the 
outcome  of  the  contest  upon  which 
Mr.  Whipple  has  entered,  and  will 
heartilv  wish  him  success." 


DREAMERS 

i>V  Cora  S.  Day. 


"Dreamers !"   Men  smile,   and  go  on   their  blind   way. 
All  unseeing,  unheeding,  the  beauty  and   song. 

The  visions  that  make,   for  the  dreamers,  good  day; 
That  shine  in  the  stars,  for  them,  all  the  night  long. 


Dream 


\ve,  the  heaven   and  earth   were  but  dreams. 


•   Ere  God  fashioned  them  out  of  His  heart  and  His  mind. 
The  darkness  that  veils  and  the  sunlight  that  gleams, 
The  earth  and  the  waters,  the  breath  of  the  wind. 


Dreamers — ah  yes.  But  their  dreams  are  the  thread 
Of  which  all  the.  beauty  of  living  is  spun. 

Aye,  dreams  are  their  manna,  their  heavenly  bread; 
God  .gives  them  the  dreams  by  which  heaven  is  won. 


3o 


EDITORIAL 


The    spectacle    afforded    by     Live 

United  States  Senate  in  its  pro- 
tracted attempt  at  tariff  legislation 
is  not  edifying  or  comforting  or 
strengthening  to  one's  faith  in 
democratic  institutions  and  repre- 
sentative government.  Individual, 
sectional  and  occupational  interests 
arc  fighting  their  own  battles  in 
the  highest  forum  of  American 
law-making  and  diligent  perusal  of 
the  Congressional  Record  fails  to 
disclose  the  slightest  recognition 
in  debates  or  votes  of  that  which 
would  be  for  the  good  of  the  nation 
as   a   whole. 

If  we  are  to  have  a  tariff,  it 
should  be  constructed  on  scientific 
principles  by  a  competent  commis- 
sion giving  its  entire  time  to  the 
work.  The  product  of  this  commis- 
sion should  be  accepted  or  rejected 
as  a  whole  by  Congaess  and  the 
mad  muddle  of  amendments  in 
which  the  Senate  is  interminably 
floundering  thus  avoided.  The 
commission  should  be  a  continu- 
ing bod}',  a  recognized  department 
of  the  government,  and  at  each 
session  of  Congress  should  propose 
such  changes  in  the  existing  law 
as  economic  conditions  in  general, 
not  in  particular  congressional  dis- 
tricts, should  demand. 

If  we  are  to  have  a  tariff,  we 
say  again,  let  the  law  be  drawn 
for  the  benefit  of  the  national  treas- 
ur\  and  American  industry  as  a 
whole,  not  because  of  especial  con- 
sideration for  this  or  that  corpo- 
ration or  organization  to  which 
some  Senator  or  Congressman  owes 
his  seat  at  Washington. 

But  let  us  turn  from  the  weird 
mess  at  Washington  to  a  brighter 
government  picture  here  at  home. 
At  the  end  of  the  state  fiscal  year, 


June  30.  1922,  every  New  Hamp- 
shire state  department  and  institu- 
tion was  within  its  appropriation 
for  the  twelve  months.  Not  one 
''deficiency"  shadowed  the  financial 
showing  of  the  year  to  come.  It 
has  been  some  time  since  this  state 
made  so  good  a  reeord,  and  while 
it  may  be  too  early  to  say  that  the 
tide  really  lias  turned  and  that 
there  is  a  chance  for  a  decrease  in 
taxes,  the  evidence  surely  is  ample 
that  economy  and  efficiency  are 
the  vogue  today  among  our  officials. 
Governor  Albert  O.  Brown  has  set 
the  example  from  the  day  of  his 
inauguration  and,  furthermore,  he 
has  given  his  personal  attention  to 
seeing  that  the  standard  he  set  up 
in  this  respect  was  adhered  to  by 
every  person  responsible  for  the  ex- 
penditure of  funds  from  the  state 
treasury. 

Now  it  has  been  shown  that  it 
can  be  done,  it  ought  to  be  easier 
for  future  administrations  to  keep 
all  the  divisions  of  the  state's  ac- 
tivities, each  ambitious  for  achieve- 
ment and  anxious  for  the  develop- 
ment of  its  work,  within  the  finan- 
cial limits  set  by  the  wisdom  of 
the  legislative  appropriations  com- 
mittees. Without  exception,  we 
believe,  these  departments  are  per- 
forming useful  and  valuable  ser- 
vice, capable  of  beneficial  expan- 
sion ;  but  on  the  other  hand  the 
limit  of  wise  'taxation  certainly 
has  been  reached,  if  not  exceeded, 
and  until  new  sources  of  revenue 
are  tapped,  progress  of  state  work 
must  be  on  intensive  father  than 
extensive     lines.  Get     the     best 

budget  we  can  find  and  then  ab- 
solutely keep  within  it  is  the  wise 
governmental  policy  for  Newr 
Hampshire  today  and  every  day. 


<3Z?[ 


BOOKS  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  INTEREST 


Franklyn  Pierre  Davis  of  Enid,  Hall  Crowley,  John  Kearns,  and 
Oklahoma,  is  the  compiler  of  a  new  John  R.  MorelahcL 
kind  of  anthology,  one  of  newspa- 
per verse.  In  1921,  he  read  3,000 
poems,  published  in  the  press  of  this 
country,  while  making-  his  choices. 
hive  per  cent.  150.  he  deemed 
worthy  of  re-appearance  in  his  book 
and    of    these    it     is 


note  that  11  were  first  printed  in 
the  Boston  Transcript  which  is 
second  only  to  the  New  York 
Times,  with  15.  in  this  respect. 
Other  New  England  papers  hon- 
ored are  the  Boston  Post.  Spring- 
field Republican  and  Union.  Brat- 
tleboro  Reformer.  Lewiston  Jour- 
nal and  Sun.  The  only  New 
Hampshire  poet  we  note  in  the 
collection  is  Dr.  Perry  Marshall, 
native  of  Dempster ;  but  several 
Granite  Monthly  contributors  are 
included,    Grace    C.    Howes,    Dillian 


The  Stronger  Eight  by  Marv 
Gertrude  Balch  (The  Cornhill  Pub- 
lishing Company.  Boston,  $1.75) 
is  an  old-fashioned  love  story  told 
in  an  old-fashioned  way  and  none 
the  less  welcome  on  that  account  to 
at  least  one  reviewer.  The  people 
in  it  are  familiar  types,  most  of 
whom  we  are  glad  to  know.  New 
England  country  life  is  contrasted 
with  that  of  a  large  city,  not  at  all 
to  the  disadvantage  of  the  former. 
There  is  a  happy  and  sensible  end- 
ing of  a  not  too  tangled  plot. 
"The  Stronger  Light"  is  not  strong 
at  all  in  the  sense  of  being  intense, 
but  it  is  pleasant,  soothing  and 
good  propaganda  for  the  "stay  on 
the  farm"  movement  which  rural 
New   England  needs  so  much. 


OPULENCE 

By  Alice  Sargent  Krikon'an. 

The  wealth  of  all  the  ages  past  is  mine. 
The  moonlight,  glinting  on  a  silver  lake, 
The  diamond  stars'  tiara, — who  can  take 
From    me   these   gifts. — my    heritage   divine? 
Nor  moth,  nor  rust,  nor  Time,  that  crafty  thief 
Can  rob  me,  when  the  mountain  shadows  fall. 
Of,  deep  in  brake,  the  thrush's  liquid  call 
Guarding  her  nest,  concealed  by  jade-green  leaf. 

Mozart,   Beethoven,  on   symphonic   strings 

That   ancient    orchestra,    the   tumbling   sea 

Is  singing  in  my  ear  their  melody ! 

(Or  so  run  on  my  sweet  imaginings.) 

Yea,  more  than  these,  the  Heart  of  Nature  yields 

Her  whispered  secrets  here,  upon  the  daisied  fields ! 


302  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY, 

THE  HAMPSHIRES 

By  Mary   II.  Hough. 

I  love  old  Hampshire  by  the  sea: 
Mer  ancient   mother-towns 

Of   Winchester   and    Portsmouth, 
Her  sandy  heaths  and  downs  -- 
Her   dimpled   glades   and    valleys. 
Her    stalling    English    leas. 
And  rivers  of  historic  sound 
Like    Avon    and    the    Tees. 

She  hath  her  woods  of   aged   oaks 
hi  ung  with   the   mistletoe. 
-     And  ivied  castle-ruins 

Where   yew   and   holly  grow. 
She  claims  the   Conqueror   William. 
And  on  the  breeze  is  borne 
Across   the   distant   centuries 
A  sound  of  hunter's  horn. 

Oh,  T  love  ancient  Hampshire 
Bleached  by  the  salt-sea  gales. 
But  best  of  all  to  me  the  port 
From    which   my    good    ship    sails  — 
Sails  hack  across  the  ocean 
Toward    my    sturdy    Granite-State. 
New  Hampshire  of  the  hill-side  home: 
Where    blessed    friendships    wait. 

She  hath-  no  moors  of  heather 
Xor   wreathed    fields   of    hops. 
-   But  she  hath  slopes  of  ribboned  corn 
And    laureled    mountain-tops; 
Pastures  asway  with  golden-rod. 
Asters,  and  meadow-sweet — 
Out  to  the  grassy  road-side 
Leads  every  city   street. 

New  Hampshire's   merry   rivers 
Hint  not  of  Shakespeare's  fame, 
But  the>'  are  Laughing-waters 
With  poetry  in  each  name. 
Her  great  primeval   forests 
The  pioneer  has  trod — 
Cathedrals  made  by  nature's  hand 
Where  men  may  talk  with  God. 

Oh,  her  seashore  is  not  down-land, 
She  knows  no   English  lea; 
But  all  her  land  is  home-land, 
Is  home-land  to  me. 


3o3 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  NECROLOGY 


WILLIAM    W;    FLANDERS. 

William  W.  Flanders,  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire  State  Senate  of  1921, 
died  at  his  home  in  North  Wearc,  June  17. 
He  was  born  in  that  town  54  years  ago 
and  from  the  age  of  19  was  engaged  in 
the  wood  turning  business  in  which  he  was 
highly  successful.  He  was  a  leader  in  the 
power  development  of  the  Piscataquog 
river.  His  service  in  the  senate  was  pre- 
ceded by  a  term  in  the  house  of  represen- 
tatives in  1919.  Senator  Flanders  was  a 
member  of  the  Masons,  Eastern  Star,  Odd 
Fellows  and  Rebekahs.  He  also  was  a 
member  of  the  New  England  Fox  Hunters* 
association,  that  sport  being  his  favorite 
recreation.  Mr.  Flanders  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  who  was  Mabel  A.  Thurston  of 
Weare,  and  three  children,  Theodore, 
Russell  and  lsadore,  and  two  grandchildren. 


THOMAS    ENTWISTLE. 

Thomas  Entwistle,  born  in  Hyde,  Ches- 
hire County,  England,  died  in  Portsmouth, 
June  25.  Coming  to  this  country  with  his 
parents  as  a  child,  he  worked  as  a  bobbin 
boy  in  the  Kearsarge  Mills  at  Portsmouth 
until  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War,  when 
he  enlisted  on  June  21.  1861,  in  Company 
D,  Third  Regiment,  N.  H.  V.,  and  served 
until  his  honorable  discharge  August  2, 
1865.  He  was  twice  wounded,  spent  nine 
months  in  Andersonvilie  prison  and.  mak- 
ing his  escape  from  a  prison  train,  hid 
a  thrilling  journey  of  21  days  back  to 
the  Union  lines.  After  the  war  Mr. 
Entwistle  was  at  varous  times  employed 
on  the  Navy  Yard  at  Portsmouth,  was 
at  one  time  deputy  United  States  marshal 
and  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  served  as 
city  marshal  of  Portsmouth.  A  Republi- 
can in  politics,  Mr.  Entwistle  was  elected 
in  succession  selectman,  councilman  and 
alderman  of  his  city,  several  times  repre- 
sentative in  the  legislature,  thrice  sta^e 
senator  and  member  of  the  executive  coun- 
cil of  Governor  Robert  P.  Bass.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Episcopal  church,  of  the 
G.  A.  R.,  Masons  and  L  O.  O.  F.  Two 
daughters,  Mrs.  Wralter  T.  Richards  and 
Miss  Maude  I.  Entwistle,  and  one  son, 
William  T.  survive  him. 


MRS.   MARY   R.   PIKE. 

Mrs.  Mary  R.  Pike,  at  the  time  of  her 
death  the  oldest  person  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, if  not  in  New  England,  was  born 
in  Newftelds,  Sept.  11,  1815,  and  died  there 
May    16.     She    was    the    eighth    of    the    12 


children  of  Rev.  John  and  Mary  (Dodge) 
Brodhead  and  was  the  widow  of  Rev. 
James  Pike,  both  her  father  and  husband 
having  been  members  of  Congress  as  well 
as  prominent  clergymen.  Her  grandfather, 
.Captain  Luke  Brodhead,  served  bn  the 
stall  of  Lafayette.  She  was  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  church  for  94  years  and  of 
the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution. 
Mrs.  Pike  was  a  remarkable  woman.  She 
had  a  keen  mind  and  retentive  memory 
and  to  the  the  last  retained  her  interest 
in  current  events.  She  kept  herself  in- 
formed on  the  progress  of  the  World 
War.  subscribed  to  all  Government  loans, 
and  was  the  first  person  in  Newfields  to 
respond    to    the    Methodist    drive. 


FRANK    G.    WILKINS. 

Frank  G.  Wilkins,  president  of  the  Wash- 
ington (D.  C.)  Market  Company,  who 
died  in  that  city  last  month,  was  born 
in  Warner,  June  \7,  1856.  Left  an  or- 
phan at  an  early  age.  he  became  the  ward 
of  Hon.  Nehemiah  G.  Or  d  way  and  ac- 
companied •  him  to  Dakota  upon  his  ap- 
pointment as  governor  of  that  territory. 
There  Mr.  Wilkins  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  but  from  1886  was  associated  with  the 
Washington  Market,  in  which  Governor 
Ordway  and  the  late  Senator  William  E. 
Chandler  were  largely  interested.  Beside 
being  president  of  the  Washington  Market 
Company  and  the  Terminal  Cold  Storage 
Company.  Mr.  Wilkins  was  a  director  in 
the  Second  National  Bank,  National  City 
Dairy  Company,  and  Congressional  Hotel 
Company,  and  a  member  of  the  Washing- 
ton Stock  Exchange,  Washington  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  United  States  Chamber 
of  Comerce,  and  the  Washington  City  Club. 
In  1887  Mr.  W'ilkins  marrier?  Florence 
N.  Ordway,  who  died  in  1897.  Of  four 
children  born  the  only  survivor  is  Miss 
Nancy  Sibley  Wilkins.  In  1900  Mr. 
Wilkins  married  Elizabeth  M.  Howell  who 
survives    him. 


ADMIRAL  J.   G.  AYERS. 

Rear  Admiral  Joseph  Gerrish  Avers, 
Medical  Corps,  XJ.  S.  N..  retired,  died  at 
Montclair,  N.  J.,  March  21.  He  was  born 
in  Canterbury,  November  3,  1839,  the  son 
of  Charles  FL  and  Almira  S.  (Gerrish) 
Ayers,  and  was  educated  at  the  University 
of  Vermont  and  Columbia  University. 
He  served  in  the  15th  N.  H.  Vols,  as  sec- 
ond and  first  lieutenant,  1862-3,  and  was 
appointed   acting   assistant   surgeon,    United 


304  THE   GRANITE  MONTHLY 

States   Navy,   December    17,   1864.     He  was  jungles  of    South   Africa   and   was   also  at 

retired  November  3,  1901,  with  the  rank  of  one  time  in  charge  of  the  naval  laboratory 

rear    admiral,    having    served    as    fleet    sur-  in    New    York    City..     He  lis    survived    by 

geon    on    the    Asiatic    station,     1895-7.     He  his   widow  and  two  sons,  Joseph.   G.  Ayers, 

had  charge  of  the  first  botanical  expedition.  Jr..  of  Montclair,  and  Charles  A.  Avers  of 

of    the    United    States    government    to    the  Paris. 


EVENTIDE 

B\<  Edward  H.    fichards. 


The   glowing  sun>ct   in   the  west. 
That  nils  our  hearts  with  silent  joy. 

Proclaims  this  day  has  been  its  best 
And    spreads   its   gold   without   alloy 

So  we  who  toil  and  keep  the  right. 

Forgetting   much  of  yesterday. 
May  beautify  on-coming  night 

By  having  done  our  bcst'to-dav. 


WATER  LILIES 

By  Helen  Frazee-Botver. 

White  stars  leaned   from  heaven's  gate 

When   the   sun  was   low. 
Sought   their   image   early,    late, 

In  a  lake  below. 

Water   lilies   tremble,    sigh, 

When  new  sunbeams  wake : 

White  stars  that  forever  lie 
Captive  in  a  lake. 


•  i '  % 


CELIA  THAXTER 

Born  June  1835;  Died  August   1894. 
By  Rcignold  Kent  Marvin. 
A  sandpiper,  grown  tired  of  the  sand, 
Had  faith  to  take  the  challenge  of  the  sea 
And  made  swift  flight  to  far  gray  islands  free 
From  dreary  customs  of  the  ancient  land. 
Then  other  songsters  came,,  a  daring  band, 
Attracted   to  the  sandpiper's  strange  nest; 
The  ocean  found  an  echo  in  her  breast, 
Her  tender  music  those  lone  islands  spanned. 
One  summer  morn  the   sandpiper  was  still, 
No  plaintive  tones  cried  out  to  greet  the  sea, 
The  listening  song  birds  heard  her  voice  no  more, 
Sunshine   itself   was   touched    with    sudden   chill, 
The  wild  rose  gave  no  honey  to  the  bee,— -" 
Fled  was  the  Laureate  of  Appledore. 


•v.. 


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New  Hb        '         State  3V3  aga: 


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IN  Tl  JE: 

BFAUT!FTT.NF^q/;,  ■  3  [IRE 

■  By  A/H.Beardsley 

HARLAN  C.  PEARSON,  Publisher 
CONCORD,  N.  K. 


20  Cents  -       ~  %  AA)  n  ]  ' 

\a    post-office  at  Concord,  N,  H,,  as  secoijd-dass  mail  :  *■  - 


3oS~~3C)b 


Timothy  P.  Sullivan 


- 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Vol.   LIV. 


SEPTEMBER.    19. 


No.  9. 


TIMOTHY  P.  SULLIVAN 

A  Modest  Citizen  of  Concord,  Wno  Kas  Done  Tilings 


New  Hampshire  is  known  as  the 
"Granite  State,"  and  Concord  is  its 
capital.  Moreover  the  capita)  city 
is  noted  for  its  extensive  granite 
quarries  and  the  superiority  "of 
their  product,  more  than  anything 
else ;  though  Concord  wagons  and 
Concord  harness  were  known  all 
over  the  country  for  many  years  in 
the    past. 

The  man  who  has  done  more  to 
exploit  Concord  granite — to  call 
the  world's  attention  to  its  super- 
iority for  building  and  monumental 
purposes — than  any  other,  or  all 
others  combined,  is  a  modest  gen- 
tleman of  Irish  birth,  77  years  of 
age,  now  retired  from  business,  but 
seen  nearly  every  day  on  Main 
street,  whose  name  appears  at  the 
head    of    this    article. 

There  were  Sullivans  in  this 
country  in  goodly  numbers,  before 
the  Revolution  and  some  hundreds 
of  them,  including  the  valiant  Gen- 
eral John  Sullivan  of  Durham — the 
ablest  and  most  trusted  of  Wash- 
ington's lieutenants — were  enrolled 
in  the  patriot  service  during  the 
struggle  in  which  our  indepen- 
dence was  won,  but  this  one  came 
later. 

Timothy  P.  Sullivan  was  horn  at 
Millstreet,  Cork  County,  Ireland, 
December  16,  1844,  son  of  Patrick 
and  Mary  (Moynihan)  Sullivan. 
His  mother  died  while  he  was  very 
young,  and  some  years  later  his 
father  married  a  widow,  named 
Riordan,  who  had  four  sons  in  the 
United  States,  with  the  last  of 
whom    she    came   to    this   country. 


When  Timothy  was  about  sixteen 
years  of  age,  his  father  also  decid- 
ed to  emigrate  to  America,  if  he 
desired  to  go,  and  they  were  soon 
on  the  way,  landing  at  Boston, 
where  his  stepmother  then  had  her 
home.  A  year  later  they  settled 
at  Quincy,  where  Bartholomew' 
Riordan,  the  eldest  of  his  step- 
brothers, was  engaged  as  a  granite 
cutter,  and  through  whose  influ- 
ence the  young  man  was  given  an 
opportunity  to  learn  the  trade,  and 
where  he  spent  three  years  with 
the  Granite.  Railway  Co.,  an  im- 
portant firm  having  a  large  quarry 
property   in    Concord. 

This  Bartholomew  Riordan,  by 
the  way,  married  a  sister  of  the 
late  Maj.  Daniel  B.  Donovan  of 
Concord,  and  made  his  home  at 
West  Quincy,  Mass.,  where  he  ac- 
cumulated a  handsome  property  and 
reared  a  large  family,  and  where 
his  widow  and  children,  now  prom- 
inent  citizens,  are  still  living, 
Mr.  Sullivan's  father  died  at  the 
age  of  85  years,  and  his  remains, 
with  those  of  his  wife  and  Bar- 
tholomew Riordan,  are  buried  in 
the  Catholic  cemetery  at  West 
Quincy. 

After  his  three  years  of  service  at 
Quincy,  Mr.  Sullivan  came  to  Concord 
in  the  employ  of  the  same  firm.  PI  is 
health  was'  not  very  strong  and 
the  work  was  easier  here.  He 
commenced  on  plain  work,  the 
young  cutters  never  being  ^  as- 
signed to  ornamental  work.  Feel- 
ing that  if  he  had  the  opportunity 
he   could     soon     learn    the   carver's 


308 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


art,  he  went  one  day  to  the  office 
of  the  ''Superintendent — Mr.  George 
Sargent — and  asked  him  to  be  al- 
lowed to  try  his  hand  at  carving. 
saying  that  if  his  work  proved  to 
be  of  no  value  he  would  charge 
nothing  for  it,  he  would  pay  for 
tools  and  stone  used.  Mr.  Sargent 
kindly  consented,  put  him  into  the 
carvers'  shed,  gave  him  a  good 
sized  stone,  and  told  him  if  he  de- 
sired any  information  or  advice  at 
any  time,  he  being  a  carver  him- 
self, would  gladly  give  it.  He 
went  at  the  work  and  completed 
in  sixteen  days,  a  job  that  would 
have  taken  one  of  the  old  carvers 
a  longer  time  to  do.  tie  did  little 
plain  work  after  that.  He  soon 
received  an  offer  of  employment 
with  the  Concord  Granite  Co.,  from 
Supt.  Horace  Johnson,  which  he 
accepted  and  did  carving  and 
ether  difficult  work  for  that  com- 
pany. While  there  engaged  Mr. 
David  Blanchard,  owner  of  a  large 
quarry  and  cutting  sheds  at  West 
Concord,  came  to  the  Concord  Co.'s 
sheds,  and  inquired  of  some  of  the 
older  cutters  whom  he  knew,  who 
among  all  the  men  was  a  cutter 
whom  they  could  recommend  to 
him  to  take  charge  of  the  thirty-five 
or  forty  cutters  whom  he  em- 
ployed, the  man  whom  he  then  had 
in  charge  proving  unsatisfactory. 
All  joined  in  recommending  Mr. 
Sullivan, who  was  soon  after  sent  for 
and  engaged  by  Mr.  Blanchard.  He 
did  not  make  the  change  for  increase 
of  pay,  merely,  but  because  of  the 
opportunity  to  learn  how  to  handle 
men,  and  the  business  end  of  the 
granite  trade.  He  spent  three  years 
with  Mr.  Blanchard,  and  then  formed 
a  partnership  with  Mr.  Simeon  Sar- 
gent, in  the  granite  business,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Sargent  &  Sullivan. 
They  sent  out  their  cards  through 
the  country,  and  their  first  order  for 
a  monument  came  from  John  Noble 
of  Stuebenville,  O.  They  started  in 
a  small   shed  near  the   Claremont  R. 


R..  not  far  from  Ferry  St.,  and  soon 
had  twelve  men  at  work.  Soon  after 
they  built  a  shed  where  the  New 
England  sheds  were  later  located, 
made  farther  additions  and  set  up  a 
large  derrick,   so  that  they  were  able. 


to   handle  40  or   50  cutters 


Tl 


soon     bought     .Mr 
and     the     quarry 


granite,  in  the  rough,  came  from  the 
quarry  of  Fuller,  Pressey  Co.  They 
Pressey's  interest 
company  became 
known  as  the  Henry  Fuller  Co.,  Sar- 
gent &   Sullivan  being  half  owners. 

When  the  erection  of  the  U.  S. 
Government  building  in  Concord,  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  Post  Office 
Federal  Courts  and  Pension  Office, 
was  determined  upon,  and  the  gener- 
al contractors — Mead;,  Mason  & 
Co. — called  for  bids  for  the  granite 
for  the  same,  the  firm  put  in  its  bid. 
which  was  found  lower  than  any 
other.  No  move  being  made  to 
award  the  contract,  complaint  was 
finally  made  to  Washington.  An 
agent  of  the  Treasury  Department 
soon  came  to  town,  and  after  due  in- 
vestigation the  general  contractors 
were  ordered  to  award  the  contract  to 
this  company.  They  soon  appeared 
with  a  contract  that  called  for  a 
550.000  bond.  This  was  promptly  fur- 
nished, however,  and  the  stone  for 
the  building  came  from  the  Fuller 
Company's  quarry.  The  building, 
when  completed,  was  pronounced 
the  finest  granite  building  in  the 
country,  and  is  even  now  generally 
so  regarded.  Mr.  Fuller's  interest 
was  soon  bought  by  Sargent  &  Sulli- 
van, who  then  became  sole  owners. 
The  granite  from  this  quarry  was 
considered  the  best  in  the  city,  and 
monuments  made  from  it  thirty-five 
years  ago.  are  bright  and  clean  to- 
day. The  firm  furnished  the  granite 
for  the  new  Concord  Railroad  sta- 
tion, for  the  contractors — Head  & 
Dow  st. 

Mr.  Dowst  liked  the  work  for  the 
Concord  depot  so  well  that  he  told 
Mr.  Sullivan  if  his  firm  would  not 
give  a  bid  to    any    other    contractors. 


TIMOTHY  P.  SULLIVAN 


309 


Head  &  Dowst,  who  were  bidding  for 
the  new  government  building  in 
Manchester,  would  take  no  bids  for 
the  stone  from  any  other  granite 
firms,  and  there  is  good  reason  for 
the  belief  that  Head  &  Dowst  really 
secured  the  contract,  as  they  finally 
did.  on  account  of  the  fine  appear- 
ance of  the  Concord  government 
building. 

The  Sargent  &  Sullivan  firm  were 
sending  monuments  and  other  work 
to  all  parts  of  the  country,  as  well 
as  granite  in  the  rough  state,  and 
soon      found     it     advisable     to     add 


superior  quality  and  the  supply  abund- 
ant for  all  purposes,  prepared  a  good 
sized  sample,  showing  the  different 
classes  oi  cutting  as  well  as  the  rock 
face  and  forwarded  the  ?ame,  Mr 
Sullivan  himself  'soon  after  following 
the  sample  to  Washington,  determined 
to  secure  the  contract  if  possible. 

It  has  been  since  asserted  that 
New  Hampshire  statesmen  in  Wash- 
ington who  had  secured  the  Library 
contract  for  their  state,  were  bound 
to  get  everything  possible  for 
New  Hampshire.  The  simple  truth 
is,  however,  that  no  particle  of  assist- 


- 

j 

,                  < 

.'     ..-.>    |       1         f 

t 

£g  "    • 

■     \   ■ 

•.' . 

p 

Federal   Building,   Concord 


another  quarry  to  their  property. 
This  quarry  had  been  owned  by  a 
Quincy  firm,  which  had  got  into  fi- 
nancial difficulties,  and  was  heavily 
mortgaged  to  Boston  parties,  whose 
interest  was  purchased,  and  after  the 
necessary  legal  prucedure,  the  entire 
property  was  owned  by  Sargent  & 
Sullivan. 

When  plans  were  accepted  by  the 
Government  for  the  Congressional 
Library  building  in  Washington, 
samples  of  granite  from  all  quarries 
in  the  country  were  called  for.  to  be 
sent  to  Washington.  Sargent  &  Sul- 
livan, knowing  their  granite  to  be  of 


ance  was  rendered  Mr.  Sullivan  by 
any  member  of  the  N.  H.  Congres- 
sional delegation,  one  of  whom 
merely  asked  him  if  he  had  any  con- 
ception of  the  magnitude  of  the  work 
called  for  in  the  building!  Maine 
parties  up  to  that  time  had  done 
most  of  the  granite  work  for  the 
government,  and  it  was  taken  for 
granted  that  an  unknown  man  from 
New  Hampshire  would  stand  little  or 
no  chance  of  success  and  he  was  ac- 
cordingly left  to  "go  it  alone."  He- 
made  his  way,  however,  to  the  office 
of  the  chief  architect,  informed  him 
whom  he  was,  told  him  he  had  sent 


310 


the;  granite  monthly 


in  a  sample  of  granite  and  asked 
to  see  his  plans.  He  was  courte- 
ously treated,  shown  the  plans,  and. 
accompanied  by  the  architect,  ex- 
amined all_  the  samples  that  had  been 
sent  in.  The  examination  convinced 
him  that  his  Concord  granite  was  the 
finest  in  color  and  in  strength  o+' 
material   among   the   entire   lot. 

When  bids  were  finally  called  for 
on  the  work,  Sargent  &  Sullivan 
sent  for  a  set  of  plans  and  specifica- 
tions. The  stipulations  concerning 
bonds  were  such  as  to  preclude  bid- 
ding by  many  firms.  It  was  pro- 
vided that  the  bidder  should  own  the 
quarry  ;  should  give  bonds  of  two  pro- 
perty owners  in  $403,000  in  order  to 
have  his  bid  read,  and  agree  to  fur- 
nish bonds  in  $800,000  if  the  work 
was  awarded  him. 

Mr.  Samuel  Sweat,  of  the  firm  of 
Runals,  Davis  &  Sweat,  granite  con- 
tractors of  Lowell,  Mass.,  had  long 
been  a  friend  of  Mr.  Sullivan. 
After  the  receipt  of  the  plans  and 
specifications,  Mr.  Sullivan  spent 
three  weeks  at  the  residence  of  Mr. 
Sweat,  in  company  with  a  son  of 
Mr.  Runals  and  one  of  Mr.  Davis, 
in  going  over  the  matter  and  mak: 
ing  an  estimate,-  and  it  was  arranged 
that  the  firm  would  furnish  the  re- 
quired bonds  for  Sargent  &  Sullivan 
in  case  they  were  given  the  contract. 
About  this  time,  James  G.  "Patterson, 
of  Hartford,  Conn.,  president  of  the 
New  England  Granite  Co.,  at  Wes- 
terly, R.  L,  for  whom  Sargent  &  Sul- 
livan had  furnished  a  large  amount 
of  granite,  having  seen  the  specifi- 
cations, sent  for  Mr.  Sullivan,  for 
a  conference.  He  said  that  he  was 
satisfied  the  granite  called  for  was 
Concord  granite,  and  if  was  arranged 
that  Sargent  &  Sullivan  should  give 
Mr.  Batterson  a  lease  of  one  of  their 
quarries,  in  order  that  he  might  be 
qualified  to  bid.  The  Lowell  firm 
proposed  to  put  in  a  bid,  on  the 
Fuller  quarry  granite,  but  on  advice 
of  Mr.  Batterson,  who  said  there 
would     be    work     enough    for     all    if 


he  got  the  contract,  and  that  if  two 
bids  went  in.  both  for  Sargent  & 
Sullivan  granite,  neither  might  be 
considered,  they  decided  not  to  do  so. 

After  the  bids  were  all  in  and 
considered,  it  was  announced  by 
Chief  Engineer,  Maj.  Gen.  Robert  L. 
Casey  of  the  (J.  S.  Army,  who  wa.s 
authorized  to  erect  the  building,  at  an 
expense  of  $6,500,000.  that  the  con- 
tract for  the  granite  was  awarded  to 
James  G.  Batterson,  the  stone  to  come 
from  the  quarries  of  Sargent  &  Sulli- 
van of  Concord,  X.  H.  Mr.  Sullivan 
states  that  there  is  no  quarry  of  any 
size  in  the  country  whose  granite  is 
white,  with  a  bluish  cast,  except  those 
in  Concord,  and  he  is  of  the  opinion 
that  the  government  made  tests  of 
all  granite  samples,  as  to  color  and 
strength,  before  the  specifications 
were  made.  The  building,  it  may  be 
said,  when  finally  completed,  was 
generally  pronounced  the  largest  and 
handsomest  granite  building  in  the 
world. 

After  the  contract  was  awarded,  it 
was  decided  that  Bernard  R.  Green 
should  be  general  superintendent 
for  the  construction  of  the  building, 
and  that  before  the  work  was  begun 
Mr.  Sullivan  should  travel  with  him 
showing  buildings  in  different  cities 
constructed  of  Concord  granite.  They 
saw  in  Philadelphia,  the  permanent 
Museum,  erected  for  the  Centennial 
Exposition  from  Concord  stone ;  also 
several  buildings  in  New  York;  then 
went  to  Providence,  "R.  I.,  and  in- 
spected the  new  '  City  Hall,  two 
fronts  of  which  were  of  Westerly 
granite,  and  two  others,  as  well  as 
all  the"  columns,  of  Concord.  They 
then  came  to  Boston,  and  to  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H.,'  where  the  Custom 
House,  built  in  1855,  and  still  a  hand- 
some building,  is  of  the  same  stone, 
as  is  that  at  Portland,  Me.,  which 
they  also  inspected.  Coming  up  to 
Manchester  they  saw  there  the  new 
U.  S.  Post  Office  building,  the 
stone  for  which,  as  has  heretofore 
been  said,  was  from  Sargent  &  Sul- 


TIMOTHY 


SULLIVAN 


311 


Kvan's     quarry;     also     the     Soldier's 

Monument  on  Merrimack  Common, 
also  made  of  the  same  stone,  the 
coloring  of  which  Mr.  Green  greatly 
admired.  Coming  finally  to  Concord. 
the  appearance  of  the  old  State 
House,  also  made  of  Concord  granite, 
gave  Mr.  Sullivan  some  worry;  but 
he  explained  that  the  house  was  built 
in  IS  16,  before  the  quarries  were 
really  opened,  arid  there  were  no 
skilled  cutters ;  but  the  columns  and 
corners,  still  of  fine  appearance, 
were  cut  in  1864.  and  Mr.  Green  said 
he  had  never  seen  any  columns  of 
their  age  that  looked  so  well.  They 
then    went    to  the    rear    of  the   State 


cutting  plant  was  constructed,  at 
a  cost  of  over  $75,000.     Quarrymen 

and  cutters  came  in  rapidly  and 
within  eighteen  months  more  than 
450  men  were  at  work  on  the  job. 
It  was  up  to  Mr.  Sullivan  to  make  the 
enterprise  pay,  and  he  was  kept  ex- 
ceedingly- busy,  day  and  night,  be- 
tween the  quarries  and  sheds,  till  he 
finally  became  ill  with  a  heart  trou- 
ble, and  had  to  give  up  work.  Fie 
resigned  and  went'  abroad,  spending 
nearly  three  months  in  travel  through 
Ireland  and  England,  and  returned  to 
Concord  entirely  cured.  He  con- 
sulted Dr.  Walker  as  to  what  his  ill- 
ness  had  been   and   was  told   that  his 


1  i ' 

!\       ,     V 

■  ' 

V ' 

■ 

t 

.4,-.j»$:r';'-:-./-  '. 

i 


• 


' 


Home  of  N.  H.  Histor 
and.  leanin 


against  the  wall 


House, 

gazed  for  some  time  at  the  new 
Government  building.  Finally  Mr. 
Green  said  it  was  the  finest  granite 
building  he  had  ever  seen,  and,  if 
there  had  ever  been  any  doubt,  it 
settled  the  question  of  the  material 
for    the    Congressional    library. 

When  Mr.  Batterson  had  se- 
cured his  contract  and  perfected 
his  plans,  he  proposed  to  buy  the 
entire  property — quarries  and  cut- 
ting sheds — of  Sargent  &  Sullivan. 
They  fixed  their  price,  he  accepted 
the  same,  and  the  transfer  was 
made.  He  then  engaged  Mr.  Sul- 
livan to  take  charge  of  the  work, 
as  general   superintendent.     A   new 


ical  Society,  Concord. 

trouble  had  been  acute  dyspepsia, 
brought  on  by  anxiety,  and  that  he 
would  not  have  lived  three  months 
if  he  had   continued  his  work. 

Some  time  after  his  return  Mr. 
Sullivan  met  Senator  Chandler  on 
the  street,  who  informed  him  that 
he  had  secured  an  appropriation 
for  a  granite  dry  dock  at  Ports- 
mouth, and  desired  him  to  go  down 
there  as  an  inspector,  and  see  that 
the  government  got  what  it  was 
entitled  to.  Mr.  Sullivan  did  not 
care  for  the  job,  but  the  Senator 
insisted,  and  he  finally  corisented 
to  go.  A  civil  service  examination 
had  been  ordered — the  first  ever 
held   at  Portsmouth.       It  was   said 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


the    examination    was   ordered    for 

the  purpose  of  shutting  Mr.  Sulli- 
van out;  but  although  there  were 
seven  competitors  he  was  the  success- 
ful man  and  got  the  job.  His  work 
was  simply  on  the  cut  granite,,  and 
had  no  tiling  to  do  with  the  mason- 
ry. The  dock  was  completed  in 
about  three  years  and  a  half,  when 
he  desired  to  go  home,  but  was 
persuaded  to  remain  and  act  as  a 
general  inspector*  at  the  yard,  look- 
ing after  all  building  operations, 
which  he  did  for  a  year  and  a 
half  longer,  when  he  had  to  resign 
on  account  of  sciatic  rheumatism, 
and  return  home  where  he  spent 
three   months   in   bed. 

Soon  after  he  was  able  to  be 
about  Mr.  Sullivan  was  called  to 
inspect  the  granite  work  for  the 
basement  of  the  new  Senate  office 
building  in  Washington,  which 
was  being  cut  in  Concord,  by  the 
New  England  Granite  Co.  This 
he  was  able  to  attend  to.  and  was 
engaged  about  eight  months  in  this 
work.  No  sooner  was  it  done  than 
he  was  asked  to  go  to  Proctor. 
Yt.,  to  inspect  the  marble  being 
cut  there  for  the  exterior  walls  of 
the  same  building.  This  lie  de- 
clined to  do.  as  he  was  not  a  "mar- 
ble man;"  but  the  government  in- 
sisted, and  he  finally  went.  Dur- 
ing the  first  six  months  a  large 
amount  of  stone  was  condemned, 
and  an  engineer  came  on  from 
Washington  to  advise  him  what 
stone  he  should  not  condemn  ;  but 
Mr.  Sullivan  said  if  he  did  not 
know  what  cracked  marble  was  he 
should  never  have  accepted  the  po- 
sition, and  informed  the  company 
that  he  would  not  condemn  a  stone 
that  was  up  to  the  specifications, 
and  if  they  sent  one  that  he  had 
condemned  and  the  government  ac- 
cepted it,  he  would  not  remain 
48.  hours.  Not  long  before  the 
work  was  completed  Fletcher 
Proctor,  governor  of  Vermont,  and 
son    of  the    Senator,    thanked     Mr, 


Sullivan  for  his  careful  inspection, 
as  it.  had  insured  for  them  the 
credit  of  having  provided  the  finest 
marble  building  in  the  United 
States.  Soon  after  his  return  from 
Vermont,  Mr.  Sullivan  heard  of 
the  proposed  gift  of  a  fine  new 
building  ,to  the  N.  H.  Historical 
Society,  by  Mr.  Edward  Tuck  of 
Paris,  the  same  to  be  of  granite, 
and  the  report  was  that  a  Maine 
granite  was  to  be  used.  The  build- 
ing committee  consisted  of  Messrs. 
B.  A.  Kimball,  S.  C.  Eastman  and 
H.  W.  Stevens,  and  it  appeared 
that  Eastman  and  Stevens  disliked 
the  idea  of  using  Maine  granite  for 
a  historical  building  in  Concord, 
when  the  best  granite  in  the  coun- 
try was  to  be  had  in  Concord  quar- 
ries. Mr.  Sullivan  was  seen  by 
Mr.  Eastman,  who  desired  him  to 
see  and  talk  with  Mr.  Kimball 
about  the  matter.  He  declined  to 
do  so  except  upon  the  invitation 
of  the  latter,  which  soon  came, 
and  an  interview  was  arranged, 
at  which  a  sample  of  the  proposed 
Maine  granite  was  shown.  Mr. 
Sullivan  had  a  good  knowledge  of 
the  various  kinds  of  granite  in  the 
country,  and  the  buildings  con- 
structed of  the  same,  and  referred 
Mr.  Kimball  to  a  building  in  New 
York,  built  of  this  particular  gran- 
ite, which  had  become  discolored 
and  unattractive  in  a  few  years. 
Mr.  Kimball  immediately  started 
for  New  York  to  see  the  building. 
He  soon  returned,  evidently  much 
disgusted,  and  thoroughly  dis- 
pleased with  the  Maine  people, 
who  had  recommended  the  granite 
in  question.  The  committee  met 
after  Mr.  Kimball's  return,  when 
he  informed  them  of  the  result  of 
the  trip,  and  his  conclusions,  and 
it  was  determined  to  iis,q  Concord 
granite  for  the  building. 

The  Committee  then  desired  Mr. 
Sullivan  to  take  charge  of  the  work 
of  construction,  which  he  was  loath 
to  do,  in  view  of  his  past  experience 


TIMOTHY  P.  SULLIVAN 


313 


in  making  contractors  live  up  to  the 
terms  of  their  contract;  but,  finally, 
having  heard  that  Mr.  Tuck  had 
said  that  if  the  building  was  not  as 
s:ood  as  any  in  the  country,  it  would 
be  the  fault  of  those  in  charge,  and 
knowing  that  urine  of  the  committee 
had  experience  in  such  work,  and 
that  the  city  would  not  have  much  to 
boast  of  in  the  building  if  the  work 
was  not  properly  supervised,  he  con- 
sented to  take  charge.  He  was  asked 
what  would  be  his  charge  for  ser- 
vice. Rowing  that  Mr.  Tuck  was 
giving  the  building  outright  and  that 
the  committee  were  getting  no  pay 
for  time  spent,  he  did  not  feel  like 
asking  a  high  price  for  his  own  ser- 
vices, and  fixed  the  same  at  the  mod- 
est figure  of  $5.00  per  day,  which 
was  agreed  upon,  yet  in  the  end.  tak- 
ing into  account  all  the  extra  time 
put  in,  nights  and  Sundays,  what  lie 
received  did  not  average  $3.50  per 
day.  It  should  also  be  stated  that 
before  he  had  been  at  work  a  month, 
the  engineer  of  the  Brooklyn  Navy 
Yard  spent  half  a  day  endeavoring 
to  induce  him  to  leave  the  job  and 
go  with  him  to  Xew  York  at  $14.00 
per  day,  with  two  days  oft  each 
fortnight  for  a  visit  home ;  but  he 
firmly  declined  the  offer,  and  stood, 
by  his  agreement  with  the  committee 
and  Mr.  Tuck,  notwithstanding  the 
magnitude  of  the  sacrifice,  believing 
it  his  duty  to  do  so. 

Some  desirable  changes  in  the  spec- 
fications  were  effected,  at  Mr.  Sul- 
livan's suggestion.  The  handsome 
and  appropriate  curbing  around  the 
lot  on  which  the  building  stands,  is 
of  his  design.  He  is  also  responsible 
for  the  beautiful  and  elaborate  group 
of  statuary  over  the  main  entrance. 
On  a  visit  to  the  architect's  office  he 
was  shown  a  design  of  the  State  seal, 
with  a  naked  boy  on  each  side,  each 
resting  an  arm  on  the  top  of  the  seal, 
the  same  being  intended  to  go  over  the 
entrance.  He  regarded  such  design 
as  unfitting,  and  finally,  at  the  request 
of  Mr.  Tuck,  this  item  was  taken  out 


of  the  contract,  and  Daniel  Chester 
French,  the  eminent  XTew  York  sculp- 
tor, a  native  of  New  Hampshire 
and  a.  relative  -of  Mr.  Tuck,  was  en- 
gaged to  model  and  execute  a  suita- 
ble piece  to  crown  the  entrance,  the 
result  being  the  finest  piece  of  statu- 
ary in  a  single  stone  to  be  found  in 
the    countrv. 


Tuck    Monument, 
Isles  of  Shoals. 

The  red  panels  between  the  col- 
ums  at  the  ends  of  the  building,  as 
originally  designed  and  inserted, 
were  of  German  marble,  so  called, 
with  nineteen  pieces  in  each  panel, 
no  two  of  which  looked  alike.  Their 
appearance  was  unsatisfactory  to  all 
who  saw  them,  and  particularly  so  to 
Mrs.  Edward  Tuck.  Finally  Mr. 
Sullivan  sent  a  sample  of  the  red 
granite   to   Mr.   Tuck,   which  he  pro- 


314 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


posed  should  be  substituted  for  the 
original  panel,  and  the  latter  soon 
telegra plied  an  order  to  have  the 
change  made,  and  the  order  was  car- 
ried out.  The  new  panels  are  in  five 
pieces  each,  and  the  granite  from 
which  they  are  made  came  from  a 
quarry  in  New  Lyme,  Conn. 

The  same  firm  having  the  con- 
tract for  the  Historical  building 
were  the  contractors  for  the  State 
House  addition,  and  the  work  on 
the  former  was  greatly  delayed  while 
the  latter  was  being  pushed.  Mr. 
Tuck  finally  became  anxious  about 
the  completion  of  the  building,  the 
work  being  some  fifteen  months  be- 
hind time,  and  sent  word  that  he  was 
coming  to  see  about  it.  Mr.  Kimball 
then  wanted  Mr.  Sullivan  to  "rush" 
the  work,  but  was  told  that  it  could 
not  be  rushed,  and  have  the  building 
what  it  should  be.  He  made  some 
arrangements  with  the  contractors, 
however,  whereby  the  work  was 
speeded      up.  Mr.    Sullivan      soon 

found  the  specifications  were  being 
ignored  in  laying  the  tile  flooring, 
the  loose  dirt  not  having  been  re- 
moved before  the  cement  was  laid, 
and  the  tile  becoming  loose  soon 
after  being  put  down,  so  that  most 
of  them  were  condemned  by  him 
almost  immediately,  a  cross  being 
marked  on  each  tile,  with  a  black 
crayon  pencil.  The  young  architect, 
who  came  up  every  week,  saw  these 
marks,  but  said  nothing  and  when 
the  work  of  tiling  was  finished  he 
condemned  but  fifteen  out  of  the  en- 
tire lot.  As  soon  as  he  was  through 
Mr.  Sullivan  telephoned  Mr.  Kimball 
that  he  would  resign  in  48  hours  if 
this  trashy  work  was  to  be  accepted 
and  leave  him  and  the  architect 
to  face  Mr.  Tuck  and  the  Concord 
public  as  sponsors  for  such  imperfect 
work.  Evidently  disturbed,  Mr. 
Kimball  seems  to  have  lost  no  time 
in  summoning  the  architect,  who 
came  up  from-  Boston  at  night,  so  as 
to  arrive  before  the  48  hours'  notice 
given   by    Mr.    Sullivan   had   expired. 


He  met  the  contractors  and  directed 
them  to  remove  all  the  tile  that  Mr. 
Sullivan  had  condemned.  The  fif- 
teen that  the  architect  had  con- 
demned, the  contractors  should  pay 
for — all  the  rest  Mr.  Kimball  was 
to  pa}'  for.  Ten  marble  setters  were 
brought  on  from  Buffalo  to  carry 
out  this  order.  In  one  room  alone — 
the  lecture  room — 1200  tile  were 
removed  and  relaid.  It  was  under- 
stood that  the  marble  contractor  alone 
lost  $20,000  on  his  contract;  but  his 
foreman  informed  Mr.  Sullivan  that 
he  had  said  that  he  (Sullivan)  never 
condemned  a  stone  that  he  ought  not 
to. 

Regardless,  however,  of  what  one 
contractor  or  another  may  have  lost, 
it  is  certain  that  through  Mr.  Tuck's 
great  generosity  and  Mr.  Sullivan's 
knowledge  and  vigilance,  the  N.  H. 
Historical  Society  secured  a  building 
which,  in  architect  ral  beauty  and 
thoroughness  of  construction,  is  sur- 
passed by  none  in  this  country,  and 
the  city  of  Concord <  a  splendid  or- 
nament for  its  notable  civic  center. 

Incidentally  it  may  properly  be 
stated  that  the  stately  granite  monu- 
ment on  Star  Island — Isles  of  Shoals 
— in  memory  of  Rev.  John  Tuck, 
ancestor  of  Edward  Tuck,  who  was 
the  minister  at  the  Shoals  for  41 
years  from  1732  until  his  death  in 
1773,  was  designed  by  Mr.  Sullivan 
and  erected  under  his  supervision. 
A  bronze  tablet  had  previously  been 
set  up,  to  his  memory,  located  100 
feet  awav  from  the  place  of  burial, 
which  erroneously  stated  that  ''be- 
neath this  stone  lies  the  bodv  of  Rev. 
John  Tuck."  etc.  The  N.  H.  His- 
torical Society  had  been  asked  to 
dedicate  this  tablet  and  had  declined. 
Mr.  Tuck  naturally  desired  to  know 
the  reason  for  the  refusal,  and  Mr. 
Sullivan  was  delegated  to  make  an 
investigation  and  report.  This  he 
did,  submitting  with  his  report  a 
recommendation  that  a  granite  obe- 
lisk be  erected  on  the  site  of  the 
grave,  as  large  as  could  be  landed  on 


TIMOTHY  P.  SULLIVAN 


315 


the  small  wharf  at  the  island.  Mr. 
Sullivan  was  instructed  to  carry  out 
this  plan  and  immediately  proceed- 
ed to  do  so.  The  material  is  Rock- 
port  granite,  from  the  Pigeon  Hill 
Granite  Co.  The  base  is  ten  feet 
square  ■  arid  three  feet  six  inches 
high ;  the  second  base  is  eight  feet 
square  and  the  obelisk  itself  is  five 
feet  square,  the  entire  height  being 
about  forty  feet.  The  inscription 
upon  the  original  slab,  over  the 
grave,  was  cut  in  square  sunk  letters 
on  the  obelisk,  which  can  be  read  in 
the  sunlight  100  feet  away.  The  re- 
mains of  Mr.  Tuck,  taken  from  the 
grave,  were  placed  in  a  sealed  box  in 
the  cement  foundation,  and  over  the 
box  was  placed  the  brown  stone  slab 
with  its  original  inscription.  This 
monument  was  subsequently  appro- 
priately dedicated  by  the  N.  IT.  His- 
torical Society.  It  is  a  notable  land- 
mark and  is  readily  discerned  for  a 
distance  of  fifteen  miles  out  at  sea. 


Mr.  Sullivan  is  a  Republican  in 
political  affiliation,  but  has  never  been 
actively  engaged  in  politics.  He  was 
elected  alderman  from  Ward  4, 
however,  in  1892  and  served  two 
years  under  Mayor  P.  B.  Cogswell, 
by  whom  he  was  appointed  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  Fire  Depart- 
ment. The  department  was  then  in 
a  badly  disorganized  condition. 
Through  Mr.  Sullivan's  influence,  a 
thoiough  re-organization  was  effected. 
The  number  of  call  firemen  was  de- 
creased, the  permanent  force  ma- 
terially enlarged,  and  W.  C.  Green 
made  Chief  Engineer,  whose  efficient 
service  has  continued  to  the  present 
time.  Another  important  ordinance 
adopted  by  the  City  government  at 
this  time  which  Mr.  Sullivan  was  in- 
strumental in  carrying  through,  was 
that  of  establishing  the  office  of  City 
Engineer,  to  which  the  late  Will  B. 
Howe  was  appointed,  and  in  which 
he  served  with  great  acceptance,  up  to 
the   time   of    his    death   last   spring. 


In  the  fall  of  1896  Mr.  Sullivan 
was  urged  by  some  of  his  friends  to 
be  a  candidate  for  representative  in 
the  legislature  from  Ward  4.  He 
hesitated  about  complying,  as  he  was 
not  a  public  speaker,  and  did  not  con- 
sider himself  qualified  for  the  posi- 
tion. His  friends  were  persistent, 
however,  and  he  finally  consented  to 
run,  but.  as  it  turned  out,  was  active- 
ly opposed  by  the  two  Republican 
leaders  who  usually  dominated  the 
party  in  the  ward,  who  even  went 
so  far  as  to  hire  a  man  to  go  among 
the  stone  cutters  in  the  ward,  who 
were  mostly  Englishmen  from  Corn- 
wall, and  work  against  him,  thinking 
they  could  readily  be  induced  to  vote 
against  a  man  of  his  name  and  race. 
They  were  disppointed,  however,  as 
most  of  these  men  had  worked  either 
with  or  for  Mr.  Sullivan  and  held 
him  in  high  regard.  The  result  in 
the  nominating  caucus,  which  was 
the  largest  that  had  ever  been  held  in 
the  ward,  was  a  sweeping  victory  for 
Mr.  Sullivan,  who  was  nominated  by 
a  large  majority  and  elected  at  the 
polls   in   November. 

Taking  his  seat  in  the  House,  up- 
on the  organization  of  the  legislature 
he  was  named  by  the  Speaker  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Asylum 
for  the  Insane  as  the  State  Hospital 
was  then  called.  As  a  member  of 
this  Committee  he  was  instrumental 
in  effecting  a  thorough  investigation 
of  affairs  at  the  Merrimack  County 
farm,  with  special  reference  to  the 
treatment  of  the  insane  poor.  A  most 
deplorable  condition  of  things  was 
unearthed  which  resuhed  in  the  re- 
form of  practices  then  existing 
and  also  in  the  introduction  of  a 
measure  in  the  House  providing  for 
the  removal  of  the  pauper  insane 
from  the  County  farms  to  the  State 
Hospital.  This  measure  passed  the 
House,  but  was  held  up  in  the  Sen- 
ate for  the  time,  from  lack  of  means 
to  provide  the  necessary  accommoda- 
tions at  the  hospital.  At  a  subse- 
quent   session,    however  ,    it   was   en- 


316  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

acted,     and     resulted    in    carrying   out  Aside    from  his   important  work   in 

one    of    the    most    beneficent    reforms  connection   with   the  granite   industry, 

ever  effected   in   the   State,    for   which  and  his  public  service,   to  which   ref- 

more  than  any  other  man,   Mr.   Sulli-  erence   has   been    made,    Mr.    Sullivan 

van  is  to  be  credited.  has   been   a   most   useful    citizen,   and 

Mr.    Sullivan    was    united    in    mar-  has  contributed   in  many  ways  to  the 

riage,    October    12,    1871,    with   Eliza-  promotion      of    the      public;    welfare. 

belli   Kirby.-    They    had    six   children.  Among  the  other  things  which  he  has 

two   of  .whom    died    in    infancy.     The  done,    contributing    materially    to  the 

survivors  pre  Mary  E.,  born  July  24,  general   good,   is  the  erection   by  him, 

1872;  Elizabeth  M ..  M arch  13.  1875;  some  .years  ago,  of  ten  tenements  on 

Patrick    E.,    December    2.    1878,    and  Beacon     St.,    for     general  occupancy, 

Agues    V.,  Oct.   17,    1880.       All     are  all  of  which  he  still  owns.     If  other 

graduates      of      the      Concord       High  men   who  have   the  means  would    fol- 

Sch.ool.      .Mary  E..  is  now  a  Sister  of  low    his    example    in    this    regard,    the 

Mercy    in.    Mi.    St.    Mary's    Academy,  "housing       problem"       in       Concord, 

Hooksett ;   Agnes   Y,,   is   a   kindergar-  about   which    so   much    is   now   heard, 

ten  teacher  in  Concord,  and  Elizabeth  would   be    far   less   troublesome, 
is  at  home  in  Concord. 


SUNAPEE  LAKE 

By  Mary  E.  Partridge 


Of  thee,  the  fairest  of  New  Hampshire  lakes. 
So  softly  cradled  in  your  resting,  place,. 
Sweet  memories  are  with  us,  who  have  seen 
The  sunshine,  and  the  shadow  on  thy  face. 

The  dainty  curve  of  inlets,  wooded  isles, 

The  gently  sloping  hillsides  in  our  sight, 

The  Mountain  gleaming  through  the  morning  fog, 

The  falling  mist,  calm  herald  of  the  night. 

The  summer  cottage  nestled  in  the  green, 
The  sailboat  tacking  in  the  morning  light, 
The  sturdy  little  steamers  on  their  course, 
Ail  these  unite  to  make  the  picture  bright. 

Xot  here  are  dashing  waves  or  towering  peaks, 
Not  here  the  busy  whirl  of  social  care, 
But  quiet  moonbeams  stilling  heart  and  voice, 
Repose  is  brought  us  in  the  very  air. 

So  could  1  chant  your  praise  in  many  lines. 
For  dear  your  sunny  waves  and  coves  to  me, 
1  love  you,  though  I  leave  you  for  a  while, 
Fate  grant  we  meet  again,  Fair  Sunapee. 


3 17 


THE  PICTORIAL  WEALTH  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


A.  H.  Beardsley 


At  the  outset,  let  me  say  that 
neither  pen,  brush  nor  camera  can  do 
full  justice  to  the  pictorial  wealth  of 
New  Hampshire.  It  has  been  my 
privilege  to  spend  a  number  of  years 
in  Europe  and  to  visit  many  parts  of 
the  United  States.  I  mention  this 
merely  that  the  reader  may  not  as- 
sume that  the  following  paragraphs 
are  written  without  due  considera- 
tion of  the  beauty  and  attractive- 
ness of  natural  grandeur  in  other 
parts  of  the  world.  In  coming  to 
New  Hampshire,  1  came  for 
health — for  that  panacea  that  only- 
nature  can  give  and  to  learn  to 
love  more  deeply  than  ever  before 
the  fundamental  truths  that  lie 
imbedded  in  the  very  granite  boul- 
ders of  this  Granite  State.  I  say- 
it  gladly  and  gratefully  that  New 
Hampshire,  with  its  natural 
beauty-  and  its  kindly  people,  has 
taught  me  truths  that  are  as  im- 
perishable a^  its  mountains  and  as 
healing  as  the  word  of  Him  who 
said  to  the  two  blind  men.  "accord- 
ing to  yo:ir  faith  be  it  unto  you," 
and   their   eyes   were   opened. 

In  connection  with  the  subject 
of  this  article,  1  am  reminded  of 
a  little  story  which  might  apply  to 
some  good  people  in  New  Hamp- 
shire. It  .seems  that  a  great  lover 
of  flowers  lived  in  a  little  cottage 
and'  'his  delight  was  to  grow  rare 
and  .  beautiful  specimens  from 
every  part  of  the  world.  Finally, 
his- .collection  grew  until  he  needed 
but".. one  exquisite  flower  to  com- 
plete it.  The  more  he  thought  of 
how  happy-  he  would  be,  if  he  could 
find  this  one  missing  flower,  the 
more  firmly  he  determined  to  find  it. 
So  he  closed  his  little  cottage  and 
started  out  to  find  the  lone  flower 
that  he  needed  to  complete  his  col- 
lection. He  journeyed  for  days, 
weeks    and    months :    but    the    little 


flower  that  he  sought  could  no- 
where be  found.  At  length,  worn 
out,  discouraged  and  bitterly  dis- 
appointed he  retraced  his  steps, 
and,  eventually,  stood  again  before 
the  cottage  that  he  had  left  many 
months  ago.  As  he  slowly  ap- 
proached the  door,  his  tired  eyes 
wandered  over  the  flowers  he  loved 
and  how  he  longed  to  add  that 
one  beautiful  blossom  to  make  his 
garden  complete.  Suddenly  his 
eyes  caught  the  flash  of  a  sunbeam 
on  an  unfamiliar  petal.  He  knelt 
down  to  examine  it  more  closely 
and  to  his  amazement  and  great 
joy,  it  proved  to  be  the  long- 
sought  flower.  There  it  was  and 
there  it  had  been  all  along — right- 
in  his  own  garden !  He  had  not 
seen  it  or  even  thought  to  look 
for  it  so  close  at  hand.  He  had 
assumed  that  he  must  travel  afar 
to  obtain  a  flower  of  such  rare 
beauty.  Is  not  this  story  paral- 
leled  in   many   human   experiences? 

By  this  time,  the  reader  has 
guessed  correctly  that  I  meant  to 
convey-  the  impression  that  many 
residents  of  New  Hampshire  fail 
to  realize  that  they  have  the  "ex- 
quisite little  flower"  right  in  their 
own      dooryards.  Why       should 

strangers  and  outsiders  have  to 
tell  us  what  we  should  already 
know?  1  say  "we"  because  I  am 
proud  to  be  a  citizen  of  New 
Hampshire ;  and  I  wish  to  do  my 
bit.  to  help  others  to  find  what  I 
have  found  in  her  woodlands,  on 
her  'mountain-tops  and  on  the 
bosom  of  the  Smile  of  the  Great 
Spirit. 

Perhaps  all  this  may-  appear  to 
be  a  lengthy-  and  rather  unneces- 
sary preamble;  but  as  writers  tell 
us,  "There  must  be  a  setting 
for  every-  story."  However,  1  do 
not   intend   to   write   a   "storv,"   but 


318 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


to  confine  myself  to  facts  as  I 
know  them  by  personal  experi- 
ence, In  this  case  there  is  enough 
beaut}"  and  happiness  in  actualities 
without  having  to  draw  upon  the 
imagination ;  and  truth  is  some- 
times  stranger   than   fiction. 

In  the  state  of  New  Hampshire 
one  may  find  virtually  every  nat- 
ural beauty  that  is  vouchsafed  to 
man  in  the  Northern  Hemisphere. 
Beginning    at     the     Atlantic    ocean, 


kindly  people  who  have  not  forgot- 
ten to  be  neighborly  nor  to  make 
welcome  the  stranger.  I  have 
mentioned  in  this  one  paragraph 
a  wealth  of  pictorial  material  that 
the  artist,  photographer  or  writer 
will  find  inexhaustible.  Moreover, 
in  winter  there  is  an  entirely  new 
change  of  scene,  and  I  find  it  diffi- 
cult to  decide  whether  summer  or 
winter  is  the  more  beautiful.  The 
pressure     and     tumult     of     the    city 


Echo   Lake,   Fraxcoxia   Notch 


H.     Beardsley. 


and  an  attractive  coastline,  the 
seeker  of  beauty  may  travel  north- 
ward and  upward  until  he  attains 
the  summit  of  Mt.  Washington. 
During  this  trip,  if  he  selects  his 
route  carefully,  he  will  find  lakes, 
streams,  rivers,  waterfalls,  level 
plains,  intervales,  hills,  mountains, 
notches,  glens,  gorges,  strange 
rock-formations,  tremendous  boul- 
ders, cliffs,  woodlands,  farm-lands, 
attractive  New  England  towns, 
and    villages;    and,    best    of   all,   a 


gives  place  to  great  silences  that 
become  more  spiritual  and  uplift- 
ing as  one  grows  to  know  them 
and  to  understand  them.  There  is 
time  to  think,  to  plan,  to  retro- 
spect and  to  wipe  one's  slate  clean 
in  the  sight  of  God  and  man. 

It  has  been  my  privilege  and  de- 
light to  make  several  hundred  pic- 
tures of  New  Llampshire  and  to 
obtain  many  from  others  who  ap- 
preciate the  pictorial  possibilities 
of    the    state.       When   -I   have  (lis- 


THE  PICTORIAL  WEALTH  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


319 


played  these  pictures,  either  on  the 
screen  on  in  the  form  of  photo- 
graphic enlargements,  the  remark 
is  often  made,  "I  never  realized 
before  how  much  beauty  there  is 
in  this  good  old  Granite  State, 
and  I  have  lived  here  all  my  lite. 
too  !'  Thanks  to  the  efforts  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, and  also  the  Boston  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce,  this  state  is  re- 
ceiving its  share  of  organized  pub- 


Lake  Winnepcsaukee,  but  with  the 
aid  of  the  camera  or  the  brush 
some  measure  of  success  may  be 
attained.  To  be  sure.  Alt..  Chocorua 
is  a  constant  source  of  delight  to 
the  beholder  ;  but  some  shady  glen, 
away  from  the  beaten  path,  also 
deserves  recognition  and  is  most 
assuredly  part  of  New  Hampshire's 
pictorial  veal  tin  In  short,  due 
attention  should  be  given  to  other 
than    the    well-known    beauty-spots. 


■    «•> •■-_.---...,  ' 

.-   - 

"                  """' 

"*-       . 

"•'■' 

k 

W\""'--^A>^.';.;; 

(|L 

■■      1   -.         '.. 

■  n 
| 

. 

1 

I 

i 

» 

1 

'      - 

-    '                 1 

! 

1 



A  Rocky  Point,  Lake  Winnepesaukee 


rdsley. 


licity.  Without  a  doubt,  tin's  pub- 
licity has  done  much  to  attract 
tourists  and  vacationists.  Enough 
cannot  be  done  in  this  direction, 
and  the  best  part  of  it  is  that  New 
Hampshire  is  worth  all  and  more 
publicity    than    it    receives. 

To  the  photographer  and  the 
painter  belongs  \he  task  to  por- 
tray the  pictorial  wealth  of  New 
Hampshire.  The  most  beautiful 
word-picture    cannot    do    justice    to 


To  enjoy  pictorial  New  Hampshire 
is  to  leave  the  crowd  and  to  seek 
and  to  discover  for  oneself.  Suc- 
cess and  delight  are  certain,  no 
matter  in  what  direction  the  trav- 
eler   wends   his   way. 

Why  it  is  that  thousands  of  va- 
cationists who  come  to  New  Hamp- 
shire bring  cameras  and  appear  to 
confine  their  picture-making  to 
members  of  their  own  party  or  to 
John   in  the     boat  or  Mabel  frying 


320 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


doijghrm.fi,  I  am  unable  to  say,  who  own  cameras  use  them  to  ad- 
Mind  you,  I  do  not  decry  making  vantage  and  not  neglect  to  give  due 
pictures  of  one's  friends  or  of  inter-  attention  to  making  pictures  that  are 
esting  bits  of  camp-life,  but  I  do  worthwhile  and  that  will  ever  be  a 
deplore  limiting  picture-making  to  source  of  deep  pleasure  and  satisfac- 
those     subjects     which      in     a   short  tion. 

time,  usually  lose  their  interest.     But  It    is    not    my   purpose    to    describe 

a     good     photograph     oi     Franconia  in  detail  how  and  where  to  go  to  tap 


F*A 


mm  r*. 


%iX* 


¥ 


V* 


A    WlXXEPESAUKEE    VlSTA 


Beardsley. 


Notch,  The  Flume;  or  of  Echo  Lake 
may  be  a  joy  forever.  Even  a  well- 
composed  attractive  group  of  birches 
wears  better  at  the  end  of  ten  years 
than  a  picture  of  some  passing  ac- 
quaintance splashing  water  on  the 
cat — amusing  though  it  may  be  at 
the  time.     In  all  seriousness,  let  those 


the  pictorial  wealth  of  New  Hamp- 
shire— it  is  not  necessary  for  it  is 
ever  close  at  hand  from  one  corner 
of  the  state  to  the  other.  Of  course, 
the  White  Mountains  may  be 
more  spectacular  than  the  Os- 
sipee  Range ;  but  who  will 
say       that       they       are       any     less 


THE  PICTORIAL  WEALTH  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


321 


lovely    in    the    soft    twilight;    of  a  the    pictorial    opportunities     that     lie 

summer  evening'     Lake  Winnepesau-  close  at  hand.       No    matter    in  what 

kee   (The  Smile  of  the  Great  Spirit)  part  of   New.    Hampshire    the   reader 

holds  the  observer  by   its  magnificent  may    be,    there    is.,  pictorial   material, 

distances     and    its     appealing    beauty;  provided  he  has  eyes  to  see  it.       By 

but  little    Echo    Lake,   nestling  up   in  all     means,     let     him     make     a     trip 

Franconia  Notch,  compels    admiration  around  the  White  Mountains,  not  for- 

and    homage.      1    might    go    on    indefi-  getting  Lost  River,  and  let  him  make 


X 


•\     - 

\ 

-    \ 

.-..'V 


I 


.  & - 


-  :  -  -■_•.-■„ 


The  Flu  mi:   ix  Winter 


nitely  and  point  out  beauty-spots 
from  Portsmouth  to  the  Canadian  bor- 
der. However,  just  let  the  reader 
remember  my  little  story  of  the 
flower  and  apply  it — he  cannot  go 
wrong. 

The  purpose  of  this  article  is  to 
encourage  permanent  residents  and 
also    visitors,    to   make    the    most   of 


the  most  of  it.  Then,  when  he  re- 
turns to  Concord,  Manchester,  Ply- 
mouth, Pittsfield,  Lakeport  or  Wolfe- 
boro  with  his  eyes  and  heart  opened, 
let  him  see  whether  or  not  his  own 
part  of  the  state  is  not  beautiful  and 
rich   in  pictorial   material. 

Now   I   am  going  to   take   my  own 
medicine.     1    live   in   Wolfeboro   on 


322 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Lake  Winnepesaukee,  I  have  been  up 
through  the  White  Mountains  sever- 
al times  and  through  other  parts  of 
the  state  but,  omitting  the  spect- 
acular and  compelling  force  of 
mere  size,  to  me  there  is  no 
more  beautiful  spot  in  New 
Hampshire  than  Wolfeboro  and 
Lake  Winnepesaukee.  Moreover, 
from  my  own  travels  in  Europe 
and  from  the  statements  of  those 
who  have  circled  the  globe,  I  am  lead 
to  say  that  there  is  no  more  beautiful 
scenery  to  be  found  anywhere  in  the 
world.  Excepting  the  snow-capped 
peaks  of  the  Alps  for  a  background, 
Lake  Winnepesaukee  equals  in  pic- 
torial beauty  and  charm  the  famous 
lakes  of  Como.  Maggiore,  Geneva, 
Constance  and  Lucerne. 

For  reasons  of  health,  and  to  grat- 
ify the  longing  to  enjoy  the  beauty  of 
the  lake,  1  cruise  about  in  my  motor- 
boat  at  every  opportunity.  There  is 
hardly  a  bay,  cove  or  point  of  land  at 
the  eastern  end  of  Lake  Winnepe- 
saukee that  I  have  not  explored 
and  photographed.  The  Indian  name, 
"The  Smile  of  the  Great  Spirit,"  is 
not  only  eloquent,  but  it  describes  a 
fact — Winnepesaukee  is  the  handi- 
work of  God  himself.  I  have  sailed 
on  it  in  storm  and  in  calm,  in  the 
morning  and  in  the  afternoon,  by  day 
and      by        night.  In     winter        I 

have  crossed  it  on  skis  and  the 
thermometer  below  zero.  Ail  ways, 
summer  or  winter,  Lake  Winnepe- 
saukee holds  me  with  a  fascination 
that  is  born  of  its  indescribable 
beauty,  and  "the  things  that  lie  too 
deep  for  words." 

Pictorially,  Wolfeboro  is  a  para- 
dise. Facing  the  town,  across  the 
lake,  are  the  Belknap  Mountains, 
which  stretch  away  to  the  westward 
in  the  direction  of  the  Weirs.  To 
the  north,  and  at  the  back  of  the 
town  lie  the  Ossipee  Mountains.  To 
the  eastward  is  Copple  Crown  Moun- 
tain and  the  hills  that  enclose  the 
long  arm  of  the  lake  that  ends  at 
Alton    Bay.        Within    a  twelve-mile 


radius  of  Wolfeboro  are  small  lakes. 
ponds,  streams,  hills,  mountains, 
woodlands,  farmlands,  picturesque 
villages,  delightful  wood-roads, 
uplands,  low-lands,  and  kindly 
people  to  make  you  feel  welcome. 
Oh,  what  an  ideal  spot  for  a  colony 
of  writers,  artists  and  photographers! 
Inspiration  is  ever  at  hand  for  those 
who  have  the  eyes  to  see  and  the  heart 
to   understand. 

Perhaps  the  reader  may  say,  "This 
author  hasn't  mentioned  two-thirds 
of  the  pictorial  wealth  of  New  Hamp- 
shire." He  is  right,  I  have  not.  W7hat 
is  more,  I  cannot.  Neither  more 
space  nor  my  poor  pen  could  do  it 
justice.  However,  let  the  reader  not 
take  me  to  task.  Let  him  rather  try 
to  understand  my  point.  I  may  have 
rambled,  left  out  important  facts, 
neglected  to  mention  well-known 
places  of  beauty  and  otherwise  failed 
to  stick  to  my  subject ;  but  I  believe 
that  I  have  made  it  clear  that  New 
Hampshire  offers  every  resident  or 
visitor  a  great  opportunity.  An  op- 
portunity to  learn  to  love  every  inch 
of  the  Granite  State,  and,  through 
the  study  and  contemplation  of  its 
natural  beauty,  to  become  more  sen- 
sitive and  more  receptive  to  the  deep- 
er and  truer  things  of  life.  If  I 
scored  just  this  one  point.  I  shall  feel 
that  I  have  helped  New  Hampshire 
to  be  more  widely  known,  appreciated 
and  loved. 

It  has  been  my  delight  during  the 
summer  months,  to  sail  out  on  the 
broad  bosom  of  the  lake  nearly  every 
evening  in  quest  of  sunset-pictures. 
Sometimes,  'days  will  elapse  before 
there  is  an  opportunity  to  use  the 
camera  to  advantage.  It  is  my  cus- 
tom, on  these  sunset-hunting  expedi- 
tions to  reach  a  point  of  vantage  out 
on  the  lake,  stop  the  engine  and  drift 
while  I  watch  the  play  of  light  and 
shade  across  the  lake  as  the  sun  sinks 
slowly  in  the  west.  Why  more  own- 
ers of  motor-boats  do  not  get  out  on 
the  lake  and  drift  or  anchor  where 
they   can    enjoy   a   magnificent   sunset 


THE  PICTORIAL  WEALTH  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  323 


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324 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


and  'the  cool  evening-air,  is  a  mystery 
to  me.  In  my  opinion,  there  is  no 
need    to   use    up    gasoline    and    oil    by 


Those  who  have  never  had  the.  op- 
portunity to  be  out  on  Lake  Winne- 
pesaukee   from   sunset-time   to   moon- 


I 


-•■• 


i 


i 


L^/:;:^,-.s'..,:ic,:r 


M 


A  New  England  Farmhouse 

keeping  on  the  move  when  ''just  drift-  rise,  have  not  known  one  of  the  rich- 

ing"   is     more  Conducive     to  an     en-  est  experiences   that  can  come  to  the 

joyment  of  the  glories  of  the  western  lover   of   nature.     As   the    sun  begins 

sky.  to  settle  down  into  its  cloud-made  bed 


THE  PICTORIAL  WEALTH  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  325 


*    > 


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1  < 


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\26 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


in  the  west,  the  Greatest  Artist  of 
them  all  prepares  His  marvelous  col- 
ors; and,  gradually,  with  a  deft  hand, 
He  creates  a  masterpiece  that  no  man 
can  ever  hope  to  duplicate.  His  can- 
vas is  limitless  space  and  His  colors 
are  collected  at  the  base  of  the  rain- 
how.  The  beholder  waits  in  silent 
awe  and  admiration.  'And  to  think 
that  this  lias  been  going  on  ever  since 
the  world  began  ;  and  yet,  how  rarely 
there  is  the  slightest  duplication  by 
the  Master  Hand.  After  He  has 
tucked  the  sun  away  for  the  night, 
He  awakens  the  moon  and  stars. 
Promptly,  at  the  appointed  hour,  the 
moon  leaves  its  couch  among  the  hills 
to  the  eastward ;  and,  attended  by  a 
retinue  of  stars  and  planets,  begins 
tire  journey  of  the  night,  As  this 
greatest  motion-picture  in  the  world 
progresses,  the  twilight-songs  and 
twitterings    of    birds,    as    they    seek 


shelter  for  the  night,  are  carried  to  us 
on  the  soft  night  wind.  Just  as  the 
twilight  deepens,  the  whip-poor-will 
begins  his  evening-concert ;  and  down 
near  the  edgti  of  the  lake  in  the. 
marshy  places,  where  the  fireflies  hold 
their  nightly  revels,  the  frogs  raise 
their  voices  in  one  mighty  chorus. 
Now  and  again,  the  far-off  singing 
of  a  group  of  campers  floats  across 
the  water.  When  bedtime  arrives,  at 
the  boys'  and  girl's  camps,  scattered 
along  the  shores  of  the  lake,  the  bugle 
calls  them  to  slumber ;  and,  as  the 
last  of  Taps  softly  dies  away,  we 
know  that  God  is  in  his  Heaven,  and 
all  is  well.  Then,  as  we  sail  home- 
ward through  the  silver-tipped  waves 
in  the  path  of  the  moon,  we  can 
understand  and  appreciate  Mrs.  Mea- 
der's  beautiful  poem  '; Sunset  on  Lake 
Winnepesaukee,"  because  we  shall 
know  that  what  she  says  is  true. 


'-~~  ~-~*  -2s>v  i 


Sunset   Sky,  Lake  Wixnepesaukee 


A.     H.     Beardsley. 


SUNSET  OX  LAKE  WINNEPESAUKEE  32? 


SUNSET  ON  LAKE  WINNEPESAUKEE 

By  Maitie  Bennett  Meader. 

We  liave  heard  of  a  beautiful  City 
Where  the  streets   are  of  jasper  and  gold. 
So  bright  that  its  glory  can  never 
By  the  tongue  of  mortal  be  told. 

Tonight  1  thought  of  that  City 
Which  I  hope  sometime  to  see, 
And  I  wondered  if  its  beauty 
Could  be  fairer  than  Earth's  to  me. 

We  were  sailing  into  a  sunset, 
O'er  a  lake  all  sapphire  and  gold, 
The  sun  hung  low  in  a  purple  west 
That  a  m\  stery  seemed  to  hold. 

Far  away  in  the  misty  distance 

1  could  see  a  line  of  shore, 

And  I  dreamed  of  that  other  country, 

And  of  loved  ones  gone  before. 

As  we  sailed  through  the  gold  and  sapphire 
On  toward  the  sunset  bright, 
I  wondered  if  they  were  thinking  of  me 
By  the  shining  sea  of  light. 

We  turned  away  from  the  purple  west, 
Away  from  the  sun's  red  glow, 
And  homeward  sailed  in  the  full  moon's  light, 
Through  her  path  of  shimmering  gold. 

I  could  not  dream  of  a  fairer  sight 
Than  yon  lake  where  the  moonlight  gleams, — 
Though  we  know  that  the  City  not  made"  with  hands 
Is  fair  beyond  human  dreams. 


?3aS 


AAVARBLER1NG  ON  THE  MARSH 


By  Catherine  Up  ham  Hunter 


I  might  more  truthfully  say  a-wal- 
lowing  in  the  Marsh,  for  the  uncertain 
sedges  lure  me  onto  their  tussocks 
onlv  to  douse  me  ankle-deep  in  gurg- 


ling  water. 


And   vet,      of    all    these 


many  and  diverse  acres  for  bird-hunt- 
ing with  a  field-glass,  none  there  are 
than  can  compete  with  the  Marsh — no, 
not  even  the  banks  of  the  Connecti- 
cut itself  where  the  Sandpiper  teeters 
and  peeps  among  the  fresh  water 
clams,  and  the  Hermit  Thrushes  sing- 
loud  and  clear  in  the  patriarchal  hem- 
locks high  above.  For  the  Marsh  is 
the  very  pulse  of  Spring,  its  beat 
quickening  in  dour  March  when 
the  first  hyla  chorus  banishes  in  one. 
evening  Old  Winter;  for  do  not  the 
Children,  lifting  their  tousled  heads, 
in  sleepy  rapture  from  their  pillows, 
cry,  "O  listen,  the  frogs  in  the  Marsh 
— it's    Spring!" 

And  wonderful  things  happen  then 
and  there  to  the  Marsh— but  Marsh 
Mysteries  are  another  story  and  to- 
day  I   am   out   "a-warblering". 

The  Warblers  come  in  unheralded 
fashion  and  their  migrant  brethren, 
whom  I  discover  and  delight  in  today, 
may  be  gone  tomorrow ;  too  rare  and 
too  beautiful  are  these  tiny  beings 
for  everyday  intimacy.  They  are 
flame  spirits  from  Nature's  holy-of- 
holies,  as  remote,  unattainable  and 
poignantly  beautiful  as  the  shafts  of 
many-colored  light  that  radiate  from 
the  Sangreal.  They  vibrate  and  shim- 
mer in  the  golden  leafmess  of  the 
Marsh  even  as  the  Grail  harmonies 
vibrate  and  shimmer  in  my  memory, 
suddenly  released  there  by  some  secret 
spring.  Jewelled  light,  shimmering, 
heavenly  harmonies  all  on  a  May 
morning  when  one  is  seeking  warblers 
in  a  New  England  marsh— how  can 
this  be?  I  do  not  know —  perhaps 
one  associates  unconsciously  the  jewel- 
led Cappella  Palatina  half  across  the 
world   with   these   breathing,    jewelled 


mosaics    of    feathers,    the    Warblers. 

Around  me  the  Marsh  was  palpi- 
tant with  spring :  myriads  of  tiny 
plant  life  enameled  the  pools  in  intri- 
cate designs,  and  swimming  in  the 
interstices  of  this  ornamentation 
were  schools  of  merry  water-bugs; 
darting  unceasingly,  these  toy  moni- 
tors manoeuvred  and  out-manoeuved 
each  other  with  a  superior  mechanism 
that  needed  no  key-winder.  Ancient 
and  young  frogs  rose  above  this  mini- 
ature sea — a  new  brand  of  smoke- 
less, putting,  green  volcanos  whkjh 
the  toy  monitors  did  not  notice.  And 
everywhere  dipping  their  feet  in  the 
watery  swamp  stood  willows  um- 
brella-topped, and  red-stemmed  dog- 
woods, wattled  into  water-habitations 
for  Blackbirds.  Ah,  the  Blackbirds: 
"kon-kareeing,"  balancing  and  dancing 
in  the  tops  of  these  willows  and  alders 
with  their  scarlet  and  yellow  epaulets 
flaming  against  their  black  plumage 
—  surely  never  a  lady  Blackbird  could 
be  heart-proof  in  such  assembly  of 
gold-lace  ! 

I  was  bound  past  the  Blackbirds 
to  the  last  outpost  of  the  Marsh,  where 
almost  conquered  by  meadowland 
but  guarded  by  a  row  of  stiff  cat-tails 
(veritable  grenadier  guards  in  brown 
catskin  shakos!)  was  the  last  clump 
of  silvery  willows  and  hazels;  they 
glistened  so  quietly,  so  warmly  in  the 
sunshine  that  no  warbler  could  pass 
by  their  feeding  ground.  Here  I 
waited  in  the  violet-studded  grass — 
while  beyond,  over  in  the  open  part 
of  the  Marsh,  Swallows  skimmed  and 
dipped  in  the  water  which  reflected  to 
heaven  its  deep  azure,  and  white 
cloud-puffs.  So  pleasant  were  my 
thoughts,  so  mellow  was  the  sunshine 
that  a  liquid  carillion  rung  unheeded, 
or,  rather,  melted  into  my  thoughts ; 
it  was  only  when  a  sharp,  imperative 
"tchep !"  just  over  my  head  startled 
me  out  of  fancv-land  that  I  discover- 


A-WARBLERLVG   ON   THE   MARSH 


329 


ed  a  Myrtle  Warbler  studying  me,  yes 
and  challenging-  me  with  another 
"tchepr  more  irritated  than  the  first. 
Wide  awake  now  I  approved  the  War- 
bler (indeed  who  would  not.  were  a 
jewelled  being  of  blues  and  gold, 
patched  with  jet.  to  hover  before  one?) 
\es,  and  I  approved  his  sang-froid. 
He  watched  me  with  his  shining  eyes 
as  rrmeh  as  to  say  "What  patent  have 
you  on  ns?  Perhaps,  do  you  know? 
I  shall  specialize  in  you!"  But  an 
insect  chanced  too  near  and  presto ! 
the  Beauty  was  in  the  air  and  had 
snapped  it  into  his  beak.  However. 
he  came  back  to  his  perch  and  I 
knew  he  would ;  tor  his  likewise  is 
that  Flycatcher  habit.  Then  his  lady 
appeared  from  out  a  haze  and 
joined  him  in  the  willow,  bin  for  me 
she  had  no  use ;  I  think  she  told  him 
so  for.  when  she  launched  out  for  the 
River  in  strong,  bold  flight,  my  lord 
followed. 

A  light  breeze  sighed  through  the 
willow  and  then  a  Black-and-White 
Warbler  wound  from  near  the  plant- 
flecked  water  to  the  top  of  the  tree, 
and  afterward  he  flitted  off  in  ner- 
vous  warbler- fash  ion. 

The  sunlight  quivered  over  the 
sedges  and  stroked  the  little  willow 
leaves  impatiently,  as  if  in  anticipa- 
tion. Again  the  breeze  sighed 
through  the  willow  but  it  told  no 
secrets.     Life   seemed  a  golden  glory 


this  fair  May  day.  unrippled,  un- 
clouded by  any  ugly  thing— "simple 
as  the  life  of  birds. '*  O  irony!  are 
there'  no  snakes  hiding  and  waiting 
even  now  in  the  swamp  grass,,  are 
there  no  predatory  hawks,  no  killing, 
pelting    storms    which    pass    over    tins 


■sh?     Lift 


wc 


iiake    it 


"simple"    when     well-ordered :    When 
we  go  a-birding,  let  us  remember  that. 

A  chirrupy  little  song  of  assurance 
comes  from  the  heart  of  the  thicket, 
I  pause  and  peer.  Pippa  passes  but 
tlie  hedge  screens  her !  1  look  in  a 
neighboring  alder  and  there  are  two 
exquisite  Northern  Parula  Warblers, 
too  exquisite  for  earth,  for  mortal 
eye.  The  chirrup)-  song  bubbles 
forth  and  they  seem  irradiant  as  they 
slip  into  the  fastnesses  of  the  Marsh. 
Over  by  the  wattled  viburnum  is  a 
Maryland  Yellow  Throat.  black- 
masked  and  mysterious.  Flitting  near 
him  are  two  yellow  beauties,  black 
capped,  green  mantled,  golden  gown.- 
ed.  They  dart  into  the  air  for  insects 
but,  unlike  the  Myrtles,  do  not  return 
to  their  perch.  They  are  Wilson 
Warblers. 

And  now  at  the  high  tide  of  in- 
terest I  must  leave  the  Marsh,  what 
other  treasure  lurks  within  its  leanness 
I  shall  not  know  but,  as  I  look  back, 
out  of  the  water-bound  shrubbery 
flashes  the  yellow  fire  of  two  Sum- 
mer Warblers. 


THE  ORIOLE 

By   Ellen   Lucy   Brown 

A  flash  of  color  amid  the  green, 
A  glint  of  gold  athwart  the  sky, 
A  bugle  call  in  clear-cut  tone ! 
The  heart   that   aches  grows  glad 
And  glad  hearts  ne'er  turn  sad 
When  sweetly  falls  on  the  listening  eai 
The  melodious  song  of  joy  undimmed 
That  says  "Be  glad.     Again  I'm  here." 


' 


NORTH  PARISH  CHURCH,  NORTH  HAVERHILL 


By  Katherine  C.  Header. 


"I   have   considered   the  days   of   old. 
The    years    of    Ancient    Times." 

In  studying  the  early  history  of 
Havcrhili  we  find  that  here  as  else- 
where in  Puritan  New  England, 
church  and  state  went  hand  in 
.hand  and  taxes  were  levied  for  the 
preaching  of  the  gospel,  as  well  as 
the   town   expenses. 

Our  town  Charter  hears  the.  date 
of  April  18,  1763.  and  besides  the 
shares  of  land  apportioned  to  the 
75  grantees,  gives  "to  his  Excellen- 
cy Gov.  Benning  YVentworth,  two 
shares,  or  500  acres — to  the.  Socie- 
ty for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gos- 
pel in  Foreign  Parts,  one.  share — 
one    for   the     Glebe   of     the     Church 


of    England, 


one 


for    the   first    set- 


tled minister  and  one  for  the  sup- 
port  of  schools." 

Many  of  the  grantees  of  Haver- 
hill  were  also  grantees  of  New- 
bury, Vt.,  and  these  two  towns, 
situated  on  either  side  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  ''in  the  rich  mead- 
ow's of  Cohos.'"'1'  had  many  inter- 
ests   in    common. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Proprietors 
of  Haverhill  held  in  June,  1763,  at 
Plaistow,  100  miles  away,  it  was 
voted  to  unite  with  Newbury  in 
paying  for  preaching  two  or  three 
months  that  fall  or  winter  if  pos- 
sible and  the  next  year  it  was 
voted  to  have  preaching  for  six 
months. 

This    was    the  last  of   the  "town 


meetings"  held  away  from  the  town 
as  on  Oct.  16,  1764.  the  first  Pro- 
prietor's meeting  in  Haverhill  was 
held  at  the  house  of  Captain  John 
llazen.'^ 

He  was  one  of  the  leading  men 
of  the  town,  his  name  being  first 
on  the  list  of  grantees.  At  this 
house  were  held  for  several  years 
religious  meetings,  town  meetings, 
and  public  gatherings,  and  here  in 
those  early  days  the  pioneers 
were  wont  to  meet  and  "devise 
ways  and  means  for  the  govern- 
ment and  progress  of  the  new  set- 
tlement/-''^ 

In  1764,  the  Rev.  Peter  Powers, 
a  son  of  Capt.  Powers,  who  ten 
years  before  had  been  sent  with  a 
small  party  of  men  to  explore  "the 
hitherto  unknown  region  of  Coos," 
came  from  Hollis  to  labor  with 
this  people  in  holy  things.  Through 
his  instrumentality  a  chureh  was 
formed  comprising  members  from 
both  sides  of  the  river  and  an  ec- 
clesiastical union  formed  which 
lasted    nearly   twenty   years. 

In  January,  1765,  at  a  special 
meeting  held  at  Capt.  Hazen's  the 
town  voted-  to  unite  with  New- 
bury in  giving  Mr.  Powers  "a  call 
to  be  their  gospel  minister  and  to 
pay  as  their  share  of  his  salary  36 
pounds  and  six  shillings  yearly 
and  1-3  part  of  his  installation. 
In  addition  to  this  they  voted  to 
give  him  30  cords  of  wood  yearly, 
cut  and  corded,  at  his  door." 


(1)  Coos  or  CoIkjx  I  pronounced  and  sometimes  spelled  Co-wass)  ""that  once  fairyland  of  long: 
slumbering  generations,"  was  the  name  given  by  the  Indians  to  this  section  of  the  river  valley, 
from  the  curving,  bow  shaped  course  f,f  the  stream — a  similar  "Ox  bow'"  being  noticed  at 
Lancaster    or    Upper     Coos.      The     natives    styled     themselves    Coosucks. 

(2)  Capt.  John  Hazen  erected  the  first  frame  hoiue  in  Haverhill  m  176;"i.  a  few  log  houses 
being  built  previous  to  that  date.  This  house  beautifully  situated  on  the  Haverhill  side  of  the 
Big  Ox-bow  and  commanding  a  n.agr.iheant  view  r.f  Moosilauke  and  the  eastern  hills,  is  sttl! 
in  good  repair,  its  massive  timbers  as  £ound  as  ever,  after  the  lapse  of  more  than  a  century  and 
a  half.  It  is  a  hne  specimen  of  colonial  architecture  with  its  immense  chimney,  fireplaces. 
carved  mantle  pieces,  brick  oven,  etc.  One  room  is  beautifully  panelled  and  in  nearly  every 
roorn  fine  woodwork  was  found  beneath  the  lath  and  plaster  of  a  later  date.  Some  of  the 
floor    boards    nre    of    pine,    2o    inches    wide. 

(3)  The  Johr,  Kaz-n  farm,  late  known  as  the  Swasey  Farm,  has  for  the  last  25  jears  been 
owned    and    occupied    by    the    family    of    the    writer    of    this    sketch. 


NORTH  PARISH  CHURCH 


33  i 


This  was  the  first  vole  of  money 
by  the  Town  as  distinguished  from 
the  Proprietors  and  the  Commit- 
tee chosen  to  carry  tiiis  vote  into  ef- 
fect was  Timothy  Bedell,  John  Tap- 
iin  and  Elisha  Lock. 

It  was  also  voted  at  this  special 
meeting  that  210  acres  of  land  be 
laid  out  as  a  parsonage  lot  next  to 
the  river  at  Horse  Meadow  north 
of  the   Hazen   Farm. 

In  colonial  times,  according  to  a 
statute  passed  in  the  reign  of 
Queen  Ann,  the  whole  town  was 
considered  as  one  parish  and  was 
empowered  to  hire  and  settle  min- 
isters and  pay  them  from  the  pub- 
lic treasury,  The  established  church 
in  the  early  history  of  Haverhill 
was  Congregational  and  every  tax- 
able citizen  was  compelled  to  con- 
tribute toward  its  support  unless 
he  could  prove  that  he  belonged  to 
a  different  persuasion  and  regular- 
ly attended  church  every  Sabbath. 
*  The  Rev.  Peter  Powers,  the  first 
pastor  of  the  Haverhill  and  New- 
bury church,  graduated  from  Har- 
vard in  1754,  and  preached  for 
several  years  at  Norwich,  Conn., 
but  took  a  dismissal  from  that 
church  and  returned  to  his  father's 
home  in  Hollis,  N.  H.  In  Feb, 
1766,  he  accepted  the  call  to  settle 
in  the  parishes  of  Newbury  and  Hav- 
erhill and  arrangements  were  at 
once  made  for  his  installation, 
which  took  place  at  Hollis,  his 
new  parish  having  voted  that  it 
should  he  held  -'down  country 
where  it  si  thought  best."  What 
seems  to  us  more  unusual  yet,  he 
preached  his  own  installation  ser- 
mon which  was  afterward  printed 
for  sale  in  Portsmouth  with  the  fol- 
ing  title  page — 

A  sermon  preached  at  Hollis,  N. 
H.,  Feb.  27,  1765,  at  the  Installa- 
tion of  the  Rev.  Peter  Powers,  A. 
M.,  for  the  towns  of  Newbury  and 
Haverhill  at  a  place  called  Coos  in 
the  Province  of   New  Hampshire. 


By   Myself. 

Published  at  the  desire  of  many 
who  heard  it,  to  whom  it  is  hum- 
bly -dedicated  by  the  unworthy 
author. 

Then  saith  he  to  his  servants — 
The  wedding  is  ready.  Go  ye 
therefore  into  the  highways  and 
as  many  as  ye  shall  find,  bid  to 
the    marriage."     Matt.    XXII    8-9. 

Portsmouth  in  New  Hampshire. 
Printed  and  sold  by  Daniel  and 
Robert   Fowle.     1765'. 

One  historian   of  the  times   says: 

"Mr.  Powers  was  a  serious, 
godly  man,  (more  distinguished 
for  his  plain  faithful  and  pungent 
preaching,  than  for  any  grace  in 
style  or  diction.  Yet  his  sermon 
exhibited  thought,  arrangement,  a 
deep  knowledge  of  the  scriptures 
and  a  soul  full  of  the  love  of 
Christ." 

Mr.  Powers'  goods  were  brought 
up  from  Charlestown  on  the  ice 
soon  after  his  installation  but  his 
family    did    not    arrive    until    April. 

On  June  15,  1767,  at  a  Town 
meeting  held  at  Haverhill  it  was 
"voted  to  join  with  Newbury  in 
building  a  meeting  house  in  the 
center  of  XTewbury,  as  the  road 
shall  he  laid  out,  beginning  at  the 
south  end  of  the  Governor's  farm, 
measuring  the  road  next  to  the 
river  to  the  south  end  of  the  town, 
or  the  lower  end,  and  the  midel  is  the 
place." 

Also  voted  that  Capt.  John 
Hazen,  Ezekiel  Ladd  and  Timothy 
Bedell  be  a  Committee  to  assist 
in  laying  out  the  road  and  locating 
the   meeting  house. 

In  those  days  it  was  considered 
a  disgrace  not  to  attend  church 
unless  one  had  a  very  good  excuse 
and  parents  might  be  seen  walking 
with  their  children,  carrying  the 
little  ones  in  their  arms  to  the 
Great  Oxbow  church,  many  going 
as  far  as  five  miles  and  some  even 
ten  or  twelve.       As  there  were  no 


332 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


roads  or  bridges,  when  the  Haver- 
hill p  e  o  pie  w  e  ]  i  t  to  c  h  u  r  c  h  t  h  e  y 
crossed  the  river  in  canoes,  there 
being  a  sort  of  a  ferry  at  the  south 
end  of  the  town  near  the  Wood- 
ward place,  just  below  where  the 
South  Newbury  or  Bedel  Bridg'e 
now  stands. 

There  was  another  ferry  at  the 
Dow  farm,  now  Pine  Grove  Farm. 
the  home  of  Sen.  IT.  W.  Keyes,  and 
still  another  at  Horse  Meadow,  at 
the  Potter  Place,  the  farm  now 
owned   by   Mr.   Elmer   French." 

The  men  usually  went  barefoot 
in  the  summer  and  the  women 
would  take  off  their  shoes  and 
stockings  while  walking  through 
the  woods,  where  the  grass  and 
bushes  were  damp,  "and  trip  along 
as  nimbly  as  the  dce^,"  decorously 
putting  on  their  footgear  again  as 
they  neared   the   church. 

Bui  few  records  were  kept,  and 
we  know  very  little  of  the  trials 
and  triumphs  of  tin's  earlv  church. 
However,  the  preachers  life  must 
have  been  a  very  strenuous  one 
as  there  was  no  white  minister 
north  of  Charlestown  for  some 
years  after  Mr.  Powers  settled  in 
Coos  and  he  was  frequently  called 
upon  to  attend  weddings  and  fu- 
nerals and  to  preach  the  word  of 
God  in  the  new  settlements  up  and 
down   the    river. 

Until  there  was  a  definite  foot- 
path marked  out  on  the  river  bank, 
Mr.  Powers  used  to  perform  these 
journeys   in   his   canoe. 

It  was  several  years  before  a  meet- 
ing house  was  built  on  the  Haverhill 
side  of  the  river,  though  the  town 
paid  its  share  of  Mr.  Powers'  sal- 
ary and  meetings  were  frequently 
held  there  in  groves,  barns  or  pri- 
vate houses  as  seemed  most  suita- 
ble. 

In  Feb.  1770,  at  a  Town  meeting 
held  at  Capt.  Plazen's  it  was  voted 
"to  build  a  meeting  house  in  Hav- 

Xote    (4)    will     be   found   at  bottom   of  page   333. 


erhill  this  present  year/'  and  on 
March  13th,  of  the  same  year  it 
was  voted  "to  set  the  Meeting 
House  on  the  Common  land, 
where  Joshua  Poole's  house  now 
stands/'  and  to  build  the  Meeting 
House  50x1-0.  It  was  also  voted 
that  J.  Sanders,  Elisha  Lock  and 
Kzekiel  Padd  be  a  Committee  to 
provide  materials  for  building  the 
meeting  house.  Not  much  seems 
to  have  been  done  that  year 
toward  building  the  house  how- 
ever, and  the.  next  spring,  1771, 
March  12,  the  subject  was  ag-ain 
brought  up  in  town  meeting,  when 
it  was  voted  to  reconsider  the  vote 
concerning  the  size  of  the  build- 
ing and  "to  build  a  house  one  storv, 
36"  ft.  by  30  ft." 

Voted  "to  raise  the  frame  of  the 
meeting  house,  board  and  shingle 
the   same   and   lay  the   under   floor/' 

Also  voted  "to  raise  fifty  pounds 
lawful  money  for  building  said 
house  at  Horse  Meadow,  (later 
known  as  the  North  Parish)  and 
to  give  each  man  liberty  to  work- 
out his  proportion  of  said  house  at 
three    shillings    (50    cts.)    a    day." 

We  hnd  it  recorded  that  during 
the  next  few  years  several  availed 
themselves  of  this  privilege  in 
hewing  out  timbers  for  the  frame 
of  the  church  but  for  some  reason 
the  work  progressed  slowly  and 
we  do  not  know  the  exact  date 
when  it  was  finished,  probably  not 
until  after  the  close  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. 

It  was  a  square,  unpainted  build- 
ing, beautifully  situated  at  the  turn 
of  the  road,  in  the  southwest  cor- 
ner of  what  is  now  Horse  Meadow- 
cemetery.  Its  wide  front  door 
faced  the  south  and  on  the  west, 
looking  out  over  the  broad  Con- 
necticut valley,  it  was  shaded  by 
the  Lombardy  poplars,  set  out  by 
Col.  Asa  Portor,  which  lined  the 
street  in  a  double  row.   (4) 


NORTH  PARISH  CHURCH 


333 


Within  it  was  severely  plain  like 
most  of  the  country  churches  of 
that,  period,  large,  square  pews 
each  with  its  Little  door  occupying 
the  center  of  the  room  with  narrow 
straight  backed  benches  around  the 
sides.  The  pulpit,  narrow  and 
high,  with  its  lofty  sounding  board, 
faced  the  door,  while  a  gallery  for 
the  singers  ran  around  the  other 
three  sides.  For  many  years  the 
house  was  unheated  except  as  some 
sister  might  bring  her  foot  stove 
but  later  a  large  box  stove  was 
set  np  near  the  door.  Xo  porch, 
no  spacious  vestibule,  no  'stained 
glass  windows,  no  soft  cushioned 
pews  added  their  attractions.  No 
swelling  notes  of  the  organ  or  chime 
of  sweet  toned  bells  summoned  the 
people  to  worship  yet  here  sabbath 
after  sabbath  large  congregations 
were  wont  to  gather,  to  praise  God, 
and  to  keep  alive  that  "faith  of  their 
fathers  — holy  faith"  to  which  so 
many  of  them  were  "true  till  death." 

In  the  mean  time  Mr.  Powers 
had  been  dismissed  from  the  church 
at  Newbury  and  though  he  moved 
over  to  Haverhill  and  preached 
there  for  a  few  years  longer  religi- 
ous interest  seems  to  have  been  at 
a  very  low  ebb,  and  in  1783  it  was 
voted  in  Town  Meeting  "not  to 
have  Mr.  Powers  to  preach  any 
more."  From  that  time  until  the 
building  of  the  church  on  Ladd  St. 
in  the  south  part  of  the  town  in 
1790  but  little  money  was  raised 
for  church  purposes  and  it  is  said 
that  at  one  time  nut  a  sermon  had 
been  preached  in  the  place  for  a  year. 

In  1790,  however,  a  powerful  re- 
vival of  religion  swept  over  the 
town  and  the  spirit  came  down  like 
a  might}-   rushing   wind,   "In   every 


house  from  the  Dow  Farm  to  the 
Piermont  line  the  inhabitants  were 
wading  for  sin"  and  many  from  all 
parts  of  the  town  joined  the  newly 
organized    church. 

However  it  was  not  long  before 
the  reaction  came,  the  religious  zeal 
of  the  people  abated,  the  once  nour- 
ishing church  was  reduced  to  12 
members  and  "a  covering  of  sack- 
cloth was  spread  upon  the  tent  of 
Zion." 

For  several  years  dissensions  had 
been  rife  in  regard  to  the  places  for 
holding  church  services  and  the  ques- 
tion of  dividing  the  town  into  two 
parishes  was  again  and  again  discuss- 
ed the  proposed  dividing  line 
being  just  below  the  Fisher 
Farm.  The  subject  was  brought  up 
in  Town  Meeting  several  *"mes  but 
the  division  was  for  some  r^.son  bit- 
terly opposed  by  Gen.  Moses  Dow 
and  many  other  influential  men  of  the 
town. 

A  committee  was  elected  from  each 
end  of  the  town  to  ''settle  all  disputes 
between  the  two  ends  of  the  town" 
and  it  was  decided  "to  hold  meetings 
for  Publick  Worship  on  the  Lord's 
Day,  Alternatively  at  each  end  of 
the  town  and  if  through  Badness  of 
the  Weather  or  Inability  of  the 
Preacher,  he  should  preach  Two  or 
More  Sabbaths  at  one  end  of  the  town 
the  same  is  to  be  made  up  to  the 
other  end  of  the  town  before  the 
year  comes  to  an  end."  As  the  popu- 
lation of  the  town  increased  it  was 
very  difficult  to  find  preachers  with 
whom  the  whole  parish  were  satisfied 
and  petitions  were  presented  in  Town 
Meeting  from  time  to  time  asking 
that  the  petitioners  might  be  excused 
from  helping  to  pay  the  salaries  of 
ministers   with   whose   religious   views 


century    and    a    half   ago, 
In    almost    every    instance 


(4)  It  id  to.  be  regretted  that  but  few  of  these  old  churches  of 
so  typical  of  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont,  are  still  in  existence. 
they   have   been   allowed    to   df>cay   and   finally    have    been    torn   down. 

A  most  notable  exception  is  tile  old  "Dana  Meeting  House'-  at  New  Hampton,  which,  thanks 
to  a  movement  started  by  the  late  Rev.  A.  J.  Gordon,  the  beloved  and  lamented  pastor  of 
the  Clarendon  Street  church  of  Boston,  has  been  kept  in  perfect  repair  and  where  services 
are  held  for  a  few  sabbaths  each  summer.  No  attempt  has  been  made  to  adorn  or  modernize 
this  beautiful  old  structure,  merely  to  correct  and  prevent  as  far  as  possible  the  ravages 
of    time. 


334 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


they    had    no    sympathy    and    whose 
church    they    never   attended. 

We  find  on  record  the  plea  of  one 
Thomas  Nichols  to  be  excused  from 
taxation  for  church  purposes  accom- 
panied   by    the     following     certificate. 

"This  may  certify  that  Mr.  Thomas 
Nichols  of  Haverhill  is  and  has  been 
for  a  number  of  years  sentimentally 
a  Baptist  and  has  when  called  on, 
punctually  paid  his  proportion  for  the 
support  oi  the  ministry  in  that  de- 
nomination. 

(Signed)    Ezra    Wellmouth 
Minister  of  the  Gospel  of  the  regular 
Baptist  denomination,  Rumney. 
A  true  copy.  Attest. 

Joseph    Ladd. 
Town    Clerk. 
Haverhill.   X.   H.   Jan.   1:4,    1S04. 

It  seems  that  his  petition  was 
granted  but  not  until  he  had  paid  his 
minister's  tax  for  the  year — .61  cents. 

Other  men  more  prominent  in  the 
early  history  of  Haverhill  protested 
against  the  injustice  of  this  taxation 
among  them  Gen.  Moses  Dow,  John 
Hurd   a ttd   Asa    Porter. 

The  statute  remained  in  force,  how- 
ever, until  the  passing  of  the  Toler- 
ation Act  in   1807 

Finally  in  1814  "the  people  began 
to  flow  together  again"  to  hear  the 
word  of  God.  under  the  preaching 
of  Rev.  Grant  Powers,  a  grandson 
of  the  pioneer  and  he  says  that  before 
the  close  of  the  year  1815  more  than 
sixty  were  called  to  the  church. 
"Some  became  pillars  and  remained  so 
until  this  day  though  some  have 
fallen   asleep." 

It  was  during  this  revival  of  in- 
terest in  spiritual  tilings  that  the  town 
was  finally  divided  into  two  parishes 
by  an  Act  of  the  Legislature.  Sam- 
uel Morey  of  Orford,  Jonathan  Mer- 
rill of  Warren  and  Samuel  Hutchins 
of  Bath,  being  the  Committee  ap- 
pointed to  "run  the  line." 

(5)      Information  ,regarding    any    member    of    the 
received    by   the    writer   of    this    sketch.      For    this 
ing    it    may    meet    the    eye    of   some    descendant    or 
nieat<i   with    her. 


The  people  in  the  north  end  of  the 
town  had  long  been  desirous  of  hav- 
ing a  settled  pastor  and  services  in 
their   own    church    every    Sabbath. 

Finally  on  June  10th,  1815,  thirteen 
of  the  members  of  the  Ladd  St. 
church  who  lived  at  Horse  Meadow 
and  Brier  Hill  with  a  few  from  Bath, 
met  to  perfect  a  separate  organization 
and  on  June  15th.  the  North  Parish 
Congregational  Church  was  formally 
and  legally  organized.  The  Rev. 
Samuel  Godard,  their  first  pastor  was 
the  moderator  of  the  meeting,  and 
was  assisted  by  the  Rev.  David  Suth- 
erland   of    Bath. 

Steven  Morse  and  John  Punchard 
were  elected  Deacons,  and  John  Kim- 
ball chosen  Clerk  and  Treasurer. 

A  most  binding  Covenant  and  eight 
Articles  of  Faith  were  adopted  with 
this  preamble. 

The  object  we  have  in  view  to 
have  a  written  Covenant  and  Articles 
of  Faith  is  not  to  sit  ourselves  up  as 
a  party  and  to  practically  say  "we  are 
more  holly  than  thou"  but  think  it  is 
a  duty  we  owe  ourselves,  our  pos- 
terity for  Jesus  Christ,  that  we  make 
known  to  the  world  what  appears  to 
.us  to  be  the  plain  meaning  of  the 
fundamental  principals  of  the  word  of 
God  and  that  by  these  truths  that  we 
may    adhere    steadfast    until    the    e.nd. 

Neither  do  we  adopt  these  articles 
of  faith  as  terms  of  communion  but 
on  the  contrary  our  communion  table 
will  always  stand  open  to  every  man 
who  gives  clear  evidence  of  conver- 
sion to  God,  the  blood  of  the  Cross 
and   who    walketh   uprightly. 

Desirous  of  being  united  together  of 
the  same  mind  and  judgment,  we  de- 
clare the  following  to  be  a  brief  sum- 
mary   of    our   view    of    divine   truth." 

Then  follow  the  eight  Articles  and 
the   Covenant. 

'r,)At  the  risk  of  being  tedious  I 
will  give    the    list    of  church  mem- 

North  Parish  church  will  he  most  gratefully 
reason  the  complete  list  has  been  given,  hop- 
relative    who    will    be    kind    enough    to    commu- 


NORTH  PARISH  CHURCH 


335 


bership,  the  first  thirteen  being  the 
original  members  and  the  founders 
of  the  North  Parish  Congregational 
Church. 

Dea.    Steven    Morse  Joseph    Bullock 

Form    Carr  John    Morse 

Pan'l     Carr  Jahleel    Willis 

Jona    Whitman  An<^rew  S.  Crocker 

Moses    Campbell  Henry     Hancock 

John     Punchard  Moses    A.    Morse 
John    Kimball 

Dan'l    Rowel!  Susana    Howard 
Joseph   Emerson  Jedediah    Kimball 
Nathan    Heath  Betsey    Crocker 
Dan'l     Carr,    Sen.  Betsey   Crocker,    Sen 
Nathan    Avery  Matinda    Can- 
Moses     Mulliken  Sally    Kimball 
Moses    Mulliken,    Jr.  Mrs,     Poter 
Edward    B.    Crocker  H.    R.    Leland 
Gorarn    Keger  Airs.    Robertson 
Hiram    Carr  Sarah    Hibbard 
D.    C.     Kimball  Charlotte    Emerson 
Agustus    Robinson  Mary    Hibbard 
Elisha    Hibbard  Charlotte    Mulliken 
Daniel    Carr.    Jr.  Sally    Mulliken 
Mr.    E.    Swift  Mary    Wilson 
Sally    Chase  Roxalana   Worthen 
Isabella    Sanborn  Mrs.    Avery 
Clarissa    Sanborn  Mabel    Brock 
Patty   Gibson  Liza    Carr 
Anna     Mullikdn  Betsey    Bliss 
Sarah    Morse  Miss  Moira    Brewster 
Hannah    Carr  Mrs.    Satn'l    Carr 
Sally    Punchard  Relief    Mulliken 
Mehitabel    Kimball  Sally    Gitchell 
Sarah    Bullock  Mrs.    Nancy    Delano 
Unice    Morse  Mr.    Luther    Warren 
Sally    Willis  Mrs.  Luther  Warren 
Shua    Crocker  Alden    E.    Morse 
Hannah     Morse  Phebe    Gitchell 
Betsey    Emerson  Mrs.   Mary   Hibbard 
Elizabeth    Carr  Mrs    Hubert  Eastman 
Ana    Bruce  Mrs.    Eliza    Page 
Alary    Chase  Airs.    Elisha    Swift 
Alary    Goodridge  Aliss  Laura  W.   Aver 
Isabella    Johnson  Aliss   Alma  A.  Carr 
Polly    Johnson 

"All  are  vanished  now  and  fled." 
As  far  as  we  know  not  a  single 
member  of  the  North  Parish  Church 
is  now  living.  Airs.  Hubert  East- 
man who  died  Nov.  20th,  1904,  at  the 
advanced  age  of  85,  was  the  last  one 
to  pass  from  the  church  militant  to 
the  church  triumphant.  At  the  time  of 
her  admission  to  the  church  we  find 
this  record.     Nov.   1st.   1849. 

"Also  Mrs.  Hubbard  Eastman  who 
was  a  member  of  the   Congregational 


church  in  Worcester,  Vt.  but  by  rea- 
son of  a  seism  in  that  church  she 
could  not  bring  a  letter,  presented  her 
case  and  wished  to  become  a  member 
of  this  church. 

"Voted  thai  inasmuch  as  her  christ- 
ian character  is  without  reproach 
among  us  and  she  is  in  no  way  per- 
sonally and  directly  involved  in  the 
seism  of  the  church  in  Worcester, 
she  should  be  received  into  this  as 
though  she  were  regularly  recom- 
mended   by    letter." 

Though  the  church  records  are  few 
and  far  between  they  are  often  right  to 
the  point  as  for  instance,  Sept.  8,  1815 

"Voted  to  give  Sally  Chase  a  letter 
of  recommendation.  9th.  Gave  a 
letter  of  recommendation  to  said 
Sally.'" 

The  names  of  the  pastors  are  not 
given  excepting  as  they  are  sometimes 
referred  to  as  presiding  at  church 
meetings.  We  have  no  account  of 
the  salaries  paid  to  the  different  min- 
isters or  how  the  money  was  raised. 
That  they  depended  on  outside  help  to 
some  extent  we  see  by  the  following 
entry.  Sept.  2nd.  1816.  Voted  the 
thanks  of  the  church  be  communi- 
cated to  the  N.  H.  Missionary  Society 
for  aid  they  have  afforded  the  chh. 
the  season  past.  Voted  the  clerk  be 
directed  to  communicate  the  vote  of 
thanks  to  the  Missionary  Society,  sol- 
iciting  further   aid." 

The  records  give  but  little  informa- 
tion as  to  the  actual  business  of  the 
church,  referring  mostly  to  the  ad- 
mission of  new  members  either  by 
letter  profession  and  the  dismissal  of 
members  as  they  removed  from  the 
place  or  joined  other  churches  in  the 
vicinity. 

From  1817  to  1827  we  find  no 
records,  although  the  Treasurer's 
Book  shows  that  Communion  ser- 
vices were  frequent!)'  held  and  con- 
tributions received  during  that 
time. 

The  contributions  were  very 
small     however,     hardly    enough    to 


336 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


pay"  for  the  Communion  wine  used. 
In  fact,  the  church  was  at  one  time 
owing  the  Treasurer  the  sum  of 
$5.97  for  wine,  etc.,  which  was 
made  up  to  him  by  the  kindness  of 
the  Ladies'  Auxiliary,  an  associa- 
tion having  the  ambitious  title  of 
the  "Society  for  Educating  the 
Heathen  Youth/'  This  is  the  first 
"Ladies'  Aid  Society''  of  which  we 
have  any  record  in  town.  They 
held  their  meetings  the  first  Mon- 
day of  each  month  and  we  find  it 
recorded  that  on  Sept.  22.  1819, 
they  had  on  hand  $  15.97.  of  which 
they  paid  the  Treasurer  of  the 
Sta'te  Missionary  Society  $10.00 
and  later  gave  their  church  treas- 
urer the  $5.97,  the  balance  due  him. 

We.  are  glad  he  was  no  loser  on 
account  of  his  generosity,  and  that 
the  "Society  for  Educating  the 
Heathen  Youth,"  permitted  its 
funds  to  be  used  for  "such  other 
purposes  as  the  church  shall  from 
time,  to  time  judge  to  be  most  for 
the  promotion  of  the  Cause  of 
Zion." 

A  few  extracts  from  his  book 
will  show  that  he  must  have  had 
to  use  some  ingenuity,  to  say  the 
least,  in  keeping  his  accounts. 

The   first   entry    is: 
April   7,    1816,    Contributions 

of  church  $1.83 

Contributions    of 
congregation  $6.13 

Paid   Rev.   Mr.   Godard  $8.00 

Paid   for   wine  .67 

Nov.  24,  1816,  Contribution  $1.36 
To   paid   for   wine  .67 

To  paid  two  books  7-6  and 

two   letters  $1.45 

Sometimes  they  were  more  for- 
tunate, however,  and  the  contribu- 
tions more  nearly  paid  the  ex- 
penses. 

April  1,  1817,  By  your  treasurer, 
(Sister  Wilson  insisted  he  should 
receive  for  writing  and  postage  of 
letters  to  Claremont  when  she 
joined    the    church)  $1.00 


To  cash  paid  Dea.  Morse,  the 
balance    due    him    for    table 
furniture  $1.32 

Dec.  24,  1817,  Communion,  Mr. 
Godard      preaches ;       contri- 
bution $5.75 
Wine,  Dea.  Morse  found  and 

we  pay  .75 

June   7,    1820.    Contribution  .7S 

Paid   two   quarts   wine  $1.00 

Aug".  1,  Contribution,  John  Carr  .12 
Paid   1   qt.  and   1  gil  wine  .50 

1825,    Rev.    Mr.    Sutherland 
To   paid   3   pts.   wine  .75 

Cash    paid    by   John    Carr  .10 

1827,  Communion,  Rev.  Air.  Porter. 
To  3  pts  wine,  1  qt.  charged,  .38 
1S28,  Aug.  10,  To  2  qts.  malaga 

wine  .58 

By    Dan'l    Carr    (Capt.)  .25 

By   Dea.   Morse  .10 

By    Mrs.    Hibbard  .20 

Total  $.55 

Under  this  last  date  the  Treas- 
urer cheerfully  adds  "nearly 
100  communicants — three  churches 
and  our   own." 

Among  those  who  are  mentioned 
as  administering  communion  from 
time  to  time  are  Rev.  Air.  McKeen, 
Rev.  David  Sutherland,  Air.  Jona- 
than Hovey,  Rev.  David  Smith, 
Rev.  Sylvester  Dana,  Rev.  Air. 
Porter  and    Rev.   Air.   Dutton. 

How  many  of  these  were  regu- 
lar settled  pastors  we  do  not  know 
—certainly  not  all  of  them. 

In  1833,  John  Kimball,  with  sev- 
eral others,  having  taken  a  letter 
of  dismissal  from  this  church  and 
a  letter  of  reccommendation  to  the 
church  at  Haverhill  Corner,  John 
Carr  was  chosen  clerk,  which  office 
he  held  until  1847,  when  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Delano  took  charge  of  the 
church.  He  kept  the  records  him- 
self, his  last  entry  being  in  1831. 
He  was  full  of  zeal  but  very  ec- 
centric. It  is  said  that  when  a 
faithful  sister  once  remonstrated 
with  him  for  some  oddity,  he  re- 
plied,    "Aladam,     I     must    be    Sam 


NORTH   PARISH   CHURCH  337 

Delano   or   nothing-."        During    his  ligious    beliefs    of    a      generation      of 

pastorate,     Dea.     Perley    Aver-  and  faithful,       unassuming       men       and 

Deacon     Elisha      Swift     were     quite  women   and    thus   was     an    important 

active     in    church     work    and    were  factor   in   the   early    history    of      our 

frequent!}"     sent     as     delegates     to  town. 

other    churches    at    the    time    of    lit-  As    tin's    older    generation    passed 

stallation  of  pastors,  etc.  away    and    the     succeeding     one     he- 

Although      he     calls      himself      the  came    interested    in    other    churches 

pastor     of    the    North     /Parish,    his  in    the   town,    the   old   building  was 

congregation  was  getting  scattered,  neglected   and    fell   into   disuse   as   a 

the  house  was  getting  sadly  out  of  place     for  holding  services     although 

repair,   and    he   preached    in   various  down      Meetings      were     still     held 

other      places,      sometimes     at     the  there      until      the      erection      of   the 

Brier  Hill  School    House     and     later  Town   House  at   the  Center, 

as      new     churches     were     built   in  At   last   the   building  wras   sold   to 

these     parts    of    the     town,     at     the  Mr.     Lafayette    'Morse     and     'used 

Union    House   at   the   Center,   or   at  as  a  barn.     It    was  moved  away  in 

the     Brick        church        (Baptist)      at  1SS2    and     the    Cemetery     extended 

North    Haverhill    Village.  to  its  present  boundaries,  being  en- 

Among  his  notes  we  rind,  1848,  larged  by  the  addition  of  the  beau- 
Jan.,  "First  Sabbath.  Very  cold.  tiful  corner  lot.  Of  the  row  of 
blowing  hard,  meeting  very  thin,  stately  poplars,  but  'one  remains, 
and  the  ordinance  of  the  supper  standing  like  a  lonely  sentinel  at 
deferred.  1850,  March  3.  Com-  the  foot  of  the  street. 
rnunion  service.  Day  very  cold.  The  pewter  communion  set.  or(6> 
Few  present.  Interesting  and  prof-  "Table  Furnature"  as  it  is  styled 
itable  time.  May  5.  Day  rainy,  in  the  Treasurer's  Book,  together 
Few  present.  Solemn  and  interest-  with  the  books  of  the  clerk  and 
ing.  July  7.  Communion.  Good  treasurer,  were  carried  to  the  home 
day.  A  season  of  deep  interest,  of  Mr.  Joshua  Carr  in  Brier  Hill 
etc."  for    safe    keeping. 

His  pastorate  terminated  in   1851.  Later,     that   home     being   broken 

and    after     that     time    we    have   but  up    by    the    death    of    its    members, 

one       more    item,     "the     Rev.     Air.  they    were    sent    to    the    Historical 

Strong     being  pastor     and    Dea.      E.  Pooms  at  Concord,  where  they  will 

Swift,   clerk — April    5,    1855,    (a   sad  be   carefully   pre.-erved. 

commentary     on     the     downfall    of  Those    who    care    for    the    annals 

one    of    their    members)    'Voted    to  of   the   past   will   find   these   records 

excommunicate  M.   N".   M.   from  the  quaint      and      interesting      reading. 

church,    on    the    charge    of    Disord-  though    they    are    far    from    complete. 

ely  Conduck  in  particular   for  Drink-  The     life    of     this     church,     brief 

ing    Speretous    Dickers.'  '  and    uneventful    as    it    was,    covers 

This    closes    the    written    history  a   period    in   the    earl}'    part    of  the 

of  the  North  Parish  Church,  but  of  19th    century    singularly    lacking   in 

its  unwritten   history   who  can   tell?  occasion    or    opportunity    for    heroic 

Its    life    as   a   separate    organiza-  adventures  or  deeds  of  high  renown 

tion    was    brief,    lasting   only    forty  yet  most  important  as  a  strong  and 

years,   yet    it    satisfied    the    spiritual  necessary   link  in  the  chain  binding 

aspirations    and    crystalized    the    re-  together    the    pioneers,    the    heroes 

(6)      Extract    from    Treasurers     Report  :— - 

1817.      Jan.     1  i.      Contribution    by    Brother    John  Moiyo-  toward     table     furnature    $1.00 

1817.      July    17.      To    cash    paidvDea.    Morse,    the  bal.    due    him    for    the    Table    Furniture    $1.32 

1817.      July    17.      To    cash    paid    Dea.    Horse,    the  bal.    due    him    for    the    Table    Furniture    ?1.32 


338  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

of  76  and  the  "boys  of  '61."  tions  let  us  see  to  it  that  their  mem- 

As    the    harsh    discordant    echoes  ory  be  kept  green  and  not  allowed 

of  the  great  world  war  are  gradually  to     fade    away    and    utterly    perish 

lying   away   let   us   turn   our   atten-  from  the  earth. 

lion  for  a  time  to  the  unsung  heroes  To   this  end   it   is    certainly    desir- 

of  a  century  ago.  able  that  the  site  of  this  old  church 

Recognizing    that   "peace    hath      its  should   not   be   forgotten, 

victories   no   less   than   war"   we   must  ,T)  'Let  us  mark  with  some  suitable 

grant     their     sturdy      virtues,      their  and     enduring     memorial     the     hal- 

sterling  qualities  of    mind    and    heart  lowed    spot   which   was   to   our   fore 

a   high   place   in   our   estimation.  fathers   for   so  many  years  "a   faith's 

For  the  sake  of  the  future  genera-  pure  shrine/' 

(7)  Coosuek  Chapter  D.  A.  R.  hope,  with  the  cooperation  of  their  many  friends,  to  erect  e. 
gateway  in  the  near  future,  at  the  Horse  Meadow  Cemetery  to  mark  the  site  of  the  North 
Parish    Church. 


THE  HAVEN  OF  LOST  SHIPS 

By  E.  F.  Kecne 

I  roamed,  one  night,  the  dread  Sargasso  Sea 
Between  the  Azores  and  the  Spanish  Main, 
And  saw  the  sea-killed  souls  of  vanished  ships — 
Clippers,  and  slavers,  galleons,  sloops  of  war — 
Jammed  rail  to  rail,  a  continent  of  wrecks 
Bound  round  with  weed  by  ocean's  endless  sti 


•earn, 


It  seemed  to  me  each  derelict  was  manned 

By  crews  long  dead;  their  gray,  fantastic  shapes 

(Yet  fantasy  is  very  real  in  dreams) 

Hurrying  fore  and  aft,  and  up  and  down, 

Hauling  the  treasure   from  some  oozy  hold ; 

Lowering  strange  boats  with  lightning  discipline; 

Breaking  out  stores  laid  down  when  mighty  Spain 

Owned  the  Xew  World,,  and  challenged  Britain's  self 

Her  stewardship  of  the  seas. — And  some  were  slaves: 

White  grisly  things  of  bone  chained  row  on  row 

Which  writhed  and  fought  in  orderly  confusion. 

Stretched  hands  to  me.  and  whimpered  for  release. 

Warriors,  pirates— each  ship's  company — 

Died  nobly  or  ignobly,  as  they  passed 

From  time  again  into  eternity; 

And  pale  corpse-candles  of  St.  Elmo's  fire 

Illumined  with  despair  this  ancient  death, 

Where  all   Atlantis'   floatsam   waits   the   end. 


,3S-t 


A  REMARKABLE  FAMILY 

WITH    A  CLOSE   NEW   HAMPSHIRE   CONNECTION 


What  may  safely  be  called  a  most 
remarkable  family  and  one  that  pro- 
bably cannot  he  matched  in  one  re- 
spect at  leas:,  is  that  of  the  late 
Isaac    Stevens    Metealf  of   Elyria,   O. 

Mr.  "Metealf  was  of  the  eighth  gen- 
eration from  Michael  Metealf.  the 
immigrant  ancestor,  son  of  Isaac  and 
Anne  Mayo  (Stevens)  Metealf,  born 
in  Royalston.  Mass.,  January  29, 
1822,  and  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, class  of  1847.  He  was  a  civil 
engineer  by  profession,  and  followed 
the  same  in  Maine  and  New  Hamp- 
shire till  1850,  when  he  removed  to 
Illinois  and  was  engaged  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  Illinois  Cetral  Rail- 
road till  its  completion  in  1855.  In 
November  of  the  following  year  he 
removed  to  Elyria,  O.,  where  he  re- 
sided till  his  death,  February  19, 
1878.  He  was  a  prominent  citizen 
and  held  various  positions  of  public 
trust. 

Mr.  Metealf  married  July  5,  .1852, 
Antoinette  Brigham,  daughter  of  Rev. 
John  M.  and  Arethca  (Brigham) 
Putnam  of  Dumbarton,  N.  H.  Mr. 
Putnam  was  a  prominent  Congrega- 
tional clergyman  of  his  day.  and  was 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Dumbarton 
from  July  8,  1850,  till  October  9, 
1861.  Isaac  S.  and  Antoinette  B. 
Metealf  had  twelve  children,  of 
whom  three  died  in  infancy  and  nine 
grew  to  maturity,  and  eight  are  now 
living,  these  are : 

1.  Wilder  Stevens  Metealf,  born 
in  Milo,  Me.,  September  10,  1855; 
Oberlin  College,  A.  B.,  1878;  Univ. 
of  Kan.  School  of  Law,  1897;  U.  S. 
Pension  Agent,  Topeka,  Kan..  8  1-2 
years;  member  Lawrence  Kan.  School 
Board,  10  years ;  private  in  Ohio 
Nat.  Guard ;  private  to  brigadier  gen- 
eral in  Kansas  Nat.  Guard;  major  and 
colonel  29th  Kansas  Inf.,  serving  in 
Phillipines;    promoted   brigadier    gen- 


eral by  Pies.  McKinley ;  brigadier 
general  in  command  of  77th  Inf. 
brigade  at  Camp  Beauregard.  Alex- 
andria, Ya.,  1817;  retired  1819;  now 
conducting  farm  loan  business  in 
Lawrence.    Kan. 

2.  Charles  Rich  Metealf,  born  in 
Elyria,  O.,  August  3.  1857,  employed 
for  many  years  past  in  the  office  of 
Gen.  Wilder  S.  Metealf,  Lawrence, 
Kan. 

3.  Marion  Metealf,  born  Elyria, 
O..  May  1,  1859;  graduated  from 
Wellesley  College,  Mass.,  1880;  ten 
years  a  member  of  Wellesley  faculty; 
three  years  teacher  of  Bible  in  Hamp- 
ton Institute,  Ya. ;  now  residing  in 
Oberlin.    O. 

4.  Anna  Mayo  Metealf,  born  El- 
yria, O.,  July  26,  1862;  Wellesley  Col- 
lege, Oberlin  College,  1884;  married 
April  30,  1887,  Azariah  Smith  Root, 
librarian   of    Oberlin    College. 

5.  John  Milton  Putnam  Metealf, 
born  Elyria,  O.,  October  28,  1864; 
Oberlin  College,  1885 ;  Union  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  N.  Y.  City,  1888; 
preacher  and  teacher ;  president  Talla- 
dego  College,  Ala. ;  now  in  Voca- 
tional Training,  Department,  Vete- 
rans'  Bureau,   Washington,   D.   C. 

6.  Carl  Harlan  Metealf,  born  El- 
yria, O.,  June  25,  1867;  Oberlin  Col- 
lege, 1889;  Oberlin  Theological  and 
Chicago  Theological  Seminary;  Con- 
gregational preacher  at  Madison,  O., 
noted  singer. 

7.  Grace  Ethel  Metealf,  born  El- 
yria, O.,  March  5,  1870;  Oberlin  Col- 
lege, 1889;  married  Harold  Farmer 
Hall;   died    Chicago,   April   23,    1896. 

8.  Henry  Martin  Metealf,  born 
Elyria,  O.,  September  11,  1871; 
Oberlin  College,  1891;  Pennsylvania 
Medical  College ;  First  Lieut.  Medi- 
cal Corps,  U.  S.  Army,  1917-1919; 
now  practicing  medicine  at  Wake- 
man,  O. 


3-10 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


9.  Antoinette  Brigfiam  Putnam 
Metcalf,  born  Elvria,  C,  September 
7,  \$73:  Oberlin  College.  ISC^: 
Oberlin  College  Library ;  now  Ref- 
erence   Librarian,    YVellesley    College. 

Mr,  Metcalf s  first  wife,  An- 
toinette B.  Putnam,  died  August  14, 
1875.  March  25.  1878.  he  married 
Harriet  Howes,  born  at  Gatonwood 
House,  Northampton.  England,  July 
17,  1850;  died  December  17.  1894. 
B}*  this  second  marriage  he  had  six 
children,   as   follows  : 

1.  Ralph  Howes  Metcalf.  born 
Elvria.  C,  Tan.  7.  1879;  died  Decem- 
ber  10.   1894. 

2.  Joseph  Mayo  Metcalf.  born 
Elvria!  O.;  October  30,  1880;  Ober- 
lin College.  1901  ;  Harvard  College, 
1902;  Civil  Engineer;  now  princi- 
pal Assistant  Engineer,  Missouri, 
Kansas  and  Texas  R.  R..  M.  K.  & 
T.  office,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

3.  Eliah  Wight  Metcalf,  born 
Evria.  O.,  December  26.  1881  ;  Kan- 
sas State  University.  1904;  Civil 
Engineer;  now  with  M.  K.  &  T. 
Railway,    St.    Louis,    Mo. 

4.  Isaac  Stevens  Metcalf,  born 
Elyria,  O..  September  14.  1883; 
Oberlin     College,      1906;     Editorial 


Writer     Cleveland   Plaindealer ;     now 

in    advertising    business    Cleveland, 
O. 

5.  Keves  DeWitt  Metcalf,  born 
Elvria.  6..  April  13.  1889;  Oberlin 
College.  1911;  Oberlin  College  Li- 
brary; now  assistant  Librarian. 
New  York  Public  Library. 

6.  Thomas  Nelson  Metcalf, 
born  Elvria,  O.,  September  21, 
1890;  Oberlin  College.  A.  B.,  A. 
M..  and  certificate  in  Physical  Ed- 
ucation, 1913 ;  coach  and  physical 
director.  Columbia  University, 
New  York,  and  Oberlin  College; 
now  Professor  of  Physical  Educa- 
tion, and  assistant  coach,  Univer- 
sity of   Minnesota. 

Of  the  thirteen  children  of  Isaac 
Stevens  Metcalf,  now  living,  all 
but  one  are  college  graduates,  and 
all  hold  prominent  positions  in 
professional,  business  or  social  life. 
It  is  doubtful  that  another  family 
can  be  found  in  this  or  another 
country    to   match    this    record. 

Ten  of  the  thirteen  children  are 
married ;  one  son  and  two  daugh- 
ters unmarried.  There  are  now 
eighteen  living  grandchildren  —  nine 
boys   and  nine  girls. 


PINE-TREE  SONG 

By  Helen  Adams  Parker 

Pines,  pines,  a  forest  of  pines, 
Before  rne,  around  me,  in  thick  brown  lines ; 
Plump  green  boughs  towering  high  over  all, 
Bend  this  way  and  that  at  the  breezes'  call. 

Birds  light   on  your  branches  and  sing  their   songs, 
I  sit  'neath  your  shade  and  forget  my  wrongs; 
The  tinkle  of  cow-bells  comes  up  from  the  lane, " 
A  bumble-bee  buzzes  in  drowsy  refrain. 


In  and  out  from  low  bushes  gay  butterflies  fly, 

The  air  is  so  fragrant,  so  blue  is  the  sky ; 

Earth  and  all  her  dumb  children  are  giving  their  best, 

Then  be  thankful,  oh,  man-child,  and  joy  with  the  rest. 


?4I 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY  DAY 


An  interesting  addition  recently 
made  to  the  state's  art  collection  is 
the  self-painted  portrait  of  Adna 
Tenney,  who,  with  his  nephew, 
Ulysses  D.  Tenney,  is  the  author 
of  more  of  the  works  in  that  col- 
lection   than    all    other    artists    rep- 

sented    in   it   combined.     The  por- 

bv    its 


re 
trait 


is    given    to    the    state 


wife's  grandmother,  Lttcinda,  wife 
of  Colonel  Ashbel  Smith,  was  Ad- 
na  Tenney 's   sister. 

Thomas  Tenney,  the  founder  of 
this  numerous  and  important  fam- 
ily in  America,  came  from  York- 
shire. England,  to  Salem,  Mass., 
in  1639.  Representatives  of  the 
fifth   generation   from   Thomas   emi- 


?    / 


Adna  Tenney:  by  Himself 


Photo     by     Kimball     Studio. 


subject's  son.  Rev.  Henry  M.  Tenney, 
trustee  of  Oberlin  College  and  pastor 
emeritus  of  the  First  Congrega- 
tional church  in  the  city  of  Oberlin. 
Arrangements  for  the  donation 
were  made  by  Hon.  George  W. 
Barnes  of  Lyme,  member  of  the 
executive  council  from  the  first 
district,  whose  interest  in  the  mat- 
ter  arises     from     the     fact   that   his 


grated  from  Norwich,  Conn.,  in 
1770,  by  ox  team,  to  Hanover, 
where  they  settled  upon  what  is 
now  known  as  Moose  Mountain, 
long  called  Tenney  Hill.  In  the 
sixth  generation  was  Captain  John 
Tenney,  who  was  born  in  Con- 
necticut, but  came  to  Hanover  in 
childhood.  He  married  Lucinda 
Eaton,  of  Windham,   Conn.,  cousin 


34: 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


of  the.  famous  General  William 
Eaton,  and  they  had  six  children, 
one  of  whom  was  Adna  Tenny, 
while  another  was  Captain  John  Ten- 
ney, father  of  Ulysses  Dow  Ten- 
ney. 

Captain  Adna  Tenney,  taking 
his  title  like  his  father  from  service 
in  i\\^  militia,  was  born  in  Hano- 
ver, Feb.  26.  1810,  and  represented 
his  town  in  the  legislature  in 
1853-4.  His  boyhood  and  young 
manhood  were  spent  on  the  farm 
and  he  did  not  take  a  paint  brush 
in  his  hand  until  after  his  30th 
birthday.  But  from  that  time  de- 
votion to  art  possessed  him  and  so 
continued  far  into  his  long  life, 
which  ended  at  Oberlin,  August 
17,    1900. 

In  the  fall  of  1844  we  find  him 
receiving  what  seems  to  have  been 
his  only  instruction  in  painting 
from  Francis  Alexander  of  Boston. 
His  first  patron  as  the  subject  of  a 
portrait  was  Dr.  Dixi  Crosby  of 
the  Dartmouth  Medical  College, 
followed  by  most  of  the  other 
personages  of  that  day  at  Hanover. 
Senator  John  P.  Hale,  and  Rev.  Dr. 
Nathaniel      Bouton,      famous      his- 


torian and  divine,  were  others  of 
his  early  subjects.  Contemporary 
critics  called  his  portrait  of  Gener- 
al Franklin  Pierce  very  good  and 
it  was  chosen  for  a  reproduction  in 
the  life  of  its  subject  which  Na- 
thaniel Hawthorne  wrote  to  help 
along,  the  campaign  which  resulted 
in  the  election  as  president  of  the 
only  native  of  New  Hampshire 
ever  to  hold   that  office. 

The  New  Hampshire  State  Man- 
ual of  1921  lists  26  portraits  now 
on  the  walls  of  the  capitol  build- 
ing as  the  work  of  Adna  Tenney. 
Several  of  them  are  still  among  the 
most  admired  in  the  collection. 
While  most  of  Mr.  Tenney's  paint- 
ing was  done  in  New  Hampshire 
he  also  visited  and  worked  in  Bos- 
ton, New  York  and  Baltimore.  One 
winter  before  the  Civil  War  he 
passed  in  Arkansas  and  Missis- 
sippi, painting  27  portraits  during 
his  stay  in  the  South.  Somewhat 
later  he  resided  for  a  time  in  Wi- 
nona, Minn.,  and  there  devoted 
himself  particularly  to  miniature 
painting,   in    which    he   achieved   in- 


AN  AUGUST  PICTURE 

By  Alice  Sargent  Krikorian 

How  swift  the  pictures  flash  on  Memory's  wall, 

Coming  and  going,  as  the  daylight  flies! 

On  fleeting  August,  dreamiest  of  them  all. 

Lingers  the  gaze  of  our  enchanted  eyes. 

We  catch  a  glimpse  of  asters  on  the  brink, 

Admiring  their  colors  in  the  pool, 

And  poppies,  in  their  gowns  of  red  and  pink, 

Asserting,  as  of  old,  their  right  to  rule. 

Now,  Summer,  trio'  we  beg  of  her  to  stay, 

Is  spurning  with  her  dainty  foot  the  sod, 

And  hast'ing  o'er  the  distant  hills  away. 

Her  pathway  lit  by  lamps  of  goldenrod. 

And  vanishing  too  soon, — we  know  not  where — 

Leaves  a  sweet  fragrance  on  the  misty  air. 


3*4 J 


EDITORIAL 


The  editor  and  publisher,  since 
January  1,  1919,  of"  the  Granite 
Monthly,  has  been  named  by  the 
secretary  of  state  of  New  Hamp- 
shire as  his  deputy,  and  for  that 
reason  rinds  it  necessary  to  relin- 
quish the  pleasant,  if  not  over 
profitable,  task  of  issuing  the  state 
magazine.  Tie  is  very  glad  to  an- 
nounce that  his  ownership  of  the 
Granite  Monthly  has  been  trans- 
ferred to  parties  who  have  the 
ability  and  the  disposition  to  make 
the  publication  a  greater  credit  to 
and  a  more  valuable  asset  of.  the 
state,  than  it  ever  has  been  in  the 
more  than  forty  years  of  its  hon- 
orable history.  The  change  in 
editorship  and  management  will 
take  effect  with  the  October  num- 
ber and  we  bespeak  for  the  new 
regime  a  continuance  of   that   friend- 


ly support  and  co-operation  on  the 
part  of  the  contributors,  subscribers 
and  advertising  patrons  which 
have,  made  possible  the  regular 
issue  of  the  Granite  Monthly  dur- 
ing the  past  three  years  and  eight 
months. 

On  the  eve  of  finally  covering  the 
editorial  typewriter  and  balancing 
for  the  last  time  the  publishers' 
books,  our  heart  is  cheered  by  find- 
ing in  the.  mail  a  check  for  two 
years'  advance  subscription  bearing 
the  signature  of  the  head  of  one  of 
the  greatest  industrial  enterprises 
in  this  country,  a  distinguished 
native  of  New  Hampshire,  who  thus 
manifests  his  belief  that  his  old 
home  state  should  have  a  magazine 
of  its  own  and  that  the  Granite 
Monthly  is  enough  of  a  success  in 
that  direction  to  merit  his  support. 


RAGGED  MOUNTAIN 

By  M.  White   Saucer 

Where  majesty  of  hill  is  wide,  God  wrought 
With  skyward  fling,  as  eagle's  wingcloud  sought. 

Deepening  in  blue  with  mist  to  distant  glance. 
Her  outline  purely  shows  as  shadows  dance. 

'Ragged ;  Whose  woods  wind  sung  and  piney  sweet 
Recall  each  year  the  friends  who  love  to  meet. 

Where  mountain  brook  sings  silver  clear,  God's  rill 
Through  cooling  nook  His  anthem  praises  fill 

Water  music,  trills  true,  snow  white  in  sun 

Green  rimmed  in  fern,  with  straying  wild  root  run. 

'Ragged;  where  unspoiled  Nature  gives  to  man 
A  loftier  view,  to  glimpse  her  spiritual  plan. 


3Hi 


BOOKS  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  INTEREST 


During  the  years  of  his  active 
life.  Captain  Richard  W.  Musgrove 
of  Bristol,  soldier,  editor,  historian 
and  legislator,  who  was  born  Nov., 
1,  1840,  and  died  Feb.  19.  1914.  was 
one  of  New  Hampshire's  useful, 
honored  and  influential  citizens ; 
a  man  of  main-  friends  and  true 
civic  spirit ;  and  last,  but  not  least. 
the  father  of  six  talented  children, 
one  of  whom,  Miss  Mary  D.  Mus- 
grove. has  worthily  continued, 
since  her  father's  death,  his  valua- 
ble work  as  editor  and  publisher  of 
the  Bristol  Enterprise,  one. of  New 
Hampshire's  best   weekly  newspapers. 

An  interesting  feature  of  the 
Enterprise  in  recent  years  has  been 
the  serial  publication  of  Captain 
Musgrove's  Autobiography.  Those 
who  enjoyed  reading  it  in  the  news- 
paper will  be  glad  to  know  that 
Miss  Musgrove  now  has  issued  it 
in  handsome  book  form  with  an 
excellent  frontispiece  portrait  of  her 
father ;  making  a  volume  which 
should  be  in  every  library  in  the 
state  and  which  will  have  a  strong 
appeal  to  every  one  who  appreci- 
ates the  value  of  first-hand  histori- 
cal testimony  given  by  a  keen  ob- 
server, a  just  chronicler  and 
a  writer  of  simple,  direct  and  most 
engaging  style. 

So  charming  are  Captain  Mus- 
grove's recollections  of  his  boyhood 


and  school  days  that  one  notes  with 
regret  how  small  a  part  of  the  book 
as  a  whole  they  make  :  but  the  inter- 
est they  inspire  is  held  without 
diminution  by  the  succeeding  chap- 
ters in  which  the  author  paints  vivid 
pictures  of  the  splendid  service 
which  the  12th  New  Hampshire 
Regiment  rendered  at  Chancellors- 
ville,  Gettysburg  and  the  other 
famous  names  that  are  inscribed  on 
its    battle    flag. 

At  the  close  of  the  civil  war  Cap- 
tain Musgrove  accepted  a  commis- 
sion in  the  regular  army  and  served 
for  a  time  on  the  western  frontier, 
so  that  the  closing  chapters  of  his 
atobiography  contain  stories  which 
will  delight  all  boys  of  what- 
ever age  about  lighting  Indians, 
hunting  buffalo,  etc.  « 

Those  of  us  who  know  how  sane 
?-nd  helpful  was  his  outlook  upon 
life,  how  well  he  judged  men  and 
measures,  would  have  rejoiced  had 
he  continued  his  self-record  to  cover 
the  period  of  his  public  service  in 
his  home  state. 

But  we  are  glad  of  the  book  as 
it  is  and  feel  that  public  thanks 
are  due  to  Miss  Musgrove  for  thus 
honoring  the  memory  of  her  father 
and  at  the  same  time  making  a 
valuable  addition  to  the  library  of 
New  Hampshire  history  and  biog- 
raphy. 


sh<t 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  NECROLOGY 


HARRIET    L.    HUNTRESS. 

Miss  Harriet  Lane  Huntress,  one  or 
New  Hampshire's  best  known  women 
and  most  useful  public  servants,  died  at 
her  home  in  Concord,  July  31..  She  was 
born  Nov.  30,  1.8.60,  in  that  part  of  Mere- 
dith which  is  now  Center  Harbor,  the 
daughter  of  James  L.  and  Harriet  Page 
(Perkins)  Huntress,  her  father  being  the 
proprietor  of  the  Senter  House,  a  fa- 
mous summer  resort  on  Lake  Winnipe- 
saukee.  Miss  Huntress  was  educated  in 
Massachusetts  schools,  but  from  1879 
resided  in  Concord,  where  in  1889  she 
began  a  connection  with  the  state  de- 
partment of  public  instruction  which 
continued  unbroken  until  her  death.  She 
gave  most  valuable  assistance  to  six 
state  superintendents  and  was  herself 
from   1913   a  deputy   state   superintendent. 


Ladies'  Association,  whose  work  she 
most  ably  represented  in  New  Hamp- 
shire. 


MARY    C.   ROLOFSON. 

Mrs.  Mary  Currier  Rolofson,  remem- 
bered by  many  readers  of  the  Granite 
Monthly  as  a  former  contributor  to  its 
pages,  died  in  Powell.  Wyoming,  July 
11.  She  was  born  at  Wentworth,  May 
24,  1869.  the  daughter  of  Lorenzo 
and  Josephine  C.  Currer,  and  attended 
St.  Johnsbury  Academy,  Smith  College 
and  Wesleyan  University.  She  was  the 
author  of  three  books  of  poems.  In 
1907  she  married  Warren  T.  Rolofson, 
bv    whom    she    is    survived. 


I 


I 


:  £ 


The   late    Mrss    Harriet    L.    Huntress. 

In  recognition  of  her  services  to  the 
cause  of  education  New  Hampshire  Col- 
lege in  1920  conferred  upon  her  the 
honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 
Miss  Huntress  was  an  active  worker  in 
the  New  Hampshire  Equal  Suffrage  As- 
sociation, a  faithful  supporter  of  the 
Unitarian  church  and  a  member  of  the 
Concord  Woman's  Club,  Country  Club, 
Beaver  Meadow  Golf  Club.  Woman's 
City  Club  of  Boston,  New  Hampshire 
Historical  Society,  Capital  Grange,  Rum- 
ford  Chapter,  Daughters  of  the  Ameri- 
can   Revolution,    and    the    Mount   Vernon 


REV.  LUTHER   F.   McKINNEY 

Rev.  Luther  F.  MeKinney,  former 
congressman  from  New  Hampshire, 
died  in  P.ridgton,  Me.,  Jul}'  30.  He 
was  born  in  Newark,  Ohio,  April  25, 
1841.  and  served  in  the  Civil  War.  At 
its  close  he  studied  for  the  ministry  at 
St.  Lawrence  University  and  held 
Universalist  pastorates  in  Maine  and  New 
Hampshire.  While  thus  located  at  Man- 
chester he  was  four  times  the  Demo- 
cratic candidate  for  Congress  and  twice 
successful,  in  1886  and  1890.  _  In  1892 
he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
governor  of  the  state  and  in  1893  was  ap- 
pointed by  President  Cleveland  as 
United  States  minister  to  Columbia, 
serving  four  years  in  that  capacity. 
Upon  his  return  to  this  country  he 
preached  for  a  time  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
but  for  a  number  of  years  had  been 
located  in  Bridgton,  the  scene  of  his 
first  pastorate,  where  he  engaged  in  trade 
with  his  son.  He  continued  his  poli- 
tical activity  there,  serving  in  the  state 
legislature  and  as  a  congressional  candi- 
date. He  was  prominent  in  Odd  Fellow- 
ship and  the  G.  A.  R.  and  was  for  some 
years  chaplain  of  the  First  Regiment, 
N.  H.  N.  G.  Mr  MeKinney  was  an  able 
and  popular  preacher  and  a  strong  and 
forceful   political    speaker. 


CHARLES   R.    MILLER 

Charles  Ransom  Miller,  one  of 
America's  leading  editors,  was  born  in 
Hanover,  Jan.  17,  1849,  the  son  of  Elijah 
T.  and  Chastina  (Hoyt)  Miller,  and  died 
in  New  York  City,  July  18.     LTpon  grad- 


346  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

nation  from  Dartmouth  College  in  1872  fined  on  hrm  in  lc>0?  by  Dartmouth  Col- 
he  began  newspaper  work  upon  the  lege  and  in  19T5  he  received  the  degree 
Sprngfteld,  (Mass.)  Republican  and  oi  doctor  of  literature  from  Columbia 
there  continued  for  three  years,  then  university.  In  February,  1919.  the 
joining  the  staff  of  the  New  York  Times.  French  government  bestowed  the  dec- 
The  remainder  of  his  life  was  devoted  oration  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  upon 
to  the  Times  and  from  1SS5  he  had  been  him  and  the  Belgian  government  deco- 
its  editor-in-chief.  He  was  also  the  sec-  rated  him  with  the  Order  of  Leopold. 
ond  largest  stockholder  in  the  corporation  He  was  a  member  of  the  Century,  M<jr- 
owning  the  paper  and  was  its  first  vice-  ropolitan  and  Piping  Rock  Clubs  of  New- 
president  and  a   member  of   the   board  of  York    City. 

directors.     He     was     likewise     a     director  Mr.    Miller    was    recognized    as    one    of 

of   the    Tidewater    Paper    Company.  the    ablest    and    best     informed     editorial 

He    married    Miss    Frances    Daniels    of  writers   in   the   world   and   especially    dur- 

Plainneld,   October   10,    1876,   who  died  in  ing    the    late    War    his     leaders      in      the 

1906.     A   son   and   daughter.   Hoyt    Miller  Times    attracted    wide    and    respectful    at- 

and    Miss    Madge     Miller,     survive     him.  tention. 
The   degree    of   doctor   of   laws    was   con- 


DREAMS 

By   Lilian   Sue   Keech 


When   nights  has    fallen,   and   the  hour   is   late. 
The  dreams  come  stealing  through  the  garden  gate. 
Past  crimson  roses,  heavy  with  the  dew, 
White  lillies,  passion  flowers  of  purple  hue. 

Upon  his  grassy  couch,  the  old  dog  stirs, 

As  close  beside  him,  a  dream  partridge  whirs. 

The  shadowy  forms  flit  through  the  fast  closed  doors, 

And  noiseless  run  upon  the  polished  floors. 

Along  the  wall,  the  horseman  spurs  his  steed, 
And  ancient  warriors  drink  their  mug  of  mead. 
The  fairy  dreams  dance  in  the  children's  room, 
And  dreadful  nightmares,  in  the  background  loom. 

But  in  the  chamber,  where  the  dead  doth  lie, 
Dreams  may  not  enter,  not  with  smile  nor  sigh. 
Upon  the  quiet  form,  the  pale  moon  gleams, 
The  walls  are  empty,  there  are  no  more  dreams. 


'3*7 


ON  THE  ROAD  FROM  GORMIGY 

(The  ancient  highway  betwen  Rome  and  Belgium). 

By  Mary  E.  Hough 

On  the  road   from  Cormicy 
Leading  down  to  Rheims, 
Rows  of  poplars  edge  the  way 
Yellow-green  as  in  the  spring 
When  young  leaves  were  blossoming. 
Sepal  flowers  of  May! 
Yet  mid-summer's  burning  sun 
Sheds  its  hottest  rays  upon 
The  road  that  leads  to  Rheims. 

Other  trees  stand  gaunt  and  bare, 

Lifting  naked  arms  in  air, 

Or  there  are  no  trees, — 

Only  stumps  and  riven  trunks 

In  a  jangle  of  barb-wire, 

Scrolled  against  the  horizon's  tdg^ 

Like  a  blackened   frieze. 

These  have  stood  the  test  of  war. 
They  have  kept  the  Roman  way — 
The  ancient  road  through  France. 
What  care  they  for  hot  grenade 
Crackling  in  the  withered  grass, 
Kindled  by  the  sun's  fierce  rays 
Into   smoking  gas? 
They  are  vestals  of  the  shade. 

*  *  *  * 

And  the  rows  of  poplar  trees 
Leading  down   from  Cormicy, 
Yellow-green  as  in  the  spring 
When  young  leaves  were  blossoming, 
Are  a  happy  prophecy 
Of  undying  Rheims ! 

Cormicy,  France,  July  11,   1921. 


3  HS 


HIS  LITTLE  FLOCK  ARE  WE. 

By  Elias  H:  CJicticy 

Immamiel,  our   Solid   Rock 

Hath   christened   us   his   Little    Flock.     - 
He  knows  his  flock:  each  sheep  by  name: 
Its  tiniest   lamb  knows   Him,   the  same. 
Fear  not,  he  saith,  my  lambkins :  I 
Am  your  Good  Shepherd,  always  nigh. 
Your  Father's  pleasure  good  it  is, 
To  give  to  you  the  Kingdom  his, 
Wherein  the   strife   and   tumult   cease. 
And  all  is  harmony  and  peace. 
Kingdom  of  God,  enthroned  on  High; 
Ours,  now :  ours  when  we  cleave  the  sky. 
Fie  bids  us  first  his  Kingdom  choose : 
All   things   he'll   add !    O   wondrous    News ! 
All   things !   supply  our  every  need  ; 
By  waters  still  lead  us  to   feed. 
Our    Father's    Kingdom—  for    our    sakes — 
Equally  ours  and  his  he  makes ; 
E'en  as  the  bridegroom  to  his  bride 
Gives  all :  and  they  walk  side  by  side. 
All  this  our  leather's  pleasure  good ! 
Earth  never  saw  such  Fatherhood. 
Well  pleased  my  Father  thus  to  give; 
Well  pleased  I   for  his  Kingdom  live. 


.  ■•  !    iS.\"f     A 


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GRANITE   MONTHLY   COMPANY 
•  CONCORD,  N.  H. 


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Chester1  s  World  War  Memorial 
Unveiled  August  28,   1922. 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


r 


Vol.  LI\ 


OCTOBER,    1)22 


No.   10. 


CHESTER'S  BICENTENNIAL 


From   the     twenty-seventh     to   the 

twenty-ninth  of  August  the  Town  of 
Chester  celebrated  its  two  hundredth 
anniversary.  Tireless  in  their  pre- 
parations and  apt  in  running  the  in- 
tricate program  smoothly,  the  com- 
mittees unfortunately  had  to  con- 
tend with  rain  on  Sunday  and  Mon- 
day the  first  two  days,  hut  in  spite 
of  all  it  was  a  celebration  worth}-  in 
every  way  the  town  and  the  occasion 
and  on  the  final  day  the  sunshine 
atoned  for  the  previous  dampness. 

Chester  is  a  town  of  rare  beauty 
and  no  little  historic  interest.  The 
beauty,  perhaps  not  enhanced  for  the 
celebration,  was  at  least  brightened 
by  the  elaborate  decorations  from 
end  to  end  of  the  Street.  Historic 
houses  were  simply  and  appropriate- 
ly marked,  so  that  he  who  ran  an 
automobile  might  in  passing  recog- 
nize the  house  of  Lord  Timothy 
Dexter  and  know  that  the  Inn  was 
built  in  1761.  Scores  of  places  were 
thus  marked  and  fuller  /information 
regarding  them  included  in  the  of- 
ficial program.  This  valuable  work 
was  done  by  the  Committee  on  Pub- 
licity, whose  chairman  was  Miss  Isa- 
bclle  H.  Fitz. 

In  the  Stevens  Memorial  Hall  was 
an  excellent  exhibition  of  interior 
antiques,  supplemented  exteriorly  by 
the  rows  of  fine,  colonial  houses  which 
line  the  long,  tree-bordered  Street. 
As  one  admired  the  fine  taste  which 
guided  the  hands  of  the  designer  and 
artisan  of  ancient  days,  one  did 
homage  as  well  to  the  sense  of  beauty 
and  fitness  which  led  the  settlers  of 
the  eighteenth  century  to  choose  for 
their  village  that  slow-sloping  hill, 
with  its  charming  vistas  of  wood  and 
mountain. 

The   celebration      began      with    the 


church  services  on  Sunday  morning, 
which  filled  both  churches  to  capacity. 
The  Congregational  Church  is  near- 
ly as  old  as  the  town,  having  been  or- 
ganized in  1730  or  earlier,  although 
the  building  in  which  it.  worships 
dates  only  from  1773.  It  is  true 
that  the  edifice  was  remodeled  quite 
beyond  recognition  in  1839,  yet  it  is 
undoubtedly  one  of  the  oldest  houses 
of  worship  in  present  use  in  the 
state.  Here  the  Reverend  Silas  N. 
Adams,  pastor  of  the  church,  extend- 
ed the  welcome,  and  the  anniversary 
sermon  was  preached  by  the  Rever- 
end Samuel  H.  Dana,  D.D.,  of  Exe- 
ter. Appropriate  music  was  furnish- 
ed by  a  quartet  and  Mrs.  Ella  A. 
Allen,  organist.  Not  least  in  inter- 
est was  an  historical  address  by  the 
Reverend  James  G.  Robertson,  now 
of  South  Strafford,  Vermont,  but 
for  twenty-six  years  pastor  of  this 
church.  The  music  was  under  the  di- 
rection of  YYaletr  I.  Martin,  hymns 
of  the  eighteenth  century  being  used. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  is  more 
youth  fid,  only  a  little  over  a  century 
old,  yet  deemed  ancient  enough  to 
bear  a  worthy  share  in  the  observ- 
ances. At  this  church  the  pastor,  the 
Reverend  Mary  E.  Morse,  gave  the 
welcome.  Two  former  pastors  con- 
tributed to  the  program,  the  Rever- 
end Bernard  Christopher  of  Hamp- 
ton making  remarks  and  the  Rever- 
end Thomas  J.  Cate  of  Meredith 
preaching  ,the  sermon.  There  were 
also  remarks  by  the  Reverend  Ches- 
ter j.  Wilcomb  of  Riverside,  Cali- 
fornia, who  united  with  this  church 
over  thirty  years  ago.  All  three  of 
these  ministers  were  ordained  in  this 
church.  The  music  was  by  the  choir 
and   Mrs.   Myron   F.   Robie,  organist. 

A   union   mass   meeting     was   held 


352 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Sunday   afternoon   in   the  anniversary 

tent  which  was  erected  on  the  Wil- 
comb  field.  There  was  an  attend- 
ance ot  about  a  thousand.  The  Rev- 
erend Silas  N.  Adams  presided,  and 
there  was  music  by  a  chorus  of  one 
hundred  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Walter  I.  Martin.  The  speakers  in- 
cluded ihe  Reverend  Charles  I).  Ten- 
ney  of  Palo  Alto.  California;  the 
Reverend  Henry  M.  Warren  of  New 
York  City;  the"  Reverend  J.  Wallace 
Chesbro  of  Fall  River,  Massachu- 
setts; the  Reverend  Morris  W.  Morse 


rather  on  the  spur  of  the  moment, 
with  the  Highland  Band  of  Manches- 
er   and   the   Raymond   Band. 

A  simple  but  handsome  memorial 
to  those  who  served  in  the  Spanish 
and  World  Wars  was  dedicated  on 
Monday.  Those  taking  part  in  these 
exercises  were :  George  E.  Gilling- 
ham,  Chairman  of  trie  Executive 
Committee  of  the  celebration;  the 
Honorable  John  C.  Chase,  president 
of  the  day;  the  Reverend  Silas  N. 
Adams,  invocation ;  Colonel  George 
A.   Hosley.   presiding   officer ;      Albert 


Congregational  Church,  1773. 


of  Moscow,  Idaho;  the  Reverend 
Messrs.  Wilcomb,  Robertson,  Chris- 
topher and  Cate,  and  Reverend  Mary 
E.   Morse. 

Monday,  August  28,  was  designed 
to  be  the  great  day  of  the  celebra- 
tion, but  the  inclement  weather  forc- 
ed the  postponement  until  Tuesday 
of  the  general  parade  and  the  pa- 
geant. Nevertheless  Monday  was 
crowded.  Two  of  the  four  bands 
engaged  for  the  day  arrived  in  spite 
of  attempts  to  cancel  them,  so  a  short 
parade    was    picked    up    and    run    off 


F.  B.  Edwards,  Chairman  of  the 
Memorial  Committee,  who  made  the 
presentation  to  the  American  Legion 
for  dedication ;  retiring  Department 
Commander.  Robert  O.  Blood,  of 
Concord,  who  accepted  the  memorial ; 
Major  Frank  Knox  of  Manchester, 
who  gave  the  dedicatory  address ; 
Governor  Albert  O.  Brown,  who  ex- 
tended the  congratulations  of  the 
state.  A  message  from  Governor 
Cox  of  Massachusetts  was  read.  The 
exercises  were  concluded  by  three 
volleys    fired      by    American      Legion 


C  H  E  S  T  E  R  *  S    B I C  E  X  T  E  N  N  J  A  L 


353 


members  and  sounding  of  taps.  Of 
twenty-two  soldiers  sent  by  Chester 
to  the  World  War.  four  died  in 
service.  The  town  furnished  also 
one  Red  Cross  nurse. 


by  the  combined  bands.  Mr.  Hazel- 
ton  was  horn  in  Chester  ninety  years 
ago  and  was  a  representative  from 
Wisconsin  in  the  National  Legisla- 
ture  for   several   sessions.     For   many 


j     « 


L 


-  After  dinner,  provided  in  both  the 
Stevens  Memorial  Hall  and  the  tent, 
the  latter  place  was  the  setting  for 
the  anniversary  address  by  the  Hon- 
orable George  C.  Hazelton  of  Wash- 
ington, District  of  Columbia.  Mr. 
Chase  presided.       There  was     music 


years  he  practised  law  in  Washing- 
ton. He  survived  the  celebration  less 
than  a  week,  passing  away  suddenly 
at  his  Chester  summer  residence  on 
September  4.  His  last  address,  de- 
livered entirely  without  notes,  was 
considered  by  all  his  masterpiece. 


354  #       '  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

Tuesday  was  as   ideal    in      weather  marched   under  a     sunn}-   sky.       The 

as    Monday    was    forbidding:,    and    the  numerous  floats  in  beauty  or  ingenui- 

village    was      crowded      by    thousands  ty,  or  both,  all  denoted  a  thought  and 

who  came   from   far   and     near.     The  care   which      showed    how      much   the 

general  parade,  somewhat  crippled  by  citizens   of   Chester   and   her   daughter 

the    postponement    from    the.    day    be-  towns  cherish  the  memory  of  the  two 


1  *;     .  U 

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fore,  was  a  splendid  afTair  under  the  centuries  of  their  civic  life. 

direction    of    Chief    Marshal    Herbert  In   the   line   of    march    were    found 

H.  True.       From  Wilcomb   Common  town    officials    and    representatives   of 

to   the     old   brick     schoolhouse     and  the  Ancient  and   Honorable  Artillery 

back,     the      gay-colored       precession  Company,   the   Fusilier   Veterans,   the 


CHESTER'S    BICENTENNIAL 


355 


Amoskeag  Veterans,  the  Grand  Army 

of  the  Republic,  the  Women's  Relief 
Corps,  the  American  Legion.  Col. 
George  A.  Hosley  of  Chester,  chief 
of  the  National  Grand  Army,  was  in 
line.  To  make  clearer  and  more  local 
illustration  of  the  military  history  of 
the  two  hundred  years,  there  was  an 
inspiring  group  representing  the 
Revolutionary  War.  the  War  of  1812, 
the  Mexican  War,  the  Civil  War,  the 
Spanish  War,  the  World  War.  Each. 
man  wore  the  uniform  appropriate  to 
the  conflict  he  represented,  and  car- 
ried a  banner  on  which  was  inscribed 
the    number    of    men      furnished      by 


industry  were  shown  by  floats  carry- 
ing ancient  agricultural  implements 
and  by  representations  of  the  hand 
processes  of  cooperage  and  black- 
smithing.  Still  other  floats  repre- 
sented a  pioneer  cabin  in  course  of 
construction  and  the  meeting  house 
of  1773  in  rather  large  miniature.  A 
unique  feature  was  a  collection  of 
equipages  comprising  the  history  of 
travel  from  horseback  to  motor,  not 
forgetting  the  ox-cart  and  the  stage 
coach,  and  including  examples  of 
wheeled  and  runnered  vehicles  for  a 
period  of  over  a  century,  all  marked 
with    identifying      dates.       Nor    must 


gp\ 

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wMi, 

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i 

■i 

■ 

I         • 

Chester 
Chester  to  that  war.  The  range — 
from  254  in  the  Revolution  to  22  in 
the  late  war — illustrated  two  points 
in  the  history  of  Chester — her  ready 
response  to  every  patriotic  call,  and 
the  steady  decline  in  population 
wrought  not  only  by  the  omission  of 
the  railroads  to  touch  such  towns, 
but  by  the  annexation  of  large  parts 
of   Chester's   area  to  other  towns. 

History  was  further  illustrated  by 
the  contrast  between  a  tiny  "hand 
tub"  of  1842  and  modern  motor  fire 
apparatus.       The  older     methods     of 


Inn— 1761 

illustrations  of  early  customs,  pioneer 
and   native,   be   overlooked. 

The  school  children,  the  Grange, 
various  orders  and  individuals  fur- 
nished a  colorful  and  interesting 
series  of  floats.  There  were  flowers, 
there  were  "Callathumpains" ;  there 
were  Indians  and  Uncle  Sams ;  there 
were  hunters  and  hucksters.  Not 
least  in  interest  was  a  group  of  the 
oldest  inhabitants :  Elijah  Sanborn, 
103;  George  C.  Hazelton,  90;  Susan 
J.  Webster,  88;  Carlos  W.  Noyes  (a 
Civil     War     veteran),     86;     "Aunt" 


356 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Hannah  (Wilcomb)  Williams,  aged 
84;  lame?  Heath.  92;  Mark  Sanborn. 
83.  and  Cyrus  Hill,  87.  All  told 
thtvc  were  over  500  people  and.  100 
horses  in  the  line.  Nevers'  Band  of 
Concord  and  Rainey's  Cadet  Band  of 
Manchester  furnished  the  music  for 
the    parade   and    throughout    the    day. 

Other  events  of  Tuesday  were  a 
program  of  sports  for  the  younger, 
and  a  very  pleasant  reunion  of  Ches- 
ter Academy  students  for  the  older 
and  more  reminiscent.  Dinner  was 
again  served  at  the  Stevens  Memorial, 
hut  the  chief  table  event  was  the 
banquet  at  the  anniversary  tent  in  the 
early  afternoon.  Here,  the  Hon. 
John  C.  Chase  presiding,  there  was 
sneaking  by  Congressman  Sherman 
E.  Burroughs  and  others.  "Aunt" 
Hannah  Williams  recited,  and  Miss 
Isabelle  H.  Fitz  read  an  original 
poem.  Those  who  made  remarks  in- 
cluded Rev.  B.  W.  Lockhart,  D.D.. 
Louis  Bell,  Ph.D.,  Tudge  Charles  U. 
Bell.  Hon.  M.  A.  Moore.  Harris  M. 
West.  Mrs.  Annabel!  F.  Hogan,  Mrs. 
Horace  A.  Hill,  Rev.  Chester  J.  Wil- 
comb, Thomas  Rice  Varick  of  Man- 
chester, Eueene  W.  Watkins.  Rev. 
Hairv  M.  Warren.  Dr.  R.  H.  Bar- 
ker, who  sooke  for  Candia.  Letter 
was  read  from  J.  Plenry  Townsend. 
Esq..  of  New  York,  in  which  he  ten- 
dered to  the  Town  as  a  gift  his  Ches- 
ter Estate  to  be  used  as  a  home  or  for 
any  public  purpose.  The  gift  will 
doubtless  be  appreciatively  accepted 
at  the  next  town  meeting. 

In  the  evening  there  was  a  display 
of  fireworks,  followed  bv  the  histori- 
cal paeeant  written  bv  Mrs.  Mary 
Stuart  Ma^Murphy  of  Derrv.  Mrs. 
Helen  L.  Kloeber  of  Newburyport, 
Massachusetts,  was  general  director 
and  Mrs.  Walter  P.  Tenney  local  di- 
rector. Xevers'  Orchestra  of  Con- 
cord suonlied  the  musical  accompani- 
ment. The  program  included  a  pre- 
lude, five  episodes,  three  interludes 
and  a  postlude,  and  covered  the  his- 
tory of  Chester  from  the  purchase  of 
land  from  the  Indians  to  the  separa- 
tion of  Candia.   Raymond     and     Au- 


burn. The  pageant  was  splendidly 
given,  and  was  attended  by  two  thous- 
and people, 

The  committee  responsible  for  the 
planning  and  execution  of  the  cele- 
bration included :  George  E.  Gilling- 
ham.  Chairman,  Edwin  P.  Jones, 
Vice-Chairman,  John  M.  Webster. 
Treasurer,  John  C.  Ramsdell.  Those 
on  the  executive  committee  were  Rev. 
Silas  N.  Adams,  Augustus  P.  Morse, 
John  M.  Webster.  Mary  B.  Noyes, 
George  A.  Hosley,  Jennie  P.  Hazel- 
ton,  Cyrus  F.  Marston,  Eleanor  J. 
Locke,  *  Isabelle  H.  Fitz,  Martha  t. 
Learnard,  Nathan  W.  Goldsmith, 
Arthur  H.  Wilcomb,  Clarence  O. 
Morse,  George  D.  Rand.  George  S. 
West,  John  C.  Ramsdell,  William 
B.  Underhill,  Martin  Mills,  George 
E.  Gillingham,  Walter  P.  Tenney, 
John  H.  Robie,  William  T.  Owen, 
Edward  T.  Morse,  George  L.  Fitts, 
Edwin  P.  Jones,  John  D.  Fisk,  Ed- 
ward C.  Chase,  William  B.  Wason, 
Roger  P.  Edwards.  Walter  W.  Lane, 
Herber  W.  Ray,  William  C.  Hall. 
Those  on  the  committee  representing 
Manchester  were  Dana  A.  Emery, 
Thomas  R.  Varick,  William  B. 
Farmer  and  George  M.  Clark;  rep- 
resenting Candia,  John  H.  Foster, 
Carrie  A.  Richardson,  Hattie  A. 
Hubbard  and  Henry  A.  Hubbard; 
representing  Auburn.  George  E. 
Spofrord,  Edgar  L.  Preston  and 
Freeman  R.  Davis ;  representing 
Raymond.  Walter  J.  Dudley,  T.  Mor- 
rill Gould,  Edward  F.  Cram  and 
Joseph   F.    Savage. 

The  financing  of  the  celebration, 
no  small  burden,  was  cared  for  with 
great  foresight.  For  five  years  be- 
ginning with  1917  the  town  appro- 
priated $125  annually,  with  a  final 
appropriation  of  $1,000  this  year. 
The  daughter  towns  of  Raymond. 
Candia,  and  Auburn  added  generous 
contributions,  as  did  many  present 
and  former  residents.  In  this,  as  in 
other  ways,  the  Chester  folk  have 
illustrated  the  value  of  long  and 
thorough  preparation  for  an  event  of 
outstanding   importance. 


SS7 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  ON  CHESTER 


The  Town  of  Chester  was  formal- 
ly inaugurated  by  royal  charter  dated 
May  8,  1722.  This,  however,  was 
hut  by  way  of  confirmation  and  en- 
largement of  rights  granted  by  1  lie 
Governor  and  Council  as  the  result 
of  transactions  lasting  some  three 
years.  In  1719  about  one  hundred 
Hampton  and  Portsmouth  folk  peti- 
tioned for  a  grant  of  eight  miles 
square  in  the  waste  land  which  was 
then  known,  apparently  interchange- 
ably, as  "the  Chesnut  Country"  and 
Cheshire.  The  same  year,  pending 
action  on  the  petition,  a  proprietors' 
society  was  organized  to  settle1  the 
proposed  grant,  and  home  lots  were 
drawn. 

Meanwhile  a  motion  was  made  on 
the  part  of  Haverhill  folk  to  settle 
the  same  territory.  Quite  likely  they 
began  on  the  theory  that  the  land  was 
in  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts, 
but  in  any  event  they  joined  P^xeter 
parties  in  petitioning  the  New  Hamp- 
shire authorities  to  he  admitted  with 
the  first  petitioners.  At  the  same 
time  (May,  1720)  the  first  petition 
was  withdrawn  and  a  new  one  sub- 
stituted for  a  township  ten  miles 
square.  Neither  was  immediately 
acted  upon.  There  are  suggestions 
of  litigation,  but  in  June  a  com- 
promise was  apparently  effected  by 
the  first  petitioners  voluntarily  admit- 
ting as  proprietors  Samuel  Ingalls 
and  other  Haverhill  men.  This  was 
shortly  followed  by  the  granting  of 
the  substituted  petition  of  the  Hamp- 
ton society.  Already,  however,  the 
lay-out  had  been  made,  and  now  some 
fencing  was  done.  It  seems  to  have 
been  part  of  the  arrangement  that 
the  proprietors  as  a  whole  should 
make  a  road  passable  for  carts  from 
Kingston,  while  the  Haverhill  people, 
at  their  separate  charge,  should  make 
a  similar  road  from  their  town. 

Who  was  the  first  actual  settler  is 
not  known,  but  probably  it  was 
Captain    Samuel   Ingalls,       There     is 


evidence  that  he  was  a  resident  he- 
fore  the  date  of  the  charter,  and  it  is 
supposed  he  built  in  1/22.  on  the 
crest  of  Walnut  Hill,  the  first  house, 
in  Chester.  Here  was  born,  in  1723, 
his  daughter,  Mehitable,  the  first 
white  native  of  Chester.  Captain 
Ingalls  built  the  first  framed  house 
about  1732.  The  year  1723  seems 
to  have  brought  a  few  settlers,  but 
probably  no  considerable  number 
were  there  until  1727.  The  original 
settlers  located  principally  in  the 
southeasterly  corner  of  the  town, 
though  from  the  first  the-  center 
seems  to  have  been  designed  for  its 
present   location. 

Chester,  as  finally  granted,  cover- 
ed about  one  hundred  and  twenty 
square  miles,  including,  besides  the 
present  town,  Auburn,  Candia,  Ray- 
mond and  large  portions  of  Manches- 
ter and  Hooksett.  The  early  settlers 
suffered  their  share  of  the  anxieties 
which  were  common  to  all  pioneers. 
In  1724  Lieutenant  Thomas  Smith 
and  John  Karr,  while  constructing  a 
brush  fence  to  protect  their  cattle 
from  trie  Indians,  were  set  upon  by 
Joe  English  and  a  band  of  natives, 
and  captured.  Their  captors  took 
them  northward,  securing  them  at 
night  by  staking  them  to  the  roots 
of  trees  and  binding  them  with  deer 
sinews.  "'  During  the  second  night, 
while  the  Indians  slept,  they  slipped 
their  bonds,  and  on  the  evening  of 
the  third  day  found  their  way  back 
home.  Others  were  not  so  lucky. 
At  least  one,  John  Robie,  was  slain, 
and  his  son,  Ichabod,  was  captured 
but  later  escaped.  It  was  such  ex- 
periences as  these,  doubtless,  that  led 
the  town  in  1725  to  vote  to  employ 
two  soldiers  to  stand  guard  for  four 
months.  The  Wilson  Garrison  house 
now  occupied  by  Chester  P.  Hunt, 
was  built  in  1730,  and  other  garri- 
sons were  constructed  from  time  to 
time    as    occasion    required. 

Road  building  was  an   early  neces- 


358 


THE  GRANITE   MONTHLY 


sky  in  frontier  towns,  and  at  the  first 
March  meeting,  in  1725.  the  London- 
derry Road  was  laid  out.  The  first 
recorded  road  actually  built,  how- 
ever, is  the  one  to .  Haverhill,  con- 
structed  about    1730.   although   before 


January.  1720-21,  the  proprietors 
voted  that  at  the  expense  of  the 
whole  proprietary  they  would  main- 
tain a  minister  when  thirty  house- 
holders were  settled,  and  would  build 
a    meeting-house    when    fifty    families 


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that  time  doubtless  rough  ways  had 
been  built.  Mills  also  were  a  prime 
necessity,  and  one  was  built  at  Free- 
town in  Raymond,  in  1726. 

The  temper  of  the   fathers   was  of 
too  serious  a  turn  to  be  long  without 


settled      religious      instruction. 


In 


were  settled.  It  was  voted  to  hire 
a  minister  in  1728,  and  to  erect  a 
meeting-house  at  the  Center.  The 
Reverend  John  Tuck  of  Hampton 
was  called  in  1729,  but  declined,  al- 
though it  appears  that  he  preached  in 
Chester    for    fourteen    Sabbaths    that 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  ON   CHESTER 


359 


year.  The  town  then  called  the 
R  ever  end  Moses  Hale,  and  worship 
was  held  from  late  1731  under  his 
ministry  in  the  first  meeting-house, 
within  a  few  rods  of  the  present  Con- 
gregational Church.  Mr.  Hale,  hav- 
ing been  brought  under  distraction  of 
mind,  did  little  service.  He  was 
succeeded  in  1736  by  the  Reverend 
Ebenezer  Flagg.  who  was  pastor  for 
sixty  years  until  his  death  at  the  age 
of  ninety-two.  During  his  ministry, 
in  1773,  the  present  house  was  con- 
structed, and  some  sixty-five  years 
later  remodeled. 

The  Presbyterians  at  first  joined 
in  the  common  worship,  but  when 
the  church  became  disorganized  by 
the  incapacity  of  Mr.  Hale,  they 
hired  the  Reverend  John  Wilson  to 
preach  for  them,  and  stubbornly  ob- 
jected to  being  taxed  to  support 
Mr.  Flagg.  They  appealed  to  the 
Governor  and  Council  successfully, 
and  built  on  Cunningham  Lane  about 
1740,  in  which  year  the  two  parishes 
were  separated  by  legislative  act.  In 
1794  they  dedicated  a  house  at  the 
Long  Meadows.  Theological  and 
slavery  disputes  having  divided  the 
Presbyterians,  the  remnant  withdrew, 
and  in  1843  formed  the  Second  Con- 
gregational Church,  which  finally  be- 
came the  First  Church  of  Auburn. 
The  history  of  other  churches  in  the 
daughter  towns  is  omitted  here. 

The  Baptist  Society  was  organized 
in  1819,  and  built  a  house  of  worship 
in  1823.  This  society  also  became 
disorganized  about  1845,  but  was  re- 
organized and  a  new  building  erected 
in   1861. 

In  letters  the  town  has  not  been 
backward.  Before  the  charter  was 
granted  the  proprietors  voted  to  ap- 
propriate the  first  forfeited  lot  for  a 
school.  The  first  record  of  a  money 
appropriation  for  a  school  master 
was  in  1737,  though  doubtless  there 
was  instruction  before  that  date.  At 
first  the  master  travelled  from  one 
part  of  the  town  to  another,  teaching 
in  the  homes,  but  in   1744     and   1745 


"school  housen"  were  built,  probably 
three  in  number.  In  one  respect  the 
town  was  lax ;  after  there  were  one 
hundred  families  settled  the}'  declined 
to  support  a  grammar  school  accord- 
ing to  law,  whereupon  the  selectmen 
were  indicted  and   two  convicted. 

The  Social  Library  was  opened  in 
1793,  and  in  1801  an  academy  was 
built  by  public  subscription.  The 
historic  Chester  Academy  dated  from 
1854  and  had  many  noted  teachers, 
most  distinguished  of  whom  was 
Professor  John  K.  Lord.  The  town 
now  supports  a  high  school  in  the 
brick  schoolhouse. 

Chester  did  not  for  many  years 
maintain  her  vast  area.  Derryfield 
wTas  incorporated  in  1751,  its  terri- 
tory being  taken  largely  from  Ches- 
ter and  Londonderry.  Candia  was 
set  oft  in  1763  and  Raymond  two 
years  later.  Yet  Chester  retained,  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Revolution,  a 
population  of  practically  1,600,  which 
increased  to  over  2,200  in  1820. 
Then  in  1822,  a  part  of  century-old 
Chester  was  incorporated  in  Hook- 
sett,  and  in  1845  came  the  final 
diminution  by  the  set-off  of  Auburn. 
Even  so,  Chester  had  1,351  inhabi- 
tants in  1850,  since  which  time  it  has 
lost  a  little  more  than  half  in  popula- 
tion from  the  economic  trend  of  the 
times.  But  Chester  has  not  lost,  and 
will  not  soon  lose,  the  vitality  of  the 
good  blood  which  has  persisted  for 
the    two    centuries    of    her    life. 

Some  of  Chester's  families  are 
notable  beyond  the  common.  Daniel 
French  came  to  Chester  from  Deer- 
field  in  1799  and  practised  law  as  the 
successor  of  the  Honorable  Arthur 
Livermore.  who  had  just  been  elevat- 
ed to  the  bench.  Mr.  French  was  a 
distinguished  lawyer  who  served  as 
Solicitor  of  Rockingham  County  and 
Attorney  General  of  New  Hamp- 
shire. In  his  fine  residence,  built  on 
the  Street  in  1800  and  burned  in  1902. 
were  born  eleven  children,  among 
whom  were  Benjamin  Brown  French, 
a    lawver    and    clerk   of    the    National 


360 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


House  of  Representatives.  grand- 
father of  Amos  Tuck  French;  Henry 
Flagg  French,  also  a  lawyer,  first 
president  of  the  Massachusetts  Agri- 
cultural College,  and  father  of 
Daniel  Chester  French,  of  YV.  M. 
Henry  French  Hollis  and  Allen 
Mollis.  Another  of  the  eleven  chil- 
dren was  Airs.  Helen  French  Coch- 
rane, well  known  as  a  writer.  Both 
Benjamin  B.  and  Henry  F.  French 
married  daughters  of  William  M. 
Richardson,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su- 
perior Court   from   1816  to   1838.  and 


pave  Chester  Street  if  the  town 
would  call  it  Dexter  Street.  Wheth- 
er the  change  of  name  appealed  to 
the  citizens  as  undemocratic  or  the 
paving' as  unnecessary,  does  not  ap- 
pear. In  any  event  they  rejected  the 
proposition  with  substantial  unanimi- 
ty. Dexter  lived  in  Chester  but  a 
short  time,  then  returned  to  New- 
buryport,  which  was  the  scene  of  his 
most   memorable   eccentricities. 

Leaving  eccentrics,  and  coming 
back  to  a  family  which  left  a  lasting 
impression,    one   must     not     overlook 


^?^'-v 


■ 


i 


Daniel  French   House 


owner  from  1819  of  the  house  for- 
merly the  property  of  Benjamin 
Brown,  father  of  President  Francis 
Brown  of  Dartmouth  College  and  of 
Benjamin  B.  French's  mother.  This 
house  is  now  owned  by  Amos  Tuck 
French. 

Adjoining  the  Richardson  house  is 
another  historic  place,  which  Mr. 
French  also  owns.  It  was  built  in 
1787,  a  year  before  the  Richardson 
house,  and  was' bought  in  1796  by 
Lord  Timothy  Dexter.  This  curi- 
ous  man    two    vears    later    offered   to 


the  Bells  one  of  New  Hampshire's 
best  strains.  Their  immigrant  ances- 
tor came  from  Ireland  to  London- 
derry in  1719.  Three  of  his  grand- 
sons, Jonathan,  John  and  Samuel, 
lived  in  Chester.  Jonathan  was  a 
trader.  John  also  was  a  trader  and 
acquired  a  considerable  fortune.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council  from  1817  to  1823,  then 
Sheriff  of  Rockingham  County,  and 
in  1828  was  elected  Governor.  His 
oldest  daughter  married  the  Rever- 
end   Doctor      Nathaniel      Bouton     of 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  ON   CHESTER 


361 


Concord,  the  second  married  the 
Honorable  John  Nesmith  of  Lowell, 
Massachusetts.  Other  children,  with 
the  exception  of  Charles  H.  Bell, 
died  at  an  early  age,  though  several 
of  them  survived  long  enough  to 
show  promise  oi  worthy  careers. 
Charles  H.  Bell  was  a  successful  law- 
yer who  practised  in  Chester.  Som- 
ersworth  and  Exeter,  served  a  few 
months   as      United      States      Senator 


1823  to  1835.  His  son,  Samuel  Da- 
na Bell,  also  practised  law  in  Chester, 
was  Representative.  County  Solicitor. 
Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  Justice  and  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Superior  Court,  and  commissioner 
to  revise  the  statutes  in  1830,  1842 
and  1867.  Two  of  his  sons,  John 
James  and  Samuel  N.,  were  well 
known  lawyers,  and  the  latter  was  a 
member    of    Congress    from    1871    to 


P 


sgsw 


Lord  Timothy  Dexter  House 


and    was    Governor    of    New    Hamp- 
shire  from   1881   to    1883. 

Samuel  Bell  was  a  Dartmouth 
graduate  and  a  lawyer,  and  came  to 
Chester  in  1812.  His  political  ca- 
reer had  already  taken  him  into  both 
branches  of  the  legislature,  and  he 
had  been  presiding  officer  of  both. 
He  was  a  Justice  of  the  Superior 
Court  from  1816  to  1819,  Governor 
of  New  Hampshire  from  1819  to 
1823,     United     States     Senator    from 


1873  and  from  1875  to  1877. 

Another  son  of  Governor  Samuel 
Bell  was  John,  a  professor  of  an- 
atomy at  the  University  of  Vermont. 
Still  another,  James,  was  a  lawyer  and 
United  States  .Senator.  A  fourth, 
Luther  V.,  was  superintendent  of  the 
McLean  Asylum  and  a  surgeon  in 
the  Civil  War,  during  which  he  died. 
A  fifth.,  George,  was  a  lawyer  and 
served  in  the  Civil  War.  John  Bell 
and  Charles  Bell  were  the  sixth  and 


3b2  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

seventh  sons.  Both  were  practising  than  20  years  a  Justice  of  the  Massa- 
physicians.  and  the  former  served  as  chusetts  Superior  Court,  is  another 
a  surgeon  in  the  Civil  War.  The  prominent  living  representative  of 
youngest  son.  Louis,  was  a  lawyer,  this  great  family. 
and  was  Colonel  of  the  Fourth  New  Chester,  however,  does  not  live  sole- 
Hampshire  Volunteers.  He  was  ly  in  her  past.  She  is  still  blessed 
killed  at  Fort  Fisher  in  1865.  His  wiih  a  citizenry  of  the  substantial  old 
son.  Dr.  Louis  Bell,  is  a  well  known  stock,  awake  to  the  modern  life  of 
electrical  engineer.  Charles  Up-  the  world. 
ham  Bell,   son   of    James,      for     more 


MY  CHESTER! 

(For  the  Two  Hundredth  Anniversary) 
By  Isabella  H.  Fits. 

My'  Chester,  oh  my  Chester ! 

The  town  that  gave  me  birth;; 
What  memories  cluster   round  thy   name ! 

The  deraest  spot  on  earth. 
No  maples  wear  such  Autumn  tints 

As   those  that   line  our   Street; 
No  sunset  glows  with  deeper  rose, 

No  birds  sing  halt  so  sweet. 

My   Chester,   oh  my  Chester! 

In  seventeeen  twenty-two. 
Men  came   from   far  to  call  thee  "home," 

Brave,  loyal,  staunch  and  true; 
They  plied  the  axe.  they  drove  the  plow, 

But  scorning  England's  thrall, 
They  signed  "The  Test,"  to  give  their  best, 

Their  lives,  their  gold,  their  all. 

Peace  brought  us  honors : 

Where   legislators   wait, 
Came  none  more  skilled  or  learned  or  wise 

Throughout  our  Granite  State; 
For  Richardson,  and  French,  and  Bell 

Were  names  that  won  renown. 
And  Washington   claimed   many   a   son 

From  that  dear,  honored  town. 

Once   more   the   war   cloud   threatened, — 

With  Sumter's  booming  gun, 
They  sprang  to  arms,  to  say  with  might, 

"This   nation   shall  be   one !" 
At  Gettysburg,  at  Petersburg, 

Our  gallant  boys  were  found, — 
And  women  wept,   for  husbands  slept 

On  many   a   battle   ground. 


HISTORICAL  NOTES  ON  CHESTER 


363 


Then  came  the  Titan  conflict 

Whose  war  shock  rent  the  world; 
All  life  was  in  the  maelstrom. 

Where   blood-stained    waters    swirled 
They  went,- -our  lads   of   promise, 

Quite  unafraid  were  they 
To  dare  the  curse,  ay,  even  worse, 

Of  Teutons'  tyrant  sway. 

I  see  thee  stiil,  my  Chester! 

Though  through  a  mist  of  tears; 
Thy  people  hrave,  unfaltering, 

Throughout  those  bygone  years ; 
Thy  daughters  sweet,  and  fair,  and  true, 

And    strong   in    freedom's    light, 
Thy  sons,  no  less,   for  righteousness, 

For  justice,  truth  and  right. 

God   keep  thee  pure,  my  Chester ! 

From  soil  or  stain  of  sin; 
That    selfishness    and   greed   and    hate 

May  never  enter  in ; 
But  with  a   name  untarnished, 

As  in  the  days  of  yore, 
Till  as  a  scroll  the  heavens  roll, 

And  time  endures  no  more. 


fflj-ii.,::  •.,.      .     ' 

'.  "^ 

-                                 U ■        ■. 

1 

..; 

- 

-rv-     , 

Milestone,    1775 


c?6V 


WHO  PLANTED  NEW  HAMPSHIRE? 

B\>  Charles  Thornton  Libby 


(We  arc  indebted  to  Mr.  Libby,  law- 
yer and  antiquarian,  of  Portland.  Maine, 
ior  permission  to  publish  his  address,  as 
President  of  the  Society  of  Piscataqua 
Pioneers,  at  the  observance  on  August 
10,  1°22.  at  Portsmouth,  of  the  three 
hundredth  anniversary  of  the  patent  to 
Gorges  and  .Mason.  Mr.  Libby  writes 
that  tins  paper  includes  the  results  of 
his  investigations  oi  the  Hilton  family 
in  England,  and  also  sums  up  the  con- 
clusions of  all  former  investigators, 
making  tin's  paper,  in  his  belief,  "the 
most  up-to-date  summary-  of  this  much 
abused  subject/'  We  welcome  so  valu- 
able an  addition  to  the  discussion  of 
New  Hampshire's  beginnings  which  the 
been      featuring," 


magazine 


ts    recent!  v 


and  invite  further  contributions  on  the 
subject.  The  obscurity  of  the  early  davs 
from  1623  to  1630  calls  for  untiring  and 
critical     investigation. — Editor.) 

In  behalf  of  the  members  of  the 
Society  of  Piscataqua  Pioneers,  it 
gives  me  pleasure  to  return  thanks  for 
the  welcome  so  kindly  accorded  us  by 
the  mayor  of  Strawberry  Bank.  If 
Sir  Ferdinando,  at  some  moment  of 
his  long  life  of  struggle  and  disap- 
pointment, could  have  looked  forward 
and  seen  the  Honorable  Ferdinando 
doing  his  part  in  a  three-hundredth 
anniversary  as  mayor  of  this  fine 
city,  his  "face  must  have  brightened 
with  the  happy  thought  that  his  labors 
had  not  been  in  vain. 

Portsmouth  has  always  been  an 
interesting  place  to  visit,  ever  since 
the  new  comers  at  Little  Harbor  first 
found  the  strawberries  up  the  river ; 
and  for  us,  whose  forefathers,  living 
on  one  or  another  of  the  branches  of 
this  river,  had  to  come  to  "the 
Bank"  in  order  to  know  they  were 
living,  once  in  so  often,  It  is  doubly 
pleasant. 

It  has  been  said  that  the  patent  of 
the  Province  of  Maine,  Aug.  10, 
1622.  granting  ail  between  the  Merri- 
mac  and  the  Kennebec,  was  of  minor 
consequence  because  nothing  was  done 
under  it.  Rather  may  we  regard  it 
as  the  foundation,  both  in  legal  oper- 
ation and  in  actual  carryings  on,  of  all 
that  came  after. 


By  the  terms  of  this  grant,  which 
we  celebrate  today,  Sir  Ferdinando 
and  Captain  Mason  bound  themselves 
under  £100  penalty  to  settle  one 
colony  with  a  competent  guard  and  at 
least,  ten  families  within  three  years. 
We  must  believe  they  did  it.  They  two 
were  the  efficient  colonizers  of  New 
England.  They  squandered  both 
their  own  wealth  and  the  wealth 
of  others,  but  they  achieved.  Having 
agreed  to  settle  ten  families,  they  did 
it.  Here  was  the  founding  of  this 
State,  and  of  Maine  this  side  of  the 
Kennebec. 

It  is  true  that  the  Plymouth  Com- 
pany .in  1622  deeded  this  land  where 
we  now  are  to  Gorges  and  Mason, 
and  in  1623  deeded  it  to  Mr.  David 
Thomson,  and  in  1629  deeded  it  to 
Captain  Mason,  and  in  1631  deeded  it 
to  the  Laconia  Company,  and  in  1635 
gave  a  999  years'  lease  of  it  to  Sir 
John  Wollaston,  all  covering  the  same 
land.  But  in  dealing  with  these  old 
patents  we  must  bear  three  things 
constantly  in  mind,  or  we  shall  trip 
ourselves  up.  For  one  thing,  the  cor- 
poration called  "the  Council  estab- 
lished at  Plymouth  in  the  County  of 
Devon  for  the  planting  and  ordering 
of  New  England,"  was  only  another 
name  for  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  and 
Capt.  John  Mason.  Second,  when 
Sir  Ferdinando  and  Capt.  Mason 
gave  deeds  of  parts  of  their  land, 
they  did  it  in  the  name  of  the  cor- 
poration. Third,  the  deeds  they  gave 
were  really  only  options,  conditioned 
on  making  actual  settlements.  When 
the  conditions  were  not  performed, 
the  lands  reverted  to  Gorges  & 
Mason. 

Wollaston's  deed  back  to  Capt. 
Mason  openly  explains  the  lease, 
"which  said  indenture  was  made  unto 
the  said  John  Wollaston  by  and  with 
the  consent  of  the  said  Captain  John 
Mason."  Instead  of  Capt.  Mason 
giving  the  lease  himself,  he  gave  it  in 
the  name  of  the  Council.     The  grant 


WHO  PLANTED  NEW  HAMPSHIRE? 


365 


to  Mason  in  1629  is  explained  by 
the  lawyers  of  Mr.  Mason's  grand- 
son, "being  a  division  of  the  lands 
formerly  granted  unto  Sir  Ferdinando 
Gorges  and  John  .Mason."  Instead 
of  Sir  Ferdinando  and  Capt.  Mason 
giving  deeds  to  each  other  to  divide 
their  lands,  they  issued  new  grants 
to  themselves  in  the  name  of  the 
Council. 

Mr.  David  Thomson,  the  first 
planter  of  Xew  Hampshire,  was  not 
what  the  historian,  Hubbard,  said  he 
was  "the  agent  of  Georges  and 
Mason."  Nor  did  he  receive  a 
conflicting  grant  of  lands  already 
granted  to  them.  His  deed,  al- 
though in  the  name  of  the  Council, 
was  really  from  them.  Some  his- 
torians have  failed  to  understand 
how  he  received  a  grant  of  6,000 
acres  already  granted  to  them,  or  why 
he  did  not  hold  it  afterwards. 
These  two  questions  answer  each 
other  if  permitted  to  do  so.  Sir 
Ferdinando  Gorges  and  Capt. 
John  Mason  in  effect  deeded  to  Air. 
David  Thomson  six  thousand  acres 
of  the  best  of  their  lands  on  condi- 
tions which  he  failed  to  fulfill ;  and 
so  the  lands  reverted  to  them. 

As  the  patent  to  Mr.  Thomson 
is  lo.st,  we  cannot  know  exactly 
what  the  conditions  they  put  into 
it  were,  but  we  may  be  sure  that 
the)  covered  the  undertaking  for 
which  they  themselves  were  under 
bond,  to  settle  in  this  wilderness  a 
sufficient  guard  and  ten  families. 
\\  e  have  from  Air.  Samuel  Ma- 
verick, who  came  to  Massachusetts 
in  1624,  some  years  before  the  Bos- 
ton colony  started  the  Year  One 
of  New  England,  as  they  reckoned 
it,  and  who  soon  married  Mr. 
Thomson's  young  widow,  a  graph- 
ic account  of  what  was  done: 

Strawberry  Bank,  the  Great  House 
and   Isle    of  Shoals. 

Within  2  myles  of  the  mouth 
is  Strawberry  Bank  where  are 
many   families,   and   a    minister 


and    a    meeting    house,    and    to 
the    meeting    houses    of    Dover 
and    Exeter    most    of    the    peo- 
ple     resort.     This      Strawberry 
Bank      is   part     of     6,000  acres 
granted    by    patent    about      the 
year      1620    or      1621    to      Mr. 
David     Thompson,     who     with 
the   assistance   of   Air.   Nicholas 
Sherwill,     Mr.  Leonard     Pomery 
and    Air.    Abraham    Colmer    of 
Plymouth,       merchants,       went 
over   with    a    considerable   com- 
pany   of    servants,    and    built   a 
strong  and   large   house,   enclosed 
it   with   a    large   and   high    Pali- 
zado   and      mounted   gunns,     and 
being      stored      extraordinarily 
with  shot  and  ammunition,  was 
a    terror    to    the    Indians,    who 
at     that     time     were     insulting 
over    the    poor,    weak    and    un- 
furnished planters  of  Plymouth. 
This  house  and  fort  he  built  on 
a  point  of  land  at  the  very  en- 
trance of  Piscataqua  River  and 
having    granted    by    patent    all 
the    islands    bordering    on    this 
land  to  the  middle  of  the  river, 
he  took  possession  of  an  island 
commonly      called      the      Great 
Island,    and    for   the   bounds   of 
this  land   he  went  up  the  river 
to  a  point  called  Bloodyr  Point, 
and   by   the   seaside   about   four 
miles.     He    also    had    powrer   of 
government     within      his    own 
bounds.     Notwithstanding      all 
tli is,    all    is   at    this    day   in    the 
power    and    at    the    disposal    of 
the    Alassachusetts. 
So  here  we  see  what  method  Sir 
Ferdinando   and   Capt.   Mason   took 
to  fulfill  their  bond  to  the  Council. 
Mr.        Thomson,      a      cultured      and 
traveled      gentleman,     lwhom      Sir 
Ferdinando    had    employed    in    (dif- 
ficult    negotiations     with     high    of- 
ficials,  was   to   do   it  for   them,  and 
for  this  service  to  have  6,000  acres 
on    one    side    of   the    river.     To   get 
the  necessary  capital,  he  contracted 
with   three   Plymouth   merchants  to 


. 


• 


366 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


run  the  plantation  .five  years,  and 
then  turn  over  to  them  three- 
fourths  of  the.  improved  land  and 
three-fourths  of  the  profits.  After 
three  years  effort,  he  saw  fit  to 
remove  to  Massachusetts  Bay, 
where  lie  could  have  all  his  im- 
proved lands  and  all  of  his  profits. 
Whether  he  settled  all  the  ten 
families  within  three  years  from 
August  10,  1622,  or  whether  Gorges 
and  Mason  had  to  come  forward 
to  finish  the  task,  we  do  not  know. 

Let  us  remember  that  we  know 
very  little  about  this  dark  period 
when  the  Province  of  Maine  covered 
Maine  and  New  Hampshire  both.  Ex- 
cept Air.  Thomson  and  the  Hiltons, 
and  perhaps  -Mr.  Ambrose  Gibbins, 
we  have  not  one  name  to  associate 
with  this  period.  The  arrival  of  the 
Warwick,  when  our  written  history 
begins,  was  not  until  the  summer  of 
1630. 

They  have  in  Boston,  not  in  its 
legal  custody,  a  sheet  of  paper 
written  on  both  sides,  a  separate 
document  on  either  side,  and  both 
certified  by  Eli^ha  Cooke,  clerk  of 
courts.  On  one  side  is  a  copy  of 
the  inventory  of  the  Laconia  Com- 
pany goods,  July,  1635,  attested  by 
Mr.  Chamberlain,  Secretary  of  this 
Province  in  1683,  when  the  case  of 
Mason  versus  Waldron  was  tried, 
and  this  is  of  unquestionable 
genuineness. 

On  the  other  side  is  the  list  of 
people,  "sent  by  John  Mason, 
Esquire,"  winding  up,  "Eight 
Danes,  Twenty-Two  Women."  If 
this  list  was  offered  in  'court  !in 
1683,  it  was  rejected  as  spurious. 
Both  from  external  and  internal 
evidence,  it  seems  a  fraudulent  pro- 
duction. Probably  it  was  made  up 
to  use  in  the  suit  against 
Humphrey  Spencer  in  1704,  as  there 
is  a  check  mark  in  the  margin  op- 
.posite  Thomas  Spencer's  name,  and 
Elisha  Cooke  was  not  appointed  clerk 
of  courts  until  1702.  The  list  omits 
names  of  some  who  we  know  were 


sent  over  by  Capt.  Mason,  as 
Thomas  Crockett ;  and  inserts 
names  of  -young  men  who  were 
children  or  unborn  at  the  time  of 
Capt.  Mason's  death,  as  the  two 
younger  Chadbournes,  Thomas 
Fernald,  Jeremy  Walford  *  and  in- 
cludes the  names  of  men  who  we 
know  were  not  sent  over  by  him,  as 
William  Seavey,  who  came  on  a  fish- 
ing trip  to  the  Isles  of  Shoals,  John 
Symonds,  sent  over  by  Trelawny 
to  Richmond's  Island,  Francis 
Norton  and  Sampson  Lane,  who 
came  after  the  Captain's  death,  and 
others.  The  name  printed  as  Henry 
Baldwin  is  not  that  name  in  the 
Boston  list ;  evidently  Clerk  Cooke 
could  not  read  it,  but  from  his  imi- 
tation of  the  writing,  I  judge  it  was 
Odiorne.  No  Henry  Odiorne  is 
known  to  have  been  here,  which  is 
true  of  other  names  in  the  list, 
which  may  have  been  invented  at 
the  same  time  as  the  Wheelwright 
deed,  in  the  desperate  resolve  to 
protect  the  community  from  the 
loss  of  their  homes,  with  various 
names  inserted  that  might  help  dif- 
ferent ones  to  claim  their  lands 
as  descendants  of  Captain  Mason's 
servants.  Thomas  .Crockett's  des- 
cendants were  living  on  Kittery  side, 
but  as  they  claimed  no  lands  on 
Portsmouth  side,  there  was  thus  no 
occasion  to  include  his  name. 

So  our  certain  knowledge  after 
the  arrival  of  the  Warwick  is  none 
too  full,  yet  luminous  when  com- 
pared with  the  unwritten  period 
preceeding,  although  the  Isles  of 
Shoals  and  the  Piscataqua  were  the 
principal  ports  in  New  England 
in  that  period.  If  the  settlement 
had  been  abandoned,  Governor 
Bradford  would  surely  have  re- 
corded the  fact.  On  the  contrary, 
in  1628  Piscataqua  contributed  as 
much  as  Plymouth  to  the  expense 
of  banishing  Morton,  who  was 
selling  firearms  to  the  Indians. 
There  must  have  been  many  peo- 
ple here,  besides  hundreds  of  trail- 


WHO  PLANTED  NEW  HAMPSHIRE? 


367 


sients  here  and   at  the  Shoals.;   but 
we   ask   in   vain    who   they   were. 

li  Mr.  Gibbins  came  over  early 
he  went  '  back,  as  he  came  on  the 
Warwick.  Hubbard  says  the  Hil- 
ton s  were  here,  that  they  came  with 
Thomson.  Hubbard,  who  certain- 
ly was  mistaken  in  part,  seems  to 
have  gotten  his  information  from 
young  William  Hilton,  a  boy  not 
six  years  old  when  3*1  r.  Thomson 
came  over.  In  young  Hilton's  pe- 
tition to  the  General  Court  in  the 
year  1660,  to  confirm  lands  given 
his  father  and  himself  by  the  In- 
dians,   he    said: 

"Whereas   your   petitioner's   fa- 
ther,     William      Hilton,      came 
over    into    New    England    about 
the  year  Anno      Dom.    1621    and 
your  petitioner  came  about  one- 
year  and  a  half  after,  and  in  a 
little      time      following    settled 
ourseh  es     upon     the     River    of 
Pischatag     with      Mr.        Edward 
Hilton,  who  were  the  first  Eng- 
lish  planters   there." 
This   reads   as    though    Mr.    Hub- 
bard   accepted    Hilton's    story    and 
recorded    it    as    history,    merely    in- 
serting David  Thomson's  name  with 
the    Hiltons.        Mr.    Hubbard,    who 
was  the  minister  at  Ipswich,  was  a 
few    years    younger  /than    William 
Hilton,    Jr.,    who    was    baptized    at 
Witton       church.,      in       Northwich, 
Cheshire,    June   22,    1617.     Hilton's 
two    wives    belonged    to    prominent 
families   of    Newbury   and    Charles- 
town.        Mr.    Hubbard    must    have 
been      well     acquainted     with    both 
families.     William    Hilton,  Jr.,   was 
a  ship-master,  and   had  had  a  book 
of   soundings   or   charts  printed   be- 
fore  Mr.   Hubbard   got  up   the  map 
of    New   England    for   his   history   of 
King    Philip's    War.        About    Ply- 
mouth,  as    well    as    the    Piscataqua, 
Mr.  Hubbard  seems  to  have  gotten 
information  from  Hilton.     He  says, 
what     no    one    else     does,    that   the 
first  complaint  dgainst  Mr.   Lyford. 
who     was     brought     over  "  by    Mr. 


Wins-low  in  1624,  to  be  minister  at 
Plymouth,  was  over  baptizing  a 
child  of  Mr.  Hilton's,  although  not 
a  member  of  their  church.  Hub- 
bard's History  shows  familiar 
knowledge  of  the  Hiltons  as  ac- 
curate as  a  little  boy  might  remem- 
ber and   tell   things  to  a   friend. 

Certainly  William  Hilton  did  not 
come  over  with  Thomson.  lie 
came  to  Plymouth  in  1621,  and  was 
there  with  his  family  in  1624.  It 
seems  doubtful  whether  Edward 
Hilton  did.  although  from  April  9, 
1621,  when  he  came  out  of  his  ap- 
prenticeship in  the  Fishmongers' 
Company  of  London,  until  1628, 
when  he  contributed  to  keep  fire- 
arms away  from  the  Indians,  we 
have  as  yet  no  knowledge  of  his 
movements.  But  there  is  contem- 
porary evidence  that  some  Bristol 
merchants  joined  with  him  to  set- 
tle his  colon}',  and  a  young  fellow 
just  out  of  his  apprenticeship  must 
be  allowed  sufficient  time  in  which 
to  perfect  such  important  connec- 
tions, even  if  aided  by  Sir  Ferdi- 
nando.  If  Edward  Hilton  was  one 
of  Mr.  Thomson's  first  company.. 
it  seems  that  he  must  have  gone 
back. 

At  any  rate,  if  here  early  in 
1624,  he  was  with  Thomson  at  Lit- 
tle Harbor,  and  had  not  yet  made 
his  settlement  up  the  river.  Capt. 
Christopher  Levett  in  1628  printed 
a  book  on  his  voyage  of  1623-4. 
fie  stopped  a  month  with  Air. 
Thomson  at  Little  Harbor.  While 
there  he  "discovered"  the  Piscata- 
qua river  and  an  Indian  who  came 
down  the  river  told  him  that  up 
the  river  was  much  good  land.  In 
this  .season  of  tercentenary  good 
cheer,  we  all  wish  to  work  our 
believers  overtime  if  necessary  to 
keep  everybody  happy,  but  we  must 
be  equipped  with  believers  as  big 
as  bushel  baskets  to  believe  that 
that  Indian  told  Capt.  Levett  that 
there  were  good  lands  up  the  river 
without  telling  him  also  that  there 


368  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

were    Englishmen    living    on    them,  next   year  we     can   all   join     in   ceie- 

if  there  had   been   such.  brating  the   founding  of   New  Hamp- 

So  in  1922  we  can  all  join  in  eel-  shire  ;    and    at    later    periods    as    we 

ebrating   the   three   hundredth  anni-  may    learn    the    facts,    different    lo- 

versary  of  the  granting  of  the  char-  cahties  can  celebrate,  in  a  series  of 

ter    under    which    New    Hampshire  tercentenaries,   all    in   our   turn,   and 

and      Maine      were    colonized;    and  begrudging    none. 

SAILS 

By  Alice  Leigh 

The  sea  must  miss  the  bellowing  sails, 
That  frolicked  and  tossed  in  the  roaring  gales ; 
That  lazily  flapped  and  the  yard-arms  beat, 
On  the  sun-baked  days  in  the  doldrums',  heat — 

The  sails  that  swayed  to  the  chanties'  charms, 
Or  furled  to  the  sailors'  straining  arms ; 

Or  stood   so  tall   against  the  blue 

As  around  the  masts  the  sea  gulls  flew. 

The  steamship's  path  is  an  esplanade. 
And   she  travels  it   free  and  unafraid  ; 

But  the  whim  of  the  wind  led  the  bending  sails 

Into    reckless,    wandering,   gypsy   trails. 

The  curling  smoke   from  the  engine's  fire 
Has  lighted  the  sailing  vessel's  pyre; 

But  the  steamer  shall  ever  an  alien  be 

To  wind  and  sails  and  the  tossing  sea. 


THE  COLOR  OF  HAPPINESS 

By  Louise  Patterson   Guyol 

It  is  the  color  of  the  sun 

Sifting  through   apple-trees   in  bloom. 
It  is  a  subtle  color  spun 

By  rain  upon  a  silver  loom. 

It  holds  the  tint  of   April  skies 

Cupping  a  honey-colored  moon, 

And  pulsing   wings  of   butterflies 

Adrift  across   the   summer   noon. 

It  is  the  tender  opal   shade 

Of  hopes  untold  and  dreams  unborn, 
It  is  as  bright  as  carven  jade; 

Whiter  than  dew  on  tasseled  corn. 

Changing  and  glowing,  jewel- fair, 

Happiness  floats  on  rainbow  wings, 

For  Happiness  is  all  things  rare, 
All   beautiful,   all  lovely   things. 


Si^ 


NOTTINGHAM'S  200th  ANNIVERSARY 


£?v  R&.  Her  old  II.  Xilcs 


Certainly  a  town  which  furnished 
four  generals  tor  the  Revolutionary 
War,  besides  rendering  other  dis- 
tinguished service  to  the  State  and 
the  Nation,  has  a  right  to  celebrate 
its  two  hundredth  anniversary.  Such 
a  town  is  Nottingham,  New  Hamp- 
shire. 

On  the  twentieth  and  twenty-first 
days  of  August,  this  beautiful  and 
historic  town  commemorated  its  two 
hundredth  birthday  with  suitable  and 
appropriate  exercises  under  the  direc- 
tion of  a  committee,  appointed  at  the 
last  Town  Meeting  and  consistng  of 
Charles  Chesley,  chairman ;  Thomas 
E.  Fernald.  Treasurer;  Mrs.  Fred 
Fernald,  Mrs.  John  Harvey  and  Mr. 
1.  A.  Colby. 

The  celebration  began  with  a  huge 
bonfire  on  Nottingham  Square  on 
Saturday  evening.  This  fire,  to  the 
students  of  history,  was  a  symbol  of 
those  beacon-fires  which  '.  once  blazed 
on  the  hill-top  of  New  "  Hampshire 
summoning  the  men  and  women  of 
the  Granite.  State  to  patriotic  duty. 

On  Sunday,  morning  a  religous 
service  was  held  in  the  Unversalist 
church,  which  was  packed  to  the  doors 
with  a  congregation  which  assembled 
for    miles    around. 

Music  was  ably  rendered  by  a 
choir  _  from  Northwood  consisitng  of 
Mrs.  Clarence  Sanborn,  soprano ; 
Mrs.  Tilton.  alto;  Mr.  Daniel  Miner, 
bass;  Mr.  Raymond  Bickford,  tenor; 
and  Mrs.  Raymond  Bickford,  or- 
ganist. .  . 

The  service  of  worship  was  in 
charge  of  Rev.  Harold  H.  Nil'es  of 
Concord,  Chaplain  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Legislature,  assisted  by 
the  Reverends  Alien  Brown  of  Rum- 
ford,  Maine,  I.  D.  Morrison  of  Not- 
tingham, and  Mr.  Goodwin  of  North- 
wood. 

In  the  evening  a  community  sing 
was  held  at  the  home  of  Dr.  and  Mrs. 


Frederick  'Fernald  at  Nottingham 
Square. 

Monday  morning  dawned  bright 
and  fair.  A  large  crowd  of  people 
estimated  from  three  to  five  thousand 
people,  gathered  to  assist  the  towns- 
people in  carrying  out  the  day's  pro- 
gram, which  began  with  music  by 
Nevers*  Band  of  Concord,  following 
which  Nottingham  defeated  North- 
wood  at  baseball  by  a  score  of  10  to 
9.  After  a  basket  picnic  there  was  an 
address  by  Governor  Albert  O. 
Brown,  and  more  music  by  the  band. 

In  the  afternoon  was  given  the  his- 
torical pageant,  at  the  foot  of  Long 
Hill.  Before  describing  it,  a  brief 
historical  note  should  be  quoted 
from  the  program. 

The  town  of  Nottingham  was 
founded  by  royal  charter  on  May  8, 
1722.  The  petitioners  for  the  char- 
ter resided  in  Boston  and  Newbury, 
Massachusetts,  and  in  New  Hamp- 
shire from  Exeter  and  Portsmouth. 
The  development  of  the  town  was 
hampered  by  Indian  troubles  till  the 
conclusion  of  the  French  wars.  Then 
followed  a  continued  growth,  a  cen- 
sus in  1775  showing  999  inhabitants 
including    sixteen    slaves. 

During  the  Revolution  no  town  of 
its  size  rendered  more  cordial  or  ef- 
ficient service.  Nottingham  fur- 
nished three  colonels  and  one  captain 
who  later  became  Major  Generals  in 
the  New  Hampshire  Militia,  Joseph 
Cilley,  Thomas  Bartlett,  Henry  Dear- 
born and  Henry  Butler.  It  is  stated 
that  Captain  Dearborn  marched  with 
sixty  minute  men  from  Nottingham 
Square  to  Bunker  Hill  in  twelve 
hours,  on  April  20,  1775.  In  the 
War  of  1812  the  town  was  also  ably 
represented  by  Colonel  Joseph  Cilley 
who  served  first  as  ensign  and  later 
as  brevet  captain.  In  the  Civil  War 
and  in  the  World  War  the  town  also 
played  its  patriotic  part. 


370 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Nottingham  was  situated  on  the 
stage  route  between  Portsmouth  and 
Concord,  winch  aided  its  prosperity, 
but  the  introduction  of  the  railroad, 
the  development  of  the  fertile,  lands 
of  the  Great  West  and,  to  some  ex- 


portrayal  of  the  history  of  the  town. 
The  program  is  here  given: 
Prologue,   Mrs.   Arthur   Mc Daniels. 
EPISODE   I. 

The  Coming  of  the  First  Settlers 


■ 

m 
i  p 


,  i 


y    t 


.  ■ 


mm 


To  Nottingham's  Four  Generals 


tent,  the  effects  of  the  Civil  War, 
have  altered  local  conditions  and  left 
the  delightful  quiet  town  as  we  know 
it  to-day. 

The  pageant,  written  and  directed 
by  Miss  Grace  Wright  of  Boston, 
was   well   rendered   and   gave  a   vivid 


The  signers  of  the  original  charter 
of  Nottingham  were  apparently  given 
grants  for  services  rendered  to  the 
crown.  The  tract  of  land  petitioned 
for  was  to  be  called  New  Boston 
and  it  does  not  appear  why  this  name 
was    not   given    it    in    the   charter    in- 


NOTTINGHAM'S  200TH    AN XI VERSA RY 


371 


stead  of  Nottingham.  Among  the 
early  settlers  was  Joseph  Cilley  who 
built  a  log  cabin  on  Rattlesnake  Hill 
about  1727.  lie  brought  with  him  all 
his  worldly  effects  on  one  pack  horse. 
The  early  settlers  laid  out  a  compact 
village  with  great  exactness  on  the 
beautiful  elevation  later  known  as  the 
Square.  Here  were  the  church, 
school  house  and  stores.  The  peti- 
tioners asked  for  a  tract  of  land  ten 
miles  square.  The  boundaries  estab- 
lished were  such  that  the  settlement 
at  the  Square  was  far  to  the  south  of 
the  center  of  the  township  and  this 
remoteness  resulted  in  the  separation 
of  those  tracts  which  later  became 
Northwood  and  Deerfield. 

CAST 

Joseph    Cilley   and  Wife 

Mr.  and  Mrs.   Harry  D.  Cilley 

Benjamin    Butler   and    Wife 

Dr.    Fred   Fernald,    Miss    Elizabeth    Fer- 

NALD 

Sam cel   Bartlett  and  Wife    

Mr.  and  Mrs.  1.  A.  Colby 

Paul    Gerrish    and    Wife    

Mr.  and   Mrs.   Charles   Jones 

1  obert   Harvey   and  Wife    

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph   Glover 

Abner   Clouch    George  Carmicheal 

Indians  and   others. 

EPISODE  II 
Indian  Massacre 

During  the  early  French  and  Indian 
wars  Nottingham  was  an  outpost 
town  and  was  constantly  in  danger  of 
Indian  raids.  The  Longfellow  block 
house  was  established  in  what  is  now 
Deerfield  and  another  near  the  Square. 
Great  anxiety  prevailed  and  large 
numbers  of  settlers  removed  from  the 
town.  Clearing  and  tilling  of  the  soil 
was  nearly  abandoned  for  a  time. 
Some  help  was  received  from  the  pro- 
vincial government,  and  rangers  trav- 
elled the  forests  between  Chester  and 
Rochester.  Most  of  the  settlers  lived 
at  the  Garrison  house,  but  in  spite  of 
all  precautions  Robert  Beard,  John 
Folsom  and  Mistress  Simpson  were 
surprised  and  massacred  while  at  work 
at  their  homes. 

A  small  band  of  Indians  lived  near 


North  River  Pond.     The  chief  named 
Swansen  was  disposed  to  be   friendly 
to  the  settlers  but  seemed  to  he  unable 
to  restrain   his  braves. 
CAST 

Robert    Beard    Brainerd   Mears 

John    Folsom    Rev.    H.    H.    Niles 

Mistress  Beard  ...Mrs.  Harry  P.  Gilley 

Mistress    Folsom  ...  .Mrs.   Joseph    Glover 

Ranger,    Guards.    Indians    and    Settlers. 

EPISODE  III 

Witchcraft    Period 

Nottingham   shared  to  some  extent 

the  prevalent  superstition  of  the  early 

times,   and   various   stories     ,are     still 

handed   down      regarding  those   days. 

No     account  appears,     however,     that 

those    suspected    of    witchcraft    were 

ever  persecuted  or  driven  away. 

CAST 

Madame  Rowlin   Mrs.  Fred  Fernald 

Old  Let   Mrs.  Margarite  Davis 

Mistress  Sawyer  ...Mrs.  Edith  Gerrish 
Madame  Goodfellow,  Miss  Vienna  Smith 
Mrs.   Hopkins    ...Mrs.  Alice  Batchedler 

Mistress  Peck   

Miss   Elizabeth   Batch-elder 

Young    Let    Mrs.   Fred  Gove 

Pev.   Goodhue    Mr.  Frank   Smith 

Joel     Frederic    Fernald 

LIired  Man   Joseph  Colby 

Children. 

EPISODE  IV 

Revolutionary  Period 
The  unrest  of  this  period  was  keen- 
ly felt  in  the  lower  towns  of  New 
Hampshire  and  the  taverns  were  the 
scenes  of  many  discussions  regard- 
ing the  oppression  of  the  crown  and 
the  unjust  taxation.  The  settlers 
of  Nottingham  were  ardent  patriots 
and  were  represented  hy  Cilley,  Dear- 
born and  others  in  the  raid  on  Fort 
William  and  Mary  which  resulted  in 
the  capture  of  powder  and  other 
munitions.  This  plunder  was  brought 
to  Durham  by  General  Sullivan  and 
later  sent  to  surrounding  towns  for 
safe  keeping.  A  part  was  secreted 
in  Nottingham  subject  to  General 
Sullivan's  orders.  Previous  to  this, 
militia  had  been  organized  and  drill- 
ed by  Dearborn  and  when  the  call  to 
action   came   they   left   their   tools   in 


372 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


the    fields,      hastily    forming      for      a  of    the    highway      bridge      at    Dover 

forced    march   to    Bunker   Hill   where  Point  the  route  was  changed  to  what 

many  of   them  were  in  action.  is  known  as  the  turnpike  in  the  North 

TAVERN  SCENE  Si(le' 

CA^T 

Landlord  Butler   ....Mr.  George  Wiggin  '    '"' 

Thomas    Bartlett    .  uov.   Wentworth    Dr.  Fred   hERNALD 

Mr."  Arthur  McDaniels  Lady   Went  worth.  .Mrs.   Frank   Ferxald 

Tory   Trowbridge    . .'. .". . .  .Mr.   Fred  Gove      Mrs-    Thomas    Bartlett    

Madame   Butler    Millie   Smith  „                A                 _  Miss   Ada    Perkins 

And    Settlers  Mistress  Arvilla   .airs.  Harry'  D.  Cilley 

Call,  ta  Anil's  Benjamin   True    ..Mr.   Harry   D.    Cilley 

Cart.  Dearborn   .' Mr.  Charles  Jones      Driver  of   Stage  Coach 

Messenger    Mr.    Dudley    Leavitt  Mr.  Andrew  Stevens 

Spinners,    Soldiers    and    Settlers  Parson,    Fisherman,    Maids.    Coachmen    and 

Sending   Away    the    Powder  Footmen. 


■ 


- 


i 


Historic  Cilley  House 


Major   Thomas   Bartlett    

Mr.  Arthur  McDaniels 

Col.    Joseph    Cilley    

Mr.  Bradbury  Batchelder 
Messrs.   Hilton   and  Kendel 
Mr.    Elmer   Holmes     and     Mr.    Charles 
Chesley 
Horsemen,    Guards   and    Settlers 

EPISODE  V 
Stage  Coach  Days 
During  the  Colonial  days  Notting- 
ham was  on  the  direct  stage  coach 
line  between  Portsmouth  and  Con- 
cord and  its  taverns  flourished  as  it 
was  a  favorite  stopping  place.  The 
early  route  led  through  the  Square 
and   Deerheld     but  with   the  opening 


EPISODE  VI 

Singing  School,  a  Favorite 
Pastime 

Presented  by  the  people  of  Decrfield 

EPISODE  VII 

Virginia  Reel 

Representing   the   amusements   of  the 

times 

Typical   characters 

EPISODE  VIII 
Civil  War  Period 
While   slaves   were   owned   in    Not- 
tingham in  colonial   days,   that  condi- 


NOTTINGHAM'S  200TH    ANNIVERSARY 


373 


tion  had  long  past  and  the'  people 
were  strong;  abolitionists  and  ably 
supported  the   cause   of   the  Union. 

Cast 
Muster    Drill      presented      by      the 
Northwood      Post    of    the      American 
Legion  ■  and   others. 

EPISODE  TX 
Cobbler's   Dance 

Following  the  Civil  War  the  mak- 


~l 


Another  View  of  the  Monument. 

ing  of  shoes  was  a  considerable  in- 
dusry.  Every  home  had  its  cob- 
bler's shop. 

Cast 

Cobbler    Da  niel    Miner 

Assisted    by    Children. 


EPISODE    X 

Past  and  Present 

Lady   Notting ham    

Mrs.   Clarence  Lawton 

Attendants.    Mothers,    Sons    and    concluding 
pageant    procession. 

Indians — Chief  Swa>isen,  Mr.  Andrew 
J.  Avers  ;  Braves,  Leavitt  Harvey.  Leon 
Dame,  John  DeMerritt,  Harry  Parker, 
Tom  Stevens,  Perry  Harvey,  Wesley 
Harvey,    Elmer    Parker. 

Spinners,  Miss  Vienna  Smith,  Miss 
Elizabeth  Eernald,  Mrs.  Fred  Fernald, 
Mrs.  George  Wiggin,  Mrs.  Wesley  Har- 
vey. Mrs.  Charles  Jones,  Mrs.  Joseph 
Glover,    Mrs.    Margarite   Davis. 

Soldiers,  Clarence  H.  Lawton,  T.  E. 
Fernald,  Mr.  Perley  Batch  elder,  Fred 
Gove,  Mr.  Geo.  Wiggin,  Charles  Case, 
Joseph  Glover,  Mr.  Wesley  Harvey. 
Harry    Parker,    Elmer   Parker. 

Fisher  -en  and  Maids,  Dudley  Leavitt, 
George  Carmicheal,  Leavitt  Harvey, 
Lionel  Harvey,  Dora  Carmicheal,  Eliz- 
abeth Batchelder,  Millie  Smith,  Jose- 
phine  Fernald. 

OTHERS  TAKING  PART  IN 
PAGEANT 


Miss  Hazel  Watson 
Mrs.   L.   L.   Callan 
Miss    Ila    Harvey 
Allen   Harvey 
Mrs.    John    Harvey 
Miss  Maria  Kelsey 


John    Foss 

Miss    Mary    Ide 

Clarence    Lawton 

T.    E.    Fernald 

Perle  y    B  atc  h  elder 

Mrs.  George  Wiggin 

Mrs.  Wesley  Harvey  Charles    Kelsey 

Andrew    D.  Stevens     Henry    Gove 

Thomas    Stevens         Willis    Fernald 

Mrs.   Charles   Case     Harrison    Chesley 

Mrs.   H.   H.    Niles      Edward   Foss 

Mansfield  Johnson 
Solo  Dancer  ..  Miss  Janet  Simmons 
f  Those  who  attended  this  celebra- 
tion have  as  their  reward,  as  Lieut. 
Col.  John  Van  Schaick  described  his 
visit    to    Nottingham    Square : — 

"Pictures  of  the  pine  woods,  the 
oaks  and  maples,  the  well-tilled  fields, 
the  great  Xew  England  farmhouses, 
the  little  country  churches,  with  old 
friendships  renewed,  new  friendships 
made ;  with  that  keenest  of  joys  which 
the  lover  of  history  has,  in  running 
suddenly  upon  beautiful  and  historic 
things,  and  with  lasting  memories  of 
a  people  who  seem  worthy  to  be  the 
children   of    such   heroic    fathers." 


371 


NEW  ENGLAND'S  INDUSTRIAL  FUTURE 

By  Fob  erf  P,  Bass. 


(It  will  he  the  policy  of  the  magazine 
to  encourage  discussions  such  as  those 
recently  begun  by  Dr.  Hodsdon  and 
Mr;  Upbam  as  to  present-day  New 
Hampshire  problems.  Approach  from 
varying  angles  is  desirable,  so  we.  repub- 
lish here  an  article,  recently  written  by 
ex-Governor  Bass  for  the  Peterborough 
Transcript.  We  have  promise  of  at  least 
one  other  paper  by  another  author  for 
an    early    issue. — Editor.) 

Numerous  articles  have  recently 
appeared  in  the  newspapers  and 
periodicals  published  in  New  Hamp- 
shire and  in  other  New  England 
states  discussing  the  future  of  New7 
England   industrial   development. 

Many  of  these  have  undertaken  to 
point  out  the  dangers  which'  threaten 
the  continued  prosperity  of  various 
industries  in  New  England.  Among 
those  most  frequently  mentioned,  are 
first,  the  high  cost  of  coal,  which  is 
the  motive  power  used  in  most  of  our 
industries.  Second,  the  handicap 
under  which  our  manufacturers  labor, 
in  importing  their  raw  materials  from 
a  long  distance  and  exporting  those 
manufactured  goods  which  they  sell 
outside  of  New  England.  In  this  con- 
nection, it  is  pointed  out  that  the 
center  of  population  in  the  United 
States  is  moving  steadily  westward, 
and  that  it  has  now  reached  the  State 
of  Indiana.  Conseqently,  New  Eng- 
land products  have  further  to  travel 
before  they  reach  their  ultimate 
consumer. 

Other  obstacles  to  industrial  pros- 
perity frequently  mentioned,  are  high 
taxation  and  high  wages. 

It  has  seemed  to  me  that  there  is 
much  food  for  sober  thought  in  these 
suggestions.  They  raise  questions 
vital  to  the  continued  prosperity  of 
many  of  those  industries  which  have 
been  the  chief  source  of  the  wealth 
and  growth  of  New  England,  and 
which  have  provided  employment  for 
an  increasing  part  of  the  people  who 
live  in  these  States.  There  are  few 
questions   which  more  vitally  or  per- 


manently affect  the  continued  pros- 
perity and  development  of  this  sec- 
tion of  the  Country. 

In  reading  these  various  articles, 
1  have  been  surprised  at  the  absence 
of  certa in  constructive  remedies  which 
1  believe  would  be  of  material  assist- 
ance in  successfully  meeting  this 
critical    business    situation. 

One  of  the  chief  burdens  which 
New  England  manufacturers  now 
have  to  contend  with  is  the  high  cost 
of  coal.  It  is  unfortunate  that  we  are 
so  far  removed  from  the  deposits  of 
coal,  oil  and  gas.  On  the  other  hand 
nature  has  favored  us  with  a  sub- 
stantial amount  of  water  power. 
Much  of  this  power  is  still  undevel- 
oped and  going  to  waste,  while  our 
industries  are  staggering  under  the 
burden  of  their  coal  bills.  It  would 
seem  that  one  of  the  first  steps  neces- 
sary to  meet  new  conditions  is  to 
hasten  the  development  of  these  water 
powers,  and  to  do  this  in  a  way  which 
will  most  benefit  our  industries  and 
the  public.  New  Hampshire,  in  par- 
ticular, has  undeveloped  water  power. 
Some  of  those  which  have  been  de- 
veloped are  of  little  benefit  to  our  in- 
dustries, for  a  large  part  of  the  power 
is  now  transmitted  beyond  this  State 
and  used  in  the  operation  of  indus- 
tries  elsewhere. 

The  creation  of  storage  reservoirs 
near  the  sources  of  our  larger  streams 
would  increase  the  minimum  flow  for 
all  those  powers  already  developed 
on  such  streams.  This  would  dimin- 
ish or  eliminate  the  need  for  auxiliary 
steam  power  now  so  commonly  used 
during  regular  periods  of  low  water. 
It  would  be  necessary  for  the  State 
to  take  the  initiative  in  this  matter  in 
order  to  apportion  the  charges  to  the 
various  industries  ^  which  would  be  so 
largely  benefited  by  the  new  power  so 
provided.  The  extent  of  the  public 
benefit  which  would  be  derived 
through  the  conservation  of  the  wrater 


NEW  ENGLAND'S  INDUSTRIAL  FUTURE 


375 


which  now  goes  to  waste,  can  he 
realized  when  we  consider  that  every 
cubic  foot  of  water  which  was  there- 
by  released   during     periods     of   low 

water  would  increase  the  amount  of 
power  generated  at  every  plant  on 
the  stream.  The  cost  of  large  stor- 
are  reservoirs,  which  would  be  pro- 
hibitive for  any  one  plant,  would  be- 
come very  moderate  if  distributed 
among  all  those  who  made  use.  of  the 
water   on   the   stream. 

This  is  a  matter  in  which  the  State 
should  take  immediate  action.  The 
valuable  information  made  available 
through  Col.  Leighton's  recent  report 
showing  the  extent  and  location  of 
our  water  powers,  could  well  be  used 
as  a  basis  for  the  formulation  of  a 
State  policy  which  would  encourage 
their  development  for  the  use  of  New 
Hampshire  industries.  We  might 
even  find  that  they  could  be  used  to 
reduce  the  cost  of  railroad  transpor- 
tation. Such  a  policy  should  have 
as  one  of  its  chief  purposes  the  pro- 
tection of  the  public  and  business  in- 
terests by  preventing  monopoly  and 
exorbitant  rates  for  hydro-electric 
power.  it  would  be  disastrous  for 
New  England  if  the  water  power 
were  exploited  for  the  private  gain 
of  a  few,  as  the  coal  mines  now  seem 
to  be. 

Bringing  raw  material  for  our  man- 
ufacturers to  New  England  is  one  of 
the  heavy  burdens  now  hampering 
our  industries.  There  are  two  lines 
of  action  which  will  clearly  help  to 
overcome  this  obstacle.  First,  to 
develop  and  increase  the  supply  of 
such  raw  materials  which  we  ourselves 
produce.  In  New  Hampshire,  the 
most  important  raw  material  at  our 
command  is  to  be  derived  from  out- 
forests.  At  present,  we  are  not  only 
rapidly  exhausting  the  supply  of  this 
valuable  raw  material,  but  much 
timber  which  is  now  cut  in  this  State 
is  being  shipped  beyond  our  borders, 
to  be  manufactured  elsewhere  into  a 
finished  product.  Furthermore,  much 
of  our  soft  timber  is  beimr  cut  before 


it  is  mature.  Little  is  being  done  to 
insure  a  continuous  supply  of  lumber 
fur  New  Hampshire.  .A  recent  sur- 
vey of  the  State  made  by  the  Federal 
Government,  shows  that  we  have  over 
two  million  acres  of  waste  land  which 
is  at  present  producing  little  or  nothing 
of  value,  and  which  might  easily  be 
made  the  source  of  a  large  revenue  to 
the  State,  and  of  a  continuous  supply 
of  a  valuable  raw  material  which 
could  profitably  give  employment  to 
a  large  number  of  people  in  New 
Hampshire,  were  it  manufactured 
here  into  finished  products. 

We  sorely  need  a  far-sighted  and 
advanced  State  policy  in  regard  to  our 
forests.  One  of  the  first  steps  in  this 
direction  lies  in  the  adoption  of  a  new 
method  of  taxing  growing  timber. 
Under  our  present  tax  system,  no  one 
can  afford  to  own  and  raise  a  crop  of 
growing  trees.  The  owner  of  young 
growth  has  a  continual  outlay  to 
meet  tax  requirements.  Each  year 
he  must  pay  a  tax  on  the  full  value 
of  his  growing  timber,  and  gets  no  in- 
come for  something  like  fifty  years.  A 
single  stand  of  mature  timber  is  re- 
quired to  pay  taxes  forty  or  fifty 
times  over  before  the  crop  matures. 
This  is  one  reason  why  so  much  land, 
well  adapted  to  growing  trees,  is  to- 
day,   lying  unproductive   in   our   state. 

Under  a  far-sighted  and  progressive 
State  policy,  we  could  easily  produce 
a  continuous  supply  of  timber  which 
would  place-  this  industry  at  least  in 
a  position  to  compete  successfully 
with  any  other  section  of  the  United 
States.  This  is  the  kind  of  construc- 
tive action,  which  will  insure  the  con- 
tinued growth  and  prosperity  of  at 
least  one  important  New  England  in- 
dustry. 

New  England  railroads  should  be 
owned  by  New  England  people,  and 
developed  in  their  interests.  There  is 
now  much  talk  of  consolidating  great 
railway  systems.  We  should  not  al- 
low our  arteries  of  commerce  to  be- 
come mere  adjuncts  of  the  systems  in 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania.    If  they 


376 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


do,  we  shall  suffer  in  rates,  in  service, 
and  in  the  development  of  our  means 
of   transportation. 

The  ablest  observers  and  students 
of  industrial  affairs  in  this  country. 
agree  that  New  England's  greatest 
industrial  resource,  lies  in  her  large 
supply  of  highly  skilled  workmen. 
It  is  probable  that  our  continued  in- 
dustrial prosperity  depends  in  a  large 
degree  upon  our  ability  to  keep  and 
increase  this  supply  of  skilled  labor. 
For  it  is  only  by  means  of  highly 
trained  men  and  women  that  we  can 
hope  to  turn  out  finished  products  of 
such  a  quality  as  will  command  the 
best  prices.  The  transportation  charg- 
es incurred  in  the  distribution  and 
selling  of  such  goods,  will  be  'propor- 
tionately less  than  the  transportation 
charges  on  bulky  coarse  products, 
turned  out  by  unskilled  labor,  which 
must  be  sold  at  a  much  lower  value  in 
relation  to  their  bulk  or  weight. 

It  is  perhaps  natural  that  the  first 
tendency  of  manufacturers  who  feel 
the  pressure  of  the  increasingly  keen 
competition,  should  be.  vigorously 
opposed  to  the  more  liberal  working 
conditions  which  are  being  adopted 
in  other  sections  of  the  country.  The 
plausible  argument  is  advanced  that 
New  England  cannot  afford  to  meet 
these  conditions  owing  to  its  adverse 
situation  in  respect  to  coal  and 
freight  rates.  Is  it  wise  for  New  Eng- 
land to  allow  other  sections  of  the 
country  to  maintain  more  favorable 
conditions  for  skilled  labor?  If  the 
conditions  under  which  employment 
can  be  obtained  in  New  England  are 
lower  than  those  which  prevail  else- 
where, it  .is  inevitable  that  the  more 
enterprising,  intelligent  and  skilled 
men  and  women  within  our  borders 
will  gradually  and  continually  drift 
to  those  localities  where  conditions 
of  work  are  more   favorable. 

Furthermore,  there  is  a  field  of 
economy  and  thrift  in  this  connection 
which  we  in  New  England,  cannot- 
afford  to  overlook.  Strikes,  lockouts, 
large  groups  of   employees   hostile  or 


antagonistic  to  their  employers,  are 
all  the  source  of  immeasurable  losses, 
not  only  to  the  community  at  large, 
but  to  our  industries  themselves.  It 
is  of  vital  importance  to  New  Eng- 
land business  that  its  leaders  should 
develop  a  far-sighted  and  resourceful 
policy  in  dealing  with  the  labor 
situation. 

Another  serious  disadvantage  to 
New  England  industry  lies  in  the 
fact  that  the  cost  of  living  is  higher 
here  than  it  is  in  some  sections  of  the 
the  country  which  produce  the  food 
necessary  for  their  population.  We  in 
New  England  import  75%  of  our 
food.  The  transportation  charges  on 
this  food  add  substantially  to  its 
cost  to  the  consumer.  This  has  an 
injurious  effect  on  New  England  busi- 
ness. If  mill  operatives,  for  instance, 
can  live  better  on  the  same  wages  in 
St.  Louis  than  they  can  in  New  Eng- 
land, there  is  bound  to  be  a  tendency 
for  those  industries  which  employ  the 
best  class  of  help,  gradually  to  move 
their  plants  where  living  costs  are 
cheapest.  In  such  localities  they  will 
find  a  more  abundant,  more  contented, 
and   more   capable   supply   of   labor. 

Industrial  prosperity  and  agricul- 
tural development  are  largely  inter- 
dependent. This  is  more  true  to-day 
than  ever  before,  because  of  the  in- 
crease costs  of  transporting   food. 

In  the  interests  of  the  continued 
prosperity  of  New  England,  we  need 
to  foster  and  encourage  our  agricul- 
tural resources.  We  have  not  been 
doing  this  in  the  past.  During  the  last 
fifty  years,  while  our  population  has 
largely  increased,  products  of  out- 
farms  have  shown  a  steady  and  alarm- 
ing decline.  We  need  to  encourage 
better  and  more  efficient  agricultural 
methods,  accompanied  by  a  discrimi- 
nating selection  of  the  things  to  be 
produced  on  New  England  farms. 
We  need  more  productive  stock,  a 
better  selection  of  seed,  intensive  cul- 
tivation of  land,  more  fertilizer,  and 
a  wise  selection  and  rotation  of  crops. 

The  valuable  work  being  done  along 


NEW  ENGLAND'S  INDUSTRIAL  FUTURE 


377 


these  lines  by  our  State  College,  by 
the  "Agricultural  Extension  Service, 
and  by  our  farm  organizations, 
should  be  encouraged.  The}-  not 
only  help  the  fanner,  but  indirectly 
they  contribute  fundamentally  to  the 
prosperity  of  all  business  in  our 
community. 

We  have  in  our  midst  the  best  mar- 
kets for  farm  products  to  be  found 
anywhere  in  the  world.  But,  unfor- 
tunately, these  have  not  been  devel- 
oped in  the  interests  of  New  England 
farmers.  Others  have  profited  by  this 
natural  advantage.  We  have  in  this 
country  the  most  extravagant  sys- 
tem of  distributing  food  to  be  found 
anywhere  in  the  world.  Much  can  be 
done  to  reduce  the  cost  of  food  and  to 
increase  farm  profits  by  means  of  co- 
operative buying  and  selling.  In  New 
England,  at  least,  we  cannot  afford 
longer  to  support  a  system  of  food 
distribution  which  charges  the  con- 
sumer, on  an  average,  twice  as  much 
as  it  costs  to  produce  that  food  on  the 
farm.  Here  is  a  field  for  construc- 
tive progress  which  will  benefit  both 
our   industries   and    our    farmers. 

Many  of  the  policies  and  lines  of 
action  which  I  have  suggested  can  be 
initiated  and  developed  only  by  the 
business  men  of  our  community. 
They  are  broad,  economic  questions 
which  must  be  handled  as  other  prac- 
tical problems  are  handled. 

But  there  are  a  few  things  which 
can  be  done  through  our  government. 
Of  recent  years,  taxes  have  grown  to 
such  an  extent  that  they  are  a  serious 
burden  to  the  farmer,  to  the  house- 
holder, and  to  many  business  enter- 
prises. At  present,  our  taxes  are  not 
equally  distributed.  Certain  classes 
of  property  bear  more  than  their 
share  of  the  cost  of  government. 
Other  classes  of  property  escape  tax- 
ation either  in  part  or  in  whole.  This 
discrimination  is  not  only  unjust,  but 
it  may  even  threaten  the  continued 
prosperity  of  those  interests  most 
heavily  burdened.  This  is  a  time 
when  taxes  should  be  distributed  fair- 


ly on  all  classes  of  property,  in  some 
reasonable  proportion  to  their  ability 
to  pay. 

In  the  last  ten.  years  the  cost  of 
running  our  state  government  has 
more  than  doubled.  Much  of  this 
increase  is  inevitable,  and  due  to 
causes  we  cannot  control.  But  we 
should  take  every  precaution  against 
waste,  inefficiency  and  the  extrava- 
grant  use  of  public  moneys.  Realizing 
the  taxes  are  unusually  high,  and  that 
the  functions  of  Government  have 
been  enormously  extended,  some  25 
states  have  been  making  a  careful 
survey  of  all  the  departments  of 
government.  These  surveys  have  for 
their  object,  increasing  the  efficiency, 
and  introducing  economies,  in  con- 
ducting the  business  of  the  state. 
1  believe  that  New  Elampshire  could 
profitably  order  a  similar  investiga- 
tion of  its  State's  affairs  to  be  made 
by  men  of  experience  and  training  in 
such  matters. 

In  brief,  it  seems  to  me  that  the 
business  prosperity  of  New  England 
could  be  substantially  increased ;  first 
through  the  wise  development  of  our 
water  powers  to  overcome  the  dis- 
advantage of  expensive  coal  and  high 
freight  rates.  Secondly,  by  encour- 
aging the  development  of  our  forest 
to  provide  cheap  raw  material,  at 
least,  for  one  great  industry.  Third, 
by  developing  our  agricultural  re- 
sources, and  a  cheaper  system  of 
food  distribution,  in  order  to  lower  the 
cost  of  living.  And  finally,  by  a 
vigilant  and  intelligent  effort  to  in- 
stitute efficiency,  thrift,  and  economy 
in  all  public  expenditures.  This  to  be 
accompanied  -by  a  wider  and  more 
equitable  distribution  of  the  cost  of 
government,  through  an  equaliza- 
tion of  the  tax  burden. 

Such  action  calls  for  the  cooperation 
of  all  elements  and  classes,  to  unite 
in  overcoming  the  difficulties  which 
menace  the  prosperity  of  New  Eng- 
land. This  is  a  matter  in  which  we 
all  have  the  most  vital  interest.  If 
all     classes  of  people  understand     the 


37S  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

fundamental    causes     of    the     present  a  free     discussion  and     full     publicity, 

situation,   it   will   be   possible  to   enlist  concerning-    existing    conditions,      and 

their  united  cooperation  in  a  construe  the   action   necessary     to    meet     these 

the  plan  of  action;     For  this  purpose,  conditions,  is  most  desirable. 


FANTASY 

By  L.  Adelaide  Slwnu-an 

Drunk  with  the  sunset's  spilled  red  wine 

Day  has  swooned,  and  the  western  hills 
In   dappled   amethyst,   mauve   and   gray, 
Bend  and   weep  over  prostrate  Day — 

Each   tear   in   a   drop   of    dew   distils. 

Back  where  the  sentinel   fir-trees  stand, 
Blackly  agleam  on  the  sky-line  white, 

Hark  !  he  has  broken  the  holy  hush ; 

The   seraph-throated   hermit  thrush 

In    liquid   triplets   greets    King    Night. 

I  have  fled  from  the  House  of  Day, 

Spite  of  her  warders,  Toil  and  Care; 
Breathing    the    balsam    breezes    pure, 
Into   the  gem-shine,    star-shine   lure — 
Palpitant  sky  and  dew-dipped  air. 


Fleeing,  I  laugh  at  the  House  of  Day — 
Weariness,   like   an   out-worn   dress, 

Slips  away  on  a  shimmering  tide, 

A  sea  of   fancy,  deep  and  wide, 

Soft    impearled    by    the    moon's    caress. 

Flash  of   an  arrow,   crystal   tipped, 

Silver   meshes   that   hold    me    fast; 

Song  of  a  pixie,  light  of  a  star, 

And  an  elfin  echo,   faint  and   far, — 
A   faery  herald's  bugle  blast ! 

High  I  wing  me  with  bird  and  song, 

With  the  moon  and  steadfast  stars  I  shine. 
Lo !   I  am  one  with  flower  and   tree, 
And  a  glory  throbs  in  the  soul  of  me! 

I,  too,  am  drunk  with  the  sunset's  wine. 


_?;•<? 


THE  NEW  WILLEY  HOUSE  CABINS 

By   John    H.    Foster,   Sf ate   Forester. 


The  Crawford  Notch,  one  of  the 
most  famous  gateways  in  the  White 
Mountains,  was  named  for  Ethan 
Allen.  Crawford,  one  of  the  first 
settlers  in  the  region.  It  is  a  source 
of  gratification  to  know  that  a  tract 
of  6,000  acres,  extending  south- 
ward from  the  gateway  for  a  dis- 
tance of  about  six  miles,  belongs 
to  the  people  of  New  Hampshire 
and  is  known  as  the  Crawford 
Notch  State  Forest  Reservation. 
This  reservation  occupies  the 
northerly  half  of  the  township 
known  as  Hart's  Location.  On 
either  side  the  boundary  extends 
to  the  summits  of  the  mountains 
bordering  the  Saco  river.  The 
purchase  of  this  reservation  was 
made  possible  by  a  special  act  of 
the    Legislature   of    1911. 

To  the  east  and  west  of  the  State 
Reservation  lies  the  White  Moun- 
tain National  Forest  which  makes 
of  the  region  altogether  a  splendid 
stretch  of  forested  mountains,  val- 
leys and  slopes  now  in  public  own- 
ership. A  short  distance  below  the 
gateway  are  the  Silver  Cascades, 
well  worth  a  stop  on  the  part  of 
motorists  passing  through  the 
Notch,  but  unfortunately  frequent- 
ly overlooked.  Mounts  Avalon. 
Willard,  Willey  and  '  Frankenstein 
comprise  the  border  range  on  the 
west,  while  the  magnificant  slopes 
of  Mt.  Webster  occupy  much  of  the 
easterly  border  of  the  valley.  The 
southern  border  of  the  reservation 
is  near  the  crossing  of  Bemis 
Brook,  where  a  vista  has  been  cut 
through  to  the  river  and  a  magnifi- 
cent view  may  be  obtained  of  the 
summit  of  Mt.  Washington. 

Within  the  Crawford  Notch  res- 
ervation and  some  three  miles  be- 
low the  gate  of  the  Notch,  is  the 
site  of  the  original  Willey  House, 
famous  the  country  over  on  ac- 
count  of   the   great   slide   which   on 


August  .28,  1826,. -came  dowrn.  the 
slope  of  Mt.  Willey  and  killed  the 
entire  Willey  family,  who  had 
rushed  from  their  home  upon  the 
approach  of  the  avalanche.  It  is 
well  known  that  the  house  itself 
remained  untouched.  This  house 
was  afterwards  enlarged  by  the  ad- 
dition of  another  building  and  used 
as  a  hotel.  The  original  house  was 
finally  destroyed  by  fire  and  the 
hotel  buildings  eventually  disap- 
peared. For  many  years  now  the 
only  suggestion  of  previous  habi- 
tation at  this  famous  spot  has  been 
the  clearing  in  the  otherwise  un- 
broken forest,  the.  remains  of  the 
cellar  walls  of  the  original  Willey 
House  and  the  walls  of  other  build- 
ings. Gravel  from  the.  great  slide 
has  been  used  for  many  years  in 
constructing  and  maintaining  the 
state  highway,  known  as  the  Theo- 
dore Roosevelt  Highway,  which 
passes    the    spot. 

One-half  mile  below  the  Willey 
House  site  is  the  headquarters  of 
the  State  ranger  or  patrolman  em- 
ployed by  the  Forestry  Commis- 
sion as  caretaker  of  the  preserva- 
tion. The  ranger  cabin  is  known 
as  the  Allen  Spring  Camp,  where 
there  is  located  one  of  the  finest 
springs  in  the  mountains,  close  by 
the  highway  and  near  the  State, 
cabin.  Through  the  fire  season 
the  State  ranger  watches  for  fire, 
patrols  north  and  south  along  the 
state  highway  and  the  railroad 
above,  allots  camping  space  to  for- 
est travellers  and  motor  tourists 
and  gives  permits  for  building  fires. 
He  is  at  the  service  of  the  public 
and  is  always  glad  to  accommodate 
passers-by,  point  out  places  of  in- 
terest and  render  every  service  pos- 
sible free  of  charge.  The  open 
spaces  between  the  Allen  Spring 
Camp  and  the  Willey  House  site 
are    used    for    the    accomodation    of 


380 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


the    public    for   'camping   [purposes. 

Two  permanent  camps  away  from 
the  highway  and  on  a  roadway 
leading  to  the  Willey  House  Sta- 
tion on  the  Maine  Central  railroad 
a  halt  mile  below  the  Allen  Spring 
Camp  have  been  built  by  private 
parties  under  leases  from  the  State. 
The  station  on  the  Maine  Central 
railroad,  known  as  the  Willey  Sta- 
tion, makes  the  Notch  country  ac- 
cessible to  parties  wishing  to  visit 
the  place  either  from  the  north  or 
south    by    railroad. 

Thousands   of   persons    each   year 


Boston,  who  has  freely  given  his 
services  in  the  interest  of  this 
mountain  country.  One  of  the  cab- 
ins is  for  a  public,  rest  room,  with 
hrepiace  and  toilets.  The  other 
cabin  is  a  store  and  lunch  room, 
where  food  and  supplies  as  well 
as  souvenirs,  both  for  the  temper 
and  automobile  party,  may  be  pur- 
chased at  reasonable,  prices  and  un- 
der regulation  by  the  State  Fores- 
try Commission.  Smaller  cabins, 
also  of  peeled  spruce  are  placed  ar- 
tistically in  the  rear,  both  for  ser- 
vice  quarters   and    for   use   of   over- 


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■-*■: 

Willey   House  Cabins 


stop  at  the  Willey  House  site  to 
see  the  historical  spot  and  enjoy 
the  unsurpassed  view  of  the  moun- 
tains afforded  by  the  clearings 
made  years  ago.  To  accomodate 
the  public  and  increase  the  recrea- 
tional advantages,  the  forestry 
Commission  has  this  present  sea- 
son undertaken  by  lease  to  J.  F. 
Donahue  of  Eartlett  to  erect  two 
peeled  spruce  cabins  close  by  the 
site  of  the  old  Willey  House. 
Plans  for  the  construction  have 
been  worked  out  by  Arthur  A. 
Shurtlert,     landscape     architect     of 


night  parties  to  a  limited  extent. 
The  Appalachian  Mountain  Club 
has  accepted  the  Willey  House 
cabins  as  one  of  the  links  in  its  sys- 
tem of  camps  east  and  west  across 
the      mountains.  The    possibilities 

for  future  development  and  service 
are  very  great.  It  is  believed  that 
this  establishment  may  be  able  to 
render  great  public  service  and  be- 
come a  headquarters  for  camping 
parties  and  outfitters  for  those  who 
wish  to  spend  subsequent  days  in 
the  woods.  There  is  no  purpose  or 
intent      to    furnish      hotel    accomoda- 


THE    NEW    WILLEY   HOUSE  CABINS 


38 


tions.  Those  who  stop  at  the  Wil- 
ley  House  over  night  must  either 
camp  out  on  the  public  camping 
grounds,  for  which  there  is  no 
charge,  or  pay  a  nominal  price  for 
the  use  of  one  of  the  cabins  where 
they  may  have  cot  beds,,  but  no 
luxuries. 

The  recreational  use  of  forests 
has  developed  to  a  marked  degree 
during  the  past  few  years.  While 
our  mountain  roads  and  trails  have 
long  been  used  by  trampers,  the 
auto  camping  party  has  come  in- 
to his  own  quite  recently.  It  ap- 
pears that  camping  by  the  road- 
side has  been  longer  in  vogue  in 
the  western  states  and  has  come 
to  us  from  that  direction.  The 
possibility    for    recreation    through- 


great.  The  National  Government 
is  bending  its  efforts  to  establish 
public  camping  places,  and  private 
parties  are  beginning  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  the  opportunity  to  ac- 
comodate the  public  in  this  way. 
It  is  believed  that  the  Willey 
House  site  is  proper  and  suitable 
for  development  in  this  direction, 
always  remembering  that  the  pub- 
lic must  be  served  freely  with  all 
that  Nature  has  provided  and  that 
the  traveler  may  pay  for  food  supplies 
and  comforts  at  reasonable,  prices.  Al- 
ready it  is  no  uncommon  thing  to 
have  forty  automobile  parties  pass 
the  night  <>n  the  Willey  House 
erounds. 


WHEN  THE  SUMMER  DAYS  HAVE 
FLED 

By  Alice  Sargent  Kr ik or kin 

All  the  sweet  summer  we  have  felt  the  charm 
Of  her  own  witchery;  by  the  changing  sea 
We  have  found  a  peaceful,  happy  calm 
While  we  tried  to  learn  its  mystery ; 
Shall  we  remember  what  the  waves  have  said 
When  the  summer   days  have  fled? 

Or  perchance,  our  roving  feet  have  led 
W'here  the  cowbell  tinkles  faint  and  low, 
Where  the  leafy  boughs  close  overhead 
And  the  mountain  shadows  come  and  go ; 
There  again,  in   fancy,  shall  we  tread 
When  the  summer   days   have  fled? 

In  gardens  old,  beside  the  gray  stone  wall, 
We  found  the  roses  growing  white  and   fair, 
The  pure,  calm  lily,  and  the  poppy  tall 
Flaunting  her  brilliant  petals  in  the  air; 
Shall  we  picture  yet  her  beauty  red 
When  the  summer  davs  have  fled? 


Now  flaming  woods  reflect  the  sunsets  gold, 
And  fluttering  earthward   falls  the  crimson  leaf 
The  flocks  are  coming  homeward  to  the  fold, 
The  farmer  binds  again  the  golden  sheaf. 
And  yet,  with  matchless  beauty  we  are  fed 
E'en  tho*  the  summer  days  have  fled. 


382  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

SOUTH  OF  MOGADOR 

By  Erwin  Ferdinand  Keene. 

Roaring  up  the  mango-bordered-  beach. 
White-lingered  waves  lift  high  their  greedy  hands 
To   the   green-veined,   throbbing   jungle,   out   of   reach- 
Then  whisper  down  the  seav,  eed-tasseled  sands. 

Tall  palms,  like  troubadours,  lean  each  to  each 
And   murmur   minstrelsy    from   many   lands, 
Or  sing  of   voyages   along  thy   strands 
When  men  had  much  to  learn,  and  more  to  teach. 

From  gold-prowed   triremes  to   our   steel-ribbed   ships, 
For   thrice   a  thousand   years,    with   hope   unfurled, 
No  dauntless  keel  e'er  kissed  thy  tide-wet  lips 
But  claimed  thy  seizin   for   some  new-found   world. 

Land  of  romance!  of  ivory,  gold,  and  slaves: 

Thy   fevered   breast  is  bosomed   high  with  graves ! 


THE  HERMIT  THRUSH 

By   Laura    Garland   Carr. 

From   out   the   woodland's   sacred  hush 

There  comes  a  sweet,  melodious  gush 

Of  perfect  song.     It  is  not  sad; 

Jt  is  not  gay ;  it  is  not  glad. 

It  is  the  soulful  overflow 

Of  bliss  not  given  man  to  know. 

Nor  can  the  little  singer  feel 

The  mysteries  his   songs  conceal. 

Bird   song  and  human  heart  combine — 

Then    ecstasv !    O    thrill    divine ! 


BABY'S  PUFF 

By  Ruth  Bassctt. 

Soft  as  a  mantle  of   feathery  flakes, 

Shining  as  pearl. 
Fragrant  as  clover  covering  over 

My  little  girl. 

Silken  and  light  as  a  rose-tinted  cloud 

To  earth  beguiled. 
Warmly  it  holds  in  its  delicate  folds 

My  little  child. 


POEMS  383 

A  DEGENERATE  OF  THE  PINK  FAMILY 

By  Mary  E.  Hough. 

I    remember  that  you  grew 

In   the   sunlight   and   the   dew. 

Where  stood  an  old  gray  farm-houso  in  clustering  woodbine 

set- 
Then  yon  strayed  down  to  the  road-side ; 
Yes,  I  think  I  see  you  yet. 
All  your  kin  wore  fresh,  pink  dresses. 
Crumpled  yours,  unkempt  your  tresses — 
Too  much  flouncing,  but  I  liked  you. 
Bouncing   Bet. 

Now  you've  crept  into  my  garden 
Without  saving.  "By  your  pardon  !" 
I  shall  root  yon  up  without  the  least  regret. 
Lest  you  harm   my  other   flowers. 
Do  you  blazonly   forget 

That  you've   chummed   with   weed   and   sorrel. 
That  you   real!)*  aren't  quite   moral? 
O,   I  heartily  dislike  you. 
Bouncing   Bet. 

But   one   morning   1    was    speeding 
In  my  auto— no  one  heeding— 

I   s?w  a  stretch  of   roadside  all  pink  and   dewy  wet. 
You  stretched  miles  and  miles  from  home, 
But   I   knew   where  we  had   met. 
You  were  fluttering  and  graceful. 
And  I  picked  a  pretty  vaseful 
Of  your  bloom, — for   I   loved  you, 
Bouncing   Bet. 

I  thought  you  would  be  cheery 

For  my  city-flat  was  dreary 

And  I  owed  to  you  besides  a  much  belated  debt, 

Or  the  duty  to  reform  you — 

You  became  my  wild-flower  pet. 

*  *  *  *  *  * 

But  your  pale  pink  has  grown  blowsy 
And  your  locks  are  strangely  frowzy — 
O,   I   love  you  and   I   loathe  you, 
Bouncing   Bet. 


384  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

A  BIT  OF  COLOR 

By  Laura   Garland   Carr. 

There  is  mist  on   the  mountain, 
There  is  dew  on  the  vines ; 

The   humming   birds   flit 

Down  the  scarlet- bean  lines; 

The  bees  in  the  blossoms 
With  nectar  are  muddled — 

And  still  the  pink  moth 

.    In  the  primrose  is  cuddled. 

The  webs  of  the  spiders — 

With  jewels  bedight — 
Say  all  will  be  lovely 

From   morning  till   night. 
Don't,    don't    with    the   primrose 

Forever  abide— 
Be  astir — little  moth — 

In  this  glory  outside. 

A  down   leafy   branches 

The  sunbeams  are  sifting ; 
Across  grassy  reaches 

Are   shadow   clouds   drifting ; 
The  insect  brigade  is  abroad 

In   good   numbers. 
Be  a  wise  little  moth 

And  awake   from  your  slumbers. 

Did    the    primrose   beguile 

By   its   hypnotic   motion 
Till   now   you   are  lost 

In   oblivion's   ocean? 
And   your  dreams — are  they   fair — 

Like  the  picture  you  make? 
Then    sleep    in    your   primrose 

And  never  awake. 

There's  a  realm  of  delight 

In  the  ether — somewhere — 
We've  sensed   it   and  glimpsed   it — 

And  know   it   is  there. 
Is  the  little  pink  moth — 

This   primrose   marauder — 
A  waif  and  a  stray 

From  over  its  border? 


3SS 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY  DAY 


At  the  primary  election  held  on 
September  5.  there  were  more  than 
15.000  fewer  votes  cast  than  at  the 
last   primary  two   years   ago. 

Windsor  K.  Goodnow  of  Keene 
won  the  Republican  nomination 
for  Governor  by  a  vote  of  more 
than  two  to  one  over  Arthur  G. 
Whittemore  of  Dover.  Fred  H. 
Brown  of  Somersworth,  in  a  tri- 
angular contest,  had  a  comfortable 
margin  over  John  C.  Hutchins  of 
Stratford  [for  the  Democratic  gu- 
bernatorial nomination,  while  Al- 
bert Wellington  iMoone  of  Peter- 
borough was  far  in  the  rear.  In 
the  first  congressional  district,  the 
Republican  nomination  went  to 
John  Scammon  of  Exeter  by  a 
considerable  margin  over  Hobart 
Pillsbury  of  Manchester.  The 
other  contestants,  Fernando  W. 
Hartford  of  Portsmouth  and  Albert 
E.  Shute  of  Derry,  were  far  behind. 
William  N.  Rogers  of  Wakefield 
received  the  Democratic  nomina- 
tion for  this  district  without  oppo- 
sition. 

In  the  second  congressional  dis- 
trict, Edward  II.  Wason  of  Nashua 
was  renominated  by  the  Republi- 
cans without  opposition.  A  trian- 
gular contest  for  the  Democratic 
nomination  between  William  H. 
Barry  of  Nashua,  Amos  N,  Blandin 
of  Bath  and  George  H.  Whitcher  of 
Concord  resulted  in  the  first  named 
receiving  mo  e  votes  than  his  two 
competitors   together. 

In  view  of  the  defeat  for  sena- 
torial nomination  in  the  fifth  dis- 
trict of  Fred  A.  Jones,  wrho  wras  ex- 
pected to  be  president  of  the  Sen- 
ate, it  is  understood  that  Benjamin 
II.  Orr  of  the  fifteenth  district  and 
George  Allen  Putnam  of  the  six- 
teenth district  will  be  candidates 
for  that  office.  For  the  speaker  of 
the  house  Harry  M.  Cheney  of 
Concord  has  been  suggested.  Mr. 
Cheney  was  speaker  in  1903,  but 
is  not  yet  a  candidate. 


Another  suggested  candidate  for 
speaker  is  Charles  W.  Tobey  of 
Temple  who  held  the  chair  in  the 
session  of  1919.  At  present  the  in- 
dications are  that  the  legislature  will 
be  an  unusually  strong  one. 

The  eleventh  annual  forestry 
conference  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Society  for  the  Protection  of 
New  Hampshire  Forests,  in  co- 
operation with  the  New  Hampshire 
Forestry  Commission,  was  held  on 
August  29-31,  at  the  Keene  Normal 
School  and  was  largely  attended. 
The  influence  of  the  Society,  under 
the  presidency,  first  of  the  late  Gov- 
ernor Rollins,  and  more  lately  of 
Allen  Hollis,  Esq.,  and  under  the 
skillful  executive  guidance  of  Philip 
W.  Ayres,  has  been  of  inestimable 
value  in  the  way  of  education.  To 
it  is  due  in  large  measure  the  en- 
lightened public  opinion  which  has 
made  our  forestry  laws  and  our 
state  department  of  forestry  things 
of    real    vitality. 

The  attendance  at  the  conference 
was  large,  and  the  interest  unflag- 
ging. Many  came,  as  usual,  from 
without  the  state,  most  prominent 
among  whom  was  Colonel  William 
B.  Greeley,  Chief  of  the  United 
States  Forestry  Service.  Of  prime 
interest  was  the  discussion  on  the 
second  day  of  the  subject  of  forest 
taxation.  State  Forester  John  H. 
Foster  presided,  and  Harris  A. 
Reynolds,  Secretary  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Forestry  Association,  ex- 
plained the  new  law  which  has  recent- 
ly gone  into  effect  in  his  common- 
welath.  In  the  general  discussion. 
Governor  Brown  and  former  Gov- 
ernor Bass  joined,  while  the  view- 
point of  the  practical  lumberman 
was  voiced  by  S.  F.  Langdell. 
There  seemed  to  be  a  pretty  gen- 
eral agreement,  that  if  our  forests 
are  to  be  maintained  as  a  perma- 
nent valuable  resource  of  the 
state,    some  change    in    taxation  is 


386 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


necessary.  Just  how  this  may  be 
done  is  nor  a  matter  of  agreement; 
certainly  full  relief  is  apparently 
impossible  without  constitutional 
amendment,  and,  even  granted 
that,  great  care  will  be  necessary, 
as  Governor  Brown  remarked,  to 
relieve  timberlands  without  un- 
duly burdening  the  heavily  tim- 
bered towns.  The  problem  is  not 
beyond  solution,  however.  once 
the  need  be  clearly  recognized. 
Such  activities  as  the  forestry  con- 
ference are  going  to  be  of  great 
value  in  working  out  an  enlight- 
ened  system. 

The  success  of  this  year's  con- 
ference was  due  in  no  small  part 
to  the  cordial  co-operation  of  Di- 
rector Mason  of  the  Normal  school 
and  of  the  well-known  civic  spirit 
of  Keene  as  expressed  by  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  a  com- 
mittee of  arrangements,  headed  by 
the  mayor,  the  Honorable  Orville 
E.  Cain. 


Another  and  even  more  important 
discussion  of  the  question  of  state 
taxation  was  that  held  on  September 
14  by  the  newly  organized  New 
Hampshire  Civic  Association  at  the 
State  College  at  Durham.  President 
Hetzel  presided  and  there  was  an  at- 
tendance of  about  one  hundred  rep- 
resentative men  from  all  parts  of  the 
state  including  three  former  gover- 
nors, a  justice  of  the  Superior  Court, 
the  secretary  of  the  Tax  Commission 
and  other  public  officials,  representa- 
tives of  the  lumbermen,  farmers, 
bankers  and  business  men,  clergy- 
men, teachers  and  lawyers. 

The  discussion  was  opened  by 
former  Governor  Bass  and  Fletcher 
Hale,  secretary  of  the  Tax  Commis- 
sion, after  which  the  conference  re- 
solved itself   into  a  discussion  of  the 


specific    problems    represented    by    in- 
tangibles and  growing  timber. 

There  was  practically  unanimous 
agreement  that  the  tax  situation  in 
New  Hampshire  is  critical  and  that 
it  is  desirable  to  find  some  way  to  tax 
intangibles  and  so  to  change  the  sys- 
tem of  timber  taxation  as  to  encour- 
age growth  to  maturity.  The  need  of 
economy  and  of  making  every  dollar 
of  revenue  do  the  work  of  a  dollar 
was  also  emphasized. 

There  was  a  long  discussion  as  to 
the  scope  of  constitutional  amend- 
ments needed  to  bring  about  the  ends 
desired.  All  shades  of  opinion  were 
expressed,  ranging  from  the  view 
that  no  amendment  was  necessary  to 
advocation  by  a  considerable  number 
of  such  an  amendment  as  would 
throw  the  whole  subject  of  taxation 
wide  open  to  the  legislature,  so  that 
it  might  frame  a  taxation  system 
which  should  be  elastic  and  suscepti- 
ble of  prompt  change  to  meet  new 
conditions. 

It  was  voted  to  authorize  the  ex- 
ecutive committee  to  select  two  com- 
mittees of  five  each  to  consider  the 
two  problems  of  intangibles  and  tim- 
ber and .  to  report  to  a  later  meeting 
a  plan   for  legislative  action. 

On  the  same  day  of  the  meeting  at 
Durham  a  session  of  no  less  impor- 
tance was  held  at  Manchester.  This 
was  the  first  of  a  series  of  hearings 
by  the  commissioners  recently  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Brown  to  repre- 
sent New  Hampshire  in  the  New 
England  conference  relative  to  rail- 
road organization.  The  future  of  the 
railroads  in  this  section  will  hardly 
have  less  influence  on  the  prosperity 
of  New  Hampshire  than  will  the  sys- 
tem of  taxation. 

Further  hearings  have  been  ill  at- 
tended. New  Hampshire's  citizens 
should  awake  promptly  to  the  seri- 
ousness of  this  problem. 


EDITORIAL 


3$>? 


A  friend  of  The  Granite  Monthly 
living-  in  Concord  offers  th rough  the 
Granite  Monthly  a  prize  for  the  best 
prose  essay  contributed  by  an  un- 
dergraduate of  any  New  Hampshire 
High  School  (including  junior  High) 
he fore   April    1,    1923. 

A  first  prize  of  $15.00  and  a  second 
prize  of  $10.00  will  be  awarded,  and 
the  prize-winning  essay  will  be  pub- 
lished in  the  magazine.  The  editor 
of  the  magazine  will  reserve  the 
right  to  publish  any  manuscript  sub- 
mitted which  is  considered  deserving 
of  special  mention  even  though  it 
does  not  win  a  prize. 

The  following  will  be  the  conditions 
of    the   competition : 

1.  All  manuscripts  must  be  re- 
ceived by  the  Granite  Monthly,  Con- 
cord, New  Hampshire,  on  or  before 
April    1,    1923. 

2.  No  manuscript  is  to  exceed 
1,500  words  in  length. 

3.  No  manuscript  will  be  consid- 
ered unless  clearly  written  on  one 
side  only  of  the  paper. 

4.  The    subject   of   the   essay   may 


be  chosen  by  the  writer,  with  the 
restriction  that  it  must  have  to  do 
with  the  author's  personal  observa- 
tion of  the  men,  women  and  things 
about  him.  Historical  and  biographi- 
cal papers  and  literary  criticisms  will 
not  be  considered.  The  object  of  the 
competition  is  to  test  the  ability  of 
the  High  School  students  to  observe, 
to  think  and  to  express  their  thoughts 
clearly    in   good    English, 

5.  The  essay  must  not  be  correct- 
ed or  revised  by  any  other  hand  than 
the  author's.  Except  for  this,  it 
does  not  matter  whether  the  essay  is 
written  as  a  part  of  the  school  work 
or    otherwise. 

6.  The  manuscript  should  not 
bear  the  name  of  the  author.  The 
title  of  the  essay  and  the  author's 
name  should  be  placed  upon  a  sepa- 
rate sheet  of  paper,  to  which  should 
be  appended  a  statement  of  the  prin- 
cipal of  the  school  that  the  author 
is  an  undergraduate  student  of  his 
school. 

The  names  of  the  judges  will  be 
announced   at  a   later  time. 


SOLITUDE 

By  Helcne   Mullms. 

In  the  cool  night  I  wander, 

Dreaming 

Of  someone  who  loves  me. 

Someone    who    loves    me 

More  than   I   love  white  birches 

Glimmering    in    the   moonlight. 

More  than   I    love 

The  night's  naked   silence. 

Someone  whom  I   can  hurt 

More  than  white  birches 

Glimmering  in  the  moonlight, 

Or  the  night's  naked  silence 

Can   hurt   me 


:?&§> 


BOOKS  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  INTEREST 


Polly  the  Pagan:  Her  Lost 
Love  Letters,  bv  Isabel  Anderson. 
The    Page   Company,   $1.90. 

Mrs.  Anderson,  hitherto  known 
for  The  Spell  of  Belgium  and  simi- 
lar travel  books,  here  makes  her  first 
venture  into  fiction.  She  has,  how- 
ever, retained  the  background  of 
travel,  and  often  the  love  letters  drop 
into  vivid  thumb-nail  sketches  of 
Italian  scenes.  Her  treatment  of 
such  passages,  needless  to  say,  is 
charming. 

Polly  is  a  "peppy"  American  girl 
on  a  European  tour.  At  Rome  she 
flirts  outrageously  with  an  Italian  of- 
ficer, a  Spanish  marquis,  an  Ameri- 
can secretary  of  legation  and  a  mys- 
terious Russian  prince,  thus  starting 
a  series  of  cross  purposes  which 
sustain  interest  to  the  end.  The 
story  is  developed  cleverly  by  means 
of  extracts  from  Polly's  journal  and 
correspondence.  The  progress  of 
the   heroine    from    gay   and      thought- 


less flirtations  at  hurdle- jumping 
carnival  dances,  and  the  like,  to  a 
settled  and  very  sweet  love  is  most 
deftly   handled. 

There  is  an  appreciative  foreword 
by  Basil  King.  The  publisher  has 
given  the  book   an  attractive  dress. 


The  Romance  of  New  England 
Rooftress,  by  Mary  Caroline  Craw- 
ford.    The  Page  Company,  $2.50. 

Originally  published  a  score  of 
years  ago,  this  well-written  descrip- 
tion of  two  dozen  famous  old  houses 
is  now  issued  in  a  new  edition.  Pack- 
ed into  its  nearly  four  hundred  pages 
is  a  wealth  of  historic  interest.  The 
tourist  will  find  it  a  valuable  guide- 
book, and  to  the  fireside  reader,  it 
will  furnish  many  a  pleasant  half 
hour.  It  is  a  book  which  will  add 
to  any  library.  There  are  more  than 
thirty  excellent   illustrations. 


A  SONG  TO  PASS  AWAY  THE 
EVENING 

By  Hclenc   Mull  ins. 

Your   face  is   old.  .old, 

My   Beloved, 

I   have  known  it  too  long.... 

I   would  sell   it,    I   think, 

To  a  peddlar, 

For  a  bit  of  a  song. 


And  then  I  would  lie 

In  the  grass, 

And.  .perhaps.  .  fall   asleep, 

And  because  of  remorse 

For  my   folly, 

I  would  weep ....  I  would  weep , 


3*c/ 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  NECROLOGY 

HON.    ROSEA    W.    PARKER.  profession;    he    pursued    a    partial    course 


Hose  a     Washing-ton     Parker,     born 
Lempster,    May    30,    1833,    died    in    Clare 
mont,    August   21,    VM2. 

Mr.  Parker  was  the  son  of  Benjamin 
and  Olive  (Nichols)  Parker.  The  son 
of  a  farmer,  he  was  rearer!  to  a '  life  of 
industry,  such  as  characterized  the  life 
of  most  Nov.-  England  farmers'  sons  of 
his  day,  and  which  gave  him  the  mea- 
sure  of   physical   health   and    vigor    essen- 


at    Tufts    College,    and    then    entered    the 
in       office    of    Hon.    Edmund    Burke    of    New- 


port, the  most  distinguished  lawyer  of 
his  day  in  that  part  of  the  State  as  a 
student  at  law,  meanwhile  teaching 
school  in  the  winter  season,  as  he  had 
done  for  some  time  previously,  as  a 
means  of  earning  money  to  meet  his 
expenses. 

Retaining  his   legal  residence  in   Lemp- 
ster     while    pursuing      his    studies,      Mr. 


• 


s 


^JMLi^,. 


•"'■>-■/*"-•.:■    ;>:  ...;..'..;.•'•:•;.■..  -Ai:;i»;i-j-^?:Li-^:-:';:-^ 


Hosea  W.  Parker 


tial  to  success  in  any  calling.  At  the 
same  time  he  developed  an  ambition  for 
service  in  a  field  of  effort  where  the 
strong  menial  powers,  with  which  he 
had  been  endowed,  might  have  full  play. 
He  made  the  best  of  such  advantages 
for  education  as  the  brief  terms  of  dis- 
trict school  afforded  in  boyhood,  and 
subsequently  attended  Tubbs  Union 
Academy  in  Washington,  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  the  Green  Mountain  Liberal 
Institute  at  South  Woodstock,  Vermont. 
Having    determined    to    enter     the    legal 


Parker  served  that  town  as  its  Superin- 
tending School  Committee  in  1857-8, 
and  was  its  representative  in  the  State 
legislature  in  1859  and  1860,  being  un- 
questionably, the  oldest  survivor  of  that 
body,  in  date  of  service  at  the  time  of 
his  decease,  as  he  was  the  oldest  lawyer 
in     the    State. 

In  the  autumn  of  1860,  having  been 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  previous  year, 
he  opened  an  office  and  commenced  the 
practise  of  law  in  the  town  of  Clare- 
mont,      which    he    continued      until      the 


3^0 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


time  of  his  death,  or  until  failing  health 
a  few  months  previous,  compelled  re- 
tirement. 

A  Democrat  in  politics,  located  as  he 
was  in  a  strong'  Republican  town  and 
county,  Mr.  Parker  enjoyed  little  oppor- 
tunity for  public  political  service,  nor 
did  he  aspire  to  the  same,  preferring 
the.  steady  pursuit  of  his  profession,  in 
which  he  soon  took  high  rank;  but  he 
took  strong  interest,  nevertheless,  in  the 
cause  of  his  party,  to  whose  principles 
he  was  devotedly  attached,  and  served 
it  faithfully,  as  opportunity  offered,  in 
its  conventions,  upon  its  state  commit- 
tee for  many  years,  in  no  less  than 
three  National  Conventions,  and  on  the 
stump   in    many   campaigns. 

In  1871  he  was  the  candidate  of  the 
Democratic  party  for  Representative  in 
Congress  in  the  old  Third  District,  the 
Rupublican  candidate  being  that  dis- 
tinguished soldier,  Gen.  Simon  G.  Grif- 
fin of  Keene.  Although  the  district  was 
normally  Republican  by  a  good  majori- 
ty and  had  never  elected  a  Democrat 
since  the  Republican  part}-  came  into 
existence,  Mr.  Parker  was  elected  by  a 
substantial  plurality,  and  served  so  ef- 
ficiently that  he  was  re-elected  in  1873, 
and  completed  the  two  terms  then  gen- 
erally the  extent  of  service  accorded  a 
New  Hampshire  Congressman.  It  was 
during  his  second  term  that  the  sewing 
machine  monopoly,  whose  important  pa- 
tents were  about  expiring,  put  up  its 
great  fight  for  the  extension  of  those 
patents.  Mr.  Parker  was  a  member  of 
the  House  Committee  on  Patents,  and 
it  was  through  his  vote  and  influence 
in  the  Committee  that  ah  adverse  report 
was  made,  and  the  monopoly  defeated 
in    the    House. 

At  the  close  of  the  forty-second  Con- 
gress Mr.  Parker  returned  home,  ana1 
resumed  his  legal  practice,  which  had 
been  interrupted  by  his  absence  during 
the  several  sessions,  following  the  same 
closely  through  the  balance  of  his  long 
life;  but  never  neglecting  the  duties  of 
citizenship,  which  appealed  to  him  no 
less  strongly  than  those  of  his  profes- 
sion. He  took  an  active  interest  in 
everything  pertaining  to  the  welfare  of 
the  community,  and  was  particularly  ac- 
tive in  furthering  the  cause  of  educa- 
tion. It  was  mainly  througu  his  efforts 
that  the  bequest  of  the  late  Paran 
Stevens  for  the  establishment  of  a  high 
school  in  Claremont  was  made  available. 
He  served  for  a  long  series  of  years  as 
a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
school,  and  had  been  for  more  than  a 
generation  moderator  of  the  school 
meeting,     as   well  as    town     auditor,   and 


legal  conscl.  He  was  universally  recog- 
nized as  the  town's  "first  citizen,"  and 
his  judgment  was  ever  sought,  upon  all 
measures  and  projects  of  public  con- 
cern,   and    almost    always    followed. 

In  business  affairs  he  was  also  active. 
He  was  for  many  years,  and  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  president  _of  the 
Woodsutn  Steamboat  Company,  oper- 
ating steamers  on  Lake  Sunapee,  was 
president  of  the  People's  National  Bank 
of  Claremont,  and  long  a  trustee  of 
Tufts  College,  serving  for  some  time  as 
president  of  the  board.  He  was  also 
prominent  in  the  Masonic  order  and 
had  served  for  twenty-one  years  as  Em- 
inent Commander  of  Sullivan  Com- 
mandery.    Knights    Templar. 

In  religion  Mr.  Parker  was  a  life- 
long Universalis!  and  had  been  for 
many  years  the  most  eminent  layman  of 
the  denomination  in  the  country.  He 
was  a  lay  reader  in  the  little  church  at 
East  Lempster,  in  youth,  and  for  more 
than  sixty  years  the  leading  spirit  in 
the  Universalist  church  at  Claremont  and 
superintendent  of  its  Sunday  School. 
He  was  for  many  years  president  of  the 
Universalist  Sunday  School  Conven- 
tion; served  for  two  terms  as  president 
of  the  General  Convention  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada,  and  had  been  for 
the  last  sixteen  years  president  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Convention  of  Univer- 
salist churches  and,  ex-ofhcio,  chairman 
of  its  Executive  Board,  his  last  service 
in  the  capacity  having  been  at  the 
meeting  of  the  board  in  Concord  last 
May. 

Mr.  Parker  presided  at  the  last  great 
legislative  reunion  in  New  Hampshire,  in 
connection  with  the  one  hundred  and 
fiftieth  anniversary  celebration  of  the 
charter  of  Concord,  and  also  served  as 
temporary  chairman  of  the  last  Con- 
stitutional Convenion,  in  which  he  was 
a  delegate  and  a  member  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Committee.  He  had  been  for  the 
last  seventeen  years  president  'of  the 
Sullivan  County  bar,  by  which  he  was 
honored  with  a  complimentary  dinner, 
on  the  occasion  of  his  eightieth  birth- 
day anniversary,  at  the  Hotel  Claremont. 
In  1883  Tufts  College  conferred  upon 
him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.,  and 
in    1912   that    of    LL.    D. 

May  30,  1861,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Caroline  Louisa  Southgate, 
of  Bridge  water,  Vt.,  wrho  died  Septem- 
ber 14,  1904.  He  is  survived  by  a 
daughter,  Elizabeth  S.,  wife  of  Rev.  Lee 
S.  McColiester,  D.  D.,  Chaplain  of /Tufts 
College  and  Dean  of  the  Crane  Divinity 
School;  one  grandson,  Parker  IvIcCol- 
lester,    assistant      counsel      of    the    New 


NEW   HAMPSHIRE  NECROLOGY 


3(~M 


York       Centra!       Railroad;     one       grand- 


daughter 


t  atherme 


wir< 


of      Hue! 


Gallaber  of  New  York,  and  one  brother. 
Hiram  Parker  of  Penacook.  now  ninety- 
two   years    of   age. 

H.    H.    M, 


DR.    GEORGE    COOK 

Doctor  George  -Cook,  distinguished 
physician,  surgeon,  and  nationally  known 
fraternity  man,  and  a  life  long  resident 
of  Concord,  died  there  August  31  after  a 
long  and  serious  illness.  He  was  born 
at  Dover,  N.  H..  November  16,  1848, 
and  was  the  son*  of  Solomon  and  Susan 
(Hayes)  Cook.  After  receiving  his 
early  education  at  Franklin,  Concord 
High  School.  University  of  Vermont 
Medical  College,  and  Dartmouth  Medical 
College,  he  commenced  the  practice  of 
medicine  at  Henniker,  and  in  1875  re- 
moved to  Concord,  where  he  resided  up 
to    the    time    of    his    death. 

In  addition  to  hi?  medical  duties.  Doc- 
tor Cook  found  time  to  devote  consid- 
erable attention  to  church  work,  and  for 
thirty  years  was  vestryman  in  St.  Paul's 
Church  of  Concord.  During  the  early 
part  of  his  career  he  was  also  superin- 
tendent of  schools  in  Hillsborough, 
where  he  practiced  medicine  for  a  time. 
He  was  an  ardent  and  enthusiastic 
Greek  letter  fraternity  man;  and  in  past 
years  had  made  many  trips  over  the 
United  States  for  the  Alpha  Kappa  Kap- 
pa Society,  of  which  he  was  grand 
president.  During  the  World  War  he 
was  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire 
draft  board. 

He  served  as  city  physician  of  Con- 
cord from  1878  to  1S84,  was  inspector 
of  the  State  Board  of  Health  in  1885, 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  New  Hamp- 
shire Niational  Guard  in  1879.  surgeon 
in  1882.  medical  director  in  1884,  and 
surgeon  general  in  1893-1894.  He  was 
United  States  pension  examining  sur- 
geon from  1889  to  1S93,  a  member  of 
the  Margaret  Pillsbury  hospital  staff, 
president  of  the  state  medical  examin- 
ing and  registration  board  since  1897, 
past  president  of  the  New  Hampshire 
Medical  Society,  major  and  chief  sur- 
geon of  the  First  Division,  Second  Army 
Corps  of  the  United  States  Volunteers 
of  the  Spanish  American  War,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New.  Hampshire  Historical 
Society,  of  the  Odd  Fellows  and  Sons 
of  Veterans.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Military  Surgeons  of  the  United 
States,  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical    Society. 

A  willing  helper  in  the  time  of  need, 
and  of  a  lovable  disposition,  Doctor  Cook 


is  mourned  by  a  wide  circle  of  friends. 
He  is  survived  by  two  sisters  and  one 
brother,  Mrs.  John  H.  Currier  of  Con- 
cord. Mrs.  W.  H.  Jenness  of  Rosendale. 
Mass..  and  William  H.  Cook  of  Cam- 
bridge.   Mass. 


GEORGE  C.  HAZELTON 
George  C.  Hazelton,  orator  and  au- 
thor, was  born  January  3.  1833,  in  Ches- 
ter, and  died  at  his  summer  home  on 
Walnut  Hill  in  that  town  September  4. 
He  was  a  graduate  oi  Pinkcrton  Acad- 
emy Derry  of  which  he  was  one  of  the 
oldest  alumni,  and  was  also  a  graduate 
of  Union  College.  Fie  was  a  member 
of  the  Wisconsin  state  legislature  and 
was  president  pro  tern  of  that  house. 
For  three_  terms  he  had  served  as  a 
member  of  Congress  from  Wisconsin, 
and  had  been  United  States  district  at- 
torney. A  Republican  in  politics.  he 
had  been  on  the  stump  for  every  Re- 
publican presidential  candidate  for  the 
past  sixty  years,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Chicago  convention  that  nominated 
Lincoln  for  the  presidency.  For  the 
past  thirty  years  he  has  been  a  practis- 
ing attorney  in  Washington,  D.  O, 
where  he  was  legal  advisor  for  several 
South     American     countries. 

Although  advanced  in  years,  Mr. 
Hazelton  still  retained  those  pleasing 
qualities  which  made  him  always  much 
sought  after  as  an  orator,  and  he  was 
the  principal  speaker  at  the  exercises 
when  the  town  of  Chester  celebrated  its 
200th  anniversary  August  twenty-eighth 
last.  Always  deeply  interested  i.n  the 
activities  of  his  native  town,  where  he 
had  been  an  annual  visitor,  he  had 
found  time  in  the  midst  of  a  very  busy 
career  to  compile  and  edit  a  history  of 
the  -soldiers'    monument    at    Chester. 

He  is  survived  by  a  son,  John  H. 
Hazelton,    and    three    grandchildren. 


JOSEPH    MADDEN 

Joseph  Madden,  prominent  New 
Hampshire  attornev,  was  born  in  Cen- 
tral Bridge,  New  York,  July  1,  1866.  the 
son  of  Thomas  and  Honora  (Cain) 
Madden.  After  receiving  his  early  ed- 
ucation, in  the  "public,  schools  of  Keene. 
he  studied  law  in  the  offices  of  Don  II . 
Woodward  of  that  city,  and  was  admit- 
ted to.  the  New  Hampshire  bar  in  1889. 
For  several  years  he  was  associated 
with  the  late  Judge  Parsons  of  Cole- 
brook.  Later  he  established  himself  in 
Keene,    where    he    died    Sept.    2. 

An    attorney    of    marked      ability,      Mr. 


MT2 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Madden  was  admitted  to  practice  be- 
fore the  federal  court  and  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court,  and  was  promi- 
nent in  many  important  cases  tried  be- 
fore those  tribunals.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Bar.  Association, 
in  1921  was  elected  president  of  the  New- 
Hampshire  Bar  Association,  and  for 
many  years  was  president  of  the  Ches- 
hire County  Bar  Association.  In  1907 
and  191:1  he  served  as  Democratic  rep- 
resentative in  the  State  Legislature,  and 
this  year  was  a  Republican  candidate  for 
the  same  position.  He  served  also  in 
the  Constitutional  Conventions  of  1901 
and  1921.  At  the  time  of  bis  death  he 
was  chairman  of  the  divorce  commis- 
sion, and  had  only  recently  returned 
from    Europe   where   he   had    gone   to   in- 


vestigate conditions  for  the  purpose  of 
comparing  them  with  those  existing  in 
this    country. 

Mr.  Madden  was  affiliated  with  many 
social  and  fraternal  organizations,  being 
a  member  of  the  Kecne  Council  Knights 
of  Columbus.  the  Foresters,  and  the 
Kcene  Aerie  of  Eagles.  From  1911  to 
1915  served  as  captain  of  Company  G, 
of   the    New   Hampshire    National    Guard. 

In  1894  he  married  Eugenie  Chalis- 
four.  who  survives  him,  as  do  four 
brothers,  Nicholas  Madden  of  Chicago, 
Thomas  Madden  of  VvTorcester,  John 
Madden  of  Pittsburg,  Mass.,  and 
Charles  A.  Madden  of  cKeene,  and  two 
sisters,  Mrs.  Frank  Burnham  of  Nashua 
and  Mrs.  Annie  Belcher  of  Manches- 
ter,   Mass. 


RETROSPECTION 

By  Ethel  Deris  Nelson. 

They  were  beautiful  days, 
Those  days  of  the  past 
But  we  hurried  them  on, 

You   and   I. 
We  knew  not  nor  cared 
The  pleasures  they  brought ; 
We  lived  for  the  days 

By  and  by. 

It  was  a  beautiful  life, 
The  youth  that  was  ours, 
But  we  heeded  it  not, 

You  and   I. 
We  left  all  its  sweetness, 
Its  freshness  and  joy,- 
While  we  sought  for  the  days 

By  and  by. 


'Twas  a  beautiful  life, 

The  past  that  was  ours, 

And  the  wealth  of  its  knowledge 

We've  gained. 
Let  us  share  it  with  those 
Who  knew  not  its  worth, 
And  live  in  its  pleasures 

Again. 


:"  ■'  I     '  ■  ■ 


■r,J  ,  *    ,  ■, 


New  ;; 


IN  THIS  ISSUE: 

i  ERINGTX)K  A    D      AxWTON  FALLS  200th 

AN  APPRECIATION  OF  F.  B.  SANBORN 

ABBOTT  II.  THAYER  MEMORIAL 


GRANITE   MONTHLY   COMPANY 

CONCORD,   M,  H. 


I  Thfa  Number,  20  Cents 
I 


S2.0O  a  1  i    ■ 


Entered  at  the  6ost-bffic4s  at  Concord,  X.  II.,  a?  second-class  mail 


3%1-  3<*4 


'■ 


■ 


'.«■* 


■  ■'■■  '■■   ..  =§f/ 


Winter  Sunrise  on  Monadnock 

By  Abbott  IT.  Thayer. 

Courtesy   of  The   Metropolitan   Museum   qF  Art 


3«K 


MONTHI 


_ 


Vol.  LIV.  NOVEMBER.  1922 

MEMORIAL  EXHIBITION 

ABBOTT  H.  THAYER 

By  Alice  Dinsmoor 


No.   11. 


''Now,  gentlemen  take  off  your 
hats !"  This  was  the  introduction 
given  by  William  M.  Chase  to  a 
painting  of  Abbott  H.  Thayer's 
brought  for  exhibition  at  the  Society 
of  American  Artists  in  New  York, 
when  really  great  works  were  hung 
there — when  Inness,  LaFarge,  Ved- 
der,  Winslow  Homer  and  their  con- 
temporaries were  forming  a  school  of 
distinctive    American   Art. 

And  ever  since,  men  have  kept 
their  hats  ofY  to  Thayer's  work. 
Born  in  Boston  in  1849.  a  student  in 
New  York  and  in  Paris,  resident  in 
Peekskill  and  New  York,  his  latest 
and  most  loved  home  was  in  Dublin. 
New  Hampshire,  where  he  died  last 
May. 

Soon  after  Iris  death,  a  committee 
of  artists  and  friends,  including  also 
his  son,  Gerald,  were  asked  by  the 
trustees  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum 
of  New  York  to  bring  together  there 
a  collection  of  his  pictures,  as  a  me- 
morial exhibition.  Accordingly  sev- 
enty-eight paintings  have  been  ar- 
ranged in  one  of  the  galleries,  and  in 
a  smaller  room  near  some  represen- 
tative drawings.  Thayer's  intimate 
friend  and  the  most  discriminating- 
art  crtic  we  have,  Mr.  Royal  Cor- 
tissoz,  has  written  the  introduction 
to  the  catalogue. 

With  him  as  authority  I  am  in  no 
danger  of  straying  from  the  truth  in 
any  statements  I  may  make  about  the 
artist  or  his  work. 

As  a  boy  and  a  student  at  the 
Academy  in  New  York,  Thayer 
painted     dogs     and     horses    and    the 


dwellers  in  the  '''Zoo."  Daring  his 
four  years  of  study  in  Paris  he 
gained  in  his  ability  to  draw,  but 
Gerome,  in  whose  studio  he  worked, 
apparently  left  no  impress  upon  him, 
though  the  discipline  of  his  atelier 
was   beneficial. 

By  1.887,  Thayer  began  to  paint 
flowers,  landscapes  and  pictures, 
sometimes  portraits  of  women  and 
children.  Intense  lover  of  Nature 
and  of  beauty  in  the  human  face  and 
form,  his  brush  never  failed  to  re- 
spond to  their  charm.  It  is  impos- 
sible to  imagine  him  as  putting  on 
canvas    a    repulsive    object    or    scene. 

Let  us  walk  about  the  gallery  just 
now  sacred  to  Thayer's  work.  At 
the  right  on  entering  we  find  his 
"Winter  Sunrise  on  Monodnock." 
owned  by  the  Metropolitan.  A  pur- 
ple haze  lies  over  the  mountain,  its 
topmost  ridge  just  touched  with  the 
rosy  glow  of  the  rising  sun.  Row 
upon  row.  the  massive  evergreens 
climb  the  side,  rising  from  "a 
roughly  generalized  foreground" 
reminding  one  of  Corot.  Mr.  Cor- 
tissoz  says  of  this  picture,  "This 
is  one  of  the  greatest  landscapes 
ever  painted  in  America  or  any- 
where else — a  personal  impression 
of    nature." 

A  little  beyond  it,  is  a  later  pic- 
ture of  the  same  subject,  which  is 
to  me  yet  more  impressively  beau- 
tiful. The  sun  has  risen  a  little 
higher,  not  only  lighting  the  top- 
most snowy  heights  but  also  throw- 
ing a  dark,  rich  glow  over  the  bare 
.shoulder    of    the    mountain.        This 


396 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


canvas,  painted  in  1919,  belongs  to 
the  Thayef  estate.  I  should  sup- 
pose that  the  Corcoran  or  some  of 
the  other  great  art  museums  of 
our  country  would  add  tins  treas- 
ure  to   their   collections. 

With  it  should  also  go  the  ma- 
jestic "Monad  nock  Angei" — his  last 
picture  and  unfinished,,  but  elo- 
quent. The  Angel,  a  Hie  size 
woman's  form  with  dark  hair  and 
round,  girlish  face,  in  a  loose  white 
robe  such  as  Thayer  loved  to  put 
about  his  figures,  stands  With 
spread  wings  and  outstretched,  half 
beckoning  hands,  on  the  mountain 
side,  partly  among  the  evergreens. 
It  is  as  if  Thayer  had  said  to  him- 
self, 'T  will  not  leave  my  beloved 
mountain  until  I  have  bequeathed 
to  her  an  angel  form  that  shall  ever 
bid   nature-lovers    to    her    shrine." 

At  the  opposite  end  of  the  room 
is  his  "Cantas,"  familiar  to  all  fre- 
quenters of  the  Boston  Museum 
of  Fine  Arts.  A  great  pleasure 
indeed  it  is  to  see  the  majestic, 
statuesque  figure  and  the  lovely 
children  beside  her,  here  in  New 
York.  Near  this  hangs  a  three- 
quarters  portrait  of  Alice  Freeman 
Palmer,  the  early  president  of 
Wellesley  College,  lent  by  that  in- 
stitution. The  shy  wistfulness 
that  those  who  knew  that  strong, 
noble  woman  never  failed  to  find 
in  her  face,  is  there.  Close  by  is  one 
of  the  artist's  most  beautiful  an- 
gels—the property  of  Smith  Col- 
lege. She  has  laid  one  wing 
against  a  cloud,  and  resting  her 
head  upon  it,  has  fallen  asleep. 
The  face  is  girlish  and  lovely. 

For  several  of  the  pictures,  his 
own  children  have  served  as  models. 
Notable    among   them    there    is    the 


"Virgin  Enthroned"  one  of  his  larg- 
est canvases  and  owned  by  his  ar- 
dent admirer,  Mr.  John  Gellatly, 
"The  Young  Woman  in  the  Fur 
Coat"  and  "Lady  in  Green  Vel- 
vet" have  the  splendid  virility 
that  we  associate  with  Renbrandt 
and  Leonardo.  The  "Boy  and  the 
Angel,"  painted  between  1917  and 
1920,  Thayer  himself  was  inclined 
to  consider  his  best  work.  The 
Boy  of  perhaps  ten  years  stands 
close  in  front  of  a  strong,  master- 
ful angel,  whose  one  hand  is  bent 
protecting]}'  toward  him,  while  the 
other,  raised  high  above  him,  points 
forward. 

The  history  of  the  "Figure  half- 
draped"  is  as  romantic  as  it  is 
strange.  "Painted'  in  New  York 
City  in  the  80's  it  was  unearthed 
in  some  old  box  of  canvases  and 
forgotten  sketches  in  the  barn  at 
the  artist's  home  at  Monadnock, 
New  Hampshire,  in  the  summer  of 
1920.  No  one  apparently  of  the  ar- 
tist's family  had  remembered  its 
existence  during  these  thirty  years 
or  more,  and  it  would  seem  that  the 
artist  himself  had  lost  track  of  it." 
It  is  "lent  anonymously,"  and  I  am 
told  was  sold  for  a  higher  price 
than  had  ever  been  paid  for  a 
painting  by  an  American. 

The  woods  and  the  flowers  and 
the  winds,  especially  as  they  are 
associated  with  his  beloved  Monad- 
nock, were  inseparably  a  part  of 
Thayer's  very  being,  and  so  it  was 
most  fitting  that  when  "the  earthly 
home  of  his  tabernacle"  had  been  re- 
duced to  ashes,  they  should  be  scat- 
tered on  that  mountain  top  to  be 
guarded  by  the  angels  of  the  moun- 
tain and  the  clouds, 


FRANKLIN  '&.  SANBORN 

AN  APPRECIATION 


Bv  Harold  D.  Car  en 


3\7 


Franklin  B.  Sanborn,  last  of  the 
abolitionists,  disciple  of  Emerson, 
counsellor  of  John  Brown,  friend 
and  biographer  of  these  two  cru- 
saders and  their  contemporaries, 
Higginson,  Longfellow.  Thoreau, 
Charming,  Bronson  Alcott,  Wen- 
dell Phillips,  Theodore  Parker  and 
Hawthorne,  was  perhaps  Hampton 
Falls'  most  illustrious  son;  and  this 
year,  when  that  little  New  Hamp- 
shire town  is  celebrating  its  two 
hundredth  anniversary,  it  is  timely 
to  record  something  of  the  man 
whose  career  as  a  patriot,  historian, 
publicist,  and  biographer  gave  him 
world-wide  distinction. 

Frank  Sanborn  was  essentially  a 
radical,  a  soldier  of  the  common 
good.  He  played  many  parts  dur- 
ing his  more  than  eighty-five  years, 
and  each  part  he  played  well.  His 
death  on  February  24,  1917,  marked 
the  closing  of  a  remarkable  life 
such  as  is  given  to  few  men.  It 
is  perhaps  too  early  to  make  a  crit- 
ical estimate  of  his  work,  although 
his  influence  on  three  generations 
was  very  great.  It  is  a  singularly 
remarkable  fact  and  one  worth  re- 
cording that  with  his  advancing 
years,  when  most  men's  literary 
output  diminishes  and  their  activity 
in  current  affairs  become  lessened, 
Sanborn  maintained  his  Volumi- 
nous production  with  the  same  vig- 
orous bouyancy  -  that  marked  his 
earlier  years.  He  was  a  veritable 
storehouse  of  knowledge,  with  wide 
experience  covering  the  greater 
part  of  one  century  and  no  incon- 
siderable part  of  the  present  one. 
It  is  unthinkable  that  a  man  who 
molded  his  opinions  under  the  in- 
fluences of  such  a  remote  period  as 
the   1850's  and   who  was  a  leading 


participant  in  the  anti-slavery 
movement,  could  have  kept  abreast 
of  the  times  not  only  as  a  student 
but  as  a  leader  and  a  teacher  of  mod- 
ern democratic  ideals.  But  this  he 
did  up  to  yesterday,  as  it  were, 
championing  what  he  believed 
right  and  opposing  what  he  thought 
wrong;  writing  a  spirited  defence 
of  this  and  caustic  criticism  of  that; 
supporting  this  movement  with  all 
the  passionate  fire  of  his  forceful 
and  attractive  intellect  and  directing 
with  unrestricted  vigor  the  shafts 
of  harsh  condemnation  against  what 
he  considered  mistaken  ideals  and 
false   standards. 

Born  in  Hampton  Falls,  New 
Hampshire,  on  the  last  day  of  the 
the  year  1831.  the  years  of  his 
youth  became  intimately  associated 
with  the  little  town  of  Peterbor- 
ough— an  association  whose  spirit- 
ual influence  for  more  than  sixty 
years  gave  Peterborough  the  en- 
during dignity  of  a  shrine.  This 
interest  was  the  memory  of  a  ro- 
mance shattered  into  tragedy  under 
circumstances  at  once  the  most 
poignant  and  pathetic.  I  In  his 
"Recollections  of  Seventy  Years," 
written  when  he  was  seventy-five, 
he  chronicles  the  story  of  his  meet- 
ing with  Miss  Ariana  Smith  Walker 
of  Peterborough  in  the  little  church 
at  Hampton  Falls  one  Sunday 
morning;  of  his  subsequent  visits 
to  the  Walker  home,  of  the  court- 
ship that  followed,  and  of  the  hur- 
ried marriage  that  took  place  when 
her  approaching  end  was  only  a 
matter  of  days.  Sanborn  made 
many  pilgrimages  to  Peterborough 
during  his  lifetime,  to  "the  little 
wood  across"  and  to  other  scenes 
which  he  cherished  with   deep  rev- 


398 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


era  nee  and  which  he  describes  with 
vivid,  sentimental  appreciation.  My 
repeating  the  story  here  is  needless 
when  he  himself  has  told  it  so  much 
better  than  I  could  repeat  it.  No 
sympathetic  insight  of  mine  would 
be  comparable  to  the  tribute  he 
weaves  round  the  reality  and  the 
memory. 

II 

,  A.s  a  publicist  Sanborn  was  pre- 
eminently a  leader,  an  authority 
who  spared  no  one  for  the  sake  of 
nicety  of  expression.  A  hater  of 
sham  and  hypocrisy,  he  had  no  use 
for  the  social  and  political  dema- 
gogue. He  had  an  almost  uncanny 
ability  to  forecast  political  events. 
I  recall  a  notable  instance,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1912,  when  Roosevelt  had 
announced  his  hat  was  in  the  ring 
for  the  presidential  nomination,  he 
prophesied  to  me  the  outcovie  of  the 
feud  between  T.  R.  and  Taft.  He 
likened  Roosevelt  to  President  Bu- 
chanan, who  divided  the  Demo- 
cratic party  in  1860,  and  declared 
that  if  the  Oyster  Bay  statesman, 
whose  political  life  Sanborn  con- 
sidered then  at  stake,  did  not  re- 
ceive the  Republican  nomination  at 
Chicago,  he  would  not  submit  to  de- 
feat, but  would  straightway  pro- 
ceed to  organize  a  third  party. 
That  was  four  months  before  the 
memorable  cry  of  fraud  went  up 
in  the  convention  hall.  What  San- 
born told  me  was  printed  as  an  in- 
terview in  a  Boston  newspaper. 
His  opinion  was  widely  heralded 
throughout  the  country,  though  his 
dislike  for  Roosevelt  wras  generally 
understood;  and  in  the  light  of 
events  that  followed,  this  prophecy 
serves  to  indicate  the  accuracy  of 
his  political  predilections. 

I  have  said  that  Frank  Sanborn 
was  a  radical.  He  was  a  radical  in 
the  sense  of  being  unconventional. 
I  have  said  that  he  was  a  hater  of 
sham  and  hypocrisy.  The  very 
foundation  of  his  social  philosophy 


precluded  his  being  otherwise. 
The  only  aristocracy  he  recognized 
is  the  aristocracy  of  intellect.  He 
was  a  keen  and  critical  analyst,  ca- 
pable of  understanding  the  motives 
that  move  men,  quick  to  detect 
superficial  traits  and  shallow  pre- 
tense- Intuitively  he  perceived 
cause  and  effect  with  sweeping  pre- 
cision, and  through  his  long  life  he 
never  lost  the  spirit  of  radicalism 
born  of  freedom.  It  was  the  radi- 
cal spirit  which  made  him  an  agi- 
tator and  led  him  into  that  coura- 
geous circle  headed  by  Wendell 
Phillips. 

The  year  1835  witnessed  the  mob- 
bing of  William  Lloyd  Garrison  in 
the  streets  of  Boston  by  slavery 
sympathizers.  Abolition  was  then 
in  general  disfavor  except  with  a 
little  knot  of  agitators  here  and 
there,  and  anyone  known  to  be 
in  sympathy  with  the  movement 
was  .socially  and  politically  ostra- 
cized. That  same  year,  Phillips, 
just  admitted  to  practice  as  an  at- 
torney in  Massachusetts,  had  seen 
the  mobbing  of  the  friendless  edi- 
tor. Soon  after  he  threw  himself 
into  the  cause  with  all  the  ardor 
and  sincerity  of  youthful  .convic- 
tion. Seventeen  years  later,  when 
Sanborn  arrived  to  participate  in  the 
struggle,  Phillips  and  his  co-work- 
ers were  yet  regarded  as  danger- 
ous radicals. 

Sanborn  must  have  counted  well 
the  cost,  but  his  radicalism  born 
of  freedom  urged  him  into  the 
w-ork  on  the  side  of  righteousness. 
Public  opinion  had  not  yet  crystal- 
lized against  slavery,  and  conserva- 
tive business  interests  exercised 
complete  mastery  over  the  situa- 
tion, giving  of  their  time  and  in- 
fluence and  money  to  repel  these 
crusaders  for   equal   rights. 

Sanborn  was  secretary  of  the 
Massachusetts  Kansas  Committee 
during  the  dark  days  of  border 
ruffianism  and  bloodshed  when 
Kansas     Territorv    was   the     center 


FRANKLIN   13.    SANBORN 


399 


of  the  struggle  between  the  forces 
of  anti-slavery  settlers  and  South- 
erners who  wished  to  save  the  ter- 
ritory to  slavery.  To  his  office  in 
the  Niles  Building  in  Boston  came 
John  Brown  one  day,  and  of  this 
first  meeting  Sanborn  says:  "I  was 
sitting  in  my  ofnee  one  day  it?  1857 
when  Brown  entered  and  handed 
me  a  letter  from  my  brother-in-law, 
George  Walker,  of  Springfield.  He 
had  known  Brown  as  a  neighbor 
and  a  borrower  of  bank  loans  while 
carrying   on   a    large   business   as   a 

wool   dealer    He    (Brown) 

was  profound  in  his  thinking  and 
had  formed  his  opinions  rather  by 
observation  than  by  reading,  though 
well  versed  in  a  few  books,  chiefly 
the  Bible."  Sanborn  possessed  a 
keen  insight  which  at  once  aided 
him  in  understanding  Brown's  mo- 
tives and  ideals.  Of  Brown  he 
further  records:  "He  saw  with  un- 
usual clearness  the  mischievous  re- 
lation to  republican  institutions  of 
Negro  slavery,  and  made  up  his 
fixed  mind  that  it  must  be  abol- 
ished not  merely,  or  even  mostly, 
for  the  relief  of  the  slaves,  but  for 
the  restoration  of  the  Republic  to 
its  original   ideal." 

Brown  was  entertained  at  San- 
born's house  in  Concord,  Massa- 
chusetts, during  his  visits  to  New 
England  to  raise  money  for  the  de- 
fense of  "bleeding  Kansas,"  and 
Sanborn,  though  having  no  knowl- 
edge of  the  old  captain's  plans,  aid- 
ed indirectly  in  the  plans  for  the 
Harper's  Ferry  raid  which  lighted 
the  fires  of  civil  war.  Indeed,  it 
was  the  finding  on  Brown's  person 
of  letters  written  by  Sanborn  which 
caused  the  issuance  of  a  summons 
for  Sanborn  to  appear  before  the 
United  States  Senate  to  tell  what 
he  knew  of  the  event  which  ended 
so  disastrously  for  the  captain.  A 
record  of  this  brief  but  loyal  friend- 
ship which  terminated  with  the  ex- 
ecution of  Brown  at  Charlestown, 
Virginia,   on   December   2,    1859,    is 


made  both  in  his  biography  and  in 
his   "Recollections.". 

John  Brown's  heroic  figure  has 
taken  its  place  in  history,  and  time 
has  removed  him  sufficiently  from 
our  day  to  enable  us  to  judge  his 
worth  and  influence  fairly.  Contem- 
porary judgment  is  not  usually  un- 
biased but  there  are  those  who  have 
the  vision  to  determine  aforetime 
what  the  estimate  of  other  times 
will  be.  This  is  particularly  true 
in   the  case  of  John   Brown. 

Ill 

Sanborn's  friendship  for  Brown 
"led  to  unexpected  and  most  im- 
portant results."  as  he  himself  has 
recorded.  Those  unexpected  re- 
sults were  his  complicity,  indirect- 
ly, in  the  plans  for  the  foray  on 
Harper's  Ferry — the  event  which 
definitely  served  notice  on  the 
slaveholders  that  slavery  in  free 
territory  would  be  repulsed  by  con- 
flict ;  his  subsequent  summons  to 
Washington,  and,  later,  the  order 
that  he  be  arrested  and  brought 
before  the  United  States  Senate  to 
tell  what  he  knew  of  "Brown's 
treason  ;"  and  Sanborn's  sensational 
escape  into  Canada  upon  advice  of 
his  counsel,  John  A.  Andrew,  who 
later  was  to  become  the  war  gov- 
ernor of  Massachusetts. 

"I  have  met  many  men  and 
women  of  eminent  character  and 
of  various  genius  and  talents, 
among  whom  Brown  stands  by  him- 
self-—an  occasion  for  dispute  and 
blame  as  well  as  for  praise  and 
song,"  says  Sanborn  in  his  biogra- 
phy of  the  old  captain.  "1  belong 
now  to  a  small  and  fast  dwindling 
band  of  men  and  women  who  fifty, 
sixty,  and  seventy  years  ago  re- 
solved that  other  persons  ought  to 
be  as  free  as  ourselves.  Many  of 
this  band  made  sacrifices  for  the 
cause  of  freedom — the  freedom  of 
others,  not  their  own.  Some  sac- 
rificed their  fortunes  and  their 
lives.     One   man,    rising   above   the 


400 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


rest  by  a  whole  head,  gave  his  life, 
his  small  fortune;  his  children,  his 
reputation — all  that  was  naturally 
dear  to  him — under  conditions 
which  have  kept  him  in  memory, 
while  other  victims  are  forgotten 
or  but  dimly  remembered.  John 
Brown  fastened  the  gaze  of  the 
whole  world  upon  his  acts  and  his 
fate;  the  speeding  years  have,  not 
lessened  the  interest  of  mankind 
in  his  life  and  death;  and  each  suc- 
ceeding- generation  inquires  what 
sort  of  man  he  truly  was  ....  What 
more  impossible  than  that  a  village 
girl  of  France  should  lead  the 
king's  army  to  victory?  — unless 
it  were  that  a  sheep  farmer  and 
wool  merchant  of  Ohio  should  fore- 
show and  rehearse  the  forcible 
emancipation  of  four  millions  of 
American    slaves?" 

Sanborn  believed  with  Wendell 
Phillips  that  the  recognition  or 
permission  of  a  wrong  is  "an  agree- 
ment with  hell;"  that  a  nation, 
like  an  individual,  cannot  hope  for 
enduring  greatness  if  it  lose  its 
sense  of  moral  responsibility ;  and 
that  the  claim  set  up  by  the  slave- 
holding  oligarchy  that  slavery 
was  constitutional  must  be  met 
with  militant  defiance,  even  by  con- 
flict if  necessary.  This  was  the 
keynote  of  his  rebellious  youth,  an 
index  of  his  character  throughout 
his  career.  His  early  beginning 
as  an  apostle  of  freedom,  a  begin- 
ning which  was  fraught  with  great 
personal  danger,  made  him  forever 
a  staunch  defender  of  human  rights. 

Like  all  men  with  decided  opin- 
ions, and  unafraid  to  pronounce 
them,  Sanborn  was  as  thoroughly 
hated  by  some  as  he  was  sincerely 
loved  by  others.  He  never  hesi- 
tated to  say  what  he  thought,  was 
blunt  and  brusque  at  times,  and, 
occasionally,  with  his  peculiar  gift 
of  phrase,  wielded  a  scathing  satire 
almost  brutal  in  its  frankness.  He 
never,  w^hen  asked  his  opinion, 
concealed  his  thoughts,  never  equiv- 


ocated for  expediency's  sake;  and 
what  we  modernly  refer  to  as 
"calling  a  bluff"  he  revelled  in.  A 
born  agitator,  he  had  no  patience 
with  vain  pretension,  and  his  con- 
demnation of  it  cut  like  a  rapier. 
With  Voltaire  he  could  say  to  an 
opponent:  "I  wholly  disapprove  of 
what  you  say  and  will  defend  to 
the  death  your  right  to  say  it." 

IV 

Emerson  chose  Concord  for  his 
home  because  of  its  ancestral  asso- 
ciations. Thoreau  was  born  there 
and  lived  away  from  the  town  only 
for  a  few  wreeks  at  a  time.  Bron- 
son  Alcott  went  there  to  live  in 
1840,  Hawthorne  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  the  Old  Manse  two  years 
later,  and  the  next  year  Ellery 
Chamiing  wrote  to  Emerson  why 
he  had  come  all  the  way  from  Illi- 
nois:. "I  have  but  one  reason  for 
settling  in  America.  It  is  because 
you  are  there.  I  not  only  have  no 
preference  for  any  place,  but  I  do 
not  know  that  I  should  even  be  able 
to  settle  upon  any  place  if  you  were 
not  living.  I  came  to  Concord 
attracted  by  you;  because  your 
mind,  your  talents,  your  cultivation, 
are  superior  to  those  of  any  man 
I  know,  living  or  dead.  I  incline  to 
go  where  the  man  is,  or  where  the 
men  are,  just  as  naturally  as  I 
should  sit  by  the  fire  in  winter. 
The  men  are  the  fire  in  this  great 
winter  of  humanity." 

In  December,  1854,  Sanborn  was 
invited  by  Emerson  to  take  charge 
of  his  children  as  pupils,  and  in 
March  of  the  next  year  the  young 
Harvard  student,  not  yet  finished 
with  his  own  studies,  removed  to 
Concord  and  opened  a  school  in 
the  village.  He  welcomed  the  in- 
vitation, for  it  gave  him  a  means  of 
livelihood  and  an  opportunity  to  be 
near  the  poet-philosopher  and  to 
enjoy  the  company  of  Thoreau, 
whom  he  had  met  that  year  in 
Cambridge.         The     poet-naturalist 


FRANKLIN    B.  SANBORN 


-101 


had   just   published   "Walden,"   and 

Sanborn,  temporarily  editing"  one  of 
the  Harvard  magazines,  had  re- 
viewed the  book.  Thoreau  sought 
out  Sanborn  when  he  next  went '  to 
Cambridge,  but  the  young  reviewer 
being  out  when  his  visitor  called, 
the  two  did  not  meet  until  nearly 
a  year  later.  From  the  meeting 
which  took  place  at  Concord  came. 
a  friendship  which  lasted  until 
Thoreau's    death    in    1862. 

The  golden  age  of  Concord  liter- 
are  davs  was,  in  many  respects, 
from  1878  to  188S,  the  decade  dur- 
ing which  the  School  of  Philosophy 
was  held.  The  school  was  in  some 
measure  a  fulfillment  of  the  prom- 
ise of  Transcendentalism,  for  which 
Margaret  Fuller  and  Theodore 
Parker  had  labored  as  editors  of 
"The  Dial,"  the  publication  which 
was  Emerson's  dream  of  an  inter- 
national magazine.  The  school  be- 
came world  famous,  having  at  one 
of  its  sessions,  which  were  held  for 
four  weeks  each  summer,  as  many 
as  a  hundred  students.  Although 
the  Concord  circle  had  already 
lost  Thoreau  and  Hawthorne,  Al- 
cott,  Emerson,  and  Channing  took 
active  part  in  its  formation.  Em- 
erson's death  in  1S82  gave  the 
following  session  of  the  school  over 
to  studies  in  Emersonian  philos- 
ophy. 

How  far  reaching  have  been  the 
influences  of  the  school  it  is  im- 
possible to  .say,  though  certainly  as 
a  forerunner  of  university  summer 
schools  and  the  Chautauqua  it 
served  to  stimulate  thought  on 
other  subjects  than  philosophy. 
Sanborn's  leadership  in  organizing 
the  movement  led  the  other  mem- 
bers to  choose  him  secretary  of  the 
association. 

The  first  of  Concord's  brilliant 
group  to  lay  down  his  pen  was 
Thoreau.  Two  years  later  (1864) 
Hawthorne  died  in  Plymouth,  New 
Hampshire.  Sanborn  knew  Haw- 
thorne  less   intimately   than   he  did 


the  others,  for  the  author  of  "The 
Scarlet  Letter."  having  received  an 
appointment  from  his  old  friend  and 
classmate,  President  Pierce  as  con- 
sul to  Liverpool,  had  left  Concord 
early  in  1853,  and  did  not  return 
until  late  in  June,  1860.  Hawthorne 
knew  little  about  politics  and  cared 
less.  Lie  took  no  more  than  passing 
interest  in  the  social  movements  of 
the  day,  and  the  two  found  little 
in  common. 


In  his  "Recollections"  Sanborn 
tells  us  that  one  of  his  decisions  in 
early  life  was  to  do  his  own  think- 
ing. "I  saw  no  reason  why,"  he 
wrote,  "I  should  take  my  opinions 
from  the  majority  or  from  the  culti- 
vated minority— -or  from  any 
source  except  my  much-considering 
mind."  And  he  stoutly  maintained 
this  resolution  to  the  last.  That  is 
why  he  would  neither  be  gagged 
by  convention  nor  stampeded  in- 
to action  by  popular  clamor.  He  was 
a  liberal  in  politics  and  in  religion, 
and  his  independence  made  him  a 
detached  observer  of  current  events. 
His  semi-weekly  letters  contributed 
for  nearly  half  a  century  to  the 
Springfield  Republican  were  always 
written  with  refreshing  vigor  and 
were  a  source  of  inspiration  to  that 
journal's  great  army  of  readers  in- 
terested in  politics  and  letters. 

Sanborn  as  a  biographer  of  his 
friends  flings  away  all  bookish  cul- 
ture and  shows  the  sensitive  appre- 
ciation with  which  he  noted  every 
utterance,  every  incident  worth  re- 
membering, during  his  years  of 
friendship  with  the  men  who  made 
New  England  the  center  of  Ameri- 
can literature.  Perhaps  more  than 
anyone  else  he  was  better  fitted  for 
the  work.  He  knew  the  truth, 
either  from  their  own  lips  or  from 
his  personal  knowledge  of  events 
to  which  he  wished  to  give  per- 
manency. From  the  time  of  his 
going    to    Concord  he    kept    an  ex- 


402 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


acting  account  in  his  journal  of  all 
meetings,  conversations,  and  oc- 
currences, and  he  placed  upon  these 
records  the  stamp  of  historical  ac- 
curacy instead  of  leaving'  them  to 
be  shaped  by  the  mere  guesswork 
of  those  who  were  to  come  after 
him.  Events  in  which  lie  himself 
had  participated  are  so  closely  in- 
terrelated to  the  story  he  tells  that 
we  find  it  the  more  interesting  for 
the  personal  touch,  the  intimate  un- 
derstanding with  which  it  is  told, 
the  authority  in  which  it  is  clothed. 
Sanborn  made  his  biographies 
more  than  literary  reminiscences. 
He  lifted  his  subjects  into  the  realm 
of  living  memories.  Under  his 
touch  they  are  not  historical  char- 


blessed    with  long 


acters  but  people  very  much  alive 
to  one  who  studies  them ;  not 
authors  who  lived  and  wrote  for  a 
reading  public  a  half  century  ago, 
but  teachers  imparting  wisdom, 
apostles  bearing  the  message  of  a 
new  spiritual  philosophy 

Sanborn  was 
life  and  he  devoted  it  to  great 
causes.  lie  was  not  a  great  wrriter 
but  he  was  a  faithful  and  pains- 
taking one.  His  temperament 
was  essentially  that  of  the  biogra- 
pher, and  he  became  Concord's 
Boswell.  Although  the  fame  of  his 
friends  transcends  his  own,  he 
earned  a  worthy  place  for  his  name 
in   the   Republic  of    Letters. 


PROMETHEUS 

By   Walter  B.   JVolfc 

Rosy  the  snow  lies  under  my  ski 
And  the  sun  bronzes  my  face ;    . 

Glittering  sapphires  on  the  white  slope 
Dare  me  to  race. 


Morning   triumphantly   rides   on  the  crest 

Sun  in  the   heavens  is  high ; 
Onlv   the   valleys    are    dark    far    below 
lie. 


Where  the  fogi 


There  men  still  sleep  in  darkness  and  dreams ; 

Somberly  reigns  there  the  night ; 
Here  on  the  mountain  in  splendor  there  glows 

Celestial  light. 

Over  the  chasm  !  Exultant  I  course 

Swift  as  the  wind,  to  the  west; 
Aura  of   sunlight  and  streaming  white  gold 

Flung  from  my  crest. 


Prometheus  am   I !  And   I   ski   from  the  heights 

Down  over  blinding  white  snow, 
Bearing  the  torch  of  Apollo  with  me 

To  world  below, 


Ho3 


HAMPTON  FALLS  BICENTENNIAL 


Bv  Frances   Healcy 


August  24,  1922  was  such  a  day  as 
belongs  to  Hampton  Falls,  misty 
and  overcast,  with  a  hint  of  rain  that 
did  not  fall.  A  warm  day,  tempered 
in  the  afternoon  by  a  fugitive  east 
wind  that  brought  into  the  Town 
Hall  a  breath  of  the  sea,  that  sea 
that  nearly  three  hundred  years 
before,  bore  Stephen  Bachiler 
and  his  little  company  from  Old 
England  to  the  New.  On  this  day 
the  town  celebrated  the  two  hund- 
redth anniversary  of  the  seperation 
of  Hampton  and  Hampton  Falls, 
and  the  folk  of  the  latter  town 
stoutly  maintaining  that  theirs  is 
the  parent. 

The  town  has  always  been  proud 
of  her  sons.  With  the  sturdy  inde- 
pendence that  is  the  inheritance  of 
all  New  England  towns,  there  has 
been  a  liberality  of  mind,  a  touch  of 
statemanship  in  more  than  one.  and 
these  have  given  the  town  a  certain 
wideness  of  vision.  They  built  large, 
two-story  houses  on  their  well-kept 
farms,  and  the  town  has  always  ex- 
pressed prosperity  and  thrift.  The 
population  has  fluctuated  very  little, 
running  between  five  and  seven 
hundred  in  the  past  two  hundred 
years.  Farms  have  changed  hands, 
but  the  owners  have  worked  their 
land  as  a  means  of  livelihood,  which 
has  meant  that  Hampton  Falls  lias 
always  been  a  town  of  homes,  and 
not  of  "summer  places,"  and  tran- 
sient  visitors.  - 

Among  her  famous  sons  was  Na- 
thaniel Weare,  who  was  sent  to 
London  in  1682  to  settle  a  dispute 
concerning  land  titles.  His  grand- 
son, Meshech  Weare,  Washington's 
friend  and  the  first  president  of 
New  Hampshire,  lived  here,  and  his 
house  and  the  monument  on  the 
Common  are  our  most  conspicuous 
landmarks.  Frank  B.  Sanborn,  the 
Sage    of    Concord,    was    born    and 


brought  up  in  the  town,  one  of  a 
large  and  brilliant  family.  He  and 
Warren  Brown,  progressive  farmer 
and  politician  and  author  of  the  ex- 
cellent History  of  the  town,  were 
own  cousins.  Here  in  the  quiet 
beauty  of  Miss  Sarah  Abbie  Gove's 
house.  John  G.  Whittier  visited  and 
rested,  and  here  he  died.  Of  the 
next  generation,  Ralph  Adams 
Cram  and  his  brother,  William 
Everett  Cram,  have  brought  honor 
to  the  town,  and  Alice  Brown's 
books  have  immortalized  the  coun- 
try life  of  forty  years  ago. 

For  this  celebration,  committees 
had  been  appointed  and  money  ap- 
propriated at  the  Town  Meeting  in 
March.  Walter  B.  Farmer  was 
chairman  of  the  General  Committee, 
which  included  Mrs-  Sarah  Curtis 
Marston,  Airs.  Annie  Healey 
Dodge,  Air.  George  F.  .Merrill  and 
Dr.  Arthur  M.  Dodge.  Invitations 
were  sent  to  every  man  and  woman 
who  claimed  residence  or  ancestors 
here.  When  the  day  came,  nearly 
every  house  in  town  was  decorated 
with  flags.  The  helds  were  empty, 
the  front  doors  locked.  All  had 
turned  toward  the  Town  Hall, 
where  the  program  was  to  be  given. 
Automobiles  kept  coming  all  day,  in 
the  morning  for  sports  and  visiting, 
for  renewing  old  friendships.  There 
were  no  outsiders.  Everyone  be- 
longed here,  and  seemed  akin  to  all 
the  rest.  Signs  urged  each  one  to 
register.  In  the  lobby,  presided 
over  by  the  Reception  Committee, 
was  the  book,  given  to  the  town  by 
Mrs.  Berlin.  Page  after  page  was 
filled,  over  700  names  in  all.  Bows 
of  tri-colored  ribbon  were  given, 
these  bows  being  the  tickets  of  ad- 
mission to  the  hall  for  the  after- 
noon and  evening  sessions.  Writh 
the  ribbons  were  the  programs  de- 
signed by  Samuel  Emmons  Brown. 


404  THE  GRAXITP   MONTHLY 


f  i  \ 


The  late  Warren  Brown 
Historian  of   Hampton   Falls. 


They  carried  out  the  scheme  of  the  in  two  large  tents  pitched  near  the 

day      in     their      beautiful     lettering  Library   just  across    the   road   from 

copied  from  a  book  of  1722-  the  Hall,  the  Town  served  luncheon 

There  were  gain.es  and  sports  for  to  its  guests  and  its  own  people, 
those  who  wanted  to  see  them,  and  By  half  past  two  every  seat  in  the 


HAMPTON     FALLS"    BICENTENNIAL 


405 


hall  was  taken  and  the  Selectmen's 
room  and  the  kitchen  on  either  side 
of  the  entrance  were  full  of  stand- 
ing listeners.  Music  of  the  outdoor 
band  concert  drifted  in,  man)'  voices 
hummed,  there  was  a  homely,  hap- 
py sound  of  low  laughter.  Then, 
escorted  by  members  of  the  Recep- 
tion Committee,  the  speakers  of  the 
afternoon  climbed  the  steps  to  the 
platform.  Talking  to  that  audience 
was  talking  to  one's  own  family. 
There  was  no  alien  there.  We  had 
met  to  show  our  pride  and  love  for 
the  town,  and  we  found  with  a  sort 
of  happy  surprise  that  the  town  had 
woven  us  into  one  fabric,  that  we 
who  were  many,  were  in  a  very 
deep  and  real  sense,  one.  Mr. 
Parker,  minister  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  offered  prayer.  Mr.  Farm- 
er then  introduced"  the  speakers, 
binding  together  with  skill  and  tact, 
the  different  addresses. 

Reverend  Elvin  j.  Prescott  spoke 
on  the  history  of  the  -  town.  He 
emphasized  the  liberality  of  the 
fathers,  their  hearty  independence 
both  of  the  Puritan  colony  at  the 
south,  and  the  commercial  settle- 
ment at  Strawberry  Bank.  He 
used  the  church  records,  the  most 
trustworthy  source  for  those  early 
days.  He  was  followed  by  Miss 
Mary  Chase,  who  sang  to  a  justly 
enthusiastic  audience. 

The  next  speaker  .  was  Dr. 
Ralph  Adams  Cram  of  Boston  and 
Sudbury.  Dr.  Cram  told  of  his 
pride  and  lose  for  his  birthplace 
and  "fellow-citizens-"  He  touched 
on  the  past,  saying  "Although  I  hold 
no  brief  for  the  unlovely  qualities  of 
the  Puritans,  they  did  develop  here 
in  New  England  a  certain  high 
character  that  has  influenced  and  to 
a  large  extent  moulded  the  whole 
country."  He  sketched  the  town 
life  of  forty  or  fifty  years  ago  when 
all  necessities  were  raised  on  local 
farms.  Wheat  and  vegetables, 
beef,  pigs,  sheep  for  food,  wool  and 
flax  for  clothes,  candles,  soap,  shoes, 


dyes,  all-  these-  came  from  the.  land, 
and  the  householders  created  from 
their  own  raw  materials  the  fin- 
ished articles.  All  that  has  changed 
with  the  development  of  machin- 
ery and  the  hordes  of  foreign-born, 
congesting  our  cities.  Mr.  Cram 
said  a  city  of  over  1CO,OCO  is  a  mis- 
take, and  a  city  of  a  million  is  a 
crime.  With  this  increase  in  the 
size  of  the  cities,  and  dilution  of 
our  racial  stock,  have  come  differ- 
ent morality  and  ideas..  Along 
with  these  economic  and  social 
changes  has  come  a  political 
change.  For  one  reason  or  another 
the  small  town  has  relinquished  or 
had  taken  from  it,  its  earlier  pow- 
ers. The  town,  instead  of  being 
ruled  by  its  own  people,  is  directed 
by  the  state  or  by  Washington. 
This  political  situation  is  full  of 
danger,  and  already  there  are  signs 
that  centralization  of  authority  has 
gone  as  far  as  it  can,  and  that  a 
new  tide  of  decentralization  is  set- 
ting in.  In  this  new  tide,  Dr.  Cram 
sees  great  hope  for  the  future  of  the 
small  town.  With  responsibility 
and  power  restored,  the  town  can 
meet  its  own  problems  and  develop 
as  a  unit.  Transportation  diffi- 
culties, manipulation  of  crops,  all 
the  dangers  of  the  present  intricate 
and  perilous  economic  structure, 
vanish  in  a  self-supporting  town. 
Dr.  Cram  closed  by  pointing  out 
the  great  opportunity  that  awaits 
such  towns  as  Hampton  Falls, 
where  the  farms  are  owned  and 
managed  by  descendants  of  the 
early  settlers,  unhampered  by  the 
assimilation  of  an  alien  population. 
The  town  showed  its  hearty  ap- 
proval and  enthusiasm  for  its  dis- 
tinguished townsman  by  prolonged 
applause.  He  had  touched  a  chord 
in  all  hearts,  for  he  had  said  the 
thing  we  believed  and  had  longed 
to  hear  put  into  words  by  a  man  of 
power-  It  was  this  note  of  hope 
and  of  faith  in  a  living  future  for 
Hampton  Falls  that  dominated  the 


406 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


entire  day,  and  to  Dr.  Cram  belongs 
the  honor  of  putting  it  into  words. 

Mrs.  Walter  B.  Farmer  read  the 
following  poem  written  by  another 
famous  child  of  Hampton  Falls — 
Alice  Brown: 

Hampton    Falls 

O  pleasant  land  of   held  and  stream, 

Down-dropping  to  the  sea ! 
No  words  could   weave  a  dearer  dream 

Than  your  reality. 

The  sunbright  mists  bewitch  the  air 

Above  your  bowery  grace. 
And   fair  you  are, — but  ten  times  fair 

The  veil  upon  your   face 

Of    spin-drift,    salt,    and    fragrance   blent, 

The   ocean's    benison. 
Mixed  for  a  moment's  ravishment, 

And,   with  the   moment,  gone. 

And  you  are  fair  when  driven  snow- 
Lies    hollowed,    darkly    blue, 

And   fair  when  winds  of  morning  blow, 
And  drink  the  morning  dew. 

And    fair    when   orchards    richly   hang 

Beauty    on    bending   trees, 
Become,  where  late  the  bluebird  sang, 

A   bright   Hesperides. 

Mirror    of    England's    Midland    bloom 
Ribbed  with  New  England  rock! 

Our  sires,  who   framed  our  spacious  room, 
That    staunch,    enduring    stock, 

Were  not  more  leal  to  you  than  we 

Who    love   you, — nor    forget 
The   faiths  that   kept   our    fathers    free 

Arc   yours   and   England's   yet. 

The  final  address  was  given  by 
Rev.    Charles    A.    Parker.     He    too 


looked  toward  the  future,  and  saw 
the  town  growing  in  .success  as  the 
ideals  of  cooperation  grow.  Miss 
Frances  Healey  read  a  prophecy 
concerning  Hampton  Falls  in  2122 
A.  D.,  and  the  afternoon  meeting 
closed  with  the  singing  of  America, 
led  by  Joseph  B.  Cram. 

For  a  few  hours  the  Town  Hall 
was  deserted  as  duties  of  farm  and 
house  and  "company"  called  the 
people  home.  But  at  eight  o'clock 
every  seat  was  again  taken,  chairs 
and  settees  in  every  available  spot 
giving  added  room.  The  program 
of  the  day  was  given  by  towns- 
people, that  of  the  evening  by  dis- 
tinguished guests-  No  one  who 
was  there  will  forget  that  he  has 
heard  Arthur  Foote  play,  and  the 
town  will  always  remember  that 
he  helped  make  the  day  one  that 
the  town  recalls  with  pride.  Mr. 
Charles  T.  Grill ey  of  Boston  read 
and  was  very  generous  to  the  en- 
thusiastic audience.  Mrs.  Alvan  T. 
Fuller  of  Boston  and  Little  Boar's 
Head  sang  alone  and  in  duets  with 
Mr.  Charles  Bennett  of  Boston  and 
Kensington.  Mr.  Bennett,  accom- 
panied by  Mr.  Foote,  sang  two  of 
Mr.  Foote's  own  compositions.  -"It 
was  a  wonderful  audience  to  play 
to,"  one  of  the  artists  said.  Fit- 
tingly, the  celebration  closed  with 
a  dance  of  the  young  people,  to 
whom  the. future  belongs. 


MISS   HEALEY'S   PROPHECY 


The  east  wind  blows  in  from  the  sea 
Across    the    town    eternally. 
Two  hundred  years  ago  it  passed 
Through  virgin  timber.     And  the  last 
Old   house  it  whispered  over  then 
Is  gone.     Has  this  new  age  of  men 
Built  more  enduring  homes  than  they, 
Our  fathers  of  an  earlier  dav? 


HAMPTON   FALL'S  BICENTENNIAL  407 


What  will  the  east  wind  blow  across 
These  coining  years  ?     There  will  he  loss 
Of  landmarks  known  to  yon  arid  me. 
Of  all  these  orchards,  scarce  a  tree 
With  roughened,  gnarled  houghs,  will  hear 
Apples,   where  once  great  orchards   were. 
And  houses,  homes  of  joys  and  tears. 
Will  be   forgot  uncounted   years. 

Yet  dear,   quaint  names   will   last.     Who  can 
Forget  Drinkwater  Road,  and  Frying- Pan? 
Or  Brimstone  Hill,  its  smoking  lid 
Clamped   with  the   starry-pointing  pryamid 
Of    Holy    Church?     The    Common    too. 
Shaded   by   antic    maples,   through 
Whose  leaves,  windswept,  the  sun  pours  down 
On  sons  and  daughters  of  the  town. 

The  sons  and  daughters  !     They  will  beat- 
Names  dear  to  us.     And   they  will   share 
This    fair  town's  honor  and   heritage 
Binding  them  to   our   earlier  age. 
Sanborn    and    Batchelder,    Prescott,    Brown, 
These  are  the  names  that  built  our  town. 
Janvrin  and  Farmer,  Dodge  and  Weare. 
Cram   and    Moulton,   Lane.    Pevear, 
Healey  and  Merrill  Greene,  all  these 
Names  endure  in  our  histories. 

The  east  wind  sweeping  in  from  the  sea 
Will   find   strange  houses   where   ours  be. 
More  and  statelier,  shadowed  by  wings 
Of  swiftest  airplanes.     The  ether  sings. 
Hums  and  whirrs  in  myriad  keys 
Perpetual,  vibrant  mysteries. 
Ethereal   voices    from   some  bright   star. 
And  shouts  of  heroes  centuries  dead 
Will    be   caught    up    and    heard    and    read. 
Caesar,   rallying   legions   in   Gaul. 
Boadicea,   the   thin,   shrill   call 
Of    Jericho    trumpets. — every    man. 
Every   sound   since   the   world   began. 

Then  men  will  acknowledge,  as  men  now  should. 

One   holy,   eternal   brotherhood. 

And  they  will  look  back  on  this  age  of  oun 

That   slowly   conquers    physical    powers 

As  an  age  of  beginnings,  of  gropings  blind, 

For  the   holier,   mightier  powers   of  mind. 


rs 


408  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


Some    few  old    logics   may  care   to  drive 
An    automobile:,    though    half -alive 
The  neighbors  think  such  doddering   folk; 
For  sixty  miles  an  hour's  a  joke  ! 

And    railroads,    antiquated    long, 

Are  quaint,  remembered  things  of  song. 

Comforts    and    labor-helps    will    then 

Fill  every  house.     In  some  dark  den 

Of   ancient   store-room   may  be   hid 

Quaint   coal-hods.   Grandma's   dear   stove-lid, 

And  some  may  have  a  whole  cook-stove 

With    all    attachments     Treasure-trove 

To  antiquarians   that   will  be ! 

And  some  new  modern  house  that  we 

Think  of  as  grand  and  up-to-date 

Will  seem  to  them  most  antiquate ! 

And  they  will  shake  their  heads  and  say 

"Men  built  well  in  that  early  day ! 

Those  good  old  days  of  nineteen  twenty 

With  lumber  cheap  and  workmen  plenty! 

Such  timbers  as  we  never  see 

In   twenty-one   hundred  and   twenty-three! 

"And  they  had  time,  our  ancestors, 
To  play,  to  celebrate  !     Their  doors 
Were  freely  open  to  guests !     They  ate 
Enormous  piles   of   food !     A  plate 
Was   heaped !     While   we   but   swallow 
A  dinner  pill !     And  know  to-morrow 
We'll  have  another.     It  must,   I  think, 
Have  been   great   fun   to   eat   and   drink 
With  all  your   folk  three  times  a  day ! 
But  the  modern  is  the  easier  way!" 

Perhaps    two    hundred    years    from    now. 

When  you  and  I  have  long  been  ghosts, 

We'll    visit   Hampton    Falls   again 

And   wander  through  the  towns  with  hosts 

Of  our  forefathers.     How  we'll  laugh 

Together,   we   and   they!     And   find 

Though  years  and  centuries  pass,  not  half 

The  difference  we  thought  to  see.     Man's  mind 

Has  little  change,  and  swept  away 

TIT  inventions  of  our  hurried  day, 

The   men    of    seventeen    twenty-two 

Were  not  unlike  the  rest  of  you. 

Nor  will  they  centuries  after  me 

Be  greatly  changed  essentially. 


'-to^ 


TRAGEDIES  IN  MY  ANCESTRY 

By  Rev.  Roland  D.  Sawyer 


It's  the  great  tragedies  that  grip. 
either  in  fiction,  drama,  or  history. 
There  is  in  the  human  mind  a  cer- 
tain fear,  dread,  perhaps  sad  mem- 
ory, which  gives  a  psychological 
basis  for  keen  response  to  the  tragic. 
We  read,  watch  or  listen  breathless- 
ly :  then  go  away  to  ponder  and 
never  forget.  In  twenty  years'  study 
of  such  scraps,  notes,  records  of  my 
ancestry  as  I  have  been  able  to  find, 
it  is  the  tragic  things  that  stand  out 
before  me.  When  read  and  dug  out 
from  original  sources,  the  tragic 
things  stand  before  us  with  vivid-. 
ness.  I  see  with  all  its  surround- 
ing pathos,  the  body  of  a  seventeen 
year-old  lad  (Betfield  Sawyer)  drag- 
ged from  Smith's  River  in  Danbury, 
and  taken  to  the  rude  home  in 
Hill — then  laid  away  in  the  little 
family    yard    beneath    the    pines. 

1  see  time  and  time  again,  scarlet 
fever  and  diphtheria  enter  the  over- 
crowded households,  and  I  feel  the 
wearing  care,  the  fears,  the  sadness 
of  the  fathers  and  mothers,  as  per- 
haps one,  two,  or  even  four  of  the 
little  ones  are  taken  away  to  the 
Churchyard.  I  see  the  widow  with 
her  children  clinging  about  her,  as 
the  broken  form  of  the  husband  and 
father  is  brought  home,  dying  or 
dead,  from  accident,  drowning,  or  a 
fall.  Ah!  the  life  of  our  brave  an- 
cestors in  harsh  N-evv  England  was 
hard  and  full  of  sorrows  in  those 
days  of  insufficient  equipment,  to 
withstand  the  climate  and  give  com- 
fort. 

I  want  to  speak  here  of  three  such 
tragedies. 

First,  I  take  up  the  scourge  of 
diphtheria.  More  dreadful  a  hun- 
dred-fold than  small  pox  ever  was. 
It  originated  in  1735,  in  Kingston, 
within  six  miles  of  where  I  was  born. 
and  where  my  ancestors  had  lived. 
Tradition   said  it   started  from  a   sick 


hog.  The  germ  theory  of  the  spread 
of  disease  was  unknown.  Sick  chil- 
dren were  hugged  and  kissed  by 
weeping  parents,  brothers  and  sisters. 
Funerals  were  public.  It  is  easy  to 
imagine  the  havoc  it  made.  Into  the 
farilly  of  my  great,  great  great- 
grand-father  it  came.  Two  years  be- 
fore scarlet  fever  had  taken  two 
small  children,  now  diphtheria  took 
three  more ;  taking'  five  of  the  nine 
children  from  the  home.  What  sor- 
row— depressing,  deadening,  it  must 
have  left.  (Yet  even  in  tragedy, 
there  comes  comedy.  The  clergy- 
men furnished  it  in  this  case.  They 
held  a  solemn  conclave  of  prayer 
throughout  the  New  Hampshire 
colony,  and  finally  put  forth  the 
solemn  judgment,  that  the  plague 
was  a  visitation  from  God  up- 
on the  people,  because  they  did  not 
pay  their  ministers  on  time.  And 
they  pointed  out  as  proof,  the  fact 
that  Massachusetts  had  a  law  com- 
pelling prompt  and  full  payment, 
and  that  hence  Massachusetts  had 
no  plague.) 

I  pass  from  Kensington  up  into 
the  old  settlement  at  Hill.  Here 
scarlet  fever  takes  the  only  two 
children  of  the  strong  young  hus- 
band and  wife,  one  aged  three,  the 
other  one.  The  husband  is  unlet- 
tered, but  he  is  a  rude  philosopher, 
such  as  Soutarev  and  Bonderev,  who 
had  such  influence  on  Tolstoy.  He 
says  I  will  not  bring  children  into 
the  world  to  die.  What's  the  use? 
He  leaves  his  wife,  refuses  to  again 
co-habit  and  goes  off  and  lives  alone; 
years  later  he  becomes  a  lay  Univer- 
salist  preacher.  David  Sawyer  was 
wrestling  with  the  world-old  prob- 
lems, over  which  every  generation 
has    labored    and    sobbed    and    sighed. 

Once  more  I  turn  back  south,  and 
1  stop  beside  "Suicide  Pond,"  near 
Whittier's    home;    and    its    sad    story 


410  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

greatly  impressed  the  great  poet,  and  seventeen,  she  had  once,  with  a  hired 
he  wrote  his  poem  upon  it.  There  man  on  the  place,  violated  the  sanc- 
the  quiet,  beautiful  and  shy  maid, en.  tions  of  morality.  And  he.  poor 
loved  by  all.  drowned  herself  at  the  dupe,  felt  in  the  harsh  judgment  of 
age  of-  22.  One  of  my  ancestors  the  standards  of  Puritanism,  that  she 
loved  'the  maiden;  proposed  to  her  was  thus  unfitted  to  be  his  wife. 
marriage..  She.  in  the  purity  of  her  Clothed  in  the  carefully  ironed  dress 
heart.  ,  her  sweet  nature  and  quick  she  had  hoped  to  be  her  wedding  gar- 
conscience,  \vou':d  not  allow  him  to  merit,  she  threw  herself  into  the  pond: 
marry  her,  without  her  telling  him,  he  lived  to  be  87,  unwedded,  lonely 
that    years  before,     when    a  maid  of  and   sad.     The   tragedy  of   ignorance. 


THE  BLACK  ROCK  OF  NANTASKET 

By  Alice  Sargent  Krikorian 

What  great  upheaval  in  the  ages  past 

Raised  your  huge  shape  above  the  ocean  bed  ? 

What  changes,   inconceivable  and  vast, 

Sen:  the  waves  tossing  round  your  massive  head-' 

The  lights  send  signals  to  you  through  the  mist 

From   far  away  across  the  hurtling  sea, 

The  waves  croon  softly,  by  the  moonbeams  kissed. 

And  stars  come  out  to  keep  you  company. 

Our  lives  are  like  the  ships  that  pass  you  by 

Drifting  so  swiftly  to  Eternity, — 

While  there,  grim,  hxed,  immovable  you  lie 

Looking  with   steadfast  eves   out  toward  the   sea. 


URANIA:  MUSE  OF  ASTRONOMY 

By  Louise  Patterson   Guyol 

Great  mother  to  the  little  stars,  who  cry 

And  huddle  close  about  your  skirts,  afraid; 

White  queen   of  constellation-haunted   shade ; 

You  walk  the  unknown  places  of  the  sky 

Where    foreign   moons   and   alien   planets   fly. 

In  space  and  darkness  terribly  arrayed 

Where  even  a  sun  would  shudder  to  have  strayed 

You  have  \our  throne,  with  heaven  and  hell  near  by. 

Goddess,  your  heart  is  gentle  as  Love,  I  know, 

But  you  have  eyes  deeper  than   Death.     Your  hand 

Is  kind,  but  foolish  people  here  below 

Cannot  believe  beauty  so  great  and  grand 

Heeds   little   things:  "they   think   themselves    forgot. 

Only  the  wise,  who  know  you,   fear  you  not. 


BARB  INGTON  CELEBRATES 


By  Morion   Hayes   JViggiv. 


*<n 


The  picturesque  old  town  of  -Bar- 
ring-ton, arrayed  in  gala  attire  and 
aided  by  perfect  weather,  indeed 
did  itself  proud  in  the  four-day 
celebration  of  the  two-hundredth 
anniversary  of  its  incorporation. 
August  nineteenth,  twentieth,  twen- 
ty-first and  twenty-second.  It 
could  be  said  without  danger  of  ex- 
aggeration that  it,  as  a  whole,  was 
the  grandest  and  most  successful 
event    taking    place    within    its   bor- 


ders  during    it! 


long    and   eventful 


history 

On  Saturday  afternoon  and  even- 
ing of  the  nineteenth,  the  celebra- 
tion was  opened  by  a  .sale  and  en- 
tertainment in  the  Congregational 
Church,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Bar  ring  ton  Woman's  Club.  The 
entertainment  proved  to  be  excel- 
lent. The  entertainers — J.  F. 
Hicks,  solist;  Miss  Norma  and 
Mr.  J.  L.  Slack,  cornetists;  and 
Mrs.  Leonard  Merrill,  reader — 
were  at  their  best  and  were  great- 
ly appreciated  by  a  large  and  en- 
thusiastic audience.  The  proceeds 
of  the  sale  netted  a  very  consider- 
able .sum  toward  the  new  commu- 
nity house  which  is  to  be  erected 
as  soon   as  funds   become   available. 

The  Congregational  Church  was 
crowded  at  the  eleven  o'clock  ser- 
vice Sunday  morning  to  hear  the 
anniversary  sermon  delivered  by 
the  l'cv.  Francis  O.  Tyler,  pastor 
of  the  church.  Rev.  Mr.  Tyler  was 
assisted  in  the  service  by  the  Rev. 
Chester  W.  Doe  of  Strafford  in 
recognition  of  the  fact  that  during 
the  first  ninety-eight  years  of  its 
history,  Strafford  was  a  part  of 
Barrington. 

Directly  following  this  service 
the  congregation  went  to  the  site 
of  the  first  Meeting  House  of  the 
Town.     Here  a  tablet,  placed  there 


by  the  Congregational  Christian 
Endeavor  Society,  was  unveiled. 
This  service  took  place  after  the 
choir,  accompanied  by  two  cor- 
nets, marched  to  the  scene  singing 
"'Come  to  the  Church  in  the  Wild- 
wood."  This  was  followed  by  read- 
ing of  the  Scripture  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Tyler  and  prayer  offered  by  Mr. 
Doe.  The  tablet  was  unveiled  by 
little  Virginia  Lougee,  a  descend- 
ant in  the  seventh  generation  from 
"the  first  deacon  of  the  Church, 
Hezekiah   Hayes. 

Following  this  ceremony  an  ad- 
dress, "The  History  of  the  First 
Congregational  Church,"  was  de- 
livered by  Morton  H.  Wiggin,  a  de- 
scendant from  Deacon  Haves  in  the 


iixth       generation, 


Mr.      Wiggin 


said  as  an  introduction  that 
full  appreciation  of  the  early  New 
England  community  life  and  spirit 
could  be  obtained  only  by  import- 
ant co-factors,  politics  and  relig- 
ion, and  of  these  two  religion  as 
centered  about  the  old  meeting 
houses  was  the  more  important. 
He  then  spoke  of  the  derivation  of 
the  term  "Barrington"  as  from  the 
early  English  walled  "Tun"  or  town 
of  the  clan  of  "Boerings"  or  "Bar- 
ings." The  speaker  then  laid  a 
political  foundation  to  the  address 
by  briefly  mentioning  the  steps 
leading  to  the  building  of  the  First 
Meeting  House,  namely :  the  grant 
made  by  the  General  Court  of  Mas- 
sachusetts to  the  town  of  Ports- 
mouth in  1672,  in  reward  for  a  do- 
nation made  by  Portsmouth  to 
Harvard  College ;  the  failure  of 
Portsmouth  to  apply  for  the  grant 
and  the  subsequent  grant  by  the 
General  Court  of  New  Hampshire 
in  1719  of  the  "Two  Mile  Slip"  or 
"New  Portsmouth"  to  a  group  of 
opulent    Portsmouth    merchants   in- 


412 


THE  GRANITE  MONTH  in- 


terested in  iron  mining  along  the 
banks  of  the  Lamphrey  River.  It 
was  of  great  interest  that  the  speak- 
er noted  that  the  old  line  marking 
the  upper  boundary  of  this  "Slip" 
passed  directly  in  front  of  the  tab- 
let being  dedicated  and  that  it 
crossed  The  road  at  a  point  where 
many  of  the  listening  audience 
were   standing. 

Because  the  town  of  Portsmouth 
generously  voted  to  repair  H.  M,  S. 
"Harrington,"  that  town  was  given 
a  tract  of  land  west  of  the  Dover 
line   six     miles    wide     and   thirteen 


in  Portsmouth  which  appropriated 
two  hundred  pounds  for  a  meeting 
house  thirty-six  by  forty-four.  This 
was  commenced  at  the  foot  of 
Waldron's  Hill,  but  not  being  cen- 
trally located,  was  removed  to  the 
site  which  the  dedicated  tablet 
marks,   where  it  was  completed. 

ttr.  YYiggin  then  spoke  of  the  call 
given  by  the  town  to  Rev.  Joseph 
Prince,  a  missionary-evangelist  of 
note,  who  formed  the  First  Congre- 
gational Church,  June  18,  1755,  and 
served  as  its  pastor  for  thirteen 
years,    during   which    time    the    rec- 


Kga 


Tablet — Site  of  First  Meeting  House 


miles  long,  which  now  -includes  the 
towns  of  Harrington  and  Strafford. 
The  date  of  the  charter  for  the 
town  of  Barrington  as  well  as  Ches- 
ter, Nottingham  and  Rochester, 
was  May  8,  1722.  Since  there  was 
provision  that  a  meeting-house 
must  be  built  within  seven  years 
and  the  support  of  preaching  in  the 
charter,  the  religious  history  of  the 
town  begins  at  that  point.  The 
speaker  spoke  first,  in  this  connec- 
tion, about  the  four  parsonages 
which  have  served  the  Congrega- 
tional Church.  Me  then  spoke 
about      the      town      meeting      held 


ords  show  that  he  always  received 
his  salary  promptly.  He  next 
spoke  of  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Balch, 
a  Harvard  graduate  and  chaplain 
during  the  war  of  1812  on  the  U.  S. 
S.  "Ranger,"  who  received  a  prince- 
ly salary,  since  Barrington  was, 
during  the  latter  part  of  his  thir- 
ty-one year  pastorate,  the  third 
largest  town  in  the  state ;  of  the 
fact  that  he  is  the  only  pastor  of 
the  church  ever  buried  in  the  town ; 
of  the  memorial  service  in  1912  in 
which  his  remains  were  removed 
from  the  Old  Parsonage  Lot  to  Oak 
Hill  Cemetery.       The  pastors  serv- 


HARRINGTON   CELEBRATES 


41.1 


lng  the  Old  Church  were  then  com- 
mented  upon. 

The  building  of  the  new  Church 
in  1840  and  the  new  Town.  Hall  in 
1854,  taking  away  both  capacities 
of  this  old  building,  necessitating 
the  selling  of  it  to  be  removed  to 
a  no  t  h  e  r  s  pot  a  s  a  d  vv  el  ling  w  a  s 
dwelt  upon.  Mr.  W'iggin  next  de- 
scribed the  Old  Church  as  of  a 
plain  exterior,  with  pitch  roof  and 
two'docs  in  front  and  with  no  stee- 
ple .The  ornate  interior  with  its 
great  sounding-board  over  the  highl- 
and richly  carved  pulpit,  the  pen-like 


who  is  a  desccendant  of  Deacon 
Hayes  in  the  fifth  generation,  spoke 
of  the  first  Deacon,  Hezekiah  Hayes; 
of  his  advent  from  Dover  to  Har- 
rington, his  marriage  to  the  daugh- 
ter of  Captain  William  Cate  of  the 
Cate  Garrison,  his  service  in  the 
Revolution  and  the  large  number  of 
his  descendants.  He  spoke  of  the 
long  public  service  of  Deacon  Ben- 
jamin Hayes,  of  Deacon  John  Gar- 
land of  Green  Hill,  recalling  con- 
cerning the  latter  the  story  of  the 
stern  command  to  his  son  to  go  out 
into  the  night  to  get  a  "back-log." 


1    ! 
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v     ;■:-.  C    ■  -:TvI.. 

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If       «! 

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t ';'  ■'  ■ 

The  First  Parsonage 


old  pew.s  with  seats  completely 
around,  the  great  gallery  around 
the  three  sides  of  the  room,  a  con- 
stant attendant  in  which  was  the 
old  negro  slave  of  Capt.  Hunking 
and  Rev.  Mr.  Balch,  "Old  Aggie"; 
of  the  lack  of  stoves  and  the  use  of 
"foot  warmers."  The  speaker  fin- 
ished his  address  by  a  brief  re- 
sume of  personages  and  events 
since  1840  and  an  eulogy  to  the  Old 
Church. 

Following  the  singing  of  the 
hymn  "How  Firm  a  Foundation," 
Deacon  Elmer  Wiggin  delivered  an 
address,  "Deacons  and  Leaders  of 
the  Old  Church."     Deacon  Wiggin, 


for  the  fireplace.  The  son  return- 
ing with  a  small  one  was  rebuked 
and  told  to  go  out  and  not  return 
until  he  had  a  sizable  back-log.  The 
son  remained  away  nine  years  but 
upon  return  brought  in  a  huge 
back-log  on  his  shoulder,  saying", 
"Here  is  your  back-log.  Father." 

Although  the  Garland  family 
moved  back  into  the  wilderness  in 
1812,  they  did  not  get  outside  the 
bounds  of  their  native  town.  The 
speaker  next  spoke  of  Deacon  Wil- 
liam Cate  of  the  Cate  Garrison,  the 
leading  figure  in  the  town  of  his 
day.  He  mentioned  public  spirited 
Deacon   Wingate   of   Madbury   who 


414 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


in  184S  moved  to  Weare,  but 
never  liked  his  new  surroundings. 
for  at  home  in  Madbury  he  was 
"Esquire  Wingate,"  but  in  Weare 
he  was  "Old  Man  Wing-ate.'"  Men- 
tion was  made  of  Deacon  Thomas 
Hussey,  father  of  Professor  T.  W. 
H.  Hussey ;  Mrs.  Judge  Knapp  of 
Some  rs  worth,  who  left  a  fund 
known  as  the  "Hussey  Fund"  to 
the  Church;  of  Deacon  Thompson, 
who  had  three  sons  in  the  Civil 
War.  one  of  whom  was  killed  in 
action  and  buried  in  the  debris  of 
Fort  Sumter,  although  there  is  a. 
tablet  to  his  memory  in  Oak  Hill 
Cemetery.  The  speaker  mentioned 
a  very  interesting  episode  concern- 
ing James  Hayes,  son  of  Paul 
Hayes,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
church,  who,  owning  the  tip  top  of 
Green  Hill,  raised  a  huge  crop  of 
corn  in  the  famine  year  of  1816, 
when  all  other  crops  were  killed  by 
frost.  Demanding  a  silver  dollar 
for  each  peck,  Hayes  made  a  huge 
fortune  for  those  days.  The  son 
of  James  Hayes,  somewhat  of  a 
reprobate,  being  reprimanded  at 
one  time  by  the  minister,  entered 
the  church,  one  Sunday  morning, 
and  with  great  noise  and  profanity 
nailed  up  the  door  of  his  pew.  Dea- 
con V/iggin  mentioned  as  deacons 
of  the  new  Church,  Deacon  Joseph 
Babb,  Deacon  J.  R.  Drew,  Deacon 
Samuel  C.  Ham,  Deacon  William 
C.  Buzzell,  brother  of  Captain 
Lewis  Buzzell  of  Company  F„ 
Thirteenth  New  Hampshire  Vol- 
unteers, who  was  killed  leaiding 
his  men  against  the  enemy  at  Suf- 
folk, Virginia ;  Deacon  Horace  G. 
Carter  and  the  deacons  now  serv- 
ing with  the  speaker,  William  B. 
Swaine  and  George  B.  Haley.  The 
address  ended  with  a  eulogy  to  the 
sacrifice  made  by  the  faithful  church 
members  of  the  past. 

This  impressive  dedication  cere- 
mony was  concluded  by  the  singing 
of  "America." 

Sunday      evening      "Old     Home 


Vespers"  were  held  with  a  filled 
church  auditorium  in  attendance. 
The  Vespers  were  opened  with  a 
song  service  followed  by  the  read- 
ing of  Scripture  and  prayer  by  the 
pastor,  Rev.  Mr.  Tyler.  Miss  Hil- 
ma  Anderson  of  Everett,  Massachu- 
setts, sang  a  selected  solo  that  was 
much  appreciated.  The  address  of 
the  evening  was  given  by  Mr. 
Thomas  C.  Ham  of  New  York,  who 
took  as  his  subject  "Where  there  is 
no .  vision,  the  people  perish" — 
Prov.  29:  18.  Mr.  Ham,  who  is 
the  son  of  the  late  Deacon  Samuel 
C.  Ham,  began  his  address  by  a 
series  of  reminiscences  of  his  boy- 
hood days  and  the  good  influences 
which  surrounded  him.  His  main 
address  was  devoted,  however,  to 
the  alarming  decadence  of  the  New 
England  rural  town,  Barrington 
being  one  which  is  a  good  exam- 
ple. He  did  not  confine  himself, 
however,  to  a  delineation  of  these 
tendencies,  but  came  out  with  a 
straight-forward  constructive  pro- 
gram for  every  rural  community 
which  to  his  mind  wrould  strike  at 
at  the  root  of  rural  New  England 
decay.  His  proposals  were  as  fol- 
lows; (1)  reforestation  of  defor- 
ested areas ;  (2)  introduction  of  the 
graded  school ;  (3)  the  utilization 
of  the  water  power  of  the  town  to 
generate  electrical  power  which 
would  bring  industry  into  the  life 
of  the  town ;  (4)  renewed  interest 
in  the  Church  and  a  careful  stud}' 
of  its  place  in  the  community;  (5) 
the  formation  of  a  "Vision  Com- 
mittee," which  would  hold  before 
the  community  as  a  wrhole  a  vision 
of  a  greater  future.  In  closing  his 
address,  Mr.  Ham  pleaded  for  the 
conservation  of  the  rural  youth  for 
the  rural  communities,  and  for  a 
vision  to  be  always  held  before  the 
community ;  for  "Old  men  shall 
dream  dreams,  but  young  men  shall 
see  visions." 

Following    Mr.    Ham's   very   able 
address,  a  mixed  quartette  from  the 


HARRINGTON  CELEBRATES 


415 


choir     sang     the     "Vesper  Hymn." 

The  service  closed  with  the  singing 
of  "Abide  With  Me"  and  the  bene- 
diction. 

On  Monday  at  2  p.  in.,  there  was 
a  Play  Carnival  and  Sports  at  De- 
pot Field,  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  R.  \Y.  Giviens,  the  County Y. 
M.  C.  A.  Secretaiy.  There  was  a 
Junior  and  Senior  100  Yard  Dash, 
Obstacle  Race,  Sack  Race,  Relay 
Race,  Three-legged  Race,  Tug  of 
War,  Potato  Race,  and  Group  and 
Mass  Games.  This  feature  was 
greatly  enjoyed  by  a  large  group  of 
boys  and  young  men. 

The  concert  of  the  Schubert  Male 
Quartette  of  Boston,  assisted  by 
Dorothy  Berry  Carpenter,  on  Mon- 
day evening  was  attended  by  an  en- 
thusiastic audience  which  taxed  the 
capacity  of  the  Congregational 
Church,  and  was  generally  acclaim- 
ed the  treat  of  the  anniversary.  The 
rendering  of  the  "Vocal  March," 
"Arion  Waltz,"  "Aloha"  and  "Songs 
of  Home"  by  the  quartette  were  en- 
thusiastically greeted  and  many  en- 
cores were  responded  to.  Dr. 
Ames,  in  his  rendering  of  the 
"Roses  of  Picardy"  and  the  work 
of  the  bass,  Mr.  McGowan,  were 
very  well  received.  Miss  Carpen- 
ter, the  reader,  took  the  audience 
by  storm  in  the  recital  of  "Daddy 
Long  Legs."  "A  Model  Letter"  and 
"A  Joy  Ride." 

Tuesday  was  the  great  day  of  the 
anniversary,  beginning  with  a  band 
conceit  at  9:30  a.  m.  by  the  Bar- 
rington-Northwdod  Band,  E.  L. 
Wiggin,  director.  At  11  a.  m.,  with- 
out delay,  the  anniversary  parade, 
one  of  the  finest  ever  held  in  this 
section,  started.  It  was  headed  by 
Chief  Marshal  William  S.  Davis 
and  Assistant  Marshal,  George 
B.  Leighton,  followed  by  the  Bar- 
rington-Northwood  Band.  In  the 
rear  of  the  Band  marched  the  com- 
bined John  P.  Hale  Council  of  Bar- 
rington  and  the  B.  W.  Jenness 
Council   of   Strafford,  Junior  O.   U. 


A.  M.,  there  being  about  one  hun- 
dred men  in  line,  an  array  of  thirty- 
three  beautifully  decorated  floats, 
followed  by  a  detachment  of  World 
War  Veterans  in  line  of  march  and 
Civil  War  Veterans  in  automobiles. 
Automobiles  lined  both  sides  of  the 
line  of  inarch  for  nearly  half  a  mile, 
the  line  of  march  being  from  Oak 
Hill  Cemetery  through  the  East 
Village  and  a  counter  march  back 
through  the  East  Village  to  the  Con- 
gregational Church.  The  judges  of 
the  parade,  Mr.  C.  C.  Copeland  of 
Boston,  Mr.  Newall  of  Boston  and 
Mr.  Thomas  C.  Ham  of  New  York, 
awarded  the  prizes  as  follows  ac- 
cording to  (1)  appropriateness,  (2) 
detail,  (3)  originality :  First  prize, 
West  Barrington — a  log  cabin,  the 
interior  decorated  with  old-fash- 
ioned furniture  and  implements,  the 
detail  complete  even  to  a  fire  place. 
Second  prize,  Fred  Stone — a  beau- 
tifully decorated  team  with  historic 
background.  Third  prize,  John  P. 
Hale  Council,  Junior  O.  U.  A. 
M. — a  large  truck  decorated  with 
national  colors  with  four  soldiers 
guarding  the  Goddess  of  Liberty. 
Fourth  prize,  Madbury  Industries-— 
a  decorated  truck  with  a  complete 
barnyard  scene.  Other  floats  de- 
serving particular  mention  were  the 
beautiful  Girls'  Club  Car,  the  Con- 
gregational Church,  the  advertising 
car  of  A.  L.  Calef,  the  complete 
blacksmith  shop  of  William  Palmer 
and  the  Woman's  Club.  All  of  the 
floats  showed  originality  and  tasty 
design  and  were  liberally  applauded 
as   they  passed   the  waiting  throng. 

During  the  picnic  dinner  hour  a 
most  enjoyable  occasion  was  had, 
especially  by  those  renewing  old 
acquaintances  and  recounting  old 
tales. 

At  1  :30  p.  m.  the  Old  Home  ex- 
ercises took  place.  These  were 
opened  by  a  selection  by  the  band 
and  prayer  by  Rev.  Francis  O. 
Tyler.  The  address  of  welcome 
was   delivered    by    Charles   A.   Tib- 


416 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


belts.   Pros  id 
Old   Garrisoi 
Robert  Bood 
local  poet;  al 
rison,     was    i 
nephew.     M< 
of  Stra fiord. 
of    the    day 
John    Scales 
tioductory    r 
minutes,    he 
presiions     h 
came    to    Ba 
rears  ago,  01 


ent  of  the  Day.  "The 
1,"  a  poem  written  by 
ey  Caverl}-,  trie  famous 
3 out  the  old  Gate  Gar- 
recited  by  his  grand- 
ister  Robert  Caverly 
The  historic  address 
was    delivered    by    Air. 

of  Dover.  In  his  in- 
emarks    of    twenty-five 

spoke  of  the  first  im- 
e  received,  when  he 
rrington  to  reside,  70 
i  the  Judge  Hale  Farm. 


miles  to  the  west  was  the  Land  of 
Canaan.    ■ 

Mr.  Scales  next  explained  why 
the  town  came  to  be  called  Barring- 
ton.  The  town  of  Portsmouth  re- 
paired the  frigate  of  the  Royal 
Navy,  named  Barrington.  The  tax 
payers  got  their  pay  from  the  Pro- 
vincial Assembly  by  its  making 
them  a  gift  of  a  tract  of  land,  six 
miles  wide  along  the  west  line  of 
Dover,  and  extending  back  twelve 
miles  into  the  wilderness;  beyond, 
the  wilderness  extended  to  Canada. 


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West  Barrixgtox  Float — First  Prize 


He  came  from  his  native  home  in 
Nottingham,  where  he  was  born, 
in  a  house  that  had  been  in  the 
possession,  of  the  Scales  family 
a  hundred  years.  It  was  the  first 
frame  house  built  in  that  town, 
which  is  the  same  age  as  Barring- 
ton.  Mr.  Scales  said  that  the 
route  of  removal  from  Nottingham 
to  Barrington  was  through  Ireland, 
France,  via  the  Wild  Cat  road,  to 
the  historic  Province  Road,  over 
Waldron's  Hill,  to  the  valley  of  the 
Isinglass  River,  and  made  the  final 
stop  at  Mi.  Misery.  Two  miles  to 
the    north   was    Sodom     and     three 


Each  tax  payer,  of  record  of  1720, 
'21,  '22,  had  a  number  of  acres  in 
proportion  to  his  tax.  In  this  con- 
nection he  gave  an  interesting  oc- 
count  of  the  beginning  of  the  set- 
tlement. 

One  of  the  early  settlers  was 
Capt.  Mark-  Flunking,  a  distin- 
guished sea  captain  and  merchant 
of  Portsmouth.  Pie  built  a  large 
colonial  mansion  near  Winkley's 
Pond,  not  far  from  the  Madbury 
line.  Captain  Hunking  became  one 
of  the  leading  citizens,  and  died  in 
that  house  in  1782.  He  owned 
negro  slaves;  one  was  Agnes,  who 


BARftlNGTON  CELEBRATES 


417 


died  in  1840.,  aged  100  years.  The 
other  was  Richard,  whose  marriage 
to  Julia,  negro  servant  of  Col. 
Stephen  Evans  of  Dover,  is  on 
record  on  page  174.  Vol.  I.  of 
Dover  Historical  Collections.  The 
whole  story  of  Captain  Hunking 
was   very    interesting. 

Mr.  Scales  gave  an  extended  ac- 
count of  how  Major  Samuel  Hale 
of  Portsmouth  nought  720  acres 
of  land,  in  one  tract,  and  gave  it 
to  his  three  sons,  Samuel,  Thomas 
Wright    and    William    Hale.     Each 


where  the  lumber  was  abundant 
nil  around  them.  The  Hale.  Broth- 
ers were  mighty  men  and  the  story 
Mr.  Scales  told  was  very  interest- 
ing. 

Air.  Scales  spoke  of  the  men  who 
were  conspicuous  in  the  Indian 
wars;  also  of  those  who  have  a 
brave  record  in  the  Revolution); 
also  those  in  the  War  of  1812.  Of 
those  in  the  Civil  War  he  gave 
several  very  fine  sketches.  Among 
the  number  was  Col.  John  W. 
Kingman,     Col.      Daniel  .Hall,   Col. 


i            5 ■■."-^"'^ 

■"■.:-•■ 

#S    .  '    '               ...—  ■"•"  '"'-"■-  " 

\             '            ' 

•"-;*. 

; 

The  Catf:  Garrison   House 


son  had  a  third.  That  purchase 
was  made  near  the  close  of  the 
Revolution,  and  the  sons  came  up 
there  about  1780.  Samuel  and 
William  had  a  store,  where  the 
Judge  Hale  house  now  is,  which 
now  bears  the  ridiculous  name  of 
Norumbega.  The  account  books 
that  they  kept  are  now  extant.  Mr. 
Scales  gave  extracts  from  the 
pages,  showing  what  was  bought 
and  sold.  One  of  the  never-fail- 
ing articles  was  rum,  usually 
bought  in  pint  quantities.  The 
Hale  Brothers  also  became  largely 
engaged  in  ship-building,  having  a 
ship-yard   right   there   on   the   farm, 


Andrew  H.  Young,  Captain  Lewis 
II.  Buzzell.  He  spoke  of  Barring- 
ton's  great  scholars  and  college 
men,  of  whom  the  town  has  a  fine 
recoid.  One  of  these  was  Professor 
Sylvester  Waterhouse,  who  for 
fort_v  years  was  Professor  of  Greek 
in  Washington  University,  St. 
Louis,  Missouri.  Probably  there 
was  no  instructor  in  any  college 
or  university  who  was  his  supe- 
rior in  this  department  of  learning. 
Mr.  Scales  closed  with  a  very  in- 
teresting story  of  the  success  and 
remarkable  career  of  the  late  Prank 
Jones  of  Portsmouth,  who  was  the 
onlv      millionaire      that    Barrington 


418 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


ever  gave  birth  to.  The  story 
was  amusing  as  well  as  interesting. 
Following  a  very  well-rendered 
duet  by  Mrs.  Caverly  and  Miss 
Graham  of  Strafford,  there  were 
several  short  addresses  given  by 
Ex- Gov.  Samuel  D.  Felker  and 
prominent  sons  of  Barringlon. 
Rv  a  curious  coincidence  all  of  the 


mistic  view  of  rural  New  England, 
particularly  emphasising  what 
wonderful  advantages  came  to  the 
farmer  by  way  of  modern  invention. 
.Mr.  Austin  II.  Decatur,  of  the 
firm  of  Decatur  and  Hopkins  of 
Boston,  after  a  bit  of  reminiscing 
concerning  his  boyhood  spent  in 
Barrington,     spoke      of      the    great 


Km 


Hex.  Samuel  D.  Felker 


speakers  except  A.  L.  Felker  were 
former  pupils  of  Mr.  Scales,  the  pre- 
vious speaker,  when  he  was  princi- 
pal of  the  old  Franklin  Academy  in 
Dover. 

Ex-Governor  Felker  in  his  re- 
marks of  introduction  spoke  of  Bar- 
rington as  being  the  native  town  of 
his  parents  and  of  the  events  of  his 
boyhood  that  occurred  in  Barring- 
ton.     He     then     gave    a    very    opti- 


strides  that  business  had  taken  dur- 
ing recent  years.  He  emphasized 
the  necessity  of  better  education 
in  rural  districts,  the  value  of  com- 
munity spirit  and  co-operation.  He 
spoke  very  highly  of  the  Commu- 
nity House  project  and  urged  that 
it  be  carried  out,  pledging  his  con- 
tinued support. 

Ex-Mayor    Frank    B.    Preston    of 
Rochester   laid    before   his   audience 


BARRINGTON  CELEBRATES 


419 


an  eloquent  delineation  of  conditions 
which  were  a  distinct  menace  to 
the  country.  He  referred  to  cond- 
tions  attending:  the  fall  of  great 
empires  of  history,  and  compared 
those  conditions  with  conditions  in 
America  today. 

The  State  Commissioner  of  Ag- 
riculture, Andrew  L.  Felker,  de- 
cried the  depopulation  and  decline 
of  rural  New  Hampshire  in  favor 
of  the  industrial  centers.  He 
branded  this  policy  as  short-sighted 
and  unwise.  He  expressed  the  de- 
sire that  he  might  some  day  see 
the  farmer  and  all  agricultural  pur- 


speeches,  selections  were  rendered 
by  Airs.  Caverly  and  Miss  Graham. 
Also  the  Scotch  song  sung  by 
Master  Robert  Caverly  in  costume 
was    enthusiastically    received. 

In  announcing  the  ball  game 
which  followed  the  exercise,  Mr. 
George  S.  Ham  of  Durham  exhib- 
ited the  Old  Garrison  Bat  which  was 
won  by  the  Old  Garrison  Nine,  when 
Barrington  was  county  champion,  in 
1868.  He   mentioned     those     who 

played  on  the  old  nine  and  recounted 
many  of  the  anecdotes  concerning 
them.  Mr.  Ham  expressed  the  wish 
that    the   Barrington     nine   might   win 


■ 

M    - 
If      1  M 

-\ II    j      '                   1 

- 

Congregational  Church,  East  Barrington 


suits  flourish  as  they  did  formerly. 
He  praised  the  "old  red  school- 
house"  and  spoke  of  the  great  men 
who  were  products  of  these  insti- 
tutions. 

Professor  Frank  W.  Preston  of 
New7  Hampton  spoke  of  the  value 
of  the  practical  .side  of  education. 
He  made  particular  mention  of  the 
old  "Rough  and  Ready  Debating 
Society"  which  so  many  years 
flourished  at  Pond  Hill.  He  noted 
that  four  of  the  men  on  the  plat- 
form with  him  were  attendants  of 
that  old  society.  He  recited  a  poem 
which  he  had  composed  many  years 
before. 

During      the      interval     between 


that  day.  Mr.  A.  B.  Locke  was  the 
only  member  of  the  old  nine  present 
at   the   exercises. 

The  ball  game  at  3  :30  p.  m.  was  at. 
Oak  Hill  Field  between  Barrington 
and  Strafford.  From  the  beginning 
it  proved  to  be  a  pitchers'  battle  be- 
tween Fisher  of  Barrington  and 
Miller  of  Strafford.  Fisher  had  the 
edge  on  Miller,  striking  out  twenty- 
two  of  the  batsmen  facing  him.  His 
team,  however,  failed  to  bat  and  held 
properly,  so  Barrington  lost  by  the 
score  of  5-3.  It  was  hotly  contested 
throughout  and  much  enjoyed  by  a 
particularly  noisy  group  of  rooters. 

The  anniversary   ball,   in   the  even- 
ing,  was   scheduled   for   Calef's   Hall. 


420 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


but  the  hall  proved  inadequate,  so 
dancing  on  the  lawns  was  enjoyed  un- 
til a  late  hour. 

It  is  estimated  that  upwards  to  two 
thousand  people  were  in  town  all  day 
Tuesday,  and  to  a  person  they  agreed 
that  they  had  had  an  excellent  time. 


ppem    was    written 


The 

by  Herbert  I).   Caverly,   Clerk  01   trie 
Roger    Williams     Baptist    Church   of 
Providence,     Rhode     Island,     in    com- 
memoration  of  the  occasion. 
t 
Oh!   Barrington,   fair  Barrington, 

I   am  thinking  of  you  today. 

Twas  among  your  hills  and  rocky  rills 

That   I   was   wont   to  play. 

^  wo  hundred  years  have  passed  away 
Since   your   fair   name   you   bore, 


But  the  name  is   jus'   as  dear  to  me 
As   anj-  gone   before. 

The   honored    ones    who   founded    you, 
And    here   viewed    the   sunset    sky, 
Have    now   gone    to    their    reward 
Where   sunsets   never  die. 


th 


hardships     and      the 


They     braved 

storms, 
Till    their    hair    was    silvery    gray, 
And   for   the  heroic  deeds   of   yore 
We   honor   them   today. 

There's    history    still    for    you    to   make 
Ye  sons  of  noble  sire. 
So  keep  the   Barrington  standard  high 
And   ever    send   it   higher. 


JUST  DREAMING 

By  Frederick  IV .  Fowler. 

Just  dreaming  of  moonlight  and  you, 
Of  a  song  sweet  and  low  stealing  through, 
Of  waters  of  calm,  and  the  wonderful  charm 
Of  a  dear  boyhood  day. that  I  knew. 

Just  dreaming  of  woodland  and  dell, 
Emblazoned  by  youth's  magic  spell, 
Of  meadow  and  hill,  and  the  cool  shaded  rill 
Of  a  land  that  I  once  knew  so  well. 

Just   dreaming    of    air-castles    fair, 

With  a  world  of   romance  in  the  air. 

Of  power  and  fame,  and  a  world  honored  name. 

Of  wealth  and  of   freedom  from  care. 

just  dreaming  of  servants  at  call. 

Of  success  and  enjoyment  to  pall, 

Of  great  things  to  be  that  were  coming  to  me— 

Dreaming,   just   dreaming,  that's   all. 


THE  PROCESSION  OF  DISCONTENT 


Bv    Wililam  M.  Stuart 


V=Z< 


"He  didn't  want  to  go,  'n'  that's 
all  there's  to  it.  :  If  he  wanted  to  go. 
he'd  go.  wouldn't  lie?" 

William  Charming  Lawrence  spoke 
not  as  one  having  authority,  but  as 
one  having  a  grouch.  Nor  was  his 
caustic  remark  addressed  to  anyone 
in  particular.  As  Miss  Fleming 
would  have  said,  he  was  solitary  and 
alone — if  we  expect  the  presence  of 
one  Pete,  a  dog  of  no  particular  race, 
color  or  previous  condition  of  apti- 
tude. 

It  was  the  twelfth  anniversary  of 
William's  birth  and  in  honor  of  the 
day  he  had  been  relieved  from  the 
customary  labor  about  the  farm. 
But  he  had  hoped  for  more — a  great 
deal  more.  At  the.  county-seat,  ten 
miles  distant,  a  circus  was  scheduled 
to  function  on  this  beautiful  spring 
day  and  he  had  futilely  thought  to 
beguile  his  father  into  taking  him 
there. 

"Nothing  doing.  Willie,"-  Lawrence, 
Sr.,  had  said.  "I'm  too  infernal  busy 
to  waste  a  whole  day  looking  at 
clowns  and  monkeys.  But  I'll  make 
you  an  offer.  If  you'll  walk  the 
straight  and  narrow  path  for  the  en- 
tire forenoon  and  stick  around  with- 
in hearing  distance  so's  to  help  me 
if  I  need  you,  I'll  fix  it  up  with 
Brown's  folks  so  you  can  go  with 
them  to  the  circus  in  the  afternoon. 
They're  going  to  drive  the  car.  You 
won't  be  able  to  hear  the  calliope  nor 
see  the  parade,  but  you'll  be  m  at 
the  big  show." 

"I'll  walk  that  patli  all  right,  Dad. 
Leave  it  to  me.  Where  is  it?  And 
can  I  take  Pete  with  me?" 

"You  and  Pete  are  a  bad  combi- 
nation to  walk  any  path  except  the 
one  that  leads  to  destruction.  What 
I  meant  was,  you  must  cut  out  all 
your  usual  stunts— behave  your- 
self  all   the   forenoon,   if   you   want 


to  go  to  the  circus  in  the  after- 
noon," 

"Oh!"  breathed  Willie  with  re- 
lief, "that's  easy.  Don't  I  always 
behave,   Dad?" 

Lawrence  coughed  behind  his 
hand.  "Well,  holidays — too  much 
liberty — sometimes  have  a  bad  ef- 
fect on  you,"  he  answered-  "You 
want  to  watch  your  step.  Mind — 
no  tricks  or  funny  stunts.  The 
penaty   is — stay   at   home." 

Although  the  lure  of  the  calliope 
and  the  red-coated  bandsmen  was 
strong.  Willie  reflected,  in  sub- 
stance if  not  in  the  exact  words, 
that  "half  a  loaf  is  better  than  no 
bread,"  and  accordingly  tried  to 
resign  himself  to  the  hard  fate  of 
a  forenoon  of  inactivity. 

Hence  it  came  to  pass  that  the 
joy  of  the  lad  was  not  unmixed 
with  sorrow  and  regret  as  he 
strolled  about  the  paternal  acres 
seeking  the  wherewithal  to  amuse 
himself  until  such  time  as  neigh- 
bor Brown  should  fare  forth  with 
his  noisy  four-cylindered  convey- 
ance. 

But  where  is  the  red-blooded 
boy  of  twelve  who  would  fail  to 
respond  to  the  call  of  out-of- 
doors  and  the  satisfying  sense  of 
sweet  liberty  ?  Therefore,  into  a 
face  where  intelligence  and  frec- 
kles were  mingled,  there  gradually 
came    a    look   of   quasi-content. 

As  he  passed  the  granary  on  his 
way  to  nowhere  in  particular,  his 
eyes  were  attracted  by  a  beauti- 
ful red  window-casing  that  had 
recently  been  placed  in  the  build- 
ing. He  was  strangely  fascinated 
by  it  and  an  irresistable  urge  moved 
him  to  hit  it  with  a  stone.  There 
was  no  special  reason  why  he 
should  hit  it — other  than  its  prox- 
imity to  the  window.     But  this  fact 


422 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


added  the  zest  of  hazard  that  his 
soul  craved.  He  had  no  desire  to 
break  the  window,  but  thoughts 
of  the  probable  attitude  of  his 
fond  parent  in  case  he  unfortu- 
nately did  so  gave  to  it  the  lure 
of  adventure.  He  felt  that  he 
must    hit    that    casing. 

Searching-  out  a  nice  pebble,  he 
drew  back  his  arm.  A  thrill  pro- 
bably akin  to  that  experienced  by 
William  Tell  on  a  certain  legend- 
ary occasion  coursed  up  his  spine. 
He   fairly    tingled    with    excitement, 

The  stone  rebounded  from  the 
building  one  foot  from  the  right  of 
the   window. 

"I  kin  do  better 'n  that,  can't  I, 
Pete,  old  stockin'?"  observed  Wil- 
lie anxiously  as  he  reached  for 
more    ammunition. 

All  further  hazy  plans  for  the 
forenoon's  entertainment  were 
now  subordinated  to  the  absolute 
necessity  of  hitting  that  casing  as 
soon  as  possible.  He  knew  the 
could   hit    it.     He   must. 

Pete  wagged  the  remnant  of  a 
once  glorious  tail  and  beamed 
with  ail  the  sympathy  that  a  sin- 
gle good  eye  could  convey.  His 
moist,        excited  panting        lent 

strength     to    his     companion's   arm. 

The  next  stone  did  not  rebound 
from  the  side  of  the  building. 

It    crashed    through    the   window. 

A  startled  shout  resounded 
from  the  depths  of  the  structure 
and  the  cause  of  the  boy's  earthly 
pilgrimage  emerged,  his  fade 
flushed    with    passion. 

"Willie!"  he  bellowed,  "did  you 
throw    that    stone?" 

"Yes,"  replied  the  lad  fearfully 
and    George    Washingtonally.    * 

"At  your  old  tricks  again,  eh? 
Don't  you  remember  what  I  told 
you?  Well,  just  for  that  you 
will  take  thirty  cents  out  of  your 
bank  to  pay  for  the  window.  It's 
too  bad  you  can't  have  a  holiday 
without  trying  to  tear  everything 
up  by   the  roots.   I'd   tan  your  hide 


if  it  wasn't  your  birthday.  Now 
go  and  feed  the  brindle  calf.  May- 
be a  little  work'll  be  good  for  your 
mind." 

A  trifle  subdued.,  Willie  filled 
with  whey  the  new  shiny  tin 
bucket — purchased  the  day  before 
— and  slowly  approached  the  habi- 
tat  of  the.  brindle   critter   aforesaid- 

His  calf  ship  snorted  loudly  at 
the  advance  of  boy  and  dog,  blat- 
ted  a  couple  of  times,  jumped  in- 
to the  air  and  half  strangled  him- 
self with  the  restraining  rope  in 
his  frantic,  efforts  to  indicate  his 
joy  beseemingly  according  to  the 
caihsh    code. 

Placing  the  bucket  before  the 
enthusiastic  quadruped,  Willie 
watched  him  plunge  his  head  in 
and  audibly  quaff  the  nourishing 
fluid.  The  animal  stamped  his 
feet  with  bliss,  blowed  like  a  por- 
poise and  bunted  the  vessel.  The 
bail  lay  against  his  head  in  juxta- 
position to  one  of  his  incipient 
horns. 

The  boy  was  curious  to  know 
what  would  happen  if  the  bail 
were    slipped    over    the   horn. 

He  accordingly  slipped  the  bail 
over    the    horn. 

The  calf,  in  order  to  breathe, 
soon  attempted  to  withdraw  his 
head  for  an  instant  from  the 
bucket.  That  handy  utensil  fol- 
lowed even  where  the  calf's  head 
did  lead.  It  stuck  closer  than  a 
brother. 

Instantly  the  erstwhile  confident 
calf  became  demoralized  with  fear. 
His  morale  vanished.  He  emitted 
a  terrified  snort,  flourished  his  tail, 
humped  his  back  and  charged  blind- 
ly across  the  stable.  The  rope 
parted  under  the  strain  and  he 
struck  the  wall  like  a  shell  from  a 
French  75.  The  new  bucket  crump- 
led into  an  unrecognizable  mass  of 
tin. 

But  a  sudden  presence  intervened- 
The  father  stood  beside  the  son. 

"Whar  is  the  trouble?"  he  asked 


THE  PROCESS] OX   OK  DISCONTENT 


423 


in   oilier   than   honeyed   tones. 

"The  calf  got  the  bail  over  his 
horn  and  it  scairt  him,"  answered 
•Willie  truthfully. 

"Willie,  didn't  you  put  the  bail 
over  his   horn   on   purpose?" 

"Yes/' 

"Fifty  cents  more  out  of  your 
bank  to  pay  for  the  pail,"  thundered 
the  elder  Lawrence.  "It's  mighty 
queer  you  can't  have  a  little  liberty 
without  abusing  it.  Just  one  more 
sculip  and  instead  of  spending  the 
afternoon  at  the  circus,  you'll  spend 
it  sprouting  potatoes  in  the  cellar. 
Now  come  and  help  me  tag  the 
sheep." 

"If  we'd  a  gone  to  the  cirkiss 
when  we  ought  to.  all  this  trouble 
wouldn't  of  happened,"  grumbled 
the  disconsolate  lad  as  he  reluctant- 
ly followed  his  angry  parent. 

With  abbreviated  tail  drooping 
in  sympathy  with  his  masters's 
mood,  the  ubiquitous  Pete  acted 
as  rear  guard  to  the  procession  of 
discontent  which  wended  its  way 
toward  the  sheep-fold. 

"Your  job  is  to  catch  the  sheep 
in  that  pen  and  lead  them  to  me  as 
I  need  'em,"  the  father  announced. 
"See  that  you  hold  'em  fast  and 
don't  let  any  get  away.  I  don't  feel 
like  chasing  sheep  all  over  the 
farm." 

The  first  sheep  was  promptly 
caught  and  thrown  to  the  ground. 
The  farmer  bent  over  her,  sheep- 
shears  in  hand  and  hat  on  the 
ground.  His  -bald  head  glistened 
with  perspiration.     It  was  very  hot. 

A  consuming  curiosity  to  know 
just  what  the  sultan  of  the  flock  in 
an  adjoining  pen  would  do,  if  re- 
leased, swept  over  Willie.  He  felt 
that  he  must  know.  But  thoughts 
of  his  rapid  devolution  from  the 
heights  of  liberty  to  the  depths  of 
servitude  gave  him  pause  and  some- 
what cooled  his  ardor-  The  threat 
of  the  potato-bin  was  not  pleasant, 
either.  Then  curiosity  got  the  up- 
per  hand   again.     At   all   hazards  it 


must  be  satisfied— come  what  might. 

He  glanced  at  his  father.  That 
person  was  absorbed  with  his  task. 
Willie  opened  the  gate  of  the  sul- 
tan's pen  and  the  doughty  animal 
stalked    majestically    forth. 

For  a  time  the  lord  of  the  flock 
considered  the  crouching  attitude  of 
Mr.  Lawrence  in  silence.  He  seem- 
ed to  commune  with  himself.  Was 
this  posture  a  challenge  to  combat? 
Apparently  it  was  even  so,  for  the 
man's  head  was  thrust  out  bellig- 
erentlv  and  it  glistened  in  the  sun- 
light.' 

The  spirit  of  the  ram  was  trou- 
bled within  him.  Yea,  as  he  con- 
sidered, he  waxed  exceeding  wroth. 
His  lower  lip  began  to  twitch,  he 
shook  his  head,  baaed  softly, 
stamped  his  feet  and  backed  up  as 
far  as  the  limits  of  the  barnyard 
would  permit. 

Then  before  the  excited  eyes  of 
William  Charming  Lawrence  the 
sheep  launched  himself  full  upon 
the  poll  of  the  reverend  parent. 

Confusion,  worse  confounded, 
reigned   for   a   space. 

A  life  replete  with  battles  lost 
had  tended  to  render  Pete  a  paci- 
fist. But  now  the  din  of  conflict 
caused  his  old  time  spirit  to  flame. 
With  fine  abandon  he  hurled  him- 
self into  the  fray  and  was  speedily 
engulfed  in  the  vortex  of  man  and 
beast. 

Then  to  the  fascinated  eyes  of 
Willie  there  appeared  in  rapid  suc- 
cession the  pugnacious  head  of  the 
ram,  the  determined  face  of  the 
faithful  dog  and  the  bald  head  of 
the  father.  Over  the  swirling 
mass  a  cloud  of  dust  mercifully 
settled  and,  though  he  was  fain  to 
tell  how  the  battle  fared,  he  could 
not-  Torn  by  conflicting  emotions, 
he  could  but  wait  and  hope  for  the 
best. 

There  came  a  sudden  gleam  of- 
poilshed  steel.  The  warlike  sultan, 
smitten  amidship  by  the  sheep- 
shears  wielded  by  a  muscular  arm, 


424 


emitted    a    grunt 
hi  in  self 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


of    pain    and    de- 
from     the    hurly- 


t ached 
burl}-. 

The     tumult 
died,    while  the 
the    ruck    with 
nance. 

"Will  rum."    he  cried    in  accents 


and  the  shouting 
farmer  arose  from 
a    changed  counte- 


ild. 


head    all     stove  in?' 


Then  before  the  son  could  answer, 
the  light  of  battle  entered  the 
lather's  eyes.  He  seized  a  club  and 
advanced  upon  the  sultan  who  had 
made  a  strategic  retreat  into  a  cor- 
ner of  the  barnyard  fence  and  was 
there  waging  a  rear-guard  action 
with  the  now  thoroughly  bellicose 
Pete.  Into  this  carnage  the  farmer 
sprang  and  there  proceeded  to  in- 
stil respect  for  the  human  species 
into  the  troubled  mind  of  the  sheep. 

After  this  task  had  been  suitably 
accomplished.  Willie  heard  the 
voice  of  his  father  ask  in  tones 
wherein  suspicion  lurked: 

"Will-yum,  how  did  he  get  out?" 


;1 
But  William  Charming  Lawrence 
had  passed  around  the  corner  of  the 
barn..  He  had  no  curiosity  to  as- 
certain what  would  ensue  if  he  re- 
mained. He  knew.  And,  besides, 
he  was  struggling  with  duty  and 
desire. 

On  the  one  hand  he  could  hear 
the  voice  of  Duty  calling  in  clarion 
tones  from  the  potato-bin;  on  the 
other  was  the  lure  of  Clark's  woods, 
where  in  a  little  brook  many  hun- 
gry trout  lay  in  wait.  He  felt  in 
his  pocket.  Yes,  the  line  was  there. 
Although  Paradise,  disguised  in  the 
habiliment  of  a  circus,  had  been 
irretrievably  lost,  sanctuary  from 
the  wrath  to  come  abode  tempora- 
rily in  the  sylvan  shades. 

H is  hesitation  was  brief.  Whis- 
tling to  Pete,  he  vaulted  lightly  over 
the  fence  and  ran  across  the  mead- 
ow toward  the  mass  of  bright  green 
foliage  that  swayed  gently  before 
the  breath  of  the  pleasant  May 
zephyrs. 


EXTINCTUS  AMABITUR  IDEM 

By  Helen  Adams  Par  kef- 
He  leaned  upon  his  stick,  and  he  tottered  when  he  walked, 
And  his  words  came  slow  and  falteringly — the  little  that  he. 

he  talked— 
And  when  he  died  the  minister  hadn't  much  to  say, 
And  the  neighbors  filed  out  of  the  church  the  same  old  way. 

But  one  of  them  who'd  loved  him,  and  was  glad  he'd  gone 

to  rest, 
For  he  knew  how  bare  his  life  was — just  a  feeble  spark  at 

best- 
Crossed   over  to   the   empty   house  with   nothing   there   for 

looks, 
And  saw  ranged  on   an   old  brown   desk,   his  little  line  of 

books. 


He  took  a  Latin  Horace,  all  thumb-marked,  worn,  and  thin, 
And   opening,   read   with      filling   eyes,   a   passage     marked 

within : 
Extinctus  amabitur  idem — and  written  down  below — 
Though   dead   he   shall   be   loved   the   same, — his   words,   a 

trembling1  row. 


POEMS  425 


INDIAN  SUMMER 

By  Laura  Gar! end  Gary 
In- November  Mother  .Nature.'' 

Has  her  babies  safe  in  bed — 
Well  packed  and  softly  covered  in 

Beneath   her   leafy   spread. 

She  knows  they  will  be  snug"  and  warm- 
No  need  to  vigil  keep — 

What  harm  can  find  a  way  to  them 
When  winter's  snows  are  deep? 

And  so  she  turns  to  leave  them-— 
Smiling  backward  all  the  while; 

And  this  is   Indian   summer — 
Nature's  tender  goodbye  smile. 


LATE  NOVEMBER 

By  George  Quinter 

The  oak  shakes  off  a  leaf  or  two 

And   settles   itself   for  the  winter; 

Jt  is  eager  for  the  snow  blanket 

About   its   roots 

And  for  the  north  wind, 

That  kindles   a  weird  melody 

Against  its  widespread  branches. 

There  are  footprints  in  the  mud 
Where  November  rain  has  beat ; 
A  bear  has  been  this  way, 
Seeking  a  den. . . . 

The  hill  beyond  the  gray  wood 
Is  still  a  rusty  green.  .  .  . 


SEPARATION 

By  Helene  Mullins 
These   fields, 
The  tall,  dark  trees, 
And   restless   streams 
Are  poignant  thoughts 
Of   you 
That  gnaw 
Ceaselessly 
At  my  heart, 
And.  .   bit  by  bit.  . 
Crumble   it 
Away. 


^(o 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY  DAY 


Another  school  year  has  begun. 
Roth  of  our  norma]  schools  are 
overcrowded,  -with"  prospective 
teachers  unable  to  find  housing  in 
dormitories  and  forced  to  get  less 
out  of  their  course  because  floating 
or!  the  edge  oi  the  current  of  school 
life,  father  than  in  the  full  stream. 
Requests  for  money  to  build  new 
dormitories  at  Plymouth  and 
Keene  are  likely  to  come  before  the 
next  General  Court. 


Our  institutions  of  collegiate  rank 


are  victims  of  the  s; 


.me  ov.ercr 


owd- 


ing,  New  Hampshire  College., 
grown  in  plant  and  efficiency  to  pro- 
portions of  which  we  may  be  proud, 
has  over  1,000  students,  more  than 
she  can  care  for  to  the  best  ad- 
vantage. Dartmouth,  after  two  or 
three  decades  of  tremendous  ex- 
pansion, finds  herself  in  a  condition 
requiring  the  taking  of  stock. 

At  the  opening  of  the  Dartmouth 
year.  President  Hopkins  startled  the 
student  body  (and  the  country  as 
well)    by   this   statement: 

"Too  many  men  are  going  to  college. 
The  opportunities  for  securing  an  educa- 
tion by  way  oi  the  college  course  are  defi- 
nitely a  privilege  and  not  at  all  a  universal 
right.  The  funds  available  for  appropria- 
tion to  the  uses  of  institutions  of  higher 
learning  are  not  limitless  and  can  not  be 
made  so.  whether  their  origin  be  sought  in 
the  resources  of  public  taxation  or  in  the 
securable  benefactions  for  the  enhancing  of 
private  endowments. 

"It  consequently  becomes  essential  that 
a  working  theory  be  sought  that  will  co- 
operate with  some  degree  of  accuracy  to 
define  individuals  who  shall  make  up  the 
group  to  whom,  in  justice  to  the  public 
good,  the  privilege  shall  be  extended,  and 
to  specify  those  from  whom  the  privilege 
should  be  withheld. 

"This  is  a  two- fold  necessity,  on  the  one 
hand,  that  men  incapable  of  profiting  by 
the  advantages  Which  the  college  offers,  or 


indisposed,  shall  not  be  withdrawn  from 
useful  work  to  spend  their  time  profitlessly, 
in  idleness  acquiring  false  standards  of 
living,  and  on  the  other  hand  that  the 
contribution  which  the  college  is  capable 
oi*  making  to  the  lives  of  competent  men 
and  through  them  to  society  shall  not  be 
too  largely  lessened  by  the  slackening  of 
pace  due  to  the  presence  of  men  indiffer- 
ent  or    wanting   in   capacity." 

In  the  nation-wide  discussion 
that  followed  Dr.  Hopkins'  revolu- 
tionary statement,  there  was  ap- 
proval as  well  as  disapproval. 
Some  educators  deny  that  there  are 
too  many  college  men,  yet  there  are 
many  close  observers  who  agree 
that  in  our  colleges  there  are  a  sur- 
prisingly large  percentage  of  those 
who  cannot,  or  will  not,  profit  by  an 
attempt  to  master  the  education  pro- 
vided by  such  institutions.  The 
shrewdest  critics  of  Dr.  Hopkins 
point  out  the  fact  that,  granting  his 
premise,  some  test  must  be  found 
satisfactorily  to  determine  those  eli- 
gible to  the  "aristocracy  of  brains" 
to  which  he  would  restrict  the  privi- 
leges of  our  costly  higher  education. 

Some  of  the  undergraduate  com- 
ment, upon  the  situation  has  so 
much  common  sense  as  to  deserve 
mention.  It  is  to  the  effect  that  no 
college  should  admit  more  students 
than  may  be  given  the  full  advan- 
tages of  life  in  dormitories,  com- 
mons and  chapel,  and  no  more  than, 
with  the  existing  plant,  may  be 
given  instruction  in  groups  small 
enough  to  get  the  maximum  indi- 
vidual benefit  with  the  minimum  of 
the  defects  of  mass  education. 


The  Town  of  Dublin  celebrated  on 
October  12,  the  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  its  library,  said  to  be  the 
oldest  public  library  in  the  United 
States.  Prior  to' 1822.  there  ex- 
isted in  many  town  libraries  owned 
by  private    societies,    but    not  open 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY  DAY 


427 


free  to  the  public  Dublin  had  two 
such,  each  with  a  few  hundred  vol- 
umes— one  owned  by  a  society  of 
men,  the  other  by  a  society  of 
.women.  The  fact  that  gives  Dublin 
distinction  is  that  in  1822  the  two 
libraries  were  united  as  one,  aug- 
mented, and  made  available  to  all 
of  the  citizens  of  the  community. 
The  united  library  was  at  first 
known  as  the  Dublin  Juvenile  Li- 
brary, and  was  intended  primarily 
to  encourage  the  education  of  chil- 
dren. The  leading  spirit  in  the 
movement  was  the  Reverend  Levi 
W.  Leonard,  who  became  the  first 
volunteer  librarian.  Dublin  and 
the  state  do  well  to  mark  this  an- 
niversary year.  It  is  worth  notice 
that  the  adjoining  town  of  Peter- 
borough in  1S33  organized  the  first 
free  public  library  to  be  maintained 
by  taxation. 

It  is  an  encouraging  sign  that  the 
people  of  New  Hampshire  are  each 
year  doing  more  to  make  the  out- 
door attractions  of  our  state  more 
available.  Last  month  State  For- 
ester Foster  told  in  this  magazine 
about  the  new  Willey  House  Cabins 
which  will  do  much  to  encourage 
enjoyment  of  the  grandeur  of  the 
Crawford  Notch.  The  Society  for 
the  Protection  of  New  Hampshire 
Forests,  besides  opening  up  the 
Lost  River  to  many  thousands  of 
visitors  annually,  lias  co-operated 
with  the  state  in  making  public  re- 
serves in  various  beauty  spots,  no- 
tably the  tops  of  Monadnock,  Suna- 
pee  and  Kearsargt. 

Within  a  few  weeks  the  state  has 
received  from  Mr.  joei  H.  Poole,  in 
memory  of  his  son  Arthur,  the  gift 
of  a  strip  of  land  for  road  purposes 
which  will  make  the  Monadnock 
reservation  more  accessible.  Dur- 
ing Old  Home  Week  the  Tory  Hill 
Woman's  Club  started  an  enterprise 
to  repair  the  old  road  on  the  War- 
ner side  of  Kearsarge.  Everybody 
took  hold  with  a  will.  Some  gave 
money,     some     contributed     labor, 


others  lent  horses,  teams,  transpor- 
tation, tools.  A  road-making  bee 
was  held.  The  result  is  an  automo- 
bile road  to  the  Halfway  House, 
which  will  doubtless  next  year  be 
continued  to  the  "Garden,"  where 
the  Society  for  the  Protection  of 
New  Hampshire  Forests  has  lo- 
cated a  log  cabin-  One  ambitious 
automobile  reached  that  spot  this 
fall. 

The  year  has  also  seen  a  begin- 
ning of  the  work  on  the  projected 
trail  to  connect  Monadnock  and 
Sunapee  Mountains  by  way  of  the 
state  forest  acquired  in  Washington 
last  year.  The  trail  will  within  a 
few  years  be  an  actuality,  and  may 
then  be  continued  to  Kearsarge, 
whence  its  next  objectives  should 
be  Ragged  and  the  state  forest  on 
Cardigan.  Not  many  years  hence 
the  Granite  State  may  by  trail  thus 
lure  the  tramper  from  the  Massa- 
chusetts line  and  connect  him  by 
the  White  Mountain  trails  with  the 
rugged  north-land  •  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, thence  across  to  join  the 
splendid  Green  Mountain  trail  of 
Vermont, 


Politics  in  New  Hampshire  shows 
signs  of  off-year  anaemia.  It  seems 
impossible  for  the  average  voter  to 
acquire  enthusiasm  about  home 
problems,  even  when  there  is  to  be 
elected  a  legislature  which  will  have 
to  deal  with  rather  unusual  ques- 
tions of  taxation  and  budget.  Both 
political  parties,  at  their  late  Sep- 
tember elections,  adopted  platforms 
setting  forth  at  length  their  claims 
to  the  voter's  confidence  and  their 
aims  for  the  future.  The  Republi- 
cans cite  the  record  of  Governor 
Brown's  administration  in  keeping 
every  state  department  and  institu- 
tion within  its  appropriation,  in  car- 
rying the  new  Portsmouth  bridge 
to  its  present  stage  without  issu- 
ing the  bonds  provided  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  in  reducing  the  state  debt 
by  more  than  a  million  dollars. 


428 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


The  main  line  of  cleavage  between 
the  parties  is  upon  the  forty-eight 
hour  question.  The  Democrats  de- 
clare unequivocally  for  the  immedi- 
ate enactment  of  a  law  making 
forty-eight  hours  the  maximum 
working-week  for  women  and  child- 
rri.  The  Republicans  concede  the 
ideality  of  such  a  law,  but  raise  the 
question  of  its  practical  bearing  up- 
on local  industries  competing  with 
those  in  which  a  longer  week  ob- 
tains in  other  states.  They  favor  a 
national  forty-eight  hour  law,  and 
advocate  a  special  legislative  com- 
mittee to  investigate  and  re- 
port, during  the  next  ssssion  of  our 
General  Court,  the  facts  which  bear 
upon  the  advisability  of  New  Hamp- 
shire  enacting  a   similar  State   law. 

Both  parties  are  making  special 
efforts  to  reach  and  organize  the  new 
women  voters.  If  there  be  any 
apathy  among  the  freshly  enfranch- 
ised, it  will  not  be  due  to  lack  of  en- 
couragement. The  non-partisan  Lea- 
gue of  Woman  Voters  is  working 
throughout  the  state  to  arouse  in- 
terest and  intelligence  in  the  exer- 
cise of  the  franchise.  The  most 
outstanding  example  of  their  acti- 
vities was  a  recent  school  of  citizen- 
ship in  Keene- 


An  interesting  by-product  of  a 
sluggish  campaign  was  the  situation 
resulting  from  the  defeat  of  Fred  A. 
Jones  by  John  W.  Barker  for  the 
Republican  nomination  in  the  fifth 
senatorial '  district.  Soon  after  the 
primary,  doubt  was  expressed  as  to 
the  eligibility  of  Mr.  Barker  to  serve. 
The  constitution  of  Xew  Hampshire 
provides  that  no  person  shall  be  a 
senator  unless  he  has  for  seven  years 
next  before  his  election  been  an  in- 
habitant  of   the   district. 

Mr.  Barker,  a  native  of  England, 
had  been  actually  resident  in  Leba- 
non for  more  than  seven  years,  but 
had  completed  his  naturalization  only 
two      years   ago.       The   question      of 


eligibility  turned  upon  the  interpre- 
tation    of     the     word     "inhabitant." 

Should  it  be  defined  as  "resident"  or 
"citizen"  ? 

The  Republican  State  Committee 
discussed  the  problem.  At  first  the 
friends  of  Mr.  Jones  were  inclined  to 
press  the  question,  but,  it  appearing 
that  Mr.  Barker  did  not  doubt  his 
eligibility  and  Mr.  Jones  having  de- 
clined to  make  it  a  personal  matter, 
the  committee  decided  to  do  nothing. 
Upon  this  an  individual  voter  in  the 
district  petitioned  the  Ballot  Commis- 
sioners to  keep  the  name  of  Mr. 
Barker  from  the  ballot. 

It  was  late  October  before  a  hear- 
ing was  had  and  a  decision  reached. 
The  Commissioners,  Attorney  Gene- 
ral Oscar  L.  Young  and  Harry  F. 
Lake,  Esq.,  (the  third  member  of  the 
board,  Harry  J.  Brown,  Esq.,  not 
sitting  because  of  illness),  decided 
adversely  to  Mr.  Barker. 

The  question  was  immediately 
taken  to.  the  Supreme  Court  upon  a 
writ  of  certiorari.  There  was  a  hear- 
ing on  October  30,  and  an  opinion 
was  handed  down  on  the  following 
day  declaring  Mr.  Barker  ineligible. 
Immediately  upon  the  decision  of  the 
Ballot  Commissioners,  the  Repub- 
lican State  Committee  nominated  Ora 
A.  Brown  of  Ashland  to  fill  the 
vacancy,  and  as  a  result  of  the 
Supreme  Court  decision  his  name 
will  go  before  the  voters  of  the  fifth 
district  on  November  7. 


The  strike  situation,  as  it  affects 
Xew  Hampshire  is  still  far  from 
clarified.  Coal  is  being  mined,  but 
not  much  is  yet  available  ;  so  that  good 
old-fashioned  wood-smoke  is  seen  as- 
cending from  the  majority  of  the 
chimney-spouts.  As  the  weather 
grows  colder  the  pinch  will  become 
felt. 

The  railroad  strike  is  not  settled  in 
New  Hampshire,  whatever  be  the 
situation  elsewhere.  The  Concord 
engine-house  and  shops  being  the 
largest   in    the    state,    the    capital    city 


NEW   HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY  DAY 


429 


has  Celt  the  effects  of  this  strike  more 
than  any  other  place.  Practically 
every  Concord  shopman  left  his  work- 
on  Jul}'  1.  The  few  who  remained 
were  generally  guarded  to  and  from 
the  shops.  Strike-hreakers  began  to 
come  in  within  a  few  days.  As  they 
were  principally,  if  not  wholly,  housed 
within  the  railroad  enclosure,  there 
was  comparatively  little  occasion  for 
trouble  on  the  streets. 

Of  such  trouble  there  was.  how- 
ever, a  litle — two  or  three  assaults  in 
the  early  days.  A  night  raid  at  the 
shops,  by  parties  as  yet  unapprehend- 
ed, resulted  in  some  of  the  strike- 
breakers being  driven  out  of  town. 

As  a  result  of  conferences  with  the 
Mayor  of  Concord,  Governor  Brown 
called  out  two  companies  of  the  Na- 
tional Guard.  Whether  or  not  they 
were  needed,  has  been  the  subject  of 
keen  controversy.  Whether  the  City 
of  Concord  should  pay  for  the  troops, 
has  also  given  rise  to  contention.  Up 
to  date  the  city  has  paid  tens  of  thou- 
sands of  dollars.  The.  troop.s  were 
withdrawn  late  in  October,  after 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  had 
urged  that  they  were  no  longer 
necessary. 

Mean  while  the  same  sort  of  talk 
has  been  going  on  -in  Concord  as  in 
other  railroad  centers  during  the 
strike.  On  the  one  side  the  rail- 
roads have  claimed  everything  was 
normal.  On  the  other  the  strikers 
have  claimed  impairment  of  rolling- 
stock  to  the  point  of  danger  to  the 
lives  of  trainmen  and  travelers.  They 
have  published  lists  of  late  trains. 
They  have  criticized  the  waste  of  rail- 
road money  in  housing,  feeding,  bed- 
ding and  entertaining  the  "scabs,"  be- 
sides paying  them  overtime. 

The  "scabs"  meanwhile  have  been 
sifted  and  settled,  and,  with  the  few 
who  stuck  and  the  few  strikers  who 
have  returned,  are  represented  by  the 
railroad  as  a  permanent  force,  whom 
they  have  allowed  to  organize  in  an 
independent  association  for  the  pur- 
pose of  making  agreements. 


A  peculiar  situation  exists  here,  as 
elsewhere ;  it  is  believed  thai  the  shop 
work  is  being  done  in  part  by  men 
who  struck  on  other  lines  and  are 
"scabbing"  here.  Another  interesting 
thing  is  the  claim  of  certain  artisans 
that  their  business  has  been  seriously 
damaged  by  the  the  striking  shop- 
men underbidding  for  work  on  me- 
chanical jobs.  The  merchants  find 
the  strikers  naturally  with  less  than 
normal  ability  to  buy,  and  the  strike- 
breakers within  the  railroad  enclos- 
ure do  not  find  normal  opportunity  to 
spend  their  wages.  Moreover,  if  the 
strikers  are  not  to  go  back  to  work, 
the  community  will  face  the  necessity 
of  a  general  shaking-down — some 
jobless  men  moving  out  and  leaving 
unpaid  hills,  new  men  taking  their 
places  with  inevitable  experimenting 
with  credits,  the  sale  of  homesteads 
(perhaps  at  loss),  the  problem  of 
housing  the  new-comers,  the  gener- 
al difficulties  of  assimilating  in  bulk 
and  immediately  several  hundred 
new  families. 

With  these  problems  in  mind,  it  is 
understood  that  some  Concord  busi- 
ness men  are  trying  to  bring  the 
strikers  and  the  railroad  into  some 
sort  of  agreement.  What  may  be  ac- 
complished, with  one  group  bound  to 
win  and  the  other  confident  of  victory, 
is  among  the  unknowable  things.  The 
situation  is  regarded  by  many  people 
as  sufficient  proof,  from  the  stand- 
point of  community  interest,  of  the 
public  damage  done  by  industrial 
warfare. 

The  textile  strike  goes  on  in  New 
Hampshire,  except  at  some  points,  as 
it  has  since  last  winter.  Because  of 
the  longer  duration  of  the  trouble, 
the  community  losses  have  been  more 
keenly  felt  than  in  the  railroad  con- 
test. Due  to  the  overshadowing  size 
of  the  Amoskeag  Mills,  the  textile 
strike  has  rather  centered  in  Man- 
chester. Long  ago  the  strike,  which 
began  because  the  mills  required  a  cut 
in  wages,  with  the  54-hour  week,  be- 
came   a    deadlock.     While    the    work- 


430 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


ers  might  possibly  have  accepted  the 
wage-cut  with  a  48-hour  week,  they 
have  steadily  refused  to  go  back  to 
a  54-hour  week  even  with  a  preferred 
return  to  the  old  wage.  The  mill 
managers  have  been  adamant.  Vari- 
ous futile  attempts  have  been  made  on 
the  part  of  the  public  to  accommodate 
the  parties.  The  last  was  an  abject 
failure.  A  committee  under  city 
auspices  invited  the  two  sides  to  send 
representatives  to  meet  each  other. 
Both  agreed,  but  October  17.  the  day 
fixed  for  the  meeting,  the  strikers' 
delegates  declined  to  attend  the  meet- 
ing because  strike-breakers  were 
among  the  company's  delegates. 
Bishop  Guertin.  as  we  go  to  press, 
is  exerting  his  influence  to  get  a 
resumption  of  work  on  the  basis  of 
51  hours  a  week  at  the  old  wage 
until  February  1.  before  which  a 
permanent  arrangement  would  be 
hoped  for.  At  Somersworth  agree- 
ment has  been  reached  on  a  51  1-2 
hour  week. 

Later  advices  are  that  the  Amos- 
keag  employees  accepted  Bishop 
Guertin's  proposition,  but  the  corpora- 
tion   declared    itself    unable    to    adopt 


the  shorter  work-week  in  view  of 
southern  Competition  on  the  55-and- 
60-hour  basis. 

Thus  the  war  goes  on.  Both  sides 
lose  money;  the  community  suffers; 
and  the  community  has  small  in- 
formation as  to  the  validity  of  the 
claims  and  counterclaims  made  by  the 
contestants  in  the  hope  of  winning 
popular  support,  which  in  the  end  is 
recognized  as  a  pretty  valuable  asset 
to   either   side. 


Representatives  of  fourteen  Cham- 
bers of  Commerce  and  Boards  of 
Trade  met  at  Tilton  on  October  18, 
and  took  steps  toward  the  organiza- 
tion of  a  State  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce. One  of  the  principal  objects 
of  the  organization  will  be  to  co- 
operate with  the  New  Hampshire 
Publicity  Commission  in  raising 
$100,000  to  advertise  New  Hamp- 
shire. The  new  organization  will 
also  take  up  the  study  of  traffic  on 
the  highways  in  the  hope  of  working 
out  some  sensible  and  consistent 
method  of  handling  traffic  throughout 
the  State. 


SONNET 

By  Louise  P.  Guyol 

i  am  a  lover  of  the  commonplace, 
The  calm  monotonous  things  of  every  day: 
The  sun  that  sets  the  same  red-golden  way 
So  many  times  a  year ;  the  dew-and-lace 
Of  cobwebbed  lawns  at  dawn;  the  silver  trace 
Of  the  moon's  high  career;  the  flaunt  and  play 
In   tulip-gardens   each   recurrent    May; 
Women,  and  men ;  a  child's  adorable  face. 


I  never  set  great  store  on  rarity — 
However  often  seen,  can  beauty  fail? 
An  ordinary  bluebird  seems  to  me 
As  lovely  as  the  peacock's  haughty  tail. 
Not  educated — well,  that's  no  disgrace, 
It's  kind  to  kind ;  I  love  the  commonplace. 


*3l 


BOOKS  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  INTEREST 


Barefoot.  Days  and  Sundown 
Songs,  by;  Raymond  II use.  Pub- 
lished by  the  .  author  at  Concord 
with  the  Rumford  Press  imprint. 
$1.00. 

This  book  by  a  New  .Hampshire 
man,  for  a  number  of  years  promi- 
nent in  the  pulpit  life  of  Concord, 
is  a  collection  of  homely  and  unas- 
suming verse.  The  reviewer  is  dis- 
armed by  the  opening  lines  of  the 
stanzas  entitled  "To  My  Critic:*' 

You  need  not  tell  me,  critic  dear. 
Because  you  see  I  know  it, 
I   have  too  much  preacher  blood 
To  be  your  kind  of  poet !" 

The  "preacher  blood"  courses 
strongly  through  most  of  the  two 
score  poems  in  this  collection.  The 
very  first  in  the  little  book  is  a  bit 
of  poetry  which  prettily  hides  a 
lesson. 

When   the   sun  has  passed   the  hilltops, 
And  the  solemn  shadows  creep 
Slowly  down  the  purple  mountain, 
Then   from  out  the  mystic  deep 
Of  the  ocean  of  the  twilight 
Notes  of  music  float  along. 
Daylight   is  the  time   for  action, 
Sunset  is  the  time  for  song. 

But  the  reviewer  must  not  quote ; 
the  reader  should  have  the  pleasure 
of  discovering  for  himself  the 
shrewdly  simple  way  in  which  Mr. 
Huse  clothes  his  thoughts.  The 
preacher  has  not  forgotten  his  bare- 
foot days,  or  the  ways  in  which 
boys  react  to  life ;  he  has  touched 
them  up  with  a  bit  of  mature,  but 
reminiscent         philosophy.  Clever 

indeed  is  the  playing  of  experience 
against  adolescence  in  "When  a 
Youth  First  Takes  to  Rhyming." 

This  little  volume  betrays  the 
author  as  an  appreciative  lover  of 
Nature  in  her  every-day  moods, 
which  are  interpreted  in  simple  and 
homely,  but  apt,  phrase.  In  one 
verse  he  speaks  of  Riley  as  having 

''heard  the  notes 
That   rise  from  common  sod-" 


It    is  these    very    notes  that    Mr. 
Huse  evokes. 


Indian  Legends  in  Verse,  by  Wil- 
liam C,  T.  Adams,  Superintendent 
of  Schools  at  Keeue  and  formerly 
Professor  of  Education  at  the 
Plymouth  Normal  School. 
Dr.  Adams  has  put  into  metrical 
form  about  twenty  Indian  legends, 
including  such  of  special  local  ap- 
peal as  those  of  Pemigewasset,  Pas- 
saconaway.  Chocorua  and  Monad- 
nock.  For  most  of  them  he  has 
adopted  the  form  of  verse  used  in 
"Hiawatha.'-'  Prefixed  to  most  of 
the  verse  are  prose  treatments  of  the 
same  legends.  There  is  an  intro- 
duction upon  Indian  characteristics 
and  customs.  The  book  is  aimed  to 
reach  the  child  when  he  is  at  the 
mental  age  of  the  mature  savage, 
when,  in  fact,  the  child,  is  at  the 
primitive  stage  of  development. 
There  are  illustrations  by  Beatrice 
B.  Adams  and  the  book  is  from  the 
press  of  the  W.  B.  Ranney  Com- 
pany   of   Concord. 


New  Hampshire  in  History  and 
Story  eor  Children,  by  Grace 
Edith  Kingsland.  Secretary,  New 
Hampsbire  Public  Library  Com- 
mission. 

Children's  Book  Week,  which 
comes  annually  in  November,  is  de- 
signed to  interest  parents  and  friends 
in  making  better  and  more  books 
(with  the  emphasis  on  "better")  easily 
accessible  to  children.  This  may  be 
clone  both  by  building  up  the  child's 
own  library  by  gifts  on  Christmas, 
birthdays,  and  other  special  days,  and 
by  seeing  that  the  local  public  library 
is  well  supplied  with  books  suitable 
for  juvenile  patrons. 

A  magazine  devoted  to  the  state 
may  well  consider  at  this  season  what 
books  dealing  with  New  Hampshire 
in  a  manner  likely  to  appeal  to  young 


43. 


THK  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


people    are    available.     Unfortunately, 

these  are  few  in  number  and  often 
slight  in  content.  Some  are  among 
the  forgotten  books  oi  a  previous 
generation,  such  as  "A  Book  for 
New  Hampshire  Children,  in  Familiar 
Letters  from  a  Father."  published 
anonymously  by  Richard  Grant  of 
Exeter  in  182o.  later  attributed  to 
Hosea  Hildreth  who  was  for  some 
time  professor  of  mathematics  at 
Phillips  Exeter  Academy.  One  para- 
graph runs:  "Nothing  indeed  can  be 
more  gloomy  than  the  State  Prison. 
If  you  were  to  go  into  it,  to  see  how- 
it  looks,  it  would  make  you  shudder. 
There  are  now  about  fifty  wicked 
persons  in  it ;  but  I  do  hope  that  no 
New  Hampshire  child  that  reads  this 
letter  will  ever  behave  so  bad  as  to  be 
locked  up  in  that  dreadful  place." 

At  this  time  Peterborough  was  fa- 
mous because  "there  are  more  manu- 
factories than  in  any  other  town  in 
the  state."  He  also  says.  "We  have 
in  New  Hampshire  a  great  many  saw- 
mills and  corn-mills  (commonly  call- 
ed grist-mills),  a  considerable  number 
of  manufactories  for  making  cotton 
cloth  and  woolen  cloth,  and  a  few 
for  making  nails.  We  have  ten,  or 
twelve  Banks,  where  money  is  kept 
to  let  out  to  people  that  wish  to  hire 
money.  All  New  Hampshire  people 
are  generally  pretty  good  to  work, 
though  there  are  some  in  every  town 
that  are  lazy  and  idle,  and  spend  their 
time  a  dram-shops  (commonly  called 
"grog-shops").  But  these  are  con- 
sidered very  naughty  people.  Their 
poor  little  children  often  go  ragged, 
and  sometimes  have  no  bread  to  eat." 

These  extracts  will  show  that  this 
hook  will  appeal  only  to  adults  curi- 
ous about  manners  and  customs  of 
early  days  and  to  the  exceptional 
child.  There  is  great  need  for  a  simi- 
lar current  book  about  our  history  and 
industries  for  use  in  schools.  At  the 
eleventh  hour  request  of  the  editor  of 
this  magazine.  I  have  compiled  very 
hastily  a  few  titles  available  in  many 
libraries     as     well  as   in     the      State 


Library,  although  some  of  them  are 
no  longer  in  print.  It  does  not'  pre- 
tend to  be  a  complete  list  and  doubt- 
less many  a  reader  .  will  miss  his 
childhood  favorite  and  exclaim,  "How 
could  she  overlook  that!"  Such 
readers  can  help  to  make  a  more 
valuable  future  list  by  sending  these 
titles  to  the  writer.  Stories  with 
scenes  laid  in  the  state  have  not  been 
included  unless  they  had  some  his- 
torical or  descriptive  value. 


Abbott,   Tacob. 

IOv. 

Quaint  stories     of  chi 
farm  in  the  Franconia  re 
Still  liked  by  children  in 
avowed      purpose      to    ' 
moral  sentiments  in  the 
in  early  youth." 

Adams,  William  C.  T. 

ends   in    verse.     c!922. 

Several  of   the  poems 
on  our   Indian  legends, 
elsewhere. 


Franconia     stories. 


Id  life  on  ? 
gion  in  1820. 
spite  of  their 
develop  the 
human  heart 


Indi 


Leer- 


are   founded 
See   review 


Stor 


Aldrich,   Thomas  -  Bailey 
of  a  Bad  Boy.     cl870. 
Based   on  the  bovhood   life   of  the 


author   in    Ports moutl 


Tom" 


his  friends  are  natural  fun-loving 
boys.  Equally  popular  with  children 
and  adults,  it  is  a  book  that  will  never 
grow  old. 

Brewster,  Edith   G.       Some     three 
hundred  years  ago.     cl922. 
Pictures   "what   children    who   lived 
on   our     shores  when      forests     were 

cleared    for   home-making might 

have  done  in  the  midst  of  the  true 
and  thrilling  happenings"  of  history 
Stories  center  around  Portsmouth  and 
neighboring  towns.  Author  is  a  resi- 
dent of  Portsmouth. 

Browne,  George  Waldo.  Flero  of 
the  hills ;  a  tale  of  the  Captive 
Ground,  St.  Francis,  and  life  in  the 
northern  wilderness  in  the  days  of 
the  pioneers.  cl901. 
Life  in  New  Hampshire  just  before 


BOOKS  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE   INTEREST 


433 


the  Revolution.  John  Stark  and  other 
real  characters  appear  throughout  its 
pages i  Author  claims  to  have  kept 
as  near  actual  facts  as  does  the  aver- 
age historian.  The  scene  of  his 
WoQdrangcr  is  also  in  New  Hamp- 
shire at  a  slightly  earlier  period. 

Coffin,  Charles  Carleton.  Old 
times  in  the  colonies.  c!880. 
Readable  history  of  colonial  times 
for  children  in  the  upper  grades. 
Has  three  chapters  on  the  settlement 
of  New  Hampshire  and  several  pages 
about  John  Stark.  Author  was  born 
in  Boscawen  in  1823. 

Cram,    William      Everett.       Little 

beasts  of  field  and  wood.     c!899. 
****.__     More   little   beasts      of   held 
and  wood:     1912. 

Delightful  books  about  wild  crea- 
tures for  children  of  ten  years  and 
upward.  Observations  were  made  in 
and  around  the  author's  native  region. 
-South   Hampton. 

Dudley,  Albertus  True.  ■  Follow- 
ing the  ball.  c!903. 
Scene  of  this  book,  as  well  as  of 
the  three  other  titles  in  the  series,  is 
laid  at  Phillips  Exeter  Academy, 
where  the  author  was  formerly  a 
teacher. 

Fassett,  James  H.     Colonial   life  in 

New    Hampsire.     c!899. 

•The  only  history  of  early  New 
Hampshire    for   children. 


Old 


time 


Harris,      Amanda    B. 

school    days.     cl886. 

While  written  for  adults,  children 
of  to-dav  will  enjoy  learning  how 
verv  different  the  rural  schools  of  the 
early  19th  century  were  from  those 
they  attend.  The  author,  a  native  of 
Warner,  drew  on  her  memory  for 
this  account  of  school  houses,  games, 
and  pupils  of  former  days. 

Johnson,  Clifton.     New     England; 
a   human    interest   reader.     1917. 
The  historv,  industries,    and  nat- 


ural beauties  of  the  New  England 
states,  as  well  as  anecdotes  and 
brief  biographies  of  their  famous 
men  and  women,  are  given  in  a 
lively  style.  '  For  children  of  11 
years  and  over- 

Robinson,  Mrs.  Anna  Douglas 
Green.  In  the  poverty  year;  a 
story  of  life  in  New  Hampshire  in 
1816.     c!901. 

The  true  story  of  a  year  in  which 
drouth  and  frost  brought  much  suf- 
fering, woven  around  12-year  old 
Philomena  and  her  kindly  neigh- 
bors. 

Robinson,  Mrs.  anna  Douglas 
Green.  Peter  and  Polly.  cl876. 
The  13-year  old  twins  in  the  au- 
tumn of  1775  went  from  Massachu- 
setts to  stay  with  relative^  in  ja 
"thrifty  New  Hampshire  town" 
while  their  father  fought  for  free- 
dom. Good  picture  of  home  life, 
bringing  in  what  the  revolutionary 
war  meant  to  our  forefathers  and 
their  families. 

Rollins,  Frank  West.     Ring  in  the 

cliff.     clS88. 

Scene  of  this  story  by  a  former 
governor  is  laid  in  Portsmouth  and 
vicinity.  The  boy  hero  builds  a 
boat  in  which  he  goes  fishing  at 
the  Isles  of  Shoals  and  incidentally 
discovers  buried  treasures  on  Star 
Island. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Mary  Prudence 
Wells.  Four  on  a  farm.  1901. 
Four  New  York  children  pass  a 
jolly  summer  on  a  New  Hamp- 
shire farm.  For  children  of  10-12 
years. 

.— .     Their    canoe    trip.     cl8S9. 

The  trip  made  by  two  boys  began 
at  a  lake  in  Francestown  and  con- 
tinued down  the  Piscataquog  and 
Merrimack  Rivers  on  to  Boston  by 
the  numerous  inland  rivers  in  Mass- 
achusetts. 


EDITORIAL 

Last  July,  Mrs.  Edith  Bird  Bass  are  playing  an  indispensable  part  by 
of  Peterborough  unexpectedly  found  furnishing  the  funds  with  which  to 
herself  the  owner  of  THE  GRAN-  pay  the  printer,  the  engraver  and 
ITE  MONTHLY.  Mr.  Pearson,  the  postmaster.  Quite  as  import- 
the  former  owner,  had  stipulated  tant  a  role  is  that  of  the  contribu- 
that  he  should  relinquish  the  con-  tors,  from  whom  comes  volunta- 
duct  of  the  magazine  with  the  Sep-  riiy  a  stream  of  history,  essay,  fic- 
tei  issue.  Not  feeling  able,  on  tion  and  verse  for  which  no  editor 
account  of  prior  duties,  to  assume  can  fail  to  be  thankful, 
active  editorial  and  business  charge  Mrs.  Bass  intends  to  maintain 
of  the  magazine  immediately,  Mrs.  the  general  policy  of  the  magazine 
Bass  prevailed  upon  the  writer  to  and  has  in  mind  a  number  of 
act  as  editor  until  January,  1923.  features  which  cannot  fail  to  inter- 
Although  Mrs.  Bass  has,  by  per-  est  our  readers.  These  will  be  an- 
sonal  letter  to  the  patrons  of  nounced  from  time  to  time, 
the  magazine,  made  known  these  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  field 
facts,  it  may  be  fitting  for  the  act-  of  the  magazine  is  limited,  there  is 
ing  editor  to  make  some  announce-  practically  no  limit  to  the  attrac- 
ment  in  the  magazine  itself.  tiveness  which  it  can  attain  in  both 
In  the  last  two  months  the  writer  material  and  dress,  provided  only 
has  been  impressed  anew  with  the  that  the  circulation  can  be  so  wid- 
fact  that  THE  GRANITE  ened  as  to  furnish  the  necessary 
MONTHLY,  in  spite  of  its  moder-  funds  to  pay  the  increased  produc- 
ate  circulation,  has  a  firm  hold  up-  tion  costs.  Plans  are  already  form- 
on  its  readers  and  contributors,  ing  with  a  view  to  enlarging  the 
This  is  fortunate,  because  the  un-  circulation.  This  is  a  matter  in 
dertaking  is  not,  in  the  nature  of  which  every  reader  of  the  magazine 
things,  one  which  can  be  financially  may  be  of  assistance.  Can  you  not 
profitable,  but  must  be  viewed  as  carry  your  present  co-operation  a 
a  sort  of  co-operative  undertaking  step  further  and,  by  suggestions  to 
in  which  many  join  for  the  mainte-  your  friends  and  to  us,  help  us  to 
nance  of  a  magazine  devoted  to  the  enlarge  the  public  which  we  reach 
past,  present  and  future  of  New  and  thereby  enhance  the  value  of  the 
Hampshire.  magazine? 
.  The    subscribers    and    advertisers  ELWIN  L.  PAGE. 

.                                       SUBSTITUTE    .  .  *"  ;*•    \. 

By  Helene  MaUins.  .  .-.._.                       .     -  ~ 

I  left  the  gates  of  my  heart  open  " 

For  Love  to  enter,.  .--.-■■ 

But  lo!   a  mountebank  has  strayed     :.;■;                    -.-......  v„- 

Within  its  portals, 

And  I  cannot  drive  him  out. 


4»s- 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  NECROLOGY 


CHARLES    C.    BUFFUM 

Charles  G.  Buffum,  Register  of  Deeds 
for  Cheshire  Comity,  died  oi  heart  failure 
while  driving  his  ear  through  the  City  of 
Cambridge,    Massachusetts,    on   October    16. 

Mr.   BufFurn   was   a  native  of   East   Dor- 


set,   Vermont,    the    son 


Parr  is    E.    and 


Ann  R.  Buffum  and  was  born  February 
4,  1849.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  East  Dorset,  and  moved  to  Keene  at 
the  age  oi  twenty-two.  For  some  time  he 
was  employed  by  the  Cheshire  Railroad. 
then  was  for  seven  years  assistant  post- 
master. In  April.  1883,  he  .  assumed  the 
office  of  Register  of  Deeds.  Had  he  lived 
to  the  end  of  the  present  term,  lie  would 
have  had  forty  years  of  continuous  ser- 
vice. He  was  a  candidate  for  re-election 
this   month. 

As  a  Register  of  Deeds,  Mr.  Buffum 
was  painstaking  and  progressive.  L)uring 
his  administration  of  the  office  he  was 
active  in  re-copying  and  re-indexing  the 
records  and  in  adopting  such  modern 
methods  as  would  make  the  registry  of 
greater    value    to    the    public. 

Mr.  Buffum  took  an  active  part  in  the 
life  of  Keene.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Unitarian  Church,  its  treasurer  for  sever- 
al years  and  interested  in  its  activities. 
He  was  a  Mason  in  his  fraternal  affilia- 
tions. He  was  at  one  time  treasurer  of  the 
Union  School  District  of  Keene  and  for 
some  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Education.  He  had  also  been  treasurer  of 
the  Elliott  Hospital.  From  time  to  time- 
he  served  as  Special  Justice  of  the  Keene 
Police  Court.  Formerly  a  director  of  the 
Keene  Savings  Bank,  he  was  at  the  time 
of  his  death  a  trustee  oi  the  Cheshire 
Couny  Savings  Bank. 

In  1873.  Mr  Buffum  was  married  to 
Sarah,  the  daughter  of  Warren  Wilson. 
She  survives  him.  as  do  three  sons  ;  fames 
Caleb  of  Webster.  Massachusetts;  Robert 
Earle  of  Boston;  and  Charles  Edward  of 
Boston. 


JOSEPH  H.  KILLOURHY 

On  October  19.  there  died  at  Laconia,  a? 
the  result  of  an  automobile  accident  a  few 
days  before,  Major  Joseph  II.  Killourhy 
of  the  staff  of  Governor  Brown.  Major 
Killourhy  was  one  of  the  most  popular 
of  the  younger  men  in  central  New  Hamp- 
shire. He  was  born  in  Meredith  about 
forty-five  years  ago,  but  had  lived  in 
Laconia  since  early  boyhood.  His  at- 
tractive personal  qualities  and  his  activity 
in  sports  and  military  affairs  made  him  a 
wide  circle  of  firm  friends,  not  only  in  La- 


conia. bat  also  throughout  the  state.  He 
was  in  constant  demand  as  referee  or  um- 
pire at  games,  and  was  at  one  time  di- 
rector of  the  athletics  at  the  State  Col- 
lege. 


Major  J.  PL  Killourhy 

He  was  for  twenty  years  in  the  engineer- 
ing department  of  the  City  of  Laconia,  but 
left  his  .work  in  1917  and  enlisted  in  the 
military  service  as  a  private  in  the  Twenty- 
Third  Engineers.  He  served  at  St.  Mihiel, 
and  after'  the  drive  was  commissioned 
Second  Lieutenant.  On  March  9,  1919,  he 
was  promoted  .  to  First  Lieutenant.  He 
served  in  the  Argonne  drive  to  the  end  and 
was  in  Germany  with  the  army  of  occu- 
pation. 


436  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

Major   Ki.liourhy  was  a   leading  spirit  in  He     was  a  memher     of    Laconia  Council, 

organizing  Frank  VY.  Wilkin?   Post,  No.  "1,  Knights  of  Columbus,  of  Laconia  Lodge  of 

American   Legion   of   Laconia,  and   was   its  Elks    and    Interlaken    Grange. 

first    commander.        He   was    recognized    as  There     survive     his     widow,     Mary,    and 

one    of  the  most    powerful    Legion  men  in  seven   children,    Margaret,    Gladys,   Frances, 

the    state   and    was    junior   vice-commander  Dorothy,  Ursula,  Joseph   H.,  Jr.,  and  Ray- 

of   the   stale    department     Upon   the  recent  mond 
re-organization    of   the   National   Guard,  be 
was    commissioned    Captain    of   Battery  C, 
197th    Artillery,    Anti-Aaircraft 


LIFE'S  EVENTIDE 

By  Allda  Cogswell  True 

Can  it  be  we  are  nearing  life's  eventide? 

The  day  lias  not  seemed  long — 
The  morning  bright  ne'er  hinted  of  night, 

So  glad  it  was  with  song. 

At  noontide  we  paused  by  the  wayside, — 
Looking  back  o'er  the  winding  lane — 

It's  sunlit  path  showed  no  aftermath 
Of  shadow,  of  sorrow  or  pain. 

After  the  noon,  more  oft  we  have  paused, 
And  find  we  have  lost  on  the  way 
A  companion — a  friend — who  nearing  the  road's  end 
Disappeared — leaving  shadowed  the  day. 

Now  we  wonder  why  we  hastened — 

Why  stinted  our  word  and  song — 
For  now  when  we  may,  they  are  gone  away, — 

These  friends  for  whose  presence  we  long. 


ALONE 

By  Marie  Wilson 

She  walked  upon  the  shore — 

Alone ! 
The  gray-blue  sky  drew  near 

the  deeper  waves ; 
Her  figure  scanted,  breezed — 

close.     Dark  hued, 
She,  wave  and  sky — 
Alone! 

The  afternoon  of  day — 
The  afternoon  of  life — 
Yet    hours    shy    of    close, 
Yet  years  to  fly  like  this — 
Sky,   wave  and   she — 
Alone ! 


my*9 


v        .    .     ....... 


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3  i                 .1 
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GRANITE   MONTHLY    COMPANY 
CONCORD,  N.  H. 

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TITE  MONTHLY 


Vol.   L1V.  DECEMBER,    1922  No.    12 


METALAK. 

A  TRUE  STORY'. 

By  Gertrude  Weeks  Marshall. 

-Through  the  brilliant  autumn  wilderness,  magnificently  gay  in  coloring. 

Grand  with  mighty  trees,  but  within  its  depths  deadly  lurking  dangers, 

Once  travelled  a  band  of  Indians,  small  remnant  of  a  tribe  once  numerous. 

Their  bronze  and  sinewy  bodies  swayed  with  the  forest  shadows, 

Their  paint  and  feathery  ornaments  blended  with  the  forest  hues; 

To  the  cold  north  had  they  been  driven  by  the  encroaching  Whites, 

But  were  seeking  new  homes  by  the  sweet  waters  of  the  Umbagog. 

Long  and  arduous,  over  hills  and  across  lakes,  had  been  their*  journey, 

To  avoid,  in  the  valleys,  settlements  of  watchful,  fearless  pioneers 

And  still  reach  the  Notch,  where  the  mountains  were  cleft  in  twain, 

Giving  easy  passage  to  the  region  beyond,  rich  in  game  and  fish. 

Metalak,  once  chief  and  bravest  warrior,  now  with  age  feeble, 

But  in  counsel  wise  and  able,  walked  in  the.  rear  with  aged  braves, 

Squaws  and  various  Indian  luggage  queer,  borne  by  the  stoutest. 

As  they  neared  the  basin  before  the  Notch,  surrounded  by  mountains  high, 

Where  towers  old  Table-rock,  like  an  altar  reared  by  giant  hands 

Nigh  to  Heaven,  Metalak,  fatgiued  by  the  day's  long,  tiresome  journey, 

Stumbled  and  fell  over  a  broken  branch,  that  across  the  trail  had  fallen 

In  such  a  way  that  the  sharp  end  pierced  his  eye,  its  vision  destroying. 

Silently  he  endured  the  agony  while  the  squaws  ran  to  aid  him 

And  with  primitive  but  skilful  surgery  the  torturing  branch  removed. 

Silent,  while  to  a  cooling  spring  they  swiftly  and  smoothly  carried  him 

And  cleansed  the  wound  and  bound  it  with  healing  herbs  known  to  them. 

Then  the  tribe  made  mght  encampment  and  a  circle  of  blazing  fires  built 

Which  protected  from  prowling  beasts,  and  also  cooked  their  game; 

Afterward  in  council  gathered,  to  decide  if  best  by  morning's  light 

To  bear  Metalak  with  them  onward,  onlv  on  the  way  fo  die,' 

Or  tarry  awhile  for  his  death,  then  with  loud  and  savage  ceremony 

Bury  him  in  the  shadow  of  Table-rock.     Then  said  Metalak  faintly; 

"My  people,  delay  not  your  iourney  for  me;  near  are  winter's  frosts. 

You  must  hasten  wigwams,  food  and  clothing  to  prepare  by  the  Umbagog. 

Like  the  tree  by  lightning  blasted,  soon  will  I  be.  stark  and  lifeless. 

Like  a  wild  beast,  with  a  deadly  wound.  I  would  die  alone." 

So,  at  sunrise,  with  the  stoicism  of  their  race,  alone  in  the  wilderness, 

Thev  left  him.     All  day  suffering  he  lav  by  the  grateful  spring  'water. 

Night  came,  cold  and  pale.     Over  Table-rock  the  silver  moon  rose. 

Tier   clear    light    brought    into    relief    the    black   vastness  of  the  unbroken 

forest. 
Pityingly  her  beams  seemed  to  shine  upon  the  brave  old  warrior 
Prostrate  on  the  frosty  ground.     At  last,  his  mind  by  pain  disordered, 
He  rose,  and  wandered  down  the  old  trail,  often  in  other  days  pursued, 


440  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

Down   the   Mohawk    Valley    to    the   base    of    Mount    Monadnock    (Spirit 

Mountain), 
Thence  up  the  Connecticut.     He  passed,  unheeded,  the  homes  of  settlers, 
Until  at  last,  starved  and  exhausted,  against  a  cabin  door  he  fell. 
The  settler's  wife,  just  lighting  candles  in  the  early  autumn  twilight, 
Heard  the  noise  at  the  door;  there  she  found  the  poor  old  Indian. 
In  her  strong  young  arms  she  carried  him  to  the  settle  by  the  fire, 
And  of  broth  and  liquor  made  him  drink,  which,  with  the  warmth,  revived 

him. 
There  among  those  strange  white  people,  once  enemies,  now  his  friends, 
Metalak  was  nursed  back  to  life,  sightless,  but  new  and  pleasant. 
Many  Indian  ways  he  taught  them,  life  in  the  wilds  to  ease, 
Indian  methods  of  clearing  land,  clever  snares  for  birds  and  beasts, 
Sugar  to  obtain  from  maple  sap,  to  make  the  useful  snowshoe, 
And  the  soft  fringed  moccasin,  also  the  graceful  swift  canoe. 
Many  years  he  lived  among  them,  striving  their  kindnesa  to  repay, 
Peaceful  and  contented,  until,    gently,  Manitou  called  him  to  the  "Happy 

Hunting  Ground." 

Copyright,   1922.  by  Gertrude  Weeks  Marshall. 

[Note:  Mrs.  Marshall  furnishes  a  memorandum  regarding  the  story  of  Metalak 
which  may  interest  the  reader  unfamiliar  with  the  local  setting.  The  Mohawk 
Valley  of  New  Hampshire  extends  from  East  Colebrook  to  Colebrook  Village. 
Monadnock  Mountain  is  across  the  Connecticut  in  Vermont.  Metalak,  after  the 
accident  related  in  the  story,  found  his  way  unaided  to  Stewartstown,  where  he  was 
found  at  the  door  of  Mrs.  Samuel  Weeks.  Later  the  town  of  Stewartstown  cared 
for   him.] 


TEE  ALIEN 

By  Lilian  Sue  Kecch 


I  know  a  lane  where  the  sweetbrier  blows. 
Clinging  to  the  old  stone  wall. 
\\  nere,  in  the  spring,  the  violet  grows. 
And  black  birds  to  their  sweethearts  call. 

The   trumpet   vine   clings   to   the   tree, 
The  dogwood  wears  its  mantle,  white. 
The  butterfly  flits  fancy  free. 
And  weds  the  flowers  in  its  flight. 

I  know  a  lane — 'tis  far  away — 
Where  grows  the  wild  sweetDrier. 
And  what  to  me  are  orchids  gay, 
Or  Jacqueminot's  dull  fire? 

I'd  rather  be  a  milkmaid,  free, 
My  bare  feet  in  the  dew. 
Than  wear  the  gold  that's  driven  me 
Far  from  that  lane  and— you. 


HH  V 


FHE  INDIAN  STREAM  WAR 

By  Mary  R.  P.  Hatch 


[Mrs.  Hatch,  who  is  a  novelist  and  play- 
wright now  living  in  Massachusetts,  here 
presents  in  fictional  form  a  bit  of  history 
which  she  first  heard  from  the  older  gen- 
eration when  she  resided  many  years  ago 
in  northern  New  Hampshire.  The  tale  of 
the  Indian  Stream  Territory  reads  al- 
most like  fiction  even  in  the  historical 
records.  Mrs.  Hatch  gives  it  the  reality 
of  the  personal  touch.] 

Mrs.  Pilsbury  sat  knitting  in  her 
high-backed  rocker.  She  was  in  her 
ninety-third  year,  but  apparently  as 
strong  as  ever.  She  had  renewed 
her  youth,  or  so  she  said,  in  knitting 
for  the  soldiers,  a  pair  for  every  year 
of  her  age,  and  now  that  the  war 
was  over  she  still  knit  for  the  poor 
people  of  the  desolated  French  coun- 
tries. "Only  to  think  on't,"  she  said 
to  the  Irving  girls,  "and  I  didn't 
use  to  know  there  was  sech  a  place 
as  Belgium.  It's  live  and  learn, 
sure  enough." 

Judge  Irving's  daughters  were 
spending  a  few  of  the  summer  weeks 
in  the  country  to  rest  from  arduous 
days  in  Washington.  They  had 
been  in  France  many  months,  work- 
ing in  canteens,  and  one  had  driven 
her  own  car  for  the  Red  Cross,  while 
the  other  had  helped  in  the  hospital. 
Both  had  become  engaged,  one  to  a 
French  officer,  Count  Declarine,  and 
the  other  to  a  government  official 
high  in  the  confidence  of  the  Presi- 
dent. Having  done  so  well  for 
themselves  and  their  country,  they 
felt  that  a  rest  in  the  place  where 
their  father  first  saw  light  would  do 
them  good.  So  here  they  were,  sit- 
ting on  the  back  porch  munching 
winter  apples  and  talking  to  Mrs. 
Pilsbury.  Back  in  the  kitchen  they 
could  hear  Mandy  stepping  briskly 
from  pantry  to  kitchen,  occasionally 
calling  loudly  to  Ephraim  who  was 
having  a  brief  rest  from  the  spring 
planting. 

"I  do'no'  'bout  putting  the  west 
field  into  oats,"  he  said.      "I'm  sort- 


er    studying     on't,     Mandy,"     they 
heard  him  say. 

"You  know  better'n  I  do  'bout 
that,"   replied   Mandy. 

"What' say?" 

"You  know  a  sight  better'n  I  do 
what  to  plant  and  what  not  to 
plant,"  was  Mandy's  reply  in  a  high- 
pitched  tone. 

"Pity  he's  so  deef,"  said  Mrs.  Pils- 
bury, "I  can  hear  a  sight  better'n  I 
lister,  seems  ef." 

"Father  says  you  break  every 
record  in  keeping  young",  said 
Ethel.  "It's  the  nicest  thing  in  the 
world  to  live  so  long  and  to  pile  up 
experiences  of  four  or  five  genera- 
tions and  to  know  all  about  our 
great  grandparents." 

"I've  lived  through  five  wars. 
Less  see :  there  was  the  Mexican 
War,  the  Injun  Stream  War,  the 
Civil  War,  the  Spanish  War,  and 
this  War,  the  last  that  ever  was-" 

"What  about  the  Indian  Stream 
War?  1  never  heard  anything 
about  that." 

"Didn't  your  pa  ever  tell  you 
about  that?  Wall,  it  was  a  real, 
actual  war  and  folks  was  killed  and 
all  that,  but  I  guess  folks  don't  know 
much  about  it  in  a  gen'ral  way." 

"Tell  us  about  it,  dear  Mrs.  Pils- 
burv.  won't  you?" 

"If  you  never  heard  on't  it  stands 
me  in  hand  to  tell  you.  But  I  can't 
understand  how  it  is  your  pa  never 
knew  about  it.  His  fathers'  uncle 
went  to  it ;  and  so  did  Peter  Muzzy 
and  Eli  Cole,  both  on  em  neighbors 
of  his  grandsir." 

"Perhaps  he  knows,  but  I  never 
heard  him  speak  of  it." 

"Wall,  it  happened  in  the  Iniun 
Stream  Country,  jest  on  the  aidge 
of  Canady,  'bout  thirty  miles  from 
here.  I  was  up  there  at  the  time 
sewing  for  old  Mis  Peters  in  the 
line  house.  'Twas  right  on  the  line 
betwixt  Canady  and  the  Territory, 


442 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


and  ,so  they  called  it  the  'line  house'. 

"Them  Peterses  was  a  quarrel- 
some set.  father  and  sons,  and  it  was 
Ephraim  Peters  that  set  the  fuss  a 
goi'ii-.  Born  smugglers,  the  whole 
on  'em.  In  1812  old  Peters  used  to 
keep  a  tailor's  shop  in  the  line  house, 
and  he'd  buy  sights  of  broadcloth, 
preUndin'  to  make  it  up  into  suits 
of  close.  He  did,  some  on't,  but  the 
most  on't  his  boys  Ephraim  and 
Plenry'd  carry  in  packs  through  the 
woods  in  the  night  to  Hoskins'  hut, 
and  some  men  would  meet  'em  there 
with  sledges  or  pungs  and  carry  the 
goods  to  Portland  and  Boston.  It 
was  easy,  you  see,  bein'  so  fur  off, 
and  next  to  no  houses  'round  there. 
But  the  smugglin'  was  found  out, 
being  carried  on  'round  the  line,  and 
Government  sent  up  some  malishy 
men.  There  was  a  lot  of  fighting 
betwixt  'em  and  a  good  many  men 
was  killed,  first  and  last,  for  they 
went  armed  to  the  teeth  all  the  time, 
as  the  sayin'  is.  Henry  died  of  a 
wound  he  got. 

"About  this  time,  Amos  Bounce 
of  Canaan,  Vermont,  used  to  git 
permits  to  take  cattle  into  Canady. 
He  owned  a  .saw-mill  there.  But  af- 
ter a  while  folks  said  he  fetched  in 
as  many  cattle  as  he  took  over,  but 
sold  'em  to  the  Britishers.  So  the 
custom  house  officers  got  old  Lef- 
tenent  Demrnit  to  guard  the  line,  so 
he'  couldn't  take  over  no  more.  Wall, 
Bounce,  he  come  along  with  a  yoke 
of  cattle  and  persisted  in  goin' 
over.  Demmit,  actin'  on  orders, 
shot  him  down.  They  'rested  Dem- 
mit, the  civil  'thorities  did,  and  car- 
ried hirn  to  jail.  But  he  got  away 
and  took  to  the  woods  and  lived 
there  all  winter.  The  nex'  summer 
Bounce's  friends  found  him,  in  Au- 
gust it  was,  and  they  shot  him 
through  the  back.  Then  they 
fetched  him  out  of  the  woods  and 
carried  him  to  Guildhall  in  a  two- 
horse  wagon.  Your  pa's  folks  must 
'a'  seen  him  go  by.     Folks  said    he 


was  cheated  shameful  on  the  way; 
anyway  he  was  dreadfully  jolted 
and  throwed  into  the  cart  like  a 
log.  Miss  Ellis,  .she  told  me  with 
her  own  lips  about  it,  and  how  they 
stopped  to  her  house  for  water  and 
how  she  mentioned  she  would  carry 
some  to  Demmit,  and  how  they 
wouldn't  let  her.  He  died  soon 
after  he  got  to  Guildhall. 

"Government  took  it  up  and  sent 
a  comp'ny  of  regular  soldiers  up 
that  put  a  stop  to  smugglin'  of  all 
sorts.  Bounce's  son,  Henry,  was 
took  up  to  be  tried  for  treason, 
but,  bein'  so  young,  never  fetched 
to  trial.  But  all  this,  you  see. 
sorter  set  the  Injun  Stream  folks  to 
sword's  p'ints  with  the  States  and 
made  'em  friendly  to  Canaday,  and 
when  the  committee  from  the  States 
and  Canady  tried  to  set  the 
boundary  line  betwix'  'em,  why 
they  couldn't,  or  wouldn't,  agree- 
The  settlers  all  '.sposed  they  was 
in  Xew  Hampshire,  but  the  Cana- 
dians claimed  all  the  land  west  of 
Injun  Stream,  and  that  was  jest 
about  half  of  Injun  Stream  Terri- 
tory, as  it  was  called. 

"Canady  built  roads  and  laid  out 
a  township  and  seemed  determined 
to  have  '  it,  hit  er  miss.  The 
Peterses  and  Bounces,  and  a  lot 
more,  wanted  to  go  with  Canady. 
There  was  two  hundred  and  eighty- 
five  people  there  and  they  had 
eight  hundred  and  forty-seven  acres 
of  land  under  cultivation.  They 
claimed  their  deeds  under  Philip,  a 
chief  of  the  St.  Francis  tribe  of 
Injuns,  and  the  survey  that  was 
made  by  Jeremiah  Eames.  You 
know  the  Eames  that  are  descended 
from  old  Jeremiah.  I  told  you 
folks  about  his  seein'  Mis  Eames, 
his  wife,  under  the  ellum  tree  when 
she  come  to  him  after  she  was  killed 
bv  fallin'  down  the  suller  stairs. 
Wall,  old  Jeremiah  Eames  drawed 
up  most  of  the  old  deeds  of  them, 
times,  and  it  was  him  that  made  the 


THE  INDIAN  STREAM  WAR 


443 


survey  of  the  Canadian  line,  bein' 
as  how  he  was  a  great  surveyor, 
too. 

''Everything  got  dreadful  onset- 
tied — some  makin'  out  they 'was  in 
Canady  and  some  contendin'  for  the 
States.  If  a  settler  owed  a  debt 
and  a  sheriff  tried  to  collect  it,  win- 
he  stood  out  and  the  neighbors 
took  sides.  Canady  about  this 
time  sorter  took  charge  and  made 
some  of  the  settlers  do  malishy 
duty.  This  was  in  1831,  when  I 
was  about  five  years  old.  But  I 
rec'lec'  wall  hearin'  folks  that  about 
it. 

"Them  that  was  for  the  States 
got  scat  and  applied  for  help,  but 
before  they  got  it  a  separate  gov- 
ernment was  talked  oi.  The  cus- 
tom house  officers  taxed  'em  with 
dooties,  and  this  set  'em  all  by  the 
ears ;  so  what  did  they  do  on  July 
the  ninth,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1832,  but  set  up  a  government  of 
their  own.  I  rec'lec'  mother's 
tellin'me  about  it  jest  as  plain  a.s 
if  it  was  yisterdy.  She  said  how 
Miss  Peters  had  'em  all  there,  and 
mother  went  up  to  help.  She  didn't 
set  down  to  the  table,  but  her  and 
Mis  Peters  heerd  it  talked  over 
whilst  they  was  waitin'  on  the  table. 
It  was  all  planned  then.  They 
called  the  government  'The  United 
Inhabitants  of  Injun  Stream,'  and 
it  was  to  be  in  force  till  the  boun- 
dery  line  was  settled.  They  had  an 
assembly  and  a  council.  Epb 
Peters  was  one  of  the  council,  and 
mother  said  she  never  should  for- 
git  the  airs  he  put  on,  if  she  got  to 
be  a  hundud.  They  had  made  up 
their  minds,  they  said,  to  resist 
New  Hampshire  anyway. 

"  'We'll  show  'em,'  'Eph  said,  'we 
aint  goin'  to  be  tred  on.'  But  land 
sakes  alive!  They  didn't  know 
what  they  was  a  doin'.  When  the 
news  got  to  Concord  in  a  week  or 
two,  why  the  Governor  and  his 
Council  said  ri^ht  off  that  sech 
doin's  wan't  to  be  allowed.  So  they 


sent  a  letter  to  Sheriff  While — Ana- 
bel  White,  you  think  so  much  of  is 
his  great  granddaughter — and  in 
that  letter  claim  was  laid  to  Injun 
Stream  Territory  in  the  name  of 
the  United  States,  and  they  said 
they  should  enforce  the  laws  there. 
"There  was  great  excitement  all 
along  the  line,  and  to  all  the  houses 
where    lived    the   ones    that   wanted 


to  go  back  to  smui 


:gnn  . 


Mother 


said  she  heerd  it  all  talked  over  lots 
of  times,  how  if  Injun  Stream  was 
nootrai  it  would  be  the.  makin'  of 
them  all,  and  Ephraim  Peters  went 
a  horseback  up  an'  down  the  set- 
tlement tryin'  for  to  stir  'em  up  to 
resist.  Eph's  wife  went  gaddin' 
about  the  neighbors  a-tryin'  to  stir 
up  the  women  folks,  and  the  coun- 
cil met  that  night  and  voted  to 
abide  by  their  laws  instid  of  the 
United  States,  and  so  it  went  on  all 
winter.  The  United  States  must 
V  ben  tumble  shiftless  to  'low  it, 
but  the  snow  was  deep  and  the 
stages  coundn't  run,  so  mebbe  the 
Governor  and  Council  didn't  really 
know  how  the  Injun  Stream  folks 
was  cuttin'  up. 

"Anyway,  smugglin'  fcvvas  took 
up  agin,  that  I  know,  for  one  day 
I  peeked  into  a  closet  that  happened - 
to  be  unlocked — mother  had  sent  me 
to  borry  some  seleratus — and  I  see 
stacks  and  stacks  of  broadcloth 
and  silks  and  velvets;  and  that  very 
night  Nickleson  Bennett,  the  chore 
boy  to  the  Peterses,  was  woke  up 
in  the  night  by  strange  sounds,  so 
he  told  father.  He  got  up  and 
peeked  out  his  winder  and  he  see 
Peters  and  his  wife  jest  as  plain  as 
day,  and  he  said  they  was  a  handin' 
out  them  goods  to  two  men  in  a 
long  pung  .sleigh.  He  told  father 
he  stood  at  the  head  of  the  ladder 
he  dumb  up  by,  and  the  end  on't 
almost  teched  Mis  Peters,  so  you 
see  they  wan't  fur  apart,  and  he 
couldn't  ben  mistook.  But  they 
never  spoke,  none  on  'em,  not  one 
word,   leaswhile  he  stood   there,  so 


444 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


he  told  father-  Livin'  as  the  Pe- 
terses  did,  with  one  side  in  Canady 
and  t'other  in  the  States  made 
smugglin'   dreadful  easy. 

"One  of  the  Peterses'  great 
friends  was  Justice  Ellin  wood  of 
Hereford.  He  lived  next  house  to 
the  Peterses  on  the  Canady  side, 
and  most  folks  'spicioned  he  had  a 
hand  in  the  smugglin'  business, 
justice  EJlinwood  was  allowed  to 
serve  writs  in  the  Territory,  but  the 
Coos  county  sheriff  was  forbid, 
and  Ellinwood  made  speeches  time 
and  agin  urgin'  the  people  to  resist 
if  he  ever  tried.  So  when  the  sher- 
iffs, there  was  three  on  'em,  come  to 
serve  a  writ  on  Ephraim  Peters, 
why  he  swore  he  wouldn't  turn  out  no 
property  to  be  'tached,  and  so  the 
sheriffs  'rested  him  and  was  takin' 
him  away  when  the  Bounces  come 
up  and  rescued  him  from  their 
hands.  It  was  right  in  the  door 
yard ;  I  see  it  all  from  our  back 
door.  Mis  Peters  happened  to  see 
me,  so  she  sent  me  over  to  Ellin- 
wood's  to  tell  him  about  it,  and  he 
set  right  down  and  drawed  up  a 
warrent  in  the  name  of  Great  Brit- 
ian  aginst  the  sheriffs. 

"Bein'  that  BJanchard  was  the 
only  one  that  lived  to  Injun  Stream, 
the  others  comin'  from  Canaan  and 
Stewartown,  jest  Blanchard  was 
'rested  by  a  force  of  about  fifteen 
men  and  took  to  Canady  for  trial. 
But  Mr.  Haynes,  Blanchard's 
neighbor,  as  soon  as  he  was  told, 
got  on  his  hoss  and  started  for 
Colebrook,  notifyin'  the  men  folks 
all  along  the  way  that  Blanchard 
was  took  by  the  Britishers.  The 
men  all  armed,  and  in  a  little  while 
three  hundud  men  'sembled  at 
Canaan  and  they  was  sent  out  dif- 
ferent ways  to  find  and  rescue 
Blanchard. 

"Mis  Peters  was  turrible  excited, 
and  she  ast  me  to  stay  and  run  ar- 
rands  for  her.  First  she  sent  me 
over  to  Mis  Haynes'  to  borry  some 
yeast,    jest    as  if    nothin'    had  hap- 


pened, and  she  told  me  to  stay  and 
find  out  what  I  could.  Bein'  a 
child  so,  of  course  I  didn't  know 
nothin'  about  law.  and  justice,  and 
I  liked  to  know  tilings.  Mis 
Haynes  was  second  cousin  to  Mis 
Peters  on  the  father's  side,  and  they 
neighbored  considerable,  though, 
they  wan't  no  great  friends,  and  the 
menfolks  scerce  ever  spoke  to  each 
other  when  they  could  help  it.  I 
was  glad  to  go,  for  I  thought  it  a 
good  chance,  and  I  staid  most  all 
day.  Mother  said  I  might  when  I 
dodged  in  through  the  back  way  fo 
ask  her.  I  was  there  when  Blanch- 
ard come  back  with  Mr.  Haynes. 
and  I  heard  all  about  the  rescue- 

"Blanchard  was  within  a  mild  of 
Ellinwood's  house,  where  they  was 
takin'  him.  when  they  was  met  by 
eight  men  on  horseback,  all  of  'em 
armed,  that  had  come  to  find  him. 
They  ordered  that  Blanchard  be 
give  up,  but  no,  they  refused.  They 
all  talked  and  parleyed,  telling  them 
of  the  three  hundud  men  up  Canaan 
way,  and  finally  they  give  up 
Blanchard.  Not  a  blow  was  struck 
and  not  a  shot  fired.  But  a  reward 
of  five  dollars  was  offered  for  the 
capture  of  Peters,  bein'  as  how  he 
was  an  old  offender,  and  two  offi- 
cers, Aldrich  and  Hurlbert,  started 
right  off  to  find  him,  but  as  soon 
as  they  crossed  the  line,  Ellinwood 
with  a  dozen  men  at  his  heels,  met 
them  and  ordered  them  back  off  his 
grounds.  He  ordered  his  men  to 
'rest  Aldrich  and  Hurlbert,  but 
Hurlbert  drawed  a  pistol  and  Al- 
drich advised  Ellinwood  not  to  go 
nigh  Hurlburt  for  he  might  git  shot. 
Then  Ellinwood  told  one  of  his  men 
to  take  Aldrich's  horse  by  the  bri- 
dle and  he  tried  for  to  'rest  him,  but 
Aldrich  fit  him  off  with  his  sword, 
and  then  Ellinwood  and  his  men  be- 
gun to  throw  stones.  Two  stones 
hit  Hurlbert,  and  upon  that  he  fired 
and  hit  one  of  the  men.  Up  come 
thirty  or  forty  men  from  Canaan, 
and  Ellinwood  got  scat  and  run  in- 


THE  INDIAN  STREAM  WAR 


445 


to  the  woods,  Aldrich  after  him. 
After  they  had  quite  a  squirmish, 
they  took  Ellinwood  and  fetched 
him  to  Cole-brook,  but  in  a  few 
hours  they  let  him  go.  Edgar 
Aldrich  is  the  son  of  the  one  that 
took  Ellinwood. 

"Wall,  Canady  took  it  up,  and 
so  did  the  States,  and  there  wras 
great  excitement  all  round.  The 
Adjutant  General,  he  ordered  into 
service,  to  help  the  sheriff  of  Coos 
County,  a  captain,  lef tenant,  one 
ensign,  one  sergeant,  two  musicians 
and  forty-two  privates  for  three 
months,  if  they  was  needed.  I've 
seen  the  list  many  a  time.  I  can 
name  morn  half  on  'em  now.  The 
order  was  give  at  six  o'clock  to 
the  colonel  and  at  three  o'clock 
next  mornin'  twenty  men  had  come, 
some  on  'cm  travelin'  nineteen 
miles  afoot.  This  was  in  Novem- 
ber, 1835.  I  saw  'em  march  by  and 
they  looked  grand,  I  tell  ye.  The 
officers  had  a  sword  and  belt,  with 
a  plume  on  their  caps-  The  uni- 
form was  blue  trimmed  with  red. 
Some  of  the  men  had  on  malishy 
suits,  and  the  horses  wTas  dressed 
out  as  gay  as  the  men. 

"There  was  some  fightin'  and 
some  was  'rested.  Canady  'thori- 
ties  threatened,  and  Governor 
Badger  said  he  would  order  out 
more  troops  if  they  was  needed ; 
but  after  awhile  the  troubles  sorter 
died  out,  some  movin'  across  the 
line  into  Canady  and  the  rest 
thinkin'  it  best  to  submit.  The 
line  house  was  shet  up.  Some  of 
the  settlers  made  claims  that  wan't 
fixed  up  till  1840,  when  Webster 
settled  with  Great  Britian.  Less 
see,  it  was  called  the  Webster-Ash- 


burton  Treaty,  and  in  it  the  line 
was  laid  down  as  the  States  claimed. 
And  now  here  I  been  knittin'  for 
the  allies  over  there,  and  the  French 
and  Injuns  and  Britishers  and  Ca- 
nadians all  fightin'  together.  My 
land,  how  things  do  change,  don't 
they?" 

"How  can  you  remember  so 
much?"  asked  one  of  the  girls. 

'"'Why,  I  hain't  nothin'  to  do  but 
remember  nowadays.  I  set  and 
set,  and  things  come  back  jest  as 
clear  as  when  they  happened,  a 
sight  clearer  than  what  happened 
last  week.  When  you  are  children 
the  things  you  see  and  hear  make  a 
great  impression,  and  1  was  allers 
a  great  hand  to  ask  questions,  and 
father  and  mother  wan't  seldom 
ever  too  much  in  a  hurry  to  tell  me. 
I'll  tell  you  sometime  some  stories 
that  father  used  to  tell  us  childun 
settin'  round  the  fireplace,  mother 
spinning  on  the  big  wheel  and 
father  whittlin'  out  axehelves  or 
sugar  taps  or  hoe  handles.  He  was 
jest  as  busy  evenin's  as  mother 
was." 

Mrs.  Pilsbury  finished  her  sock 
and  tale  together,  both  yarns  prov- 
ing of  long  duration,  saying  with 
true  authors'  egotism,  "I  call  that 
story  a  good  deal  better  than  some 
you  read  nowadays,  for  it's  true.  I 
wonder  if  Mandy  don't  want  me  to 
help  her  with  the  ironin'.  She  is 
stepping  considerable  fine  and 
makin'  some  noise,  so  I  guess  I'd 
better  go-" 

"You  promised  to  tell  us  about 
an    old-fashioned    dance   sometime." 

"You  mean  a  junket.  Yes,  I'll 
tell  you  about  one  we  had  when  I 
was  a  girl  at   Square  Doolittle's." 


LjVlfi 


MEMORIES 

By  Kaiharine  Sawin   Oakes 

Meadow-set   among  the   hills, 

Pine-screened    from  the   river, 
Lulled   at   dusk  by  whippoorwills 

And  the   veeries'   silver   thrills 
Of    swinging    song   a-quiver,— 

Century-old,  the  farmhouse  lifts 

Ripened    planks    and    spaces ; 
Smokes    from    ancient   chimney    rifts ; — 
Scorns   the   winter's   savage   drifts  ;— 
Summer's  sun  outfaces. 

At  one   corner  stands   a   shrub 

Lilac-sweet  in  Junetime, 
And  the  garden  is  a  club 
Where   the  bumblebees  all   rub 

Shoulders   in   the  noontime. 

Phlox  is  there  and  mignonette, 

Balsam,   purple   pansy, 
Larkspur,    lilies,    Bouncing   Bet. 
Peonies   and,— backward    set, — 

Hollyhocks   and   tansy. 

Often,   summer  afternoons, 

By  the  damask   roses, 
Grandma   sews   and   hums   old   tunes, 
Sometimes  knitting  as   she  croons, — 

Grandpa  reads  and  dozes. 

All  within  the  house  is  neat, — 

Front  hall  to  back  entry, — 
Clean  and   cool  and  country-sweet, 
Shaded  from  the  sun  and  heat, — 
Silence   for  a  sentry. 

Spacious   rooms,   low-ceiled    and   dim, 

Painted    floors,    broad-boarded, 
Chairs  and  tables  old  and  trim, 
Little   woodstoves   squatting   grim, — 
'Gainst  the  winter  hoarded. 

Landscaped    walls    their    scenes    repeat 

Up   the   slim-railed   stairway 
To   slant   roofs   where   raindrops  beat,- 
Summer    evenings, — quick    retreat 
To  slumber's  pleasant   fairway. 


MEMORIES  447 


From  the  ell  the  steep  back  stairs 
Toward  the  kitchen  stumble, — 

Fragrant   from  its  morning"  cares. 

It   leisurely    for  tea   prepares 
With   the    kettle's   grumble. 

In   the    milk    room,    pans   are   set, 

Shining  cool  and  dimly  ;— 
Ranged  in  creamy  silhouette, 
Big  and   little   crocks   beset 

Shadowed  shelves  so  primly. 

Just  inside  the  woodshed  door. 

The  dinner  bell  hangs,— -teeming 
With  summons    for   an   eager  corps 
From  mowing  field  or  threshing  floor 
To    hearty    dishc 

Where  the   barn   casts   ample   shade, 

Leo  lies  a-panting, 
Resting  from  a  far  crusade, 
Heedless  of  the  hens'  parade, — 

The  swallow's  squeaky  chanting. 

High   within,   sweet-smeling  mows 

With  clovered   hay  are   drifted; — 
The   linter  mute,   until   the  cows, 
Herded  home  at  evening,   drowse 
Above   milk   streams   down   sifted. 

Mossy-rimmed,  the  old  trough  stands 

With  icy  water   streaming, — 
Brown  depths  shot  with  silvery  bands 
Of   minnows   caught   by   childish   hands,— 

A-dart  and   thinly   gleaming. 

Ah !  that  brook,  that,  alder-grown, 

Through  the  pasture  wandered, 

Murmuring   in   undertone 

As  it  slipped  o'er  sand  and  stone, 

Wise  thoughts,  gayly  pondered. 

*  *    '  *  *  * 

They  are  distant  many  a  day, — 

All  these  scenes  and  faces, — 
Time  has  swept  them  jar  away, 
Love  will  cherish  them  alway 

In  the  heart's  high  places. 


^v<? 


THE  OLD  DOVER  LANDING 


By  Joint  B.  Stevens. 


We  shall  be  able  to  see  ancient 
Dover  as  a  whole,  when  Mr.  Scales' 
history  is  published.  But  writers 
of  newspaper  sandwiches,  maga- 
zine tales,  sketches  and  gropings, 
may  still  be  expected  to  find  some- 
thing- new  and  interesting. 

The  popular  history  of  an  old 
New  England  town  has  a  large  ele- 
ment of  anecdote,  plainness  and 
coarseness  it  it.  Stray  waifs — straws 
in  the  intellectual  atmosphere — not 
infrequently  afford  material  for  the 
most  efficacious   treatment. 

Always  there  will  be  occupation 
for  the  tradition  hunter's  leisure 
hours  and  lighter  moods.  For 
years  to  come  the  Water  Side  and 
Tuttle  Square  are  likely  to  yield 
traces  of  color  and  suggestion. 

smell  o 


The  stories  will    not  s 
lamp.     They    are    likely 


the 
to  address 
the  sensibilities  rather  than  the  in- 
tellect of  readers.  One  hundred 
years  ago,  neither  the  Landing  nor 
Tuttle  Square  was  a  literary  center. 
With  few  exceptions,  the  people  did 
not  apprehend  books.  From  gen- 
eration to  generation  every  son  was 
a  chip  of  the  old  block.  They  were 
plodders,  and  it  was  not  difficult  to 
manage  them.  Common  opinion 
only  nibbled  at  the  rights  of  labor, 
leaving  many  things  to   the  minister. 

The  Old  Landing  has  more  hu- 
man interest  than  any  other  part  of 
Dover.  From  the  sea  to  the  great 
north  country,  the  best  route  was 
through  the  ancient  town.  For  pur- 
pose of  trade  everything  wanted  in 
the  lonely  region  was  unloaded  on 
the  Landing  wharves.  The  people 
of  the  riverside  realized  this  ad- 
vantage. They  built  schooners  and 
gondolas  and  established  a  line  of 
communication  throughout  the 
state. 

The  alternate  bustle  and  languor 
of    the  Landing    streets    and  stores 


and  open  places,  the  old-fashioned 
taverns  and  underground  bars — 
cool  in  summer  and  aflame  with 
comfort  in  winter,  sailors  from 
Boston  and  Portsmouth,  all  furnish 
material  for  the  sketch-writer.  And 
we  may  rest  assured  that  the  primi- 
tive yarns  told  before  yawning  fire- 
places, piled  high  with  timber  from 
dismantled  ships,  have  not  wholly 
passed  into  oblivion.  However, 
it  must  be  admitted,  that  much  lies 
buried  under  new  crusts  and  may 
never  be  discovered. 

From  the  town  pump  to  where 
John  Williams'  store  stood,  Main 
street  reeks  with  memories  of  the 
olden  times.  Even  so  far  down  as 
the  closely  packed  lane,  later  known 
as   Linton's,  the   interest  extends. 

Agent  Williams,  Superintendent 
Paul,  Editor  Bragg,  Captain  Rog- 
ers, Dr.  Joseph  H.  Smith,  John  P. 
Hale,  B.  P.  Shillaber  and  Charles 
Gordon  Ames,  with  others  of  note, 
lived  at  different  times  in  the 
neighborhood.  Matters  are  differ- 
ent now.  But  alb  has  not  been  said. 
It  is  far  from  easy  to  overstate  the 
rudeness  of  the  old  days.  But  the 
buildings  they  set  up  must  be  al- 
lowed to  redound  to  the  honesty  of 
the  period.  Grim  and  grimed  to- 
day, an  air  of  permanence  still  re- 
mains. 

The  painter,  Gookin,  turned 
many  a  dollar  down  there.  He 
sketched  everybody;  crumbling 
warehouses,  boat  shelters,  schoon- 
ers, gondolas,  the  ripples,  reflec- 
tions and  gleams  of  the  river. 
Thanks  to  his  brush  we  know  just 
how  the  leading  inhabitants  looked. 
But  there  was  a  finer  rrfind  at  work. 
At  the  highest  pitch  of  the  local- 
ity's activity,  the  peering  eyes  and 
listening  ears  of  the  boy  Quint  were 
busy.  And  to  him  we  are  indebted 
for  what  we  really  know  about  the 


THE  OLD  DOVER  LANDING 


449 


dateless  head  of  Dover  tide-water.. 

A  very  old  man,  whose  people 
lived  elose  to  this  river  long  before 
our  second  war  with  Great  Britain, 
gave  us  much  information  regard- 
ing the  Landing.  We  have  not 
been  so  fortunate  as  to  Tuttle 
Square.  But  when  the  Tufts  mem- 
orabilia becomes  available,  doubt- 
less some  wonderful  stories  will- 
come  to  light.  The  old  man  spoken 
of  said  the  ancient  people,  up  and 
down  Main  street,  went  to  ex- 
tremes. They  were  either  exces- 
sively well-to-do  or  extremely  poor. 
There  was  no  middle  class,  so  no 
general  sense  of  propriety  existed. 
The  butchers  often  slaughtered 
hogs  on  the  Square.  The  auction- 
eer stood  on  the  watering  trough. 
Frequently  a  battle-royal  at  fisti- 
cuffs delayed  proper  use  of  the 
street.  And  between  whiles  terriers 
killed  rats,  and  there  were  cock- 
fights in  the  vicinity. 

But  patience  measurably  brought 
about  better  conditions.  Time 
takes  hold  of  human  nature  as  no 
man  has  yet.  As  years  went  on, 
and  when  their  daughters  found  em- 
ployment in  the  mills,  the  people 
became  more  refined,  dressed  their 
meat  at  proper  places,  and  conduct- 
ed their  pugilistic  combats  on  the 
wharves.  And  now  the  raw  hand 
of  improvement  is  spreading  its 
rule  over  all  the  locality.  This  will 


cost  something.  The  point  of 
many  an  old  story  will  be  blunted. 
The  prosy  cotton  mills  are  helping 
out  the  -spoliation.  The  whirl  of  a 
spindle  cramps  the  antiquary's 
hand. 

The  demon  rum  has  been  exer- 
cised without  bill  or  book.  Tins  is 
not  ail.  The  old  buildings  must  go. 
Though  strong  enough  to  sustain 
themselves  for  a  thousand  years  to 
come,  within  another  generation 
very  few  will  be  in  existence.  The 
original  inhabitants  died  out,  and 
one  at  a  time  three  nationalities 
have 'come  in.  There  is  some  dan- 
ger of  tameness  and  dulness,  but 
the  language  of  the  ballheld  and 
fistic  arena  may  offer  restraint. 

At  any  rate  the  Landing  is  a  no- 
table melting  pot.  Moreover,  the 
impression  is  gaining,  that  some 
da}'  we  shall  be  proud  of  the  ancient 
Landing.  There  Dover's  battle  for 
better      living     began.  There    it 

started  on  a  plane  low  enough  for 
us  to  see  the  stages  of  advance- 
ment. Landing  hearts  were  easily 
exalted.  They  instinctively  throb- 
bed and  burned  in  hours  of  national 
danger.  Their  tough  thews  and 
s*inews  filled  uniforms  in  every 
great  struggle.  The  wine  of  their 
lives  has  been  spilt  on  all  of  our 
tented  fields.  And  the  sea  has  had 
no  braver  sailors.  All  this  it  may 
be  well  to  remember. 


IN  THE  GARDEN 

By  Alice  Leigh 

Strange  comfort  I  have  drawn  from  these 

Gypsy  colors  on  swaying  trees ; 

The   fall  of  crisped  leaves  on  the  grass, 

The  tottch  of  tendrils  as  I  pass; 

The  scattered  flame  of  asters,  tall 

Against  a  somber  graying  wall; 

The  way  of  wind  with  roses — 

Swiftly  their  wonder  about  me  closes, 

As  if  a  sudden,  deep  belief 

Had  laid  cool  fingers  on  my  grief. 


*i£0 


OUTDOOR  SPORTS  IN  COLONIAL  TIMES 

By  Samuel  Copy    Worthen 


[Mr.  Worthen,  of  New  Hampshire  fam- 
ily connections,  is  a  resident  of  New  jer- 
sey and  practises  law  in  New  York  City. 
He  kindly  allows  us  the  use  of  this  paper, 
which  was  prepared  for  a  meeting  of  the 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  of  which 
he  is  the  geneaologist  in  his  home  state.] 

A  devotee  of  our  woods  and 
streams  has  remarked  that  many  as- 
tonishing cures  have  been  made  by 
"that  most  effective  of  surgical  in- 
struments, the  gun" ;  and  that  the 
fishing-pole  has  cheated  death  of 
more  victims  than  the  apothecary's 
pestle  and  pill-box.  Though  ex- 
aggerated, this  statement  contains 
a  germ  of  truth.  Outdoor  sports 
strengthen  the  muscles,  soothe  the 
nerves,  accelerate  the  circulation  of 
the  blood  and  produce  a  subtle  im- 
pression upon  mind  and  character. 
The}'  have  always  been  justly  re- 
garded as  an  important  factor  in  the 
development  of  national  virility. 
Hence  a  brief  glance  at  the  favorite 
sports  of  the  colonists  prior  to  the 
struggle  for  independence  may  not 
be  without  interest. 

A  pessimistic  Englishman,  writ- 
ing soon  after  the  war,  reported  that 
there  was  plenty  of  shooting  in  the 
United  States,  but  little  that  could 
be  called  hunting.  There  were  (he 
said)  no  greyhounds,  no  hares  with 
the  manners  and  habits  of  the  home- 
grown product,  and  scarcely  a  pack 
of  hounds  in  America !  He  com- 
plained that  hunters  did  not  follow 
deer  but  shot  them  from  ambush 
like  Indians.  He  evidently  thought 
all  was  wrong  which  did  not  con- 
form exactly  to  the  rules  prescribed 
in  the  tight  little  Isle  of  Britain. 
The  colonists  for  the  most  part  pre- 
ferred to  abandon  stereotyped  tradi- 
tions and  to  act  in  a  manner  suit- 
ed to  the  new  conditions  by  which 
they    were    surrounded. 

Deer  were  hunted  in  a  variety  of 
ways.  Sometimes  the  hunters  post- 
ed   themselves    on    knolls    or    other 


commanding  positions  and  waited 
for  the  deer  to  pass  within  shooting 
distance  of  their  "stations,"  after 
they  had  been  driven  from  cover  by 
men  and  dogs.  Others  sought  their 
haunts  by  the  shores  of  lakes  and 
rivers;  or  in  Indian  fashion  attract- 
ed therrf  by  moving  to  and  fro  in 
the  tall  grass,  alternately  imitating 
the  cry  of  the  male  and  raising  into 
view  the  head  and  horns  of  a  full- 
grown  buck.  This  sport  was  not 
devoid  of  danger,  for  deer  will  fight 
desperately  when  wounded  or  at 
bay,  leaping  up  and  striking  with 
their  sharp-edged  hoofs.  The  num- 
bers killed  will  be  indicated  by  the 
fact  that  in  1764  over  25,000  deer 
skins  were  shipped  from  New  York 
and   Philadelphia. 

The  critic  above  quoted  might 
have  felt  more  at  home  if  he  had  wit- 
nessed a  fox  hunt  in  Virginia.  This 
was  a  favorite  sport  from  Maryland 
southward,  but  little  practiced  else- 
where- Gay  parties  rode  to  the 
hounds  over  hill  and  dale,  through 
swamp  and  thicket,  in  the  approved 
English  fashion,  all  striving  to  be 
in  at  the  death  of  their  cunning  and 
resourceful,  if  not  very  ferocious, 
prey.  No  doubt  Washington  fre- 
quently took  part  in  this  invigorat- 
ing pastime.  Other  typical  sports 
in  the  south  were  cock-fighting  and 
horse-racing.  The  races  were  re- 
garded as  the  great  events  of  the 
year.  Planters  came  in  from  all 
parts  of  the  country  to  enter  their 
horses  in  the  "quarter-races"  or  to 
contest  for  a  purse  in  three-mile 
heats.  Shops  were  closed  and 
streets  deserted,  and  for  hours  the 
roads  leading  to  the  race-course 
were  choked  with  horses,  vehicles 
and  pedestrians.  Then  as  in  later 
days,  however,  gatherings  for  the 
enjoyment  of  this  line  sport  wrere 
too  often  marred  by  an  excessive 
manifestation      of      the        gambling 


OUTDOOR  SPORTS  IN  COLONIAL  TIMES 


451 


spirit,  and  by  drunkenness  and 
fighting-  among  the  lower  elements 
of    the    population. 

In  the  North  hunting  and  fish- 
ing, target  shooting-,  snowshoeing 
and  field  sports,  such  as  running 
and  jumping,  were  popular  diver- 
sions. It  is  not  easy  to  draw  a 
dividing  line  between  sports  and 
useful  activities,  as  the  two  were 
often  combined.  For  example,  a 
"raising,"  when  the  whole  country- 
side turned  out  to  help  a  neighbor 
put  up  a  house  or  barn,  was  made  a 
highly  festive  occasion.  Joy  \vas 
added  to  the  proceedings  by  copious 
drafts  of  cider  or  New  England 
rum.  Shouts  of  mirth  arose  as  the 
canteen  was  passed  from  mouth  to 
mouth,  and  when  the  building  was 
completed  one  of  the  party  would 
dedicate  or  christen  it  by  climbing 
to  the  top,  repeating  some  rude 
couplet  and  breaking  a  bottle  or  at- 
taching a  branch  of  a  tree  to  the 
gable. 

Trips  through  the  frozen  wilder- 
ness on  .snowshoes  were  not  always 
made  purely  for  sport,  though  con- 
stituting the  best  of  outdoor  exer- 
cise. The  snowshoe  men  of  early 
days  were  the  main  defense  of  the 
settlements  against  marauding  sav- 
ages. On  snowshoes  the  back- 
woodsmen of  the  north  sallied 
forth  to  track  the  lordly  moose 
to  his  lair  and  engage  him  in  single 
combat.  Thus  equipped  they  push- 
ed across  the  icy  wastes  with  trap 
and  gun  in  quest  of  the  fur-bearing 
animals. 

Sometimes  expeditions  were  di- 
rected against  wolves  and  bears, 
and  were  almost  as  much  in  the  na- 
ture of  defensive  warfare  as  sport- 
Wolves  came  down  in  famished 
packs  from  Canada,  killing  sheep 
and  pigs  and  other  domestic  ani- 
mals and  rendering  it  unsafe  for 
children  to  go  to  school  unattended. 
Bears  were  also  regarded  as  trouble- 
some enemies,  and  bounties  were 
paid    for    their   destruction. 

The  best  time  to  hunt  bears  was 


in  the  early  part  of  the  winter,  after 
the  snow  had  come,  but  while  they 
could  still  find  nuts  for  food  and  had 
not  yet  sought  their  dens  for  the 
the  remainder  of  the  cold  season- 
Dogs  were  trained  to  track  them 
down,  snap  at  their  heels  and  dodge 
back  in  time  to  avoid  their  teeth 
and  claws.  Thus  they  were  held 
until  the  hunters  came  up.  Some- 
times a  bear  would  take  refuge  in  a 
tree.  When  besieged  there  he 
would  not  try  to  escape  by  sliding 
down  the  trunk,  but,  would  roll  up, 
precipitate  hinrself  suddenly  from 
some  high  branch  to  the  ground  and 
trundle  away  like  a  hoop  into  the 
woods.  If  cornered  or  wounded 
these  animals  would  fight  savagely 
and  were  capable  of  making  things 
lively  for  their  human  as  well  as 
their   canine   opponents. 

The  men  and  boys  of  our  North- 
ern climes  also  delighted  in  such 
minor  sports  as  angling  for  trout 
and  pickerel ;  spearing  "suckers''  as 
they  swarmed  up  the  brooks  and 
streams  in  the  springtime,  or  the 
flashing  salmon  as  they  strove  to 
leap  obstructing  water-falls ;  and 
thoroughly  enjoyed  creeping 

through  rain  and  freezing  cold  in 
quest  of  the  much  prized  canvas- 
back. 

A  volume  would  be  required  to 
do  justice  to  my  subject.  This  very 
incomplete  account  may,  however, 
convey  some  idea  of  the  part  played 
by  open-air  sports  in  moulding  the 
minds  and  bodies  of  our  colonial 
ancestors.  Much  stress  has  been 
laid  upon  the  lessons  which  they 
learned  during  their  long  conflicts 
with  the  French  and  Indians  and 
the  discipline  which  they  derived 
from  the  hardships  and  privations 
incident  to  frontier  life  but  out- 
door sports,  such  as  those  above 
described,  no  doubt  aided  materially 
in  building  up  a  race  of  strong,  re- 
sourceful men  fit  to  cope  with  the 
trained  armies  of  Britain  on  the 
field   of   battle. 


Is* 


A  BROOK  IN  THE  WOODS 

(Late  Afternoon  in  Autumn) 

By  Charles   Wharton  Stork 

Smoothly,   swiftly  the   brook  swirls  by, 

And  through  the  tree-tops  the  paling  sky 

Wistfully  smiles  and  watches  it  go, — 

Wonders  why  it  must  always  flow: 

Joy  lies  in  seeing,  and  joy  in  loving; 

Joy  is  in  being,  not  in   moving, — 

So  broods  the   sky.     The  stout  old   trees 

Wonder  too  as  they  stand  at  ease. 

Stare  at   the   shadowy   surface   black 

That  goes  and  goes  and   never  comes   back, 

Or  in  some  pool  where  the  light  falls  through 

See  themselves  and  the  filmy  blue 

Of   the   sky.     "Whirl  on  !"  the   trees   then   scoff, 

"You  can't  even  whirl  our  image  off/' 

But  bluff  and  staunch  as  the  great  trees  stand, 

They  drop   through   many   a   listless    hand, 

Bit  by  bit  and   fold  upon  fold, 

Their  raiment  of  crimson  and  cloth-  of-gold. 

And  this  is  the  song  that  the  brook  bears  deep 

In  its  liquid  heart,  while  it  seems  asleep: 

I  can  not  tell  why  T  have  to  run, 

When  the  pausing-time  of  the  year  has  begun, 

When  the  winds  are  drowsing  and  birds  are   few. 

When  all  is  strange,  but  nothing  new, 

When  Death  is  more  tender  than  ever  Life  was; 

And  yet  I  may  never  take  breath,  because — 

Because,  because — shall  I  never  know  why, 

When   Nature's    footsteps  are  lingering,   I 

Must  hurry,  must  hurry,  and  never  be  still? 

The  little  fish  in  my  depths  are  chill; 

They  go  to  hide  in  the  good  brown  mud, 

And  my  water-plants  droop  with  the  sinking  flood 

Of  the  vital  warmth  from  the  world  and  me. 

But  I  do  not  pause;,  though  more  stealthily 

1 '  seem  to  go ,  I  am  hushed  to  hear 

The  last  half-sigh  of  the  failing  year. 


^T3 


BATH--A  TOWN  THAT  WAS 


By    Kate   /.    Kimball 


"Bath?  Where  is  Bath?"  The 
question  was  asked  a  few  years  ago, 
by  the  head  of  a  New  Hampshire 
school  for  boys — a  school  of  na- 
tional fame. 

Bath  is  in  Grafton  county  for- 
ty-one miles  from  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, eighty-two  from  Concord, 
thirty  from  Mount  Washington, 
and  one  hundred  fifty  from  Boston. 
(These  are  not  the  numbers  used  by 
conductors  that  take  up  mileage 
on  the  trains  of  the  Boston  and 
Maine.) 

The  town  is  pleasantly  located 
in  the  valley  of  the  Connecticut. 
The  Ammonoosuc  River  enters  its 
borders  near  the  northeast  corner; 
and,  after  pursuing  a  circuitous 
course  and  receiving  the  waters  of 
the  Wild  Ammonoosuc  four  miles 
from  its  mouth,  flows  into  the  Con- 
necticut at  the  southwest  angle  of 
the  town.  Near  the  confluence  of 
these  rivers  Mount  Gardner  rises 
with  a  bold  ascent,  and  extends  in 
a  northeasterly  direction,  nearly 
parallel  with  the  Connecticut  River, 
the  whole  length  of  the  town. 

Bath  was  first  surveyed  in  1760 
by  marking  its  corners,  and  desig- 
nating it  as  Number  10.  In  1761  a 
charter  was  granted  to  sixty-two 
men.  One  of  the  provisions  of  the 
charter  was  that  every  grantee 
should  plant  and  cultivate  within 
the  term  of  five  years,  five  acres  for 
every  fifty  acres  of  his  grant.  This 
provision  not  having  been  complied 
with,  the  original  charter  was  for- 
feited, and  a  second  one  granted  in 
1769.  This  priceless  document  is 
said  to  be  still  in  existence. 

The  first  Town  Meeting  was  held 
in  1784.  In  1785  delegates  from 
twelve  towns  met  at  the  house  of 
William  Eastman  in  Bath  and 
chose  Major  John  Young  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  General  Court  to  be  con- 
vened      at       Portsmouth,        Meshech 


Weare,  then  being  president,  as  the 
executive  head  of  the  state  was 
styled  under  the  Constitution  of 
1784.  This  William  Eastman  was 
the  son  of  Hannah  Eastman  who 
was  taken  captive  by  Indians  at  the 
same  time  Hannah  Dustin  was 
captured.  Mrs.  Eastman  was  taken 
to  Canada,  where  her  husband  found 
her  after  a  search  of  three  years. 
The  Indians  rarely  killed  white 
women  on  account  of  their  superior- 
ity to  squaws  in  the  noble  art  of 
cooking. 

In  1793,  three  towns,  Bath,  Lis- 
bon and  Lincoln/ united  in  choos- 
ing a  Representative,  and  these 
three  towns  continued  to  form  one 
Representative  District  until  1800 
when  Bath  alone  sent  a  Representa- 
tive- 

Champlain,  the  noted  French  ex- 
plorer, is  said  to  have  been  the  first 
white  man  to  set  foot  upon  the  soil 
of  what  is  now  New  Hampshire. 
This  occurred  in  July,  1605,  but  the 
first  settlement  was  not  made  until 
1623.  The  North  Country,  or  Cohos, 
as  this  part  of  the  state  was 
called  in  early  times,  was  settled 
late  on  account  of  fear  of  depreda- 
tions by  the  French  and  Indians, 
coming  down  from  Canada.  Daniel 
Webster  once  said  in  a  public 
speech,  "My  elder  brothers  and  sis- 
ters were  born  in  a  log  cabin,  reared 
among  the  snow  drifts  of  New 
Hampshire  at  so  early  a  period 
(1761)  that  when  the  smoke  first 
rose  from  its  rude  chimney  and 
curled  over  the  frozen  hills,  there 
was  no  similar  evidence  of  a  white 
man's  habitation  between  it  and  the 
settlements  on  the  rivers  of  Can- 
ada." 

The  first  settler  in  Bath  was  An- 
drew Gardner  who  came  in  1765, 
and  for  him'  Mount  Gardner  was 
named.  At  one  time  there  were  no 
less  than  nine  families  living  on  the 


454 


TH  E  ( "i R A X IT E  MONTH  L V 


mountain.  The  first  settler  in  the 
village  was  Jaaziel  Harriman.  He 
was  the  first  man  that  brought  his 
family  with  him.  The  Harrimans 
were  the  first  settlers  that  came  to 
the  North  Country  by  the  way  of 
Salisbury,  where  the  Websters 
lived.  The  pioneers  employed  an 
old  hunter  to  guide  them  through 
the  wilderness,  and  they  were  four 
days  performing  the  journey  from 
Concord. 


The  first  vegetables  raised  in 
town  were  planted  by  Mercy  Har- 
riman.. then  nine  years  of  age,  who 
earried  the  soil  in  her  apron  to  the 
top  of  the  rock,  and  there  made  her 
garden.  Wolves,  bear,  deer  and 
moose  were  prevalent  in  considera- 
ble numbers,  and  the  spot  for  the 
garden  was  chosen  on  account  of  its 
elevation  in  preference  to  the  fer- 
tile land  near  the  brook,  later  called 
Payson  Brook  which  flows  through 


Up  the  River — Bath 


A  pitch  of  500  acres  was  voted 
in  1767  to  Harriman,  and  he  owned 
all  the  land  on  which  the  village 
now  stands.  The  abstract  of  title 
to  all  village  property  goes  back  to 
him,  and  the  falls  were  long  known 
as  Harriman  Falls.  The  first  birth 
in  town  was  that  of  his  daughter, 
Mary ;  and  the  first  death,  that  of 
his  little  son,  two  years  of  age,  by- 
accident.  This  little  fellow  was 
the  first  person  buried  in  the  village 
cemetery.  The  Harrimans  camp- 
ed near  the  two.  rivers;  and  there 
were  four  wigwams,  occupied  by 
red  people,  between  their  cabin 
and    the    Wild    Ammonoosuc. 


the  meadow.  Mercy  later  married 
a  man  by  the  name  of  Carr,  and 
died  at  Corinth,  Vermont  in  1847 
at  the  age  of  eighty-nine.  Eighty- 
nine!  Another  link  in  the  chain 
of  evidence  that  gardening  is  con- 
ducive  to   longevity. 

The  Harrimans  lived  in  Bath  but 
two  years,  when  they  removed  to 
Chester,  New  Hampshire.  The  re- 
moval was  due  to  Mrs.  Harriman's 
dread  of  Indians.  She  was  a  brave 
woman  ;  but  when,  in  the  absence  of 
her  husband  who  had  gone  to  pro- 
cure provisions,  four  savages,  deco- 
rated with  paint,  invaded  the  pri- 
vacy of  her  bedroom  where  she  was 


BATH— A  TOWN  THAT  WAS 


455 


sleeping  with  her  young  children , 
and  when  she  was  obliged  to  rise 
from  her  couch  at  night  to  hurl 
torches  of  blazing  pine  knots  among 
the  wolves  to  drive  them  from  her 
cabin,  she  decided  that  she  pre- 
ferred to  live  where  there  were 
more  white  people- 
Mercy  was  as  courageous  as  her 
mother.  Seeing  some  Indians  ap- 
proaching, both  parents  being  ab- 
sent,    she     hastened      the    younger 


Rath  has  not  always  been  the 
quiet  little  hamlet  it  now  is.  In  its 
period  of  greatest  prosperity,  from 
1820  to  1850,  it  was  the  most  im- 
portant town  in  the  North  Country. 
Its  prosperity  was  due  to  its  fertile 
soil  (it  being  one  of  the  best  agri- 
cultural towns  in  the  state),  its 
water  power,  central  location,  the 
integrity  and  energy  of  its  inhabi- 
tants, and  the  large  proportion  of 
wealthy   men.     In    1830   its   popula- 


£ 

V  ' ''■'     '• 

'^^ "~'l 

'■'1 
1 

,1 

.'1 

• 

I 

:  ' 

r^~"^Hxi,- : 

f. 

t 
j 

■•' 

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'.:.:.  1,.  :■ 

The  Street — Bath 


children  into  a  kind  of  closet  that 
was  partitioned  off  by  a  blanket  in 
one  corner  of  the  room,  hid  one  of 
them  in  a  barrel  of  feathers,  another 
under  a  wash-tub,  and  herself  re- 
tired under  the  bed  with  the  baby — 
feeing  it  sugar  and  water  to  keep 
it  quiet.  The  Indians  came  in, 
looked  around ;  and,  perceiving  no 
one,  took  some  tallow,  and  went 
off.  Mrs.  Harriman  sometimes 
helped  her  husband  in  securing  pro- 
visions. A  young  moose,  swim- 
ming across  the  river,  no  sooner 
reached  the  shore  than  she  seized 
it,  cut  its  throat  with  a  knife,  and 
added  meat  to  her  larder. 


tion  was  1,626,  nearly  three  times 
what  it  is  now.  In  1844  there  were 
380  names  on  the  check  list — not 
including  women  1 

The  first  appropriation  for  a 
public  school  was  in  1786,  when  it 
was  voted  to  raise  sixty  bushels 
of  wdieat  for  the  support  of  a  teach- 
er. In  1830  there  were  in  all  the 
public  schools  of  the  town  531  pu- 
pils.    There  are  now  163. 

For  many  years  an  academy  was 
in  a  flourishing  condition,  which,  in 
1852,  gave  employment  to  nine  in- 
structors, and  numbered  one  hun- 
dred  students. 

The  three  villages  of  the  town — 


456 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


the  Upper,  the  Lower,  and  Swift- 
water — were  centers  of  trade  and 
business  for  miles  around.  Nor 
was  activity  wanting  in  other  parts 
of  the  town.  There  were  ten  saw- 
mills, a  brick  yard.,  many  starch 
factories,  clothing,  grist  and  clap- 
board mills;  nail,  whetstone,  wool- 
en and  bedstead  factories ;  fond — 
mirabile  dicta — two  whiskey  dis- 
tilleries. 

Money  was  not  in  early  times 
plentiful,  it  was  difficult  for  a  small 
farmer  to  get  hold  of  enough  coin  to 
pay  his  "rates"— the  word  he  used 
for  taxes.  A  system  of  barter  was 
employed  in  ordinary  business.  It  is 
related  that  a  man  once  took  an  egg 
to  a  store  to  exchange  for  a  darning 
needle  for  his  good  wife.  As  was 
customary  at  that  time  when  a  trade 
had  been  consummated,  the  customer 
was  invited  by  the  merchant  to  take 
a  drink.  The  usual  three  fingers  of 
whiskey  were  poured  into  a  glass, 
but  the  customer  did  not  immediate- 
ly drink  it.  He  finally  said,  "I 
usually  take  an  egg  in  my  whiskey." 
Whereupon  the  merchant  ?:a.ve  him 
the  identical  egg  he  had  brought  to 
pay  for  the  darning  needle.  .When 
broken,  it  transpired  that  the  egg  held 
two  yolks.  Whereupon  the  customer 
said,  "I  think  I  ought  to  have  two 
darning  needles."  Yankee  acquisi- 
tiveness ! 

When  the  Revolutionary  War 
broke  out  not  less  than  forty-six 
men  of  the  not  yet  organized  town- 
ship enlisted,  while  the  whole  pop- 
ulation was  less  than  seventy  fami- 
lies. In  the  military  history  of  the 
town,  the  family  of  Bedel  is  most 
conspicuous,  no  less  than  eight  of 
that  name  having  entered  the  Revo- 
lutionary War  ;  and  three — father, 
son  and  grandson — were  generals  in 
the  Revolutionary  War,  the  War  of 
1812,  and  the  Civil  War,  respective- 
ly; and  they  were  all  men  of  extra- 
ordinary fidelity  and  bravery. 
Timothy,  the  eldest,  raised  four 
regiments     for    the      Revolutionary 


War,  two  of  which  he  commanded 
and  led  to  Canada;  his  son,  Moody, 
accompanied  his  father  in  both  ex- 
peditions to  Canada,  and  later  dis- 
tinguished himself  in  the  brilliant 
sortie  at  Fort  Erie  in  the  War  of 
1812;  and  the  grandson,  John,  when 
a  young  man  of  twenty-five  enlisted 
in  the  Mexican  War.  The  last 
command  of  his  mother  to  him  as 
he  bade  her  farewell  was  'not  to  re- 
turn home  shot  in  the  back."  John 
also  served  valiantly  in  the  Civil 
War,  and  a  bronze  monument  in 
the  cemetery  to  his  memory  bears 
the  inscription :  "Erected,  by  his 
surviving  comrades  of  the  3rd  N. 
H.  Volunteers  for  his  sterling  in- 
tegrity, undaunted  courage,  and 
heroic  devotion  to  his  country." 
Bath  furnished  her  quota  for  the 
Mexican  War;  more  than  her  quota 
for  the  War  between  the  States; 
and,  though  greatly  depleted  in 
population,  a  round  dozen  for  the 
World  War,  who  fought  bravely 
on  land  and  sea,  some  of  whom 
enlisted,  and  one  of  whom  fell  in 
battle. 

In  early  years  Bath  always  had 
one  or  two  good  hotels;  and  the 
large  brick  -hotel,  built  and  owned 
by  the  Carletons,  wras  long  known 
as  the  best  between  Boston  and 
Canada.  In  the  hall  connected  with 
this  hotel,  were  held  long  ago  many 
refined  dances,  for  which  the  mu- 
sicians came  from  Boston  in  horse- 
drawn  stage  coaches,  the  journey 
occupying  three  days,  and  the 
price  of  a  ticket  to  a  dance  was 
five  dollars ! 

Less  than  three  weeks  after  Bath 
was  organized  the  town  voted  that 
four  bushels  of  wheat  a  day  be  al- 
lewed  a  clergyman  for  his  services. 
The  first  building  for  religious  ser- 
vices was  a  shanty-like  affair, 
which  later  burned  down.  The  first 
meeting  house  was  erected  at  West 
Bath,  and  completed  in  1805.  The 
site  is  now  marked  by  a  cairn  of 
stones.       The     first     sermon     was 


BATH— A  TOWN  THAT  WAS 


457 


preached  in  this  church  by  Rev- 
erend David  Sutherland.  Mr.  Suther- 
land ministered  to  the  church  and 
people  thirty-eight  years,  and  resid- 
ed here  until  his  death  in  1855. 

Father  Sutherland,  as  he  was 
endearingly  called,  was  a  remark- 
able man.  Though  living  in  Puri- 
tan times,  religion  as  exemplified 
by  him,  was  never  sad.     He  was  a 


State  Legislature;  before  a  small 
collection  of  rural  people  on  a  hill- 
side ;  or  in  Boston,  New  York,  or 
Philadelphia  churches,  where  he 
sometimes  preached,  and  to  one  of 
which  he  was  earnestly  entreated 
to  minister  permanently.  He  once 
preached  before  an  audience  of  ten 
thousand  people  assembled   to  wit- 


ness 


.•■■' 

■ 

1 

1 

■ 

s^ 

•-■•    "         -:  -—■ 

% 

'•A      ' 

%             i     «** 

f 

^fes 

J^ff'-  ■.:'■•■'■',   '   '..    '-^:i 

'- 

;. 

■    .. 

■ 

General  John  Bedel 


man  of  winning  personality.  He 
had  a  kind  heart  and  the  charity 
that  thinketh  no  evil.  The  promi- 
nent traits  of  his  character  were 
humility,  benevolence  and  sym- 
pathy. His  sermons,  though  ex- 
temporaneous, were  adapted  to  an 
audience  which  greatly  varied.  He 
acquitted  himself  equally  well  be- 
fore his  own  church  people ;  before 
the  General  Association  ;  before  the 


Hampshire  imprison- 
ment for  debt  was  not  abolished 
until  1841.  In  1805  Russell  Free- 
man who  had  been  a  Councilor  in 
the  state  and  speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  was  impris- 
in  the  Haverhill  jail  for  debt.  Two 
other  men  were  confined  in  the 
same  room  for  the  -  same  cause. 
Josiah  Burnham,  one  of  the  debtors, 
a    quarrelsome     and     brutal   fellow, 


438 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


enraged  at  the  complaints  made  of 
his  ravenous  appetite  and  ungov- 
ernable passions,  fell  upon  Mr. 
Freeman  and  his  companion  and 
murdered  them  both.  He  was  tried, 
and  hanged  for  the  crime  the  follow- 
ing year.  It  was  upon  tins  occasion 
that  Mr.  Sutherland's  services  were 
sought. 

At  the  time  of  Mr.  Sutherland's 
ministry  in  Bath,  the  support  of 
the  church  was  part  of  the  business 
of  the  town.  Of  the  salary  voted 
him  in  Town  Meeting  he  never  re- 
ceived more  than  three-fourths  of 
the  stipulated  sum,  as  he  declined 
to  take  anything  from  those  who 
favored  other  denominations  than 
the  Congregational,  and  from  those 
who  were  unwilling  or  unable  to 
pay.  Indeed  if  it  came  to  his  ears 
that  any  had  paid  grudgingly,  he 
actually  returned  to  them  the  sums 
they  had  paid.  If  it  had  not  been 
for  a  small  property  brought  to  him 
by  his  wife,  he  declared  he  would 
have  been  reduced  to  absolute  pov- 
erty. Yet  when  he  had  ministered 
in  the  town  twenty  years,  he  went 
into  Town  Meeting  and  asked  to 
have  his  salary  reduced,  giving  as 
his  reason  that  as  produce  had  fall- 
en in  value,  it  might  not  be  conven- 
ient for  many  to  pay  the  sums  as- 
sessed upon  them. 

From  1833  to  1843  there  were  in 
Bath  four  churches,  and  all  were 
well  filled  on  Sundays.  Christmas 
was  ignored  as  a  relic  of  Popery,  but 
on  Fast  Days  and  Thanksgivings 
every  human  being  went  to  church. 
This  deep  interest  in  religion  had 
not  wholly  passed  in  my  own  child- 
hood. It  seems  to  me  now  that  the 
atmosphere  at  that  time  was  com- 
posed of  three  elements — religion, 
education,  and  oxygen  with  an  im-* 
mense  difference  in  stress — ponder- 
ously on  the  first;  a  little  less  on  the 
second ;  and  none  at  all  on  the  third, 
which  was  furnished  by  nature,  and 
to  which  no  thought  was  given. 

The  highest  civil  office  held  by  an 


inhabitant  of  Bath  was  that  of  Mem- 
ber of  Congress,  two  men  having 
served  in  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives-— Mr.  James  H,  Johnson  ,two 
terms,  and  Mr.  Harry  Hibbard, 
three  terms.  Mr-  Hibbard  was  a 
lawyer  prominent  in  his  profession, 
and  an  intimate  friend  of  Franklin 
Pierce.  Upon  the  accession  of 
Pierce  to  the  Presidency,  Mr.  Hib- 
bard was  tendered  several  positions, 
including  a  seat  on  the  Supreme 
Bench  of  the  State — all  of  which  he 
refused  on  account  of  ill  health. 

I  well  remember  the  visit  paid  to 
Mr.  Hibbard  by  the  ex-President. 
The  great  man  attended  church  and 
bowed  his  head  in  prayer.  A  Puri- 
tan stands  upright  when  he  prays. 
Few,  if  any,  in  the  little  church  had 
ever  seen  a  head  bowed,  and  the 
matter  was  discussed.  Some  were 
of  the  opinion  that  reverence  held 
no  part  in  the  inclination,  and  that 
the  visitor  was  simply  overcome  by 
a  slight  faintness  from  which  he 
soon  recovered. 

The  highest  judicial  office  ever 
held  by  an  inhabitant  of  Bath  was 
that  of  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State — an  honor  con- 
ferred upon  Andrew  Salter  Woods, 
the  first  native  of  Bath  to  practice 
law     . 

The  first  physician  came  to  Bath 
in  1790 — Doctor  Isaac  Moore.  Many 
others  practised  in  the  town  for 
longer  or  shorter  periods.  Though 
all  were  successful,  the  most  belov- 
ed and  those  who  remained  longest 
were  Doctor  John  French,  who  came 
from  Landaff  in  1822;  and  William 
Child,  a  native  of  the  town  who 
died  in  1918,  aged  eighty-four.  Doc- 
tor Child  served  as  surgeon  in  the 
Civil  War,  and  witnessed  the  assas- 
ination  of  President  Lincoln.  Bath 
for  many  years  was  noted  for  the 
ability  and  number  of  its  lawyers, 
at  one  time  no  less  than  thirteen 
dwelling  within  its  limits. 

The  most  prominent  family  in 
the  village  was  that  of  Moses  Paul 


BATH— A  TOWN  THAT  WAS 


459 


Payson.  He  came  in  1798  and  soon 
acquired  a  large  and  successful  prac- 
tice. Mr.  Payson  was  polished, 
graceful,  easy  yet  dignified,  in  man- 
ner, a  perfect  presiding  officer.  He 
took  great  interest  in  town  affairs 
and  filled  many  offices — both  low 
and  high.  His  means  were  ample 
and  iie  built  first  a  large  frame 
house  for  his  dwelling,  and  later  in 
1810  the  spacious  brick  house  still 
known    as   the   Pavson   Place.       He 


ous  Judge  Livermore  of  Holderness. 
Arthur  came  to  Bath  about  18-40, 
lived  in  the  town  seventeen  years, 
and  afterward  went  to  Ireland  as 
consul.  After  the  Livermores  left 
the  house  was  rented  in  sections  to 
various  people,  and  in  the  sixties  it 
was  bought  by  D.  .K'.  Jackman  who 
occupied  it  as  his  home  until  his 
death  in  1877.  Mr.  Jackman  ad- 
ded g-reatly  to  the  comfort  and 
beauty   of  the  house   by   putting  in 


•-■     .  ■  :-     •    ..-•..< 


The  Payson   Place 


was  a  classical  scholar,  and  familiar 
with  the  buildings  of  antiquity.  He 
knew  the  Parthenon,  every  line  in 
which,  by  actual  measurement,  is  a 
curve.  The  expression  of  his  taste 
is  seen  in  the  beautiful  arched  doors 
and  central  windows,  the  curves  in 
the  facade,  the  stairway,  and  inter- 
ior partitions.  Airs.  Payson  was  a 
woman  of  great  personal  beauty, 
charming  in  manner,  and  a  gracious 
hostess.  Of  their  rive  children  only 
one  reached  middle  life,  and  no  lin-. 
eal   descendants  are  now  living. 

After  the  Paysons  the  next  owner 
and  occupant  of  the  house  was 
Arthur   Livermore,  son  of  the  fam- 


modern  appliances,  and  building  a 
porch  around  it.  For  nearly  forty 
years  after  his  family  left  it,  the 
house  was  unoccupied.  It  has  now 
been  restored,  and  is  used  as  a  hotel. 
Other  interesting  old  buildings  in 
Bath  are  the  Brick  Store,  symmet- 
rical in  construction  and  formerly 
lighted  by  large  windows,  each  con- 
taining sixty-four  small  square 
panes  of  glass,  and  the  brick  houses 
at  The  Upper  Village  in  the  English 
style  of  archecture-  Two  families 
prominent  at  The  Upper  Village  for 
many  years  were  the  Hutchins  and 
Goodall  families.  Of  the  (former, 
Arthur    Hutchins    was    conspicuous 


460 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


in  ability  and  character,  beloved  of 
all  who  knew  him,  and,  when  the 
news  came  that  he  had  fallen  in  the 
Battle  of  the  Wilderness,  a  young 
man  with  life  all  before  him,  it 
seemed  as  if  the  whole  town  went 
into  mourning.  Of  the  Cioodall 
family,  a  son  Francis  Henry,  re- 
ceived the  rare  Congressional  medal 


in  whom  all  had  unbounded  confi- 
dence. Many  had  placed  their  en- 
tire accumulations  in  his  hands,  as 
Savings  Banks  had  not  been  estab- 
lished. Thousands  of  dollars  were 
thus  lost  directly,  and  thousands  more 
indirectly,  by  diverting  trade  to  other 
towns.  Another  cause  of  the  de- 
terioration of  the  town  was  the  de- 


Artijur   Hutchins 


of  Honor  for  his  bravery  in  carry- 
ing under  fire  from  the  field  of  bat- 
tle at  Fredericksburg,  to  a  place  of 
safety,  a   wounded   comrade.* 

Bath  has  been  visited  by  many 
serious  floods  and  fires,  but  the  de- 
cadence of  the  town  was  due  in 
great  part  to  the  financial  failure  of 
a      business      man      in      the      village 

*Mr.  GoodaH's  career  is  described  in 
the  Granite  Monthly  for  November, 
1912. 


population  of  the  farms.  The  build- 
ing of  the  raihvays  made  the  fertile 
prairie  land  of  the  interior  of  our 
country  easy  of  access,  and  family 
after  family  left  their  homes  in 
Bath  never  to  return.  More  than 
half  a  century  ago,  a  party  was  held 
in  Grinnell.  Iowa,  to  which  all  the 
people  that  had  once  lived  in  Bath 
were  invited.  Over  sixty  individ- 
uals were  present. 

That   business  in   Bath   wall   ever 


MONADNOCfC  461 

revive   is   not  to   be  expected.     But  Mountains,    and    the    hospitality    of 

the   beautiful   sites    for.  cottages   on  the    inhabitants,    lead    to   a   not   un- 

all   the   roads  leading  out  from   the  reasonable      expectation      that      the 

village,  the  lovely  views,  the  springs  township  in  the  near  future  will  be 

of  pure  water  on  almost  every  hill-  the   summer  home   of  many  people 

side,    the    easy    accessibility    of    all  of  moderate  means, 
points     of     interest    in     the    White 


MONADNOCK 

By  J.  L.  McLanc,  Jr. 

(Charles  MacVeagh  Jr.  was  lost  in  a  snow-stcrrn  on  the 
slopes   of   the    Mountain,    February   Fourteenth,    1920.) 

Oh  brooding  presence  of  unchanging  rest, 

Broadr shouldered   Titan   of   primordial   age, 

With  thrushes  singing  at  your  leafy  breast 

And  hills  and  hamlets  clustered  at  your  knees— 

Slow-sloping   summit   cloaked   about  with  trees, 

What  portion  have  you   in  Time's  heritage? 

What   fetters  bind   your  giant   limbs   of   stone, 

Sinister  Shadow,  that  you  brood  alone, 

All  unattended  in  your  lonely  state — 

Sentinel  of  a  realm  inviolate? 

Was  it  because  he  loved  you  that  you  drew 

His  spirit  to  you?     Was  it  jealous  pride 

Of  his  fleet-footed  beauty  as  he  grew 

Sweeter  and  stronger,  that  you  called  him  hence, 

Wounding  our  hearts  with  wonder  when  he  died 

In   your    unyielding    snows    dumb    innocence? 

I  cannot  think  that  it  was  otherwise 

Than  that  you  knew  he  loved  you !     Did  you  know 

That   he  -was    wearied    of    life's    gilded    lies — 

Earth's  promises  that  cheat  us  as  the  dew 

Gathered    from   cobwebs   by   the   hands   of    Day? 

Surely   for  this  you  called  his  heart   away 

Up  to  the  slopes  he  loved,  the  heights   he  knew 

Could  bring   him   healing ! — -   For  his   hurt  heart    found 

In  that  last  silence,  that  white  hush  of   snow, 

A  way  to   further,  finer  life Profound, 

Dark  to  my  searching  eyes  your  shadows  grow : 

An  ultimate  enigma  that  will  stay 

Sure  with  his  love,  until  Death  calls  away 

A  heart  less  noble  and  a  soul  less  clear 

Into  those  starry,  pathless  realms  he  entered  without  fear. 


HtcA 


SNOW 

By    Charles   Nevers   Holmes 


[Mr.  Holmes,  a   Massachusetts  man  of 

New  Hampshire  ancestry,  is  a  long-time 
contributor  whose  reading  has  led  him 
into  unusual  by-ways  whence  he  has 
extracted  much  of  the  curious  interest 
which  this  paper  reflects.  His  allusion 
to  the  great  storm  of  1717  refunds  'as 
that  it  suggested  to  Cotton  Mather  the 
thought  of  the  thaw  which  must  follow. 
There  resulted  a  lecture  on  the  text,  "He 
sendeth  forth  His  Word,  and  melteth 
them."  Mather  noted  a  heavy  snowfall 
on  February  24  as  well  as  on  the  earlier 
date.  Even  as  late  as  March  7,  Mather 
entered  in  his  diary  that  business  still 
had  "an  uncommon  Stop  upon  it." 
Editor.] 

A  large  part  of  the  1,700,000,000 
people  dwelling  upon  this  little  planet, 
which  we  call  Earth,  have  never  seen 
any  snow;  bat  a  large  part  of  the 
citizens  dwelling  in  the  United  States 
have  beheld  snow,  more  or  less  of  it. 
Indeed,  winter's  white  mantle  covers 
only  about  one-third  of  the  58,000,- 
000  square  miles  of  our  world's  land 
surface,  varying  greatly,  of  course, 
according  to  the  seasons.  In  conti- 
nental United  States,  snow  sometimes 
falls  in  regions  where  it  is  unexpect- 
ed, and  the  amount  of  snow-fall  is 
different  from  year  to  year.  Re- 
cently nature  has  been  most  prolific 
in  snow  storms,  but  we  should  re- 
member that  there  is  a  record  of  a 
snow-fall  during  February  19  to  24, 
1717,  which  had  a  depth  of  five  to 
six   feet. 

Within  the  United  States,  the  aver- 
age annual  fall  of  snow  varies  from 
ten  tu  thirty  feet  in  the  West,  and 
from  eight  feet  in  the  East  to  no  snow 
in  the  farthest  South.  However, 
even  in  tropical  regions  snow  may 
exist  upon  high  mountains ;  for  ex- 
ample, not  far  from  the  equator,  there 
is  perpetual  snow  at  a  height  of  about 
18,000  feet  (about  three,  and  four 
tenth  miles).  In  the  Himalaya 
Mountains  this  snow-line  approxi- 
mates, on  the  north  side,  20,000  feet, 
whereas  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  it 
approximates  11,000  feet.     In  Iceland, 


near  the  Arctic  Circle,  the  mountains 
are  Covered  with  perpetual  snow  at  a 
height  of  about  3,000  feet,  while, 
further  north,  the  snow-line  starts  at 
about  sea-level.  In  the  northern 
hemisphere,  snow  has  been  seen  to 
fall  as  far  south  as  Canton,  China 
(latitude  23°),  whereas,  in  the  south- 
ern hemisphere,  it  has  fallen  as  far 
north  as  Sydney,  Australia  (latitude 
34°). 

As  we  well  know,  a  cubic  foot  of 
snow  will  not  yield,  when  melted,  a 
cubic  foot  of  water.  Water,  when 
frozen,  expands  in  volume ;  for  ex- 
ample, an  iceberg  is  larger  than  an 
equal  amount  of  water.  Snow 
owing  to  the  lightness  of  its  stuc- 
ture,  contains  much  less  water  than  is 
contained  by  an  equal  amount  of  ice. 
As  an  illustration,  seven  or  eight 
inches  of  very  wet  snow  are  equal  to 
about  an  inch  of  rain,  but  it  would 
require  two  or  three  feet  of  very  dry 
snow  to  equal  an  inch  of  rain- fall. 
However,  the  average  snow  storm 
consists  of  about  one-tenth  water. 
That  is  to  say,  a  snowfall  of  two  feet 
is  equal  to  a  rainfall  of  about  two  and 
four-tenths  inches.  In  other  words, 
under  usual  conditions,  a  snow  fall  of 
two  feet  over  the  whole  of  continen- 
tal United  States,'  excluding  Alaska 
and  including  southern  regions  where 
such  a  snow-fall  is  impossible,  or  an 
area  of  about  three  million  square 
miles,  would  approximate  a  snow  vol- 
ume of  169  trillion  cubic  feet.  That 
is,  a  snowfall  of  two  feet  would  be 
equal  to  a  cubical  block  ten  miles  in 
each  dimension.  If  this  huge  cubic- 
al block  could  be  placed  beside  Mt. 
Everest,  the  highest  mountain  in  the 
world,  it  would  loom  more  than  four 
miles  above  Mt.  Everest's  summit. 

Respecting  the  extraordinary  snow 
storm  of  1717,  to  which  reference 
has  already  been  made,  the  Boston 
Mews  Letter  (February  25th)  pub- 
lished the   following :   "Besides  sever- 


SNOW 


463 


al  snows  we  had  a  great  one.  on  Mon- 
day the  18th  current  and  on  Wednes- 
day the  20th  it  began  to  snow  about 
noon  and  continued  snowing  till -Fri- 
day the  2.3d.  so  that  the  snow  lies  in 
some  parts  of  the  streets  about  six 
foot  high."  "\\ 'ith  regard  to  this 
storm  the  Rev.  John  Cotton  wrote  to 
his  father  (February  27),  "I  went 
to  Boston,  &  by  reason  of  the  late 
great  &  very  deep  snow  1  was  detain- 
ed there  till  yesterday.  I  got  with 
diffculty  to  the  terry  on  Friday,  but 
couldn't  get  over  :  went  back  to  Mr. 
Belcher's  where  I  lodged.  Tried 
again  the  next  day.  Many  of  us 
went  over  the  ferry.  &  held  a  council 
at  Charlestown.  &  having  heard  of 
the  great  difficulty  of  a  butcher,  who 
was  foundered,  dug  out,  &c,  we  were 
quite  discoraged :  went  back  &  lodg- 
ed with  abundance  of  heartiness  at 
Mr.  Belcher's.  Mr.  White  &  I  trudg- 
ed thro'  up  to  the  South. ,  where  I 
knew  Mr.  Colman  was  to  preach  in 
the  forenoon,  when  he  designed  to 
give  the  separate  character  of  Mr. 
Pemberton  (who  died  February 
13th).  1  ordered  my  hoise  over  the 
ferry  to  Boston  vesterdav,  desi^ninij 
to  try  Roxbury  way — but  was  so 
discoraged  by  gentlemen  in  town, 
especially  by  the  Governor,  with 
whom  I  dined,  that  I  was  going  to 
put  up  my  horse  and  tarry  till 
Thursday,  and  as  I  was  going  to  do 
it  I  met  Capt.  Prentice.  Stowell,  &e., 
come  down  on  purpose  to  break  the 
way  &  conduct  me  home — which  they 
kindly   did   and    safely,    last  night." 

This  snowfall  of  six  feet  was  in- 
deed extraordinary,  but  it  should  be 
compared  with  the  depth  of  snow 
that  overtook  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Donner, 
who  endeavored  to  reach  California, 
in  1846.  They  had  journeyed  as  far 
as  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains 
when  a  heavy  snow  storm  descended 
upon  them.  Their  fate  is  thus  des- 
cribed by  an  old-time  guide-book, 
Crofutrs  Trans-continental  Tour- 
ist: "During  the  night,  the  threaten- 
ed  storm   burst   over   them   in   all   its 


fury.  The  old  pines  swayed  and  bent 
before  the  blast,  bearing  destruction 
and  death  on  its  snow-laden  wings. 
The  snow  fell  heavily  and  fast,  as  it 
can  fall  in  those  mountains.  In  the 
morning  the  terror-stricken  emigrants 
beheld  one  vast  expanse  of  snow,  and 
the  large  while  flakes  falling  thick 
and  fast.  Still  there  was  hope. 
Some  of  the  cattle  and  their  horses 
remained.  They  could  leave  the 
wagons,  and  with  the  horses  they 
might    possibly    cross    the    mountains. 

"The  balance  of  the  party  placed 
the  children  on  the  horses,  and  bade 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Donner  a  last  good-by ; 
and,  after  a  long  and  perilous  battle 
with  the  storm,  they  succeeded  in 
crossing  the  mountains  and  reaching 
the  valleys,  where  the  danger  was  at 
an  end.  The  storm  continued,  almost 
without  intermission,  for  several 
weeks,  and  those  who  had  crossed 
the  Summit  knew  that  an  attempt  to 
reach  the  imprisoned  party  would  be 
futile,  until  the  spring  sun  should 
melt  away  the  icy  barrier. 

"Early  in  the  spring  a  party  of 
brave  men  started  from  the  valley  to 
bring  out  the  prisoners,  expecting  to 
find  them  alive  and  well,  for  it  was* 
supposed  that  they  had  provisions 
enough  to  last  them  through  the  win- 
ter. After  a  desperate  effort,  which 
required  weeks  of  toil  and  exposure, 
the  party  suceeded  in  scaling  the 
mountains,  and  came  to  the  camp  of 
the  Donners."  However,  this  rescue 
party  arrived  too  late.  Both  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Donner  had  perished.  There  is 
one  very  interesting  fact  concerning 
tins  early  tragedy  of  the  West.  The 
Donners  had  cut  down  some  trees 
near  their  camp,  and,  of  course,  the 
heights  of  the  resulting  tree  stumps 
indicated  the  depth  of  snow  when  these 
trees  were  cut.  "Some  of  them  are 
twenty  feet  in  height." 

In  Dr.  Hartwig's  "The  Polar 
World,"  published  long  ago,  there  is 
considerable  information  respecting 
snow.  He  writes,  "Snow  protects  in 
an    admirable    manner    the    vegetation 


-464 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


of  the  higher  latitudes  against  the  cold 
of  the  long  winter  season.  For  snow- 
is  so  bad  a  conductor  of  heat,  that 
in  mid-winter  in  the  high  latitude  of 
50°  50'  (Rensselaer  Bay),  while  the 
surface  temperature  was  as  low  as 
— 30°.  Kane  found  at  two  feel  deep 
a  temperature  of  — 8°,  at  four  feet 
4-2°,  and  at  eight  feet  +26",  or  no 
more  than  six  degrees  below  the  freez- 
ing-point of  water.  Thus  covered  by 
a  warn'  crystal  snow-mantle,  the 
northern  plants  pass  the  long  winter 
in  a  comparatively  mild  temperature, 
high  enough  to  maintain  their  life, 
while,  without,  icy  blasts — capable  of 
converting  mercury  into  a  solid  body — 
howl  over  the  naked  wilderness ;  and 
as  the  first  snow- falls  are  more  cel- 
lular and  less  condensed  than  the 
nearly  impalpable  powder  of  winter, 
Kane  justly  observes  that  no  'eider- 
down in  the  cradle  of  an  infant  is 
tucked  in  more  kindly  than  the  sleep- 
ing dress  of  winter  about  the  feeble 
plant-life  of  the  Arctic  zone.'  Thanks 
to  this  protection,  and  to  the  in- 
fluence of  a  sun  which  for  months 
circles  above  the  horizon,  even  Wash- 
ington, Grinnell  Land  and  Spitzbergen 
are  able  to  boast  of  flowers. 

"It  is  impossible  to  form  any  thing 
like  a  correct  estimate  of  the  quantity 
of  snow  which  annually  falls  in  the 
highest  latitudes.  So  much  is  certain 
that  it  can  not  be  small,  to  judge  by 
the  violence  and  swelling  of  the  rivers 
in  spring.  The  summits  of  the  hills, 
and  the  declivities  exposed  to  the 
reigning  winds,  are  constantly  de- 
prived of  snow,  which,  however,  fills 
up  the  bottom  of  the  valleys  to  a  con- 
siderable height.     Great  was  Midden- 


dor  fFs  astonishment,  while  travelling 
over  the  tundra  at  the  end  of  winter, 
to. find  it  covered  with  no  more  than 
two  inches,  or  at  the  very  utmost 
half  a  foot,  of  snow;  the  dried  stems 
of  the  Arctic  plants  everywhere  peep- 
ing forth  above  its  surface.  This  was 
the  natural  consequence  of  the  north- 
easterly storms,  which,  sweeping  over 
the  naked  plain,  carry  the  snow  along 
with  them,  and  form  the  snow-waves, 
the  compass  of  the  northern  namads. 

"It  is  extremely  probable  that,  on 
advancing  towards  the  pole,  the  fall 
of  snow  gradually  diminishes,  as  in 
the  Alps,  where  its  quantity  likewise 
decreases  on  ascending  above  a  cer- 
tain  height." 

Not  only  scientists  but  also  poets 
have  described  the  snow.  In  con- 
clusion, it  seems  fitting  to  quote  from 
\\  nittier's  "Snow-bound." 

"Unwarmed  by  any  sunset  light 
The   gray  day  darkened  into  night, 
A    night   made    hoary   with   the   swarm 
And    whirl-dance    of    the    blinding   storm, 
As    zigzag    wavering    to   and    fro 
Crossed  and  recrossed  the  winged  snow: 
And    ere    the    early    bed-time    came 
The   white   drift   piled   the   window-frame, 
And    through    the    glass    the    clothes-line 

posts 
Looked    in    like    tall    and    sheeted    ghosts. 

So   all    night    long   the    storm   roared   on: 
The    morning    broke    without   a    sun; 
In    tiny   spherule   traced   with   lines 
Of   Nature's    geometric   signs, 
In    starry    flake,   and    pellicle, 
All    day    the    hoary    meteor    fell; 
And,    when    the    second    morning    shone, 
We    looked    upon   a    world    unknown, 
On   nothing   we   could    call    our   own. 
Around    the    glistening    wonder    bent 
The   blue    walls    of   the    firmament, 
No   cloud   above,    no   earth   below, — 
A    universe    of    sky    and    snow!" 


</fcfi- 


A  GASOLINE  TAX  FOR  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

By    Wlnthrop    Wadleigh 


[This  voluntary-  contribution  from  a 
Dartmouth  undergraduate  is  welcomed 
as  showing  that  some  of  our  students 
take  an  interest  in  current  problems. — 
Editor.] 


The    present    tax    system 
Hampshire    is    being" 


New 
to   a 


great  deal  of  investigation  and  criti- 
cism. The  tax  situation,  to  the  minds 
of  many,  seems  to  be  unjust  in  many 
respects,  and  agitation  for  a  change 
will  be  in  order  when  the  State  Leg- 
islature convenes  at  Concord  in  Janu- 
ary. 

A  tax  committee  of  three  members 
was  appointed  by  the  Farm  Bureau 
last  spring  to  investigate  the  situation. 
Recently  the  committee  reported  on 
its  findings.  Among  the  many  prac- 
tical suggestions  they  made,  a  tax  on 
gasoline  seemed  the  most  acceptable 
and  the  most  likely  to  be  favored  by 
the  legislature. 

According  to  this  plan,  a  tax  of 
probably  one  or  two  cents  would  be 
levied  on  each  gallon  of  gasoline  sold 
to  motorists  in  New  Hampshire.  The 
revenue  thus  obtained  would  go  into 
the  coffers  of  the  State  for  the  main- 
tenance of  highways.  On  account  of 
this  increased  revenue  the  cost  of  reg- 
istration could  be  lowered.  This  plan/ 
I  think,  has  three  definite  advantages. 

In  the  first  place,  the  foreign  cars 
would  pay  something  toward  !the 
maintenance  of  the  highways.  'Dur- 
ing the  summer,  the  roads  of  New 
Hampshire  are  crowded  with  tourists 
travelling  in  the  state.  They  wear 
out  the  roads  to  a  marked  degree,  yet 
contribute  little  to  their  upkeep. 
Such  a  condition  is  obviously  unjust 
to  the  tax  payers  who  are   forced  to 


pay  for  the  roads  the  tourists  wear 
out.  A  gasoline  tax  would  render 
the  situation  much  more  equitable. 

The  second  advantage  is  that  the 
owner  of  a  heavy  car  or  truck  would 
contribute  much  more  than  t**e  owner 
of  a  light  one.  The  heavy  cars  wear 
the  roads  out  more,  burn  more  gas, 
and  this  will  force  the  habitual  driver 
taxes.  The  heavy  trucks  to  a  large 
extent  are  responsible  for  the  poor 
condition  of  the  roads  and  a  gasoline 
tax  would  force  their  owners  to  con- 
tribute their  share  towards  the  re- 
pairing of  the  damage  they  do. 

The  third  advantage  is  that  car  own- 
ers who  only  drive  a  comparatively 
few  miles   in   a  season   will   not  have 

*  to  contribute  more  than  their  due  share 
of  taxes.  As  it  is  now,  they  pay  just 
as  much  as  though  they  drive  every 
day  in  the  year.  With  the  registration 
fee  reduced,  they  will  pay  more  nearly 
in  proportion  to  the  distance  they  drive 
and  dus  will  force  the  habitual  driver 
to  pay  his  share  toward  the  mainte- 
nance of  highways.  At  the  present- 
time,  it  costs  more  to  put  a  car  on  the 
road  in  New  Hampshire  than  any  oth- 
er state,  and  the  reduction  of  the  regis- 

•  tration  fee  will  make  it  cheaper  for 
the  occasional  driver,  but  more  xpeen- 
sive  for  the  habitual  driver.  This  ob- 
viously renders  the  situation  much 
more  just. 

A  gasoline  tax  has  been  tried  out 
in  other  states,  Connecticut  for 
example.  It  has  worked  successfully 
there.  No  reason  can  be  given  why  it 
will  not  work  successfully  in  New 
Hampshire  also.  A  high  degree  of 
probability  exists  that  it  will.  It  cer- 
tainly should  be  given  a  trial. 


THE  SPENCE  HOUSE 

PORTSMOUTH.  N.  H. 


By  Joseph  Foster^  Rear  / 

(R, 

In  view  of  the  coming-  tercente- 
nary it  would  seem  well  that  the  re- 
cent erroneous  identification  of  the 
"Joseph  Whipple  House'"  as  the 
"Spence  House/'  Portsmouth  (a 
house  of  special  historic  note), 
which  was  printed  and  widely  cir- 
culated, should  be  corrected  for  the 
general  information  of  our  present 
and  absent  sons  and  daughters. 

Lot      No.      30,      "Lower      Glebe 
Lands,"  at  the  X.  E.  corner  of  State 
and    Chestnut    streets,    Portsmouth, 
N.   H.,      is  marked     on   the   ancient 
"Glebe"    record  : 
"M.  Nelson,  1709." 
"J.  Whipple,  1788  and   1823." 
Lot  No.  39,  "Lower  Glebe  Lands," 
Portsmouth,    N.    H.,   at    the   S.   W. 
corner  of  State  and  Fleet  streets,  is 
marked  on  the  same  ancient  record  : 
"T.  Booth,  1709." 
"}.  Sherburne,  1730." 
"Robt.  Trail,   1799." 
"Keith     Spense     (Spence),    1788." 
"Mrs.  Spense   (Spence),   1823." 
(Gurney's    "Portsmouth    Historic 
and  Picturesque,"  Portsmouth,  1902, 
page    150.     Also   "Historical    Calen- 
dar   of     Portsmouth,     published    by 
the  Box  Club  of  the  North  church, 
Portsmouth,    N.  H.,    Miss    Frances 
A.      Mathes     and    Mr.     Charles    A. 
Haslett,   editors,"   Portsmouth,  1907, 
page  20.) 

Mary  Whipple,  daughter  of  Cap- 
tain William  Whipple,  senior,  and 
his  wife,  Mary  Cutt,  and  sister  of 
General  William  Whipple,  signer 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
was  born  in  1730,  married  Robert 
Trail,  born  in  the  Orkney  Islands, 
a  distinguished  merchant  of  Ports- 
mouth, Comptroller  of  the  Port  un- 
til the  Revolution,  and  afterward 
Collector  of  the  island  of  Bermuda; 
and  resided   in  this  house  then  and 


Idmiral  (S.  C),   U.  S.  Navy 

"tired) 

now  standing  at  the  southwest 
corner  of  State  and  Fleet  Streets, 
old  No.  82,  new  No.  340  State 
Street.  She  survived  her  husband 
and  died  3d  October,  1791,  age  61 
years. 

Robert  and  Mary  (Whipple) 
Trail  had  three  children,  Robert, 
William  and  Mary.  Robert  and 
William  went  to  Europe  where  they 
settled,  and  Mary  married  Keith 
Spence,  Esquire,  a  merchant  from 
Scotland  who  settled  in  Ports- 
mouth— parents  of  Captain  Robert 
Trail  Spence,  United  States  Navy, 
and  grandparents  of  the  late  Com- 
modore Charles  Whipple  Pickering, 
United  States  Navy  of  Portsmouth, 
and  of  James  Russell  Lowell,  the 
distinguished  essayist  and  poet, 
United  States  Minister  to  Spain 
and    England. 

Keith  Spence  of  Portsmouth,  N. 
PL,  purser,  U,  S.  Navy,  1  SCO- 1805, 
"a  gentleman  justly  held  in  high 
estimation  for  his  probity,  intelli- 
gence, and  nice  sense  of  honor," 
"was  the  bosom  friend  and  mentor 
of  Decatur  ("Goldsborough's  Chron- 
icle," Vol.  1,  page  228.)  lie  was 
Purser  of  the  frigate.  Philadelphia, 
when  that  vessel  was  captured  by 
the  Tripoli-tans,  31st  October,  1803 
(Cooper,  Vol-  1,  page  225,)  and  was 
a  prisoner  in  Tripoli  during  the  at- 
tack of  7th  August,  1804,  in  which 
his  son  distinguished  himself.  He 
died  suddenly  at  New  Orleans,  and 
was  buried  there.  Mrs,  Spence 
survived  her  husband  and  died 
January  10,  1824,  aged  69. 

The  stones  of  Mrs.  Mary  (Cutt) 
Whipple,  Mrs,  Trail  and  Mrs. 
Spence  are  in  the  North  cemetery, 
Portsmouth,  near  that  of  their  dis- 
tinguished son,  brother  and  uncle, 
General    William    Whipple,    on  the 


WILLOW  TREE 


467 


rising  ground  near  the  center  of  the 
cemetery. 

Robert  Trail  Spence,  appointed 
Midshipman,  .United  State-s  Navy, 
15th  May,  1800,  who  distinguished 
himself  in  the  attack  on  Tripoli,  7th 
August.  1804,  as  related  in  "Coop- 
er's Naval  History"  died  a  Cap- 
tain, United  States  Navy,  26th 
September,  1826.  He  took  part  in 
the  defence  of  Baltimore,  when  at- 
tacked by  the  British  in  1814,  and 
was    in  command    of  the  naval  es- 


tablishment at  Baltimore  for  sev- 
eral years  before  his  death,  and  is 
buried  in  Loudon  Park  cemetery, 
near  that  city. 

Much  additional  information  as 
to  the  Whipple  and  related  families 
will  be  found  in  the  "Presentation 
of  Flags"  and  "Presentation  of 
Portraits  of  Whipple  and  Farra- 
gut,"  included  in  the  "Soldiers  Me- 
morial," Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  1893- 
1921." 


WILLOW  TREE 

By  Alice  Leigh 

Willows,  slender  fingers  swaying", 
Tenuous,  cleave  the  amber  light; 

Willows,  long  green  fingers  playing, 

Tune  phantom  notes  to  wind-swept  night. 

Rippling,  skipping,  softly  dipping, 
Rhythmic,  pulsing,  dulcet,  fond — 

(Where  the  singers?     Who  the  singers, 
To  her  witching  notes  respond?) 

Willows,  slender  fingers  weaving 

Tapestry  with  cunning  skill ; 
Willows,  long  green  fingers  tracing, 

Leave  strange  patterns,  weird  and  chill ; 

Warp  of  silken  green  and  amber 
Shot  with  dusky  shadows  blue ; 

Woof  of  silver  bird-notes  lacing 
In  and  out  through  and  through. 

(Where  shall  hang  her  mystic  carpet 
When  her  weaving  task  is  through?) 

Willows,  slender  fingers  weaving 
Secret  carpets  for  the  dew. 

Willows,   slender   fingers  closing 
Tighter,  tighter  round  my  heart; 

Twining,  twisting,  turning,  thrusting 
Our  two  worlds  so  far  apart — 


(Are  you  near  me?     Can  you  hear  me? 

Can  you  see  the  willow  spread 
Silken  shadows  for  the  dancers, 

Can  you  hear  their  spectral  tread?) 


•  ■ 


•w? 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY  DAY' 


The  New  Hampshire  College 
last  month  offered  fifteen  reading 
courses  by  mail  to  those  interest- 
eel  in  agriculture  and  home  eco- 
nomics. Any  resident  of  New 
Hampshire  may  have  this  Exten- 
sion Service  free,  either  singly  or 
as  a  member  of  a  group  study  class 
The  courses  offered  are:  Soils  and 
Fertilizers;  Farm  Crops;  Farm 
Stock;  Orchard  Management;  Dairy 
Farming;  Poultry  Husbandry; 
Swine  Husbandry ;  The  Farm  Wood 
Lot;  Vegetable  Gardening;  Bee 
Keeping;  Small  Fruits;  Farm  Man- 
agement; Feeding  the  Family; 
Clothing  the  Family ;  Household 
Management.  Each       course       is 

based  upon  a  simple,  practicable 
textbook,  supplemented  by  federal 
and  state  bulletins.  Mr.  J.  C.  Ken- 
dall of  Durham  is  the  director  of 
the   Extension    Service. 


Dartmouth  College  also  is  fol- 
lowing up  last  year's  extension 
course  plans  and  has  already  en- 
gaged for  a  course  in  English  liter- 
ature for  teachers  and  townspeople 
in  Keene  and  in  Brattleboro,  Ver- 
mont. The  system  will  probably 
be  carried  into  other  towns  of  New 
Hampshire  and   Vermont 


The  election  on  November  7  de- 
veloped into  the  most  pronounced 
political  overturn  New  Hampshire 
has  seen  in  about  half  a  century. 
Ten  years  ago  Democratic  success 
was  due  to  a  split  in  the  Republi- 
can party.  This  year  the  Repub- 
licans were  not  disunited,  neverthe- 
less the  Democrats  elected  the  gov- 
ernor, one  congressman  and  a 
clear  majority  in  the  lower  branch 
of  the  Legislature.  The  Council 
remains  Republican  by  four  to  one 
and  the  Senate  by  sixteen  to  eight. 
A  peculiar  situation,  due  to  the 
constitutional  -rule  that  districts 
shall  be  divided  in  effect  according 


to  wealth,  gave  the  Democrats  a 
majority  of  all  the  votes  cast  for 
councilors  and  senators,  and  allow- 
ed the  Republicans  to  win  a  large 
majority    of    the    seats- 

The  total  vote  for  governor  was: 
Fred  H.  Brown  of  Somersworth, 
Democrat,  72,834;  Windsor  H. 
Goodnow  of  Keene,  Republican, 
61,528.  A  Republican  majority  of 
over  31,000  two  years  ago  was  thus 
turned  into  a  Democratic  majority 
of  over  11,000.  There  are  several 
causes  assigned  for  the  turnover — 
the  issue  as  to  the  forty-eight  hour 
Work-week  for  women  and  children 
(which  was  not  met  by  Mr.  Good- 
now's  eleventh-hour  declaration  that 
he  would  approve  a  forty-eight-hour 
bill  if  passed  by  the  Legislature), 
the  unpopular  poll  tax  for  women, 
which  the  Democrats  promised  to 
abolish,  the  discontent  in  the  cities 
affected  by  the  textile,  railroad  and 
paper  strikes  (all  those  cities  went 
Democratic  without  reference  to 
their  prior  partisan  leanings),  the 
general  apathy  of  the  confident  Re- 
publicans, coupled  with  the  effec- 
tive work  of  the  not-too-hopeful 
Democrats,  the  agreement  of  the 
two  debt-burdened  state  commit- 
tees not  to  use  money  for  adver- 
tising. 

In  the  First  Congressional  Dis- 
trict, William  N.  Rogers,  Demo- 
crat, of  Wakefield,  won  by  over 
6,000  from  John  Scammon,  Repub- 
lican, of  Exeter.  In  the  Second 
District,  Edward  H.  Wason,  Re- 
publican, of  Nashua,  retained  his 
seat  by  some  over  3,500  majority 
over  his  fellow-townsman,  William 
H.  Barry. 

The  defeat  of  G.  Allen  Putnam 
of  Manchester  leaves  Benjamin  H. 
Orr  of  Concord  as  the  only  avowed 
candidate  for  President  of  the  Sen- 
ate who  escaped  the  Democratic 
landslide. 

In    view    of  the    Democratic  con- 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY  DAY 


469 


resulting   from    di- 


trol  of  the  House,  all  pre-election 
candidacies  for  Speaker  and  com- 
mittee chairmanships  pass  by  the 
hoard.  Various  suggestions  have 
since  election  been  made  as  to  the 
speakership — William  J.  Ahern,  for 
many  years  Democratic  floor-lead- 
er and  a  skilled  parliamentarian-, 
former  Senator  Nathaniel  E.  Mar- 
tin, former  Congressmen  Raymond 
B.  Stevens.  There  are  those,  how- 
ever, who  would  keep  Mr.  Ahern 
for  the  floor  leadership  and  the 
head  of  the  Appropriations  Com- 
mittee, Mr-  Martin  for  the  Judi- 
ciary and  Mr.  Stevens  for  Ways 
and  Means — places  for  which  these 
gentlemen  have  special  aptitude — 
and  give  the  speakership  to  one  of 
several    other    possibilitie 

The  situation 
vided  control  of  the  executive  and 
legislative  departments  is  likely 
to  result  in  the  inability  of  the 
Democrats  to  assume  full  responsi- 
bility. It  is  doubtful  whether 
Governor  Fred  H.  Brown  will  be 
able  to  affix  his  signature  to  a 
forty-eight-hour  law,  not  because 
he  lacks  the  will  to  do  so,  but  be- 
cause the  Legislature  may  not  give 
him  the  opportunity  to.  It  is  sur- 
mised that  .some  Democrats  from 
the  farming  districts  may  decline 
to  vote  for  such  a  bill.  On  the 
other  hand,  some  Republicans  are 
peronally  favorable  to  such  legis- 
lation and  find  nothing  in  their 
party  platform  to  forbid  them  fol- 
lowing their  bent.  Possibly  the 
Legislature  may  adopt  the  Repub- 
lican platform  suggestion  and  ap- 
point a  special  committee  to  in- 
vestigate the  whole  .subject. 

With  four  Republican  Councilors 
to  check  him,  the  incoming  Gov- 
ernor will  find  it  difficult  to  make 
the  customary  partisan  appoint- 
ments to  various  state  offices  and 
commissions.  This  may  result,  in 
the  opinion  of  some  observers,  in 
the  avoidance  of  "trading"  and  the 
appointment  of  officials  on  the  basis 


of  proved  worth.  Perhaps  most 
important  of  all  the  appointments 
will  be  that  of  Chief  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  to  succeed  the  Hon- 
orable Frank  N.  Parsons,  whose 
term  expires  by  age  limitation  in 
1924- 

As  the  Democrats  will  have,  a 
majority  in  joint  convention,  the 
legislative  election  of  Secretary  of 
State  and  State  Treasurer  may  re- 
sult in  the  retirement  of  Messrs. 
Bean  and  Plummer.  Enos  K.  Saw- 
yer, President  of  the  Senate  in 
1913  and  a  defeated  candidate  for 
the  Council  this  year,  is  the  most 
prominent  candidate  for  Secretary 
of  State,  while  George  E.  Farrand, 
State  Treasurer  during  the  Felker 
administration  and  just  retired 
from  the  postmastership  of  Con- 
cord, is  mentioned  for  return  to  his 
former   place    in   the    State   House. 


A  well-attended  meeting  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Civic  Association 
in  Manchester,  on  November  17, 
listened  to  an  interesting  discussion 
of  the  problem  of  New  England 
railroad  consolidation.  Governor 
Albert  O.  Brown  spoke  briefly  of 
the  magnitude  and  seriousness  of 
the  question,  but  without  commit- 
ting himself  to  either  suggestion 
that  has  been  made — (1)  the  con- 
solidation of  all  New  England 
roads  into  one  system  and  (2)  the 
union  of  the  northern  and  southern 
lines,  respectively,  with  two  of  the 
great  railways  west  of  the  Hudson. 
Prof.  Cunningham  of  Harvard  ad- 
vocated the  latter  in  an  able  speech. 
President  Hus'tis  of  the  Boston  and 
Maine  Railroad  made  some  sugges- 
tions, and,  while  expressing-  the 
thought  that  consolidation  was  in- 
evitable under  the  Transportation 
Act,  doubted  that  now  is  the  time 
for  it.  Professor  William  Z.  Rip- 
ley sent  an  illuminating  memoran- 
dum inclining  to  the  all-New  Eng- 
land group  consolidation.  A  letter 
from  President  Todd  of  the   Bangor 


470 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


and  Aroostook  emphasized  his  well- 
known  opposition  to  any  consoli- 
dation. Altogether  the  meeting 
was  most  sticcesiul  in  getting  be- 
fore the  Association  the  conflicting 
views  and  arguments  bearing  on 
what  is  perhaps  the  most  vexed 
and  momentous  problem  which 
New  Hampshire  faces. 


Students  of  the  vexing  taxation 
problems  of  New  Hampshire  find 
little  ground  for  hoping  to  redis- 
tribute the  incidence  of  public  bur- 
dens, or  to  bring  under  just  taxa- 
tion the  intangibles  which  are  now 
largely  escaping,  without  consti- 
tutional amendment.  It  had  been 
thought  by  most  people  impossible 
to  alter  the  constitution  without 
the  delay  of  calling  and  holding  a 
new  convention.  Governor  Brown, 
the  president  of  the  19J  8-1921  con- 
vention, has  recently  pointed  out, 
however,  that  that  convention  ad- 
journed last  }'ear  to  meet  again  at 
the  call  of  the  president.  As  presi- 
dent the  Governor  intimates  that 
he  would  not  assume,  unadvised, 
the  responsibility  of  reassembling 
that  body,  but  apparently  a  re- 
quest by  the  Legislature  would 
have  the  effect  of  giving  him  war- 
rant for  doing  so.  Such  a  call, 
followed  by  prompt  submission  of 
an  amendment  to  the  people,  might 
enable  the  voters  to  act  upon  the 
amendment  next  March,  and  thus 
open  the  way  for  legislation  at  the 
coming  session  of  the  General 
Court.  Would  the  voters  ratify 
an  amendment?  Citing  their  fail- 
ure to  do  so  twice  in  the  last  three 
years,  some  observers  say  "no-" 
The  more  optimistic  point  out  that 
much  water  has  passed  under  the 
bridge  during  the  last  eighteen 
months,  and  place  some  reliance 
upon  good  organization  to  reverse 
former  votes. 

The  strike  situation,  which  we 
discussed  last  month,  has  cleared 
in  part.     The  railroad  shopmen  are 


still  out,  but  President  Hustis 
stated  in  mid-November  that,  as 
tar  as  the  railroad  was  concerned, 
it  was  already  a  closed  book.  At- 
tempts, official  and  unofficial,  to 
bring  about  a  conference  between 
the  managers  and  the  men  have  been 
so  far  fruitless.  On  the  part  of 
the  managers  the  "everything 
normal"  statement  is  said  to  have 
been  used.  The  men,  however, 
still  claim  that  rolling-stock  is  not 
in  condition  to  meet  traffic  de- 
mands and  assert  that  the  railroad 
has  places  for  several  hundred  men 
which  the  strikers  might  fill.  The 
attitude  of  the  managers  seems  to 
be  that,  were  this  true  (and  they 
do  not  admit  it),  the  return  of 
strikers  in  considerable  numbers 
would  result  in  the  new  employes 
leaving — with  the  result  that  the 
strikers   would   win. 

In  the  textile  mills  the  last  few 
weeks  have  apparently  seen  in- 
creasing activity,  with  more  oper- 
atives at  work  and  more  looms  run- 
ning- After  many  rumors  and  de- 
nials of  an  impending  breaking  of 
the  strike  at  Manchester,  the  most 
important  happening  for  some  time 
came  with  the  statement  on  No- 
vember 25  by  Vice  President  Starr 
of  the  United  Textile  Workers 
that,  with  the  Democratic  victory 
at  the  polls,  the  forty-eight  hour 
is  assured.  He  then  added  to  the 
strikers : 

"With  a  full  realization  that  my 
motives  will  be  impugned  by  some, 
but  with  a  deep  and  abiding  con- 
viction that  I  am  doing  what  is 
right,  1  want  to  say  further  that  I 
cannot  find  it  in  my  heart  to  ask 
your  devoted  ranks  to  make  further 
sacrifice  and  endure  more  suffer- 
ing, more  particularly  as  I  know 
that  the  real  and  permanent  vic- 
tory for  the  48-hour  week  is  not  to 
be  won  in  the  offices  of  the  textile 
corporations  but  in  the  legislative 
halls  of  the  state  house." 

Whether    the    strike,    unwon    in 


NEW   HAMPSHIRE  DAY  BY  DAY  471 

forty-odd    weeks    by    the   customary  ment  by   Mr.   Starr,  the    Amoskeag 

tactics,  has  been  won  at  the  ballot-  employes   took      a    ballot    and      voted 

box.    the  early  months    of   1923  will  overwhelmingly     to   return   to     work, 

determine.     If   .so,    a    new    strategy  As    fast  as  production  can  be  resum- 

in    industrial    warfare    will    disclose  ed,    the    various    departments    of    the 

possibilities.     Following    the    state-  mills   are   reopening. 


A  SONG  OF  HOPE 

By  Lyman  S.  Merrick 

Each  sunset  has  a  sunrise, 

Each  midnight  has  a  morn  ; 

The  day  that  April  dieth, 

That  day  the  May  is  born. 

The  acorn  in  the  darkness 

Molds  so  that  the  oak  may  rise ; 

And  by  and  bv  the  worms  that  creep 

Will  all   be   butterflies. 

There's  no  life  lacks  a  love  time, 

No  year's  without  a  spring. 

Every  bird  that  builds  a  nest 

Well  knows  a  song  to  sing 

That's  full  of  hope,  and  takes  life  at  it's  best. 


MARY,  MOTHER 

By  Helen  Adams  Parker 

Mary,  Mother,  smiling  sweetly, 
On  your  baby  looking  down ; 
Is  your  heart  at  rest  completely, 
Like  the  smooth  fold  of  your  gown? 

Or  does  a  dim  foreboding 
Of  some  trouble  lurking  near, 
Press  upon  your  mind,  corroding — 
Turning  gladness  into  fear? 

Mother  Mary,  keep  on  smiling; 
The  sad  hour  has  not  begun, 
WMi  a  traitor's  dark  beguiling, 
Which  awaits  vour  little  son. 


Hu 


ED1T0MAI 


What  is  poetry 1  We  do  not  at- 
tempt to  say.  Fundamentally  we 
agree  with  the  donor  of  the  Brookes 
More  prize,  who  stipulated  that  the 
prize  should  not  be  awarded  for  free 
verse.  Sometimes  we  fall  into  the 
drift  of  the  times,  and  publish  con- 
tributions by  the  modernists.  That 
is  our  journalistic  sense — we  reflect 
the   days   doings. 

Last  month  one  of  our  most  valued 
contributors,  now  serenely  contemplat- 
ing the  future,  sent  us  "one  more 
bit  of  verse."  With  it  was  a  note. 
"I'm  afraid  I  am  too  antiquated  for 
the  new  order  of  things/'  she  wrote, 
"but  I  am  looking  to  it  with  much  in- 
terest." 

Free  verse  is  an  experiment. 
Youth  likes  to  experiment,  and  tlie 
young>ters  are  trying  the  new  form. 
They  cannot  he  denied  their  fling,  but 
will  they  succeed  in  making  poetry? 
Like  our  old  friend,  we  are  interest- 
ed to  see.  Meanwhile,  with  Mr. 
More,    we   confess   to   liking   the   old 


form      better- — even    though     we     be 
deemed  fogies. 

There  is  a  beauty  in  form ;  there  is 
a  beauty  in  thought.  To  both  beau- 
ties claim  can  be  made  by  much  of 
the  "old"  poetry — but  not  all  of  it. 
While  some  of  the  "new"  poetry  has 
beauty  of  form  and  some  has  beauty 
of  thought,  only  a  little  escapes  a 
strain  of  ugliness  in  both.  Our  lay- 
man's advice  to  the  experimenters  is, 
not  to  give  over  the  experiment,  but 
not  to  continue  it  unless  they  sweat, 
as  the  old  school  sweated,  to  make 
their  verse  yield  beauty  of  both  form 
and  thought.  One  or  two  modern- 
ists have  so  far  measureably  done  it, 
but  the  school  as  a  whole  has  not  yet 
succeeded.  The  modernist  challenges 
the  reader,  but  the  reader  is  not  yet 
won. 


Mr.  William  Stanley  Braitwaite 
this  year  names  in  his  list  of  maga- 
zine verse  "The  Poet,"  by  John  Rol- 
lin  Stuart,  published  by  us  in  the 
April,    1922,   number.   . 


BOOKS  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  INTEREST 


New  Hampshire  ix  History,  by 
Henry  Harrison  MetcalL  Pub- 
lished by  the  author  at  Concord, 
New  Hampshire.  $1.00. 
In  this  little  volume  of  a  few  over 
one  hundred  pages,  Mr.  Metcalf  seeks 
primarily  to  suggest  what  the  Gran- 
ite State  has  contributed  to  the  de- 
velopment of  the  nation.  While  the 
aim  is  not  to  give  the  history  of  the 
state,  the  first  quarter 'of  the  book 
is  devoted  to  an  outline  of  the  prin- 
cipal events  of  our  first  century  and 
a  half.  Then  follows  in  brief  com- 
pass, for  the  book  is  an  evening's 
lecture  somewhat  amplified,  a  resume 
by  states  and  professions  of  the  ac- 
tivities of  New  Hampshire  natives 
who  have  migrated  to  other  states 
and  there  left  an  impress. 


Inevitably  the  work  is  hardly  more 
than  a  catalogue  of  the  names  of  such 
sons  and  daughters  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, with  brief  allusions  to  their 
principal  claims  to  distinction.  But 
it  is  a  rather  amazing  catalogue 
which  everybody  interested  in  the 
state  should  read  and  keep  for 
reference.  New  Hampshire's  con- 
tribution has  been  larger  and  wor- 
thier than  most  of  us   imagine. 

One  cannot  but  admire  the  curi- 
osity and  industry  which,  in  a  long 
life  of  service  to  the  state,  Mr.  Met- 
calf has  exercised  to  catch  and  pre- 
serve this  remarkable  collection  of 
names  and  facts.  He  has  once  more 
made  us  his  debtor.  Probably  he 
alone  had  the  equipment  of  know- 
ledge and  patience  to  do  a  work  of 


BOOKS   OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  INTEREST 


473 


such   untiring  research   and  toil. 

There   are    fourteen      portraits      of 
eminent   natives  of   the   state. 

A.  E. 


The  Thoughts  of  Youth,  by  Sam- 
uel S.  Drury.  The  Macmillai) 
Company,  New  York.  $1.25 
A  title  which  might  better  define 
the  book  would  be  "Thoughtful  Ad- 
vice for  Youth" ;  but  this  advice  is 
given  kindly,  always  with  due  regard 
for  the  opinions  of  the  reader;  and 
while  not  entirely  free  from  preaching, 
it  is  preaching  by  one  wrho  understands 
the  viewpoint  of  youth  and  is  strongly 
sympathetic  with  it.  The  volume 
could  be  used  to  advantage  as  a  text 
book  by  parents,  teachers  and  big 
brothers  and  sisters,  and  will  surely 
be  welcomed  by  this  class.  One  can 
readily  understand,  too,  how  such  a 
book  might  be  immensely  popular 
with  youth  itself  wherever  Dr. 
Drury's  own  strong  personality  is  re- 
cognized and  felt.  The  chapter  on 
"My  Manners"  might  well  be  publish- 
ed in  pamphlet  form  and  thus  made 
available  for  larger  distribution  to  the 
youth  of  this  generation. 

Ernest   P.  Coxlon 


Legends  and   Deeds  of   Yesterday, 
G.    Waldo     Browne.        Manchester, 
Standard    Book    Company.     $1. 
Eighteen  short  tales,  legendary  and 
historical,    are    gathered    in    this    little 
book.       They    belong      to    the   seven- 
teenth   and    eighteenth    centuries,    and 
nearly     all      are      of      especial      New 
Hampshire    interest.     Some   are   well- 
known,   others   are   more   obscure  but 
of    hardly    less    interest.       They    are 
good   stories      for   any     New   Hamp- 
shire boy  to  know. 

A.  E. 


Indian   Story  Hour,   Rilma   Marion 

Browne.        Manchester,      Standard 

Book    Company.     $1. 

First  published  two  years  ago,  this 
book  is  now  being  given  a  new  and 
somewhat  enlarged  edition  with  over 
twenty  illustrations.  Intended  pri- 
marily for  supplementary  reading 
by  children  of  the  third  to  fifth 
grades,  it  includes  some  over  twenty- 
five  fables  based  upon  Indian  ideas. 
"How  the  Rabbit  Lost  His  Tail"  and 
and  other  stories  in  which  animals 
talk  and  act  like  human  beings  will 
interest  and  amuse  the  children. 

Special  prices  are  offered  to  schools. 

A.  E. 


TO  THOSE  WHO  COME  AFTER 

By  A.  A.  D. 

Love  the  house! 

Mellow  and  old, 

Shelter  her  from  hurt  and  cold. 

Love  the  house. 


Careful  hands  made  every  part 

From  hand  wrought  lock  with  craftman's  art 

To  adz-hewn  beams  and  massive   frame, 

Panelled  wall  and  shuttered  pane. 

Built  by  love  in  years  long  past, 

It  withstood  time  and  flood  and  blast 

For  it  was  founded  on  a  rock — 

Love  the  house, 


474  THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 

Those  who  lived  lie  re  bravely  bore 

Sorrow  when  it  crossed  the  door. 

Generously  the)  shared 

All  their  laughter  and  their  joys. 

Tenderly  they  cared 

For  those  who  felt  misfortune's  shocks — 

Till  an  aroma  sweet  and  fine, 

Like  that  of  precious  golden  wine 

Stored  for  years  in  ancient  crocks, 

Lingers  round  the  house. 

Love  the  garden  ! 

Love  the  peonies  and  phlox, 

Love  the  pinks  and  hollyhocks. 

Oh,  love  the  garden  ! 

Bleeding-heart,   youth-and-old-age. 

Lilacs,  larkspur,  mint  and  sage — 

Love  the  garden. 

Wormwood,  bittersweet  and  rue. 

But  heartsease,  balsams  grew  here,  too, 

So  love  the  garden. 

Love  the  fields ! 

Sloping  and  broad 

With  damp  brown  earth 

And  sharp  green  grass, 

Oh,  love  them  well  until  you  know 

Where  even  weeds  and  wild  fruits  grow. 

They  will  yield 

More  than  grass  and  fruit  and  grain ; 

A  deeper  wisdom  you  will  gain 

Of  frost  and  hail,  vapours  and  snow, 

Blossoming  trees,  all  things  that  grow. 

Cattle,  beasts  and  creeping  things, 

Flying  clouds  and   stormy   winds, 

All  their  secrets  have  to  tell. 

So  love  the  fields  and  love  them  well. 


ANODYNE 

By  Francis  Wa$me  MacVeagh 

Over  the  curve  of  the  world 

Day's  galleon  sails  away. 

The  sunset's  banners  are   furled, 

The   Twilight  gray 

Walks  in  the  blossoming  orchards 

That  crown  the  cliffs  of  the  bay. 

Gulls  in  the  upper  air 
Gleam  and  wheel  as  the  stars ; 
Waves   breathe  a   drowsy  prayer 
For  ease  of  earth's  aching  scars. 
Down  in  the  harbor  the  moon 
Stands  mazed   'mid  a  thousand  spars. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  NECROLOGY 


S^sr 


HENRY    COLE    QUINBY 

Henry  Cole  Quinby,  son  of  Henry  B. 
Ouinby.  former  governor  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, died  on  October  23,  at  his  home  in 
New  York  City,  where  he  was  one  of  the 
best  known  of  the  younger  members  of  the 
bar.  He  was  born  at  Lakeport  on  July 
9,  1872,  prepared  for  college  at  Chauncey 
Hall  School,  Boston,  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  in  1894  and  then  took  the  course 
at  the  Harvard  Law  School.  He  was 
given  the  master's  degree  bv  Bowdoin 
College   in    1916. 

Soon  after  the  completion  of  his  law 
course,  he  entered  upon  practice  in  New 
York,  and  was  for  a  number  of  years 
associated  with  the  late  Joseph  PI.  Choate. 
During  the  war  he  was  an  active  member 
of  the  American  Defense  Society.  For  six 
years  he  was  secretary  of  the  Union 
League  Club,  and  was  one  of  its  vice- 
presidents    when    he    died. 

Air.  Quinby  was  of  literary  tastes,  a 
collector  of  rare  books  and  manuscripts, 
and  the  compiler  of  his  family  genealogy. 
Lie  was  governor  of  the  Society  of  May- 
flower Descendants  of  New  York  State ; 
president  of  the  New  Llampshire  Society, 
secretary  of  the  Grant  Monument  Associ- 
ation, and  a  member  of  the  Harvard  and 
Amateur  Comedy  Clubs  and  of  the  city 
and    state   bar    associations. 

The  funeral  services  were  held  at  St. 
Bartholomew's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
and  were  in  charge  of  the  rector,  the  Rev- 
erend Leighton  Parks.  Large  delegations 
attended  from  all  of  the  organizations 
with  which  Mr.  Qiiinby  was  associated, 
and  they  included  many  of  the  most 
prominent  men  in  public  and  professional 
life. 

Mr.  Quinby  leaves  a  wife,  who.  before 
her    marriage,    was    Miss    Florence    Cole. 

WALTER    IRVING    BLANCKARD 

Dr.  Walter  Irving  Blanchard,  widely 
known  physician,  died  at  his  Farmington 
home  on  October  3\,  his  sixtieth  birthday. 
He  was  the  son  of  Amos  and  Frances 
Adelaide  (Morse)  Blanchard  and  was 
born  in  Concord,  where  he  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  prepared  for  col- 
lege. After  graduation  from  Dartmouth 
in  1884,  he  studied  at  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians   and    Surgeons    in    New    York    City. 

Following  'his  medical  training,  Dr. 
Blanchard  was  for  six  years  an  interne 
at  Bellevue  Hospital  in  New  York.  He 
practised  for  twenty-one  years  in  Boston, 
but  had  been  back  in  his  native  state  for 
some  time.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine,    New     Hampshire,    and     Massachu- 


setts Medical  Societies  and  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association.  As  a  physician 
and    citizen    lie    was    much    loved. 

Any  notice  of  Dr.  Blanchard  would  be 
incomplete  without  reference  to  his  patri- 
otic record  during  the  World  War.  He 
early  volunteered  for  the  Red  Cross 
medical  service,  in  which  he  held  a  re- 
sponsible position  at  Newport  News. 
During  the  last  of  the  "war  drives''  lie 
performed  excellent  service  as  a  speaker,  in 
New  Hampshire,  where  the  fervor  of  his 
utterance  commanded  a  warm  response 
from    his    audiences. 

Dr.  Blanchard  is  survived  by  a  widow, 
by  one  son,  Agnew  Blanchard  of  Washing- 
ton,  District  of  Columbia,  and  a  brother, 
Mark  Blanchard  of  Holbrook,  Massachu- 
setts. 


DR.    EDWIN    G.    ANNABLE 

The  death  occurred  on  Nov.  11,  1922, 
at  his  home  in  Concord  of  Dr.  Edwin  Guil- 
ford Amiable,  for  twenty-eight  years  in 
medical  practice  in  the  Capital  City  and 
the  oldest  of  Concord's  active  practition- 
ers. He  continued  his  work  in  his  pro- 
fession up  to  the  day  before  he  was  seized 
by  the  illness  that  ended  his  life  after  a 
duration    of    a    week. 

Edwin  G.  Annable  was  born  on  a  farm 
in  Newport,  Province  of  Quebec,  Dec.  2, 
1840,  but  his  father,  Jacob  Merrill  Annable, 
and  his  mother,  Eunice  (Dean)  Annable, 
were  both  New  Englanders  by  birth  who 
had  moved  into  Canada  to  take  up  agri- 
cultural work.  At  the  age  of  twenty, 
Edwin  Annable  returned  to  the  country  of 
his  ancestors  and  established  himself  in 
Concord,  where  he  was  employed  for  some 
years  by  the  old  Prescott  Organ  Company 
and  attained  great  skill  as  a  cabinet  work- 
er. In  1877,  he  began  to  read  medicine 
in  the  Concord  office  of  the  late  Dr.  George 
Cook,  pursuing  his  studies  at  Dartmouth 
Medical  College  and  'the  University  of 
Vermont.  He  received  his  degree  from 
the  latter  institution  in  June,  1880,  and 
began  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Fitz- 
william.  New  Hampshire,  as  a  partner  of 
Dr.  Silas  Cummings.  This  partnership 
continued  three  years  until  the  death  of 
Doctor  Cummings  and  the  practice  was 
maintained  by  Dr.  Annable  two  years  long- 
er, when  he  removed  to  Norwich,  Ver- 
mont. Here,  he  ministered  to  the  popu- 
lation of  a  wide  territory  in  Vermont  and 
New  Hampshire,  but  in  1894  he  came  back 
to  Concord,  where  he  maintained  his  med- 
ical practice  to  the  last,  serving  patients 
not  only  in  the  city  but  in  all  the  nearby 
towns  and  some  who  came  to  him  from 
places     forty    and    fifty    miles    away. 


476 


THE  GRANITE  MONTHLY 


On  Tune  9,  1863,  he  married  Louisa 
Maria  Farwell,  daughter  of  Hon,  William 
Farwell,  long  crown  land  agent  at  Robin- 
son, P.  Q.  Had  he  lived  until  next  June, 
their  sixtieth  wedding  anniversary  would 
have  been  observed.  Besides  his  wife,  Dr. 
Annable's  survivors  are  his  son,  Rev.  Ed- 
win W.  Annable  of  Worthington,  Minne- 
sota, three  daughters,  Mrs.  Henry  E. 
Roberts  of  Winchester,  Massachusetts, 
Airs.  Curtis  A.  Chamberlin  of  East  Con- 
cord, Mrs.  Edward  J.  Parshley  of  Concord, 
two  sisters,  who  live  in  California,  twelve 
grandchildren  and   five  great  grandchildren. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  South  Congre- 
gational Church  and  Rumford  Lodge  of 
Odd  Fellows  of  Concord,  besides  city  and 
state  medical  societies. 

E.    T.   P. 


CHARES   UPHAM   BELL 

Charles  Upham  Bell  died  suddenly  at 
his  home  in  Andover.  Massachusetts,  on 
November  11.  Judge  Bell  was  born  in 
Exeter  February  24,  1843,  the  sou  of 
James  and  Judith  A.  (Upham)  Bell. 
His  ancestry,  both  paternal  and  maternal, 
was  of  great  distinction.  A  note  on.  the 
Bed  family  will  be  found  in  the  October 
number   of   this   magazine. 

After  studying  at  Kimball  Union  and 
Phillips  Exeter  Academies,  Judge  Bell  at- 
tended Bowdoin  College,  whence  he  was 
graduated  in  1863  and  from  which  he  was 
in  later  years  trie  recipient  of  the  honor- 
ary master's  and  doctor's  degrees.  His 
legal  studies  were  pursued  in  the  office 
of  his  cousin,  the  Honorable  Charles  H. 
Bell,  at  Exeter  and  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School. 

Admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866,  he  practised 
in  Exeter  until  1871,  when  he  removed  to 
Lawrence,  where  he  was  a  member  success- 
ively of  the  firms  of  White  and  Bell,  Bell 
and  Sherman  and  Bell  and  Eaton.  He  was 
elevated  to  the  Massachusetts  Superior 
Court  by  Governor  Wolcott  in  1898  and 
remained  on  the  bench  until  his  resigna- 
tion in  1917.  Since  then  he  has  from  time 
to  time  presided  over  sessions  in  Essex 
County  and  was  expecting  to  do  so  again 
during    the    week    following    his    death. 

Judge  Bell,  while  in  Lawrence,  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Common  Council,  and 
was  City  Solicitor  from  1892  to  1898. 
In  1888,  he  was  a  presidential  elector. 
For  many  years  he  was  actively  associat- 
ed with  the  business  of  the  Exeter  Machine 
Works. 


Judge  Bell  served  in  the  Forty-second 
Massachusetts  Volunteers  near  the  close 
of  the  Civil  War.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Society  of  Colonial  Wars,  of  the  Sons 
of  the  American  Revolution,  of  the  Mass- 
achusetts Society  of  the  Cincinnati  and 
of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He 
had   been  an  overseer   of   Bowdoin   College. 

Judge  Bell  was  twice  married —  first 
in  1872  to  Helen  M.  Pitman  of  Laconia, 
who  died  in  ]$8&  leaving  four  children, 
second  to  Elizabeth  W.  Pitman  of  La- 
conia   who    died    six   years    ago. 

He  is  survived  by  one  son,  Joseph  P. 
Bell,  a  lawyer  of  Boston,  and  by  three 
daughters.  Mrs.  George  H.  Driver  of 
Lansford,  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Misses 
Alice    L.   and    Mary   W.    Bell    of   Andover. 


WILLIAM  A.  WHITNEY 

There  died  at  Peter  Bent  Brigham  Hos- 
pital. Boston,  on  Nevernber  13,  William  A. 
Whitney.  Although  born  in  Boston  fifty- 
nine  years  ago,  the  son  of  Justin  and  Jane 
(Taylor)  Whitney,  Mr.  Whitney  was  es- 
sentially a  New  Hampshire  man.  After 
his  education  in  the  Boston  public  schools 
and  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology (1887)  and  one  year  spent  in 
water  works  construction  in  Maine.  Mr. 
Whitney  joined  his  uncle,  John  T.  Emer- 
son of  Claremont,  in  the  formation  of  the 
Emerson  Paper  Company.  After  super- 
vising the  construction  of  the  company's 
mills  at  Sunapee,  he  was  connected  with 
their  management  until  the  sale  of  the 
plant  a   few  years   ago. 

In  1891,  he  married  Miss  Shirley  L. 
Robertson,  daughter  of  John  E.  Robert- 
son of  Concord.  Until  his  removal  to 
Sunapee  seven  years  ago,  Mr.  Whitney  re- 
sided in  Claremont,  where  he  was  for 
many  yars  vestryman  and  warden  of 
Trinity  Church.  At  Sunapee  he  was 
active  in  the  work  of  St.  James's  Church 
in  the  summer  and  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church  in  the  winter.  He  was 
president  of  the  Sunapee  Board  of  Trade, 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Lake  Sun- 
apee  Yacht  Club,  trustee  of  the  Sunapee 
Library  and  a  member  of  the  building 
committee  for  the  new  library.  He  was 
one  of  the  most  interested  and  active 
members  of  the  Society  for  the  Protec- 
tion of  New  Hampshire  Forests.  Mr. 
Whitney  is  survived  by  his  widow  and 
by  one  son,  John  Robertson  Whitney  of 
Boston. 


27  So    * 


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