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THE

GRANITE MONTHLY

A New Hampshire Magazine

DEVOTED TO

HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, LITERATURE,
AND STATE PROGRESS

VOLUME XXX

CONCORD, N. H.

PUBLISHED BY THE GRANITE MONTHLY COMPANY

I 90 I

974.2
G759
v.30

Published, 1901

By the Granite Monthly Company

Concord, N. H.

Printed, Illustrated, and Electrotyped by
Rumford Printing Company (Rum/ord Press >
Concord, New Hampshire, U. S. A.

The Granite Monthly.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXX.

January — June, IQOI.

Adams, James M., The First American Colony in Cuba
Ambition (poem), Charles Henry Chesley ....
Armstrong, Lulu. C. S., The Christian Science Home School
Ashland : Its Past and Present, Leon Burt Baketel
Atherton, Hon. Henry B., Reminiscences of the Late Hon
Evarts ........

Bailey, Sarah M., Dr. Fred. J. Brockwav ....

Baketel, Leon Burt, Ashland: Its Past and Present

Baldwin, Rev. Thomas, Early Life of, Ernest Albert Barney

Baptist Church in Hopkinton, The, Howard M. Cook

Barney, Ernest Albert, Early Life of Rev. Thomas Baldwin

Beede, Eva J., An Anecdote of Webster

Bellum (poem), George VV. Parker .....

Bennett, Adelaide George, The Century Opens as a Flower (poem)

Between the Bars (poem), Hale Howard Richardson .

Bingham, Harry, as a Schoolmaster, William C. Todd .

Brockway, Dr. Fred J., Sarah M. Bailey ....

Browne, Lewis A., The Whittier Pine (Poem) .

Bud, Leaf, and Bloom (poem), C. C. Lord

Burdon Robbery, The, as Told by Inspector Shaw, Bennett B. Perkins

Butterfly, The Making of a. Clarence Moores Weed

Butterworth. Walter Cummings, In Memory of the Portland (poem)

The Greased Log .......

By Concord's Bridge (poem)

By Concord's Bridge (poem), Walter Cummings Butterworth
By the Scamander (poem), Frederick Myron Colby

Oesar Rodney's Ride (poem), Frederick Myron Colby
Carr, Laura Garland, It is as the Air (poem)

That Last Night of All (poem) ....

Your Place (potm) > .
Century Opens as a Flower, The (poem), Adelaide George Bennett
Chapin, Bela, Perry Brook (poem) ......

William M

9
312

288

123

307

336

I2 3

271

293
271

349

151

308

53
336
270
291
3&7
74
48

'5 1
235

235

2 44

152
236
287
37o
47
348

V?^^3

CONTENTS.

Chesley, Charles Henry, The Stage (Poem) ....

Ambition (poem) ........

Lines Written on Seeing a Portrait (poem) .
Christian Science Home School, The, Lulu Armstrong, C. S.
Church for Me, The (poem), Hervey Lucius Woodward
Clark, A. Chester, The Social Fraternity: Its History and Influence
Cogswell, Thomas, Jr., Darkness (poem)
Colby, Frederick Myron, Gesar Rodney's Ride (poem)

By the Scamander (poem) ....

June, the Battle Month .....
Colby, H. Maria George, Then We Shall See (poem)
Common Folks (poem), Moses G;ige Shirley
Concord Oratorio Society, The, and its Fitst Annual Festival, Henry H

Melcalf

Cook, Howard M., The Baptist Church in Hopkinton
Court, Ormsby A., March (poem) .....

Cross, Lucy R. H., Bygones — Some Things not Generally

History of Northfield
Cry, A (poem), Mary M. Currier .
Currier, Mary M., A Cry (poem) .

Darkness (poem), Thomas Cogswell, Jr.

Known in the

Hon. Henry B

Eddy, Mary Baker G., The New Century (poem)
English Guild System, The, George W. Parker
Evarts, Hon. William M., Reminiscences of the Late,
Atherton ........

Eyes (poem), Moses Gage Shirley .....

Field, Darby, Lucien Thompson .....

First American Colony in Cuba, The, James M. Adams
Fisk, Mary Albertine. Her Womanhood's Lesson
For Her Sake, John Warren Odlin, 2d ... .

Gill, Esther I)., To a Violet (poem) .....

Greased Log, The, Walter Cummings Butterworth

Greenwood, Alice D. O., O Memory, How Bright Thy Dreams (Poem)

Griffith, George Bancroft, Home's Magnet Draws us Hither Still (poem)

A Spring Prophet (poem) .

Some Queer Bipeds ....

Heart (poem), Mary H. Wheeler .

Hermit Thrush, The (poem), Edith L. Swain

Hero, The (poem), George Warren Parker .

Her Womanhood's Lesson, Mary Albertine Fisk

Holden, S. E., Monument Rock (poem)

Home's Magnet Draws Us Hither Still (poem), George Bancroft Griffith

Hunt, Mrs. Nathan P., The Nineteenth Century ....

In Memory of the Portland (poem), Walter Cummings Butterworth

In Other Days (poem),, Wilbur D. Spencer

It is as the Air (poem), Laura Garland Carr

•53
312

338

288

287

1, 165

353
152
244

344
244
164

37i
293
150

22
90
90

353

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35

3°7
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108

35°

237

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185
276

339
1 12

246

48
269
236

CONTENTS.

June, the Battle Month, Fred Myron Colby

Leslie, Dr. H. G., The Macy Colby House (Poem)

The Song of the New Hampshire Daughters (poem)

Lines Written on Seeing a Portrait (Poem), Charles Henry Chesley

Litchfield, S. I , The Statement of Adam Moore

Lord, C. C, A Winter Song (poem) .
Bud, Leaf, and Bloom (poem)

Love's Earth (poem), Alice P. Sargent

Macy Colby House, The (poem), Dr H. G. Leslie
Marble, Thomas Littlefield, To Mt. Madison (poem)

A Thief of the Roofs ....
March (poem), Ormsby A. Court ....
Metcalf, Henry H., Some Leading Legislators of 1901

The Concord Oratorio Society and its First Annual
Monument Rock (poem), S. E. Holden
Moore, Isabel N., The Woman's Club of Penacook
Mountain, The (poem), Hale Howard Richardson

Nashaway Woman's Club, The, Katharine M. Thayer
New Century, The (poem), Mary Baker G. Eddy
New England Conscience, A, Laura D. Nichols
New Hampshire in the War of 1812, Emma C. Watts
New Hampshire Necrology

Abbott, Rev. Stephen G.

Bacheler, Rev. Otis Robinson, M. D., D. D.

Batchelder, Gen. Richard N.

Breed, Zephaniah

Brown, Hon. Adna

Brown, Capt. Joshua .

Bryer, Joseph O.

Butler, George C.

Carleton, Henry G. .

Clark, Charles P.

Clay, Ithiel E. .

Cogswell, George, M. D.

Converse, Capt. Oscar I.

Converse, Zebulon

Dinsmore, George R., M. D.

Drury, William H. .

Eaton, Hon. James H.

Field, Albert

Foster, Frederick F.

Garland, Thomas B. .

Gilman, Hon. Charles J.

Gilman, Col. Edward H.

GlLMORE, QUINCY A. .

Gove, Col. J. Sumner, >
Haile, Hon. William H.
Harris, Gordis D.

Festival

55. 1

14, 1

86, 254, 31

344

7
301
338
40
107
291
291

7
107

354
150

195
37i
339
3
335

263
80
o, 154
357
384
188
114
118
257
117
320
260
119

115
254

385
3 r 7
384
320
388

319
258

120

118

385

192

259

319
190

191

CONTENTS.

New Hampshire Necrologv (Continued )

Heard, Hon. William A.

Hildreth, Joseph W.

Hill, Joseph C. A.

Hill, William Pickering

Hitchcock, Hiram

Holmes, Hon. Nathaniel

Jenness, Gilnan H.

Mann, George W.

Marshall, Prof. John P.

Mendum, Charles H.

Meservey, Rev. Atwood Bond, D. D.

Noyes, William 0.

Osgood, Addison N. .

Parker, Rev. Sylvester A

Pattee, Lewis C.

Perley, Joseph F.

Sargent, Sylvanus T.

Sherman, Morgan J. .

Smith, Charles C.

Stevens Col. Ebenezer

Titcomb, George P., M. D.

Upton, Hon. Hiram D.

Varney, Hon. David B.

Wentworth, Col. Joseph
Nichols, Laura D., A New England Conscience

The Two Cameras
Nineteenth Century, The, Mrs. Nathan P. Hunt

NORTHFIELD, BYGONES — SOME THINGS NOT -GENERALLY KNOWN

of, Lucy R. H. Cross

Odlin, John Warren, 2d, For Her Sake

O Memory, How Bright Thy Dreams (poem), Alice D. O. Greenwoo

Our Home (poem), C. L. Tappan

Over There (poem), Cyrus A. Stone .

Parker, George W., The English Guild System

Bellum (poem) ......

The Hero (poem) .....

Perkins, Bennett B., The Burdon Robbery, as Told by Inspector
Perry Brook (poem), Bela Chapin

Richardson, Hale Howard (poem), Between the Bars

The Mountain (poem) . ...

Russell, Hon. Alfred, D. D., Col. David Webster

Sargent, Alice P., Love's Earth (poem)
Scales, John, A. B., Lucien Thompson
Separation (poem), Hervey Lucius Woodward
Shirley, Moses Gage, Snowflakes (poem)

Eyes (poem) .....

Common Folks (poem) ....

in the History

Shaw

3i8

55
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192
116
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387
117

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119
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388
120
188

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320
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386
187
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56
257

2 55
80, 154

302

246

35o

383
184

•5 1
276

367
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308

335
93

291

239

106

164

CONTENTS.

VI 1

Signs of Spring (poem), Merle Smith .

Smith, Converse J., Treasury Administration .

Smith, Merle, Signs of Spring (poem)

Snowflakes (poem), Moses Gage Shirley

Social Fraternity, The: Its History and Influence, A. Chester Clark

Some Leading Legislators of 1901, Henry H. Metcalf

Some Queer Bipeds, George Bancroft Griffith

Song of the New Hampshire Daughters, The, (poem), Dr. H. G. Leslie

Spring Prophet, A (poem), George Bancroft Griffith

Stage, The, (poem), Charles Henry Chesley

Statement of Adam More, The, S. I. Litchfield

Stone, Cyrus A., Over There (poem) .

Swain, Edith L., The Hermit Thrush (poe?n)

Tappan, C. L., Our Home (poem)

That Last Night of All (poem), Laura Garland Carr
Thayer, Katharine M., The Nash away Woman's Club
Then We Shall See (poem), H. Maria George Colby
Thief of the Roofs, A, Thomas Littlefield Marble
Thompson, Lucien, John Scales, A. B.
Thompson, Lucien, Darby Field ....

Todd, William C, Harry Bingham as a Schoolmaster
To A Violet (poem), Esther D. Gill ....
To Mt. Madison (poem), Thomas Littlefield Marble
Treasury Administration, Converse J. Smith
Two Cameras, The, Laura D. Nichols

Vegetable Food of Birds, The, Ned Dearborn and Clarence M

Watts, Emma C, New Hampshire in the War of 181:
Webster, An Anecdote of, Eva J. Beede .
Webster. Col. David, Hon. Alfred Russell, LL. D.
Weed, Clarence Moores, The Making of a Butterfly

The Vegetable Food of Birds
Wheeler, Mary H., Heart (poem) ....

Whitcomb, Caroline E., The Women's Clubs of Keene
Whittier Pine, The, (poem), Lewis A. Browne .
Winter Song, A, (poem), C. C. Lord ....
Woman's Club of Penacook, The, Isabel N. Moore .
Women's Clubs of Keene, The, Caroline E. Whitcomb
Woodward, Hervey Lucius, Separation (poem)

The Church for Me (poem) ....

Your Place (poem), Laura Garland Carr

Weed

227

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195
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*■

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\? V

MRS. MARTHA J. BUXTON
President of The Woman'' s Club, of Penacook.

The Granite Aontmm.

Vol. XXX.

JANUARY, 1901

No. 1.

Miss M. Annie Fiske.
First President.

Mrs. Sarah E. A. Sanders.
Second President.

THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF PENACOOK. 1
By Isabel N. Moore.

UR Puritan grandmothers
spun and wove, brewed
and baked, and reared
sturdy, God-fearing men
and women. They were
shining examples of domesticity. No
nobler, but a different type of woman,
is the woman of to-day. The world
still exacts fidelity in all domestic
and social relations, but it demands
more. The introduction ^oi niachin-

1 This article was prepared for the forthcoming
the courtesy of D. Arthur Brown.

ery, absorbing every species of manu-
facture, the coming of the canning
establishment, the bake-shop, the
ready-made garment emporium, has
given immunity from severe domestic
toil ; the open doors of our colleges
and universities have given thorough
intellectual training, and it seems
fitting that this training should be
applied not in the home alone, but in
the neighborhood, in the state.

' History of Peuacook," and the plates furnished by

THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF PENACOOK.

Miss Myra M. Abbott.
Second Treasurer.

Someone has said, " that as a gen-
eral, standing on the crest of a hill,
watches the approach of an opposing
army, anticipates and thwarts its
manceuvers, and intelligently leads
his forces to victory, so, woman of
to-day, from the vantage ground of
intelligence and well directed effort,
takes a survey of her duties and
responsibilities, and, seeing them
clearly, makes fewer mistakes in ful-
filling them."

A desire for better preparation to
discharge responsibilities may have
been one factor, leading to the evolu-
tion of the "Woman's Club." The
problem of the solitary student is to
keep enthusiasm alive, and, unless a
woman has had some mental training,
she will not find it easy to persist in
a systematic course of study. The
club furnishes a meeting ground for
those who are interested in similar
topics, yet who look at questions dis-
cussed from a different standpoint,
thus they are trained to take large
and broader views of life. The club
teaches self-control, composure, defer-

ence to others, and the realization
that the success of one is the success
of all. It is hardly possible to real-
ize the far-reaching results of the
great federation meetings, where the
women of the cities meet their " coun-
try cousins" to their mutual benefit.
They furnish an immense amount of
material for conversation and study,

•

Mrs. Grace P. Brown.
I 'ice-President.

and give a new impetus to universal
culture.

Realizing the benefits of these op-
portunities, and being not a whit be-
hind "sister women " in intelligence
and intellectual ambition, the ques-
tion of a club was agitated among
the women of Penacook, resulting in
the organization, on January 3, 1896,
of a "Current Events Club," with
nineteen charter members. It was a
literary and social organization, and
owed its existence to the zeal and
persistent efforts of its first president,
Miss M. Annie Fiske, who labored
with great energy to secure the
requisite number of names for its
formation. Miss Fiske served as

THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF PEN A COOK.

president nearly three years, devot-
ing time, thought, and personal ef-
fort to the success of the club. Dur-
ing these years the work was mostly
of a literary character, and its topics
largely confined to current events.

The club joined the State Federa-
tion February 26, 1896, and has since
sent delegates to its annual meetings ;
it has once been honored by a visit
from Mrs. Blair, president of the Fed-
eration.

Mrs. Sarah E. A. Sanders, a help-
ful vice-president, succeeded Miss
Fiske as president, bringing to the
work enthusiasm, culture, and execu-
tive ability. In its third year the
club began to extend its influence ;

Buxton, who is ju^t beginning her
work; a keen interest in and large
knowledge of matters relating to club
work especially fit her for the posi-
tion. She is assisted hy Mrs. Grace
P. Brown as vice-president, Mrs. Ida
Harris as treasurer, and Miss Alice
F. Brown, who has efficiently served
as secretary for four years. An ex-
ecutive committee of three members
have arranged our programmes for
the year, selected sub-committees to
have charge of meetings, and with
the other officers, have decided any
questions coming before the club.

From the beginning the members
have shown great interest in the work
of the club, and a willingness to per-
form any duties devolving upon them.
As its name implies, it has tried to
keep in touch with the current events
of the season by considering subjects
that were attracting world-wide at-
tention, not forgetting those of minor
importance. Two years have been
devoted to the study of United States
history ; English literature will en-
gage our attention the present win-

Miss Alice F. Brown.
Secretary.

the membership, first limited to fifty,
was increased to seventy- five, allow-
ing the admission of new members,
some of whom have proved most
helpful in the social life of the club.
With increase of membership, more
outside talent was available, adding
to the interest and profit of the meet-
ings. Mrs. Sanders served two years
and was followed by Mrs. Martha J.

Mrs. Ida D. Harris.
Treasurer.

THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF PENACOOK.

ter. The programmes have been
varied and enlivened by vocal and
instrumental music by members of
the club and invited guests. Club
" teas " have been popular.

Beside many interesting and care-
fully prepared papers by members of
the club there have been lectures on
foreign travel by Mrs. Ayers of Con-
cord, Miss McCutcheon of Charles-
town, Mass., and Miss Lucy Holden
of West Concord. Mrs. Covering of
Boston vividly described "Our Pil-
grim Foremothers." Miss McCutch-
eon told of " Nansen, the Modern
Viking;" "The Relation of Nature
Study to Character " was the subject
of a fine paper given by Mrs. Plimp-
ton of Tilton seminary. Miss Whit-
comb of Keene addressed the club
upon the " Educational Interests of
New Hampshire." Two townsmen
have entertained the club, Col. John
C. Lmehan told "The Story of Ire-
land" in a manner both interesting
and instructive, and Dr. Adrian Hoyt
gave a fine lecture and exhibition of
the X-Ray. " What 's in a Name "

was the title of a scholarly address
given by Dr. Waterman of Clare-
mont. Mrs. Roper of Winchester
introduced us to "New Hampshire
Artists," and Mrs. Streeter of Con-
cord aroused our interest in ' ' Our
State Charities."

A " Musicale " has been given each
year, and on these evenings gentle-
men were welcomed. The musical
ability of our own members, as well
as that of out-of-town musicians, has
been appreciated on these pleasant
occasions. "Children's Day" has

Miss Grace Wade Allen.
Chairman Executive Committee.

Miss Maria Carter.
Member Executive Committee.

been once observed, the little folks
and their mothers enjoying a picnic.
The event of the year is " Gentle-
men's Night," when the best gowns
are donned and most careful prepara-
tions are made for the entertainment
and pleasure of the guests ; music
and refreshments add to the even-
ing's pleasure. This club may truth-
fully be called the "Mother of the
Village Improvement Society." The
public interests of Penacook were
discussed at one of its meetings, and
soon after, the president, Mrs. San-

THE MACY COLAY HOUSE.

''"t^ua^i -

Mrs. Hannah R. Hoiden.

Member of Executive Committee.

ders, canvassed the village for names,
resulting in the formation of a flour-
ishing society. It has also procured
and planted vines at the schoolhouse
of District No. 20, and given several
pictures to adorn the walls of the
schoolrooms.

An "Art Class" for the study of

"Renaissance in Art," under the
leadership of Miss Mary Niles of
Concord, was recently formed, there-
by making the club a department
club, and resulting in the change of
its name to "The Woman's Club"
of Penacook.

At the time of the Armenian
troubles the club sent an offering to
the Relief Fund, but, as yet, no
philanthropic work has been at-
tempted. As a social factor the club
has proved a success, but, perhaps,
its most helpful feature has been the
individual work of its members,
which has brought to light and de-
veloped hitherto unsuspected talents.

Doubtless some enter the club as
they take up any " fad " of the day ;
others look upon it as a source of en-
tertainment only, but we believe that
many club women all over our land
value its privileges, and are using
them as a preparation for service ; to
these we would say with " Tiny Tim "
" God bless us, everyone."

THE MACY COLBY HOUSE.

1654 — 1900.
By Dr. H. G. Leslie.

An old house by the dusty road
That leads to Amesbury town,
With battered front and twisted sides
And long roof, sloping down.

Macy, the Quaker, builded it

In the days of homespun gray ;

He placed each sill and chimney stack,

Just as it 's seen to-day.

But man may build and vainly plan ;
The gods have plans their own ;
And ere the chimney's throat was blacked
He had fled his chosen home.

THE MACY COLBY HOUSE.

Scene of Whittier's Poem, " The Exiles.'

Fled from the bigot's unjust law,

The churchman's flinty creed ;

From men whose hearts, so stern and cold,

Felt not for human need.

He turned his boat's prow oceauward,
And steered for a sea-girt strand,
Where freedom's oak found firmer root
Amid the dunes of the sand.

Did he regret as years passed on

That he o'ped his door that night

To the strangers three, who stopped to knock

In their weary, anxious flight?

We fancy not. — A duty done

Brings sure and just reward ;
The tender strings of happiness
Are tuned to mercy's chord.

Still stands the house by the dusty road,
Though his grave is far away ;
But the tale of his kindly act
Makes us pilgrims here to-day.

THE FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.
By James M. Adams?

UST after noon on Janu-
ary 4, 1900, the ancient
city of Nuevitas, Cuba,
lazily basking in the
midday sunshine, wit-
nessed a sight which had not been
paralleled in the four hundred years
of its existence. A steamer was
dropping an-
chor in the
placid water of
the harbor a
mile off shore,
and her decks
were thronged
with a crowd
of more than
two hundred
eager and ac-
tive Ameri-
cans. They
wore no uni-
forms, nor did
they carry
either guns or
swords; and
yet they had
come on an
errand of con-
quest. They

had fared forth from their native land
to attack the formidable forests and
to subdue the untamed soil of the
province of Puerto Principe — a task
which required scarcely less courage

'Note. This article is compiled by Mr. Adams, formerly editor of the Nashua Daily Telegraph, from
a book, of which he is the author, entitled, " Pioneering in Cuba," now in press at the office of the Rum-
ford Printing Company, the same being a narrative of " I, a Gloria," the first American colony in Cuba,
and relates the personal experiences of Mr. Adams and his fellow-colonists. Mr. Adams was "one of I he
original colonists, and remained with them for about half a year.

James M . Adams.

and resolution than a feat of arms
might have demanded in that locality
two years before. Well aware that
there was a hard fight before them,
they were yet sanguine of success
and eager to begin active opera-
tions. It was the vanguard of the
first American colony planted in

Cuba.

The vessel
that lay at au-
di or in the
beautiful land-
locked harbor
of Nuevitas
was the screw
steamer Ya r-
moutli, a steel
ship, which, if
not as fast and
elegant as the
ocean grey-
hounds that
cross the At-
1 a n t i c , was
large and fine
enough to have
easily com-
m a nd e d the
unbounded ad-
miration and amazement of Christo-
pher Columbus had he beheld her when
he lauded from the Santa Maria on
the coast of Cuba near this point
more than four centuries ago. Great

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

changes have been wrought since the
days of Columbus in the manner of
craft that sail the seas, but less pro-
gress has been made by the city of
Nuevitas in those four hundred long
years. The Yarmouth, substantial
if not handsome, and safe if not swift,
had brought the colonists to this port
without mishap, thus redeeming one
of the many promises of the Cuban
I,and and Steamship Company.

would have been demolished by a
single well-directed shot from a thir-
teen-inch gun. These defenses were
unoccupied, and there was naught
else to threaten the established peace.
The day was beautiful, freshened
by a soft and balmy breeze, with the
delightful temperature of seventy-five
degrees. Far back in the interior,
through the wonderfully transparent
Cuban atmosphere, one could see the

City of Nuevitas, Cuba.
Photograph by I '. A'. Van De I 'enter, Jan. 23, /goo.

Since early morning the vessel had
been slowly steaming along the palm-
fringed coast of the "Pearl of the
Antilles," daybreak having revealed
the fact that the boat was too far to
the eastward, and late in the fore-
noon we entered the picturesque bay
of Nuevitas, took on a swarthy
Cuban pilot, and gliding quietly
past straggling palm-thatched native
shacks and tiny green-clad isles,
came to anchor in plain view of the
city that Velasquez founded in 15 14.
We had passed two or three small
circular forts, any one of which

light blue peaks of lofty mountains,
standing singly instead of in groups,
as if each were the monarch of a
small principality. Their outlines,
as seen at this distance, were grace-
ful and symmetrical, rather than rug-
ged and overpowering like some of
their brother chieftains of the North.
Near at hand the listless city of Nue-
vitas extended from the water's edge
backward up the hillside of a long,
green ridge, the low, red-tiled houses
clinging to what seemed precarious
positions along the rough, water-
worn streets that gashed the side of

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

1 1

the hill. To the right a green-cov-
ered promontory projected far into
the bay, dotted with occasional na-
tive shacks and planted in part with
sisal hemp. The colonists on ship-
board, ignorant of the appearance of
this tropical product, at first took the
hemp for pineapple plants, but soon
learned their mistake from one who
had been in the tropics before.
Viewed from the harbor, Nuevitas
looks pretty and picturesque, but
once on shore the illusion vanishes.
Mud meets you at the threshold and
sticks to you like a brother. The
streets, for the most part, are nothing
more than rain-furrowed lanes, filled
with large, projecting stones and gul-
lies of no little depth. Sticky, yel-
low mud is everywhere, and once ac-
quired is as hard to get rid of as the
rheumatism. The houses, in gen-
eral, are little better than hovels, and
the gardens around them are neg-
lected and forlorn. When a spot
more attractive than the others is
found, Nature is entitled to all the
credit. The shops are poor and
mean, and not over well supplied
with merchandise. The natives,
while kindly disposed toward the
"Americanos," are, for the most part,
unattractive in dress and person.
The few public buildings are ugly,
and there is not a pleasant street in
the town. And yet when seen from
the harbor the city looks pretty,
mainly on account of its red- tiled
houses, grassy hillside slopes, and
waving cocoanut palms. The author
of the ancient saying that ' ' distance
lends enchantment to the view,"
might well have gathered his inspira-
tion at Nuevitas. s

If the inhabitants of Nuevitas have
the quality of curiosity, they clearly

did not have it with them at the time
of our arrival. Although it is said
on good authority, that the city had
never before had more than twelve or
fifteen visitors at one time, save sol-
diers or sailors, the natives betrayed
no excitement and little interest in
the advent of two hundred American
civilians. With the exception of a
handful of boatmen and a few fruit
venders, not a person came to the
piers to gaze at the new arrivals, and
in the town the people scarcely gave
themselves the trouble to look out of
their open dwellings and shops at the
colonists. This may have been in-
herent courtesy — for the Cuban is
nothing if not courteous — but to us it
seemed more like indifference.

It is quite possible that if we had
been arrayed in brilliant uniforms,
resplendent of gold lace, brass but-
tons, and all the accompanying trap-
pings, we should have aroused more
interest, for the Cuban loves color,
pageant, and martial show, but as a
matter of fact, nothing could have
been plainer and uglier than the
dress of most of the colonists. To
the superficial observer, there was
nothing about the invaders to hold
attention, but to me, who had closely
studied my companions and fellow-
colonists for nearly a week, they were
full of interest and inspiration. They
were, to be sure, a motley crowd,
representing many states and terri-
tories, and several grades of social
standing, but they were obviously
courageous, enterprising, and of
good character. In point of intelli-
gence and manifest honesty and en-
ergy they averaged high — much
higher than one would expect of the
pioneers in a project of this sort.
They were not reckless and unscru-

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

pulous adventurers, nor yet rolling
stones who sought an indolent life
of ease, but serious-minded and in-
dustrious home-seekers. They had
counted the cost, and resolved to go
forward and achieve success, expect-
ing obstacles, but not anticipating
defeat. A thoughtful person could
not fail to be impressed by the serious
and resolute manner in which these
voyagers entered upon the work of
establishing a new home for them-

sion. The genial and stalwart Gen.
Paul Van der Voort of Nebraska,
who was commander-in-chief of the
national G. A. R. in i882-'83, had led
on a party of over twenty from the
West, several of them his own neigh-
bors in Omaha. The others were
from different parts of Nebraska,
Kansas, and Iowa. General Van der
Voort was the assistant manager of
the company, and a little later be-
came its president. He went to

:^>

Group of Colonists. (March 24, iqoo.)

selves in a tropical country. Since
the days when the Pilgrim Fathers
landed upon the bleak shores of New
England, I doubt if a better aggrega-
tion of men had entered upon an en-
terprise of this character.

The colonists represented all sec-
tions of the country, from Maine to
California, from Minnesota to Florida.
No less than thirty states sent their
delegations, two territories, Canada,
Prince Kdward's Island, and British
Columbia. All came to New York
to make up this memorable excur-

Cuba in the double capacity of an
officer of the company to take charge
of its business there, and a colonist
to make L,a Gloria his permanent
residence. Honest, affable, and hu-
morous, a magnetic and convincing
speaker, with a sunny nature singu-
larly free from affectation and ar-
dently loyal to his friends, General
Van der Voort was a natural leader
of men, well fitted to head a coloniz-
ing expedition.

General Van der Voort' s party,
however, formed but a small frac-

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

J 3

tion of the Western representation.
Twelve men came from Illinois, six
from Michigan, five from Minnesota,
four from Wisconsin, four from Indi-
ana, four from Oklahoma — men who
were "boomers" in the rush for
land in that territory — two from Mis-
souri, two from Washington state,
one from Wyoming, one from South
Dakota, and one from California.
Ohio men, usually so much in evi-
dence, were hard to find, only one
man on board acknowledging that he
hailed from that state. The South
was not so largely represented as the
West, but there were two men from
Maryland, two from Virginia, two
from Georgia, one from Florida, one
from West Virginia, and one from
Washington, D. C New York state
led the entire list with fifty-one.
Pennsylvania and Massachusetts
came next with twenty- one each.
From New Jersey there were fifteen.
Among the New England states,
New Hampshire and Connecticut fol-
lowed Massachusetts, with five each.
Rhode Island contributed four, Maine
two, and Vermont two. Two of the
colonists hailed from British Colum-
bia, one from Prince Edward's Island,
and one from Toronto, Canada. The
latter, a tall, good-looking English-
man by the name of Rutherford,
cheerfully announced himself as "the
only Canuck on board."

The colonists represented even more
occupations than states. There were
four physicians, one clergyman, one
lawyer, one editor, one patent office
employe, small merchants, clerks,
bookkeepers, locomotive engineers,
carpenters, and other skilled mechan-
ics, besides many farmers. There were
also a number of specialists. The
embryo colon)' included several vet-

erans of the Spanish war, some of
whom had been in Cuba before.
G. A. R. buttons were surprisingly
numerous. The men, generally
speaking, appeared to be eminently
practical and thoroughly wide awake.
They looked able to take hold of a
business enterprise and push it
through to success, regardless of
obstacles. Several of the colonists
showed their thrift by taking poultry
with them, while an old gentleman
from Minnesota had brought along
two colonies of Italian honey bees.
Another old man explained his pres-
ence by jocularly declaring that he
w r as going down to Cuba to search
for the footprints of Columbus. Ac-
cents representing all sections of the
country were harmoniously and
curiously mingled, and the spirit of
fraternity was marked. The one
colored man in the party, an intelli-
gent representative of his race, had
as good standing as anybody.

After a stay of two or three days in
Nuevitas harbor, the colonists were
conveyed to Port Fa Gloria, along
the coast to the westward, in schoon-
ers, experiencing mingled delights
and discomforts for twenty-four hours.
This sail is fully described in Chap-
ter II of the book.

The narrative is here taken up
from the arrival at Port Fa Gloria.

As the fleet of schooners drew near
La Gloria port, a row of small tents
was discerned close to the shore.
Elsewhere there was a heavy growth
of bushes to the water's edge — the
mangroves and similar vegetation
fairly growing out into the sea. Be-
tween and around the tents was a
wretched slough of sticky, oozy mud
nearly a foot deep, with streams of
surface water flowing over it in places

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

into the bay. The colonists were
filled with excitement and mingled
emotions as they approached the
shore, but their hearts sank when
they surveyed this discouraging
scene. They landed on the rude
pier, and after much difficulty suc-

aud sand flies were as thick as
swarms of bees, and nearly as fero-
cious ; they allowed no one any
peace. The company had consider-
ately provided coffee and bread for
the landing "immigrants," and
something of the sort was certainly

Port La Gloria.
Photograph by I'. K. Van De Venter, Jan. 2j, iqoo.

ceeded in depositing their light bag-
gage in tents reserved for the pur-
pose. Narrow boards laid down to
walk on were covered with slippery
mud, and some lost their footing and
went over headforemost into the
slough. One jaunty, well-dressed
young man from New Jersey, who
had found the trip vastly entertain-
ing up to this point, was so disgusted
at suffering a "flop-over" into the
mire that he turned immediately
back and returned to his home in
Atlantic City. And so the sifting
process went on among the intending
colonists.

The conditions at the port at that
time were certainly most unpleasant.
Mud and water were on every hand,

needed to fortify them for what was
to follow. Iyunch over, such of the
colonists as had not decided to turn
back started for the "city" of L,a
Gloria, four miles inland. We found
that the electric cars were not run-
ning, that the 'bus line was not in
operation, and that we could not take
a carriage to the hotel ; nor was there
a volante, a wagon, a bullock cart, a
horse, mule, or pony in evidence.
Neither was there a balloon or any
other kind of airship. We learned
further that a rowboat could be used
only a portion of the way. Under
the circumstances we decided to
walk.

The road, if such it may be called,
led through an open savanna, with

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

occasional belts of timber. There of patience. The scene which pre-
had been heavy rains just before our sen ted itself was unique and interest-
arrival, and the trail was one of the ing. All sorts of costumes were worn,

most wretched ever followed by a
human being. For about a quarter
of a mile there was an apology for a
corduroy road, but the logs compos-
ing it were so irregular and uneven
in size, and had been so disarranged
by surface water and so nearly cov-
ered with debris, that it all seemed to

including some young fellows in sol-
diers' uniforms, and there was no lit-
tle variety in the luggage carried.
Some staggered under very heavy
loads. Quite a number of cameras
and kodaks were to be seen. The
trail led through a rich savanna, soil
which is undoubtedly adapted to the

have been placed there to obstruct raising of sugar cane, rice, and co-

coanuts. Many palmetto and palm
trees lined the way. One could not
well view the scenery without stop-
ping, for fear of losing one's footing.
Thorns were troublesome and easily

travel rather than to facilitate it.
After the corduroy, the trail was a
disheartening mixture of water,
mud, stumps, roots, logs, briers, and
branches. Now we would be wad-
ing through shallow water
and deep mud that almost
pulled our shoes off ; then
splashing through water
and tall, coarse grass;
and again, carefully
threading our precarious
way among ugly stumps,
logs, and fallen limbs, in
water above our knees.
At times the traveler
found himself almost afloat
in the forest. He was
lucky, indeed, if he did
not fall down, a misfortune
which was little less than
a tragedy.

Notwithstanding the
bad road, one hundred
and sixty stout-hearted
colonists set out for L,a

Gloria between 1 130 and 3 o'clock, penetrated the wet shoes of the
They straggled along for miles, old weary travelers. The colonists all
men and young men, and even lame agreed that this road was the freest

from dust of any they had ever

trod.

At last, after two hours of toil and

discomfort, we came in sight of dry

land and the camp. We had crossed

'%*L$

^S^^^m

Author on Road to La Gloria, Jan. 8, 1900.

men ; some with valises, some with
bundles, and many with overcoats.

It was hot and hard work, this
four-mile walk under a tropical sun,
but the men bore it with a good deal

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

The First Women Colonists of La Gloria.

two small creeks and seen a few un-
occupied native shacks. No part of
the land had been cultivated.

As we approached our destination
we passed two buxom women sitting
on a huge stump. They were clad
in shirt waists, belted trousers, and
leggins, and wore broad hats of a
masculine type. We silently won-
dered if this was the prevailing
fashion among the women of La
Gloria, but soon found that it was
not. Even the pair that we had first
seen came out a few days later in
dainty skirts and feminine headgear.
Indeed, we found La Gloria, in some
respects, more civilized than we had
anticipated.

It was late in the afternoon of Mon-
day, January 8, 1900, that the one
hundred and sixty members of the
first excursion to establish the first
American colony in Cuba, reached
the camp which occupied the site of
La Gloria city of to-day. We found
about a dozen tents, and as many

more native shacks occupied by Cu-
bans who were at work for the com-
pany. The Cubans numbered about
fifty, and the American employes
nearly as many more. There were
also a few Florida and other settlers
who had reached the spot early.
Altogether, the population just be-
fore our arrival was about one hun-
dred, seven or eight of whom were
women.

The first few days after our arrival
w r e led a strange and what seemed to
many of us an unreal life. Shut in-
to a small open space by a great for-
est, with no elevation high enough
for us to see even so much of the out-
side world as hills, mountains, or the
sea, it almost seemed as if we had
dropped off of the earth to some un-
known planet. Day after day passed
without our seeing the horizon, or
hearing a locomotive or steamboat
whistle. We had no houses, only
tents, and there was not a wooden
building of any sort within a dozen

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

miles. At night the camp was dimly-
lighted by flickering fires and the
starry sky, and through the semi-
darkness came the hollow, indistinct
voices of men discussing the outlook
for the future. There were always
some who talked the larger part of
the night, and others who invariably
rose at three o'clock in the morning ;
this was two hours before light. In
the deep forest at night were heard
strange sounds, but high above them
all, every night and the whole of the
night, the harsh, complaining note of
a certain bird who seemed to be eter-
nally unreconciled to the departure
of day. I think it was a bird, but it
may have been the wail of a lost
soul.

It was lonesome there in the wilds
of Cuba in those early days of the
new colony, and doubtless there was
some homesickness, but the reader
should not gain the impression that
the pioneers were downcast and un-
happy. On the contrar} r , they were de-
lighted with the climate and the coun-

try, despite the difficulties encoun-
tered in entering it, and the depriva-
tions which had to be put up with.
From the first, the colonists, gener-
ally speaking, were more than cheer-
ful ; they were happy and contented.
Buoyant in spirits, eager to explore
and acquire information concerning
the surrounding country, they en-
joyed the pioneer life with the keen-
est relish. They laughed at the
hardships and privations, made
friends with each other and with the
Cubans, and tramped the woods and
trails with reckless disregard of mud
and water and thorny underbrush.
The men were astonished to find
themselves in such excellent health ;
the more they exposed themselves,
the more they seemed to thrive, until
nearly every man in the colony was
ready to say that he was better phy-
sically and mentally than when he
left home. It was the same with the
women, whose improved health, en-
tire cheerfulness, and evident con-
tentment were a revelation to the ob-

La Gloria, Cuba — Looking North.
Photograph by I '. A". Van Pi- Venter, Jan. sj, rqoo.
xsx— 2

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

server. There are many women who
take as readily to a pioneer life as do
the men. This was notably the case
in La Gloria.

I shall never forget my first supper
in La Gloria. It was at the com-
pany's restaurant. We were crowded
together on long, movable benches,
under a shelter tent. Before us were
rough board tables innocent of cloth.
The jejines (gnats or sand flies)
swarmed about us, disputing our
food and drink and even the air we
breathed. The food was not served
in courses ; it came on all at once,
and the "all" consisted of cold
bread without butter, macaroni, and
tea without milk. There were not
even toothpicks or glasses of water.
Amid the struggling humanity, and
regardless of the inhumanity of the
jejines (pronounced by the Cubans
"haheens"), my gentlemanly friend
from Medfield, Mass., sat at my right
and calmly ate his supper with evi-
dent relish. He was fond of maca-
roni and tea. Alas ! I was not. At
home he had been an employe in an
insane asylum. I, alas! had not en-
joyed the advantages of such whole-
some discipline. Of that supper I
remember three things most dis-
tinctly — the jejines, my friend's fond-
ness for macaroni and tea, and the
saintly patience and good-humor of
our waiter, Al Noyes.

It was not long before there was an
improvement in the fare, although no
great variety was obtainable. We
usually had, however, the best there
was in camp. The staples were salt
beef, bacon, beans, and sweet pota-
toes or yams, and we sometimes had
fresh pork (usually wild hog), fried
plantains and thin, bottled honey.
We often had oatmeal or corn meal

mush, and occasionally we rejoiced
in a cook whose culinary talent com-
prehended the ability to make frit-
ters. The bread was apt to be good,
and we had Cuban coffee three times
a day. We had no butter, and only
condensed milk. It was considerably
later, when I ate at the chief en-
gineer's table, that we feasted on
flamingo and increased our muscular
development by struggling with old
goat. If it had been Chattey's goat,
no one would have complained, but
unfortunately it was not. Chattey
was our cook, and he kept several
goats, one of which had a pernicious
habit of hanging around the dining
tent. One day, just before dinner,
he was discovered sitting on a pie in
the middle of the table, greedily eat-
ing soup out of a large dish. Chat-
tey's goat was a British goat, and
had no respect for the Constitution of
the United States or the table eti-
quette which obtained in the first
American colony in Cuba. The
soup was dripping from Billy's
whiskers, which he had not even
taken the trouble to wipe. It is cer-
tain that British goats have no table
manners.

When the colonists who came on
the Yarmoutli first arrived in La
Gloria man)' of them were eager for
hunting and fishing, but the sport of
hunting wild hogs very soon received
a setback. An Englishman by the
name of Curtis and two or three
others went out to hunt for big game.
After a rough and weary tramp of
many miles they suddenly came in
sight of a whole drove of hogs. They
had traveled so far without seeing
any game, that they could scarcely
believe their eyes, but they recovered
themselves and blazed away. The

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

result was that they trudged into
camp some hours later triumphantly
shouldering the carcasses of three
young pigs. The triumph of the
hunters was short-lived, however.
The next morning an indignant
Cuban rode into camp with fire in
his eye and a keen edge on his
machete. He was in search of the
"Americanos" who shot his pigs.
He soon found them and could not
be mollified until he was paid eight

How much longer the Cuban would
have continued to bring in dead pigs
had he not been made to understand
that he would get no more money,
cannot be stated. To this day, Cur-
tis and his friends do not know
whether they actually killed all those
pigs. What they are sure of is that
there is small difierence in the ap-
pearance of wild hogs and those
which the Cubans domesticate. And
this is why the hunting of wild hogs

Interior Gen. Van Der Voort's House. (April, iqoo.)

dollars in good American money.
The next day the same Cuban rode
into camp with a dead pig on his
horse in front of him. This was
larger than the others, and the man
wanted seventeen dollars for it. Cur-
tis et a/., did not know whether they
shot the animal or not, but they paid
the " hombre " twelve dollars. The
following day the Cuban again ap-
peared bringing another deceased
porker. This was a full grown hog,
and its owner fixed its >value at
twenty dollars. Again he got his
money, and the carcass as well.

became an unpopular sport in L,a
Gloria.

I was deeply impressed by the
courage and self-reliance of the
colonists. From the start they
showed a splendid ability to take
care of themselves. One day early
in February a white-bearded old fel-
low past seventy years of age, with
blue overalls on and a hoe over his
shoulder, appeared at the door of
General Van der Voort's tent.

" General," he said," if a man owns
a lot, has anybody else a right to come
on to it and pick fruit of any kind ? "

FIRST AMERICAN COLONY IN CUBA.

"Not if the owner has a revolver
and bowie knife," laughingly re-
plied Van der Voort.

"Well," said the man, "I just
thought I 'd ask ye. A couple o'
fellers (Cubans) came on to my lot
to-day while I was at work there and
began to pick some o' these 'ere
guavas. I told 'em to git out, but
they did n't go. Then I went for 'em
w r ith this hoe. One of 'em drawed
his machete, but I didn't care for
that. I knew I could reach him with
my hoe before he could reach me
with his knife. They went off."

General Van der Voort laughed
heartily, and evidently was satisfied
that the man with the hoe was able
to protect himself without the aid of
the La Gloria police force.

The old man's name, as I after-
wards learned, was Joseph B.
Withee. Some of the colonists who
had become intimately acquainted
with him familiarly called him
" grandpa," although he was not the
oldest man in the colony. His age
was seventy-one years, and he hailed
from the state of Maine. None of
his family or friends had come to
Cuba with him, but he had grown
children living in the Pine Tree
state. Alone and single-handed he
began his pioneer lite in La Gloria,
but he was not daunted by obstacles
or fearful of the future. On the con-
trary, he w r as most sanguine. He
worked regularly every day clearing
and planting his plantation, and was
one of the first of the colonists to
take up his residence on his own
land. He soon had vegetables grow-
ing, and had set out strawberry and
pineapple plants, besides a number of
banana, orange, and lemon trees. It
was his boast that he had the best

spring of water in the colony, and it
certainly was a very good one. Mr.
Withee declared that his health was
much improved since coming to
Cuba, and he felt ten or fifteen years
younger. Everybody in the colony
could bear witness that he was re-
markably active and industrious.
Once his relatives in Maine, not
hearing from him, became alarmed,
and wrote to the company asking if
he were alive and in La Gloria. I
went down to his plantation with the
letter, and asked him if he was alive.
He thought he was, and suspended
work long enough to sniff at the idea
that he was not able to take care of
himself, y

Mr. Withee was wont to admit that
before he came to Cuba he had a
weak back, but the only weakness we
were ever able to detect in him was
an infirmity of temper which fore-
boded pugnacious action. Most as-
suredly he had plenty of backbone,
and his persistent pugnacity was
highly amusing. He was always
wanting to " lick " somebody, and I
know not what ni3 r fate will be if we
ever meet after he reads these lines,
although we were excellent friends in
La Gloria. I cap imagine that my
friend Withee was brought up in one
of those country school " deestricts "
where every boy had to fight his way
step by step to the respect of his as-
sociates, and where it was the cus-
tom for the big scholars to attempt
each winter to thrash the teacher and
throw him into a snowdrift. If so, I
will warrant that Withee was held in
high respect.

Withee had a great idea of stand-
ing up for his rights, and for a long
time he was on the war-path, as he
confided to me, in pursuit of a sur-

SA r O WFLAKES.

veyor who had cut down a small palm
tree on his plantation. He didn't
know which individual of the survey
corps it was who perpetrated the
" outrage," but if the old man found
out, one of Chief Kelly's men was in
for a good licking. Of course, the
surveyor was entirely innocent of any
intent to injure the property of Mr.
Withee or anybody else, and cut the
tree while running a survey line. It
was some months after this, in Sep-
tember, that the spirit of Withee's
Revolutionary sires joined issue with
his fierce indignation, and produced
fatal results — fatal to several chickens
that invaded his premises. A neigh-
boring colonist, who lived on the
other side of the avenue, kept a large
number of hens, and allowed them
free range. They developed a fond-
ness for wandering across the road,
and feeding in Withee's well-stocked
garden. They didn't know Withee.
The old man sputtered vehemently,
and remonstrated with the owner —
but the chickens continued to come.
Finally, Withee went to a friendly
colonist and borrowed his gun. Soon
after his return home, one of the de-
tested hens wandered nonchalantly
across the dead line, and presently
was minus a head. Another essayed
the same feat, with the result that
there were two headless chickens in
L,a Gloria. Withee's aim was as
good as when he used to shoot chip-

munks in the Maine woods. The
owner of the hens heard the reports
of the gun, and came over. He was
told to go home and pen up his- poul-
try. Taking the two dead chicks,
he went to the Rural Guards and en-
tered a complaint. While he was
gone, Withee reduced the poultry
population of L,a Gloria by one more.
The owner of the hens returned, ac-
companied by Rural Guards, several
prominent Cubans, and a few colon-
ists. They had come to take the
gun away from Withee. The old
man stood the whole crowd off and
told them to keep their feet clear of
his place. They obeyed the order,
but told him he must kill no more
chickens under penalty of arrest.
He told them to keep the chickens
off his premises under penalty of
their being killed. The old man was
left the master of the situation, and
the hens were restricted to a pen.

The end of the first year found the
colonists in good health and spirits,
and increasing in numbers. Im-
provements, though slow, are steadily
going on. Much clearing and plant-
ing of pineapples, fruit trees, vege-
tables, etc., have been done, and the
town is being built up with stores
and dwelling houses. The neighbor-
ing country is also being settled by
Americans. Altogether, the indica-
tions are that the La Gloria colony
will prove permanent and successful.

SNOWFLAKES.
By Moses Gage Shirley.

Oh, crystal snowflakes falling here below,

Which the cold breath of Winter downward flings,

What are they ? Ah, perhaps this child will know,
She calls them feathers from the angels' wings.

BYGONES-

SOME THINGS NOT GENERALLY KNOWN IN THE
HISTORY OF NORTHFIELD. 1

By Lucy R. H. Cross.

HE story of border and
pioneer life is always an
interesting, but not al-
ways a pleasant, one.
Variety it may have,
and every day adventure, comedy, and
tragedy, perhaps, though it might

Give you no pleasure
Or add to your treasure
Could I weave it iuto a song.

Will Carlton says :

" It is n't the funniest thing a man can do,
Existing in a country when 'tis new.
Nature, who moved in first a good long while
Has things already somewhat her own style,
She don't want things exposed from porch to

closet
And so she kind-o-nags the one who does it.
She loves her ague muscle to display
And shake him up most every other day.
She finds time 'mong her other family cares
To keep in stock good wildcats, wolves, and

bears,
And those who 've wrestled with his bloody

art
Say, ' Nature always takes the Indian's

part.' "

Canterbury, which means North-
field as well, was for a long time the
extreme border town. It was granted
to Richard Waldron and others in
1727, and was incorporated in 1741.
The Scotch Irish from Londonderry
took possession of the Merrimack
River Intervale in 1721. An old
house near the site of the " Muchido "
was used as a fort, and must have
seen many sieges, for when it was
torn down, bullets were found em-
bedded in the oaken walls, and others

between the walls and wainscot.
There was also a fort farther back on
the hill, commanded by Capt. Jere-
miah Clough, which was also a depot
for provisions and a rendezvous for
provincial troops during Lovewell's
and the French and Indian wars, and
a strong guard was always kept there.
Not only did the garrison have to
contend with wild beasts, and the
more cruel Indian, but there was a
bitter jealousy between them and the
Rumford colony just below them.

Canterbury was a New Hampshire
settlement, incorporated by the New
Hampshire government, and settled by
New Hampshire people, while Rum-
ford was settled by Massachusetts peo-
ple,and incorporated by the "Great and
General Court, ' ' and the people looked
to it for help and protection. They
were angry that Canterbury was sup-
plied with provisions and a competent
force of troops, and this feeling did
not entirely die out, until the brave
soldiers of the two settlements had
fought side by side in the many fast-
following wars.

Capt. Jeremiah Clough, who was
later well known in Revolutionary
history, was here furnished with
scouts, who roamed the wooded acres
of Northfield long before a settler
dared choose a home away from un-
der the shelter of the fort. Many of
the muster rolls of Captain Clough are

1 Read before the Northfield and Til ton Woman's Club, Nov. 17, 1900.

NORTHFIELD.

still in existence. In the spring of
1743 he had twenty men for thirty-
nine days. March 8 the house of
representatives voted to pay him
£\€>, \2S., lod.

The next November he had six, and
in April and May, 1744, seven men.
June 2, 1746, the house voted to pay
him £1% for " ye defense of the gov-
ernment." In anticipation of the In-
dian War in 1746 the garrison was
strengthened and he had eleven
scouts.

Captain Clough went along the
Winnipiseogee river as far as the
"great pond," with a force of nine-
teen men. He used to furnish the
bread but their meat was supplied by
the game in the forests through which
they passed. It was through and
through these forests bordering the
Merrimack and Winnipiseogee rivers,
on whose banks large numbers of In-
dians built their wigwams and on
whose w y aters they paddled their ca-
noes, that the scouts passed, and from
their ranks came the first settlers of
the " north fields " of Canterbury, at
the close of the Indian War.

It is thought that Jonathan Heath
built his hut on the Merrimack inter-
vale tw r o years before Benjamin
Blanchard brought his family to Bay
Hill in 1760. He was then forty-one
years old, and his father was killed
at the fort, twenty-two years before.
From this time to 1776 those about
the fort moved to the north and es-
tablished homes along the river.
Among others John Forrest came to
the Feighton place, near Franklin
Falls, in 1774. He had nine children.
His son William cleared a few acres
near the center of the north fields,
put it into grain and the next year
went to Bunker Hill.

He returned sick and wounded and
resumed his life-work, farming. He
planted his corn himself sixty years
in succession and was absent but once
from the annual town-meeting. He
died at eighty-seven, leaving fourteen
children and forty-one grandchildren.
He was a firm Democrat, as were all
his sons and grandsons. He drew r a
pension for many years. His brother
James went nearer the river to the
east. His descendants have through
the successive generations been cele-
brated school teachers and prominent
business men of the tow r n. This is
the only one of the twelve families of
Forrests whose descendants still re-
main in town, while of the twelve
families of Rogers not one is left.

Mr. Shubeal Dearborn purchased
his farm, according to the deed, in
1779. He was married in homespun
at twenty-six, and began housekeep-
ing without a bed or crockery, in a
house with but one pane of glass.
Frugality and industry in time made
him the possessor of a good house,
well furnished, and the fine farm un-
til lately in the possession of his
great-grandson, the late John S.
Dearborn. He was obliged to haul
his building material from Ports-
mouth with an ox team. It is said a
cradle, for the numerous children who
came to gladden the home, was hol-
lowed out of a log, and had done
duty as a sap trough, before the
rockers were attached to it.

There have been twenty-four fami-
lies of Dearborns in town, and it
seems to have been a family of phy-
sicians, as twelve have taken medical
degrees, and several of them have
been noted practitioners.

Twenty-six physicians claim North-
field as their birthplace, and fourteen

NORTHFIELD.

others have practised here for longer or
shorter periods. Dr. Nancy Oilman
was the first woman in the state to
study and practice medicine. Dr.
Richard S. Moloney, after leaving
Northfield, succeeded Hon. John
Went worth as the U. S. Senator from
Illinois at the age of thirty-nine. He
died in Nebraska in 1891.

The following named persons from
the "north fields' served in the
Revolutionary War and were at Bun-
ker Hill :

Lieut. J no. Gilman, 1st Lieut. Charles
Glidden, Shubeal Dearborn, Nathaniel Dear-
born, George Hancock, Jos. Hancock, John
Cross, Reuben Kezar, Nathaniel Perkins,
Jr., 1 Joseph Glines, Abner Miles, Jonathan
Wadleigh, John Dearborn, David Kenison,
Richard Bianchard, William Hancock, Par-
ker Cross, ! Nathaniel Perkins, William
Rines, William Forrest.

The following persons served else-
where in the Revolutionary War :

Lieut. Thomas Lyford, 2 Phineas Fletcher,
Jonathan Leavitt, Benjamin Collins, Benja-
min Glines, Thomas Cross, Isaiah Willey,
Robert Perkins, David Morgan, 3 Benjamin
Drew, Wadleigh Leavit, Edward Dyer, John
Rowen, Robert Foss, John Willey, Mathew
Haines, William Glines, Moses Cross.

The following persons who had
served in the Revolutionary War had
their residence later in the town (in

1854):

Capt. James Shephard, Ensign Abraham
Brown, Ord. Sergt. Samuel T. Gilman,
Mathew N. Sanborn, Samuel Haines, Mor-
rill Shephard, John Shephard, Samuel Dal-
ton. Joseph Mann, Surgeon George Kezer,
Levi Morrill, David Clough, Perkins Pike,
Tonathan Gilman, Jonathan Avers, Edward
Fifield, Jotham Sawyer, John Rollins, John
Sutton, Elias Abbott, Abner Flanders, Sam-
uel Dinsmore, John Dinsmore, Isaac Rich-
ardson, Jacob Richardson, Joseph Ellison,
Caleb Aldrich, Jonathan Wadleigh, Moses
Danforth, Henry Danforth, Jedediah Dan-

1 Died at Bunker Hill.

2 Died at Yorktown.

3 Died in army camp.

forth, Stephen Haines, Samuel Goodwin,
Jesse Carr, Joseph Clisby, Samuel Rogers,
James Muchmore, William Danford, Sam-
uel Rogers, Robert Forrest, Henry Tibbets.

This list comprises one captain,
three lieutenants, one adjutant, three
orderly, and several other ser-
geants.

John Dinsmore was one of General
Washington's body guard. He drew
$96 a year pension. He died in
1846, aged ninety-four. He was a
fierce Democrat and became so en-
raged at his brother for once selling
his vote for a new pair of pantaloons
that he had nothing to do with him
thereafter.

Elias Abbott was in Bedel's Regi-
ment, Captain Osgood's Company,
list of Rangers sent to Canada to
fight Indians in 1776, and was placed
011 the pension roll, Dec. 15, 1830.
He drew $96 a year.

Moses Cross was with Capt. James
Shephard, Continental Dine, Northern
Army, and drew a pension from July

21, 1836.

Joseph Clisby drew $70 a j^ear.
John Dinsmore first drew $70, then
$96, from June 16, 1819. Samuel
Dinsmore drew $96 a year.

Samuel Goodwin was with Colonel
Wingate, Captain Calef, and later
Captain Salter, in the artillery at
Fort Washington ; later with Capt.
David Place at Seavey's Island, Nov.
5, as matross man. He was later
with Colonel Wingate and Capt.
James Arnold at Ticonderoga.

Caleb Aldrich, under Colonel Reed,
Captain Hinds, went to New York.
He was pensioned Dec. 6, 1832, at
$80 per year.

Lieut. Charles Glidden was in the
French and Indian War, and was at
the taking of Quebec by General

NORTH FIELD.

Wolfe in 1759, and at the taking of
Montreal by General Amherst in
1760, and afterward an officer in the
Revolutionary War. His commission
was signed by General Washington,
and is still preserved by his descend-
ants. He was later a prominent citi-
zen of Northfield and was the dele-
gate of the town to the convention at
Exeter when the Federal Constitution
was adopted in 1788. His neighbor,
the grandfather of Wesley Knowles
(?) was taken prisoner at the surren-
der of Fort William Henry, and still
another neighbor was in Stark's Com-
pany of Rangers.

William and Francis Kenniston

'■were in Capt. John Moore's Company

of Rangers from April 24 to July 16,

1756.

Captain Pevey also took a company
to join the Rangers, among whom we
find the names of Edward Presby,
Nathaniel Keniston, and Benjamin
Rogers. They were to serve from
May 1 to Nov. 26, 1756. These were
sent to reenforce General Stark who
was with 1he Rogers Rangers.

The following soldiers of the War
of 18 1 2 were under Colonel Steele in
Capt. Ed. Fuller's Company, and
were mustered in Sept. 28, 18 14, for
sixty days :

Benj. Rollins, John Maiden, Samuel Carr,
Jr., Benjamin Morrill, Ephraim Cross, Mil-
ton Giles, James Otis, and David Keniston,
Jr.

The latter was always called " In-
fant David," either because he be-
longed to the Infantry, or because of
his immense size and height.

Jonathan Gile and a friend, whose
name has been lost, were transferred
from this company to the Fourth
United States Regiment, Western Bri-
gade, ordered to Vincennes and were

at the Battle of Tippecanoe. He
was drowned. His friend returned
with his personal effects and dying
message.

Before taking leave of the military
history of the town I wish to put on
record the following, though it may
not be in chronological order :

The following named men were
mustered into the United States ser-
vice from New Hampshire in the
" War of the Rebellion" under call
of July 2, 1862, and subsequent calls
and assigned to the quota of North-
field, or went prior to the date given,
or were natives of Northfield who en-
listed elsewhere :

First Regiment — Abe Libby.

Second Regiment — Edmund Sanders.

Third Regiment — Peter Hilton, James
Lynch.

Fourth Regiment — Benjamin Hannaford,
Israel Hall, Richard Dearborn, James Til-
ton, Winthrop Presby, James Dan forth,
Aaron Veasey, Curtis Whittier, William
Parsons, Abram Dearborn, John Collins,
Corp. Charles Cofrari, George W. Clark,
Thomas Benton Clark.

Sixth Regiment — James Martin, Thomas
King, John Johnson, Charles Marsh, Josiah
Robbins, Charles Dinsmore, Joseph Dins-
more.

Seventh Regiment — Frank Edson.

Eighth Regiment — Gideon Coty, Corp.
Charles Arlin, George Whitcher.

Ninth Regiment — Thomas Austin, Wal-
lace Chase, Lucien Chase, Thomas Gile, Jr..
Van Peabody, Walter F. Glines. Alonzo
Hoyt, Charles H. Davis, Charles W. Tilton.
William H. Roberts, Joseph Bennet.

Eleventh Regiment — John W. Downes.

Twelfth Regiment — Calvin W. Beck,
John Dalton, Asa William, Ira Whitcher,
George Niles, Frank Braley. Cornelius
Braley, James Farley, John Keniston. George
Roberts, Charles Woodward, Benjamin
Clark. Byron K. Morrison, Bill Harriot,
Fred Keniston, Hiram Hodgdon, sutler.

Fifteenth Regiment — Jeremiah Hall, M.
D. surgeon, Albert McDaniel, Thomas G.
Ames.

Sixteenth Regiment — Ervin Hurd, Rufus
H. Tilton, John W. Piper.

Eighteenth Regiment — Albert Brown,
Arthur Merrill, John W. Piper.

NORTHFIELD.

Veterans 1 Relief Corps — Samuel C. Fi-
field.

First Cavalry — Charles Smart, William
Craigue, Asa Dart, Lucien Knowles, George
Stark, Peter Casey, George Keyes, James
Be Gold, John Morrow, George Smith.

Heavy Artillery — Hiram H. Cross, Albert
McDaniel, Albert Titcomb, Joseph Mills Si-
monds, John Dinsmore.

United States Navy — Stephen Kenney,
Clarence H. Abbott.

Marines — John Lyons, John Kelley,
Joseph Sweeney, Joseph Perry, James Mc-
Vayf

First Massachusetts Cavalry — William C.
Whittier, credited to Tilton.

First United States Artillery — Abe Libby
(reenlisted), James Morrison, Charles Stev-
ens.

One Hundred and Seventeenth Infantry —
Capt. William A. Gile, credited to Frank-
lin.

Veteran Battalion — Charles Arlin (reen-
listed).

Eighth Illinois Cavalry — George R.
Clough, credited to Evanston. 111.

Regular Army (under Gen. Joe Hooker) —
Charles W. Clough, credited to New Bos-
ton, N. H.. retired for moon blindness.

Rev. John Chamberlain was sent
out by Governor Berry to look after
the sick and wounded New Hamp-
shire boys, anywhere and everywhere,
and was pensioned by special act of
Congress.

So let us be proud that Northfield
has ever done her duty according to
her strength in helping to maintain
one of the grandest governments in
the world. Go past our cemeteries on
Memorial Day and you will see the
fluttering of the little flags that show
how freely her blood was shed not
only for the dear old "Stars and
Stripes," but for the banners our fore-
fathers bore.

In June, 1780, Northfield was set
off from Canterbury and incorporated
as a parish. Mr. Nathaniel Whitcher
was the prime mover. The Merri-
mack and Winnipiseogee rivers formed
its entire western and northern boun-
daries. It contained 17,000 acres and

was in Rockingham county until
1823.

A portion of Northfield was com-
bined with other territory, to form the
town of Franklin, Dec. 24, 1828. But
the same territory was re- annexed to
Northfield, July 3, 1830, and again re-
stored to Franklin, June 26, 1858. A
part of two farms were severed and
annexed to Franklin, June 27, 1861.

The first meeting the town held
Nov. 21, 1780, was at the house of
John Simonds. The first tax was
sixty bushels of corn.

Six thousand dollars was voted for
highways, allowing forty dollars for a
day's work. This item is presumably
a mistake, unless we may learn from
it the value of continental money at
that time.

The third town-meeting held May,
1787, must have been a very impor-
tant one. The record shows three
items of business :

Voted after choosing the modera-
tor —

1st. To take the Bnzzil family into
the cear of the town.

2nd. To drink two bowls at the
town caust.

3d. Voted in addition to the above
vote To drink six more on the town
caust.

L,oudon was also a part of Canter-
bury, set off in 1773. So, whenever
we speak of dear old Mother North-
field let us not forget to think kindly
of Aunt L/Oudon and Grandmother
Canterbury.

As I have before said the first set-
lers were from Canterbury fort. Na-
thaniel Whitcher soon came from
Lee and purchased 500 acres of wild
land and established his four sons
near and around Chestnut pond. Mr.
Wesley Knowles' s grandfather bought

NORTHFIELD.

his farm of Mr. Whitcher, it is said,
for a two-year-old heifer.

Mr. Jonathan Clough came from
Salisbury, Mass., with four children,
in midwinter on an ox sled, with all
their worldly possessions. The two
sons took opposite farms on Bay Hill,
which are still held in the family.

Jonathan Wadleigh, a Revolution-
ary soldier, came from Kingston to
Bean Hill, moving later to the farm
next below the reservoir. His son,
Peter Wadleigh, one of the leading
men of the town, was a judge of the
court of sessions when Merrimack
county was organized in 1823.

Four Hill brothers came from Salis-
bury, Mass., and bought farms on
and near Bay Hill. They were coop-
ers and were attracted by the oak
timber. The Cofrans came from
Pembroke, the Winslows from L,ou-
don, and the Browns from Notting-
ham.

A large family of Giles came from
Exeter and purchased a large tract of
land, some 414 acres, southwest of
the centre of the town, where the fam-
ily removed.

The Gerrishes came from Bristol,
England, to Newbury, Mass., then to
Boston, and Henry was one of the
first settlers of Boscawen.

The Gliddens from Maine, and the
Smiths from Old Hampton.

Henry Tibbetts came from the
Shakers, where he had brought his
family a short time before. His son,
Bradbury, tiring of Shaker life ran
away and took a farm in East North-
field, where his father and family
came a little later. Here they both
lived and died. The father had been
a soldier in the Revolutionary War.
He had a fellow soldier named Sin-
clair, with whom he was intimate as

they fought side by side . The latter had
left a young wife in his distant home
and when he fell, mortally wounded,
made his friend promise if he lived to
return to carry the news of his death
himself to her. He complied faith-
fully with the wish of his friend and
in due time wooed and won her for
his bride. There were born to them
two daughters and seven sons, three
of whom, Hiram, Nathan, and
Charless were physicians, and spent
most of their lives in Louisiana.
Charles was a surgeon in the army
during the Civil War.

Capt. Isaac Glines was born in
Canterbury. His mother was a
daughter of the 'first settler, Blanch-
ard. He learned the carpenter's
trade at Salem, Mass., and used to
take men and materials and return
home summers and erect first-class
houses. He was captain of the
" Home Guards " at Salem, and after
his return to live at Northfield was
captain in the State Militia.

Robert Gray and ' ' Squire ' ' John
Moloney first came to Northfield as
his help. The latter became sheriff
and did an extensive business in the
surrounding counties. After his
death his numerous family moved
West. Some are now living in Chi-
cago.

Thomas Chase came from Concord
to the Cross settlement. He was by
trade a baker, but his father-in-law
on his marriage bestowed many broad
and fruitful acres on his bride as her
marriage portion. He abandoned his
chosen calling and became a thrifty
farmer, adding from time to time, to
his extensive farm until he became
possessed of some five or six hundred
acres.

Dr. Alexander Thompson Clark

NORTHFIELD.

came from Londonderry and read
medicine with Dr. Derned of Hopkin-
ton.

In 1802 he came to Northfield after
one or two years' practice in Canada.
He was Fellow of New Hamp-
shire Medical Society and died sud-
denly in 1 82 1, leaving six children.

Stephen Chace came to Northfield
in 1775 and built the first fulling mill
in the parts where the Granite mill
now stands. He lived in the house
still standing at the entrance of Bay
street, where he kept tavern. He
owned all the land east and south of
his mill for a considerable distance.
He surrendered his business to his
son, Benjamin, who put in a carding
machine and continued it until sold
to Jeremiah Tilton, who paid $400 for
the mill and four acres of land in
1820. He lived in a tenement over
the mill until his new brick house
near by was built. He was twice
burned out and each time enlarged
his plant, doing a prosperous business
until his death in 1863.

Oak Hill was for many years called
Foss Hill. Two brothers of the name
owned all the land between the Pond
Brook (now Phillips Brook) and the
Canterbury line. There was a large
family of Kenistons, one of Kenisons,
and one of Kennersons, no relation-
ship being claimed.

The following is copied from an
ancient book called " Miscellaneous
Documents and Records relating to
New Hampshire at different periods : "

Northfield Apr. the nth ye : : 1786
This is to sartify a greeable to an Act
Past the 3: ye: : 1786 a trew a Count of
all the Males poles is 75 and the number of
women and children is 274.

William Perkins, ") „ .
75 William Forrest, >

274 Thomas Cross, )

I would like, if time permitted, to
speak of many more of the noble men
and women who came from time to
time to make Northfield their home ;
who erected its churches, founded its
schools, and gave their time and ener-
gies to the various industries of its
every-day life ; but I am now obliged
to take leave of legitimate history,
and without regard to chronology
take an incident here and there, and
acting the part of the oldest inhabi-
tant bring to you in hurried detail a
few disconnected stories, showing the
ambitions and doings of the past.

There seems to have been some-
thing akin to rivalry even in those
good old times. When Mr. Gilman
built his barn, the first one in town,
his next door neighbor built one
twenty-five feet longer.

" Squire " Glidden, seeing no rea-
son why he should not have as big a
barn as any one, built one the next
year longer by twenty-five feet and
larger. Dr. Clark built a fine two-
story house, and Squire Moloney built
a finer one, close by, three stories
high. The great September gale un-
roofed this house and when it was re-
paired one story was taken off.

Squire Moloney and Squire Glid-
den were always candidates for politi-
cal honors, and were buying votes the
whole year round. Some of Molo-
ney's purchased votes went one year
to elect Mr. Glidden, so the former
charged the latter, for a whole barrel
of rum, as the price of the votes he
had stolen.

Ezekial Moore used to carry the
mail on horseback from Concord,
through Canterbury, over Bay Hill,
as far as Gilmanton Corner. So you

NORTHFIELD.

see ' ' Rural Delivery " is no new
thing. He began in 1798, and gave
his business to his neighbor, Tallant,
in 181 2 — fourteen years.

The first manufacturing within the
limits of the town was by four Cross
brothers on a brook bearing their
name, now called Phillips Brook, en-
tering the Merrimack opposite the
Webster place, where the Plummer
brothers now reside. Here, close to
Oak Hill, they established a grocery
store, tailor's shop, carding machine,
and fulling mill, sawmill, cooper's
shop, grist-mill, and a jewelry manu-
facturing shop, making a specialty of
gold beads. Other business gathered
around then, such as shoeing shops
for man and beast, and a shop where
earthern and wooden ware was made.
Their freighting was all done by
boats on the Merrimack, and a ferry
connected them with Boscawen.

Some of this business went later to
the Centre, after the building of the
Old Meeting House. Of the four
sawmills, three tanneries, and four
cooper's shops, once doing good
business in town, not one remains.

The earliest schools were often kept
in private houses. The first houses
were all of the same general style,
made of logs, with a rock chimney at
one end, where, in winter, a roaring
fire was kept, with unseasoned, un-
cleft wood. There were two holes on
either side of the walls, each furnished
with a single pane of glass. There
was one on Bay Hill, one at the Cen-
tre, and Hodgdon, and perhaps one
at Oak Hill, and only male teachers
were employed.

Master Gleason at the Centre, had
from sixty to eighty pupils. He
boarded round and John Forrest was
charged with the duty of carrying
him a bottle of cider each day. Once
by mistake or purposely the bottle
was filled from the vinegar barrel. At
the usual time, after the wear and
tear of the morning hours, the master
repaired to the closet, where the cider
was wont to be kept, and dispensed
with a good stout drink before he dis-
covered his mistake. Speechless with
rage and vinegar he could only shake
his fist in the face of the boy, at the
same time giving such power of ex-
pression to his face as would have
been highly applauded on the stage.
John was promised a good flogging
and the master wore a sour look the
rest of the day.

Dudley Leavitt, the astronomer and
almanac maker, used to teach at the
Hodgdon, and board w r ith his sister
on Bean Hill, always going on foot.
Masters Thorn, Bowles, and Sutton
were the most ancient teachers, most
of whom excelled in arithmetic. It
is said that Master Thorn, being cor-
nered by Moses Batchelder on a sum,
went to Master Abram Simonds, one
of the best learned men of the town,
who refused to assist him, but that he
sat down with Benjamin Winslow,
who could not cipher but who did it
in his head, while the teacher wrote
it down in figures.

Sally Thornton was the first female
teacher. She used also to preach.

It was a long established custom for
the big boys to sell the ashes and buy
rum for the last day of school. Good
Mother Winslow being present, once,
when forestick, backlog, and all came

3 o NORTH FIELD.

rolling out on the hearth and nearly fill. Elder Mahew Clark was to

suffocated them all before they could preach the afternoon sermon. As he

be righted, spoke right out, and said, ascended the long stairs to the little

" It were better to sell the ashes for pulpit beneath the sounding board,

shovel and tongs than to buy rum for he looked down on the elders and peo-

the scholars." She was silenced at pie half asleep from the effects of their

once by a voter present, who said, libations.

" Let 'um have their rum — let 'um He took for his text, " Woe to

have it. It '11 do them as much good drunkards of Ephraim." Nothing like

as salt does sheep once in awhile." that sermon was ever heard before,

And so the ashes did not go for shovel either in manner, matter, or effect,
and tongs. Rum began at once to be excluded

from religious gatherings, funerals,

and weddings, and Mr. Forrest is

I should not wish to say that North- said then to have declared that he

field people were worse than others in would never haul another drop of rum

using spirituous liquor, but the first from Portsmouth or elsewhere. Rev.

traders all kept it, and Saturday Liba Conant, who long preached

nights, men, boys, and all were in the there used to relate that he once at-

habit of going with their jugs for a tended an ordination at Loudon,

large or small quantity of it. No where liquor was furnished and a fife

public gathering was in order without and drum were used to call the people

it. Mr. Jeremiah Kimball, who to the afternoon service,
traded at the Centre many years,
used to say, " He had sold rum

enough there to fill the whole valley, Mr. Moses Winslow says that while

so that a vessel could float above the the town was hesitating over the

treetops, straight from Sanbornton building and location of the Old

Bridge to the Canterbury line." Meeting House, Mr. Peter Wadleigh

Let it be said to the credit of the and others began one on the plain,

good people, however, that right there just above Kendegeda brook, but it

the temperance reform began in this was burned, perhaps purposely,

wise. There was to be a quarterly There is no record of it.
meeting at the Old Meeting House, The Old Meeting House was built

and Squire Samuel Forrest, who often by the town and mone)' appropriated

went with his team to Portsmouth for for some years to pay for preaching,

supplies for the merchants and others, and a committee chosen to see to the

was charged with the duty of deliver- supply at each annual town-meeting,
ing a barrel of New England rum in
season for the anticipated gathering.

No reason was given for the delay, The first bridge over the Wiunipis-

but the good cheer did not arrive un- eogee river was a few rods east of the

til time for the afternoon service. The present structure, by the Firth mill,

meeting was postponed, and the bar- and was made of birch logs in 1763.

rel tapped without being unloaded The town voted #300 " old tenner,"

from the wagon, and all drank their to help build it, and it was used for

NORTHFIELD.

horses as well as pedestrians. It was
over this bridge that Mr. Runnels
says the Barleys passed on their way
to their new home in Sanbornton.
L,et us imagine we are in sight. First
comes Mrs. Burley on horseback,
with the two youngest children in her
arms. Behind her was a bag contain-
ing a bushel and a half of meal. In
a bed tick, thrown over the hor.se,
was the barnyard poultry. There
were holes cut in the lower portions,
on either side, for breathing places
for the birds, out of which their heads
protruded. Mr. Burley followed on
foot, with the two older boys and two
cows.

A better bridge was built with the
assistance of Canterbury, in 1784,
which was carried away by an ice
freshet in 1824. Another took its
place at once. This one fell in 1839,
with a six-horse stage full of passen-
gers on it. None of them lost their
lives, but several were thrown into
the water and otherwise injured, and
later recovered damages of the town.
But one of the horses was rescued.

There was also a bridge over the
river, close by the Holmes, now the
-" Tilton mills,'' built by subscription.
Squire Nathaniel Holmes was the
prime mover. Mr. John Dearborn,
father of Joseph P., furnished the
lumber and much of the labor. Mr.
Holmes wished to use a house stand-
ing over the river as a boarding
house. He purchased the Philip
Clough farm of which this house was
the center, embracing the land where
the first seminary stood, and as far
south as the fairgrounds. To improve
its value, he laid out a three- rod road,
across the farm to the Colony road,
buying a strip of land of Mr. Cate.
This road, past Mr. Holmes's house,

by the mill, over the bridge, and as
far south as the Colony road, was on
his own land and was never a high-
way until Park street was laid out, in
1857, and extended across the plain
to the Kendegeda bridge.

An old sawmill stood at the east
end of this bridge, which was built in
old Colonial times, no one knows
when. It was purchased by the rail-
road and in course of time demolished.
The bridge, too, was not a very sub-
stantial structure. One end fell into
the river, and the other was pulled
down.

The route of the Boston, Concord
& Montreal railroad, as first surveyed,
in 1844, after crossing the brook on
the plains, bore to the east, crossing
the fields back of Jason Foss's build-
ings and B. F. Cofran's, along the
side of the hill to a point a little above
the "Granite Mills," where the de-
pots were to be located. The village
people were not thus to be left out,
and raised such a clamor that the
present course was granted, thus add-
ing two long cuts and two bridges to
the cost of construction.

The road was opened to Sanborn-
ton Bridge, May.22, 1848, with great
rejoicing. All day the citizens of
Northfield and Sanbornton Bridge
were transported to Concord and back
free of charge.

Mr. Hunt, in his Centennial ad-
dress, tells of a Mrs. Colby who
used to warp her webs on the apple
trees ; also of the many women and
children who used to braid hats and
pick berries, sometimes for the entire
support of large families, but Mrs.
John Simonds without doubt excelled

NORTHFIELD.

them all. Her son, Thomas, used to
tell of a fine suit of clothes she wove
and made for him, using only bear's
hair and thistledown, and that they
passed for broadcloth when he wore
them up to Danville Green to muster.

It was quite the custom for the fe-
male teachers, even if they had fifty
or sixty scholars and boarded round,
to spin and weave a web of cloth each
term in some friendly home in the
neighborhood.

Mr. Dockham, who had charge of
erecting the first seminary building,
told me that it was begun without any
plans or estimates. They were to
erect a house seventy feet long, forty
wide, and two stories in height.

Those of you who remember the
location of the " United Panoplian "
reading-room, and the primary school-
room will not wonder at their unsuit-
able location. Warren Hill made the
bricks for it from the clay bank, back
of the Granite mills, Colonel Cofran
burned them, and Isaac Bodwell laid
the walls.

i In December, 1835, Rev. Geo. Storrs
attempted to deliver an antislavery lecture in
the Methodist church, now the town house,
but was dragged from his knees while in
prayer, preliminary to his address, by a dep-
uty sheriff on a warrant charging him with
being an idle and disorderly person, going
about the town and county disturbing the
public peace.

His trial took place the next day
and he was acquitted.

North field cannot boast of any man
of extraordinary fame. We have
turuished no president, no governor,
no Hobson or Dewey, but among the

residents of the olden time was a pre-
eminently lazy man and a wonderful
story teller. The former, William
Glines, was generally known by the
attractive name of "Old Cartnap,"
as were his descendants to the latest
generation. The old fellow had met
with the men of the neighborhood to
work out the highway tax. H>e was
slow and in everybody's way, and
gladly accepted their suggestion to
get under a cart by the roadside, and
sleep while they worked out his tax.
Just how much he slept is not told,
as he was pelted from time to time
with clods and dirt by the fun-loving
men and boys. His mother was a
Cartwright, a noble family in Boston,
and thus had a right (wright) to the
Cart. His wife, Hannah Hancock,
was a niece of John Hancock, who
signed the Declaration of Independ-
ence. L,et it be said also that his
seeming indolence may have been
caused by the hardships of his youth-
ful service in the Revolutionary War
in which he suffered the privations of
prison life. Two of his sons, who
went to the West, became prosperous
and wealthy men, the one at Findlay,
and the other at Marietta, Ohio.

The story teller, Grandsire Hall,
used to sit on winter evenings, in the
chimney corner, and tell of the won-
derful things that used to happen
when he was a boy. He used to tell
of a snow storm that came the last day
of April. At first, it was only an
inch of show and an inch of hail on
top of it. Then for years, it was a
foot of snow and a foot of hail on
top of it, and as time passed on it
became a rod of snow and a rod on
top of it.

1 Greeley's " History of the Great Rebellion.

Mr. Simonds, familiarly called

NORTH FIELD.

" Uncle Tom," was very weather-
wise, and used to go about the
neighborhood announcing a storm
coming, as his eye, that wasn't
there, had pained him all night, and
the almanac said the moon was
" apodging."

But the quaintest of all quaint peo-
ple was the family of Sergeant Blanch-
ard. His two dwarf sons, stubbing
about town, wearing stovepipe hats
given them by the fun-loving boys,
were, like "Falstaff's recruits," in-
tensely comical. Nature had played
havoc with them physically, with
such wonderful uniformity, that half
the well matched yokes of oxen in
town, for years, were named for them,
"Billy and Jerry." The father had
been in the army and was every inch
a soldier.

It is said that at his wife's funeral,
dazed by his grief, perhaps, and
having in mind the long procession
as it followed him over the snow,
thought he was conducting a dress
parade, and called out "Halt ! " He
then proceeded to tell them that
"forty year ago I shot a 'beer' on
this very spot." Then calling out
" forward inarch," they proceeded.
A few months later his daughter
went in haste to a neighbor's and
said, " Dad 's mighty bad off ! Aint
gwine ter live long, want to get
something good to read to him.
Wont yer lend me yer' last year's
almanack ! "

Warren H. Smith was for many
years preeminently the business man
of the town. He began building rail-
roads in 1847, more than a half cen-
tury ago, when thirty years of age,
having previously for some years

farmed extensively in summer and en-
gaged winters in lumbering. His
first contract commenced two miles
below Sanbornton Bridge and ex-
tended to Warren, sixty- four miles.
Later from Warren to Wells River,
twenty-two miles. Then, in 1848, he
built five miles on the Manchester &
Lawrence, also from Wells River to
St. Johnsbury in 1850. He then
went to Connecticut in 1S53, for a
contract on the Fishkill & Provi-
dence, and thence to Tennessee. He
built eleven miles on the Suncook
and fifteen on the Sugar River road,
twenty- five miles from Cohasset to
Duxbuty, thirty-eight on the Mont-
pelier and Wells River, and nine and
a half on the Franconia Notch.
Nearly all these contracts included
grading, track laying, masonry, and
bridging, and required a large force
of laborers.

Joseph Gerrish was for many years
the leading farmer of the town. His
farm consisted of many acres of both
intervale and upland. He erected
spacious barns and a large and com-
modious house. He possessed good
horses, ample means, and a family of
thirteen children. He lived gener-
ously and was looked up to and re-
spected as one of the most substantial
farmers in the town. He died in 1851,
leaving three highly cultivated and
fruitful farms to his sons, none of
whom no A' live, and scarcely an acre
of laud still remains in the family
name. Mr. Gerrish, in the early-
part of the Revolutionary War,
erected a still and manufactured
whiskey from potatoes of his own
raising, but abandoned the business
after peace was restored.

XXX— 3

NORTHFIELD.

1 Hon. Asa P. Cate was perhaps the most
eminent public man of the town where lie
spent the whole of his useful life. He was a
lawyer of note, a judge of Probate for Merri-
mack county, a senator and president of the
senate, a liberal friend of the New Hamp-
shire Conference seminary, superintendent
of school for many years, county solicitor,
railroad commissioner, his party's candidate
for governor, and the founder of the Citi-
zens 1 National Bank.

He had also the following military
record : He was lieutenant of the
Second Company of L,ight Infantry in
the Thirty-eighth Regiment in 1833,
promoted to captain the year follow-
ing, major in 1837, lieutenant-colonel
the next year, and colonel in 1839.

I cannot close without paying due
tribute to the natural beauty and at-
tractiveness of this my native town,
to the dear ones long since passed on
before, who watched over my child-
hood and the earnest teachers who
guided my wayward feet along the
often rugged path of knowledge, to
the man of God who so earnestly set
before us the things that make for
peace and right living, to the noble

1 George H. Moses in Granite Monthly.

institution which was once the joy
and pride of us all, where noble and
wise men and women showed us the
curious things of nature, art, and sci-
ence, which have made so many of
our lives rich in thought, feeling,
knowledge, and reminiscence.

Coming back after some years'
sojourn upon the prairies of the West
I appreciate more than ever the
charming variety of hill and dale and
noble forest. How forcibly does my
heart respond to the sentiment ex-
pressed by the poet Goldsmith, in his
"Deserted Village," a sentiment as-
sented to by so manj', who, in distant
homes, long ever for the dear scenes
of childhood :

" In all my wanderings round this world of

care,
In all my griefs— and God has given my

share —
I still had hopes my latest hours to crown,
Amidst these humble bowers to lay me

down,
To husband out life's taper at the close,
And keep the flame from wasting by repose,
And, as an hare, whom hounds and horns

pursue
Pants to the place from whence at first she

flew,
I still had hopes my long vexations past
Safe to return — and die at home at last.

Note— Authorities drawn upon : Runnell's " History of Sanbornton ; " Potter's " Military
History of New Hampshire;" "Adjutant General's Records;" Professor Hunt's "Centennial
Address ; " " Papers of the L,ate Judge Nesmith ; " Mrs. Mary A. Jones ; Mrs. William Clough ;
Mrs. Jason Foss ; Mrs. F. S. Spencer, and others.

fi *

THE ENGLISH GUILD SYSTEM.

By George J I'. Parker

HAT capital must hence-
forth reckon with or-
ganized labor is conclu-
sively demonstrated by
the outcome of the re-
cent great Pennsylvania coal strike.
The prominent position and impor-
tant function of the labor union as an
industrial-social fraternity, enabling
the laborer to demand just wages
and assuring him the moral and
financial support of his fellow-work-
men is evident to all. From small
beginnings the labor union, like the
grain of mustard seed, has waxed
and increased until to-day it basks in
the genial rays of success. Almost
every conceivable department of in-
dustrial activity is to-day represented
in the immense army of organized
labor, which is arrayed for aggres-
sive action only when such aggres-
siveness is imperativly demanded as
a means of self-preservation. Sub-
mitting his grievances to arbitration,
the laborer now has those who cham-
pion his cause, and who, through the
strength afforded them by united
thousands, are in a position to com-
mand a respectful audience with the
employer. To those familiar with
growth and recent victories of labor
unions, the question arises, " Whence
came they ? In what social or indus-
trial customs or organizations did the
labor union have its beginning ? "

Simultaneously with the growth of
trade unions might be noted another

mercantile organization, whose pur-
pose, likewise, is self-protection, but
which looks also to the expansion of
trade and commerce and general
municipal improvement. The board
of trade combines in almost every
city the more progressive citizens,
especially the mercantile classes, and
seeks to promote the general social
aud material welfare of the commu-
nity. Measures for the public weal,
fairs, carnivals, trade week, are all
promoted by the board of trade, to-
gether with any other methods for
extending trade, municipal improve-
ment and the general economic good.
In so far as this mercantile protective
organization seeks to establish uni-
formity in the prices of commodities,
prescribes methods, or makes any
other regulations looking to the pro-
tection of the interests of its mem-
bers, it corresponds closely to the
merchant guild of the thirteenth and
fourteenth centuries. In fact, it may
safely be asserted that the board
of trade and labor union had their
origin in the merchant and craft
guilds respectively. So close is the
analogy in more ways than one, that
a review of the English guild will
throw much light upon the modern
labor union and board of trade.

The guild was a fraternal, indus-
trial organization which flourished in
England, France, and Germany from
the twelfth to sixteenth centuries.
There were two varieties, merchant

36 THE ENGLISH GUILD SYSTEM.

guilds and craft guilds. The gen- chief among which are industries,
eral purpose of these was to encour- commerce, education, and society, in
age and protect home industries, its limited sense of social organiza-
manufactures, and commerce by tions. This fact we immediately
means of rules for the regulation of recognize in the pecuniary affairs of
trade. The guild merchant existed a nation, which are improved by an
earlier, and was composed of mer- increased manufacture, sale, or ex-
chant citizens and craftsmen, enjoy- change of commodities, an extensive
ing certain privileges and under obli- foreign trade, a high degree of intel-
gation to regulate production of ligence among the merchant class,
goods, market prices, and distribu- and a healthy, well-balanced social
tion. life.

Craft guilds were the outgrowth of The guild encouraged and pro-
merchant guilds and mark the differ- tected all branches of social activity,
entiation of trades. They were com- It matters not in what department we
posed of masters, individuals who search, in every branch the influ-
carried on the business on their own ence of the guild organization is
account, journeymen, skilled work- seen. Thus industry was promoted
men receiving wages, and appren- by measures protecting home indus-
tices, who served a certain time, tries and restricting the introduc-
usually seven }'ears, to learn the tion of foreign manufactured articles,
trade. Like merchant guilds, they Partial or complete monopoly of
were intimately connected with muni- home trade was secured by restric-
cipal administration, fulfilling indus- tions, placed on all who were not
trial, social, philanthropic, political, members. Guild members could buy
and religious functions. The main and sell before any others, and all
objections to the guild system are who did not belong to a guild were
that it necessitated industrial unifor- also compelled at times to pay taxes,
mity, and thus discouraged competi- As the use of articles of foreign
tion, that it tended to create class manufacture was regarded as detri-
distinction, and that its connec- mental to the best interests of the
tion with municipal administration home producer, their introduction
changed its proper function to that of was restricted. In the process of
a semi-political organization. production and consumption guild

From a careful study of the guild supervision was still more marked,
system and the times in which it was Raw material was, in most cases,
a powerful influence, it will be seen hard to obtain by reason of its scar-
that it fostered and developed those city, remoteness of market, poor
elements of national life on the prop- means of transportation, aud the
er growth of which depends a na- limited resources at the command of
tion's material well-being. If we individual masters. Combined pur-
seek to ascertain the departments of chases were made by the guild, and
social activity, on a right ordering of the whole amount was divided
which economic progress is essentially among the masters at reasonable
dependent, we find that finance is de- prices. To guard against fraud in
termined by various other branches, the manufacture of materials, the

THE ENGLISH GUILD SYSTEM.

quality of goods and fair prices were
guaranteed by the guild, and, to pro-
tect itself, it exercised, through its
warden, the right to regulate appren-
ticeships, tools, time, methods of
work and materials used. Disputes
in trade matters were commonly re-
ferred to the guild for settlement.

Commerce was encouraged by a
policy which looked to English pres-
tige among maritime nations as its
ultimate aim. To be sure, commerce
was not yet developed to an extent
comparable with that which it has
since attained, but the first steps
taken now were conducive to lasting
results. Wider commercial privi-
leges were obtained by the establish-
ment or patronage of foreign staples,
which were ports for commercial ex-
change. These were also established
at home, and in these home interests
were protected. One of the most im-
portant measures taken was the re-
quirement that the conduct of Eng-
land's trade should be in the hands
of English shippers and in English
manned ships. Necessities and de-
sirable products were imported with-
out duties. Such a policy tended
to furnish a basis of naval power
through the merchant marine thus
established.

Education was less frequently the
object of careful supervision, yet this
was also fostered, as is shown in the
ordinances of some of the guilds re-
turned in obedience to the writs of
Richard II. These provided for
schools and furnished schoolmasters.
Schools were comparatively few in
those days and methods of instruc-
tion were correspondingly crude.
Industrial education was chiefly
sought after, and nearly all teaching
was domestic, being done by the

master or his wife after work. The
guild required masters to teach ap-
prentices a trade, and the rudiments
of an education.

That social life was strengthened
is shown conclusively. This was
done through measures that were
social, philanthropic, eleemosynary,
economic, and religious. One of the
most noticeable facts of guild organi-
zation is that in nearly all women
were admitted on an equal footing
with men. The guild was a confed-
eration of the weak, based on mutual
self-help and protection. Its philan-
thropic and eleemosynary work was
most important. Sick, poor, and
aged members were, cared for ; losses
by robbery were made good ; funeral
rites were performed over the dead,
and attendance was compulsory ;
loans of money were advanced, and
sometimes marriage doweries were
given. In some instances travelers
were fed and lodged, roads, town
walls, and bridges were repaired and
churches ornamented. The destitute
dead were buried at the guild's ex-
pense ; widows and orphans were re-
lieved, and mutual assistance was
rendered whenever there was lack of
work. The connection of the town
guild with traveling plays and pro-
ductions of their own at fairs was
most marked at York and Coventry.
The plays were often of a religious
setting but always interesting, and
through them increased trade was
brought to a town.

Religious faith was intensified and
worship was provided for and sus-
tained. Pilgrims were fed, sheltered,
and assisted. A high code of moral-
ity and social discipline was main-
tained. Masses for deceased mem-
bers were held and at these prayers

38 THE ENGLISH GUILD SYSTEM.

were prescribed for the members. A and employed was not pronounced,

common chapel or altar was sus- for industries were in an embryonic

tained and church ornaments were state and had not yet become suffi-

supplied. Some of the guilds were ciently extensive and diversified as

created for the preservation of sacred to require large expenditure of

rites, relics, or worship of patron money in conducting them. Master,

saint. The ecclesiastical element is journeyman, and apprentice worked

most conspicuous in the guilds of side by side on the same social plane,

Norwich. This is seen especiall} 7 in and it was only a matter of time

the Guild of St. George, St. Kather- when the apprentice might become a

ine's Guild, the Guild of St. Christo- master. Thus we see that in many

pher, the Tailors of Norwich, and respects uniformity was desirable for

the Young Scholars at L,ynn. the stage of development in which

The guild system was an imniedi- industry was now conducted. Indi-
ate cause of the establishment of a vidual masters could not advanta-
national financial policy. Although geously both buy material and manu-
this policy was better developed later facture and sell goods. When the
under the mercantile system, yet its guild bought the raw material needed
foundation may be seen in the great by all, and apportioned it equally
impetus given trade, which, in turn, among the masters, receiving there-
created a demand for money, and an for a reasonable compensation, it was
increased appreciation of accumu- done for the general welfare. Under
lated treasure. It was the policy of guild supervision the rights of all
England at that time to hoard up the were protected equally, and the scar-
precious metals and to prohibit their city of complaints is a valuable testi-
circulation to foreign parts. This mony for guild justice. A uniform
policy was afterwards abandoned, grade of goods was conducive to con-
through the advocacy of Thomas stancy in trade. The customer then
Mun, as being destructive to a favor- had a guarantee that all the material
able balance of trade. was of a standard quality, and great-

Though it is asserted by some that er confidence was thus felt than in

the guild necessitated industrial uni- later times of "shoddy" material,

formity and discouraged competition, produced oftentimes under individual

the assertion has little weight as an competition on the laisscr-fairc prin-

objection. At this time new proc- ciple.

esses had not yet been introduced, Although objection is made that a
so that industrial relations were sta- class distinction was created, this is
ble. Manufacture was still con- far from being true. On the con-
ducted on the domestic plan and the trary, membership in the guilds was
output was not in excess of the de- open to the industrious and upright
mand. Hand work did not produce of all classes. We know from Chau-
implements and materials in such cer's prologue to the "Canterbury
abundance as machinery soon after- Tales" that persons of high estate
wards did, and consequently there did not hesitate to belong to the fra-
was no sharp competition as to-day. ternities, and to appear in public in
The distinction between employer the uniform livery prescribed. The

THE ENGLISH GUILD SYSTEM.

The Guild
Catherine's

Guild of the Trinity at Coventry
could count Henry IV and Henry
VI among its brethren,
of St. Barbara of St.
church, near the Tower of London,
boasted of Henry VIII and Wolsey.
Gentlemen of noble birth, lords,
and knights, who did not accept the
privilege of membership offered
them, would not be deeply con-
cerned whether artisans and farmers
had organizations or not since they
would not frequent the company of
those whom they regarded as infer-
iors. It is sufficiently evident from
the records that the best of spirit pre-
vailed among members of all crafts
and stages of society.

The connection of the guild with
municipal government was a neces-
sity of the times. Neither was very
highly developed and each had much
to gain by cooperation. The guild
had not existed long and municipali-
ties were coming into being, thus, by
mutual assistance, the highest inter-
ests of each were subserved. The
municipality was benefited by the
regulation of the guild in industries
and those interests which affected the
welfare of the town or city. On the
other hand, municipal regulation of
the guild, in order to secure good
quality, fair prices, wages, and con-

ditions of work was necessary. Com-
munication and transportation were
then but poorly developed. The
roads were in wretched condition,
and canals and railroads did not then
exist. The guild was the chief
agency in establishing the independ-
ence of municipalities. Among the
townsmen it secured an increasing
cohesion and unity by the fraternal
bonds of obligation put upon them.
In many instances it procured the
emancipation of towns by buying
charters and extended privileges.
In the extension of the franchise the
guild was a most important factor.
Membership in the order for a year
and a day made' a tenant in villain-
age a free man, as all its members
were. Freedom, justice, and self-
government were insisted upon.

The guild s3 T stem, we have seen,
was the product of its times, and, in
many respects, resembled its modern
substitute. It was of great benefit to
industry when industry could not
regulate its own methods and details.
Incidentally "it fulfilled a variety of
functions for the discharge of which,
in later times, a more distinct and
complicated system has supervened."
It was the soul of industry, the center
of social life, and precursor of muni-
cipal corporations.

THE STATEMENT OF ADAM MORE.

\Copyright by the author.]

By S. I. Litchfield.

Y experience was still
meager and rr^ in-
come woefully small,
when by some unex-
plained turn of the
wheel of Fate, a case was placed in
my care which well nigh caused me
to cry ' peccavi ' ! I could not dis-
cover by the most attentive study
one scrap of evidence from which to
build a successful case, to say noth-
ing of a logical argument, and if
that of which I am going to tell you
had not come to my knowledge just
in the nick of time I am afraid I
should not have succeeded."

Thus spoke James Hobart to a
number of boon companions as they
sat one evening about his cozy
hearth. Hobart was one of the keen-
est lawyers for miles around and this
preface interested us greatly. A close
observer and student of human na-
ture, he had risen to success by inces-
sant hard work and application to
business, and his past experience
was full of incidents, some pathetic,
some romantic, and some unusual,
such as come but seldom to a man.
But any of them could be made inter-
esting by his inimitable skill as a ra-
conteur. We drew up closer to the fire
and lighting fresh cigars settled our-
selves to listen.

"A lady came to my office one day,
a little pale lady, the lines of whose
face bespoke suffering and discpiiiet,

one of those irresponsible people
whom the Almighty never intended
to buffet alone the trials and hard-
ships of existence. Totally unac-
quainted with business or anything
pertaining to it ; a frail little woman
who was reduced to tears by pity and
went into hysterics at a hard word,
but, withal, a lady, with that inde-
scribable something about her which
stamps a woman, or a man as to that,
as belonging to the upper class.

" She claimed to be the widow of
Reuben Keister of the once great
firm of Lombard & Keister, whose
immense properties had lain in chan-
cery since the death of Nathan L,om-
bard, nearly twenty years before.
Lombard had died unmarried, and
no one supposed he had a single rela-
tive in the whole wide world, until
recently a distant cousin had come
forward and laid claim to the fortune.
Reuben Keister had died very sud-
denly, at his office, of apoplexy, so it
was said, and some five years before
his partner, and as no claim had been
made upon his share of the business,
everyone supposed he, too, was un-
married and alone in the world. And
now this woman had made her ap-
pearance and claimed to be his wife.
She told a tale of secret marriage, an
oath to her husband to keep silent
until he gave her permission to tell
about it, long years of concealment
in accordance to her vows, and then

STATEMENT OE ADAM MORE.

privation and the pinch of poverty-
had compelled her to make herself
known and advance her claim. She
told me these few meager facts with
much of hesitancy and diffidence as
though even now the strength of her
vows were upon her, and respect for
her dead husband's wishes was her
paramount desire. Of documentary
evidence she had absolutely none.
Her marriage certificate had been
among her husband's papers, and at
his death these had mysteriously dis-
appeared. This in itself was a sus-
picions fact, but it had not appealed
to her, so simple-minded was she.
Taken altogether it was a most un-
satisfactory stor}% yet she told it with
such a look of honest pleading in her
eyes that I was forced against my
better judgment to believe her and
take up the case, besides, if, by any
chance I should win, it would be of
much value to me.

" I persuaded her to go over the
story again and questioned her ex-
haustively, but did not gain any
knowledge beyond what she had
vouchsafed at the first recital. This
was scanty enough. She could not
even remember the name of the tow r n
in which she was married ; it was
somewhere in the West, in Illinois,
she thought. You can see what a
subject I had to work upon.

" In order to forestall the other
claimant the suit must come before
the bench in January, and this was
November ; short time you will ad-
mit to procure evidence, convincing
evidence, in a case which involved
millions.

" Well, I worked hard. I just
buckled right down and brought
every faculty to bear on the work in
hand. I advertised in almost every

paper in the West. I made a trip
out there myself, in fact, I resolved
myself into a private detective. I
searched ever) 7 bureau of information
at my command. I left no stone un-
turned. I grew hollow eyed and
thin in my anxiety, but not one atom
of corroborative evidence could I
find, still I did not question the wo-
man's veracity, although I am forced
to believe that Mrs. Halliday (Mar-
jory Keister's mother) and I w r ere the
only people in the world who placed
even the semblance of confidence in
her assertion.

" December came and was drawing
to a close with still no advance made,
when, one bitter cold evening, as I
sat alone in my chambers pondering
over the unrequited efforts of the past
month, a note was brought to me.
It was in a scrawling, scarcely legible
hand and read,

" ' Come at once to No. 7 Baskin St., and 3-011
shall learn something about the Keister case.

" ' Adam More.'

" 'Adam More ! ' said I to myself,
' why, that is the name of Lombard's
private secretary ! ' I had learned of
him and his peculiar attachment to
his employer during my researches,
and my heart bounded in anticipa-
tion of what he might be able to tell
me.

"I hurried into my warmest out-
door clothes and started forth to obey
the summons. The air was full of
minute particles of frozen moisture and
the keen wind dashed them against
my face with stinging violence, but,
bowing my head, I hastened forward,
unmindful of the extreme cold. Bas-
kin street was in an out of the way
part of the city, but after fifteen min-
utes hard walking I arrived at num-
ber seven. A small, old-fashioned,

STATEMENT OF ADAM MORE.

two-storied dwelling house, standing
a little back from the street with
small yard at the front, were the
points I noticed as I walked np the
short path leading to the door. I
rang the bell and was admitted by a
young woman, who, when I told her
my name, turned and led the way
down the hall. The house seemed
buried in silence, a thick, cheerless
silence, and my footsteps echoed
loudly through the empty hall. My
conductress opened a side door and we
entered a fairly-sized room, which was
evidently used as a sleeping room,
for in one corner stood a great, high-
posted bed, and in its pillowed depths
lay a man. By the bed stood a small
table, bearing a lighted lamp and lit-
tered with the paraphernalia of the
sick-room.

"'Mr. More' the young woman
said, ' this is the gentleman you ex-
pected,' and without waiting for any
answer she withdrew.

"The occupant of the bed, I should
say from what I could see of him,
was, at best, an undersized man, and
the sickness which held him a pris-
oner had emaciated him to an alarm-
ing degree. His hands, where they
lay on the white bed cover, were like
talons in their thinness. His face
was drawn and worn, but not so
much by sickness, I thought, as by
the constant companionship of a
troubled mind. A consuming: secret
had played upon him until his great
eyes wore a haunted look. What
added to his ghastly appearance was
the livid line of a great wicked scar
which zigzagged across his high,
bulging forehead.

' He moved his hand toward me,
and, as I advanced, said :

" ' I did expect you Mr. Hobart,

though I think if you had not heeded
my summons I should have mustered
enough strength to come to you, for,
at last, I have made up my mind to
rid myself of the haunting horror
which has kept me company for
years.

'"Ah God ! if Nathan Lombard
had loved me as much as I have him
I would go down to my grave in si-
lence, come what might, but my
years have grown heavy with the
weight of his ungratefulness, and be-
fore I breath my last I will do justice
to Reuben Keister's widow ! '

"I sat down by the bedside and
waited for him to continue. At last
he said,

" ' Nathan Lombard and I were
boys together, indeed, I was brought
up in his father's family, for my
parents died when I was very young,
and old Mr. Lombard, in the kind-
ness of his heart, took me to live
with him and gave me as good as
his only son Nathan. We played
•together, and as we grew older
studied together. Nathan was my
model in all things. I loved him as
if he were my own brother. He was
a sturdy fellow and intelligent as
could be, learning easily and seldom
showing the few bad traits that he
possessed, for he had a will of iron
and a temper like a firebrand. I
think he was insane in his moments
of anger, but he held himself mostly
under good control. We were both
ardent students of natural history
and made life a burden for the beast
and birds which infested the woods
about the Lombard estate. Many
are the long tramps we took in
search of specimens, through the
lanes and valleys of that quiet coun-
try township. Those were good days

STATEMENT OE ADAM MORE.

aud we were happy, and the memory
of them in some measure compensates
me for the heavy burdens of after
years.

"'When he was grown to man-
hood Nathan's inclinations lead him
to choose a business career, and he
started out in company with a man
named Reuben Keister, whom he
had met during a short sojourn in
the city. Keister was a good man,
but a Jew, and, as I continued with
Nathan in the capacity of private
secretary, although my duties were
not arduous, Keister grew to know
me as a man to be depended upon,
and he respected me and took me
into his confidence. The business
grew, and the firm, reaching out for
new fields in its steady growth, estab-
lished a branch in Ceylon.

" 'About this time both members
became acquainted with Marjory
Halliday. She was a peculiar girl,
weak and changeable, and at the
best dominated by any mind strong-
er than her own. Strange to relate
both Nathan and Mr. Keister, un-
known to each other, fell in love with
her. They were never with her at
the same time or they must have
known, for when one was at liberty
the other was, perforce, confined to
the office by the business.

' ' ' When Nathan went out to Cey-
lon to look after the firm's interests I
do not think that either he or Mr.
Keister had attained one particle of
advantage over the other in the mat-
ter of her regard, but after Nathan's
departure Mr. Keister was with her
more, and as he had no rival I sup-
pose he gained the ascendancy.

"'That summer Miss Halliday
went on a trip through the West.
Mr. Keister was called to that part of

the country by urgent business, and,
as he knew her whereabouts, met her
in an obscure little village in the
state of Illinois. When he came back
he said to me,

" ' " More, Miss Halliday and I were
married at C — on the 14th of July,
and I deemed it necessary to tell you
in order that my frequent absence
from business might be explained.
You know her friends were averse to
me on account of my religion, so we
decided after the ceremony to keep
it secret for a time, at least. You, I
know, will respect my wishes in the
matter."

"'There was no need to caution
me with regard to secrecy, for I
knew well that when Nathan Lom-
bard learned of the event there would
be a terrible scene, and I did not
care to be the one to prompt it, and
still I felt disloyal to the man whom
I loved, but my dread of his terrible
auger restrained me from informing
him immediately.

"'A little later Nathan seut for
me to come to him, as the business
was getting more than he could han-
dle \>y himself. I went out, but still
refrained from telling him of Mr.
Keister's marriage, my courage not
being equal to the task, and finally
the varied scenes and objects of inter-
est entirely drove the matter from
my mind. The beautiful scenery
was a revelation to me, after my life
between city walls, and then the
wonderful birds aud animals I saw,
and how much I enjoyed it when on
some rare occasion we were both
able to take an afternoon and spend
it together searching for and admir-
ing the beautiful and peculiar forms
which Nature gives to its children in
tropical counties. Nathan was much

STATEMENT OF ADAM MORE.

interested in the insects which we
encountered everywhere, and particu-
larly in the enormous and venomous
spiders, whose bite is always fatal.
A number of particularly fine speci-
mens he secured and managed to
keep them alive in captivity by care-
ful feeding and close attention. Af-
ter a short time the new manager
came out and relieved us and we re-
turned to America. I was sorry to
leave the land where I had been so
happy in the company of my friend
and in leisure hours pursuing my
favorite pastime, but Nathan was
anxious to get back home and I
knew he was thinking of Reuben
Keister's wife.

" ' The voyage was finished at last
and things seemed to settle down
into the same routine which they
had followed in the old days, but I,
who knew him well, saw that Nathan
Lombard was possessed by a spirit of
unrest, a longing for something
which seemed within his reach yet
always eluded him, and I knew this
something was his partner's w 7 ife,
and I knew also that this condition
of affairs could not last for a great
while for the nature of Lombard
could not endure uncertainty!

"'One day I was working in a
tiny room which opened out of the
private office in which Nathan sat at
his desk, busily employed on some
neglected correspondence, when a
clerk from the counting room opened
the office door and ushered in Mar-
jory. I trembled, for something told
me that Nathan would take this op-
portunity to tell her of his regard.
The door stood ajar between the two
rooms, so that I could hear distinctly
every word they uttered and before I
could cross the room and close it they

had already commenced that conver-
sation which I shall never forget.

'""Ah! Mr. Lombard" she ex-
claimed, " I did not know you were
here. I called to speak to Mr. Keis-
ter concerning some books that he
was to purchase for me."

'""lam sorry, Miss Marjory," he
had risen, for I heard him push back
his chair, " my partner has gone
down town but will return very soon.
Won't you be seated ? Do," he con-
tinued, " I have something to say to
you." She took the proffered seat
and he stood before her.

" " ' Miss Halliday ! Marjory ! ' '
he commenced, "can you not see
that which fills my whole soul ! I
love you ! Do not tell me that I am
repugnant to you ! "

"'"Mr. Lombard," she cried,
" tears in her eyes, " you do not real-
ize what you are doing. I can not
listen to such words from you. Be
silent, I beg of you, and let me go ! '

" ' " No," he returned, "you shall
not go until you have explained why
you may not listen to the honorable
proposals of a man who loves
you! "

" "' Oh ! Mr. Lombard," she sobbed,
"Mercy! pity me! I can not listen
neither can I tell you why," and she
covered her face with her hands.
Upon the left hand was a curious ring
which had been worn by Keister,
and had been given to her more be-
cause she admired it than as a wed-
ding token. Nathan's glance fell
upon it and he recognized it instantly.

" ' He gasped, and starting forward
seized the hand.

" ' " By what right do you wear
that ring ? " he hissed.

" ' Then one of the peculiarities of
her temperament showed itself, for,

STATEMENT OF ADAM MORE.

throwing back her head she answered
defiantly,

" ' "By that right which renders it
impossible for me to listen to your
proposals!" and she sank into the
chair again in a perfect storm of sobs
and tears.

" ' The secret was out.
"'A look came into the face of
Nathan Lombard which filled me
with fear ; a look of inexorable
hatred, an expression of such fiend-
ish ferocity as one sees only once in
a lifetime. But he did not say a sin-
gle word. Turning, he walked across
the room and stood by the window
until he had regained his composure,
then he returned to the sobbing
woman still seated in the hard office
chair.

"'"Mrs. Keister," he sneered,
"between you the secret has been
well kept. I wish you much joy
with your husband."

" 'Without a word she rose and
started for the door, but when half-
way to it she hesitated and said tim-
idly, and very pleadingly,

" ' "You will not tell, will you ? "
" 'He gazed intently at her for a
moment before he answered,

" ' " It would be a pity to spoil so
pretty a romance. No, I will not
tell." And I, who knew him, felt
he would keep his word.

" ' She went out, and next day we
heard she had gone on a long visit to
friends in a distant city. Nathan
flung himself into a chair and sat for
a long time with his head clasped be-
tween his hands, his elbows on his
knees. I waited until he left the
office ; then I folded up my work and
went out also. I cannot describe the
feeling which took possession of me
— a vague impalpable premonition of

something terrible, which was about
to happen, but habit was so ingrained
in me that I pursued my routine
duties in my regular way.

" ' Much to my surprise Nathan
came to the office next morning and
was cheery and pleasant through the
entire day, discussing matters of
business with his partner in his usual
manner and showing no sign of re-
sentment towards him, but once or
twice, when he thought himself un-
observed, I caught him fix such a
look of concentrated and malignant
hatred upon Keister as caused my
very heart to chill with horror.

" ' Things went on in this way for
just two weeks, when Mr. Keister,
on coming in one morning, com-
plained of a very bad headache ;
Nathan sympathized with him and
advised him to rest, but Mr. Keister
was a determined man and concluded
to work as long as possible. About
10 o'clock I was obliged to go into
the inner office and surprised Nathan
standing before an old bookcase at
the farther end of the room. I say
surprised, for he turned hastily at
my entrance and thrust some object
which he held into his pocket and
said snappishly to me,

" ' " I do wish, Adam, you would
get over that uncomfortable stealthi-
ness of yours. You make me cringe ! "

" ' I was hurt, but saying nothing
I went about my business. Shortly
after, Mr. Keister returned and con-
tinued to complain of his head.
Nathan, rather to my surprise, was
full of solicitude, and, after sundry
suggestions of remedies, exclaimed
suddenly,

" ' "Why, it's the very idea! I
wonder we did not think of it before.
You shall lie down on the watch-

4 6

STATEMENT OF ADAM MORE.

man's bed and have a good snooze,
and still be close at hand in case of
necessity."

" ' This bed was a curious affair.
It had been picked up at some auc-
tion sale by one of the firm and in-
stalled in the office both on account
of its usefulness and its curiosity as a
piece of antique furniture. It was
built on the trundle bed manner, and
when not in use was pushed under
the old bookcase I have mentioned,
and a folding cover let down, thus
concealing it entirely from view.
The man who stayed at the office
nights used it between his rounds,
and not unfrequently I had known of
Mr. Keister or Nathan sleeping on it
if, perchance, they should unexpect-
edly return to the city late at night
from some business trip.

" ' Mr. Keister demurred at first
but Nathan was kindly insistent, and
turning back the cover shook up the
mattress and finally persuaded him
into lying down. From my desk, in
the little room adjoining, I watched
them. It seemed so strange to me,
for I knew that Nathan must hate
him and still he was so kind that I
could not understand it at all.

" ' Nathan, as he sat in his chair
opposite the bed was in such a posi-
tion that he and his partner were
both plainly within my range of
vision. He had entirely forgotten
my presence. He sat intently watch-
ing the recumbent figure. As Mr.
Keister closed his eyes the face of
Nathan Lombard changed, every fea-
ture was so convulsed by such a
spasm of malignant fury that his
countenance no longer resembled
that of a civilized man. He waited
until Mr. Keister sank into a troubled
sleep, then, rising, he walked to the

fireplace. Looking cautiously about'
he drew some tiny objects from his
vest pocket and threw them into the
fire. Almost immediately tiny flames
leaped from each tiny object, and a
faint but penetrating odor crept
through the room. It was familiar
to me and almost involuntarily I rec-
ognized the thin aromatic perfume of
the Goraka apple's seed. Many
times we had smelled it in the forests
of Ceylon and commented on its fra-
grance, but what could it mean in
that stuffy old office ? Nathan turned,
and my eyes followed him. I was
spellbound. I could not move or
utter a sound. Until this daj r I am
unable to explain the terrible feeling
which held me an unwilling specta-
tor to the scene w 7 hich followed.

"'Nathan stood in a crouching
position, his head forward, his body
rigid, and his gaze fixed intently on
the form of Reuben Keister.

"'Oh, horror! the memory of it
comes back to me as fresh as if it
were but yesterday. There in the
couch with the man I saw, O God !
one of those fearful Cingalese "Jungle
spiders," a scolopendra, which had
been attracted by the peculiar odor
of the burning apple seeds. It was
fully three inches in length ; its pur-
ple body distended with rage ; its
beady protruding eyes fixed with a
baleful glare of impotent fury upon
its reclining victim. I gasped. The
slight sound was enough. With a
movement as nimble and quick as
lightning it struck the bare neck of
the sleeping man again and again
with its venomous fangs. He did
not move, and even as I watched the
sleep into which he had fallen was
turned to the stupor of death. The
slight sound I had made in my hor-

THE CENTURY OPENS AS A FLOWER.

ror and dismay served to attract the
attention of Nathan. He stepped
swiftly into the room until he stood
over me.

" ' " Ah ! you were here, you pry-
ing old wretch. You saw my re-
venge and wait only for an opportun-
ity to deliver me to justice. But my
justice shall intervene ! ' His face
was convulsed. I crouched in my
chair. He grasped a heavy paper
weight which lay upon the table and
raised it in the air, and then — then
he did that which changed my love
to hate, my worship to execration,
my heart to stone. He struck me
again and again — you can see the
terrible scar he made — me, his best
friend !

" ' I could have shielded him from
all else, but that I could not forgive.
The silence I have maintained all
these long and weary years has
been from love and respect for the
kind-hearted old gentleman, who was
once so good to me.

' How many days I lay in un-
consciousness, I cannot tell, but when
I came to myself I was in my own

bed, to which I had been carried by
some of my fellow clerks.

" ' Apoplexy was the cause named
for Mr. Keister's sudden death and
he was, as is too often the case,
quickly and quietly buried.

" ' Nathan lived abroad until his
death, traveling from place to place,
and when he died the papers concern-
ing Keister's property, which always
had remained in the business were
sent to me. I have never examined
them. The very sight of them was a
horror to me. I suppose the certifi-
cate you need must be among them.
They are in that japanned box on
the dressing case. Take them and
leave me now, for J. am tired.'

" So ended the old man's stor}'. I
found the box and in it a bundle of
papers marked Keister. Running
them through I found that of which
we stood so greatly in need. I won
Mrs. Keister's case and thereby
achieved some measure of renown.

"A few days after, when I went
to see Adam More, they told me he
had died the same night that I was
there."

THE CENTURY OPENS AS A FEOWER.

By Adelaide George Bennett '.

The century opens as a flower,
Its slow-maturing fruit shall be

The great inevitable dower
Of an unborn posterity.

Its slow-maturing fruit — ah, me!

Who kens if it be sweet or sour ?
What seer of potent destiny

Can tell within his little hour?

48 IN MEMORY OF THE PORTLAND.

Who kens if it be sweet or sour ?

And yet we cultivate the tree,
While sunbeams shine and storm-clouds lower

And rivers merge into the sea.

And yet we cultivate the tree,

The tree whose branches wide shall shower —
No one knows what — we only see

The century opening as a flower.

IN MEMORY OF THE PORTLAND.

[Lost iii the great storm of November 24-25, 1898.
By Walter Cummizigs Butterworth.

'Twas on a cold November day,
Just past the glad Thanksgiving,

A fair ship sail'd upon the bay
With twice one hundred living.

All day long, a high wind strong
Had held its ceaseless roar ;

All day long, the whitecap's song
Had broke along the shore.

Yet on that grim and fateful night
A ship sail'd o'er the wave,

O'er the dark ocean's trackless flight,
To fill an unknown grave.

There came a tempest on that night,
The waves like mountains rose,

And none return'd to tell their plight,
Not one their sea- grave knows.

»■

'T is long now since an angry ocean

Rang out its heartless chime.
So calm the seas, their gentle motion

Hints nothing of the crime.

Yet somewhere 'neath those rolling waves
That yon shining whitecaps crown,

Lie twice one hundred nameless graves
Where the " Portland Boat " went down.

HER WOMANHOOD'S LESSON.

By Mary Albertine lisle.

jESTLED among the New
Hampshire hills is a lit-
tle factor}- village whose
inhabitants are largely
of pure English stock.
The chief mill-owner himself a man
whose boyhood had been spent in an
English home over the sea, thought
little of American ways of manufac-
ture, and when laborers were scarce
sent over to his native town for the
weavers and finishers. These brought
with them many of their quaint cus-
toms and modes of speech, although
the younger ones became readily
Americanized.

The noon whistle had blown and
out poured the operatives.

" Xo work for the weavers until the
new wheel is set," passed from mouth
to mouth.

In the sweet summer sunshine that
afternoon Martha Haliday walked
across the meadow. The hum of
bees amid the crimson clover filled
the air with the sound of Nature's ac-
tivity.

"Summat's wrong wi' Bess that
she weren't at the mill to-day. I 've
long thought there 'd be more to that
affair wi' Harris. If he 's done harm
to her — " A dark look crossed her
face. Without kith or kin, her lonely
heart had made Bess its idol.

Leaving the meadow she crossed

the highway and entered a neat, new

cottage. There was no appearance

of life about the place. She entered
xsx — i

the kitchen, but that, too, seemed
deserted ; however, guided by a
slight sound, she passed to a recess
formed hy a jutting chimney. There
stretched upon a wide lounge la}'
Bess, her yellow hair rough and tum-
bled, her face buried in the pillow.

"Bess, what's the matter, child?
Art sick?" A low moan was the
on\y reply.

" Bess, 't is Martha ; what ails thee,
dear?"

Bess raised herself and threw her
arms around her friend and hid her
face on the kindly shoulder.

" Is it Harris ? What has he done
to thee ? If he 's harmed thee, lass
— ." Again a dark look rested on
her face boding ill for the one who
injured her darling.

"No, he's as good, as kind as
ever, but oh, Martha, my heart is
breaking!" A dry sob swelled in
her throat.

" And thou canst not tell me ? "

"Aye, Martha, but I will, and
thou shalt tell me what to do. You
don't know, for you weren't here
then, how Harris had always lived
in this little village. We went to
school together, but he went away
and stayed until he had grown into
the grand man he is now wi' his edu-
cation and fine manners. He never
took notice o' me until Tim Murley
brushed against me at the mill gate
and nearly knocked me over. Har-
ris was just coming out fro' his book-

5°

HER WOMANHOOD'S LESSON.

keeping and saw Tim. He laid him
flat and turned and raised his hat to
me. Well, after that I saw him often
on the road or by the gate as I came
from work. 'Twas little more than
this until one 'night he stopped at the
gate and asked me for a rose. Then
he asked if he might come in. He
came often after that.

"One evening he asked me to go
down to the park to hear the band
play. You remember the first time
our boys played, Martha. Well, we
walked about talking o' the music
and how well the boys were doing for
the first time, when somebody passed
us. Before they got out of hearing
we heard them say, ' There 's Harris
and his sweetheart; I hear they're
to marry soon.' Then something
else was said that made Harris turn
white wi' anger, and I started away
from him, hot wi' shame, but he laid
a hand on mine and said, ' Come wi'
me, Bess, for I have summat to tell
thee.'

" I went wi' him until we came to
one of the park benches. He said,
' Sit down here and I will tell thee.'

"He was still for a moment and
then said ; ' Bess, you know of the
years I was away from the village
and I have told you how I struggled
for my education. At last I got a
position at Lowell's and every cent I
got I saved for my bit machine. I 've
told you all this, but not of another
thing. Mr. Lowell's daughter was
most kind to me. She had dark hair
and her eyes were blue, not brown
like thine, but somehow you make
me think of her. A look in your eye
now and then is like hers.'

" My foolish heart, Martha, gave a
throb at this. Then he said, ' She
came often to the office for she aided

her father about the business. One
day they had started with a party for
the mountain climb when a telegram
came for him. I went to the house,
but they had gone, so I followed.
They were near the top when I
caught up with them, and had
broken up into groups. I came
upon Miss Lowell suddenly as she
stopped alone by the chasm where a
river cut deeply in bygone 3'ears.
She started at the sight of me and
swayed on the brink. I sprang and
caught her just in time. As she lay
in my arms a great wave of love came
over me. I kissed her eyes and
mouth. She stirred and whispered
faintly that she was glad to owe her
life to me. Others came up and I
gave her to their care and went away.
It was all so sudden — our loving — as
this sounds. We had met almost
daily. I was not one of them, they
were far above me, but w T hat did I
care. I had her love and was as
happy as a king.

" ' I asked her father for her hand
as a man should, much fearing the
answer would be " No," as it was. I
was spurned for a fortune-hunter. I
could stay there no longer and came
back home. Naught broke in upon
my weary heartache until I first saw
thee. Something even then reminded
me of her. It drew me to you, and
as the days passed and we were to-
gether much, a feeling grew up in
my heart for you like that I had
borne for my lost love. Will you
take that love, Bess? See, I have
not wooed you dishonestly, conceal-
ing a past love. I will be kind and
loving to you, dear.'

" All the time he was talking about
her my heart grew cold and colder
until I thought I was dying ; but

HER WOMANHOOD'S LESSON.

when he said he loved me as he had
her my heart leaped and I felt such a
warmth, Martha !

" You know I 've been out often
for the sewing and getting read}' for
the little house. How cozy it was to
be ! Harris said that one day, may-
hap, we would have a grand house
like the master's and be grand folk
oursels. I only laughed wi' him an'
thought how snug our home would
be. Time was getting short and so
I asked out this morning for the
week. I took some bit of sewing to
finish under the trees at the top of
the hill. I thought I would be alone
but Harris was before. I stopped
just a moment to look at him before
I went back, for I would not have
him think I sought him there. Oh,
why did I stop ? I heard him groan
an' crept nearer to know if he were
hurt. ' O, Zaidie, that we should be
parted again ! My darling, how can
I give thee up?' I heard him cry.
Oh, Martha, he loves her more than
me ! And I heard him say, ' To
think that I might have thee
now.' "

The rapid, almost incoherent re-
cital had been broken by tearless
sobs from an aching throat. Martha's
strong arms had been around the
slight form all the while. At last
she broke the silence that fell.

" Bess, dear, hast seen him since ?"

"No, Martha."

" And when he comes?"

" Martha, I canna, canna bear it."

" What does the heart say is best
for thee and him ?"

" Martha, I canna gi' him up !"

" Dear lass, think of the long years
to come knowing thou wast second in
his love ! ' '

" Martha, thou hurtst so !"

" I know lass, have I not known
heart-break too ?"

" You?"

" Yes I, but no more of that now.
If he comes to-night what '11 there be
to say to him ?"

" Need there be aught said ?"

"Dear Bess, think what is right
and best. If it be right hold
him."

"He will not ask release," came
proudly from the girl's lips. " He is
a man and will not go back on his
word."

"Then on thysel depends the fu-
ture. In days to come couldst thou
always bear wi' him in all things
knowing thou hast' not all his heart?"

A moan was the only answer.

"And when the little children
climb around thy knee they w r ould
love thee, perhaps, but would war in
hate wi' each other because of the
parent's divided love. Bess, darling,
for thy own sake and others think
carefully."

Silence fell in the little kitchen.
The twilight fell and flooded the
room in gloom. Martha stepped
quietly about, brought brush and
comb and smoothed the girl's tum-
bled hair. Bess submitted passively,
while Martha robed her in a pretty
cotton gown.

The moon had just begun to rise,
casting large shadows of the grape-
vine on the piazza floor, when the
click of the gate was heard. Bess
moved mechanically out to the door,
and as Harris advanced up the walk
sank into a chair where her face was
shaded. She greeted him soberly,
then silence intervened, each con-
strained by depth of feeling. At last
he broke the silence.

"Are you sick to-night, Bess?

HER WOMANHOOD'S LESSON.

You are getting too tired with all this
sewing."

"No, I'm not sick, but"— she
stopped, not knowing what to say.

"What is it, Bess?" His voice
was kind but there was a weary note
in it that struck the girl's sensitive
ear.

"I've sumniat to tell thee that's
hard to say," — her voice took on that
tense tone it had held while she had
told her story to Martha.

"Speak, dear lass, you're surely
not afraid of me." He drew nearer
as he spoke but she kept him back
by her manner.

" Harris, don't think ill o' me but
I was on the hill this morning and
you were there, and — "

" You saw her picture with come
written upon it ?"

" Nay, but I heard you cry with all
your heart in the words, ' Zaidie, how
can I give thee up?"

"And what would you say to me
to-night?" His voice was a little
hard. He did not know what to ex-
pect, jealous faultfinding, recrimina-
tion, a burst of anger, anything might
have come from this girl's lips, so
changed was she from the gay crea-
ture of but yesterday.

"Tell me this, Harris, has her
father consented ? Is she ready to
have thee come to her?"

"Yes," he answered desperately.
" My machine is a success and I am
on the road to be a rich man some-
time. Since it is wealth her father
worships she can have her wish, now
when it — " he checked the words.

"Nay, Harris, 'tis not too late.
See, I give thee back to her."

" Bess, dost thou not love me ?"

She leaned forward and he saw the
look of a wounded animal in mortal
pain in her brown eyes.

" Bess, I have hurt thee, and I
meant to be so kind ! Say no more,
I am yours if you will take me."

Bess answered his question.

"Aye, I do love thee Harris, and
how much you can never know. I
love you so much I am sending you
to her. Say to her for me you are
not the worse lover for having given
a little love to a lonely girl like me.
Your heart has always been hers, I
only filled a small empty place. Go
back to her, Harris, wi' my blessing."

A new glory shone in the girl's
dark eyes. It had been hard, but
love had conquered self.

"And you, Bess?"

The glory faded and an unutter-
able weariness settled on her face.

" I have work, Harris, I shall live
out my life as 't was meant."

"Bess, Bess, I '11 never leave thee. r '

" Go, Harris, you must. Now
leave me. I am too tired to-night to
talk longer, but go and be glad in
your love for her."

He rose, bent low over the ex-
tended hand with the homage one
might pay a queen and went. Martha
Haliday had lighted the rooms and
sat waiting her darling's return.

Bess entered as one in a dream.
The lamplight fell upon her white
face and wide eyes. She met Martha's
glance bravely. Martha almost started
at the change. For Bess, girlhood
had gone, womanhood begun. She
had learned woman's first lesson, re-
nunciation.

HARRY BINGHAM AS A SCHOOLMASTER.

By William C. Todd.

^p^^gljHE writer, whose friend-
ship for the Hon. Harry
Bingham dates back to
college days, took a car-
riage drive of several
weeks with him, three years ago,
through parts of New Hampshire
and Vermont. We passed through
his birthplace and other towns asso-
ciated with his earl}- years, and
visited the school district where he
had taught while in college, as was
the custom of students at that time
to earn mone3' for their college ex-
penses.

Old men and old ladies, too, need
not be told of the way district schools
were managed sixty years ago. In
summer they were taught by ladies,
when young children only attended ;
but in winter the grown boys and
girls were pupils as the only means
.of gaining the little education com-
mon to that period. The discipline
was not gentle as now, but the birch
was the great means of encourage-
ment to mental improvement, and
was applied with no distinction of
sex.

As might be expected, grown boys
and girls did not always relish this
method of punishing bad behavior
and bad scholarship, and a battle
often ensued between teacher and
pupils. The teacher, not unfre-
quently, was unequal to his com-
bined scholars, and was dismissed by
them from the schoolhouse, and, as

a result, from the school, in which
course, too often, the parents were
proud of the "smartness" of their
children, and showed no disappro-
bation. Naturally, in selecting a
teacher, regard was had to his physi-
cal qualities to know if he could
manage unruly boys.

In the district where Bingham was
to teach, the pupils had, the winter
before, with no action of the school
committee, dismissed the teacher,
and their performance had encour-
aged them to a repetition, if possible.
Mr. Bingham had been told all this,
and prepared himself. The boys
had given out word that the teacher
would not stay long. He learned
the names of the leaders, and, on a
slight disobedence, gave one of them
as severe a whipping as he dared in-
flict, and then dismissed him saying,
"I do not call this a whipping ; it is
my most gentle punishment. The
next time you will learn what I call
a whipping, and so will the other
boys."

Soon after one of the parents told
Mr. Bingham that the boys had been
asked when they were to have their
contest with the teacher, and the re-
ply was, " We 've gi'n it up — he 's
too much for us."

There was no more trouble.
Teacher and pupils understood each
other. They were the best of friends
and all went well thereafter.

SEPARATION.
Hervey Lucius Woodward.

As the twilight deepens round me,
By my lattice here I stand ;

See the waves go rolling madly
Over miles and miles of sand.

Sad are thoughts which rise within me,
Thinking of a foreign land ;

IyOve, I would that I were with thee
And could press thy loving hand.

There I longed to dwell forever, —
Ever happy, IyOve, with thee ;

Came the tidings, — we must sever, —
Oh, how hard it was for me !

Long in hope and expectation
Have I waited, watched for thee,

While each daily, hourly station
Seemed a century to me.

As I watch the silv'ry brightness
And the shadows speeding on,

See the glory of the fulness
Of the moon upon the lawn,

Think I how my days are moonlight,
How my nights are" shadows grown

Pierced by the steely starlight, —
Happiness I have not known.

HEART.
By Mary H. Wheeler.

Heart, faithful heart, throbbing on in my breast,
Staying no moment, ne'er pausing to rest,
Sending the blood with thy rhythmical beat
Into my head, to my hands, and my feet.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

Dost thou remember, dear heart, dost thou know,
Oue blessed day, in the years long ago,
One word was spoken, 'twas scarcely a sound-
Only a whisper — and how thou didst bound ?

Dost thou remember, O suffering heart,
One wretched day from all others apart
When sorrow came with a burden so chill
Thou at the moment came near standing still ?

Heart, faithful heart, what extremes thou hast known,
Now like a feather, now heavy as stone,
Merrily measuring moments that please,
Beating alarm at approach of disease.

Heart, one we love has been placed in the tomb,
Close in the casket, enshrouded in gloom ;
Never will throb again, nothing can thrill
That precious heart lying cold and so still.

Heart, warm with feeling, there cometh a day
When thou wilt lie in that very same way,
When thou hast ended thy service to me,
Tell me, my own heart, where then shall I be ?

JOSEPH W. HILDRETH.

Joseph Wyman Hi'dreth, long prominently identified with railroad affairs in
this state, died at his home in Manchester, December 2, 1900.

He was a son of Clifton B. and Eliza S. Hildreth, born in Boston, June 3,
1826. He was educated in the Franklin school and Comer's Commercial college
in Boston, and adopted the profession of a civil engineer, removing with his family
to Concord in 1849. He was engaged for some time on the Concord & Claremont
railroad, but in 1852 went west, and was engaged as surveyor and engineer on differ-
ent railroads for five years, returning to Concord in 1857, when he entered the Con-
cord railroad freight house as a clerk, from which position he was promoted to a

56 NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

clerkship in the general office, and later went to Portsmouth as agent of the road,
remaining several years, till he returned to Concord to become general freight
agent and assistant superintendent. About twenty-five years ago he became the
agent of the road at Manchester, and assistant superintendent of the Manchester
& Lawrence, the duties of which positions he faithfully discharged until 189 1, after
the roads had been absorbed in the Boston & Maine system. In later years he
has been engaged in special service in different lines by the Boston & Maine.

Mr. Hildreth had long been prominent in Masonry and Odd Fellowship. His
association with the latter fraternity dates from 1848, when he became a member
of the Suffolk lodge, I. O. O. F., of Boston. One of the pleasant associations in
the life of Mr. Hildreth was the fiftieth anniversary of this event. In 1898 Suffolk
lodge invited him to Boston and held elaborate anniversary exercises in honor of
his becoming a member of the lodge a half century before. At that time there
were but two other members of the lodge who were members when Mr. Hildreth
was admitted. When Rumford lodge of Concord was instituted Mr. Hildreth
transferred his membership to the new organization, being one of its charter mem-
bers. He was also a member of Strawberry encampment of Portsmouth. He
united with Blazing Star lodge, A. F. & A. M., of Concord in 1857, and subse-
quently with Mt. Horeb Commandery, holding all the offices up to that of com-
mander, and was also at one time grand commander of the grand commandery of
the state. For twenty-three years he served as grand treasurer of the grand com-
mandery, the grand council, and the grand chapter.

In politics Mr. Hildreth was a Republican, but never sought official position,
holding only one office, that of representative from his ward in Portsmouth in
1876.

In May, 1858, Mr. Hildreth was married to Miss Sarah Cutler of Nashua, who
died two years ago. He is survived by a daughter, Mrs. George E. French, and
by two brothers, Dr. Charles F. Hildreth of Suncook and Clifton B. Hildreth of
Manchester.

HON. HIRAM D. UPTON.

Hon. Hiram D. Upton, speaker of the New Hampshire house of representa-
tives in 1889, died at his home in Manchester, December 1, 1900.

Mr. Upton was a son of Hon. Peter and Sarah E. Upton, born at East Jaffrey,
May 5, 1859. He fitted for college at Appleton academy, New Ipswich, and at
Kimball Union academy at Meriden, and graduated from Dartmouth in the class
of 1879. He immediately entered upon a business career, becoming a clerk in
the Monadnock National bank at East Jaffrey, of which his father was president,
and the following year, when twenty-one years of age, was made cashier, which
position he held until 1886, meanwhile entering upon extensive financial opera-
tions on his own account, and laying the foundation for what subsequently became
one of the most important investment agencies in the state. He soon became
president of the Northwestern Trust Company, with headquarters at Fargo, North
Dakota, which was emerged in the New Hampshire Trust Company, organized in
1885, of which Mr. Upton was at first the treasurer and subsequently president,
continuing until the collapse of the organization during the depression of 1893, at

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY. 57

which time its assets were quoted at over $6,000,000, giving some idea of the
magnitude of its operations.

Having removed to Manchester, where the headquarters of the New Hampshire
Trust Company were established, Mr. Upton also engaged extensively in real
estate operations in that city. He built the Monadnock block, the largest in the
city at that time, and subsequently, acting for the trust company, erected The
Kennardj the finest business block ever built in the state.

He took an active interest in politics as a Republican, and was elected to the
legislature from ward four, and chosen speaker of the house in 1889, being one
of the youngest men ever called to that position. He also presided over the
Republican State Convention in 1893.

Mr. Upton was a prominent Free Mason, and a member of Trinity Com-
mandery, K. T., of Manchester. He married Miss Annie Perkins in 1879, who
survives him with several children.

LEWIS C. PATTEE.

Lewis C. Pattee, born in Canaan, November 24, 1832, died at Winchester,
Mass., November 29, 1900.

Mr. Pattee was the son of Daniel, Jr., and Judith (Burley) Pattee, and a grand-
son of Capt. Asa Pattee, one of the first settlers of that town who removed there
from Warner. He received a good English education, and upon attaining man-
hood engaged in the lumber business in Canaan and Enfield, subsequently remov-
ing his residence to Lebanon.

Aside from his extensive lumber business in Canaan and Enfield, he was for
many years associated with the late Ira Whitcher in the lumber business in
Woodsville, under the firm name of the Woodsville Lumber Company, and was
also interested in the extensive lumber operations of the firm of Pattee & Perley at
Ottawa, Canada, of which his brother, Gordon B. Pattee, was senior partner. He
was for years a member of the Pattee Plow Company at Monmouth, 111., which is
extensively engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements. He had in
recent years spent several winters at Riverside, in Southern California, where he
was interested in orange culture. Some years since he engaged in railroad invest-
ments, and was a director of the Concord & Montreal railroad and a large owner
of its stock.

Mr. Pattee was a Democrat in politics and took much interest in the cause of
his party and in public affairs, and while residing in Lebanon he served six years
as one of the commissioners of Grafton county, and was twice elected sheriff,
filling the office with dignity and ability.

Upon his removal to Winchester, Mass., about a dozen years ago, he actively
identified himself with the interests of that delightful suburban town, in which he
owned and occupied an elegant estate on Church street. He was president of the
Cooperative bank, a trustee of the Savings bank, and a liberal supporter of the
Unitarian church, whose fine stone edifice was erected by a commitiee of which he
was chairman. For the last four years, though a staunch Democrat he had
served on the board of selectmen of his overwhelmingly Republican town, for the
past three years being chairman of the board.

5S NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

Mr. Pattee married, in 1858, Miss Rebecca Perley of Enfield, by whom he had
six children, only two surviving, a daughter and one son, Frederick L. Pattee, who
is actively engaged in the lumber business.

GEORGE P. TITCOMB, M. D.

Dr. George P. Titcomb, a well-known physician of Salisbury, died at his home
in that town, December 3, 1900.

He was a son of Jeremiah and Rebecca (Pittsbury) Titcomb, born in that part
of Salisbury which is now Webster, September 8, 1843. After receiving a good
academic education he studied medicine in Concord and at Philadelphia, and
commenced practice in the town of Danbury where he was located when the War
of the Rebellion broke out. He enlisted in the Fifth New Hampshire regiment,
and was subsequently placed in charge of an army hospital. Retiring from the
war he resumed practice at Danbury, but removed to Salisbury in 1868, and was
ever after there engaged in practice, establishing an excellent reputation.

He married, upon his return from the army, Clara J. Parsons of Salisbury, by
whom he is survived with two sons, William N., of Concord, and Fred P., of
Northampton, Mass. He was a member of Meriden lodge, A. F. & A. M., and
a charter member of Bartlett Grange.

OUINCY A. GIEMORE.

Quincy Adams Gilmore, born in Newport, March 1, 1825, died at Passadena,
Cal., December 13, 1900.

Mr. Gilmore was a son of the late Hon. Thomas W. Gilmore of Newport. He
fitted for college at the Kimball Union academy, Meriden, and graduated at
Dartmouth with the class of 1845. He devoted himself to teaching for four years
at Haverhill, Mass., and four years in Boston, after which he studied law and
subsequently removed to Iowa, where he engaged extensively in real estate busi-
ness and gained a competency therein, removing to California some years ago,
where he thereafter resided.

January 8, 1859, Mr. Gilmore was united in marriage with Ann M., daughter
of the late Jonathan M. Wentworth of Newport, who died some two years ago,
leaving two sons and two daughters.

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Vol. xxx.

FEBRUARY, 1901.

No. 2.

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY: ITS HISTORY AND INFLUENCE.

By .1. Chester Clark.

HfVENTS can never ocenr

independently one of an-
other. None of the man-
ifold influences of his-
tory can be generated
alone, can run its course, or cease to
exist without blending into a com-
mon force. Thus it is no easy task
to place upon any act its own proper
estimate, much less to arrange all in
exact relationship.

The Social Fraternity, a literary
and fraternal organization destined
to shed a halo of beneficent rays up-
on all who have come under its com-
manding power, grew out of circum-
stances and events connected with
the conduct of men who " builded
better than they knew." Ever broad-
ening in its sphere of influence and
increasing in its efficiency, it has
now seen nearly three quarters of a
century of history. Should its exist-
ence as an organized body ever come
to an end — an event of which there
is not at present, certainly, any
indication, — its impress would re-
main on human lives for generations
yet to come, as witness to its noble
career.

As the first quarter of the nine-
teenth century was about to close,
the citizens of New Hampton, awak-
ening to the call for a higher and
more liberal training than the aver-
age country lad of that day seems to
have enjoyed, determined to estab-
lish an academy in their midst. A
charter was obtained, a preceptor em-
ployed, and the New Hampton Acad-
emy modestly began its existence in
a plain wooden building of twenty-
four by thirty-two feet. Five years
later the Baptist denomination of the
state assumed control of the school
and added a theological department.
The growth of the institution was
now phenomenal. Young men from
other states as well as from the im-
mediate vicinity flocked to the new
seat of learning.

The school soon divided itself so-
cially into two classes. The richer
lads, coming mainly from the cities-
many from Boston — constituted one
of these. Country lads, who spent a
large part of their time in. farm labor,
being scarcely able to spend one
term during the whole year at the
academy, made up the other.

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

Hon John Wentworth.
I ' v of the Founders of the Social Fraternity.

A student society — " The Literary
Adelphi " — was organized in 1827.
At first it was successfully con-
ducted, all having an equal oppor-
tunity for development in forensic
combat, dissertation, and declamation.
But this society soon drifted into the
hands of the more aristocratic class
until a large proportion of the stu-
dent body had none of the advan-
tages to be derived from membership
in such an organization. A future
member of congress, a college presi-
dent to be, and many others destined
to win fame and fortune for them-
selves and their alma mater, were
among the number thus deprived.

As a protest against this class dis-
tinction, several of the leading non-
society men organized a temporary
debating club, "The Social Frater-
nity," fated to exert an influence
second to no society of its kind in
New England.

Such in general are the facts lead-
ing to the organization of this so-
ciety. The time of organization as
well as many of the details attending
it are, however, a subject of much
dispute.

Two very dissimilar opinions have
arisen in this connection. The sup-
porters of one view claim that the
society was organized perhaps as
early as 1826, certainly not later than
1829, by a trio of men who came to
New Hampton from a private school
in Newmarket. These men were
John H. Winkley of Barrington,
George \V. Towle of Epping, after-
wards colonel of the Sixth New
Hampshire Volunteers in the War
of the Rebellion, and George Nealey
of Northwood. The other class place
the date more definitely. They de-
clare it to have been in the winter
of 1830, and, while giving much
credit to the three gentlemen men-

!3fl tf^

Col. George W. Towle.
(h/e of the Founders of the Social Fraternity.

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

tioned above, Jonathan G. Dickinson,
who afterwards became judge of the
Maine supreme court, and others,
they are inclined to award the
greater credit to John Went worth,
the distinguished congressman, in
later days, from Illinois.

The former opinion is championed
by Principal Frank W. Preston,
A. M., of New Hampton Literary
Institution, in an interview published
in the Hamptonia for the spring of
1899. From this we give the follow-
ing extract :

"Several years ago while searching the rec-
ords of The Fraternity I discovered the name
of John H. Winkley, of Barrington, N. H.,
among the earliest members of the society.
Mr. Winkley was a fellow-townsman of mine
and a very old man. I afterwards called at his
home in Barrington and asked him something
concerning the early history of the society.
Mr. Winkley told me he was instrumental in
forming the Social Fraternity. He said that
he with George W. Towle and George Nealey
in the winter of 1825 (?) attended a private
school in Newmarket. While there these three
with others formed a debating club and called
it The Social Fraternity. In the following
winter these three young men came to New
Hampton. Although prominent members of
the school they were not invited to become
members of the Literary Adelphi, then the only
literary society. The matter of forming another
society was talked up and finally Mr. Winkley
drew up a constitution, based upon that of the
Newmarket debating club, which he presented
to Principal Farnsworth with the project of
forming a new society. Mr. Farnsworth per-
mitted a temporary organization to be per-
fected, largely as an experiment, and meetings
were held in the chapel hall. John Went-
worth was a member of the society, but being
much younger than some of the others, took a
less prominent part in its affairs. The experi-
ment was a success, and a permanent organiza-
tion was perfected the following winter, 1S26
or 1S27. Mr. Winkley showed me what he
said was the original draft of the constitution
written by himself and submitted to Mr. Farns-
worth for approval."

The preponderance of evidence,
however, points to 1830 as the true
date, rather than to either of those

mentioned above. A letter in the
possession of the writer from Rev.
Oren B. Cheue} 7 , D. D., the venera-
ble founder and ex-president of Bates
college, states that he has no knowl-
edge of the existence of the Social
Fraternity when he was at New
Hampton in 1829, although he found

Hon. Robert Burns.
First President.

it in a nourishing condition when he
became a member upon his return a
few years later. The centennial cat-
alogue of Phillips Exeter academy
shows that the three gentlemen to
whom the credit of organization is
given in the above interview could
not have been at Newmarket in 1S25
as one of the number, George W.
Towle, was registered as a student in
Exeter at that time. In the cata-
logues of the New Hampton Aca-
demical and Theological institution
for 1826 and 1827, original copies of
which are before me, there is 110
mention of anv of the three. An

HIE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

original copy of the catalogue for
1828 is not at hand, but a reprint of
this again reveals their absence as
does also the original catalogue for
1829. All three names, however,
appear in the catalogue for 1830, the
only one in which all are found,
showing conclusively that if, as every

Tne Emblem of the Social Frate'nity.

one admits them to have been, they
were at all instrumental in forming
the Social Fraternity it was in that
year. Programmes of the anniver-
sary exercises of 1828, 1829, and 1830
are also before me. In the first two
no address before the Fraternity is
mentioned. At the anniversary of
the latter year the first address to
this organization was delivered by
Charles W. Emmons. It would seem
that a society meeting with the phe-
nomenal success which all agree at-
tended the early days of the So-
cial Fraternity would have received
such a recognition even in the first
two years mentioned, had it been

in existence. Thus it appears that
the actual date of organization was
1830.

The events of which we speak clus-
ter around a house of ancient date
still standing at the "Old Institu-
tion" near the early site of the first
academy building. In those days it
was occupied by Lewis Burleigh who
conducted it as a boarding house
for students. Its present tenant is
Henry Durant. Here John Went-
worth roomed when the society was
organized, and in an upstairs apart-
ment he drew up the original peti-
tion to Principal Benjamin F. Farns-
worth praying for his permission to
form another society. Here, too,
roomed Winkley, Towle, and Nealey;
and here Winkley wrote the original
constitution of the society. Having
obtained the sanction of Principal
Farnsworth, a temporary organiza-
tion was perfected. Robert Burns,
of Rumney, became the first presi-
dent, and the society remained in
this temporary condition during the
winter.

The new organization flourished.
L,ed by some of the ablest men who
have received their academical train-
ing at New Hampton it could not do
otherwise. Wishing to perpetuate
their work so that others could reap
a benefit from it, a committee was
appointed to draft a constitution and
by-laws for its permanent existence.
This committee reported August 13,
1 83 1, and their recommendations were
immediately adopted. This constitu-
tion makes known the reason for the
existence of the society in the fol-
lowing preamble :

Universal intelligence is highly important,
both with a view to the advancement of morals
and the extension of the equal rights of man.

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

It may be said to be the life and soul of its
possessor, and the great source upon which
individual and national happiness depends.
It is, therefore, the duty and should be the aim
of every person to use his utmost endeavors,
rapidly to accelerate its extension. It is abun-
dant^- evident that the establishment of lit-
erary societies has a very important tendency
to promote this noble object. By these socie-
ties the perceptive powers are disciplined and
invigorated, a correct taste is produced, a more
ardent and general thirst for knowledge is ex-
cited, literary and scientific attainments are
increased, an improvement of communication
is facilitated and a way is prepared for future
usefulness both in public and private life. We,
therefore, being deeply impressed with the im-
portance of these considerations, and wishing
cheerfully to engage in their accomplishment,
do hereby form ourselves into a society for that
laudable purpose.

The society was now organized
under the new constitution by the
election of the following officers :
President, George A. Read; vice-
president, Stephen L,. Magoon ; sec-
retary, Mathew S. Maloney ; treas-
urer, Joseph B. Williams ; monitor,
George W. Lord ; critics, Rodolpho

/***

Rev. Stephen Gano Abbott.
Oiw of tin- Three Original Corporators.

Rev. Amos Webster.
One of the Three Original Corporators.

Parker, Moses D. Flint, and William
Butterfield. That the flower of the
youth then gathered at New Hampton
was now arrayed under the shield, the
emblem of the new society, is shown
from this list of officers. Vice-presi-
dent and monitor afterwards became
distinguished lawyers. William But-
terfield, one of the critics, was later
secretary of state for New Hamp-
shire, and for many years editor of the
Patriot of Concord, while Mathew S.
Maloney, the secretary, was later a
millionaire merchant of New York
city.

The society was now fully and per-
manently established, but in order to
exercise corporate powers it reorgan-
ized August 6, 1S33, according to
the laws of the state. This act was
recorded by James Simpson, town
clerk, in the books of the town of
New Hampton. The record is as
follows :

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

Judge Stephen Gordon Nash.
Donator of the Gordon-Nash Library.

State of New Hampshire,
Strafford ss.

New Hampton, August 6th, 1833.
In pursuance of an act passed July 1st, 1831,
authorizing persons to assume and exercise cor-
porate powers, in certain cases; We, Benjamin
Brierly, Isaac N. Hobart, Moses Flint, Daniel
Mattison, Simmons S. Stevens, Joshua Currier,
Josiah Gates, Prentice Cheney, A. R. Hinkley,
have this day formed ourselves into a society,
by the name of the Social Fraternity in the
town of New Hampton aforesaid, for the pur-
poses of governing, managing, and conducting
a library and Reading Room, and for other
literary purposes.

New Hampton, August 6, 1833.
A true copy of record.

Attest, Joshua Currier, clerk.

This organization, as far as the
writer knows, continued until 1847.
In that year the legislature of New
Hampshire granted to Amos Web-
ster, Cyrus T. Tucker, and S. Gano
Abbott, together with all the exist-
ing members of the society and all
who should thereafter become mem-
bers, a charter which created them
into a corporation by the name of

the Social Fraternity, and gave them
power to hold books, furniture, ap-
paratus, money and other property to
the amount of five thousand dollars.
Another act in relation to the society,
passed by the legislature and ap-
proved by Governor Ralph Metcalf,
July 9, 1856, will be spoken of in
another connection.

The library of the society has been
one of the channels through which
it has done its most efficient work.
Scarcely had a permanent organiza-
tion been perfected when, September
30, 1 83 1, a committee consisting of
Messrs. Flint, Wright, Burns, Went-
worth, and Blaisdell were appointed
"to consult on the expediency of
establishing a library." This com-
mittee seems to have assumed that
its duties extended even to the ac-
complishment of this undertaking,
for, Nov. 11, six weeks later, the
following record appears :

The committee appointed to advise means
respecting the establishment of a library re-
ported that they had attended to their duty and
had procured books to something more than
the amount of their funds, and that they would
prepare a constitution for the government of
the same which should be presented at the
next meeting of the society.

The zeal with which the society
now prosecuted this work is shown

A Corner in the Social Fraternity Reception Room.

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

from the fact that September 26,
1832, scarcely ten months from the
date of its inception, the new library
contained one hundred and ninety-
two volumes, valued at about one
hundred and fifty dollars. This suc-
cess warranted the addition of a
reading-room the following June. It,
too, was successful ; and the report
of the librarian, presented October 4,
stated that there were then accessi-
ble to the members of the society
and all others who would pay a small
fee, "nineteen regular papers, four
reviews, six pamphlets, and thirteen
scattering papers " — certainly a lib-

Randall Hall.

eral supply for those days when mod-
ern journalism had scarcely begun
its career. No effort was spared in
the equipment of either reading-room
or library. A friendly but strenu-
ous rivalry with its brother society
•spurred the Fraternity on in its
laudable endeavors. Oftentimes the
citizens of the town as well as other
interested persons assisted in the en-
terprise. One lengthy report of im-
portant repairs made on the reading-
room has come down to us. It shows
expenditures of nearly one hundred
and twenty dollars on the room in
Randall Hall now used as the Social
Fraternity reception room. The li-

No. I Chapel Hall.

brary now firmly established in the
hearts of many soon became the
pride not only of the community but
of the friends of education wherever
it was known. ,But it was destined
soon to become the object of one of
the fiercest contentions that ever took
place in the usually peaceful village
of New Hampton, as will presently
appear.

The New Hampton Academical
and Theological Institution was well
patronized, but the cash receipts were
not sufficient to meet the expendi-
tures. The school had hardly any
endowment and it was feared its
doors must be closed. In the midst
of these difficulties inducements were
offered for its removal to Fairfax,
Vermont. The future of New Hamp-
ton as an educational center hung
in the balance. The Anniversary
of 1S52 came. As the exercises of
that day drew to a close Principal
Eli B. Smith arose and announced
that when New r Hampton Institution
should again open its doors to the
public it would be at Fairfax, Ver-
mont.

Those favoring this removal now
attempted to get possession of the
libraries of the three literary socie-
ties : The Social Fraternity.. The Lit-

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

erary Adelphi, and The Germanae.
Others wished to keep the books at
New Hampton. The libraries would
certainly have been taken away be-
fore the scheme could have been
thwarted had it not been for the
timely interference of Captain John
M. Flanders, a citizen of the village.

Judge Jonathan G. Dickinson.
Justice Maine Supreme Court.

He had seen their growth from the
start and knew something of the self-
denial required in building up these
valuable collections of books. He
held a small bill against the Adelphi,
and succeeded in finding an out-
standing account against the Frater-
nity which he purchased. A writ of
attachment was then hastily made
out against each society. Armed
with these documents Captain Flan-
ders, with the local sheriff, went to
the society rooms at the " Old Insti-
tution," served the papers, boxed up
the books and soon after had them

securely located in a room at the vil-
lage with a keeper over them.

Meanwhile a call had gone forth
for a meeting of all the members of
the Fraternity. Through the influ-
ence of the late Augustus Burpee,
free railroad transportation had been
obtained. The citizens of the town
offered free entertainment to all who
would attend the meeting. January
i, 1853, the society convened to de-
cide the question as to the future
location of its library. Many mem-
bers were present from other states.
The "contest was a spirited one. Hon.
George G. Fogg, of Concord, later a
United States senator, seems to have
been the leader among those who op-
posed the change. He offered and
championed the following resolution :

Resolved, That it is expedient for the Social
Fraternity to remain under its present organ-
ization and at its present location, and to accept
the proposition of the citizens of New Hamp-
ton in their circular of the sixth of January,
instant, signed by Hon. H. Y. Simpson and
others.

The vote was finally taken and
four fifths of the assembly favored
the resolution. It was a great vic-
tory for New Hampton, as well as
for the Free Baptist denomination
which was then attempting to estab-
lish an academy in place of the one
just removed. Although the librae
survived these difficulties, the read-
ing-room was not afterwards con-
tinued. The books of the Adelphi
were also saved to the town, but all
the property of the Germanae was
taken to Fairfax. As a safeguard
against similar difficulties in the fu-
ture, the legislature was soon after-
wards petitioned to amend the Fra-
ternity charter. This was done and
now a provision of the act of incor-
poration provides, "That the said

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

Social Fraternity shall be forever lo-
cated at New Hampton."

The next episode in the history of
the library itself occurred in 1896. At
the anniversary exercises of that year
the Gordon-Nash library was dedi-
cated. Hon. Stephen Gordon Nasi),
judge of the superior court of Suffolk
county, Massachusetts, was one of
the most devoted members of the
the Social Fraternity. Born in New
Hampton he was one of the earliest
and most faithful supporters of the
society, not only in the work of build-
ing up a library but in all other
respects. Now he had, by a pro-
vision in his will involving about
fifty thousand dollars for a building
and the support of a library in his
native town, furnished this lasting
memorial of his benevolence. To-
gether with this came his well-
selected library of over six thousand
volumes.

This munificent gift was to be for

Hon. George E. Smith.
President Massachusetts State Senate.

Hon. Daniel S. Cnase.
Ex-Mayor of Haverhill, Mass.

the use of "residents, students, and
sojourners." A clause provided for
the setting apart of special alcoves in
this building for the use of his old
society. With characteristic broad-
mindedness he extended a similar
privilege both to the Adelphi and
to the Germauce. After due delib-
eration each of the three societies
decided to accept the proposition.

Accordingly the books of the Fra-
lernity, numbering 1,741 volumes, are
now safely installed in this new and
elegant fire-proof structure — the pride
of both school and town. Under the
same roof are the libraries of the Lit-
erary Adelphi and of the Germanae
and the private library of Judge
Stephen Gordon Nash, — containing
1,645, 845, and 6,455 volumes respec-
tively. Thus the total number of
books available is 11,006. In con-
nection with the library there is also
furnished, through the generosity of

7 o

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

the donor, a reading-room supplied
with a large number of the choicest
periodicals of the day. This mag-
nificent gift comes to the community
largely through Judge Nash's mem-
bership and interest in the Social
Fraternit) r ; for, although the love of
books must have been innate with
him, this love was awakened and

Declamations — Pitman, Robinson, Mason,
Bachelor, Tandy, Gates, Sewell, French,
L,erned, Rowell, Brett, Sargent, Fisk, ist,
Fisk, 2d, Taylor, ist, Taylor, 2d, Ford, Sum-
ner, Bradford, Folsom, Tilton, ist, Coburn,
Murphy, Nash, Smith, Rodliff.

Dissertations — Sherman, 2d, Mattison, Hana-
ford, Allen, Pettingill, I.obdell, Brown, Chap-
man, 2d, Gordon, Hale, Phillips, Gilman, Bart-
lett, Cole.

Written Debate — " Do the exigences of the
country demand an increase of the army

Albert P. Worthen, Esq.
Attorney-at-Law, Boston, Mass.

Prof. Charles L. Sawyer, A. M.
.1 Tin neapo lis , Miu 11 .

nurtured, no doubt, by his connection
with the society during those early
efforts to build up and maintain a
library of its own.

But the zeal with which the early
members prosecuted the work of their
society is shown not only in the
growth and development of a library
but in the literary exercises pre-
sented at their meetings. All seem
to have participated at each gather-
ing. We give a programme which
occurred at the regular meeting,
October 13, 1836 :

and navy?" Affirmative, Ruggles. Negative,
Rowe.

Extemporaneous Debate — " Ought the repre-
sentative to be bound by the will of his con-
stituents?" Affirmative, Bean and Kenney.
Negative, Storer and Chapman, ist.

It would seem improbable that
twenty-six declamations, fourteen dis-
sertations and two debates should
have been presented at one session,
yet many such programmes are re-
corded. Declamations, dissertations,
a written and an extemporaneous de-
bate, as above, continued to consti-
tute the regular order of exercises for

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

a number of years. The first change
of note came at about the year 1840.
A paper was introduced. It was
called the Pactolus, after the mytho-
logical river in whose waters Midas,
doomed to have all he should touch
turn to gold, bathed, and turned its
sands into golden grains. An editor
was appointed who received contribu-
tions from others and read the same
with his own productions before the
society. In the early days these
papers seem to have run in serious
veins, but they have since come to
be almost entirely humorous. The
regular programme for the weekly
meetings, now held in No. 1, Chapel
Hall, consists of three declamations,
three essays, the Pactolus, and an
extemporaneous debate.

Occasional Public Meetings have
been held even from the very incep-
tion of the societ)'. At first the exer-
cises were similar to those presented
on other occasions. As the years
have gone by the Public Meeting has
grown to far more imposing propor-
tions. This has come chiefly through
the addition of a drama. Now these
occasions which occur once each year
are looked forward to by man}'- who
are willing to make long journeys to
witness them. Some come even from
out of the state to renew their alleg-
iance to their old society.

Another custom in vogue from the
earliest days has been to elect a
member each year to deliver an ad-
dress to the society at the anniver-
sary exercises. This has been the
crowning honor sought by " Praters''
for many years. It has sometimes
been awarded for marked oratorical
ability but perhaps more of the time
for special services rendered the so-
ciety. The list of those who have

attained to this honor contains a num-
ber of men who have since become
prominent in their respective call-
ings. The list is as follows :

1830. Charles W. Emmons, Boston, Mass.

1 S 3 1 . Jonathan G. Dickinson, New Chester

(now Hill), N. H.
[832. George A. Read, Attleboro, Mass.
1833. Henry M. Nichols, Enfield, N. II.
[834. Stephen L. Magoon, New Hampton, X. II.

835-
S36.

837-
838.

839-

S40.

841.

84 2.

843-
844-
849.

850.
851.
852.

853-

854.
855.
856,

Clarence B. Burleigh.
Editor Kennebec Journal, Augusta, .!/<-.

No record.

William G. Mickell, New York, N. V.

John J. Rowell, Andover, N. H.

Benjamin Cole, Orford, X. H.

X r o record.

Gilbert Robbins, Keene, X. II.

William W. Kaime, Xew Brunswick, N. J.

John I-. \V. Tilton, Lowell, Mass.

Phineas Stowe, Boston, Mass.

1S48. Records lost.

George D. Henderson. Portsmouth, X. II.

Elbridge Gale, Bennington, Vt.

William L. Picknell, North Fairfax, Vt.

Sylvester W. Marston, Medway, Mass.

Xo graduating exercises.

Henry F. Woodman, Xew I lampton, VII.

No record.

Ancil N. True, Moultonborough, X. II.

7 2

O MEMORY, HOW BRIGHT 1HY DREAMS.

1S57. Ami R. Dennison, Phillips, Me.

1857. Henry P. Lamprey, Concord, N. H.

1858. John M. Pease, Dakota. Mich.

1859. John T. Storer, Lawrence, Mass.
i860. James U. Davis, Lowell, Mass.
1861. No record.

1S62. John E. Dame, Farmington, N. H.

1863. No record.

1S64. Charles D. Thyng, New Hampton, N. H.

1865. Warren L. Noyes, No. Tunbridge, Vt.

r866. No record.

1S67. Jonathan Smith, Peterborough, N. II.

[868. Samuel Piper, Holderness, N. H.

1569. George E. Smith, New Hampton, N. H.

1570. Joseph L. Caverley, Barrington, N. H.
187 1. Horace F.Giles, Sanbornton, N. H.
1S72. burton Minard, North Queens, N. S.

1873. Jacob S. Neal, Barrington, N. H.

1874. Eugene A. Ordway, Meredith, N. H.

1875. William Cummings, New Bedford, Mass.
1S76. Charles G. Emmons, Bristol, N. H.
1877. Frank W. Preston, Barrington, N. H.
187S. Willis D. Shaw, Manchester, N. II.
1879. Josiah H. Quincy, Kumney, N. II.
1SS0. Daniel S. Chase, Meredith, N. H.

1881. Albert P. Worthen, Bristol, N. II.

1882. Charles L. Sawyer, Wadley's Falls, N. H.

1883. Clarence B. Burleigh, Augusta, Me.

1884. Everett A. Pugsley, Rochester, N. H.

1885. George W. Brown, Water Village, N. II.

1886. Nelson G. Howard, Strafford, N. H.
1S87. Fred S. Libbey, Wolfeborough, N. H.
[888. Herbert L. Buzzell, Plymouth, N. EL
[889. Samuel F. Worthen, Bristol, N. H.
1890. Frank Pearson, Madison, N. II.

1891. John Potter, Griswold, Conn.

1892. Amos 0. Benfield, Fremont, N. II.

1893. Herbert M. Thyng, New Hampton, N. II.

1894. John W. Butcher, Dallas, Texas.

1895. James D. Child, New Hampton, N. H.

1896. Charles H. Hawkins, Meredith, N. II.

1897. Warren R. Brown, Centre Harbor, N. H.

1898. Henry E. Stickney, Campton, N. H.

1899. John A. David, Chelsea, Mass.

1900. Daniel R. Chase, Orford, N. H.

Thus far we have been a'ble to
give only the merest outline of the
most important events in the growth
of the society. Its phase of greatest
moment — its outward influence — has
been alluded to but slightly. Nor is
it possible to fully estimate the value
of all the varied and subtle powers
traceable to it through the lives of
its nearly three thousand members.
There is not a profession which has
not been replenished from its ranks.
In every state and in foreign lands ;
in the halls of congress, at the bar,
on the bench, and in great colleges,
in great movements like the War of
the Rebellion and in those less pre-
tentious it has played its part. What
this part has been will be the theme
for a succeeding article.

[To be concluded^

O MEMORY, HOW BRIGHT THY DREAMS.
By Alice D. O. Greenwood.

Within the antique low-ceiled room,

While flickering shadows come and go,
He sits and dreams amid the gloom,

Of scenes and friends of long ago.
And far away adown the years,

Forgetting all their grief and pain,
The golden dawn of life appears,

And he relives his youth again.

O MEMORY, HOW BRIGHT THY DREAMS.

Sees faces that have long been hid,

'Neath Summer's bloom, and Winter's snow,
Hands crossed beneath the coffin lid,

Clasp his in warmth as long ago.
Again he holds in fond embrace,

A being young and wondrous fair,
The sunlight on her upturned face,

There is no grave dust in her hair.

O Memory ! how sweet thy dreams,

How fair the pictures that ye paint,
Round each familiar face there gleams

The golden halo of the saint.
And o'er the homestead gray and old,

By some mysterious spell of thine,
There drift no clouds, thy sky is gold,

Thy rude hearthstone a hallowed shrine.

THE MAKING OF A BUTTERFLY

By Clarence Moores Weed.

To the Greeks of old as to the mod-
erns of to-day and the enlightened
people of all the intervening- ages,
the making of a butterfly has always
been one of the most wonderful things
in this wonderful world. The secret
by which an unattractive slug-like
caterpillar is, in the course of two
brief weeks, transformed into the
most ethereal of the children of the
air, on whose translucent membranes
Nature has delighted to paint such
delicate and beautiful colors, seems
likely ever to remain a mystery of
mysteries. Were we able to under-
stand it " all in all," then should we
get at the secret of creation just as
surely as would Tennyson had he
known in its completeness that fa-
mous flower in the crannied wall.

In its external features the life of a

butterfly is sufficiently familiar to
many people. It starts with an egg
laid by the mother insect upon the
leaf of an appropriate food-plant.
The egg shortly hatches into a tiny
caterpillar that begins this second
stage in the making of the butterfly
as an elongate larva, strange in form
and void of any resemblance to the
parent from which so shortly before
it came. The larva feeds and grows.

Fig. I . Monarch Butterfly.

Fig, 2. The Caterpillar of the Monarch Butterfly.

In a few days its skin is stretched on
account of the increase in size, for
with insects and related creatures the
skin is not continually increased from
growth within itself. Instead of this
a new skin is formed beneath the old
one, and the latter is sloughed off
much — much as a snake from time to
time casts its scaly covering.

In this moulting process the skin
upon the head splits apart along the
middle line of the upper surface, and
the break is continued straight back-
ward through several of the body
rings. By various more or less vio-
lent movements, the caterpillar man-

THIi MAKING OF A BUTTERFLY.

ages to withdraw its head from the
old covering, and then to escape en-
tirely, leaving the cast skin — an exu-
vium, the naturalists call it — at one
side. In the case of many species,
the caterpillar, after resting awhile
for parts of its new covering to har-
den, calmly eats its exuvium, pre-
sumably that the presence of the lat-
ter may not be a sign to some bird or

Fig. 3. The Caterpillar hung up for Pupation.

other enemy that a caterpillar is in
the neighborhood.

The larva is now much larger than
it was before. After recovering from
the stress of moulting, it again be-
gins to devour the food plant, feeding
more ravenously than formerly, and
continuing to eat, with intervals of
rest for about a week. Then it has
so increased in size that another
moult is necessary, and this is gone
through with in the same way as be-
fore. During the next three or four
weeks the operation is repeated twice
or thrice, making a total of four or
five moults during the period from
the egg to the full grown caterpillar.

After the last of these larval moults,

xxs — 6

Fig. 4. The Transition Stage between Larva and Chrysalis.

the caterpillar feeds for a week or ten
days. Then apparently the prodi-
gious appetite it has shown through-
out its life becomes satisfied, for the
insect becomes restless and wanders
about. It is searching for some sort
of shelter where it may spend the
quiet pupal period, when it shall be
utterly helpless to escape the attack
of its many enemies. Having found
a sheltered corner of a fence or some
similar situation, it proceeds to spin
a silken web upon the underside of
the chosen board, in which a little
later it entangles its hind feet and
hangs dowmward preparatory to be-
coming a chrysalis.

The bare outline that I have thus
given would apply to many species of
butterflies. Among others it fits the
beautiful Monarch butterfly, so fa-
miliar to everyone who goes afield
from midsummer until autumn. The
eggs of this regal insect are deposited
on the leaves of milkweed, upon the
substance of which the resulting cat-
erpillars feed from the time of hatch-
ing until they become full-grown.

The full-grown caterpillar of the
Monarch butterfly is a good-sized

7 6

THE MAKING OF A BUTTERFLY.

Fig. 5 The Chrysaiis.

black and white insect about two
inches long, and of the general ap-
pearance shown in Fig. 2.

It spins, sometimes on the surface
of the milkweed leaf, sometimes else-
where, a little mat of silk, in which
it entangles the hooked claws of its
hind feet. Then it lets go with its
fore feet, and hangs downward with
the front end of its body curled up-
ward as in Fig. 3. In this position
it remains for some hours, perhaps
a day, the body juices gravitating
downward and causing a swollen ap-
pearance on the lower segments.
Then the skin splits apart and it is
wriggled off by the contortions of
the body. When it finally drops
away there is left a strange-looking

creature, broader below than above,
whose appearance is shown in Fig. 4.
This is a transition stage that lasts but
a very short time ; soon the form is
entirely changed, so that the broad-
est part is above instead of below.
The definite outline of the chrysalis
is soon taken on, the outer tissues
hardening into a distinct covering.
The insect now looks like Fig. 5 ; in
color it is a beautiful green, with
wonderful golden spots upon its sur-
face, and a few black spots just be-
low the black cremaster by which
the chrysalis is connected with the

Fig. 6. The Chrysalis showing Markings of the Butterfly.

Fig. 7. Butterfly newly emerged from Chrysalis.

web of silk upon the leaf. The
black spots, the cremaster, and the
white silken web are plainly shown
in the picture.

In this quiet chrysalis the insect
remains for nearly a fortnight. Then
the structure of the forthcoming but-
terfly begins to show through the
thin outer covering (Fig. 6) and you
know that the period of the chrysalis
is nearly ended. If you keep watch
you will probably see the sudden
bursting of the outer envelope and
the quick grasping of its surface by

THE MAKING OF A BUTTERFLY.

the legs of the newly emerged butter-
fly. Its wings at first are short and
crumpled (Fig. 7), bearing little re-
semblance to those of the fully de-
veloped butterfly. But as it hangs
there with one pair of legs holding
to the empty chrysalis and the other

•■

Fig. 9 Front view.

Fig. 8. Butterfly with wings developing — bacK view.

to the leaf above, the wings rapidly
lengthen, hanging limply downward
as the body-juices penetrate the
veins. A little later they expand in
the other direction, the hind wings
reaching full-size before the front
ones as Figs. 11 and 12. Finally
both pairs of wings are fully ex-
panded, and the butterfly is likely to
walk to the top of the support where
it rests for an hour or two while its
tissues harden before it attempts to

Such in brief outline is the process
by which a butterfly is made so far
as it is to be determined by external
observation. But these are only the
visible results of invisible internal
processes, of the nature of which we

could scarcely hazard a guess from
the most careful outward scrutiny.
To learn of these internal develop-
ments many specimens in different
periods of growth have to be sacri-
ficed to the microtome and micro-

Fig I 0. Another front view.

THE MAKING OF A BUTTERFLY.

scope, so that by careful study the
variation in the structure and posi-
tion of the minute cells of which the
insect is composed may be deter-
mined. During recent years great
progress in such knowledge has been
made, so that we have a fairly com-
plete idea of the method of develop-
ment, although we do not know and
perhaps shall never know the " all in
all " of the marvelous process.

It is probable that ever since men
have studied Nature critically there
have been attempts to explain the
way in which a butterfly is made.
Nearly two centuries ago, Swammer-
dam the great Swedish naturalist,
studied very carefully the develop-
ment of butterflies and other insects.
He found that if he placed in boiling
water a caterpillar that was ready to
pupate, the outer skin could easily
be removed, revealing beneath the
immature butterfly with its legs and
antennae. This led him to believe

that the process of development was
simply a process of unfolding, that is
as Professor Packard has put it, "that
the form of the larva, pupa, and
imago preexisted in the egg, and
even in the ovary, and the insects in
these stages were distinct animals,
contained one inside the other like a
nest of boxes, or a series of envelopes,
one within the other, or to use Swam-
merdam's own words: Animal in
amali, sen papilio intra crura m recon-

Fig I I . A side view.

Fig. I 2. A later side view.

ditus." This was called the anboite-
ment or iucasement theory, and for
nearly a hundred years it was held
by naturalists to be correct. Early
in the nineteenth century, however,
it was discredited by Herold who
studied carefully the development of
butterflies, but it was not until 1864
that it was definitely replaced \>y an-
other and much more convincing
theory propounded by Weismann,
the great German zoologist.

THE MAKING OF A BUTTERFLY.

Fig. 13 Mature Monarch Butterfly resting on Poplar leaves.

By careful studies in which the
modern methods of microscopic re-
search were employed, Professor
Weismann found that instead of the
organs of the adult butterfly being
present in the caterpillar, they really
result from the breaking down of the
various tissues of the larva, followed
by a remarkable process of rebuild-
ing in which the starting points are
certain germinal buds or " imaginal
disks." This theory of histolysis
has entirely replaced the encasement
theory in the minds of naturalists.
The germinal buds appear very early
in the life of the insect, sometimes
even before it hatches from the egg.
They remain with little change
throughout the growth of the cater-
pillar. When the period of pupation
begins the various organs of the larva
are broken down by the action of the
blood corpuscles, the result of their
dest ruction being a creamy mass

which is ready to be utilized for the
rebuilding of the tissues. During
the process of destruction of the lar-
val organs, the germinal buds remain
intact, and soon they begin to grow
by building themselves up from the
creamy material surrounding them.
In this way the buds develop in a
short time into the various organs of
the butteifly.

Fig. 14. The ernpty C"rysalis.

THE NEW CENTURY.

By Mary linker G. Eddy.

Thou God- crowned, patient Century !
Thy hour hath come. Eternity
Draws nigh — and bec'ning from above,
One hundred years, aflame with Love,

Again shall bid old earth good-bye—
And lo, the light ! far Heaven is nigh !—
New themes seraphic, Life divine,
And bliss that wipes the tears of time

Away, will enter, when they may —
And bask in one eternal day :
'Tis writ on earth, on leaf and flower —
Love hath one race, one realm, one power.

Dear God ! how great, how good Thou art
To heal humanity's sore heart ;
To probe the wound, then pour the balm—
A life perfected, strong and calm.

The dark domain of pain and sin
Surrenders — Love doth enter in,
And peace is won, and lost is vice :
Right reigns, and blood was not its price.
January, 1901.

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE,
By Laura D. Nichols.

I.
R. CARLYLE came down
stairs half an hour be-
fore the time at which
his sister-in-law had
told him that breakfast
would be ready. The front door was

piazza into the crisp sunshine of a
New Hampshire October, drawing a
deep breath of satisfaction as he
drank in the peaceful beauty of the
landscape.

Northward, on his left, rose in pas-
ture slopes and shaggy woods and

open and he stepped out upon the granite ledges, — Staghorn mountain,

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

every foot of which he had traversed
in boyhood, — bird-nesting, fishing,
picking berries, setting snares and
traps, picnicking, and gunning ; days
that seemed pure bliss to the care-
worn man as he recalled them.

Perhaps the storm-riven crest did
not look quite as lofty and impressive
to the eyes that had since gazed on
Alps and Sierras, but it was dear and
honored still, and there was a tender
dimness in them, as they slowly
turned southward, following a wind-
ing river between intervale meadow's
till it passed under a handsome stone
bridge, and was lost among the roofs,
spires, and elm trees of the little
town, a mile distant.

That was changed indeed ; hun-
dreds of houses where his boyhood
had counted three score, and known
all by name, and been known by
them, too, not as Dr. J. Austen Car-
lyle, the eminent and wealthy sur-
geon, but as " the parson's Jim,"
leader in all games and frolics, and
— well, yes — mischief, too ; and a
half smile twitched the grave mouth,
widening into a beaming whole one,
as he heard a step behind him, and a
quiet voice said " Up and out Brother
Ned ? Now that is good, if it does
not mean you did n't sleep well."

Without turning, the doctor
stretched out his arm and laid it af-
fectionately over the others shoulder.
It rested easily there, for he was a
head taller than the newcomer, whose
smiling rosy face, thick curly hair,
and square-built figure contrasted
strongly with the lean height, schol-
arly stoop, careworn brow, and re-
served gravity of the elder man.

"Indeed, it does not, Brother
Charles," he answered. " I slept as
no man can who does not know the

relief of getting away from a tele-
phone, as I have not since I was a
boy. Happy fellow that you are to
live here always !"

" And scamp that you are to come
so seldom ! ' '

"I admit it, I admit it; my pro-
fession has bound me with chains of
steel. Is it possible I have been here
but twice in all these years?"

"Only twice, Brother Ned: at
Father's funeral and when mother
was dying."

They drew closer together and
were silent awhile, before the doctor
said,

"It shall not be so in future. I
am leaving my practice more and
more to James. I shall come often ;
w r e will be boys again and climb
Staghorn, go fishing, and to see all
the old friends. — all who are left, that
is," he added, catching a quick sigh
from his brother.

" Who are left of our class at the
academy ? Sam and Abby Farmer,
I hope, and the Oilman twins, and
Joe Lincoln, Nancy Sanborn, and
Love Lapham, and Hiram and
Enoch Joy ? Of course many of the
old people must have dropped away,
but all I have named were our age
or younger."

" Ah, Jim, Jim !" said his brother
sadly, "Has not your profession
taught you that the young and
strong fall as fast in the race as the
old and weary ? Sam Farmer and
the Joys died, one of fever and two
in battle at New Orleans in '63.
Abby lives alone on the old place ;
Nancy married and went to Califor-
nia ; Joe Lincoln, poor joking Joe,
fell into bad company and died of
delirium tremens at thirty ; the Gil-
man twins served in the war, and

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

John married and stayed in Balti-
more. Henry came home but died
of consumption soon after."

He paused ; the doctor's shocked
face silenced him. Its softened rev-
erent feeling would have been a reve-
lation to his fashionable patients,
who considered him so curt and un-
approachable.

"And little Love?" he inquired
at last. "Don't tell me that tender
little butterfly came to grief too."

" Yes, that was the saddest of all.
Her careless lightness of nature was
her ruin. She was engaged to Joe
Lincoln first, but jilted him for a
worthless city scamp, who deserted
her; and whether it was that, or re-
morse when Joe died, she fell into
despondency and took her own
life."

"That tender, timid little thing!
Afraid of a rude word — afraid in the
dark — went out so into the great un-
certainty ! Oh, it is hard to be-
lieve !" He took a few hurried steps
awa5 r , then returning, said gently,
" Abby Farmer then, is the only one
you can take me to see ?"

" Yes, and glad enough she '11 be !
The same plain, downright, honest
soul ; old-fashioned, sensible, and
clear-headed. I was in the post-
office one day when a letter was
handed to her addressed ' Miss Abbie
Farmer.' Her scorn was refreshing
to see. She had half a mind not to
take it, and I, to humor her, took a
pen and turned the ie into a y. She
laughed then, and said it was from
one of her city cousins, and to pay
her, she 'd sign her name Abigail in
full— the little goose!"

' She lives on the old farm you
say?" the doctor asked, looking up
the mountain road for the uupainted

house and the red barn he remem-
bered well.

"Yes, the butternut trees have
grown so that you can't see the roofs
now ; but there 's the top of the old
Lombard v poplar."

" Yes, yes, I see it now. Shall
we walk up after breakfast and sur-
prise her ?"

Before his brother could answer, a
rush and a scramble were heard on
the stairs and in the hall, and out
ran two sunburned boys of eight and
ten, the younger shouting " Father,
isn't it Sunday ? Jamie says it isn't,
and he 's going fishing !"

Then both at once saw the amused
look of their unknown uncle, and
fell into bashful propriety, uttering
stiff "good mornings," and subsid-
ing into silence behind their father,
as a sweet- faced lady appeared in the
doorway, and summoned all to break-
fast.

The doctor's quick ear caught a
triumphant "Yah! What did I tell
you ! 'Tis Sunda}' — see !"

He turned and gently pulled the
speaker's ear, as he asked,

"What makes you so sure, my
man ?"

"Why, them, of course!" cried
the triumphant one, forgetting his
grammar, as he eagerly pointed his
chubby forefinger at the baked beans,
brown bread, and fishballs on the
table, while Jamie hung his head in
mortified defeat.

"Oh, does that settle it?" laughed
his uncle, and then it was his turn to
be mortified, for his brother was wait-
ing for silence to ask a blessing on
the food. " I beg your pardon,
brother Charles," he said afterwards,
" I am glad you keep up our father's
custom. Your bov here seems to

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

have an original way of deciding the
day of the week. I am sorry to say
that I had forgotten — "

" That beans and fishballs belong
to Sunday morning?" interrupted
his sister-in-law, smiling. She was
unwilling to have her children hear
him say that he had forgotten the
day, and his keen glance of discov-
ery brought a blush to her cheeks,
but she met it bravely, and it changed
to respectful admiration as he re-
sponded with double meaning.

"You are right, Sister Ellen, I
have been an exile from New Eng-
land so long, I have forgotten much
that I am glad to recall. Does every
roof in town cover this same bill of
fare this morning ?"

" I think you would surely find one
dish or the other," she said. "Some
prefer the beans and brown bread
Saturday night, but one or both be-
long to the day as regularly as — "

" As the church bells," said her
husband, adding, " You know Ellen
is a born and bred Hillsborian, as I
am, and we delight in keeping up all
the old ways. I suppose Sister Cor-
nelia has her Knickerbocker dishes
equally sacred in her eyes."

•'Yes, yes," said the doctor, "but if
she could taste these, we might make
a Yankee of her even now ;" and as
he passed his plate for another fish-
ball he added, "I suppose, however,
Brother Charles, you do not go so
far as to set in the stocks or burn as
a witch, any non-bean-cooking house-
keeper ?"

"Hardly, but I assure you it re-
quires more courage than you think
to go contrary to the rest in a little
place like this. It would be a brave
woman who should habitually wash
any day but Monday, for instance."

But here an unexpected interrup-
tion came from the youngest member
of the family, a grave-eyed young
person of three, who had been re-
garding her uncle with solemn dis-
approval, ever since his last speech,
and now, in clear tones, addressed
him: "My papa not name Sharles ;
name Henwy A 'zander Tarlyle."

Everybody smiled, but even the
boys forbore from laughing, well
knowing that the little maid could
not endure ridicule. Her lip w r ould
have quivered and hot tears been
shed, had anyone indulged in
mirth.

"I was puzzling over that, too,"
said Miss Antoinette, a pretty sister
of the hostess, who sat opposite the
doctor, and had been introduced as
Miss Andrews, on his arrival the
night before.

He smiled both at her and at his
baby corrector as he answered,

"You are right, little Miss Prim-
rose. Brother Henry A'zander, will
you explain ?"

And he, turning to the young lady,
said, "The doctor and I belong to
the good old days when people read
and loved and quoted Dickens, and
the Cheeryble brothers were such
favorites of ours that we dubbed each
other 'Ned' and 'Charles,' and are
still boys enough to keep it up when
we get together. I fear from your
face that ' Nicholas Nickleby ' was
not a textbook at Vassar. You may
even be among the scoffers at dear
old Boz, to whom, I am not ashamed
to say, I owe some of the happiest
hours of my life. Do you remember,
Jim, how father used to bring home
the weekly numbers of ' Copperfield '
and ' Bleak House,' and w r e would
struggle to get through our lessons

8 4

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

in time to hear him read them aloud
before we went to bed, and how dear
little Mother softly rose and stopped
the clock when Steerforth was ship-
wrecked ?"

" Indeed I do ! and how you wrote
me years afterwards, when I was in
Paris, of your taking Father and
Mother both to Boston to hear him
read his ' Christmas Carol ' and
'Pickwick Trial,' and how they
laughed and cried ! Ah, young lady,
I am sorry for you."

" But I thought he was considered
a caricaturist," she began, but stopped
in dismay at her sister's indignant
"Oh!" her brother-in-law's "a li-
bel!" while Dr. Carlyle quietly an-
swered,

"Even granting that, you do him
no dishonor. A first-class caricatur-
ist is only one kind of philanthropist.
The world could spare many a mar-
tial hero better than Doyle, Cruik-
shank, John L,eech, Du Maurier, or
our own Nast."

"Or Gibson," whispered Mrs.
Henry, bringing a blush to An-
toinette's face, she having recently
covered a screen with her favorite's
sketches.

The doctor went on, " I wish you
could see how many copies of Eeech
are worn out in our convalescent
wards ; and Dickens leads them all
in his knowledge of human nature.
No one who knows his Dickens well
can walk a city street or take a day's
journey without meeting some of the
men and women he sketched for us.
I dare not tell you how many Mrs.
Nicklebys I number among my pa-
tients. I traveled all yesterday with
Dick Swiveller and barety avoided
Miggs on the stagecoach. But I see
you consider Henry and me very old

fogies indeed, so let us go back to
our Sunday beans and Monday laun-
dry work. What does the New Eng-
land conscience prescribe for the rest
of the week, Sister Ellen ?"

"Ironing Tuesday; baking and
churning in the middle of the week,
and somewhat optional ; sweeping on
Friday, and more baking and a gen-
eral scouring, including the children,
on Saturday."

"And where does social visiting
come in?" pursued the doctor. "It
forms so large a part of the duty of
city dames, that I am shocked by
your classing it among subordinate
matters."

" Oh, yes. Our country consci-
ences are much less strict on that
score. If our houses and children
are clean, our pews well filled on
Sunday, our gardens weeded, our
pickles crisp, and our jellies stiff, we
need not worry over our visiting list,
and party calls are unknown."

" What a blessed place to live in !"
sighed her brother-in-law. " But in
view of all these rites, when can I
most suitably call on my old friend
Abby Farmer?"

"To-morrow afternoon," she re-
plied. "Abby is sure to have her
washing done and out, bright and
early in the morning, and in and
folded, and her dress changed by
three in the afternoon."

"To-morrow it shall be then, and
I have an idea of going alone to see
if she will recognize me."

"Excellent!" said Henry, " if she
does not get her eye on you in church.
You will go with us this morning ?"

"Certainly, I will, and this after-
noon ?"

" I was planning to take you to a
walk through the town to see the

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

changes, especially our stone bridge,
instead of the old covered wooden
one ; our library, so handsomely en-
dowed by a generous former citizen,
whose name I forbear to mention."
The boys nudged each other, and
were charmed when their uncle
winked at them jovially, in response
to their shy glances.

"And the drinking fountain in
father's memory," continued the
host.

" And the cemetery?"

" Yes, it is the favorite Sunday af-
ternoon walk here."

" And will the ladies go with us?"
asked the doctor. " We will promise
to be as little old-fogyish as we can,"
and he smiled so winningly at Miss
Antoinette that she was quite won
over, and very proud when he per-
sonally escorted her to and from the
evening service, which ended the
beautiful autumn day.

At breakfast next day, after com-
menting on the unusual number of
interesting young people in the con-
gregation, Dr. Carlyle added, "But
they did not view me as favorably as
I did them. There was one hand-
some, dark-eyed fellow in particular,
who gave me an almost savage glance
in the porch, though how I could
have injured him, I could not see,"
he concluded, with such an innocent
tone, that his brother and sister ex-
changed amused looks, and Antoin-
ette's cheeks burned, but just as she
ventured to glance up at the speaker
she met his eyes flashing with such
mischief and triumph that her own
were down-cast for the rest of the
meal.

The brothers spent the morning to-

gether at Henry's mills, of which he
was justly proud, as well as of the
neat houses of the employes. Dr.
James did not fail to notice the uni-
versal fluttering of Monday wash-
ings wherever they went, on lines,
patent driers, and sunny banks, and
bushes.

In the afternoon he wandered away
alone towards the mountain, and
about four o'clock strolled into the
well-remembered Farmer dooryard,
and, pausing at the well, had just
drawn up a dripping bucket, as Miss
Abby came round the corner of the
house to get a colored apron or two,
which had been left to dry in the
shade on a wide-spreading elder-
bush. Her white wash, as Mrs.
Carlyle predicted, was already folded
down for ironing.

She stopped short at sight of a
stranger, and frankly stared, one
hand involuntarily smoothing her
gray hair, while the other bunched
the patched gingham aprons behind
her.

" This water is as deliciously cold
as ever, Abby!" said the doctor,
tossing his hat on the grass, and
walking towards her, the dipper in
one hand, the other out- stretched for
hers.

' ' You ' ve got my name glib
enough," she slowly said, "but I
don't know as I can call yours."

Her keen gray eyes continued to
search his face ; her hand was doubt-
fully given, but when he smiled down
at her, half-amused, half-reproachful,
— she gripped his hand, crying " Jim
Carlyle ! It ain't really you, is it?"
and honest eyes met honest eyes with
equal joy and questioning, till sud-
denly hers filled and she turned ab-
ruptly away, with a dry sob more

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

pathetic than tears, saying, " O Lord
of love ! Why ain't Sam here too ?"

"Dear old Sam!" he responded,
and made delay, returning the dipper
to its nail, to give her time to recover
herself.

"Come in," she urged, next mo-
ment. "Come right along in! I
do n't care how the kitchen looks !"

"It looks as neat as a pin, as it
always did," he cordially declared,
and, indeed, it was sliming with
cleanliness ; the clothes basket of
tightly-rolled linen on the white
wooden table ; the open fire snap-
ping cheerily, and a kettle of stewing
crab-apples sending out a spicy odor.

"Oh, how pleasant and natural it
all looks!" he said, leaning against
the doorway, while she bestowed her
aprons in the basket, and put that
and her blue bowl of sprinkling water
into the back room. " Give me the
pail and I '11 bring you in the water
I 've just drawn."

He spied it on the sink shelf as he
spoke, and was off toward the well
before she could object, giving her
time, as he intended (having a wife
and daughters), to exchange her blue
check apron for a black silk one, and
tie a soft mull scarf around her neck.
She wanted him then to go into the
parlor, but, knowing well its chilly
primness, he begged off, and taking
possession of a high-backed black
and yellow wooden rocking-chair be-
side the fireplace, where her father
used to sit in the old days, he made
an excuse that his shoes were damp
from his mountain walk.

"Humph!" she scoffed, half at
the pretence and half at the cityfied
boots, "just as if I couldn't light a
fire in there in a jiffy ! and I will,
too," she added, laughing, "or Mis'

Sanborn down the road '11 think I 've
lost my manners, or turned stingy"
she muttered to herself, as she thrust
a lucifer match through the sliding
damper of the best-room stove.

" Why, how should she know any-
thing about it?" he inquired.

"Oh, Jim, have you been away
from Hillsboro so long as not to
know that you could n't walk in that
door an' she not see you, and peek
through her blinds to see if there was
a smoke comin' out of my parlor
chimney ? But there, I ought n't
to be callin' you that way, Dr. Car-
lyle."

" Then must I beg pardon for call-
ing you 'Abby ' ? "

"Oh, that's different. You're a
fine city gentleman, now, and
I—"

" You are my old friend," he
gently answered;. "Sam's sister,
and I hope I shall be ' Jim ' to you,
as long as we both live. Sit down,
and tell me all about yourself ; you 've
made smoke enough to satisfy Mrs.
Sanborn, and if you can, I want to
know all about Sam, too." She gave
way at once, and for an hour they
lost themselves in mingled questions
and answers, reminiscence and nar-
rative, till the old clock behind them
struck five, and they started like
naught}' children.

' ' Henry will think I am lost on
Staghorn," said the doctor, looking
for his hat. " I shall tell him it was
all your fault for being so enter-
taining."

"And if I had a mite of cake in
the house, I 'd ask you to stay and
take tea with me," said Abby,
bluntly. "Serves me right for not
makin' a good loaf Saturday !
Mother never let the box get empty,

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

but now I 'm alone, I get slack, and
I never did care much for sweet
cake."

"Nor I, Abby," said the doctor,
knowing well that she was sincere.
" I 'd rather have buttered toast and
stewed crab-apples (with a boyish
glance at the fireplace) than all the
cake that ever was frosted."

" Now had you? Honest Indian?
she returned, delighted. " Then you
shall, an' if you 're fibbin', it '11 be a
good punishment. Sam always liked
rye pancakes with crab-apples, an'
there's a jarful of them, fried fresh
Saturday."

" No punishment in that" said the
doctor, gleefully. " I always ate two
to Sam's one. You couldn't hire
me to go, now, and, Abby, shan't I
bring you in a basket of chips, or an
armful of wood, or more water? It 's
too dark for Mrs. Sanborn to spy
me," he added roguishly, as she
hesitated.

But it proved that the woodbox
was well stocked, and he was only
allowed to bring a pail of water, while
she lit the parlor lamp and replenished
the fire there.

" Almiry Sanborn shan't guess
we 're settin' in the kitchen, and I '11
have my best chiny and table cloth
at any rate."

He saw through her at once.
"Mrs. Grundy rules even here," he
thought, and resolving to humor his
old friend, he settled himself in the
very best parlor chair, while Abby
stepped back and forth, getting her
treasures from its cupboard, though
setting the table, as usual, in the
kitchen.

" There 's a real good piece about
Sam in that," she said, as he took
up a stout " History of Hillsboro '

from the centre-table, "and of all the
boys that went to the war from here.
Page 209, Sam's is on, and his pic-
ture, too," and the book taken up
from politeness, proved so interesting
in its biographies of old mates, that
she had to tell him twice that supper
was ready.

Oh, if his fashionable city patients
could have seen him then ! Genial,
charming, even gay, devouring the
spicy drop- cakes, after several slices
of toast, to say nothing of home-
made cheese, pumpkin pie, and crab
apples, and three cups of tea.

And how his hostess' plain rugged
face softened and beamed as no one
had seen it since the war, and her
appetite, " Why I believe even the
cat noticed what a meal I made!"
she said to herself, afterwards.

Suddenly the outer door opened,
and a little boy with a basket came in.

"Mother's ben pickiu' all the
grapes, for fear they 'd freeze, an'
she thought mebbe you 'd like some,"
he said with the speed of one who
fears forgetting his message, his eyes
meanwhile fixed in admiration of the
gold band china and white table-
cloth.

"Tell ) r our mother I'm much
obliged and perhaps she 'd like some
crab apples," said Abby, promptly
emptying and refilling the basket in
the pantry, and the messenger de-
parted without another word. Abby
laughed as she resumed her seat.

" Now she knows" she said.

" Who, knows what?"

"Mis' Sanborn knows that we're
eatin' in the kitchen an' that I did n't
make hot biscuits for you."

"Abby, you know I asked for
toast ! Do you really fear your
neighbor's tongue? Is she a hateful

88 A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

woman, or are you less independent slip up week day evenin's as long as

than you used to be?" there 's a blow in the garden." She

Abby reddened. "No, she's a rose hastily dashing away a tear, and

good neighbor, and a good woman, began to clear the table and pack the

and I do n't really care what any- dishes in the sink,

body says, except — except." "I hadn't ought to bother you

"Yes?" he said, so gently, that with my troubles," she began pres-
she yielded to the rare comfort of ently, but he struck in earnestly say-
giving a confidence, as she would ing,
have said, of freeing her mind. " You have done just right, Abby.

"Except bein' called stingy. Who has a better right than Sam

That I do mind, because I ain't so, Farmer's sister to claim my sympathy

nat'rally, an' yet, it 's got to be true, and my help, too ?"

or rather I have to be mean now-a- " No, //of" she interrupted,

days, or else in debt, an' that's "But yes, Abby!" he insisted,

worse." rising and standing beside her.

" Mean you could not be, I am " You may have forgotten, but I

sure, Abby, but I am very sorry if never have, nor can, — how Sam

you have to be so economical. Didn't saved me from going down the last

your father? Didn't Sam — ?" he time, when I broke through the ice

hesitated. on the mill pond, risking his own life

" They done the best they could," to do it ! I tell you that gives me

she answered, "but Father was old, not only a right to help his sister in

an' Sam went to the war, and the any way I can, — but makes it my

farm was run down, and Mother had duty. But for him I should have

a long sickness, and we had to mort- been laid, a mere boy, where he lies

gage the land. Sam never knew it, now, but I lived, and my life has

that 's my only comfort, but since he been successful, useful, perhaps, and

died, eight years ago, it's been all I he, dear old fellow, is not here to

could do to pay the interest on it. congratulate me, to let me share my

For you see, I 'spose it was foolish good fortune with him, but his sister

pride, sinful mebbe, but I let it run is, and surely, surely, she will not

over one year, when I put up hand- refuse me the happiness, the privi-

some monuments for Father and lege, of placing a fitting monument

Mother. I thought Sam was comin' over his grave !"

home to take hold again, — but, — well She covered her face at his last

I 've been punished for doing the words, but he had seen the resistance

best I could, I 've only just made up die out of it, and, as she sank tremb-

that double interest and I 've pinched ling into the nearest chair, she drew

and pinched, and gone shabby and a deep breath and said,

been stingy. It's because it's true, "Oh, Jim! Could you? Won la

that it hurts. And I haven't seen you?"

my way yet to put up any stone for He smiled at Sam's picture over

poor Sam, and I 've given up goin' her head, and knew that he had cou-

to the cemetery, Sundays, it makes quered.

me feel so to see people notice, but I When he left, an hour later, he

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

had a memorandum of her wishes as
to the inscription and height of the
stone \for it must not overtop those
of the parents), and had promised
that before Thanksgiving Day it
should be in place, and that he
would come again and go with her
to see it.

"It is too good to be true," she
declared in parting. " I shall wake
up to-morrow and find it was only a
dream. Oh, if there was something
I could do for you !"

" I '11 do my best to think of some-
thing before I call again," he an-
swered, laughing.

"See that you do, and see if I
don't do it 'fore you 've done askin'."

She looked almost young as she
stood in the moonlight, and when he
was gone, she bolted her door, and,
kneeling before her father's chair,
gave thanks to God.

Next morning Dr. Carlyle awoke
laughing over a funny dream he had
had of trying to make Abby wash on
Tuesday and have fishballs Wednes-
day, and that Mrs. Sanborn was go-
ing to have her burned as a wilch.
It clung to him all through his dres-
sing, and he whimsically resolved
that this should be the favor he would
ask. It would be a capital test of
the power of Mrs. Grundy versus
Abby's independence and wish to
please him. The longer he thought
of it the more his imagination

reveled in the plan. Yes, he would
propose it. The only pity was he
could not stay and see the plot work.
But Abby would tell him all about
it. It would relieve the solemnity of
their agreement and give the dear
old girl something to think of mean-
while. He almost cut himself while
shaving, his mouth twitched so at
the comicality of it, but even Henry
must not know ; that would spoil
all.

He w r as very merry at breakfast,
and delighted the boys by asking
that they might have a holiday, and
show him the new path up Staghorn.

On the way he left them drinking
at the well, while he hurried in,
found Abby ironing, and told her he
had thought of something. She
could hardly believe her ears when
he gravely explained that a state-
ment had reached him that New
England housekeepers were so bound
by superstitious devotion to times
and seasons, that no one of them
would dare to wash on Tuesday, iron
Wednesday, eat fishballs or baked
beans Thursday, fried eggs Sunday,
and roast beef in place of turkey at
Thanksgiving. The words supersti-
tion and dare roused her ; the wish
to please him was alluring, controll-
ing, and before she knew what she
had done she promised to do all he
proposed for the coming six weeks.

The next day he left town.

[ To be concluded.}

A CRY.

" An infant crying for the light
And with no language but a cry."

— In Memoriam .

By Mary M. Currier.
I.

that my soul might rest !

Earth, hide me from the folly and the sin
That thou hast shown me. Mother who hath brought
Me hither, in my need forsake me not,
But take me back, and deep thy breast within
Conceal me ; nor let thought that I have been
Make my long sleep unblest.

I am afraid of all my sin and sorrow ;
I fear to see to-morrow and to-morrow ;

My mirth is turned to tears,
And ashes are my raiment and my food.
My heart is all consumed. Where shall I borrow,
Or what shall do me good ;

1 will refuse to live, and no more years
Shall vex me with their vanities and fears.

Vain is the help of man.
I will forsake the creatures of my race,
And find a dwelling-place
Where there shall be no sound of human voice.

No mortal being can
Do more to make my wretched soul rejoice

Than I, myself. Too much alike are we ;
Each bears the selfsame trace
Of sin, and shame, and weakness on his face.

I cannot heal myself of misery,
For faint and desolate
Am I. I can but wait

Till thou, O Mother Earth, shalt cover me.

A CRY. 9 i

II.
But what can hide me from the eye of God ?
Or where will not His spirit find me out ?

The thought of God doth fill
My soul with terror ; for His mighty rod,

With which to His own will
He bends the nations, He holds over me,
And wrath and vengeance compass me about.
whither shall I flee ?
What fortress is so stout
That it can keep me in security
Until that swift, all- seeing eye is still,

And He shall not pursue
Me any more, nor seek to kill my soul ;

Earth's deepest, dimmest cave,

The depths below the wave,

The darkness of the grave,
And hell itself, are naked to His view,
And will be naked while the ages roll.

III.

Where can I hide but, mighty God, in Thee ?

Thyself must be my fortress, or I die.

Hear my despairing cry,
Almighty One, who fillest earth and sea,
And be my refuge and my steadfast tower
In that dread and inevitable hour
When I shall meet Thee face to face. When Thou
Shalt thrust aside the veil

That for our frailness' sake doth hide Thy brow

From Thy poor creatures now,
Screening from us Thy perfect holiness,
Thy glory and Thy power ;

When every knee shall bow,
And every hesitating tongue confess
That Thou art God and we are nothingness,
Ah ! what shall then avail
Angel, demon, heaven, hell, earth, or sea,
Or anything but Thee,
To pluck me out of utter wretchedness ?

, IV.

O that Thou wert my friend and not my foe r

And I could come to Thee
Fearless and trusting as a child doth come

Unto his mother's knee !
Then would I leave earth's turmoil far below.
And rest in Thee as in my spirit's home.

xxx- 7

A CRY.
V.

Alas ! my sin makes me abhor my soul.

Mine eye can scarcely bear

To look within and see the foulness there.
How is it, then, with Thine,
Before whose sight the heavens are not fair ?
What wilt Thou do with this vile soul of mine ?
It is a blot upon the beauteous whole

That should give pure delight to Thine, and Thee,

And all, yea, even me.

It is my sin that makes me fear Thine arm.
I have no other cause to dread Thy power.

How could it do me hurt,

However great Thou wert,
And were I frailer than the frailest flower
If I had never sinned ? I could be calm,

Untroubled, e'en before Thine awful face ;
And no more fear of harm

Be mine than haunts the lily in her place.

VI.

How weak, how wholly impotent am I !
I cannot crush myself, nor can I heal.

I can but suffer, long, and feebly strive.
Of mine own self I have no power to die,

Nor power to be alive :
Least, least of all can my dull wits devise
A way to move one sin from where it lies,
Or even one conceal.

VII.

O Thou who art almighty, hear my cry '

O take away the sin
That doth so sore afflict me, or I die !

O now mine eyes begin
To see that sin alone hath power to kill
And Thou alone canst save. Thou dost not hate ;
It is my sin that makes me desolate.
Behold my need of pardon. See the state
My soul is in, and let it be Thy will
To save from sin this being that is I.

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER. 1

By Hon. Alfred Russell, LL. D.

UR lives are made up of and rude surroundings of most of our
memory and hope, people, in the time before and after
Hope for the republic the Revolution, is without parallel in
is strengthened by re- history. It is well to recur occasion-
calling the toils and ally to that former time ; and to look
triumphs of the fathers. In the ode at the character and environment of
of Horace, "On the Immoderate the strong men who made our pres-
Luxury of the Age," in which he ent prosperity possible.

lived, he laments the departure of
sincerity and valor, and the decay of
the customs bequeathed by Rome's
hardy founder, and eulogizes the for-
mer devotion to public duty. He
says,

" Petty was then to each man a selfish posses-
sion ;
Mighty then was to all men the common-
wealth's treasure."

What an illustration of these lines
was the speech of John Laugdon,

Before the Revolution, the British
province of New Hampshire was
thinly settled, and mainly on the sea-
board, about Portsmouth, and the
border of Massachusetts. Few had
penetrated into the hill country to-
wards the Canada line, and along the
upper waters of the Connecticut and
Merrimack rivers. In 1 77 1 the prov-
ince was laid out into five counties.
Grafton, the northernmost, remained
unorganized until 1773. Vermont
president of the Colonial Assembly of was known as " the New Hampshire
New Hampshire at the time of Bur- Grants," and was the subject of dis-

goyne's invasion, "I have three
thousand dollars in cash. I will sell
my plate for three thousand more.
I have seventy hogsheads of Tobago
rum, which I will turn into money.
We will raise two regiments of men.
Our friend Stark will take command
of them, and we will drive back Bur-
goyne." This was done. Burgoyne
surrendered, and Colonel Webster
aided Stark.

The advance of our country in

puted jurisdiction between the prov-
inces of New Hampshire and New
York. New Hampshire had char-
tered 138 towns in these so-called
"grants," and they were largely
under the military protection of New
Hampshire. The inhabitants of
New Hampshire were principally
emigrants from the British Isles, or
the descendants of those who had
come to Massachusetts from 1620 to
1640. During that twenty years, —

wealth and luxury, from the poor antedating the birth of the subject of

1 Written for the New Hampshire Historical Society by his great-grandson, a member of the bar of
Detroit, Mich.

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

this sketch about a century, — some
twenty thousand emigrants had ar-
rived on the coast of New England,
and they multiplied for the next one
hundred and fifty years, to about
1790, with very little admixture of
foreign blood. The world will never
forget the achievements of that peo-
ple for religious and political freedom
and education.

" Till the waves in the bay,
Where the Mayflower lay,
Shall foam and freeze no more."

Conspicuous among the adornments
of the British house of parliament is
the picture of the "Landing of the
Pilgrims."

The stock from which our Revo-
lutionary colonel, David Webster,
sprang passed from Scotland, through
England and Massachusetts into New
Hampshire. From the arrival in
America it can be followed in the
records of church and town. The
lonely graveyards on the hillsides or
in the fence corners of the old farms
hide their forgotten dust. The old
slate headstones are moulded away.
Yet, on many of those headstones
might truly have been inscribed the
epitaph, " Siste viator! Hcrocm cal-
ms/" Stop, traveler! Thou tread-
est on a hero !

"It is not in Indian wars," said
Fisher Ames, "that heroes become
celebrated, but it is there that they
are formed." It can hardly be said
which menaced the infant frontier
settlements most, the inexorable
forces of nature in that wilderness or
the red savages, set on by the French
from the country of the St. Lawrence.
The traditional hatred of the French
and English had been transferred
from the old world to the primeval
solitudes of the new continent. The

former had established a chain of
posts from Quebec, through the re-
gion of the lakes, to New Orleans,
and their eastern camps constantly
threatened the peninsula of New
England.

The birth of Colonel Webster oc-
curred a quarter of a century before
the peace of 1763, which terminated
the old French war, commonly . so-
called, in which, as a youth, he was
to take part. He was born in Ches-
ter, in 1738, December 12. His
father was Stephen Webster, a sub-
stantial pioneer, trained in border
warfare, who married Rachel Ste-
phens. The father of Stephen Web-
ster was Nathan Webster, one of the
first settlers of the town of Chester.
The father of Nathan was also named
Nathan, and lived in Bradford, Mass-
His father, John Webster, emigrated
from Ipswich, Eng., to Ipswich,
Mass., in 1635. David was the first
child of his parents. The town rec-
ords of Chester contain the names
and dates of birth of their five chil-
dren : David, Stephen, Lydia, Sarah,
and Amos. The latter was born
January 5, 1748, and took part in
the battle of Saratoga in 1777, where
he fell at the head of the company of
which he was captain. David en-
joyed the training of good parents
and acquired the elements of educa-
tion in what was called the district
school. George Ticknor, a son of
New Hampshire, the eminent author
of a " History of Spanish Literature,"
wrote that, "in New England, ever
since the first free school was estab-
lished amidst the woods that covered
the peninsula of Boston, in 1636,
the schoolmaster has been found on
the border-line between savage and
civilized life ; often, indeed, with an

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

axe to open his own path." Great
equality of condition then prevailed,
but it was the equality of poverty.
At the same time, amid all the strug-
gle, there was sincerity and valor,
contentment and happiness. Reli-
gion and education were not unpro-
vided for. The schoolhouse and the
meeting-house were there. Not long
after Webster's birth, the apostolic
Wheelock built the foundations of
Dartmouth college in the wilderness
and laid live coals on the altar of
learning while yet the fire hardly
flamed on his own hearthstone.
Stephen Webster, David's father,
was himself a schoolmaster, and
taught the first school in Plymouth.
But David's tastes were rather for
athletic sports and hunting and fish-
ing than for books. Of a robust con-
stitution, and endowed with great
physical strength, he became popular
with his fellows in the little border
community, and by his courage and
manliness won the respect of his eld-
ers. When David was seventeen
years old, in 1755, there was an in-
cursion of Canadian Indians, who
came as far south into New Hamp-
shire as the confluence of Baker's
river with the Pemigewasset, — the
very spot where David was to estab-
lish his home years afterwards, — and
there they made a prisoner of the
celebrated John Stark, whose statue
New Hampshire has contributed to
our National Statuary hall at Wash-
ington, and carried him into Canada
and sold him to the French for forty
pounds. General Stark, in his old
age, when the property of neighbors
was being canvassed, said that if a
thing is worth what it will fetch he
was worth forty pounds.

In 1757, Stark, who had escaped

from Canada, cooperated with the
famous Maj. Robert Rogers in form-
ing his historic Regiment of Rangers.
The first young man they picked out
in Chester was David Webster. He
was enlisted in Captain Hazen's com-
pany, and received the warrant of
sergeant at the age of nineteen.
Ebenezer Webster, father of the
great Daniel, also went out with
Rogers's Rangers. David served
thenceforward in the old French or
Seven Years' war, until its close in
1763. He went with Majors Stark
and Rogers in pursuit of the enemy
from Ticonderoga to Crown Point,
Chambly, and Montreal. In 1760, at
the age of twenty-two, he commanded
the advance guard in dislodging the
enemy at Isle aux Noix, the night be-
fore it was abandoned. He took part
in the final engagement of the war at
Chambly, and was at Montreal when
the forces of General Amherst and
Sir William Johnson obtained the
final surrender of all Canada to his
Britannic majesty. I may here ob-
serve, considering the youth of Web-
ster at nineteen, that a majority of
the soldiers wmo won the war for the
Union a hundred years later, 1861 to
1865, were not above twenty- three.

Peace being restored, Webster re-
turned to his home at Chester, and
April 20, 1 76 1, at the age of twenty-
three, married Elizabeth Clough of
that town. Eleven sons and one
daughter were the fruit of that union.
The daughter married Hon. Moor
Russell of Plymouth, for many years
of the governor's council of New
Hampshire.

As Mr. Batchellor has recently
shown in his " Notes on the Militia
of New r Hampshire," the military sys-
tem of the province was in a state of

9 6

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

marked efficiency at the close of tile
old French or Seven Years' war.
It was, he says, definitely established
by law, and the different organiza-
tions were well equipped and efficient.
The military experience of the pre-
vious century had shown the neces-
sity of constant readiness for hostile
outbreaks. Accordingly, when the
northern counties were organized,
two additional provincial regiments
were created, one, the Eleventh, with
headquarters at Plymouth, with John
Fenton, colonel; David Hobart, lieu-
tenant-colonel, and Jonathan M.
Sewall, major. Webster afterwards
became captain, major, and lieu-
tenant-colonel of this regiment.
Samuel Cummings of Hollis was one
of the original proprietors of Ply-
mouth. He was brother-in-law to
Webster, and the latter, through Mr.
Cummings's influence, removed from
Chester, first to Hollis, in November,
1763, and secondly to Plymouth,
after exploring the new settlement
there. He returned to Hollis for the
coming winter's provisions and furni-
ture, and, in the fall of 1764, drove
an ox-team to Plymouth and cleared
a place for a cabin on the spot where
the Pemigewasset hotel now stands,
about a mile south of the junction of
the river of that name with Baker's
river. In October, Mrs. Webster
started from Hollis on horseback,
with her boy, two years old, to join
her husband at Plymouth. There
were only a footpath and spotted trees
to guide her as she came near Ply-
mouth. Evening was drawing in,
and clouds obscured the moon. A
ledge is now shown to visitors where
she hitched her horse to a tree and
crawled into a sort of cave to pass
the night. Eater, the moon came

out, and she espied an Indian camp
on top of the ledge, where the sav-
ages were holding a pow-wow. At
daybreak she renewed her journey,
undiscovered by the red men. I
doubt whether the "new woman"
of the nineteenth century surpasses
that pioneer woman.

The life of these frontiersmen was
not by any means unattractive. They
were physically strong, and had a re-
sulting zest of life which is denied to
feeble people. The woods were full
of moose and the river was full of sal-
mon, which ascended from the sea,
stopped by no dams. The present
countless spindles of Manchester,
Lawrence, and Eowell were, as yet,
undreamed of. The glorious hills
uplifted the souls of the settlers and
imparted something of their own
loftiness.

Webster was placed on committees
for building roads, bridges, mills, etc.,
connected w T ith the settling of the pro-
prietary lands, and displayed activity
and good judgment. The next year,
1765, he was engaged in raising an
independent company of foot, for the
royal service, and was commissioned
by the captain-general of the prov-
ince, as ensign, May 24, 1765. The
commission is now in the possession
of David M. Webster, Esq., of
Bridgewater, with the other commis-
sions hereinafter referred to, and I
give a copy as a curiosity :

Province of New Hampshire
(Seal)
Benning Wenthworth, Esq.,

Captain-General and Governor in Chief
in and over His Majesty's Province
of New Hampshire, in New Eng-
land, &c.
To David Webster, Gentleman. Greeting.
By virtue of the Power and Authority, in and
by His Majesty's Royal Commission to Me
granted, to be Captain-General, &c, over this

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

His Majesty's Province of New Hampshire,
aforesaid ; I do (by these Presents) repos-
ing especial Trust and Confidence in your
Loyalty, Courage and good Conduct, constitute
and appoint You, the said David Webster, Gen-
tleman, to be Ensign of an Independent Com-
pany of Foot in the town of Plymouth, in the
Province aforesaid.

You are therefore carefully and diligently to
discharge the Duty of an Ensign, in leading,
ordering and exercising said Company in Arms,
both inferior Officers and Soldiers, and to keep
them in good Order and Discipline ; hereby
commanding them to obey you as their Ensigne
— and yourself to observe and follow such Or-
ders and Instructions, as you shall from time to
time receive from Me, or the Commander-in-
Chief for the time being, or other your Super-
iour Officers for His Majesty's Service accord-
ing to Military Rules and Discipline pursuant
to the Trust reposed in You.

Given under my Hand and Seal at Arms, at
Portsmouth, the 24th day of May, in the Fifth
Year of the Reign of His Majesty, King George
the Third, Anno Domini, 1765.

(Signed) B. Wentworth.

By His Excellency's Command :
S. Atkinson, Jun., Sectry.

This independent company was
subsequently incorporated into the
Eleventh regiment, above mentioned,
and, in 1773, the new royal governor
of the province appointed Webster a
captain in that regiment. The fol-
lowing is a copy of his commission,
now in the possession of his grand-
son, D. M. Webster, above men-
tioned :

Province of New Hampshire
(seal)
John Wentworth, Esq.,

Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief ,
in and over His Majesty's Province
of New-Hampshire in New England,
&c.
To David Webster, Esquire, — Greeting.
By Virtue of the Power and Authority, in and
by His Majesty's Royal Commission to Me
granted, to be Captain-General, &c, over this
His Majesty's Province of New-Hampshire,
aforesaid ; I Do (by these presents) reposing
especial Trust and Confidence in your Loyalty,
Courage and good Conduct, Constitute and Ap-
point You, the said David Webster, Esq., to be
Captain in the Eleventh Regiment of Militia.
Whereof John Fenton, Esq., is Colonel.

You are therefore carefully and diligently to

discharge the Duty of a Captain, in leading, or-
dering and exercising said Regiment in Arms,
both inferior Officers and Soldiers, and to keep
them in good Order and Discipline ; hereby
commanding them to obey you as their Cap-
tain, and yourself to observe and follow such
Orders and Instructions, as you shall from
Time to Time receive from Me, or the Com-
mander-in-Chief for the Time being, or other
your superiour Officers for His Majesty's Ser-
vice, according to Military Rules and Discip-
line, pursuant to the Trust reposed in You.

Given under my Hand and Seal at Arms, at
Portsmouth, the fifteenth Day of July, in the
13th Year of the Reign of His Majest}', George
the Third, Annoque Domini, 1773.

(signed) J. Wentworth.

By His Excellency's Command:

(signed) Theodore Atkinson, Secty.

The next year, 1774, being the
fourteenth year of the reign of King
George the Third, Webster was made
major of the s^ame regiment, the
Eleventh New Hampshire Provincial
regiment, Colonel Fenton. The fol-
lowing is a copy of his commission :

Province of New Hampshire
(seal)
John Wentworth, Esq.;

Captain-General and Governor in Chief,
in and over His Majesty's Province
of New-Hampshire, in New Eng-
land, &c.
To David Webster, Esquire, — Greeting.
By Virtue of the Power and Authority, in and
by His Majesty's Royal Commission to me
granted, to be Captain-General, &c., over His
Majesty's Province of New Hampshire, afore-
said ; I Do (be these Presents), reposing es-
pecial Trust and Confidence in your Loyalty,
Courage and good Conduct, constitute and ap-
point You, the said David Webster, to be
Major of the Eleventh Regiment of Militia in
this Province under the Command of Colonel
John Fenton, Esquire.

You are therefore carefully and diligently to
discharge the Dut3 T of a Major in leading, or-
dering and exercising said Regiment in Arms,
both inferior Officers and Soldiers, and to keep
them in good Order and Discipline ; hereby
commanding them to obey you as their Major
and yourself to observe and follow such Orders
and Instructions as you shall from Time to
Time receive from Me, or the Commander-in-
Chief for the Time being, or other your su-
periour officers for His Majesty's Service, accord-
ing to Military Rules and Discipline, pursuant
to the Trust reposed in you.

9 8

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

Given under my Hand and Seal at Arms, at
Portsmouth, the 18th day of June, in the four-
teenth year of the Reign of His Majesty, King
George the Third, Annoque Domini, 1774.

(signed) J. Wentworth.
By His Excellency's Command :
(signed) Theodore Atkinson, Secty.

Major Webster now found himself
living among scenes and events of
stirring interest. The divisions be-
tween the colonies and the mother
country were increasing and widen-
ing. The inhabitants of New Hamp-
shire (as of all the colonies) were not
a unit. Many insisted on loyalty to
the crown, and party feeling ran
high. Major Webster had now
reached the age of thirty-five and
enjoyed the confidence and esteem of
all parties. Without hesitation he
declared himself for independence,
and his words and example were
potent. The British ministry made
orders forbidding the sending of mili-
tary stores to America, and Maj.
John Sullivan, of the Second New
Hampshire regiment, with other pa-
triots, on December 14, 1774, at-
tacked the royal Fort William and
Mary at Portsmouth, hauled down
the English flag, and captured the
powder, guns, and munitions of war.
This occurred several months before
Lexington and Concord, and is be-
lieved to have been the first hostile
demonstration of the Revolution. In
vain did the royal governor issue
proclamations. He was soon com-
pelled to flee from the province, and
an independent colonial government
was established for New Hampshire
with a legislature called a congress.
In September, 1775, the congress of
the colony of New Hampshire ap-
pointed Major Webster to be lieu-
tenant-colonel of the Eleventh regi-
ment, and the following is a copy of

his congressional commission, signed
by Matthew Thornton, president of
the congress of New Hampshire, and
later a signer of the Declaration of
Independence :

Colony of New Hampshire
(seal)
The Congress of the Colony of New Hamp-
shire
To David Webster, Esquire, Greeting.

We, reposing especial Trust and Confidence
in your Fidelity, Courage and good Conduct,
Do by these Presents constitute and appoint
you the said David Webster, Esq., to be Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of the Eleventh Regiment of
Militia within the said Colon}' of New Hamp-
shire.

You are therefore carefully and diligently to
discharge the Duty of a Lieutenant-Colonel in
leading, ordering and exercising said Regiment
in Arms, both Inferior Officers and Soldiers,
and to keep them in good Order and Discip-
line ; hereby commanding them to obey you
as their Lieutenant-Colonel, and yourself to
observe and follow such Orders and Instruc-
tions as you shall from Time to Time receive
from the Congress of said Colony for the Time
being, or (in recess of Congress) from the Com-
mittee of Safety, or any your Superior Officers
for the Service of said Colony, according to
Military Rules and Discipline, pursuant to the
Trust reposed in You.

By order of the Congress :
(signed) Matthew Thornton, President.
Exeter, the fifth day of September, A. D. 1775.

(signed) E. Thompson, Secretary.

About this time, Hon. Samuel
Liver more, the eminent lawyer of
Portsmouth, with whom General Sul-
livan had studied his profession, and
who was afterwards chief justice and
senator in congress, removed to the
town of Holderness, across the river
from Plymouth, and occupied the
beautiful farm, the site of Trinity
church and churchyard, and where,
at present, the Holderness School for
Boys is established, and the residence
of the family of the late Arch-Deacon
Balch stands. Between Livermore
and Webster a friendship sprang up
which ceased only with their lives.
Arthur, the son of Samuel, was after-

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

wards on the bench, and the grand-
son of Samuel, the present Arthur
Livermore, also of the Grafton Coun-
ty bar, who now resides at Brough-
ton House, Manchester, Eng., has
furnished me with some reminis-
cences of Colonel Webster in his
later years, which I print further on.
The change from the cultivated cir-
cles and beautiful old mansions of
Portsmouth to the forests of Grafton
county was a sharp one for Judge
Livermore. But he helped make the
wilderness blossom as the rose, built
a fine homestead, and elevated the
tone of the new community.

When the historic battle of Bunker
Hill came to be fought, at which it is
pretty certain there were more New
Hampshire men than Massachusetts
men, and when John Stark led the
left wing of the colonists with 2,000
New Hampshire men in three regi-
ments, it is said that the sound of the
battle was heard at Plymouth, and
that Webster immediately gathered
what force he could and hurried to
the spot, and was able to bring back
■such an account as inspired the
friends of independence.

Webster was active in encouraging
enlistments and providing munitions
under the orders of the congress of
the colony. The following copy of a
vote of the congress, August 28, 1775,
shows what slender resources they
had and what care they took.

" In Congress, Aug. 28th, 1775.

" Whereas, by order of Congress under cer-
tain conditions then expressed, a barrel of gun-
powder was put into the hands of Col. David
Webster, of Plymouth. It is now voted that
said Webster for the present have custody
thereof, and not part with any part unless by
order of Congress, the Committee of Safety, or
■an attack of the enemy.

" A copy att.: E. Thompson, Clerk.

" Colony Powder."

In June, 1777, upon the retreat
from Ticonderoga, Lieutenant-Colo-
nel Webster marched from Plymouth
with a detachment, collected there
and in the adjacent towns, but did
not arrive in time to take part. The
retreat of the Americans from Ticon-
deroga greatly disheartened the peo-
ple, but resulted in spurring them to
renewed exertions and increased en-
listments. Col. John Stark, whose
name was a tower of strength, took
command of the new levies, at
Charlestown, and marched for Ben-
nington, Vt., where the British were
moving to capture our military stores.
Stark's famous victory in the ensu-
ing battle, at that place, filled the
country with hope and led to a deter-
mination to take the offensive against
General Burgoyne. Stark found that
Burgoyne would try to retreat to
Canada, and moved in his rear, cap-
turing Fort Edward, to cut off re-
treat. General Burgoyne's plan of
campaign had been ably formed,
but after the battle of Bennington he
was placed on the defensive. The
Eleventh New Hampshire, with
Lieutenant-Colonel Webster, has-
tened to join the main army of the
American General Gates. Capt.
Amos Webster, brother of Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Webster, took part in
the battle of Stillwater, and wrote a
letter to his brother giving some ac-
count of that battle. I copy the let-
ter which is still extant, in the pos-
session of a descendant, —

"Stillwater, Sept. 29, 1777.

"To you, loving brother, —

" I embrace this opportunity to write you, to
let you know I am in good health, and I hope
this will find 3'ou the same. I would inform
you that on the 19th instant we had a fight
with the enemy. We, with two thousand men,
fought Burgoyne's whole army ; the battle
lasted about seven hours; a steady fire. I,

IOO

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

with my company, was in the warmest part of
the fire, but, through the goodness of God, I
escaped, and am well. Our killed was seventy-
three, and one hundred and fifty wounded ;
by the last account of the enemy, there were
one thousand dead, taken and wounded the
same. The enemy are a mile, or thereabouts,
off. We hear that General Burgoyne is mor-
tally wounded. Time being short, I shall write
no more, but I remain, your loving brother,

" Amos Webster.
" Col. David Webster."

Captain Webster, as he wrote, es-
caped at Stillwater, but fell at Sara-
toga, shortly after, at the head of his
company. His last words were, that
victory gained, he died content. Gen-
eral Burgoyne fell back on Saratoga,
and here took place the decisive bat-
tle of the Revolution, resulting in the
surrender of the entire British army
as prisoners of war, October 17, 1777.
At that battle, the New Hampshire
troops were under the command of
Lieutenant - Colonel Webster, and
Colonels Bellows and Morey, of Or-
ford. No state could exhibit a
nobler roll of colonels than New
Hampshire with these, and Cilley,
Reid, Bedel, Hale, Adams, Poor, and
Scammel. Colonel Webster's joy as
a patriot was dimmed by the loss of
his brother (as stated above), the
Captain, next younger than himself.
Captain Amos had been lieutenant in
the Third New Hampshire Continen-
tal regiment the previous year.

In the work by Creasy, entitled,
" The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the
World," it is said: "No military
event can be said to have exercised
a more important influence on the
future fortunes of mankind than the
complete defeat of Burgoyne's Expe-
dition in 1777, at Saratoga, — a defeat
which rescued the revolted colonies
from certain subjugation, and which,
by inducing the courts of France and
Spain to attack England in their be-

half, insured the independence of the
United States and the formation of
that trans- Atlantic power, which, not
only America, but Europe and Asia
now see and feel."

On the day after the surrender
Webster and his regiment were dis-
charged. The following is a copy of
the discharge, now held by a de-
scendant :

" Headquarters, Saratoga, Oct. 18, 1777.
" These May Certify that Col. Webster, with
a Regiment of N. H. Volunteers, have faith-
fully served in the Northern Army until this
date, and are discharged with honor.
"By Gen. Gate's order.

"Jacob Bayley, Brig. Genl."

David Hobart resigned the office of
colonel of the Eleventh regiment
June 14, 1779 (12 State Papers, 227).
David Webster was chosen colonel
by the assembly in 1779.

For the remainder of the war, Colo-
nel Webster was a member of the
Committee of Safety, and had charge
of supplies for the army and raising
troops by enlistment and draft. June
16, 1780, the president of the state,
Hon. Meshech Weare, addressed
Webster a letter, of which the follow-
ing is a copy, the original held by a

descendant :

"June 16th, 1780.

"Sir: On receipt thereof, you are, without a
moments delay, to give the necessary orders
for raising the quota or proportion of men from
your regiment, which you will find in the acts
herewith sent you. Your men must rendez-
vous at Amherst by the 4th of July next, and
you will take care that a trusty person or per-
sons, conduct them to that place, where a mus-
ter-master will attend, to muster and pay them
travel money from their homes to the place
where they will draw provisions, and a Conti-
nental officer to give them further directions.
A number of acts are sent you that each of your
companies may have one, and, in case you do
not procure the men by the first draft, you will
understand that by the act you are to proceed
in drafting until the number is completed."
" (signed) M. Weare, President.

" Colo. David Webster."

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

101

The following letter of Colonel
Morey to Webster shows the need of
activity in raising men, particularly
for the defense of the Vermont towns :

"Orford, 17th Oct., 1780.
" 9 o'clock Evening.

"To Colo. David Webster.

"Sir: By certain accounts we learn that the
enemy made their appearance in Royalton and
Sharon yesterday, that the former of said towns
is entirely destroyed, and a part of the latter,
the inhabitants taken prisoners and continued
as such, except the women and small children,
who are released. The party is said to be about
two hundred, and, by the last account, which
has just come by Major Child, are making a
stand in Royalton ; by one of the inhabitants
that was taken and has since made his escape,
we learn they shortly expect a reinforcement
of about one thousand. Our men are pushing
on in different quarters, but, as it is uncertain
what the enemy's plan of operation may be,
we think it prudent to call on our neighbors for
assistance. I hope you will exert yourself to
rally what men you can, and send them as
soon as possible. Major Whitcomb with a
party of about 160 set off today morning at day-
break by way of Onion River road, with de-
signs to cut off the enemy's retreat, thereby I
fear Coos is left too naked as to men, and per-
haps a party on Onion River is too powerful
for him. Major Child gives us further intelli-
gence that Colo. Warner with his Regiment is
entirely cut off and Fort George taken. It
seems the enemy take different routes, and use
their utmost to divide our force. You will,
from the accounts I have given you, forward
your men that way it may seem most condu-
cive to our safety. Hope you will take care to
notify the regiment below you of our circum-
stances. From yours, in haste,

" Your most obt. and very humble servant,

" Israel Morey.

"Colo. Webster."

December 5, 1784, Webster was
made colonel of the Fourteenth regi-
ment. His commission is preserved,
and the following is a copy :

The State of New Hampshire.
State of New Hampshire
(seal)
To David Webster, Esquire,
Greeting :
We, reposing especial Trust and Confidence
in your Fidelity, Courage and good Conduct,
Do, by these Presents, constitute and appoint
you, the said David Webster, Colonel of the

Fourteenth Regiment of Militia, in the said
State of New Hampshire. You are therefore
carefully and diligently to discharge the Duty
of a Colonel in leading, ordering and exercis-
ing said Regiment in Arms, both inferior offi-
cers and Soldiers, and to keep them in good
Order and Discipline ; hereby commanding
them to obey you as their Colonel, and your-
self to observe and follow such Orders and In-
structions as you shall from Time to Time re-
ceive from the Commander-in-chief of the
Army, Navy and Military Forces of said State
for the Time being, or any your Superior Offi-
cers for the Service of said State, according to
Military Rules and Discipline pursuant to the
Trust reposed in you, and to hold said Office
during good Behaviour.

In Testimony Wheroof, we have caused
the Seal of said State to be hereunto affixed.

Witness, Meshech Weare, Esq., President

of our said State, at Exeter, the twenty-fifth

day of December, Anno Domini, 17S4, and of

the Sovereignty and Independence of the

United States of America, the ninth.

M. Weare.
By His Excellency's command :

E. Thompson, Secretary.

State of New Hampshire,
Grafton, ss.
David Webster, Esq., within named, took
and subscribed the oath of office agreeable to-
the law and Constitution.

Samuel Eivermore j
Saml Emerson )

Comissn.

When the time came for consider-
ing the adoption of the Constitution
of the United States, Webster stood
with his friend, Samuel Ljvermore,
in favor of the proposed new govern-
ment. The feeling of the people was
about equally divided, and Webster's
influence was of great value. Chief
Justice Livermore was undoubtedly
the ablest in argument of any man on
the floor of the Exeter convention.
Out of 100 members, 70 were against
and 30 for the proposed new govern-
ment. An adjournment was taken,
the friends of the change went to
work, and, on the assembling again,
the vote was 57 to 47 for the United
States constitution. The adoption by
New Hampshire, as the ninth state,,
set the new government in motion.

102

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

Elected sheriff by the assembly,
August 3, 1779, 8 State Papers, 826.

Webster was appointed sheriff of
Grafton county in 1785, and retained
the office until his resignation, in
1809, a period of twenty-four years.
The red coat, drawn sword, and
cocked hat of that officer are still
matters of tradition in that county.
Copies of his commission and letter
of resignation are here given, as il-
lustrative of that period.

The State of New Hampshire,
(seal)
David Webster, Esquire. Greeting :

We, reposing much trust and confidence in
your Fidelity, Skill and Ability, have consti-
tuted and appointed, and by These Presents Do
constitute and appoint you, the said David
Webster, Sheriff of the County of Grafton,
within the said State ; And you are required
and commanded to do and execute All Things in
due manner which shall belong to the Office of
Sheriff within the said State. And you are au-
thorized to appoint an under-Sheriff or under-
Sheriffs, and Deputy or Deputies under you
from time to time, as you shall see occasion.
And we hereby give and grant unto you all the
Fees, Rights, Profits, Privileges, Perquisites
and Emoluments of the said Office of Sheriff
belonging or any ways appertaining according
to law.

To Have and to hold the said Office and
Place of Sheriff, with all the Fees, Rights,
Profits, Privileges, Perquisites and Emolu-
ments to the same belonging as aforesaid to
You, the said David Webster, during Good Be-
havior.

In Testimony Whereof We have caused the
Seal of the said State to be hereunto affixed.
Witness Meshech Weare, Esquire, President of
■our said State, at Exeter, the twenty-fifth day
of March, Anno Domini 1785, and of the Sover-
eignty and Independence of the United States

■of America, the ninth.

•(signed) M. Weare.
By His Excellency's Command
with advice of Council :

Joseph Pearson, Dep'ty Secy.

State of New Hampshire,
Rockingham, ss.

Exeter, April 25th, 1785.

David Webster within named personally ap-
peared and took and subscribed the oath of
fidelity and oath of office as Sheriff for the
County of Grafton.

Coram Josiah Bartlett

Joseph Gilnian, Commissioners.

After a quarter of a century Sheriff
Webster sent the governor the follow-
ing letter :

" Plymouth, June 19th, 1809.

" Sir: At an early period in our revolution-
ary war I was appointed Sheriff of the County
of Grafton, and have continued in the execu-
tion of the office to the present time. Desirous
now to be at rest, and pass the evening of my
life in retirement, I hereby resign to your Ex-
cellency and the Honorable Council my office
of Sheriff, and pray the Executive to inform
me to whom I shall deliver the keys of the
prison, the bonds, and whatever pertains to the
office of Sheriff.

" I have the honor to be, with great respect,
your Excellency's obedient and very humble
servant,

David Webster."

" His Excellency,
Governor Smith."

After his resignation of the office
of sheriff Colonel Webster passed his
time in rest and quietness. He did
not listen to the rude alarms of the
War of 181 2, but many of his kins-
folk took part in that struggle.
After the peace of 18:5, the old pa-
triot continued to be a rugged figure
in northern New Hampshire, as well
known as "The Old Man of the
Mountain " itself,— the " Great Stone
Face" of Nathaniel Hawthorne. I
am able to lay before my readers a
sketch of Colonel Webster, as he
then appeared, from the facile and
accomplished pen of the Hon. Arthur
L,ivermore, a grandson of Colonel
Webster's fast friend, Chief Justice
Samuel Livermore. Mr. Livermore
is a native of Holderness, of the
Dartmouth class of 1829, and a mem-
ber of the Grafton County bar, but
now an octogenarian, is living in re-
tirement at Broughton House, Man-
chester, Eng. He writes me as
follows :

" It must have been as early as 1818, that I,
with a younger brother, had crossed the river

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

103.

from Holderness to Plymouth under the care of a
maidservant, or our governess. We were within
a hundred yards of Col. David Webster's house,
which was then opposite the site of the pres-
ent Pemigewasset House, and we were pro-
ceeding in that direction when we overtook the
said Colonel Webster. I perfectly knew his
form, for I had often seen him. But a sort of
awe, with the basbfulness of childhood, made
me averse to contact with him ; and I resolved
upon a rainbow or flank movement for avoid-
ing it. But the old man saw me, of course,
and hailed me, and asked me for my name, in
the harsh voice which converted into terror the
vague awe the sight of him had created, and
confirmed my purpose of avoiding him. I had
not the wit to pass on silently, pretending not
to have heard his question, but, resolutely pur-
suing my course I irresolutely replied, ' I
cannot tell.' The rear of my party soon came
up, while I was still near enough to hear him
say to them, ' There is a boy who says that he
cannot tell his name.'

" Col. Webster was fully up to the aver-
age stature, and was not corpulent, but was
portly. His walk was slow, and he supported
himself by two very long canes, in the use of
which his arms were extended nearly on the
level of his shoulders. He wore, what I am
led by a process of negative induction to pro-
nounce to have been, a three-cocked hat, I feel
sure only, that it was not a hat of any other
sort known to me. It is, moreover, certain that
three-cocked hats were not unknown to con-
servative heads at a time a little anterior ; for
Mr. Austin, father of the victim of Selfridge's
pistol, and who subscribed ' Honestus ' to his
political lamppoons, was in his turn satirized
by Robert Treat Paine thus :

' Old Honestus's three-cocked hat,
Cover for wisdom and fat and fat."

Austin was a remarkably lean old man.

"Never was childish fear or aversion more
misplaced than was mine on the occasion de-
scribed ; for the old man who asked me for my
name knew perfectly who I was, and would
have given me both his canes to do me a pleas-
ure.

"My grandfather, Samuel Livermore, came
to Holderness to stay, in the winter of 1775-6,
but had made sundry visits to make things
ready on the farm he was to occupy upon the
Pemigewasset, exactly where it curves into
Plymouth. At this place he found Col. Web-
ster fully established, in his retirement from
arduous military service, particularly in Major
Robert Rogers's troop of ' Rangers.' This
troop had been organized by the recommenda-
tion of General Lord Amherst, for irregular
operation against the Indians in the Lake

Country. Half a century ago, visiting Lake
George, I was shown a rough precipice, which
bore the name of ' Rogers's Slide ' in memory
of the intrepid fighter. Now this Major Rog-
ers, and the Samuel Livermore named, had
married daughters of the Rev. Arthur Browne.
And thus a mutual interest was created be-
tween the two adventurers in the wilds of New
Hampshire. Webster recognized in the new
comer, one upon whom had fallen the mantle
of his honored chief, while the stranger grate-
fully accepted the other's loyalty, so staunch
as to endure, and to honor generations then to
succeed Robert Rogers. The Ranger survives
now as little better than a shadow or a myth.
But in his day, he was a strong attraction to
his brave troop. Among these were Gen.
Stark, who defied the orders of Washington,
who for some cause distrusted Rogers and in-
terdicted all communications between him and
the American camp. Stark said, ' I am honored
to see and to do honor to my old command-
er!' The frown of Washington made poor
Rogers a refugee, and he fled to England,
where he lived on a few shillings a day,
awarded by the overburdened British govern-
ment at that time.

"Col. David Webster was Sheriff of the
County of Grafton from 1779 to 1809, when he
gave place to William Tarleton. The change
was caused by the shifting political humor of
the day, whatever may have been the color of
the alleged motives. But it may not be imper-
tinent to mind the undeniable fact that the
Sheriff had determined from the beginning of
his incumbency, upon a wise economy of its
emoluments, for the benefit of his own family
during the whole term ; four, at least, of his
sons, were his deputies. One who knew them
all, cannot, without a disposition to mirth, try
to imagine a quiet cultivation of a mountain
farm in Holderness, armed with a capias and
conveying his neighbor to Haverhill jail, for a
debt of $6.66 ! ' Days of small things.'

"Tarleton, the successor of Webster, was a
sincere Democrat, and could imagine no better
qualification for office than sound and absolute
democracy. Consequently, Webster's deputies
were retired at once, while picked men from
every canton of the elect in the County, were
substituted. But, alas for the plans of ' mice
and men,' it was soon found 10 the ruin of poor
Tarleton and of many besides that democracy,
pure and simple, was not the security the occa-
sion demanded. As the frogs regretted the
tranquil reign of King Log, the people of Graf-
ton bemoaned the loss of their old, well-sea-
soned sheriff, — nepotism and all.

"The early training of Webster, campaign-
ing and scouting, may account fairly for a mili-
tary habit of his mind, and for the careful pre-

io4

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

servation of the red dress-coat that kept alive
the memories of his youth. If he clothed him-
self with that coat, on occasions of public cere-
mony, the fact is by no means past belief ; for
Col. Brewster, who came in eight years after
Webster's retirement, always on such public
days wore a coat with a red collar and innum-
erable bright buttons He also carried a hand-
some dress-sword. After the expiration of his
fifteen years of unexceptionable service, his
successor came in the garb of a prosperous day-
laborer, and, instead of the sword, armed with
a club; the cane he had selected, for its great
size, deserved no other name. The learned
and upright judge is the substance of his court.
A well-appointed and graceful sheriff is its
proper adorning.

" In the red coat, the cocked hat, and the
loyal heart of the old Col. Webster and some
of his children, one traces a little harmless and
pleasant dramatic ' motive.' The play is 'The
Ranger;' and Samuel Liverniore and a son in
succession take the 'title-role.' The sheriff
and his generation had long ago gone to their
rest, and age had settled upon the second ; of
whom most had followed their fathers. One
remaining was plainly drawing near the end of
life, and sent for my father, Arthur Livermore.
' They trouble me, Judge, by insisting that I
have no ground for hope as to a future life,
unless I have a change of heart. I do not un-
derstand ! What am I to do ? I do not sup-
pose that I have always been a very good man ;
nor, indeed, a very bad one, as things go. You
have been at all times my friend, and I have
often taken good counsel from you. So I have
sent for you, now that I greatly need it.'
' David,' was the reply, ' do n't mind one word

of what those people tell you It is all d d

nonsense.' ' Well, I suspected as much, and I
thank you for telling me.'

"The sheriff is, by virtue of his office, keeper
of the county jail, but, in general, he creates a
deputy for performing the duties of that posi-
tion. Sheriff Webster, however, whether for
thrift or other motive, did for a time do duty
himself as jailer, living in the appurtenant
rooms set apart for the accommodation of that
functionary and his family. It was during the
term of that residence that an event of a most
tragic r.ature and impressive consequence oc-
curred. One Burnham and two other men
were in occupancy of one of the rooms of the
jail, as prisoners for debt. Burnham was ap-
parently one of those ill-conditioned persons
whom nobody loves, but everyone likes to
worry and ridicule. He was, accordingly, very
soon at variance with his two associates, who,
being the majority in number, were not dis-
posed to set fair limits to their exasperating
(though really harmless) practices upon the

irascible temper of Burnham. But they pushed
their victim too far ; so that, availing himself
of a moment when an awkward exigence held
one of the men helpless, he fell upon both in
succession and killed them. Of course when
the attendant came as usual with breakfast for
three, Burnham alone appeared to take the
benefit of it. It is easy to imagine the conster-
nation the event created in the quiet little vil-
lage of Haverhill, and what crowds of people
hurried to the scene. Among them, late in the
day, quietly came the lawyer, through whose
professional agency the two murdered men
had been committed to jail, and who mani-
festly had been speculating upon the effect the
deplorable act might have upon his client ; and
whether anything might be gathered up from
the offal to recoup impending loss. ' What are
you going to do with the dead men, Mr.
Sheriff?' ' Oh, I am making preparations to
bury them.' 'But are you safe in doing so?'
'What says your precept?' 'And him safely
keep until discharged by due course of law /'
'Is the act of murder in the 'due course of
law?"' Webster paused, for though a man of
strong common sense, he feared the lawyers,
of whom he knew only that they took a very
different view of things from the obvious one
in which the same things presented them-
selves to the common mind. Then, address-
ing the lawyer, — ' What am I to do ? . If the
bodies are left here, they will in three days
stink so that nobody can live in the house.'
The lawyer was ingenious, and by this time
began to hope for a compromise with the
sheriff. But he took one step more and lost.
'You might salt them.' ' Salt human bodies!'

replied the sheriff, ' I '11 be d d if I do ; but,

before another day closes, I will find out what
my duty is, and will do it.' He mounted his
horse, and riding all night, 'over height, over
hollow,' by the roughest of new roads, arrived
at the house of the Chief Justice in Holderness
at the moment that breakfast was being served.
It need not be stated that his body was soon re-
freshed and his heart set at ease, by the hospi-
talities of the house, and the counsel and as-
surance he received from the Judge. The two
murdered men were buried; and, in due
course, the wicked man was executed on the
summit known as 'Magazine Hill,' between
Haverhill Corner and the Oliverian brook.
The sheriff himself was present and presided
as hangman, in the sight of an immense multi-
tude, gathered from all quarters, far and near,
to witness the ghastly spectacle. (Ex-Presi-
dent Cleveland once performed the same duty.)
" The epithets used for denoting the charac-
ters of men must be taken in a sense of com-
parison with other men ; and the things they
do or suffer derive their just significance

COLONEL DAVID WEBSTER.

105

large!}- from surrounding circumstances of the
one hundred and sixty years that have gone
by since the day of the birth of Colonel David
Webster, the first sixty, coinciding pretty
nearly with his life, were filled with secular
events, so impressive of themselves, and of con-
sequences so grave, that the succeeding moiety
of the term may aptly be termed a sedimentary
period. The prevailing quiet had enabled men
to cherish the arts that minister to individual,
domestic and social happiness, and which
were, of necessity, disregarded in the strife of
the nations. The people (of New Hampshire,
at least) were poor. They lived frugally, and,
in general, died insolvent. The means of edu-
cation were scanty, and, in all the levels of
life, men trusted generally to the resources of
native wit for carrying them through every
crisis. There were in Plymouth two or three
lawyers. The eldest of them had grown into
such familiarity with the routine of his profes-
sion that, as it was said, he had only one writ,
or blank, for all his entries. The party im-
pleaded was induced to acknowledge service,
thus saving the sheriff's fee, and in the sequel
was held to pay upon what the lawyer was
pleased to call an ' execution.' But a younger
man came, and, having had intimation of the
nature of his senior's practices, on one occa-
sion asked to see his writ. ' Certainly,' said
Senior, ' I will bring it into Court this after-
noon.' But the document was not brought,
and Junior renewed his request. ' What the
devil do you want to see my writ for? Did
you never see a writ?'

" In those days, one tallow candle sufficed
(two were sumptuous) for lighting the parlor.
In the kitchen, all that was required was one
for guiding the w ? ay to the cellar. Men clothed
themselves with tow in summer, and with the
same material for shirts through the year. A
farm laborer had for his wages eighty dollars a
year, in commodities. There was little in the
country that could rightly be called property.
The few possessions one chanced to have re-
sembled rather the properties of the actor, —
yielding something to the dexterous manipula-
tion of their owner, but otherwise a worthless
rag. If the judges had any learning in the law,
they were forced to conceal it, or to submit to the
ridicule awarded to pedants. In short, few or
none were qualified by education for the posi-
tions of responsibility, or by the moderate
measure of wealth that might have made them
independent in discharging the duties of such
positions. Col. Webster was at least three
times appointed to the honorable and highly
responsible office of sheriff, in spite of defi-
ciencies in education, and in spite of poverty.
Frugality, — parsimony, even, — was the normal
condition of life, that was little else than a

struggle against things that war against it
The appointment of his sons as his deputies
was begun at the outset and continued to the
end of his official life, in his seventy-third year,
— a point at which men are commonlj- consid-
ered to have had enough of its toils and its
honors.

"Among his contemporaries in the office of
Sheriff are found the" names of Thomas Bel-
lows of Walpole, Oliver Peabody of Exeter,
Moses Kelly of Hopkinton, and James Carr of
Somersworth. With some of these names is
connected the tradition of the highest personal
worth and social position. To have been
chosen into such a peerage creates a prestige
that cannot justly be disregarded in forming an
estimate of the character of Colonel Webster."

One of Colonel Webster's contem-
poraries wrote concerning him that
"he became proprietor of valuable
intervale lands, which, as the settle-
ments increased, grew to a handsome
estate. He was an enterprising,
brave, liberal, honest, and useful
man. He possessed the resolute
spirit, and had the powerful consti-
tution necessary and peculiar to the
early settlers. He retained a re-
markable degree of vigor and health
until very near the close of his long
life. He had survived nearly all his
fellow-settlers, and passed his later
years in the midst of a new gen-
eration."

Colonel Webster died in 1824, at
the age of eighty-six, and was buried
in the churchyard of Trinity Episco-
pal church in Holderness. Near by
are the tombs of Samuel and Arthur-
Livermore, his old and distinguished
friends, whose public services, valu-
able as they were, have passed from
the memories of men.

It is- historical that slavery existed
in New Hampshire, by law, in the
time of Colonel Wtbster, and he was
the owner of two slaves, whose bodies
are buried beside that of their master.
The original bill of sale of those two

io6

EYES.

slaves is now in the possession of a
great-granddaughter of Colonel Web-
ster, and I copy it, in full, on account
of its rare and curious interest, —

" Know all Men by these Presents, that I,
Jacob Whittier, of Methuen in the County of
Essex, in the Province of Massachusetts Bay,
in New England, Yeoman, in consideration of
the sum of Sixty pounds, lawful money, paid
me, or secured by a note of hand, from David
Webster, of Plymouth, in the Province of New
Hampshire, Gentleman, have sold, and by
these presents, do sell, unto the said David
Webster, one negro-man, named ' Ciscow,' and
one negro-woman, named ' Dinah,' wife of said
' Ciscow,' both being servants for life, and now
in my possession ; To Have and To Hold the
said negroes, during the natural life of each of
them respectively, to the said David Webster,
his heirs and assigns, according to common
usage, and the laws of said Province.

" In Witness Whereof I have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the thirteenth of December,
Anno Domini, 1769, in the tenth year of his
Majesty's reign.

"(signed) Jacob Whittier (seal)
" Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence
of us,

" Ebenr Barker
" Abigail Barker."

We have now finished our review
of the life of Colonel Webster. He
was a type of a class, — that wonder-

ful race of men who were produced
between 1640 and 1790 in New Eng-
land, from the stock of the British
Isles. They had that strain of gov-
erning blood that seems wanting in
the Latin and Slavonian and African
races.

Colonel Webster served well his
generation and " fell on sleep." We
may apply to him and his compa-
triots the old verse, —

" Their bones are dust :
Their good swords rust ;
Their souls are with the Saints, I trust."

As I write, in May, 1898, New
Hampshire regiments are forming for
a foreign war, with Spain. Major
Frank W. Russell, of Plymouth,
great-grandson of Col. David Web-
ster, and William and Walter Rus-
sell, his great-great-grandsons, have
volunteered. Major Frank is a
graduate of West Point, where his
son, George Moor, is now a cadet.

So the fighting spirit of the Revo-
lutionary colonel has come down to
his descendants.

A song for laughing eyes,

A gleam with sure delight,
Bringing the old earth joy,

Braving the gloom of night,
Happy where 'er they go,

Sunny or dark the skies,
Here 's to their magic sweet, —

A song for laughing eyes.

A song for love lit eyes,

'Neath lashes dark or brown

Beaming at words of praise,
Tearful if Love should frown.

EYES.
Moses Gage Shirley.

Holding life's fairest hopes,
Thrilling with glad surprise,

We are thy captives all, —
A song for love-lit eyes.

A song for tired eyes,

Closing at last to sleep,
Wrapped with a mystic balm

Of endless silence deep.
After life's toilsome strife,

Failing to win the prize,
Death will thou bring them peace, -

A song for tired eyes.

A WINTER SONG.
By C. C. Lord.

Down in the vale, where a sunbeam glows,

One little spot of earth is bare ;
Freshness smiles till the south wind blows —

Till the snow fades everywhere.

Under the slope, where the moss is green,

One little rill is free and clear ;
Lightness trips through the frozen scene

Till the bounding brooks appear.

Low in the hedge, where the day is mild,
One little bird is blithe and sings ;

Gladness wakes, though the blast is wild,
Till the air with music rings.

Deep in the heart, though sad, when true,

One little hope is e'er in sight ;
Love endures all the winter through

Till the spring comes, warm and bright.

TO MT. MADISON.
By Thomas Littlefield Marble.

Stern sentinel of all the massive ran^e,

Impervious alike to winter's blast

And to the soft, sweet wooing of the spring,

Thy granite ribs encase a soldier's heart,

Which warms with pain at summer's burning kiss.

But leaves no outward semblance of effect

Upon thy rugged brow. The lightning's flash,

The thunder's roar, and all the elements

At war can stagger not thy stalwart frame ;

And when, at length, the clouds of battle lift,

We see thee, with thy summit, sword-like drawn,

Erect, in all the dignity of strife.

And yet these agencies of Love and Force

Shall, in the far, far distant future, win ;

And thou, O structure of all-potent God,

Must fall before the ceaseless siege of Time.

xxx— 8

DARBY FIELD

AND MISCELLANEOUS NOTES RELATING TO OTHERS BY THE NAME OF

FIELD WHO HAVE LIVED WITHIN THE LIMITS

OF ANCIENT DOVER.

By Litcien Thompson.

ARBY FIELD subscribed
the Exeter combination
of 1639 and settled on
what was then debatable
land between Exeter and
Dover proper, known as the Oyster
River settlement, now Durham, where
Darby Field owned land as early as
1639. *

"Darby Field is described by
Winthrop as an Irishman, though
some slight evidence has been dis-
covered to connect his patronynic
with the Hutchinson family. He ap-
peared in Exeter as one of the
grantees of the Indian deed of April
3, 1638, and witnessed the deed of
confirmation of Watohantowet, April
10, 1639. He had no share in the
first division of lands, but was a sub-
scriber of the combination. He is
noted as the first European who vis-
ited the White Mountains, which he
did in 1642. In 1645, he was living
at Oyster River, now Durham, and
he died in 1649, leaving children." 2

[The evidence that Governor Bell
had in mind was probably "a John
Field married at Boston, England, 18
August 1607 Ellen Hochinsou " (or
Hutchinson) 3 .]

Most writers regard him as one of
the early settlers of Exeter, but there
is no proof that he ever lived there. 4
Francis Matthews 5 also signed the
combination and settled at Oyster
River on land near that of Darby
Field.

A writer in the Boston Herald
states that " He settled in Dover,
where he died, leaving a widow and
numerous children. Some of the
family moved to. Rhode Island and
others to Connecticut, and have per-
petuated the name in other states.
That Mr. Field was above the aver-
age not only in courage and daring,
but in intelligence and quickness to
resent what he considered imperti-
nence, may be seen from the follow-
ing story. Tradition points to Mr.
Field as the ' intelligent citizen ' re-
ferred to below : ' A famous Puritan
divine from Massachusetts was ad-
dressing the people of Dover and re-
proving them for departing from the
good habits of the Puritans, when an
intelligent citizen arose and corrected
the minister saying, "We are a dif-
ferent race from them ; instead of
coming here for religious purposes,
the object of our ancestors was to

1 " Landmarks in Ancient Dover," by Miss Mary
P. Thompson, page 71.

2 "History of Exeter," by Hon. C. H. Hell, pages
14.18,25. "Boston Herald, Dec., 1891, article on

3 " Wentworth Genealogy," Vol. I, pages 71, 72, 75. Field," by John I!. Regan.

4 " Landmarks in Ancient Dover," page 71.
•"• " ETistory of Exeter," pages 18,30.

' Darby

DARBY FIELD.

109

lumber, fish, and trade, and instead
of departing from their good exam-
ple, we have improved on them." ' "

[This anecdote is given in "New
Hampshire Churches," by Hazen,
page 12. in nearly the same words,
but does not state the name of the
" intelligent citizen."]

Darby Field signed the Exeter
Combination by making his mark 7 ,
others did the same, and at least one
of those who made his mark could
write a neat signature, that he was
intelligent, etc., we have ample proof
in his account of the discovery of the
White Mountains, etc. Belknap 8
gives this discovery under date of
1632 and states that (Captain Walter)
" Neal set out on foot, in company
with Jocelyn and Darby Field." The
visit to the White Mountains by
Darby Field should be referred to the
year 1642, under which see the ac-
count of it as given by Winthrop. 9

Savage 10 questions the accuracy of
Belknap, stating " A greater mistake
is, however, chargeable on Belknap,
in making Josselyn the companion of
Neal, who was gone home four years
before Josselyn came over. Nor did
Josselyn make the journey according
to his own account, before his second
voyage to New England in 1663.
That Neal ever went to the White
Mountains is not rendered probable
by any authors cited by Belknap ;
and as the circumstances would have
been for him a great matter of boast-

ing, we may be confident of the first
journey of Field."

[In " History of New Castle, page
19, we find Capt. Walter Neal cred-
ited with discovery of the White
Mountains.]

"One Darby Field, an Irishman,
living about Pascataquak being ac-
companied by the Indians, went to
the top of the White Mountains." 11

William Beard 1 " conveyed to Fran-
cis Matthews, 13 June 16, 1640, his
house and land at Oyster River,
"next adjoining y c land of Darby
Afield." Darby Field was still living
at Oyster River in 1644, when he
was licensed to sell wine. This was,
no doubt, at' Durham Point, where
stood his dwelling-house, which, with
his land, he conveyed to John Bick-
ford 14 June 17, 1645, 12 when "Darby
ffield of Oyster River in the river of
Pascataqua, county of Norfork, plant-
er," sold John Bickford his dwelling-
house at Oyster River, then " in the
tenure of said Bickford," with a lot
of five or six acres adjoining and all
the land to the creek on the side
toward Little Bay except the'
"breadth" on said creek in posses-
sion of Thomas Willey. 15

Upon the land sold to Bickford
stood later the Bickford garrison,
and here soldiers 11 ' 1 were stationed in
1694, and also in the next two years.
The Bickford garrison long since dis-
appeared. The land where it stood
(the Darby Field land) with the Lit-

7 " History of Exeter," page iS.

8 " History of New Hampshire." by Rev. Jeremy
Belknap, edition 1792, page 19.

'■'Belknap's " History of New Hampshire," Farm-
er's edition page 11, who cites Winthrop'S "New
England "II, 67-68. George's " History of America,
page 48, Prince's "Annals." Vol. II, pages 73, 83,
manuscript in recorder's office.

10 Winthrop's "New England," 11,67, and Farm-
er's " Belknap."

11 Winthrop's "New England," Vol. II, page So,
account given.

12 " Landmarks of Ancient Dover," page 178.

""Landmarks of Ancient Dover," page 71.

14 " Landmarks of Ancient Dover," page 184.

16 " Landmarks of Ancient Dover," page 1S5.

18 " New Hampshire " Provincial Papers," XVII,
pages 645, 657.

DARBY FIELD.

tie Bay on one side, Oyster river on
the other, directly in front the river
Pascataqua, with its verdant isles,
swiftly coursing seaward between
Newington on the right and Back
River district on the left, was ac-
quired about 1829 by John Mathes, a
direct descendant of the above-men-
tioned Francis Mathews, and within
a few years this land passed into the
possession of Hon. Jeremiah Langley,
who still owns the same. 17

On the Dover rate-list we find " 19 th
io ,no 1648 Darby Field (roted at) /81
(and to pay) £i-js.V

Darby Field's name does not ap-
pear on the "rate-list" of 8 th io ,no
1649, though he had a case in court
in 1649, and by most writers is sup-
posed to have died that year. How-
ever, he died prior to 1 651, as Am-
brose Gibbons was appointed "Ad-
ministrator of y e estate of darby ffield 18
deceased, at y c court holden in Dover
y e 1, 8 mo (16)51."

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES RELATING TO
OTHERS BY THE NAME OF FIELD
WHO HAVE LIVED WITHIN THE
LIMITS OF ANCIENT DOVER.

Joseph Field was taxed at Oyster
River in 1657, and was a brother of
Zacharius Field who settled in the
Back River^district. " They are sup-
posed to have been the sons of Darby
Field." 19

There was a small marsh in the
Durham Point district mentioned in
the Durham records of 1764 as next
the parsonage lands. The county
records speak of Nicholas Follet's

dwelling-house, July 22, 1680, as
standing on land adjoining Joseph
Field's marsh. Land" near the meet-
ing-house and Stevenson's creek, on
the south side of Oyster river, was
conveyed June 26, 1664, by John
Goddard to William Williams, Sr.,
who sold this land to Joseph Field,
June 18, 1674, and this land Zacha-
rius Field, brother of Joseph, con-
veyed to John Davis, son of Moses,
December n, 1710; John Davis and
Abigail, his wife, conveyed to Daniel
Davis, May 22, 17 19, land and men-
tioned meeting-house and land
granted Joseph Field and located
south of Oyster river.

John Drew, in his will of January
31, 1721, gives his daughter Sarah,
wife of John Field, land in same lo-
cality, which said Drew had bought
of Zacharius Field, administrator of
Joseph Field's estate. 20 John Field
and Sarah (Drew married January
16, 1706, by Rev. John Pike) convey
to Joseph Hicks, August 1, 1748,
land bequeathed to said Sarah bv her
father, John Drew (in same locality).

A deed of Thomas Dayton, Sr., to
his son, Thomas Dayton, Jr., Febru-
ary 13, 1670, was bounded in part by
land of Joseph Field's in the Back
River district near the Meader land
(which was near Pascataqua bridge),
and on the opposite side of Oyster
river, from previously mentioned
land of Joseph Field, and land in this
section was laid out to his brother
Zacharius, September 24, 1695. 21

Joseph Field's name appeared upon
a petition' 22 , May 19, 1669, for Oyster
River to be made a separate to'wn-

17 " Landmarks in Ancient Dover," page 185.
" " Landmarks in Ancient Dover," page ;r.
u> " Landmarks in Ancient Dover," page 71.

"0" Landmarks in Ancient Dover," pages 241, 242.

21 " Landmarks in Ancient Dover," page 221.

— New Hampshire " Provincial Papers," Vol I,
pages 308, 309.

DARBY FIELD.

ii i

ship, and upou another petition in
16SS.' 23 He was a lot layer.

Mary Field was married in New-
bury, Mass., to John Woodman (the
son of Edward Woodman of New-
bury), July 15, 1656, and they re-
moved to Oyster River, where Capt.
John Woodman built his noted garri-
rison. Mary (Field) Woodman died
Jul} r 6, 1698, and it is not known
whether she was a relative of Darby
Field or not.

Among the descendants of Capt.
John and Mary (Field) Woodman
might be mentioned Hon. Ebenezer
Thompson, first secretary of state of
New Hampshire ; the late Maj. A. B.
Thompson, also secretary of this state
for many years ; Mrs. O. C. Moore of
Nashua; Miss Frances E. Willard,
the late president of the Woman's
Temperance Union ; Minerva B. Nor-
ton of Beloit, Wis., Prof. John Smith
W T oodman, Miss Mary P. Thompson.

" Stecnoi Jones maried to Eliza-
beth ffield 28 Jan. 1663 by Capt.
Waldren."- 5 Was she a daughter
of Darby Field ? The descendants
of the above couple are numerous,
and the Stephen Jones farm is now
owned by the heirs of the late Will-
iam F. Jones.

Zacharias Field signed a petition
in 1669 to have Oyster River made a
separate parish and was taxed at
Oyster River in 1664 and owned land
at Back River as early as 1670.' 26
His name appears on the Cocheco
rate-list' 27 of 1680, when he was taxed

3s. $d. He' 28 married the daughter
of John Roberts, son of Thomas
Roberts, Sr., and built Field's garri-
son' 2 '' at Back River (Dover) on the
present " Paul Meserve farm," so
called, near the Back River school-
house, but on the opposite side of
the road. He was a selectman of
Dover in 1695. Twenty acres of
land were laid out to Zacharias Field
September 24, 1695, according to a
grant to his father-in-law, Thomas
Roberts, Sr.,' 27 at Rial's Cove. 21 ' He
was the administrator of his brother
Joseph's estate as previously men-
tioned.

When Mason brought suits against
Dover parties in 1 683-' 84 to dis-
possess the occupants of land, both
Joseph and Zacharias were dispos-
sessed, but not, in fact, for the parties
held possession. March 19, i693-'94,
Zacharias Pitman had a grant of
twenty acres " in ye Dry Pines, 30 be-
tween Jn° Knight's and Zacharias
Field's." This land belonging to
Field became part of the estate of
John Field, deceased, as shown by a
deed November 29, 1762, while an
adjoining strip was sold December
3, 1737, by Daniel, son of Zacharias
Field.

Field's Plains 31 (or Dry Pines) is a
name generally given to the level
sandy tract between Dover and Dur-
ham in the upper part of the Back
River district. It w ? as so named
from Zacharias Field, who acquired
land on these plains more than two
hundred years ago, and built his gar-
rison here.

23 " Belknap," Vol. I, appendix, page 55.

24 " Landmarks in Ancient Dover," page 179.

2 " New Hampshire Historical Society, " Weiit-
worth Genealogy," Vol. I, page 387.

20 " Landmarks in Ancient Dover." page 12.

27 New Hampshire "Provincial Papers," Vol. I,
page 427.

2S " Landmarks," pages 223, 243.
21 " Landmarks," page 221.
30 "Landmarks," page 65.
81 " Landmarks," page 71.

112

HOME'S MAGNET DRAWS US HITHER STILL.

The Rev. John Pike relates that
July 8, 1707, John Bunker and Icha-
bod Rawlins were going with a cart
from Lieut. Zach. Field's garrison to
James Bunker's for a loom, when
they were slain by the Indians. 32

The highway that led to Field's
garrison and thence to Captain Ger-
rish's grist-mill, as y" way goes to
Cochecho i» mentioned March 6,

1 32

17 IO- I I.

In conclusion we have the follow-
ing Fields :

John Field, married, 1607 (as pre-
viously stated) .

Darby Field, 1638 to 1649 or 165 1.

Mary Field, married, 1656, Capt.
John Woodman ; died, 1698.

Joseph Field, 1657, and his broth-
er, Zacharias, 1664.

Elizabeth Field 83 , married, 1663
(as previously stated).

Abigail Field, 33 married to Daniel
Jacob, October 24, 1697, by Rev.
John Pike.

Mary Field married to
Piukham, December 13,
John Pike.

Solomon
1706, by

82 " Landmarks," page 12.

33 " List of Field's," see index to
cal Collections," Vol. I.

Dover Histori-

John Field married, i7o6-'o7, as
previously stated. A John Field
died February 26, 1773. A John
Field, deceased, and his son-in-law,
Paul Giles are mentioned November
29, 1762, and May 9, 176S.

" Zechariah Field married to Han-
nah Evans, Jan 12, 1709-10 by Rev.
John -Pike."

" Daniel feeld, son of Zacharias
feeld Jun r by his wife Hannah, born
the 17 th Day of february 1709."

" Zacharias feeld, son of Zacharias
feeld Jun 1 by his wife Hannah, born
the 9" 1 Day of August 17 12."

Abigail Field baptized October 6,
x 745. by the Rev. John dishing.

Sarah Field .married to Ebenezer
Ham (both of Dover), March 2, 1772,
by Dr. Jeremy Belknap.

Joseph Field of Falmouth and
Elizabeth Hanson of Dover, March
18, 1773, married by Dr. Jeremy Bel-
knap.

Abigail Field and Joseph Meader,
both of Durham, August 8, 1773,
married by Rev. Joseph Adams.

Benjamin Field of Falmouth and
Hannah Hanson, March 24, 1778, by
Dr. Jeremy Belknap.

HOME'S MAGNET DRAWS US HITHER STIEL.
By George Bancroft Griffith.

My fancy picture's many a place,

The grandeur of the long facade,
And each minute and varied grace

That forms the pillar'd colonade.
It paints the old heroic time,

Dong centuries removed from this ;
Proud Athens in its glorious prime,

And shows the famed Acropolis.

HOME'S MAGNET DRAWS US HITHER STILL. 113

The light gondolas solftly glide

Where Venice, like a peerless queen,
Upon the bosom of the tide

In regal loveliness is seen.
But wander, wander where we will,
Home's magnet draws us hither still.

*&■

Ah ! plume thy drooping wings once more,

My Fancy ! let thy mystic spell
Illume the classic Grecian shore,

Where Missolonghi's hero fell.
Afric ! with shadows overcast !

Here may I pause to trace awhile
The ruin'd altars of the past

All o'er the region of the Nile.
Colossal statues guard each shrine ;

There time its crumbling hand forbids ;
Cyrene's necropolis is thine,

And Egypt's towering pyramids.
But wander, wander where we will,
Home's magnet draws us hither still.

"•£> '

O Palestine ? 't were sweet to stay

Awhile beside each hallow'd shrine ;
O'er Tabor's sacred height to stray,

On Carmel's summit to recline.
Such ties more dear than measured notes

Heard o'er the Adriatic sea
The chant where happy oarsman floats,

And fills the air with melody.
So truant thought doth hie away,

So doth my unchecked fancy roam,
Till wearied with the vision gay

It seeks the quiet haunts of home.
Yon forest in the distance blue

Rings with the wildbird's echoed tune,
And noiseless slips my birch canoe

Across the glittering lagoon.
Yes, wander, wander where we will,
Home's magnet draws us hither still.

~„,/>M '

REV. OTIS ROBINSON BACHELER, M. D., D. D.

Rev. Otis Robinson Bacheler, M. D., D. D., the veteran missionary, died
at his late residence in New Hampton, Tuesday, January i, just as the new
century was dawning. He was a good citizen, as well as a man of noble
Christian character, and his death is sincerely mourned by a large circle of
friends on two continents.

He was born in Audover, January 17, 18 17, the son of Odlin and Huldah
L. (Searl) Bacheler. His early education was obtained at Holliston acad-
emy, at Wilbraham, Mass., and Kent's Hill seminary, Kent's Hill, Me.
Later he was in the medical departments of Dartmouth college and of Har-
vard university. The former afterwards conferred upon him the degree of
Doctor of Medicine, and he also received the degree of Doctor of Divinity
from both Hillsdale college, Hillsdale, Mich., and Bates college, Lewis-
ton, Me.

He was ordained in Lowell, Mass., in 1S38, and was married two years
later to Miss Catherine Palmer of New Hampton. Soon after both started
for India to serve as Christian missionaries. Their first station was at Bala-
sore. Shortly after their arrival in India Mrs. Bacheler died.

Dr. Bacheler's second wife was Miss Sarah P. Merrill of Stratham, whom
he married February 26, 1847. She assisted her husband in the missionary
field during the remainder of his long service. Dr. Bacheler's missionary
work extended over a period of fifty-three years. During this time, however,
he visited his native land several times. Since his final return in 1893, he
has resided at New Hampton, where Mrs. Bacheler died some months ago.

Of Dr. Bacheler's children, five are still living. Among these, are Prof.
Albert W. Bacheler, principal of the Gloucester (Mass.) High School, and
Mary W. Bacheler, M. D., who has been in the missionary field for seven-
teen years. She is stationed at Midnapore, the last place at which her father
was located during his stay in India.

Dr. Bacheler was a scholar of marked ability, being conversant with six
languages, and having an extensive knowledge of all the natural sciences.
He had met during his travels a large number of the distinguished men of
his time, including the great scientists, Darwin and Wallace.

The funeral services were held in the Free Baptist church at New Hamp-
ton, Sunday, January 6. Rev. Atwood B. Meservey, D. D., Ph. D., the ven-
erable ex-principal of the New Hampton Literary institution, was to have
preached the sermon, but was prevented by sickness, consequently his

NEW 1 'LIMPS 7 'I IRE NECROLOGY. 115

address was read by Rev. Prof. Shirley J. Case, of the institution. Others
taking part in the services were Rev. J. Buruham Davis, late of Ocean Park,
Me., Rev. Arthur Given, D. D., of Providence, R. I., Rev. Robert Ford, of
Campton, and Rev. George L,. While of New Hampton. Delegations were
present from the three literary societies of the New Hampton Literary insti-
, tution, — the Social Fraternity, the Literary Adelphi, and the Germanae.

HENRY G. CARLETON.

Henry G. Carleton, born in Bucksport, Me., November 30, 1813, died at
Newport, January 22, 1901.

Mr. Carleton was the son of Henry Carleton, an old-time clothier, who
removed from Maine to New London, in this state, when he, Henry G., was
eight years of age, and two or three years later located at Sutton Mills,
where he operated a small clothing mill.

In his youth Mr. Carleton entered the Spectator office at Newport, then
owned by B. B. French and Simon Brown, who subsequently became secre-
tary of the United States senate, and lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts,
respectively, to learn the printing business. After completing his appren-
ticeship he worked for a time at his trade in Boston, but on January 1, 1840,
in company with Matthew Harvey, also a Sutton boy, who was his cousin,
he purchased the New Hampshire Argus and Spectator, and they continued
its publication uninterruptedly for thirty-nine years and three months, till
April, 1879, when it was sold to Barton & Prescott, the firm soon after be-
coming Barton & Wheeler, who still continue it.

Messrs. Carleton and Harvey were associated for nearly forty years in the
proprietorship and editorial management of the Argus and Spectator, and a
peculiarity of their association consisted in the fact that for the entire time of
their partnership labor they alternated weekly in the editorial and mechanical
work of the office, one editing the paper and attending to the office business
one week, while the other set type, and vice versa, so that each was familiar
with all the work pertaining to the establishment.

Politically Mr. Carleton was an earnest Democrat, and was the last of a
notable coterie of Democratic journalists in this state, who maintained the
party standard for a long series of years previous to, during, and after the
War of the Rebellion, including B. B. Whittemore of the Nashua Gazette,
James M. Campbell of the Manchester Union, William Butterfield of the
New Hampshire Patriot, Horatio Kimball of the Cheshire Republican at
Keene, and himself and partner, Mr. Harvey.

Aside from his newspaper work, Mr. Carleton was prominent in other
directions. He was a member of Mt. Vernon L,odge, A. F. and A. M., of
Newport, and in his younger days held important positions in the order.
He was register of deeds for Sullivan county in 1844 and 1845 ; register of
probate in 1854, 1855, and 1856 ; and represented his town in the state legis-
lature. He was a director of the old Sugar River bank from its start in 1854,
and was a director of the First National bank of Newport from its inception
until his death. He was also for twenty-five years, the president of the New-

n6 NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

port Savings bank. In promoting the interests of these two institutions he
has taken an active part, and their success and prosperity in the past have
been due in no small degree to his clear foresight and sound judgment.

Mr. Carleton married, December 12, 1848, Miss Hannah E. French, who
was born February 18, 1827, and died June n, 1856. He married, second,
on July 3, i860, Mrs. Mary J. Nelson, who survives him. His children by
the first marriage were Frank H., born October 8, 1849, and George F., who
was born October 18, 1853, and died March 5, 1855. Frank H. Carleton
pursued his preparatory studies at Kimball Union academy, graduated from
Dartmouth college, pursued newspaper work for two or three years, was
clerk for a number of years of the Municipal court of St. Paul, Minn., was
private secretary to Governor Pillsbury of that state, studied law with the
late Senator Davis of Minnesota, and is now a member of the law firm of
Cross, Hicks, Carleton & Cross, of Minneapolis, Minn., one of the leading
law firms of the West.

HIRAM HITCHCOCK.

Hiram Hitchcock, founder and proprietor of Fifth Avenue hotel in New
York city, died there December 30, 1900.

Mr. Hitchcock was a native of the town of Claremont, born August 27,
1832, but removed with his parents to Hanover, when ten years of age. He
was educated at the Black River academy in Dudlow, Vt. In 1859, with
Paran Stevens and Alfred B. Darling, he established the Fifth Avenue hotel,
and had since been active in its management, except during a few years
passed abroad, going to Europe in 1866, for the benefit of his health, and
traveling extensively in the East.

Upon his return he lectured extensively upon his observations abroad
before educational organizations, and in 1872 received the degree of Master
of Arts from Dartmouth college. He served for several years as a trustee of
the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, and was
chosen a trustee of Dartmouth college in 1878.

He was one of the promoters who erected the Madison Square Garden in
New York ; one of the founders of the Garfield National bank, and the Gar-
field Safe Deposit company, and at the time of his death was vice-president
of both institutions. He was a director of the New York Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, treasurer of the Academy of Arts, a life
member of the Academy of Design, a member of the American Geographical
Society, a member of the New England- society, of the Chamber of Com-
merce, and University club.

He was also the president of the Nicaragua Canal association,- and was
largely instrumental in securing from Nicaragua and Costa Rica large con-
cessions relative to the canal, and was president of the Maritime company of
Nicaragua.

Mr. Hitchcock was married twice. His first wife died about twelve years
ago, and ten months previous to his death he married Miss Emily Howe ot
Hanover, who survives him. He left no children.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY. 117

GEORGE W. MANN.

George W. Mann, bom in Landaff, February 20, 1821, died at his home
in Benton, January 6, 1901.

Mr. Mann was the youngest of eight sons of Samuel and Mary (Home)
Mann. His parents removed to Benton in 1835, and his home was ever after
in that town, where his life was devoted to agriculture and to the work of a
contractor and builder, in which he was for many years quite extensively
engaged.

Mr. Mann, although a son of a Whig, became an earnest' Democrat in
early life, and was one of the most tireless workers of the Democratic cause
in northern New Hampshire, for a long series of years, serving on town,
county, and state committee, in conventions, and not unfrequently upon the
stump. He was for many years the most prominent citizen of the town,
which he served as collector of taxes, as selectman eight years, town clerk
four years, superintending school committee ten years, and representative in
the legislature six years — in 1857, 1860, 1875, 1876, 1SS1, and 1883. He
was also a member of the Constitutional convention of 1876. He was
appointed member of the State Board of Agriculture by Governor Tuttle and
served with great zeal in that capacity for two terms or six years.

Mr. Mann first married Susan M. Whitcher, April 13, 1843, by whom he
had five sons— Ezra B., Edward F., George H., Osman C, and Orman L.,
of whom Ezra B., George H., and Orman L-, are living. The three eldest
have all been prominent in business and railroad circles, and have each
served in the New Hampshire legislature, Edward F. serving in both
branches. He married, second, March 4, 1855, Sarah T. Bisbee, who, with
five children, Melvin J. of Woodsville, Hosea B. of Littleton, Susan M. of
Ashland, Minnie J., wife of H. S. Nutter, and Moses B. of Boston, survive
him. In religious view Mr. Mann was an ardent Universalist.

HON. ADNA BROWN.

Hon. Adna Brown, one of the most prominent business men in eastern
Vermont, died January 21, at his home in Springfield in that state.

Mr. Brown was a native of Antrim, born December 11, 1828, the son of
Isaac and Sarah (Flagg) Brown. He received a common school education,
and when sixteen years old entered upon an apprenticeship first in a woolen
mill, and afterwards as a machinist. Beginning at the foot he gradually
worked his way step by step to the office of president and general manager
of the Parks & Woolson Machine Co. He was also president and managing
director of the Jones & Lamson Machine Co. ; moved to Springfield from
Windsor several years ago. He organized the Springfield Electric Light
Co., and was president of the hotel company which erected the handsome
hotel in Springfield named in his honor. He was also prominently identi-
fied with many other business institutions of the town and vicinity, and fre-
quently called upon by his townsmen to serve them in places of trust and
responsibility. He was a staunch Republican and represented his town in

nS NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

the general assembly of 1882, and his county as senator in 1890. He was
one of the state delegates to the National Republican convention in 1892, and
was appointed the next year by Governor Fuller a World's Fair commissioner
from Vermont. He was a member of the Congregational church, and as a
layman was prominent in its councils. A few years ago, accompanied by
his wife, he went abroad and visited the Holy Land. He also published a
volume giving the impressions of a business man of the sights and events of
his travels. He is survived by his wife and a son, Col. Walter W. Brown,
and a daughter.

FREDERIC F. FOSTER.

Frederic F. Foster, who passed away suddenly at his home at Weare
Center on January 18, was born in Winthrop, Me., on October 11, 1843.

He was the son of Rev. Frederic Foster of Salem, who graduated from
Dartmouth college in 1840, and studied for the ministry under the eminent
Universalist divine, Dr. Hosea Ballou. The mother of the deceased was
Mrs. IyOretta (Ayer) Foster of Haverhill, Mass., well-known throughout this
state as a worker in the Universalist society. The family came to Weare in
1 86 1, when the father became pastor of the Universalist society at Weare
Center, dying very suddenly four years later, leaving a widow, two sons,
and a daughter.

Frederic F. Foster received his early education under the direct tuition of
his father, who prepared him for Dartmouth college, where he graduated in
1865. He was a successful teacher in Maine, Massachusets, and New
Hampshire, and a fine mathematician and linguist. He was also well-known
as a literary worker, having contributed to some of the best periodicals of the
country.

His mother passed away, like her husband and son, without warning, in
1890, her two other children having preceded her over twenty years before ;
thus a family that has left its mark in the town of Weare has now become
extinct.

GEN. RICHARD N. BATCHELDER.

Brig. -Gen. Richard N. Batchelder, U. S. A., retired, died in Washing-
ton, D. C, January 4, 1901.

General Batchelder was born in what is now the city of Laconia, July 27,
1832. He enlisted in the First New Hampshire regiment at the breaking
out of the Civil War, and was appointed regimental quartermaster April 30,
1 86 1. He rose rapidly in the service, and in 1864 became colonel and chief
quartermaster of the Army of the Potomac. He was highly commended by
Generals Grant and Howard, and was breveted major, lieutenant-colonel,
and brigadier-general of the volunteers, and major, lieutenant-colonel, and
colonel, United States army, for faithful and meritorious service. He was
appointed captain and assistant quartermaster in the regular service in 1865,
and from that date until 1889, served as assistant and chief quartermaster at
various depots, posts, and departments. In 1890 he was appointed quarter-

NE W HA MPS HI RE NECROLOG Y. 1 1 9

master-general of the army by President Harrison, and in six years expended
$43,000,000. In July, 1896, he retired from active service on account of age.
Very many improvements in administrative methods in his department
were effected by General Batchelder during his incumbency as quartermas-
ter-general. He never lost his interest in his native state, and had made his
home in Manchester for the past few years, being temporarily in Washing-
ton when taken by final illness.

JOSEPH F. PERLEY.

Joseph F. Perley, a prominent citizen of Enfield, active business man,
and leading Democrat in his section, died at his home in that town January 5.

He was a native of the town where he died and where he always had his
home, the son of Joseph and Abby (Clough) Perley, born March 8, 1838.
His parents died in his childhood and he was reared by an uncle, T. C.
Clough, on the farm where he died.

Mr. Perley had been, for the last thirty-seven years, an agent for the
Walter A. Wood Mowing Machine company, and had traveled extensively
throughout New England in the interests of the company. He had accumu-
lated a handsome property and enjoyed a wide acquaintance. He was an
active member of the Masonic fraternity, being connected with Social Lodge
of Enfield, St. Andrew's Chapter of Lebanon, and Sullivan Commandery at
Claremont.

He represented the town of Enfield in the state legislature in 1889 and
1 89 1, and was a member of the committee having in charge the erection of
the new court-house for Grafton county at Woodsville. He leaves three
children, two sons and a daughter, his wife having died a year ago, since
when he. had himself been in failing health.

GEORGE C. BUTLER.

George Chamberlain Butler, born in Haverhill, February 11, 1842, died
in that town, January 15, 1901.

He was a son of the late Luther Butler, a leading citizen of Haverhill,
who removed there from Bath in 1835. He was educated in the common
schools and at Haverhill and St. Johnsbury academies. He married, in
1870, Miss Harriet Clark of Maine, by whom he had six children, five of
whom survive.

Mr. Chamberlain was active in church and political affairs, having been
president of the association of the Congregational church at Wells River,
Vt., since its organization, and a leading Republican of his town, which he
represented in the legislature in 1895 and 1897, au d was moderator of the
town at the time of his death.

CHARLES H. MENDUM.

Charles H. Mendum, born in Portsmouth, June 12, 1821, died in that
city, January 9, 1901.

Mr. Mendum was a son of John Mendum, a noted stage man of the early

120 NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

part of the last century, and early in life entered the dry goods house of
William Jones of Portsmouth, where he remained many years, finally becom-
ing a partner, and subsequently the head of the firm, and amassing a large
property in the business, which was extensively invested in real estate in the
city. He was prominently connected with Portsmouth business interests,
was a director of the Portsmouth Shoe company, of the National Mechanics'
and Traders' bank, and a trustee of the Portsmouth Savings bank, also for
many years a director of the Howard Benevolent society.

He had been twice married, and is survived by his last wife, formerly
Elvira H. Barnabee, whom he married in July, 1869, also by two daughters
and a son by the former marriage — Mrs. Mary L,ock, Mrs. Maud Ker Shea,
and William Jones Mendum.

ALBERT FIELD.

Albert Field, a well-known citizen of Newfields, died in that town Janu-
ary 10, 1901, Mr. Field was a native of Peterborough, born July 14, 1825,
and removed to Newfields, then South Newmarket, in 1847. By trade a
machinist, he was in the employment of the Swamscott Machine Co. for
many years as one of their leading workmen. He was twice married ; in
1 85 1 to Miss Mehitable Perkins of Newfields, a surviving daughter, Eliza-
beth, being the fruit of this union. His wife died in 1883. In 1892 he mar-
ried Miss Augusta E. Russell of Newburyport, Mass., by whom he is also
survived. In 1867 Mr. Field left the machine shop and went into trade, and
was for many years the leading merchant of the town. He represented the
town in the legislature, was justice of the peace for an average life time, and
was postmaster for sixteen years. He also served the town as moderator,
selectman, and in other offices.

ADDISON N. OSGOOD.

Addison N". Osgood, a prominent citizen and business man of Suncook,
died at his home in that village January 20.

He was a son of Ira B. and Alice (Prescott) Osgood, born in Allenstown,
March 18, 1836. He was educated at Pembroke academy, and had been
engaged in the lumber business at Suncook since i860. He had holden
numerous town offices, served three terms in the legislature, and was an
active member of the Odd Fellows, Free Masons, Knights of Pythias, and
Patrons of Husbandry. In religion he was a Methodist, and in politics a
Republican.

COL. THOMAS P. CHENEY

The Granite Aomthi?)*!.

Vol. XXX.

MARCH, 1 901.

No. 3.

ASHLAND: ITS PAST AND PRESENT.

By Leon Burt Baketel.

Not yours, the paved streets and sidewalks wide ,
Or lofty buildings towering to the sky ;
No city ways to greet the passer-by,
Or moneyed classes, with their pomp and pride.
But yet, we love thee, Ashland, tho' we roam
To distant places, — wander where we will
We feel the loss of what is dearer still,
The subtle something which makes you our " home."

— Alice P. Sargent.

N the heart of the old
Granite state, surround-
ed by hills, which any-
where else would be
called mountains, lying
in the beautiful valley of
the Pemigewasset, is a small town.
Small in name and population, but
great in the men and heroes it has
sent into all parts of the world to help
make it better. This and more can
be said of Ashland, which is one of
the beauty spots of New Hampshire,
and a thriving, enterprising post vil-
lage.

Ashland is noted in many ways,
some being its manufactures, its de-
lightful location and healthful cli-
mate, its men, who, after being
schooled in life here, have been sent
out into the world and become great.
Again one cannot overlook the ex-

cellent facilities for summer outings,
for here during the season, a large
number of vacationists are to be
found, either in the village, on the
hills surrounding it, or on the banks
of the beautiful Asquam lake which
borders on the town limits.

All the beauties and advantages of
nature are not claimed for Ashland,
but certainly it has its share. And
this fact is deeply appreciated by all
its residents and visitors. Its history
follows :

Ashland lies in the eastern part of
Grafton county, and is bounded on
the north and northeast by Holder-
ness, on the south by New Hampton,
in Belknap county, and west by Ply-
mouth and Bridgewater. It is the
smallest township in the count}', hav-
ing only 3,853 acres of improved
land. Ashland was set off from the

124

ASHLAND.

Bird's-eye View of Ashland, with Plymouth in the Distance.

southwest portion of Holderness and
incorporated into a separate town-
ship, July i, 1868, and was then
given the name in honor of the home
of the great Henry Clay — Ashland,
Kentucky.

The settlements of Holderness were
at this time around L,ake Asquam,
Ashland being then merely an after-
thought. It came into notice first,
however, by its falls, for manufactur-
ing purposes, and then soon became
the center of population. People be-
gan coming here to attend church
and to do their marketing. Politi-
cally, the town of Holderness was
very "close," and oft-times town-
meeting would last three days, with
voting as many different times.

At this period the residents of this
section asked to be set off from the
"mother" — Holderness — and to be
allowed to become a separate town-
ship. Things then began to grow
rather shady. Those residing in this
"flat-iron" district being unable to

receive the desired permission, and
therefore unable to secure the town-
house or even town appropriations,
a royal fight ensued and lasted some
four weeks before the members of the
General Court would grant the nec-
essary permission for the incorpor-
ation of a new township. Holder-
ness always benefited from Ashland,
and it cost them nothing to do it.
The summer travel trade, which gov-
erns Holderness so extensively, has
placed it out of debt, while on the
other hand, Ashland owes between
thirty and forty thousand dollars.
While there was a strong feeling at
the time of the separation, it is doubt-
ful if to-day a baker's half dozen can
be found who would favor a reunion
of the two. In other words, perfect
harmony exists between Holderness
and its offspring, Ashland.

This town came into existence as a
new-born babe, naked. It had to
assume from two thirds to three
fourths of the debt of Holderness in

ASHLAND.

125

order to free itself from her. What
the town has now is the reward of
hard labor, money well placed, good
brains and plenty of perseverance.
At this period Ashland had nothing,
not even books in which to keep the
town records. To-day they have an
efficient fire department, excellent
schools, a fine system of water works,
which cost between thirty and forty
thousand dollars, a public library
with from three to four thousand vol-
umes of excellent reading material,
four churches, a variety of stores,
hotels, all the secret societies, and,
in truth, everything which goes to
make up a lively, enterprising town.
The town and its many visitors are
greatly indebted to Col. Thomas P.
Cheney for many of these improve-
ments, as he was the originator and
"pusher" of many of them, carry-
ing all to a successful termination.

The surface of the town is gener-
ally rough and broken, though so
diversified as to present very charm-
ing scenery. Directly through the
center of the town, from north to
south, extends a ridge of highland
called Christian Hill, from which the
land slopes to Owl brook, a tributary
of Squam river, and west to the Pemi-
gewasset, which plays along its west-
ern border. The scenery is greatly
enhanced by a beautiful sheet of
water known as Little Squam lake,
which extends into the township
from Holderness. Squam river, its
outlet, flows in a southwesterly direc-
tion, emptying into the Pemigewas-
set and affording, in its course, grand
water privileges, for the running of
mills and factories. The soil is, by
nature, hard, but, when properly cul-
tivated, yields abundant crops.

Railroad service here is excellent,

Scene on Squam River.

126

ASHLAND.

Showing Engine and Dynamo.

this station ranking third in the long done. The Boston & Maine railroad
list of stations of the. White Moun- passes through the southwestern por-
tains division, for the amount of work tion of the town, and, daily, eight

Interior Views of Electric Power House.

ASHLAND.

127

passenger trains stop, four going
north and four south. The depot is
a neat, cosy affair, and always be-
speaks cleanliness and good man-
agement.

The population is 1,289, an d to-
day Ashland has two school dis-
tricts, three common and five graded
schools. All schools and furniture
are valued at $19,600, and the eight
women teachers receive an average
monthly salary of $30.36.

The Squam river, which is three
miles long, is a wonder in itself as a
power for the turning of wheels. It
has as one of its principal features a
fall of water with a drop of 112 feet,
and contains seven dams. A look at
the work done on the banks of this
river, and with its aid, is an interest-
ing item. Beginning with the first
dam we find the Kusumpe Lumber
Co.

A little further down, but con-
trolled by the waters from the same
dam, is the Electric Light company's
power house and the New Hampshire
Fish Hatchery on the same point.
Dam No. 2, H. H. Shepard lumber
mill, Morrill's grain mill, Fifield's
wood and iron establishment ; dam
No. 3, Hart's woolen mills ; No. 4,
Knitting Co. ; No. 5, abandoned
glove shop, awaiting occupants ; No.
6, International Paper company's
three large mills, and No. 7, Collins
& Co.'s leather-board mill.

The New Hampshire Bureau of
Labor, in its report for 18S9 and
1900, has this to say of Ashland : " It
is charmingly located from a scenic
standpoint and adjacent to the beau-
tiful resorts that surround the crystal
waters of the Asquam lake region ;
it enjoys the excellent power fur-
nished by the Squam river ; its rail-

road facilities are of the best, at\d it
has profitable industries, good busi-
ness blocks, and other evidences of
an up-to-date town. Its industries
are varied in character, ranging from
hosiery and woolen goods to leather-
board, lumber, paper and paper-
boxes. Nearly five hundred hands
are employed in the mills and fac-
tories. Ashland's lumber industry is

Soldiers Monument — Where it first stood.

of no mean proportions, and the
woolen mill does an active business.
The International Paper company
has three of its many mills here and
turns out many tons of paper in the
course of a year. Ashland is thrifty
and growing, keeps in close touch
with modern improvements, and of-
fers every inducement for new indus-
tries to settle within its hospitable
domains."

128

ASHLAND.

Free Baptist Church.
CHURCHES.

Of the four churches in this town,
the Free Baptist is the oldest, having
been organized November 26, 1818.
The present church structure was
erected in 1834. The following have
been the pastors of the church : Revs.
John Pettengill, E. True, H. Web-
ber, Mr. Newell, Sidney Frost, C.
Purington, Mr. Sargent, Lewis Mal-
vern, Thomas Tyrie, J. T. Ward, Mr.
Dudley, Mr. Noyes, D. W. Davis,
A. J. Eastman, E. E. Clarke, and the
present pastor, J. Franklin Babb.

Rev. J. Franklin Babb was born in
Dowell, Mass., May 20, 1873. He is
a lineal descendant of John Hancock,
one of the signers of the Declaration
of Independence, and is proud of the
fact that he has had an ancestor in
every war fought in this country since,
before and including the French and
Indian War. Mr. Babb has received
a high school and academic educa-
tion and intends to supplement this

with a full divinity course at an early
date. He has served the Y. M. C. A.'s
at Daconia and Keene as assistant
general secretary, and has gained an
enviable reputation as a reader. Mr.
Babb came to the church, of which he

Rev. J. Franklin Babb.

is pastor, as a supply, and was re-
ceived as pastor on the first Sunday
in February, 1897. In October of
the same year he was married to the
daughter of Deacon and Mrs. Arthur
S. L,add of Belmont, Miss Candace
Potter. They have two children,
John William and Paul Stewart.

During the time that Mr. Babb has
been with the church more than a
thousand dollars has been expended
on the property, and the organiza-
tion is now in a prosperous condition.
In 1900 he accepted a call to one of
the Free Baptist churches in Dewis-
ton, Me., but illness in the family
prevented him from going. He says
that his present pastorate has been a
most happy one in all respects.

ASHLAND.

129

The next church organization to
spring up here was that of the Con-
gregational faith. They built a
house of worship, but proved a " weak
sister." For nearly two years they
stood alone, i838-'40, and then took
in the Universalists, they using the
church every two weeks. In 1845
the Methodist Episcopal church or-
ganized, and used the church in com-
pany with the two others, but in
1853, or thereabouts, by the failure
of Briggs's mill, the three went out as
churches. Then came St. Mark's
Episcopal church, and is the second
oldest church society in the village.
The Methodist Episcopal followed,
and the Roman Catholic is the latest
addition.

came the Rev. Dexter Potter and
during his pastorate the church was
cleared from debt. He died April 2,
1 88 1, and was buried at Mt. Auburn.
Rev. Henry Hazzard was the next
rector, beginning his services in June,
1863, remaining two years, and was
followed by Rev. Howard F. Hill of
Concord, who also stayed for two
years. Rev. Frederick M. Gray of
Holderness school supplied until
January, 1873, wdien Rev. Geo. G.
Jones came for a period of nine
months. Rev. Mr. Gray again sup-
plied until September 1, 1884, when
Rev. Lorin Webster became rector,
remaining eight years. He was fol-
lowed by Rev. James Carmichael, Jr.,
of Montreal, who stayed but a year,
returning again to Montreal. After
him Rev. William Eloyd Himes, state
missionary, supplied until December,
1895. Then came Rev. Robert H.
Ferguson who stayed tw T o years, and
was succeeded by the Rev. James
Thompson, B. A., the present rector,
who came in November, 1897.

St. Mark's was consecrated to the
worship of Almighty God in a most
appropriate manner by the former
pastors, assisted by Bishop Chase,
October 23, 1864. The complete his-

St. Mark's Episcopal Church.

St. Mark's Episcopal. — The his-
tory of this parish began towards the
latter part of the year 1789, or the
first of 1790, at which time the Rev.
Robert Fowle, B. A., of Newburyport,
Mass., became the pastor. After his
death no regular services were held
until August 9, 1855, when Rev. J. R.
Pierce became rector, continuing for
a period covering five years. Next

Ne« Parish House of St. Mark's Episcopal Church.

13°

ASHLAND.

tory of this church would be an in-
teresting item in the annals of the
churches of New England. St.
Mark's is the second oldest parish in
the diocese.

Rev. James Thompson, B. A.,
w r as born in Bristol, in the Province
of Quebec, Canada, March 17, 1865.
His early education w 7 as obtained at
the ' ' Model school ' ' of his native
town, and the Bristol High school,
securing from the latter a teacher's
certificate. Mr. Thompson then
taught for a period of two years,
after which he entered Lachute acad-
emy, graduating from there into Mc-
Gill university. Here he took the
degree of "A. A." in 1887. After a
full art course the degree of "A. B."
was conferred upon him in the spring
of 1893. A year later and the Mon-
treal Diocesan Theological college
honored him with the degree of
"S. T. L." In 1S94 he was or-
dained deacon by Bishop Bond of

Montreal and by him was licensed to
the parish of North Shefford and
made warden in the eastern town-
ship. In 1895 he was raised to
"priesthood," and a year later was
called to Montreal to act as curate
under Canon Dixon, who was rector
of St. Jude's parish. From there
(1897) Mr. Thompson accepted the
call to St. Mark's parish, Ashland,
his present position.

He has been chaplain in the Ma-
sons, O. E. S., and I. O. G. T.
He has served as vice-president of
the Intercollegiate Missionary Asso-
ciation of Canada , also as secretary
of the Diocesan Alumni of Montreal.

Rev. James Thompson.

Episcopal Chapel, Holderness.

In July, 1900, Mr. Thompson was
married to Miss Grace T. Bailey of
Maiden, Mass., a former resident of
this town, and a daughter of Hon.
E. F. Bailey.

Methodist Episcopal. - - The
youngest of the Protestant churches,
the Methodist Episcopal church, was
organized September 7, 1S95, by Pre-
siding Elder G. M. Curl. It had
but six members. May 2 of that
year Mr. Daniel C. Hill moved to
Ashland from Plymouth, where he
had been a member of the Methodist
Episcopal church for a number of
years, being connected with the offi-

ASHLAND.

131

View on Main Street, showing Post-office and Hughes & Brown's Store.

cial board, and soon decided to have
Methodist preaching in this town.
The first meeting was held in the
town hall, June 21, Rev. John A.
Bowler of Plymouth preaching, and
was soon followed by the organiza-
tion of the church. At the first
quarterly conference, which was held
September 7, 1896, Mr. Hill gave a
building lot to the new church, and
the erection of the building was im-
mediately begun. The work was
rapidly pushed, and the new church
was soon opened with a sermon by
the new presiding elder of the dis-
trict, the Rev. Dr. O. S. Baketel,
under whose supervision most of the
building work was conducted.

At the conference of 189S the Rev.
E. C. K. Dorion was appointed to
this charge, being its first resident
pastor. The edifice was dedicated
June 9, of that year, the Rev. Mr.
Bowler of Lowell, Mass., preaching
the afternoon sermon, and the Rev.
Dr. C. W. Rowley of Manchester

preaching in the evening. Through
the efforts of Dr. Baketel, nearly all
of the church debt was raised at this
service. The church has continually
grown in membership and in financial
standing since its organization, and
is to-day reckoned among the desir-
able charges in the New Hampshire
Conference. It has connected with
it a strong ladies' society, of which
Mrs. Frank L. Hughes is president ;
a good Epworth League, with Mr.
George A. Ladd as president, and
a Junior League, which is under
the supervision of Miss Evangeline
Dorion. Mr. Hill is the superinten-
dent of the Sunday-school, and also
looks after the home department.

Rev. E. C. E. Dorion, the present
pastor of the Methodist church, was
born in Montreal, Canada, August
19, 1872, the son of the Rev. and
Mrs. Thomas A. Dorion. He is
of Huguenot descent, and the third
generation of Methodist ministers in
the Dorion family. He was educated

132

ASHLAND.

Rev E. C. E. Dorion.

in the schools both of Canada and the
United States, his father's labors tak-
ing him, at different dates, into va-
rious parts of the two countries. He
was for several years in the news-
paper business, being city editor of
the Manchester Mirror when he de-
cided to enter the ministry. Mr.
Dorion was one of the founders of
the Manchester Y. M. C. A., being
for some years secretary of its board
of directors. He has also been ac-
tively identified with the Epworth
League movement, and is now one of
the members of the New Hampshire
cabinet. He is also superintendent
of Hedding Chautauqua, and at the
last session of the New Hampshire
annual conference was one of the as-
sistant secretaries. He is a Mason,

and is connected with the Good
Templars.

Mr. Dorion came to Ashland "in
189S, and has had three pleasant
years in this appointment, being
unanimously invited at the close of
each year to continue in the present
pastorate. Being the first resident
pastor, the work has been mostly that
of building and formation. He has
been gratified in seeing his efforts
blessed with success. Mr. Dorion is
unmarried.

Rev. O. S. Baketel, D. D., presid-
ing elder of Concord district, was
born in Greentown, O., October 18,
1849. He was graduated from Mt.
Union college, Alliance, O., in the
class of 1871. He was for years a
member of the same church as Presi-

ASHLAND.

133

Rev. O. S. Baketel, D. D.

dent McKinley. His boyhood days
were spent in Canton, O., where,
for a year, he was a pupil of
Miss Anna McKinley, a sister of
the president. Dr. Baketel began
preaching in 1870, and has been in
continuous service since that time.
Seven years of his ministerial life
were spent in Ohio and Pennsylvania,
at the end of which time he was
transferred to the New Hampshire
Conference. Here he served with
success the churches at Newfields,
Manchester, Methuen, Mass., Green-
land, and Portsmouth. In 1891 he
was appointed to the presiding elder-
ship of Manchester District, which
position he held for the full term of
six years, when he was appointed to
take charge of the Concord district.

He is now completing his fourth
year.

Dr. Baketel was superintendent of
the Hedding Chautauqua for eleven
years, in which position he was emi-
nently successful, making Hedding
one of the popular assemblies of the
East. As presiding elder he is now
the senior member of the cabinet,
and has the respect and confidence
of the entire conference.

The degree of Doctor of Divinity
was conferred upon him four years
ago by his alma mater. He is a Ma-
son and an Odd Fellow ; is married,
and has three sons, Dr. Harrie Sheri-
dan of the Boston Journal, Dr. Roy
Vincent of the Taunton Insane Asy-
lum medical staff, and Mr. Leon
Burt.

134

ASHLAND.

St. Agnes Catholic Church. —
The first Catholics to settle in Ash-
land came, it is thought, about the
time of the building of the Concord
& Montreal railroad. The gentle
and zealous pastor of Lancaster, Rev.
Isidore Noiseux, attended to the
spiritual wants of the little flock in
this town. These visitations were
about once a year, from i860 to 1866,
after which he made three visits a
year. In 1871, when St. Joseph's
parish, Daconia, was established, with
the late Rev. John Murphy as pastor,
the Catholics of Ashland were en-
rolled as members of this parish, and
their spiritual wants were ministered
to by the successive pastors of Iya-
conia till July 12, 1 89 1. On this
date Rev. John E- Finen, late of Con-
cord, celebrated mass in Peavey's
hall, at the conclusion of which he
read a letter from the Rt. Rev. Bishop

Bradley appointing him pastor of Til-
ton and Ashland. From this date
until June, 1884, services were held
on alternate Sundays at Peavey's
hall, and subsecpuently at the town
hall till December 21, 1898.

After the building of a church and
rectory for his parish at Tilton,
Father Finen went about building a
church for his flock in this town, and
received most substantial encourage-
ment from Father Murphy of Dover
and the late Very Rev. Father Barry
of Concord, both of whom donated
$500. The twenty odd families, be-
ing so encouraged by these princely
gifts, subscribed two thousand dollars.
The church was built by day work
under the supervision of the pastor.
It is a pretty frame structure of Ro-
man design with a Campanille tower.
It is beautifully finished in mountain
ash and hard pine, and the walls and

St. Agnes s Catholic Church.

ASHLAND.

135

Rev. John E. Finen.

ceilings are buff and terra cotta, the
designs being beautiful. It contains
several handsome windows and an
exquisite altar with canopy.

This beautifully chaste sanctuary
was opened for the first time for di-
vine worship, January 1, 1899. It
was a day full of happiness and never
to be forgotten by the faithful little
flock. It is free from debt.

Rev. John Edward Finen was born
in St. John, N. B., in 1865. He re-
ceived his education at the I,aval
university, at Montreal, and at the
Grand seminary in Quebec. In 1884
he received the degree of B. A. from
the above-named university. He
was ordained to the Catholic priest-
hood at the Grand seminary, Quebec,
\>y the late Cardinal Taschereau, May

26, 1888. He was assigned to St.
John's church, Concord, as assistant
to the late Father Barry, June 14,
1888. He remained here until July
n, 1 89 1, when he was appointed first
pastor of Tilton, with missions at
Ashland, Plymouth, Rumney, War-
ren, Woodsville, and Lincoln.

Father Finen, besides attending to
his many missions, which, by reason
of their location, entail great hard-
ships in the long and severe drives in
summer and winter, in addition to
his priestly ministrations, has found
time for literary work. He is the
author of " History of the Catholic
Church in New Hampshire," which
forms a notable part of the standard
works of history of the Roman Catho-
lic church in New England.

136

ASHLAND.

SECRET SOCIETIES.

Ashland, like most New England
towns, lias its full quota of secret so-
cieties. Most of its men and a large
number of its women are members of
some order. One of the most pros-
perous is the Masonic fraternity,
which holds its meetings in a room
finished off expressly for it in the
town hall building. This room is
also occupied by a large and flourish-
ing chapter of the Order of the East-
ern Star.

The Independent Order of Odd
Fellows own a building on Main
street, devoted to business purposes
on the two lower floors, and to lodge
rooms in the upper story. In this
building a large number of the local
secret societies hold their meetings.
These include beside the Odd Fel-
lows, the Rebekahs, Knights of
Pythias, Pythian Sisterhood, I.O.G.T.,
A. O. U. W., and Junior O. U. A. M.
Besides these there are also in town
branches of the Golden Cross, and of
the Grange.

The soldiers of the Civil War or-
ganized, May 31, 1877, O. W. Keyes
Post, No. 35, G. A. R. It had
twenty-five charter members, and its
first commander was E. L. Shepard.
Its present commander is E. P. War-
ner. The highest number reported
was forty- eight ; for the present term
twenty-four, while the whole number
of names on the roll is seventy. In
connection with this post there is a
thriving Woman's Relief Corps.

On Memorial Day, 1899, there was
dedicated the soldiers' monument, a
beautiful shaft, purchased jointly by
the Grand Army, W. R. C, and the
town. Upon it are carved the names
of eighty-three veterans of the Civil

War, representing one in nine of the
population of the town of Holderness
at the time of the Rebellion. The
dedicatory address was delivered by
Col. Daniel Hall of Dover. Other
speakers of the day were Mrs. Mar-
garet Fuller, past national president
of the W. R. C, Rev. James Thomp-
son, and the Rev. E. C. E. Dorion.

Ashland has one weekly paper,
known as the Item, whose editor is
Mr. R. R. D. Dearborn. This town
has also furnished the state with one
of its most brilliant editorial writers,
in the person of the late Orren C.
Moore of the Nashua Telegraph.

Perhaps one of the best known
names connected with the history of
the town of Ashland, and in the pub-
lic mind, is that of Cheney. Origi-
nating in this section, it has lent to
the state one of its governors and sev-
eral men who have been leaders in
public affairs.

One of the most picturesque mem-
bers of the family is, to-day, a resi-
dent of this town, and one of its lead-
ing spirits. We refer to Col. Thomas
Perkins Cheney, who, for the past
twenty-five years or more, has been
one of the foremost Republican poli-
ticians of the state.

Colonel Cheney was born February
24, 1833, in Holderness village, now
included in Ashland, in the same
house where his father and mother
died. His early education was re-
ceived at the district schools of his
native village, and at the Holderness
High school, later attending the New
Hampshire Conference seminary,
then located at Northfield. As a
scholar he possessed a quick and re-
tentive memory, and this has con-
tinued through his life, he being able
to give exact dates of events which

ASHLAND.

137

occurred in the far-away past with
remarkable precision. As a boy he
was a leader, and he has retained
this distinction unto this day. He
was an excellent debater, and had
the knack of illustrating his point by
an apt and well- told story, which
made his speaking effective.

That he was self-reliant is evinced
in the fact that at the age of twelve

cupy so much of his attention in later
years.

On October 6, 1853, Colonel Cheney
was married to Miss Mary Elizabeth,
daughter of Jonathan F. and Mary
(Woods) Keyes, formerly of Benning-
ton, but later of Ashland, and has en-
joyed the help afforded him through
these long years of life by an ever
affectionate wife. They have had

Residence of Col. Thomas P. Cheney.

he obtained employment in a woolen
factory, in order to earn necessary
money to help him with his educa-
tion. In the mill and in the school-
house, at work and at play, he was
constantly storing his mind for life's
conflict with the world. At the age of
sixteen he entered the business man's
most practical college, a country
store, in which was the village post-
office, where he learned the branch of
the public service which was to oc-

xxx — 10

eight children, all of whom were
born in Ashland, and of these the fol-
lowing are living : Rodney W., Jona-
than M., Alice M., Harry A., S.
Addie, and Anne Perkins.

Colonel Cheney was active in the
formation of the Republican party,
and throughout his life has been
zealous in its ranks, and many times
honored with positions of responsi-
bility. He was assistant sergeant-at-
arms of the United States house of

138

ASHLAND.

representatives for five years, and in
1869, upon the organization of the
railway mail service, was appointed
superintendent of the New England
division. He remained in this posi-
tion for fifteen years, at the end of
which time he was given the posi-
tion of pension agent for New Hamp-
shire and Vermont. He was a mem-
ber of the Baltimore convention of
1864, which nominated Abraham
Lincoln for a second term. In 1865
and 1866 he was a member of the
New Hampshire house of representa-
tives, and in 1868 was in the Na-
tional Convention which nominated
General Grant for president.

During the past few years, Colonel
Cheney has taken no active part in
business, although he has been by no
means idle in affairs politically. The
colonel is a Mason, and has been
master of the local lodge ; he is also
a Knight Templar, and has been
D. D. G. M. of New Hampshire.
He is a charter member of O. W.
Keyes Post, G. A. R.

He is witty, genial, and keen; has
a faculty for organizing men and
readily makes and retains friends.

Frank L. Hughes.

Frank L,. Hughes was born in Gro-
ton, Mass., December 16, 1845, but
soon after moved to Holderness. His
early education was received in the

district schools, and later at the New
Hampshire Conference seminary at
Northfield. At an early age Mr.
Hughes began at the lowest rung of
the ladder of success, and to-day has
reached the highest point. His first
step was to enter the employ of Pep-
per & Greenlief, makers of hosiery.
Here he worked for several years for
two shillings a day, boarding at
home. The War of the Rebellion
was then on, and following the ex-
ample of every patriotic citizen, he
enlisted in Co. E, of the Twelfth New
Hampshire. He took part in the bat-
tles of Fredericksburg and Chancel-
lorsville, being wounded at the latter
by a piece of shell. This confined
him to the hospital for many months,
reducing him in w 7 eight from 140 to
90 pounds.

Returning home, he entered the
employ of A. B. & E. D. Shepard,
as a clerk in their general store, re-
maining about two years ; then he
worked in a store at Woburn, Mass.,
and later at Webster & Russell's
store, Plymouth. Going West, Mr.
Hughes secured employment at
Dixon, 111., and at Moline, 111., in a
scale factory. In 1871, he returned
to Ashland and bought out the stock
of goods of John Smith, Jr., entering
into partnership with his former em-
ployer, under the name of Hughes &
Shepard. In 1873 the partnership
was dissolved, and James F. Huckins
was taken in, the name then being
Hughes & Huckins, and remaining
so until 1887, at which time Mr.
Hughes conducted the business alone
for two years, taking in (1889) Ora
A. Brown, the firm name being from
that date Hughes & Brown. Their
stock is general merchandise and dry
goods.

ASHLAND.

139

In 1872, Mr. Hughes was united
in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Addie,
daughter of the late John C. Shepard,
an old resident. They have one son,
Elmer C, who is twenty-two years
of age, married, and resides with his
parents. Mr. Hughes is a staunch
Republican, and as such has served
Ashland as town treasurer for twelve
years, representative to the General
Court one term, i897-'99 ; has been

which she entered the employ of her
brothers, A. B. & E. L. Shepard, as
a clerk, remaining with them several
years. After her marriage she
clerked for some time in her hus-
band's store. Mrs. Hughes is presi-
dent of the Ladies' Society of the
Methodist Episcopal church, and an
active worker for that organization.
She is one of the many prominent
workers in the Woman's Relief

Residence of Frank L. Hughes.

county treasurer of Grafton county
for four years, and for the past five
years has been one of the New Hamp-
shire Fish and Game Commissioners.
He is a member of the Masons, Blue
lodge and chapter, and a most active
member of the G. A. R., having held
all the offices in the local lodge.

Mrs. Addie Shepard Hughes, wife
of Frank F. Hughes, is a native of
Holderness, having been born there
March 4, 1851. Her early education
was received in the district school,
and later at New Hampton, after

Corps of this state, and has been
identified with it for years. She has
held the offices of department inspec-
tor, department junior vice president,
and at the state convention held at
Concord in 1894, was elected to the
highest office in the gift of the corps —
department president — which position
she faithfully filled for a year, refus-
ing a second election. She is one of
the most popular women in the state
in these circles, and is held in the
highest respect by all. For seven
years she has been the faithful presi-

140

ASHLAND.

dent of the local W. R. C, and has
held various other offices. She is
also an active member of the Order
of the Eastern Star.

Ora A. Brown, the junior member
of the firm of Hughes & Brown, was
born in Bridgewater, March 4, 1864.
He received his education in the
schools of Ashland and at Bryant &
Stratton's Business college in Boston.
He has been located in business in
this town for the past twelve years,
and from 1888 until 1900 served as
town clerk. Since 1890 he has been
town treasurer. In politics he is a
strict Republican.

Mr. Brown is an active member of
Mt. Prospect lodge, A. F. & A. M.;
is married to a daughter of Col.
Thomas P. Cheney (Miss S. Addie),
and has two beautiful children, Ruth
Cheney and Robert Fletcher. He is
a man possessing a big heart, and by
his pleasing ways and square dealing
with everyone he has found many
who are proud to be termed as his
friends.

Brown & Huckins is the name of
one of the most progressive firms in
this town. Although only four years
old they have built up a large and
lucrative business, and are continu-
ally adding something new to their
stock, which is attractive, new, and
up to date. The interior of their
store presents the neatest appearance
of any in town, everything having a
place and each thing being in that
place. Their line of goods is drugs,
medicines, jewelry, sporting goods,
and all necessaries connected with
this line.

Wilfred F. Brown was born in
Bridgewater, May 3, 1862, and was
educated in the schools of Ashland
and at the Massachusetts College of

Pharmacy, graduating from the latter
in 1888, with the degree of Ph. G.
He has been in the drug business, as
clerk and senior proprietor, for the
past nineteen years. For one term,
i895-'96, he was representative to
the general court, and is spoken of
as being one of the shrewdest politi-
cians in the town. He is a member
of the Masons, Order of the Eastern
Star, Odd Fellows, and Knights of
Pythias. Offices have been offered
him many times but he has always
refused with one exception, his elec-
tion to the legislature. Mr. Brown
is married to an Ashland girl, Miss
Minnie E. Read, and has three chil-
dren, Ethel M., Mary I,., and Wil-
fred A.

Carlos A. Huckins, watchmaker,
jeweler, and optician, is the junior
member of the firm of Brown &
Huckins. He was born in New
Hampton in i860, and received his
early education in the district schools.
He learned his chosen profession in
Boston and at Bristol, and for the
past sixteen years has continued in
it. For five years he was in business
for himself at Merrimack, Mass.,
after which he worked in Boston and
Eaconia. Four years ago he came
to Ashland and formed the above-
named partnership. His business
has so increased that to-day he com-
mands all the work in his line for
miles around. He is in politics a
firm Republican, and is a member of
the Masons and Odd Fellows.

Few men in Ashland have had as
interesting a career as Mr. James
Brogan. He has been infantryman,
artilleryman, and Indian fighter.
Underneath the stars and stripes he
roamed for years from Massachusetts
to Calfornia, down to New Mexico

ASHLAND.

141

and along the wild frontiers of the far
West. Everywhere he acquitted him-
self with honor and bravery and
came back to civil life a thorough
soldier, and one who was ready to
take upon himself the duties of good
citizenship in business activity. Mr.
Brogan was born in Lowell, Mass.,

lighted with electricity, and has mod-
ern conveniences.

J. M. Cotton, proprietor of the
Squam L,ake house, was born Decem-
ber 29, 1846, at Brownsfield, Me.
After receiving a common school edu-
cation he engaged to travel with a
circus, which vocation he followed
for five years. His next step was to
enter the hotel business and this has
been his work for the greater part
of the time since. He worked in
Brownsfield, and for his brother,
E. T. Cotton of the Kearsarge hotel,
Portsmouth, and also at Laconia.
His next move was to purchase the
Squam L,ake house, which he did
twenty-seven years ago, and he has
run it since. He was among the first
to introduce electric lights into this
village, and is now one of the board of
directors. He has also been some-
what of an inventor, one of his
principal works being a hat and coat

Thompson House and Soldiers' Monument.

in 1853, and spent his life on the
farm and in the army. Eight years
ago he purchased the Thompson
house, a neat, cosy hotel, in this
town, and has since conducted it in
a most respectable and highly satis-
factory manner. He is a member of
the Grand Army of the Republic,
Knights of Pythias, and the Grange.
Mr. Brogan is married and has two
sons, Edward C, a baker in Boston,
and James C, a steam fitter of the
same city. His wife was Miss Roxie
F. Robinson of Plymouth.

Mr. Brogan sets an excellent table,
has good service, and knows the
manner in which to use his guests in
order to make them come again.
The house is heated with hot water,

Squam Lake House.

hook which is used more or less in
barber shops, hotels, etc. The hotel
is well up in the list of two dollar
houses in the state and Landlord Cot-
ton enjoys the reputation of giving
his guests genuine satisfaction. He
has been in the business forty years,
and is well versed in all its details.
He is married and has three children,
two now living, Dorothy Elizabeth,

142

ASHLAND.

born April 24, 1899, and John Mel-
ville born April 4, 1900. He has
been a member of the Odd Fellows
for twenty-two years, and is actively
connected with the Knights of
Pythias. He has held all the offices
in the gift of the local lodge of Odd
Fellows and is now chaplain of the
First regiment in the canton of the
Knights of Pythias, with the rank of
captain.

FranK S. Huckins.

Postmaster Frank S. Huckins is a
native of Holderness, now Ashland,
being born July 28, 1865. His
course of study was in the common
schools of this place and a commer-
cial course at the New Hampton
academy. He was first elected to
office in March, 1897, serving as
selectman for one year. He was ap-
pointed to his present position, Feb-
ruary 2, 1900. In politics he is a
Republican. He is a member of Mt.
Prospect lodge, A. F. and A. M., and
of the Order of the Eastern Star.

June 6, 1900, he was united in mar-
riage to Miss Bessie J. Canney of
Sandwich.

Although not a resident of Ash-
land at the present time, the Rev.
Lorin Webster is counted by many
as an Ashland man, because of his
many years' residence in this town.
He was rector of St. Mark's Episco-
pal church for eight years, previous
to his being appointed to the position
which he now holds, of principal and
rector of Holderness School. He was
born in Claremont, July 29, 1857,
and was educated at St. Paul's School,
Trinity college, from which he gradu-
ated in the class of 1880, and Berke-
ley Divinity school. He has been in
the ministry for eighteen years.

He has been honored with the fol-
lowing offices : President of the Graf-
ton County Agricultural society,
president of the Plymouth Fair As-
sociation, president of the New
Hampshire Music Teachers' Asso-
ciation, and president of the New
Hampshire Academy Teachers' As-
sociation. In politics he is an Inde-
pendent. He is a Royal Arch Ma-
son, and a member of the Order of
the Eastern Star.

In 1880 the degree of B. A. was
conferred upon him and in 1883 the
degrees of B. D. and M. A. were
given him. Mr. Webster is a musi-
cian of rare ability, and has com-
posed several sacred and secular
songs, part songs, hymns, anthems,
a Te Deum, and a setting for the
office of the holy communion. He
is married to Miss Jennie J. Adams,
and they have three children, Harold
Adams, Bertha Locaine, and Jerome
Pierce.

Ashland has one woman's organi-
zation known as the Athenian Club.

ASHLAND.

143

It is composed ot fourteen of the
most prominent young women in town,
and has for its object social life and
intellectual advancement. The club
is of quite recent birth, having been
organized July 3, 1899, by Miss
Grace Applebee and Miss Gladys M.
Baker. A limited membership keeps
the organization quite exclusive,
resulting in there being constantly
a good waiting list of those who
would be pleased to be numbered
among the fortunate members. So-
cially, the club has entertained its
friends in pleasant dance parties,
while intellectually it has devoted its
time to reading and studying authors.
During the present winter, for in-
stance, the members have devoted
considerable time to Shakespeare's
"Richard the Third."

The officers of the club at the pres-
ent time are, president, Miss Gladys
M. Baker; vice-president, Miss May
Little ; secretary, Miss Anne P.
Cheney, and treasurer, Miss Hallie
Woodman. The club is now com-
posed of the following members :
Misses Grace Laurence, Grace Ap-
plebee, Anne Cheney, May Little,
Anne Applebee, Hallie Woodman,
Mertie Woodbury, Cora Smith, Flora
Wesson, Mary T. Sargent, Bessie
Piper, Avis Baker, Mrs. Mabel Nel-
son, and Mrs. Nina Hughes. Miss
Avis Baker was elected a member of
the club to fill the vacancy caused by
the death of Miss Laura Dooley, who
died in June, 1900.

REV. OREN BURBANK CHENEY, D. D.

Among the most widely known
and highly honored natives of the
town of Ashland, or that part of
Holderness which is now Ashland,

is Rev. Oren Burbank Cheney, D. D.,
son of Deacon Moses and Abigail
(Morrison) Cheney, born December
10, 1816. He was fitted for college
at Parsonfield (Me.) seminary, and
New Hampton institution, and gradu-
ated from Dartmouth in the class of
1839, which numbered sixty-one
members, he being one of the five
survivors. During his college course
and afterward he taught in public
schools and academies, having been
principal of the Strafford and Green-
land academies, and of Parsonfield
(Me.) seminary. While in college
he had united with the Free Baptist
church. He w r as licensed to preach
by the church at Portsmouth, while at
Greenland, in 1842. While teaching
in Parsonfield he preached one half
the time at Effingham, in this state,
where he was ordained, in the autumn
of 1844, but he subsequently gave up
his pastorate there on account of the
opposition to his decided anti-slavery
views.

He afterward removed to Whites-
town, N. Y., where he studied the-
ology in the Biblical school, while
teaching Latin in the seminary.
While here his wife, formerly Miss
Caroline Adelia Rundlett of Strat-
ham, whom he had married Jannary
30, 1840, was taken ill, and was re-
moved to her old home in Stratham,
where she died June 13, 1846. Sub-
sequently he settled at West Leba-
non, Me., where he held a pastorate
six years, and also founded the West
Lebanon academy. While here he
represented the town in the state leg-
islature, in i85i-'52, and voted for
the original Maine Temperance law.

In 1852 he became pastor of the
Free Baptist church at Augusta, con-
tinuing five years. In September,

144

ASHLAND.

1854, the seminary building at Par-
sonfield was burned, and Mr. Cheney
immediately formed the plan for the
establishment at some more eligible
location, of an educational institution,
upon broader lines, to be under the
auspices of the Free Baptist denomi-
nation, whose oldest existing institu-

ton gave the institution a liberal en-
dowment, and it was reincorporated
as Bates college.

Dr. Cheney (who received the de-
gree of D. D., from Wesley an uni-
versity in 1863) was president of the
institution from the start and gave
all his energies for the promotion of

Rev. Oren B. Cheney, D. D.

tion had been destroyed, and the out-
come of the project in whose develop-
ment he labored with untiring zeal
was the Maine State seminary in
Dewiston, chartered by the legisla-
ture in the winter following, the cor-
ner-stone of whose first building was
laid in the summer of 1856, and Sep-
tember 1, 1857, the first term of
school opened with 137 students.
In 1863 Benjamin E. Bates of Bos-

its welfare, insuring success in high
measure. It was the first college in
New England to open its doors to
women on equal terms with men.
After a time the Theological semin-
ary of the Free Baptists at New
Hampton was removed to Dewiston
and became a department of the col-
lege, at whose head Dr. Cheney re-
mained, until September 22, 1894,
forty years from the inception of the

ASHLAND.

145

institution, when at a ripe old age he
resigned his position, retaining, how-
ever, his home in Lewiston.

Dr. Cheney has held many posi-
tions of confidence and trust in his
denomination. He has been many
times a member of the General Con-
ference and several times moderator
of the same. He has also been chair-
man of the Conference Board, dele-
gate to the Convention of the Gen-
eral Baptists of England ; secretary
and president of the Foreign Mission
society, and otherwise prominent.

In politics he was a member of the
old Liberty party, voting first for
James G. Birney for president ; then
a Free Soiler and a delegate to the
convention at Pittsburg, Pa., which
nominated John P. Hale for presi-
dent. Subsequently he assisted in
organizing the Republican party,
with which he has ever since acted.
He had a close acquaintance with
Hale, a closer one with Amos Tuck,
and a still closer one with George G.
Fogg, who was his classmate and
room-mate in college, and worked
with these men earnestly in the strug-
gle which made Anthony Colby gov-
ernor of New Hampshire, and sent
Hale to the senate and Tuck to the
house as the first anti-slavery mem-
bers in the two branches of congress.

Dr. Cheney married, as his second
wife, Miss Nancy St. Clair Perkins,
daughter of Rev. Thomas Perkins,
August 2, 1847, wno died February
21, 1886. She was a graduate of
Parsonfield seminary, and founded a
school in Ashland village, of which
she was principal for fifteen or twenty
years, and from which a large num-
ber of men and women have gone out
to occupy high positions in society.
She was also for a time preceptress of

Lebanon academy, and was of great
assistance to her husband in the work
of founding and maintaining Bates
college. July 5, 1892, he was united
in marriage with Mrs. Emeline Bur-
lingame, a graduate of the Provi-
dence High school, and the Rhode
Island Normal school, who was for
eight years editor of the Missionary
Helper, the first president of the
Woman's Mission society, and for
seven years president of the Rhode
Island W. C. T. U.

By his first wife he had one son,
Horace R. Cheney, a graduate of Bow-
doin college and Harvard Law School,
who won a high position as a lawyer
in Boston, and died Dec. 13, 1876. By
his second wife he had two daugh-
ters, both living, — Mrs. Caroline
Cheney Swan of Boston, and Mrs.
Emeline Cheney Boothby of Lewiston.

COL. HERCULES MOONEY. 1

Among the volunteers from New
Hampshire in the last French and
Indian war, which terminated in the
conquest of Canada, were Capt. Her-
cules Mooney, his sons, Lieut. Ben-
jamin Mooney and Private Jonathan
Mooney, both sons being minors, re-
siding in Durham. While in the
Revolutionary war Hercules Mooney
was colonel of a Continental bat-
talion, his son Benjamin a lieutenant,
and son John a private in the New
Hampshire forces.

Colonel Mooney was an Irishman,
and is said to have been a tutor in a
nobleman's family in Ireland. He

'This sketch of Col. Mooney, as well as that of
Nathaniel Thompson following, was furnished by
Lueien Thompson, Esq., of Durham. Any descend-
ants of Col. Hercules Mooney who can furnish any
information relative to the Mooney family are re-
quested to send the same to Mr. Thompson, who is
preparing a more extended sketch of Col. Mooney
and his descendants.

146

ASHLAND.

caine to Dover in 1733, and began
teaching in that part of Dover, now
Somersworth, July 4, 1734, having
been engaged January 2, 1734, as
shown by public records.

He married Elizabeth, the daugh-
ter of Benjamin Evans, prior to 1738,
and resided near " Barbadoes," which
is a locality near the present bound-
ary line between Dover and Mad-
bury, and within the old " Cochecho
parish," where his name appeared
in the rate-list of 1741. In 1743,
Hercules Mooney signed a petition
to make Madbury a parish, separate
from Dover. Here (in the " Coche-
cho parish") were born Obadiah,
Benjamin, January 6, 1740, Jonathan
in 1744, Elizabeth, baptized February

5> 1750.

In 1750 or 1 75 1, he removed to
Durham, where he was teaching as
early as 1751. There are no school
records of Durham extant before 1750,
but from that year, until Dee was set
off as a separate parish in 1766, he
taught in the schools of Durham, only
dropping the ferule for the sword in
1757, where he received a captain's
commission.

Soon after his removal to Durham
he married Mary Jones, the widow of
Eieut. Joseph Jones of Durham, and
resided on the Jones farm, now
owned by Miss Mary A. Hoitt.

In 1757 he received a captain's
commission in Colonel Meserve's
regiment, and took part in the expe-
dition to Crown Point, his son Ben-
jamin serving as ensign in his com-
pany. Benjamin had served in the
expedition to Crown Point the pre-
vious year under John Shepherd,
captain of Co. I. A part of Colonel
Meserve's regiment, under command
of Eieutenant-Colonel Goffe, was sent

to Fort William Henry, which was
under the command of Colonel Mon-
roe of the Thirty-fifth British regi-
ment. " The French General Mont-
calm, at the head of a large body of
Canadians and Indians, with a train
of artillery, invested this fort, and in
six days the garrison, after having
expended all their ammunition, capit-
ulated, on condition that they should
not serve against the French for
eighteen months. They were al-
lowed the honors of war, and were to
be escorted by the French troops to
Fort Edward, with their private bag-
gage." The Indians, enraged at the
terms granted the garrison, fell upon
them as they inarched out unarmed,
stripped them naked, etc. The New
Hampshire regiment, happening to
be in the rear, felt the chief fury of
the enemy. Out of the two hundred,
eighty were killed and taken. Capt.
Hercules Mooney and his son Benja-
min lost all their arms and private
baggage, and were partially recom-
pensed by the province. The coun-
try was alarmed, and reinforcements
in New Hampshire were raised, un-
der command of Major Tash of Dur-
ham.

In 1758, New Hampshire raised
still another regiment, for the "Crown
Point Expedition." A part of the
regiment was ordered to join the ex-
pedition against Douisburg, and the
remainder did duty under Eieutenant-
Colonel Goffe, with Thomas Tash,
captain, and Benjamin Mooney, first
lieutenant.

Capt. Hercules Mooney had re-
turned home in 1757, on parole, and
in April, 1758, enlisted forty men
from Durham and vicinity. Ten of
these men went out in Capt. John
Pickering's company, and thirty in

ASHLAND.

147

Capt. Thomas Tash's company.
They were discharged near the close
of the year. On April 19, 1759,
Solomon Mooney enlisted, and it is
probable that he was a son of Her-
cules Mooney (but not certain).

In 1760, a regiment of eight hun-
dred men was raised in New Hamp-
shire, under command of Col. John
Goffe, for the invasion of Canada.
Benjamin Mooney was first lieuten-
ant of Captain Berry's company,
while his brother Jonathan enlisted
March 14, 1760, and was taken sick
with fever at Crown Point, and re-
moved to Albany, where he had
small-pox.

In 1 76 1, Hercules Mooney peti-
tioned for an ' ' allowance for care of
getting home his son Jonathan," etc.

February 20, 1762, Lieut. Benja-
min Mooney of Capt. Samuel Ger-
rish's company was ordered by R.
Elliot, lieutenant-colonel of the Fifty-
fifth regiment, to carry to Montreal
the mail for Canada, containing
despatches from Governor -General
Amherst to Governor Gage.

The Durham records show that
Capt. Hercules Mooney was elected
an assessor March 29, 1762, and se-
lectman March 25, 1765. On No-
vember 18, 1765, Hercules Mooney
headed a petition, with ninety-nine
other inhabitants of Durham, to have
the town divided into two parishes.
In response to this petition and favor-
able action by the town of Durham,
the provincial government set off a
part ot Durham and incorporated it
as the parish of Lee, January 16,
1766, with town privileges. Captain
Mooney's farm being mostly on the
Dee side of the division line, he
taught in Lee until the Revolution,
and again after the war until 1786,

his sons Obadiah and John also teach-
ing. He served as a selectman in
Lee, from 1769 until the Revolution-
ary period. He represented his town
in the Fifth Provincial Congress at
Exeter, December 21, 1775, and his
record in that congress shows that he
was more conservative than the most
of the delegates. He represented his
town in the Colonial and state legis-
lature in the Revolutionary period,
and until 1783, except one year, —
1777.

March 14, 1776, Hercules Mooney
was appointed major in the regiment
of Col. David Gilman, and stationed
at Newcastle or vicinity. September
20, 1776, he was promoted to lieuten-
ant-colonel of the Continental bat-
talion, then being raised in New
Hampshire. This regiment was un-
der Pierce Long, and stationed at
Newcastle until ordered by General
Ward to march to Ticonderoga, in
February, 1777. Upon the approach
of the British army under General
Burgoyne, Ticonderoga was evacu-
ated July 6, 1777, and the New 7
Hampshire troops were ordered to
help cover the retreat, during which
a few were killed and about one
hundred men wounded. During this
retreat Lieut. -Col. Hercules Mooney
lost his horse, most of his clothes,
and all his camp ecpuipage to a very
considerable value, and was allowed
partial compensation. From May
23, 1778, to August 12, 1778, he was
a member of the Committee of Safety,
and again from December 23, 1778,
to March 10, 1779. June 23, 1779,
he was appointed colonel of a regi-
ment ordered for continental service
in Rhode Island. The regiment was
raised in June, and remained in ser-
vice until January, 1780. His son,

148

ASHLAND.

Benjamin Mooney, as private and af-
terwards as lieutenant, served through
the Revolution, while his brother
John, who was born in Durham, after
the marriage of Hercules Mooney
and Mrs. Mary Jones, served a short
time as a private, taught school in
Lee, in 1785, removed to Holderness
(probably with his father in 1785),
where he was residing in 1787; was

in civil positions merit a more perma-
nent monument to the hero who died
in Holderness in April, 1800, and who
was buried about a third of a mile
from Ashland village, under a willow
tree, than a rough slab of natural
stone to mark his last resting-place.

Col. Hercules Mooney, certainly,
deserves a nobler shaft at his grave,
to attest his services to the state in

Grave under the Willow Tree.

Rough Slab marking the Grave.

Grave of Col. Hercules Mooney.

appointed coroner for Grafton county
January 12, 1790, and justice of the
peace, January 7, 1791.

After the war Colonel Mooney re-
sumed teaching; served as a justice
of the peace for Strafford county
from Jul}', 1776, until his removal to
Holderness in 1785, and was after-
wards a justice of the peace for Graf-
ton county. He was a grantee of
New Holderness in 1761, and active
in securing people to settle in the
town, his friend and neighbor, Na-
thaniel Thompson of Durham, being
a pioneer.

In Holderness he was a selectman,
and also represented his town (to-
gether with other towns classed with
it) in the legislature in i786-'87 and
1789— '90.

The record of himself and sons, as
schoolmasters, officers in the Seven
Years' and Revolutionary wars, and

laying the
public.

foundation of our Re-

NATHANIEL THOMPSON.

Among the pioneers, who aided in
the settlement of the town of Holder-
ness, which included the present town
of Ashland, was Nathaniel Thomp-
son, who removed from Durham to
Holderness, between October, 1770,
and August, 1 771 .

He was baptized an "infant" by
the Rev. Hugh Adams of Oyster
River, May 29, 1726, and married
Elizabeth Stevens of Durham as
early as 1761. He was an active, en-
terprising man, and, in the various
conveyances of land, he is called
"trader," "shipwright," and "gen-
tleman." As early as 1753, he sold
land in Durham for ,£2,000, probably
to furnish capital to go into trade.

He was a highway surveyor in

ASHLAND.

149

Durham in 1766. Iu 1768 he was
surveyor of highway and sealer of
leather, in 1769 he was sealer of
leather ; and the same year, " Ensign
Nathaniel Thompson " and Ebenezer
Thompson, afterwards judge, were of
the committee of six to receive and
dispose of the proportion of school
money for the districts to which they
respectively belonged. He gave a
deed, October 16, 1770, as "Na-
thaniel Thompson of Durham, prov-
ince of N. H., gentleman," of the
dwelling house 1 and land on the Mast
Road, where he lived. It was shortly
after this date that he removed to
New Holderness, for his tax in Dur-
ham is abated February 11, 1771, and
his name appears no more in the town
records.

August 24, 1771, "Nathaniel
Thompson of New Holderness " con-
veys land in Pembroke, which he
had bought of his brother Benjamin.

He had been offered a large tract
of land by the proprietors of Holder-
ness if he would build and run a grist-
mill and sawmill in that town, and
thus aid in the development of that
section.

Upon the outlet of Dake Asquam,
Nathaniel Thompson built his mills,
and upon its banks he made his
home, and planted his orchards.
Here he settled with his wife and
five children, and five more children
were born after they had located in
Holderness. Polly, the sixth child,
was born February 6, 1772 ; married
John Hill of Durham, her second
cousin, February 4, 1796 ; removed
to Danville, Vt., thence in 18 16, to
Ogden, N. Y., where she died De-
cember 17, 1843.

1 House still standing and near the New Hamp-
shire College buildings.

" She was never weary of recount-
ing to her daughters the poetry and
tragedy of her youthful life at Holder-
ness. When she was about thirteen
and her youngest brother about two
years of age, their brave, strong
father was sent for by his old neigh-
bors to inspect a ship built at the
Durham shipyards. He took the
horseback journey through the wild-
erness to the coast, pronounced the
ship seaworthy, and it was slipping
into the waters from the dock when
one of the skids broke and flew with
great force, striking the leg of Na-
thaniel Thompson and producing a
severe compound fracture. This
caused his death, four days later, at
the house of a friend nearby, and he
was buried among his ancestors and
near relatives in Durham. It was in
1785, three years after the close of
the Revolutionary war, and public
conveyances and mails between the
coast and the interior of New Hamp-
shire were practically unknown."
(A Great Mother.)

James Thompson was master of the
sloop Nancy in 1752, and his brother,
Nathaniel, shipped goods in it from
Barbadoes, April 11, 1752, consigned
to Benjamin Matthews, Jonathan
Thompson, Jr., & Co., of Piscataqua.
Nathaniel Thompson was the son
of John 3 , John" 2 , William 1 , of Dover,
as early as 1647, and was a cousin of
Judge Ebenezer Thompson of Revo-
lutionary fame. He was a selectman
in Holderness in 1773, and in 1776
Nathaniel Thompson and four others
signed a petition for ammunition and
arms, as being in danger of attack
from Canada.

Rev. Curtic Coe, then the pastor at
Durham, made the following entry in
his record of burial in the parish :

15°

MARCH.

Methodist Episcopal

" 1785, June 25. Was buried, Mr.
Nathaniel Thompson of New Holder-
ness who died in this town."

It was not long after the death of
Nathaniel Thompson, that his friend
and neighbor (while in Durham), Col.
Hercules Mooney, removed to New
Holderness, of which place he was
one of the grantees, in 1761, and
probably one of those through whose
influence Nathaniel Thompson lo-
cated in New Holderness.

Miss Frances E. Willard, the late
president of the National Woman's
Christian Temperance Union, is a di-
rect descendant of Nathaniel Thomp-

Church, Ashland.

son, her mother, Mary Thompson
Hill, being the daughter of John Hill
and Polly Thompson before men-
tioned.

The late Maj. Ai B. Thompson,
who was secretary of the state of
New Hampshire from 1877, until his
death, in 1890, was born in that part
of Holderness, now Ashland, and the
son of John Hayes Thompson, son of
Samuel, the ninth child of Nathaniel
Thompson. The late Prof. N. H.
Thompson of Springfield, Mass., and
Mrs. O. C Moore of Nashua, are also
descendants of Nathaniel Thomp-
son.

MARCH.
By Ormsby A. Court.
And miles on miles the river wound among the hills

That, snowclad, moaned in icy breathings rude,
That, sunkissed, wept in myriad rippling rills,
For Spring to spell the deathlike solitude.

BEELUM.

By George IV. Parker.

When War with gauntlet red strides through the land

Dire carnage wreaks, and leaves on every hand

Death, want, and woe ; Astraea flees afar

When white-robed Peace with gentle mien appears,

All earth revives ; no longer doubts and fears,

But truth and love. Keep us, O Lord, from War !

THE GREASED LOG.

By 11 "alter Cu minings Butterworth.

HERE is a good story
told of a distinguished
New Englander, who
was also a noted gen-
eral in the Union army,
during the War of the Rebellion.

When the general was quite a
young man, he lived in a small coun-
try town, and a young lady, for whom
he had a strong attachment, lived
there also. But, unfortunately for
the general, he had a rival, who,
when he was present, usually car-
ried off the lion's share of the girl's
attentions.

Between the homes of the two
young men, and the centre of the vil-
lage was a wide deep brook, the only
means of crossing which, without go-
ing two or three miles out of their
way, was a huge pine log, which lay
directly across it at its deepest point.
The log had been smoothed off on
top, so that it made a very good foot-
bridge.

One summer night there was a
grand fair to be given at the village

church, and the girl had expressed
her intention of attending it.

Now the general knew that if his
rival did not appear he would have
the girl all to himself. So that
evening he started out early, and
took his mother's lard pail along
with him. On reaching the log
bridge he crossed it backwards on
his hands and knees, greasing it as
he went.

His rival, however, could not at-
tend the fair, so the general had the
girl to himself, and all went well.

At a late hour that evening, hav-
ing seen his lady-love safely housed,
the general wended his homeward
way rejoicing. On reaching the
brook he was in so high a flow of
spirits that he entirely forgot the
grease on the log, and started gal-
lantly off across it — there was a slip,
a muffled shriek, and a mighty
splash, and the hero of the evening
crept silently home, while a saucy
moon winked at him from among the
clouds.

CESAR RODNEY'S RIDE.

A STORY OF INDEPENDENCE DAY.
By Frederick Myron Colby.

" Saddle the Black. My Country shall be free !
What 's eighty miles? The ride's for Liberty."
Stern Caesar Rodney, with his heart aglow,
Spake these brave words and rode for weal or woe.
No drooping spirit his, but one to dare,
The truest, bravest son of Delaware.

To the Colonial congress from his state,

He had been chosen as a delegate,

But, burdened also with the land's defense,

As being worthy of all confidence,

He was recruiting soldiers far away ;

A double duty's dangerous delay.

To him had come the news of import drear
Which roused the patriot blood that knew no fear,
How, eighty miles away, in Penn's fair town,
The Continental congress, sitting down
To mould the nation, needed one man's vote
To turn the scales and ring out Freedom's note.

A bound to saddle and a hurried flight ;
A rush of hoof-beats on the silent night !
The dim stars lighting his determined face
And foaming stallion's headlong race !
Forward, brave rider ! God watches your way,
And a Nation owes you Independence Day.

O'er echoing bridges and by dreaming rills,
Past dewy meadows and past silent mills,
Past ghostly houses staring from the hill,
And sleeping hamlets lying calm and still !
On, like a meteor, through the summer night,
Spurred Ciesar Rodney in his whirlwind flight.

The hours of darkness rolled themselves away ;
That pale, grim rider faster sped than they.
For every league of ground he passed he saw

CAESAR RODNEY'S RIDE. 153

A broken fetter of Colonial law.

With restless impetus that wearied not,

On through the midnight swept the patriot.

The stars grew pale, the morn dawned bright and fair,

The rising mists dispersed in sultry air ;

And still upon that sandy stretch of road

The dust-clouds showed where Caesar Rodney rode.

Yet twenty miles away the city lay ;

Would Freedom speed him on to win the day ?

Hot was the air in Independence hall

Where our young Nation framed her protocol.

A tremor passed along the waiting crowd,

A murmured terror spoken not aloud ;

For unborn Liberty beheld dismayed

The factions, man to man, in tie arrayed.

Oh, for one voice to shout a ringing note !

One more true patriot to cast his vote !

The states are called, and scarcely men draw breath ;

The noisy clamor sinks to hush of death.

For lack of one more champion of its worth,

Can this great Declaration fall to earth ?

The crush about the doorway sways and stirs,

As, dust-encrusted, and with gore-red spurs,

Tossing his bridle to the waiting crowd,

Pinters a rider, just as called aloud

Is " Delaware." A voice rings clear and free :

" Here ! Caesar Rodney votes for liberty."

Oh ! let his name resound through all the earth,

His was the voice that gave our nation birth.

While still Columbia no despot fears

Let us the tale rehearse through coming years ;

Speak Caesar Rodney's name with freemen's pride,

And give the tribute due his stirring ride.

THE STAGE.
By Charles Henry Clicsley,

The world 's a stage and every man must play
Some comedy and some a tragic role.

Exit ; Death rings the curtain down for aye.
Applause or jeers ! What matter to the soul ?

XXX- 11

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

Bv Laura D. Nichols.

[concluded.]

out a name so long !

I sha'n't tell
anyone but you, Gail, till it comes,
but I guess I '11 mention careless-like
to Mis' Sanborn, how Jim referred up
to Sam's savin' his life. She didn't
live here then, an' she '11 be inter-
ested, an' sure to tell it round to
other folks, an' then they '11 under-
stand better when the monument
comes."

She had given her cat the last half
of her own name, declaring that it
ought to be of some use, as the first
was all people had time to call her
by.

Gail took no apparent notice of the

II.
SS^^S^BBY FARMER was a
happy woman all Tues-
day and Wednesday.
She went over and over
every detail of her old
friend Jim's visit, smiling and sigh-
ing in turn ; repeating some words of
his aloud, for the pleasure of hearing
them again ; and talking to herself as
those living alone so often do.

" I guess you think I 'm crazy,
Gail," she said to her sedate old cat,
when the creature rose and turned
round twice before settling himself
for another nap, having been roused
by his mistress laughing over the untimely cooking and eating of baked
remembrance of an old-time frolic beans and brown bread on Thursday,
recalled by Dr. Jim. " Well, ain't but Abby was more unsettled by it
it better to be crazy-glad about a than she could have believed possi-
beautiful visit from a friend I never ble, and found herself hurrying both
expected to see again, than crazy-sad dishes into the pantry, when she saw
as I 'most was last winter, when you Mrs. Sanborn approaching. She was
and I were snowed in three days ? caught next day dining on what re-
I guess you '11 think I 'm crazier still mained, and well punished, as she
when you see me pickin' over beans told herself, by her neighbor's re-
marking, "Well, if you ain't the
smallest eater I ever see, makin' your
Sunday cookin' last so long !"

" I 'd better have let her see them
hot and fresh yesterday," said poor
Abby. "She'll think I'm meaner
an' more cropin' than ever. I won-
der if it was tellin' a lie for me to say
nothin' ?"

But worse was to come. All the
time she was cooking and eating her

to-night 'stid of Saturday. What a
boy Jim is, for all his studyin' an'
travelin', an' doctorin' ! He just
made up that nonsense to make me
think I was doin' somethin' for him ;
and, oh, to think that our Sam is
goin' to have a splendid stone after
all ! What will the folks say ? How
thankful an' proud I shall be next
Decoration day, when they set the
flag by the grave that 's been with-

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

155

fried eggs on Sunday, she felt as if
her mother's reproachful eyes were on
her, and not till the first bell began
to ring could she realize that it was
the Sabbath, though she had faith-
fully studied her Bible lesson the
night before.

While buttoning the basque of her
twice made-over black silk, she saw
the slim, bent figure of Uncle Paul
Dearborn coming down the mountain
path, from his home on the other
side.

He always came in to rest and chat
with Abby before church, but as he
had not appeared for two weeks, she
supposed he had subsided into his
winter rheumatism and home staying.

' ' The dear old creatur ! ' ' she mut-
tered to Gail; "don't he look like
last summer's grasshopper, crawlin'
out to sun himself once more ! But
how can I ask him home to dinner,
an' no beans?"

Then a cackling laugh came round
the corner.

"Well, Abby, here I be again!
Got over that pesky cold, an' thought
I 'd lay in one more sermon to pon-
der on 'fore the snow comes."

"Walk in, walk in, Uncle Paul!
I 'm real glad to see you. Sit down
an' rest while I put on my bonnet,
and do eat one of my doughnuts.
I '11 set the coffee pot back on the
stove for a hot sip to finish off with."

" You gave me a fishball last time,
Abby," with childish frankness of
disappointment ; " an' I teased Susan
considerable, tellin' her 'twas the
best I ever eat."

But Abby was matching the cor-
ners of her black shawl, with a pin
in her mouth, and did not seem to
hear, so he resigned himself, and
that danger was past. All the way

to church she entertained him with
accounts of Dr. Carlyle's visit, in the
interest of which she forgot her bean-
less larder, until as they entered the
porch, the old man confiding^ said,
" You can tell me the rest at dinner."

Several times during the sermon
she recalled her cold corned-beef,
finally resolving to heat over some of
the vegetables she had boiled with
it, to console Uncle Paul, though as
a rule, she allowed herself nothing
hot but her tea Sunday afternoon.
"Mother would say 'twas better
than disappointing an old man, I 'm
sure," but Uncle Paul looked se-
verely at the steaming viands.

" I was callatin* on some o' your
good brown pork an' beans, Abby ;
I never set down to biled dish of a
Sabbath afore."

She stammered something about
having it left over, but he shook his
head, and asked a blessing with the
air of one averting a curse.

He ate sparingly and left early,
much less lively than when he ar-
rived.

"He was tired of course," Abby
explained to Gail, "and those black
clouds hurried him. I hope it zvill
rain after he gets safe home. It '11
be such a good excuse for my not
washin' to-morrow, if it 's stormy."

Monday was cloudless, however.
Abby laughed grimly when she saw
it, and allowed herself an extra nap ;
the day would seem so long.

Before she had finished her belated
breakfast, Minty Sanborn came run-
ning in and stared around.

" Why, Ma made sure you was
sick abed !" she cried. " She 's got
her washin' half done, an' not a sign
o' yourn ! An' you 've always been
lots ahead before ! ' '

156

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

"She's very kind," said Abby
quietly; "tell her I 'm not goin' to
wash to-day, but I 'm perfectly well."

The child looked so bewildered
that an inspiration came to Miss
Farmer.

" I 'm goin' to Concord on the
eleven o'clock train, ask her if I can
do any errands for her."

" So I'm going to Concord, Gail,"
she said, with a shame-faced laugh,
when the child had gone.

"'And what to do there? says
Richard to Robin.' Plenty of things
I 'd like, if only I had the money ;
new flannels and stockins for winter,
'stid of patchin' an darnin' my old
ones ; and a nice fine black cash-
mere dress, I 'm so tired of the old
black silk, and the neighbors must
be, too ; and some real Java coffee,
I 'm tired of brown bread crusts, tho'
mebbe I do sleep better on 'em ; but
there, I' d better fly round and get
ready. I'm worse 'n the milkmaid
in the spellin' book for she did have
her pail o' milk to start dreamin' on,
— and I — " L,ike a flash came the
thought, — [it must have come from
Sam's honest face looking down from
the wall as she started up to clear
the table ;] "I can take the ten dol-
lars I 'd laid by towards his stone —
thanks to Jim I can ! And I '11 call
the things a present from Sam and
Jim together !"

Never were rooms so quickly tidied
and dress changed ; and her face was
so bright, her steps so light that Mrs.
Sanborn, who came running out to
give her a list of shopping errands,
declared she looked "as chirk as a
robin in June."

A happy day the good woman had,
taking ample time to do full justice to
her own and her neighbor's needs ;

studying the dresses of ladies she
passed, with a view to her new one ;
loitering at picture-shop windows and
bookstores ; lunching comfortably at
a confectioner's (for the first time in
a dozen years), and buying a Harper's
Weekly to read at the station, while
waiting for the four o'clock train.

"I'll give it to Uncle Paul next
Sunday," was her excuse for the ex-
travagance.

Her country-wonted feet ached with
the long day on brick walks, but her
eyes were as bright as ever, and the
heavy bundles felt good, it was so
long since she had spent more than
half a dollar at a time. When Minty
came out for her Mother's parcels,
there was a little bag of cocoanut
cakes for her and Joe, a present from
Miss Abby. Had not her honest
round eyes been the cause of this
holiday ?

The rest of the week passed peace-
fully, but Abby found herself winding
the kitchen clock Wednesday night
instead of Saturday, because she had
always associated it with preparations
for baked beans.

She wondered if it would be break-
ing her promise to Dr. Carlyle if she
saved a plateful of that savory dish
for Uncle Paul's Sunday dinner, and
decided that it would. Perhaps it
would be too stormy for him to come.
If not, he must share her cold meat.
She would not shock him again by
hot vegetables. The day proved fair,
but cold and windy, and instead of
the old man, his daughter Susan was
seen descending the mountain path.

Now this cousin did not stand as
high in Abby's good graces, as did
the Uncle ; and before her green-rib-
boned bonnet came round the wood-
pile, an apple turnover and a large

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

157

slice of cheese had been hurried into
the pantry. Susan was what Hills-
boro called " a pickin' person ; " else-
where known as faultfinding.

" She 'd want to know why I did n't
use nutmeg instead of cinnamon, and
tell me that my pie crust was too rich
for her dyspepsy," muttered Abby
to Gail. The pot of "real" coffee
remained on the stove, was duly of-
fered, and the "pickin' 1 ' tendency
proved by a query as to the price per
pound, followed by a stern " humph "
of dissaproval.

" How 's Uncle ?" said Abby.

"Well, he's so 's to be about,
but I wasn't willin' he sh'd come
round Staghorn in any such a wind
as this, so I made out that I was
bound to come, an' Mother had n't
ought to be left alone."

"I've got a Harper's Weekly to
send him, if it won't bother you to
take it. You '11 come back an' have
dinner with me of course?" Susan
agreed, and after service was offi-
ciously helpful in setting the table
and stepping down cellar and into
the pantry, — her keen black eyes
searching every shelf and corner
meanwhile.

" She wants to see if I 've got
'biled dinner' again," thought Abby
rightly.

" Now do n't make company o' me,
Abby," she remarked. " I 'd jest
as soon make a meal on what fish-
balls you 've got left, or beans either,
'specially as Father's always tellin'
how much better you cook 'em than
we do."

" I didn't have one nor t'other, to-
day," said Abby, boldly. "I had an
egg for breakfast, and this chicken
left from Saturday. I 'm killin' my
chickens now, an' I don't remember

as there 's anythin' in the Bible about
cookin' beans a-Sunday, or brown
bread either," she added defiantly, as
she cut a fresh white loaf.

Susan looked both shocked and
scared. Had she been a Catholic
she would have crossed herself vig-
orously.

" For the land's sake, Abby Farm-
er, do n't talk like that a-Snnday,
too." Her hostess laughed grimly,
and set on the cold chicken, pumpkin
pie, and cheese. It saved steps to
have all on the table, and Susan's
principles did not hinder her from
partaking heartily of all.

" I s'pose Jim Carlyle brought you
the Harper's Weekly" she remarked.
" Father said you 'd had a call from
him."

"No, I bought it myself, when I
was in Concord last Monday."

Abby felt no desire to talk over her
precious visit with Susan. The di-
version was effectual.

" In Concord last week !" she cried.
"Was there an excursion?' She
never went herself unless there were
reduced rates, or on Railroad day,
when all stockholders went free.

" No, I had some winter shopping
to do," was the quiet reply.

Susan stared with greed}-, curious
eyes.

"An' you went a-Monday ! You
must a' got up afore light to get your
washing out in time."

" No, I did n't wash till Tuesday."

"You didn't.' Why, t' was an
elegant washin' day, an' Tuesday
was real dull an' dubersome. But
you always was odd, Abby. Didn't
you kinder feel as if your Mother 'd
disapprove of your traipsin' off to
Concord stid of being at your tub ?"

Abby had felt exactly so, but wild

1 5 8 A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

horses would not have made her own fairly longed to be putting out her

it. clothes in the nimble breeze which

" My mother wasn't a superstitious was fluttering Mrs. Sanborn's so tan-
woman that ever I found out, and I talizingly. Settle to sewing she could
call it nothing less than superstition not, and after scouring every shelf
to feel obliged to wash Mondays and tin in her cupboad, she gathered
more 'n any other day." all her tomatoes and spent the rest

Susan's jaw actually fell, but she of the day slicing and pickling the

gulped down her horror in such a sud- green ones and making ketchup of

den swallow of hot tea, that she the ripe, filling the house with such

choked and strangled till she was red spicy appetizing odors that Mrs. San-

in the face. Her anxiety to hear born declared it was "as good as a

about the shopping, restrained her meal o' vittles to snuff it in."

"pickin"' tendency, and when she That devoted neighbor's eyes had

recovered her breath, she remarked noticed the increasing smoke from

quite blandly, "Gettin' a new bonnet, Abby's kitchen chimney, denoting

I s'pose?" extra cooking of some sort, for how

"No, I guess my felt '11 serve could she be ironing when she had

another season ; I got me some stock- not washed !

in 's an' things, and black cashmere "Got sick o' washin' Mondays,

for a dress an' jacket, if you must have n't you, Abby ? " she cheerfully

know, but don't you think talkin' remarked. " Well, you have kep' it

about clo 'es on Sunday, is worse than up a good many years."

not havin' beans? " " I 'm only three years older 'n you

This was checkmate for Susan, and are, Mira Sanborn," retorted Abby,

she looked so disconcerted that Abby " an' seein' that I 'm an ol' maid, you

relented so far as to say, " They 're ought to be glad I 'm not too set to

on the bed in the spare-room if you change."

want to look at 'em," and got up to By the third week, however, the

give Gail the chicken bones, on his fun of puzzling her neighbors began

tin plate in the woodshed. to pall, and a specially stormy Tues-

Susan gladly availed herself of the day forcing her to dry her clothes in

permission, and examined them ex- the house, she told Gail that "Jim

haustively with eyes and fingers, but Carlyle always was an upsettin', un-

was too mindful of her cousin's snub reasonable chap."

to inquire how she meant to have her Coming home from prayer-meeting

suit made, or to suggest that home one dark, cloudy night, a stone in

knit stockings were good enough for her shoe caused her to step aside and

her family. sit on the wall a few minutes, when

"I'm afraid I wasn't as pleasant it happened that Mr. and Mrs. San-
to her as I'd ought to a-been," born came by, and in the double
thought Abby in her hour of twilight darkness caused by a clump of al-
meditation, "but somehow Susan ders, failed to see any one there,
always does rub me the wrong Abby was wondering whether it
way." would scare them too much, if she

Monday dawned brightly, and she should jump out and cry "Boo,"

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

159

when the proverbial fate of the list-
ner became hers.

"I tell you, Hiram, I'm afraid
she 's losin' her mind. She 's get-
tin' as queer as her Gran' ma Perkins
that drowned herself in the well."

" Sho, 'Miry, it 's only oddity."

" I tell you it 's more 'n that. She
hasn't washed a-Monday for a month,
nor cooked for Sunday like other
folks, an' Minty says she 's talkin'
to herself half the time ; the child 's
afraid to go over there after dark,
now."

"Then you put it into her head,
tellin' about Mis' Perkins."

"I didn't; I only said t' was the
same old well," and they trudged on,
out of hearing, leaving Abby with
a thorn in her heart compared to
which a stone in her shoe was com-
fort. Children afraid of her ! Her
old neighbor doubting her sanity !
Abby well knew how a whisper of
suggestion would grow into a strong
wind of belief, once started in sewing-
circle, or any other congregation
of sensation-loving, sensation-starved
women. " Oh, Jim, Jim ! " she whis-
pered, as she rose and stumbled on,
feeling years older. "This may be
fun to you, but it 's death to me."
As she left the heavy air of the
alder-grown hollow, however, and
met the keen, bracing breeze from
Staghorn, she was able to cheer her-
self with visions of the monument to
Sam which would reward her, and
the thought that her probation was
half over. But the thorn had been
planted and when she awoke in the
solemn hours "ayont the twal'," when
courage is ever weakest, and morbid
fancies hardest to vanquish, it ran-
kled, and the ghastly question crept
in, " Was there any hereditary queer-

ness? What had she heard of such
taints skipping one generation ? "
And it was long before she slept.
But the next day's mail brought a
letter from Dr. Carlyle which, like
a mountain breeze, blew all clouds
away. He had arranged to have a
man go to Hillsboro Thursday and
lay a firm foundation for the monu-
ment before frost should unfit the
ground. The stone itself was not
yet finished, but could be set later.
" First train Thursday?" cried Abby ;
" that 's to-morrow. I '11 be there soon
as he is; " and the stone-cutter had
seldom worked for as happy faced a
woman as he met at the Farmer lot.
He had found so many tearful ones
on these occasions that he dreaded
the sight of fluttering skirt or veil,
but Abby was so cheery he told his
wife that night he had " never had
such good company at a grave, and
didn't mind her bossin' the whole
job through."

The cheering impetus of this ex-
perience carried her through the
fourth week of her dislocated duties.
The fifth Sunday egg-breakfast was
over, and Uncle Paul had not ap-
peared to wonder or reproach.

At church a glad surprise awaited
her in the shape of a little apple-
cheeked woman in a gay bonnet and
beaded mantle, who bounced up and
kissed her as she entered her pew.

" Meetin " had not begun, and the
younger women were still chatting
in the porch, but the matrons were
taking their seats, and Abby was
glad there were so many to see how
warmly she was greeted by her
mother's sister, who was known to
live in the handsomest house in a
neighboring town.

"Why, Aunt Marilly ! where did

i6o

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

you drop from?" was the beginning
of a happy talk ending in the promise
of a week's visit from the new-comer,
just as Parson Green went up the
pulpit stairs. Alas ! before the dox-
ology was finished, Abby was won-
dering "What will she sa) r to my
breaking all mother's rules?" and
her uneasiness would have lisen to
pain had she known that, in the gen-
eral welcoming of an old friend after
service, Mrs. Sanborn contrived to
whisper :

"I'm awful glad you're goin' to
stay with Abby a spell. We're all
worried about her livin' alone, an'
gettin' queerer an' queerer ; " with
such an ominous wag of her head
that even cheery little Marilla felt
the most sinister sense of the word,
and began to observe her niece.

"Tired o' beans and Injun pudden,
or don't they 'gree with you?" she
frankly asked, as they sat down to
cold meat, apple pie, and sage cheese.

"Come now, Aunt Marilly, do you
have 'em every Sunday yourself?'
retorted Abby, evading the question.

"Well there— I don't. My girls
don't think they're genteel, an'
Stephen's fond of roast beef, and so
I 've changed round to that ; but it
aint my choice, an' I was reely lottin'
on your mother's old brown bean-pot,
with a juicy chunk o' cracklin' in the
middle, when I got here."

"You shall have 'em before the
week's out," cried Abby heartily;
"an' Injun pudden, too, by mother's
old rule! "

"An' baked in the brick oven?'
added the guest, eagerly.

" I 'm glad to see you have n't give
up to a cookin' stove yet. It does
my heart good to look at that old
crane and pot-hooks, an' to set right

down by 'em. I was dretfully afraid
you 'd make company of me, and
have dinner in the front room."

" I mistrusted you 'd like this best.
You an' me always was a span,
Marilly, if you are my aunt."

" Course we were; onny six years
between us ! "

"But I 'm goin' to start the stove
in the front room, for all the world
an' his wife '11 be comin' to see you ;
but when they 're gone, we '11 dodge
in here and have our talk over the
open fire before we go to bed."

" We will so, Abby, every night
I 'm here. Oh, I mean to have a real
hallelujah-metre kind of a time ! I' m
so sick of talkin' nice, an' bein' proper
to please the girls. They 're as good
as gold, Abby, an' fonder of me than
I deserve, but, oh, dear, there is a
difference since they went to boardin'
school! I mustn't do this nor say
that 'cause it's 'old-fashioned' or
'common.' O' course I want to
please 'em, but it 's tiresome to be
teetotally tryin'-to, an', thinks I, I'll
be as old fashioned 's I please at
Abby's. You won't sigh and look
shocked if I do say ' down sullar '
and 'up cham'er' and 'vittles,' an'
'folks,' an' 'kep.' an' ' meetin'-house.'
An' we '11 have a biled dinner, won't
we, Abby? an' you '11 let me cook?
O Lord, how I do wanter go into my
kitchen sometimes, an' stir up "Some-
thin' relishin' for supper! "

" And why can't you ?" cried Abby
wrathfully.

"Oh, dear, the Irish help would
be starin' an' thiukiu' less of me, and
it ain't supper even, its 'ted.' Say,
Abby, got any butter milk? Let's
have a short-cake for supper, and
bake it in the old tin kitchen 'fore
the fire, can't we? "

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

161

' ' Why, you know mother never held
to much hot cookin' Sabbath day,"
said the hostess regretfully, " but we
will some day; to-night we'll have
cup-cake an' caraway cookies, au'
hone}', an' crab-apples an' buttered
toast. Jim Carlyle thought crab-
apples an' toast were better 'n hot
soda biscuit a while ago."

' 'Jim Carlyle ?" But here the neigh-
bors began to come in, and it was not
till nine o'clock, when all were gone,
that in the cosy chat over kitchen
embers Jim's visit was narrated in
every detail but one, to sympathiz-
ing, loving ears. Marilla was worthy
to be the first one told of the monu-
ment to be raised to Sam, but even to
her nothing was said of Jim's absurd
request, for he had said "Between
us, Abby," and her lips were sealed.

When the last coal had fallen to
ashes, and they were locking up, Ma-
rilla said, "Now you wake me early,
an' I '11 help wash. 'Twont take us
two no time to git through." To her
surprise Abby hesitated. Marilla
could not see her redden, as she
slowly answered, " I 've been thinkin'
I wouldn't wash to-morrow; this
splendid clear weather can't last long ;
it's what Sam used to call ' Staghorn
weather,' an' I 've had a hankerin' to
go up the mountain all summer; an'
now you 're here, Marilly, why can't
we put some lunch in a basket, an'
tramp up 's far as our old sugar camp ?
There's a stove there, an' wood, an'
we '11 heat our coffee, an' have a little
picnic all by ourselves, if we are risin'
fifty."

Manila's brown eyes out-flashed
the tallow dip she was carrying up-
stairs : "Oh, we will, we will, Abby
Farmer ! Who 's to hender ?" Never
were two girls in their teens happier

than this pair, when next morning
they slipped out the back door, armed
with baskets, shawls, and canes.

" What would your blessed Mother
say to our friskiu' off like this a-Mon-
day ?" giggled Marilla, as she rolled
undt-r the pasture bars. "We'll
make up for it by comiu' home the
west path, and stoppin' at Uncle
Paul's. He an' Aunt Phebe'llbe
tickled enough to see you ; an' Su-
san's talk '11 be a good dose o' bitter
gentian to tonic us up after climbin'."

"You do beat all for plannin',
Abby! Oh, ain't I glad I come!
My ! we ought to sing that hymn
about walkin' the golden streets.
Jest look underfoot and overhead,
too!"

And indeed their path through a
young growth of beeches, birches,
and maples, was canopied and car-
peted with every shade of autumn
glory, from palest lemon-color to
glowing orange.

By noon the old sap-house was
reached, and glad enough were these
elderly mountaineers to rest and then
to eat and drink, and feast their eyes
on the beautiful country spread at
their feet. Above them frowned the
horn-like peak, not to be attempted ;
before them a cleared pasture, with
forests of aucient beeches, hemlocks,
yellow birches, and sugar maples on
each side. Years were forgotten.
They almost expected to see Sam and
Jim come joking up from the cold
spring the girls never could find.

"If I was rich — and young" —
sighed Abby, at last, "I'd rather
have a grand big house right here,
than in any city or town that ever

was."

# * * - * *

Their call was happily accomplished

l62

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

and they were safely at home by
"early candle light," and as Marilla
prophesied, "slept without rocking"
after their long out-door day of
healthy fatigue.

The fine weather lasted through
Tuesday with its morning washing
and afternoon visit to the cemetery.
Marilla was eager to iron the same
day, and " done with it," but Abby's
conscience was silently true to Dr.
Carlyle, and the quiet ramble among
the graves of old friends, in the softly
falling leaves, was felt by both as a
benediction.

Wednesday's pouring rain gave
uninterrupted hours not only for the
ironing, but such a cooking of cakes,
pies, doughnuts, and pancakes, as the
brick oven had not known nor Marilla
revelled in for years.

Thursday they had the promised
pork and beans and pudding in per-
fection, and took tea, by invitation, at
Mrs. Henry Carlyle's, where Abby
heard with joy that the doctor was
expected the following week to stay
till after Thanksgiving.

Friday and Saturday were busy
with calls from and on village friends,
and Sunday they found Stephen in
the pew, ready to carry home his
beaming wife in a stylish carriage,
but not before she had assured Mrs.
Sanborn, in the hearing of several
others, that she "never saw Abby
better or with more snap to her in her
life."

The cheerful guest was sadly
missed, but she had left a thrill of
gladness behind her, and not that
alone, for on Monday so many pack-
ages came from the grocer's, that Ab-
by would have sent them back as a
blunder, had not a note come too, de-
claring that she must in conscience

make up for her mistakes and waste
in cooking. So, half-laughing, half-
crying, Abby put away spices, raisins,
sugar, tea, coffee, canned fruits, fancy
crackers, flour, and meal — "enough
to last you an' me till spring, Gail,
an' take boarders besides. How
should you like to have two or three
nice bright folks round, that had seen
foreign countries, an' could tell about
'em, an' give us some new ideas, an'
a chance to do a lot of nice cookin' ?
You're a good friend, Gail, so far 's
you go, but you don't know a fine
sunset from a fog, an' you wont touch
curried chicken. Well, it 's no use
talkin' ! We can't take boarders
without fixin' up the rooms, an' we
can't do that till the mortgage is paid.
But no matter ; w 7 e 've had a beauti-
ful visit from Aunt Marrily, and Jim 's
comin' next week, an' then — the
monument!"

******

The six weeks were over, and
Abb)', in her new cashmere suit, was
crossing the meeting-house green
when she saw the tall, stooping figure
of Dr. Carlyle among the men in the
porch. He was talking in the friend-
liest way with some of the older
farmers, but left them all to meet her
and give her his cordial hand.

" Well, Abby, you 've survived our
experiment, I see. May I come up
to tea again to-morrow (as it won't
be washing-day), and hear all about
it?"

It was a proud and happy Abby
who received him next day, and he
found no fault though the table was
set in the front room, and with cer-
tain new niceties of cooking and ar-
rangement. Abby had kept her eyes
open the night she and Marilla took
tea at Mrs. Henry's.

A NEW ENGLAND CONSCIENCE.

163

There was a generous fire in the
kitchen, too, and it was there they
sat late, while she told him all her
experiences, even to Mrs. Sanborn's
ghastly predictions.

He had laughed heartily over
Uncle Paul and Susan, but now he
was both sober and angry. "The
old raven!" he cried; "and igno-
ramus besides ! L,et me lift that
weight from your mind forever.
Your Grandmother Perkins was no
more insane than I am. She was
delirious in her fever, an altogether
different matter, a mere temporary
condition, a symptom. Some people
are delirious in a feverish cold. You
could no more inherit it, than you
could a cut on her finger or a freckle
on her nose. So tear that cobweb
from your mind, my dear old friend."

"I will; I have already; and I
thank you more than I can say."

' ' But you are not as ready to
shake off the Sunday and Monday
superstitions? Tell me honestly,
Abby."

"Well, then, I am not, Jim. I
did it to please you ; but, you can
laugh if you like, — I guess I 'm too
old a dog to learn new tricks ; an'
there 's more than that, Jim, I love
to keep up mother's ways, and the
ways of my childhood, — for her sake,
an' for old time's sake. An' there 's
more, too. I 've simmered it all over
in my quiet times, an' I b'lieve
there 's solid sense in most of 'em.
Now see here! Isn't it decent an'
out of respect to the Lord's day that
we put clean things on ourselves, an'
our beds, an' dinner tables a-Sab-
bath ; an' then ain't it only decent
that we should wash the others next
mornin' ? (though I have heard
that some outlandish folks keep 'em

months, more shame to 'em) an' o'
course ironin' follers on ; an' then
it 's time for another spell o' cookin',
same as Sat'day was, to get ready
for keepiu' Sunday. I tell you work
goes off easier when there 's a reg'lar
system to it. Isn't there a sayin*
' Order 's heaven's first law ' ? " '

" Abby, Abby, you 've made a good
case! I'm coming round to your
side ; but wait a moment, why beans
and all that, Sunday?"

' ' Because beans and brown bread
an' Injun pudden are things that can
be got ready Sat'day, an' left in the
brick oven, an' so no great works
a-Sabbath."

" True, true ; and of course I know
that our good Puritan ancestors
started us on turkey with Thanks-
giving, so I suppose I must let you
off from that part of my stupid joke."

"Oh, do, do, Jim! It was goin'
to go hard with me not to cook up
all that mother and grand'ma did,
then ; an' I '11 be the thankfulest
woman that goes to meetin' if you
won't hold me to my word, nor yet
think I'm ungrateful for all you're
doin' for Sam's memory. Isn't there
anythin' else I can do to please
you?"

Her rugged face was working with
deep feeling, and his reflected it, as
he leaned over and took her hand.

" Yes, Abby. When you and your
aunt took tea with Henry's wife,
Marilla told about your day on Stag-
horn, and what you said of building
on the site of your old sugar camp.
Henry was struck with the idea, and
took me up there yesterday after-
noon. You 're right, Abby. It is a
noble situation, and if you will sell
me a few acres there, I '11 build a
house where you shall always be a

1 64 COMMON FOLKS.

welcome guest, and where, please This enabled her to renovate her
God, I'll come every summer that house charmingly ; and for many sea-
remains to me." sons Dr. Carlyle sent her from among
At first Abby could not believe his city-tired patients, the congenial
him in earnest ; but he not only con- few of whom she had dreamed,
vinced her of that, but made her so Best of all was the monument to
handsome an offer, that when, on Sam, with its softly draped flag,
Thanksgiving day, she mentally enu- cut in pure white marble over the
merated her blessings, they included words :
not only the payment of the mort- ,,_ , , ,

r Greater love hath no man than this,— that

gage, but a good margin in the bank, he lay down his life for his friends."

COMMON FOLKS.
By Moses Gage Shirley.

Common folks, — I know it 's true,
But I 'm not ashamed, are you?
Have we not the same blue sky
Bending over us on high,
Realms of beauty, wide and fair,
As the richest millionaire ?

Have we not the summer showers,
And the perfume of the flowers,
Autumn colors, red and brown,
And the winter's snow)' crown,
All the budding hopes of spring,
Pulsing life, and flashing wing?

What care we for Fortune's wiles,
Or the cynic's naughty smiles?
What are rank and pedigree,
When but shallow depths we see ?
What are clothes and worldly gear
More than all we strive for here ?

Let them laugh and jeer who may,
Faith still guides us on our way ;
And, though humble be our fare,
We are in our Father's care,
Sure, while nearer His smile invokes,
God still loves the common folks.

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY: ITS HISTORY AND INFLUENCE.

[concluded.]
By A. Chester Clark.

IT has often been said that
New Hampton Literary-
Institution owes its pres-
ent existence to its liter-
ary societies. This
statement is, perhaps, too strong, yet
the potency of these organizations in
building up and sustaining the school
cannot be denied. They have been
the connecting link between it and
the outside world. Many young men
have been attracted thither by their
widespread reputation for efficiency
in imparting that training which is
necessary to a successful life career.
Many have come through the efforts
of some enthusiastic " Frater " who
has hoped thereby to strengthen his
chosen society. To the member him-
self, his society has been the nucleus
about which the most precious memo-
ries of school life have clustered.

In the athletic life of the school,
members of the Social Fraternity
have stood in the front rank. In the
semi-annual field-meets they have
carried off a majority of the honors ;
while as players upon the baseball
and football teams they have borne
an honorable record. This is *not
surprising since, true to the early tra-
ditions of the society, a large major-
ity of its members have come from
the country towns of New Hamp-
shire. Here they have developed
strength in the pure air of a health-
giving environment.

In the intellectual life of the school
they have been leaders. Especially
have they triumphed in the annual
prize speaking contests. This has
been the chief competitive event of

Raymond C. Davis.
Librarian of Michigan University.

the school during a long period of
time. The record of these contests
since 1874 is accessible, and we find
that prizes have been won by mem-
bers of the Social Fraternity as fol-
lows :

1874. First, F. C. Dexter, Lakeport, N. II.
[875. First, George S. Hoyt, Sandwich, N. II.
1877. First, Josiah 11. Quincy, Rumney, N. II.
Second, Fverett Remick, Wolfeborough,

N. II.

i66

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

1878. First, Charles F. Flanders, Wilmot, N. H.

1881. First, Charles L. Sawyer, Wadley's Falls,
N. H.
Second, David, L. Aldrich, Jr., Hope Val-
ley, R. I.

Prof. E. Harlow Russell.
Principal Worcester (Mass.) State Normal School.

18S2. Second, Everett A. Pugsley, Rochester,
N. H.

1883. First, George W. Brown, Water Village,

N. K.

1884. Second, Herbert B. Davis, Meredith,

N. H.

1885. First, Fred S. Libbey, Wolfeborough,

N. H.

1886. Second, Charles H. Carter, Ossipee, N. H.
18S7. First, James C. Emerson, Barnstead, N. H.
1888. First, Charles H. McDuffee, Alton, N. H.

Second, George A. Wentworth, Milton,
N. H.
1890. First, John Potter, Griswold, Conn.

Second, Herbert M. Thyng, New Hamp-
ton, N. H.

1892. First, Samuel A. Howard, Jr., New Hamp-

ton, N. H.
Second, Herbert M. Thyng, New Hamp-
ton, N. H.

1893. First, Chester H. Norris, Belmont, N. H.
Second, Frank Pearson, Madison, N. H.

1894. First, Howard A. llanaford, New Hamp-

ton, N. H.

1895. First, Warren R. Brown, Centre Harbor,

N. H.

1896. First, Walter H. Miller, New Durham,

N. H.
1S97. First, John A. David, Chelsea, Mass.
1S9S. First, Charles A. Rollins, Gilford, N. H.
1900. Second, Wayland F. Dorothy, Enfield,

N. H.

The above record shows that out of
a possible twenty-seven first prizes
the Social Fraternity has been
awarded seventeen ; and out of the
same number of possible second
prizes during the same period it has
won ten. Surely this is an envi-
able showing for a literary society.

A similar record was made in the
special Bates prize debates. These
contests were for a prize offered b} r
the New Hampton club at Bates col-
lege. It was first held in 1897, and
was continued the following two
years. Two out of the three prizes
were awarded to members of the So-
cial Fraternity. They were as fol-
lows :

1897. Richard Pattee, New Hampton, N. H.

1898. A. Chester Clark, Centre Harbor, N. H.

In school journalism as in other
lines the Social Fraternity has been
influential. The Hamptonia, known
as one of the leading school publica-
tions of New England, owes its exis-
tence to a member of this society.
In the early eighties, Clarence B.
Burleigh, who has since become one
of the strongest editors in Maine, his
native state, entered New Hampton
Literary Institution. He soon allied
himself with the Social Fraternity
and became one of its foremost mem-
bers. Ever alive to the interests of
the society, he originated the idea of
starting a society paper. The project
was no sooner conceived than he be-
gan to make efforts to have it carried
into execution. An efficient co-

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

167

worker was found in the person of
J. Grant Quimby, now an aide-de-
camp on the staff of Gov. Chester B.
Jordan of New Hampshire. The
members did not at first look kindly
upon the idea, but it was thoroughly
established in the mind of its origina-
tor, who urged it at every opportun-
ity. At last, after much debate, dur-
ing which Mr. Burleigh defended
every phase of the question, it was
decided that the society should pub-
lish a paper.

The decision made, an unexpected
obstacle was found to be in the way
of its accomplishment.- The authori-
ties of the New Hampton Literary
Institution, to whom the general su-
pervision of the society is given by
the act of incorporation, insisted that
such a paper could not be permitted.
They suggested that a better course
would be for the whole student body
to unite in the publication of a paper.
This was undoubtedly a wise decree,
as the subsequent success of the pub-
lication has shown.

It was soon decided that the paper
should be owned and controlled by
the three societies, the Social Fra-
ternity, the Literary Adelphi, and
the Germanae Dilectse Scientiae. The
management, both editorially and
financially, should be in the hands
of the two former. The first issue
was to be edited by the Social Fra-
ternity, they allowing one page to
the Literal Adelphi and one page
to the Germaiue ; the second was to
be in charge of the Literary Adelphi
which should in turn allow one page
each to the Fraternity and to the
Germanae. Thereafter the manage-
ment was to alternate in the same
manner between these two societies.

The editorial staff elected by the

Social Fraternity was headed by
Clarence B. Burleigh, as editor-in-
chief, and his associates were James
W. Moulton, William R. Garland,
Ralza E. Andrew, and Everett A.
Pugsle)\ These arrangements hav-
ing been completed, the first issue
of the Hamptonia, a thirty-two page
quarterly periodical, appeared in
March, 1883. To Mr. Burleigh, for
his early efforts in behalf of the pub-
lication, much credit is due. The
fact that the arrangements for its
control, made at that time, are still
in vogue, with scarcely any change,
speaks well for his remarkable fore-
sight. During almost a score of
years the Hamptonia has been a wel-
come visitor to the study table of the

Prof. En D. Woodbury.
Principal Cheshire (Conn.) Academy.

student, the alumnus and its other
friends, an excellent advertisement of
the school and a marked testimonial
to the efficient work in literary lines
done by these societies.

i68

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

The influence which the Social
Fraternity has exerted in the school
itself is of no small importance, but
that for which it will be longest re-
membered, and which justifies its
presentation here, has been wrought
upon the lives of men. The life
work of the venerable Rev. Oren B.
Cheney, D. D., the founder, and for
forty years president, of Bates col-
lege, is an excellent example of this.
He was a native of Ashland, and
when quite young met with an acci-
dent which deprived him of the use
of his left hand for a time ; but the
misfortune gave to the worKl a great
educator. Having been graduated

Rev. Oren B. Cheney, D. D.
Founder oj Batt s i

from the old New Hampton academy
in 1835, and Dartmouth college in
1839, he began his long and success-
ful career as a teacher. His earlier
work in this profession was done at
the Farmington (Maine) and the
Strafford (New Hampshire) acade-
mies, Parsonfield seminary, and the

Biblical school at Whitestown, New
York. While at the last place he
prepared for the ministry. But he
was not destined to follow this pro-
fession for a long period. The burn-
ing of Parsonfield seminary in 1854
again turned his thoughts to educa-
tion. It brought vividly before his
mind the need of an institution of
higher learning for the Free Baptist
denomination. He determined to
found such an institution. By con-
secrated effort on his part this deter-
mination soon after began to be real-
ized. The Maine State seminary
was opened itl the fall of 1857 and
six years later it became Bates col-
lege. Dr. Cheney became the first
president, and during the long period
of his incumbency he labored untir-
ingly for its success. Under his care
this worthy college has grown to its
present stature. It is therefore a
member of the Social Fraternity who
has made possible the noble work
this institution has done and is doing
for young men and women.

Prof. Alonzo Smith Kimball, for
a quarter of a century professor of
physics in the Worcester Polytechnic
institute, is another eminent educator
who was in his academy days con-
nected with the Social Fraternity.
Professor Kimball, although afflicted
with an incurable disease during the
last twenty years of his life, forged
slowly ahead until he stood in the
very front rank of teachers in his
department of work. In recognition
of his high standing he was made a
fellow of the Americau Academy of
Arts and Science. His services as a
lecturer and as a contributor to sci-
entific journals were much in demand.
Conscientious in the discharge of his
daily duties, original in method,

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY

169

Prof. Alonzo S. Kimball, Ph. D.
Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

uncommonly skilful in experiment,
charming in manner, unceasing in
good nature, and of noble instinct,
he left his impress upon the insti-
tution with which he was connected.
Many others scarcely less distin-
guished in the educational world de-
serve more than the passing notice
w r e are able to give them. Among
them are the late Daniel G. Beede,
who was superintendent of public
instruction for New Hampshire in
1873 ; Raymond C. Davis, librarian
of Michigan university, Ann Arbor,
Mich. ; Judge Stephen Gordon Nash,
whose munificent gift to education at
New Hampton was mentioned in our
previous article ; Prof. E. Harlow
Russell, principal of the Massachu-
setts State Normal school at Worces-
ter ; Prof. Eri Davidson Woodbury,
A. M., principal of the Episcopal
academy of Connecticut, at Cheshire;
the late Prof. Manson Seavey, A. M.,
of the English High school, Boston,

XXX — 12

Mass. ; Prof. J. Sewall Brown. A. M.,
professor of ancient languages in
Doane college, Crete, Neb. ; the late
Prof. Nathan Leavenworth, A. M.,
principal of Worcester academy,
Worcester, Mass. ; Prof. Fremont L.
Pugsley, principal of Lyndon Insti-
tute, Lyndon Centre, Vt. ; Prof.
Charles E. Corliss, of Burdette Busi-
ness college, Boston ; and Prof.
Frank W. Preston, A. M., under
whose able principalship New Hamp-
ton Literary Institution has entered
upon a new period of marked pros-
perity.

In the realm of jurisprudence the
Social Fraternity has many distin-
guished names. Prominent among
them is that of Hon. Jonathan Gar-
land Dickinson, LL- D. He was one
of the original members of the so-
ciety, and to the training received in
its ranks he afterwards attributed
much of the success of his later life.

Hon. N. B. Bryant.
Retired Attorney- at- Law, Boston, Mass.

I70

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

Prof. Charles E. Corliss. Prof. Fremont L. Pugsley. Prof. John W. Butcher. Hon. James H. Edgerly.

Judge Jonathan Smith.

Hon. Walter Aiken.

Rev Lewis Malvern.

Hon. Joseph Wentworth.

Hon. Samuel D. Felker.

Charles D. Thyng.

Hon. William D. Baker.

George S. Hoyt.

Naturally inclined to the law he
gained in prestige among his asso-
ciates until, in 1862, he was ap-
pointed an associate justice of the
supreme judicial court of Maine, to
which state he had gone from New
Hampshire for the practice of his
profession. Through successive ap-
pointments he remained in this posi-
tion until his death, September 3,
1878.

"His professional life of nearly
forty years was characterized by un-
tiring industry, study, honesty, and
great independence of character. He
was regarded as a wise counselor, an
elocpuent and earnest advocate, and
as a judge, learned and able, bring-
ing to the investigation of legal ques-
tions, keen powers of research and
analysis, making his decisions from
principle rather than from precedent.

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

171

His written opinions, prepared with
scrupulous care, were models of the
kind."

Here are some other lawyers of
note who received their training in
the Social Fraternity : Hon. Stephen
Gordon Nash, formerly judge of the
Suffolk county superior court of
Massachusetts; Hon. James H.
Kdgerly, Hon. Samuel K. Mason,
and Hon. Asa P. Cate, who held pro-
bate judgeships respectively in Straf-
ford, Grafton, and Merrimack coun-
ties ; Hon. Napoleon B. Bryant, the
eloquent and scholarly Boston advo-
cate, who has now retired after a long
and brilliant career ; Hon. George
W. Emery, at one time the law part-
ner of Hon. Benjamin F. Butler; the
brilliant Gen. Harrison C. Hobart, a
leader of the Wisconsin bar; Gen.
Harris M. Plaisted, whose " Digest
of the Maine Reports," upon which
he was engaged three years, has be-
come a well-known authority ; Hon.
Jonathan Smith, special justice of
Second district court of Eastern Wor-
cester, Mass. ; the late Hon. Henry
P. Rolfe, of Concord, N. H. ; Hon.
Samuel W. McCall, and Hon. George
E. Smith of Boston, Mass. Very
many others might be mentioned.

The sphere of the medical practi-
tioner is ordinarily smaller than that
of his more austere neighbor in the
law. Consequently for him to win a
national reputation is not a common
thing. Yet this was accomplished
by the late Dr. J. H. Hanaford, M. D.
Although located in a comparatively
small city his circle of influence was
not confined by city or even state
limits. Although his services as a
family physician were in great de-
mand, his remarkable physical
strength enabled him to spend many

laborious hours in the preparation of
practical works of value upon medi-
cal subjects. Among these were
" Foods," "Anti-Fat and Anti-Eean,"
"Good Bread and How to Make It,"
" Mother and Child," and a number

J^L

J. H. Hanaford, M. D.

of others. The widespread circula-
tion of these works brought him into
touch with thousands, and as a re-
sult he enjoyed in his old age not
only an extensive acquaintance, but
a large mail practice. He died at
his home in Reading, Mass., Sunday,
July 15, 1900, crowned with j-ears
and with honors.

There are probably but few mem-
bers of the society who are more
widely known, in a way, perhaps,
than Mr. Charles R. Carter. Al-
though he entered upon his career as
a character actor but nine years ago,
he is now playing a leading part in
the best and most favorably known
drama of the present day. His

172

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

Charles R. Carter.

"Cy Prime,'''' of 'Potman Thompson's "Old Home-
stead'''' Company.

earlier engagements were with such
favorites of the dramatic world as
Richard Golden, in " Old Jed Prouty,"
and James A. Hearn, in " Shore
Acres." But the height of his fame
has been achieved as the eccentric
" Qy Prime," in Denman Thomp-
son's "Old Homestead." For some
time he has played this character,
the next best part to "Joshua Whit-
comb," ill which role Mr. Thompson
himself appears. This company has
filled engagements in all the larger
cities of the country, and Mr. Carter
has been received with most flatter-
ing words from dramatic critics. The
Post, of Boston, said during his re-
cent visit to that city, that there
would never be another " Cy Prime "
after Charles Carter abandoned the
part. Mr. Carter's rapid rise as an
original and artistic interpreter of
those characters which he has as-
sumed during his several engage-

ments is due largely to the appren-
ticeship which he served in the pub-
lic meetings of the Social Fraternity.
In the business world, also, the So-
cial Fraternity has some notable rep-
resentatives. Chief among them is
Alpheus B. Stickney, president of the
Great Western Railway. As a young
man he went West with no other
capital than his own native ability,
and a determination to win. Al-

Alpheus B. Stickney.
President Great Western Railway.

though prepared for the practice of
law he abandoned that profession for
the railroad business, and has ad-
vanced to a position in the very front
rank. As president of the "Great
Western," he has shown extraordin-
ary executive ability. It is largely
through his management that his has
become one of the leading railway
systems of the country. Mr. Stickney
himself has prospered in a financial
way, and he is now rated as a multi-
millioniare.

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

173

Others who have gone out of the
Social Fraternity to be successful in
the business world are, — Samuel M.
Nickerson, who has just retired from
the presidency of the First National
bank of Chicago, with a fortune
said to be counted by the millions ;
Matthew S. Maloney, one of the origi-
nal members of the society, who after-
wards became a successful merchant
in New York city ; John Went worth,
who, anticipating the great prosperity
to come to Chicago, early invested in
real estate in that city, which so in-
creased in value that at the close of
his prosperous life his estate was
valued at eight millions ; Walter
Aiken, of Franklin, the late success-
ful manufacturer ; and the late Daniel
S. Ford, whose great business ability
enabled him to build up the Youth's
Companion to its present state of
prosperity, to amass a large fortune,
and to become the benefactor, both

Samuel M. Nickerson.
President 1st National Hank, Chicago, III. (Retired.)

after and before his death, of so many
worthy poor.

So far as we know, no member of
the Social Fraternity has devoted his
entire attention to literature. Yet,
even if literature be considered in its
strictest sense, several have made it a
side line of effort, but if the term be
broadened so as to include all those
productions which have historical,
biographical, scientific, or forensic
value, the volume of contributions
made by Fraternity members is very
large. We have already spoken of
the medical writings of Dr. J. H.
Hanaford. Rev. J. M. Brewster
wrote the "Life of William Burr,"
and both Clarence B. Burleigh and
Rev. Edmund M. Vittum, D. D.,
have published works of creditable
fiction. Although his productions
were seldom published, Hon. Stephen
Gordon Nash was a poet of no small
ability. His ode, written for a re-
union of students of New Hampton
Literary Institution, has had a great
popularity among the alumni of that
school. Especially did he excel in
rhythmic portrayals of the natural
landscape, as a manuscript volume of
his works in the Gordon-Nash Li-
brary shows. Rev. Adoniram Jud-
son Gordon, D. D., was a tireless
contributor to the religious literature
of his da>*. Among his published
works are "The Ministry of the
Spirit," "How Christ Came to
Church," "The Holy Spirit in Mis-
sions," "Grace and Glory," " Ecce
Yenit," "The Ministry of Healing,"
"The Twofold Life," and the
"First Thing in the World." Among
these writings many will recognize
helpful and favorite volumes. Dr.
Gordon was also the author of num-
erous hymns.

174

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

The collected speeches of such
men as Hon. George G. Fogg of the
United States senate, Hon. John
Wentworth, Gen. Harris M. Plaisted,
and Hon. Samuel W. McCall, in
the national house of representatives,

Hon. George G. Fogg.
Formely United States Senator.

would make large and creditable vol-
umes. As orators on special occa-
sions these men are accorded a high
place in the estimation of all. In
speaking of the address given by
General Plaisted at the dedication of
Memorial Hall, Waterville, Me., no
less a critic than Hon. George F.
Hoar, of Massachusetts, said, " If
it were bound up in Webster's
speeches it would not be deemed out
of place." Only recently Mr. Mc-
Call has been selected from the large
number of Dartmouth men in public
life to deliver the oration at the
Daniel Webster centennial to be held
at Hanover, June next. This is a
signal honor, yet it is justly con-

ferred, since but few, if any, of the
members of the national house at the
present time are better qualified to
take on the mantle of the great ex-
pounder of the Constitution than Mr.
McCall. Mr. McCall has also writ-
ten the biography of Thadeus Stev-
ens for the "American Statesman
Series," published by Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.

At the present day when journal-
ism has taken the place of oratory to
so great a degree the printed word is
a far more potent medium for the
transmission of thought than the
spoken word. By this means a
man's influence is broadened many
fold. This was well exemplified in
the life of the late Daniel Sharp
Ford. If he had had oratorical tal-
ents and the inclination to use them
he would have wielded an influence
over a limited number, but when
his strong personality exerted itself
through the Youth's Companion there
was scarcely a home in the country
that did not feel its power.

Healthful in its mental and moral
tone, this paper has probably done
more than any other single agency to
counteract the evil of cheap litera-
ture. As its editor, Mr. Ford showed
himself to be a man with but few peers
in the journalistic world. We can do
no better than to quote here from a
characterization of his work in this
capacity, published in the Com-
panion shortly after his death :

" Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, April
5, 1822, the child of godly parents in hum-
ble circumstances, educated in the common
schools, he was only a boy when he started
out in life for himself by learning the printer's
trade. From his earliest manhood, by his
energy, enterprise, industry, and far-sighted-
ness, he gave promise of the eminence which
he was to attain. At about the age of twenty-
two he became a partner in a firm which owned

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

175

and published iti Boston a religious weekly
newspaper of high standing. Rigid self-edu-
cation supplemented the learning acquired in
the common schools, and made him a most
useful and efficient assistant editor of the
paper. ... In 1857, Mr. Ford and his part-
ner bought the Youth's Companion from
Nathaniel Willis, who had founded it, and had
been its .editor for thirty years. Thus for a
time two papers were carried on side by side.
But differences as to policy arose. Mr. Ford
had an ambition to make each paper the leader
in its own field ; and his courage in adopting
expedients and making expenditures to that
end knew no limit. Ultimately it was seen to
be wise for the partners to separate. The prop-
erty was divided, and Mr. Ford became sole
proprietor of the Youi/i's Companion. From
that time forward until his death, Mr. Ford
made the Companion the chief interest of his
life. His mind was constantly on the alert to
devise something new to interest or to instruct
his readers. In the early days of his ownership
of the Companion he carried his double bur-
den of publication and editorship almost alone.
He was at his editorial work at home hours be-
fore breakfast, and at his business office as
early and as long as any of his employes. As
the scope of the paper broadened, and as the
field of its popularity extended gradually over
the whole country, he enlarged his corps of
assistants in both departments, and organized
it with scrupulous care, so that in case he
should be temporarily or permanently unable
to conduct the paper himself, it should suffer
no harm. During the later years of his life,
indeed, the end which he had constantly in
view was to lay the foundations of the paper
so broad and deep, and make it so secure upon
them, that he might be sure of its steady, unin-
terrupted, and successful continuance upon
the course he had marked out for it. A man
of different character might not have cared
what became after his death of that which had
brought him such success while he lived ; but
Mr. Ford worked for permanence, because he
believed in the Companion and in its mission,
and did not want its usefulness bounded by
one short human life. His constant holding to
account of his editors for errors in the min-
utest details had reference not only- to the pres-
ent, but to the future ; the current paper must
indeed be perfect, but so must his assistants
aim at perfection, for to them must he look to
carry on the paper in future years. And in all
departments this constant training went on,
as each man needed it, with the result that the
paper is now left in the hands of a body of men
thoroughly imbued with his spirit and methods
They received it from him as a sacred trust, and
will hold it in its course as he himself would

have held it. The law of life is growth ; and
the Companion will grow, but it will be in the
way he trained it to grow. Never a robust man,
he was in later life an invalid ; and more than
once an enforced abstention from business for
a long period had tested the strength and the
smoothness of running the machinery he de-
vised. The men whom he thus trained have
become heirs to a service he loved and hon-
ored. The great bulk of his property he left
for religious and charitable purposes ; but the
Companion itself remains with his partners.
So long as he was fully in charge of the paper
he was in the truest sense its chief editor. He
could not — because he had neither the time nor
the strength for the task — read all the stories
before they were accepted ; but when they
were selected for publication by the assistant
in charge of this work, they were submitted to
him in type, and if one did not please him it
was ruthlessly cancelled. The same was true
of the miscellany and other parts of the paper ;
his pencil was drawn firmly through any para-

00 -WW

Daniel Sharp Ford.
Lute Editor oj the Youth's Companion.

graph that seemed to him dull or, for any rea-
son, unsuitable. For the mental and moral
growth of his readers, he held himself in the
largest sense responsible. . . . Over the
mechanical departments of the paper he pre-
sided with no less genius. All important mat-
ters were submitted to him. No change of
type, no revision of the system of head-lines,
was adopted until he had studied and approved
what was proposed. He also examined the

176

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

illustrations with a keen and practised eye.
He was, during many years, the final arbiter
in all matters of business. Fertile in plan and
suggestion, he decided how and at what cost
the periodical should be brought to public atten-
tion, where and to what extent the Compan-
ion might reach out to broaden its scope and
increase its usefulness. He knew what was
doing in every department, although he did
not always regulate the minutiae of the work.
He never wholly gave up the business manage-
ment, but latterly had left it more and more to
the associates whom he had selected and
trained."

Among those " Praters " who have
occupied editorial chairs we find the
late Hon. William Butterfield of the
People and Patriot, Concord ; William
P. Hill, at one time associated with
his father, Gov. Isaac Hill, and his
brother, Hon. John M. Hill, in the
publication of Hill's New Hampshire
Patriot, and who afterwards edited
the Portsmouth Journal; Hon.
George G. Fogg, of the Indepen-
dent, Concord ; Rev. Amos Webster,
of the Christian Era, Boston, Mass. ;
Rev. Andrew A. Smith, founder of
and for many years editor of the
Free Baptist, Minneapolis, Minn. ;
Hon. John Went worth, who made
his reputation as editor of the Chi-
cago Democrat ; Hon. t Harris M.
Plaisted, who was for fifteen years
editor of the New Age, Augusta,
Me. ; and Clarence B. Burleigh, who
is now occupying the editorial chair
of the Kennebec Journal, Augusta,
Me., once occupied by the late Hon.
James G. Blaine.

In the defense of their country
members of the Social Fraternity
have fought bravely through three
of our national conflicts, the Mexi-
can War, the Great Rebellion, and
the Spanish War. It would be of
interest, were it possible, to give in
this connection the war record of all
those members who thus bravely ac-

quitted themselves ; but another has
such a record in preparation, and we
leave the task to him.

But this article would be incom-
plete without a reference to the mili-
tary career of the gallant General
Harrison Carroll Hobart, than whom
none has a more honorable record.
At the breaking out of the Great
Rebellion he took a firm stand for
the Union, became active in the re-
cruiting service, raised a company in
which he enlisted as a private, and
being elected captain later he was as-
signed to the Fourth Infantry. The
regiment left Wisconsin for the front,
but at Corning, N. Y., they were re-
fused transportation by the railroad.
After gaining permission from his
superiors, Captain Hobart seized the
first train coming over the road, at-
tached the engine to the cars con-
taining the troops and compelled the
engineer to pull them into Hlmira.
The regiment was located in Mar}^-
land until March, 1862, when it
started for New Orleans with Gen-
eral Butler. There it participated in
the campaign that resulted in the
capture of that city. The regiment
was then in active service around
Baton Rouge and Vicksburg for
some time. August 14, 1862, Cap-
tain Hobart was made lieutenant-
colonel of the Twenty-first Wisconsin
regiment and went to his command
in Kentucky. The colonel being
permanently disabled, he had full
command. This regiment went into
its first engagement under Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Hobart at Murfreesboro,
where it attacked and defeated
Wheeler's Confederate cavalry of
3,500 men. General Rousseau paid
him a glowing tribute in his report.
Lieutenant- Colonel Hobart was ac-

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

177

tively engaged with the Army of the
Cumberland in all the hard fought
battles of that army. At Chicka-
mauga, while gallantly fighting to
hold their ground, the remainder of
the army was obeying orders to re-
treat, which Lieutenant-Colonel Ho-
bart had not received, and the gal-
lant commander with about seventy
of his men were made prisoners of
war. Then followed incarceration in
Libby prison, that place of torment
in which so many brave Union men
met their doom through starvation
and pestilence. But this was not
to be the fate of Lieutenant-Colonel
Hobart. A tunnel seventy feet in
length and eight feet below the sur-
face was dug, and one hundred and
nine men under his leadership passed
out, four months and ten days after
his incarceration. About half of
this number, including Lieutenant-
Colonel Hobart, reached the Union
lines. This was one of the most
daring deeds of the war. He now
returned to Wisconsin where he was
given an ovation worthy of a man
who had acquitted himself so gal-
lantly. The legislature was then in
session and upon their invitation he
met an immense audience and re-
lated his thrilling experiences at the
front. Wherever he went he re-
ceived the same houorable recogni-
tion. At the expiration of his fur-
lough, he rejoined his regiment in
the field and received his commission
as colonel. The regiment was now
a part of Sherman's advance upon
Atlanta. It participated in the bat-
tles of Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Dal-
las, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, Marietta, Chattahoochie,
Peach Tree Creek, and the Capture
of Atlanta. Then followed the march

"from Atlanta to the sea." At
Savannah Colonel Hobart was pro-
moted by President Lincoln, on rec-
ommendation of General Sherman,
brigadier-general by brevet for mer-
itorious services. General Hobart
now accompanied Sherman through
the Carolinas toward Richmond, par-
ticipating in the engagements of
Averysboro, Bentonville, the Capture
of Releigh, and others. After Lee's

Gen. Harrison C. Hobart.

surrender General Hobart, with his
brigade, marched to Washington for
the grand review of the Union armies.
He was relieved of his command Jan-
uary 8, 1S65, by an order in " high
appreciation of the faithful, efficient,
and energetic manner in which he
discharged his duties."

Another gallant soldier of the
Great Rebellion was General Harris
Merrill Plaisted to whom reference
has already been made. In 1861,
when the crisis came, he raised a
company in thirty days which was

i 7 8

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

assigned to the Eleventh Maine regi-
ment as Company K. October 21
he became lieutenant-colonel, and
November 12 left for Washington,
where he had special charge of the
Officers' School of Instruction in

Gen. Harris M. Plaisted.
Ex-Governor oj Maine.

Tactics during the winter. May 12,
1862, he was promoted to the colo-
nelcy of the Eleventh regiment, and
took part in the Siege of Yorktovvn,
the Battle of Williamsburg, the Bat-
tle of Fair Oaks, and the "Seven
Days" fighting before Richmond.
In the summer of 1862, during a
leave of absence of thirty days spent
in Maine, he enlisted three hundred
and twenty recruits in his regiment.
In 1863, he was transferred to the
department of the South, where he
commanded a brigade under General
Gilmore, taking part in the memora-
ble siege of Charleston. His regi-
ment was again greatly depleted, and
in February, 1864, he again returned
to Maine and enlisted over three

hundred recruits. April, 1864, Col-
onel Plaisted was transferred with his
brigade to Virginia, where he com-
manded it in Grant's great campaign
of i864-'65, against Richmond and
Petersburg, during which his com-
mand never moved to the front with-
out him, and never failed to accom-
plish what was set down for it to
do. He was warmly commended by
all his commanders for his gallant
conduct during all the campaign.
Besides the sieges of Petersburg and
Richmond his brigade was engaged
in fifteen battles. His old regiment,
the Eleventh Maine, w T hich consti-
tuted a part of his brigade, had suf-
fered heavily during these battles,
and November 1, 1864, he obtained
leave of absence and again recruited
it to the number of over three hun-
dred. General Plaisted was especi-
ally proud of this regiment which he
raised, recruited, and officered almost
from the beginning. He was mus-
tered out March 25, 1865, having
attained the rank of major-general
by brevet for ' ' gallant and meritori-
ous conduct in the field."

Very many members of the Social
Fraternity have entered the pulpit
and have met with deserved success.
Some are now preaching in large
city churches, as, for example, Rev.
L,ewis Malvern of Portland, Maine,
and Rev. Lewis Dexter of Lowell,
Massachusetts. Rev. John Malvern,
on account of ill health, has just
retired from a successful pastorate at
Minneapolis, Minnesota. The late
Rev. Andrew A. Smith w 7 as also set-
tled over a prosperous church at
Minneapolis. Rev. Burton Minard is
a prominent evangelist. Rev. Charles
F. Penney, D. D., was for thirty-four
years settled over the Free Baptist

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

'79

church at Augusta, Maine, and bore
an enviable name as a pastor, a
preacher, and a man of God. Rev.
Isaac N. Hobart, D. D., was agent
of the American Baptist Home Mis-
sion Society. Rev. Edmund M. Vit-
tum, D. D., is now pastor of a large
church at Grinnell, Iowa. Rev. Oren
B. Cheney, D. D., was a talented
preacher as well as an educator.

But by far the most distinguished
divine within the ranks of the society
was the Rev. Adoniram Judson Gor-
don, for so many years the effective
pastor of the Clarendon Street Bap-
tist church, Boston. Born in New
Hampton, April 19, 1836, the quiet-
ness of this country town was very
acceptable to his meditative nature.
The near-by peaks of Hersey and the
more distant rugged ranges of the
White Mountains imparted strength
of mind as well as of body. The
picturesque landscape of the region,
ever varying with the changing sea-

Rev. John Malvern.

Rev. Edmund M. Viftum.

sons, developed within him the poetic
faculty. In fact the environment was
faultless for the making of a great
preacher. As the young man grew
to maturity, his sterling qualities
of mind, body, and soul showed
themselves. Dr. Gordon was, as
a preacher, simple, modest, tender,
fearless, and enthusiastic. In power
of illustration he was most fertile.
As a pastor he stood even higher
than as a preacher. His parish was
broad, including all who needed a
spiritual friend. Indefatigable in his
labors, but few men have accom-
plished so much good in the world
as he.

As notable as has been the success
of members of the Social Fraternity
in all these other lines, it has been in
the direction of politics that they
have received the greatest honors.
There is scarcely a town in the state
which has not at some time hon-
ored one of them. In both state and

i8o

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

Hon. Nahum J. Bachelder.
Secretary State Board of Agriculture.

national governments they have held
honorable places. It would take a
volume to contain the merest men-
tion of the careers of these men.
Consequently we must pass over
many such honored names as Hon.
George E. Smith, president of the
Massachusetts senate during several
recent sessions; Hon. James B. Ten-
nant, of the present governor's coun-
cil in New Hampshire ; Hon. Nahum
J. Bachelder, secretary of the New
Hampshire Board of Agriculture ;
Hon. Asa P. Cate, a defeated candi-
date of the Democracy, for governor
of New Hampshire ; Hon. William
Butterfield and Hon. Ai B. Thomp-
son, both of whom were secretary of
state for New Hampshire; Hon.
Jacob F. James, ex-mayor of Man-
chester; Hon. Daniel S. Chase, ex-
mayor of Haverhill, Mass. ; Hon.
Samuel K. Mason and Hon. Joseph
Wentworth, respectively Liberal Re-
publican and Prohibition candidates

for governor of New Hampshire ;
Gen. Harrison Carroll Hobart, a
leader in Wisconsin politics for more
than half a century ; Hon. William
D. Baker, Hon. Samuel D. Felker,
Hon. Frank B. Preston, Bradbury R.
Dearborn, George S. Hoyt, Charles
D. Thyng, and Charles B. Hoyt, all
prominent in New Hampshire poli-
tics in recent years ; Hon. George G.
Fogg, the distinguished United States
senator from New Hampshire ; and
many others. We will speak briefly
of the careers of Hon. John Went-
worth, Hon. George W. Emery, Hon.
Harris M. Plaisted, and Hon. Samuel
W. McCall, as being typical of the
class.

Hon. John Wentworth was one of
the most distinguished sons of the
Granite state. He was born in Sand-
wich, March 5, 18 15. Among his
ancestors were some of the most dis-
tinguished citizens of New Hamp-
shire during the Colonial and Revo-

Hon. James B. Tennant.
Member of the Governor's Council.

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

181

lutionary periods. His early educa-
tion was obtained in the academies
at Gilmanton, Wolfeborough, New
Hampton and South Berwick, Me.
He was graduated from Dartmouth
college in 1836 and in 1867 that insti-
tution conferred upon him the degree
of LX- D. Immediately after gradua-
tion he went to Chicago with the in-
tention of studying law, but in less
than one month after his arrival he
had been offered and had accepted
the editorial chair of the Chicago
Democrat, at that time the leading
newspaper of the Northwest. This
position he filled for twenty-four
years with signal ability'. In 1843
he was elected a member of congress,
being the youngest man at that time
in the national house. He was after-
wards reelected five times, serving his
constituents faithfully and creditably.
In 1857 he was elected mayor of Chi-
cago, and again in i860 he was placed
in the same office. Here, too, he ac-
quitted himself with much credit.
He served in other capacities at va
rious times, but during the latter pait
of his life refused to accept political
positions.

After leaving New Hampton, Hon.
George W. Emery graduated from
Dartmouth college, studied law in
the office of Hon. Benjamin F. But-
ler and Hon. Nicholas St. John
Green, of Boston, and remained with
them in the practice of law for sev-
eral years. Sickness, however, neces-
sitated a change of climate, and he
went to Nashville, Tenn. Soon after
his political career was begun. In
the spring of 1870 he was appointed
supervisor of internal revenue, and
first had for his district the state of
Tennessee. To this territory was
afterward added the states of Ken-

tucky, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisi-
ana, and Texas, making in all six of
the Confederate states. At this time
he had something more than 2,700
men under him and had a standing
order from the secretary of war to all

Hon. George W. Emery.
Ex-Governor of Utah.

commanders of the military' posts in
his district to render him all the as-
sistance he required in enforcing the
law in the collection of the revenue.
The position of supervisor of internal
revenue was held \>y him some five
years. At the end of this time he re-
signed, and a few months later Presi-
dent Grant appointed him governor
of Utah. The affairs of Utah at that
time were in a turbulent condition
and Mr. Emery was the fifth person
appointed governor in five years.
He remained there as governor long
enough to hold three biennial ses-
sions of the legislature. Governor
Emery had the absolute veto and
pardoning powers which were not

182

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

granted to other territorial governors.
Consequently lie was able, although
the legislature was composed entirely
of Mormons, to give the territory leg-
islation in harmony with the states
and other territories in everything
except polygamous marriages. Upon
his return from Utah, Governor
Emery took up his residence in
Marshfield, Plymouth county, Mass.
There he has an interesting home
overlooking the ocean and in sight of
the Daniel Webster home, and many
other places of historical interest.

Gen. Harris M. Plaisted was a na-
tive of Jefferson, having been born
there November 2, 1828. His early
preparatory training was at Lancas-
ter academy, Lancaster ; St. Johns-
bury academy, St. Johnsbury, Vt.,
and finally at New Hampton in 1849.
In September of that year he en-
tered Waterville college, and was
graduated in 1853. Although he
had met with remarkable success as
a teacher during the years of his
academic and collegiate training his
natural bent was for the law. He
therefore entered the law school of
the University of Albany, and gradu-
ated in 1855 with the highest honors
of his class. His diploma admitted
him to the New York bar, and one
year later he was admitted to the
Maine bar and began the practice of
his profession in Bangor. In 1858,
1859, 1860, he was a member of the
staff of Gov. Lot M. Morrill. In the
campaign of i860, he took a promi-
nent part, and in the dark days of
the republic following the election of
Lincoln and previous to his inaugu-
ration he supported the cause of the
Union with the enthusiasm of one
wholly devoted. His military career
has already been spoken of in a pre-

vious part of this article. After the war
he became more prominent than ever
in law and politics. He served in the
legislatures of 1867 and 1868 as a mem-
ber from Bangor. He was a delegate-
at-large to the National convention of
1868, held in Chicago. In 1873 he
was elected attorney-general of the
state in a contest in which he had
several prominent opponents, includ-'
ing Hon. Thomas B. Reed. He was
reelected in 1874, and again in 1875.
His career as attorney-general was
a creditable one. Among the cases
which he tried were a number of the
best known criminal cases that have
come before the Maine courts. De-
cember 1, 1875, General Plaisted re-
signed his position as attorney-gen-
eral to accept the office of congress-
man from the Fourth Maine district
to which he had been elected. He
served in the Forty-fourth congress
with marked success. His connec-
tion with the "Whiskey Frauds"
investigation won him great ap-
plause. It was he who cleared the
public mind of all thought of General
Grant's connection with these frauds,
although Grant's reputation was at-
tacked by a number of rival candi-
dates for the presidency. In 1879
General Plaisted left the Republican
party, and in 1880 he was unani-
mously nominated for governor by
the opposition. He was elected by
a vote of 73,770 to 73,544 for Daniel
F. Davis and served two years. In
1883 and 1889 he was the Democratic
candidate for senator.

Hon. Samuel W. McCall was born
in East Providence, Pennsylvania,
February 28, 1851, but when two
years old he removed with his father
to Illinois. He entered New Hamp-
ton Institution in 1867 and gradu-

THE SOCIAL FRATERNITY.

183

ated in 1870, being the valedictorian
of his class. He entered Dartmouth
college in 1870. He took an active
interest in athletics and college jour-
nalism, being one of the directors of
the baseball team, president of the
college boat club, and an editor of
the Dartmouth Anvil, which was the
largest college weekly then in exist-
ence, and printed the first daily ever
printed in an American college. Mr.
McCall graduated in 1874 with the
second average rank in a class grad-
uating sixty-five to the degree of
A. B., and he especially excelled in
the classics. He studied law and
when admitted to the bar began its
practice in Boston about January 1,
1876, and he has ever since had his
office in that city. He was elected to
the Massachusetts legislature in 1887
and 1888, serving the latter year as
chairman of the judiciary committee,
which was the position of leader of
the house. He introduced and the
house passed a bill to restrict the
use of money in elections, which was
the first bill of that character that
ever passed a legislative body in this
country. He also introduced a meas-
ure which finally passed, making
sweeping changes in the laws relat-
ing to imprisonment for debt, and
effected one of the greatest practical
reforms ever accomplished by a sin-
gle statute in Massachusetts. He
was elected a delegate to the Na-
tional Republican convention in 1888,
and made a speech in that body sec-
onding the nomination of General
Gresham to the presidency. Mr.
McCall was reelected to the Massa-
chusetts legislature in 1891, and in
1892 was nominated by the Repub-
licans of the Eighth Congressional
district for the national house of rep-

resentatives. At the last previous
election the district was Democratic.
His antagonist was Hon. John F.
Andrew, who had been a member for
two terms. After one of the most
exciting campaigns ever held in Mas-
sachusetts, Mr. McCall was elected,
and he has ever since represented
the district in congress, having been
elected for a fifth term. During his

Hon. Samuel W. McCall.
Member of Congress from Massachusetts.

congressional career he has served
upon the committee on elections and
judiciary, and is now a member of
the most important committee of
the house, that of ways and means.
Placing the public weal before the
fluctuating waves of public opinion,
his career has been characterized by
great independence. Several times
he has obeyed the call of duty as he
understood it, and has broken from
his party. At the time the Porto
Rican tariff bill was under considera-

1 84

OVER THERE.

tion, he presented an able minority
report from the ways and means com-
mittee. His speech on this subject
is regarded as one of the ablest con-
stitutional arguments of recent years.
In speaking of the Social Fraternity
Mr. McCall says :

"The essential feature of its his-
tory is, that during its long life it
has been a strong educating force.
If I might cite my own case as an
illustration, I would say that there
was no single feature of my school
or college life which caused me to do

more good work or from which I re-
ceived more benefit."

Hundreds of others stand ready to
give a similar testimony to its in-
fluence. Upon the life of each the
impress of the society has been left,
strengthening them for the duties of
life, and implanting in them an am-
bition to live a life of usefulness.
Thus the acts of its members become
a part of the society life itself. May
the benign influence of this noble
organization never cease to be ex-
erted for the good of mankind.

OVER THERE.

By Cyrus A. Stone.
" Over the Alps lies our Italy."

Just over there,' across the Alpine mountains,

Beside the sunlit sea,
With all its crystal streams and sparkling fountains,

L,ies our fair Italy.

Sometimes, bewildered 'midst the doubts and changes

Of each receding day,
With faltering feet we climb the rocky ranges

That rise along the way.

But every height attained, the air grows clearer,

The view more grandly fine ;
And home, sweet home, is ever drawing nearer,

That dear old home of mine.

Its glowing lights in fadeless beauty blended,

Gleam out across the tide ;
And over there, with the last journey ended,

I shall be satisfied.

THE HERMIT THRUSH.

By Editli L. Swain.

The hills are draped in shadow,

White-wreathing mists upfloat,
From out the silent forest

There rings a strange, clear note :
No merry, mad outpouring

Disturbs the sunset's calm,
But, mingling with the glory,
The sweetest, holiest psalm.
" J°y °' er woe triumphs, —
Triumphs, —
Joy o'er woe triumphs,
Peace follows pain."

What means the strain so tender,
So fraught with sweetest hope,
And yet with ghosts of sorrows

That through its fancies grope ?
'T is heaven and earth commingling,

'Tis pity, love, and peace ;
'Tis banners after battles,
'Tis care and soft release.
" Joy o'er woe triumphs, —

Triumphs, —
Joy o'er woe triumphs,
Peace follows pain."

Saint John of birds, thou hermit,

From close beside the throne,
Beholding earth's deep anguish,

Interpreter alone
Of love and sorrow blending,

Sing on of robes washed white
Through greatest tribulation, —
Sing morn is born of night.
" Joy o'er woe triumphs, —

Triumphs, —
Joy o'er woe triumphs,
Peace follows pain."

xxx— 13

REV. ATWOOD BOND MESERVEY, D. D.

Rev. Atwood Bond Meservey, ex-principal of the New Hampton Literary Insti-
tution, died at his home at New Hampton, February 20, the immediate cause be-
ing a complicated disease of the kidneys.

Dr. Meservey was born in Appleton, Me., September 30, 1831. His early
education was obtained at a neighboring high school and at Kent's Hill seminary,
Kent's Hill, Me. He attended Bowdoin Medical college one year, but decided to
enter the ministry, and came to New Hampton to prepare for that profession. In
1857 he was graduated from the institution, and three years later from the Biblical
school then located there. He was afterwards connected with Andover Theologi-
cal seminary and Brown university from the latter of which he received the degree
of A. M. in 1862. He has since received the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy
and'Doctor of Divinity, both from Bates college.

He was ordained to the Free Baptist ministry in 1861 and was settled as pas-
tor of the Meredith church, but in 1862 he became professor of mathematics and
natural science at New Hampton Literary Institution. This position he held for five
years, when he accepted the position of principal of Northwood seminary, North-
wood, N. H. One year later he returned to New Hampton to become principal of
the institution, which position he held until he was succeeded in 1898, after thirty
years of faithful service, by Prof. Frank W. Preston, A. M.

He was the author of a series of text-books, including bookkeeping, banking,
and political economy, which has had an extended use throughout the country.
He also wrote two works of fiction, "Through Struggle to Victory " and " Drifting
and Resisting."

He was married three times: first, in 1861, to Miss Elizabeth G. Bean, of Can-
dia, who died in 1862 ; second, in 1871, to Mrs. Lovina S. Meade of Northwood,
who died in 1880; and third, in 1883, to Miss Clara B. Fall, who died in 1887.

He is survived by a daughter, Mrs. Willis S. Piper, of Pueblo, Col., and a son,
Arthur B., who is now a student at New Hampton Literary Institution ; also by
Mrs. George W. Scribner, of Ashland, who was a daughter of his second wife by a
previous marriage, but who was brought up in his family.

Dr. Meservey was one of the most prominent educators of the state during
the thirty years of his principalship at New Hampton. A man of marked ability,
of sound judgment, of phenomenal tact in school management, and of affable dis-
position, he will be remembered and revered by the thousands of students who
have come under his tuition.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY. 187

COL. EBENEZER STEVENS.

Col. Ebenezer Stevens died at his home in Meredith, Friday, February 15,
1 90 1. He was a native of Gilford, where he was born May 9, 18 10. He was a
descendant of Maj. Ebenezer Stevens, famed as an Indian fighter during the
French and Indian war, while his maternal grandfather was Dr. Howe, a brother
of Gen. Sir William Howe, commander of the British forces at Bunker Hill, and of
Richard Howe, lord admiral of the British navy. Although connected so directly
with the British cause, Dr. Howe fought on the American side at Bunker Hill.

Colonel Stevens's early education was obtained in the public schools and at
Gilmanton academy. In early life he followed the trade of blacksmithing, but
later he entered the general merchandise business at Meredith. In his younger
days he was much interested in military affairs, and was colonel of the old Tenth
regiment of state militia.

He had been connected with several banking enterprises, among which was the
Meredith Village Savings bank. He helped to organize this institution, and was
one of its trustees at the time of his death. He was several times selectman of
Meredith, his term of service including those years when the town had the onerous
burden of raising the state's quota of soldiers for the War of the Rebellion. He
was representative to the legislature in 185 4— '55 ; a defeated candidate of the Re-
publicans for state senator and for councillor; and one of the presidential electors
who cast the vote of the state for Abraham Lincoln in i860.

He had been, since 1840, a member of the Free Baptist church at Meredith,
and was for many years a trustee of the New Hampton Literary Institution.

He was a justice of the peace for over fifty years and during this time tried
many cases. Probably no other man in Belknap county has done more business
in the probate court than Colonel Stevens.

PROF JOHN P. MARSHALL.

John Porter Marshall, A. M., professor of geology and mineralogy in Tufts
college, and dean of the faculty, was born in Kingston, August 11, 1823, and died
at College Hill, Mass., February 4, 1901.

He prepared for college at the Kingston and Atkinson academies, and was
fitted to enter at sixteen years of age, but spent a year at work in a carriage fac-
tory for the development of his physical powers.; entered Yale in 1840, and gradu-
ating among the first of his class in 1844. After graduation from Yale, Mr. Mar-
shall began teaching. While in Danvers, Mass., he was visited by Dr. Charles H.
Leonard, now of Tufts Divinity school, but then a member of the Chelsea school
board, and soon afterward became principal of the Chelsea High school. He
taught most successfully in Chelsea until he received the offer of a professorship
in the new college, together with an uigent request that he would consent to lend
his aid to the work of its establishment. After serious consideration he decided
to accept the professorship, but did not at once give up his position in Chelsea,
and this gave rise to the old saying, familiar to many of the early graduates at
Tufts, that Professor Marshall taught the Chelsea High school in the morning and
Tufts college in the afternoon.

1 88 NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

Professor Marshall at first had charge of all the scientific work of the college.
Later, as the college grew and new instructors were engaged, his burdens were
gradually lightened until only mineralogy and geology remained. These branches
he taught up to the time of his retirement in 1899, a ^ er a continuous teaching
life with that institution of forty-five years.

He was Dr. Ballou's most active assistant in the work of organization, and for
the year following Dr. Ballou's death was acting president of Tufts. He was the
first professor of the college to be appointed, and was the senior member as well
as dean of the faculty.

In November, 1853, he married Miss Caroline Clement of Chelsea, a beautiful
and talented woman, who died four years ago. They had two children, a son and
a daughter, the latter only surviving her father. During the Civil War, Professor
Marshall spent two years in hospital service in the South. In 1872 being greatly
in need of rest, he obtained leave of absence from the college, and spent fourteen
months in England, Germany, and Italy.

When he went to Tufts he brought with him a small private collection of min-
erals and fossils. Through his earnest efforts this collection was enlarged, by gifts
from various quarters, to its present splendid proportions, and as curator, the care
of it always remained in his hands.

REV. SYLVESTER A. PARKER.

Rev. Sylvester Ames Parker, who died at Springfield, Vt, January 5, 1901,
was a native of the town of Lempster in this state, born June 10, 1834, being a
son of William B. and Amanda (Miner) Parker. He was educated in the schools
of his native town, at Tubb's Union academy, Washington, and at the Green
Mountain Liberal Institute at South Woodstock, Vt., from which he graduated in
1855. He then attended Tufts college for one term, and on May 10, 1856, was
united in marriage with Nancy M. Green of Barnard, Vt. In 1857, with his wife
he went to Warren county, Ga., where they had charge of Oak Grove academy for
that and the following year, his wife dying there August 8, 1858.

Returning to New England he continued his studies for the Universalist minis-
try, to which he was ordained at Stowe, Vt., August 25, 1859, and was located
there three years, being united in marriage July 8, i860, with Mary A. Huntoon of
Hyde Park, Vt., by whom he is survived. May 1, 1862, he removed to Bethel,
Vt., where he ever after had his home, and where he was for sixteen years pastor
of the Universalist church. He was for many years secretary of the Universalist
convention of Vermont and the Province of Quebec, and was an active worker for
the welfare of his denomination in all parts of the state. His death was the result
of a stroke of apoplexy, which came to him while officiating at the funeral of a
friend in Springfield.

REV. STEPHEN G. ABBOTT.

Rev. Stephen Gano Abbott, born in Bridgewater, Mass., November 9, 18 19,
died at Keene, February 15, 1901.

Mr. Abbott was the youngest of eight children of Rev. Samuel and Sarah
(Rand) Abbott. When he was at the age of eight years his father removed to the

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECRGEOGY. 189

town of Bradford in this state. In addition to a common school education he se-
cured the advantage of one term at New Hampton, and then attended the Liter-
ary and Scientific Institution at Hancock, with a view to preparation for college,
but was compelled to abandon the project of a college course to assist his father
in a manufacturing enterprise upon which he had entered at Antrim, devoting his
winters, however, to school teaching.

In 1S45 he decided to enter the ministry, and began the study of theology at
the Baptist Theological Institution at New Hampton, where he graduated in 184S.
He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in Campton in 1849. His mm i s -
terial career was confined largely to the assistance of feeble churches, and to work
among the smaller parishes. He held pastorates in Meriden, Bradford, Antrim,
Hinsdale, and Swanzey in this state ; Windsor and Stamford in A r ermont ; Wollas-
ton, Needham, and North Adams in Massachusetts.

When the First regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers, was raised, at the out-
break of the Rebellion, Mr. Abbott was made chaplain of the same, through the
instrumentality of its commander, Col. M. W. Tappan, a personal friend. In this
position, whose duties he faithfully discharged, he formed associations among the
officers and men, which were always a source of gratification to him. He was one
of the most popular officers in the command, and later wrote and published a very
full history of the regiment. While a resident of Vermont, Mr. Abbott was twice
chosen a member of the legislature. In 187 1 he received from Bates college the
honorary degree of Master of Arts. He was a trustee of Colby academy, New
London, and was prominently identified with the educational institutions of the
towns where he resided, as superintending committee, etc. In 1887, he was
elected chaplain of the New Hampshire house of representatives. He was a
member of the Masonic fraternity, and politically a Republican.

Mr. Abbott's last pastorate was at West Swanzey, where he went in 1883, and
remained about six years. He removed thence to Wollaston, Mass., and then to
Keene, where he afterward resided. He preached frequently, and did other min-
isterial and literary work, after he retired, his last sermon having been delivered at
the Baptist church in Keene, in March, 1900.

Mr. Abbott, with two other ex-chaplains of the war, — Rev. John W. Adams and
Rev. E. R. Wilkins — in 1899, organized the New Hampshire Association of Mili-
tary Chaplains.

On April 16, 1846, he was united in marriage with Sarah B., daughter of Dea.
Moses and Abigail Cheney of Holderness, a sister of Rev. O. B. and of Hon. P. C.
Cheney, who died December 26, 1897, in Keene. Their only child, with whom
they had their home in their later years, is Hon. John T. Abbott of Keene, for-
merly United States minister to Colombia, born in Antrim, April 26, 1850.

HON. NATHANIEL HOLMES.

Hon. Nathaniel Holmes, born in Peterborough, July 2, 1814, died at Cam-
bridge, Mass., February 2, 1901.

When ten years of age he commenced the study of Latin at the academy in
Chester, Vt. He subsequently studied at Appleton academy, New Ipswich, and
Phillips-Exeter, graduating from the latter in 1833, and from Harvard college in

i 9 o NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

1837. Upon graduating he went South and was employed as a private tutor in
Maryland. Then he returned to Cambridge and spent a year at the Harvard Law
school. In 1S39 he was admitted to the bar in Boston. Twenty years later he
received the degree of A. M.

He opened his first law office in St. Louis, in 1841. For the two succeeding
years he was a partner of Thomas B. Hudson. During the years i846-'53 his
brother, Samuel A. Holmes, was his partner. In June, 1865, he was appointed
one of the judges of the supreme court of Missouri. He held the office till 1868,
when he resigned to accept the royal professorship in the Harvard Law school.
Three years later he resigned this office and returned to the practice of law in St.
Louis.

About ten years later he came East again, and purchased his home in Cam-
bridge, where he had since lived, working at his books, or not working at all.

In 1856 Judge Holmes helped to organize the Academy of Science of St.
Louis, and later he served as vice-president and as corresponding secretary. He
had been a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1870.

He was a confirmed Baconian. In 1866 he published a work entitled "The
Authenticity of Shakespeare." This book had a large sale, running to the third
edition. He was also the author of a book on " Philosophy of the Universe." He
considered his best book to be " Realistic Idealisms in Philosophy," issued in
1888.

Judge Holmes understood many languages, and was especially proficient in
Latin. As a lawyer he stood very high. He was regarded, when in his prime, as
one of the leading jurists of the country. His remains were brought to his native
town of Peterborough for interment.

HON. WILLIAM H. HAILE.

Hon. William Henry Haile, ex-lieutenant governor of Massachusetts, and one
of the best known public men of the state, died at his home in the city of Spring-
field, February 13, 1901, from chronic Bright's disease.

Mr. Haile was born in the town of Chesterfield, in this state, September 28,
1833, being the son of the late William Haile, governor of New Hampshire in
1857— '58, and removing with the family to Hinsdale, while in infancy, where his
father engaged extensively in manufacturing.

After graduating from the Hinsdale public schools he prepared for college in
Kimball Union academy, Meriden, passed a year and a half at Amherst, and then
entered Dartmouth college, from which he was graduated with the highest honors
in 1856, being a classmate of the late Gov. B. F. Prescott, and of Judge Caleb
Blodgett. He then went to Springfield, where he studied law, and was admitted
to the bar. For a short time he practised law in Boston, after which he returned
to Hinsdale to engage in the manufacture of woolen goods. He became a partner
of his father and Mr. Frost, under the firm name of Haile, Frost & Co. The busi-
ness was afterward transferred to a corporation called the Haile & Frost Manu-
facturing company, of which Mr. Haile was the president, and continued until his
death, although he removed to Springfield in 1872, where he became identified

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY. 191

with various prominent business industries and enterprises, and was also, for sev-
eral years past, president of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers.

While residing in Hinsdale Mr. Haile represented that town in the New Hamp-
shire legislature in 1865 and 1866, and again in 1871. In 1881 he was chosen
mayor of Springfield. In 1882, and again in 1883, he represented the First
Hampden district in the Massachusetts senate. In 1889 he was elected lieutenant-
governor of Massachusetts, on the ticket with John Q. A. Brackett for governor —
another native of New Hampshire. In the following year he was again elected,
though Governor Brackett was defeated by Hon. W. E. Russell, and again in 1891,
when Charles H. Allen ran for governor on the Republican ticket, and was also
defeated by Governor Russell, Mr. Haile was elected for a third term. In 1892,
however, when nominated himself by the Republicans for governor, he was de-
feated by Governor Russell, who was again the Democratic candidate.

Mr. Haile was an active member of the First Congregational church of Spring-
field, and held office both in the church and parish. He was a member of the
Winthrop club for many years.

He was married in January, 1861, to Amelia L. Chapin of Springfield, who sur-
vives him, with two children, a daughter and son, — Mrs. Cheney Calkins and
William C. Haile.

GORDIS D. HARRIS.

Gordis D. Harris, born in Chesterfield, October 29, 1824, died in Keene, Feb-
ruary 21, 1 90 1.

Mr. Harris was educated in the common schools and Chesterfield academy.
He located in Fitchburg, Mass., in 1845, where he was for several years a carpen-
ter and builder. In 1S51 he commenced his career as a railroad contractor, first
building depots, turn-tables, etc., and soon commenced building railroads, later
being associated with his brother, Broughton D., of Brattleboro, Vt., in the firm of
Harris Bros. & Co., general contractors for railroads and public works. He was
engaged in the construction of Chateroi & Kentucky, the Brattleboro &: Whitehall,
the St. Louis, Jersey ville & Springfield, and the Pittsburg, McKeesport & Taughio-
geny railroads.

In May, 1864, Mr. Harris went to California, where he became a resident, re-
maining on the Pacific slope until 1872. He spent most of his time east of the
Sierras, prospecting and mining. In 1870 he discovered in the Pilot Knob range
in the western part of Utah, the valuable Tecoma mines, rich in silver and lead,
which were worked for two years and then sold to Messrs. Howland and Aspin-
wall of New York. Returning to New Hampshire, Mr. Harris took up his abode
in Keene, where he ever after had his home, though carrying on work as a con-
tractor in different parts of the country for several years.

In politics Mr. Harris was a Whig and Republican, casting his first presidential
vote for General Taylor. He represented Chesterfield in the legislature in 1873,
and Keene in 1881. He was a Unitarian in his religious belief, and was a liberal
contributor to the church. He was a member of the Lodge of the Temple, A. F.
and A. M., of Keene.

192 NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

WILLIAM PICKERING HILL.

William Pickering Hill, eldest son of Isaac and Susan (Ayer) Hill, born in
Concord, October, 1819, died at Denver, Col., February 17, 1901.

Mr. Hill was educated at New Hampton Institute, Phillips-Exeter academy,
and Harvard and Dartmouth colleges, graduating from the latter in 1839, in the
same class with Judge Sylvester Dana of Concord, Rev. Dr. O. B. Cheney, late
president of Bates college, and the late Hon. Geo. G. Fogg.

Upon graduation from college, Mr. Hill successively read law and studied
medicine, but in preference to either profession he joined his father and his
brother, John M., in the publication of the Farmer s Monthly Visitor and the New
Hampshire Patriot. He continued in this from 1 840-^7 .

In the fall of the latter year he purchased the New Hampshire Gazette in
Portsmouth, which he published until 185 1, printing for a time the first one-cent
daily paper in New Hampshire. Subsequently Mr. Hill did a variety of journal-
istic work as a reporter and correspondent in different cities and sections of the
Union. After 1874 he spent about ten years in Vermont, most of the time as an
assistant of Hiram Atkins, publisher of the Argus and Patriot at Montpelier.

During the administrations of Pierce and Buchanan, he was a clerk in the Bos-
ton naval office, being appointed by Col. Charles G. Greene in 1853, and removed
by Amos Tuck in 1861.

Mr. Hill was married to Clara Ann, daughter of John West, October 26, 1843.
Of five children, three survive : Isaac William of Concord ; Mrs. Anna Montgom-
ery Williams, wife of Robert R. Williams of Pitkin, Col. ; and Mrs. Susan Ayer
Lyford, wife of Hon. James O. Lyford of Concord.

HON. CHARLES J. GILMAN.

Charles J. Oilman, born in Exeter, February 26. 1824, died in Brunswick, Me.,
February 5, 1901.

He was the third son of the late Capt. Nathaniel Oilman, and was educated at
Phillips-Exeter academy. He studied law with the late Gen. Gilman Marston,
and at the Harvard Law school, completing his studies in 1850, in which year he
was chosen a member of the New Hampshire legislature, but removed to Bruns-
wick, Me., the same year, where he married Alice McKean Dunlap, a grand-
daughter of Dr. Joseph McKean, the first president of Bowdoin college.

In 1 85 1 he was elected to the Maine legislature, in both branches of which he
afterward repeatedly served. Two years later he was nominated to congress from
the Second Maine district, but was defeated. He was again nominated in 1856,
and elected. He served only one term, positively declining a renomination. He
was also prominently mentioned as a candidate for governor, but he gave his
friends no encouragement. He was, nevertheless, active in politics, being succes-
sively a member of the Whig and Republican state committees, and a favorite
speaker in every campaign. In i860 he was a delegate to the convention at Chi-
cago, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the presidency.

He subsequently became interested in railroad and other public enterprises,
and was long active in business life. He is survived by a widow, two sons, and a
daughter.

HIS EXCELLENCY CHESTER B. JORDAN.
Governor of New Hampshire,

Trie Granite Aontmm.

Vol. XXX.

APRIL, 1901,

No.

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF 1901.

By Henry H. Metcalf.

HE New Hampshire
"General Court," which
formerly met annually
in June, but which for
the last fourteen years
has held its sessions biennially, as-
sembling on the first Wednesday in
January, has come to be regarded by
the people, quite generally, as a sort
of legislative school, and institute of
parliamentary practice, wherein the
average citizen hopes to enjoy at
least one course of training during
his lifetime, and where not a few,
who happen to be specially favored
by their townsmen, get the benefit of
several, and naturally come to fill the
places of instructors.

Although the Granite state is one
of the smallest states in the Union,
its house of representatives is the
largest legislative body in the coun-
try, outnumbering the corresponding
body in the national congress, and
being exceeded in this respect by
only one other similar body in the
world — the house of commons in the
British parliament. Its membership,
moreover, is quite largely changed,

from term to term, a decided major-
ity of the members always being new
men, so that there is, at least, a fair
chance for every ambitious and aspir-
ing citizen of fair intelligence and re-
putable character, to attain member-
ship at some time in the course of his
career.

Large as is the membership of this
body, however, its real work — the
formulation and disposition of meas-
ures in committee, and the discussion
of such questions as arise upon the
floor — is generally done by a com-
paratively few. Until recently, there
have usually been in the house at
every session a few members of com-
manding ability and long experience,
to whom their associates have looked
for guidance, and to whose superior
wisdom, gained from long and active
service, general deference has been
rendered. The names of Marston,
Bingham, Page, Wadleigh, Stevens,
Sanborn, Briggs, Sulloway, and
others are naturally suggested in
this connection ; but since these men
have passed off the stage, the leaders
in the house have been developed

196

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

from the ranks, as it were. Such
has been the case, especially during
the session just closed.

No men of long experience, and
very few who had served more than
a single term, were included in the
membership, and it was thought by
many, when the session opened, that
there would be a serious lack of lead-
ership, with resulting delay and con-
fusion in the despatch of business.
There has been no trouble, however,
in this regard. Some one has been
ready for the emergency and equal to
the occasion in every instance, and
the business has been carried forward
promptly and properly. Reputations
have been made and experience
gained during the session that will
be of substantial value in the years
to come ; and, if all that has been
done has not been wise or expedient,
the body of the work accomplished
by the legislature of 1901 will, at
least, compare favorably with that of
recent predecessors.

GOVERNOR JORDAN.

Under our system of government,
while the governor, with his coun-
cil, constitutes a separate and inde-
pendent branch, wielding executive
power, and being responsible for the
enforcement of the law as enacted,
he is, also, an important part of the
legislative or law-making power, not
only recommending such measures as
in his judgment are expedient or es-
sential, but also giving his direct ap-
proval to such as may be enacted,
before they acquire the authority of
law, except in those very rare in-
stances where they have been re-
enacted over his veto by a two-thirds
vote of each branch of the legisla-
ture.

New Hampshire has been specially
fortunate, as a rule, in the character
of the men who have occupied the
executive chair, and whose influence
has moulded in some measure, at
least, the legislative policy of the
state. While the people have not,
for many years past, been accustomed
to elect to the chief magistracy men
who have been conspicuous as political
leaders, and who have, either before
or after, figured prominently in na-
tional affairs, as has been the case in
some other states, and was in earlier
days the custom here ; they have,
nevertheless, generally chosen those
who, in character and ability, com-
manded confidence at home and re-
spect abroad, and whose sound prac-
tical common sense and good busi-
ness judgment furnished ample guar-
anty that the best interests of the
state would be carefully conserved ;
and, for a generation past, this has
never been more thoroughly the case
than at the last election, when, for
the first time in more than half a cen-
tury, a citizen of the " North coun-
try," as that region of New Hamp-
shire above the White Mountains is
commonly called, was chosen to the
governorship in the person of Chester
B. Jordan of Lancaster, his last prede-
cessor in the office from that section
having been Jared W. Williams, of
the same town, who served two years,
from June, 1847 to 1849.

Chester Bradley Jordan is a native
of the town of Colebrook, born Oc-
tober 15, 1839. He is the son of the
late Johnson and Minerva (Buel)
Jordan, his father being a native of
the town of Plainfield, and his mother
of the state of Connecticut. He
comes of patriotic ancestry, his pa-
ternal grandfather, Benjamin Jordan,

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE igoi.

197

having served three years in the war
for independence. Governor Jor-
dan's early life was that of the aver-
age New England farmer's son of his
day, in a "back town" with limited
educational advantages within reach,
and little opportunity to utilize even
those. He attended the district
school in winter, but got no sum-
mer schooling after he was nine
years of age, his labor being required
on the home farm or in the service of
others until he reached his twenty-
first year, during which he was en-
abled to attend Colebrook academy
for one term. His ambition was
here stimulated, and, attaining his
majority, he determined to secure an
education and fit himself for profes-
sional work. For the next few years
he spent his winters in teaching dis-
trict schools, his summers in farm
work, and the spring and fall of each
year in attendance upon high schools
and academies, completing his studies
at Kimball Union academy, Meriden,
where he graduated in the summer of
1866. Meanwhile he had served the
town of Colebrook as school commit-
tee and as one of the selectmen, and
had been the candidate of the Re-
publican party, with which he was
allied from youth, for moderator for
several years. He always took a
deep interest in political affairs, and
was a leader among the young men
of his party in Upper Coos, and re-
calls with special interest the fact
that he presided over the first of the
series of remarkable joint debates be-
tween the late Gov. Walter Harri-
man and the Hon. John G. Sinclair,
in their noted campaign for the chief
magistracy of the state. He con-
tinued teaching a portion of the time
until the winter of 1868, when the

late Chief Justice Doe, who had
made his acquaintance while thus
engaged in Colebrook, selected him
for the position of clerk of the court
for Coos county, upon the duties of
which position he entered in the
summer following, removing to Lan-
caster, where he has since had his
home. He attended faithfully to his
duties as clerk of the court until
October, 1874, when he resigned,
having in the meantime pursued the
study of the law to some extent, be-
sides taking an active interest in po-
litical affairs and writing consider-
ably for the press, for a time himself
owning the Cob's Republican news-
paper. Subsequently he continued
his law studies in the office of the
late Judge William S. Ladd, and
that of Ray, Drew & Heywood, and
was admitted to the bar in 1875. In
the following year he formed a part-
nership with Ray & Drew, of which
firm and its successors he has been a
member, engaged in active practice,
up to the present time, the firm name
since 1893 having been Drew, Jor-
dan & Buckley, and its business
among the most extensive in North-
ern New Hampshire.

Though never neglecting his pro-
fessional business, Governor Jordan
has been prominent in political life
since 1880, when he entered heartily
into the contest to regain for his
party the control of the town of Lan-
caster. He was elected to the state
legislature that year by a majority of
one vote, was made speaker of the
house of representatives at the fol-
lowing session and discharged the
delicate duties of the office to the
eminent satisfaction of all. In 1886
he was the Republican candidate for
state senator in the Coos district,

PRESIDENT ELEIS.

198 SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF i 9 oi.

running several hundred votes ahead Society, and is connected with the
of his ticket but failing of an elec- Masonic fraternity,
tion. Ten years later, in the great In 1879 he was united in marriage
tidal year of 1896, he was again pre- with Miss Ida R. Nutter of L,ancas-
vailed upon to accept the nomination, ter, by whom he has three children —
and was elected by an overwhelming a daughter and two sons, nineteen,
majority. Upon the organization of the twelve, and eight years of age, re-
senate, in January following, he was spectively.

unanimously elected president of that Governor Jordan is an example of
body, and fulfilled the recpiirements the best type of the self-made men of
of the position no less acceptably New Hampshire, making his way,
than he had previously done as the unaided, from the humblest walks of
presiding officer in the popular life to the highest office in the gift of
branch of the legislature. In 1898 the people, and everywhere and al-
he was persistently urged to become ways so conducting himself as to
a candidate for the Republican nomi- command the confidence and respect
nation for governor, but repeatedly of all with whom he has come in
and emphatically declined to enter contact,
into any contest or scramble for the
honor. Two years later there seemed
to be a universal demand in the Re- The New Hampshire senate, al-
publican ranks for his nomination to though now containing a member-
the chief magistracy, and the dis- ship twice as large as it had for
tinction was tendered him by the ninety-five years after the organiza-
state convention with practical unani- tion of the government under the con-
mity on the first ballot. He accepted stitution of 1784, is still a compara-
the nomination, and his election by tively small body, and the direction
nearly 19,000 majority followed, of its deliberations does not neces-
During the canvass, as in many a sarily require so intricate a knowl-
previous campaign, he championed edge of parliamentary rules and prac-
his party cause upon the stump, in tice, and such readiness in the appli-
an able and dignified manner. cation thereof, in order to success, as
In town affairs Governor Jordan does that of the house of representa-
has taken a strong interest, promot- tives, with its membership of nearly
ing all worthy enterprises with voice four hundred. Nevertheless, men of
and influence, and was particularly no small ability have been called to
active in carrying forward the move- the president's chair in the senate in
ment for the preparation and publica- recent years, as well as in earlier
tion of the Lancaster town history, days, and the latest occupant corn-
He was one of the organizers of the pares favorably with his predecessors.
Grafton and Coos Bar Association, Hon. Bertram Ellis, of Keene, is
was long a vice-president of the same, one of the few men whom the state
and is now, since the death of Hon. of Massachusetts has contributed to
Harry Bingham, its president. He public life in New Hampshire in ex-
is also an active and valuable mem- change for the many which the Gran-
ber of the New Hampshire Historical ite state has given Massachusetts, he

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

199

Hon. Bertram Ellis.
President of the Senate.

having been born in the city of Bos-
ton, November 26, i860, but remov-
ing with his parents to Keene in
childhood, where he received his
preliminary education in the public
schools, and graduated from Harvard
college in 18S4, and the Law school
in 1S87. He subsequently spent a
year in the law office of Evarts,
Choate & Beaman in New York, and
was engaged in the practice of his
profession in Denver, Col., in 1889
and 1890, at the close of which lat-
ter j^ear he was recalled to Keene
by the death of his father, and has
there since remained, having ac-
quired an interest in the Sentinel
Printing company, proprietors of
the daily Evening Sentinel and the
New Hampshire Sentinel, of which

he is the editor. He is a member of
the Keene board of education, and a
trustee of the Elliot hospital. He
was a member of Governor Busiel's
staff, and a representative from Ward
Four, Keene, in the legislature of
1897, in which he served as chair-
man of the committee on appropria-
tions, and was particularly active in
the work of the house. In the fol-
lowing legislature, two years ago,
Mr. Ellis served as senator from the
Keene district, number thirteen, and
held the position of chairman of the
committee on finance, corresponding
to that of appropriations in the house,
serving also upon the committees on
the judiciary, revision of the laws,
and fisheries and game, and partici-
pating prominently in the general

200

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

work of the senate. Being the only
senator reelected last November, he
naturally led all rivals in the contest
for the presidency upon the organiza-
tion at the opening of the present
session, and in the discharge of his
duties has fulfilled the highest expec-
tations of his friends and supporters.

SENATOR CHASE.

Hon. Ira A. Chase of Bristol, sena-
tor from the Third district, is a na-
tive of the town where he now re-
sides, born March 25, 1854. He was
educated in the schools of Bristol, at
the New Hampton Literary Institu-
tion, class of 1872, and Dartmouth
college, graduating from the latter

Hon. Ira A. Chase.

institution in 1877. He read law in
the office of Hon. Lewis W. Fling,
and has been in the active practice
of his profession in Brisiol since
March, 1881. He has held various
town offices including that of mem-
ber of the board of education ; was

chosen assistant clerk of the senate
in 1883, and was clerk of that body
in 1887 and 1889, and at the special
session of 1890. In 1897 he repre-
resented the town of Bristol in the
popular branch of the legislature,
taking an active part in the proceed-
ings, and holding the important posi-
tion of chairman of the committee on
revision of the statutes.

In the senate of 1901 Mr. Chase is
chairman of the committee on re-
vision of laws, and a member of the
committees on education, military af-
fairs, and fisheries and game, and has
been prominent in the discussion of
most questions of public interest com-
ing up for consideration. He is an
active Free Mason, having been sev-
eral times master of Union lodge in
Bristol, and an officer of the Grand
lodge. He is also connected with
the Knights of Pythias and the
Grange. In religion he is a Congre-
gationalist. He married Miss Abby
M. Taylor of Bristol, but has no
children.

SENATOR HEAD.

Hon. Eugene S. Head, of Hook-
sett, senator from District No. 9, is
a native of that town, a son of
the late William F. Head, and
nephew of Gov. Natt Head, born
June 1, 1863. He was educated at
Pembroke academy and Dartmouth
college. Since graduation he has
been extensively engaged in business
at Hooksett as a member of the great
brick manufacturing firm established
by his father and uncle, with whom
he was associated during their life-
time, and since continuing as the
head of the concern, and also being
connected with various other impor-
tant interests, making him, altogeth-

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE rgoi.

20I

Hon. Eugene S. Head.

er, one of the busiest, as he is one of
the most popular, men in central New
Hampshire. He is an ardent and
active Republican, and has served
many years upon the state committee
of his party. He was a member of
the house of representatives from
Hooksett in 1891, serving upon the
committee on manufactures, and was
a member of the staff of Gov. Frank
W. Rollins. He is prominent in
Masonry, having attained the thirty-
second degree. In the present senate
Colonel Head is chairman of the com-
mittee on military affairs, and also a
member of the committees on claims,
manufactures, and state prison and
industrial school.

SENATOR LEACH.

Hon. Edward G. Leach of Frank-
lin, who represents the Sixth district
in the present senate, was born in
the town of Meredith, June 28, 1849.
He was educated at Meredith acad-
emy and Dartmouth college, gradu-

ating from the latter in 1871, and
having worked his own way in secur-
ing his education. He studied law with
the late Attorney-General Daniel Bar-
nard and E. B. S. Sanborn of Frank-
lin, was admitted to the bar, and has
since been in active practice there,
and has also been associated for the
last twenty-two years with Henry W.
Stevens of Concord, in practice in
this city. He has taken high rank
in his profession, has served four
years as solicitor of Merrimack coun-
ty, is city solictor of Franklin, and
has been engaged extensively in
local and general business interests,
being president of the Manufacturers'
and Merchants' Mutual Insurance
company, and clerk of the Tilton &
Franklin railroad. He was a mem-
ber of the house of representatives in
the legislatures of 1893 and 1895, be-
ing chairman of the committee on re-
vision of statutes in the former, and
of the judiciary in the latter, and a

Hon. Fdward G. Leach.

202

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

recognized leader both years. He
was largely instrumental in securing
a city charter for Franklin, and pro-
curing its adoption by the people,
and is recognized as a leading spirit
in all matters pertaining to the ma-
terial welfare of the city. He is
chairman of the judiciary committee
of the present senate, and also on the
committees on claims, education, and
finance, and has been a prominent
figure in all the deliberations of the
senatorial body, ready alike in de-
bate and in the committee room.

SENATOR PILLSBURY.

Col. William S. Pillsbury of Lon-
donderry, senator from the Nine-
teenth district, was born in Sutton,

Hon. William S. Pillsbury.

March 16, 1833, and has resided in
Londonderry since 1838, being edu-
cated there and at Derry. He served
during the Rebellion as first lieuten-
ant in the Fourth, Ninth, and Heavy

Artillery regiments, and returned as
quartermaster of the artillery.

While in the Ninth regiment in the
battle of South Mountain, he saved
one part of the regiment from being
ambuscaded and notified Major-Gen-
eral Reno of the fact that he was
liable to be ambuscaded if he con-
tinued on his journey. If he had
taken Colonel Pillsbury's advice it
would have saved his life to his coun-
try, whereas it was sacrificed in less
than five minutes after Colonel Pills-
bury notified him of the condition of
affairs.

His last year in service was as an
ordnance officer, First Brigade, Hard-
ing's division, defenses of Washing-
ton. He served his county as coun-
ty commissioner, and, during his
service, made out the first report for
Rockingham county placing the
financial affairs of the county in
such a condition that the residents
were able to understand the wealth
and indebtedness of the county.

To him is due the establishment of
the insane asylum of Rockingham
county for taking care of the im-
becile, idiotic, and hopelessly insane,
which has saved to the county in
the last twenty-five years more than
$2,000 a year.

He served as representative in
1874 from the town of Londonderry ;
was reelected, but was obliged to de-
cline on account of business. He was
an aide on the staff of Gov. Benj. F.
Prescott, was elected councilor and
served with Gov.' David H. Goodell.
He joined the Republican party at
its organization, and has always been
a reliable party man, as the offices to
which he has been elected show.

He is a son of the Rev. Stephen
Pillsbury, D. D., who formerly rep-

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

203

resented Sutton in the legislature, as
a member of the Democratic party.
To Colonel Pillsbury and his exten-
sive business as a shoe manufacturer,
more than to all else is due the rapid
growth of the town of Derry, which,
from a small hamlet, has come to be
the third town in size in Rockingham
county. Colonel Pillsbury is Presby-
terian in religion, a member of the
Loyal Legion, a thirty-second degree
Mason, Knight of Pythias, an Odd
Fellow, a member of the Grange, and
of the Improved Order of Red Men,
and also a member of the Mystic
Shrine, Aleppo Temple, Boston.

He has been a faithful working
member of the senate, serving on
the committees on judiciary, claims,
manufactures, roads, bridges and
canals, and state prison and indus-
trial school.

SENATOR REMICH.

Hon. Daniel C. Remich of Little-
ton, senator from the Grafton dis-
trict, or No. 2, was born in 1852, in
Hard wick, Vt. His parents' circum-
stances were such that his early edu-
cational advantages were limited,
but, with an earnest purpose to ad-
vance himself in life, he made the
best of such opportunities as came
within reach. He fitted for the
study of law, and, after working in
a factory to gain the means for a
start, he commenced the pursuit of
his legal studies in the office of Hon.
Edgar Aldrich, now judge of the
United States district court, in Cole-
brook, in 1S75. He graduated from
the law department of Michigan uni-
versity in 1878, and immediately
commenced practice in Colebrook, in
partnership with Jason H. Dudley.
Four vears later he removed to Lit-

tleton, where he became a partner
with George A. Bingham and Edgar
Aldrich, under the name of Bing-
ham, Aldrich & Remich. When Mr.
Bingham went on the bench the firm

Hon. Daniel C. Remich.

continued as Aldrich & Remich, un-
til 1892, when Mr. Remich formed a
partnership with his brother, James
W. Remick, from which he after-
ward gradually withdrew, devoting
himself to various business enter-
prises in which he had become inter-
ested. He has been a leading spirit
in every measure of progress which
has distinguished the town of Little-
ton, has been active in ever)' enter-
prise for promoting the material pros-
perity of his section, and has been
particularly earnest in his efforts to
promote the cause of temperance.
He was a leading member of the
house, as a representative from Lit-
tleton in 1895 and in 1899, serving
both years as a member of the judi-
ciary committee. In the senate he

204

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF rgoi.

has served as chairman of the com-
mittee on manufactures, and as a
member of the committees on the ju-
diciary, revision of laws, incorpora-
tions, and towns and parishes, and
has been particularly conspicuous in
debate. He has been twice married,
his present wife having been Mrs.
Elizabeth M. Jackson, the only child
of B. W. Kilburn of Littleton. He
is a member of the Congregational
church.

SENATOR STEVENS.

Hon. Henry W. Stevens of Con-
cord, senator from District No. 10,
is a native of the city in which he re-
sides, and a son of ex- Mayor Lyman
D. Stevens, a prominent lawyer and

law in his father's office, and at the
Boston Law school, and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1878. In the following
year he formed a partnership, as has
been heretofore noted, with Edward
G. Leach of Franklin, which has con-
tinued until the present time, so that
a pleasant feature of his experience
in the public service has been his
association therein with his partner
in professional work.

Though never an aspiring politi-
cian Mr. Stevens has always been a
faithful and earnest Republican and
has been elected by his party to the
office of alderman and representative
in the legislature from Ward Five,
in which he resides, for 1891, when
he served on the committee on manu-
factures. Mr. Stevens is vice-presi-
dent of the Mechanicks National
bank, a trustee of Merrimack County
Savings bank,, and identified with
various other business enterprises.
He is prominent in social life and
commands the esteem of all classes
of citizens. He is a careful student
of affairs, and has traveled exten-
sively in this country and Europe.
In the senate he has been active in
committee work and prominent in
discussion. His committee service
has been as chairman of the commit-
tee on banks, and a member of the
committees on judiciary and revision
of the laws.

Hon. Henry W. Stevens.

business man of the Capital city.
He was born March 5, 1853, and was
educated in the public schools, at
Phillips Exeter academy, and Dart-
mouth college, graduating from the
latter institution in 1875. He studied

SENATOR URCH.

Hon. David Urch of Portsmouth,
representing the Twenty-fourth dis-
trict in the senate, was born April
13, 1846, in Newport, Wales, but re-
moved to this country in early life,
attending school in Portsmouth and
in Chicago. He served for some
time in the Union army, during the

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

205

War of the Rebellion, as a member
of the One Hundred and Thirty-fifth
Illinois Infantry. He has been a
resident of Portsmouth for many
years, and is secretary and treasurer
of the Newcastle Bridge company.

Hon. David Urch.

He has served nine years on the
board of education in Portsmouth,
has been an alderman three terms,
and was a representative in the legis-
lature in 1883 and 1885. He is an
Episcopalian in religion and promi-
nent in Odd Fellowship. His com-
mittee service in the senate has been
as chairman of the committee on in-
corporations, and a member of the
committees on agriculture, roads,
bridges, and canals, and Soldiers'
home. No senator has been more
active in debate, and no matter of
business has escaped his attention.

SPEAKER EITTLE.

Cyrus Harvey Little was born in
Sutton, August 14, 1859, and is the

son of Hiram Kinsman Little and
Susan Harvey (Woodward) Little.
Many of the older Republicans of the
state who recall the stirring events
connected with the birth of that party
in New Hampshire, remember Mr.
Little's father as one of its pioneers
in Merrimack county, who rendered
it valuable service. He recruited
over thirty men in the town of Sut-
ton who served in Company F,
Eleventh New Hampshire Volun-
teers. He went to the front as lieu-
tenant of that company, and died
of wounds received at Petersburg,
July 4, 1864. Colonel Harriman
said of him, "He was one of the
most efficient and valuable officers
in the service, and died a patriot's
death." Two months later Mr. Lit-
tle's mother died, leaving him an or-
phan, five years of age. Mr. Little
comes of the best New England
stock, being descended in the ninth
generation from George Little and
Alice (Poore) Little, who emigrated
to this country from England in 1640
and settled at Newbury, Mass. His
great grandfather, Bond Little, served
with distinction in the expedition
against Crown Point in 1758, and
was also a soldier in the American
Revolution. On his mother's side he
is descended from the Harvey family
of New Hampshire, of which the late
Congressman Jonathan Harvey and
Gov. Matthew Harvey were members.
Mr. Little was educated in the
public schools of his native town,
and prepared for Bates college at
New Hampton Literary institution.
He received the degree of A. B. from
Bates in 1884, and after leaving col-
lege was engaged for several years
in mercantile business. He after-
wards commenced the study of law

206

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

Hon. Cyrus H. Little.
Speaker of the House of Representatives.

in Manchester with James F. Briggs
and Oliver E. Branch. From there
he entered Boston University Law
School, where he received the degree
of LL. B. after a three years' course,
in which he distinguished himself as
one of the finest students of his class.
Immediately upon his admission to
the bar in New Hampshire he be-
gan the practice of law in Manches-
ter, and has attained an unusual de-
gree of success.

Mr. Little served as a member of
the school board of Sutton for four
years, from 1885 to 1889. He was
elected to the legislature from Ward
Three, Manchester, in 1896, and dur-
ing the session of 1897 served on the
committees on judiciary and journal
of the house. He was reelected in

1898, and during the. session of 1899
was a member of the committees on
judiciary, national affairs, and rules.
He took an active part in discussions
upon the floor of the house, and was
often called to the speaker's chair.
He was justly recognized as one of
the most reliable, substantial and in-
fluential members, and never failed
to exert a commanding influence in
all matters which he advocated or
opposed. He was reelected to the
present house, and was unanimously
nominated by the Republicans as
their candidate for speaker. Upon
his election to that high office he
received the solid vote of his party.
Mr. Little is a graceful orator,
and in all political campaigns, state
and national, of recent years, he has

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

207

taken an active part, and contributed
greatly to the success of his party.
He is a prominent member of the
Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., having
served as commander of the New
Hampshire division. He is an Odd
Fellow, a Knight Templar, and is
connected with the New Hampshire
Society, Sons of the American Revo-
lution.

As a presiding officer in the house
he has been ready, painstaking, and
efficient, making a record which com-
pares most favorably with those of
a long line of distinguished prede-
cessors.

WILIJAM J. AHERN.

Although a member of the minor-
ity party, no man has exerted more
influence in shaping legislation in
the house of representatives during
the recent session than William J.
Ahern, representative from Ward
Nine, Concord. Mr. Ahern is a na-

William J. Ahern.

tive of Concord, born May 19, 1855.
He was educated in the public
schools, and has always been in
touch with the people. His life has
been spent mostly in his native
city, where he has been, for many
years, as now, engaged in the cloth-
ing trade. He has been an earnest
working Democrat from boyhood,
has served repeatedly as chairman
of the Democratic city committee,
and as a member of the state com-
mittee, of which he is now treasurer,
and was a delegate from New Hamp-
shire in the last Democratic national
convention at Kansas City, in July,
1900. He was a member of the
board of commissioners for Merri-
mack county from 1887 to 1891, in-
clusive, and deputy sheriff and jailor
in i892-'93.

He represented Ward Nine in the
legislature in 1895 and again in
1897, serving the former year upon
the committees on appropriations and
liquor laws, and the latter on appro-
priations and railroads, which were
also his assignments in the present
legislature, his former experience
making him a particularly valuable
member, his associates relying largely
upon his judgment and experience
for direction in their work, while as
an alert parliamentarian he was par-
ticularly efficient in expediting the
business of the house upon the floor.
Mr. Ahern is a Catholic, a Knight
of Columbus, a Forester, and a mem-
ber of the Ancient Order of Hiber-
nians.

CHARLES O. BARNEY.

The most prominent among a num-
ber of representatives of the journal-
istic profession included in the mem-
bership of the house during the ses-

208

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE igoi.

postmaster of Canaan, and served
through his administration. He was
a promoter and has been a director of
the Crystal Lake Water company of
Canaan, and clerk of the corporation
since its organization. He is an ac-
tive member of the Patrons of Hus-
bandry, and has been master of In-
dian River grange. He is also a
member of Mt. Cardigan Lodge,
Knights of Pythias, and of Pinnacle
Council, Junior 0. U. A. M. Though
an ardent Republican, he has not
been an aspirant for political office,
and was never a candidate before
the people until his nomination for
the legislature last fall when he ran
largely ahead of his ticket.

Charles 0. Barney.

JESSE M. BARTON.

sion just closed was Charles 0. Bar- 0ne of the youngest members of
ney of Canaan, who served as a mem- the Judiciary committee of the house,

ber of the committee on revision of

as well as one of the most earnest

the statutes, and took a prominent and diligent, and one of the most
part in the proceedings on the floor.
Mr. Barney is a native of the town
of Orange, born July 21, 1844. He
was educated in the High school at
Grafton and at Canaan academy.
He spent some time in farm work
and in teaching school, and also en-
gaged as a clerk in a country store
previous to 1867, in which year
he established the Canaan Reporter,
of which paper he has been editor
and proprietor up to the present time.
He is a clear thinker and a vigorous
writer, and, having opinions, does
not hesitate to express them in plain
language whenever occasion requires.
He was for twenty-seven years secre-
tary of the Mascoma Valley Agricul-
tural society, and contributed largely
to the success of its exhibitions. He
was appointed by President Harrison

Jesse M. Barton.

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF rgoi.

209

active members on the floor was Jesse
M. Barton of Newport, a native of
that town, born January 21, 1870.
He is a son of the late Hon. Levi
W. Barton of Newport, who was
prominent in politics and at the bar
a quarter of a century ago, and in-
herits many of the sterling traits
which characterized his father. He
was educated in the public schools,
at Kimball Union academy, Meri-
den, and at Dartmouth college,
graduating from the latter in 1870.
He subsequently engaged in teach-
ing, being for some time principal of
the Simonds Free High school of
Warner, but meantime pursued the
study of the law, which he continued
at the Boston University Law school.
Upon his admission to the bar he
commenced practice in his native
town, where he is now established,
enjoying the confidence of the people,
with fine prospects of both profes-
sional and political success. As
would be expected of a son of Levi
W. Barton, he is a stalwart Republi-
can and a devoted Methodist.

ALFRED T. BATCHELDER.

The leading position of honor and
influence, next to the speakership, in
the house of representatives, accord-
ing to the general understanding, is
that of chairman of the committee on
the judiciary, the same being ordin-
arily conferred upon the leading
lawyer of the majority party. This
position has been held, not only
in the present but also in the
last two legislatures, by Alfred T.
Batchelder of Keene. Mr. Batchel-
der is a native of the town of Suna-
pee, born February 26, 1S44. He
was educated at Colby academy,

xxx — 15

New London, and Dartmouth col-
lege, graduating from the latter in
1 87 1. He studied law with the late
Judge W. H. H. Allen and Ira Colby
of Claremont, and, in 1877, located in
practice in Keene, where he became
a partner in the firm of Faulkner &

Alfred T. Batchelder.

Batchelder, which has long been a
leading law firm of Cheshire county.
He has also acquired important busi-
ness interests in other directions,
banking and manufacturing, and has
been for a number of years attorney
for the Cheshire railroad. He is an
active Republican, and as the candi-
date of his party became mayor of
Keene in 1 885-' 86, and is now on his
third term as a representative from
Ward Three. He is eminently prac-
tical in his work in the legislature as
elsewhere and wastes no words in de-
bate. When he speaks it is to the
point and with effect. He is an
Fpiscopalian in religion, a prominent
Free Mason and Knight Templar.

2IO

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

Hon. Henry E. Burnham.
United States Senator.

HON. HENRY E. BURNHAM.

It rarely happens that the legisla-
ture of our own or any other state
elects a United States senator from
its own membership, as was done in
January last, when Hon. Henry E.
Burnham, representative from Ward
Two, Manchester, was chosen to that
honorable position, as the successor
of William E. Chandler.

Mr. Burnham is a native of Dun-
barton, born November 8, 1844, a
son of the late Hon. Henry L,. Burn-
ham, long a leading citizen of that
town. Dividing the years of his
early life between labor on the farm
and attendance at the district school,
he then fitted for college at Kimball
Union academy, Meriden, and gradu-

ated from Dartmouth with high honor
in 1865, having already developed
ability of a high order as a speaker
and debater. Choosing the legal pro-
fession for his life work, he pursued
the study thereof in the offices of
Minot & Mugridge at Concord, and
of E. S. Cutter and Lewis W. Clark
of Manchester, and was admitted to
the Merrimack County bar at the
April term in 1868. He soon after
formed a partnership in practice with
Judge David Cross of Manchester,
which was continued for a number
of years. He was subsequently, for
a time, associated with George I.
McAllister, but for several years past
he has been the head of the well-
known firm of Burnham, Brown »S:
Warren, a firm, which in reputation

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE rgoi.

21 I

and success, is equaled by few and
surpassed by none in southern New-
Hampshire. Mr. Burnham combines
the qualities of a safe counselor and a
brilliant advocate in a remarkable de-
gree, and, although a decided Re-
publican, has not, until recently,
turned his attention to political mat-
ters to any marked extent, preferring
the successes to be won in the field of
professional labor, and, of which, it
may safely be said, he has gained an
ample measure. The position of
judge of probate for the county of
Hillsborough, which he held from
1876 to 1879 inclusive, came prop-
erly in the line of professional work.
Aside from this the only public offices
which he has heretofore held have
been those of representative in the
legislature in 1873 and 1874, treas-
urer of Hillsborough county, asso-
ciate justice of the Manchester police
court, and delegate in the constitu-
tional convention of 1889.

In the Masonic fraternity he holds
high rank, and has taken deep inter-
est in its work. He has been master
of the Grand Lodge, and a notable
orator in connection with important
events in the history of the order.
He is also prominently connected
with the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows.

It was not until about a year ago
that Mr. Burnham yielded to the
persuasion of friends who had long
sought to turn his attention to the
arena of public life and the conten-
tions of national politics, for which
they believed him to be admirably
equipped, but when it became appar-
ent that a strong and probably suc-
cessful movement would be made to
place a new man in the position so
long occupied by Senator Chandler,

he finally consented to allow the use
of his name in that connection, and
the canvass in his interest was made
with such success that he received
198 votes upon the first ballot in the
nominating caucus, against 122 for
all others, and his election followed
as a matter of course.

Mr. Burnham's assignment in the
line of committee service in the legis-
lature of 1 89 1, to which he was
chosen by his ward last November,
was, naturally, upon the judiciary
committee, for which his training
fitted him in a preeminent degree,
but the demands of the canvass in
which he was engaged, in the early
days of the session, and the resigna-
tion which became necessary, through
his elevation to the senate, some time
before the close, necessarily limited
his work in that regard and his gen-
eral legislative service, though he
rendered valuable aid in committee
during a considerable portion of the
session, and left the legislature to
engage in his senatorial duties with
the respect and esteem of all his asso-
ciates, and their confident expecta-
tion that he will acquit himself in the
high position to which he has been
chosen to his own credit and the
honor of New Hampshire.

SHERMAN E. BURROUGHS.

Sixteen days younger than Jesse
M. Barton of Newport, and a mem-
ber of the same important committee
of the house — the judiciary — Sher-
man P^. Burroughs, representative
from Bow, was born in Dunbar-
ton, February 6, 1870, removing
with his parents to Bow, in child-
hood, where he was reared on a
farm, attending the district schools
and finally entering the Concord

212

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE igoi.

Snerman E. Burroughs.

High school, where he fitted for col-
lege, graduating in 1890. He en-
tered Dartmouth college the next fall,
graduating with high honors from
that institution in 1894. He won
several prizes for excellence in col-
lege work, including the first Rollins
and Nettleton prize in oratory. He
declined the offer of an instructorship
in the college, at graduation, having
decided to enter upon the study of
the law, which he pursued in Wash-
ington at the Columbian University
Law school from 1894 to 1897, while
at the same time acting as private
secretary to his uncle, Hon. Henry
M. Baker, then member of congress
from the Second district. He was
admitted to the bar in Washington
in 1896, and in the following year
commenced practice in this state, es-
tablishing an office in the city of
Manchester, though retaining his
voting residence in the town of
Bow. Mr. Burroughs is a brilliant

speaker, possessing a magnetic voice
and a thorough command of lan-
guage, and in the line of impas-
sioned oratory easily took the lead
among all the speakers in the house
during the present session.

CHARLES E. CARROIX.

Among the more active of the
younger members of the house of
representatives during the recent ses-
sion was Chailes E. Carroll of Ward
Three, Daconia, the only Democrat
in the delegation from the Lake city.
Mr. Carroll was born in Manchester,
August 22, 1872, but removed to
Ivaconia in infancy, receiving his edu-
cation in the public schools of that
city and in Canada. He has been
engaged in business for the last five
years as an undertaker, and is a
wide-awake, enterprising citizen. He
was chosen one of the supervisors of
his ward in 1898, and to the legisla-
ture at the last election. He was a

Charles E Carroll.

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

213

member of the committee on mileage,
but was alive to the progress of all
measures of public interest in the
house, and was heard on the floor on
more than one occasion. In religion
he is a Catholic, and is associated
with the Knights of Columbus, Red
Men, and Buffalos.

ARTHUR T. CASS.

Among the members of the house
most frequently heard in debate,
though never speaking unless he
had something to say, and stating
his position clearly and intelligently,
ma} r be reckoned the gentleman from
Tilton, Arthur T. Cass, a member of
the committee on banks.

Mr. Cass is a native of the town
from which he was elected and where
he has always resided, born April
9, 1865. He was educated in the
graded schools of Tilton and at the
New Hampshire Conference semi-
nary, in that town, from which he
graduated with a thorough college
preparatory training at the age of
eighteen j-ears. He then became as-
sistant cashier of the Citizens' Na-
tional bank of Tilton, upon whose
books he had worked more or less in
making entries for several years pre-
vious. April 1, 1889, he was made
cashier of the bank, which position
he has since held, serving also for
several years past as a director. He
has been active in politics and public
affairs, having served as auditor two
years, town treasurer one year, and
as moderator continuously since 1896,
and is president of the Republican
club of the town. He is an active
member of the Methodist Episcopal
church, and senior warden of Doric
Lodge, No. 78, A. F. & A. M., of
Tilton. He has a decided taste for

music, and has been organist at the
Methodist church for the last eigh-
teen years. He was one of the
three lay delegates from this state
in the Methodist General Conference
at Chicago in 1900, and has also
repeatedly represented his party in
county, state, and congressional con-

Arthur T. Cass.

ventions. He is a member of the
New 7 Hampshire Historical Society,
and has traveled extensively in this
country and Europe. He is treas-
urer of the Citizens' Ice Company of
Tilton, and for a number of years
conducted an extensive fire insurance
business, which the increasing press-
ure of banking duties compelled him
to dispose of.

FREDERICK G. CHUTTER.

Among the leading members of the
house from northern New Hamp-
shire, which section of the state
is always efficiently represented, is
Frederick G. Chutter of Littleton,

214

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE igoi.

Frederick G Chutter.

who was an efficient working mem-
ber of the committee on education,
where he was placed in accordance
with his taste and inclination, and
who was heard several times upon
the floor of the house in the discus-
sion of important questions.

Mr. Chutter was born in Somer-
setshire, Eng., September 12, 1857,
but removed to this country in early-
life, and was engaged for some time
as a dry- goods clerk in Boston, but
finally determined to prepare for the
ministry. He pursued his studies at
Phillips Andover academy, Coburn
institute, at Waterville, Me., Colby
university, and Andover Theological
seminary, settling in Littleton, as
pastor of the Congregational church,
upon his graduation from the latter
institution. While securing his edu-
cation he had preached in different
places, and had organized a parish
and erected the Adams Memorial
church at Vassalboro, Me. After a
period of successful work in the Lit-

tleton pastorate, he resigned to study
and travel abroad, spending a year
at Oxford university, another at the
Presbyterian Divinity college in Ed-
inburgh, and some time in Paris,
also traveling in different lands from
the extreme north to Egypt and the
Holy Land. Returning home he was
obliged by ill health to decline calls
to important pastorates, and tempo-
rarily left the ministry engaging
in mercantile business at Littleton,
where he has established an exten-
sive dry-goods business, and where
he has also become actively identi-
fied with the educational interests of
the town and section, being a mem-
ber of the school board and a trustee
of Dow academy at Franconia. He
has decided literary tastes, is a ready
and graceful writer, and responds to
frequent calls for lectures, particu-
larly on reform topics in which he is
greatly interested. He still preaches
occasionally, and intends, if health
eventually permits, to resume pas-
toral work.

JAMES A. EDGERLY.

No man took a more active or
conspicuous part in the proceedings
of the legislature during the session
just closed than James A. Edgerly of
Ward One, Somersworth, a leading
member of the important committee
on the judiciary in the house, and
acting chairman during the absence
of Mr. Batchelder of Keene on ac-
count of illness, which covered a con-
siderable portion of the session, and
also a prominent participant in the
debates arising upon various ques-
tions presented on the floor, wherein
he invariably displayed great energy,
a ready command of language, and
logical powers of a high order.

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE igoi.

215

Mr. Edgerly was born upon a farm
in Wolfeborough, where his home was
until he reached the age of twenty
years, in the meantime acquiring a
good education in the public schools
and at Wolfeborough and Tufton-
borough academy. At that time he
removed to Great Falls, now Somers-
worth, where he has since had his
home, and where he was for some
time engaged in teaching, subse-
quently entering the office of the
noted criminal lawyer, William J.
Copeland, for the study of law, pur-
suing the same until his admission
to the bar in 1874, when he became
a partner in practice with Mr. Cope-
land, the firm continuing until the
death of the latter, August 1, 1886,
since which Mr. Edgerly has con-
tinued the business of the firm, which
is among the most extensive in the
courts of eastern New Hampshire
and western Maine. He has had an
especially large and successful expe-

Jarres A. Edgprly.

rience in criminal practice, having
been of counsel for the defense in
fifteen murder trials, some of them
among the most noted in this section
of the country. He has one of the
largest private law libraries in New
England, and has also a large col-
lection of rare historical works, being
strongly interested in historical mat-
ters, especially with reference to his
own state.

Mr. Edgerly has been an active
Republican, but his devotion to his
profession has precluded that atten-
tion to politics which might have
brought continued public service.
He served, however, efficiently in
the house in the legislatures of 1883
and 1885, the first year as a member
of the judiciary committee and the
second as chairman of the committee
on railroads, and also represented
the Twelfth district in the senate in
1895, serving as chairman of the
judiciary committee.

JAMES E. FRENCH.

No man in New Hampshire is
more familiar with the art and sci-
ence of practical politics than James'
E. French of Moultonborough, and
no other member of the legislature of
1901 has had so extended a legisla-
tive experience. Mr. French was
born in Tuftonborough, February 27,
1845, but removed with his family to
Moultonborough at the age of six
years, and has since lived in that
town. He was educated in the com-
mon schools and at the New Hamp-
shire Conference seminary in Tilton ;
was employed as a clerk in different
places for several years, and in 1869
engaged in mercantile business for
himself at Moultonborough, continu-
ing the same successfully until 1884.

2l6

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

James E. F<ench.

Meanwhile he served from 1S73 to
1884 as postmaster, and was a repre-
sentative in the legislature in 1878
and 1879. He was a deputy collec-
tor of internal revenue four years,
from 1882, railroad commissioner
from 1878 until 1883, and a mem-
ber of the state senate in the legis-
lature of 1887. In 1889 he was ap-
pointed collector of internal revenue
by President Harrison for the dis-
trict of Maine, New Hampshire, and
Vermont, holding the office till the
change in administration brought a
general change in official incum-
bency under the federal government.
In 1897, and again in 1899, he served
in the popular branch of the legisla-
ture, the former year as chairman of
the committee on claims and as a
member of the railroad committee,
and in 1899 as chairman of the lat-
ter; so that the present is his fifth
term of service as a member of the
house. He is preeminently a worker

rather than a talker, but can express
himself clearly if occasion requires.

J. ALONZO GREENE.

Jared Alonzo Greene, M. D., chair-
man of the committee on soldiers'
home in the house of representatives,
was born in Whitingham, Yt., Octo-
ber 5, 1845, was educated in the
schools of Boston, Mass., and gradu-
ated from the Ohio Medical institute
in 1867, having experienced many
vicissitudes while laying the founda-
tion for his career. He made his
way to Pike's Peak, Colorado, in
1 86 1, with abundant courage but a
meagre amount of cash. There he
enlisted in the First Colorado Cav-
alry, served throughout the war, was
wounded at the battle of Sand Creek,
and was mustered out at Fort Leaven-
worth in 1865. Having secured his
medical education, he practised suc-
cessfully for several years, and sub-
sequently engaged in the proprietary

J. Alonzo Greene.

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE igoi.

217

medicine business with his brothers
with remarkably fruitful pecuniary
results, as is generally well known.
He became interested in the New
Hampshire lake region several years
ago, fitted up an elegant home on
Long Island, in Lake Winnipiseogee,
where he established an extensive
poultry and stock farm as a matter of
diversion. Later he acquired exten-
sive interests at The Weirs in La-
conia, where he is the proprietor of
Hotel Weirs, one of the finest sum-
mer hotels in the state, and where
his public spirit and generosity have
been instrumental in promoting num-
berless improvements, and various
business enterprises.

Dr. Greene is an active member of
the G. A. R., associated with Darius
A. Drake Post, No. 36, of Lakeport,
of which he ha^ been commander,
and is prominent in the Masonic and
various other orders. He is also a
member and commander of the Amos-
keag Veterans, and has been presi-
dent of the New Hampshire Veter-
ans' Association, and president and
treasurer of the National Veterans'
Association. He is endowed with
oratorical abilities of a high order,
was heard with effect on two or three
occasions during the session, and has
been prominent in the lecture field
for several years past.

SILAS hard v.

Among the quiet, practical, hard-
working members of the house, Silas
Hardy, representative from Ward
One, of Keene, is properly accorded
high rank. He is a native of the
town of Nelson, born April 3, 1827.
He was educated in the public
schools, at Mario w academy, and

Dartmouth college. He studied law,
was admitted to the bar, and has de-
voted his time largely, for the last
forty years, to the practice of his
profession in Keene, though agricul-
ture and mercantile business have
received some share of his attention.

Silas Hardy.

He has been city solicitor, member
of the board of education, and alder-
man in Keene, as well as judge of
probate for the county of Cheshire
for ten years, from 1S64 to 1874, and
was engrossing clerk of the legisla-
ture forty years ago ; but this is his
first service as a member of that body,
his committee assignment being to
the revision of the statutes, for which
he is admirably adapted, and to
which he gave diligent and efficient
service. As a speaker he deals in
plain matter-of-fact statement, in-
dulging in no flowers of speech, and
appealing to the reason and practical
common sense of his hearers.

2l8

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE igoi.

CHARLES B. HOYT.

Prominent among the men who
have won high reputation for effi-
cient service in the legislature with-
out previous experience in that body
is Charles Burleigh Hoyt, represen-
tative from Sandwich, who was as-
signed to the important position of
chairman of the committee on agricul-
ture, faithfully discharging its duties
and looking well after the interests of
his fellow farmers throughout the
state, yet neglecting in no degree the
general responsibilities of citizenship.
Mr. Hoyt is a native of Sandwich,
born December 12, 1850. He gradu-

Charles B Hoyt.

ated from New Hampton Institution
in 1882, and engaged in teaching for
several winters, but his main interest
has been in the line of agriculture,
and, with his brother, he has re-
tained the proprietorship of the old
home farm in Sandwich. He was a
prime mover in the establishment of

the Sandwich creamery and in the or-
ganization of the Town Fair associa-
tion. He has also been an efficient
working member of the state board
of agriculture since 1897, and a lead-
ing speaker at its institutes. He is
specially prominent and active in the
order Patrons of Husbandry, being a
charter member and past master of Mt.
Israel grange of Sandwich, and of Car-
roll County Pomona grange, and hav-
ing also served as district deputy and
special depxxty of the State grange,
and being at the present time its gen-
eral deputy, as well as president of the
Grange State Fair association. He
was also president of the association
made up of the farmers of the house,
during the recent legislative session,
and known as the " Farmers' Coun-
cil." He is a read}', earnest, and
effective speaker, and few members
exerted more influence than he in
this direction on the floor of the
house.

EMRI C. HUTCHINSON.

There are tew men better known
in the state of New Hampshire than
the genial and efficient secretary of
the State grange, Emri C. Hutchin-
son of Milford, chairman of the house
committee on agricultural college,
who was born in the towix where he
now resides, July 31, 1849, being a
kinsman of the famous Hutchinson
family of singers, born in the same
town. He was born, reared, and has
always resided upon the ancestral
farm which he now occupies. He was
educated in the district and private
schools, and was for a time a student
in the agricultural college at Han-
over, but did not complete the course.
He has been prominent in agricul-
tural affairs and grange work since

SOME LEAD/KG LEGISLATORS OE rgoi.

219

^ *»

• •*

,./

-■'V*. «Vl:«*i'

Emri C. Hutchinson.

early life, having been secretary of
the old Hillsborough County Agri-
cultural society, and a charter mem-
ber and the first secretary of Granite
grange, Milford, organized hi 1873.
He has been secretary of the State
grange for the last ten years, and
had previously served as assistant
steward, and general deputy, in
which capacity he has organized and
reorganized many granges, and offi-
ciated at more installations than any
other member of the order in New
Hampshire, with the possible excep-
tion of State Master Bachelder, and
is probably personally known to more
members than any other man. He
has been the efficient secretary of the
New Hampshire Grange Mutual Fire
Insurance company since its organi-
zation, twelve years ago, and to his
intelligent and conscientious labor
the remarkable success of that asso-
ciation is largely due.

Mr. Hutchinson is a ready speaker,

when occasion requires, but never
talks unless it is necessary, and was
consequently not much heard on the
floor during the recent session, but
the discussion on the bill reinforcing
the oleomargarine law brought him
out as an effective champion of the
farmers' interests.

WILLIAM F. XASON.

Among the most influential mem-
bers of the judiciary committee of the
house, during the recent session, was
William F. Nason, a representative
from Ward Two, Dover. Mr. Nason
is a native of the state of Maine,
born in the town of Sauford, Novem-
ber 22, 1857, a sou of Joseph T. and
Susan E. (Frost) Nason. He was
educated at South Berwick and Ken-
nebunk, Me., read law in Maine and
New Hampshire, was admitted to the
bar in 1879, and located in practice
in Dover, where he has since re-
mained, gaining an established repu-

f *****

«#"

William F. Nason.

2 20

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

tation at the bar, and taking a promi-
nent part in the conduct of public
affairs. He has served seven years
as city solicitor of Dover, six years
as solicitor for Strafford county, was
a representative in the legislature of
1887, and mayor of Dover in 1896 and
1897. Mr. Nason is a man of dig-
nified bearing and impressive man-
ner, and few more persuasive speak-
ers have been heard on the floor
of the house in recent years. He
does not jump into the fray upon
every petty question that arises, but
makes it a point to be heard only in
matters of moment, and, as a natural
result, when he does speak it is to
the point and with effect. He was
called to the speaker's chair on sev-
eral occasions during the recent ses-
sion, demonstrating superior capacity
as a presiding officer, and fairly justi-
fying the prediction of his friends
that the next speakership might be
considered within his reach in case
of his reelection.

FRED C. PARKER.

Fred C. Parker of Ac worth en-
joys the distinction of being the first
Democrat chosen to the legislature
from that town in a long series of
years, and his election resulted from
personal popularity rather than party
strength, since the vote of the town
for presidential electors was— Repub-
lican, 114, Democratic, 62; and for
governor, Republican, 109 ; Demo-
cratic, 64 ; while Mr. Parker re-
ceived 108 votes to 66 for his Re-
publican opponent. He is a native
of the town of Dempster, born Jan-
uary 27, 1858, being a son of Hi-
ram Parker, a leading citizen of the
town, and a nephew of ex-Congress-
man Hosea W. Parker of Claremont.

Frea C. Parker.

He graduated from the New Hamp-
shire Agricultural college, with the
degree of B. S., in 1879. He has
been in business as a general mer-
chant in Ac worth for nearly twenty
years past, where he has done an
extensive business. He has been
superintending committee, a member
of the school board, town clerk, and
town treasurer. He is an Odd Fel-
low and a member of the Patrons
of Husbandry, and is popular among
all classes of people. His service in
the house was upon the insurance
committee, which had an unusual
amount of work at the recent session,
and he presented most of the reports
of the committee to the house.

ALBERT T. SEVERANCE.

Dr. Albert Tefft Severance, repre-
sentative from Exeter, and chairman
of the committee on state prison in
the house, who is a leading dentist of
his town, was born in Brewer, Me.,

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE igoi.

221

September y. 1842, being a son of
Thomas and Eydia (Novell) Sever-
ance. His father was a soldier of
the War of 181 2, while his grand-
father served under Ethan Allen at
Tieonderoga. His mother also came
of patriotic ancestry, her grandfather
having been wounded and captured
at Bunker Hill, and having subse-
quently served under Washington in
Virginia.

Dr. Severance received his primary
education in Dexter, Me., and was
the first man to enlist in the Union
army from that town upon the out-
break of the Rebellion. He was en-
rolled in Company H, Sixth Maine
Regiment of Infantry, and served
three years, being several times
wounded in action, one wound being
from a bayonet thrust at Fredericks-
burg, where he was promoted on the
field of battle, a distinction conferred
on but one other member of his
regiment. Returning home, he re-

Aibert T. Severance,

sumed his studies and finally entered
upon dental practice. He has been
located in Exeter since 1885, where
he has attained prominence in his
profession, and in the community at
large through his interest in public
affairs. He is a zealous Republican,
having been for some time secretary
and treasurer of the Rockingham
County Republican club of which he
is now president. He is a prominent
Free Mason and Grand Army man,
and was superintendent of schools in
Newmarket, where he was located
for some years before settling in Exe-
ter. He is a ready speaker, and was
heard on more than one occasion in
the debates 011 the floor of the house,
his most notable effort being an earn-
est speech in opposition to the Pierce
statue resolution.

EZRA M. SMITH.

One of the most indefatigable work-
ers and incisive and logical speakers
of the house during the recent ses-
sion was Ezra M. Smith of Peter-
borough, a lawyer of that town, born
in Langdon, January 25, 1838. He
acquired a college preparatory educa-
tion, and then took up the study of
the law, pursuing the same in the
office of the late Chief Justice Ed-
mund D. dishing of Charlestown,
and at the Albany Law school, from
which he graduated, and was admit-
ted to the Hillsborough County bar
in May, 1864, locating immediately
in Peterborough, where he has since
remained. He has been active in
public affairs as well as in profes-
sional work ; has served sixteen years
as a member of the board of select-
men, and ten years on the board of
education. He was a member of the
legislature in 1S71 and 1S72, and a

222

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF iooi.

* i

Ezra M. Smith.

delegate in the constitutional conven-
tion of 1876. He is also justice of
the Peterborough police court. He
is a member of the Congregational
church, and a prominent Patron of
Husbandry, having been master of
Peterborough grange. He has a di-
rect interest in agriculture, being
himself the owner of a good farm,
and he understands the wants of the
agricultural community as thoroughly
as almost any other man. No mem-
ber of the house gave more careful
attention to all matters coming up for
consideration than did Mr. Smith,
and none spoke more effectively or
to the point, upon most of the impor-
tant questions coming up lor consid-
eration during the session. He was
a member of the committee on re-
vision of the statutes.

DR. FERDINAND A. STIXUNGS.

An appropriate appointment w r as
made by Speaker Little when he

named Ferdinand A. Stillings, M. D.,
of Ward Five, Concord, as chairman
of the house committee on asylum for
the insane, and also as a member of
the committee on public health. Dr.
Stillings is a native of the town of
Jefferson, born March 30, 1849. He
w 7 as educated in the public schools,
at Lancaster aeadem)-, Dartmouth
Medical college, and in Europe.
After graduating from the medical
school in 1870, he served for three

Ferdinand A. Stillings.

years as an assistant physician at
the McLean asylum in Somerville,
Mass., and then spent a year in
study abroad — at London, Dublin,
and Paris. Returning home, he com-
menced practice in Concord, where
he has since remained, establishing
a business unsurpassed by that of
any member of the profession in the
city, being specially noted for success
in surgery, in which line he is ex-
tensively employed by the Boston
& Maine railroad. He has pursued

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE rgoi.

223

special courses of study in New
York and Philadelphia, and keeps
fully abreast with the times in the
various lines of medical progress.
Dr. Stillings was surgeon-general
on the military staff of Governor
Tuttle, also on that of Gov. Frank
W. Rollins. He served in the last
legislature as chairman of the com-
mittee on banks. He is a member
of Rumford Lodge, I. O. O. F., of
Concord.

GEORGE T. STOCKWELL.

For the third successive term
George T. Stockwell of Claremont
came back to the legislature from
that enterprising town at the last ses-
sion, he having been a member in
1897 and 1S99, serving the first time
on the committee on insurance, and
two years ago on the railroad com-
mittee, to which he was also assigned
this year. Mr. Stockwell was born
in Croydon, April 9, 1847, and was

George T. Stockwell.

educated at New Loudon. He has
been located in Claremont many
years, where he is extensively en-
gaged as a contractor and builder,
and also carries on quite a business
in the insurance line, and as an auc-
tioneer. He is prominent in Odd
Fellowship, being a member of Sul-
livan Lodge, Evening Star Encamp-
ment, and Canton Oasis of Clare-
mont, and having passed the chairs
in the two former. There were few
more industrious members in the
house than Mr. Stockwell, and none
more ready to defend any measure
which he deemed right, or to oppose
any which he regarded unjustifiable.

DAVID D. TAYLOR.

Althouh residing in a w r ard which
is ordinarily Republican by nearly
one hundred majority, David D.
Taylor of Ward Six, Concord, one of
the best known Democrats in the
city, was chosen a representative in
the legislature at the election last
November, by forty-one majority
over his Republican competitor, and
twenty-seven greater than that re-
ceived by one of his Republican asso-
ciates in the delegation. Mr. Taylor
is a native of Sanbornton, where he
was born October 20, 1849, and was
educated in the schools of that town,
and at the New Hampton Literary
Institute. He removed to Concord
at the age of twenty years, in 1869,
and entered the employ of Norris >N:
Crockett, bakers and confectioners,
in which establishment he has been
a prominent figure for the last quar-
ter of a century, and a partner in the
firm since the death of Mr. Crockett,
some fourteen years ago. There is
no more popular man or public spir-
ited citizen in Concord. Politically

224

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF igoi.

he has always been an earnest work-
ing Democrat, but has never sought
public office, and has never been a
candidate for the same, except when
made so against his own protest.
He served four years as a member
of the board of Merrimack county
commissioners, taking a prominent
part in the work, and his judgment
and foresight contributed largely to
the welfare of the county. He is an
Odd Fellow, a member of White Mt.
Lodge and Penacook Encampment.
He is also a trustee of Union Guar-
anty Savings bank of Concord, and
president of the Pass Creek Ranch

David D. Taylor.

Company of Wyoming. He has been
for the last three years, since the
establishment of the board, one of
the United States Jury Commission-
ers for New Hampshire. June, 1878,
he married Minnetta Cheney of Con-
cord. They have one son, Fred B. ,
now a student at Phillips Andover
academy.

His committee service was on the
judiciary, where, although a layman,
his sound sense and practical busi-
ness sagacity enabled him to do bet-
ter work for the state than the aver-
age lawyer, and where he com-
manded the hearty respect of his
associates.

KIMBALL WEBSTER.

Among the oldest as well as most
active members of the house may be
reckoned Kimball Webster of Hud-
son, a member of the important com-
mittee on appropriations as well as
the committee on towns, both of
which had an unusual amount of
work at the recent session. Mr.
Webster was born in Pelham, No-
vember 2, 1828, and was educated
in the schools of that town and Hud-
son. His occupation is that of a sur-
veyor and civil engineer, in addition
to which, for many years past, he
has been engaged to a considerable
extent in probate business and con-
veyancing. In 1849, when only
twenty years of age, he made the
journey across the continent to Cali-
fornia, being six months en route.
The next season he went from Cali-
fornia to Oregon, where he was en-
gaged for more than four years in
the employ of the United States gov-
ernment as deputy surveyor, leaving
lor home in August, 1854. In 1855
he was in the service of the Hanni-
bal & St. Joseph railroad, examining
the lands of the company in the state
of Missouri. Since 1857, in January
of which year he married Miss Abiah
Cutter of Pelham, he has been a
resident and an active and influential
citizen of the town of Hudson. He
has served several years as a member
of the board of selectmen, and was

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OE r 9 oi.

225

Kimball Webster.

chairman of the board in 1 873-' 74-
'75. He was also a member of the
school board from 1SS5 to 1891 in-
clusive. He is a member of Rising
Sun Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of
Nashua, and was a charter member
and first master of Hudson Grange,
P. of H., in which organization he
has retained an active membership,
serving as master ten years in all.
He was for two years master of the
Hillsborough County council, and for
ten years secretary of that organiza-
tion and its successor, the Hillsbor-
ough County Pomona grange. He
is also a member of Hudson Com-
mandery, U. O. G. C, and has been
several times noble commander. Po-
litically he has always been an earn-
est Democrat, while in his religious
views he is liberal. He commands
the confidence of his townsmen in a
high degree, has served as moderator
of the town-meetings many times,
and was chairman of the committee

xxx— 16

appointed by the town in 1881 to
build a bridge over the Merrimack.

WILLIAM F. WHITCHER.

William F. Whitcher, representa-
tive from the town of Haverhill, and
an active member of the judiciary
committee, is a son of the late Hon.
Ira Whitcher, one of the best known
men of northern New Hampshire.
He was born in Benton, August 10,
1845. He graduated from the Wes-
leyan university at Middletown,
Conn., in the class of 1871, and from
the School of Theology, Boston uni-
versity, class of 1S74, and, entering
the ministry of the Methodist Episco-
pal church, held pastorates in New-
port and Providence, R. I., and New
Bedford, Mass., from 1872 to 1881.
From the latter year till 1898 he was
engaged in journalism in Boston, as
editor of the Boston Traveller, and
literary editor and court reporter on
the Boston Advertiser. In politics he

William F. Whitcner.

226

SOME LEADING LEGISLATORS OF 1901.

was originally a Democrat, but has
acted with the Republican party since
1885. During his period of journal-
istic labor in Boston, as a resident of
the city of Maiden, he served as a
member of the school board from
1887 to 1S95, being chairman four
years. He declined nominations to
the common council and the state
legislature. In 1898, upon the death
of his father, he removed to the vil-
lage of Woodsville, in the town of
Haverhill, where he has since re-
sided. He is the proprietor of the
Cohos Steam Print and the Woods-
ville News, and clerk of the Woods-
ville Guaranty Savings bank, a
trustee and a member of the invest-
ment and examining committees.
He is also president of the Woods-
ville board of trade, and chairman of
the board of trustees of the Methodist
Episcopal chinch. He is a master
Mason, having filled the chairs in his
lodge ; a member of the Royal Ar-
canum, having served in the Grand
Council, and a district deputy grand
regent for six years. He is also a
member of the Ancient Order of
United Workmen, and is connected
with various college fraternities. He
married, in 1872, Jeanette M. Burr of
Middletown, Conn., by whom he had
one son, Burr Royce Whitcher, a
member of the class of '02, Dart-
mouth college; second, in 1896,
Marietta E. Hadley of Stonehatn,
Mass. His residence at Woodsville
is one of the finest in the county, and
his private library large and well
selected, with special reference to
American political history and bio-
graphy. Mr. Whitcher is a close
student and ready writer. He is a
correspondent of the Manchester
Union and Boston Herald, and a

contributor to various magazines and
periodicals, aside from his own news-
paper work. He is a forceful and
effective speaker, and was frequently
heard in debate on the floor during
the session.

J. HOWARD WIGHT.

Joseph Howard Wight, representa-
tive from Ward One, Berlin, and a
member of the judiciary committee,

J. Howard Wight.

is a native of the town of Dummer,
born March 11, 1866, being a son of
Isaac C. Wight, who was three times
a member of the house, some thirty
years ago, and a member of the con-
stitutional convention of 1876. He
was educated in the common schools,
at the Maine Wesleyan seminary at
Kent's Hill, Me., and the Boston
University Daw school, and has been
located in Berlin in the practice of
the law for the last ten years. He
was elected town clerk of Berlin in

SIGNS OF SPRING.

227

1 89 1, serving for three years, and
was chairman of the board of select-
men, during the year before Berlin
became a city. He was also a mem-
ber of the last legislature, then also
serving on the judiciary committee
and the committee on journal of the
house. He is a successful lawyer,
and is engaged in various business
enterprises outside his professional
work. He is prominent in secret
orders, and is associated with the
Masons, Knights of Pythias, Forest-
ers, the Eastern Star, and the Grange.

No reference to the leaders in the
legislative work of the session of the
general court just ended would be
complete without mention of the
names of several men aside from
those whose portraits we have been
able to present in the preceding

pages. Messrs. John C. Bickford of
Ward Four, Manchester, chairman
of the committee on revision of the
statutes ; Arthur O. Fuller of Exe-
ter, of the committee on the judi-
ciary, and chairman of the com-
mittee on elections ; Frederick E.
Small of Rochester, of the judiciary
committee ; Charles W. Hoitt, of
Ward One, Nashua, also of the ju-
diciary committee; John B. Cava-
naugh, of Ward One, Manchester,
of the same committee, and Charles
J. O'Nei!, of Walpole, of the com-
mittee on elections were all active
and influential members, industrious
and efficient in committee work, and
ready and effective in debate, con-
tributing in no smaller measure than
those previously mentioned to the
record of practical achievement made
on the pages of our legislative his-
tory during the session of 1901.

SIGNS OF SPRING.

By Merle Smith.

Look about for signs of spring
Speeding hence on swiftest wing ;
First the south wind melts the snow,
Then the grass begins to grow ;
And the robin sings once more
In the elm tree by the door,
While the snowdrop's modest bloom
Breaks the spell of winter's gloom.
Pussy-willows face the light ;
Clad in gowns of purest white,
They now come to greet the spring—
Loveliness to earth they bring.

Little children, pure and sweet,
Why not bow at Jesus' feet ?
Unto Him thy praises sing
For the welcome signs of spring.

THE WOMEN'S CLUBS OF KEENE.
By Caroline E. Whitcomb.

S has beeu often remarked,
Americans are devoted
adherents to the idea of
organization, and wher-
ever three of their num-
ber may be assembled, there will
spring up some kind of a society with
president, vice-president, and secre-
tary, and possibly one committee.
Labor unions, trusts, fraternal organ-
izations, and patriotic societies, all go
to show that E phiribus unum not only
portrays our national organization,
but expresses also a national charac-
teristic.

Of recent years, we have learned to
ascribe the spread of almost every-
thing, good and bad, in the material
world, to the presence of some germ
or bacillus whose power to reproduce
is practically indefinite. Henry
Drummond has taught us that natural
law prevails in the spiritual world,
and when we remember that the orig-
inal meaning of the word bacillus is a
little club, we cannot help fancying
that to some undiscovered microbe
are due the manifold organizations
that have grown up in such numbers
over our land.

Unique among these organizations
are the women's clubs, whose aim is
not solely intellectual or social or
philanthropic, but a commingling of
all three. New Hampshire is pro-
verbially conservative, and the club
idea did not quickly find lodgment in
its rugged soil, nor has it, thus far,
had a mushroom growth, but, little

\>y little, it has made its way, until in
nearly every city and town in the
state are bands of women studying
and working together for mutual im-
provement and a broader culture.

Among the questions often discussed
in club circles are the relative merits
of the large and the small club. In
the majority of cases, circumstances
have determined largely the character
of the clubs of a community. When
a certain number of earnest, thought-
ful women recognize the need of asso-
ciating themselves together for a com-
mon interest, they say to one another,
"Come, let usorganize a club," and
forthwith there springs into existence
the Woman's Club, formed along the
latest lines and according to the most
approved methods. On the other
hand, many of our most efficient clubs
have grown up informally, from small
beginnings, and the traditions of the
past are too dear to be readily dis-
carded for an up-to-date present.
Thus Concord and Nashua have each
the single, strong organization, with
a membership of more than two hun-
dred, while in Manchester and Keene
are numerous clubs of fifteen, twenty,
or fifty members.

As the State Federation is to hold
its annual meeting next month in the
city of Keene, it has been suggested
by the editor of the Granite Month-
ly that some account of the hostess
clubs may prove of timely interest to
club women throughout the state.

There are at present five federated

THE WOMEN'S CLUBS OF KEENE.

229

clubs in the city ; namely, the Fort-
nightly, the Colonial, the Tourist, the
Current Events, and the Froebel. In
addition to these are the Granite Club
of West Keene, the Art and the Music
clubs, which have not yet joined the
Federation.

The Fortnightly Club which stands
as a pioneer among the federated
clubs of the city, began its career as
a reading circle of about twenty mem-
bers in 1887. The next year more
definite work was undertaken in the
study of Rome, papers on its princi-
pal buildings, works of art, and other
historic features, being prepared by
its members. Then came the study
of other important cities of Europe,
the history of England, Greece, and
Germany. For the past three years,
American history has held first place
in the calendar, while talks on sociol-
ogy, current events or book reviews,
given by club members or invited
guests, form part of the programme of
every meeting.

For the first years of its history, the
club met informally, the hostess for
the day presiding over the meeting ;
but with increased membership and
broader aims, organization became
essential, and a constitution was
adopted and officers elected, in 1894.

Mrs. Mary B. Corey was the first
president, and under her wise guid-
ance there grew up that solidarity of
aim and purpose so essential to club
life.

In 1895, delegates were sent to the
preliminary meeting of clubs held at
Concord for the purpose of organizing
a State Federation, and the Fort-
nightly thus became one of the char-
ter members of that body.

The State Federation is the con-
trolling principle in the club life of

New Hampshire, and membership in
it has brought to the Fortnightly new
methods of work, and also most
friendly and cordial relations with the
women of the state. On one occasion
the state officers were its guests, while
at other times it has listened with
pleasure and profit to Mrs. Lilian C.
Streeter, Mrs. Susan C. Bancroft, Mrs.
M. H. Varick, Mrs. Mary Wood, Mrs.
Ellen M. Mason, and other represen-
tative women of the state. " Reci-
procity Day," observed for the first
time this year, also brought represen-
tatives from other clubs who contrib-
uted an afternoon of rare enjoyment
to both club members and invited
guests.

Other speakers from outside the
state have appeared before the club,
among the number being Ross Turner,
Mrs. Ellen M. Johnson, Prof. Jean C.
Bracq, Margaret Deland, and Richard
C. Humphreys, while the clergymen,
doctors, lawyers, and teachers of our
own city have willingly given of their
wisdom at the invitation of the club.

The Fortnightly has also received
more than its share of honors from the
Federation. Three of its members
are found on the list of committees,
while both the first and the present
recording secretary have been taken
from its membership.

The Fortnightly Club, however, has
remembered that selfishness is stagna-
tion, and with true altruistic spirit has
endeavored to extend its spheres of in-
fluence beyond its immediate circle.
It has manifested its interest in the
matter of school-room decoration by
adorning the walls of one of the pri-
mary schools of the city with carefully
selected casts and photographs.

For the past two years the club has
been a member of the Library Art

230

THE WOMEN'S CLUBS OF KEENE.

Association, and the collections of pic-
tures received nearly every month are
placed on exhibition at the public
library, where all may enjoy them.
Through the kindness of Dr. T. W.
Harris, informal talks, open to the
public, have been given in connection

Mrs. Carrie Kimball Hersey.
President Fortnightly Club.

with two of these exhibits, one on
English country churches, the other
on Oxford.

Through the Sociological commit-
tee and its efficient chairman, Mrs.
Katherine L,. Wright, Hospital Dac-
has become a permanent feature of
the yearly programme, and the Elliott
City hospital has received a set of
medical scales and a medical diction-
ary, together with supplies of band-
ages and household furnishings, the
gifts of the club.

To the Kurn Hattin Homes at
Westminster, Vt., has also been given
financial aid as a token of the high
esteem in which these institutions are
held by the club.

But the Fortnightly has also its
gala occasions, and foremost on the
list of social events stands "Gentle-
men's Night." The high esteem in
which this is held by its guests was
manifested two years ago by the gift
of a beautiful gavel presented by the
" Husbands of the Fortnightly."

" Eadies' Afternoon" is another
red-letter day, when each member
has an opportunity to exercise the
grace of hospitality and invite some
friend to the club meeting.

On the other hand the "Club Tea,"
which closes the year's work, is a
gathering of club members, and is an
occasion when wisdom is banished
and wit and fun prevail.

On its "Field Day' in June the
club and its friends find themselves
each year in " fresh woods and pas-
tures new," the sun always shines,
and dame Nature is ever a charming
hostess.

At the present writing, the Fort-
nightly numbers fifty active and three
honorary members. The president,
Mrs. Carrie Kimball Hersey, who is
also recording secretary of the State
Federation, is just closing her second
year of service, which has been one
of the most prosperous in the history
of the club.

The Colonial Club, organized in
1894, is the outgrowth of a Univer-
sity Extension course given in this
city by Henry W. Rolfe. Its course
of study was suggested, however,
through a lecture by Prof. John Fiske,
in which he deplored the ignorance
of Americans on the subject of colo-
nial history, and suggested that a
comprehensive study of this subject
would amply repay any who might
undertake it.

For three years the club devoted its

THE WOMEN'S CEUBS OE KEENE.

231

entire programme to a most careful
study of the exploration and coloniza-
tion of America, another year to the
War of the Revolution, and still a
third to the formation of the constitu-
tion, aud the development of the
country down to the time of the Civil
War.

For the present year the subject of
study is the Netherlands and the Six-
teenth Century, the plan being to
spend two years in this field.

All these courses are noted for. their
thorough and conscientious character,
and for the painstaking research called
for on the part of its members. In-
deed, so excellent is the present pro-
gramme regarded by leaders of club
thought, that it has appeared complete
in the club department of a recent
number of the Delineator.

In order to promote a knowledge
and love of American history, the
club voted four years ago to offer
annually ten dollars in prizes to the
pupils of the Senior and Junior classes
of the Keene high school for essa3 r s
on some topic connected with Ameri-
can history. The essays are submit-
ted to competent judges, and at a
meeting of the club the prizes are
awarded and the best essay is usually
read. Some of the subjects — which
are always chosen by the club — have
been the Colonial History of New
Hampshire, the Early History of
Keene, Abigail Adams, aud Anne
Hutchinson.

This club has also taken under its
care two of the schools in the poorer
section of the city. A committee is
appointed to visit the schools, confer
with the teachers in regard to the
needs of the pupils, and furnish suit-
able clothing to any who may be in
need. Each year a treat is furnished

to the children ; one year this took
the form of a turkey dinner ; another,
seventy-five children gathered to lis-
ten to an illustrated talk on " Birds,"
each child receiving at the close of the
entertainment an orange and a bag
of candy as souvenirs of the occasion.
The Colonial also has its holidays,
its open dates, and its field meetings.
On the former occasions, which occur
in December, various speakers have
appeared before the club and its
friends, among the number being
Rev. C. E. Harrington, Hon. John T.
Abbott, and Rev. C. B. Elder. On
one of its field meetings, the club
members, with the D. A. R. as guests,
visited the historic town of old Deer-
field, where colonial history lives in

Mrs. Margaret L. Griffin.
President Colonial Club.

even- stone and tree, and where the
past seems more real then the present.
This club was admitted to the Fed-
eration in 1896. It now numbers
thirty-five active, fifteen associate, and
six honorary members. During its

232

THE WOMEN'S CLUBS UT KEENE.

entire history it has had practically
the same officers, and the same exec-
utive committee. Mrs. Margaret L,.
Griffin, who has occupied the presi-
dent's chair from the beginning, is
also a member of the D. A. R. and of
the Colonial Dames.

Another club of more recent origin
is known as the Tourist Club. Its
history begins in 1896, when five
young brides met once a fortnight
to spend an afternoon over their em-
broidery while one of their number
read aloud from some book of travels.
Mrs. Mary Kittredge Hall was the
leading spirit in this company, and,
indeed, president in fact if not in

Mrs. Belle Marshall Worcester.
President Tourist Club.

name. In 1898 a more formal organ-
ization was effected by the adoption
of a constitution and the election of
officers. Mrs. Ellis Ring was the
first president, and to her energy and
enthusiasm much of the later success
of the club is due. At present the
chair of president is most ably filled

by Mrs. Belle H. Worcester. Dur-
ing the past three years, the club has
studied in turn Holland, Scotland,
and England, and the programme
found in the dainty year book of the
current year is conclusive evidence of
the excellent work done by the mem-
bers. At the field meeting held in
Boston last October in response to
the topic, " Our Indifferent Members,"
the speaker remarked that she could
not respond to that subject for there
were no such members in her club.
Her words might be truthfully ech-
oed by the president of the Tourist
club, whose members are all imbued
with that spirit of loyalty which is a
sure indication of prosperity.

This club has also its gentlemen's
night, its guest afternoon, and its
field day.

Among its speakers have been Mr.
Reynold Janney, Rev. C. B. Elder,
and Mrs. Juliette Rhodes. The club
is fortunate in having many musi-
cians among its members, and the
singing of the Tourist quartette adds
much to the enjoyment of its meet-
ings.

The philanthropic work of this
club has included not merely the
giving of money, but those kindly
deeds and charities which enrich
both those who give and those who
receive. Each year a Christmas box
filled with suitable gifts is sent to
the Girls' Home at Westminster, Vt,
while in more than one instance the
members have given material aid to
those needing assistance at our very
doors. This club also has joined the
ranks of the Federation, being ad-
mitted in 1900. Its membership is
thirty and its meetings are held on
alternate Thursdays from October to
April.

THE WOMEN'S CLUBS OF KEENE.

233

Mrs. Nellie Calef Litchfield.
President Current Events Club.

In 1896 the spirit of club organiza-
tion once more fell upon our city,
and as a result, the Current Events
Club came into being. At its begin-
ning this club consisted of some of the
recent graduates of the Keene high
school, who felt that the close of
school life should not and did not
mean to them a cessation from all
study. Other young women have
joined the ranks until it now has
a membership of twenty-five. At a
time when history was making so
rapidly, no subject could yield more
of information or of interest than cur-
rent events, and this was accord-
ingly chosen as the topic of study
for two years. As many of the mem-
bers were musicians, a study of the
lives and works of eminent compos-
ers was an additional feature of the
programme. Later, two years were
given to Spain, the country of which
one heard so much and knew so lit-
tle. For the past year, United States

history has been the chief topic for
consideration.

As in the other clubs, guest night
and field day stand forward con-
spicuously as play-days. On one of
these, the club enjoyed a talk by Dr.
A. M. Dodge of Boston, who told
of his personal experiences in Arctic
exploration.

Realizing that "no man liveth to
himself," the Current Events club,
too, has helped those in need both by
gifts of money and kindly deed.

The president of this club is Mrs.
Nellie C. Litchfield, and the meet-
ings are held fortnightly on Wed-
nesday afternoons.

Although the Froebel Club is per-
haps the youngest literary organiza-
tion in the city, it certainly ranks
among the first in the importance of
its subject of study. As the name
would indicate, the club devotes it-
self to the study of child life, and
its motto is found in the words of
its great teacher, Friedrich Froebel,

Miss Ellen Ruby Perry.
President Froebel Club.

234

THE WOMEN'S CLUBS OF KEENE.

"To educate one's self and others
with consciousness, freedom, and self-
determination is a twofold achieve-
ment of wisdom." Its membership
consisted at first of seven mothers
and teachers who felt the need of
better preparation for the develop-
ment of the child life under their
care. Others were soon knocking
for admission, and at present the club
includes thirty-four members, active,
associate, and corresponding. Its or-
ganizer and president, Miss Ellen
Ruby. Perry, is editor of the kinder-
garten department of both Mothers'
Journal and Motherhood, two pub-
lications devoted to child study and
the problems of child life. The club
has a course of reading compris-
ing about twelve books, among the
number being " Froebel's Autobiog-
raphy," his " Education of Man,"
and "Mottoes and Commentaries of
the Mother-Plays." Indeed, in every
way the members endeavor to famil-
iarize themselves with the teachings
of the great leaders of thought along
these lines. That these ideas may
find lodgment in many a mother's
heart and brain, the club has placed
many of these books in the maternity
ward of the Elliott City hospital.

The gala days of this club are
Froebel's birthday, April 21 , a guest
night, a Shakespeare afternoon, and
a children's day. On Froebel's birth-
day quotations are given from the
great teacher's writings, his picture
is decorated with flowers, and a re-
view given of some of his works.

Children's day, however, is the
favorite day with the club, when tiny
visitors appear and are made glad
with kindergarten games and stories.
True to the kindergarten spirit of
making others happy, even the chil-

dren spent a part of one afternoon in
making flower baskets for the City
hospital. The club, too, by its gra-
cious ministries and gifts of flowers
to the sick and the shut-ins has al-
ready won its place in the hearts of
many.

Of the non-federated clubs in the
city, the Granite Club of West Keene
is the only one purely literary in its
nature. Its membership is limited to
thirty-five, and the president is Mrs.
Ellery Rugg. Its programme is some-
what varied, comprising topics on an-
cient histor)', readings from Ameri-
can authors, and current events. The
meetings are held fortnightly on Sat-
urday afternoons.

The Art Club, which is composed
of both men and women, has the
largest membership of any club in
the city. Its meetings are held
monthly, and the programme is both
interesting and practical. It alone
has a club-room, which is also a stu-
dio and an exhibition-room. Classes
in sketching, embroidery and wood
carving have been carried on suc-
cessfully during the club's history.
The president is Mrs. Mary H.
Prentiss.

The Music Club, which is limited
to thirty members, is an organization
of musicians and music lovers, with
Miss Katherine Eeverett as president.
Its monthly meetings are full of in 1
terest and its members do faithful,
conscientious work. Through its ef-
forts, organ recitals, piano recitals,
and concerts are brought within the
reach of the public at comparatively
small cost.

At present, the chief topic of con-
versation among the club women of
Keene is the approaching meeting of
the Federation to which all are look-

THE WOMEN'S CEUBS OF KEENE. 235

ing forward with pleasure and antiei- Through this and kindred meet-

pation. Then we hope to welcome ings may the women of New Hamp-

to our city and to our homes repre- shire learn to know one another, to

sentatives from all the federated clubs inspire one another, and to clasp

of the state, from the mountains and hands in all that makes for the en-

the seashore, from our cities and our riching and ennobling of the indi-

country towns. vidual, of society, of the state.

BY CONCORD'S BRIDGE.
By Walter Cummings Butterworth.

O where the men that Warren led ?
They sleep, they sleep ! but are not dead.
O ye who fought as brave men should,
For Freedom's home and Freedom's good.
Dong shall a nation's voice upraise
In song, in anthem, and in praise.

O where the men that Prescott led ?
They sleep, they sleep ! but are not dead.
The voice of one was that of all ;
As one they rose to Freedom's call ;
As one the}'' rose to rule, or share
The martyr's icy mantle there.

O where the men that Putnam led ?

They sleep, they sleep ! but are not dead.

O listen to the tale I tell,

Of how the freemen fought and fell,

And how before their scanty lead

The red-coats turn'd and backward fled.

O where the men that Lincoln led ?
They sleep, they sleep ! but are not dead.
Ye 've heard how from old Concord's bridge
They drove the red-coats to the ridge,
And how from hill and dale they hurl'd
A voice of freedom round the world.

O where the men that Pinkney led ?
They sleep, the}' sleep ! but are not dead.
The sacred page from history won
Shall bear the name of Washington,
And e'er the roll of gratitude
The name of Lafayeite include.

236 IT IS AS THE AIR.

O where the men that Sumter led ?
They sleep, they sleep ! but are not dead.
When Washington and General Greene
Rode forward to review the scene,
Cornwallis said, " The strife is done,"
And captive knelt to Washington.

O where the men that Steuben led ?
They sleep, they sleep ! but are not dead.
Strong beat the pulse of Bunker Hill ;
A century down is beating still ;
But grander yet was Yorktown's fall ;
And Washington most grand of all.

O where the men that Schuyler led ?
They sleep, they sleep ! but are not dead.
Go ask the knoll by Bunker Hill ;
Go ask the elms by Concord's rill
Go ask the hearts from shore to shore,
Whither the braves who are no more ?

where the men that Allen led ?

They sleep, they sleep ! but are not dead.
" O can the lives of heroes die ?"

1 ask, and tones of fate reply :

" Though deep and silent sleeps the soul,
Their spirits know no earthly goal !"

IT IS AS THE AIR.

By Laura Garland Carr.

Why sue for public favor ! 'Tis like air —
Borne here and there by every passing wind,
Never a moment to one purpose pinned,

Now working exultation, now despair ;

Now fawns and flatters till the heart is bare-
Then all its tricksome petting will rescind,
Toss you aside like some vile thing that 's sinned

And seek some other trusting soul to snare.

Oh, be indifferent and take no heed
Nor try this fickle favor to entrap !

Work for the sake of work — asking no meed —
And for its frown or smile care — not a rap !

Then, when its changeful mood the least you heed
'Twill pour its choicest treasures in your lap !

TO A VIOLET.
By Esther D. Gill.

Modest little violet blue,
Wet with pearly drops of dew,
Tell me why you stand alone
Beside this gloomy, gray, old stone.

You must be lonely growing here ;
No other violets are near.
I saw so many by yon brook
In such a quiet, shady nook.

Tell me, little floweret blue,
Would you not like to be there too ?
Slowly the violet shook her head
And in a gentle voice she said :

" The Father sends His sun and showers
To me as to all other flowers,
'Twas He who placed me here and so
I know 'tis here I ought to grow.

" Besides, a little crippled lad
Whose face is pale and wan and sad,
Comes often here and sits alone
Beside the gloomy, gray, old stone.

" One day my form he chanced to spy.
You should have heard his gleeful cry.
He laughed — the echo lingers yet —
And called me his dear violet.

" Oh, no ! I cannot leave this place
And bring fresh sadness to his face.
He could not walk to yonder nook
To watch the flowers by babbling brook.'

I turned away with bended head
Thinking of what the flower had said.
Ah ! violet, tender, brave and true,
This lesson I have learned from you, —

A lowly life not to despise,
To take the task that nearest lies,
Glad if each day at set of sun
One kindly action I have done.

Z>
Q

H
to

UJ
X

EUCIEN THOMPSON, ESQ.
By Jolui Scales, A. B.

HE Thompson family of
Durham has been an im-
portant factor in that
town, socially and polit-
ically, from a very early
period of its history ; for two centu-
ries some one, or more, of the family
has been conspicuous for activity, en-
ergy, and patriotism, not only in town,
but also in county and state affairs.
John Thompson, son of William the
immigrant to Dover about 1640, was
the first of the name to settle at Oys-
ter River; John's son Robert, in early
manhood, settled on the farm now
owned by Lucien Thompson, Esq., to
whom it has come through a regular
succession of Thompsons, five gener-
ations intervening between Robert
and Lucien.

Robert was succeeded in the own-
ership of the farm by his son Eben-
ezer, who is known in the history of
the state as Judge Ebenezer ; he was
one of the patriots of the Revolution
whose career stands out conspicuously
among the great men of New Hamp-
shire during that period down to the
close of the eighteenth century. He
was secretary of state during the Rev-
olution, and served on the committee
of safety much of the time ; he repre-
sented his town in the Assembly many
years ; and during the closing years
of his life he was judge of the court
of common pleas for Strafford county.
Judge Thompson's grandson, Ben-
jamin Thompson, Esq., was the chief

founder of the New Hampshire Col-
lege of Agriculture and Mechanic
Arts, on whose farm the college is
now located. The judge's great
granddaughter, Miss Mary Picker-
ing Thompson, was a distinguished
scholar and writer on a wide range of
topics, being especially noted for re-
searches in the early history of New
Hampshire and her publications on
the history of Ancient Dover, of w r hich
Durham was a part.

Others of the Thompson family
might be mentioned, but that is not
the object of this paper, which is to
set forth some of the prominent traits
of the foremost Thompson in Durham
at the present time ; a man who pos-
sesses the strong features that were
manifested in the careers of his dis-
tinguished ancestors during the past
two hundred years.

Eucien Thompson was born at the
old homestead June 3, 1859, being
son of Ebenezer and Nancy Greeley
(Carr) Thompson. The father died
when the son was ten years old ;
though he was a comparatively young
man at his death, he had shown him-
self to be a man of high worth of
character and of great energy and
activity in business affairs ; besides
his farming he had considerable to
do in railroad construction in New
Hampshire and in the West. At his
death the family removed to Man-
chester where the}' remained some
eight years, but returned again to the

240

LUCIE N THOMPSON, RSO.

Lucien Thompson, Esq.

ancestral farm in Durham when
Lucien graduated from the Manches-
ter high school at the age of eighteen
years ; in this school he won hon-
ors in the class, receiving a rank of
97 per cent, in his studies, and serv-
ing as salutatorian at the graduation
exercises. He was urged to pursue
his studies further in college, but his
love for farming was so strong that
he chose the old farm instead of the
college, with the result that he is one
of the most successful farmers in the
state, and has done a good deal in
teaching others how to be successful
in farming.

His farm is located about half a
mile from the state college buildings,
on the road leading from Durham vil-
lage to Madbury corner ; it embraces
about two hundred acres of land, and

produces annually about sixty tons
of hay, with considerable ensilage.
Fruit, milk, poultry, and pork are
the leading specialties that he handles.
The oarn is spacious and convenient,
the main part being 80x44 Iee t, with
cellar under the whole. In this barn
he keep the best cp^ality of stock, and
whenever any neighbor gets some-
thing better than he has, Mr. Thomp-
son is sure to soon catch up with him.
The house on this farm is one of
those colonial mansions of the middle
of the eighteenth century, large and
invitingly homelike ; it was built by
Judge Ebenezer Thompson, Lucien's
great-great-grandfather, and during
his day was the centre of wide influ-
ence. A few years ago Lucien en-
larged it somewhat by annexing a
room for his library, 011 the east side.

LUCIEN THOMPSON, ESQ.

241

The books of his library line the walls
on four sides, floor to ceiling, except
where there are doors and windows.
It is one of the most valuable private
libraries in New Hampshire, contain-
ing many rare and valuable books.
But more than that Mr. Thompson
has in the overflow of his library (the
one room cannot hold all) a large lot
of ancient manuscripts, letters, etc.,
which have never been published but
are very valuable for historical pur-
poses. It is with these resources at
hand that he is able to write valuable
articles to read before societies, and
for publication in magazines and
newspapers. Mr. Thompson is a very
busy man ; what would be leisure or
idle hours for others, he employs in
his library with his books and manu-
scripts. He is always ready to enter-
tain callers, and gives information
freely, and is sure to get all the in-
formation his callers are willing to
part with. He is a social man and a
good talker on whatever topic he
undertakes.

Although Mr. Thompson is one of
the busiest and most successful farm-
ers in New Hampshire, he has found
time to engage in public affairs when
his fellow-citizens have called on him
to serve them. When he left the high
school and commenced the manage-
ment of the farm, he soon found out
that successful farmers need good
roads ; hence he at once became in-
terested in road building, and was
appointed highway surveyor for his
district before he was old enough to
vote, and continued to serve in that
capacity till the district system was
abolished and the work of repairing
roads was given over to town agents.
As long as Mr. Thompson was sur-
veyor the roads in his district were

xxx — 17

kept in good order at all seasons of
the year.

He was elected a member of the
board of supervisors November 7,
1882, and served several years, being
chairman in 1884 and 1885. He was
representative in the general court in
i887-'88, being then twenty-seven
years old, and served on important
committees with ability and discre-
tion. He was secretary of the com-
mittee on education, Hon. O. C.
Moore being chairman ; he was sec-
retary of the Strafford county delega-
tion and was very influential in hav-
ing the jail rebuilt at Dover as op-
posed to the claims set forth by the
Rochester representatives and citizens;
also he worked hard and was influen-
tial in securing a new court-house in
Dover in preference to having the
county seat moved to the neighboring
city on Norway Plains. He was one
of the court-house building committee
and its secretary. But for the hard
work and influence of those favoring
her interests, Dover, no doubt, would
have lost those public buildings as
well as the county seat.

In September, 1888, he was ap-
pointed a justice of the peace, and
since then he has received the auto-
graph of every governor on some offi-
cial document appointing him to some
public position. In 1887 Governor
Sawyer appointed him a member of
the board of agriculture ; at the expi-
ration of his term he was reappointed
by Governor Goodell. He resigned
this office in 1S92, when he was ap-
pointed by Governor Tuttle as one of
the trustees of the New Hampshire
College of Agriculture and Mechanic
Arts, which was about to be removed
from Hanover to Durham and located
on the farm of the late Benjamin

242

LUC I EN THOMPSON, ESQ.

Thompson, Mr. Thompson's great
uncle. He has continued to hold this
office to the present time, and has
been from the start an active and in-
fluential member of the board. Of
course Governor Jordan will not per-
mit such a valuable member to retire
when his term expires, but will reap-
point him as his predecessors in the
gubernatorial chair have done. There
are only two men besides Mr. Thomp-
son, who are now members of the
board, who were trustees when he was
appointed in 1892.

At the beginning of his first term
he was appointed chairman of the
committee selected to draft rules and
regulations for the government of the
board of trustees ; the burden of this
work fell upon the chairman, but he
and the committee with him did it so
well that no changes have since 'been
found necessary. He has been secre-
tary of the board since June 2, 1896,
and is so well posted concerning the
records since 1887 that he can answer
most any question that arises at the
meetings of the board without refer-
ence to the records.

Mr. Thompson was one of the
twenty charter members of Scammell
grange, which was organized in 1887,
and was elected secretary. He was
elected master in December, 1887, and
reelected four times, but he refused
to accept the fourth reelection ; the
grange then numbered one hundred
and twenty members. He has held
the position of lecturer and overseer
in Kastern New Hampshire Pomona
grange, which then covered a much
larger territory than it now does. He
has also been a member of the execu-
tive committee of the State grange.
He was representative from Scammell
grange to the annual meeting of the

State grange several terms, and was
chairman of a standing committee
much of the time. Wherever the
grangers placed him he has been an
earnest and efficient worker. At the
present time he is an officer in Scam-
mell grange.

Mr. Thompson has taken a prom-
inent part in town affairs during the
past fifteen years. He was elected
moderator March 8, 1892, and was
reelected in the following November,
and was reelected three times after
that, serving in all nearly seven years.
He has been secretary of the Repub-
lican club of Durham many years,
and has served on the state central
committee several years, being one
of the active and efficient members
when it required hard work to win a
Republican victory in New Hamp-
shire. Mention has already been
made of his service in the legislature
as representative from his town.
During the last political campaign
his friends urged him to enter the
field as candidate for nomination for
senator from District No. 22, but he
declined to have his name used, but
said they might consider him if the}-
wished to do so in 1902. His friends
say they shall insist on his being a
candidate for senator at the next
election. Mr. Thompson is a hustler
and has a host of friends ; if he should
be nominated, as seems probable he
will be, his election will be assured,
and the interest of District No. 22
will be carefully guarded in the next
legislature.

Mr. Thompson in 188 1 was one of
the prime movers in organizing the
Durham Social Library, which was
afterwards incorporated, in 1883, as
the Durham Ljbrary Association,
which now has one of the best town

LUCIEN THOMPSON, ESQ.

243

libraries in the state. He lias been
secretary of the association during
the past twenty years. He was chair-
man of the first board of trustees of
the Durham public library, and one
of the leaders in securing: the union
of the public library with the library
association. He is also secretary of
the Durham public library.

Mr. Thompson is a prominent and
working member of the Congrega-
tional church, and no member is bet-
ter informed in regard to the church
history ; he assisted in editing a man-
ual of the church a few years ago,
and in connection therewith pub-
lished an historical sketch which
brought to light much information
never published before. He also
drafted the by-laws for. the church
and the society. While his aunt,
Mi?s Mary P. Thompson, was en-
gaged in gathering material for her
" Landmarks in Ancient Dover, New
Hampshire," he rendered valuable
assistance in searching the records
for authority for the names of locali-
ties in the old town. Since then he
has devoted much of his spare time
to historical research ; and as chair-
man of the committee appointed by
the town to prepare a history of it,
he is now engaged in collecting ma-

terial for that purpose ; he has a
large mass of data on hand, and when
the whole is put into shape by him
and published it will be one of the
most valuable town histories. From
time to time Mr. Thompson has pre-
pared and read historical papers be-
fore various societies ; one of special
interest was read by him at the
meeting of the New Hampshire So-
ciety of Colonial Wars, and the
Colonial Dames, at Durham in June,
1900.

April 6, 1S87, Mr. Thompson was
united in marriage with Mary Lizzie,
daughter of the late Henry A. and
Lizzie (Newell) Gage of Manchester.
They have four children : Robert
Gage, born 17 September, 1888 ; Ruth
Elizabeth, 16 March, 1891 ; Helen
Pickering, 13 January, 1896; Louise
May, 1 November, 1S98. His son
Robert is the ninth generation in
regular descent from the first Thomp-
son who settled in Dover more than
two centuries and a half ago, the
order being as follows : ( 1 ) William ;

(2) John, who settled at Oyster river ;

(3) Robert, who settled on the farm
now owned by Lucien ; (4) Judge
Ebenezer ; (5) Benjamin; (6) Eben-
ezer ; (7) Ebenezer ; (8) Lucien ; (9)
Robert Gage.

THEN WE SHALL SEE.
By H. Maria George Colby.

The sun has loosed the snowy bond

That bound the daisies' eyes from sight.

They see the God of radiance

Who wakes them from their winter night.

The flashing of the gentle brook,
The coming of the bud and leaf,

The whole great miracle of spring,
Confirm my childhood's dear belief

In some great power, far about

The knowledge of the earthly mind,

When we shall rise above the tomb,
We Ml find ourselves no longer blind.

BY THE SCAMANDER.

By Frederick Myron Colby.

Through the green grassed Phrygian lands

Flows a river arrowy, deep,
To the ^Egean's glimmering sands.

Where purple Imbros lies asleep.

Beneath those blue, dilating skies,

Through poppied fields, the river flows,

From where the peaks of Ida rise

Gray- mantled, crowned with gleaming snows..

Its waves roll on with rhythmic flow
Past woodlands old and storied plain,

And beat with cadence soft and low
On shores once littered with the slain.

O river, with thy swelling flood

Fed from a hundred classic springs,

Thine are the banks where heroes stood
And fought and stove the might of kings.

Above the sobbings of thy tide

The roar of fighting armies rise,
And shields and spears and crests of pride

Gleam through thy mists upon our eyes.

BY THE SCAMANDER. 245

Here, in the long-fled, changing years,

Brave Hector fought with zeal sublime,
And braved a nation's hopes and fears,

Which Homer sang in deathless rhyme.

Hoarse through the years the trumpets blow

That called the chiefs to battle there ;
And from the sea with chantings low,

Passed queenly Helen, bright and fair.

And once again, with slow, sad feet,

Oenone w r alked beside thy flood,
And sang with plaintive voice and sweet,

Her world- known woes to field and wood.

A host of phantoms rise to sight,

Their voices mingle with thy flow,
And scenes of gayety and light

Contrast with those of wordless woe.

See, there upon his hollow shield,

Paris, the ingrate, dying lies ;
Borne slowly from the fatal field,
, Among the hills to close his eyes.

Stoled in her royal vestments white,

The Trojan sibyl walked thy shore,
And spoke her oracles of night

To ears incredulous evermore.

The hautboys played to dancing feet

When, at the harvests of the vine,
Dardanian maidens light and fleet,

Sang praises to the god of wine.

Bathed in the mists of classic time,

One moonlight night beside tliy stream,
The gods in all their goodly prime,

Came down to earth with golden gleam.

They left a radiance new and strange

O'er all this fair Dardanian land,
And ever since, Time's ebb and change

Have exercised their magic wand.

Flow on, O stream, with murmurs low,

That o'er far lauds their glamour cast,
And with a dim, sweet underflow

Rehearse the romance of the past.

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 1

By Mrs. Nathan P. Hunt.

O the sound of trump- fifty miles) that few letters were writ-
ets, the noise of bells, ten. Florida blossomed for Spain,
the triumphant sweep of Louisiana submitted to France,
events, the nineteenth The vast territory west of the Mis-
century gave place to sissippi slept in lonely splendor save
the twentieth. In trying to extract for the tread of the Indian, the fall
a little that shall emphasize our in- of cataracts, the varied cadence of
heritance in the century just rounded, the winds, or the touch of rain upon
we are confronted by a great number forest boughs. The Rockies and
of agencies. Art, literature, religion, Sierras were tracked by snows and
philosophy, governmental and indus- shadows.

trial science, education, psychology, It was seven years before Fulton
philanthropy, invention, social and launched the first steamboat on the
domestic economics, and archaeology Hudson. Bridges were rude and
are a few of the forces that follow scarce. There was no hint of the
down in distinct lines to the end of splendid structures that would span
a hundred years. That we may get cataracts and rushing streams, in
some sure impression of what all the quiet succession. Cotton manufac-
commotion is about, we will narrow ture had received a great impetus
our inquiry to our own country, and from the invention of the cotton gin
to a few of the agencies that have by Eli Whitney. Our great inter-
developed our resources and given us state canal system existed only in
the position we hold among the na- the forecast of Washington, and the
tions of the earth. imaginations of a few others. The
In the year 1800 sixteen states meeting houses were as void of or-
were clustered near the Atlantic nament as the catechism ; the music
coast ; Kentucky, Vermont, and Ten- was as dolorous as the creeds ; but
nessee having been added to the origi- there was real piety and honest 1110-
nal thirteen. The land east of the tive in action.

Mississippi was known as the North- New England held at this time a
west Territory, and settlements were character element in its yeomen that
being made there. No railroads fob has been a powerful agent in the
lowed the rivers ; the air carried building up of our institutions. The
no electric wires ; the stage-coach South had a warm climate, an im-
wound its slow way along the val- pressionable people, but the sturdy
leys, carrying the mail at such rates yeomen were a New England prod-
twenty cents for three hundred and uct. They combined large meu-

1 Read before Molly Stark Chapter, D. A . R.

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

247

tal activity with physical strength.
They composed orations while they
followed the plow, and originated
governmental projects while they
went to mill. Let us never forget
to honor their rough hands and true
hearts.

In the dawn of the century the
United States of America was a na-
tion. That wonderful instrument of
government, our constitution, had
taken shape ; had bound the states
together and made a nation. May I
say a little about the making of this
instrument without naming any of
its provisions ? It was done in con-
vention, as you know, in Philadel-
phia, and \>y fifty-five delegates, who
held thirteen sessions before it was
brought into shape. The names of
the delegates I need not repeat ; they
have a temple of fame in the hearts
of our people. Nine were graduates
of Princeton, four of Yale, three of
Harvard, two of Columbia, aud one
of Pennsylvania. How did they go
to work ? Madison arranged an out-
line for discussion ; then they stud-
ied the constitutions of the states to
learn the wants of the imperial thir-
teen. Although they sat with closed
doors the following things that were
said there have come down to us :
" Without the confidence of the peo-
ple no government can exist." ' It
is too probable that no plan we pro-
pose will be adopted ; perhaps an-
other dreadful conflict is to be sus-
tained." " The independence of the
executive is the essence of tyranny."
" The event is in the hand of God."
" Let the senate resemble the British
house of Lords." When Wilson pro-
posed that the executive should con-
sist of one person, a deep silence
fell over the whole assembly. The

choosing of the chief executive by
electors was borrowed from the Mary-
land constitution.

I have dared to say this much be-
cause our whole nineteenth century
progress rests squarely on this instru-
ment. Because the republic it cre-
ated was the dream of what was best
in ancient civilization, and stands
to-day among the foremost govern-
ments of the world. By the Eu-
phrates, the Nile, on a Syrian desert,
in the enchanting vales of Greece, on
the templed hills that rise above the
Tiber, a republic was the partially
realized dream that in our constitu-
tion became a reality.

As a progressive agent our canals
have an importance that will be real-
ized when we remember that ninety
per cent, of the taxes of the Empire
state are paid along the course of
the Erie canal. The project of this
canal was very dear to Washington.
It became a fact in 1825, I believe.
It revolutionized central New York,
reared many cities, made its home
the richest state in the Union, and
led a four track railway, the only one
in the world, from Albany to Buffalo.
The Soo canal connecting Lakes Su-
perior and Huron, boasts a greater
tonnage than the Suez. Pittsburg
w r ill soon construct a canal from the
junction of the rivers that form the
Ohio to Lake Erie. When Pittsburg
is also connected with the Chesa-
peake bay by canal Washington's
vision will almost be a realit}-.

The Chicago drainage canal, al-
ready forty miles long, and liable to
dash into St. Louis at any time, is
the greatest ship canal in the world,
being twenty-two feet deep. Chicago
has paid all the expense thus far.
The engineering feat of its construe-

248

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

tion ranks with that of the great darn
across the Nile, and is very interest-
ing to those who understand it.

The Isthmian canal — we may say
the Nicaragua — in its project, its
worry to financiers, its importance,
belongs to the nineteenth century.
We need not surmise what the future
will bring ; how the Atlantic and
Pacific will bid each other good
morning in the midst of the Rock-
ies. Enough has been said to indi-
cate the importance of canals in our
national progress, and to show what
a sweep the enterprise already en-
joys.

The newspaper business can hardly
be overestimated as an agent of pro-
gress. We are so used to newspapers
— they come to our homes in such
profusion, morning and evening — that
we hardly know their worth. Unkind
criticism falls upon them ; they are
too busy to mind it. They tell us
when the trains start for everywhere,
direct us to places where we can buy
furniture or wonderful apparel for
almost nothing ; they offer evidence
as to the merits of grocers ; they kin-
dle the imagination with radiant vis-
ions of millinery ; they show the for-
tunate buyer how his stock goes up,
day by day. They make jokes about
the married man, and the typewriter,
or the way papas behave in the dead
of night, to weak-minded young men,
who still linger. They have a patent
form for the description of social
events in which parlors are located
by a point-of -compass method, and
women move in an atmosphere of
beauty, amid palms and music. They
tell us what the weather will be ; what
the aunt of the last suicide wore when
she met the reporter, where she lived
and what the little boy was playing

with that showed himself over the
banisters. They give pictorial synop-
ses of patent medicine effects. They
answer historical and other questions.
They unroll sermons and lectures ;
scour the world for unusual happen-
ings, and fix our gaze before break-
fast with headlines that would leave
us in a dead faint if we were not so
used to them. Still we like the news-
papers, and are glad to notice their
flight through the century.

From the Boston News- Letter 'to the
Transcript, Herald, or Journal, is a
long and significant progress. From
one of the early weeklies or semi-
weeklies to the great New York and
Chicago dailies of the end of the cen-
tury, points a bright line in our na-
tional growth.

If the Franklin press could look on
and see the great power presses of to-
day give out, folded and ready for
distribution, their 25,000 or more
copies per hour, of I know not how
many pages, the little thing would
seek a hiding place and be no more
seen forever. And this is only one
item of the mechanical work ; the pic-
torial transmission is a late develop-
ment that is equally miraculous.

When we come to the holy of holies
— the editorial sanctum — we meet
such men as William Cullen Bryant,
Murat Halstead, Charles A. Dana,
Horace Greeley, James Gordon Ben-
nett, Whitelaw Reid, and many others
equally notable, disseminating current
history for the multitude, laying open
policies that it would be wise for the
government to follow ; criticising pub-
lic measures, or social tendencies, by
the sure light of example in past
events. Who like an editor knows
the exact relation of a contribution to
the reading public ? For the collec-

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

249

tion of news there is no limit to the
means allowed — money is not an
object.

We all know how sublimely indif-
ferent good correspondents are to en-
vironment ; how they do their narra-
tive in open fields, hy the side of a
boulder, in baggage cars, by moon-
light on the top of freight trains —
anywhere, so they can get ahead of
the other man, and give it to the wires
first.' Evening papers giving the con-
densed news of the day, and selling
for one cent, net their owners, some
of them, Sioo.ooo per year.

Newspapers reflect in a way the
people who read them. They try to
give what the people want. Their
influence increases.

When we turn to literature proper,
our national pride is veiled by rever-
ence and regret — reverence for the
great names that star the century, and
regret for the personalities that are no
more with us. There was not much
in the early century mode of living to
stir the imagination, or foster mental
endeavor. There was a faithfulness
to detail in narration that gives a true
picture of incidents, and a valuable
delineation of character, especially
Indian character. Where a man and
his rifle could never part company we
would not expect literary accomplish-
ment.

Toward the middle of the century
there came an epoch of great literary
activity, and one interesting thing
about it was that the brightest galaxy
of writers was located not far from
the place where the Pilgrims landed.
The period was an uneasy one, pre-
ceding a great outbreak. There was
intense feeling — warm friendships and
bitter hatreds. Sectional feeling found
expression in duelling. If you will

again permit a little digression there
is on record two little— I should say
short — speeches, given in the Senate of
that period, that exactly illustrate the
spirit of which duelling was an ex-
pression. The speakers were Samuel
Smith of Maryland, and Mr. Lloyd of
Massachusetts. Smith was large, tall,
well-built, and aggressive. Lloyd
was small and retiring. Lloyd in an
argument had gotten the advantage
of Smith. Smith with contempt for
his antagonist did not take the trouble
to argue the matter but chose intimi-
dation thus :

"Mr. President: Gentlemen coming from a
section of the country where the doctrine of
personal responsibility is not recognized, ought
to be special^' cautious in the language they
use toward gentlemen in this chamber. If their
own principles or the sentiments of their con-
stituents prevent them from giving satisfaction
for words not properly chosen, they should take
care not to wound the feelings of senators who
were educated in a different school."

Lloyd of Massachusetts replied in-
stantly :

" Mr. President: I am not acquainted with
the sentiments of my state upon what the sena-
tor calls the doctrine of personal responsibility.
I recognize this doctrine to its fullest extent,
and am prepared to be responsible in any way
for every word I utter on this -floor. Further-
more, sir, in order to prevent any misconception
hereafter, I give the senator from Maryland to
know that I shall hold him responsible for every
word he speaks derogatory to my character, or
injurious to my feelings."

Such was the spirit of the times that
fostered duelling and in which our
best writers began their work . Where
but in New England, the home of such
a spirit as I have just emoted, could
Emerson have done the work he did,
and smiled in such saintly benignity ?
All forces took on a shape of beauty
when they approached him. There
was a door in his mind that opened
upon the spiritual world, and he wait-
ed there often. The days were silent,

2 5 o THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

gliding forms. The blue sky was an gone on increasing, as traced in liter-
urn poured full of light ; the air was attire, until the mystic world that finds
a river of thought ; anxiety was an expression in music, is often personi-
unseen rider that clung to men and tied, or, any way, is made to talk,
women wherever they went. He gave The "Little Dead Baby" of Jose-
himself to spiritual forces, loved the phine Dascome hovers about its
law that governed them, and found mother, lamenting, until she gives it
close companionship on his high Par- counsel and bids good-by. The dis-
nassus. So kindly and charitable and embodied soul is given varied experi-
sweet was his nature that even Car- ences. There is a society, I think it
lyle grew tender before it. Nature is international in its scope, for psy-
took him by the hand and let him chological research. I need not fol-
look into her eyes. Love told him low this tendency farther. It will be
secrets. Is it any wonder that all the interesting to watch it as time goes
world listened to him? on. It has often been said within the

Longfellow was a poet. Even Ten- last week that there would be no such
nyson said that. Hawthorne is a mechanical and material progress in
classic. He loved the woods and the twentieth as there has been in the
streams of New England, and its nineteenth century. There is a gen-
characters, subjected to the forming eral belief that a gain will be made on
process of his fancy, will never be for- lines just indicated,
gotten. He did not like to pitch hay, Whittier was a reformer, a devout
or tether cows. Brook farm held him believer, and a poet. He struck a
but a short time. Mrs. Hawthorne chord for liberty, and everybody loved
was an artist and had so many endear- the beautiful kindliness of its tone,
ing qualities that she should always He transfigured our mountains, until,
be remembered by the side of Nathan- through every hill gap, his spirit is
iel Hawthorne. the glory we behold. Lowell was

O. W. Holmes I cannot forbear to strong and sane, a poet, a scholar, and

mention. He did not regard his lit- a statesman. His subconscious mind

erary work very highly, and he felt a would work up a poem, while his

little contempt for anybody that thought was unravelling a diplomatic

praised him extravagantly ; but he thread. He was entirely free from

was O. W. Holmes and what more prejudice. He said his grandchil-

did anybody want? Like Emerson, dren talked through their noses. He

he was attentive to the psychological knew men. He said, "I am convinced

side of existence, and took great joy there is nothing men prize so much as

in the intuition of it that was natural privilege, even if it be the privilege of

to him. Not long before his death, chief mourner at a funeral."
in speaking of his beloved companion, These, with many others, developed

long gone, he said: "I would not a world of ideas — and peopled it —

have her here if I could ; our meeting that followed the course of our natural

together is perfect now, undisturbed history through its time of severest

by any jar of events." I may as well trial.

say here that the recognition and At this moment their lies at anchor,

growth of the inner consciousness has or sails up and down our bays and

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

251

harbors, or moves over the oceans,
something of which we are proud — a
United States Navy. We shall soon
have afloat eighteen battleships, twelve
large cruisers, thirty-two small cruis-
ers, and seven coast defense vessels.
These represent a great deal of me-
chanical invention and national enter-
prise. However, we are only fifth or
sixth on the list of naval powers.
The twentieth century will carry us
nearer the front than we now stand.
England has seventy battleships, and
one hundred and sixty-two cruisers.

Collossal fortunes are certainly a
feature of the time ; whether for good
or evil there is a wide difference of
opinion. Those who haven't them
think they are a menace ; those who
have, think differently. When the} 7
enrich our educational and ohilan-
thropic institutions we think kindly
of them, when they help out a titled
foreigner we smile. Some believe
that inherited wealth may interfere
with organic evolution in its working
out through conditions the survival
of the fittist ; but I never heard of
anybody refusing to inherit a fortune
on that account. I believe the larg-
est personal fortune in the world is
owned in our country.

Educational facilities never before
begun to equal, in any age of the
world, what they are now. Not only
are schools and colleges scattered all
over the land, but methods are un-
dergoing a revolution. To remem-
ber all the capes and bays on the
Atlantic coast, and then on the Pa-
cific coast, and so on around the
gulf, and the Mediterranean, and all
the other coasts, is not permitted
to stupefy thought as it once was.
Memorizing is coming to be disre-
garded in some degree, and an all

around mental development is taking
its place. Scholars think, instead of
simply being alert and receiving im-
pressions. Nobody can help acquir-
ing in this age. Information of every
kind is in the air, and just to breathe
is to imbibe it. We can get it from
a distance by correspondence. Uni-
versity professors extend their wiugs
of learning until no one is too far
away to come under their protection.
They carry all kinds of information
about the country, and give it out in
lectures. Club women are taking it
in with astonishing celerity. They
go to the ends of the earth and bring
it back. Sometimes it wearies them,
but they never pause. The} 7 study
all the sciences, as any programme
will show ; they do the arts ; they
study mummies and catacombs ; they
spread themselves over European art
galleries ; they climb mountains, and
lay bare formations; they converse
in many languages ; they uncover
thrones and examine the contents ;
they tread forgotten dynasties ; they
interpret age old hieroglyphics ; they
are ubiquitous ; they are educated.

The waning of the century has
created a great number of patriotic
organizations, and dotted the land
with monuments reared to the mem-
ory of Revolutionary and other he-
roes. The one that we love best is
the D. A. R. To enumerate the
work it has accomplished would be a
long tale. Its membership is 31,192,
embraced in 516 chapters. In its
ninth congress 191 delegates were
entitled to vote, representing every
state in the Union, with the ter-
ritories of Oklahoma and Arizona.
It sent out 928 nurses to serve in
the war with Spain. Its increase
in one year was 3,759. The in-

252

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

come for the last fiscal year was
$36,727. It has reared a great many
monuments and memorials. It gath-
ers and stores relics and establishes
scholarships for the study of Ameri-
can history. One chapter last year
raised $80,000 and bought with it
an old burial-ground to hold and to
preserve. It will erect a beautiful
memorial hall in Washington, the
fund for which is already $60,698.
Best of all, it aims to conserve the
spirit in which our institutions were
founded.

By the side of organic evolution
and mechanical invention comes the
most revolutionary movement of any
age or time. It is the steady, broad-
based movement of woman toward
industrial and political activities ;
and an early consequence of it is
the fact that earnest, painstaking at-
tention is being directed to domestic
economics; that the dawning intellect
of youth is being ministered to as
never before. Mythology and his-
tory and science are arranged for its
enjoyment. Mothers have intelligent
sympathy to offer in place of pale
inertia. Sentimentalism is out of
fashion. In 1858 there was pub-
lished " An American Speaker" that
contained the following :

" Men are the realities, women
are the poetry of this world.
Give her but air and sky enough and
she will seek no nourishment of the
earth." (The writer evidently was
not a married man who had done
family marketing.) "All that she
needs anywhere is something to grow
to." . . . " Are we to speak ir-
reverently of her, who by the greater
fineness and greater purity of her
corporal texture is made more sensi-
ble to the influences of sky and air

and sea and earth ? As well might
we deride the perfume of the flower,
and the hue of the wild rose, or the
songs of birds, or the flavor of a
peach."

That is not quite what one would
say of Mrs. Potter Palmer, Mrs.
Daniel Manning, or the Countess Ab-
erdeen. It reads like a passage from
the days of chivalry when women
had nothing in the world to do but
lean from tower windows and smile,
while quixotic defenders swept their
plumes and gauntlets and breast-
plates over fields of honor on capari-
soned steeds, and run each other
through with shining lances, in the
interest of the survival of the fittest !

All down the centuries back to
hundreds of years before the birth of
Christ isolated women have per-
formed deeds of valor, or endurance,
or statesmanship, that mark like
beacon lights the whole range of
history. Artemesia was a more skil-
ful warrier than Xerxes. Had he
listened to her counsel his barba-
rians would have suffered less at the
hands of the Greeks. Ancient Egypt
owed much of her high civilization
to the business and agricultural ac-
tivities of its women. Pheretema of
Salamis asked the king for an army
to regain Cyrene. Instead of send-
ing her one he sent her a golden
distaff and spindle, with the wool
ready for spinning, saying these are
the gifts I present to women, not ar-
mies. He regretted his action when
it was too late. The maid of Orleans
had many prototypes. These lights
on the road of history show that
women have alwa)'S come forward in
emergencies.. Whether the end of
the century is an emergency in mor-
als, false ambitions, want of honesty,

A SPRING PROPHET.

253

the blind rush of events, we may not
judge. We are only certain that
never anywhere, at any time in the
history of the world, was there such
a steady, irresistible movement of
woman into the higher activities of
life.

As a matter of observation we may
be assured that women are improving
all along the line. I need not weary
you with statistics, the newspapers
and magazines amply supply anyone
who wants the sure evidence of fig-
ures. In regard to the ballot many

feel as did Gail Hamilton when she
said : " As a woman I would not ask
the ballot, as a man I would not re-
fuse it." With full suffrage in four
states, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah,
and Idaho, with property rights of
married women very well secured,
with constant legislation in their in-
terest, with their counsels respected
and acted upon, we may soon expect
the law makers of the eastern and
northern states to take off their hats
and bow women into halls of legisla-
tion.

A SPRING PROPHET.

By George Bancroft Griffith.

He blows his bugle fine and clear
O'er winter woods for us to hear ;
We know the welcome spring is near.

It is the flicker, bright and shy,
A happy light illumes his eye, —
To clarion call bluejays reply.

In his tall pine tree all alone,
How strong and resonant the tone
Of that sweet bugle bravely blown !

We think of streams a-brawling soon,
Of the great sun so warm at noon,
And gath'ring bird choirs all in tune !

Above the brown earth springing fair,
The mayflower's perfume fills the air;
We dream of joys that all may share.

And so, dear prophet of the Spring,
Your notes of cheer around us fling ;
Of Winter's broken fetters sing !

~j^/m\

CHARLES P. CLARK.

Charles Peter Clark, long one of the most prominent men in the country in
railroad affairs, who died March 21, at Nice, France, was a native of New Hamp-
shire, born in Nashua, August 11, 1836. He was educated at Phillips Andover
academy and Dartmouth college, entering the latter in the class of 1856, but fail-
ing to complete the course on account of ill health. Having taken a sea voyage
for his health after leaving college, he subsequently purchased a vessel and
engaged in the African trade. During the war he served in the LTnited States
navy with great credit, attaining the rank of lieutenant. After the war he was for
several years engaged in the West India trade in Boston.

Tn August, 1870, he formed his first connection with the railroad business,
which was thereafter to be the field of his energies and distinction. He was
thirty-four years old, with a broad experience, forecasting, laborious, alert, and
self-reliant. His beginning was modest enough, that of clerk to the receivers of
the Boston, Hartford & Erie railroad. After a year's service in this station, he
became a trustee of the Berdell mortgage, the other trustees being William T.
Hart of Boston and George Talbot Olyphant of New York. In 1873, the unfortu-
nate Boston, Hartford & Erie railroad was reorganized as the New York & New
England railroad. Mr. Clark was appointed general manager of the reincor-
porated property.

In this opportunity he promptly developed his power of dealing with the pecu-
liar problems of railroad operation. So notable was his management that it at-
tracted the attention of the high officers of more important and prosperous roads,
who gave him assurance that they would be glad to secure his services whenever
he might desire to form another connection.

In February, 1879, ' ie was ir >ade vice-president of the company, retaining,
however, the office of general manager. His connection with the road in these
capacities came to an end in the following December, when he went to Europe for
two years of travel and observation, giving particular attention to European rail-
way systems. In the latter part of the year 188 1 he returned, to become second
vice-president of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad company, with
headquarters in New York city.

In December, 1883, he was recalled to the New York & New England, as
president of the company, which was again in financial difficulties, the upshot of
which was that ten days later he was appointed receiver. In two years he had
its affairs so straightened out that it was permitted to resume business as a solvent

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY. 255

corporation, of which he was again president. He held this place one year, until
the road fell into the hands of others, and retired in December, 1886.

In March, 1887, Mr. Clark became president of the New York, New Haven &
Hartford Railroad company, succeding George H. Watrous of New Haven, who
had voluntarily retired on account of impaired health. Illustrating the progress
made by the corporation during the twelve years of Mr. Clark's management, the
annual reports show that he increased the length of road owned from 141 miles to
448 miles, and leased road from 125 miles to 1,569 miles. Reducing these figures
to miles of single track the increase was from 524 miles to 3,896 miles. Dividends
of $1,550,000 (10 per cent.), in 1887, were swelled to $4,158,688 (8 per cent.)
in 1899.

Subsequently the Old Colony system was acquired by the New York, New
Haven & Hartford, and in 1895 the company purchased a controlling interest in
the stock of the New England Railroad company, the reorganized New York &
New England company, and Mr. Clark became for the third time its president.
This control made an end of all rivalry and antagonism between the two lines and
secured their harmonious operation thenceforth, although a formal lease was not
consummated until July 1, 1898.

This last acquisition substantially completed the great system which exists to-
day, covering all parts of New England south of the line of the Boston & Albany,
and by its rail and water routes controlling nearly all the freight and passenger
traffic that passes between Boston and New York city, and a growing proportion
of all that goes beyond these terminals in either direction.

The magnificent new South Terminal station in Boston is the crowning monu-
ment to Mr. Clark's masterly business ability and sagacity. The plan originated
with him, and was carried out largely through his genius and energy. He
organized the Terminal company, and was chairman of its board of trustees from
the start, and was the moving spirit in the persecution of the work from start to
finish. He resigned from the presidency of the railroad a year or two ago, and
had been seeking rest and health abroad, though retaining a position on the board
of directors.

Mr. Clark married Miss Caroline Tyler of Portland, Me., in 1857. Of their
children six are living, two sons ar d four daughters. Of the sons, the elder,
Charles Peter Clark, is now superintendent of the Eastern Division of the Con-
solidated system ; the other graduated from Yale college in 1898. One of the
daughters is the wife of Professor Hincks of the Andover Theological seminary ;
another married Edward G. Buckland, attorney of the New York, New Haven &
Hartford for the state of Rhode Island; another daughter is Mrs. C. H. Blatch-
ford of Chicago.

COIv. JOSEPH WENTWORTH.

Col. Joseph Wentworth, born in Sandwich, January 30, 1818, died in Concord,
March 1, 1901.

Colonel Wentworth was a son of Paul and Lydia (Cogswell) Wentworth, and a
descendant of Elder William Wentworth. His paternal great grandfather, John
Wentworth, was president of the Revolutionary convention of New Hampshire,

256 NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

and his maternal grandfather, Col. Amos Cogswell, served in the patriot army
throughout the Revolution. He was educated at the New Hampton, Hopkinton,
and South Berwick academies, and engaged in business as a general country mer-
chant in his native town, where he remained until his removal to 'Concord in 1870.

He held the office of town clerk and selectman, and was representative from
Sandwich in the legislatures of 1844 and 1845, and was also a delegate from his
town in the constitutional convention of 1850, and subsequently from his ward in
Concord in the convention of 1876. He held the office of register of deeds for
Carroll county two years, and was sheriff five years. He also served fifteen years
as postmaster of Sandwich. He was also for some time president and principal
stockholder of the Carroll County National bank. His title of colonel came from
service on the staff of Gov. John Page. He was also for some years quartermas-
ter of the famous cavalry troop known as the Governor's Horse Guards.

He was active in public affairs in Concord after his removal to the city in
1870, and held the office of assessor for Ward Six, which he also represented in
the legislature in 1876, as a Republican, with which party he had acted for many
years, but he subsequently allied himself with the Prohibitionists, and was then-
candidate for governor at one time.

Colonel Wentworth first married Sarah Payson Jones of Brookline, Mass., who
died about four years ago. By her he had six children, two sons and four daugh-
ters, all of whom survive. The two sons, Paul and Moses, entered Harvard col-
lege the same day, and graduated in 1868, just one hundred years after the gradu-
ation of their great-grandfather from the same college. Immediately upon gradu-
ation Paul returned to Sandwich, where he now resides, while Moses went to
Chicago to live with his uncle, Hon. John Wentworth, more familiarly known as
" Long John," and is now in business in that city. The daughters are Sarah
C, wife of Col. William F. Thayer of Concord ; Lydia C, wife of Geo. S. Hoyt
of Sandwich; Mrs. Susan J. Woodward of Concord, and Dolly E., wife of Fred
W. Story of Washington, D. C.

Following the death of his first wife, three years ago, Colonel Wentworth was
later united in marriage with Mrs. Clementine Couch, who survives him.

JOSEPH C. A. HILL.

Joseph C. A. Hill, born in Harvard, Mass., January 21, 182 1, died in Con-
cord, March 14, 1901.

Mr. Hill removed to Concord in 1841, entering the employ of Franklin Evans.
Subsequently he became the partner of Mr. Evans, continuing for several years,
but finally went to California, where he remained until 1873, as the representative
of the Abbot-Downing Co., carriage manufacturers. Upon the death of the late
Lewis Downing, whose daughter, Ellen, he had married, he returned to Concord
and took up his residence at the Downing homestead, where he ever after resided.

For more than a quarter of a century Mr. Hill has been closely identified with
all that contributed to the growth and progress of this city. For many years he
was a member of the school board of Union school district, a work in which he
took great interest. For two sessions he represented Ward Six in the legislature.
Soon after the charter was obtained for the New Hampshire Centennial Home for

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY. 257

the Aged he was elected its treasurer, and for twenty-five years he successfully
managed its affairs. All of the collections and disbursements of this institution
passed through his hands, and he had the satisfaction of watching its growth from
its beginning, with $110, to the present plant, which, besides the buildings and
grounds, has an endowment of $97,000.

The Proctor academy at Andover was another institution which owed much to
his interest and zeal. He was president of the board of trustees, and the present
will be the first year since 1884 that the graduating class has not received its
diplomas from his hands. Mr. Hill was a great lover of books and pictures, and
he leaves a well selected library.

HON. DAVID B. VARNEY.

David B. Varney, ex-mayor of Manchester, died at his home in that city March
25, 1901.

Mr. Varney was a native of Tuftonborough, born August 27, 1822. He was
the son of Luther and Lydia (Blake) Varney. When he was four years of age his
parents moved to Dover where David remained until he was sixteen years of age,
helping about the farm and attending the public schools. In 1839 ne wen t to
Portsmouth to learn the trade of a machinist, returning to Dover in 1842. The
following year he went to Manchester, entering the employ of the Amoskeag Manu-
facturing company in 1842, and worked his way upward until, in 1854, he was
made superintendent of the locomotive department, a position he filled until 1857,
when he severed his connection with the Amoskeag corporation and went into
business. His business venture was the opening of a brass foundry and copper
shop on Manchester street, he being associated with H. I. Darling in the firm of
Darling &: Varney. Mr. Darling died in 1868, and since that time Mr. Varney
had conducted the business alone and with much success. He was also for many
years the treasurer of the S. C. Forsaith Machine company and had been a direc-
tor in the Amoskeag National bank since 1874.

Politically Mr. Varney was a Republican, having been a member of that party
since its organization. In 1871— '72 he represented Ward Three in the popular
branch of the state legislature, and in i88i-'82 he was a member of the senate.
In iSSg-^o he was mayor of Manchester, filling the position with honor to him-
self and credit to the city. He was an active Free Mason, and a member of the
Derryfield club.

June 6, 1842, Mr. Varney married Harriet Bean Kimball of Warner, by whom
he had three children. Mrs. Varney survives her husband, as do two daughters,
Mrs. F. W. Batchelder and Miss Emma L. Varney.

ZEPHANIAH BREED.

Zephaniah Breed, son of Micajah and Ruth (Gove) Breed, was born in Henni-
ker on March 10, 18 19, and came to Weare with his parents in 1837. He has
since resided on the farm purchased by his father, and his name has long been a
familiar one in agricultural journals to which he was a frequent contributor. He
was always ready to adopt any improved methods of farm work, and was the in-
ventor of several labor-saving machines, the most prominent of which is the Uni-

xxx— 18

258 NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

versal weeder, now in general use throughout this country and being rapidly
adopted in England and other foreign territories. He is said to have been the
first man in Weare to use the mowing machine, and has always kept abreast of the
times, not only in connection with agricultural pursuits, but with all of the pro-
gressive movements of his clay. He was an ardent anti-slavery man and a zealous
worker in all reforms that tended to the uplifting of the people. It is to his untir-
ing efforts that the town of Weare owes her public library that has now become an
assured success and a valuable acquisition to the place. But it was the temper-
ance movement that took deepest root in his heart, and for that cause he has faith-
fully labored for nearly sixty years. He was one of the original signers of the
Washingtonian pledge in 1842, and has lived up to his principles by precept and
example since that time. His voice and pen were always ready to further the
cause in every way.

The last article he ever wrote for publication was on this theme and addressed
to the Society of Friends, of which he was a lifelong and consistent member.
The article referred to was penned just before his last illness and appeared in the
February number of the American Friend.

In the death of Mr. Breed, which occurred at his home on Monday, March 18,
1 90 1, Weare has lost one of her most faithful and useful citizens, and his influence
will long be felt and recognized in the community.

He is survived by two sons, William O., of Swampscott, Mass., and Charles H.,
of North Weare, and one daughter, Mrs. Charles Bishop, of Lynn, Mass. His
wife, Mary (Thompson) Breed, passed away about seven years ago.

HON. JAMES H. EATON.

Hon. James H. Eaton, born in Candia, February 3, 1833, died in Lawrence,"
Mass., March 21, 1901.

Mr. Eaton was the son of Eben and Sarah (Shirley) Eaton, both parents being
natives of Candia. His early life was spent on a farm, and in dull seasons he
worked in a shoe shop and at a blacksmith's forge. He attended Pembroke acad-
emy for two years and later took a course at the Bridgewater Normal school, from
which he was graduated in 1856. He went to Lawrence and was elected master
of the Oliver grammar school, a position he held for more than nine years. For a
time he read law in the office of the late Nathaniel G. White.

He entered the employ of the Essex Savings bank May 15, 1865, and in Sep-
tember of the following year he was elected treasurer of the bank, which position
he held up to the time of his death. Under his wise guidance the bank grew to
be one of the most solid financial institutions in the state.

Mr. Eaton was a member of the Lawrence common council in 1866 and 1867,
and he served on the board of aldermen in 1869. In the fall of 1897 he was
elected mayor and was reelected the following year.

He was a trustee of the Homeopathic hospital of Boston, trustee of the White
fund, and of the Lawrence public library. He was a director of the Bay State
National bank, and the Winthrop National bank of Boston.

After the failure of the Globe and Prospect Worsted mills he was appointed

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY. 259

one of the trustees in bankruptcy, to the duties of which office he had devoted
much time.

MORGAN J. SHERMAN.

Morgan J. Sherman, one of the best known hotel men in New England, died
at Walpole, March 13, 1901.

He was born in Worthington, Vt., January 27, 1828. He spent his early life
at work in railway construction. During the war he was employed by the United
States government in the purchase and sale of horses, with headquarters at Wash-
ington. In 1865 he became proprietor of the Wentworth House at Walpole, but
soon removed to Keene, where he was landlord of the Cheshire House for twenty-
two years, gaining much popularity with the traveling public. After selling the
Cheshire House he removed to Washington, D. C, and opened the Hotel Regent,
corner of 15th street and Pennsylvania avenue. His health soon giving out, he
returned to Keene, and in November, 1889, removed once more to Walpole. In
1890 he removed to Hartford, Conn., bought the Brower House and carried it on
for eight years, after which he returned to Walpole, which was his home until
his death.

Mr. Sherman married, March 29, 1854, Miss Sarah S. Sandford of Marl-
borough, who survives him. Their children are Lizzie Van Etten, now Mrs.
Brandebury of Washington, D. C, Grace F., of Walpole, George E., proprietor of
the Hotel Dinsmore in Walpole, and Kate S., now Mrs. John F. Jenkins of' Sing
'Sing, N. Y.

COL. EDWARD H. GILMAN.

Col. Edward H. Gilman of Exeter died at his home in that town from paralysis,
March 19, 1901.

Colonel Gilman was the second son of Joseph T. and Mary E. (Gray) Gilman,
born in Exeter, May 13, 1S55. He graduated from the Chandler Scientific
School at Dartmouth college in 1876, after which he spent a year in foreign travel.
From 1S79 to 1882 he was employed at Albany, N. Y., in various capacities in the
offices of the Boston & Albany railroad. He then became a Boston dealer in mill
supplies, and was thus engaged until 1887, having his office on Kilby street. This
occupation brought him into close business relations with the management of the
Sawyer woolen mills at Dover, and led to his engagement as their confidential
agent, a lucrative and responsible post. In 1887 he was made treasurer and
later manager of the Somersworth Machine company at Dover, where he displayed
marked business and executive ability. For some time past he had been treasurer
of the Laconia Car company.

In politics he was an earnest Republican. He was an aide on the staff of his
stepfather, Gov. Charles H. Bell, was a representative in the legislature of 1SS5.
and a member of the state senate two years later. During the administration of
Gov. Charles A. Busiel he served as a member of the executive council. He was
also a delegate in the Republican National convention of 1S88, which nominated
Benjamin Harrison for president.

Colonel Gilman had been an extensive traveler, having, aside from many other

2 6o NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

extensive trips on business and for pleasure, made the journey round the world in
1895 and 1896. He leaves a wife and son.

JOSEPH Q. BRYER.

Joseph Quimby Bryer, born in Sandwich, September 25, 1S16, died at Wil-
mington, Del., February 25, 1901. He was the eldest son of Thomas and Han-
nah (Quimby) Bryer, and his parents were among the original settlers of Sand-
wich. When he was fourteen years of age the family removed to Orono, Me.,
where he remained until twenty, when he went to Havre de Grace, Md., with a
company of others, to work upon the Susquehanna canal. In 1840 he went to
Wilmington, where he ever after resided. He was for some time in the employ of
the Dupont Powder company ; but subsequently became proprietor of an extensive
steam lumber and planing mill and bending establishment, which he operated for
nearly half a century, running during the war on extensive government contracts.
He was an enthusiastic Free Mason, and the oldest member of the order in Dela-
ware at the time of his death. He was a charter member of the first lodge of
American Mechanics in Wilmington, and one of the organizers of the West Pres-
byterian church of that city. He is survived by five children, sixteen grandchil-
dren, and eight great-grandchildren.

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Vol. xxx.

MAY, 1 90 1

No. 5,

THE NASHAWAY WOMAN'S CLUB.
By Katharine M. Thayer.

HE club fever," it lias
been said, " is like the
epizootic which swept
through the country a
few years ago.'' Cer-
tainly, during the last few years,
women's clubs have sprung up with
amazing rapidity throughout the
length and breadth of the land.
They have undertaken various prob-
lems, — of establishing better sanitary
conditions, of promoting educational
interests, the hygiene of home and
schools, and allied subjects, and have
shown that they can work effectively
with other organizations. But it is
to be regretted when a club devotes
itself to so-called practical work ex-
clusively, and when other aims are
crowded out which would be a source
of quickening life and strength for its
members individually.

It is pleasant to compare the work
of the various clubs, their aims, their
methods of procedure, and the differ-
ent plans which they form for the bet-
terment of humanity or for their own
educational improvement. Thus
much good is gained both in the way

of help and of inspiration. The in-
teresting accounts of women's clubs
in the Granite Monthly incline us
to add our mite in the form of a
sketch of the Nashaway Woman's
club of Nashua.

Mrs. E. F. McQuesten.
Founder of the tfashaiuay Woman's <

In May, 1896, Mrs. McQuesten,
wife of Dr. E. F. McQuesten, invited

264

THE NASHAWAY WOMAN'S CLUB.

several ladies of this city to meet at
her residence to form a club for the
sake of mutual improvement. These
ladies organized, a constitution and
by-laws being drawn up and adopted
and officers chosen. According to
the constitution the "object shall be
to promote sociability, mental cul-
ture, and to further the education of
women."

The name given to the club was
the Nashaway Woman's club, Nash-
away being the name of the tribe of
Indians who made the banks of the
Nashua river their favorite headquar-
ters " long ago."

The number of members was at
first limited to fifty, afterward to one
hundred and fifty, then to two hun-
dred, which is the present limit, but
with a waiting list ready to come in
whenever any vacancies occur.

The following officers were elected :
President, Mrs. Nancy W. Moore ;
first vice-president, Mrs. Martha E.

Mrs. O. C. Moore.
First President Nashaway tVoman's Club.

Mrs. George Bowers.
President Nashaway Woman's Club.

Powell ; second vice-president, Mrs.
Anna E- McQuesten; secretary, Mrs.
Eizzie N. Flinn ; treasurer, Miss
Lucy F. Thayer ; directors, Mrs.
Carrie E. B. Stark, Mrs. A. Isabel
Barr, Mrs.' Ellen G. Whithed, Mrs.
Anna M. Spalding, Mrs. K. F. Mc-
Questen, Mrs. M. Etta Knight.

The first five of these officers were
each reelected for three successive
years. One section of the constitu-
tion states that "no person shall
serve more than three consecutive
years in the office to which she may
be elected."

The next year, the fourth, Mrs.
Urania E. Bowers, who had been
prominent as president of various
other societies, was elected presi-
dent ; Mrs. Maria D. Adams, first
vice-president; Miss R. W. Longley,
second vice-president ; Miss Kate M.
Thayer, secretary ; Mrs. Delia H.
Alltou, treasurer.

East April, at the commencement
of the fifth year, Mrs. Urania E.
Bowers, who had so very ably served

THE NASH AWAY WOMAN'S CLUB.

265

the previous year, was reelected
president ; Miss Roxauna \V. Eong-
ley, first vice-president ; Mrs. Susan
F. Wallace, second vice-president ;
Miss Katharine M. Thayer, secre-
tary ; Miss Mabel Chandler, treasur-
er ; directors, Mrs. Eliza D. Rams-
dell, Mrs. Emma E. Parker, Mrs.
M. Carrie Barnard, Mrs. Bertha R.
Heath. Mrs. Ellen M. Hussey, and
Mrs. Mabel Harriman. The direc-

Mrs. J. B. Paiker.
Director.

tors each serve three years. Among
those who have served besides those
mentioned above, are Mrs. Martha
A. Greenleaf, Mrs. Emma W. Gray,
and Mrs. Helen B. Underhill.

In consideration of the valuable
services of Mrs. McOuesteu as found-
er and Mrs. Moore as first president,
they have been elected honorary
officers.

The club joined the State Federa-
tion October 15, 1896. The club
color is scarlet, which is made con-

Mrs. George A. Ramsdell.
Director.

spicuous in the calendar, either in
the lettering or the cover. Our
motto is

" The Kingdom of Thought has no Enclosure."

Mrs. Webster P Hussey
Director.

266

THE NASH AWAY WOMAN'S CLUB.

The meetings are generally held benefit of the whole club. A chair-
on the second and fourth Mondays man is appointed for each department
of each month, at which lectures are and the classes are held in private
usually given. Sometimes we have houses. Last year they became so
had a symposium, consisting of papers interested that nearly every class had

extra meetings, more than printed in
the calendar.

One, the class in practical study,
has two or three gentlemen talk
to the class each afternoon about
"Emergencies in the Household,"
" Home Training," " Business Forms
for Women," " Municipal House-
keeping," etc., after which questions
are asked.

At the other classes no papers gen-
erally are read, but the subjects are
discussed by the members. Thus it
will be seen that

" Knowledge rare we seek — and share."

Mrs. Walter C. Harriman.
Director.

or discussions, ending with a club
tea. Last year we had a Children's
day, when the children of members
were entertained. This year we
have had a new departure, a Teach-
ers' afternoon, with a lecture and a
club tea. The lecture, a fine one,
was given by Mrs. Mary Inez Wood,
one of the talented women of the
clubs in Portsmouth.

In addition to these regular meet-
ings we have six departments of
study, — literature, practical study,
parliamentary law, art and architec-
ture, current events, and music.
Each of these classes have twenty
dollars given to them and they are
expected to furnish one lecture upon
their particular department for the

Mrs. James H. Tolles.
Chairman Class in Music.

Much interest is manifested in
all the departments. The Current
Events class is planning an outing
for summer for which a dainty dish
of the Philippine Islands, brought to

THE NASH AW AY WOMAN'S CLUB.

267

light by their study, has been sug-
gested for their menu.

Once a year a " Gentlemen's Night "
is given, which is really the society
event of the season. This year, as

season a reception has been given by
the board of managers to the mem-
bers in the Boat Club house, which
has been most kindly offered by the
directors of the Boat club. It is situ-
ated on the banks of the Nashua
river. From the piazza a lovely view
of the winding river with the foliage
on the banks and the hill beyond rich
in their autumn coloring, is seen,
making it an ideal place. At this re-
ception the president gives an ad-
dress, and the secretary a summary
of the arrangements made during the
summer by the board of managers for
the various departments and lectures
for the coming season. They

" plan that all be fresh and new,
Important matter 3'et attractive too."

Mrs. B. A. Pease
Chairman Class in Art and Architecture.

usual, it was a success. The hall
was handsomely decorated with lau-
rel, ferns, and bunting. The figures
1900 were upon the wall in white in-
candescents set in a frame of similar
lights. One minute before midnight
the bugle sounded and the lights be-
gan to fade away. In their places
as the clock struck twelve the figures
for the beginning of the twentieth
century, 1901, appeared in red incan-
descents, and all present united in
singing "America." The lecture of
the evening was by Mrs. Jeanuette
Robinson Murphy, whose subject was The result of their work is shown in
"The Survival of African Music in the calendars, which are distributed
America." Dancing followed the lee- at this meeting. The treasurer ren-
ture. ders her account of the finances and

At the commencement of each club the chairman of each department

Mrs George E. Baleom.
Chairman Class in Parliamentary Law.

268

THE NASH AWAY WOMAN'S CLUB.

Miss Charlotte A. Goodale.
Chairman Class in Literature.

gives a synopsis of the work which
she and her assistants have planned
for the winter's study. Songs and
music are furnished by the class in
music. All partake of " the cup which
cheers but not inebriates," and de-
part with the remembrance of an-
other pleasant afternoon stored away
in their memories.

In May the club entertained the
New Hampshire State Federation of
Women's Clubs. The exercises were
held in the Unitarian church and din-
ner was served in the Armory near by,
where was also held a brilliant recep-
tion in the evening. The music at
the federation was given entirely by
members of the club, and many com-
pliments were received upon its ex-
cellence. We have not as many his-
torical places to show to strangers as
were shown in Portsmouth, where the
last annual meeting of the Federation
was held, but one house, called "The
Haunt," owned by Col. W. K. Spald-

ing, is filled entirely, from cellar to
roof, with a rich collection of old-
fashioned furniture. Colonel Spald-
ing kindly extended an invitation to
the delegates and visiting members
to examine it, and many availed
themselves of the opportunity.

We have generally had very fine
lectures. This year we have had
Miss Minnie Eliot Tenney, Miss
Helen A. Whittier, Miss O. M. E.
Rowe, Mrs. Mary Gregory Murray,
Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead, Mrs. Mary
Inez Wood, and have in anticipation
Mrs. Erving Winslow, Mrs. Fannie
C. Hay ward, and Judge Charles R.
Corning. East year we had Mr. F.
Hopkinson Smith and other talented
lecturers.

The class in music, of which there
is superior talent in the club, furnish
several fine musical selections of the
highest order at each afternoon's lec-
ture.

For practical work in the city the

Mis H L Smith.
( hairman < 'lass in Practical Study.

IN OTHER DAYS.

269

club has furnished a room in the hos-
pital and also given a large picture
to the training school.

Thus it will be seen that there has
been enough to keep us busy during
the club season, over forty meetings
in all. A portion of these have been
lectures, but the majority have been
classes for study.

One must study in order to keep in
touch with the current literature and
the current events of the day. The
more one knows, the more they wish
to know. There are but few who
can boast that classes do them no
good. The enthusiasm of the chair-

man kindles a like spirit in class
members. Knowledge and reform
are the watchwords of the present
and the future.

"The intellectual life," as some
one else has said, "is less an ac-
quirement than an attitude of mind,
and one great good of the woman's
club, not always recognized, is that
it has improved the ' attitude of
mind ' for many a woman unaccus-
tomed to the deeper ranges of
thought. It has afforded a needed
impulse toward broader living, a
genuine stimulus to independent
thinking."

IN OTHER DAYS.
By Wilbur D. Spencer.

The fragrance of the faded flower is ever sweeter

Than one fresh blown ;
The sanctity of earthly days is far completer

When they have flown.

The half-forgotten song of yesterday enchants us

More than the new ;
Some face of youth in tender memory still haunts us

And keeps us true.

The lilt of birds in olden times has sounded purer

To childish ears ; .
The voices of the hallowed past are always surer

To start our tears.

The early loves and friendships, won of you, are dearer

Than earthly ties ;
Familiar stars in heaven itself are growing nearer

To dimmer eyes.

And so, the change of time, or even death, can never

Obstruct our ways,
For we shall find once more, and live again forever,

Those other days.

THE WHITTIER PINE.

By Lewis A. Browne.

Note. — This tree, situated on Sunset Hill, Centre Harbor, N. H., is known'as^the " Whittier
Pine," and was the tree the poet had in mind when he wrote the " Wood Giant." Mr. Whittier
passed many of his summers at Centre Harbor, and while there his favorite haunt*was^beneath
this tree. See frontispiece.

It stands alone, this giant pine,
On brow of Sunset Hill ;
Long nourished by a power divine,
Long guarded by His will.

Well should its branches wave on high,
Above all other trees ;
Outlined in green against the sky,
Swayed gently in the breeze.

Well should it be to all endeared,
Who know its history best,
And know the poet, so revered,
Who journeyed there to rest.

For this majestic pine has been,
What privilege to know it,
Companion to that best of men,
The gentle Quaker poet.

While seated 'neath its cooling shade,
Well sheltered from sun's rays,
Who knows the inspirations made
For him those summer days ?

While zephyrs stirred each branch innate
With nothing to impede,
Those murmurings did he translate
And leave for us to read.

When thrilled the song-birds from each limb
With joy none could coerce,
'Twas echoed from the tree to him
Who put it in his verse.

'T was Whittier's favorite spot, this tree,
Deep-rooted in the sod,
Where oft alone he came to be ;
Alone — save with his God.

The Quaker poet has passed away,
Leaving an honored name,
Leaving his songs to live alway,
Leaving his share of fame.

The giant pine on Sunset Hill,
Where oft he used to come,
Is murm'ring in the breezes still,
Murm'ring his requiem.

Rev. Thomas Baldwin, D. D.

EARLY LIFE OF REV. THOMAS BALDWIN, A NEW HAMP-
SHIRE CIRCUIT-RIDER OF 17S3.

By Ernest Albert Barney.

HOMAS BALDWIN,
the only son of Thomas
and Mary Baldwin, was
born in Bozrah, Conn.,
December 23, 1753.
His father was attached to the mili-
tary service, and rose to some dis-
tinction in the Colonial army. He
died when the boy was twelve years
of age. Four years later his mother
married a Mr. Eames, and tbey re-
moved to Canaan.

His mother's family was distin-
guished for talent ; and she herself
not only possessed a vigorous intel-
lect, but was a woman of strong reli-
gious character and great spiritual-
ity. It is to her Thomas owed the
distinguished traits of his character.
From very infancy he was noted for
his unruffled serenity. In his boyish
sports, he was always the enemy of
oppression and a peacemaker among
his playmates ; he was also remark-

able for a taste for reading and de-
voted every leisure moment to the
improvement of his mind.

As a young man he was peculiarly
noted for the sprightliness of his wit.
Though always innocent and unof-
fending, it was frequently pungent
and to the point. One day when he
was assisting some carpenters who
were framing the timbers of a house,
a workman, who was fond of a joke,
pressed young Baldwin to give his
idea of the personality of the devil.
He had an axe in his hand and re-
quested the man to place his foot on
the log and replied, "With cloven
feet you could impersonate his Sa-
tanic majesty to perfection." The
laugh that followed silenced the fun-
loving workman, and convinced him
that the young man was able to take
care of himself.

On September 22, 1775, he was
married to Ruth Huntington of Nor-

REV. THOMAS BALDWIN.

-■ " \ - ••

Church at Canaan Street where Rev. Thomas Baldwin Preached.

wich, Conn., with whom he lived
most happily until her death, Febru-
ary ii, 1812. In April, 1778, a son
was born. The following November
this beloved child, fresh from the
hand of God, was taken away during
the absence of the father. A little
headstone of slate, carved by his own
hand, — obtained from an outcropping
seam near Lebanon — now marks the
last resting-place of his beloved child
in the cemetery near the Congrega-
tional church. Only a part of the
name is legible. The date is Novem-
ber 22, 1778, "in his 7 month. This
fading flower cut down and withered
in an hour." The loss of this child
was to have a lasting influence on his
life. He wrote, "This painful event
was rendered more distressing, both
to me and my dear companion, by
the circumstance of my being absent
at the time. As oppressed with grief

I rode silently homeward, the thought
struck me : ' This is the voice of God
to call me to repentance.' "

During this time Thomas Baldwin
was actively engaged in the service
of the town, and was elected town
clerk for the years i777-'78— '79. Be-
fore he was thirty years of age he
was chosen to represent the town of
Canaan in the state legislature, and,
as he was repeatedly elected to the
office it is presumed that he dis-
charged his duties in a manner to
satisfy his constituents. In 1775 he
determined to devote himself to the
legal profession, and had actually
commenced his studies with reference
to it, but his mind now took a differ-
ent direction and he soon abandoned
the purpose altogether.

The early settlers had little time to
devote to educational work. Schools
were rare and the modes of instruc-

REV. THOMAS BALDWIN.

273

tion palpably defective. Therefore,
on account of his superior education,
Thomas Baldwin was generally se-
lected on the Sabbath to read a sermon
to the people who assembled for pub-
lic worship at Deacon Welche's barn
on South road. He began first to
exhort in public meetings, and in
August, 1782, he became, in the tech-
nical sense, a preacher.

In the spring of 1783 the Baptist
church in Canaan proposed to him to
receive ordination; he consented, but
declined to be installed over that par-
ticular church, though it was under-
stood that he would perform the
duties of a pastor so long as he might
find it convenient to remain with it.
The council convened in Canaan,
June 11, 1783, at which time he was
ordained to the work of an evange-
list. He continued to labor in
Canaan for seven years.

He had no stipulated salary, and
the money that he received did not
average more than forty dollars a
year, as nearly all his salary was
paid in the products of the farm.
The church-members gave of what-
ever they had, — meal, beans, grain,
merchantable pork, apples, and other
products. At this time the annual
"Spinning Bee" was a great social
event for the women of the parish.
On an appointed day they came to
the parson's house, each bearing her
own flax-wheel and flax, and spun
linen thread, which was afterward
woven into linen for the use of the
minister and his family. It was also
a custom at this time for each male
church-member to give to the pastor
annually, on a certain day in the
winter, a load of the best hard wood.
As each parishioner delivered his gift
at the parsonage door he was served

The Original Interior ot the Chjrch.

274

REV. THOMAS BALDWIN.

with ample slices of cake, cheese,
and other refreshments. Stoves were
not in use in the churches and fire-
places would have made little change
in the temperature of those large
church interiors with the two rows of
loosely framed windows that rattled
and shook in windy weather and
poured currents of cold air in upon
the shivering audience. Nobody
thought of staying at home from
church, however, as the weekly life
was so laborious and monotonous
that they welcomed the Sabbath with
its sermon and opportunity of meet-
ing the neighbors and discussing the
affairs of the parish and the nation at
the noon hour.

The following experience is from
" Memoirs of Rev. Thomas Bald-
win," during this early period of his
ministry :

"After sermon one I_ord's day, as was then
customary, a brother present, who was far gone
in consumption, addressed the people in a very
effective exhortation ; after which I was re-
quested to pray. I engaged ; but it is impossi-
ble for me to describe the scene which opened
to my view. Soon after I began to speak, my
soul appeared drawn out in an uncommon de-
gree toward God, and the ecstacy of joy that I
then felt, was absolutely indescribable and full
of glory. I apprehended that I was about to
quit the body. Words flowed as if it were
without effort of thought. My language and
conceptions appeared uncommonly elevated.
When I had closed and opened my eyes, I per-
ceived the assembly almost in tears. One man
cried out in anguish of soul ' I am undone.'
Some others, who had remained in a hardened
stupid state until now, were trembling and
weeping. These impressions with some, I
have reason to hope, terminated in saving con-
version to God. This gracious manifestation
of divine mercy and goodness to me, was ac-
companied with a peculiar peace, and calm-
ness of mind. It was indeed the peace of God
which passeth understanding. It was a season
never to be forgotten while memory holds a
place in my heart. I had never looked forward
to any appointment with such desire as I now-
waited the return of the holy Sabbath, that I
might meet with the children of God, and tell

my fellow sinners the blessedness there is in
believing."

Though he was generally at home
on the Sabbath, he spent a consider-
able part of almost every week in
traveling and preaching in thinly
settled places. When on these mis-
sionary journeys he often carried a
generous supply of apple seeds in his
saddle-bags to plant in favorable
localities near the homes and along
the bridle paths, thus showing his
thoughtfulness for generations as yet
unborn. Sometimes he made jour-
neys of more than one hundred miles,
and that, too, through a wilderness,
and in midwinter, depending almost
entirely on the hospitality of the peo-
ple ; but so great was his zeal to
preach the gospel to the poor that he
accounted no sacrifice great by means
of which he might accomplish his
end. In his autobiography he states
that he never received a contribution
when preaching awaj' from home.
The people were not, however, so
much wanting in kindness, as in the
means of assisting a traveling min-
ister.

In describing one of these mission-
ary journeys he wrote :

" In March, 1790, I was called to a remote
part of New Hampshire, to assist in constitut-
ing a church. The journey was about one
hundred miles. Preached twice on the Sab-
bath at Haverhill, to a large and respectable
audience. From Haverhill to Lancaster our
way was chiefly through a wilderness, with a
few log houses to relieve the solitude of the
gloomy forest. From this place our journey
was up Israel's river, to a place called Dart-
mouth, near the foot of one of the White
Mountains. Here I preached, and baptized
five men. The day was extremely cold ; and
my clothes were frozen almost as soon as I was
out of the water.

" The next day a church was constituted,
composed of baptized believers. The day fol-
lowing, I set out for Landaff in company with
J. C, Esq. The distance was about thirty

REV. THOMAS BALDWIN.

275

miles. It so happened that neither of us had
any money ; we consequently expected to ride
the whole distance without refreshment. But
as we were setting out a gentleman belonging
to the village proposed to bear us company.
After riding a few miles, he observed that it was
time to stop and feed our horses ; but knowing
our pecuniary resources were low, I observed
that it was not necessary. He insisted upon it,
and said, ' My father, sir, taught me, that
whenever I happened to travel in company
with clergymen, never to allow them to pay
anything, and I am resolved that they never
shall. Now, sir, whatever you may need, while
in my company, is entirely at your service.' I
was led to admire the goodness of God, in
sending this kind stranger, who knew nothing
of my situation, to supply my wants when
passing through this dreary wildeJRess.

" At night we were hospitably- entertained
at the house of Mr. C. When we crossed the
river and proceeded up the west side, and
about noon I parted company with J. C, Esq.,
and pursued my journey alone. Toward night
it began to snow, and at dark I passed the last
settlement in Peacham, and entered into a
wilderness, without a single house on the way.
The prospect was dreary and appalling. Being
an entire stranger, the night dark and the road
narrow, and intersected with the limbs of trees,
which obliged me to proceed slowly with my
hand before my face, in order to preserve my
eyes ; imagination suggested the danger of be-
ing arrested by some of those ferocious animals
which were known to infest these forests. But
that God who had preserved my life thus far,
conducted me safely through all these dangers
and brought me to the house of my friends,
who received me with no small kindness."

On September 18, 1790, Rev. Mr.
Baldwin accepted a unanimous call
from the Second Baptist church in
Boston. He proved himself fully
adequate to the important field into
which he was now introduced. In
1 791, seventy were added to the
church. During the year 1799, it
was found necessary to enlarge the
place of worship. In the spring of
1803, another revival of great power
began in the church, which con-
tinued nearly two years and a half,
during which time the number re-
ceived to communion was 212.

As a preacher, Rev. Thomas Bald-

win stood among the most eminent of
his time, and his manner in the pul-
pit was dignified, simple, and unaf-
fected. He rarely wrote his ser-
mons in full. It has been said that
his opportunities for improvement,
either by reading or intellectual asso-
ciation, had been little. He had
read little ; he had seen little ; but
God had given him the ability to
think.

He acquired no small degree of
reputation as a controversial writer
on baptism and communion. His
first work, "Open Communion Ex-
amined," was published in 1789, at
the request of the Woodstock Asso-
ciation, while he lived in Canaan.
Among bis other important works
was " Sermons and Candid Letters,"
a volume of 250 pages, published in
1 8 10. He also published many tracts
and sermons. In 1794 he received
the degree of Master of Arts from
Brown university ; and, in 1S03, that
of D. D., from Union college. From
iSo3-'i7 he was sole editor of the
Massachusetts Baptist Missio?iary
Magazine, and from the latter date
until his death was its senior ed-
itor.

On the 28th of August, 1826, he
left Boston to attend Commencement
at Waterville, Me. On his way he
passed the Sabbath at Hallowell, and
preached twice, apparently under the
full impression that he was just fin-
ishing his earthly labors. On the
next day he proceeded to Waterville,
and spent the afternoon in walking-
over the college grounds, and exam-
ining the condition of the institution.
He retired to rest about nine o'clock,
apparently slept well for about an
hour, then with a deep groan, and in
the twinkling of an eye, he died.

276 THE HERO.

His remains were taken to Boston, " If any feature of his piety was more promi-

, -i • nent than another, it was meek, child-like hu-

and a sermon at his interment was „ , , .. ' _

inanity. He obeyed the commandment, Speak
delivered by the Rev. Daniel Sharp, evil of no man. But it was in the retirement of
from Acts xi, 24: "He was a good domestic life, as the husband, the father, and

the friend, that he clothed himself in the most
enduring attributes. To know him at home

man.

One Of his colleagues wrote : was to venerate and love him.'

THE HERO.

By George Warren Parker.

Not Caesar praised by every age,
Nor Bonaparte of iron nerv$;
Not Socrates, the Grecian sage,
Nor Cato whom no fear could swerve ;
Not Cromwell — England's Ironside,
Nor Washington, first of the free ;
Enroll the great that live and died !
Nor 'mongst these shall the hero be.

Not in the forum, camp, or mart,
But quite withdrawn from scenes of strife,
Unknown to fame, an humble part
He plays in the great drama — Life —
For those at home he toils and strives,
Nor questions aught, nor reasons why
Some plod and suffer all their lives
And ne'er find rest until they die.

With faith in Him who rules above,
With firm resolve and honest mien,
Disdaining hardship, moved by love,
Ennobling work as seldom seen ;
In shop or field, where'er he be,
He lives a sermon every day ;
At work he sings as sings the free
And thus cheers others on their way.

As gloaming deepens into night,

He homeward turns and greets with smiles

His wife and children. How the sight

Of these all toil and care beguiles !

The evening meal ; then those most dear

Climb on his knees, a tale to hear ;

We hail this man with humhle cheer

The hero true, to heaven near.

THE VEGETABLE FOOD OF BIRDS.

By A r ed Dearborn and Clarence M. Weed.

COMPREHENSIVE
survey of the feeding
habits of birds leads to
the conclusion that the
common terms, vegetiv-
orous and insectivorous, have but a
relative significance. They imply
predominence in a given diet rather
than an exclusive restriction to it.
We cannot indicate a single finch,
grouse, or pigeon — the most devoted
of the vegetarians — and say that it
never eats insects, while on the other
hand after being assured that swal-
lows and flycatchers — the most per-
sistent of the insect hunters — some-
times eat berries, we cannot feel justi-
fied in maintaining upon purely nega-
tive evidence that any of the so-called
insectivorous birds never eats vege-
table food.

The vegetation eaten by birds may
conveniently be considered under
three heads, namely : Fruits, foliage,
and roots. Under the first would be
included all seeds and seed- bearing
products of plants ; they may be sub-
divided into seeds and achenes, nuts,
and fleshy fruits. Under the second
head would be included leaves, buds,
and blossoms, while the third would
include roots and root products.

SEEDS.

The largest proportion of the seeds
eaten by birds are produced by herbs,
most of which are useless, while
many of them are noxious weeds.

xsx— 20

The quantity of pestiferous seeds
thus annually destroyed is enormous
and man is deeply indebted to the
birds that destroy them. The great
family of many- flowered plants of the
order Com posit ce supply food for a
multitude of small finches. Early in
the season the downy heads of the
dandelion call sparrows and gold-
finches to lawns and roadsides. A
little later horseweeds and thistles
furnish similar food to the same hun-
gry company. The ragweed which
springs up unbidden everywhere is
perhaps the best bird provider in this
family ; in grain fields, along road-
sides, in worn-out pastures this plant
affords the feathered foragers a feast
unsurpassed either in amount or du-
ration. During the latter part of
their stay the summer sparrows
largely depend upon it, while in the
winter bobwhites, goldfinches, red-
polls, English sparrows, snowflakes,
and horned larks make festival
among its miniature branches. Even
the red- headed and red-bellied wood-
peckers as well as the flicker have
been known to partake of these rag-
weed seeds.

The Buckwheat family — the order
PolygonacecB — also contributes a lib-
eral supply of food to many birds.
The list of birds that devour these
triangular seeds is a large one.
Knot weed, sheep-sorrel, dock, bind-
weed, and many more contribute
each to the birds that frequent its

278

THE VEGETABLE FOOD OF BIRDS.

Red-winged Blackbird — Female.

station. Juncos, chipping sparrows,
and redpolls come to the dooryard
to glean among the knotweed ; cow-
birds, redwings, mourning doves,
bobwhites, and flickers look for the
seeds of dock and bindweed in fields
and meadows ; mallards, teals, and
other river ducks dabble for the seeds
of^water smartweed, and other aquatic
or semi-aquatic varieties, making a
full meal of them whenever they are
able to do so.

The seeds of the pigweeds, hemp,
mullein, and a host of other weeds
belonging to less numerous families
are also freely drawn upon for the
support of bird life.

The wild grasses of the order Gra-
minea: also supply their share.
Among them the pigeon and other
grasses of the genus Setaria are per-
haps the most important in bird
economy, as they invade cultivated
ground everywhere and are fed upon
very generally by the sparrows and
many other birds. In swamps and
along the borders of ponds and
streams, especially in the Southern
and Western states, wild rice grows
abundantly, and during the autum-
nal migration it is often the predomi-
nating element in the diet of such
marsh-loving birds as bobolinks,

blackbirds, rails, and ducks, all of
which become very fat upon it.

Cultivated grains are consumed in
varying quantities by a large number
of birds, though comparatively few
commit appreciable depredations, the
grain eaten being generally gleaned
after harvest. All varieties of small
grain, such as wheat, rye, oats, etc.,
are taken without apparent discrimi-
nation. The birds that habitually
feed upon them are those already
named as patrons of the larger seeds
— crows, jays, blackbirds, pigeons,
prairie chickens, and other members
of the grouse family, sparrows,
meadow larks, horned larks, brown
thrashers, towhees, and others. The
crows, bluejays, blackbirds, and
English sparrows do considerable
harm at times, though it is probable
that the insects destroyed at other
times by all except the English spar-
row go far to compensate the loss.
Pigeons and grouse are not suffi-
ciently abundant to do much damage.
In the West wild ducks and geese
visit the grain fields and sometimes
cause considerable injury by taking
the sprouting seed from the newly
sown fields. During the fall migra-
tion the Southern rice fields attract
many birds. Foremost among these
are the bobolinks, or rice birds as

gjft

s ' I '■ i\ i

ll W&fM

*>" *j

The Crow Blackbird.
(After Beal, U. S. Department of Agriculture.')

THE VEGETABLE EOOD OF BIRDS.

279

they are called in the South, and
blackbirds, both of which are content
to live by rice alone. They assemble
in countless flocks and commit out-
rageous depredations against the rice
planters. The annual damage done
by bobolinks alone has been esti-
mated at $3,000,000. Ducks and
other water birds also resort to the
rice plantations for a share of the
plunder, but what these get is gen-
erally compensated for in the feathers
and flesh that the owners obtain.

Indian corn or maize on account of
its larger kernels is precluded from
the food-list of most of the sparrows,
but otherwise it has the same depre-
dators as the smaller grains. Among
the casual devourers of maize are the
woodpeckers and nuthatches which
seem to prefer it to all other cereals.

Cultivated grass and clover seeds
are frequently taken by sparrows.
Sunflower seeds are sought by the
more arboreal finches, like the pur-
ple finch, goldfinch and the cross
bills. In the garden we find that
lettuce, turnips, and similar seeds are
enjoyed by goldfinches, and that
English sparrows and Baltimore
orioles occasionaly fall into the evil
habit of eating green peas. Except
in rare instances, however, these gar-
den invasions are insignificant.

Among the trees that contribute
seeds to the birds, the different
species of elm deserve notice, the
more especially as their seeds mature
earlier than those of most other
plants. The seeds of the widely dif-
fused white elm ripen in the latitude
of central New England about the
first of June, and at once become a
lure to the arboreal seed-eaters —
crossbills, goldfinches, and purple
finches — which, when the seeds fall,

follow them to join the host of
"ground sparrows" — song, vesper,
chipping, English, and others that
ordinarily live on the seeds of weeds
and do not feel at ease away from the
cover of humble vegetation.

The birches are also important ele-
ments in bird food because their tiny

The Junco.

winged seeds are quite persistent,
many of them clinging to the catkins
throughout the winter. They offer
an unfailing supply so long as they
remain upon the trees, and are liber-
ally patronized by the winter finches
— juncos, tree sparrows, goldfinches,
redpolls, siskins, and crossbills. The
small gray birch is levied upon in
autumn by chipping and field spar-
rows, and in winter it becomes an
especial favorite with juncos, tree
sparrows, and redpolls. Seeds of the
yellow birch are sought by redpolls,
siskins, and crossbills, the last two
more particularly as they prefer the
woods, where this species is usually
found, to more open pastures. The
seeds of the other birches are also
eaten to some extent, but they do not
appear to be held in such high re-
gard by birds as the two kinds that
have been mentioned.

Maple seeds are more or less im-
portant in bird economy according to
circumstances. As a rule the spar-

28o

THE VEGETABLE FOOD OF BIRDS.

rows and finches do not care for them
so much as for smaller seeds that are
more easily handled. The winter
grosbeaks — pine and evening — how-
ever, find them quite to their taste,
and give them almost exclusive at-
tention so long as the supply holds
out. It sometimes happens that a
severe drouth in August dries the
stems of maple seeds before they
have become woody, so that they are
tough enough to withstand the blasts
of autumn, and thus remain upon the
trees indefinitely. Under these con-
ditions the grosbeaks find life easy,
and never quit the neighborhood of
trees thus laden until the last seed is
plucked. If the ground is not cov-
ered with snow they frequently ob-
tain maple seeds after they are fallen.

Among other deciduous trees bear-
ing dry fruits eaten by birds are the
poplar, sycamore, and ash trees.
None of them is in general favor,
however, the larger finches and gros-
beaks being their only patrons.

The cone-bearing trees cater to a
rather select company of birds. This
is particularly true of the white pine,
the winged seeds of which are so
deeply hidden between the leaves of
its great cones that they cannot be
extracted by ordinary bird tools.
There are a few specialists, however,
endowed with an appetite for such
seeds and an adequate apparatus for
obtaining them. These are the cross-
bills whose falcate mandibles are ad-
mirably adapted for grasping the
vane of a pine seed and thus with-
drawing it from its hiding place.
The siskin is another lover of pine
seeds, and it is able to supply its
wants by having a bill, which, for a
finch, is very long and acute. Al-
though most of the white pine seeds

fall in September enough remain in
place to keep the birds supplied until
early winter. Besides these special-
ists, several other birds occasionally
eat pine seeds. Any of the seed-eat-
ers finding them strewn upon the
ground seem ready to accept them,
as are also the woodpeckers and the
brown creeper, when fortune favors
them with stray kernels in famine
time.

Hemlock cones are so much smal-
ler than those of the white pine that
the seeds are more accessible, and
consequently have a somewhat larger
following. The siskin and the cross-
bills are very fond of them, and wher-
ever they find a fruitful growth they
are likely to remain till the store is
spent — usually about midwinter. Af-
ter the snow has come, covering the
weeds, goldfinches also resort to the
hemlocks. Even the chickadees,
nuthatches, and woodpeckers seem
to find it agreeable to sandwich these
seeds in with their fare of frozen in-
sects.

The spruces have larger and more
refractory cones than the hemlock,
and rank about with the white pine
in bird economy. The other conifer-
ous trees are of varying importance
in this connection, but an account of
them would not differ materially from
those already given.

Comparatively few of the vegetiv-
orous birds are capable of devouring
nuts. Crows and bluejays, by hold-
ing them between their toes and their
perch, are able to remove the shells
from any of the thin-shelled nuts
with their strong bills, and during
the mast season feed very largely up-
on them. The wild doves, pigeons,
grouse, turkeys, and many of the
ducks eat them entire, leaving the

THE VEGETABLE FOOD OF BIRDS.

281

task of shelling to their muscular giz-
zards. To all these, nuts are a stand-
ard article of diet. To the nuthatches
and woodpeckers they are among the
contingencies, as a rule, though some
of the Western woodpeckers seem to
depend upon them considerably for
winter food. The smaller nuts, or
nutlets, approaching the borderland
of the seed-like achenes — such as
those of the hornbeams and basswood
—are eaten to some extent by the
grosbeaks and woodpeckers.

There are a number of dry fruits
intermediate between nuts and soft
fruits which are of some consequence
to birds on account of their persistence.
The various sorts of sumach berries
fall in this class. These berries re-
main throughout the winter as they
grew, and during that season of want
add materially to the food supply of
Northern birds. Ruffed grouse,
crows, jays, woodpeckers, nut-
hatches, and chickadees frequently
partake of them when the ground is
covered with snow. Brown thrash-
ers, catbirds, mocking birds, blue-
birds, robins, and even king birds
eat them at times, though probably
never to any considerable extent. It
is interesting to note in passing that
the berries of the poison ivy and poi-
son sumach are eaten as freely as
those of any other species of equal
abundance.

The small, hard berries of the red
cedar and juniper contribute to the
livelihood of practically the same
company. They are especially
sought by cedar-birds and are evi-
dently enjoyed by purple finches,
pine grosbeaks, and myrtle warblers.
The myrtle warbler, however, de-
pends in cold weather more upon
bayberries than anything else. In

fact it got its name from one of the
vernacular names of the shrub that
bears them — wax-myrtle. Bayber-
ries are also eaten by other winter
birds and late migrants much the
same as sumach and cedar berries
are.

These dry fruits must be reckoned
as necessities rather than luxuries in

Cedar Berries.

bird economy ; they are seldom eaten
when more palatable fruit is to be
had.

Pulpy fruits, on the contrary, are
evidently enjoyed by birds, for they
form the main diet of many normally
insectivorous birds just when insects
are most abundant. Of the various
plants, large and small, bearing
pulpy fruits, those of the rose family
(Rosacea) hold first place from our
present point of view. Among the
many kinds of fruit produced by this
family the cherries are most impor-
tant, as they are eaten by all the
birds accustomed to taking fruit of
any sort, and are to be had in 1111-

282

THE VEGETABLE FOOD OF BIRDS.

limited quantity during more than
two months in the year. The wild
red cherry, which is the first to ripen,
is least esteemed, though cedar birds
appear to find it quite satisfactory.
Birds in general, however, eat these
far more sparingly than they do the

Black Cherries.

later varieties. Choke cherries and
black cherries form an appreciable per
cent, of the food of cedar birds,
thrushes, catbirds, thrashers, orioles,
jays, crows, and grouse from the
time the first choke cherries begin to
grow brown in midsummer until the
rains and frosts of autumn have de-
spoiled the black cherry trees of the
last of their shining loads. Grackles,
flycatchers, sparrows, woodpeckers,
and pigeons assist to a limited ex-
tent, but cherry birds and robins are
the most persistent devourers, with
the flicker a close follower. The
large number of cherries consumed,
as well as the variety of birds in-
volved, doubtless depends somewhat
on the fact that cherry trees grow in
all sorts of places. The shy grouse
and the woodland thrushes, catbirds,
and thrashers are able to get plenty

of them without being exposed to the
dangers of open grounds, while the
familiar robin and cedar bird, which
prefer cleared land, find all they want
by roadsides and pasture fences.

Wild strawberries, raspberries, and
blackberries are all dear to the avian
palate. The first are not so largely
eaten as the other two, for the reason
that many birds which undoubtedly
relish them do not like to hunt for
them in the grass. Raspberries and
blackberries are available to a larger
number. Catbirds, brown thrashers,
and sparrows are at home in a brier
patch and enjoy the fruits thereof.
The ruffed grouse makes a regular
practice of living in blackberry
thickets, while the fruit is on the
vines and during that time feeds
upon little else. The running black-
berries or dewberries near the coast
are frequently eaten by the larger
shore birds, such as curlews and
plovers.

The shadbush or service berry,
another member of the rose family,
is of some value to birds, more es-
pecially as its fruits mature early.
It is visited by the same group of
birds as flock to the cherry trees later
in the season, but the quantities taken
are not large. The fact that birds
do not gorge themselves upon these
berries seems not to be through any
fault of the berries, but rather be-
cause they come at a time when a
more concentrated food is needed for
the prosecution of vernal activities.
When the nesting season is over and
the year's labor done, comes the time
for relaxation, moulting, and a gen-
eral rejuvenescence. Then fruit is
in order. Each bird according to its
nature seeks its favorite. Crows and
jays prefer mast and go to the nut

THE VEGETABLE FOOD OE BIRDS.

283

trees. Sparrows loiter among the
weed-thickened stubble. Robins, ce-
dar birds, and a host with similar
tastes, gather at the cherry trees.

But though early fruits are more
or less neglected, late varieties of ever
so mean quality receive better atten-
tion. The berries of the mountain
ash, the last of the wild species of
the rose family to be mentioned here,
are among the latest maturing of the
wild fruits. They are unpalatable to
our taste, but the rear guard of south-
ward bound migrants eat them with
apparent relish. Cedar birds, robins,
and other thrushes are especially fond
of them.

The shrubs belonging to the family
Cap7'ifoliacea; produce a number of
soft fruits that are consumed by
birds. Those of the viburnums —
sheepberry, witherod, cranberry-tree,
etc. — are all patronized by grouse,
woodpeckers, and the thrushes and
their allies, though with by no means
the zest shown for cherries and other
more favored fruits. The elderber-
ries, on the other hand, have a more
pronounced following. The common
elderberry, in particular, attracts
birds in such numbers and variety
that it ranks among the leading fruits
of the woods in this connection. The
red-berried elder is not so highly re-
garded, though it is visited by wood-
peckers and a few other birds.

Among the late maturing berries
are those of the dogwoods, belonging
to the order Cornacecc. There are
several sorts of these which birds
seem to hold in about equal esteem.
They are taken in moderation by
nearly or quite all the birds men-
tioned above as feeding upon fruits
of this nature. The one berry in
this order of which the birds are par-

ticularly fond is the sour gum.
Thrushes, woodpeckers, crows, jays,
and grouse are found assembled for
this and persistently abiding by it
until the supply is gone.

Among the Heaths ( Ericace^) the
most prominent fruits on the avian
bill of fare are the blueberries and
huckleberries. The abundance and
edible qualities of these berries suffice
to account for their large consump-
tion by all the fruit-eaters. Birds find
the seclusion of the bushes not less
agreeable than the good food, just at
a time when both are needed. It is
not strange that so many of them de-
sert orchard and village trees for the
blueberry pastures when the trials of
rearing the young are over.

The black alder of the Holly family
(Ilicinece) is another late maturing
berry eaten by woodpeckers and the
thrushes and their allies. After the
leaves are fallen the bright red color
of these berries renders them very
conspicuous. To us they have an
abominable taste, but evidently the

The Bluebird.
(After AY<f.', U. S. Department of Agriculture.,

birds do not dislike them. In the
wooded swamps, where they grow,
one may often find robins, up to the
verge of winter, long after the}'' have
disappeared from the fields, subsist-
ing almost wholly on these berries.
Other members of the Ilex family,

284

THE VEGETABLE FOOD OF BIRDS.

such as the holly and cassena, are
similarly eaten.

Among the miscellaneous small
fruits eaten by birds must be men-
tioned wild grapes and the berries of

'* .V «

Barberries.

the Virginia creeper, which are taken
by woodpeckers and many other birds.
The mulberry has many devotees,
among them the cuckoos. Poke-
weed, in spite of its poisonous proper-
ties, supplies berries for a multitude
of birds. It is a notable fact that
whenever a woodlot is cleared, poke-
weed, if it grows anywhere in the
neighborhood, is sure to spring up in
abundance from seeds dropped by
birds at their roosts. Partridge
berries, which remain unchanged
through the winter, are relished by
grouse and pigeons in both spring
and fall. The persistent fruit of the
common barberry, which along the
New England coast is thoroughly
established, ministers largely to the
support of the robins, flickers, bob-
whites, and ruffed grouse that winter
there. Persimmons, hackberries,
spice berries, cranberries, crowber-
ries, sarsaparilla, greenbrier, Indian
turnip, and many other wild fruits
are eaten by birds to a greater or less
extent, but none of them compares in
importance with those that have been
mentioned.

THE CULTIVATED FRUITS.

Of the cultivated fruits, cherries
are subject to pilferings by cedar
birds and robins to an irritating
extent. Catbirds and woodland
thrushes are less troublesome, on
account of their retiring habits.
Strawberries, raspberries, and black-
berries are similarly affected. Cur-
rants and gooseberries are on the
food list of the robin and the English
sparrow at least. Apples are tasted
by pine and evening grosbeaks,
wookpeckers, bluejays, English spar-
rows, and ruffed grouse, but the fruit
thus molested is usually of poor qual-
ity, growing in out-of-the-way places.
The grosbeaks eat both seeds and
pulp of apples during their winter
peregrinations. In autumn the ruf-
fed grouse frequents the neighbor-
hood of scrub apple trees in the alder
runs as well as in neglected fields,
and for a month or so subsists largely
upon apple pulp.

Pears, plums, peaches, and oranges
are occasionally tapped by English
sparrows and woodpeckers, but
neither species has yet acquired the

Ruffed Grouse.

habit of thus molesting such fruits.
On the whole the harm done by
birds to cultivated fruits is of com-
paratively little consequence, except
in some of the special fruit-growing

THE VEGETABLE EOOD OE BIRDS.

285

regions. Probably it rarely begins
to offset the good done by them
through the destruction of insects.

BUDS AND BLOSSOMS.

A few birds make a practice of eat-
ing the buds of trees and .shrubs.
These are mostly winter birds which
otherwise could scarcely find subsis-
tence in the north after snowfall.

v B '

Tne Rose-breasted Grosbeak.
(After Beat, U. S. Department of Agricultn •

While snow lasts the ruffed grouse
lives almost wholly upon buds, pre-
ferring those of poplar, apple, and
maple trees, but occasionally sampling
the tips of birch, hazel, and other
twigs. Pine and evening grosbeaks
are also fond of buds, apparently with-
out much regard as to kind, for they
eat the buds of a large number of trees
both evergreen and deciduous. In
early spring the swelling buds of oaks,
maples, and elms are relished by the
rose-breasted grosbeak, purple finch,
English sparrow, and the crossbills.

In the garden and orchard the buds
of grape vines, currant bushes, peach,
plum, cherry, apple, and pear trees
are sometimes eaten by English spar-
rows, purple finches, and pine gros-
beaks, but it is rare that any injury
from this cause is noticed. The ruf-
fed grouse, however, is capable of in-
flicting real damage by a too- close
pruning of buds, and cases are known

where apple orchards, located near
woods, have been rendered useless
by them.

The blossoms of trees are of con-
siderable indirect interest to many
birds because they attract so many
insects. Orioles and warblers are
always associated with apple blos-
soms in the mind of the natural-
ist because he invariably finds them

--—-

The Robin.
(After Beat, I'. S. Department oj Agriculture.)

associated in nature. They may
sometimes eat a petal or a few sta-
mens ; they certainly destroy a mul-
titude of insects. The cherry bird,
however, has a liking for petals and
devours them greedily, and so does
the purple finch. Probably other
birds will be found to take parts of
flowers when more careful observa-
tions upon the ways of birds have
been made. But the eating of petals
and stamens can scarcely be deemed
injurious, at least, until it becomes
much more serious than at present.

The only native birds that are
given to eating leaves are the few
wild species that are most nearly re-
lated to our domestic fowls. The wild
turkey, all of the grouse, the geese,
and many of the ducks feed freely
upon them. None of them seems to
have much preference but takes such
leaves as are found convenient. The
ducks, for instance, are usually lim-

286

THE VEGETABLE FOOD OF BIRDS.

ited to aquatic plants. Eel-grass is
eaten by many of them, notably the
scaups, the red-head and the canvass-
back. Geese are more terrestrial,
and consequently they enjoy a more
extensive bill of fare. The more
strictly vegetivorous grouse plucks
right and left, as may be inferred
from the following list of leaves
taken by the writer from the crops of
ruffed grouse : crowfoot, chickweed,
clover — both white and red — straw-
berry, barren strawberry, everlasting,
dandelion, goldenrod, sheep-laurel,
sheep-sorrel, apple, and willow.
Sheep-laurel, so poisonous to young
lambs, is eaten with impunity.

ROOTS.

Roots are mostly exempt from con-
sumption by birds. The crow occa-
sionally uncovers newly planted po-
tatoes and feeds on them. Both
Irish and sweet potatoes are relished
by cranes, which are also said to de-

vour the roots of pond lilies. The
roots and bulbs of aquatic plants are
greedily taken by geese and vege-
tivorous ducks whenever they are to
be had. Only the larger birds are
powerful enough to get at roots or
to eat them after they are exposed.
The great majority are content to let
them fulfil their mission, and await
results above ground.

The sap of maples, birches, moun-
tain ash, and a few other trees is en-
joyed by several of the wood-pecking
birds. Chickadees may be seen, at
the right seasons, tapping the smooth
twigs of maple trees and attentively
sipping the forthcoming drops. Some
of the woodpeckers have the same
habit. The most notorious among
them are the yellow-bellied wood-
peckers or sapsuckers, which are in-
veterate tipplers of the sap of black
and canoe birches and mountain ash.
They also eat the tender, inner bark
of these and other trees.

The Wood Duck.

THAT LAST NIGHT OF ALL.
By Laura Garland Carr.

In that last night of all how will it be ?

Shall I be mindful of the transit strange —
Be gazing in death's face at shortest range

With all my faculties alert to see ?

Or shall I go out as I came— thought free-
Unconscious of the life for death exchange,
The darksome plunge, the dreaded, final change,

Unconscious that I 've reached death's mystery?

I 'm glad I do not know. I wonder why

Such thoughts as these will rankle in the mind !

Death — like our birth— in nature's plan comes by.
Should not her motherhood work good and kind ?

'Tis often harder, far, to live than die —

And at the grave earth's ills are left behind.

THE CHURCH FOR ME.

By Hervey Lucius Woodward.

In no temple of man's building
Let my church be situate,

Though the walls have gorgeous gilding-
Busts of saints inanirnate ;

Though the aisles resound with pealing
Of the organ's soothing strain,

There I find no grace in kneeling —
There to worship I refrain.

No spire, how tall ; no fretted wall,
Contains the church for me.

Our Father's Son hath built a church —

A church not made with hands ;
'Tis His I would that you should search

In this and other lands ;
The flow'rs of earth, which God gave birth,

By every land and sea,
Now these are they that preach and say,

" Thy Father loveth thee."

No spire, how tall ; no fretted wall,
Contains the church for me.

Home School, Washington, Georgia.

THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE HOME SCHOOL.
By Luht Armstrong, C. S.

HE home school for the
children of Christian
Scientists is yet in its
infancy, but in present-
ing a sketch of this
school I will show the readers of the
Granite Monthly the peculiar
circumstances surrounding its con-
ception, its birth, and its present en-
couraging conditions. In the first
place I will say that from my early
recollection there was in my thought
and experience a trinity of ideas so
blended as to be virtually " three in
one." These were the church, the

school, and the home. They were
never apart, but always one in my
mind. I can remember how I used
to think that churches should be al-
ways open and warm and attractive,
so that religion would seem an every-
day thing. I can also remember
how often I have declared the school-
room to be the most effectual pulpit
on earth, and at the same time I
have urged upon mothers the grand-
eur and glory of their position as
workers for God. All these things
came into my experience before I
was out of my teens, and you will

THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE HOME SCHOOE.

289

see that this divine conception
brought forth what is now the home
school, where we are making reli-
gion an everyday thing, and proving
God to be everpresent.

Christian Science came to me
when I was still holding this triune
thought ; a simple country home, a
dear little school-room, where I
taught my own and the neighboring
children, and a love- thought so deep
and strong that the children heard
more of truth often than they did
from the pulpit. Christian Science
supplied all that was needed to make
practical this triune thought, and
now many are rejoicing in this beau-
tiful school.

We are on a large plantation, where
it seems nothing is missing which
pleases children. The brooks, the
hills, the sunny fields, the fruits and
flowers — all are here, and the home
thought is so strong that the dear
boys and girls speak of everything in

the possessive case. I am often
amused at the way in which some
pretty city child throws that posses-
sive case around the mules, the cows,
and the wagons, and it would sur-
prise one to see how quickly they
learn to distinguish our wagons and
mules from those of our neighbors.

While I am writing, and it is near
midnight, two wagons filled with
merry boys and girls are out some-
where in the moonlight, where these
dear children are watching the old
year die. The very small children
did not go, and right here I will
show you the faces of those left at
home, and you will see why the
teacher who had the wagons in
charge left them, and why I felt bet-
ter to tuck them in their snug little
beds.

You will see that w T e have very
young children in the home school.
Our baby, Minnie, is but four and a
half years old, and has a very lovely

Frank Armstrong.

Minnie Patton.

290

THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE HOME SCHOOL.

and cultured mama in Atlanta. She
is a very charming child, and we are
all fond of her, but we never allow a
child here to be spoiled, and this may
in a measure show why we have
such happy children.

Our twins are boys of seven, who
are from Elgin, 111., and have been
with us now for two years. Christian
Science has done much for these boys
in giving them health. Frank is my
own baby, but you would not know
it were you to visit the home school,
for he has taken to calling me
" Mama L,ulu " just as the others do,
and I doubt if he knows that I am
any more his mama than I am Har-
ry's and Freddy's. The other day
he came in from his play with the
twins, and, sitting close beside me,
said, " Mama L,ulu, are n't you Harry's
and Freddy's mama too?"

I said, " Why, yes, who ever thought
I wasn't?"

The motherhood of ever-present
good is strongly felt here, and for
this reason there is little or no home
sickness. I love to think of the
home school as it truly is — a demon-
stration of love to me as an individual
and to all those who are being bene-
fited thereby. L,ove seems ever
ready to bless and bestow upon us
what we need.

The dear little teacher who came
to me through demonstration, and
has devoted her splendid energy to
this school, and, by her beautiful
consecration to Christian Science,
has proven her strength to be above
the narrow limits of the human, in
managing so wisely the children of
this school, is developing a school
system which must attract the atten-
tion of many. She is gradually re-
moving the barriers which lie in the

pathway of children generally, but
which are placed there by inherited
family claims of limit, and can only
be removed by a scientific under-
standing of powers divinely bestowed
on all of God's children.

We believe, as Christian Scientists,
that the home school should send out
the finest men and women in all
branches of education, and, therefore,
have as teachers those who are capa-
ble of imparting this education.

In developing the school thought
in my trinity of ideas we have called
Wellesley's culture to work with us,
for our standard is high and we must
have the best. In the development
of the home thought in my trinity,
your readers could not ask for a
higher sense of home than is seen
and felt here always. A sight of our
fireside groups amusing themselves
these long winter evenings, suggests
contentment, at least. Our Friday
evening dances afford a most beauti-
ful picture of the social side of our
home life.

Our little girls at work in the din-
ing-room present a most pleasing
picture of this domestic side, and
likewise the boys at their work out-
side in the yard or garden. We
have grown in three years from six
pupils to thirty-one, and these now
represent ten states.

In giving you a little view of the
educational, the social, and the do-
mestic sides of our work, I have not
impressed you with the vastness of it,
for only visitors who come and see
for themselves can know what it is.
The spiritual part is an inspiration,
giving power and might in every de-
partment, and enabling both teachers
and pupils to work successfully.

We use " Science and Health," by

LOVE'S EARTH. 291

Rev. Mary Baker Eddy, as a daily I often see the youngest children

study in our school-room. We find prove the power of truth more readily

its rules practical and demonstratable than I do. God as ever present

by any one who applies them aright, good, healing, and saving His chil-

and that neither age nor education dren, is the light of the home school,

has anything to do with the right ap- and many shall come into it.
plication of Christian Science rules. Washington, Ga., Jan. 3, 1901.

BUD, LEAF, AND BLOOM.
By C. C. Lord.

O lustrous time ! O life in light

Triumphant ! Now no shades of gloom

Pervade the hours, the bliss of sight
Intent on bud, and leaf, and bloom.

O world, exult ! O spring, the praise
Of brightness ! Winter's dark and doom

Evade this excellence of days,

The pride of bud, and leaf, and bloom.

O thou, sweet soul of beauty, blest
Of worth that lasts beyond the tomb,

Invade this heart and prove its rest,

With endless bud, and leaf, and bloom !

LOVE'S EARTH.
By Alice P. Sargent.

I do not ask that I may share

Alone thy joy, — full rather would I

Suffer with thee : and to know

When night comes, where thou art

And do for thee a thousand little things

To make you happier, and life more sweet.

Then come what will beside, I do not care !

For when thy love, a mantle, covers me

Naught, naught can harm me of this old earth's woe

For I am dwelling in an earth apart.

The only light — the sunlight in your face —

The only music — that within my heart —

A place where Joy is king, and Grief takes wings,

Where sin is not, and years leave not a trace.

THE BAPTIST CHURCH IN HOPKINTON.

By Howard M. Cook.

10R 132 years after the
initial settlement of the
province of New Hamp-
shire there was no Bap-
tist church to be found
within its borders. In the early years
of our provincial history it would seem
that in the minds of those who first set
foot upon our shores the religious ele-
ment did not greatly manifest itself.
Other considerations seemed upper-
most in their thoughts. The settle-
ments made in 1623 at Dover and
Strawberry Bank were chiefly for the
purposes of fishing, and it is said
that when a traveling preacher went
amongst the people not long after-
wards and told them that they ought
to be religious, for that was the main
end of their coming thither, they re-
plied, "Sir, you are mistaken; you
think that you are speaking to the
people of Massachusetts Bay. Our
main end is to catch fish." And
when, in later years, the settlements
gradually extended into the interior,
and those who had battled with the
manifold dangers of the wilderness
seemed to be akin in spirit and pur-
pose with their brethren in the colo-
nies of Plymouth and Massachusetts
Bay, then for years the " Standing
Order," as it was termed, held al-
most undisputed sway. This, as I
understand it, was a practical illus-
tration of the union of church and
state, patterned somewhat after the
order of things in England and on
the continent. The town, in con-
nection with the church, called and
settled the minister, paid his salary
in money, or in such things as he
needed, built the meeting-house and

XXX— 21

parsonage, and levied the taxes on
the inhabitants, very much as those
for the support of the common schools
are raised at the present day.

The Puritan form of religious ser-
vice was the principal one in vogue,
and the tithing man and constable
were monarchs of all the}' surveyed.
The three hours' continuous service
in the village meeting-house must be
attended by all the people, and those
who were unnecessarily absent were
punished by a fine. All this was in
strict accordance with the prevaiHng
sentiment of that time, and well ex-
pressed in the teaching of a Puritan
divine, who said, " Eet it never be
forgotten that our New England was
originally a plantation of religion and
not of trade. And if there be a man
among you who counts religion as
twelve and the world as thirteen, let
such an one remember that he hath
not the spirit of a true New England
man, nor yet of a sincere Christian."
It is apparent, therefore, that so long
as the inhabitants of any given com-
munity were of one mind in religious
matters, this order of things answered
very well. But when men of other
beliefs came into the colon)' and de-
sired to worship God in other ways
or to establish churches of their own
faith, this method of forcing people
to sustain the regular church by their
tithes and their attendance came into
conflict with the better principle of
free toleration. Here in the province
of New Hampshire persecution for
opinion's sake was frequently ex-
perienced, and the laws for the sup-
port of the dominant church and min-
istry were enforced with due severity.

294

THE BAPTIST CHURCH IN HOPKINTON.

In 1755, the year that witnessed the
beginning of the French and Indian
War, a blow was struck for religious
toleration in the formation of the first
Baptist church in the town of Newton,
and the county of Rockingham. This
was 116 years after the organization
of the first Baptist church in Amer-
ica at Providence, R. I., in 1739.
Previous to this time the progress of
the denomination in our country had
been very slow. Opposition and even
persecution, fierce and determined,
and all the more to be dreaded be-
cause of the sincerity of their perse-
cutors, raged against those who op-
posed the assumptions of the stand-
ing order. Such, it is said, was the
severity of the Colonial laws relating
to religious matters, especially in
Massachusetts, that Baptists in the
mother country were deterred from
coming over to America, so that very
few accessions were received from
England, and of those who came over
some returned.

Near the middle of the eighteenth
century a remarkable man came from
England to this country and exerted
a marked influence in the religious
world. It was George Whitefield, the
friend and contemporary of John Wes-
le}*. His biographers tell us that
though not a learned man, he pos-
sessed an unusual share of good
sense, general information, and an
acquaintance with human nature.
These qualities, allied to an impas-
sioned manner in discourse, made
'him an instrument for the accom-
plishment of great good. One of the
results that followed his labors was
the breaking down, in a degree, of
the power of the standing order,
while it contributed indirectly to the
spread of Baptist sentiments and the

increase of Baptist churches. So
that, while in 1739, 100 years from
the organization of the Providence
church, there were but 38 churches of
our faith in the land, in 1783, or in
less than half a century, there were

309-

Scattered over the state, in the
period of which we speak, were
many who were longing for the time
when they should be permitted to
worship God and observe His ordi-
nances unhampered by the rules and
regulations of the standing order.
In the year 1770, the dawning of a
brighter day appeared in the colonies.
The example and great success of
Whitefield had taught the utility of
the itinerant system of preaching.
In our own state, several Baptist
ministers at nearly the same time en-
tered its borders at different ^points
and commenced their labors. Among
the more prominent and successful of
these was Rev. Hezekiah Smith, pas-
tor of the church in Haverhill, Mass.
He made missionary tours in various
directions, accompanied by some of
the members of his church. In 1771
various towns in Rockingham county
were visited by him, the more im-
portant of which were Nottingham,
Brentwood, and Stratham. Thirty-
eight persons were baptised at that
time, among them Rev. Eliphalet
Smith, a Congregational divine, who
was afterwards pastor of the Baptist
church in Deerfield. Another of
these converts was Dr. Samuel Shep-
ard, a physician of Stratham, and
who became the pastor of the church
in Brentwood. The early history of
this Brentwood church is a remark-
able one, without a parallel in the
state and perhaps so in the country.
At one time it had branch churches in

THE BAPTIST CHURCH IN HOPKINTON.

295

about a dozen different towns, — one
of these as far north as the town of
Meredith, and nearly a thousand
names were included in its member-
ship. In the course of his journey-
ings Mr. Smith visited the towns of
Concord and Hopkinton. And the
origin of this Hopkinton church, as
well as that of the Concord church in
later years, can be directly traced to
the words of truth that he here then
proclaimed.

This church, as first organized, was
a branch of the one in Haverhill, and
as such was organized July 20, 1769.
The following is a copy of the first
church record :

"Juh- 20, 1769. We a branch of the Baptist
church in Haverhill, concluded from this day
to keep a record of the names of all who are or
shall be baptized in these parts, who join with
us, and also the particular transactions of us as
a branch of the Haverhill church : Benjamin
Rogers, Samuel Brackenbury, John Blaisdell,
John Jewett, Mar}' Emerson, Anna Bracken-
bury, Abagail Rogers and Susannah Blaisdell.

"July 21, 1769. Then were added the follow-
ing persons named : James Buswell, Moses
Jewett, James Jewett, Ruth Stanley and Hannah
Jewett.

" Oct. 29, 1769. Then were added the follow-
ing persons named : Zebulon Adams, Mary
Dow, and Mehitable Jewett.

"July 25, 1770. Then was added Joseph Jef-
ferson.

" May S, 1771. We are baptized into a church.
Then we whose names are assigned to the cove-
nant, having obtained a dismission from the
Baptist church in Haverhill, of which we were
members, did solemnly engage to walk togeth-
er in a distinct Baptist church in this place ; ac-
cordingly we are constituted a regular church,
with the approbation of the church from which
we were dismissed ; and also Thomas Rowell,
John Currier and Mary Rogers were constituted
with us. We the subscribers assisted in consti-
tuting the Baptist church in Hopkinton, as a
committee from the Baptist church in Haver-
hill, as witness our hands : Hezekiah Smith,
Ebenezer Colby."

From this record, we find that the
constituent members of this church
numbered twenty. By this course of

procedure we also find that this
church became the second oldest
Baptist church in New Hampshire,
the Newton church, as I have stated,
having been formed sixteen years
previous to this time, or in the year
1755. For a number of years the
church had no settled pastor and the
preaching and pastoral work was
mostly performed by the deacons,
with the occasional labors of Elders
John Peck, Job Seamans, Samuel
Shepard, and Thomas Paul. About
this time the first meeting-house was
erected. The walls were enclosed in
1775, but it was not completed till
about twenty years later. As this
was during "the time that tried
men's souls," when the colonies w r ere
seeking their independence, perhaps
the unsettled state of the country was
the main reason for this delay. It
was situated, as I understand, near
the " three corners," on the old Hen-
niker road, at the foot of Putney's
hill. This meeting-house was like
all country churches of that period
in its appearance and architecture.
When you had seen one, you had
seen them all. The style was essen-
tially Puritan, and would hardly com-
pare in form and design with our
modern church structures. They
were largely the expression of that
stern sentiment which discarded all
mere show and adornment as unwor-
thy of the sacred place. The present
church edifice was erected in the
year 1832. All the reference that I
find in the records of the church of
this event is this :

"Aug. 28, 1832. Voted that the new meeting-
house which is now in process of building for
the use of the Baptist church and society in
this town, be dedicated to the service of God
• on the 19th of Oct. next."

296

THE BAPTIST CHURCH IN HOPKINTON.

The pastors of the church have
been as follows : Elisha Andrews,
i795-'98; Abner Jones, i8i5-'2i ;
Michael Carlton, i822-'32 ; Andrew
T. Foss, i833-'37; Lucius B. Cole,

Rev. Samuel Cook.

i837-'39; Samuel Cook, i839-'45 ;
King S. Hall; i846-'5i ; Samuel J.
Carr, i852-'56; Jonathan E. Brown,
i857-'62 ; Christy W. Burnham,
i863-'7i ; Abraham Snyder, 1873-
'74; William S. Tucker, i875-'79;
Willard E. Waterbury, i884-'87 ;
Herbert E. Thayer, i887-'92 ; James
W. Tingley, i893-'95 ; Elisha San-
derson, i895-'99; James W. Tingley,
1899. It' will be seen from this list
that there have been 16 different pas-
tors during the 130 years of its his-
tory.

The deacons of the church have
been as follows : John Currier, Ben-
jamin B. Darling, Jonathan Fowler,
Philip Brown, Richard F. Morgan,
Isaac Smith, Joel Chandler, Josiah
S. Knowlton, Joseph Tewksbury,

John Currier, Jr., Theodore E. Balch,
Thomas J. Weeks, Henry A. Fletch-
er, Samuel S. Page, George M. Barn-
ard, Oliver G. Wiggin, John F. Jones,
and Caleb Page.

The clerks of the church have been
as follows : John Currier, Benjamin
B. Darling, Stephen Darling, Ed-
mund Currier, John Currier, Jr.,
John F. Currier, Henry H. Straw,
and Nelson Kimball.

In reference to the sixth pastorate
of this church, — and the only one of
which the writer had any personal
knowledge, — I find the following
statement in the historical discourse
given at the centennial celebration of
the church in 1871, by Rev. C. W.
Burnham, the pastor at that time,
and which includes all that really
needs to be said about it : " The reli-
gious interest in the church culmin-
ated during the labors of Rev. Samuel
Cook. His pastorate commenced
when the attention of all men was
turned to Bible doctrines, and the
solemn things of an approaching judg-
ment. His preaching was greatly
blessed, and 115 were added to the
church as the fruit of his labors, and
very few adults attended church who
did not profess conversion."

*j£. J£. Jfc ■iir -It

TV" TV" "TV TV" TV"

Perhaps I have taken up more time
than I ought in the reading of this
historical sketch, but I would like to
present some thoughts and facts of a
general character that seem pertinent
to the occasion, and may be of inter-
est to those who are of a younger

generation.

This is a Baptist church and has
been such for 130 years. It is the
second oldest church of this denomi-
nation in the state, and has an hon-
orable record. When the name Bap-

THE BAPTIST CHURCH IN HOPKINTON.

297

tist is used it is usually, and perhaps
it is naturally, thought that it repre-
sents the leading idea upon which
the denomination was founded, — the
ordinance of baptism. But although
that word denotes one idea, yet, in
the olden time, there was another
and a far greater one, and it is bound
up in two words, — soul liberty.

I think it is well sometimes to turn
from the duties that press upon us in
this busy age and from the privileges
that are so common that we know
how to appreciate them and to
thoughtfully inquire, What influ-
ences for good were set in motion, and
what effect have the trials and sacri-
fices of our fathers had upon the in-
stitutions under which we live ? On
each recurring Sabbath we are per-
mitted to go to the house of prayer
and to worship God according to the
dictates of our reason. When the
first Baptist church in New Hamp-
shire was formed this was a privi-
lege not included in the laws and
customs of those times. A desirable
change, all will affirm ; whence has
it come ? Who and what were the
men and the measures that gradually
brought it about ?

What an interesting period in the
life of an individual, is that in which
new and important truth comes in
and takes possession of the mind,
driving out old ideas that had there
found a lodgment. Sacred and pro-
fane history is not wanting in such
instances. Paul's purpose of mind
ere he reached the end of his famous
Damuscus journey was completely
changed for the better. Peter, from
his vision on the housetop at Joppa,
became dispossessed of his Jewish
notions and possessed of the great
truth of the equality of the race, in

that ' ' God was no respecter of per-
sons." And upon the mind of Mar-
tin Luther the truth flashed as he
ascended upon his knees Pilate's
staircase in the Roman capital, that

Rev. James W. Tingley.

justification before his Maker was
not by works of the law, but by faith
in Christ.

And to every reader of New Eng-
land history it plainly appears that
the cause of civil and religious lib-
erty, the world over, owes a debt of
gratitude to Roger Williams, the
founder of the colony of Rhode Is-
land, the organizer of the first Bap
tist church in America, and the firm
champion and exponent of soul lib-
erty, or, as it is expressed in other
words, that "the civil magistrate
should restrain crime, but never con-
trol opinion ; should punish guilt,
but never violate the freedom of the
soul." It is a matter of history that
the Protestant leaders in the time of
the Reformation did not perceive the

298

THE BAPTIST CHURCH IN HOPKINTON.

evil of an alliance between church
and state. They rejected many of
the errors of Romanism but retained
this that gave them power over the
nations. For themselves they claimed

Deacon John Currier.

the right of private judgment, but
were ready as soon as they obtained
the power to deny it to those, who,
like themselves, had suffered for con-
science's sake.

In our own country, under Puritan
rule, the case was not much better.
We do well to honor the founders of
New England, both for their personal
worth and the influences for good
that have descended from them to
these later days. They were also
notable illustrations of the difference
between the Catholic and Protestant
forms of belief. It is a difference,
largely, in the presence or the ab-
sence of mediums. As Dr. Guthrie
well says, "Truth passes to the
Catholic through the priest, as the
light of heaven to our eyes through

stained-glass windows. Protestant-
ism undertakes to pass it to the
mind, pure as it radiates from the
Son of Righteousness." Wherein the
Puritans failed as exemplars of what
was right and true was this : They
contended for liberty of conscience,
but mainly for themselves ; they held
to the idea of one faith and worship,
and desired all to move along in the
same way with themselves. To sum
it up in one sentence, they lived in
the seventeenth instead of the nine-
teenth century. Hence, as the nat-
ural outgrowth of their theories, we
find that the spirit of persecution was
soon rife on this side of the Atlantic,
as it had been on the other.

Roger Williams was a fitting rep-
resentative of men who proclaim ideas
in advance of the age in which they
live. Born in Wales in 1599; a rela-
tive, as it is believed, and as one
might infer from his character, of
Oliver Cromwell ; educated at Ox-
ford university ; a student at law,
and afterwards receiving orders in
the Episcopal church ; he left his
native land for the shores of the new
world in 1630, at the age of thirty-
one, and became a Baptist soon after
his arrival in this country. His life
in New England was a stirring and
an eventful one. His conflict with
the civil and ecclesiastical authorities
of Massachusetts Bay, and which cul-
minated in his banishment and sud-
den departure from the colony, are
well known to the reader of history.
For fourteen weeks he lived, as he
says, "in winter snow, which I feel
yet, and knowing not what bread or
bed did mean." In battling for the
great principle of soul liberty, he as
freely granted to others what he
claimed for himself. He says : " I de-

THE BAPTIST CHURCH IN HOPKINTON.

299

sire not that liberty for myself which
I would not freely and impartially
weigh out to all the consciences of
the world beside. All of these, yea,
the very consciences of the papists,
ought freely and impartially to be
permitted their several worships, their
ministers, and what of maintaining
them the}' freely choose."

George Bancroft, in his " History of
the United States," pays this tribute
to Mr. Williams: "If Copernicus is
held in perpetual reverence, because
on his death- bed he published to the
world that the sun is the centre of
our planetary system ; if the name of
Kepler is preserved in the annals of
human excellence for his sagacity in
detecting the laws of planetary mo-
tion ; if the genius of Newton has
been almost adored for dissecting a
ray of light and weighing the heav-
enly bodies as in a balance, let there
be for the name of Roger Williams
some humble place among those who
have advanced moral science and
made themselves the benefactors of
mankind."

Probably no higher praise could be
awarded to the form of church gov-
ernment that has been a prominent
feature of the Baptists than that
which was given by Thomas Jeffer-
son, who, though he was a free
thinker, had a respect for the forms
and ordinances of religion. I re-
ferred at the beginning of this sketch
to the formation of the first Baptist
church in this country at Provi-
dence. What was the result ? Bap-
tist churches were formed in other
parts of the country, and about the
year 1770 we find a small Baptist
church in the state of Virginia. It
was near Monticello, the home of
Thomas Jefferson. There is some-

thing remarkable and far-reaching in
connection with the history of that
church, and it is this : The late Dr.
Fishback, of Lexington, Ky., made
the following statement which he

Deacon Thomas J. Weeks.

received from Andrew Tribble. Mr.
Tribble was pastor of the Monticello
church about the time of the Ameri-
can revolution. Mr. Jefferson at-
tended its services, and at the close
of one of them he invited Mr. Trib-
ble to go home and dine with him.
While at his house Mr. Tribble asked
him how he liked the Baptist form of
church government. Mr. Jefferson
replied that its simplicity had im-
pressed him very favorably and had
greatly interested him, adding that
he considered it the only pure form
of democracy which then existed in
the world, and had concluded that it
would be the best plan of govern-
ment for the American colonies. It
is an old saying that "great oaks
from little acorns grow." We ca

300 THE BAPTIST CHURCH IN HOPKINTON.

see what the result has been in the fully be said of the Baptists, that they
growth of this great nation to more never persecuted any one, and no
than seventy-five millions of people, martyr's blood attaches to the name,
and founded substantially on the And no one who bears the name need
form of government that was adopted ever be ashamed of it.
by that little Baptist church in Vir- Though the early Baptists of our
ginia. state, and nation as well, had their
Whether a democracy, in the long trials, and though like prophet and
run, is the best form of church gov- priest of Old Testament times, they
ernment, or any other kind of a gov- may have desired to see the day
ernment, I am not competent to de- of deliverance but died without the
cide. There are defects in all forms, sight, yet their triumph was no less
but a democratic form, it seems to an assured and a glorious one. The
me, is more in accordance with a true leaven of soul liberty worked slowly
conception of primitive Christianity, and surely till the whole mass was
I do not find any account of a pope leavened. In New Hampshire, in
or a cardinal in the New Testament. 1791, the statute was so changed that
And although the Baptists have been one who could prove that he belonged
somewhat strict in their views of some to another denomination than the one
of the Christian ordinances, believing controlling the affairs of state escaped
that there should be an order in their taxation for the support of the minis-
observance, yet I never believed that try and the building of houses of
the name of Baptist was synonymous worship ; that in the j^ear 18 19 the
with that of bigotry. And when I passage of the toleration act, in the
hear those who profess to be so lib- face of great opposition, swept away
eral in their ideas claiming, as it all the remaining rubbish of a darker
were, to be par excellence, as the de- age and left anyone free to contribute
fenders and promoters of all that is to the support of any church, or not
worth having in religion, I feel in- to contribute, as he saw fit.
clined to ask them who was it that But grander and of more conse-
blazed the way in the wilderness of quence to the interests of humanity
intolerance and opened up a path- is the fact that the principles that
way in which all, whether Jew or Roger Williams first exemplified in
Gentile, Protestant or Catholic, are the little colony of Rhode Island and
permitted to walk as suits them best in the first Baptist church in America
on their way to the heavenly country, are now the glory of this great repub-
They would have to admit that they lie. May they ever remain with us
are indebted to the Baptists, and to despite the designs of papacy or the
the "hard shell Baptists" at that, vagaries of socialism,
for bearing the brunt of the battle for „„,, . . . ,.. .,

The great hearts of the olden time,

free toleration in this country during Are beating with us, full and strong,

the years of the eighteenth century. A11 hol y memories and sublime

r\ ±\ 11 > -i And glorious, round us throng."

One thing, at all events, can truth-

Note. — I am indebted to the historical discourse given by Rev. William Lamson, D. D., at the
centennial of the Baptist church in Newton, October 18, 1855, for some of the facts contained in
this sketch. This sketch was read at the annual roll-call of the church May 8, 1900.

THE SONG OF THE NEW HAMPSHIRE DAUGHTERS.

By Dr. H. G. Leslie.

Our thoughts turn back to the Granite hills,
To the spires of the mountain pines ;
While down through the rift of passing years
The sunlight of memory shines.

Chorus.

Carry us back as barefooted girls,
To the fields that our childhood knew,
Carry us back to the slope of the hill
Where the low-bushed blueberries grew.

Still on the hillside the old house stands,
The valley is seen far below ;
Beyond the ridge of chestnuts and oaks
Is the spot where the pine trees grow.

Chorus.

The well-sweep swings by the garden path,
Its curbing is battered and gray ;
Would its water taste like nectar sweet
As it did in our childhood's day ?

Chorus.

The old loom stood on the kitchen floor,

Both the warp and the woof were gray,

While out and in, through the changing threads,

Was the shuttle's unceasing play.

Chorus.

The dear hands that swung the beating slade
Are resting so quiet and still ;
While other hands work the warping bars
And the spools of the shuttle fill.

Chorus.

Oh, the dear old home, the sweet old home,
How its memories come to me,
All through the light of life's afterglow,
L,ike the glint on shimmering sea.

Chorus.

We are tired of the silks and the laces.
The rout of cold fashion's display ;
Fain would we be in our homes again,
And children, if but for a day.

Chorus.

THE TWO CAMERAS.

By Laura D. Nichols.

HAPPY-FACED young
girl, in a brown travel-
ing suit, and a quiet lit-
tle lady in black, were
sitting on the forward
deck of the Nezvport Neu>s one clear
evening in May.

The steamer was lying at her dock
in Washington, waiting for the stroke
of five bells (6 : 30) to glide away
down the broad, yellow Potomac to
Norfolk.

"I cannot realize that we are go-
ing home," said Elsie; "doesn't it
seem as if we were just going to
Alexandria or Mt. Vernon, Aunt
Dora?"

"Perhaps it would if I had not
been packing all the forenoon, and
having farewell calls all the after-
noon, and if the sun were not so low.
L,ook at the portico columns of Ar-
lington and see how the red sky tints
the monument ! ' '

"Oh, they are both too beautiful
to leave !" said Elsie, sadly. "There,
we are off ! Good-by, dear Washing-
ton. I wonder when I shall see you
again !"

Then both became silent, for other
passengers were taking chairs, and
their eyes were intent on last looks at
the snowy dome of the capitol, the
golden-topped library, the green ar-
senal grounds and the navy yard, as
they floated out into mid-stream,
with Maryland on the left and Vir-
ginia on the right.

Soon they stopped at Alexandria
to leave freight and take on two pas-
sengers. The old wharves were less
sleepy-looking than usual, for many
women with babies, and girls in
white dresses had come down to en-
joy the cool river air.

Elsie gave a parting glance at
the little conical tower of Christ
church, where they had attended
service the previous Sunday, with
the privilege of sitting in General
Washington's square pew, which
still retains its seats on three sides,
though the others have been mod-
ernized.

Now on, past Fort Washington on
the Maryland shore, its toy-like light-
house just lit, and by the time they
passed Mt. Vernon they could hardly
discern the bird weather-vane on its
cupola.

"Now, now!" whispered Elsie,
" I am where I have never been be-
fore!" she sighed with an explorer's
joy, and her cup of content was full
when the lonely notes of a whip-
poor-will thrilled from the historic
woods.

Most of the passengers had gone
inside, but the cabin's electric glare
had no charm for our two, and bring-
ing extra wraps from their state-
room, they enjoyed for another half
hour the cool, rushing air, the soli-
tude of deck and river, while stars
came out and shores receded on each
side.

THE TWO CAMERAS.

303

" The noble river widens as we drift,

And the deep waters more than brackish

grow;
We note the sea-birds flying to and fro,
And feel the ocean currents plainly lift
Our bark;"

quoted Aunt Dora, but just then El-
sie's head sank softly on her should-
er, and she wisely decided that they
had better go to bed.

******

Meanwhile another pair with whom
our story is concerned, were sitting
astern. They, too, had spent several
weeks in Washington, not visiting
relatives, like our aunt and niece,
but lodging in a quiet street and tak-
ing their meals outbide, according to
the state of their finances.

The father was a writer for maga-
zines and newspapers, and though
possessed of an income sufficient for
their actual needs, was alternately
rich or poor as his manuscripts were
accepted or rejected. Having fol-
lowed the sea in his youth, he loved
a roving life, and since the death of
his wife, several years before, he and
Howard had wandered as fancy led.
He had been his son's tutor, and both
were especially prizing this summer's
freedom and companionship, because
at its close, Howard was to enter Har-
vard. They were joyous to-night, so
generous a check having been re-
ceived from Minstrel Brothers for

their last article that they were able
to indulge in a long-desired visit to
Fort Monroe and other points in Vir-
ginia.

"You shall choose the route and
everything else, Howard, for your
photographs made the paper."

The boy's face beamed. "Then
I '11 order soft-shelled crabs and por-
ter-house steak, and strawberries and

ice-cream for dinner. Our lunch was
far from sumptuous, you know."

So it was that they were among
those whom Elsie's youthful severity
condemned as " stupid and greedy '
for lingering in the dining-room in-
stead of enjoying the twilight on
deck. Long after she and her aunt
were asleep in No. 9, the other two
were pacing astern, planning how
and where their check should carry
them, and at six next morning they
landed at Old Point Comfort, while
the ladies were dressing to breakfast
on board. They had the dining-
room all to themselves, for the steam-
er was now at her Norfolk dock, and
everyone else had gone ashore. They
ate their chops and rolls very leis-
urely, for neither the Ncicport News
nor the ship on which their passage
to Providence was taken, would sail
before evening. The waiter said the
Chatham was not yet in, and when
they went on deck, Captain G. cour-
teously begged them to make them-
selves at home where they were, till
she should arrive. The morning
was, however, too lovely to be lost,
so, guided by a waiter carrying
their bags, they walked to the office
of the Merchants & Miners Trans-
portation company, near by, left them
in charge, and took advice as to their
day.

" You might go by rail to Virginia
beach and lunch at the hotel, or by
boat to Fortress Monroe, or to Hamp-
ton."

"Oh, the Fortress!" whispered
Elsie, and so it was settled. Miss
Dora having seen all before, for
greater variety they walked a block
to the Atlantic hotel, in front of
which they took an open electric car,
which, with one transfer, carried

3°4

THE TWO CAMERAS.

them through much of the old-
fashioned, garden-sweet city, and
eight or nine miles into the country
beyond. Soon after they started, the
car took on twenty ladies and girls so
laden with baskets, wreaths, and bou-
quets of flowers that Miss Dora ven-
tured to ask where they were going.

"To the cemetery!" was the sur-
prised reply, followed by a searching
look as she added, "This is Memo-
rial Day, here/" And you must be
from the North, said the hardening
eyes, but softened as Miss Dora
quietly answered,

"Yes, we are travelers, but had
cousins on both sides."

It was the 22d of May, and Elsie
who had only known the 30th at
Union graves, realized for the first
time that Southern homes had been
desolated and Southern tears shed by
mothers and children as loving as her
own. Now the city is left behind,
and they are rushing through miles
of what had, not long ago, been a
pine forest.

Great stumps still stood high and
close together, but the sandy soil be-
tween was now a vast strawberry bed,
and hundreds of men, women, and
children were picking the tempting
red fruit. Such tattered hats — log-
cabin sunbonnets — gay shirts and
petticoats ! Out came Elsie's camera,
and group after group was photo-
graphed, including stacks of empty
crates, tiny white-washed cabins hung
with roses and honeysuckle, — flutter-
ing clothes-lines and sprawling bronze-
colored babies.

Miles of woods next, then stretches
of white sand with blue water tumb-
ling beyond and crashing in foam on
both sides of a narrow point, Wil-
loughby Spit at last !

A tidy little steamer, Ocean Spray,
lay ready, and after twenty breezy
minutes, they were landing at Old
Point.

So much salt air made them glad
of the rolls and bananas Aunt Dora
had wisely provided. The great
hotels, Hygeia and Chamberlain,
were almost on the beach, but nearer
still was an empty waiting-room, and
on its seaward doorstep they pic-
nicked unobserved, save by a stately
old army officer, whose shocked stare
and "Ahem!' 1 - made Elsie laugh.
Thus refreshed, they followed a
sandy street, — the hotels and a row
of gay- windowed shops on the right,
while the grassy ramparts of the fort
rose beyond.

Before reaching the sally-port they
came upon an aged colored man,
seated in a chair on the walk, a tin
dipper in his trembling hand, while
a card on his breast announced that
Samuel was blind, and asked aid of
passing friends.

Their coins and kindly words were
acknowledged with old-style cour-
tesy, and now came a row of white
cottages whose garden fences were
heaped with fragrant yellow honey-
suckle in lavish bloom, while inside,
fig trees crowded each other's broad
palmate leaves in almost tropical
luxuriance, and pride of China trees
were opening their clusters of blos-
som over all. No one was in sight,
and Elsie ventured to take a camera
shot at the picturesque row, and at
the ramparts beyond, including " Old
Glory" fluttering against the blue
sk}'. Then they crossed a narrow
white bridge over a real moat, as
Elsie whispered with a romantic
thrill, and confused visions of border
castles, Scottish chiefs, Coeur de

THE TWO CAMERAS.

305

L,ion, Eveline Berenger, and Rose
Flammock.

Now they enter a cool, shady, zig-
zag passage in the thickness of the
wall, where a blue- clad sentry was
pacing, gun on shoulder, and a stern-
ly-military expression on his boyish
face, as he stepped forward, laid his
hand on Elsie's camera and curtly
said,

" I must take this ; no photograph-
ing allowed inside."

Bravely choking down her surprise
and disappointment, the young girl
submitted, only saying, with a little
catch in her breath, "Please take
good care of it ! "

The sentry smiled, touched his cap,
and said pleasantly, " It '11 be quite
safe, Miss. If I 'm relieved before
you come back, I '11 give it in charge
of the other man."

" I suppose he thought I 'd be like
the Frenchman in ' Mother Molly,'
but, oh, dear, what a shame that I
can't take a snap at that dear little
chapel among the apple trees !"

" Those are live oaks," said Aunt
Dora ; "they do look like apple trees,
but you will soon see the difference.

They seated themselves on a bench
under a large one in the centre of the
parade ground, and Elsie saw that
the leaves were cleanly cut oval,
grayish green, and only an inch long.
The fruit is a highly polished little
acorn, and Old Point is the tree's
northern limit. A group of children
playing near attracted Elsie. "They
shout and squabble and make up
again as if this were not a historic
spot, and they, perhaps, the grand-
children of heroes," which reminded
her aunt to show her Carroll Hall,
where her own grandfather was quar-
tered in the Civil War.

"I fear the old smoke house has
been torn down long ago," she added.
" What was that ?" "A place where
they used to smoke hams and bacon.
When your grandfather was stationed
here, the negroes chased a 'possum
into it, and in pulling down a rub-
bish heap, in which he hid, they
found a rare old book, Bailey's dic-
tionary, a quarto in heavy leather
covers, badly torn and smoke-stained,
but a treasure to Father. It is in our
library now." Then, as they ram-
bled on, she showed Elsie the case
mate quarters, " Where I took tea
with Chaplain C.'s family." Then
it was time to return to the wharf,
reclaiming the camera, and getting
excellent raspberry soda at the drug-
gist's on their way. It was the
Hampton Roads which gave them a
cooling hour's sail back to Norfolk,
and there lay the Chatham, and they
were soon resting in the comfortable
outside stateroom, which was to be
their home for two nights and an-
other day. They sailed at sunset,
again passing Ft. Monroe and the
Rip Raps, and before bedtime pass-
ing the lights on Cape Charles and
Cape Henry, flashing guardians of
the mouth of Chesapeake bay, and
were rocked to sleep by the strong
lift and toss of the outer ocean.

When they came on deck next
morning, land was nowhere to be
seen ; nothing but racing blue-green
water, blue and white summer sky,
the courteous officers and Swedish-
looking sailors, and the polished
decks and shining brasses of the
Chatham. Several of their fellow-
passengers kept their rooms, hut to
Elsie's joy, she proved, like her aunt,
to be a good sailor, and enjoyed
every moment of the long day.

306

THE TWO CAMERAS.

Walking the deck, exulting in the
foamy dash and toss at the bows,
watching the endless waltz of half
a dozen Mother Carey's chickens
over the oily- smooth wake astern, or
curled up in a fluke of one of the
great bow anchors with a book, she
was really sorry when, late in the af-
ternoon, they passed the Fire Island
lightship, and woke Thursday morn-
ing at the foot of Benefit St., Provi-
dence. " Good- by, good-by, dear
Chatham ! The first thing I '11 do
on shore will be to have my photo-
graphs printed as a remembrance of
our happy visit and voyage."
*****

Meanwhile, Howard and his father
had also been happily busy. Disap-
pointed in their early call at Fort
Monroe, in not finding the friend
they hoped to meet, they accepted an
invitation from his wife to return in
the afternoon.

They divided the forenoon between
Hampton schools and Virginia beach,
in search, not only of interest, but of
magazine material. Deciding that
the former had already been much
described and illustrated, Howard
saved two rolls of his camera for Vir-
ginia beach and the fort, little dream-
ing he should be deprived of it, for
it was in his valise in the morning.
They found the beach a fine example
of unbroken ocean line, with magni-
ficent rollers breaking upon a wide,
firm stretch of white sand, bordered
with pretty summer cottages and pa-
vilions, not yet occupied, and a hotel
also guestless, though ready for trav-
elers like themselves. Howard de-
clared it was too ghastly to be en-
dured ; as dead as Pompeii without
its charm. Regardless of the early
date he had hoped for groups of girls

on piazzas, sand-digging children,
pleasure boats, bathers, and carri-
ages. "And here," he grumbled,
" are only acres of sand, and miles of
sea ! Oh, yes, vastness is impres-
sive, but give me our broken New
England coast with its ins and outs
of cape and cove, its pine-clad islets,
rocky headlands and boulder-strewn
shore!" His father, more philo-
sophic, was rejoicing over scores of
tiny white violets, bordering a little
fresh water stream, which trickled
across the beach, and even posed as
a wealthy Southerner, smoking and
reading his paper in one of the empty
summer-houses, to oblige his subject-
hunting son.

But objects of real interest and nov-
elty suddenly appeared : half a dozen
mule-drawn carts hurrying to meet
some fisher boats just coming in ;
and Howard had his fill of excite-
ment and material, as great nets
were dragged ashore, full of leaping
fish, which were poured flashing and
flapping on the sand, and hurried
into the carts by picturesquely ragged
colored boys, who drove off as fast as
supplied, answering only with grins
and " dunno, sir," to Howard's
eager questions. The boatmen were
older and more intelligent, but very
anxious about their nets, endangered
by the furious plunging of enormous
sturgeon, one of which they were
confident weighed nearly three hun-
dred pounds, and another certainly
two hundred. When the monsters
were finally beached, Howard took
several views of them, with and with-
out the fishermen, and finally one
with his father reclining on the sand
near the largest fish, like a modern
Jonah. He remembered, however,
to save eight shots for. Fortress Mon-

THE TWO CAMERAS.

307

roe, and was, therefore, as much dis-
appointed, and much less submissive
than Elsie had been, when the same
sentry deprived him of his camera
within the very hour of her ex-
perience.

Elsie's determination to have her
photographs finished at once was
completely forgotten, when she
learned that she was to sail for
Europe in a week. She had known
that Uncle George and his wife were
going, with a child left delicate by
the grip, but during her three days'
absence from mails the uncle found
that business must keep him at home,
and begged that Miss Dora and Elsie
would take his place.

The intervening days were busy
indeed ; the camera forgotten till the
last day, when the rolls were en-
trusted to mamma, to be forwarded
when printed.

Thus it was not until a July eve-
ning in Montreux that aunt and
niece sat down to live over their May
days in the pictures for which an
album had been provided, with " Five
Weeks South of Mason and Dixon's
Line," neatly lettered on the cover.

Aunt Carrie and Flora were there
too, and views of the Capitol, National
Librae, State department, White
House, etc., were passed from hand
to hand and duly admired. But
Elsie's face grew more axid more be-
wildered, and at last she said, " Why,
Aunty Dora, you must have taken
these. I don't remember getting
this point of view ! ' '

"No, dear, I left it wholly to
you."

" But look ! Look ! I mourned so
because the White House fountain
was not playing, and here it is !

And at Mt. Vernon you know the
sun kept going in, and I only had
one shot and here are three ! What
does it mean ? ' '

The mystery increased as a charm-
ing view of the monument, its base
veiled in clouds, came to sight (" and
mine was all clear!"), then an in-
terior at the Corcoran Gallery ( ' ' and
we only took the outside ! " ) , the
Aqueduct bridge with the three little
sister islands (" and mine had a
canal boat, you know!"), and one
of Cabin John bridge where Elsie
had forgotten her camera.

' ' The stupid man mixed our pic-
tures with someone else's, and how
disgusted they must be, for these are
so much better ! ' '

Surprise followed surprise, culmi-
nating in a farewell glimpse of Wash-
ington, evidently taken on board the
Newport News, for there were Aunt
Dora and Elsie in the foreground,
the latter waving farewell to the
monument.

"Oh, how did he dare?" gasped
the girl.

But Aunt Carrie remarked,
' ' Why, child, you ought to be
pleased. It 's a charming likeness,
if it is only an inch long, taken
probably by some old man whom
you reminded of his daughter and
granddaughter. ' '

Then came groups at Hampton
and those we have described at Vir-
ginia beach.

"Evidently they went to those
places when we chose Willoughby
Point and the Fort, but where have
ours gone ? Our strawberry pickers,
ramparts, and sally-port ? And what
can we do ?"

A series of letters during the next
month only resulted in an emphatic

3 o8

BETWEEN THE BARS.

statement from their photographer
that he printed exactly what he re-
ceived from Elsie's mother, and no
other Southern views had reached
him. He would let them know if
any came. So Aunt Dora put the
collection carefully away, and in the
delights of Switzerland it was soon
forgotten.
t * * * * * *

Howard and his father meanwhile
were camping with friends in the
Adirondacks till September, when
choosing and furnishing his rooms
at Harvard, engrossed them both.
It was not until funds grew low that
spring material was looked over and
scene second in the comedy of errors
was enacted.

Fortunately Howard was inspired
to examine the camera instead of
brow-beating the photographer.

Finding the initials E. V. B. on the
strap, he exclaimed, " That dolt of a
sentry ! ' ' and was mentally compos-
ing an advertisement. But before he
had achieved one that satisfied him,
he attended the great Harvard-Yale
ball game and heard a fresh young
voice behind him, saying, "It was
the most bewildering thing ! But
the pictures were capital, — better
than mine. There was one that I
called Jonah and the whale ! Such
a nice looking man, — " but here a
bronzed young fellow turned round
like a flash, saying,

" Oh, I beg your pardon ! It was
that stupid sentry at Fort Monroe !
But we have your camera and all
your views quite safe."

And so began a pleasant acquain-
tance, and a fair exchange proved no
robbery.

BETWEEN THE BARS.
By Hale Howard Richardson.

Between the iron bars,
The prisoner may count
A thousand gleaming stars
Aglow with hope's bright fount.

Within the sterner bounds
Of Ljfe's environment,
Where Poverty unfounds
Ambitions lofty bent ;

Where Duty welds a chain

To hold the struggler down,

How can he ever gain

The longed for, sparkling crown ?

By strife for larger girth,
With gaze between the bars,
With feet upon the earth
And heart amid the stars !

REMINISCENCES OF THE LATE HON. WILLIAM M. EVARTS.

By Hon. Henry B. Atherton.

HE first time I ever heard
the late William M.
Evarts was in January,
i860, when I was at-
tending the Albany law
school. On the 24th of that month
the famous Lemmon slave ease came
on for trial in the New York court
of appeals. The case had been sev-
eral years in the courts, yet even
then it was not generally known that
its prosecution by the state of Vir-
ginia was but one step in a general
conspiracy of the slave power, by
judicial decisions, to make slavery
national not only in the territories
of the United States but in the free
states as well.

The issue arose in this way : Jona-
than Lemmon and family, with eight
slaves, were on their way from Vir-
ginia to Texas. Arriving at New
York city, the packet in which they
were to sail did not start immedi-
ately so the slaves were removed and
lodged at No. 5 Carlisle street. A
writ of habeas corpus was issued,
and on failure to show that they were
deprived of their liberty in accor-
dance with any law of New York,
the slaves were set at large. The
question involved was the right of
the slaveholder to retain the custody
of his slaves while passing through
the state of New York or during his
temporary sojourn there.

In the court below the case had

been decided in favor of the freedom
xsx— 22

of the slaves. Charles O'Connor, a
brilliant advocate, then at the height
of his reputation, appearing for the
appellants, represented the state of
Virginia. To him were opposed
Messrs. Blunt and Evarts. The
court- room was occupied by a dis-
tinguished and deeply interested
audience. Messrs. O'Connor and
Evarts each occupied about five
hours in their arguments. O'Con-
nor, renowned as an orator, and also
as a pro-slavery Union man, spoke
with intense earnestness and that
natural eloquence for which he was
famous. In defining his position he
was bold, even to the verge of au-
dacity, yet always with the utmost
decorum of manner. As he warmed
with his subject his blue eyes grew
dark and brilliant, his cheeks took
on the ruddy tinge of youth and he
looked twenty years younger than
the same man, as one would meet
him on the street with his hat thrust
well on the back of his head, or in
the library engaged in examining his
authorities.

In regard to slavery he took the
same ground he had recently taken
in his noted Union speech and letter;
he maintained that it was "just, be-
nign, and beneficent." Speaking of
Lord Mansfield's decision in the fa-
mous Somerset case, he called him
"a mere common law judge of a
mere common law court," and ridi-
culed the idea that a negro, as soon

3io

HON. WILLIAM M. EVARTS.

as he breathes the air of England,
becomes free, while at common law,
under the system of villeinage, white,
native-born English subjects were
held as slaves.

He maintained that under article
4, section 2, of the constitution, which
provides that "the citizens of each
state shall be entitled to all the
privileges of citizens in the several
states," the Virginia slaveholder not
as a citizen of New York or of Vir-
ginia, but of the United States, had
a right to exercise control over the
person of his slave, while staying
temporarily in New York, and that
he also had this right by the comity
which exists and should exist be-
tween the different states of the
Union.

He said there could be no law of
nature that was paramount and con-
trary to the laws of the land, else
were these laws a nullity ; yet he did
believe in a "higher law," as prop-
erly defined, and that the judge, or
other officer, who could not conscien-
tiously support the constitution and
the laws, as he had sworn to do,
ought to resign his office ; and if men
think that slavery is such an out-
rage on humanity — in fact the very
essence of sin and evil as they claim
— he asked how they could conscien-
tiously support that compact which
upholds it, and unites them in bonds
of apparent amity with its perpetra-
tors. He said if slavery be such a
sin, then the slaveholder ought to be
excluded from the table of an intelli-
gent Englishman or Frenchman as
quickly as a thief coining from a
laud where stealing went unpunished.
He argued that the preservation of
the Union depended on the final de-
termination of this question.

Mr. Evarts, then about forty years
old, grave and sedate in appearance,
as eloquent as his opponent though
in a different fashion, arose to an-
swer, and in a conversational tone at
•first confined himself quite closely to
the legal points involved in the case.
He maintained that the question did
not come under the jurisdiction of
the federal courts, arguing both from
the constitution itself and from the
decisions of those courts made since
its adoption, and claimed that the
Dred Scott decision though cited
against him, was, as far as regards
that question, in his favor. He
cited a number of decisions of courts
in the slave states conceding the
right of one state to declare that
a slave brought to it from another
shall be free. His argument, which
was a cool, calm, dispassionate state-
ment of facts and legal principles in
logical order and sequence, was a
masterly example of legal reasoning
and, as such, commended itself to
leading Republicans all over the
country, who saw in him a worthy de-
fender of the free state cause. As he
concluded his address to the court
he remarked that if it should be held
necessary by the South to control
the federal government utterly, and
to so subdue the free states that
the laws of Virginia and other slave
states could be executed here at the
North, then indeed a catastrophe
must follow, and it would not be
disunion as predicted by the learned
counsel, but it would be the complete
overthrow of slavery in this country.
How true his prediction proved.

I never regretted being absent from
my law lectures that day and taking
notes of this famous case instead, and
I was not «alone in my delinquency,

HON. WILLIAM M. EVARTS.

for, if I remember aright, Hon.
Fisher Ames Baker, ex-Postmaster
General Vilas, the late Gen. Whee-
lock Graves Yeazey, and Senator
Redfield Proctor, also students at the.
time, preferred to listen to the argu-
ments in the court-room rather than
to the lectures at the law school.

By his masterly argument in that
case, Mr. Evarts became a recog-
nized champion of the principles of
the Republican party and attained a
national reputation. I next heard
Mr. Evarts twenty-one years later at
one of the earlier annual sessions —
the fifth I think — of the American
Bar Association at Saratoga. Dur-
ing the period that had intervened,
he had served as counsel for Presi-
dent Andrew Johnson in the im-
peachment proceedings against him,
he had represented the United States
in the Alabama claims commission,
had been attorney-general and secre-
tary of state of the United States,
and was yet to be United States
senator from New York.

At the meeting of the bar associa-
tion in August, 1882, the principal
subject for consideration was the relief
of the United States supreme court,
which was then three years behind in
the adjudication of the cases on the
docket. The majority of the commit-
tee had reported in favor of a measure
providing for circuit courts of appeal,
substantially as embodied in the ex-
isting law, and the minority favored
the idea of making four of the nine
supreme court judges a quorum so
that two divisions of the court could
sit at the same time, and they made
their report to that effect. Mr. E. J.
Phelps, afterwards minister to Great
Britain, made a powerful argument in
favor of the minority report. He was

followed by William Preston of Ken-
tucky for the opposite view, and the
next day, Mr. Evarts made a most
thorough and logical argument also
for the minority report. His recent
familiarity with the working of the
court and the condition of the business
before it, coupled with his pleasing
and persuasive manner, enabled him
to hold the attention of the meeting
during a long session. As before, in
the court-room at Albany, he subor-
dinated his voice, his manner, himself,
apparently everything to his subject.
He was very much in earnest and
never for a moment unbent his mind
or manner unless for an instant there
came a twinkle in his eye as his voice
dropped in parenthesis when he said,
"I warn the bar (and would warn
the judges if judges would ever take
warning) that the notion that this
country has got so many merchant
princes and railroad kings that they
should claim almost exclusively the
attention of the supreme court, is an
enormous mischief, an immeasurable
evil. It is a festering sore in the
community to have one measure of
justice for a great cause and another
for a small."

That same night Mr. Evarts pre-
sided at the annual banquet of the
association, and with appropriate sen-
timents and remarks called out the
after-dinner speakers. It has not
been the practice at these banquets to
carry the work of the day over into
the evening's festivities, or to indulge
in much serious or didactic discourse.
When Mr. Evarts appeared at the
head of the table with a specially sol-
emn mien, those of us who had never
seen him smile, began to fear this
occasion might prove an exception to
the general rule, but when he arose

312

AMBITION.

and announced that no speaker should
occupy more than five minutes in his
response, and that he himself should
take ten minutes to every other man's
five, that fear vanished. Every
speaker seemed inclined to give Mr.
Evarts something to do in the ten
minutes which he reserved to himself.
I remember that Judge Noah Davis,
a distinguished jurist of New York
city, anent the reputation that Mr.
Evarts had gained from some of his
published orations, where in one in-
stance a single sentence covered sev-
eral pages, said that in his court
counsel were allowed only fifteen
minutes in which to argue a motion,
and that recently when Mr. Evarts
was engaged in arguing a motion be-
fore him, in obedience to the rule, he
was obliged to stop him in the middle
of his first sentence. " We all know
what class in the community it is that
hates long sentences," retorted Mr.
Evarts, and he said Judge Davis re-
minded him of the "learned pig"

that was on exhibition on Pennsylva-
nia avenue in Washington ; and he
then went on to tell a most entertain-
ing story of how he was induced to
.visit the pig who could tell fortunes,
play cards, and predict who would be
the next president, and how, by his
description of his performances, he so
stirred the curiosity of the members
of the cabinet and of the supreme
court that within a fortnight every
one of them more or less surrepti-
tiously had visited the " learned pig,"
but he failed to point out more partic-
ularly how he resembled Judge Davis.
There were many witty after-dinner
speakers that evening, and nearly
every one tried to get the best of the
toastmaster, but in each instance, Mr.
Evarts, replying on the spur of the
moment, was more than a match for
his assailant. In fact for nearly three
hours he kept up a constant play of
wit much to the delight of all present,
and in marked contrast to his serious
discussion of the morning.

AMBITION.

By Charles Henry Chcsley.

So green the hills seemed far awaj'
I journeyed to them all the day ;

Weary and spent when night came down
They rose before me bleak and brown.

So men may toil to win the height
And victors stand at fall of night,

Only to find the hills of blue
Have faded with a nearer view.

Ah, he who dearest joy distills
Contented seeks the nearer hills.

SOME QUEER BIPEDS.
By George Bancroft Griffith.

jURING an evening re-
cently spent with an
elderly Strafford county
friend, we got to talk-
ing about odd and
whimsical people, and the many
" eccentrics " we had met and heard
of, which led him to tell me the fol-
lowing story of a religious fanatic
known as "Old Wells," who was in
Maine and New Hampshire more or
less from 1815 to 1820.

While in Farmington, Me., this
strange being held a meeting one
evening in a large, unfinished house,
the floor of which was provided with
rough, temporary seats arranged for
passage ways that the old man might
travail and agonize in as he preached.
Curiosity called out the people, and
the house was full. Amongst them
was one young man — too rude to
stay on shore, and who had been sent
to sea for the improvement of his
manners. He was a shrewd fellow,
and a great wag. He thought to
have some sport at the expense of
" Old Wells ' and his upholders. He
took a seat at the end of a bench
where the preacher would be sure to
approach him when travailing. In
due time the meeting began. "Old
Wells" entered, threw down his coat
and broad brim, doubled his fists,
strained his eyes and screamed,
"Hell!" at the top of his voice.

He then proceded to "serve the
Lord in a riotous way," as usual.

His sermon abouuded in the relation
of miracles he had performed, visions
he had seen, dreams he had, ghosts
that had appeared to him, etc. The
young man of whom we have spoken,
chose to sit leaning forward with
both hands covering his eyes, and
occasionally drawing a long sigh.
The sight and sound soon caught
the eyes and ears of the great revi-
valist, and with a bound he leaped
to the seat, seized Aaron by the hair
of his head, lifted it violently up,
that he might look into his face,
and vociferously demanded—" Young
man ! what is the matter with you ? '

Aaron replied only by a groan.
This made the old man sure that he
had secured a subject under concern
of mind, and he demanded again —
" Young man ! I say what ails you ?'"

" Oh, not much of anything."

" But I know there is — the spirit
of the Lord is at work on your heart ;
now tell just how you feel — tell us all
just as it is, don't fear, now is your
time for salvation, or never."

The young man uttered another
groan, and protested that he "did
not want to tell, he felt so."

At this the old man begun to jump
with joy, clap his hands, and run
through the house praising God that
the Holy Spirit was moving upon the
hearts of the people ; and he hastened
back again to the young man and
demanded that he should tell just
what made him groan so.

SOME QUEER BIPEDS.

"Well," said Aaron, "if I must
tell, I must ; I had a dreadful dream
last night."

" O-o-o-h !" exclaimed " Old Wells,"
" there is a great deal in dreams, the
Lord often appears to me in dreams
and visions of the night ; tell just
what you dreamed."

"I dreamed that I was sick and
died."

"O-o-o-h! the Lord is warning
you ; and where did you go ?"

"I thought I went to hell."

"O-o-o-h! just so, — just so — there
is a great deal in dreams. Well, what
did 3'ou see in hell ?"

" I saw a fiery throne, and a great
black devil sat thereon."

"Just so, just so! a true dream,
every word of it. Well, what next?"

" I thought soon a young devil
approached the throne and said, —
' Father, when are you going to send
me out into the earth to deceive the
nations?' "

" O-o-o-h !" exclaimed the preacher,
' ' never was a dream truer ; there are
a great many deceivers out in the
world to make captive poor sinners;"
and he exulted so violently that he
ran again about the house, brandish-
ing his arms and crying "glory!"
and once more approached his sub-
ject for further revelations from the
infernal pit.

"What did you see then?"

"I thought by and by another
young devil prostrated himself before
the throne and inquired, ' Father,
when are you going to send me out
into the world to deceive the peo-
ple?' "

' ' There is a great deal in dreams —
this is a true dream, every word of
it. What next?"

" Directly another young devil ap-

proached the throne and demanded,
' Father, when are you going to send
me out into the world to deceive the
nations?'

" ' Get along off, you profane imps,'
exclaimed the old king devil. I have
got ' Old Wells ' out now in the
world at work, and he is enough to
fill hell!"

"You lie! you lie I you lie!"
bawled "Old Wells," jumping up
and down and foaming at the mouth,
" there is not a word of truth in that
dream ! ' ' and we need hardly say
that Aaron's successful attempt upon
the credulity of the revivalist turned
the joke so fatally against the old
man that he instantly sloped, the
congregation broke up, and that was
the last seen of "Old Wells" in
Farmington.

While at work upon a state publi-
cation, a few years ago, I met at
Dover the late David Tuttle— " King
David " as he was wont to call him-
self. His real name was George H.
Tuttle, and he was born in Strafford
Centre, April 6, 1811. Few people
who spent the summer at any of the
beaches on the north New England
coast have not seen this singular
"character." He cut a unique figure
amongst the tourists and pleasure-
seekers of the seaside resorts. His
flowing hair and beard, tangled and
gray, his indescribable apparel, and
his bunch of twigs and leaves — relics
from the holy land — were familiar to
thousands of poeple in all parts of the
country. He was considered a little
"off" when a boy, but at an early
age learned the trade of a carpenter,
which he followed for more than a
quarter of a century. While at work
on a building at Lawrence, Mass., he

SOME QUEER BIPEDS.

3i5

fell forty-five feet into a cellar upon
some rocks. He was taken up as
one dead and it was many weeks
before he recovered consciousness,
and the physicians said the brain
was affected, so he was taken to an
insane asylum where the doctors de-
cided that the cranium had been
fractured by the fall, which fully ac-
counted for his thinking two things
at the same time. At this period of
his life he was quite wealthy ; he
went to his home in Strafford and
took up farming, and in the summer
of 1854 he went into the horse busi-
ness and it was then that his friends
discovered that he had become ex-
tremely eccentric. They tried all
they could to relieve him, but to
no avail. He soon ran through his
property and became a wanderer, al-
though his son strenuously endeav-
ored to keep him at borne. He wan-
dered almost aimlessly over the states
of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,
and Massachusetts, never paying any
railroad fare. His hobby was that
while lying unconscious he was trav-
eling all over the world, and when
he came to he was very angry, say-
ing they should have left him alone,
as he never had a better time in his
life, and related the places he had
seen and incidents that happened
during his travels.

"King David," at the time I met
him, was supported by the town of
Strafford, and had just put on his re-
galia (?), consisting of blue overalls
and jumper, trimmed with feathers,
and had clapped on an Indian's feath-
ered turban. He held in his hand a
staff — a formidable affair — and was on
the point of starting on one of his long
trips to the surrounding beaches and
the White Mountain resorts. All the

train hands on the different roads
knew him and promptly passed him
along, kindly helping the strange
eccentric with small sums of money
from their hard-earned wages. He
was once given a regimental uniform
of which he was immensely proud,
and for a long time he called it his
new suit. He thought nothing of
walking fifteen or twenty miles a day,
even when he had become gray and
past threescore years of age.

But this old landmark, if the term
can be applied to him, has disap-
peared. He died at Rockport, Mass.,
at the age of 73. After his severe
accident to which we have referred,
he became a great reader of the Bible
and could repeat long passages of it,
and he imagined himself " King Da-
vid." He was known by nearly every
little boy and girl in New England on
account of his picturesque dress.

It is pleasant to know that he died
with relatives who did all that it was
possible to do for his comfort after he
had a stroke of paralysis, from which
he never fully rallied, and is buried
in his native town.

Rev. Zabdiel Adams, an old-time
and eccentric divine of Massachusetts,
had attended a funeral one afternoon,
and was following the corpse in the
rear of the graveyard. All of a sud-
den the procession came to a stand.
After a considerable pause, Mr. Ad-
ams got impatient and walked to the
bier to know the cause thereof. The
pall-bearers informed him that the
sheriff of Leominster had attached
the body for debt. The practice was
legal at this period. " Attached the
body?" exclaimed Mr. A., thumping
his cane down with vehemence.

3i6

SOME QUEER BIPEDS.

" Move on," said he, " and bury the
man. I have made a prayer at the
funeral, and somebody shall be buried.
If the sheriff objects take him up and
bury him !" The bier was raised
without delay, the procession moved
on and the sheriff thought best to
molest them no further, or, in vulgar
parlance, made himself scarce.

This strange parson had a child
brought to him one day by one of his
parishioners to be baptized. The old
minister leaned forward and asked
him the name. " Ichabod," says he.
Now Mr. Adams had a strong preju-
dice against this name — " Poh, poll,"
says he, "John you mean — John I
baptize you in the name," etc.

One Sabbath afternoon his people
were expecting a stranger to preach
whom they were all anxious to hear,
and a much more numerous congre-
gation than usual had assembled.
The stranger did not come, and of
course the people were disappointed.
Mr. Adams found himself obliged to
officiate, and in the course of his de-
votional exercises he spoke to this
effect: "We beseech thee, O Lord,
for this people, who have come up
with itching ears to the sanctuary,
that their severe affliction may be
sanctified to them for their moral and
spiritual good, and that the humble
efforts of thy servant may be made,
through thy grace, in some measure
effectual to their edification. Amen."

A parishioner, one of those who do
not sit down and count the cost, un-
dertook to build a house, and invited
his friends and the neighbors to have
a frolic with him in digging the cellar.
After the work was finished the ecen-
tric divine happened to be passing by,
and stopping, addressed him thus:
"Well, Mr. Ritter, you have had a

frolic and digged your cellar. You
had better have another and fill it up
again." Had he heeded the old
man's advice he would have escaped
the misery of pursuit from hungry
creditors, and the necessity of resort
to a more humble dwelling.

A neighboring minister, a mild, in-
offensive man, with whom he was
about to exchange, said to him,
knowing the peculiar bluntness of his
character, " You will find some panes
of glass broken in the pulpit window,
and possibly you may suffer from the
cold. The cushion, too, is in a bad
condition, but I beg of you not to say
anything to my people on the subject.
They are poor," etc. "Oh, no," said
Mr. Adams. But ere he left home he
filled a bag with rags and took it with
him. When he had been in the pul-
pit a short time, feeling somewhat
incommoded by the too free circula-
tion of air, he deliberately took from
the bag a handful or two of rags
and stuffed them into the window.
Towards the close of his discourse,
which was more or less upon the duties
of a people towards their clergyman,
he became very animated, and pur-
posely brought down both fists with a
tremendous force upon the pulpit
cushion. The feathers flew in all
directions, and the cushion was pretty
much used up. He instantly checked
the current of his thought and simply
exclaiming, " Why, how 7 those feath-
ers fly !" proceeded. He had fulfilled
his promise of not addressing the so-
ciety on the subject, but had taught
them a lesson not to be misunder-
stood. On the next Sabbath the win-
dow and cushion were found in excel-
lent repair.

One night this remarkably inde-
pendent and fearless, as well as most

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

3i7

quaint, divine put up at the house of
a Mr. Emerson, the minister of Hollis.
Now his host, as it was the general
custom in those days, took a glass of
bitters every morning, and it so hap-
pened that they were in the closet of
the chamber where Mr. Adams slept.
With the morning came his craving
for bitters. He did not wish to dis-
turb Mr. A., but he was very anxious
to get his dram, and try he must. So
he opened the door softly and crept
slyly to the said closet. Mr. Adams

heard him, but wishing to know what
he would be at, pretended to be
asleep. As soon as he had secured
the prize and was about to make his
escape, Mr. A. broke the profound
silence of the apartment with the ex-
clamation, " Brother Emerson, I have
always heard you were a very pious
man, much given to your closet devo-
tions, but I never caught you at them
before." " Pshaw-pshaw !" replied
his friend, who made for the door and
shut it as soon as he cleverly could.

GEORGE COGSWELL, M. D.

Dr. George Cogswell, born in Atkinson, February 8, 1808, died in Haverhill,
Mass., April 21, 1901.

Dr. Cogswell was a son of the late Dr. William and Judith Badger Cogswell.
He received his early education at Atkinson academy, and graduated from the
Dartmouth Medical college in 1830, with the highest honors of his class, and soon
after located at Bradford, adjacent to Haverhill, Mass., where he quickly estab-
lished a large and lucrative practice.

In the autumn of 184T he visited Europe and spent the following winter in the
hospitals of Paris. In the spring following he visited the principal cities of Italy,
after which he studied for a time in the hospitals of London, and, returning home.
became the leading surgeon and consulting physician in his vicinity. It was
largely due to his efforts that the Essex North Medical association was organized.

In 1844 he received an invitation to fill the chair of a professorship in the
medical department of one of the leading colleges of New England, but he declined
the honor. His leading aim at that time was to elevate the standard of medical
and surgical practice.

In 1849, when the Haverhill Union bank was organized, he was elected its
president, and was also chosen to fill the 'same position in 1S64, when that finan-
cial institution became the First National bank. He held that position until 1894.
During many years he was vice-president of the Haverhill Savings bank.

He was present at the Chapman Hall meeting in Boston when the Republican

3 i8 NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

party of Massachusetts was organized, and from the beginning he was in accord
with the sentiments of that party. In 1858 and the following year he was a mem-
ber of the executive council. He was a delegate from the Sixth district of Massa-
chusetts to the convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln for president in
i860, and in 1862 President Lincoln appointed him collector of internal revenue
for the Sixth district. He held this office four years and was removed by Presi-
dent Johnson, but in 1S70 he was reappointed to the same office by President
Grant, and held the position five years, until 1875, when the district was consoli-
dated with two others. In 1868 he was a member of the Massachusetts electoral
college.

Dr. Cogswell was always deeply interested in educational matters, and for
more than fifty years was a member of the board of trustees of Bradford academy,
and during the greater portion of that time he had the entire direction of its finan-
cial affairs. He was also a member of the board of trustees of Atkinson academy
and of the Peabody academy of Science in Salem, many years. He retired from
the active presidency of Bradford academy seven years ago, and had since been
president emeritus.

August 4, 1 83 1, Dr. Cogswell married Abigail Parker of East Bradford, now
Groveland, Mass. Mrs. Cogswell died July 23, 1845, and December 2, 1846, he
married Elizabeth Doane, a daughter of Elisha B. Doane of Yarmouth, Mass. He
leaves two daughters and a son.

HON. WILLIAM A. HEARD.

William Andrew Heard, born at Wayland, Mass., August 25, 1827, died at
Sandwich, April 15, 1901.

He was the son of William and Susan (Mann) Heard. At the age of fifteen
years he commenced work as a clerk in the store of Timothy Varney at Sandwich
Centre, and at twenty-two commenced trade for himself in a general store in that
place, pursuing the business successfully for twenty-eight years.

In August, 1862, Mr. Heard enlisted in the Fourteenth New Hampshire Volun-
teers, and upon the organization of the regiment was commissioned quartermaster ;
becoming brigade quartermaster in November of the same year, and resigning from
the service in September, 1863, on account of ill health.

In the course of his long residence in Sandwich Mr. Heard held many places
of trust. From 1859 to J 86i he was town clerk; in 1873 and 1874 he repre-
sented the town in the legislature; from 1872 to 1887 he was treasurer of the
Sandwich Savings bank, and from 1874 to 1887 he was clerk of the courts of Car-
roll county.

Mr. Heard gained an enviable reputation as a financier, and in December,
1886, he was appointed national bank examiner for Maine and New Hampshire,
which post he resigned in 1889, when, upon the reorganization of the bank com-
mission, he was appointed a member of the board by Governor Goodell.

He continued in service as a bank commissioner until August, 1893, when he
resigned to accept the receivership of the National Bank of the Commonwealth in
Manchester, the demoralized affairs of which institution he straightened out suc-
cessfully, but at the cost of much vital energy, and the ultimate breaking down of

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY. 319

his health, which necessitated his resignation in 1897, after which time he lived in
comparative retirement, and for the last few months previous to his death, which
resulted from pneumonia, he had been confined to his house.

Mr. Heard is survived by his wife, formerly Miss Emily M. Marston of Sand-
wich, and by three sons, Edwin M. and William of Sandwich, and Arthur M.
Heard of Manchester.

WILLIAM H. DRURY.

William Herbert Drury, a prominent lawyer of Manchester, died in that city,
April 19, 1901.

Mr. Drury was a native of the town of Claremont, born December 22, 1855.
He was educated in the Claremont schools, graduating from the Stevens High
school in 1S76. He spent a year in study at St. Lawrence university. Canton,
N. Y., and then commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. H. W. Parker
at Claremont.

He was admitted to the bar in 1880, and soon after located in practice in
Epping, where he achieved success in his profession and was active in public
affairs, serving as a member of the board of selectmen, and as a delegate in the
constitutional convention of 1889. From Epping he removed to Derry, but was
there but a short time, soon establishing himself in Manchester, where he had his
home for the last ten years or more, and where he was the law partner of Robert
J. Peaslee until the appointment of the latter to the supreme bench in 1898. In
December last Mr. Drury became a partner of David A. Taggart and George H.
Bingham, under the firm name of Taggart, Bingham & Drury.

Mr. Drury was quiet and reserved in manner, strong in his convictions, and
always faithful thereto. Politically he was a Democrat. He married, November
21, 1888, M. Evelyn Tolles, daughter of Edwin W. Tolles of Claremont, who sur-
vives him with two children, Ralph and Ruth.

He was a prominent Free Mason, a past master of the lodge at Epping, and a
member of Trinity Commandery, K. T., of Manchester. He was also a member
of Wildey Lodge, No. 45, I. O. O. F.

COL. J. SUMNER GOVE.

Jonathan Sumner Gove, a native of the town of Acworth, long actively identi-
fied with the Boston police force, died in his native town, April 19, at the age of
about seventy-nine years, though the precise date of his birth is not given in the
genealogy record of the Acworth town history. He was a son of Jonathan Gove
who removed from Weare to Acworth in 1808, and was long prominent in public
affairs, serving in the legislature, as county treasurer, and as a member of the gov-
ernor's staff for two terms. The young man spent his early life on his father's
farm and in the lumber mill which he owned at the outlet of Cold pond, and
became quite prominent in the old state militia, becoming colonel of the Sixteenth
regiment, when quite young. Subsequently he removed to Boston and secured an
appointment on the police force, continuing in the service many years, and gaining
merited promotion, but retired some years since upon a liberal pension, since
when he has had his home in Acworth, where he had retained the ownership of
the old homestead.

3 2o NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

ZEBULON CONVERSE.

Zebulon Converse, a well-known citizen of Cheshire county, died at his home
in East Rindge, March 16, 1901. He was one of thirteen children of Joshua and
Polly (Piper) Converse, and was born in the town where he died, and where he
always resided, May 20, 1822. He was engaged in business in early life with his
brother, Omar D., at Converseville, but subsequently engaged in box manufactur-
ing at the east part of the town, which he continued for some time, but eventually
sold out and took up his residence in the village of East Rindge.

Mr. Converse was a lifelong member of the Congregational church, one of its
strongest supporters, and clerk of the parish for a long term of years. He served
as a member of the board of selectmen from 185 1 to 1856 ; was a representative
in the general court in 1862 and 1863, and a commissioner for Cheshire county
from 1864 to 1867. He was a charter member and past master of Marshall P.
Wilder grange of East Rindge.

August 12, 1845, Mr. Converse married Miss Ann Mixer of Rindge, who died
twenty years ago. Five children were the fruits of thi*s marriage, four of whom
died young. After the death of his first wife Mr. Converse married Mrs. Sarah
R. Fairfield, who, with one daughter by the former, Mrs. Idella E. Gibson of
Rindge, survives him.

CAPT. JOSHUA BROWN.

Capt. Joshua Brown, a well-known yacht builder of Salem, Mass., who died in
that city, April 8, was born in the town of Greenland, in this state, March 28,
1829. He learned the shipbuilding trade under John Carpenter, a famous ship-
builder of Newburyport, Mass. Subsequently he engaged in the fishing business,
and made many trips to the Grand Banks, but ultimately located in Salem, and
was extensively engaged in shipbuilding for many years, constructing very many
fast vessels.

In 1888 Mr. Brown sent the schooner Henry Dennis to Alaska, he going over-
land to the Pacific coast, where he joined her and was absent two years. He was
a member of the Salem common council in i872-"75. He married Miss Ellen A.
Hosmer of Nashua, who died in 1900. He leaves two sons and a daughter.

SYLVANUS T. SARGENT.

Sylvanus Thayer Sargent, the oldest resident of Plymouth, died in that town
April 1 1, at the age of 96 years.

Mr. Sargent was a son of Ebenezer and Prudence (Chase) Sargent, born in
New London, February 12, 1805, and resided in that town, following the occupa-
tion of a brickmaker until forty years of age, when he removed to Franklin. He
subsequently resided for a time in Enfield, but later established his home in Dan-
bury, where he resided many years, extensively engaged in farming, until 1894,
when his second wife died, and he made his home in Plymouth with a son by his
first wife, Herman L. Sargent.

Mr. Sargent was a brother of the late Chief Justice Jonathan E. Sargent. He
was an active member of the Baptist church, and was prominent in town affairs in
Danbury, where his remains were taken for burial. He leaves two sons by his
first wife, who was Miss Emeline Crockett of Danbury, — Herman L. of Plymouth,
and George B. Sargent of Danbury.

Erratum. In the first line of the fourth stanza of the poem " In Other Days,"
on page 269, read yore, instead of "you," as printed.

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Trm Craritc Aontmi^i

Vol. XXX.

JUNE, 1901

No. 6.

TREASURY ADMINISTRATION.

THE CUSTOMS REVENUE — FRAUDULENT METHODS, UNDERVALUATION, AND

SMUGGLING.

By Convei-se J. Smith.

HERE appears to be a
general impression pre-
vailing in the commu-
nity that the great de-
partments of the gov-
ernment are not conducted on the
same good business principles as ob-
tain with mercantile firms and cor-
porations. In fact, it is reasoned that
a government that enacts its own
laws can easily and without diffi-
culty provide for any emergency re-
sulting either from failure to observe
econony or from incompetency of its
officials.

Some information as to the admin-
istration of the treasury department,
acknowledged to be the most important
branch of the government, collecting
during the last fiscal year as duties
on imports alone the enormous sum
of $223,857,956, may prove of inter-
est and profit.

To Alexander Hamilton should be
given the credit of framing the original
customs revenue laws. His was a mas-

ter mind, as is everywhere conceded,
and especially in customs circles.
There have been new laws passed
and many amendments which have
been made necessary by the result
of the rapid growth of the country,
but the fundamental laws as laid
down by Hamilton still continue
and have not been greatly improved
upon.

The United States is divided into
156 customs districts. Of this num-
ber there are 36 in New England.
Massachusetts has 11, Maine 14,
New Hampshire 1, Vermont 2, Con-
necticut 5, and Rhode Island 3. To
defray the expenses of these districts,
and for the purpose of collecting the
revenue, congress, for manj^ years,
has appropriated annually the sum
of $5,500,000, an amount that is
wholly inadequate, hence a defi-
ciency bill must be passed for an ad-
ditional million and one half of dol-
lars. It seems unwise to continue
an appropriation year after year, ac-

to
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TREA S I T R Y AD. MINIS TRA TION.

325

kuowledged to be inadequate, with
the country expanding and expenses
constantly increasing, thereby embar-
rassing the department and all its of-
ficials, and with congress forced later
to provide for the deficiency.

All collectors of customs are re-
quired to deposit with an assistant
treasurer of the United States all
duties collected on imports. At
large ports the deposits are made
daily, and weekly at small ports
where there are few transactions ; the
amount thus deposited is reported by
the collector to the department which
is. a check on the assistant treasurer.
The system is so complete that the
secretary of the treasury finds each
morning on his desk the exact
amount standing to the credit of the
United States, precisely the same as
the president of a national bank is
furnished information as to the bank's
standing. Each month, or quarter,
a collector makes up his estimate for
the expense of collecting revenue,
which includes salaries, rents, and
incidentals, and forwards to the de-
partment, and a check is forwarded
in return, which the collector may
deposit with the assistant treasurer,
or with a national bank that has
become a national depository, and
makes payment by check for the va-
rious amounts. Duties under no cir-
cumstances can be deposited in the
national depository, and instructions
are equally imperative to make all
payments by check.

No appointments or promotions can
be made by a collector of customs,
and no expense incurred without au-
thority first being granted by the de-
partment. If a collector finds the
service requires an additional clerk,
or if customs premises need repairs,

or the revenue boat a coat of paint,
authority must first be obtained.
The department refers the applica-
tion to a special agent in charge of
the agency district who is directed to
investigate, and to submit a report
and recommendation, the purpose be-
ing to secure a report from an official
not an officer of the collector's force,
reporting directly to the secretary of
the treasury, and supposed to have
no interest whatever in the subject
under investigation, so that an un-
biased report is insured. There have
been instances when the expense of
investigation would exceed the total
cost of the amount requested by the
collector, but, as a rule, it results in
economy, and, otherwise, in so large
a country, when all manner of re-
quests are forwarded, the treasury
would soon be drained.

As a result of many years of exper-
ience, I can say that no business
house or corporation watches its ex-
penditures more carefully than does
the treasury department, or is more
willing to meet its just obligations.

There is another error exceedingly
common that requires correction.
The majority of people appear to
believe that they cannot transact
business directly with the govern-
ment, and that their communications
must bear the endorsement of a mem-
ber of congress or a United States
senator. Such a situation would be
absurd. The most humble citizen
may address any of the great depart-
ments at Washington, and he will
always receive a prompt and courte-
ous reply, and any request that is
consistent will be granted; if, by
mistake, the writer addresses his let-
ter to the wrong department, it will
be forwarded ; indeed, anonymous

326

TREA SURY A D MINIS TRA TION.

Hon. Lyman J. Gage.
Secretary of the Treasury.

communications so far as possible are
investigated.

If there is criticism as to delay or
failure it is often more likely to be
chargeable to the applicant who for-
gets that there are seventy millions
of people transacting business with
the government, that the treasury
department is a great hopper where
tons of mail arrive and depart daily,
and that the officials have little time
to read long epistles on matters that
have no connection with the particu-
lar subject, and that oftentimes the
writing is beyond deciphering.

MISAPPROPRIATION OF FUNDS.

The methods that are in vogue in
connection with the entry of mer-
chandise are simple, yet so far-reach-

ing that the government cannot be
robbed without the collusion of a
number of officials, and such frauds
are exceedingly difficult to cover up
for any length of time, as the work
of one official is incomplete by itself,
the second and third officials' records
being a check on the first, and at
ports where there are many transac-
tions one clerk or officer cannot com-
plete the transaction. There are
those who have made such attempts,
but it is well understood that it is
impossible for a customs officer to ap-
propriate public funds for any length
of time without detection. There
was one instance at a port where
there was but one officer, where he
appropriated all the duties collected,
destroying all official records so that

TREA SURY A DM IN IS TRA TION.

327

Gen. Oliver L. Spaulding.

Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, in Charge of C it stems.
A Native af Jaffrey, N. H.

apparently no business was tran-
sacted, and fpr a short time he flour-
ished.

A second illustration of wrong do-
ing was in the case of a cashier at a
large port who was speculating in
stocks. His method was to take the
amount of duties on a single entry,
when it was a considerable sum, and
to defer accounting for the same for a
day or two, then to make good from
an amount paid hy a second importer ;
the duties paid by a third importer
would make good the amount of the
second. In both instances the parties
were promptly detected, placed on
trial, convicted, and punished.

UNDERVALUATION FRAUDS.

The losses to the customs revenue

are considerable through smuggling,
but this is not the principal avenue
for perpetrating frauds, as the public
are led to believe. The erroneous
impression, no doubt, is due to the
publicity given through the press to
the methods of those engaged in
smuggling, it being a subject of gen-
eral interest. It is by the undervalu-
ation of merchandise that the govern-
ment suffers the greatest losses, and
the frauds in this direction represent
millions of dollars.

The public may not be aware that
the importing business in this coun-
try is principally in the hands of for-
eigners ; that American firms, in their
own country, have been driven from
the field as importers. It is not re-
markable, under these circumstances,

328

TREAS UR Y AD MINIS TRA TION.

that many of the foreign importers
thrive by their dishonest and fraudu-
lent practices, having little or no in-
terest in this country beyond their
own pecuniary gains, and having lit-
tle regard for their oaths. Honest
and reliable American firms will not
be a party to such frauds, hence can-
not successfully compete with under-
values.

There are many manufacturers
abroad who will not accept orders
from American firms for their manu-
factured products if intended for di-
rect shipment ; this is especially true
as to silks, dress goods, laces, em-
broideries, etc. If a buyer, repre-
senting a reputable house in Boston,
calls on such a manufacturer he is
informed that his order will be en-
tered, and the merchandise forwarded
from New York by their agent and
invoiced at currency prices. There
can be but one interpretation, — the
agent is in reality a member of the
corporation and profits by under-
valuation, and some system exists by
which the government is defrauded,
or there could be no objection to
shipping direct to the Boston firm,
who would make an honest entry at
the custom house.

It may be thought easy to discover
such undervaluation, but it is found
most difficult. The manufacturer
ships his entire product to his agent,
hence there is no possible way to
make comparison with consignments
to other importers, and the manufac-
turer, being on foreign territory, if
called upon for information as to
values, is not inclined to furnish the
same, and there is no law to compel
him.

It is a humiliating situation, but it
is none the less true, that Boston

firms, to-day, are forced to place
their orders for certain classes of
goods with agents in New York, rep-
resenting foreign manufacturers, and
realize, for reasons stated, that they
cannot import themselves. The dis-
honest importers adopt every con-
ceivable method to defraud the reve-
nue ; for instance, with bales of to-
bacco, which is invoiced as leaf
tobacco, presumably filler tobacco,
duty on which is thirty-five cents
per pound. Many hundred bales
will be entered at the same time ;
usually ten per cent, is sent to the
public stores for examination. There
may be wrapper tobacco in the lot
dutiable at $1.75 per pound, but the
importer trusts to good fortune that
none of the bales will be selected for
examination, simply takes the risk,
and if, by accident, such is discov-
ered, it is alleged that it was shipped
by a mistake and will be exported to
Canada.

Vast quantities of alizarine colors,
under various names, are imported
from Germany, composed, perhaps,
of several ingredients, one of which,
being a chief component part, will
determine the value and rate of duty.
A chemical analysis only can deter-
mine the question. A second impor-
tation, invoiced like the first, will be
so changed that there exists the
greatest doubts as to the component
parts ; the merchandise may be ad-
vanced by local appraisers, appeal
taken by the importer to the board
of general appraisers ; expert evi-
dence is called, and if invoice value
is found correct, or the advance sus-
tained, then, with either result, the
government, or the importer, may
take the question to the courts, where
years may be required for adjudica-

TREASUR Y ADMINISTRA TION.

329

tion. Meanwhile invoices covering
all importations are held for liquida-
tion, pending the decision of the
courts.

A New York importer recently en-
tered at Boston several hundred min-
ers' hats that were saturated with
rosin. The broker, acting under

hundred dollars as additional duties,
and a good sum as penalty for fraudu-
lent entry. When advances are made
at New York the importers will often
have one or more importations en-
tered at smaller ports, New Haven,
Hartford, or Springfield, and fre-
quently try Boston, hoping the ap-

Charles H. Hain.

President of General Appraisers, New York.
A Native of Canterbury, X. II.

the instructions of the importer,
made entry as manufacture of rosin
at twenty per cent. As the result of
a chemical analysis, it was discovered
that the hats were made of the very
best quality of felt and the proper
classification made the same dutiable
at forty-four cents per pound and
sixty per cent, ad valorem, a double
duty, resulting in collecting several

praising officers have not learned of
the advances.

These are only a few of the
methods adopted by dishonest im-
porters in connection with under-
valuations ; one fraud is discounted
to-day, another to-morrow, but the
importers continue to flourish, dis-
covering new avenues by which they
can defeat the revenue laws.

33°

TJREA S UR Y A DM IN IS TRA TION.

SMUGGLERS AND THEIR SCHEMES.

Smugglers are equally expert, and
devise novel schemes to avoid pay-
ment of duty. Smugglers have ad-
vanced in methods as well as the rest
of the world. They will use all sorts
of strategy and trickery in trying to
deceive customs officers.

It is undoubtedly true that the av-
erage man does not look upon smug-
gling as a very serious offense, yet
the revised statutes provide, upon
conviction, both imprisonment and
fine, and United States Judge Webb
recently, at Portland, Me., in passing
sentence on a smuggler, declared
that there was no difference between
smuggling and stealing from the
bank safe, and all convicted of the
offense would not escape with fines,
but would receive prison sentence.

One of the most persistent smug-
glers is a Canadian furrier. He car-
ries an immense stock, claiming to
be valued at one million of dollars ;
drivers of carriages in his city are
subsidized so that all tourists, with-
out consultation, are driven to his
place of business. The furrier well
understands that tourists, as a rule,
will meet their obligations, hence
they are received with courtesy,
shown through the establishment,
and politely informed that if they
did not come prepared to purchase
they can remit at their convenience.
If the tourist inquires as to duties he
will be told to wear out the garment,
and that he has authority to do so. If
the garment is to be manufactured,
either the furrier will agree to de-
liver at the residence of the customer
in the states, or will accept a nominal
sum as duties. In either case he
smuggles the package, while the gov-

ernment receives nothing, the furrier
appropriating the amount collected
for payment of duties.

To carry on his fraudulent business
he has employed Wagner, Monarch,
and Pullman car conductors and por-
ters ; he has appropriated United
States mail sacks that were being
returned from Canada empty, and
placed his packages therein ; private
yachts and sailing vessels have been
made to do his bidding, and when
driven from one avenue by the vigi-
lance of customs officers, he opens up
new routes. Three men who acted
as his agents have been arrested,
tried, convicted, and served terms in
the penitentiary, and the arch smug-
gler himself only avoided arrest some
time since by leaping from the train
between Newport and White River
Junction, Vt., and under an assumed
name and in disguise succeeded in
reaching Montreal.

Tourists from Maine to California,
innocent, perhaps, of any intention of
defrauding the revenue, have been
duped by this furrier, and furs pur-
chased have either been seized as
having been illegally imported, or
the parties have paid fines that have
equaled the duties.

The fashionable dressmakers in
the large cities have been persistent
smugglers and undervalues, and
given officers a vast amount of trou-
ble.

Recently, radical changes have
been effected at New York by the
removal of inspectors, as examiners
of baggage on dock, and the appoint-
ment of clerks in their places, largely
to detect such frauds, and the re-
ceipts have been greatly increased.

One dressmaker recently made a
declaration under oath that she had

7 RE A SURY A DM IN IS ERA TION.

33^
1

Custom House, Boston. Mass.

nothing dutiable, yet, upon examina-
tion, a number of Worth's costumes
were found, valuable laces secreted
in the sleeves of the dresses, kid
gloves by the dozen pairs, and other
goods, the duties amounting to $2,300,
and, in addition, a large penalty was
paid, while her attorney's fees were
no small item.

Some years since another dress-
maker arrived in Boston, also mak-
ing a declaration of nothing dutiable ;
the officer assigned to make the ex-
amination found $150 in gold in a
slipper placed directly on top of her
effects, presumably intended as a
bribe to an inspector. This woman
paid $1,500 in duties.

Diamonds under the Canadian
tariff are admitted free ; the duty
under our present tariff is ten per
cent. A few months since a large
lot of diamonds reached Montreal

by registered mail ; when the party
called for them he was shadowed and
followed to Niagara Falls ; as soon
as he stepped on to American terri-
tory he was arrested and searched, but
no diamonds were discovered. The
official was amazed, but remembered
seeing a newly married couple with
the smuggler and made inquiry of
them. "Yes, we are acquainted with
this man, and he handed us a small
package." The couple were entirely
innocent of any wrong intention, hav-
ing been imposed upon by the smug-
gler, and were greatly surprised to
learn of the value of the package that
they had smuggled across the line. It
was not a happy bridal trip, as the)'
were detained in jail as witnesses.
The smuggler in due time pleaded
guilty and is now in prison serving
his term. The diamonds were for-
feited to the government and sold at

332

TREA SURY A DM IN IS TRA TION.

public auction for over thirty thou-
sand dollars.

Those engaged in petty smuggling
are often exceedingly clever and dis-
play much shrewdness. In some of
the districts of Maine during the win-
ter season, the St. John river being
frozen, the ice becomes an artificial
bridge and new roads are made
through the woods. When the farm-
ers have a load of grain, potatoes,
beef, or other merchandise that they
wish to smuggle, the trip is generally
by night ; often a boy on horseback is
sent in advance to ascertain if any
customs officer is along the line ; if so,
to give the alarm. Not long ago the
outrider discovered an officer, but the
farmer was not given sufficient time
to turn his heavy two-horse team,
and when found, he had cut the
traces of one of the horses supposed
to be of value, and escaped to New
Brunswick, leaving the remaining
horse, grain, and sled to be seized,
the horse being valueless. The
smugglers are careful to use on such
occasions old horses, of no value, so
that in case of seizure their loss will
be confined to farm products.

Eggs shipped in barrels will be
found to contain a hundred dozen
Canadian socks or mittens, and egg
cases and trunks are discovered with
false bottoms for secreting valuable
goods.

One Byron E. Eurchin of Pem-
broke, Me., boldly smuggled 167,000
pounds of Canadian wool, last sea-
son, and for a short time apparently
prospered. His method was to ship
the wool from St. John, N. B., to
Grand Manan, an island off the coast
of Eastport, and part of the domain
of Canada, then with a small schoon-
er to run the wool across to a small

station on New Washington County
railroad and consign to Boston
parties, disposing of the same as
wool grown in Maine. Some of the
wool had gone into consumption
prior to the discovery of Eurchin's
fraudulent methods, but seizures
were made in Boston, Eowell, and
Bristol, R. I., and the wool forfeited
to the government. Eurchin, not
wishing to take the chances of arrest
and trial, and before the officers could
apprehend him, fled to foreign terri-
tory, where he has since remained.
This was not his first offense as a
smuggler. A few months prior a
schooner loaded with herring from
Grand Manan was seized at Eubec
and both vessel and cargo forfeited
to the government. In connection
with this case there was brought to
Boston one Elmer W. Morang as a
witness. It was believed that he
had perjured himself, and he was
subsequently arrested, tried, and con-
victed of perjury, and later made a
full confession. He is now serving
time in prison for that offense.

THE "LINE .STORE" DEVICE.

The customs revenue suffers great
loss by smuggling in connection with
so-called " line stores," merchants
along the frontier having erected
their stores with the boundary line
running through their buildings, one
half of the store being in the United
States and the other half in Canada.
There are in the states of Maine and
Vermont forty-four such stores, and
in addition a large number of store-
houses used in connection with the
smuggling of farm products ; also
many buildings on the Canadian side
devoted entirely to the same purpose.
The line stores are so arranged that

IRE A SURY A D MINIS TRA 7 ION.

333

Canadian merchandise will be found
on shelves in Canada and American
goods displayed on the side of the
store that is in the United States ;
this enables the merchant to defraud
both the United States and Canadian
revenue. Usually the stores have
two entrances; purchasers buyiug on
the American side are requested to
depart by the American entrance,
and those purchasing on the Cana-
dian side are directed to go out
through the Canadian door.

Maine being a prohibition state,
there are many line stores near the
boundary line on the New Brunswick
side carrying exclusively a stock of
liquor. There are many stores with
similar stocks on the American side.
During the last three years the pro-
hibitory laws of the state, Maine,
have been laxly enforced, hence such
line stores have not been as promi-
nent, but the reawakening of the sub-
ject of temperance, and the closing
of many saloons in the state, will
wonderfully increase the activity of
these stores, and their business will
be more profitable.

Hay, grain, beans, tea, poultry,
sugar, liquors, tobacco, eggs, mit-
tens, stockings, and other merchan-
dise are smuggled into the United
States. Kerosene oil, shelf hard-
ware, agricultural implements, alco-
hol, all classes of manufactured
goods, are smuggled from the United
States to Canada. So shrewd are
these smugglers that grain in bags is
often piled so that one half of the bag
will be found in each country.

It is believed that Canada suffers
to a greater extent than does the
United States, yet in one collection
district in New England, could the
officers have collected last year all

the revenue for merchandise im-
ported contrary to law by line stores,
it is believed the receipts would have
been increased forty thousand dollars.
Our laws are strict, providing that,
in case dutiable merchandise is de-
posited or carried through said stores,
without payment of duty, the same

Custom House, Wrangel, Alaska.

shall be seized, forfeited, and dis-
posed of according to the law, and
the building shall be forthwith taken
down and removed, and any person con-
victed as principal or as having aided
therein in violation of law, shall be
punishable by a fine of not more than
ten thousand dollars, or imprison-
ment for not more than two years, or
both.

A serious difficulty for American
customs officers as to demolishing
such stores is to determine the exact
boundary line, on account of the lia-
bility in civil suits, if the property
destroyed was actually on foreign ter-
ritory. It is believed that inasmuch

334

TREA SURY A D MINIS TRA TION.

as the revenue of both the United
States and Canada is being defrauded
in large sums, joint action will be
taken by the two governments at an
early day, and the line stores demol-
ished along the frontier.

Customs officers are not always suc-
cessful in ferreting out smugglers,
and often have exciting adventures
and interesting experiences. One
smuggler on the coast line of Maine
sent out quotations all over the coun-
try offering opium at a price that in-
dicated that the same had been ille-
gally imported. A bright, shrewd
officer was assigned to run the smug-
gler down. In due time a box that
was being forwarded by express ex-
cited the officer's suspicions. He
discovered that the merchandise was
packed in tin boxes, making him mor-
ally certain that the contents was
opium as the drug is invariably
packed in tin. The officer shadowed
the box, following it on board a
steamer for Boston, and when well
out to sea the captain was made ac-
quainted with the case, and the box
brought up and opened and found to
contain bibles packed in tin, to pre-
vent danger by water or moisture.
Another surprise w r as in store for the
officer. Finding that the smuggler
was interested in mercantile busi-
ness, he returned as a traveling sales-
man and succeeded in obtaining an
order for his store, and on being in-
troduced to his family, was given an

order for engraved wedding invita-
tions for a daughter about to be mar-
ried. The salesman was anxious to
make some money and the merchant
was not slow in advancing a way, by
selling him some opium. He related
how he had ordered from Quebec
and that he could take it across the
border without payment of duties,
and a large profit could be realized.
He was honest in saying that he had
taken a sample to Boston, and al-
though he had made low quotations
to the Chinese, after examination,
they turned away and laughed at
him. The opium being shown the
salesman, it was found to be crude
opium, entitled to free entry, pre-
pared or smoking opium only being
dutiable. It is to be presumed that
in time the smuggler discovered that
he had been imposed upon, and the
salesman did not find it necessary to
solicit further at that place.

There may be a fascination about
smuggling if parties have no com-
punctions as to defrauding the reve-
nue ; many may profit thereby; others
may escape arrest and imprisonment,
but it is also true that more or less
are apprehended and punished ac-
cording to law. The risk is too
great, even if there is no moral sen-
timent as to wrong doing. Mer-
chandise smuggled may be seized
any time within three years, and
there is no limit as to placing parties
on trial for frauds.

■« .->

<5J

-ft

THE MOUNTAIN.

By Hale Howard Richardson.

Touching the bounds of infinite space you lift your hoary head,
Braving the passionate storm of endless aeons of time,
Bared to the hurricane wind, on your brow the ice- king's tread
Finds you unflinching, stern, unmoved in your height sublime.

Shoulders unmantled in green, verdure eternal as thou,
Fir, hemlock, and spruce, that crash with the battling gale;
Halo'd about with a spray dashed from thy snowy brow,
Or glinting an emerald sheen in the sunbeam's golden trail.

Boulders all shattered and torn, deep 'neath the branches lie,
Cushioned in thickest moss, moist with the kiss of a cloud.
Tossed on the breast of the mount by a power that naught could defy,
Shapelessly, aimlessly hurled, dreadful impassable crowd.

Cliffs overhanging the depths where bidest the shadow of night ;
Depths which the flaming sun never has touched with his glare,
But which the glimmering stars fathom with lines of light,
And only the owls or the bats to challenge the solitudes there !

Down from the frowning cliffs, from the hardy pine and spruce,

Here is a softer clime, where genial zephyrs blow,

Whispering to maple, and birch, and oak of a happy truce

To the battling gales that rage above 'mid blighting frost and snow.

Here 'tis where Nature charms the sense in richest, loveliest dress,
Gorgeous in myriad tints, blending a thousand shades ;
Whilst in the perfumed air, songsters their joys express
From the first blush of dawn till fairy twilight fades.

Sparkling the rivulets gleam 'neath the shade of the ivory birch,
Cries o'er its pebbly bed, and sighs at its moss-edged confines,
It had leaped from the beetling cliff in a burst of passionate search
For the rest, that is always beyond, to be won when all self it resigns.

Dazzling the sheen of the lake, in its bossing of emerald tints,

'Neath the midday glare of the sun, when the wind gods are silent in sleep,

Crimson, and purple, and gold are the glories his setting imprints,

While the wonder and splendor of night are immersed in the fathomless deep.

Woodland, and river, and lake, and the meadow's blossom-starred sward,
Dipping and stretching away to the edge of the world-confined sea,
But the mountain stands grandly aloft, piercing the depths unexplored,
Of the vastness stretching away to the edge of infinity.

Dr. Fred J. Brockway.

DR. FRED J. BROCKWAY.

By Sarah M. Bailey.

HERE are those, born
a m ong these rugged
hills and rocks, who are
content to remain here
and glean from their na-
tive land that which is within their
reach. Others long for the wealth of
knowledge that lies beyond, only to
be gained by hard study and close ap-
plication, and mingling with the out-
side world.

The subject of this sketch belonged
to the latter class.

When a small boy he evinced a de-
sire for books, often performing his
simple home duties with a book
tucked under his jacket. If missing,

he could be traced to a favorite nook,
where, book in hand, he was forget-
ful of everything else.

He roamed the fields and woods for
specimens, both animate and inani-
mate. It was with no boyish cruelty
that he dissected the insects and
smaller animals, but that he might
know how they were made. At a
very early age he was well versed in
the anatomy of many of the creatures
that could be found upon the home
farm. He began when in his early
teens to arrange his future course of
study. Every obstacle was laid aside
with the words, " I must get learn-
ing, whatever the cost ; whatever the

DR. FRED J. BROCKWAY.

337

sacrifice needed I must go to college."
Step by step the way opened before
this ambitious youth.

The world will never know the long
and patient hours of toil, cheerfully
given, to provide a ladder by which
the sons from many an humble home
may mount to high positions in the
world. That they reach these heights
and are fitted to fill honorable and
trustworthy places, is ample reward
for all sacrifices made to attain this
end.

From the humble school in Jewett
Road this sturdy youth went to Til-
ton Academy, where he graduated at
the age of seventeen. Then came the
life at college (Yale), where he grad-
uated in the class of 18S2. The years
of study had given him high honors,
and he turned his face toward his
chosen life-work bravely, at the age
of twenty-two years. During his
school days he had been a general
favorite, so genial was his manner to
all, and throughout his short life he
gathered about him a large circle of
friends.

For two years he taught in King's
school in Stamford, Conn. The time
had now arrived when he was to take
up the study of the profession in
which he was to distinguish himself
as a profound thinker and a devoted
student, one who studied that the
world might be the wiser for his hours
of labor.

The year 1S87 found him in the
College of Physicians and Surgeons,
in New York, where he distinguished
himself as a young man of rare abil-
ity. The following two years spent
as house surgeon at the Roosevelt
Hospital in New York were like a
continuation of school work to his
active, searching mind ; and, while he

ministered with a tender touch to
the varied cases before him, he was
making each case a study which
in time was to benefit the medical
world.

When the Johns Hopkins Hospital,
in Baltimore, Md., was opened Dr.
Brockway was appointed resident
surgeon, and filled the place accepta-
bly until the fall of 1890, when he re-
turned to New York and commenced
the practice of medicine. Not con-
tent with this tax upon his strength,
he accepted other positions which
were pressed upon him. He became
assistant demonstrator and lecturer in
the New York College of Physicians
and Surgeons, and secretary of the
faculty.

So firm a friend was wanted every-
where, and his membership in a long
list of medical societies attests the es-
teem in which he was held. His
close and continued application to
study has given to the world two very
valuable books.

His brain and pen were often busy
far into the night. The boy brain had
developed to that of the man, and the
child's small beginnings culminated
in the writing of a work on anatomy
of great value. He also wrote one on
" Physics and Chemistry."

Wholly indifferent to the condition
of his health, which through all these
years had been firm, he being of fine
physique, he gave himself little rest.
His many friends urged him to take
longer intervals of rest and recreation,
but, overestimating his power of en-
durance, he pushed onward. His
visits to his native state were periods
of great pleasure to him. He loved
every rock and hill and forest. Once
upon the homestead farm, among
those he loved, he threw off all re-

xxx— il

338

LINES WRITTEN ON SEEING A PORTRAIT.

straint and was a boy again. His
bright, cheery manner, so natural at
all times and in all places, was a de-
light to all around him. The friend-
ships formed in youth were never for-
gotten, and his home comings gave
pleasure to many outside the home
roof.

Modest in his bearing, unassuming
in manner, he made no boasts, and
from his lips there fell no words to
tell the heights to which, through
persistent effort, he had risen.

In 1 89 1 Dr. Brockway married
Marion Turner of Mt. Savage, Md.
The union was blessed with that
sacred happiness in which the world
has no part. Two daughters com-
pleted the family circle.

A part of the year 1894 was mem-
orable for a trip to Scotland, combin-
ing study and pleasure. The greater
part of the time was spent in Edin-
burgh, in study, and from this center
Dr. and Mrs. Brockway took many
excursions, gathering information at
every turn. With his keen insight of
human nature he stored his mind with
the habits and customs of other coun-
tries. A heavy sorrow followed his
return to America, in the death of his
only sister.

Last summer the doctor went to the
Adirondacks, for a complete rest,
after an unusually hard winter's
work, at the urgent request of his
medical friends, who saw how great
was his need of quiet, uninterrupted
rest. In July he was taken suddenly
ill, after which time he failed stead-
ily. Just prior to his illness the offer
of a professorship in the leading col-
lege of the country was tendered him ;
but, not feeling strength for the work,
he was obliged to decline the position
for which he had spent a lifetime in
fitting himself.

The best medical skill the country
affords came to his bedside, and by
their advice he was taken to Brattle-
boro, Vt., in the hope that the quiet
of the place and the medical attend-
ance might restore his exhausted
nerve power. Alas ! it was too late,
His life had been sacrificed to scien-
tific research. Attended by his wife,
he gradually sank to rest Sunday,
April 21, 1 901.

Dr. Brockway was born in South
Sutton, Feb. 24, i860. He was the
son of John G. and Amanda Brockway
of Hopkintou, who survive him, they
having removed from Sutton when
the doctor was an infant.

LINES WRITTEN ON SEEING A PORTRAIT.

By Charles Henry Chesley.

This face bespeaks the purity of spring,

These eyes reveal the heights of love uutrod.

O maid, be thine the best that life can bring,
Love's heritage, the rarest gift of God.

MONUMENT ROCK.
By S. E. H olden.

A moss-grown rock, a relic of the past,

Whose ragged sides, swept by the autumn blast

And winter's chilling storms, are gray with age.

Loved Nature, strange and grand in every page

Of all her wondrous book upon its face

By storms and frosts has wrought a level space.

Rough steps, which have the storms of time defied

Are hewn upon its riven granite side.

Behold, a scene most beautiful and grand. ,

Cloud-clapped Chocorua, from her ancient stand

Looks down upon the pine-clad hills below

And sparkling brooks that through the valleys flow.

The placid lake is seen amid the trees,

And now, anon 'tis ruffled by the breeze

And o'er its surface skims the hunter's bark

As game he seeks upon its waters dark.

Beside this rock and near 3^011 murmuring brook

Were once the wigwams of the Pennacook.

Go back with me a hundred years or more.

Cold winter with its ice and snow is o'er,

The newly springing grass and flowers fair

Are breathing forth their sweetness on the air.

In beauty, on the rising hill is seen

The rustic cabin in the sloping green,

Cleared by the woodman's axe, and near at hand

A group of children, pride of all the land.

They pluck the new-blown flowers, and full of joy

In harmless sport, their busy hands employ.

They wander by the brook, and in its bed

Search for bright pebbles, or by fancy led

In joy forgetful of all else beside,

They sail their tiny boats upon its tide.

Now through the field they wander to a rock

Moss-grown and gray, and climbing to its top

Amuse themselves by throwing from its height

The brook-worn pebbles, sparkling in the light.

A bright-eyed boy, the eldest of the group,

340 MONUMENT ROCK.

Who, in their sports, led on the little troop,

At once seemed filled with thoughts beyond his years,

Ah, yes, he looks beyond his childish fears.

In vision bright, he sees the future rise

Like Eden's home before his raptured eyes.

Like birds of passage in the summer sky,

The happy hours of childhood quickly fly.

The child becomes a youth, the youth, a man,

Almost before with hurried eye we scan

His swift career. But yet these fleeting years

Were not like empty husks, without the ears

Of yellow corn. Although denied the hoard

Of classic lore that college walls afford,

His mind was stored with truth, and for the days

In which he lived, was skilled in wisdom's ways.

While e'en a child, he formed a steadfast plan

To preach God's word and bless his fellow-man.

His heart was filled with love for all mankind,

And leaving baser motives far behind,

He strove upon a noble course to rise,

" God's will, my will. I ask no greater prize

Than with this feeble stamm'ring tongue of mine

To tell to all the love of Christ divine."

'Tis summer. Beside the rock a little band

Of earnest Christians, strong in duty, stand.

The spreading oaks, in robes of green arrayed,

Afford them all the welcome, cooling shade.

Upon the rock are those whose words proclaim

The tidings of salvation, through the name

Of Christ. With joy to-day they preach this truth,

For with them stands in budding strength, a youth

About to be endowed with right to unfold

Repentance and salvation to the world.

Like incense on that Sabbath morn they raise

Their heartfelt prayers and joyful notes of praise.

The word was preached, well fitting time and place,

To cheer them all to seek the heavenly grace.

An honored father, truly loved by each,

Then said, " Take thou authority to preach

God's word, committed to thee in the name

Of Father, Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.

> >

The spires of village churches had not thrown
Their shadows round the rustic, northern home,
And when the storms of winter blew around,

MONUMENT ROCK. 341

And shrouded with a robe of white the ground,
When cold winds raged upon the mountain side,
A neighboring cot the lack of church supplied.
When spring had shone upon the northern hills,
And birds made music with the sparkling rills,
When summer came, on swift wings borne along,
Gilding the fruit and ears of ripening corn,
When beauteous autumn brought her train
Of rustling leaves and fields of waving grain,
From far around there gathered to this rock,
Of young and old, a goodly Christian flock,
To hear the holy word proclaimed, and praise
Their God, so glorious in his works and ways.

A year passed by, and golden autumn came

With rosy fruit and fields of tasseled grain,

Beneath the sway of Cere's magic wand,

The teeming earth, in beauteous robes adorned,

Was bringing forth the harvest to the toil

Of industry upon the fertile soil.

The leaves now dying on the forest trees

Were tipped with rainbow tints, and in the breeze

Shone bright with colors beautiful. Again

A joyous band with kindred spirits came

And tarried at the rock beside the way.

It was a long-remembered, cherished day

To all amid that group of happy hearts, —

A bridal day as known before the arts

Of fashion had removed simplicity,

Twin grace and ornament of charity.

Upon the rock to greet the happy pair

Are gathered round the beautiful and fair.

From happy homes and hearthstones have they come,

With hope of future years and joys unknown.

The parson from a distant village came.

The heavy hand of Time had bent his frame,

But in his eye beamed cheerfulness and truth,

Beloved of all, and most of all, the youth.

And then at last the bride and bridegroom came,

And in their joyous faces was a flame

Of purest love, as holy and serene

As ever shone in homes of wealth or fame.

The bridegroom, he, who but a year ago,

Upon this rock received command to go

And tell the love of Christ to all mankind,

Faith, patience, love, and holiness combined

342 MONUMENT ROCK.

Prepared him for his work. His heart was love
To all the world and to his Lord above.
By God himself commissioned to proclaim
The eternal wisdom, in his Saviour's name.

The bride in robes of white an angel seemed ;

Her brow serene and calm, and eyes that beamed

With love and joy. A blush was on her cheek

Like evening tint, when rays of sunset seek

To tinge the wavy clouds of heaven anew,

Or like the fragrant moss rose, with the dew

Of morning sparkling on its beauteous crest,

A loving heart and true. Heaven freely blessed

This chosen one with qualities of mind

To help the weak and elevate mankind.

She sought to mould her life to God's own plan

And prove herelf " Heaven's last, best gift to man."

The parson rose, and calling blessings down,

By simple rite, then joined their hearts in one.

Then homeward turned their steps, the happiest pair

Of all that joyous group, and freely there

The young and gay from far around strewed flowers,

And made their path seem much like Eden's bowers.

What happy greetings then, in sportive strife,

Cheered them to love through all the scenes of life.

The children, too, their infant voices raise

In notes of joy and rustic song of praise.

The leafy forest catches up the strain

And quick, in echoes, rings it back again.

The little birds, while twittering in their glee,

Join in their notes of sweetest melody,

Till all conspired the notes of joy prolong,

And all the air is filled with heavenly song.

With passing years, a change comes on the air,

The Sabbath bell now tolls the hour of prayer.

Within the sacred desk, an old man may

Be seen, whose head with silvery locks is gray.

The marks of care are on his noble brow,

But still, that upright form shows even now

It is the noble one, o'er whom the tide

Of years has passed since he received his bride,

And charge to preach God's word to all his flock,

One autumn day upon yon moss-grown rock.

His life was spent according to the plan
He formed in youth, to bless his fellow-man.

MONUMENT ROCK. 343

He pointed to the flight of all below,

To life and death, to happiness and woe.

He warned the careless of the wrath to come,

Of punishment and everlasting doom.

He gave the wavering strength, and stayed the hand

That strove to spread destruction o'er the land,

And to the hopeless gave he hope to wield

The sword, and bind upon their breasts the shield

And panoply of God. " He offered terms

Of pardon, grace and peace," to those who turned

From all the paths of sin. Men heard with fear

And felt that in his presence God was near,

Proclaiming through his messenger his love

For all mankind. He told the joys above,

The crowns and kingdoms of that heavenly home,

The praise of angels round the eternal throne.

A multitude of souls, with sins forgiven,

Bless him with tears, as, on their way to hfeaven,

They near the shining portals of the tomb,

Bereft of all its darkness, fear, and gloom.

Long years have passed, and on the mountain road,
" We tread the paths our honored fathers trod,"
And as we journey 'mid the vales and hills,
A scene appears, that all with pleasure thrills.
Above, the lofty furrowed mountains rise
And hold their craggy cliffs high in the skies.
And near, encompassed with a wall of green,
The crystal lake with many an isle is seen.
Upon its banks, among the groves of pine,
The village churches stand in faith sublime.
And yonder rises close beside the way,
In pleasant shade, a rock moss-grown and gray.
This rock is linked with many a past event
And on its summit is a monument
Which tells of him who, many years ago,
Upon this rock received command to go
And preach to all mankind Christ crucified.
Here he with joy received his happy bride.
Here was his labor. From this storm-worn rock
He preached God's word to all his listening flock.
And with his loved one by his side, he lies
Beside this lasting rock that typifies
His faith in God, and hope that with the blest
He may enjoy in heaven eternal rest.

JUNE, THE BATTLE MONTH.

By Fred Myron Colby.

UNE is called by the
poets the Month of
Roses, and it is a beau-
tiful name for a beauti-
ful month, but it quite
as appropriately deserves another
title, for it is the season in which
some of the greatest battles of his-
tory have been fought, and in which
were achieved many of it most mem-
orable triumphs.

It is a time entitled to be called
the month of conflicts, for though
great battles have been fought in
other mouths, in no other month
were there so many decisive battles,
or if not decisive in every instance
they were of unusual proportions and
importance. Every one of these fair
days from the first to the thirtieth,
inclusive, is the anniversary of a
battle which will have an enduring
place in the memory of man. En-
sanguined with gore they stand out-
lined on the canvas of the past,
crowned rather with incarnadined
steel than a garland of roses. Let
us glance over the pages of his-
tory and thence select the battles
in order as they occur through the
blood-stained days of the battle-
month :

June i. The anniversary of two
of the battles of our Civil War ; those
of Fair Oaks and of Seven Pines in
the year 1862. In 1859 the battle
of Palestro opened the great Italian
war, which resulted in the regenera-
tion of Italy. On that day in 1666

Prince Rupert and the Duke of Al-
bermarle fought a naval engagement
with the Dutch fleet.

June 2. Sir Egre Coote defeated
Hyder Ali near Arnee in 1782. In
1864 occurred the battle of Cold Har-
bor, one of the most notable conflicts
of the Rebellion.

June 3. The battle of the Krimisas
in Sicily, between the Carthaginians
and the Greeks of Saracuse under
Timoleon, was fought on this dav,
B. C. 342. It must be considered
one of the great battles of history,
for the combatants numbered over
a hundred thousand men, and being
decisive it gave Greek Sicily rest for
a long while. In 1665 there was a
great naval battle between the Eng-
lish and Dutch fleets in the North
Sea. Two hundred and fifty ships
were in the action. The Dutch were
defeated.

June 4. In 1799 the battle of Lu-
rich occurred, in which the French
under Massena defeated the Aus-
trians under the Archduke Charles.
In 1859 the great battle of Magenta
was fought between the combined
forces of the French and Sardinians
and the Austrians, terminating in the
defeat of the latter.

June 5. In 1794 the Russians de-
feated the Poles under Kosciusko, on
the Vistula. In 1081 Robert Guis-
card, the Norman conqueror of Sicily,
won the battle of Dyrrachinne over
the Byzantine emperor, Alexius Com-
nenus.

JUNE, THE BATTLE MONTH.

345

June 6. Fort}-- eight years before
Christ the battle of Pharsalia made
Julius Caesar the master of the Ro-
man world, and established the em-
pire. In 1 8 13 the battle of Stony
Creek was fought between the Ameri-
cans under General Chandler and the
British commanded by Lord Vincent,
resulting in the defeat of the latter.

June 7. In 109S the sack of An-
tioch occurred, being one of the im-
portant issues of the First Crusade.
On this day in 1673 there was a
naval action between the Dutch and
the combined English and French
fleets. In 1793 the battle of Chelou
was fought between the Poles and
the Russians.

June 8. The crusading forces un-
der the command of Richard Plan-
tagenet, king of England, won the
battle of Jaffa over the Saracens,
which paved the way for the reseiz-
ure of Jerusalem in 1191. In 1807
Gudstadt was carried by assault by
the French, the Russians losing sev-
eral thousand in killed and captured.

June 9. The battle of Sieverhauseu
in 1553 between Maurice of Saxon}'
and Albert of Brondenburg was lost
by the latter, who had four thousand
of his soldiers killed on the battle-
field. On this date, also, the Boston
Riot took place, that being the first
instance of armed resistance made by
the colonies against the crown.

June 10. B. C. 371, Epaminon-
das gained the battle of Leuctra,
which elevated Thebes to a first- class
power among the Grecian states and
humbled Sparta, which had been
paramount from the period of the
Peloponnesian War. In 1429 Jeanne
d' Arc defeated the English under
Eord Talbot at Patay. June 10, 1S00,
was fought the action of Montebello

in Italy, in which the Austrians were
defeated by the French. June 10,
1S61, the battle of Big Bethel was
fought between the federal and con-
federate forces.

June 11. In 148S James the Third
of Scotland was defeated and slain
by his rebel lords at the battle of
Sanchieburn. In 1798 Malta was
captured after a long siege by the
English fleet.

June 12. B. C. 201, the battle of
Tama was fought, which broke the
power of Hannibal and made Car-
thage tributary to Rome. In 11 12
the Christian kings of Spain obtained
a great victory over the Almohades
under Mohammed Abu Abdallah.
June 12, 1418, occurred the great
riot and massacre in Paris which
brought the city under Burguudian
rule.

June 13. This is the anniversary of
one of the greatest battles ever fought,
as regards both importance and mag-
nitude. Upon that day, A. D. 733,
Charles Martel won a victory over
the Moors on the field of Tours,
which saved France from the yoke of
the Moslems and effectually arrested
their spreading dominions. Histo-
rians assert that more than three
hundred thousand men perished in
this battle.

June 14. This was the lucky day
of the Emperor Napoleon. On that
day in 1800 he won the battle of
Marengo, defeating the Austrians,
and establishing his power. In 1S07
he defeated the Russians in the great
battle of Friedland. In 1809, on this
day, his stepson, Prince Eugene
Beauharnais, defeated the Austrians
at the battle of Raab in Hungary.

June 14, 1645, Cromwell gained
the battle of Naseby over the Royal-

346

JUNE, THE BATTLE MONTH.

ists. The result of that battle proved
fatal to the house of Stuart.

June 15, B. C. 216, Hannibal an-
nihilated a great Roman army at
Cannae, which result made him mas-
ter of Italy for fifteen years. It was
the most severe defeat the Romans
ever sustained, and one of the bloodi-
est battles ever fought. In 1389 was
fought the great battle of Kosovo,
"the field of thrushes" in Servia,
between the Servians and the invad-
ing Turks. King Lazarus of Servia
was slain in the battle, and Servian
independence was lost for five hun-
dred years.

June 16. In 1487 Henry VII of
England defeated the Yorkists in the
decisive battle of Stoke, thus termi-
nating the War of the Roses, and
raising the House of Tudor to the
undisputed sovereignty of England.
In 1743 the French were defeated
at Dettingen by the allied armies of
Germany and England, commanded
by George the Second. This was
the last occasion on which an Eng-
lish king ever appeared in person on
a battle-field. June 16, 1815, Napo-
leon gained a victory at Ligny over
the Russians under Marshal Blucher;
and the same day Wellington beat
the French commanded by Ney at
the battle of Quatre-Bras.

June 17. In 1775, on this day, took
place the battle of Bunker Hill, in
which the Americans lost the field,
but the English suffered by far the
greater loss of men. One third of
the British force was killed or
wounded, and the result of the bat-
tle was to give great confidence to
the Americans, who have always re-
garded the battle more as a victory
than a defeat.

June 18. In 1675 the Swedes were

badly beaten by the Prussians in the
battle of Fehrbellin. In 1757 Fred-
erick the Great was defeated at the
battle of Collin by the Austrian army
commanded by Marshal Daun. In
1815 the battle of Waterloo, gained
by the combined Swedes, Germans,
Dutch, and English over the French,
under Napoleon, unseated the em-
peror and restored the Bourbons to
France. June 18, 1855, the Russians
defeated the French and English at
Malakoff near Sebastopol. In 1643,
in the battle of Chalgrove Field,
fought between the forces of parlia-
ment and the king, John Hampden
was killed.

June 19. In 1799 the French un-
der Macdonald w r ere defeated by the
Austrians and Russians, commanded
by Suvaroff, at the battle of the
Trebia. In 1864 the unique naval
engagement between the warships,
the Kearsarge and the Alabama, took
place, resulting in a decisive victory
for the Union vessel.

June 20. In the year 1097, the bat-
tle of Nice took place on this day, in
which the Crusaders gained a great
victory over the Saracens. In 1779
the Americans defeated the British
at the battle of Stony Ferry. In
1 82 1 the Greeks were beaten by the
Turks at Dragashan ; and in 1830
the French gained the battle of
Strouli over the Algerians, which
virtually made them masters of Al-
geria. ,

June 2r. In 1798 the Irish were
defeated w 7 ith bloody slaughter at the
battle of Vinegar Hi^.1 by the Eng-
lish and Orangemen, an event that
proved fatal to the Irish cause. In
18 1 3 Wellington gained the decisive
battle of Vittoria, in Spain, which
drove the French out of the peuin-

JUNE, THE BATTLE MONTH.

347

sula and destroyed Napoleon's power
in that country. In 1588 the first
day's action with the Spanish ar-
mada occurred.

June 22, B. C. 168, was fought the
battle of Pydna, which put an end
to the kingdom of Macedon and de-
cided the supremacy of Rome in the
East. In 1 8 13 the Americans de-
feated the British at the battle of
Craney Island, one of the unimportant
conflicts of the War of 1812.

June 23. In 1757 the battle of
Plassey was won by the British over
the Maluattas, the result of which
decided the future fortunes of India.
In 1780 the Americans suffered a de-
feat by the British at the battle of
Springfield.

June 24. On this day, 1340, Sir
Robert Morley, the admiral of Ed-
ward the Third of England, gained
the great naval battle of Sluys over
the French fleet. June 24, 1813, the
British were defeated by the Ameri-
cans at the battle of Beaver Dams.
In 1859 the battle of Solferino, won
by the French and Sardinians over
the Austrians, terminated the Italian
war, and placed the iron crown of
the Lombards on the brow of Victor
Emmanuel.

June 25. In 13 14 Robert Bruce
won the great victory of Bannock-
burn, which utterly defeated the Eng-
lish and established the independence
of the Scots. In the year 841 was
fought the battle of Fontenoy, in
which the Emperor Lothaire was de-
feated with great slaughter by his
brothers, Louis of Bavaria and
Charles the Bold of France.

June 26, A. D. 714, Roderick, the

last of the Goths, was vanquished at
the battle of Xeres by the Moors,
thus opening the way for the estab-
lishment of the Arab Empire in
Spain, and the glories of Cordova
and Granada.

June 27. The federal forces gained
a victory over the Confederate army
at Gaines' Mill in 1862.

June 28. The battle of Charleston
Harbor took place, in 1776, the
Americans defeating the British,
which event left the southern states
free from the aggressions of the
mother country for the space of four
years. In 1778 occurred the battle
of Monmouth between the British
and American armies, which though
undecisive, yet disheartened Clinton
and heralded the victory at York-
town.

June 29, A. D. 71, Jerusalem was
taken by the Romans under Titus
after a siege of five months ; thou-
sands of people were slain and the
city was completely overthrown. In
451 the battle of Chalons-sur-Marne
was fought, in which .Etius defeated
Attila the Hun; 160,000 of the bar-
barians were slain.

June 30. In 1097 the battle of Dag-
organ shattered the Saracen powers
of Asia Minor, and gave the crusa-
ding hosts a respite from the toils of
war. In 1643 Lord Fairfax was de-
feated by the royalists at Atherton
Moor, and totally routed. In 1600
the French under Marshal Luxem-
bourg defeated the allied army under
the Prince of Waldeck at Fleurus.
June 30, 1S62, closed the seven days'
fight before Richmond, and also
closes this chronicle.

PERRY BROOK.
By Bela Chapin.

I 've. traced again the Perry brook

With angling rod and line ;
But where I dropped my baited hook

There poorest luck was mine.
Where good trout throve in years gone by
Small dace abound and shiner fry.

I passed the upland, airy ridge,

Then sought the vale below.
I crossed the mossy, dusty bridge,

Where thrifty willows grow,
Then turned where leaning alders teem
And overhang the mountain stream.

There is no purer stream than this,
Fringed with long grass and flowers,

Where climbi the blooming clematis
Upon the leafy bowers ;

And where the cat-bird finds a home,

Anear the current's sparkling foam.

And yonder is a sylvan scene

In beauty wide displayed.
'Tis where, within a pasture green,

The brook glides through the glade,
Between the steep declivities,
Where grow tall birch and maple trees.

Then through a wildwood, dense and deep,

That half excludes the day,
In many a whirl and many a leap,

The brook pursues its way ;
Still clear and cool its ceaseless flow,
As in the days of long ago.

And next I reached a ruined mill,

That labored in its day.
Its saw is gone, its wheel is still,

And passing fast away ;
Unhindered now, 'neath poplar shade,
The stream pours down its own cascade.

Anon there opes a meadow scene,

With forest all around,
Where flowers blow, and grass is green,

And high elm trees abound ;
Where peacefully the waters flow,
And mirror cloud and sky below.

AN ANECDOTE OF WEBSTER.

349

So may this merry mountain brook

Glide ever on its way,
Through charming dell and redgy nook,

While other things decay ;
And nothing from my mind shall blot

The memory of each lovely spot.

AN ANECDOTE OF WEBSTER.
By Eva J. Beede.

NE of Daniel Webster's
clients, not having the
ready money to pay his
lawyer, gave him a
mortgage on a little
farm in the town of Meredith, and in
the course of time the farm came in-
to Mr. Webster's possession.

A poor old woman, whom every-
body called "aunt," lived with her
daughter on the place for several
years. It made a home for ttiem,
and with some assistance from the
town they got along quite comfort-
ably.

One summer Mr. Webster and wife,
with a friend and his wife, in a fine
carriage with four horses, drove
through the country up to the White
Mountains.

On the route, about five miles
above Meredith Bridge, now the
flourishing city of Laconia, they
came to an old one-story, unpainted
house, standing on a hill, and Mr.
Webster ordered the driver to stop,
so he could get out. The others
were quite curious, and Mrs. Web-
ster asked, "What are you getting
out here for?"

Mr. Webster went up to the house,
inquired who was living there, and
to whom the house belonged, and

was told that it was owned by " a big
man dowm country." He then told
the occupants that he{was the owner
of the house, reminded them of the
long time that they had lived there
without paying any rent, and asked
them if they could n't pay him some-
thing. They said they thought he
ought to have his, pay, and that they
wanted to pay him, so they brought
out for him about two dozen pairs of
stockings that they had knit. Mr.
Webster asked if they hadn't any
money, and they said that they had
saved a little, and counted out two
dollars and fifty cents. They sup-
posed they would be obliged to leave
the place, and they felt very badly.

Mr. Webster looked at the stock-
ings and said, " You can sell these
better than I can, and you will need
the money to buy you some things at
the store, and you may want a little
money besides what you have, for
you may be sick," so putting his
hands into his pocket, he took out a
ten dollar bill and gave it to the old
lady, adding, " When you want any
more let me know."

As he turned to go away he said,
" Now I want you to live right here
in my house, and take care of it for
me, and not let anybody else have it."

FOR HER SAKE.

John Warren Odlin, 2d.

O Whom it May Con-
cern : I, Lester Green,
am dying. I think the
end is near. I seem to
see a grave yawning for
me to enter. Therefore I write to
unravel a deep mystery — to explain
how horse thief Frank Sawyer es-
caped the hands of law, years ago
when Dakota was in its infancy.
Was I doing right when saving him
from Western justice? This mind
tells me that my steps were justified
by the law of love. God grant I
may live to tell you the tale.

I emigrated West in my youth,
leaving my home in New Hampshire
because my sweetheart, Mary Wells,
had in the heat of a lover's quarrel
married another. It was near what
was then called Peruse that I took
up an abode. This was a peaceful
place, and the citizens law-abiding,
until the presence of a horse thief
there aroused the entire community.
Old George Blackmoore, whose
coffers contained more gold than he
had use for, demanded the life of a
certain Frank Sawyer, whom he had
seen steal a trick pony from his yard.
His appeal to the townsfolk caused
an uproar ; it created a mob element
heretofore unknown, and plans for
the capture of the culprit were imme-
diately made.

It was decided to divide the men
of the town into two parties, each
with the injunction to bring Sawyer

back dead or alive. These parties
were to take opposite directions for
the search. That consisting of the
marksmen of Peruse was sent north-
ward, for the theory advanced by
those who had had dealings with
criminals before, was that he would
make for Canada. I, being practi-
cally a stranger in the country, and
not having a reputation as a crack
shot or broncho tamer, was chosen to
be one of the party to go southward
to his home.

It was early morning when we
started — a beautiful summer day.
Ah ! how well I remember how the
peaceful tranquility of the surround-
ing country held back the flow of
indignation within my breast ; that
indignation which was so prevalent
with my companions and had come
to me as an epidemic. The others
were sullen ; they sat on their horses
with stern determination written on
their faces.

We rode for hours without seeing
anything to relieve the monotony of
the while until late in the afternoon.
It was then that the foremost rider,
a " greaser," suddenly jumped from
his horse and scanned the path bed.
For a moment the group of man-
hunters sat in their saddles motion-
less and silent. There before our
eyes were the hoof-prints that showed
where a horse had turned out from
the woods into the path. There was
a terrible silence for a moment, and

FOR HER SAKE.

35i

then the greaser exclaimed exult-
antly : "My God, we're on his
track."

The discovery had startled every-
one. Our expedition at the start was
like a hunter's, entering a barren
track, expecting nothing but a long
jaunt, with the mere possibility of
success. Those faces, before so stern
and morose, brightened as with the
excitement of the chase that crowd
of ruffians (they were no better than
ruffians) became hilarious. They dis-
mounted and danced about, slapping
each other's backs, and making all
manners of demonstrations of glee,
simply because they were near him
whom they wanted to kill. At length
the oldest of the party spoke :

"We'll have to go slow, for he
has gone to his home — his fort.

"Now," he said, addressing me,
" you 're the man for the trick, and
this is your chance to make a repu-
tation for yourself as a protector of
humanity. He don't know you, so
he wont show fight if he should see
you. Go up to his house, careful
like, and when we hear y-ou shoot
we'll ride up, and then he's ours.
Do your duty, friend, like a man."

To say that I felt honored by be-
ing given this commission would be
far from the truth. In fact his words
made me tremble, but to refuse was
useless. To try to shirk my duty
" as a protector of humanity " would
be a signal for my death. So I
mounted and rode off toward Saw-
yer's home.

I did not fully realize the situation
and the death-dealing task thrown
upon me until I had ridden a half
mile or more, then the talk of our
leader came to me forcibly in the
reaction. "To kill a man for steal-

ing. Is that protecting humanity?"
I thought. "Well, there must be
some rule out here, and that is the
way of Westerners."

I continued to meditate as I
rode, trying to banish conscience for
"duty," until I could see the smoke
from Sawyer's chimney curling over
the trees. I checked my pony to a
walk, and stealthily approaching the
dwelling I rapped loudly on the door.
Soon a woman came — a girlish form
that I knew was before me. It was
Mary Wells.

Then flashed over my memory the
happy days gone by — the pleasant
past and then the present. I won-
dered if she was Sawyer's wife as I
remembered that I had never learned
her husband's name. What if it was
her husband whose life was wanted ?
How strange that she had come to
live so near the place that I had
chosen wherein to forget her. I im-
agined that there was a possibility
of her not recognizing me. I wanted
to go back and tell the men that I
refused to do their bidding, but that
meant death, and I was afraid — too
generous, to die.

There she was, pale and haggard,
a shadow of her former self, and I
before her, hanging my head like a
guilty schoolboys as she spoke :

" Why, Lester Green, how strange
it is that we should meet here. I
looked up and I thought I saw a
smile creep over her face, and for a
moment I forgot all — forgot my mis-
sion and everything but her. I
thought of her as she was back in
dear old New Hampshire.

" Mary," but I could not say that
which was then on my mind, and I
shuddered as I felt her gaze upon me.
She seemed to read my thoughts.

352

FOR HER SAKE.

" Don't speak of the past, L,ester,
that is beyond repair."

I was held in awful suspense ; I
wanted to ask her something and
dared not. At last I commanded
myself and asked timidly: "Is
Frank Sawyer your husband?"

" Yes, Lester, he is," she answered
slowly and deliberately, "and I do
not hesitate to say so. I suppose
you are one of those who hunt him.
Do n't be so abashed, L,ester, we all
must be brave. Don't think of the
happy days, for then it will be
harder. We were starving and
Frank took that horse for bread and
I am not ashamed that he did steal.
He did not murder. No, no, he never
murdered, and that is more than his
pursuers can boast of soon."

I raised my hand in appeal, for her
words cut me deeper than any lash
could, but she spoke on.

"Follow yonder path through the
thicket," she said as she pointed the
way. " He is there and ready to go.
Take him ; he had decided to give
himself up. You may as well have
the blood money as another."

I stammered something but she
was gone, and I was left there on
the door- rock alone, and with a curse
upon me. Sorrow and shame, re-
morse and regret, were mine, and for
what ? Nothing. I called her name
but she did not answer, and I turned
and walked down the path as a
drunken man.

Suddenly the sound of sobbing
aroused me from my stupor, and
then I heard a tin}' voice ask,

"Where are you going, papa?
Won't you come back to us again ?"

"No," came a man's voice that
was tearful, " you will come to me —
some day."

A step farther on and I could see
him through the bushes. He was
sitting on a log and a little girl was
on his knee. There he was, the
man who was branded with a crime
for which his life alone could atone.
Big tears rolled down his cheeks, and
I saw him brush back the golden hair
of the little girl.

The scene was too sad. I felt faint
at heart. Voices around me seemed
to tell me to go away ; an unseen
power pulled me back the pathway.
When I reached the house Mary
was awaiting.

"Where," but before she could
speak I broke forth,

"Tell Frank Sawyer to hurry
southward, and your old sweetheart
will hold back the hunters until he is
out of danger."

Then I jumped on my broncho and
whipping the little beast to the top-
most speed I rode away, leaving all
that was dear to me behind. When
I had gone a few rods I turned in the
saddle and saw my beloved Mary
standing in the doorway with the
sun's last rays on her dear true face.
I rode fiercely and soon came upon
my companions. Holding back my
stamping pony, I shouted above their
frantic voices, " I met Frank Sawyer
and he bested me. But we have an-
other chance in our line of human
protection, follow me."

Then reining to the north I drove
on, and the other man-hunters fol-
lowed. Lester Green.

DARKNESS.

By Thomas Cogswell, Jr.

As the dead leaves are lying so lonely

Where the wind storm has scattered them all
As the road-bed is stony and muddy

Because of the rain's steady fall ;
As the grasses seem shrunken and faded

And the trees are a storm-coated gray;
So my heart seems forsaken and broken

As I stumble and fall by the way.

With a wail of despair and of longing

I rise with a sigh from my chair
And turn my face toward your picture —

I always can find comfort there —
And a sweet, gentle feeling creeps o'er me

And quickly I feel in my breast
A thrill of pleasure run through me

Which brings me sweet comfort and rest.

'Tis the thrill of a love which is harbored

In a heart that is broken and torn !
'T is the thought of a lover's burden

When he knows that his love is forlorn !
But still as the scent of the violets

Will cling to them, same as when new,
So my heart still retains its devotion

With a love which is noble and true.

A devotion I ne'er was ashamed of,

Or tried to keep hidden from light,
For why should I worship an idol

And try to conceal it from sight ?
Aye, fain would I publish it broadcast

On the wings of the swift-flying winds,
For I love you, dear heart, oh, I love you,

Far better than all earthly things !

And there steals to my heart such a feeling

As I gaze in those deep-burning eyes
That sometimes my love is returned, dear,

Or God would have planned otherwise.
And again there 's the thought that another

May somehow steal into your heart
And with graces so silent and subtle

Slowly work 'till he 's torn us apart !

Then slowly I turn from your picture

To wipe a tear from my eye,
And I see through the half-opened window

Naught else but a storm- driven sky !
And I know by that moment of sorrow

That somehow it never can be —
That the sunshine has faded and vanished

And left naught but darkness for me !

xxx— 25

A THIEF OF THE ROOFS: A DRAMATIC SKETCH.

By Thomas Littlefield Marble.

CHARACTERS.

Mr. Talbot, a gentleman of Bohemian tastes.

Mrs. Burleigh, his landlady.

Roland Barbour, the " thief of the roofs.

> )

Time. — Evening.

Scene. — A room on the top floor of a city lodging house. A table, center,
on which a chafing dish is placed. The room is appropriately furnished for
a gentleman's apartment. A door at the right ; electric bell at side of door ;
windows at the back, through the open shutters of which can be seen the
roofs and lights of the city.

At rise of curtain, Mr. Talbot is discovered arranging packages on the
window ledge. He comes forward slowly and presses the electric button.
Bell rings outside. Pause. Mrs. Burleigh enters.

Mrs. B. Did you ring, sir?

Mr. T. Yes, Mrs. Burleigh. I rang for you because I wish to call your
attention to a little matter of recent occurrence, which has occasioned con-
siderable annoyance to myself, and which, I am sure, will be of interest to
you. Though the circumstances of the case are quite mysterious.

Mrs. B. Oh, sir, you surprise me! A mystery? And in a reputable
lodging house like mine !

Mr. T. Pray calm yourself, my dear Mrs. Burleigh. I was about to
say that, although, as yet, the whole thing remains a mystery, it is not, I
trust, beyond solution. The facts of the matter are these : For some time
past it has been my custom to prepare breakfast here in this room. I am
fond of experimenting with a chafing dish, and the habit has its economic as
well as its artistic advantages. Nor is it a custom peculiar to myself ; many
a neighbor of ours plays the role of chef, and the little patch of roof in front
of his window serves, these winter nights, as an admirable refrigerator for
his stock of provisions. Even now, in the white glare of the electric lights,
you can see, at intervals across the roofs, these miniature larders. I, too,
find this practice a convenient one, and so frequently place my small store of
groceries on the roof close by this window. For the past two evenings I
have done this, only to find each morning my provisions gone with no trace
of their disappearance. I have called you, Mrs. Burleigh, to ask if you can
throw any light on the mystery.

Mrs. B. Why, Mr. Talbot, surely you cannot suspect me of —

Mr. T. No, indeed — -certainly not. I ask merely to satisfy myself that

THE THIEF OF THE ROOFS. 355

the key to the solution is not within the house. Do you think a practical
joke, or something of that sort, might explain it ?

Mrs. B. It could hardly be that, I think. The roof is so steep that one
would find it impossible to reach here from a neighboring window. The
wdiole thing seems quite uncanny.

Mr. T. Few things are impossible, Mrs. Burleigh, and a person with
the aid of the rain gutter — which is firmly soldered — would, I think, have
little difficulty in creeping across the root to my window. At any rate, I
have a suspicion that some one in an adjoining tenement is appropriating my
property, so to-night I have placed an exceedingly tempting bait on the win-
dow ledge, and await developments. If you hear an unwonted commotion
you may know that the thief has been caught.

Mrs. B. But think of your danger, Mr. Talbot. The thief might over-
power you.

Mr. T. Don't worry. I fancy I can give an account of myself. If not,
I will call for assistance.

Mrs. B. Very well. But my poor heart will be all in a flutter till I
know the worst. Good- night. (Exits through door.)

Mr. T. Good-night. Ha, ha, ha ! Fancy the good Mrs. Burleigh's
heart in a flutter for my welfare. (Closes the window shatters, then busies
himself with eliciting dish. Pause. Slight noise back of windows.) Hark.
(Noise repeated.) Can it be possible my light-fingered visitor makes his
appearance so early ? (Approaches window and throws open the shutters, dis-
closing Roland Barbour in the act of taking provisions . ) Ah! Good evening.
Step in please. I have been expecting you, really. (Roland Barbour enters
through window. His clothes are shabby, his hair disheveled, and he has a zvild,
/laggard look.) Now, my dear sir, explain your conduct. To whom am I
indebted for the pleasure of this call ?

Roland. The game is up. I' m fairly caught. Roland Barbour's life
hasn't been lucky enough to mind one disgrace more or less. Call the
police and end this suspense.

Mr. T. All in good time, Mr. Barbour. (Meditatively.) Roland Bar-
bour. Really, you have a romantic name — and a romantic profession too.
It 's all quite like the Christmas stories. Young father, no work, starving
children, beg or steal — latter preferred — benevolent victim, merry Christmas,
and happiness forever. It 's just the same old bluff in your case, I fancy,
only the ending will be truer to life. Starving. Bah !

Roland. Yes ; starving. And while you stand there with your sarcas-
tic smile she is suffering, perhaps dying. (Fiercely.) Listen to me. A
moment ago I was meek enough, but you have roused the devil in me,
and rather than leave her now, I would kill you in your tracks.

Mr. T. By Jove ! you 're awfully clever. But it 's no use, my friend ;
I 'm adamant, and your tragic tones can't move me.

Roland. True, you are adamant, and the rest of the world with you.
Do you suppose if human hearts could be moved to pity — if there were even
justice in the world, I should be crawling across the roofs a common thief ?

356 THE THIEF OF THE ROOFS.

Mr. T. Pardon me, I should say a most ««coraraon thief.

Roland. What do you, or people like you, know of suffering? You
live your own selfish lives with no thought of the pain and anguish of others.
For weeks I have begged for work from men like you, and they have shown
me the door as though I were a dog. I should have ended this life of tor-
ture long ago, but there is one who is dearer to me than my hope of heaven,
and she — my sister — lay sick. She is all I have in the world, and I brought
her here to give her the musical training her talent deserves, for she sings —
ah, God ! — like an angel. At last she fell sick. The little money I had
scarce paid our lodging, and could I see her wasting away — aye, starving —
before my very eyes ? No ; I stole the food to nourish her, and for that act I
am ready and willing to pay the penalty. Do with me what you choose,
but as you hope for God's mercy, have compassion on my innocent sister.

Mr. T. It is a pretty story with a slight — very slight- — semblance of
truth. You tell it well, however, and histrionic talent of so high a grade
deserves reward.

Roland. Call me a liar if you will. It relieves the mind and consumes
far less of your valuable time than an investigation of the truth of my state-
ments would require. You doubt my word. Come with me to the little
chamber where my sister is waiting my return. She does not know that her
brother is a thief, and is too weak to ask disconcerting questions. Come
with me, I say, and gaze upon her wan and peaked face ; look into her trust-
ful eyes (mirrors of the soul, they say) and read there a story of sickness and
hunger. Tell me, do you know what it means to be hungry ? She is hun-
gry — hungr}', I repeat, and the thought is driving me mad.

Mr. T. Forgive me, Barbour; I have been a little hasty perhaps. You
speak eloquently of your sister. How about )^ourself? You don't look
over well-fed. May I ask when you dined last ?

Roland. Dined? Yesterday — to-day. I don't know. Do you think
I can eat while she is in pain ? She is dying I tell you and for the want of
proper care, such care as men in your circumstances can afford to give.
And you begrudge her the food which has kept alive the vital spark. Is
that a comforting thought? When she lies cold in her coffin, will you like
to remember that yours was the hand which hastened her departure ? Or,
should she, with tender care, grow strong again, would you prefer to remem-
ber that it was your kind charity which restored her health ? Oh, the
wretched poverty of our lives ! We wanted so little. What have we
received ? She, a sick bed in an attic chamber ; I, the fate of a thief.

(Sinks into chair, burying his face in his hands. Mr. Talbot starts for-
ward, hesitates, then presses electric button. Dell rings outside. Pause. Mrs.
Burleigh cntcis.)

Mr. T. Mrs. Burleigh, will you prepare me a basket of delicacies? My
friend here has a sister who is very ill.

(Roland kneels at Talbot' s feet, Mrs. Burleigh stands in doorzvay as the cur-
tain falls . )

CURTAIN.

NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE WAR OF 1812.

By Emma C. Vl'atls,

SERIES of aggressions

on the part of England,

\ long continued, without

|l apology or redress, con-

the

vinced

American

government of her hostile intentions,
and led it to make preparation for the
seemingly inevitable conflict. The
matter as early as 18 10 had become a
decided party issue. The federal
party was opposed to the w r ar, main-
taining that such a measure was hos-
tile to commerce, unjust to Great
Britain, and subservient to France ;
while the Republican party was in
favor of war, as being the only means
for establishing the national honor.

For several years the Federalists
had been in full pow r er in New T Hamp-
shire, but in 1 8 10 the Republicans
carried every branch of the govern-
ment, both local and congressional.
One authority says : " Had the Fed-
eral party retained its ascendency in
this state, the election of a senator and
members of congress opposed to the
administration would have embar-
rassed many of its measures and de-
feated, very probably, the declaration
of war itself. Upon the result, there-
fore, of the elections in 1 8 10 among the
hardy and independent yeomanry of
New Hampshire the success of that
great measure in a good degree de-
pended, a measure which vindicated
our honor and asserted our rights."

With the commencement of 181 2
ended a period of peace, which had

existed, with little intermission, for
nearly thirty years. That period had
witnessed a gradual but constant in-
crease in this state in wealth, busi-
ness, and learning, in facilities for
communication and number of inhab-
itants.

In the early part of 18 12, insults
having been added to injuries by the
assumed mistress of the seas, the
American congress passed an act de-
claring war against Great Britain.
President Madison made requisition
upon the government of New Hamp-
shire for its quota of militia to be de-
tached ; and his Excellency, John
Langdon, the governor, issued orders
for detaching 3,500 men from the
militia of this state. The draft was
made and the companies, battalions,
and regiments duly organized ; but it
being so near the close of Governor
Eangdon's term of office, he left the
completion of the organization to his
successor, Governor Plumer, who en-
tered upon his duties June 5, 1S12.

The declaration of w r ar found the
militia of the New 7 Hampshire in a
flourishing condition. The governor,
who from his position was comman-
der-in-chief, was a man of energy,
patriotism, and great executive abil-
ity. Such being the situation, com-
pliance with the requisitions of the
general government could be given
with the greatest promptness.

The military organization of the
state was as follows : His Excellency,

358

NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE WAR OE 1812.

Gov. William Plumer.

William Plumer, of Epping, Captain-
General and Commander-in-chief;
Timothy Upham of Portsmouth, and
John A. Harper of Meredith, aids to
his Excellency ; three Major-Gener-
als, six Brigadier- Generals, with their
aids; and thirty-seven regiments.

The part taken by New Hampshire
men from the beginning to the end of
the war was an exceedingly promi-
nent one, and her record was hardly
surpassed by that of any other state in
the Union.

The Commander-in-chief of the en-
tire army, Henr)' Dearborn, was a
native of Hampton, and had been one
of her Revolutionary officers. He was
in the battle of Bunker Hill, and ac-
companied General Arnold on his
perilous expedition through the wil-
dernesses of Maine to Quebec, where
he was taken prisoner. After the war
of 18 1 2 he was appointed minister to
Portugal. It was said of him that
"he was a man of large size, gentle-
manly deportment, and one of the

bravest and most gallant men of his
time."

Soon after the declaration of war,
upon the representations of prominent
men that our sea-coast was in a de-
fenseless state, and liable to attacks
from the enemy, General Clement
Storer of Portsmouth was ordered to
detach four companies from his com-
mand for its defense. These compa-
nies were under command of Captains
Neal and Shackford of Portsmouth,
Towle of Epping, and Leonard of
Londonderry..

These precautions were highly
necessary, and probably prevented
an attack upon the navy yard, and
possibly the town of Portsmouth, as
British vessels were cruising off the
coast and had even entered the bay of
the Piscataqua. Great excitement
and consternation prevailed among
the people of Portsmouth and along
the coast. Whole families and sup-
plies were sent into the country for

Gen. Henry Dearborn.

NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE WAR OE 1812.

359

safety. The prompt action of Gov-
ernor Plumer allayed the excitement
for a time and restored the confidence
of the people.

Again in the spring of 1813, British
cruisers being frequently seen off the
coast, the governor ordered another
detachment for the defense of Ports-
mouth. This company, under the
command of Captain William Mar-
shall, was named "Sea Fencibles."
At a town-meeting held May 20, 18 13,
it was voted, after much discussion,
to instruct their representatives to lay
before the legislature the fact of " the
exposed situation of that town and
harbor, and endeavor to obtain such
assistance from the legislature as they
might think expedient."

At this meeting Daniel Webster
made a vigorous speech. He said, " I
have heard the discussion with inter-
est, but talk is not what the crisis de-
mands. The forts near the town want
repairs, want men to defend them
when repaired. The government of
the United States and the state gov-
ernment have been applied to for men
to repair and defend these forts ; but
we know not that either will attend
to our application, but one thing we
do know, the crisis demands labor,
and we can labor, we can repair the
forts, and then we know another
thing, we can defend them. Now,"
continued Mr. Webster, " I propose
that every man who wants these forts
repaired, wants these forts and the
town of Portsmouth defended — appear
on the parade to-morrow morning with
pick-axe, spade, and shovel, and that
they go to the Islands and repair the
forts." The meeting adjourned with
a hurrah for pick-axe, spade, and
shovel. The next morning hundreds
of the patriotic men of Portsmouth

gathered upon the parade, and with
Mr. Webster, duly armed with his
shovel, proceeded to the forts, and in
two or three days they were repaired.
To prevent contraband trade over
the Canadian line and to defend the

Dar

northern frontier from incursions of
the enemy, a company was stationed
at Stewartstown, under the command
of Capt. Ephraim Mahurin of Strat-
ford. John Page, Junior, was lieu-
tenant of this company. His father
was the first white man who ever
"wintered" in the town of Haver-
hill.

But while the state knew only the
fears of war, her men in the northwest
were experiencing actual war with
all its horrors. Under the influence
of the British, the Indians along the
Great Lakes had become openly hos-
tile to our government. As early as
181 1 it was determined to put an end
to these warlike intentions, and Gen.
Wm. Henry Harrison was ordered
west for this purpose. Under him,

3 6 °

NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE WAR OE 1S12.

as commander of the Fourth U. S.
infantry, was Lieut. -Col. James Miller
of Peterborough. His regiment was
composed largely of New Hampshire
men.

The army moved forward toward a
large Indian town, Tippecanoe, where
it was met by Indian messengers de-
siring a peace conference. But the
treacherous Indians broke armistice,
and on the 7th of November occurred
the terrible battle of Tippecanoe. The
New 7 Hampshire men were in the
thickest of this fight, and had a
share in obtaining victory, only at
the price of heavy loss of life.

In May, 1812, Colonel Miller with
his gallant Fourth regiment, marched
to meet General Hull at Detroit, for
the purpose of invading Canada. Col-
onel. Miller wrote to his wife, " I had
the honor and the gratification as
commanding officer, to plant with my
own hands the first United States
standard on the pleasant banks of De-
troit River, in King George's Province
of Upper Canada."

In August Colonel Miller was
ordered on an exploring expedition
across the River Rouge. Turning to
his veteran Fourth regiment he said,
" My brave soldiers, you will add an-
other victory to that of Tippecanoe.
If there is any man in the ranks who
fears to meet the enemy, let him fall
out and stay behind." A loud shout
went up from the entire corps, and
"I'll not stay," broke from every
lip. At Brownstown his force of 350
men, after a fierce battle, defeated
200 British regulars, 150 militia, and
400 or 500 Indians.

At this time General William Hull
was in command of the army stationed
at Detroit, and with him were Col-
onels James Miller, Dewis Cass, and

Duncan McArthur, all three New
Hampshire men ; and throughout the
entire war, these three names, to-
gether with that of General Dearborn,
commander-in-chief of the army,
stand out most prominently for the
highest bravery and honor.

At the cowardly surrender of De-
troit by General Hull, Colonel Miller,
with his Fourth regiment, was
among the prisoners taken by the
British. General Hull, in his report
of the surrender, wrote, "Before I
close this dispatch it is a duty I owe
to my associates in command, Col-
onels McArthur, Cass, and Miller, to
express my obligations to them for
the prompt and judicious manner in
which they have performed their re-
spective duties. If aught has taken
place during the campaign which is
honorable to the army, these officers
are entitled to a large share of it. If
this last act should be disapproved,
no part of the censure belongs to
them." He might w y ell say this, for
all these officers had begged him not
to surrender, and were very indignant
at his course. Thus the campaign of
181 2 ended in disaster on the part of
the army. But, on the other hand,
our gallant little navy had won vic-
tory after victory, and had established
beyond dispute our superiority in
naval warfare. One of the most bril-
liant of these encounters, and the first
decided naval battle, was the famous
victory of the American frigate Con-
stitution over the British Gucrricrc.
It was hailed with rejoicing through-
out the country, and was made the
subject of many somewhat hilarious
ballads and songs.

In fact the entire record of the war
is made a little less harrowing to our
memories when we consider that at

NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE WAR OF 1812. 361

that time had developed one of the During the campaign of 1813, after
saving traits of our intense American many severe battles, most of the posts
nature, the ability on all occasions to surrendered to the British were re-
see and appreciate the humorous gained, and the sturdy New Hamp-
trend of affairs. There are scores of shire regiments are prominent for
variations to the old favorite Yankee their faithfulness, perseverence, and
Doodle, giving expression to admira- physical endurance,
tion for our heroes or hurling scathing General Dearborn was in command
sarcasm against the enemy ; while, at in the North, and, at the time of the
the other extreme, stands the glori- American attack on Fort George, he
ous " Star-Spangled Banner." was confined to his bed by a fever.

One of these songs, expressing the General Lewis of New York was put

jubilant sentiment occasioned by the in command for the expedition, with

victory of the Constitution, indicates to orders from General Dearborn that

us that the Yankee could find time for the troops should breakfast at two

a joke even while he fought {p. 362). o'clock in the morning and embark to

In the fall of 18 12, before the legis- cross the Niagara River at four
lature assembled, Governor Plumer o'clock. On the morning appointed,
made a requisition upon the govern- General Lewis reported that it would
ment for 1,000 stand of arms. When be impossible to move as earl}' as four
in his message he reported his action o'clock,. General Dearborn having
to the legislature, it was received with some suspicions of the military char-
favor by the majority, though a large acter and energy of General Lewis,
minority protested against his deed, indignantly declared that the attack
as well as against the entire policy of should be made as ordered, that he
the war. was prepared ; and in opposition to

Meantime the patriotism of the peo- his physician's remonstrances, he was

pie was completely aroused, and, not- assisted to his horse, and led the

withstanding the heavj' draft of three troops on board the boats, before

thousand five hundred men from the General Lewis made his appearance,

militia, and extensive enlistments in The effort so exhausted General Dear-

the regular army, volunteering went born that he was taken from his horse

on apace. and carried on board the Madison. In

The department of recruiting was reply to his physician's "entreaty not

under the command of Lieut.- Col. to join his troops, he said, " I go into

Moody Bedel of Bath, stationed at battle or perish in the attempt." After

Concord. Colonel Bedel was born in a severe engagement of three hours

Salem, N. H., in 1764. In civil life Fort George was in the possession of

he was active, energetic, and perse- the Americans, and General Dearborn

vering. He was put in command of was taken to his quarters exhausted,

the Eleventh regiment, which gained but victorious. Soon after this Gen-

by its valor the title of " The Bloody eral Dearborn retired from command

Eleventh." At the battle of Fort of the army on account of ill health,

Erie he so distinguished himself that and was placed over the military dis-

he received honorable notice and pro- trict of New York city,

motion from his superior officers. By the battle of the Thames the

362

NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE WAR OF 1812.

THE CONSTITUTION AND THE GUERRIERE.

I jT* MrrrfiJ

A MU

It oft times has been told, That the British seamen bold,

53»

±3f

*» *

W — «

Could flog the tars of France so neat and han - dy,

oh!

rfc*

■tp Ariir. r

-4WJ-H

But they never found their match, Till the Yankees did them catch ;

fc^r

+f/i | ^.r^^ J 1 J- 1

ft 'ng,

Oh, the Yankee boys for fighting are the dan - dy,

oh!

The Guerrilrc, a frigate bold,
On the foaming ocean rolled,
Commanded by proud Dacres, the grandee,
oh !
With as choice a British crew,
As a rammer ever drew,
Could flog the Frenchmen two to one so handy,
oh!

When this frigate hove in view,
Says proud Dacres to his crew,
" Come clear the decks for action and be
handy, oh !
To the w 7 eather gage, boys, get her,"
And to make his men fight better,
Gave them to drink gunpowder mixed with
brandy, oh !

Then Dacres loudly cries,

" Make this Yankee ship your prize,

You can in thirty minutes, neat and handy, oh !
Twenty-five 's enough I 'm sure,
And if you '11 do it in a score,

I '11 treat you to a double share of brandy, oh ! "

The British shot flew hot,
Which the Yankees answered not.
Till they got within the distance they called
handy, oh !
" Now," says Hull unto his crew,
" Boys, let's see what we can do,
If we take this boasting Briton we 're the
dandy," oh>!

The first broadside we poured
Carried her mainmast by the board,
Which made this lofty frigate look abandoned,
oh !
Then Dacres shook his head,
And to his officers said,
"But I didn't think those Yankees were so
handy," oh !

Our second told so well
That their fore and mizzen fell,
Which dous'd the Royal ensign neat and
handy, oh !
" By George," cries he, " we 're done,"
And they fired a lee gun,
While the Yankees struck up Yankee Doodle
Dandy, oh !

Then Dacres came on board,

To deliver up his sword,
Tho' loth was he to part with it, 't was handy, oh !

" Oh ! then keep your sword," says Hull,

" For it only makes you dull,
Cheer up, and let us have a liitle brandy," oh !

Now fill your glasses full,
And we '11 drink to Captain Hull,
And so merrily we '11 push about the brandy,
oh!
John Bull may boast his fill,
And the world say what they will,
The Yankee boys for fighting are the dandy,
oh !

NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE WAR OF 1812. 363

Americans regained Detroit and all who has reflected much credit upon

the posts surrendered by Hull, and his native state."

Colonel Lewis Cass of New Hamp- At a battle fought at Chrystler's
shire was left in command. The Field, near Ogdensburg, Gen. Timo-
name of Colonel Cass is one of the thy Upham of Portsmouth distin-
most distinguished in the annals of guished himself as a brave officer,
war. He was born in Exeter in With a battalion of 500 men he was
1782, and at the age of seventeen ordered to hold the enemy in check
crossed the Alleghany mountains on while the troops and ammunition
foot and settled in Marietta, Ohio, were being landed. This he did for
At the beginning of the war he was an hour with the greatest gallantry,
chosen colonel of the Third regiment amid a perfect storm of shot,
from Detroit and was sent forward In the spring of 1S14 the British
with 280 men to the Tarontee, a wide declared the whole coast of the United
stream which flows into the Detroit States to be in a state of blockade,
River. Discovering a British picket, and forthwith British cruisers ap-
with his force he waded arm- pit deep peared along the shore, capturing and
across the stream, surprised the burning American vessels. The in-
enemy, who fled at the first fire, Cass habitants of Portsmouth became
following them for a half mile, with greatly alarmed and demanded a
drums beating Yankee Doodle. This stronger defensive force. Governor
was the first engagement of the war, Gilman issued orders for detachments
and was hailed throughout the coun- from twenty-three regiments of the
try as an omen of success, and Colonel militia, and commanded the entire
Cass was called the "Hero of Tar- state militia to hold themselves in
ontee." readiness to march at a moment's
One historian says, " Colonel Cass warning. So great was the enthusi-
was evidently the man of the era. asm among the people that a draft
Although he was but a colonel, when had to be made rather of those who
he read the news of General Hull's should stay at home. On the 21st of
cowardice, he exclaimed to the mes- June, between ten and eleven at
senger bringing the news, 'Traitor, night, expresses came into Portsmouth
he has verified our worst fears and with the alarming intelligence that
disgraced the country, but the enemy the British were landing their forces
shall never receive the hilt of my at Rye and were about to march
sword.' So saying, he snapped his north. For a time there was almost
sword in two and threw it on the a panic in the city. Alarm bells were
ground." After the close of the war rung and the people filled the streets,
he was elected governor of Michigan, making their way with all haste to-
and later he served his country as wards the country. Scouts were sent
secretary of war, minister to France, out and soon returned with the wel-
U. S. senator, and secretary of state, come news that the report was un-
it was said of him that "he was a founded. All was* shortly quiet in
brave soldier, an accomplished gen- Portsmouth, but the alarm had spread
tleman, a true patriot, and an able into the interior, and the excitement
statesman, — a son of New Hampshire, was not allayed till some days after,

364

NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE WAR OF 1812.

when the report was contradicted. It
seems that the fear was not without
foundation, for, after the war, a Brit-
ish officer told Colonel Walbach that
he went up the Piscataqua disguised
as a fisherman and found the town
swarming with soldiers, and the pro-
ject was abandoned.

At this time ihe Sanbornton Light
Infantry commanded by Capt. Ware

Gen. Lewis Cass.

Dearborn, moved forward to the sea-
board and was regarded as one of the
finest companies that ever entered
Portsmouth. On a general march
through the streets of the town it was
assigned a place of honor. This com-
pany was discharged Nov. 10, 1814.
Lieut. Chase Perkins on the last day
of his service performed the feat of
walking forty-five miles from Not-
tingham to Sanbornton. It is re-
corded that " the men all returned in
safety, heavier than when they had
left home." A large majority of the
citizens of Sanbornton were at first

opposed to the war, and at a test vote
in town-meeting there were only
eleven men who were ready to up-
hold what were called the republican
or war measures of the administra-
tion.

On July 5th the American troops
attacked a strong British force sta-
tioned at Chippewa. In this battle
Gen. John McNeil of Hillsborough
was in command of the Eleventh reg-
iment, which was obliged to pass the
bridge over Streel's Creek, under the
direct fire from the British battery,
which poured death among his ranks.
However, his lines were formed with
greatest coolness and self-possession,
and advanced with quick step until
they were within fifteen rods of the
enemy, then by a sudden flank move-
.rnent, rushed upon the British with
destructive fire. The ranks of the
enemy soon broke and they fled in
confusion. The effective movement
by McNeil, without doubt, gave the
victory to the Americans. " He de-
served," said General Scott in his re-
port, " everything which conspicuous
skill and gallantry can win from a
grateful country." He was soon
after made a lieutenant-colonel for
this intrepid act.

General Scott with a part of the
American troops marched forward
towards Queenstown with orders to
report and call for assistance, if the
enemy appeared. Upon his arrival
at Niagara Falls, he found the Brit-
ish in line of battle at Lundy's Lane.
A messenger was sent back for rein-
forcements, and an attack was at
once made on the enemy. Major
McNeil had the honor of leading the
brigade' into action. At one time the
British, outflanking our troops, sent
a battalion to attack them in the rear.

NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE WAR OF 1812.

365

This movement was noticed by Major
McNeil, and he promptly met and re-
pelled it, driving the enemy with
great slaughter. His horse was killed
under him by a cannon-ball, and he
himself wounded, a six-ounce ball
passing through his right knee. In
spite of this he continued in the con-
flict. They fought desperately, hold-
ing the enemy in check until the ar-
rival of a fresh brigade under com-
mand of General Ripley, of Hanover.

It was now perceived that unless
the key to the British position, a bat-
tery on the hill, could be taken, the
struggle would be in vain. General
Brown turned to Colonel Miller and
said, " Colonel, take your regiment,
storm that work, and take it." "I '11
try, sir," was Miller's prompt reply, a
saying which history delights to re-
peat. His brilliant charge is best
described in a letter written by Miller
to his wife, in which he said, " It
happened there was an old rail-fence
on the side where we approached, un-
discovered, within less than two rods
of the cannon's mouth. I then very
cautiously ordered rny men to rest
across the fence, take good aim, fire,
and rush, which was done in style.
Not one man at the cannon was left
to put fire to them. We got into the
center of the park before they had
time to oppose us. We fought hand
to hand for some time, so close that
the blaze of our guns crossed each
other, but the British were finally
compelled to give way." This was
one of the most severe battles of the
war, and established the superiority
of the American troops.

The exploit of Miller elicited uni-
versal admiration. The American
officers declared it to be one of the
most gallant acts ever known. " It

was the most desperate thing we ever
saw or heard of," said the British offi-
cers, who were made prisoners. The
moment that General Brown met Mil-
ler afterward, he said, " You have
immortalized yourself ! My dear fel-
low, my heart ached for you when I
gave you the order, but I knew it
was the only thing that would save
us."

Gen. James Miller.

Colonel Miller was born in Peter-
borough in 1776, and was educated
for the bar. His bravery has been
mentioned in connection with the bat-
tles of Tippecanoe, Detroit, Niagara,
Chippewa, and Fort Erie. For this
gallant service he was made brigadier-
general, and received from congress
a gold medal. Upon one side of this
medal is represented the storming of
the battery, with the words, " Reso-
lution of Congress, Nov. 8, 18 14.
Battles of Chippewa, Niagara, and
Erie ; " and on the reverse is Miller's
portrait, with the words, * * I '11 try,"

3 66

NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE WAR OF 1812.

words which Americans and we of
New Hampshire should be proud to
remember.

The command of the army now de-
volved upon General Ripley, who was
born in Hanover in 1782, a grandson
of the founder of Dartmouth College.
He entered the army as lieutenant-
colonel, and before the close of the
war had become major-general. For
gallant action at the battle of Fort
Erie, he was awarded by congress a
gold medal with thanks of the nation.
At this, one of the last battles of the
war, General Miller, Lieutenant- Col-
onels Upham and Bedel displayed
conspicuous bravery.

In the autumn of 18 14 General
McArthur, to attract the attention of
the British forces away from the
movements of our army, made a ter-
rifying raid into Canada. With seven
hundred mounted men, he went hun-
dreds of miles through the enemy's
territory, spreading alarm everywhere,
and for four weeks kept the militia
busy watching his movements. When
his purpose had been thus accom-
plished, he returned to Detroit and
there dismissed his brave band, only
one of the number having been killed.

This is recorded as one of the bold-
est operations of the war, and is, so
far as can be found, the last one of
the many brilliant deeds performed
by the gallant sons of New Hamp-
shire in this second war with Great
Britain. When we consider how very
small a place New Hampshire fills in
the nation, we have just cause for

pride that, in the time of need, our
conspicuous mountain homes could
send forth men, who had been quietly
and conscientiously trained, to uphold
and preserve the integrity of the
country.

We may well rejoice that New
Hampshire has ever been and is still
a state, to use the old saying, where
" men are raised."

The treaty of peace was signed at
Ghent in December, 18 14, and re-
joicings loud and long went up
through the length and breadth of the
whole land. But nowhere were the
people more grateful for the return of
peace than in New Hampshire. The
legislature passed resolutions which
were but an echo of public sentiment
in the state. These resolutions in
part were as follows :

" Resolved, That this legislature
duly appreciate the important services
rendered to the country by officers,
seamen, and soldiers of the United
States, in many brilliant achieve-
ments and decisive victories, which
will go down to posterity as a memo-
rial that the sous of those fathers who
fought the battles of the Revolution
have imbibed that exalted and uncon-
querable spirit which insures victory ;
and, were it not invidious to particu-
larize, this legislature could not fail
to recognize and designate, with sen-
timents of peculiar pride and pleasure,
many of the hardy and independent
sons of New Hampshire among those
who enjoy the best claim to the grate-
ful remembrance of their country."

Sources of Authority : Lossing, " Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812 " ; Potter, " Military
History of N. H.," v. 2 ; Auchinlick, " History of the War of 1812 " ; Runnells, " History of San-
bornton " ; Elson, " National Music of America."

Note. — In several instances accounts of battles, etc., have been taken, with a few changes,
directly from the records of the above authorities.

THE BURDON ROBBERY, AS TOLD BY INSPECTOR SHAW.

By Bennett B. Perkins.

DISTINCTLY remem-
ber the day on which
we first received notice
of the Burdon Robbery.
It was in September ;
the weather damp and disagreeable,
and the fog unusually thick even for
London.

I had but just returned to Scotland
Yard from the Bow street station,
when a messenger- boy came hurry-
ing into the chief inspector's office
with the intelligence of the robber}-.
More, perhaps, on account of my
availableness, than because of any
especial ability, the chief assigned
me to the case.

James Burdon was, as I knew, a
broker with offices on Capel street.
He was reported to be wealthy, but
somewhat eccentric. His residence,
whither I was now bound, was at
Fulham. I found it to be a modest,
unpretentious house, standing some-
what back from the road, and with a
hedged garden in front.

Having sent in my card, I was
immediately received by Mr. Burdon
himself, a stout, athletic-looking man
of perhaps fifty years, whose black
hair over the temples was barely
tinged with gray. He received me
cordially, and producing a box of
most excellent cigars invited me to
take a seat opposite him at the long
library-table.

While waiting for him to explain,
I noticed that the room was furnished

more like an office than a library.
The table bore evidences of desk-
work ; while a large safe-vault was
let into the wall at one side of the
room.

By the time I had made a mental
inventory of these things, we had
lighted our cigars, and Mr. Burdon
with business-like promptitude said :

" Mr. Shaw, I have been robbed."

I nodded, and waited for him to
proceed. I prefer to let people tell
their stories in their own way, then
by questioning to bring out the mi-
nor points which oftentimes furnish
the key to the whole mystery.

"Last night," he continued, "I
placed a jewel in that safe. It 's
gone — "

But here I felt it my duty to break
the rule and interrupt ; some people
always tell a story backwards.

" Pardon me, Mr. Burdon," I said,
" but I should much prefer, if I am
to understand this thoroughly, that
you go back to the very beginning
and tell me what the jewel was ;
where you obtained it ; who else had
an interest in it ; and all the other
circumstances connected with the af-
fair that you may remember. ' '

He appeared disturbed at this, but
after a pause said :

" Well, if it is necessary for you to
know, and I suppose it is, I will tell
you the whole story.

' ' A year ago I was informed by a
business acquaintance, Mr. Richard

3 6S

THE BURDON ROBBERY.

Walters, of a very valuable diamond
in South Africa which could be ob-
tained by the outlay of a consider-
able sum of money, although but a
small percentage of its value. This
money he did not have ; conse-
quently he proposed that I furnish
the necessary funds, and he would
go to Natal and procure the stone,
receiving for his services one third of
the proceeds of its sale.

"Being convinced of the truth of
his story, I conferred with my part-
ner, Mr. Kenwood, and ultimately
arranged the deal.

" L,ast night the three of us sat at
this table and the diamond lay before
us in this jewel-box." Here, open-
ing a draw beside him, Mr. Burdon
produced the identical box.

I took it and examined it closely.
It was the ordinary cheap affair,
about two inches by three, used by
jewelers, a thin, wooden case covered
with black cloth, lined with orange
satin, and having a clasp lid.

"Needless to say," Mr. Burdon con-
tinued, "we were all much pleased
at our success. The outlay had been
comparatively small ; and there be-
fore us lay one of the most valuable
diamonds we had ever seen. It was
roughly cut ; and Kenwood, who is
versed in such things, thought that
it would weigh about fifteen carats.
But what made it of such value was
the fact that it was not white but
red.

"According to Kenwood there is
only one stone like it in existence,
one of ten carats, valued at £ 15,000,
among the Russian crown-jewels.

" Walters gave us a short account
of its history although he was dumb
as to how he had obtained it. It
had once been the property of Sen-

zangakona, the father of T'Chaka,
who ruled the Zulu of the White
Unfolosi. Unkulunkulu, the soul of
God, the Zulus called it, and for years
it had been the royal talisman, worn
around the neck of every paramount
chief; but when Mzilikazi revolted
and fled into Matabelelaud he took
the stone with him, and there its his-
tory became lost.

"I don't know how long we sat
there admiring its beauty, but it be-
came dark before the meeting was
over, and then we concluded to put
the stone in the safe over night. In
the morning we were to turn it over
to Kouf & Maartens, who would dis-
pose of it for us.

"The inner door of that safe
locks with a combination, which we
changed. The outer, as you see, has
a time-lock, which is set for n a. m.
On the outside w 7 e sealed the door
w 7 ith wax upon which each of us
made an impression with his ring.

" We met this morning just before
the time-lock ran out. The seals
appeared intact, the door was locked
by the combination, and the jewel-
box as we had left it, but when I
opened it here upon the table the
stone was gone ! Yes, sir, disap-
peared. I never saw a more dunib-
founded-looking lot of men in my
life. We searched the safe, examin-
ing every nook and cranny, but not
a trace could we find.

" There, Mr. Shaw, you have the
account; what do you think of it?"

"Rather a mysterious case, surely,"
I answered. " Was there anyone
else in the room at any time while
you were here ?"

"The butler came in twice with
refreshments at my call."

"H'm! Did he see the gem.?"

THE BURDON ROBBERY

•69

"I presume so as it lay ou the ta-
ble."

I made a note of his name.

"Now, Mr. Burdon, I should like
to examine the safe."

" Certainly," he replied.

But the more I examined it, the
more mystified I became. The time-
lock I found to be one of the best
American makes ; and I noticed par-
ticularly that the pins were properly
removed for the hour of eleven.

The combination was a Hobb's,
and after trying it several times I
knew it to be in perfect order. The
floor of the vault was of steel, and
this also, after a close examination
with a magnifying glass, I found to
be entirely sound.

" Mr. Burdon," I said, "who closed
the box and placed it within the
safe?"

" I did," he replied, flushing some-
what at the question.

I did not like to suspect Mr. Bur-
don as his wealth ought certainly to
place him above stealing one third
of even a ,£25,000 diamond, to say
nothing of the chances of discovery
in trying to dispose of such a gem,
and the consequent damage to a com-
mercial reputation worth millions.
Yet it seemed by his own admission
that he alone had handled the box.
Still it will never do to jump to con-
clusions in my business, therefore I
sat down and lit another cigar while
I thought it over.

I was thoroughly convinced that if
a technical training went for any-
thing, that stone had been abstracted
from the box before it was put into
the safe. It certainly could not have
been done afterwards and leave the
safe intact, I thought. This being
so, it remained to find the guilty one.

XXX— 26

"Mr. Burdon," I said, "about this
butler of yours. Is he trustworthy ?"

" Yes, I think he is. He has been
with me for a long time."

" Did you notice anything peculiar
about his actions while he w r as in
here?"

" Not that I remember."

An idea had struck me that per-
haps the butler might have dropped
the stone into a glass of liquor w y here
it would be invisible, and so have car-
ried it unperceived from the room.
I had heard of such a thing being
done.

I mentioned this to Mr. Burdon,
but he shattered the theory at once
by saying :

" You forget that the diamond was
there when I shut the box and car-
ried it to the safe."

Here was a poser. How in the
deuce did it get out of the safe ?

With a few more questions to Mr.
Burdon I brought the interview to a
close, and went to both Kenwood and
Walters, but could get no clue from
either, their stories being exactly the
same as Mr. Burdon's. Walters in
particular was very much broken up
over the loss, which was natural, con-
sidering the trouble he had been put
to in obtaining it, and the dream of
fortune now 7 shattered.

Nevertheless I placed shadows up-
on all three, and then, having tele-
graphed a description of the stone to
all the diamond houses in the world,
started to work in earnest upon the
case. I realized that this was a mys-
tery worthy of my best efforts and
skill, and although my reputation
was established here was a chance to
enhance it wonderfully.

Night and day I shadowed and
hunted for clews, yet at the end of

37°

YOUR PLACE.

two weeks I was obliged to acknowl-
edge myself baffled. As a last resort
I interviewed some of the leading
crooks with whom I was acquainted,
and even offered them a substantial
reward, but they all professed the
utmost ignorance, and some whom I
half suspected furnished alibis.

Other matters coming up demanded
my attention, but I still kept an in-
terest in the Burdon Robbery. Wal-
ters soon left the country, going to
South America. He came in and
bade me good-by before he went,
and wished me success. I really felt
sorry for him. It seemed that Mr.
Burdon made him a present of a sub-
stantial check before he went, inas-
much as the stone was lost in his
house.

A year went by, and then when all
of us had given up hope of ever sol-
ving the puzzle, it was explained in
a letter which came to me bearing
the Valparaiso postmark. It read
thus :

Valparaiso, Chili, September, 14, 18—

Dear Mr. Shaw : As I am about to leave
on a long voyage, the destination of which I
will not bother to inform you, I write to give
you a little information upon a subject which
has, no doubt, perplexed you a great deal. I
refer to the Burdon robbery.

I have always admired your shrewdness and
that of the detectives whom you set to shadow
me, but unfortunately you were on the wrong
track.

I am surprised that a man of your experience
did not examine that jewel-box more closety.
If you had you would have discovered that it
concealed a very clever mechanism. The top
and bottom you will find are false, conse-
quently when the box is shut a spring catches
the false bottom, then when the box is again
opened this bottom goes up with the top, carry-
ing the stone behind it. A spring underneath
pushes the other bottom, lined like the first,
up into place, and there you are, an empty box.

It was an easy thing to abstract the gem from
behind the false top while the others were
searching the safe that morning. I hope, my
dear friend, that you will give me full credit
for this scheme, and in return I will make you
a present of the box, unless it has been thrown
away as an object of no account.

The stone I have sold to a private person
for ^"20,000. Please give my regards to Mr.
Burdon.

With best wishes I remain yours kindl}-,
Richard Walters.

YOUR PLACE.
By Laura Garland Carr.

When you review your life path in the past,

From memory's dawn down to the present day,

It seems as if there was no other way
In all the world through which you could have passed.
The path is marked and hedged from first to last.

Though pleasant fields and woods beyond it lay,

Though on each side by paths allured to stray —
Yet bars and gates across them all seemed cast,
If you sometime the hedge had broken through —

A different way across the wild to trace,
With different aims and objects held in view,

With different people coming face to face.
With different thoughts, with different work to do —

Where now, in this wide land, would be your place?

THE CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY AND ITS FIRST

ANNUAL FESTIVAL.

By Henry H. Metcalf.

HIEE there had been
local gatherings of mu-
sicians for drill in cho-
rus and concert work,
under the direction of
instructors of greater or less cele-
brity, at different places in the state,
and occasional public entertainments
in connection therewith, and while
a " convention " had been conducted
in Keene for two or three successive
years, it was not until 1864 that a
regular musical convention or festi-
val was held in the Capital city.
The prime mover in this enterprise
was that earnest and indefatigable
devotee of the musical art, the late
Prof. J. H. Morey, with whom were
associated two others, also favorably
known for years in New Hampshire
musical circles, — Profs. John Jack-
man and Benjamin B. Davis — the lat-
ter the "Uncle Ben" of pleasant
memory, who remained a familiar
figure in the community until his
final departure a few months since.
In an article in the New England
Magazine for October, 1899, entitled
" Forty Years of Musical Life in
New England," the talented pianist
and favorite daughter of New Hamp-
shire — Martha Dana Shepard — says :
"Among the music teachers of the
time two of the best known and most
successful were J. H. Morey and
' Uncle Ben ' Davis of Concord.
Mr. Morey had the reputation of

being the best pianist in the state
and ' Uncle Ben ' was a distin-
guished teacher. These two men,
with John Jackman, another well-
known teacher, conceived the idea
of organizing a state musical festival,
which should meet at Concord, and
to which singers should come from
all over the state. They carried out
their plans successfully, and the first
state festival assembled in Phenix
hall, Concord. There was present a
chorus of a thousand persons. To
accommodate the chorus the stage
was built far out into the middle of
the hall, and the chorus was about as
large as the audience. My father
went down to join the chorus, taking
me with him, as he always did to
such gatherings. I had no idea of
doing anything at the festival but
sing, and joined the chorus. There
were two pianos on the stage though,
and when Mr. Morey, who was to
play one, met me before the first re-
hearsal, he said, ' Martha, I wish
you would play that other piano.' I
said I would play if he really wanted
me to, and did so. That was my
most important engagement up to
that time. After that I played there
every year as long as the gatherings
lasted."

The first published announcement
in reference to this festival was a two-
line paragraph in the New Hamp-
shire Statesman of January, which

37 2

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

ran as follows : "A musical conven-
tion is announced to be held soon in
this city, under the charge of Prof.
L,. O. Emerson of Boston." In the
issue of the same paper for the week
following, January 8, appeared the
following: "We announced last
w y eek, in a brief paragraph, the fact
that a musical convention was soon
to be held in Concord. By a circular
just issued we learn that the members
will assemble on Tuesday, January
26, and their session continue four
days. Prof. L. O. Emerson of Bos-
ton will be director, assisted by Mrs.
Little, vocalist, also of Boston. The
'Harp of Judah,' with the Opera
Chorus book, and the ' Oratorio of
the Messiah,' are the works an-
nounced for use by the convention,
and will be furnished the members
free of charge. It is expected that
many ladies will be present, and as
their stay here will be more agree-
able if spent in families, an oppor-
tunity will be afforded our citizens
to exercise on this occasion their ac-
customed hospitality."

The New Hampshire Patriot of
January 20, referring to the same
subject, said: "The State Musical
Convention, to be held in this city at
Eagle hall, during the next week,
will hold its first session on Tuesday
morning, at 10 o'clock. It will be
an occasion of great interest to those
taking an active part, as well as our
citizens generally. Three grand con-
certs will be given, on Wednesday,
Thursday, and Friday evenings,
January 27, 28, and 29. The whole
under the direction of Prof. L,. O.
Emerson, assisted by Mrs. Minnie
Eittle of Boston, one of the most
popular of American vocalists."

In the Statesman of January 29,

issued while the festival was in
progress, appears the following :
"The announced convention of mu-
sicians is now in session in Concord,
and is one of the largest assemblies
of the kind ever convened in the
United States. The choir which
meets each day for rehearsal, or at
the evening concerts, numbers be-
tween five and six hundred, exclu-
sive of others attracted hither to lis-
ten to the musical performances.
The people of Concord have been in
the enjoyment of a rich musical re-
past." In the next week's issue of
the same paper, February 5, further
reference to the matter is made, as
follows: "When we went to press
last week the great musical conven-
tion had not reached the end of its
session, and it is suitable to return to
the subject to say that it was one of
the most gratifying and successful
assemblies ever held in Concord.
The great hall was packed like a
bale of cotton on the evenings of the
concerts, and some could not obtain
accessor love or money. Resolves,
commendatory of Professor Emerson
and others, and the people of Con-
cord, were passed, together with a
vote to hold another session in this
place. The several music teachers
of Concord, male and female, were
very diligent in their efforts to con-
tribute to the comfort and enjoyment
of people from abroad. Between
seven and eight hundred member-
ship tickets were purchased."

It is not singular that Mrs. Shep-
ard, writing from memory of a matter
occurring more than a third of a cen-
tury before, should somewhat over-
state the number of persons in the
chorus, or that she should locate the
festival in the wrong hall. The first

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

373

sessions were held in the old Eagle
hall, in what is now Stickney's block,
north of the Eagle hotel, but after a
few years the location was changed
to Phenix hall, where the festivals,
which continued under the manage-
ment of Messrs. Morey, Davis, and
Jackman, were held every year until
the last, or twenty-third, which was
held in April, 18S6, in the Granite
State Skating Rink building, on
Pleasant street, which was subse-
quently removed to the Weirs, where
it has since been known as "Music
Hall," and occupied by the annual
gatherings of the New Hampshire
Music Teachers' Association. The
chorus was larger the second year
than the first, the number of mem-
bers being between eight and nine
hundred. The interest in these fes-
tivals, both on the part of the singers
and the public, continued strong for
many years, and they came to be re-
garded as notable occasions, both for
instruction and entertainment, and
commanded the attendance of music
lovers from all sections of the state,
and even beyond its borders. Dur-
ing the twenty-three years of their
continuance, they commanded the
service, and presented to the public
a great variety of talent, of the high-
est order. The conductors included
such men as L. O. Emerson, Solon
Wilder, W. O. Perkins, Joseph P.
Cobb, and Carl Zerrahn. The vocal
soloists in attendance, in different
years, included among others of simi-
lar note, Mrs. Minnie Little, Mrs.
H. M. Smith, Mrs. H. E. H. Carter,
Zilla Louise McQuestion, Ella F.
Darling, Ita Welch, Mrs. Jennie
Patrick Walker, Gertrude Edmunds,
Mr. J. F. Winch, James Whitney,
M. W. Whitney, H. C. Barnabee,

Dr. C. A. Guilmette, J. F. Rudolph-
sen, D. M. Babcock, Charles H.
Clarke, J. P. Cobb, and J. C. Bart-
lett. The famous " Temple Quar-
tette," of Boston, as originally con-
stituted, was a frequent feature of the
concerts, and other vocal combina-
tions were often presented, the Ar-
clamena (ladies) quartette being in
attendance at the last of the festivals,
in 1886. During the earlier years
the Mendelssohn Quintette club of
Boston, one of the most noted organi-
zations in the country, furnished or-
chestral music for the conventions.
Later, after the organization of Blais-
dell's orchestra, by Mr. Henri G.
Blaisdell, home talent was utilized in
this direction. Mrs. Shepard, who,
with Mr. Morey, was an accompanist
during the first festival, served in the
same capacity every year while they
continued. During the later years,
Mr. Blaisdell, who had located in
Concord, was associated with Messrs.
Morey, Davis, and Jackman in the
management of the conventions,
which were discontinued from 1886,
interest having waned, after so long
a time, both on the part of musicians
and the general public. Their influ-
ence, however, was strong and abid-
ing. It had developed a high order
of musical talent, and a cultivated
taste, with which the capital city has
been justly credited through all the
intervening years.

Meanwhile, through the zeal and
enthusiasm of Mr. Blaisdell, and the
occasional chamber and symphony
concerts which he was instrumental
in presenting, public interest in musi-
cal culture and progress was main-
tained in good measure ; and, after
a time, an organization known as
the Concord Choral Union, was

374

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

formed, its object being to bring to-
gether for study and drill, with spe-
cial reference to sacred and classical
music, all singers of the city who
might be inclined to unite for the
purpose, and to stimulate public in-
terest by presenting occasional enter-
tainments. In the course of a few
years several concerts were given,
and one or two oratorios presented.
Meanwhile Prof. Charles S. Conant,
a thorough musician and cultured
vocalist, had located in the city as
teacher of music in the public
schools, and subsequently interested
himself in the work of the Union.
In the winter of i89i-'92 it was de-
termined to hold a grand festival. A
good deal of practice, continuing for
some time, resulted, and finally the
dates and place were fixed for April
25 to 29, 1892, inclusive, in White's
Opera house.

Mr. Blaisdell was the conductor,
and Miss Ada M. Aspinwall, the pian-
ist of the Union, accompanist. Mrs.
Shepard was also in attendance dur-
ing the festival, greatly to the delight
of her many old-time friends and the
general public. Five grand concerts
were held — on Wednesday evening,
and Thursday and Friday afternoon
and evening. At the first concert
the cantata, "Daughter of Jairus,"
was a leading feature ; the last was
signalized by the presentation of
Mendelssohn's " Oratorio of Elijah."
In addition to local talent, including
Blaisdell 's orchestra, eminent soloists
from Boston were present and con-
tributed to the success of the enter-
tainment, including Mrs. Jennie
Patrick Walker, soprano ; Miss Eena
Little, contralto ; George J. Parker,
tenor, and Heinrich Meyn, basso.
From an artistic point of view the

festival was a complete success, but
from some cause or other, which it is
unnecessary to seek or discuss in this
connection, the financial results were
disappointing. A burden of debt
was left upon the Union, and the ar-
dor of its members naturally damp-
ened in consequence, and little fur-
ther work was accomplished or at-
tempted.

It was not until the winter of 1898-
'99 that anything in the line of organ-
ized effort was again attempted in Con-
cord musical life. At this time some
of those who had been leading spirits
in the Choral Union, with others in-
terested, thoroughly imbued with the
feeling that a city numbering among
its people so many good musicians,
and enjoying so wide a reputation as
a musical center, should have a live
organization, devoted to musical cul-
ture and development, and especially
to the careful study of the best works
of the great masters, initiated a move-
ment for a new organization. Prelimi-
nary meetings were holden, and, fin-
ally, at the vestry of the First Baptist
church, January 19, 1899, the Con-
cord Oratorio society was organized,
the following officers and committees
being elected : President, William P.
Fiske ; vice-president, Geo. D. B.
Prescott ; secretary and treasurer,
Isaac Hill ; executive committee,
George N. Woodward, John Henne-
berry, Charles C. Prescott, Mrs.
W. D. Thompson, Mrs. W. E. Ten-
ney. Committee on programme,
George E. Dunn, Miss Alice F.
Parker, Frank E. Brown ; director,
Charles S. Conant ; pianist, Miss
Ada M. Aspinwall.

Mr. Hill not qualifying, at the
next meeting Gen. A. D. Ayling,
who had been president of the Choral

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

375

Union and was deeply interested in
the cause, was made secretary and
treasurer.

A large membership was secured
and, under the efficient direction of
Mr. Conant, who put his heart thor-
oughly into the work, a chorus was
organized and the study of Hadyn's
great "Oratorio of the Creation'
was entered upon. Weekly rehear-
sals were held through the balance of
the winter and spring, until, on the
evening of April 26, a public presen-
tation of the oratorio was made by
the society, in Phenix hall, assisted
by Blaisdell's Philharmonic orches-
tra, and Miss Jennie Corea, J. C.
Bartlett, and Dr. Clark, soloists.

This production was successful
from every point of view. The cho-
rus did excellent work and all con-
nected therewith acquitted themselves
most creditably. Six hundred people
were in attendance and all were
greatly pleased. A balance was left
in the treasury and the society was
greatly encouraged. In February of
the next year a public recital, with
the best local talent, was given in
Grand Army hall. Meanwhile the
study of Mendelssohn's "Elijah" was
taken up, with regular rehearsals,
and the same was publicly presented
on the evening of May 23, Mr.
Conant conducting as before, with
Miss Aspinwall, also, as accompan-
ist ; Blaisdell's orchestra, and Mrs.
E. Humphrey Allen, soprano ; Miss
Adah C. Hussey, contralto ; George
J. Parker, tenor, and Frederick Mar-
tin, basso, as soloists. This presen-
tation was no less thoroughly an ar-
tistic success than that of the " Crea-
tion," though not so satisfactory
financially, the receipts just about
meeting expenses.

The society retained full courage,
and early in the past winter com-
menced work upon Handel's cele-
brated "Oratorio of the Messiah,"
rehearsing weekly, as in previous
seasons. Meanwhile a plan for the
holding of a first-class musical festi-
val, rivaling and recalling those of
the earlier days, in connection with
the presentation of this oratorio, was
gradually developed in the minds of
some of the more earnest devotees of
the cause in the city, both within and
without the society, and after serious
consideration was adopted as practi-
cable, Professor Blaisdell being, in
fact, the prime mover in the project,
and foregoing his customary sym-
phony concert plans and uniting his
efforts with those of the Oratorio so-
ciety for the success of the festival.

Instead of a guaranty fund, as is
sometimes resorted to, but seldom
with satisfactory results, it was de-
termined to secure subscriptions for
season tickets, sufficient, if possible,
to insure the management against loss
in carrying out the arrangements.
The city was canvassed by members
of the society, and, in due time, over
four hundred season tickets were
subscribed for by citizens, at $2.50
and $2.00 each, thus rendering the
enterprise practically safe from a
financial point of view, and demon-
strating the hearty sympathy of the
people with the movement. The
work of preparation went steadily
forward. The chorus increased in
membership, developed stronger in-
terest, and worked with a will and
enthusiasm unsurpassed, responding
fittingly to all the demands of the
faithful and zealous director — Profes-
sor Conant.

The festival dates were set for

376

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

William P. Fiske.
President Concord Oratorio Society.

Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,
and^ Friday, April 30, and May 1, 2,
and 3, and Phenix hall engaged for
the occasion. The plan involved re-
hearsals on Tuesday and Wednesday
evenings, and on the forenoons of
Thursday and Friday, with four
grand concerts, on the afternoons and
evenings of Thursday and Friday.
Blaisdell's New Hampshire Philhar-
monic orchestra of twenty-five pieces
was engaged, the personal services
of Professor Blaisdell, as festival con-
ductor, also having been secured.
The best available soloists were also
engaged in the persons of Miss Anita
Rio, soprano ; Mine. Mary Louise
Clary, alto ; J. H. McKinley, tenor,
and Dr. Carl K. Dufft, bass, all of
New York. Subsequently on ac-

count of the indisposition of Mr. Mc-
Kinley, Mr. Hobart Smock, also of
New York, was engaged in his
place. Mr. Milo Benedict of Con-
cord, the well-known piano virtuoso,
was secured for a solo for the Thurs-
day evening concert, and the ser-
vices of Miss Aspinwall retained as
accompanist throughout. The out-
line announcement for the four con-
certs was as follows :

Thursday Afternoon, May 2, at
3 o'clock : Popular and miscellaneous
programme.

Thursday Evening, May 2, at
8 o'clock: "St. Cecilia Mass;"
"Pilgrim's Chorus" from Tann-
hauser, and a chorus from ' ' Lu-
cia;" overture, "Magic Flute," and

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

377

Gen. A. D. Ayling.
Secretary and Treasurer.

Brahms' "Hungarian Dances;"
piano concerto in F minor (Chopin),
by Mr. Benedict. Soloists in choice
numbers.

Friday Afternoon, May 3, at 3
o'clock: Weber's "Euryanthe,"
overture; Beethoven's "Symphony
in C Major, No. 1 ;" mad scene from
"Lucia;" quintette from " Meister-
singer;" arias from " Tannhauser,"
"Queen of Sheba," and "Samson
and Delilah."

Friday Evening, May 3, at 8

o'clock
siah."

Tin

Oratorio of the Mes-

Time passed ; the chorus, the com-
mittees, and all interested labored
zealously ; the Concord public
awaited developments expectantly,

and the festival came off as arranged,
with some slight changes only in
programme details. The only thing
occurring to prevent the complete
satisfaction of all concerned was a
sudden and severe cold contracted by
Mr. Smock, Friday, rendering it
impossible for him to take part in the
evening's work. In all previous ap-
pearances, as did all the soloists
throughout, he had acquitted him-
self to the highest satisfaction of all,
and his sudden indisposition was re-
gretted as much on his own account
as the deprivation suffered by the
audience. The latter, however, was
but partial, as Professor Conant, who,
as the Oratorio director, was con-
ducting for the evening, himself
stepped "into the breach' singing

373

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

the tenor solos most acceptably, Pro-
fessor Blaisdell assuming the baton
meanwhile.

While the festival as a whole was
a grand success, each number and
part on the programmes being admir-
ably sustained, and while the soloists
did particularly satisfactory work,
the crowning glory of all was the

experienced soloists in attendance,
who pronounced it unsurpassed hy any
chorus with which it had ever been
their fortune to be associated. The
thoroughly satisfactory manner in
which it acquitted itself throughout,
demonstrated not only the earnest
purpose pervading the minds of the
membership, but also the tireless

Arthur F. Sturtevant.
Chairman Executive Committee.

grand work of the chorus, which was
unquestionably as well balanced and
carefully drilled a body of singers
as has ever been heard in the state,
and especially characterized by its
smooth, rich quality of tone. Its
work not only constantly commanded
the approbation and applause of the
audience — undemonstrative as Con-
cord audiences proverbially are — but
excited the warm admiration of the

energy, devotion, and skill of the
director as well as the careful and
sympathetic work of the accompanist.
And here it may properly be noted
that the appreciation of the members
of the chorus, of the faithful service
of Director Conant, was appropriately
manifested by the public presenta-
tion to him in their behalf, during
the last evening's concert, through
Mr. William P. Fiske, president of

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

S79

the Oratorio society, of an elegant
gold-monnted baton.

The list of members of the Concord
Oratorio society, constituting the fes-
tival chorus, all but ten of whom are
residents of Concord, is as follows :

Sopranos. — Miss Elizabeth Averill, Miss
Edith C. Ayling, Mis. Fred Appleton, Mrs.
Cora Mellen Abbott, Miss Charlotte R. Brown,

Johnson, Miss Annie M. Kendall, Miss Flor-
ence N. Little, Miss Ellen McNulty, Miss Bessie
E. Morrison, Miss Idella M. Maxfield, Mrs.
Frank W. Messe, Miss Margaret B. Murray,
Miss Eva M. Morgan, Mrs. J. N. Marcotte,
Miss Bertha C. Morey, Miss Virginia P. Mer-
rill, Miss Bertha Niles, Mrs. H. W. Odlin,
Mrs. S. E. Page, Miss Annette Prescott, Miss
Alice F. Parker, Mrs. C. G. Remick, Miss
Katherine L. Remick, Miss Georgia L. Ring,
Miss Elizabeth M. Randlett, Miss Lucy M.

Henri G. Blaisdell.
Festival Conductor.

Miss Florence L. Brown, Miss Charlotte F.
Bartlett, Miss Grace Bunker, Mrs. Eva E.
Colby, Mrs. J. L. A. Chellis, Miss Ella R. Chel-
lis, Mrs. C. S. Conant, Miss Nellie C. Camp-
bell, Mrs. W. A. Clark, Mrs. Edith B. Chesley,
Miss Blanche M. Dean, Miss Annie S. Emer-
son, Miss Cyrene Emery, Miss Lena Eastman,
Mrs. A. W. Flanders, Miss Maude B. Forrest,
Mrs. Geo. M. Fletcher, Miss Katherine Gage,
Miss Edith H. L. Greene, Miss Edith N. Gage,
Miss Mary F. Hollis, Mrs. J. F. Harriman,
Miss Mae Mealy, Miss Lucy M. Hardy, Miss
Maria D. Hill, Miss Leila A. Hill, Miss Edith
C. Haynes, Miss Sadie I. Johnson, Mrs. Mary

Raymond, Mrs. H. T. Shaw, Miss Winifred
M. Sanborn, Mrs. A. F. Sturtevant, Mis. 1 1. V.
Tittemore, Miss Amy W. Vale, Mrs. Gertrude
F. Vannevar, Miss Melissa T. Virgin, Mrs.
Charles D. Weathers, Miss Bessie M. Woods,
Miss Grace Woodworth, Mrs. las. II. Osgood,
Suncook; Miss Susan Snow, York Beach; Miss
Alice M.Ransom, Newport; Miss Eliza (uni-
mings, South Acworth; Mrs. F. II. Keil, New
London ; Mrs. 1). S. Corser, Contoocook.

Altos. — Mrs. May L. Buntin, Miss Ruth II.
Buntin, Miss Mabel P. Bunker, Miss Nettie M.
Bowen, Miss Nellie M. Clough, Mrs. C. R.
Dame, Miss Grace L. Dearborn, Miss Gertrude

3 8o

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

Charles S. Conant.
Director.

Downing, Mrs. J. M. Gove, Mrs. Fred S. Hall,
Miss Bertha L. Holbrook, Miss Ethel J. Hut-
chinson, Miss Sadie R. Huse, Miss Grace L.
Hubbard, Mrs. C. C. Hill, Miss Nellie J. James,
Miss Myra A. Lamprey, Mrs. Fred N. Ladd,
Mrs. S. B. Morgan, Mrs. W. H. Morton, Miss
Gara E. McQuesten, Miss Mary Niles, Mrs.
Nellie J. Nevers, Miss Louisa Prescott, Miss
Alice H. Patch, Mrs. Cora F. Straw, Mrs. C. H.
Shattuck, Mrs. J. B. Slocum, Miss Agnes V.
Sullivan, Mrs. Mary E. Smart, Miss Ida M.
Tucker, Miss Florence E. Tarleton, Miss Effie
M. Thorndike, Mrs. W. E. Tenney, Mrs. G.
W. Weeks, Miss Effie Weathers, Mrs. Mary P.
Woodworth, Mrs. Frank Woodbury; Mrs. O. B.
Douglas, Suncook; Mrs. Alice M. Rounseval,
Newport.

TENORS.— A. D. Ayling, Benj. E. Berry,
Horace D. Bean, William Bishop, J. L. A.
Chellis, O. W. Crowell, George E. Dunn,
William P. Fiske, Walter II. Fletcher, I. Eu-
gene Keeler, Frank W. Messe, II. Provost,
Dr. F. H. Rowe, Rowland Rhodes, Edward E.
Sargent, Rev. J. B. Slocum, F. C. Smith,
George B. Taylor; Nathan George, Suncook.

BASSOS. — Rev. E. W. Bishop, Clarence M.
Billings, John Bishop, S. M. Burpee, E. A.
Bunker, Emery B. Batchelder, James Burbeck,
W. S. Baker, Henry B. Colby, Fred Davis,
Harry G. J"orrest, H. H. Gorrell, John F. Har-
riman, Charles H. Heath, N. B. Hale, H. M.
James, Walter L. Jenks, Napoleon J. Marcotte,
Philip D. Mclnnis, George B. Morton, Elwin
L. Page, Chas. C. Prescott, George C. Roy,
A. F. Sturtevant, Chas. C. Schoolcraft, J. T.
Spellman, Rev. John Vannevar, James Virgin,
A. C. Whittier, Martin M. Wirrell; F. G. Car-
ter, Lebanon.

Although the weather was decidedly
unfavorable a considerable portion of
the time, a cold and disagreeable rain-
storm prevailing on Thursday both
day and evening, the attendance w r as
good at all the concerts, particularly
in the evening, the audience on Fri-
day night filling the hall considerably
beyond its seating capacity, and effec-

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

38i

Milo Benedict.
Pianist.

tively demonstrating the necessity
for a larger and better appointed en-
tertainment hall in the Capital city.
This liberal measure of public pa-
tronage proves the appreciation of
the Concord people as regards first-
class entertainments in this line, and
their readiness to encourage thorough
musical culture in their midst ; it
also leaves the Oratorio society in ex-
cellent condition for the successful
prosecution of its work in the future,
the total receipts of the festival being
$ r >735, or some $500 in excess of the
expenditures.

This result was accomplished only
through earnest labor, not alone in
the line of chorus drill and careful
preparation for the entertainment it-
self, but in the matter of business de-

tail, involving care, patience, and
persistency. While the president,
vice-president, and all concerned
labored heartily to promote the de-
sired end, it is to the constant devo-
tion of the secretary and treasurer,
General Ayling, and especially to the
tireless energy and zeal, unyielding
purpose and clear business sagacity
of Arthur F. Sturtevant, chairman of
the executive committee, that so sat-
isfactory an outcome is mainly due.

The present organization of the
Oratorio society is as follows :

President, William P. Fiske.

Vice-president, Henry B. Colby.

Secretary and treasurer, Augustus
D. Ayling.

Executive committee, Arthur F.
Sturtevant, Walter L,. Jenks, John

382

CONCORD ORATORIO SOCIETY.

Bishop, Miss Edith C. Ayling, Miss
Annette Prescott.

Programme committee, George E.
Dunn, Mrs. W. E. Tenney, Miss
Sadie R. Huse.

Librarian, George E. Dunn.

The marked success of the society's
first annual festival establishes the
hope of its continuance as a perma-

The finely balanced and splendidly
trained chorus of more than one hun-
dred and fifty voices, heard to such
excellent effect in the grand concerts
of the recent festival, might be aug-
mented by another hundred equally
as good, without going beyond the
city limits ; nor is it too much to say
that among these singers may be

Miss Ada M. Aspinwail.
Accompanist.

nent institution, insuring general
recognition of the Capital city as a
leading musical center, which it is
fairly entitled to be regarded. There
is probably no city of its size in New
England, or the country at large,
with so many good singers or so ex-
much general musical talent among
its population, nor one which is the
home of artists of equal note in differ-
ent lines of the profession.

found those capable of taking the
most exacting solo parts in any line
of festival work, and acquitting them-
selves with credit therein.

Of Professor Blaisdell, as an indi-
vidual artist, as an orchestral leader,
instructor and director, or as a festi-
val conductor, nothing need be said.
His reputation is more than state
wide. No man in northern New
England has done more than he in

OUR HOME. 383

the last twenty years to cultivate school training. Mr. Benedict, like
musical taste and elevate the standard Professor Conant, is a Yermonter by
of the profession. Professor Conant, birth, but has had his home in Con-
who came to Concord from Vermont, cord for many years, and Concord
thirteen years ago, to assume the po- people take just pride in his fame as
sition of teacher of music in the pub- an artist and composer. He is a
lie schools, stands in the front rank born musician and his mastery of the
as a vocal instructor, and has amply pianoforte is as complete as that of
demonstrated his skill as a director, any one in New England. Miss
The great capacity and development Aspinwall is a Concord girl, "native
of the Oratorio chorus is attributable and to the manner born." Her love
no more, perhaps, to his immediate of music is inherent, and her success
work as director than to the thorough the merited result of both love and
instruction which a considerable pro- devotion, in the role of student and
portion of the membership, made up instructor. Her superiority as a con-
as it is largely of young people, had cert and festival accompanist is well
received at his hands during their established and justly recognized.

OUR HOME.

By C. L. Tap pa 11.

Silence reigns ! The shadows thicken
Round about me, damp and cheerless ;

All the charms and light are stricken
From our home, now lone and joyless.

She is gone, my dearest treasure,

From our home she made so cheerful,

Taking with her all its pleasure,
Leaving sorrow keen and baleful.

Though unseen, I feel her presence
Fills our home with light and fervor,

Cheers my life with love's pure essence,
Making home as dear as ever.

So I keep our home, made sacred,
By her love so true and fearless ;

Here our souls are close united,

Holding converse sweet and peerless;

Here I stay till calls the Father,
Happy in her cheer and guidance ;

Then with her pass o'er the river,
Safe with Him, our soul's reliance.

CAPT. OSCAR I. CONVERSE.

Capt. Oscar Irving Converse, U. S. A., a native of the town of Rindge,
born August 9, 1S43, died at Richford, Vt., April 23, 1901.

Captain Converse was a son of Capt. Ebenezer H. Converse of Company
K, Sixth New Hampshire Volunteers in the War of the Rebellion, and Sarah
(Darling) Converse. He was educated in the public schools of Rindge and
enlisted in the First New Hampshire Battery in the early days of the Rebel-
lion, from which he was discharged, for disability, in May, 1863. July 21,
1864, he was commissioned by Governor Gilmore a second lieutenant in the
First New Hampshire Cavalry, promoted to first lieutenant, and mustered out
with his regiment at the close of the war, July 15, 1865. In February, 1866.
he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States army, pro-
moted in May of the same year to first lieutenant and assigned to the Four-
teenth Infantry. His regiment, on account of an outbreak by the Indians, was
ordered to the Western frontiers and experienced a year or more of severe
and exacting service. In 1868, while in command of a batallion he suddenly
became engaged with a body of Apache Indians and was wounded in the hip
and more severely near the shoulder, an arrow piercing the upper arm and
breaking upon the bone. From this wound he experienced great pain and
suffering all through life. For bravery and meritorious conduct in this en-
gagement with the Indians he was brevetted a captain, and on account of his
wounds he was transferred to the retired list, October 19, 1868, and returned
to his native town, where he remained some time, and then spent several
years in European travel. Again returning home he purchased the historic
Calhoun house at Rindge Center, where he established his residence.

He was active in Republican politics, representing his party in numerous
conventions, and his town in the legislature of 1895, during which year he
was appointed a federal inspector of immigration, and stationed at New
York. During the past years he has been acting commissioner and chair-
man of the board of inquiry, and a portion of the time he has been on duty
in Quebec and Halifax, and was stationed at Richford, Vt., at the time of
his death.

Captain Converse married at Walla Walla, Wash., March, 1867, Coralie
S. Mix, a native of New Orleans, L,a. Her father was the late Hon.
James D. Mix, a justice of the court of the state of Washington and the
candidate of his party for member of congress. Ralph D. Converse, their
only child, is a physician.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY. 385

THOMAS B. GARLAND.

Thomas B. Garland, born in Portsmouth, August 20, 181 7, died at Dover,
May 9, 1901.

Mr. Garland was the youngest child of William Garland and Elizabeth
(How) Garland. His father was a friend of Daniel Webster. When three
years old his father died and the family moved to the home of his grand-
faher, David How, in Haverhill. Mr. Garland's grandfather, Col. Benjamin
Garland, was a minute-man in the Revolution. His maternal grandfather,
David How, fought at the battle of Bunker Hill with two brothers. His
ancestor, Peter Garland, came 'from Hampton, Eng., and settled in Charles-
town in 1637.

Mr. Garland graduated at Haverhill academy, beginning, as was the cus-
tom in those days, the study of Greek and Eatin at the age of nine years.
John G. Whittier, though much older than Mr. Garland, was a student at
the academy at the same time.

Subsequently the family removed to New York, where Mr. Garland
became a clerk in the publishing house of D. Appleton & Co. In 1837 he
returned to Portsmouth and shipped as a sailor, making several ocean
voyages.

At the age of twenty-five he married Harriet, daughter of Daniel Kimball
of Littleton, Mass., and in 1845 removed to Dover, where he ever after
resided, and where he was for thirty-three years a clerk at the Cocheco Print
Works. In 1869 he was made treasurer of the Dover Gas Eight company
and held the office at the time of his death. He was treasurer of the Eliot
Bridge company, president of the Dover Navigation company, and had been
a trustee of the Dover Public library since its beginning. He was also a
deacon of the Central Avenue Baptist church.

During the past half century Mr. Garland was identified with Dover's
advancement in many ways, and no more public spirited citizen resided in
her midst. He has been several times a member of the city government and
has served as president, also clerk, of the common council. He was alder-
man in 1876, and was connected with the school board for over forty years,
but in 1897 he declined a reelection. He is survived by two daughters, Mrs.
David Hall Rice of Brookline, Mass., and Miss Caroline B. Garland, librarian
of the public library, and one son, Alfred K. Garland.

ITHIEL E. CLAY.

Ithiel E. Clay, one of the most prominent citizens of Carroll county, arid
one of the most extensive proprietors of forest lands in the state, died at his
home in Chatham, April 6, 1901, in which town he was born August 26,
1819.

Mr. Clay was the son of James and Olive (Elwell) Clay and was educated
in the district schools, and at Bridgton (Me.) academy. He taught school
for several winters in earl}' life, working on the farm in summer. He early
commenced investing his earnings in forest land, and continued so doing

XXX— 'i't

3 86 NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

well through life, so that long ago he had become one of the most exensive
landowners in that part of the country. He also devoted much thought and
care to the management of his forest possessions, commanding in this respect
the approbation of the most interested students of forestry in the country.

The Portland (Me.) Argus in a biographical notice of Mr. Clay sa} T s :
" His large lumber business gave him an extended acquaintance with the
business men of the Saco valley as well as of Portland, by whom he was
recognized as a man of high integrity and honest dealings. He became the
leading man of his section, and his advice was earnestly sought by all who
knew him, and was acted upon with entire confidence. And while never
seeking public favor he served in many municipal offices, including several
terms in the New Hampshire state legislature as representative of his town.
Mr. Clay gave without stint large amounts for charitable purposes and for
the public good. It was owing to his free heart and untiring efforts that the
inhabitants of Chatham have for a long time enjoyed the privileges and bles-
sings of a Congregational church. He was a true philanthropist, and many
worthy poor will mourn the loss of one who could never say no. It was also
due to this trait of his character that the public burying ground of Chatham
has to-day a grand all- granite fence. His genial nature and free and open
heart endeared him to both young and old for whom his sympathy never
failed."

In politics Mr. Clay was originally a Whig, and subsequently a Republi-
can, of which party he was a recognized leader in his section. In public
affairs his influence was commanding, and his judgment widely sought.

Mr. Clay married, October 26, 1862, Caroline Clement Eastman, daughter
of Jonathan Kimball and Phebe (Clement) Eastman, who survives him.

CHARLES C. SMITH.

Charles Calvin Smith, one of the best known and most highly respected
citizens of Littleton, died at his home in that town, Saturday, May ;i, of
acute paralysis.

Mr. Smith was the son of Hiram Brigham and Catherine (Colby) Smith,
born in Danville, Vt., August 18, 1832. In childhood he removed with his
parents to Littleton, where he was reared to his father's occupatiou, that of a
tinsmith, which he followed until his retirement, a few years since, with
much success. He settled in business at first in Gorham, where he remained
seven years, returning then to Littleton, where he ever after remained.

Mr. Smith was an earnest and consistent Democrat in politics and remained
true to his principles and convictions to the laist. He held various positions
of trust and responsibility, having served in Gorham as a selectman in 1863,
and in Littleton as supervisor, as a member of the board of health for many
years, as town clerk from 1865 to 1868, inclusive, and as a representative in
the legislature in 1869 and 1870. He was also a member of the committee
having in charge the construction of the elegant town building erected in
Littleton a few years since.

Mr. Smith was a member of various secret organizations, and especially
interested in Free Masonry, A. F. & A. M. He was a member of Burns

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY. 387

Lodge and St. Gerard Commandery of Littleton, and had been eminent com-
mander. He was also a Scottish Rite Mason of the thirty-second degree. He
was a man of quiet, unostentatious manners and simple tastes, and took
much delight in his home life and in reading. He was particularly inter-
ested in matters of state history, and had been a subscriber to the Granite
Monthly since its first issue, the bound volumes containing every number
from the start being included in his library. Littleton never had a worthier
or more public spirited citizen than Charles C. Smith, and his memory will
long be cherished by her people.

He married in November, 1856, Lizzie, daughter of William Lother, who
died in June, 1876. In August, 1878, he married, Kate, daughter of Henry
Bacon of Dalton, and widow of Charles F. Norton of Littleton. By his first
wife he had a son and two daughters; by his second, one son, all of whom
survive except one daughter by the first marriage.

GILMAN H. JENNESS.

Gilman Harrison Jenness, a well-known newspaper correspondent, writ-
ing extensively over the nom-de-plume of " Musicus " for the Exeter News-
Letter and other papers, died at his home in Pleasantville, N. J., on Sunday,
May 5, 1901.

Mr. Jenness was born in the town of Rye, in this state, in the year 1839,
and there the greater part of his life was spent. He received a good aca-
demic education, and was engaged in teaching in early life. Subsequently
he was superintendent of schools in Rye, and a lecturer upon educational
topics at institutes and other gatherings.

A very rapid, legible, and accurate penman, he was in 1878 appointed an
engrossing and enrolling clerk in the house of representatives, which posi-
tion he held in the Forty- fifth, Forty-sixth, and part of the Forty-seventh
congresses. During this service he gained an insight into the conduct of gov-
ernmental affairs, which few men have surpassed, and formed an acquain-
tance with leaders of public life, which lent exceptional value and interest to
his letters to the press. During his service at Washington he was the regu-
lar correspondent of the Nezvs-Letter and other papers. During Cleveland's
first administration he served as chief clerk in the equipment office at the
Portmouth nav>' yard.

For the greater part of his life Mr. Jenness has been a prolific newspaper
writer, and had had connections with the Associated and the United
Press associations. Few men are so well informed or can write with such
ease, clearness, and charm as could Mr. Jenness. He was equally ready and
effective as a speaker, and his evening address was one of the features of the
celebration of Hampton's quarter millennial celebration in 1888. In 1889 he
removed from Rye to Pleasantville, where, for the greater part of the subse-
quent period, he had been editor of the Pleasantville Weekly Press, taking no
small part in shaping the life of the community.

By a first wife Mr. Jenness left three sons. By his second wife, a daugh-
ter of Hon. William L- Newell, ex-president of the Pennsylvania senate, who
survives, he also leaves a young son and daughter.

388 NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY.

GEORGE R. DINSMORE, M. D.

Dr. George Reid Dinsmore, born in Keene, May 28, 1841, died in that
city, April 29, 1901.

Dr. Dinsmore was the son of the late William and Julia Ann (Fiske)
Dinsmore. He fitted for college and entered Harvard in the class of 1863.
During his junior year his father met with an accident, resulting in a broken
leg, which required his care and attention for some time, and while perform-
ing this duty he became interested in the study of medicine which he began
with the late Dr. George B. Twitchell. On his father's recovery he enlisted
in Captain Barker's company of the Fourteenth New Hampshire Infantry,
preferring not to then complete his university studies. Being in full stand-
ing in his class he was entitled to the degree of A. B. from Harvard as
accorded to other students who enlisted, but he never applied for it. On
going to camp he was thrown from a wagon and his ankle was fractured,
incapacitating him from service for nearly two years. He was appointed a
recruiting officer for New Hampshire, the duties of which position he was
able to perform. He also continued his medical studies. During parts of
i864-'65 he was a medical cadet in the United States Military hospital at
Readville, Mass., and in the spring of 1865 took his professional degree at
the Bellevue Hospital Medical college in New York.

He was soon commissioned an assistant surgeon in the volunteer service,
serving for a time in Virginia. Returning home after a year's service as
resident surgeon in the Brooklyn city hospital and two years' travel abroad,
he established himself in his native city, but was deprived of the use of his
limbs by paralysis over twenty years ago.

Dr. Dinsmore married, in 1874, Miss Helen Jones of Portsmouth, who
survives him, with a son and daughter.

WILLIAM O. NOYES.

William O. Noyes, a prominent citizen of the town of Derry, died at his
home May 9, in the sevent) r -sixth year of his age, having been born in the
town of Amherst, July 26, 1825, removing thence to Derry about 1856
where he made his home on one of the best farms in that town, and where a
large number of summer boarders were entertained. He was actively instru-
mental in organizing the Grange in Derry, and that was the only secret
organization to which he ever belonged. In religion he was a Universalist.

Mr. Noyes had been somewhat prominent in politics for many years past
as a leader of the Populist or People's party, whose candidate for governor
he was in 1892. December 30, 1853, he married Miss Eliza R. Miller, of
Merrimack, who survives him. They have five children, four sons and one
daughter, who are Mrs. Mary Converse of Amherst, Charles O. Noyes and
Sidney M. Noyes of Derry, Elmer E. Noyes of Boston, and Fred L. Noyes
of Manchester.

Durham Library Association.

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