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Full text of "The Granite monthly, a New Hampshire magazine, devoted to literature, history, and state progress"

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THE 



GRANITE MONTHLY 






A New Hampshire Magazine 



DEVOTED TO 



History, Biography, Literature 
and State Progress 



volume xxxix 

NEW SERIES, VOLUME II 



CONCORD, N. H. 

PUBLISHED BY THE GRANITE MONTHLY COMPANY 

1907 



N 

G759 
v, 3 % 

CONCORD, N. H. 

Rumford Printing Co. 
1907 



The Granite Monthly 



CONTENTS JANUARY- DECEMBER, 1907 

Old Series, Volume XXXIX 
New Series, Volume II 

Page 

Administration of Governor McLane, The, by Harlan C. Pearson 13 

Ancient Township of Monson, The, by Charles S. Spaulding 129 

At the Meeting of the Valleys, West Lebanon on the Connecticut, by G. A. 

Cheney 171 

Ayling, Maj.-Gen. Augustus, by H. H. Metcalf 35 

Calef, Robert, "Merchant of Boston, in New England," by William S. Harris 157 

Chase, Hon. William M., by H. H. Metcalf 363 

Concord Literary Institution, by Alma J. Herbert 322 

Conway, Early Settlers of, by Richard Eastman Merrill 216 

Day Among the Hills, A, by Dana Smith Temple 375 

Desert, The, by Timothy Hay 23 

Dover Landing from 1792 to 1842, by Lydia A. Stevens 150 

Down the Connecticut, by Jesse H. Buffum • 319 

Early Settlers of Conway, by Richard Eastman Merrill 216 

Educational Progress .' 358 

Famous Institution, A, by Gardner C. Hill, M. D 335 

First Church in Hopkinton, by C. C. Lord 331 

From Washington to Mount Vernon, by M. Augusta Glynn 277 

Glimpses of Old Lempster, by H. H. Metcalf 235 

Grandmother's Valentine, by Eva Beede Odell 58 

Hanover, the Home of Dartmouth, by G. A. Cheney 393 

Harvie, Alice Gertrude, D. D. S., A New Field for Women 197 

Hen, the Man and the Automobile, The, by Timothy Hay 229 

Historical Sketch from an Arm Chair, An, by Bert P. Doe 132 

Kelley, Brigadier-General Benjamin F., by H. W. Brown, M. Sc 269 

Lear, Capt. Tobias, of Portsmouth, Builder of the "Ranger," by Pay Director 

Joseph Foster, Rear Admiral, U. S. N. (Retired) 85 

Legislature of 1907, The, by A. Chester Clark 99 

Lempster, Glimpses of Old, by H. H. Metcalf 235 

Medieval Farm and Farmer, The, by Fred Myron Colby 274 

Mitchell, Hon. John M., by H. H. Metcalf 139 

Neal, Dr. John H., by H. H. Metcalf 203 

New Field for Women, A — Alice Gertrude Harvie, D. D. S 197 

New Hampshire at Jamestown, by H. H. Metcalf 67 

New President of the N. H. Medical Society, The, by H. H. Metcalf 203 

Old-Time Relic, An, by Fred Myron Colby 55 

One of Her Sons, by Leslie G. Cameron 193 

Our First War of Aggression — Canada the Object 80 



iv Contents 

Parade Ground, The, by Lelia Weekes-Wilson 148 

Peterborough, The Proprietors of, by Jonathan Smith 339 

Pioneer in a Croat Movement, A 3 

Pittsfleld, Queen of the Suncook Valley, by G. A. Cheney 283 

Plummer, Hon. William A., by H. H. Metcalf 371 

Practical Life on the Farm, by C. C. Lord 384 

Prehistoric America, by Edward J. Gallagher 1G4 

Record, An Interesting, by Lucien Thompson 415 

Review of a New Book of Poetry, by Ellen McRobert Mason 419 

Shakers In Enfield, by Edith Mellish Colby 39 

Some Account of New Hampshire, by Fred Myron Colby 77 

Sons and Daughters of Kearsarge, The, by Sarah Harvey Porter 45 

Thanksgiving, by Kate J. Colby 377 

That Awful Programme, by Fanny Grant 28 

Wadleigh, Lydia Fowler, by Ella M. Powers 208 

Weirs, The, by Ira F. Harris • 413 

West Lebanon and the Connecticut, at the Meeting of the Valleys, by G. A. 

Cheney 171 

What Herbs Did Our Grandmothers Gather, and Why? by Mrs. S. W. Foss 378 

Willis, Rev. Lemuel, by Arthur L. Willis 40G 

Woman Suffrage, by Marilla M. Ricker 16 

Editor and Publisher's Notes 32, 64, 96, 136, 1G8, 200, 23.2, 280, 328, 360, 392, 424 

New Hampshire Necrology 30, 61, 94, 135, 167, 199, 231, 279, 326, 359, 390, 423 

Adams, Adoniram J 95 

Adams, George H 391 

Aldrich, Thomas Bailey 135 

Balloch, Gen. George W. 199 

Bartlett, Major John D 62 

Bass, Van Ness 167 

Benton, Rev. Josiah H 326 

Blair, Eliza Nelson 63 

Boardman, Rev. Moses B 359 

Brown, Hon. Horace A 390 

Burgum, John 167 

Burleigh, Hon. Rufus G 359 

Calley, Rev. David 31 

Caswell, Hon. Charles F 423 

Champney, Benjamin 423 

Chatterton, Myra S •. 94 

Colburn, Rev. Henry H 391 

Cummings, Charles 95 

Cummings, Prof. Clara E 61 

Curtice, Capt. Grosvenor A 39 

Davis, Charles-S 327 

Dudley, Dr. Henry W 30 

Dyer, Julia Knowlton 231 

Evans, Hon. Alonzo H 199 

Fabyan, George F 61 

Farr, Ellen Burpee 61 

Fiske, Col. Francis S 326 

Flint, Wyman 31 

Follansby, Mrs. Ella L 359 

Folsom, Samuel H 95 



Contents ▼ 

New Hampshire Necrology — continued : 

Gerrish, Hon. Enoch 62 

Gray, George William 62 

Hall, Rev. Richard 200 

Harrison, Rev. Jonathan B 231 

Haskell, Francis F 327 

Hastings, Hon. Thomas Nelson 199 

Hazeltine, Miron J 95 

Hiland, Dr. Thomas 391 

Hodgdon, Hon. Hiram 279 

Howard, Ada L 94 

Huse, Everett B 61 

Kimball, David B 200 

Leslie, Horace G. M. D 326 

Libbey, Joseph T. S 135 

Long, Capt. George F 326 

Lord, Edwin H 63 

Lothrop, Dr. James E 95 

Manahan, Dr. Valentine 391 

Marden, Hon. George A 30 

Merrill, Semanthe 94 

Morrison, Rev. Nathan J 167 

Moulton, Oliver H 391 

Niles, Hon. Alvord O 231 

Noyes, Prof. G. Leroy 327 

Noyes, Rev. James 423 

Odlin, Dr. Charles C 31 

Ordway, Hon. Nehemiah G 279 

Parsons, William A 135 

Perkins, Hon. Benjamin F 135 

Perkins, John M 391 

Pierce, Col. David R 423 

Randall, Samuel B 62 

Richardson, Col. David C 31 

Robbins, Hon. Zenas C 63 

Roberts, Rev. Daniel C, D. D 390 

Smith, Benjamin F 231 

Smith, Capt. Ewin H 167 

St. Gaudens, Augustus 279 

Swasey, Dr. Charles E 231 

Taft, Prof. Don Carlos 200 

Walker, Rear Admiral John G 359 

Ward, Dr. Sullivan L 327 

Welch, William 95 

Whitcomb, Irvine A 167 

» 

POETRY. 

Angel Land, by Minnie L. Randall 278 

Apostrophe to the Old Man of the Mountain, by Elizabeth Emerson Dorr. . . . 374 

April, by Samuel H. Hoyt 128 

Army with Banners, An, by Frederick Myron Colby 321 

Autumn, by George Warren Parker 334 



vi Contents 

Backward, by L. J. H. Frost 134 

Beautiful Lift 1 , by Cyrus A. Stone 44 

Call, The, by George Warren Parker 404 

Child Who Died at Easter. A, by Charles Hervey Chesley 92 

Daily Deed, The, by George Warren Parker 54 

ivlight, by .Mary H. Wheeler 192 

Entree and Exit of a Mortal, The, by L. J. H. Frost 387 

Far Away, by Clara B. Heath 3G9 

Father's Care, The, by S. H. McCollester 93 

Fly, Little Bird, by C. C. Lord 228 

From Heinrich Heine, by Laura Garland Carr 273 

From the German of Heine, by Laura Garland Carr 324 

Great Stone Face, The, by Elizabeth Thomson Ordway 215 

Hereafter, by Clara B. Heath 43 

Home, by Rev. Raymond H. Huse 84 

In Spirit and In Truth, by Mary M. Gray .. 318 

Is This an Age too Gross for Poetry? by Mary M. Currier 376 

Kearsarge, by Cyrus A. Stone 165 

Kindness, by George Warren Parker 145 

Landgravine's Roses, The, by Fred Myron Colby 146 

Let Us So Live, by L. J. H. Frost 60 

Light Through Darkness, by Earl Anderson 356 

Logs, by Laura Garland Carr 149 

Love's Burden, by J. Franklin Babb 418 

Love's Way, by Frank Monroe Beverly 325 

Love Triumphant, by Charles Henry Chesley 268 

Monadnock, by Iva H. Drew 75 

Moonlight at Cumae, by Frederick Myron Colby 373 

My Home in Old New Hampshire, by Delora Taylor Reed 266 

My Irish Lad, by Emily E. Cole 38 

My Prayer, by Harry Leavitt Perham 76 

Nativity, by Alice P. Sargent 324 

New Hampshire, by Cornelia W. Mead 27 

New Hampshire's Glory, by Adelaide George Bennett 412 

New Year, The, by C. C. Lord 22 

October Sunset, An, by J. K. T 389 

Old, by L. J. H. Frost 11 

Old Home Week, by V. M. Moore 267 

Old Year Farewell, by Georgiana A. Prescott 10 

Orpheus and I, by C. C. Lord 77 

Spring, I Love Thee Best, by Hervey Lucius Woodward 147 

Outward Bound, by Cyrus A. Stone 405 

Pompadour's Fan, The, by Frederick Myron Colby 228 

Rain, by A. H. McCrillis 268 

Reflection, by Isabel Ambler Gilman 422 

Retrospective, by Cyrus A. Stone 357 

Serenade, by Emily E. Cole 196 

Success, by Isabel Ambler Gilman 230 

Summer, by Stewart Everett Rowe 215 

Summer Joys, by Hervey Lucius Woodward 323 

Summer Picture, A, by Mary H. Wheeler 317 

Sunbeams, by George Warren Parker 324 



Contents vii 

Thy Will Be Done, by Stewart Everett Rowe 386 

Trailing Arbutus, by Emily E. Cole 156 

Via Humanis, by H. G. Leslie, M. D 205 

Virtue a Law of Human Life, by Adelaide Hanson Gage 230 

Waters Seek the Sea, by C. C. Lord 131 

When the Night Comes Down, by Clara B. Heath 192 

Winter, by George Warren Parker 22 

Wisdom, by George W. Parker 198 

Woman, by Harry Leavitt Perham 412 

Wouldn't You? by Maude Gordon Roby 54 




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The Granite Monthly 



Vol. XXXIX, No. 1 



JANUARY, 1907 



New Swuen V < 



V 



>^E^r^, No. 1 



A lPi®inieeir Ssa ^ (Sff@&ft WHwememk 



We commend and honor the work, 
and revere the memory, of the men 
who hewed away the forests, builded 
homes, subdued the rugged soil, set 
up the schoolhouse and the church, 
constructed highways and established 
civil government in the various com- 
munities together constituting the 
state of New Hampshire. They 
wrought earnestly and well and suc- 
ceeding generations have enjoyed the 
fruit of their labors. They made a 
noble state, of whose name and fame 
its children, everywhere, are proud. 
But, when, after long years, the spent 
soil yielded gradually dwindling re- 
turns ; when the fertile lands of the 
far West, and the business oppor- 
tunities of the great cities, tempted 
away from their hillside and valley 
homes the young men of the state in 
constantly increasing numbers, till, 
at last New Hampshire became known 
as a state of deserted homes and 
abandoned farms, and agriculture no 
longer held its place as the leading 
industry within its borders, it came 
to be realized by those remaining that 
some steps must be taken, some meas- 
ures devised, to check this tendency 
to abandonment, and rehabilitate the 
rural regions of the state. 

To this end the office of Commis- 
sioner of Immigration was estab- 
lished, whose duties were soon merged 
with those of the State Board of 
Agriculture, and the work of syste- 
matically advertising New Hamp- 
shire farms for summer homes was 



duly entered upon, with the most 
gratifying results, so that at the pres- 
ent time there are few abandoned 
farms in the state. Merchants, manu- 
facturers, bankers, capitalists, poets, 
authors, artists, statesmen, poli- 
ticians, men of affairs, attracted to 
the old Granite State by the rugged 
grandeur of its mountains, the 
beauty of its emerald-bordered lakes, 
its pure water and health-giving 
breezes, have gradually found their 
way hither from all parts of the 
country, until there is scarcely a 
town in the state wherein some of 
these men have not established sum- 
mer homes upon these "abandoned 
farms, ' ' in many cases improving and 
beautifying the same, restoring their 
lost fertility, introducing improved 
stock, and improved agricultural 
methods, and thereby stimulating the 
neighboring farmers to renewed ef- 
fort, along modern lines, to their 
own advantage and the enhanced 
prosperity of the town. 

Perhaps no section of the state has 
profited more through this instru- 
mentality than southwestern New 
Hampshire, and particularly the 
region around grand Monadnock, the 
town of Dublin being specially fav- 
ored. Into this town there came in 
1888, a young man "out of the 
West," named George B. Leighton. 
He was a native and resident of St. 
Louis, Mo., where he was born some 
twenty-four years previously. His 
father, George Eliot Leighton, a de- 



A Pion' ' /• in a Great Movement 



scendanl of the Leighton family well 
known in the early history of Ports- 
mouth, was an able lawyer and a 
sagacious business man, who had 
Located in St. Louis in early life and 
there married a .Miss Bridge, of the 
noted family of that oame from the 



tive business career on the Pacific 
coast. But his father had established 
a summer home in Dublin, and, abid- 
ing therein for a season, he felt his 
love for Edna Dean Proctor's 
".Mountain .Maid. New Hampshire," 
growing so strong and deep that he 




George B. Leighton 



town of Walpole, representatives of 
which still make the latter town 
their home. He had graduated 
from Harvard University, where he 
had been prominent in college jour- 
nalism and as a class day manager, 
and was about entering upon an ac- 



determined to identify himself di- 
rectly with the state and its once 
leading industry. He, therefore, pur- 
chased a large farm and set about its 
improvement, determining to make 
the work return a profit as well as 
furnish recreation. To this, succes- 



A Pioneer in a Great Movement 




Farm Number Two 



sive additions have been made until 
he has now five farms, and some 1,700 
acres of land in all, in Dublin and 
Harrisville. his possessions being 
known under the collective title of 
"Monaclnock Farms." While the 
farms are managed separately, each 
being in charge of its own particular 
farmer or manager, who is held re- 
sponsible for the results attained 
thereon, a general system prevails, 
and the directing mind of Mr. Leigh- 
ton himself is the dominating influ- 
ence. 



Dairying, poultry and maple sugar 
production are leading specialties, 
the former commanding the greater 
attention. The dairy herd, which 
has been largely bred by Mr. Leigh- 
ton, with special reference to the de- 
sired results, now embraces about 100 
cows, being a pure bred Jersey and 
Ayrshire cross, both quality and 
quantity of product being objects in 
view. The most approved of mod- 
ern dairy methods are adopted, and 
the highest prices are commanded 
both for milk and butter, which in 







* * '" 



Farm Number Three 



.1 Pioneer in a Great Movement 



rammer is mainly sold to the summer 
•esidents of the town. " Monadnock 
Farms" butter, indeed, has a world- 
wide reputation. Ii won a bronze 
nedal a1 the Columbian Exposition 
n ( ihicago in 1893, and helped ma- 
erially to win for New Eampshire* 
ho first place among all the states of 
be I Fnion as a butter-making stun- a1 
thai greal exposition. It was also 
iccorded a silver medal at the Paris 
Exposition of 1900, and contributed 
to secure for the United States the 
Gtorand Prix for butter exhibited on 

that asion ; while a few years since 

an exhibil of butter from his dairy 



These farms, which were mostly of 
the ordinary type of "run-down" 

New Bampshire hill farms, when 
taken in hand by Mr. Leighton, have 
been improved and brought into a 
high stale of productiveness, so that 
120 tons of hay and 200 tons of ensi- 
lage arc now secured for the mainte- 
nance of the splendid stock, which 
has been gradually increased in pro- 
portion to the increase in the crop 
product. Perfect system, order and 
cleanliness — the most approved sani- 
tary methods — are observed in the 
management of these farms and the 
production of their output, thus fur- 




Farm Number Four 



gained for Mr. Leighton the first 
prize of a gold watch, at the annual 
exhibition of the Granite State 
Dairymen's Association in Littleton. 
On farm number four, known as 
the poultry farm, several hundred 
White Plymouth Rocks are kept, and 
a number of incubators are in opera- 
tion, and .Monadnock poultry and 
eggs vie in reputation with Monad- 
nock butter. About 1,500 rock maple 
trees, on farms number two and 
three, are tapped every spring, and a 
product of some 250 gallons of the 
finest maple syrup, manufactured by 
the best improved methods, finds a 
ready sale at gilt-edged prices, to 
clubs in Boston, New York and St. 
Louis. 



nishing a desirable model and a gen- 
uine inspiration for the farmers of 
the surrounding region, which has 
not been without a stimulating and 
uplifting influence. And right here 
it may properly be said that nothing 
has contributed more to the rejuve- 
nation and uplift of New Hampshire 
agriculture in recent years than the 
example and influence of those who 
have come into the state, originally, 
with no purpose other than that of 
summer rest and recreation, but who, 
becoming enamored of their sur- 
roundings, and developing a strong 
attachment for the old state and the 
free, health-giving life among its 
hills, have taken up and permanently 
improved and beautified what were 



A. Pioneer in a Great Movement 



at first designed as mere temporary 
stopping places, thus not only becom- 
ing — themselves and their families 
— an integral part of the life of the 
community, but an example and a 
stimulus for the native residents, into 
whose midst they have come, spur- 
ring them on to the adoption of new 
and improved methods in agriculture, 
and developing, as well, the spirit of 
educational and social progress. 

Mr. Leighton, it should be noted, 
was a pioneer in this great movement, 
resulting so effectively in the reha- 
bilitation of the Granite State. He 
came long before the Board of Agri- 



wherein was the home of his ancestry, 
of both lines, in generations past. 

The development and promotion of 
New Hampshire agriculture, and the 
advancement of its social and intel- 
lectual life, strongly as he has con- 
tributed thereto, has been only one of 
the many fields of effort that have 
commanded the attention, the ability 
and the indomitably persevering 
spirit of this energetic young man. 
As was previously stated, when his 
attention was first strongly called to 
New Hampshire, he was about enter- 
ing upon an active business career 
upon the Pacific coast. He became 




Monadnock Farms Post Office 



culture had fairly entered upon the 
work which it has since so success- 
fully prosecuted, and his operations 
furnished an object lesson which the 
board itself utilized to wondrous ad- 
vantage, his work being conspicuous 
among that delineated in the first 
issue of its annual publication — 
"New Hampshire Farms for Sum- 
mer Homes" — now of country-wide 
reputation. No man, indeed, is more 
fully entitled to the respect and ad- 
miration of all those who take pride 
in New Hampshire's progress, and all 
in stronger measure because of the 
fact of his own inherited as well as 
later developed love for the old state, 



President of the Los Angeles Termi- 
nal Railway, and in furtherance of 
the interests of the corporation and 
the business development of the 
region, he found himself compelled 
to take an active interest in certain 
measures of harbor improvement, 
which encountered the active hostility 
of the late Collis P. Huntington, the 
great California railway magnate. A 
protracted contest ensued, which in- 
volved congressional action, with re- 
peated hearings before Senate and 
House committees, resulting, ulti- 
mately, in the triumph of Mr. Leigh- 
ton and his associates; and he it is 
who enjoys the peculiar distinction 



8 



.1 Pioneer in a (Ireat Movement 




Mrs. Leighton's Garden 



of being the only man who ever de- 
feated Mr. Huntington in a contro- 
versy of this sort. 

In 3896 Mr. Leighton disposed of 
his railway interests at Los Angeles 
to Senator Clark of Montana, and has 
since heen engaged in various suc- 
cessful enterprises in different parts 
of the country, his superior judg- 
ment and power of discrimination 
being recognized by his associates as 
an essential factor in the all-absorb- 
ing problem of business success. He 
is a stockholder and director at the 
present time in no less than eight dif- 
ferent corporations, contributing his 
full share to their management and 
success. Nor has he been confined to 
the activities of business life alone. 
Mi- has manifested a dee]) interest in 
th<' cause of civic progress and im- 
provement, reform in governmental 
methods and the improvement of the 
relations between capital and labor. 
As Presidenl of the .Municipal < livic 
League in St. Loins — an organization 
of three thousand members— he was 
prominently instrumental in pro- 
moting the greal work of municipal 
reform in thai city. He is also one 
of the vice-presidents of the Ameri- 
can Civic Federation, and deeply 
interested in its cause; and is a mem- 
ber of the Committee of the Federa- 



tion appointed to promote the estab- 
lishment of a National White Moun- 
tain Forest Reserve, in which move- 
ment he has, moreover, a strong per- 
sonal interest. 

Mr. Leighton is a member of the 
Society of the Cincinnati, of the Sons 
of the* American Revolution, the So- 
ciety of the Colonial Wars, the Pep- 
perell Association, and an honorary 
trustee of the Louisburg Memorial 
Association. He also holds member- 
ship in several prominent clubs, such 
as the Union League of New York, 
the Somerset of Boston and the St. 
Louis and Chicago clubs, of those 
cities. He is at present also inter- 
ested in organizing a branch of the 
National Red Cross, in New Hamp- 
shire. His religious affiliation is with 
the Protestant Episcopal Church, of 
which he is a member in New Hamp- 
shire. He has travelled much in his 
own and foreign lands, and enjoys 
an extensive business and social 
acquaintance throughout the coun- 
try. He married Miss Kayser of St. 
Louis, daughter of Henry Kayser, a 
progressive spirited German, who 
came to this country in 1849. They 
have three sons — George Eliot, Henry 
K. and John Langdon, the latter 
being twins. 

In politics Mr. Leighton is a pro- 



A Pioneer in a Great Movement 



9 



nounced Republican, devotedly at- 
tached to the fundamental principles 
of the party, as laid down in the clays 
of Abraham Lincoln ; but he does his 
own thinking and is the master of his 
own action, taking orders from no 
"boss.'" and acknowledging alle- 
giance to no "machine." With his 
characteristic spirit of independence 
he engaged in the movement fur- 
thered in this state last fall by the 
Lincoln Republican Club, and be- 
came president of the Cheshire 
County organization of that name, 
with no thought or purpose of per- 
sonal prominence or aggrandizement, 
but solely with a view to the libera- 
tion of the party from what had come 
to be regarded by many as oppres- 
sive machine domination. When, 
after the state election, the question 
of the senatorial succession, to be de- 
termined by the incoming Legisla- 
ture, came to the front, and, no one 
else appearing as an independent 
candidate, he was earnestly invited 
and urged by many Cheshire County 
Republicans to become a candidate 
for the United States Senate. In 
their written request to Mr. Leighton, 
these gentlemen said: 'We believe 
that no other candidate who has been 
mentioned as a possible senator more 
truly meets the demand of the peo- 
ple for a fearless, able man, standing 



for adequate railroad Legislation, a 

sane solution of the trust problem, 
parcels post legislation, and other is- 
sues of constructive value in state 
and national affairs." It may be 
noted that among the men uniting in 
the call to Mr. Leighton to become a 
candidate for the senatorship is John 
M. Parker, a descendant of the Hon. 
Xalium Parker of Fitzwilliam, a town 
adjoining Dublin, who was elected to 
the United States Senate just a 
hundred years ago, and was the first, 
last and only senator that Cheshire 
County ever had. 

Responding in a characteristic let- 
ter to this invitation, and indicating 
his assent under the circumstances, 
Mr. Leighton succinctly set forth 
some of the objects for which he 
would diligently labor if elected, 
which are briefly summarized as 
follows : 

First: The establishment of a Na- 
tional White Mountain Reservation; 

Second: The adequate develop- 
ment and maintenance of the Ports- 
mouth navy yard; 

Third: The development of the 
port of Boston as a port of inter- 
national trade; 

Fourth: The regulation of public- 
service corporations; and 

Fifth: Parcels-post legislation. 

Whatever may be the outcome of 




Mrs. Leighton's Sheep 



.1 Pioneer in a Great Movement 



this efforl of his friends, and of those 
who believe thai Ins election to the 
Senate would signalize a marked im- 
provement in the manner of deter 
mining senatorial elections in New 
apshire, and would have a bene- 
ficial effed in the shaping of na- 



tional legislation, il must be con- 
ceded by all thai as a pioneer in 1 he 
movemenl for the rehabilitation of 
the stale he is entitled to and will be 
universally accorded the gratitude 
and good will of New Hampshire 
people, of all parlies and sections. 

"1 




Monadnock Lake and Mountain 



dl Y©&ff, Faff@w©lfl 

By Georgiana A. Prescott 

'Twas the twelfth month and the earth was again in white. 

In the vast sky-dome stars in olden beauty shone, 
Bright 'ning the darkness with the splendor of light. 

I heard on the far shore the breaking sea weaves moan. 

Onward through space a strange procession swept. 

'Twas Old Year and his band. I knew each one. 
They waved a farewell, then I turned and wept, 

For I knew that their stay here on the earth w r as clone. 

Will the pearl gates ope that in lustrous beauty shine? 

W i 11 the time-travelers enter the Holy Place ? 
Keeord-bearers, 0, Mortal, of your life and mine. 

Higher and higher speeding through limitless space. 

Whither, whither, I cried, but no' answer came. 

They silently, swiftly from my sight passed away. 
Long I pondered the meaning, till a mighty flame 

In the East proclaimed to the world a New Year's Day. 



By L. J. H. Frost 

What is it to grow old ? 

It is to have the raptures of our youth 

Pale and die silently. 

Hope's morning- glories wither: The blush rose 

On our cheek fades out forever. 

The "windows of the soul" dimmed by the dust 

Of time's swift flying cycles, 

Fail to discern the distant mountain peaks. 

The feet grown weary, now 

Loiter along the way that leads into 

The great unknown hereafter. 

It is to have the memory linger long 

And lovingly beside the 

Grass-grown graves of by-gones. 

To feel that life henceforth has 

For us but a burden that we fain would 

Lay aside at close of day 

And sink into a calm, peaceful slumber. 

For life is but a conflict 

In which we suffer loss and bitter pain 

And feel to die is gain. 

"What is it to grow old ! 

It is to know with gladness that for us 

Life's journey is most ended. 

To feel our weight of care grow lighter, and 

To sense the gentle pressure 

Of detaining love that fain would have us 

Linger longer ere we say 

Farewell and cross the dark, mystic river. 

It is to walk with slow but 

Calmer tread along life's way and without 

Faltering climb the rugged 

Heights that cross the path that leads us toward the 

Deathless city that lieth 

In the vast beyond within the golden 

Gates of morning; cherishing 

Along the way sweet, holy memories 

Of those who long ago passed 

On before to give us loving greeting 

At the gate of Heaven. 

And walking in the sweet, solemn cpiiet 

Of life's evening to see 

Shining through the open bars of sunset 

The brightness of that glory 

That illumes the nightless land. And feel 

The presence of One walking 

Beside us and hear a low voice saying — 

"Fear not. I will guide thee 

Unto my Father's house of many mansions." 




Hon. John McLane 






By Harlan C. Pearson 



A degree of perspective is necessary 
for the proper appreciation of histor- 
ical events, and it is the rule that the 
contemporary student and critic fails 
to assign the due value to occurrences 
of the day. which, as time goes on, 
loom larger and larger upon the can- 
vas of the past. 

It is evident, however, even to the 
casual observer, that the part of the 
state of New Hampshire in national 
and international affairs has been un- 
usually great during the years 191)5 
and 1906, covering the administration 
of Gov. John McLane. 

Of chief importance in this connec- 
tion, of course, was the signing, in 
Xew Hampshire's only seaport city, of 
that treaty between the empires of 
Russia and Japan which will live in 
history as the Peace of Portsmouth. 

It will be remembered that early in 
1905 those great nations, worn and 
weary with the war that was draining 
their life-blood, accepted President 
Roosevelt's suggestion that their ac- 
credited ambassadors meet in the 
United States for the consideration of 
terms of peace. It was at once ap- 
parent that the summer climate of 
Washington, the national capital, 
made that city impossible as the seat 
of the conference. 

Then it was that Governor McLane, 
as the chief executive of the state, 
acted with prompt efficiency and keen 
appreciation of the situation which 
brought to New Hampshire great ben- 
efit and fame. 

Through the Russian and Japanese 
embassies at Washington official in- 
vitations were extended to their re- 
spective governments, on June 22, 
1905, by Governor McLane, to conduct 
their peace negotiations wherever 
within the boundaries of New Hamp- 
shire the conditions of access, envi- 
ronment, entertainment and climate 



should be considered most suitable for 
the purposes in view. 

After careful investigation it was 

announced through the state depart- 
ment, on July 10, that New Hamp- 
shire's invitation had been accepted 
and that its most historic city, Ports- 
mouth, had been fittingly selected as 
the scene of a conference whose out- 
come would affect the whole world, 
its history and geography. 

On Tuesday. August 8, Governor 
McLane, accompanied by his council 
and staff, and the state congressional 
delegation, formally received the 
plenipotentiaries and their suites in 
the court house at Portsmouth, and 
extended to them New Hampshire's 
welcome. 

The following day saw the begin- 
ning of the peace negotiations, which 
were conducted on federal govern- 
ment territory in the stores building 
at the United States navy yard in 
Portsmouth Harbor: and which cul- 
minated on Tuesday. September 5, in 
the signing of the Treaty of Ports- 
mouth. 

During the month that intervened 
the eyes of the world were centered 
on Portsmouth, on the island in its 
harbor where dignified and worthy 
representatives of great powers sat in 
solemn conference, and on the great 
hotel in the Newcastle suburb where 
the remaining hours of day and night 
were variously spent. 

Governor McLane was present in 
person at Portsmouth during much of 
the time spent in the deliberations 
which consummated in peace. He 
himself gave unstintingly to doing all 
that lay in his power or in that of his 
state to promote the comfort and con- 
venience of the peace commissioners 
and to further their great object. 

That attained, he planned for the 
participants in that historic gathering 



14 



Tin Administration of Gorcn/or McLane 



ji flying trip through New Hampshire, 
which would have shown them her 
mosl celebrated scenes of natural 
beauty and chief centers of adminis- 

lr;it it'll and indusl r\ . 

This trip was looked forward to 
with nits! pleasurable anticipations 
by Hi"-'' r<>r whom it was planned, 
hut. unfortunately, the ambassadors 
were summoned home by their rcspec- 
tive governments immediately follow- 
ing tli.' signing of tin' treaty; so thai 
in. time was allowed them for the rest 
;iinl recreation which Governor Mc- 
Lane, in behalf of the state, offered 
them. 

So favorably, however, had the 
peace embassies been impressed with 
the endeavors to make them comforta- 
ble and to expedite their mission, that 
soon after their departure from New 
Hampshire their respective govern- 
ments asked the state to receive from 
them gifts of $10,000 each, to he ex- 
pended upon its charities and philan- 
thropies at the discretion of the gov- 
ernor. These pjifts now constitute a 
fund, the income from which will be 
expended annually in accordance with 
the wishes of its donors. 

Much was done by Governor Mc- 
Lane. and during his administration, 
to preserve and make accessible those 
natural beauties of New Hampshire to 
which reference has been made and of 
which the whole state is so proud. 

A hill creating a national forest re- 
serve to include our Presidential 
Ran lie and some other parts of the 
White Mountain territory had been 
introduced in Congress some time be- 
fore, and there had slept the sleep 
of many a meritorious measure that 
lacks earnest and enthusiastic sup- 
port. 

Such support Governor McLane 
furnished by going to "Washington at 
the head of a distinguished and repre- 
sentative New England delegation; 
there joining forces with Governor 
Glenn of North Carolina and others 
interested through the inclusion of the 
Southern Appalachians in the bill; 
appearing before congressional com- 



mit tecs in its favor; and imparting 
knowledge and creating sentiment 
which resulted in the passage of the 
hill by the Senate. 

.More recently he has been again in 
Washington upon a similar errand; 
and while he did not succeed in broad- 
ehing the view of the speaker of the 
House to an extent that would allow 
the passage of the hill by that body, 
he did have the pleasure of learning 
that the intelligence, public spirit and 
real statesmanship of the nation is be- 
hind the measure. 

"Preserve the forests and improve 
the roads ' ' have been the watchwords 
of progress in New x Hampshire of re- 
cent years and to both the McLane ad- 
ministration has been consistently and 
efficiently loyal. Reference has been 
made to the governor's work in for- 
estry. In the line of good roads his 
administration has seen the inaugura- 
tion of a policy, which, in the six-year 
period set for it, will expend $750,000 
from the state treasury, partly in con- 
struction and maintenance of state 
roads along the seacoast and in the 
mountains, and partly in the aid of 
cities and towns in the permanent im- 
provement of main highways. 

The act of the Legislature of 1905 
establishing this policy and making 
the necessary appropriations for car- 
rying it into effect placed the direc- 
tion of its operations and the respon- 
sibility for its success in the hands of 
the governor and council. The diffi- 
culties attending the inauguration of 
such an enterprise have been over- 
come, and visitors to New Hampshire 
already notice and thankfully com- 
ment upon the improvement in Gran- 
ite State roads. 

As the proceedings at Portsmouth 
linked inseparably in memory the 
grand word, "Peace," and the Mc- 
Lane administration, so, it may be, 
another event of the two years w T ill 
hereafter be associated with the naval 
battles of some great war of the fu- 
ture. On Saturday, June 30, 1906, 
at Camden, N. J., the governor and 
his party witnessed the launching of 



The Administration of Governor McLane 



15 



the magnificent battleship, New 
Hampshire, his daughter, Miss Hazel 
McLane, christening the great fight- 
ing machine which will fittingly rep- 
resent our Granite State in the na- 
tion's new navy. 

On other occasions outside of the 
state, not so peculiarly New Hamp- 
shire's own, but still demanding rec- 
ognition from her by virtue of her 
place as one of the thirteen colonies of 
the Revolution, and one of the sover- 
eign states of today, Governor Mc- 
Lane has represented this common- 
wealth with credit to himself and to 
her. 

The result is that during the past 
two years New Hampshire has been 
one of the few states with a governor 
whose name has been known and hon- 
ored beyond the range of his own peo- 
ple and his own immediate duties. 

And while the peace ambassadors 
and the notables they brought in their 
train have been the most distin- 
guished of the visitors to New Hamp- 
shire during this period, they have 
not been the only ones to whom the 
governor has given welcome. Twice 
he met at Bretton Woods the arriving 
tourists of the Glidden endurance run 
and congratulated them on the success 
of the principal event in the automo- 
bile annals of each year. 

In 1905 he greeted the insurance 
commissioners of the country on the 
occasion of their annual meeting in 
this state. And other national and in- 
terstate associations have had him as 
their host and guest in one or many 
occasions. 

To the many calls from his own 
state Governor McLane has been 
equally prompt and generous in re- 
sponse in person and in speech. The 
veterans of the Grand Army of the 
Republic, their wives and sons and 
daughters ; the Patrons of Husbandry, 
the teachers, the commercial travelers, 
the national guardsmen, and many 
other organizations, have found the 
governor a delightful guest and a 
talker with something to sav. At Old 



Home days and state fairs, at college 
commencements and summer carni- 
vals, he has been equally at home. 

People who are acquainted with the 
story of his life, but not with the man 
himself, generally are surprised the 
first time they hear him speak. 
"Why!" they exclaim, "that is the 
speech of a cultured gentleman, not 
of a 'self-made' man. " And they are 
right, but it is the culture of much 
travel and broad intercourse, wide 
reading and deep thought, not the cul- 
ture of a college course for which the 
Scotch boy of forty years ago had 
neither the time nor the means to 
even prepare. 

The keen but conservative manner 
of thought, the direct and unswerving 
habit of expression and action which 
characterize Governor McLane both 
in private and in public, in his indi- 
vidual and in his business life, he has 
applied through his administration .to 
the affairs of the council chamber, to 
the many important appointments 
there to be made, the many perplex- 
ing questions to be answered, the oft- 
time conflicting interests to be justly 
weighed. 

One of these situations was of such 
a nature that pretty much the whole 
country watched New Hampshire 
with interest to see how her governor 
would come out of it. And when 
pool-selling stopped at Salem and else- 
where, and stayed stopped, the repu- 
tation of New Hampshire for civic 
virtue and for public men of honesty 
and grit rose rapidly in the public es- 
timation. 

As was said in the beginning, New 
Hampshire, during the administration 
of Governor McLane, figured more 
largely than has been her wont in na- 
tional and international politics and 
history. But it was also, with her, a 
period of self-searching and self-find- 
ing. And it was fortunate for her 
that she had at the head of her affairs 
during this period a man not only of 
the, wisdom and the tact, but also of 
the independence and the probity of 
John McLane. 



WomniM Suffrage 



By Marilla M. Rich r 



Many letters come to me asking 
about woman suffrage and I see many 
articles in papers sonic of them writ- 
ten by people who ought to be author- 
ity on the subject — but T find many 
mistakes; consequently, T will so far 
as i1 lies in my power, answer the 
questions that have been asked. 

In 1869, Wyoming, then a terri- 
tory, granted full suffrage to her 
women. In 1S90, twenty-one years 
later, Wyoming was admitted to 
statehood with equal suffrage for 
women in its constitution. There was 
some opposition to the suffrage clause, 
but the best men in the territory 
openly declared that they preferred 
to stay outside with their women than 
to be admitted without them. 

In 1893, Colorado granted full 
suffrage to women on same terms with 
nun. In 1895 came admission of 
T'tali into statehood, with equal suf- 
frage in its constitution, which had 
been adopted by popular vote. In 
1896 full suffrage was granted to 
women in Idaho, on same terms as to 
men — by constitutional amendment. 
In 1887 municipal suffrage was 
granted Kansas women by legislative 
enactment. 

The first American w 7 oman to de- 
mand the right for suffrage was Mar- 
garet Brent. It was on the 24th day 
of June, 1617. The assembly was in 
session in Baltimore. Md. She ap- 
peared and demanded a voice and vote 
in the assembly. They refused to 
allow her to vote and she protested 
against all the acts of the session as 
invalid. Calvert (Lord Baltimore) 
governor. Margaret Brent was 
ills cousin. 

The first place where women were 
permitted to vote in this country was 
Newark. X. J. (See Gordon's His- 
tory and Chronicles of New Jersey.) 



In 1807 there was a contest between 
Newark and Days Hill, to determine 
the location of the court house. By 
a construction then given to the state 
constitution, the women were allowed 
to vote. 

The first woman 's rights convention 
was held at Seneca Falls, N. Y., in 
1848. The "call" was issued by Lu- 
cretia Mott, Martha C. Wright, Eliza- 
beth Cady Stanton and Mary Ann 
McClintock. At the end of the second 
day the convention adjourned and 
met asain in two weeks in Rochester, 
N. Y. 

Emily P- Collins formed the first 
local suffrage society in the world, at 
South Bristol, N. Y., in 1848. The 
first woman suffrage convention 
which I attended, and the first one 
ever held in Washington, D. C, was 
in 1869. It was in Carroll Hall, on 
the 19th and 20th days of January. It 
was a period of great interest and 
many important measures of recon- 
struction w T ere under consideration. 
The fourteenth amendment to the con- 
stitution was ratified, but the fifteenth 
was still pending and several bills 
were before Congress on the suffrage 
question. Petitions and protests 
against all amendments to the consti- 
tution regulating suffrage on the basis 
( f sex w r ere being sent in by the thou- 
sands in charge of. the Washington 
(D. C.) Association. The Revolution, 
Susan B. Anthony's paper, did heroic 
work during the fall of 1868. 

On the morning of the 19th of Jan- 
uary, the business committee assem- 
bled in the ante-room of Carroll Hall 
to discuss resolutions, officers, and so 
on. Senator Pomeroy from Kansas 
was present and made an able speech. 
I remember how important I felt. It 
had been the dream of my life to vote, 
and, really, at that time, I thought 



Woman Suffrage 



17 



the "Millenium," otherwise "Woman's 
Dav, was soon to materialize and 
visions of what I would do when I had 
a vote danced before my imagination. 
Lucretia Mott was chosen presi- 
dent; resolutions were reported and 
everything was in fine working order 
except the furnace and when Pomeroy 
announced that he must go to the 
capitol, Susan charged him with try- 
ing to avoid the smoke. Mrs. Stanton 



the close of this convention a commit- 
tee of women, appointed by the con- 
vention, was received at the capitol 
by the committee of the Senate and 
House, for a formal hearing, the ob- 
ject of which was to request the hon- 
orable gentlemen to present a bill to 
Congress for enfranchising the 
women of the District of Columbia. 
Hanibal Hamlin of Maine, chairman 
of the committee, introduced them. 




Marilla M. Ricker 



made a great speech on the evening of 
the 19th. She spoke for a sixteenth 
amendment and there was a discus- 
sion, Fred Douglass, Doctor Purvis 
tnd many others speaking. 

The second "Washington (D. C.) 
convention assembled at 10 a. m., Jan- 
uary 19, 1870, at Lincoln Hall, and 
lasted three days. 

On the morning of the third day 
Senator Sherman was present. At 



Mrs. Stanton made the first speech, 
Susan Anthony, the second. 

The young and brilliant Victoria 
Woodhull materialized in December, 
1870, and presented her memorial to 
Congress and secured a hearing 
before the judiciary committee of the 
House. Her efforts at that time were 
outside the suffrage association. The 
aim of that body had been to obtain 
the franchise by amending the consti- 



L8 



Woman Suffrage 



tution. Eer argument was that no 
amendment was accessary — that 
equality was already granted to both 
sexes under the constitution as it 
stood. The memorial is too long for 
a magazine article, but it was printed 
in the Congressional Globe, Decem- 
ber 21, 1870. In the Senate, Mr. 
Harris presented the memorial. In 
the House, Mr. Julian. Charles Sum- 
ner agreed with her. It was consid- 
ered by constitutional lawyers to be 
the most able document ever presented 
to Congress. On January 30, 1871, 
Mr. Bingham submitted the majority 
report to the House of Represent- 
atives. On the following day, Judge 
Longhbridge and General Butler 
presented the minority report. They 
exhaustively reviewed all the points 
in the memorial, upheld its conten- 
tions and fortified them by quotations 
from eminent jurists and constitu- 
tional lawyers and recommended that 
Congress should pass a declaratory 
act forever settling the disputed ques- 
tion of woman suffrage. Victoria 
Woo dim 11 drafted her memorial, got 
it submitted to Congress and referred 
to the judiciary committee and they 
listened to her with great pleasure 
and interest and the acute legal minds 
of the best lawyers in the country 
were on her side. In the whole his- 
tory of the Woman's Movement, this 
was the most notable event and is 
unto this day. 

It was so apparent to me that I 
thought our New Hampshire officials 
would see the justice of it, so I hur- 
ried home and appeared before John 
R. Varney, Charles P. Shepard and 
William H. Vickery, our selectmen, 
and asked them to put my name on 
1he checklist, telling them I was a 
law-abiding, tax-paying citizen, and 
wished to vote, leaving with them a 
printed argument on the subject 
which I considered unanswerable, and 
do now, but they thought otherwise, 
and when I appeared at the polls 
three days later, my name was not on 
the checklist. Many excellent men 



fail to see things in their true light. 

Susan B. Ant bony entered the suf- 
frage work in 1852 and took the 
laboring oar, joined by Ernestine L. 
Rose, Rev. Antoinette Brown and 
Amelia Bloomer. Susan was a great 
woman. I've heard her say many 
times, "Freedom cannot be bestowed, 
it must be achieved." "Education 
cannot be given, it must be earned." 
She caused the women to think for 
themselves and in that way they were 
educated. Miss Anthony's sense of 
justice was never outraged for herself 
alone. She had in mind always the 
weaker women and the children. 

Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady 
Stanton and Matilda Joslyn Gage did 
much towards securing better laws 
for the women of New York. They 
were a trinity that have never been 
equalled on the suffrage platform, or 
elsewhere. They could see no provi- 
dence fighting for equal suffrage; no 
Father in Heaven battling for 
woman's equality. They saw injus- 
tice triumph and wrong sustained by 
the votes of men, and they did not 
hear the voice of God setting aside 
the verdict. They tried to do what 
Providence had neglected to do ; tried 
to bring more justice, more love, more 
kindness into the world. They were 
not assisted by priests or parsons. 

The first woman suffrage meeting 
ever held in New Hampshire was on 
December 22, 1868, at Eagle Hall, 
Concord. It was held in response to 
a "call" signed by Nathaniel White 
and other leading citizens. The meet- 
ing was called to order by Armenia S. 
White, who called upon Col. J. E. 
Larkin to read the following "call," 
which should be reprinted in every 
paper in this country : 

"The spirit of the age, vigilant for 
justice, purified and matured by the 
recent struggles and experiences for 
the redemption of a race, still grasps 
an evil, unjust and oppressive in its 
results. While our national declara- 
tion affirms the self-evident truths of 
equality and that all just govern- 



Woman Suffrage 



19 



merits derive their power from the 
consent of the governed, our demo- 
cratic government holds arbitrary and 
unjust sway over one half its subjects. 
No discerning mind can fail to be ar- 
rested by the doubtful policy of with- 
holding the ballot from the mothers, 
wives and daughters who adorn our 
homes with the highest culture and re- 
finement, while it is conferred so 
freely on foreigners just arriving 
from the social degradation and ignor- 
ance of the Old World. 'Vigilance is 
the price of liberty.' 'Man is only 
just to himself when he is just to all. ' 
Free discussion and agitation are the 
life of progress. No position in life 
in which woman is not co-equal and 
absolute in her relations, involving a 
community of interests which should 
have no antagonisms and cannot be 
separate or hostile, can exist without 
muddying the springs from which 
it draws its highest life. Truth is 
reviving and right is everywhere as- 
serting itself to fulfil its noblest 
duties. The public is aroused for 
justice. The times are propitious. 
We are sowing fallowed ground; our 
movement is only reciprocal with sis- 
ter states, and from across the water 
comes encouragement of 'God Speed 
You.' The ballot is our final argu- 
ment. Come to the convention and 
give us the inspiration of your best 
thought and cooperation. ' ' 

At this convention, a constitution 
was adopted and an association 
formed, which immediately took up 
the work of petitioning the Legisla- 
ture. Mr. and Mrs. White were the 
head and front of the movement, but 
they were ably assisted by Stephen 
Foster and wife, Parker Pillsbury and 
wife, Jacob H. Ela and wife, Lucy 
Stone, Henry Blackwell and many 
others. Annual conventions w r ere 
held, hearings were had before the 
Legislature and much work was done. 
Many petitions were circulated and 
the public was educated to a great 
degree by these conventions, which 
were all held in Concord except one. 
The result of this work was that in 



1871 a law was passed enabling 
women to serve on our school boards, 
and in June, 1878, a law was enacted 
giving school suffrage to our women. 

Lucy Stone's living protest against 
woman resigning her name at mar- 
riage, and having her identity elim- 
inated, and her individuality merged 
in that of the man she married was 
the greatest step towards freedom for 
women since the institution of mar- 
riage was evolved. I've heard Lucy 
Stone say many times : ' ' The custom of 
a woman taking the name of the man 
she marries is preposterous. There is 
no law requiring her to do so, and this 
unwritten law is only another testi- 
monial of woman's abject submission 
to man." Men consider the loss of 
their names a dishonor. There are 
but four classes who surrender their 
names : First, men receiving titles 
or estates on condition of a change of 
name; second, fugitives from justice 
who wish to conceal their identity 
(for instance like our "over due" 
bank cashiers) ; third, nuns on giving 
up the world; fourth, women when 
they marry. Law relegates woman 
to the political company of convicts, 
lunatics and idiots and custom places 
all married women in the company of 
fugitives from justice, nuns, and 
those who barter their names for title 
or wealth. 

Josephine K. Henry of Kentucky, 
than whom no more brilliant woman 
lives, said: "When a man dies the 
world designates the surviving wife — 
his widow. The expression 'his 
widow' came from the time when 
woman had no resort for support save 
marriage. When a married woman 
dies the death notice is, 'Died, Mary 
J., the wife of John Smith.' The 
Lord Himself would not know who 
Mary J. was, and the world lets her 
pass on to the New Jerusalem with- 
out knowing who the woman was." 
We hear every day the question, 
"Who was she before she was mar- 
ried?" And the answer, "She was 
Sallie Smith." 
Lucv Stone laid the foundation for 



20 



Woman Suffrage 



a greal reform and if she had done 
nothing else would have Lef1 the mark 
of her individuality upon the world. 
The brillianl daughter of Lucy Stone 
and Henry Blackwell, Alice Stone 
Blackwell, in talking about a "relic of 
barbarism," otherwise an "assign- 
menl of dower," in William Sturte- 
vant's estate, which was made Octo- 
ber 7. 1785, said: "Under the com- 
mon law, when a man died his wife 
was virtually turned out of doors; it 
was the Christian substitute for 
Hindu Suttee. Mistress Joanna Stur- 
tevaul entered into rest long ago, but 
one cannot help wondering whether 
in that land to which she is supposed 
to have L!i>ne, she is reckoned an indi- 
vidual, a unit, or as a fractional part 
of her husband and so is entitled only 
to one third of the supposed heavenly 
inheritance." 

I am often asked why women don't 
stop talking about suffrage and do 
something — invent something. An- 
cient history tells us that the first 
maker of covered buttons was a Mrs. 
Williston of East Hampton, Mass. 
In 1826 she commenced to cover but- 
tons with cloth. They attracted much 
attention and became very popular, 
and business increased so fast that 
she contrived machinery to do the 
work. An immense manufactory 
sprang up and she made half the cov- 
ered buttons of the w r orld, and we are 
told that Mr. Williston died worth 
more than a million, but not a word 
concerning Mrs. Williston 's wealth, 
although she was the inventor. In 
those days a man and his wife were 
one legally and he was the one. 
Slaves never get credit for inventions. 
I saw not long ago that a Western 
woman had perfected a valuable ap- 
paratus for removing wool from skins 
by electricity, but the young male 
student still goes forth, sheep-skin in 
hand, to pull the w r ool over the eyes 
of the world. 

When I was a girl the field of 
woman's work was limited. Now see 
what she can do. Cause — the agita- 



tion of woman suffrage. The last 
time T was in Washington, D. C, I 
visited the pension office ; there I saw 
three women clerks, two of whom re- 
ceived $1,400 per year and the other 
$1,600. I said, "Girls, you are no 
brighter than I, but I taught school 
for $2 per week and 'boarded 
round.' Do you wish to know what 
has changed the affairs of women so 
much in the last fifty years? The ag- 
itation of woman suffrage has done 
it." 

In my opinion the paramount ques- 
tion today is woman suffrage. Hard 
times and bad laws bear more heavily 
upon woman than upon man — con- 
sequently she should be interested in 
all questions pertaining to govern- 
ment. And were it true that a ma- 
jority of the women do not wish to 
vote, it would be no reason why those 
who do should be denied. If a right 
exist, and only one in a million desires 
to exercise it, no government should 
deny its enjoyment to that one. A 
friend of mine had an excellent hus- 
band who always called her his better 
half. I, at various times, tried to in- 
terest her in woman suffrage, but she 
would say, "I have all the rights I 
want; I am my husband's better half; 
he takes care of me and our daugh- 
ter." This excellent husband died 
and the laws made by men cut her 
down to one third. I saw her several 
times during the settlement of the es- 
tate; she was a collection of sorrows 
and seemed to be waiting for some 
man to take up the collection. She 
had her lesson and is now an ardent 
suffragist. 

It takes an immense amount of evi- 
dence to open the eyes of some 
women, although the intelligent, 
wage-earning woman must know that 
the cause of the difference in wages 
for the same kind and quality of la- 
bor is woman's disfranchisement. In 
the four states where women vote 
their wages are the same as men for 
the same work, and it is illegal to 
make any distinction in salaries of 



Woman Suffrage 



21 



any person in the public service on ac- 
count of sex. Any woman who would 
want more evidence than that on the 
question of woman suffrage would be 
like the foreman of a jury in San 
Francisco on a whiskey case. The 
whiskey was offered in evidence. 
Jury retired to deliberate on the evi- 
dence. Judge — "What is the ver- 
dict?" Foreman — "Your honor, we 
want more evidence. ' ' 

There are millions of women in the 
United States who work for wages — • 
the majority are overworked and un- 
derpaid. They would get better 
treatment if they had the ballot. Vot- 
ing and thinking about questions on 
which they would have to vote would 
be an education for them, unless they 
should do as many men have done — 
One said he had studied the matter 
and concluded that the women ought 
not to be allowed to vote; said that 
women had too much spare time. You 
see a man usually has so much other 
business to attend to that he just goes 
and votes and forgets all about it ; but 
it would be just like the women to 
want to know what they were voting 
for! 

We hear much about the chivalry 
of men, and woman's influence, but I 
noticed that the Vermont courts and 
Legislature showed neither chivalry 
nor mercy to the degenerate Mary 
Eogers. Experience has taught me 
that influence isn't in it with affluence, 
and that mercy is not so powerful as 
the ballot. All I ask is justice. I be- 
lieve in the equality of the sexes. I 
believe in a government of men and 
women, instead of a govermnent of 
men and women by men alone. 
1 ' Equal rights to all and special priv- 
ileges to none" should be the founda- 
tion of all governments. Long ago 
Abraham Lincoln said, "I go for all 
sharing the privileges of the govern- 
ment who assist in bearing its bur- 
dens, by no means excluding women. ' ' 
Lincoln knew whereof he spoke; he 
was born and brought up, or rather 
came up, in the Southwest and lived 



in the Middle West. I was in the 
Middle and Northwest thirty-six years 
ago, saw many women who had left 
good homes in New England living in 
log houses, straining every nerve to 
establish and keep up the schools, 
boarding the teachers without money 
and without price in order to have the 
school terms lengthened, doing all the 
housework and assisting in the farm 
work, besides battling with rattle- 
snakes — in fact enduring all the 
hardships that the men endured — 
and it reminded me of what Fanny 
Fern said of the Puritan mothers, 
"They endured all the Puritan fath- 
ers did, and had to endure the Puri- 
tan fathers also." 

If any one takes issue with me on 
this question, I want him to read the 
history of establishing the colonies 
on the hostile shores of an alien land 
which marked the beginning of this 
nation. He will find that women 
shared equally with men in the labor, 
equally endured the hardships and 
equally faced the dangers. Equal 
suffrage is no longer a theory. It is 
a fact. Women vote on municipal 
questions in England, Scotland, Ire- 
land, Canada, Norway and Sweden; 
they have equal political rights with 
men in New Zealand, the Isle of Man, 
and throughout the federation of Aus- 
tralia, a country equal to the United 
States in territory. And that re- 
minds me that Josephine K. Henry 
said that the Australian kangaroo 
ranked the American eagle, which I 
am sorry to admit is true. 

A bright Irishman said, "Every 
man should be proud of the land of 
his nativity, whether he was born 
there or not." I was born in New 
Hampshire; I consider our state the 
finest in the Union and our men the 
best. New Hampshire had the first 
free public library in the world; it 
was established in the little town of 
Peterborough in 1833. In 1834, it 
adopted the policy of keeping its li- 
brary open on Sunday, which has been 
continued to the present time. I am 



Woman Suffragt 



h to complain, bu1 the apathy of 
many of our women on the sun* rage 
question is hard to understand. I 
have always thoughl when the home 
women were awakened on the sub- 
ject, the men would fall into line and 
be willing For their "Women folks" 
to have the ballot, especially in the 
farming districts. Tt is doubtless a 
good thing to complain sometimes, 
and I reserve my right to complain. 
1 am not like the Irishmen who were 
discussing the condition of Ireland: 
< »iie said, "England has robbed her of 



all her rights." The other exclaimed, 
"Then she lias no right to complain.'' 
I think we should all work for equal 
suffrage and I trust the time is not 
far distant when no man or woman 
will admit that it was ever opposed in 
New Hampshire. I want New Hamp- 
shire to he the hanner state of the 
East on the equal suffrage question. 
It would do more toward settling our 
state firmly on its political axis than 
all outside influences combined have 
been able to do in that direction. 



THu® Mew Y©air 

By C. C. Lord 

Sweet friend, this daylight fancy breaks, 
A joy to heart, to thought a cheer, 

That the wide world of revel wakes 
To hail the advent of the year. 

The mad, gay throng diverts its feet 
To paths ecstatic; blent with praise. 

And song and shout, its accents greet, 
With laughter loud, the first of days. 

Yet I trip calmly on, though scene 
And time are rapt and wild, for you 

Lend love and richer faith, I ween, 
To bless the year with all days new. 



Waanfe 



;ff 



By ^George Warren Parker 

The earth in peaceful rest now lies; 
Her canopy, rich azure skies. 
Her shroud, fresh-fallen virgin snow, 
While ice-capped rivers slowly flow. 

But list, the sleigh-bells joyous peal! 
The skaters fly on blades of steel ; 
The coasters utter shouts of mirth, 
For winter has of fun no dearth. 



Tlh® Besefft* 



By Timothy Hay 



Yuma ! The hottest place north of 
"Greaser-land."' The story is almost 
as old as the territory, of an old resi- 
dent of Yuma who failed to draw his 
gun quickly enough one day and so 
went down to serve the devil; of his 
finding the climate more temperate 
than was his custom, and sending back 
for his blankets. But this story, illus- 
trative of the heat of the desert, was 
new to me: They had held, in ac- 
cordance with the customs and man- 
ners of that wool ley country, a neck- 
tie party for a Yuma horse thief. His 
friends had cut him down and, in 
deference to his last request, had 
taken him up into California for cre- 
mation purposes. He had been in the 
furnace for the proper length of time, 
his friends sitting around and show- 
ing due feeling and respect, when the 
men in charge opened up the door to 
remove the ashes. Not at all ! No 
ashes there, but the erstwhile horse 
thief, sitting up in one corner, all 
wrapped in his shroud and shouting, 
"Shut that door, I can't stand the 
draft." 

We had just breakfasted in this city 
of thermometer reputation, at a 
railroad eating house. The meal was 
an agreeable surprise. Among other 
things, great dishes of quail on toast. 
We were all seated at tables — no ten 
minutes stand-up feed — and paid sev- 
enty-five cents each, with quails with- 
out limit. 

The orange trees about the station 



hung thick with fruit. These, with 
the big palms, taller than the build- 
ings, and rows of Indian squaws in 
hiuhly-colored blankets, squatted 
along the platform selling bead work, 
lent an interesting charm to the place. 

As the train gathered headway, the 
newsboy grabbed a piece of the bead 
work from one of the squaws and 
jumped the last car. A big buck In- 
dian lighted out after that train like 
a runaway hurricane. The boy 
thought best to drop the goods. 

We had just crossed the Colorado 
River into California and were listen- 
ing to an old Western fruit-buyer 
discussing the heated summer attrac- 
tions of our last stop. 

"I was in Yuma once in midsum- 
mer. By the great Sierras, wa'nt it 
hot ! I was a business booster then 
for a 'Frisco house and had sold my 
man a bill of goods and could n 't get 
out of the cussed hole for half a day. 
It was the first of the afternoon. I '11 
tell you what I did. I borrowed an 
old wooden washtub, put it out behind 
a 'dobe shanty among some palm 
trees, and in the shade ; hired a 
'greaser' to fill it with water, and you 
can bet it was me for the bathtub till 
the next train hiked along." 

I asked him if he had n 't gained a 
little flesh since those days. 

' ' Oh, yes. I could n 't get into no 
such tub as that now. How hot was 
it? One hundred and eighteen out 
among the palms that day. But I 



* Mr. Hay's impressions of the great Salton Sea, as set forth in the following article, have peculiar 
interest at this time, owing to the heroic efforts which are being made to return the Colorado River 
into its old channel. It was impressed upon Mr. Hay's mind, when visiting the loca'ity last spring' 
that this great inflow of water could not be prevented by any ordinary means, and his doubt as to the 
value of the work then being done seems to have been realized, as the two separate attempts which 
have already been made by the great Southern Pacific corporation have proved unavailing. The Gov- 
ernor of California recently telegraphed to the President at Washington, requesting national aid to 
prevent the further growth of what has already become an imminent danger. The President immedi- 
ately put himself in communication with Mr.Harriman, controlling the Southern Pacific road, and 
promptness of action has been obtained, for a small army of men, vast quantities of material and sup- 
plies, have been sent to the break in the river bank, to make one last and final effort to build an effec- 
tive dam. Mr. Hay advises the Editor that the success of such a dam depends quite largely upon the 
conditions during* the work; for a sudden cloud-burst, higher up the river, might send down such a 
vast flood as to cause a serious interruption.— The Editor. 



24 



Tin Desert 



have seen it hotter than thai onl here 
ahead of us on the Yuma Desert, 
down in what they call the 'sink,' at 
a place billed Salton. where the salt 
mines were. I once saw it 123° on 
the shady side of a box-car down 
there. 

""Why did I say 'salt mines were?' 
Well, you would get your feet a trifle 
wet if you went to them now. They 
are thirty Eeet under water. Say, 
listen! 'ain't yer heard of this great 
natural phenomenon forming out 
here on the desert? Well, for the 
love of Mike, put this cigar into your 
face, and have a smoke while I spin 
you a true yarn, and right away, too, 
because vou'll be where you can see 
it all for yourself as soon as we get 
through them sand dunes over there. 
Say! don't they look like hills of 
golden grain ; billows of the ocean ? 
They are about five miles off; don't 
look it, do they? You think they 
would be pretty long miles to walk? 
Well, they might, but if those same 
miles held all there was coming to you 
in this world, you might n 't be in 
such a hurrv to get ter the end of 
'em." 

It was desert along there; the sage 
brush and cactus had hard sledding. 
You could see, at times, great clouds 
of dust encircling the sand dunes like 
smoke. The railroad company had 
big signs, every few miles, warning 
wayfarers not to attempt a crossing. 
It was desolate; thirsty, burning, 
scorching, shifting sands of the desert. 
It indeed took pluck and energy to lay 
a railroad across such a thankless, un- 
productive, dreary waste. 

The easy man of the West settled 
back into a corner of the smoking com- 
partment and blazed away : 

"Now I'm going to teach yer a lit- 
tle physical geography, or whatever 
you call it, first. Pretty soon we shall 
begin to coast down grade inter the 
'Yuma Sink.' That's a big piece of 
country that's way down below sea 
level; in some places more than two 
hundred and sixty feet. Well, one 



time that was a part of the Gulf of 
California, and then old nature gave 
;i shudder and popped up some moun- 
tains, and cut it off from the sea. 
Then the Colorado River took a course 
to one side, and left the water to evap- 
orate, and that's the how r the salt 
works come here. All yer have to do 
is just ter plow up the salt like yer 
would gravel. 

"That was all long ago, and the 
country was great stuff then. Why ! 
yer know, they have discovered ruins 
of ancient and prosperous cities round 
these same deserts, showing that it 
was all a rich country once. Where 
do yer 'spose those people came from, 
and who were they, anyhow? 

"Now, do yer understand what the 
sink is, or was? Because its all 
changed now, as I am a going ter tell 
yer. At any rate, yer can get it clear 
in your mind's eye that there's a big 
country ahead, a hundred or more 
miles long and thirty or forty wide, 
that 's lower than the sea, and yer can 
look at the mountains at the south, 
and know old ocean is on the other 
side, higher up than yerself, and 
knocking to get in. And the railroad 
used to run right across the lowest 
part of the sink. 

"The soil down there looked just 
like plain sand; just common, hot, 
parched sand. No one 'sposed yer 
could grow anything on it. One day 
some grain was spilled from a freight 
ear on a siding near a water tank : the 
tank leaked and the water trickled 
down to the grain. They made a 
trade and agreed to grow something, 
and they did. The station agent at 
the water tank took notice ; got a few 
melon seeds, and a few of the vegeta- 
ble kind. Not long after the desert 
was blooming like the— how does that 



go? 



'The news ran as gossip does and 
set people ter thinking ; they had sort 
a stood on the side lines and caught 
on. An irrigation company was 
formed and a town started south of 
here called Imperial. Stacks of folks 



The Desert 



25 



hit the trail for there and built a city 
over night. Settlers took up land 
under the ' desert act, ' and with water 
ditched in from the Colorado, great 
crops grew; likewise a city. I hear 
it now has five or six thousand people, 
good hotels and a railroad. 

"By and by, fifty or sixty miles 
away, down in the lowest part of the 
sink, water began to collect. No at- 
tention was paid at first, it had 
formed there before. But this time 
it grew, and kept growing. They 
thought it was the seepage from the 
irrigating ditches at Imperial. Water 
sinking into the sands, and following 
the hardpan and out again down in 
the sink. One day them ditches got all 
silted up and them Imperial farmers 
were running short of water. What 
der yer 'spose those lunatics did? 
'Stead of digging that silt out, they 
just cross-cut in from the river, and 
that's where they frosted themselves, 
for the old Colorado just dug that 
cross-cut out so big that the whole 
push began to go through it and shook 
the gulf as a place of final destination, 
and ran down into the sink, and the 
water kept rising. Pretty soon old 
Mister Salt Mine Man was put out of 
business. He first went crazv, then 
shot himself dead as a mack'rel. His 
three-story building now just peeps 
out 'er water. Next, old Southern 
Pacific Railroad had to get a gait on 
and either climb onto stilts or move 
up the sink. The last's what they 
did, but it warn't enough. They are 
moving now for the third time; this 
time they're going 'way back on ter 
the northern foothills. Say! that's 
costing them a bit, I can tell yer; it'll 
make them loosen the clove-hitch on 
their roll. They are passing out the 
long green with a free hand. It'll 
make their road some longer, too. 
They are on to their job now, though, 
and have the line covered with ' greas- 
ers. ' Got two thousand of 'em there. 
Got miles of box-cars for 'em to live 
in. There's mules, wagons and truck 
enough for an army, and they're hus- 



tling. Yer can stack yer sombrero on 
that. They've got to: the old sink 
is now a salt sea ninety miles long and 
nearly thirty wide. It's beating 
against the second track they laid 
now. You ain "t more 'n a foot out of 
the water as yer go over it today. 
Oh! yer '11 see. Sand bags packed 
along the side to keep the waves from 
breaking through. 

"What's going to become of Impe- 
rial? Search me. There's sure cuss- 
ing going on down there. If yer'd 
only tell me where all that water's 
coming from I'll tell you about Impe- 
rial. They tell all kinds of stories 
about that water, but I think it's got 
'em buffaloed. Hallo, conductor, 
what 'der yer want, my ticket ? Well, 
I guess I've got one. I ain't no in- 
surance magnate riding on a pass. 
Say, yer a railroad man, going back 
and forth here all the time ; when yer 
going to start ferries 'cross that Sal- 
ton Sea ? I heard that the latest story 
about that frog pond is that some ex- 
perts claim that the earthquake we 
had about a year ago down here, 
opened up the old outlet to the gulf, 
only that it's a subterranean connec- 
tion, and that's how most of the wa- 
ter's coming in. They say that they 
are catching fish down there just like 
they catch out in the gulf, and that's 
proof that it's no Colorado River do- 
ing it. How about that?" 

"Thanks: I will take a cigar, but 
it's 'gainst the rules to smoke it 'til 
after hours. Now as to that sea. 
Don 't you run away with any such an 
idea as that. The water's all coming 
in from the river, and the best ex- 
perts the company can get, and them 
government fellows, too, all says so. 
A lot of Mexicans came up to Yuma 
the other day — sent up by old Diaz. 
They hired a launch and went down 
the river to look into things them- 
selves. I heard it said that they 
agree that the river's doing the 
trick. " " Oh ! look here, ' said the fruit 
buyer, "do yer think that river could 
let in enough water to stand the evap- 



26 



The Desert 



oration of the ho1 deserl sun. and 
ii keep as big a pond of water as 
that and a climbing an inch a day?" 
Fes! why no1 ; you've no idea how 
much water comes down the Colo- 
rado." 

"Well, how about llio sea being as 
Ball as the ocean?" 

'That's easy; ain't it all salt un- 
derneath .' What did they run a salt 
mine there for? Say! look; there's 
the water now. We're 'most down 
to it, and here's Volcano, the last sta- 
tion on top of the dry." 

There we were, and an amazing 
sight was spread out for our vision. 
Behind us. and reaching back from 
the water's edge, miles and miles of 
aching, sun-baked, glaring Sahara. 
To the south, meeting the bright, 
piercing blue of the heavens, water, 
endless water, with the hot, scorching 
desert sun blinding you with its 
blinking reflection . Swinging more to 
the southeast, twenty-eight miles of 
salt sea, lapping the base of the San 
Jacinto Range. Mountains rising 
right out of the water thousands of 
feet, and snow-capped. 

The train was now skirting the sea. 
We could follow the course of the 
original railroad, and its fiust move, 
for the telegraph poles had not been 
taken away. The visible parts grew 
less and less as we followed along, and 
finally showed only the cross-arms. 
The ties had been left to float in and 
were beating against the grading we 
were then running 1 over. Ducks; 
ducks everywhere ; thousands of them 
— teals, mallards and others — they 



had found water unexpectedly. They 
showed but little fear, and offered 
easy marks from the train. Tens of 
thousands of geese, cranes and other 
water-fowl had discovered the new 
water resort, and were making it their 
winter home. 

"Look, you! it'll take a Sabbath 
day of traveling to cross at this rate," 
remarked our historian. 

"Never you mind," returned the 
brakeman, "the track's washed out 
once or twice now by the waves beat- 
ing against it ; the road-bed 's soft, and 
I ain't in no hurry to tip over into 
that ditch. Can't you see that it's 
worked through the embankment, and 
is on both sides of us ? " 

"I guess yer right; my business 
can wait. Halloo! there's the salt 
man's building. By jove, if this free 
irrigation reaches Imperial, it'll spell 
ruin for that borough. Their busted 
hopes will go up with the tide." 

The conductor came along just then 
and hearing the last remark, said : 
"Don't let that worry you. The 
Southern Pacific's going to stop all 
that. They pretty near got it fixed 
last fall; got the river nearly cut 
off when a big, busting rain, a reg- 
ular ark floater, came down and 
washed all the job away. Now they're 
going to put in a dam that is a dam 
and fix it for good. It '11 never get up 
to where they are laying the tracks 
now. ' ' 

"Yes; if that's where the water's 
coming from, how about those Gulf of 
California fish?" 



Mew Mamp^Ihike* 

By Cornelia W. Mead 

What spot is more sacred, or dearer, on earth. 

Than the home of our childhood, the place of our birth ; 

Where a fond, loving mother our infancy blessed, 
And to her warm bosom our tiny form pressed. 

"Where a brave, manly father took pleasure and pride, 
His little one's toddling footsteps to guide, 

And brothers and sisters we perchance may possess, 
To fondle and pet us, to love and caress. 

The home of our youth, whether palace or cot, 
In the years that come after is never forgot ; 

The cradle that rocked us, the little high chair, 
A badly worn shoe which we once used to wear 

A doll or a toy, all battered and bruised, 

A plate or a cup which once we had used, 
A little white frock, old fashioned, 'tis true, 

Or the neat baby bonnet with ribbons of blue. 

It is the small things, united, which make up the great, 
The towns and the cities that build up the state ; 

Each has enchantment for some one most dear, 
Each home its attractions, some loved one to cheer. 

And whether in country, in city or town, 
Obscure, unattractive, or rich with renown, 

We all have a niche designed us to fill, 

And can make ourselves happy in it if we will. 

The home of our childhood, so dear to us all, 

Each one has a history we could recall ; 
But there 's one common bond, a feeling innate ; 

Our love for New Hampshire, the old granite state. 

A poet has said that ' ' where 'er we may roam, 

Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home." 

And though we may travel the universe o 'er 
And all of its grandeur and beauty explore, 

We gladly turn back to our own native state; 

Our love for Xew Hampshire will never abate; 
The thrift of its people, its scenery grand. 

We love thee, we love thee, our own native land. 

America's Switzerland! home of our birth; 

The fairest, the sweetest, the dearest on earth ; 
Around it fond memory ever will twine, 

New Hampshire's the oak — its children the vine. 

* Written for and read at a meeting of New Hampshire Daughters. 



TBn&ft AwftiaB Pif®iffMsme 



By Fanny Grant 



In the Euterpe Club there were 
two factions. 

The smaller was the talent of the 
club, the larger was the semi-fash- 
ionable amateur contingent, that 
from the first had made up its mind 
to "run things." 

When I say fashionable I speak 
with a reserved thought, for the real 
wheel within the wheel, the 400 of 
Libertyville, was not represented, for 
the reason that the 400 was not, fig- 
uratively speaking, a man of parts 
and therefore was not musical, if on 
occasion he really was learned in 
some of the less exacting arts, or 
many of the more unstable of the 
sciences. 

For policy the Euterpeans had 
made one of the three on the musical 
committee, Mrs. Faye, who led the tal- 
ent, and the other two were Mrs. Bar- 
ton and Mrs. Spyter, w T ho were people 
of means, and led the fashionable set ; 
as they were also people who would 
leave no stone unturned to keep Mrs. 
Faye and her set from having any 
hearing in the club. 

Mrs. Faye insisted that every one 
of the club should have a song, or 
piano piece, once a month, the others 
did dirty work and manipulated 
things on the sly, so that it was ut- 
terly impossible for Mrs. Faye and 
the "talent" to do more than one 
number apiece from October to May, 
the season of the Euterpe Club. 

Some of the Faye set left the club 
very much wrought up at the mean 
ways of the people of means. 

Mrs. Faye, who, unknown to the 
Barton set, was thick with the 400, 
said to her outside friends that things 
were going shamefully in the club, 
but give the stupid ones rope enough 
and they would hang themselves. 
The Barton set was wild to be "in" 
with the 400, and Mrs. Faye, know- 



ing this, showed a heroic spirit in not 
utilizing this fact to bring out the 
talent of the club. 

Mrs. Faye was too high-minded to 
do aught with talent, but have it make 
its own way on its merits without the 
support to be derived from the good 
words and good wishes of the 400 
brought into the club, introduced to 
the Barton set and so using their in- 
fluence to help on the talent. 

No ; if the talent were to come to 
the front, it must be through their 
own merits. 

This is how Mrs. Faye and the 400 
came to grief. This is how Mrs. 
Barton lost the one chance of her life. 
Mrs. Barton had one sole wish un- 
gratified; it was to be "in" with 
that higher social set of Libertyville 
that seemed to be determined to have 
nothing of her, in spite of her brand 
new house and unimpeachable bank 
account ; hence it came about that she 
lost the one chance of her life, as I 
am about to relate. 

Mrs. Faye, on the occasion of the 
first musicale of the club, had fondly 
hoped to bring out the wife of the 
professor who built hopes on his 
wife's appearance there. Vain. Mrs. 
Barton and her set promptly black- 
balled the wife of the professor. She 
was, therefore, not in the club at all. 
Onlv spleen, dear lady, to spite Mrs. 
Faye. That's all. 

"I am anxious about that pro- 
gram, Mrs. Barton," said Mrs. Faye, 
meeting her amiable, adversary on the 
street. As Mrs. Faye did not happen 
to be on the pro tern programme com- 
mittee, she in etiquette had nothing 
to say on the question. She felt this 
keenly. Mrs. Barton felt this in a 
state of musical self-sufficiency. 

"Now, don't you trouble yourself 
about the programme, Mrs. Faye," 



That Awful Programme 



U!» 



said Mrs. Barton. "It's all ar- 
ranged; it's all right; the programme 
is in good hands, my dear, so don't 
worry." 

Horribly doubtful on this im- 
portant point, Mrs. Faye did worry a 
good deal, but had to abstain from 
interfering in the musical exploits of 
Mrs. Barton and the rest of the pro- 
gramme committee. She had to wait 
for the appointed time to come and 
then know how it would be. She 
could then see for herself. 

All too soon came Friday, the 
tenth, from three to six, the day set 
for the concert. To Mrs. Barton 's in- 
tense satisfaction, her music room 
rapidly filled with invited guests of 
the club upon this momentous oc- 
casion. 

That some of the very first and 
foremost of the 400 set had choice 
seats was more joy. But alas! that 
Mrs. Barton herself was not one of 
the reception committee gave her a 
pang of regret. Here was a golden 
opportunity, and no way to improve 
it. That Mrs. Faye, and what I have 
called "the talent", were not on the 
programme, even to a ballad, gave 
Mrs. Faye only interest in the music 
to come of a most impersonal nature. 
She sat with the old-time friends she 
had asked there, the ones of the 400 
present and gave herself up to vis- 
iting. Again Mrs. Barton saw with 
a pang, she had made a blunder some- 
where, but now would bluff it out, so 
ignored Mrs. Faye, the 400, "the tal- 
ent," tapped the piano with her fan 
for silence, and the musicale began. 

It was her place to announce the 
numbers, one after the other, and the 
concert began, grew and developed. 

At first Mrs. Faye listened with sil- 
ent contempt, but she was soon un- 
easy, then startled, then silent in an 
amazed, helpless misery. 

The 400 were well inured to bore- 
dom and listened with outward calm. 
And the programme ! — To begin with 
an overture arranged for the piano, 
sufficiently odious in class-room prac- 
tice. 



Proceeding, there were at least four 
sonatas by Beethoven, near together, 
then a whole assortment of inane 
nothings by new composers of the 
German school, and the French imi- 
tators, with never an idea to inter- 
fere with the harmony they worked 
out as if it were a quadratic equa- 
tion. 

Songs that were recitatives and 
chords ; songs that were from Mother 
Goose, and the never-failing Ber- 
ceuse, from Brahms, to the last inane 
ballad. 

O, how shall mortal pen, even one 
so able as mine own, venture to tell 
of that awful programme that began 
at three and did not end until twenty 
minutes after seven that tenth day of 
the month, when the Euterpe Club 
had its first entertainment in public! 

A few of the guests left at six. 
Mrs. Barton, a cold damp on her 
brow, had long before six felt the 
force of her awful programme, but 
was not daring enough to stop any 
where. The fearful voices of her 
friends did their work and during the 
horrors of the siege the "talent" 
stared, smiled and whispered. 

At last, bored to death, part of the 
remaining crowd slipped away. At 
seven twenty Mrs. Barton saw the last 
piece on her list ended, and the few 
remaining ones made haste to do the 
same as the daring ones had done. 

Mrs. Faye, "the talent" (of small 
account) and the 400 had eyed Mrs. 
Barton with silent amusement as one 
who was making a desperate effort to 
do something and failing signally. 
Mrs. Barton felt that she had made a 
wretched blunder. What she said as 
the last one was gone, and she was 
alone in her deserted halls, and she 
angrily tore up that awful pro- 
gramme, was this: "I have lost the 
one opportunity of my life." 

And so it proved. The aristocracy 
of Libertyville and Mrs. Barton 
were always two; there was not one 
tie between them, not even a tied note, 
even unto this dav. 



Mew ffilainnipslhiiiff© M@cir®2®g>y 



HON. GEORGE A. MARDEN. 

( ;..,,i-u.- A-UgUStUS Marden. born in Mont 
Vernon, Augusl 9, in:'.'.': died in Lowell. 
Mass 1 >,, ember L9, 1906. 

He was tbe son of Benjamin Maiden, 
., mechanic and himself learned tbe shoe- 
maker's trade in early life and to this 
and farm labor be devoted bis time when 
not attending school. He fitted for col- 
lege at Appleton Academy, now McCol- 
lo'm Institute, and graduated from Dart- 
mouth in 1861, immediately after enter- 
ing the Union army as a member of Ber- 
dan's sharpshooters. He served under 
McClellan in the peninsular campaign, 
and went on staff duty as acting assistant 
adjutant general of the third brigade, 
third division, third army corps, in Jan- 
uarv. 1S63. Upon being mustered out of 
service in September, 1884, he returned 
to New Hampshire and commenced the 
study of law in Concord, at the same time 
engaging in reportorial and editorial 
work on the Monitor. He soon went to 
"We< Virginia and for a time published a 
weekly paper in Charleston, but ere long 
came back to this state and was engaged 
in the preparation of a history of the 
New Hampshire military organizations. 
He was then for a time connected with 
the Boston Advertiser, but late in 1867 
became one of the publishers and editors 
of the Lowell Daily Courier, which rela- 
tion continued thereafter, his home hav- 
ing been established in that city, where 
he ever after resided. 

Mr. Marden became prominent in Re- 
publican politics, served in the House of 
Representatives in 1873, and was clerk of 
that body from 1874 till 1883. In the lat- 
ter year he was again chosen a member 
and was made speaker, and was reelected 
in 1884. In 1885 he was a member of the 
state Senate. He was a delegate in the 
Republican National Convention in 1880. 
From 1889 to 1893 he was treasurer and 
receiver general of the state of Massa- 
chusetts. In 1889 he was appointed as- 
sistant treasurer of the United States at 
Boston by President Harrison. He was 
again appointed by President McKinley 
and reappointed by President Roosevelt, 
holding the position at the time of his 
death. 

Mr Marden bad been president of the 
Dartmouth Alumni Association and was 
a member of the G. A. R. and the Loyal 
Legion. He was a ready and witty 



speaker, and his services were widely 
sought both on the stump and anniversary 
and other public occasions. He is sur- 
vived by a widow, who was Miss Mary 
P. Fiske of Nashua; and two sons, Philip 
S. and Robert F., both connected with the 
Courier-Citizen at Lowell. 

DR. HENRY W. DUDLEY. 

Henry W. Dudley. M. D., born in Gil- 
manton, N. H., November 30, 1831, died 
at Abington, Mass., December 29, 1906. 

Doctor Dudley was of the ninth genera- 
tion from the old Colonial Governor 
Thomas Dudley, through his son, Rev. 
Samuel Dudley. He was educated in the 
public schools of his native town, fitting 
for college at Gilmanton Academy. He 
was graduated at the Harvard Medical 
School in March, 1864. Soon after he went 
to Abington, where he was in constant 
practice for forty-two years. 

Doctor Dudley, while studying medi- 
cine, taught school and was at one time 
principal of the Rochester High School. 
He taught at Culpepper, Va., at the time 
of the famous John Brown raid in 1859. 

From 1882 to 1S93 he held the chair of 
pathology in the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons in Boston, and in 1893 he 
was elected professor of pathology in 
Tufts College Medical School, which po- 
sition he held up to about four years ago. 
Since that time Doctor Dudley had lec- 
tured on legal medicine in the same 
school. When in New Hampshire he was 
a school commissioner of Belknap County 
and a member of the state board of educa- 
tion through appointment by Governor 
Berry in 1861. He was reappointed the 
two following years. 

He was appointed medical examiner of 
the second Plymouth district in 1890, and 
had since filled the position. He was 
president of the Plymouth District Medi- 
cal Society in 1878 and 1879, and had 
been a councillor of the Massachusetts 
Medical Society since 1883. He was a 
member of the Massachusetts Medical 
Legal Society. He was a charter mem- 
ber of the Hatherly Medical Society, 
formed a number of years ago by the 
physicians in the towns about Abington. 
He was for years connected with the 
Plymouth County Medical Society, and at 
the time of his death was a censor in 
that organization. He left three chil- 
dren, Bayard and Mary Dudley, and Dr. 
Charles Dudley of Cambridge, Mass. 



New Hcmipskire Necrology 



31 



WYMAN FLINT. 

Wyman Flint, born in Windsor, N. H., 
July 11, 1824, died in Bellows Falls, Vt., 
December 25, 1906. 

Mr. Flint was the son of John G. and 
Sarah (Gregg) Flint, and was educated 
in the district schools and at Antrim 
Academy. At twenty-one years of age he 
engaged in the manufacture of furniture 
in Franklin, whence he afterward went 
to Antrim and was engaged for a time 
in the lumber business with his father, 
but later, in company with a brother, 
went into the manufacture of shoe pegs 
there. In 1858, with his brother, John 
Gardner Flint, he went to Milwaukee, 
Wis., and engaged in the wholesale 
grocery business, establishing branch 
houses in Boston and St. Louis. 

In 1880 he returned East and in com- 
pany with A. B. Fisher, began the manu- 
facture of paper in Bellows Falls. Two 
years later he bought out Mr. Fisher and 
the Green Mountain Pulp Company, of 
which he was president, was also formed, 
his two sons being associated with him 
in business, the firm name being the Wy- 
man Flint & Sons Company. 

Mr. Flint was chairman of the town 
board of selectmen in 1870 and again in 
1880. He was a member of the Westmin- 
ster Club and of Hugh dePayens Com- 
mandery of Knights Templar of Keene. 
In his younger days he was a Democrat in 
politics, but since the Civil War had been 
a Republican. He had been prominently 
identfied for many years with Immanuel 
Episcopal Church. In 1847 he married 
Almira Stickney, and six children were 
born to them, the three surviving being 
Miss S. Louis Flint, who lived with her 
father; John W. Flint, president of the 
Claremont (N. H.) Paper Company; and 
Francis G. Flint, who ha^ the manage- 
ment of the Wyman Flint & Sons Com- 
pany. Mrs. Flint died in August, 1896. 

REV. DAVID CALLEY. 

Rev. David Calley, one of the oldest, 
if not the oldest, among the Free Baptist 
clergymen in the state, died at his home 
in Bristol, December 23, 1906. 

He was a native of Holderness, now 
Ashland, a son of Capt. David and Martha 
(Marston) Calley, born November 8, 1815, 
being ninety-one years of age at his de- 
cease. His grandfather, William Calley, 
Jr., a native of Stratham, was a Revolu- 
tionary soldier. In 1837 he received a li- 
cense to preach, but was not ordained till 
1842, at a meeting of the Sandwich Quar- 
terly Conference, and soon after became 
pastor of the Free Baptist Church, North 
Tunbridge Vt., where he remained five 
years, and then resigned to go home to 



Holderness to care for his father, then in 
his last illness. Meantime, he preached in 
Holderness and surrounding towns, be- 
coming later the first pastor of the church 
at Bristol, but was obliged to close his 
labors in the spring of 1849, on account 
of a throat difficulty. In September, 1853, 
he resumed the Bristol pastorate and con- 
tinued seven years, then going again to 
Tunbridge for three years and again re- 
turning to Bristol, where he preached an- 
other seven years. Subsequently he 
preached two years in Alexandria, eight 
in Sandwich, two again in Alexandria and 
five at North Sandwich. Later he served 
the churches at Sandwich Center, South 
Tamworth and Meredith Center, until in 
1892 he closed his pastoral labors and 
returned to Bristol, where he resided till 
his death. 

Mr. Calley was twice married; first to 
Dorcas D. Shepard of Holderness, who 
died in 1846, and, second, to Mary 
Mooney Smith of New Hampton, who died 
in 1896. Of eight children by the latter 
marriage, five survive. 

COL. DAVID C. RICHARDSON. 

David Collins Richardson, born in Mil- 
ford, N. H., October 23, 1843, died in New 
York City, December 24, 1906. 

He was a son of Rev. John G. Richard- 
son, a Baptist clergyman of Milford, 
whose grandfather was a minute man at 
Lexington. He graduated at Browu Uni- 
versity and immediately upon the out- 
break of the Rebellion enlisted in the 
Union army. At the conclusion of his 
term of enlistment he again enlisted, this 
time in the navy. After the war he en- 
gaged in the contracting and transporta- 
tion business in New York, and later was 
a ranch owner in Texas for more than a 
quarter of a century, when he retired and 
returned to New York. 

DR. CHARLES C. ODLIN. 

Charles dishing Odlin, M. D., born in 
Exeter, N. H., October 31, 1847, died in 
Melrose, Mass., December 18, 1906. 

Doctor Odlin, whose ancestors were 
among the early settlers of the town, was 
a graduate of Phillips Exeter Academy, 
Harvard College and the Dartmouth Med- 
ical School. He commenced medical 
practice in Exeter, continuing several 
years, removing thence to Melrose, where 
he attained much success, becoming a 
leading physician of the place. He was 
never conspicuous in public life, but 
deeply interested in the welfare of the 
community. He was an active member of 
the Middlesex and Massachusetts Medical 
societies and was also an active member 
of the Masonic order. 



Edltoff Mad IPtuibilfeihiert N®te 

This issue of the Granite usual, and their places being assumed 
Monthus marks the beginning of by those newly designated therefor. 
Volume 39, or Volume 2 of the New For the first time in sixteen years the 
Series, and the commencement of the failure of the people to elect a gov- 
second yen- of publication under the ernor by majority vote at the polls, 
presenl management, which assumed left it incumbent upon the newly- 
charge of the magazine after one elected Legislature, immediately af- 
year of suspension, following a year ter organization, to make choice of 
of irregular issue, together naturally one from the two highest candidates 
most disappointing, if not disgusting voted for at the polls — Charles M. 
to tlie patrons who had awaited its Floyd of Manchester, Republican, 
appearance with interest for a long and Nathan C. Jameson of Antrim, 
period of years. The editor and pub- Democrat — which was done, the for- 
lisher realized most fully, when he mer being duly chosen in joint con- 
assumed the task of resuscitation, vent ion of the two branches, though 
that the way of his effort was to receiving somewhat less than the full 
be no flower-strewn path; that work vote of his party, while Mr. Jameson 
was to be done and responsibility as- received something more than the 
sumed with no guaranty, or even full Democratic vote. The Legisla- 
prospect of compensation, except ture organized by the election of 
such as was found in the satisfac- Hon. John Scammon of Exeter as 
tion of having saved to the state a president of the senate and Hon. 
publication which in time past has Bertram Ellis of Keene as speaker of 
proved of value to the people, and the house. The latter body, in which 
which, it is hoped, may prove so to most of the legislation of the session 
be in the future. Whatever else has is naturally expected to originate, 
been done, or failed to be done, the contains an unusual number of ex- 
magazine has been issued every ceptionally bright men, capable of 
month, and unless circumstances in- doing good work, and the state has a 
tervene, over which human power right to expect some valuable legisla- 
has no control, it will continue to tion. - 

thus appear in the future. Of its Judging from the notices of bills 
merits in other respects its patrons given in the house, the first thing 
must be the judges, but should not with which the new Legislature will 
forget, at the same time, that much feel called upon to deal will be 
depends upon the measure of their the subject of railway transportation 
support. The more hearty and gen- for members and other state officials, 
erous that may be, the better in all The "pass evil," as it is termed, has 
essential respects the publication it- been a subject of much discussion and 
self. Our thanks are extended to animadversion in the newspaper 
them for their encouragement in the press and in party platforms. How 
past, and their cooperation besought the matter is to be dealt with will re- 
in the work of making the Granite main a question of public interest un- 
Monthly a "better," if hot "big- til definite action is taken. What- 
ger," magazine in the future, and at ever is done should be done squarely 
the same time more effectually ad- and honestly, with no attempt at sub- 
vancing the welfare of the grand old terfuge or evasion. If the object is, 
state in whose interest it is pub- as it should be, not only to render it 
lished. impossible for any public servant to 

be improperly influenced by railroad 

"With the advent of the present favor, but to prevent all inequality 

month there comes a change in the and discrimination, care should be 

executive and legislative departments taken to steer absolutely clear of the 

of the state government, the former latter in any legislation that may be 

incumbents stepping down and out, as enacted. 




MAJ.-GEN. AUGUSTUS D. AYLING 



The Granite Monthly 



Vol. XXXIX, Xo. 2 



FEBRUARY, 1907 New Series, V.,i.. 2, No. 2. 



s\jjo°G®ia ikagtissta Do AyUng 



By H. H. Met calf 



"Whether it be true or not, as many 
maintain, that the war spirit has been 
unduly stimulated and encouraged in 
our country during the last few 
years and whether or not there be 
latter-day wisdom in the old-time 
motto. "In time of peace prepare for 
war," it is certain that some meas- 
ure of 'preparedness" for the hos- 
tilities that may at any time arise, 
even with the most peaceful purpose 
on our part, between our own and 
some other nation, is absolutely neces- 
sary. 

It has not been until recently, how- 
ever, that the maintenance of a large 
standing army has been advocated by 
any considerable number of people in 
our midst as the measure of prepara- 
tion in which we should indulge. 
From the foundation of the govern- 
ment, dependence has been placed 
upon the "citizen soldiery" for pub- 
lic defence and the maintenance of 
the national honor. In the earlier 
days, every man subject to military 
duty was enrolled and given such 
measure of drill and discipline as 
the company spring "training" and 
the autumnal regimental "muster" 
afforded. In later years a different 
plan has been adopted, and a com- 
paratively small body of volunteer 
militia in each state, generally known 
as the Xational Guard, has received 
more thorough discipline and instruc- 
tion, the same being depended upon 
to maintain public order in an emer- 



gency, and as an efficient nucleus 
when combined with the federal gov- 
ernment troops for an army of any 
desired magnitude in time of war. 

Under the constitution and the mili- 
tary system in vogue in our own and 
other states, the governor is the com- 
mander-in-chief of all the military 
forces of the state. Ordinarily, how- 
ever, he knows little of and pays lit- 
tle attention to the direction of mili- 
tary affairs, but names a subordinate 
official, skilled in the same, under the 
authority of the law, who become^ 
practically the head of the military 
establishment. This officer is the ad- 
jutant-general, and holds his position 
at the pleasure of the governor, with- 
out any interposition of the council, 
or any other authority, except that of 
the^ Legislature itself, which has, in 
rare instances, interposed to compel 
the removal, by address, for political 
reasons. 

The office of adjutant-general in 
this state, since its establishment in 
1820, has been filled by eleven dif- 
ferent individuals, previous to the 
present incumbent, as follows : Jo- 
seph Low. from December 19, 1820, 
to June 27, 1839 ; Charles H. Peaslee, 
July 6, 1839. to November, 1847; 
John Wadleigh, December 7. 1847. to 
Julv 2. 1855 ; Joseph C. Abbott. July 
11. 1855, to Julv 30, 1861: Anthony 
Colby, Julv 30, 1861. to August 20, 
1863; Daniel E. Colby, August 21, 
1863, to March 25, 1864 ; Xatt Head, 



36 



Ma j. -Gen. Augustus D. Ayling 



March 25, L864, to July 11, 1870; 
John M. Haines, July 11, 1870, to 
August 10, 1874; Andrew J. Edgerly, 
Augusl 14, 1874, to February 9, 
187(5: Ira Cross. March 2, 1876, to 
July 15, 1879; Augustus D. Ayling, 
July 15, 1879, to January 3, 1907.* 
Of these it will be noted that the 
first and last. General Low and Gen- 
eral Ayling, held office for much 

* All of General Ayling's predecessors in office, 
with the single exception of General Cross, who 
immediately preceded him, and who is still a 
prominent citizen of Nashua and auditor of state 
treasurer's accounts, have long been deceased. 
The first incumbent, Gen. Josepb Low, was a 
native of Amherst, born July 24, 1790. He was a 
soldier of the War of 1812, and settled in Concord 
after his service, where he became a prominent 
citizen and the first mayor of the city, having 
previously served as postmaster from 1815 to 1829. 
While adjutant-general he had charge of the ex- 
pedition to Indian Stream to quell the disturb- 
ances which had there arisen. He died August 
28, 1859. 

Charles H. Peaslee, a native of Gilmanton.born 
February 6, 1804, graduated from Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1824, studied law and settled in practice 
in Concord. He served in the Legislature from 
1833 to 1837, and in Congress from 1847 to 1853. He 
was a close friend of President Pierce, and was 
appointed by him collector of the port of Boston, 
holding the position from 1853 to 1857. He died 

at St. Paul, Minn., September 20, 1866. 

John Wadleigh was a leading citizen of Mere- 
dith and of Belknap County, born June 3, 1806. He 
was conspicuous in civil and military affairs. He 
was treasurer of Strafford County before its divi- 
sion and later of Belknap, served several terms 
in the Legislature and in the State Senate in 
1862 and 1863, as well as in the Constitutional Con- 
vention of 1850. He rose from the ranks in the 
state militia to the grade of major-general. He 
died October 25, 1873. 

Joseph C. Abbott was born in Concord July 15, 
1825. He graduated from Phillips Andover Acad- 
emy and engaged for a time in journalism at 
Manchester. He enlisted in the Union army and 
served as lieutenant-colonel of the Seventh N. H. 
Volunteers, being brevetted brigadier-general 
for bravery at Fort Fisher. He settled in North 
Carolina after the war, and served in the United 
States Senate from that state for the term ending 
in 1871. He died October 8, 1882. 

Anthony Colby was born in New London No- 
vember 13, 1792. He served in the Legislature 
eight years, between 1828 and 1839. Was governor 
of the state in 1846, and in the Legislature again in 
1860. He died July 20, 1873. 

Daniel E. Colby, a son of Anthony, born Decem- 
ber 18, 1815, graduated from Dartmouth College in 
1836. He was engaged in mercantile and business 
life in New London, and died May 31, 1891. 

Natt Head w 7 as born in Hooksett in 1828. He was 
an extensive brick manufacturer, lumber dealer 
and contractor; was conspicuous in civil and mil- 
itary affairs, long commander of the Amoskeag 
Veterans, and governor of New Hampshire in 
1879 and 1880. He died November 12, 1883. 

John Malachi Haines, son of Malachi and Sarah 
CKellev) Haines, was born in Chichester June 9, 
1841. He enlisted in the Third N. H. Volunteers, 
August 14, 1861, was appointed corporal October 
11, and mustered out August 23, 1864. He died at 
Charlestown, Mass., October 5, 1875. 

Andrew J. Edgerly was born in Barnstead in 
1829. He served in the Fourth N. H. Volunteers 
in the Civil War, and was promoted to lieutenant. 
He was engaged in the insurance business most of 
his life, and died at Medford, Mass., February 26, 
1890. 



Longer periods than any other in- 
cumbents, the former for eighteen 
and one-half years, and the latter for 
twenty-seven and a half. At the 
time of his retirement, indeed, Gen- 
eral Ayling was not only the oldest 
adjutant-general in the Union, but is 
reputed to have served longer than 
any other man in the country ever 
did in such position. Moreover, he 
retired voluntarily, and greatly to 
the regret of all men connected with 
the service. 

General Ayling is a native of the 
City of Boston, a son of William 
Lewis and Margaret Cecelia (Hur- 
ley) Ayling, born July 28, 1840. 
Both parents were natives of Bos- 
ton, of English descent, his paternal 
great-grandfather having emigrated 
from Sussex County, England, while 
his maternal grandmother was a lin- 
eal descendant of Tristram Coffin. 
He was a pupil in the old Mason 
School in Boston, but while still in 
his childhood his parents removed to 
Lowell, where he attended the Edson 
grammar and the high school, and 
Lawrence Academy at Groton. His 
father, who had been a theatrical 
manager, died while he was quite 
young, necessitating his early en- 
gagement in remunerative employ- 
ment, and for some time before the 
outbreak of the Civil War he was a 
clerk in the office of J. C. Ayer & Co., 
in Lowell. 

Upon the opening of hostilities, he 
enlisted (April 19, 1861,) in an un- 
attached company known as the 
Richardson Light Infantry, which af- 
terwards became the Seventh Massa- 
chusetts Battery. He was subse- 
quently discharged to accept promo- 
tion, and on January 4, 1862, was ap- 
pointed second lieutenant in the 
Twenty-Ninth Massachusetts Volun- 
teers, promoted to first lieutenant, 
December 6, 1862, and mustered out 
May 26, 1864. He was appointed 
first lieutenant in the Twenty-Fourth 
Massachusetts Volunteers, April 25, 



Ma j.- Gen. Augustas I). Ayling 



:;" 



1865, and served on the staff of Maj.- 
Gen. R. S. Foster, commander of the 
First Division, Twenty-Fourth Army 
Corps. August 16, 1865, he w.as 
made adjutant of the Twenty-Fourth 
Massachusetts Volunteers and mus- 
tered out January 26, 1866. 

He saw service in the armies of the 
Potomac and the James. He was at 
Newport News, Ya., in 1862, when 
the Confederate steamer Virginia, or- 
dinarily known as the Merrimac, sank 
the Cumberland and burned the 
Congress, and had her fight with the 
Monitor, and was an eye-witness of 
the encounter. He was with McClel- 
lan in the Peninsula campaign, at An- 
tietam and Fredericksburg, and un- 
der Grant at Vieksburg, seeing 
' ' strenuous ' ' service under both 
commanders. 

After his final mustering out and 
the recuperation of health impaired 
in the service, he was for a time in 
the employ of J. F. Paul & Co., fancy 
lumber dealers of Boston. In 1870, 
h- a removed to Nashua, where he was 
engaged as confidential secretary of 
Charles A. Gillis, then engaged in ex- 
tensive business operations in New 
York. He also served for a short 
time as assistant city marshal. Soon 
after his removal to Nashua he be- 
came interested in local military af- 
fairs, and was made first lieutenant in 
Companv F, Second Regiment, N. H. 
N. G„ October 23, 1870. July 1, 
1879, he was promoted to cap- 
tain, and on the 15th of the same 
month was appointed by Governor 
Head adjutant-general, with the 
rank of major-general, the duties of 
which position he discharged with 
such efficiency and fidelity that he 
was successively recommissioned by 
Governors Charles H. Bell. Samuel 
W. Hale, Moody Currier, Charles H. 
Sawyer, David H. Goodell, Hiram A. 
Tuttle. John B. Smith. Charles A. 
Busiel, George A. Ramsdell, Frank 
W. Rollins. Chester B. Jordan. 
Nahum J. Bachelder and John 
McLane. 



His administration of the office was 
characterized throughout by that ear- 
nesl devotion, intelligent considera- 
tion and careful attention to details 
which insures success in every line of 
action or field of effort, and to this 
devoted, intelligent and careful ser- 
vice, on his part, more than to 
anything else, the state is indebted 
for the high standing and recog- 
nized efficiency of its National Guard 
today. More than this, the people 
of the state in general, and the 
families and friends of the more than 
30,000 sons of New Hampshire who 
saw service in the Union cause dur- 
ing the Civil War in particular, are 
indebted to him, beyond expression, 
for his patient, persistent and pains- 
taking labor in the compilation and 
publication, under state authority, of 
the voluminous "Register" of the 
service of New Hampshire soldiers 
and sailors in the War of the Rebel- 
lion, giving in brief the military rec- 
ord of all these men. 

A fitting expression of the regard 
in which General Ayling is held by 
those with whom he has come in close 
relation was manifested in the testi- 
monial banquet in his honor at the 
Eagle Hotel in Concord, upon his re- 
tirement from the service, which was 
attended by four of the governors un- 
der whom he had served, with about 
a hundred associate staff officers and 
ladies, on which occasion he was pre- 
sented with an elegant gold watch, 
while Mrs. Ayling was the recipient 
of a beautiful heart-shaped pendant 
of pearls and diamonds, with chain. 
Previous to this demonstration in his 
honor by former commanders and 
staff associates, when his forthcom- 
ing retirement became known to his 
fellow officers of the National Guard, 
they met in Concord, on the 27th of 
December last, to the number of about 
100. and. headed by the Second Regi- 
ment Band, marched to the state 
house and. gathering to the Doric 
hall, summoned General Ayling be- 
fore them and proceeded, through 






Maj.-Q-en. Augustus I). Ayling 



Gen. J. J I. Tolles, brigade com- 
mander, I" present liini with a mas- 
sive ;iml eleganl ly engraved Bilver lov- 
ing cup, as ;i token «it' their affec- 
tion and esteem, which gift, as well 
as those before mentioned, will ever 
be cherished as a tangible reminder 
of the sent imeiii inspiring the donors. 

General Ayling was united in mar- 
riage, December 22, 1869, with Eliza- 
lieth Freeman Cornish of Centerville, 
Mass., daughter of John F. and Eliza- 
beth B. (Stevens) Cornish, her father 
being a retired sea captain. They 
have two children Edith Cornish 
1m nil March 28, 1871. and Charles 
Lincoln, January 22, 1875. The son, 
Charles L. Ayling, after leaving 
school, entered the banking house of 
E. II. Rollins & Sons, in Concord, and 
removed with them to Boston. He is 
now a member of the well-known 
banking house of Baker, Ayling & Co. 
of that city. He married Margaret 
Ethel Robertson of Chicago. 

General Ayling was made a Mason 
in 1861, in Ancient York Lodge of 



Lowell, and later received the Royal 
Arch and Knight Templar degrees at 
Nashua. He is a member of E. E. 
Sturtevant Post, No. 2, G. A. R., of 
Con eo fd. of the Massachusetts Com- 
manderv of the Loyal Legion, of the 
Richardson Light Infantry Associa- 
tion of Lowell, of the Twenty-ninth 
.Massachusetts Volunteer Association, 
and of the National Historical and 
Biographical Society of New York. 
His religious association is with the 
Congregation alists. 

Upon completing his official service 
in Concord, General and Mrs. Ayling 
and daughter established their resi- 
dence at "The Barracks," a new 
home recently built by them in 
Centerville, Mass., within the limits 
of the town of Barnstable, on 
Cape Cod. Regretting deeply their 
departure from Concord and New 
Hampshire, their many friends in the 
Granite State wish them the fullest 
measure of happiness and enjoyment 
in the years to come. 



j Mslhi LmH 

By Emily E. Cole 



With his blackthorn shillalee 
From ould Tipperary, 

He's a broth of a boy and the light of me eye. 
He's bold and he's witty, 
And oh — inore's the pity — 

That me heart he has stolen, I cannot deny. 

And his face is so sonsie; 
His step is so jaunty ; 

He's a warm-hearted lad with a wonderful smile. 
His ways are so plazing, 
In spite of his tazing, 

And he swings his shillalee in illigant style. 

Och, shure, in the morning 
I v r ake at the dawning, 

And I think of me lad with emotions of joy. 
With his blackthorn shillalee 
From ould Tipperary. 

He's me swateheart, the Bocoleen, broth of a boy. 



iSn&keirs ami EiafleM 



By Edith Mellish Colby 



Among the Granite Hills of old 
New Hampshire there dwells in the 
town of Enfield a branch of that sect 
of people known as "Shakers." 

These kindly, honest people are 
looked upon with some mystery by 
those unfamiliar with them, but we 
have yet to learn of a single instance 
where acquaintance produced aught 
but respect. 

To realize the cause of the forming 
of these societies, we must under- 
stand the conditions of the times in 
which they began. The founder was 
Ann Lee, called "Mother. Ann" by 
her followers. She emigrated from 
England about 1774. and soon 
formed a society of Shakers in New 
York, at Xiskeyuna, near Albany. 

This was a time when great reli- 
gious awakenings were common. In a 
few years their doctrine hid been 
preached and accepted at different 
places in New York. Massachusetts 
and Connecticut, and in 1782 the 
Shaker community at Enfield was be- 
gun, when two preachers from Ver- 
mont came to that town and held 
meetings. 

Keceiving some converts, they se- 
cured land on what is now called 
"Shaker Hill"; this land, like all 
their property, being held in common. 
When these converts were first ac- 
quired they were not organized at 
once into societies, but for ten years 
or more they lived in their individual 
homes. 

Their meetings were held in a large 
farmhouse on Shaker Hill, which 
came to be called the Shaker Meeting 
House, but was destroyed bv fire in 
1788. 

Their numbers and property in- 
creasing, in 1702, they exchanged 
that land for a tract on the south- 



western shore of Mascoma Lake and 



Shaker Village ; 



is 



it is here that ' 
found today. 

They have one of the finest loca- 
tions in Grafton County, being one 
and one-half miles from Enfield sta- 
tion. The settlement consists today 
of the "North" and "Church" fam- 
ilies, though formerly another called 
the "South" family adjoined the 
Church family on the south. 

The South family became depleted 
in numbers and joined the Church 
family, selling the South farm, which 
has been used as an extensive dairy 




The Old Meeting- House 

and live stock farm, for which it is 
admirably adapted. 

The North family are few in num- 
ber, so the center of activity is with 
the Church family. Situated mid- 
way between the two extremes of 
Mascoma Lake, tiny own all land for 
a long distance, nearly two miles. 
The plain where the house is situated 
is very narrow, lying between the 
lake and the mountain, which rises 
very abruptly. 

The soil is rich, warm and produc- 
tive, level and free from stone; it is 
equalled for cultivation only by the 
Connecticut River lands. The con- 



40 



Shal.-t rs in TSnfield 



formation and geological surround- 
ings indicate thai tins is a former 
lake bottom and the texture of the soil 
would prove thai it was enriched by 
the drainage of the hills above it. 




Shaker Bridge 

Entering the community from the 
north, as the visitor does when arriv- 
ing by train, you approach across the 
famous "Shaker Bridge," which is 
the wonder of all who view it. Built 
by the Shakers in 1849, it was con- 
structed by driving immense piles 
into the mud bottom, until they had 
a foundation across the lake, upon 
which the structure of the bridge it- 
self was built of logs and stone and 
ea rth. 

This bridge was one of the most re- 
markable in the state and was built 
at a cost of ten thousand dollars and 
later sold to the town, the Shakers 
agreeing to keep it in repair for ten 
years. 

Passing the bridge, we follow the 
shore of the lake to the southward, 
where we reach, in about one half 
mile, the North family buildings; but 
we will pass them by and visit the 
Church family, which we reach after 
a short drive over a wide, smooth 
road, lined on either side bv maenifi- 
cent maples, meeting overhead much 
of the way. 

Arrived at the Church family, the 
firsl and most noticeable thing to 
catch the eye is the "Stone Build- 
ing." so called. 

This is directly back of the office 
and was built in 1840. It is built of 



stone which was quarried by the 
Shakers from their quarry in Canaan. 
It is four stories high, one hundred 
feet Long and fifty-six feet wide. 
Every stone in the building is 
cemented and fastened to its neighbor 
with iron dowels. The building cost 
nearly or quite forty thousand dollars 
and at the time of its erection was 
considered the most expensive build- 
ing in the state, except the state 
house. 

We secured permission to enter 
this building, and, with one of the 
"sisters" as a guide, we were con- 
ducted through the kitchens and din- 
ing-room. Here we saw the immense 
brick oven which bakes their bread 
six times a week ; here are the shin- 
ing ranges, the cupboard of bright 
tins arranged in rows and everything 
as convenient as thought can plan it. 

The dining-room attracts attention 
mainly from the fact that the food is 
served upon bare tables, scoured to 
snowy whiteness. The chairs being 
made with backs only about one foot 
high enables them to be pushed be- 
neath the tables when not in use and 
proves a convenience in setting or 




The Stone Building 

clearing the tables. Here we see no 
curtains at the windows, for the win- 
dows in all their buildings are only 
shaded by inside blinds. 

The food served is of the plainest, 
but wholesome, nutritious, economical 



Shak 



fZ 



ers in 



Enfield 



41 



and abundant, swine's flesh and wine 
being forbidden. In their cellars are 
quantities of fruit, both fresh and 
preserved, and many vegetables are 
also used. 




Family Dining Room 

On the second floor of this build- 
ing is the hall, where they now hold 
their meetings. This room presents 
the same appearance of commodious 
comfort and simplicity as the rest of 
their rooms. The floor of the hall 
is very beautiful, showing the grain 
of tin' wood in its natural condition. 
This floor has never been cleaned with 
water, as that would mar the beauty 
of the wood. It is cleaned by sprink- 
ling with fine white sand and scour- 
ing, mostly with the feet; when this 
sand is removed the floor has a white- 
ness and cleanness unequalled by any 
soap and water process. 

The third floor is devoted to sleep- 
ing rooms, each being furnished with 
a single bed, a stove, a bookcase, table 
for reading, a good reading lamp 
and comfortable chairs. Here, too, 
we see the utmost simplicity, but they 
do not neglect comfort; the spotless 
neatness and immaculate order and 
system make a lasting impression on 
all who visit them. 

This building is crowned by a 
cupola, where hangs a bell weighing 
eight hundred pounds. The view 
from the cupola is one to be remem- 
bered, especially if observed, as was 



the writer's privilege, during a heavy 
electrical storm. Flash after flash, 
the gleam of the lightning quivered 
round us, and the thunder crashed as 
if the very hills at our backs were be- 
ing rent in twain, while the surface 
of the erstwhile placid Mascoma was 
lashed to a foam, the white crested 
waves dashed themselves into a spray 
on the sandy beach and the little pier 
at the steamboat landing was swept 
by the mad torrent. Thus we 
watched, wonder-chained, the storm 
king ride away down the valley, and 
when the quiet white-capped sister at 
our side said "It is a fine place to 
view a storm," we had no mind to dis- 
pute her. 

As Ave descended from this Avatch- 
toAA'er, our ears caught the tones of 
one of the finest pianos in tOAvn, and 
the melody gave proof of a master 
hand at the keys. Beds of blossom- 
ing flowers at the doors gave eAudence 
of a love for the beautiful. 

Next AA-e visited the gardens Avhich 
have made the Shakers famous the 
world OA'er by their Shaker garden 
seeds and Shaker herbs. Going 
doAA*n the stone-paA'ed walks, toAvard 
the lake, and passing through the 
gateway, we found ourseh-es in the 




View from Tower, Looking East 

garden, Avhich is almost as leA'el as a 
table, not even a stone marring its 
smoothness. Here, stretching to 
right and left, are the long toaa's, 
straight as an arroAv's flight, spaced 



evenlv to an inch, where 



grow 



the 



12 



Shakers in Enfield 



asparagus, peppers, tomatoes, rad- 
ishes, onions and beets for seed pur- 
- s sweel corn with its nodding 
Is and the tall poles with their 
burden of beans with pods of scarlel 




Horticultural Garden 

and green and the plot of dandelions 
with its crown of gold which turns to 
down. The' dandelion is grown for 
greens, the root being used in their 
medicines, and the seed is sold to deal- 
ers. Here, too, we find them growing 
valerian and their "still." where its 
virtues are rendered for medical use. 
Dock is grown for the ' ' medicine 
man" to use in his wares. Worm- 

w I and lovage are included in their 

commercial herbs. 

Many other interesting things are 
found in the gardens, but we will take 
a peep into the dry house and then 
hasten on. In this dry hnu.se are two 
pans. resembling immense 
evaporators, where the sweet cum and 
other seed that is dried by heat is 
cured, the pans being kept at a siven 
temperature and the seed turned and 
stirred till properly cured. 

The next visit is to the barns, where 
all modern improvements are appar- 
ent, and the Inn- lines of dairy cows, 
with one or two men in constant at- 
tendance, are kept m neatness and 
comfort. They also keep horses and 



oxen sufficient for doing the work of 
their greal acreage. 

Leaving the barns, we hear the 
hum of bees as they store the sweets 
in the hives oearby. Across the 
highway stands the big stone shop for 
all kinds of woodworking; also many 
other buildings used for storage and 
other purposes. Their maple or- 
chards yield many pounds of sugar 
and syrup, and their fruit orchards 
are noticeable. 

The sisters prepare and sell many 
articles of needlework, which are 
most exquisitely made, the painstak- 
ing care and perfection of their work 
being truly a wonder. The children 
are very carefully and thoroughly 
educated in a school situated on their 
own grounds, and controlled by them. 

Many of Eniield's most prominent 
men have been numbered anion 2' the 
Shakers. Some of the more widely 
known have been ( Jaleb Dyer, who was 
head trustee during the years of the 
family's greatest progress, being an 
influential factor in the building of 




Elder Blinn in His Office 



the Shaker grist mill 
woolen mill at Enfield, 
largely responsible for 
of the Shaker bridge, 
ford. Hiram Baker and 
mings gave many years 



and Shaker 
and he was 
the building 
John Brad- 
Henry Cum- 
of their best 



Shakers in JUnfield 



U 



effort for the prosperous management 
of the society and many others as well. 

Formerly more manufacturing was 
done than there is today, the Shakers 
having operated the woolen mill, also 
the grist mill mentioned, a pail and 
tub shop and a number of smaller in- 
dustries : but. as their numbers de- 
creased, these have been for the most 
part dropped, though they still con- 
tinue the making of Shaker brooms, 
which find a ready market. 

One tragedy has marred the quiet- 



ness of the Shaker community and 
struck horror to their hearts, — the 
murder of Caleb Dyer by Tom Weir r 
as a result of a disagreement about 
Weir's children, which he had vol- 
untarily placed under the Shakers r 
control. 

There is material for many a vol- 
ume of pleasant reading in the his- 
tory of the Shakers, but whoever 
writes the story will say that the pre- 
dominant traits of the Shakers are 
honesty, industry and thoroughness. 



arc 



itt 



iff 



By Clara B. Heath 

Hereafter — ah. we do not know 
"What it may hold for us in store. 

If but this cloud that hangs so low. 
Would vanish to return no more. 

One night my garden, summer-clad, 
Was swept by an untimely frost, 

And half the love and faith I had, 
And all the bloom of life, was lost. 

But Hope, eternal, fair and sweet. 

Came to me with a whispered word, 
And lighter grew my weary feet; 

Once more life's inner pulses stirred. 

Hereafter when the stones are rolled 
From sepulchres where hopes have lain. 

The grief it brings shall be untold — 
We'll stand dry-eyed above the slain. 



Hereafter! ah. we do not know 
What may await us there and then 

The love and faith that ebbed so low 
May come with a full tide again. 



KeMsftnffuaB Life 

By Cyrus A. Stone 

How beautiful is life 
When firsl it wakes to greet the opening day, 
Bearing from some dear country far away 
Beyond the sacred mystery of its birth. 
Jts choicest treasures to the wondering earth! 
What lovely visions round its pathway rise 
Like rainbow-tinted clouds in April skies! 

So beautiful is life. 

"How beautiful is life," 
Thus sang a maiden in her golden prime, 
Her sweet face turned to greet the summer time. 
It seemed befitting that the floral plumes 
Of the green meadows and the orchard blooms, 
With bending hues and fragrance rich and rare, 
Should twine a garland for a brow so fair. 

So beautiful is life. 

How beautiful is life 
In the perfection of its manly power! 
For who would care to claim a richer dower 
Than the clear ringing voice and speaking eye 
Telling of earnesl quest and purpose high .' 
When conscious strength, rejoicing in its worth 
Goes forth to till the fruitful fields of earth. 

How beautiful is life ! 

How beautiful is life 
"When slowly homeward winds the loaded wain 
And the last sheaves are gathered on the plain! 
The autumn hills now wear their radiant crown 
And pensively the harvest moon looks down 
Where peace and plenty grace the social board 
And honest labor finds its sure reward. 

So beautiful is life. 

How beautiful is life, 
The life that w T akens from earth's closing day, 
Spreads its bright winys and gladly soars away 
Beyond the paling sunset's crimson bars. 
Beyond the twilight and beyond the stars. 
In that far realm, unknown to wealth or fame, 
I think the raptured soul will still exclaim 

How beautiful is life! 




Tlhe §©inis Mid D&unAfteirs ®f 



S&ffSAffg 

By Sarah Harvey Porter 
[A paper read before the New Hampshire Association of Washington, D. C. ] 



In spite of the negative experience 
of Mohammed, there are mountains 
that come to man. Every person 
born and reared within sight of Kear- 
sarge feels that the grand old moun- 
tain is part of his own personality. 
Its image was imprinted on his heart 
in childhood and remains there until 
his dying eyes behold the eternal light 
breaking over the hills of the New 
Jerusalem. 

Kearsarge has no near rival peak. 
Rising in noble contour, he is sole 
monarch of one of earth's lo\eliest 
regions. Hundreds of lesser moun- 
tains and hills do obeisance to him. 
Scores of lakes sparkle in his girdle. 
Shining rivers, fed by him, make their 
way leisurely to the sea. • wlr'ch is 
dimly visible from his bald, rocky 
summit at sunrise and at sunset. 
Prosperous farmhouses and fair vil- 
lages dot the plains at his feet. Tired 
workers in distant cities, forgetting 
loom and spindle, look up at him and 
find rest and patience in his majestic 
calm. Far away to the north, beyond 
Lake Winnepesaukee, rise the White 
Mountains — among them his name- 
sake, the younger Kearsarge of Con- 



way, and old Mount "Washington, 
wearing his crown of snow. 

The assertion has been made that a 
larger number of distinguished men 
and women have come from within a 
radius of twenty miles around Kear- 
sarge Mountain than from any other 
equal area on the globe. This claim 
may be somewhat extravagant, re- 
minding the scoffer, perhaps, of Oli- 
ver Wendell Holmes' remark, "The 
axis of the earth sticks out visibly in 
every country village. ' ' Another and 
a higher claim may be made, however, 
which cannot be refuted. No student 
of sociology will deny that the aver- 
age of practical ability, intelligence 
and morality has always been very 
high in those portions of Merrimack, 
Belknap. Hillsborough, Grafton and 
Sullivan counties dominated by old 
Kearsarge. To produce a Daniel 
Webster is much — but to raise, in 
each generation for more than a hun- 
dred and fifty years, a full crop of 
able, intelligent, honorable men and 
women is a far greater distinction. 

Some of the reasons for the high 
average of character attained in the 
Kearsarge territory have their roots 



jr. 



Tin Sons "ml Daughters of Kearsarge 



deep down in the past. The firsl set- 
tlers, coming into the regions mostly 
from Massachusetts under the Maso- 
nian Proprietors, were men and women 
of heroic mould. The mountain cli- 
mate, the barren soil and the inde- 
pendent backwoods life produced a 
decided variation from the Massachu- 
setts type. All Hi" virtues of Puri- 
tanism were retained but in a soft- 
ened, more toleranl form. There was 
almosl no persecution For heresy. The 
witchcraft delusion caused no death 
penalty to be paid m the Kearsarge 
region. The class distinctions which 
marked the Strawberry Brook settle- 
iii. 'Hi in southern New Hampshire 
Found no place in this northern wil- 
derness. Each man's needs — to wrest 
a living Prom the rocky soil— was his 
hlmr's need. Each man's foes — 
climate, wild beasts and Indians— 
were Ins neighbor's foes. Coopera- 
tion was necessary. The men and 
women whose hands were quickest 
and strongest to do. whose judgment 
could be safely trusted, whose integ- 
rity was beyond question, whose 
shrewd humor could tactfully prevent 
friction, became the leaders in each 
settlement. Thus an aristocracy 
based on personal worth and a democ- 
racy in which the poorest and the fee- 
blest felt himself a freeman, grew up 
side by side. Fortunately for the 
state, when the Revolution welded the 
colonies into a nation, it was this 
Kearsarge type which became the New 
Hampshire type. Today the descend- 
ants of those early setllers, no matter 
in what part of the world they may be 
found, are as easily recognized as if 
they had "New Hampshire" stamped 
all over them. The typical New 
Hampshireite is something like an ap- 
ple tree of his native region. He is 
not much to look at. His manners are 
simple, perhaps brusque. His speech 
is almost sure to be abrupt. But he 
usually bears good and abundant 
fruit with a decided flavor of its own. 
After all, the main reason, perhaps, 



of the high character of the Kearsarge 
folk lies in the fact that it has always 
been a reading people. Here is a bill 
of books boimht in 1796 for the Union 
Library of Sutton, New London and 
Pisherville — now Newbury : 

Hopkinton, Oct. 7, 1796. 
Levi Harvey Esq. 

Bought of Joseph Towne, 

Pounds Shillings Pence 

1 Moore's Travels, 2 Vols. 1 1 

1 Hunter's Sacred Biography 1 16 

1 Gordon's AmerieanWar, 3Vols. l 11 6 

1 Young's Letters 3 6 
1 Rollins, Ancient Historv, 10 

Vols. 2 14 

1 Butterworth's Concordance 16 6 

1 Three Wars' Triumph 1 6 

1 Priestley's Answer to Paine I 6 



Deduct 5 per cent 




8 


5 
8 


6 
5 


Cr. bv Cash 8 Dols. 
Note 




7 
2 
5 


17 
8 
9 


21-2 



21-2 


Errors excepted. 


7 
For Mr. Towne 

Jno Ballard 


17 


21-2 



A memorandum on the back of the 
note reads : 

Library Debt to Levi Harvey, Dec. 179G. 
To Quire and a half of Brown Paper 1 

Shilling 2 Pence 
To Cash paid for Book for Records G 

Pence 

In later bills we see a few sedate ro- 
mances — those of Samuel Richardson 
—but solid works always predomin- 
ated. To a generation whose ideal 
library is an enormous collection of 
light fiction housed in a gaudy build- 
ing uiven by a millionaire, the above 
list may seem alarmingly sombre in 
tone. But the New Hampshire sense 
of humor has always been able to find 
food even in sermons and professedly 
instructive tomes. I remember hear- 
ing my grandmother say once to a yel- 
low dog that was always underfoot, 
"Do get out of my way, you old hea- 
then writer ! " I asked her to tell me 
the origin of the phrase as she used it 
and she replied, "The first winter 
after we were married, your grand- 
father and I read aloud Goldsmith's 
• Animated Nature' [the dear old lady 
pronounced it 'nater'], and were 
much amused at the way the author 
indulged himself in stories a little 
impolite by attributing them to 'an 



The Sews and Daughters of Kearsarge 



47 



old heathen writer.' We took up the 
phrase as a byword and it has lin- 
gered in the family ever since." 

The local humor" of every Kearsarge 
town has expressed itself in bywords. 
Mr. C. C. Lord, the very able histo- 
rian of TTopkinton. quotes as an in- 
stance : 

"A stranger passing through town 
happened to inquire of a non compos 
m< nfis. one Lois Eastman, the way to 
a certain place. The woman replied, 
briskly. 'You go right down by Joe 
Putney's turnip yard, past the sweet 
apple tree and so on down to John 
Gage's.' 

"The bewildered traveler said, 'But 
I don't know anything about the 
sweet apple tree or John Gage.' 
Whereupon Lois lost her patience. 
'Well, then,' she snapped, 'you air 
one pesky, divilish fool if you don't 
know the way to John Gage's.' 
From this incident," says Mr. Lord, 
"a byword was born. For years af- 
terwards, a person of less than aver- 
age intelligence was liable to be des- 
ignated as one who didn't know the 
way to John Gage's." 

Education has always been a fetish 
in the Kearsarge district. From the 
earliest times up to the present day 
one could not throw a stone into a 
New Hampshire crowd without hit- 
ting a school teacher. Also, from the 
earliest times up to and including the 
present day, in New Hampshire as 
elsewhere, injustice in the matter of 
salaries, as between men and women 
teachers, seems to have prevailed, 
judging by the following receipts: 
The first, that of a man, reads : 

March 31, 1791. 
Then my son, Robert Hogg, received 17 
bushels of Rie which was due me for 
teaching schooling two months in Sutton. 

Per Me 
Robert Hogg 

The schoolma'am's receipt is better 
written and expressed, but she gets 
so much less rye for her work that one 
feels her colleague bore an appropri- 
ate name. 



Feb. 1, 1791. 
Received of Jacob Mast in and Hezekiah 
Parker, six bushels of Rye, it being pay 
in full for my keeping school for them 
and others last fall six weeks. 

Lydia Parker 

One of the earliest highways built 
led to 11, mover, the seat of Dartmouth 
College. Over this "College road," 
as it was called, trudged youths from 
Kearsarge; most of them walked to 
save stage fare ; many came and went 
barefooted to spare shoeleather. Zeal 
for scholarship and the triumphs 
scholarship might win, led them on — 
not visions of football and baseball 
victories or the hope of rowing a boat 
when they reached Hanover. The 
ambition of these backwoods moun- 
tain lads was of a nobler strain. They 
were resolved to make themselves felt 
in town, state and national affairs. 
They did, mightily. The Kearsarge 
region has furnished eighteen govern- 
ors of states. Its lawyers have shed 
lustre on the American bench and bar. 
In state and national legislative halls 
its sons have won distinction ; in medi- 
cine they have scored triumphs; in 
the ministry and in the missionary 
field they have set inspiring examples 
of self-sacrifice and devotion to high 
ideals; in trade and commerce they 
have combined fearless integrity with 
enormous financial success; literature 
knows them; in the world's temple of 
art they have a niche: in music they 
have excelled; education, the earth 
over, stands in their debt. 

The student of the Kearsarge re-  
gion is continually amazed at the 
large proportion of entire families of 
children who, in Yankee vernacular, 
"turned out" well. Thus, we find 
four Bartlett brothers representing 
four different towns in the state Leg- 
islature at the same time. Matthew 
Harvey, afterwards Governor Har- 
vey, was president of the state Sen- 
ate at the same time that his brother, 
Jonathan, was speaker of the state 
House of Representatives. There 
were three eminent divines among the 



48 



Tin St,, is and Daughters of Kearsarge 



Kimball s. \'.\ i □ a Larger number 
among the Seamans. Two Ilunloons 
were famous physicians. Three times 
Walter Harriman ran successfully for 
etate senator againsl his own brother. 
The whole world knows the story of 
the two young eagles who look their 
flighl from a farmhouse high up on 
the easl side of Kearsarge. The Web- 
ster brothers possessed an equal love 
for study but funds were lacking to 
educate both. Therefore, for a while 
Daniel gave up his share of paternal 
help to Ezekiel. The following let- 
ters which passed between the Web- 
ster brothers reflect conditions in 
many another New Hampshire house- 
hold at that date. Daniel, who is at 
home in Salisbury, now Franklin, 
writes : 

Now Zeke, you will not read half a sen- 
tence, no, not one syllable, before you 
have thoroughly searched this letter for 
scrip, but. my word for it, you '11 fiud no 
scrip here. We held a sanhedrim this 
morning on the subject of cash. Could 
not hit upon any way to get you any. 
Just before we went away to hang our- 
selves through disappointment it came 
into our heads that next week might do. 
The truth is, father had an execution 
against Hubbard of North Chester for 
about a hundred dollars. The money was 
collecting and just about to drop into the 
hands ef the collectors when H. suddenly 
died. This, you see, stays the execution 
till the long process of administration is 
completed. I have now by me two cents 
in lawful, Federal currency. Next week 
I shall send them even if they be all. 
They will buy a pipe. With a pipe you 
can smoke; smoking inspires wisdom; 
wisdom is allied to fortitude; from forti- 
tude it is but one step to stoicism; and 
stoicism never pants for this world's 
goods; so perhaps by this process my two 
cents may put you quite at your ease 
about cash. We are still here in just the 
old way, always behind and lacking. Boys 
digging potatoes with frozen fingers and 
girls washing without wood. 

The letter just quoted was crossed 
by one from Ezekiel who, after mak- 
ing a criticism of Horace, says: 

These cold, frosty mornings very sen- 
sibly inform me that I need a warm great 
coat. I wish, Dan, that it might be con- 
venient to send me cloth for one. Other- 



wise 1 shall be necessitated to purchase 
one here. I do not care what color it is 
or what kind of cloth it is; anything that 
will keep the frost out. Some kind of 
shaggy cloth will probably be cheapest. 
Deacon Pettingill has offered me fourteen 
dollars a month to teach school. I be- 
lieve I shall take it. Money, Daniel, 
money! As I was walking down to the 
office after a letter I happened to have one 
cent, which is the only money I've had 
since the day after I came on. It is a 
fact, Dan, that I was called on for a dol- 
lar where I owed it, and borrowed it and 
have borrowed it four times to paj those 
I borrowed of. 

Ezekiel taught during his next va- 
cation. Daniel writes to a classmate : 

'Zeke is at Sanbornton and comes home 
once in a while, sits down before the 
kitchen fire, begins to poke and rattle 
the andirons. I know what is coming 
and am mute. At length he puts his feet 
into the brick oven's mouth, places his 
right eyebrow up on his forehead and be- 
gins a very pathetic lecture on the evils 
of poverty. It is like a church service. 
He does all the talking and I only say, 
"Amen! Amen!" 

To the end of their lives both Web- 
ster brothers loved their mountain 
birthplace. The oft-quoted remark, 
"New Hampshire is a good place to 
emigrate from," Daniel Webster 
never made, either with or without 
accent on the word "from." Not 
long before his death Webster said to 
Judge Nesmith of Franklin, concern- 
ing this remark : "I never said it, or 
anything of that import. My utter- 
ances have been rather public and it 
seems as though some one could tell 
the time, the place or the occasion 
when I made such a remark or any 
other remark not respectful to the 
land of my birth. The remark was, 
many years ago, attributed to Jere- 
miah Mason, but I do not believe he 
ever made it." 

Not all the honors were carried off 
by college graduates. The district 
school and the old academies have 
furnished the brain and sinew of New 
Hampshire's greatness. From the 
outcry and gratulation made over 
modern co- and higher education, one 



The Sons and Daughters of Kearsarye 



49 



would suppose that, previous to the 
founding of Smith, Vassar, Wellesley 
and Cornell, no American girl ever 
had a chance to learn anything be- 
yond the traditional three R's As a 
"matter of fact, generation after gen- 
eration of New Hampshire girls 
studied higher mathematics, science, 
history, ancient and modern lan- 
guages and literature alongside with 
(when they did not outstrip, as often 
happened) their brothers and young 
men friends. Harriet Beecher 
Stowe's "Cloudland" in "Oldtown 
Folks" is no fancy picture. It is a 
true description of an old Kearsarge 
academy. 

Many of the girls hired rooms near 
an academy and boarded themselves. 
They "worked out" in vacations to 
earn money to pay their tuition. 
They did their own sewing. Withal 
they studied. How they studied, 
and how they loved study, those 
quick-handed, keen-brained, moun- 
tain girls ! Susan Colby, Lydia Wad- 
leigh. Augusta Harvey, Adelaide 
Smiley, and their many peers, knew 
nothing about "passing an examina- 
tion." They never heard of a cap 
and gown for a woman. They did not 
"work for a degree." They delved 
among Greek roots, calculated eclipses 
and pored over the pages of Milton 
and Shakespeare for sheer love of do- 
ing these things. They worked for 
"the wages of going on." 

That word "work" has always 
been reverenced in the Kearsarge dis- 
trict. If a person was "good to 
work, "much might be forgiven him; 
but if he was not "good to work," 
no number of other virtues could re- 
deem him in public estimation. "Not 
a lazy bone in his body" was consid- 
ered the highest praise that could be 
given. In this connection the fol- 
lowing clipping from the Concord 
Monitor is of interest: 

An elderly lady was relating in our 
hearing the other day her experience in 
going out to do housework in her younger 
days. About the first thing to be done 



after she was engaged was to make soap. 
She had assistance in putting up the 
leach, but the rest of the work to make 
a barrel of soap she performed herself. 
Killing hogs came next in order, she try- 
ing out the lard, taking care of the skins 
and helping to make sausages. Then 
came the butchering of beef, the tripe of 
which, of course, must be saved, and 
which she was required to dress alone. 
She spun warp for 30 yards of all-wool 
carpet, and, in the meantime, a child was 
born to the lady, and she officiated as 
nurse, and did the washing, ironing and 
cooking for the family. At the end of 
four weeks she was to return home, and 
her bill was called for. Now, Gentle 
Reader, what do you think she charged 
for doing the amount of work she had 
done? The first week 75 cents, the second 
83 cents, and the last weeks $1 each, mak- 
ing $3.58 for four weeks' service. The 
lady thought the price decidedly too high, 
and she threw off 25 cents, leaving $3.33 
for four of the hardest weeks' labor 
ever put upon a woman. Yet she never 
struck for higher wages, but served her 
time faithfully, and is today a hale, hearty 
old lady of fourscore years, able to do her 
own housework and lend a helping hand 
to a neighbor in need, or wherever duty 
calls. 

^Yhen the Merrimack began to turn 
spindles hundreds of Kearsarge girls 
nocked to the Lowell, Nashua and Man- 
chester cotton and woolen factories, 
carrying with them the leaven of 
their country training. Many a dis- 
tinguished "City Father" of today 
is the son or grandson of one of those 
good mountain girls. 

From the time when the Boscawen 
boys fought two battles in one day 
under General Stark at Bennington 
up to the recent conflict in the Philip- 
pines the military record of the Kear- 
sarge district has been glorious. The 
cemeteries of the Merrimack Valley 
cities and villages, the lonely moun- 
tain graveyards, are thickly sprinkled 
with little flags. The first soldier to 
fall in the mob at Baltimore,— Luther 
Ladd, a bov of seventeen,— crying as 
he fell, "Hail to the Stars and 
Stripes," was born at the foot of old 
Kearsarge. Sons of Kearsarge, too, 
were among the last men mustered 
out. 



50 



The Sons and 1 laughters of Kearsargt 



 Remember, Bill, " said an old 
Kearsarge farmer to his son. "it 
takes a good deal more gril to back 
down liil! than ii does to pull up. 

When the war broke out a greal 
many Merrimack Valley men, like 
Aaron Baker, backed down hill, and 
they did it grittily. They renounced 
their old Jacksonian Democracy and 
stood by the Union, 1 offering their 
treasure, their blood and their hearts' 
best beloved in its defense. Some of 
these men had even voted for the Fu- 
gitive Slave Bill, although doing so 
was to them, as grand old Governor 
Colby of Xew London said it was to 
him, "like stuffing a hot potato down 
a man's throat and then asking him to 
sing 'Old Hundred.' " 

Among the patriots of '61 no son 
of Kearsarge was more ardent for the 
preservation of the Union than 
Franklin Pierce, ex-president of the 
Tinted States. Now that the clouds 
of anger and suspicion have been 
blown away by the winds of time, men 
are beginning to see that Nathaniel 
Hawthorne spoke truly when he said 
of Franklin Pierce, "No man's loy- 
alty is more steadfast, no man's hopes 
or apprehensions on behalf of our na- 
tional existence more deeply heartfelt, 
or more closely intertwined with his 
possibilities of personal happiness 
than those of Franklin Pierce." 

Lack of space forbids anything like 
a roll-call of the men and women who 
have brought honor to old Kearsarge. 
The list is too long- for that. A few 
representative biographies, however, 
may be briefly and imperfectly 
sketched, their subjects -being chosen 
(almost at random because there are 
so many to choose from) for the sole 
reason that they an representative of 
the energy, industry, intelligence and 
high ethics which have made the word 
"Xew Hampshire" a synonym for 
upright living the world over. * 
The much-discussed "new woman" 

'This is a mistaken statement, attributable to 
the writer's pardonable prejudice. Standing- by 
the Union was always a characteristic of the true 
Jacksonian Democrat. 



of today has had her counterpart in 
every generation since Eve. Sarah 
Josepha Hale was the new woman of 
the Kearsarge region. Left a widow 
with five children to support, she 
turned her pen to very good account, 
as the following list shows: 

Editor of Tin Ladies' M<i</<i;ih< , 
Boston, 1828-'29; afterwards editor 
of Godcy's Ladies' Book. She first 
proposed the national observance of 
Thanksgiving Day; wrote many 
poems which were well received; 
wrote "Woman's Record, or Sketches 
of All Distinguished Women from 
the Creation to the Present Day;" an- 
other volume of poems, 1830 ; a novel, 
"Norwood;" "Sketches of Ameri- 
can Character ; " " Traits of American 
Life, ' ' followed by a treatise on ' ' The 
Way to Live Well' and How to be Well 
while we Live." Then came more 
stories and poems. Next this versa- 
tile woman produced an excellent 
cookbook, quickly followed by a ' ' Dic- 
tionary of Quotations" and "A Bible 
Reader," Then came dramas, more 
stories, and lastly a translation of 
Madame De Sevigne's Letters. Mrs. 
Hale died at the age of ninety, owing 
her longevity, she believed, chiefly to 
her lifelong intellectual interests. 

The Batons — descendants on the 
maternal side of the saintly Kimballs 
—have been prominent educators, sol- 
diers and financiers. Of Gen. John 
Eaton, formerly United States com- 
missioner of education, Edward Ev- 
erett Hale said, "He is not only one 
of the most distinguished educators 
in this country, but he is one of the 
most distinguished educators known 
to the world." 

The following sketch of a Kearsarge 
Eaton who went forth to conquer is 
taken from the "History of Merri- 
mack and Belknap Counties," and 
was written by Mrs. Augusta Harvey 
Worthen, historian of the town of 
Sutton: 

Frederick Eaton of Toledo, Ohio, is one 
of Sutton's sons who, at the age of 17 
went out from his father's farm on Kim- 



The Sons and Daughters of Kearsarge 



51 



ball Hill — six miles from Kearsarge — to 
begin a remarkable career as a merchant. 
His education was limited to what the 
old red schoolhouse in his district fur- 
nished and to one term's attendance at an 
academy at Thetford, Vt. But the Sut- 
ton rocks are disciplinarians as well as 
are the teachers in her schools. No lad 
can haul lumber and logs out of her woods 
in the deep snow and drive loaded carts 
over the hillside pastures and swing the 
scythe in her stony fields without having 
his mind trained to alertness, concentra- 
tion and nice discernment. In this vig- 
orous schooling, where the pitiless rocks 
held the ferule, young Fred put in early 
and late hours summer and winter. 

Mr. Eaton built up the largest store 
in Toledo, his sales sometimes amount- 
ing to $1,000,000 in a single year. He 
is identified with all the leading in- 
terests of the city. 

Each summer the clan of the Ea- 
tons eathers at the old Sutton home, 
now called Eaton Grange. Young, 
middle aged and old, from the North, 
the East, the South and the West they 
come, and old Kearsarge gives them 
his benediction, even as he gave his 
blessing to their pioneer ancestors a 
century and a half ago. 

"Labor conquers all things," is the 
motto in Latin on the Pillsbury coat 
of arms. Armorial bearings were 
dropped when the Pillsburys settled 
under the brow of Kearsarge Moun- 
tain, but the motto has been lived up 
to and verified in each generation. 
Half the world is fed from the Pills- 
bury flour mills, located in Minnesota. 
The Pillsburys have won wealth, and 
they have used it wisely, beneficently, 
modestly. They have built hospitals 
for the sick, homes for orphan chil- 
dren, schools and libraries. They 
have answered every call of famine, 
fire, flood, or pestilence that has 
reached their ears. They have 
erected monuments to commemorate 
the soldier dead. 

There was no such thing as race 
suicide on the slopes of Kearsarge 
Mountain. Lydia Wadleigh was the 
youngest of ten children. Although 
her father was a judge, she worked 
at home ; there was plenty to do in the 



big farmhouse thai directly faced 
Kearsarge. The district schoolhouse 
was two miles away. Every morn- 
ing, with dinner pails in their hands, 
the little Wadleighs started out for 
school. In the summer they went 
barefooted, like all other Sutton chil- 
dren. In winter, shod in well -greased 
cowhide, they ploughed sturdily 
through snowdrifts. After a course 
at New Hampton Academy, Miss 
Wadleigh became a teacher. Rapidly 
rising in her profession, she was called 
to New York City, where she helped 
found the City Normal College, be- 
coming its vice-president and profes- 
sor of ethics. At the time of her 
death Miss Wadleigh was receiving 
the largest salary ever paid to any 
woman teacher in the state of New 
York. An alcove, called the Wad- 
leigh alcove, has been dedicated to her 
memory in the library of the college. 
The alcove is filled with books on phil- 
osophy and ethics. 

Now and then one meets Kearsarge 
men and women who seem to person- 
ify the life-giving air of their moun- 
tain birthplace. Energy inspires 
each look and movement. They are in- 
terested in everything in heaven and 
earth and in the waters under the 
earth. They are intensely alive. It 
is impossible to think of them as dead 
even after the grass has long been 
growing on their graves. Such an 
one was Walter Harriman of the old 
Kearsage town of Warner. Mr. Har- 
riman 's life is a remarkable illustra- 
tion of successful versatility. A tal- 
ented Universal ist minister, a mer- 
chant, a clerk in Washington, ap- 
praiser of Indian lands, state senator, 
editor, politician, secretary of state 
in New Hampshire, governor, man of 
letters, brilliant orator. In studying 
the life of Walter Harriman one is 
reminded of another brilliant son of 
Kearsarge, ex-Gov. Frank West Rol- 
lins, originator of "Old Home Week." 

Kearsarge has had no more loyal son 
than Walter Harriman. Twice he 
successfullv defended the old moun- 



52 



The Sons and Daughters of Kearsun/c 



tain againsl spurious claims pul forth 
by persons interested in the Conway 
Kearsarge. The first claim had to do 
merely with the priority of name and 
was easily disposed of, since Conway 
was largely settled by persons from 
the vicinity of the Merrimack County 
Kearsarge, who would, quite natu- 
rally, name the peak near their new 
home for the mountain from which 
they had lately come. But the sec- 
ond, strangely-belated claim (made 
eleven years behind time), was more 
serious, denying, as it did, that the 
gallant corvette that sank the Ala- 
bantu was named for the Merrimack 
County Kearsarge. The controversy 
lies so near the heart of every Merri- 
mack Valley man and woman that a 
few facts concerning it should be 
noted here. 

The timber of which the ship 
was built was taken from a woodlot 
on the side of the Merrimack County 
mountain. Her crew was largely 
made up of Merrimack Valley men. 
Her name was suggested by Maj. 
Henry McFarland, one of the pub- 
lishers of the Concord Statesman. 
General Ordway, on the floor of the 
state House of Representatives; Rev. 
Nathaniel Bouton, president of the 
New Hampshire Historical Society, 
Salmon P. Chase, a Kearsarge man, 
Governor Hill and others prominent 
in state affairs, are on record as 
vouching for the fact that the famous 
battleship was named for the older 
Kearsarge in Merrimack County, and 
not for the Carroll County mountain. 

Two hotels have been built on the 
Wilmot side of the mountain. The 
first was burned in 1862. The sec- 
ond, a fine structure, was burned re- 
cently. At the opening of each house 
a banquet was held, at which Admiral 
Winslow, commander of the ship, was 
the guest of honor. At the opening 
of the second house Admiral Winslow 
presented the proprietor with a stand 
of colors and a picture of the battle. 

Governor Harriman says: "Men 
of high station, both in the state and 



country, as well as others, were pres- 
ent on these occasions, participating 
in the festivities and congratulations 
of the hour. Nobody whispered that 
we were on the wrong mountain. 
Probably into no one's mind had the 
idea yet entered that a rival mountain 
was entitled to these honors." 

Not until after the death of Admi- 
ral Winslow, eleven years after the 
famous victory, was the paternity of 
the Merrimack County Kearsarge dis- 
puted. The family of the admiral, 
siding with the Merrimack Countv 
side in the dispute, accepted from the 
town of Warner, in which the sum- 
mit of Kearsarge rises, a granite 
boulder from the mountain to mark 
his grave in Forest Hills Cemetery, 
Boston. 

As a straw of additional proof, the 
following poem, written by Mrs. Au- 
gusta Harvey Worthen the day the 
Kearsarge came back in triumph into 
Boston Harbor, may be quoted. This 
lyric was originally published in the 
Boston Transcript. It was widely 
copied, usually with a prefatory ex- 
planation that the ship was named for 
a mountain in Merrimack County, 
New Hampshire. When the second 
Kearsarge was launched the poem was 
reprinted. It has been translated 
into German. No critic ever hinted 
that the author had attributed spon- 
sorship to the wrong mountain. 

KEARSARGE TO ITS NAMESAKE. 

A monarch old, my court I hold 
A hundred miles away, 
But I look afar as a ship of war 
Comes proudly up the bay. 

I hear the fort, with loud report 

Of cannon's swift discharge, 

Through autumn air shout welcome fair, 

Shout welcome to Kearsarge. 

Glad tremor thrills the rock-ribbed hills 
That in my presence wait. 
From lips of fame they catch the name 
Dear to the Granite State. 

0! Godson brave, thy name I gave, 
For thee I sponsor stood, 
With earnest voice I pledged thy choice 
To seek thy country's good. 



The Sons and Daughters of Kearsarye 



53 



I hear her tell, — "Thou hast done well! 

For nation that defied, 

Saw thy fierce blows sink traitor foes 

Beneath a foreign tide." 
» 

My thanks, namesake, now freely take, 
Thanks and my welcome too— 
Thou'st brought no shame upon my name, 
I give thee honor due. 

So live and fight for country's right, 
Be loyal, true and brave, 
Till foreign hate share treason's fate, 
Beneath a foreign wave. 

The claims of the Carroll County 
Kearsarge have been voiced by Mr. 
Gustavus Fox in a paper read before 
the Appalachian Mountain Club in 
1877. Mr. Fox 's trump card appears 
to be a letter from ex-Secretary 
Welles of Connecticut, whose official 
duty it was to formally decide upon 
the name for the ship. Mr. Welles, 
after saying that Mr. Chase and Gov- 
ernor Hill merely corrected his pro- 
nunciation of the word Kearsarge 
without alluding to the locality of 
the mountain (which they had no 
need to do, both being Kearsarge 
men) adds. "Mrs. Fox. wife of the as- 
sistant secretary, and daughter of 
Levi Woodbury, knew what I did not, 
that there were two mountains bear- 
ing the name Kearsarge, and if she 
states the Carroll mountain was the 
one in view, I think it entitled to the 
paternity." 

Xow this is a gentlemanly and gal- 
lant attitude on the part of Mr. 
Welles toward Mrs. Fox, but it most 
certainly cannot be accepted as con- 
vincing proof that the corvette was 
not named for the Merrimack County 
Kearsarge. 

Mr. Fox's pamphlet is the only eas- 
ily accessible publication on the sub- 
ject in the Congressional Library. 
The other side — the right side as ev- 
ery Merrimack Valley man and 
woman believes — must be sought for 
in many different books, newspapers 
and magazines. The number of the 
Concord Monitor in which Kev. 
Nathaniel Bouton replies to Mr. Fox 
is missing from the tiles of the Con- 



gressional Library. I have received 
permission from the library authori- 
ties to procure a type-written copy 
of all procurable evidence in favor of 
the Merrimack County mountain. 
This copy will be placed on the same 
shelf with Mr. Bouton 's pamphlet. 

Just here, a peculiar and most im- 
portant line of effort suggests itself 
in connection with this association. 
Each year many persons of New 
Hampshire descent come — and will 
come in ever-increasing numbers as 
time passes-— to the nation's capital. 
A large proportion of these visitors 
may never step foot on the soil of old 
New Hampshire, but many will seek 
in the big library on the hill informa- 
tion concerning the early life and the 
home towns of their forefathers. 
Should not this association see to it, 
either by personal effort of its mem- 
bers, or through New Hampshire sen- 
ators and representatives, that every 
scrap of valuable published matter 
concerning Xew Hampshire is placed 
in the National Library ? The au- 
thorities of the library gladly welcome 
any additions to the collection of 
Americana. Of course, every Amer- 
ican copyrighted book is supposed to 
get to the shelves sooner or later — 
generally later. As a matter of fact, 
however, many books concerning New 
Hampshire which ought to be in the 
library are not there. Data, for in- 
stance, concerning Dartmouth Col- 
lege is disgracefully inadequate. A 
large mass of valuable periodical lit- 
erature dealing with subjects of in- 
terest to New Hampshire people, is 
practically inaccessible to the average 
reader not admitted to the stacks. 

There are persons (the writer of 
this article among them) who do not 
find a card-catalogue illuminating. 
It might be well for some member of 
this association to make out a type- 
written list (to be kept in the asso- 
ciation rooms) of all the books and 
other publications concerning New 
Hampshire now in the Congressional 
and State Department libraries, space 



54 



The Sons and Daughters of Kearsarge 



being lefl for noting additions as they 
are made. 

A collection of pictures of historic 
places and of men and women of New 
I [ampshire who have made their mark 
in the world would also be of value. 
A greal many calls are made at the 
Congressional Library for pictures, 
some of them incongruous, as when a 
man senl down the other nighl for ''A 
picture of Moses and one of Sarah 
Bernhardt." A century from now 
some student of New Eampshire lore 
may couple Daniel Webster and Mary 
Baker Eddy— that remarkable woman 
whose central tend (thinking good 
and charitable thoughts) we must all 
acknowledge, no matter how vigor- 
ously we may deny her therapeutics, 
lias transformed thousands of miser- 
able, self-centered men and women 
into unselfish, wholesome workers. 

.Most interesting and valuable of all 
would be a collection of manuscripts 



written by the members of the asso- 
ciation. Many interesting papers 
have been read in this hall which 
should be preserved. Someone has 
said, "The ground of old New Eng- 
land is slipping from under our 
feet." There is much truth in the 
remark. The summer boarder, the 
telephone, the trolley-car and foreign 
immigration have already revolution- 
ized rural life in New Hampshire: 
therefore it would seem to be the 
sacred duty of those of us who re- 
member the old, simple, homely, wor- 
thy life of former days to preserve 
our recollections in writing. 

I believe the carrying out of some 
such plan as that here so crudely out- 
lined would help to make the New 
Hampshire Association in "Washing- 
ton a beneficent civic influence long 
after we are sleeping — where most of 
us, probably, would wish to seek our 
final rest — in an old New Hampshire 
graveyard. 



W©usMsa B t Y©us 

By Maude Gordon Roby 

She was neat, she was sweet, 
She was. yes. she was petite. 
She was young, she was fair; 
There were roses in her hair. 
And she looked so modest, too, 
Gazing down upon her shoe- 
That he quite forgot her sister, 
And — he — kissed — her ! 
Wouldn't you 
Have done so too? 
Wouldn 't you ? 



Th© DalEy P@©dl 

By George Warren Parker 

The daily deed we deem but slight, 
Though not rewarded here. 

May bring a darkened soul to light 
And write our title clear. 



Am ©ad=T!m© Mc 



By Fred Myron Colby 



The wonderful progress of science, 
art and material prosperity during 
two hundred years has no better il- 
lustration, perhaps, than in the dif- 
ference which exists between the 
paper, typographical execution and 
general appearance of books pub- 
lished in the first decade of the eight- 
eenth century and those which our 
modern printing presses are sending 
forth today. We have before us a 
copy of the ' ' American Almanack for 
the year of Christian Account 1710; 
unto which is numbered from the 
Creation by the Orient and Greek 
Christians, 7219 ; by the Hebrews 
and Rabbins, 5719; by the recent 
computation of W. W. 5470." This 
little relic of "ye olden time' 7 is 
quite a curiosity, not more in its an- 
tiquity than in its type, paper and 
contents. 

The almanac is about seven inches 
long by four wide and contains 
twenty-four pages, coarser and 
browner than the wrapping paper in 
use at the present time. On the sec- 
ond page are represented the signs of 
the zodiac, the same picture as is still 
printed in farmers' almanacs, each 
constellation opposite the different 
organs and portions of the human 
body which it is vulgarly supposed 
to govern. Graves and Whitelaw, 
the publishers, inform their readers 
that their almanac is "fitted to the 
latitude of 40 degrees, and a meri- 
dian five hours west from London, 
but may without sensible error serve 
all the adjacent places, even from 
Newfoundland to Carolina." The 
astronomical and tidal tables for each 
month are given on twelve consecu- 
tive pages, and above these reckon- 
ings are verses in praise of the plan- 
ets and descriptive of their supposed 
influence upon human affairs. A 



short proverb, similar in style to Poor 
Richard's sayings, is printed below 
each table. Following these is an ac- 
count of the number and appearance 
of the eclipses for that year, and the 
list of the kings and queens of Eng- 
land from William the Conqueror 
down, in verse, closing with the loyal 
couplet : 

"God save Queen Anne, her foes 

destroy, 
And all that do her realm annoy." 

After these succeed a chronology 
of memorable events in America, 
commencing with the discoveries of 
Cabot, and ending with the Peace of 
Ryswick; then comes a lengthy, and 
probably for those days, a learned 
disquisition on different herbs and 
their uses, a list of the courts and 
fairs of the colonies, and the times 
at which they were holden, conclud- 
ing with a description of the various 
roads and highways in the colonies. 
This last is perhaps the most curious 
and interesting part of the almanac. 
It most vividly recalls the customs of 
those ancient times. The different 
stopping places on the great wagon 
roads, with the distance between each 
are given, from Boston to New York, 
from New York to Philadelphia, and 
from Philadelphia to Jamestown. 
Virginia. West Greenwich was one 
of the stopping places between Bos- 
ton and New York, where the reader 
will remember is Horseneck. the 
scene of General Putnam's escape 
from the British dragoons in the 
Revolution. The highway ended at 
Jamestown, the first English settle- 
ment, then a straggling little village 
that never had recovered from 
Bacon's burning some thirty-five 
years previously. Willamsburg. the 
capital of Virginia, was on the road, 



56 



. \n Old- Time ltdic 



and the most influential city south of 
Philadelphia. Richmond had not 
then been thoughl of. It was not 
founded Eor more than thirty years 
afterwards, and did not become the 
state capital till 1779, at which time 
ii was <nily a small village, no larger 
than Concord, X. II.. itself was then. 
Boston, even, had only about three 
thousand inhabitants, and Salem was 
the greal mercantile center and the 
wealthiest town in the colonies. 

Perhaps the most noticeable thing 
after all to be seen in looking over 
this quaint publication is the almost 
total absence of advertisements, there 
being bul one in it. This is a strange 
contrast to modern publications, 
which make advertisements a great 
feature of their trade. The adver- 
tisement referred to is that of a cer- 
tain William Hopkinton, who, "at 
the corner of King and Charles 
streets in Boston, kallanders and 
presses all sorts of cloth, camblets, 
and does a variety of other useful 
things." What a contrast to the 
business of the Boston of today! 

1710! That was the "Augustan 
age" of English literature and Eng- 
lish glory. The "good Queen Anne" 
then sat on the throne, and Mrs. 
Masham, the daughter of a London 
merchant, was first lady of the court. 
Addison, Swift, Locke. Pope, Gay, 
Steele, Newton and DeFoe were then 
in their prime, and the Spectator and 
Tattler were filling places long since 
usurped by the more useful news- 
papers and magazines of today. 
Great Marlborough was in the midst 
of his glories, and only the year be- 
fore had w r on one of his most splen- 
did victories over the French at the 
battle of Malplaquet. Far away on 
the tropic shores of the Tyrrhenian 
Sea. Herculaneum and Pompeii still 
slumbered beneath their canopy of 
lava and ashes, and it was not till 
three years later that they were dis- 
covered where they had lain hidden 
for nearly seventeen hundred years. 
On a lone island in the distant Pa- 



cific, Alexander Selkirk was undergo- 
ing those romantic adventures which, 
nine years afterwards, DeFoe embod- 
ied in the Life and Adventures of 
Robinson Crusoe. Peter the Great 
of Russia and Charles XII of 
Sweden, rivals for fame as they were 
rivals for power, were still arrayed 
against the other, although the bat- 
tle of Pultowa had been lost and won 
the year before. In Hindustan the 
English East India Company had but 
lately obtained the famous firman or 
grant, which laid the foundation of 
their power in that country, and ul- 
timately brought under the rule of 
the English government the richest 
and noblest of all its provinces — a 
realm which has but lately added an 
imperial name to the other titles of 
the British sovereign. 

In 1710, where now the mightiest 
nation in all the world stretches three 
thousand miles from ocean to ocean, 
twelve little colonies struggled for ex- 
istence along the Atlantic coast. 
Georgia, the youngest and least im- 
portant of the thirteen colonies dur- 
ing the Revolutionary conflict, was 
not founded by the generous Ogle- 
thorpe until twenty years later. 
The powerful Indian confederacy of 
the Five Nations held the largest part 
of New York state. Lord Fairfax 
owned a third part of what is now 
Virginia. Yemasses and Tuscaroras 
clamored for superiority in the Caro- 
linas, and the French power hung 
like a black pall North and West, 
holding command of the St. Law- 
rence, the Great Lakes and the Mis- 
sissippi and all their tributaries, and 
already contemplated the building of 
New Orleans, which rose into being 
in 1719. 

New Hampshire was then a little 
province lying on the extreme verge 
of civilization, exposed to Indian at- 
tacks and French forays from the 
north. The only settlements of any 
account were Portsmouth, Dover, Ex- 
eter and Hampton. Along the Mer- 
rimack and the Cocheeo were seat- 



An Old- Time Relic 



•)i 



tered the log ' cabins of daring 
pioneers who were pushing boldly 
into the wilderness. Joseph Dudley 
was her majesty's governor of Mas- 
sachusetts and New Hampshire, but 
the acting chief magistrate was 
Lieut.-Gov. John Usher. Usher 
was a Boston merchant, but 
probably at this time was a New 
Hampshire resident. His adminis- 
tration was rather unpopular, his 
manners were haughty, and the In- 
dians made a good deal of trouble. 
It was that very year that Col. 
Winthrop Hilton of Exeter was 
killed by the savages. Two years af- 
terwards the Peace of Utrecht 
brought Queen Anne 's war to an end, 
and there was rest for a few years 
from Indian hostilities. 

Two hundred years! In that span 
of time consider what has been ac- 
complished in the material world. 
Man was living about as he had been 
living for three or four thousand 
years. In that year of grace there 
were no means of communication 
any speedier than there were in use 
in the days of King Solomon and the 
Caesars. No telegraph then flashed 
the news across the continent in a 
single second; the railroad and the 
ocean steamer had not been dreamed 
of, and even the theory of the circula- 
tion of the blood was yet a new idea. 
The system of military tactics was in 
its infancy. Marlborough and Peter 
the Great won their victories with ar- 
tillery and small arms that would ex- 
cite the derision of a schoolboy of to- 
day. Science had made few inven- 



tions for the comfort and utility- of 
mankind. Life was rude and more 
or less brutal. Men were being per- 
secuted for their religious belief, and 
women were whipped at the cart-end 
for being considered witches. 
There were no stoves, and the house- 
wife of that day did all her baking 
and boiling in the big fireplace in the 
chimney. In every homestead there 
were cards and a great wheel for 
spinning the wool of sheep into yarn. 
and also a little wheel with its reel 
and swifts for linen, while in every 
kitchen was a dye tub in which the 
linen and the woolen cloth were col- 
ored. Money was scarce, and nearly 
everything was obtained by barter. 
The money in use was of English and 
Spanish coining. 

The Indians still had villages 
around Lake Winnepesaukee and the 
Androscroggin and the Saco, and 
only wandering white hunters had 
visited the northern part of the state. 
There were probably not half a dozen 
wheeled carriages in New Hampshire 
at that time, travel being done en- 
tirely on foot or on horseback. A 
few little coasting vessels, manned 
only by a "captain" and an appren- 
tice boy. traded between Portsmouth, 
Salem and Boston, and sometimes 
went as far as New Amsterdam. 
But there is no need of further com- 
ment. The changes, indeed, have 
been so great since that year of grace 
1710. that our text and subject, the 
little old almanac, is almost forgot- 
ten in the contemplation of events 
which have happened since it first 
saw the light. 



sftlhioff's V&H@saftiiini< 



By Era Beede Odell 



' 1 low provoking thai it should 
rain tonight !" said my pretty friend. 
.Madge, gazing dolefully from the 
window at the dreary aspect, as the 
early twilight came hurrying down 
upon the city. 

'Yes," I responded. "Of course 
it is out of the question to think of 
going, and Alice will not expect us: 
but 'What can't be cured must be 
endured,' I suppose." 

'You're always such an old philo- 
sopher. Gertrude; but I know you are 
just as much disappointed as I am ! 
To think that it should rain this night 
of all nights in vacation! Of 
course, it isn't Alice so much that we 
care for — we can see her every day 
when we get back to school — but her 
cousin, Harry Shirley, from Yale, is 
to be here tonight, and Alice has 
talked so much about him, that I am 
just dying to see him." 

Madge was my room-mate at Miss 
Norton's Young Ladies' Seminary, 
and. her home being in the far West, 
she was spending the short vacation 
with me. 

When this conversation occurred 
we were up in Grandma's room. 
How fond and proud I was of her! 
My stately grandmother, with her 
beautiful white curls, and stylish lit- 
tle caps; for although she was eighty 
years old. she was quite sprightly, 
and would never wear wnat she con- 
sidered an old woman's cap or bon- 
net. 

Turning around and seeing the 
dear old lady sitting by the fire, I ex- 
claimed. "(). grandma! you'll never 
have a better time to tell us the story 
of your little trunk, and we are so 
disappointed because we can't go out 
to Alice's that we really need some- 
thing tO console us." 

This little wooden box had always 



been an object of great curiosity to 
me. It was about a foot and a half 
long, and made in imitation of an 
old-fashioned trunk. It was painted 
cream color, and beautifully dec- 
orated with little fern-like designs in 
red, green and gilt. 

It was always locked; but once, 
when grandma was looking for an old 
letter, I had a glimpse of the con- 
tents, and saw that it was filled with 
mysterious looking blue aud yellow 
papers. When grandma went up to 
Uncle John's to spend a few weeks in 
the summer, at the old place, she al- 
ways took the little trunk, and when 
she came back to us for the winter, 
the little trunk came too. 

"Well, dears," she began, "you 
know my mother died when I was a 
very little girl. I just remember be- 
ing lifted up to see her in the long- 
black coffin. They told me she was 
going aw T ay forever, and I cried to go 
too. Then they sent me over to Aunt 
Woodman's to stay a spell, and after 
a while father married again, but 
aunt, who was mother's sister, did 
not want to give me up, for she said, 
'A mother is a mother all the days of 
her life, and a father is a father un- 
til he gets a new wife.' My father 
was willing for me to stay, so Aunt 
Woodman brought me up, and I 
learned to spin and weave, to wash, 
iron and cook. 

"I didn't have much of a chance 
for schooling, but I read all I could, 
and Brother John, the one that went 
to sea you know, used to give me 
books. That old book on the stand 
there, 'The Principles of Politeness.' 
was one of his last presents to me. He 
gave me gold beads and pretty combs 
for my hair, too, and the last time he 
went away, he said he was coming 
back" soon to open a store in the city, 



Crrandmothers I "alentine 



59 



and then he would make a fine lady of 
me. 

"How I longed for the time to 
come, because I loved Brother John 
better than anybody else in the world, 
but about the time he was expected 
home, my father dreamed one night 
that the pirates captured the ship, 
and he woke up with the report of a 
gun ringing in his ears. 

'"As we never got any tidings of 
poor Brother John, father always be- 
lieved he was shot by the pirates the 
night he had the dream. I couldn't 
give up all hope, though, and kept 
looking for him for years and years. ' ' 

"But what about the little 
trunk?" said I, as grandma stopped 
to wipe away the tears, for I had 
heard the story of her brother John 
many times before. 

' ' Yes, yes, dear, I 'm coming to it ; 
only be patient. Well, Uncle Wood- 
man," she continued, "had a brother 
living at the Bridge, old Squire 
Woodman. He had a handsome 
daughter, Ruth, and a gay, reckless 
son named Joe ; then there was a 
quiet, plain boy named Seth, and Un- 
cle and Aunt Woodman had always 
picked out Seth for me. 

"All that Joe and Ruth eared for 
was to dress up and go to balls and 
parties, but the old squire was very 
generous with them. They said 
Ruth was so handsome, and had such 
a taking way with her. that she could 
get almost anything out of the old 
gentleman. She would follow him 
into the field and he would give her 
fifty dollars for a new gown almost 
any time. Seth staid at home and 
worked, but when he was one and 
twenty, his father made over to him a 
nice farm that he had up in Maple- 
wood. ' ' 

"Why. that's where Uncle John 
lives." I interrupted. 

"Yes. child, that is the old place." 
said she. "I've seen many a happy 
clay there and some sad ones, too! 
But to return to my story, about this 
time a young fellow, by the name of 



Daniel Judson, came to the Bridge. 
He was a cabinet maker by trade and 
worked in old Deacon Hildreth's 
shop. I got acquainted with him at 
singing school, where I used to go 
with Jacob ('inlet-hill — a boy that un- 
cle's folks brought up, — they hadn't 
any children of their own. Jacob al- 
ways wanted to see Lucy Hapgood 
home from the singing-school, so Dan- 
iel walked along with me, and some- 
times Ave stood at the door in the 
snow and talked until my feet were 
nearly frozen. I didn't dare to stay 
around down stairs to warm myself, 
so I used to get into bed and put my 
feet into an old big muff that was 
mother's. Jacob kept my secret and 
I kept his, for aunt always objected 
to Lucy, though she was a clear, good 
girl, because her father was so shift- 
less, but Jacob never loved anybody 
else, and she made him a good wife. 
For more than twenty years the grass 
has been growing on their graves," 
said grandma, with a sigh. 

"But what about Daniel? I want 
to hear more about him ! ' ' exclaimed 
Madge. 

"I'm continually wandering from 
my story!" sighed the dear old lady. 
"Well." she resumed, "one night 
when Daniel came home with me, the 
last night he ever came, poor fellow, 
he carried a large package under his 
arm, and at the door he said 'Here's 
a little trunk I've made for you to 
lock up your love letters in, Hetty. 
You will find my sentiments inside. 
It's St. Valentine's Eve, you know.' 
After thanking him and saying good- 
night. I crept softly up-stairs to look 
at my valentine. I had never re- 
ceived one before. It was a dainty 
little thing, with a tiny verse on it. 
telling that one true heart was beat- 
ing for me. that no other its love 
should be. I hid the box under the 
bed, and dreamed all night about my 
valentine. The next day I stole up 
to my room to peep at the little verse 
again, and was so absorbed in reading 
it over and over that I did not notice 



60 



Grandmother** I 'alt'iitim- 



that aunt had come ID softlj and was 

looking over my shoulder. 

" ' Mehetable Bradshaw,' said she 
TIi.mi she Bnatched it from my band, 

• wliii's all this nonsense from '.' 
walked down stairs and threw it into 
the kitchen fireplace. She made me 
tell her the whole thing, but she' 
wouldn't hear to my keeping com- 
pany with a transient fellow, as she 
called him, and broke it all up. 

"Daniel felt so badly thai be went 
away, but he wanted me to keep the 
little trunk and remember him al- 
ways. 

'Within a year I was married to 
your grandfather, Gertrude, and 
there never was a better man than 
Seth Woodman. Everybody said his 
word was as good as his note. I told 



him all about, the little trunk, of 
course, but neither of us ever heard 
anything more of Daniel Judson. 

" For nearly fifty years your 
grandfather and I lived together, a 
quiet life, and it is just ten years ago 
today thai we laid him at rest under 
the evergreens in the old burying 
ground," said grandma, with a far- 
away look in her eyes, as she sat 
gazing into the open grate. 

Feeling that she would like to be 
left alone for a while, Madge and I 
stole softly out to welcome papa, 
whose voice we heard in the hall be- 
low, having concluded that probably 
' ' Whatever is — is right. ' ' At any 
rate we would not make ourselves 
and the rest of the family miserable 
by fretting about the stormy even- 
ing. 



Left Us S© Law 



By L. II. J. Frost 



Let us so live that when at last 
The joys and griefs of life are past. 
The restless longing of the soul 
To reach some long desired goal. 
The weary aching of the heart 
As w r e see dear loved friends depart. 
That we can smile and clasp the hand 
Outstretched to guide us to the land 
To which there conies no pain or death. 
Or chilling winds with blighting breath. 
No withered hopes, no haunting fears, 
No breaking hearts, no blinding tears; 
But gladly greet the angel mild 
Our Father sends to lead his child 
Up from the world of toil and sin 
To evermore abide with Him. 



*w M^mpgShiair® Mecff©H®g> 



GEORGE F. FABYAN. 

George F. Fabyan, born in Somers- 
worth, N. H., June 26, 1837, died in 
Brookline, Mass., January 18, 1907. 

He was the son of Dr. George and Abi- 
gail J. (Cutts) Fabyan, who removed 
from Somersworth to Gorhain, Me., when 
he was about a year old, where his boy- 
hood was spent on a farm. He was edu- 
cated at Gorham and Phillips Andover 
academies, but at the age of seventeen 
left school and turned his attention to 
business life in Boston, being first given 
employment in the dry goods store of Dea. 
Geo. W. Chipman, corner of Hanover and 
Blackstone streets. Later he engaged 
with James M. Beebe & Co., wholesale 
dealers on Kilby Street, with whom he re- 
mained twelve years, and then engaged 
with A. T. Stewart & Co. of New York as 
their buyer of New England cotton. Sub- 
sequently, he engaged independently in 
the commission business at 140 Devon- 
shire Street. After a time he became a 
member of the firm of Wright, Bliss & 
Fabyan, Cornelius N. Bliss, now of New 
York, who had been a fellow employe with 
him for the Beebe firm, being the second 
member of this firm, which became later 
that of Bliss, Fabyan & Co., which was 
burned out in the great fire of 1872, but 
later established in the fine building at 
100 Summer Street, corner of Devonshire, 
where it has since continued, becoming the 
strongest firm in its line in the country, 
with branches in New York, Philadelphia 
and Chicago, and handling the output of 
the mills at Lewiston, Biddeford, Fall 
River and other places. Aside from the 
distribution of cotton on commission, the 
firm has large investments in mill prop- 
erties, and Mr. Fabyan was treasurer and 
director of many great manufacturing cor- 
porations. 

Mr. Fabyan married, in 1864, Isabelle 
Littlefield of Roxbury. They had five 
children, three sons and two daughters, 
all surviving. Two sons are members of 
the firm, while the third, Dr. Marshall 
Fabyan, is a professor in the Johns Hop- 
kins Hospital at Baltimore, Md. Mr. 
Fabyan was a great lover of fine horses, 
and had owned many spirited animals, in- 
cluding Jean Valjean, 2.15. He was also 
greatly interested in horticulture, and was 
a trustee of the Massachusetts Horticul- 
tural Society. In memory of his father, 
he endowed the chair of Comparative 
Pathology in the Harvard Medical Col- 
lege. 



PROF. CLARA E. CUMMINGS. 

Miss Clara Eaton Cummings, professor 
of cryptogamic botany in Wellesley Col- 
lege, died at the Margaret Pillsbury Hos- 
pital in Concord, N. H., after an illness 
of several months, December 28, 1906. 

She was a native of the town of Ply- 
mouth, a daughter of Noah Connor and 
Elmira (George) Cummings, born July 13, 
1855. She was a brilliant scholar and 
graduated from the State Normal School 
at the age of seventeen, in the class 
of 1872. Entering Wellesley College 
as a student in 1876, the year after 
the opening of the institution, she at 
once showed so marked a talent for the 
study of botany, especially for the identi- 
fication of cryptogamic flora, that she was 
retained as a permanent member of that 
department of study, bearing the title of 
curator of the museum, 1878-79 ; in- 
structor in botany, 1879-'86. After a 
period of study in Zurich, Miss Cummings 
returned to the college as associate pro- 
fessor of cryptogamic botany. In 1905 
she became Hunnewell professor of bot- 
any, with temporary charge of the de- 
partment. In 1906 her title was changed to 
that of Hunnewell professor of crypto- 
gamic botany, in recognition of the closely 
specialized work in which she had 
reached distinction, and with the hope 
that freed from the burden of administra- 
tive cares she would gain strength for 
new enterprises in her chosen field. Her 
health, however, proved to be seriously 
impaired. 

Among the published works of Profes- 
sor Cummings are "Lichens of Alaska 
and Labrador"; she also edited "Decades 
of North American Lichens," and was as- 
sociate editor of Plant World. She was 
fellow of the American Association for 
the Advancement of Science; a member 
of the Society of Plant Morphology and 
Physiology (vice-president in 1904), of 
the Mycological Society, Torrey Botanical 
Club, Boston Society of Natural History 
and Boston Mycological Club. 

Her life was characterized by a passion- 
ate love of nature in all its higher forms 
and she enjoyed the same in the fullest 
degree at her summer home in North 
Woodstock. 

EVERETT B. HUSE. 

Everett B. Huse, born in Enfield, No- 
vember 2, 1837, died in that town, Jan- 
uary 30, 1906. 

He was a son of William and Sarah 



62 



New Hampshirt Necrology 



(Verbach) Huse, and came of Revolution- 
ary ancestry. He was educated in the 
public schools and Kimball Union Acad- 
emy, and served in the Fifteenth N. H. 
Volunteers in the Civil War. He was a 
member of the Constitutional Convention 
of L876, a census enumerator in 1S80, and 
state supervisor of the census in is9u. 
lie was a member and past commander 
of Admiral Farragul Post. G. A. R.. of En- 
field; was departmenl commander in 1891 
and president of the N. H. Veterans' Asso 
ciation in 1895. He had also served as 
town clerk of Enfield and as a member 
of the school board. He was a member 
and past master of Social Lodge, F. and 
A. M.. of Enfield, and a member of the 
X. H. Society. Sons of the American 
Revolution. December 6, 1861, he mar- 
ried Cassie F. Day of Enfield. He is sur- 
vived by two children, Charles E. Huse 
of Mason City. 111., and Stella M. of En- 
field, and one brother, Will Hnse, of 
Mason City, 111., his wife having died 
September, 29, 1892. 

SAMUEL B. RANDALL. 

Samuel B. Randall, born in Salmon 
Falls, N. H., April 14, 1824, died at Dor- 
chester, Mass., January 5, 1907. 

Mr. Randall learned the profession of 
mechanical engineer at the Portsmouth 
navy yard and was later engaged at 
Taunton, Mass., where he helped build 
the first locomotive constructed at the 
Mason Machinery Works in that place. 
He served in the navy in the Civil War, 
upon the Monadnoek, under Rear Ad- 
miral Miller. He was the founder of the 
Hancock Inspirator Company. He left a 
widow, son and daughter. 

HON. ENOCH GERRISH. 

Enoch Gerrish, a well-known citizen 
of Boscawen and Concord, died at his 
home in the latter city, January 30, 1907. 

He was the only son of Isaac and Caro- 
line (Lawrence) Gerrish, born in Bos- 
cawen. July 28, 1822. At the death of 
his father, when about twenty years of 
age, he came into possession- of one of 
the finest farms in the county, which he 
cultivated for a number of years with 
success and which he sold, with its vast 
amount of timber, in 18G5, when he took 
up bis residence in Concord, where he 
took a prominent part in public affairs, 
serving as assessor, representative in the 
Legislature and as senator from District 
No. 10 in 1887. He had been for forty 
years a trustee of the New Hampshire 
Savings Bank and was a member of the 
investment committee. He was also a 
trustee of the Rolfe and Rumford Asylum. 



He was actively engaged in military 
affairs in early manhood and was colonel. 
of the Twenty-First Regiment of the state 
militia, lie was a member of the New 
Hampshire Society of the Sons of the 
American Revolution. In politics he 
was a Republican and in religion a Con- 
gregationalist, being an active member 
of the North Congregational Church. 

Ho married. May 23, 1854, Miranda O. 
Lawrence of Lee. They had two chil- 
dren, Frank Lawrence of Boscawen and 
Lizzie M., wife of E. W. Willard, now of 
Toledo, Ohio. 

MA.I. JOHN D. BARTLETT. 

John D. Bartlett, born in Epsom, N. H., 
January 5, 1830, died at Allston, Mass., 
January 17, 1907. 

Ho was active in raising recruits for 
the Union Army in the Civil War, and 
served as major in the First Vermont 
Cavalry during the great struggle. Af- 
terward he was engaged for a number of 
years in the hay and grain commission 
business in Boston, retiring about eight 
years ago. He was married September 
19, 1852. to Susan E. Wilder of Leo- 
minster, Mass., who survives him, as do 
also two sons, Sidney H. Bartlett of Alls- 
ton and George H. Bartlett of Newton 
Centre. 

GEORGE WILLIAM GRAY. 

George William Gray, born in Dover, 
October 28, 1879, died at Groveton, Jan- 
uary 10, 1907. 

He was the son of George W. and Ida 
Gray, and was educated in the public 
schools, at the state college in Durham 
and Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y., gradu- 
ating from the latter at the head of his 
class in 1904. In that and the follow- 
ing years he was employed as instructor 
in Greek and Latin in the Holderness 
Episcopal School for Boys, and last Sep- 
tember accepted a similar position at 
Cheshire, Conn. 

ELLEN BURPEE FARR. 

Ellen Burpee, daughter of Augustus 
Burpee of New Hampton, and widow of 
the late Maj. Evarts W. Farr of Little- 
ton, lawyer, soldier and congressman, 
born November 14, 1840, died at Naples, 
Italy, January 5, 1907. 

After the death of her husband, to 
whom she was married May 19. 1861, 
Mrs. Farr, who was the possessor of a 
high degree of artistic talent, devoted her- 
self to study and work in that line, and 
for a dozen years past, or more, had been 
a resident of Pasadena, Cal., where she 
attained distinction as an artist, and was 



New Hampshire Necrology 



• ;:; 



prominent in social and club life, and 
held an active membership in several 
women's organizations. She had been a 
member of the Order of the Eastern Star 
for forty-four years, and was a member 
of Pasadena Chapter. Daughters of The 
American Revolution. She was an active 
worker in the Shakespeare Club of Pasa- 
dena, and designed its artistic club house. 
Sbe was also founder of the Young 
Women's Business League of Pasadena. 
She is survived by one daughter, Ida Farr 
Miller of Wakefield, Mass., a noted club 
woman of that state. 

EDWIN H. LORD. 

Edwin H. Lord, principal of Brewster 
Free Academy at Wolfeborough, died at 
Portland, Me., January 24, 1907. 

He was born in Springfield, Me., June 
1, 1850, the son of Samuel and Sophia 
Highe Lord, his paternal ancestry run- 
ning back to the Lord family of South 
Berwick, Me. He attended the common 
schools of Springvale and the South Ber- 
wick Academy for two terms, then going 
to New Hampton Academy for three 
terms. He was graduated from Bowdoin 
College in 1871 with the degree of A. 
B., and took the A. M. degree from Har- 
vard in 1881. 

He was principal of the Richmond 
(Me.) High School from 1871 to 1873, 
and then, until 1880 he was teacher of 
science in the Lowell (Mass.) High 
School. From 1880 until 1884, he was 
principal of the Lawrence (Mass.) High 
School, and, from 1S82 to 188G, treasurer 
and manager of the Edison Electric Il- 
luminating Company of Lawrence. He 
had been principal of Brewster Free 
Academy since 18S7, and for almost the 
entire time since had been chairman of 
the Wolfeborough school board. 

Mr. Lord was a pioneer in the field of 
applied electricity. Under his direction 
Lawrence was the first city in the world 
to have its streets lighted by electricity. 

He was an officer in the society known 
as the "Sons of Nathan Lord," a Free 
Mason, an Odd Fellow and Patron of Hus- 
bandry. In politics he was a Republican 
and in religion a Unitarian. 



Mr. Lord was married in July, 1873, 
his wife being Addie M. Decker of 
Brunswick, Mr., who died in October of 
the same year. In 1877 he married Julia 
Swift Bennett of Lowell, Mass. He is 
survived by three children, W. Swift Lord 
of Portsmouth, Mrs. Edward R. Cate of 
Boonton, N. J., and Miss Mary B. Lord, 
a senior in Vassar College. 

ELIZA NELSON BLAIR. 

Eliza A. Nelson, wife of Hon. Henry W. 
Blair, seventh of ten children of Rev. 
William Nelson, a retired Methodist 
clergyman, born in Plymouth in 1836, 
died at Washington, D. C, January 2, 
1907. 

She was educated in the Plymouth 
schools and at Newbury (Vt.) Conference 
Seminary, and married Mr. Blair, then a 
young lawyer, December 20, 1859. 

She was prominent in the social and 
intellectual life of New Hampshire and 
of the national capital for many years, 
and deeply interested in literature and 
sociology. She had been president of 
New Hampshire Daughters and of the 
New Hampshire Federation of Women's 
Clubs, and was an author of note and a 
public speaker of ability. 

HON. ZENAS C. ROBBINS. 

Zenas C. Robbins, the oldest patent 
lawyer in the country, died at his home 
in Washington, D. C, January 30, 1907. 

He was born in the town of Grafton in 
this state, October 18, 1810. He studied 
law and located in Washington in 1844, 
devoting his attention to patent law prac- 
tice Among his early clients was Abra- 
ham Lincoln, then a member of Congress 
from Illinois, for whom he secured a 
patent. 

Mr. Robbins was register of wills dur- 
ing the administrations of Presidents Lin- 
coln and Johnson and during the same 
period was president of the board of 
police commissioners of the District. He 
retired from active business in 1870. 

He was a member of the Society of the 
Sons of the American Revolution. His 
widow and one son. Dr. Henry A. Rob- 
bins, survive him. 



Editor &sndl PusMAart Kf®te^ 



By far the most interesting and 
valuable contribution to the histori- 
cal ;iii(l biographical literature of the 
state thai has made its appearance in 
mam years is the handsome octavo 
volume of 558 pages, entitled "His- 
tory of the Nev Hampshire Surgeons 
in the War of Rebellion," l»\ Gran- 
ville IV Conn. A. M., M. I).' This 
work, from the press o\' [ra C. Evans 
Company, published by order of the 
New Hampshire Association o[' Mili- 
tary Surgeons, sketches the lives and 
work of several hundred natives or 
residents of the old Granite State, 
who served as surgeons in the Union 
army during the Civil War, or who. 
having served as enlisted men in the 
ranks during the contest, afterward 
entered the medical profession. It 
will be surprising, indeed, to the 
average reader perusing this inter- 
esting volume, appearing more than 
forty years after the close of the war. 
to note what a large number of the 
most reputable and distinguished 
members of the profession were en- 
gaged in the service o[' their country 
and of humanity during that great 
struggle. 

Hon. Frank 0. Briggs, chosen ;is 
the successor of John P. Dryden in 
the United States Senate from the 
state of New Jersey, is a native of 
New Hampshire and a son of that 
distinguished lawyer, soldier ami 
statesman, the late Hon. James F. 
Briggs of Manchester, horn in 1851 
in the town of Hillsborough, where 
his father was then practising law. 
He is a graduate ^f Phillips Exeter 
and West Point Military academies: 
served five years in the army and has 
been since engaged in business at 
Trenton. He was treasurer of the 
state at the time of his election. It 
is to he noted that he is not the first 
New Hampshire man to represent 
New Jersey in tile Senate. lion. 
Rufus Blodgett, a native of Went- 
worth, served in the same capacity a 
few years since. 



The fifth edition of the elegantly 

illustrated and beautifully printed 
annual publication of the state board 
of agriculture, entitled "New Hamp- 
shire Farms for Summer Homes," 
has made its appearance and is gen- 
erally commended as the most at- 
tractive and interesting yet issued. 
This publication has been a potent 
factor in the great work which the 
hoard of agriculture, through its 
zealous and efficient secretary, has 
been carrying on in the rehabilitation 
of the rural sections of the state. 
wherein are already established the 
summer homes of hundreds of men 
and women of culture and refine- 
ment, wealth and influence, who have 
won success in various lines of effort 
in other parts of the country, hut 
who find health and inspiration for 
further effort in a summer sojourn 
amid the hills and valleys of New 
Hampshire. 

The "Candia Club," whose mem- 
bership is composed of residents or 
former residents of the town of Can- 
dia in this state, or their descend- 
ants, has instituted a novel and in- 
teresting plan this year in the observ- 
ance of '"New Home Week," that 
portion of the membership living in 
and around Boston, which is very 
considerable, uniting in an invitation 
to their friends and relatives in the 
old town, or elsewhere in the country. 
to visit them in their city homes and 
enjoy for a season the pleasures of 
winter life in the midst of the social 
and educational advantages there af- 
forded, the central feature of the 
week's festivities, as arranged for. 
consisting of a reunion and hanquet 
at the American House on the after- 
noon and evening of Fehruary 7. 
Undoubtedly, this arrangement will 
prove the inception of a general cus- 
tom, which will he second only in re- 
sulting advantage and pleasure to the 
""Old Home Week" institution estab- 
lished in our state through the initi- 
ative of ex-Governor Rollins. 



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The Granite Monthly 



Vol. XXXIX, No. 3 



MARCH, 190' 



New Series, Vol. 2, No. 3 



iw M^m\p§hh® aft Jamegtowmi 



By H. H. Metcalf 



On the shore and waters of Hamp- 
ton Roads, Virginia, from the 26th 
of April until the 30th of No- 
vember next, will be held the third 
of the really great historical exposi- 
tions, of broad, national interest tak- 
ing place in the United States of 
America. First in the list was that 
in celebration of the 100th anniver- 
sary of the Declaration of American 
Independence, at Philadelphia, in 
1876; second, the Columbian Expo- 
sition at Chicago, in 1893 (planned 
for 1892), marking the 400th anni- 
versary of the discovery of America 
by Columbus ; and this third, in com- 
memoration of the 300th anniversary 
of the first permanent English settle- 
ment in America, at Jamestown (near 
by), May 13, 1607. Other exposi- 
tions of note and importance have, of 
c6urse, been holclen, but none so 
thoroughly national in character as 
these, and no other of these, indeed 
appealing so directly and intensely 
to the patriotic spirit of the nation, 
as the so-called Jamestown Tercen- 
tennial, since this commemorates the 
actual beginning of our national de- 
velopment — the birth of American 
-civilization. 

It was in 1584 that Sir Walter 
Raleigh obtained a charter from the 
king of England for the colonization 
of Virginia, and between that date 
and 1606 three or four different expe- 
ditions were sent out for the purpose 



of effecting a settlement, all of which 
failed, after experiences of greater or 
less suffering and disappointment. 
Finally, early in December of the lat- 
ter year, a party was embarked on 
three vessels, which successfully 
braved the ocean's storms, and, after 
a long and weary voyage of nearly 
five months, sailed in between the Vir- 
ginia capes, which they named 
Charles and Henry, for the Prince 
of Wales and his brother, on the 26th 
of April, and on the morning follow- 
ing entered the splendid harbor, now 
known as Hampton Roads, and an- 
chored at a place which they named 
Point Comfort, which appellation it 
has borne to the present day. Later 
they proceeded up the James River, 
some thirty miles or more, and, on 
May 13 finally landed on a penin- 
sula jutting into the river, and here 
located their settlement, which was 
first called Fort James, later James 
City, and finally Jamestown. With 
the trials and sufferings of these pio- 
neer colonists during the first years 
of the settlement under the direction 
of the famous Capt. John Smith— 
their struggle with privation, disease, 
famine, and savage enemies, which 
decimated their ranks and well nigh 
drove them discouraged into the sea, 
the student of history is familiar. 

But for the arrival of occasional re- 
lief parties from England the settle- 
ment must have been abandoned ; but 







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New Hampshire at Jamestown 



69 



as it w;is. it held the ground and ulti- 
mately other settlements sprang up; 
and in June, 1619, twelve years after 
the first permanent landing was made, 
the General Assembly of Virginia, the 
first legislative body in America, was 
opened in the wooden church at 
Jamestown, and from that day to this, 
in one place or another, and in one 
form or another (the form without 



ilar extent of territory in tin- West- 
ern Hemisphere in this regard, not 
only in connection with the first set- 
tlement of the country, but with later 
and no less important epochs in our 
national development. At Cape Benry 
was the first landing place of the set- 
tlers, though they made no stay, being 
driven away by the savages. At Old 
Point Comfort, cow a fashionable 




John Langdon. Patriot and Statesman 



very much of the substance for a time 
it is true) representative government 
has existed in Virginia, though the 
capital was removed farther up the 
river to "Williamsburg in 1698, after 
the second destruction of Jamestown 
by fire, and ultimately still farther, 
to Richmond. 

The region about Hampton Roads 
is replete with points of national his- 
toric interest, far surpassing any sim- 



watering place, was their first harbor, 
and at Jamestown their final abode. 
Though the latter has been aban- 
doned for more than two centuries, 
and the peninsula is now an island in 
the James, the connecting neck of 
land having been washed away by the 
waters, it remains, like Plymouth 
Rock, the first landing place of the 
Massachusetts Pilgrims, who came 
nearly fourteen years later, a sacred 



70 



New J huii i >s h in at Jamestown 



shrine visited yearly by thousands of 
patriotic Americans, though nothing 
is left as a reminder <>!' the pioneer 
occupancy but the crumbling remains 
of an ancient church tower, left stand- 
ing by tin 1 last conflagration of more 
than two centuries ago. But ten miles 
across the Roads, from the exposition 
grounds, near Old Point Comfort, is 
Fortress Monroe, the strongest forti- 
fication on the Atlantic coast, and the 
government's leading artillery station. 
Not far from the grounds, across the 
Roads in another direction, is Hamp- 
ton, settled soon after Jamestown 
and the oldest continuous English set- 
1 lenient in the country At Newport 
News, originally called New Port 
Nuce, after Port Nuce in Wales, sit- 
uated at the mouth of the James, 
where it empties into the Roads, is the 
greatest shipbuilding plant in the 
country. A few miles up the Eliza-' 
beth River, an estuary of the Roads, 
is Norfolk, the principal Virginia sea- 
port, and the government's greatest 
coaling station. Here the exposition 
officers have had their headquarters, 
and the exposition visitors will largely 
be housed. Portsmouth, the seat of 
the Norfolk Navy Yard, is just be- 
yond. 

Some twenty-five miles to the north- 
west, at the mouth of the York River, 
and but a few miles across country 
from Jamestown, is Yorktown, whose 
siege and surrender marked the suc- 
cessful termination of the Revolution, 
which gave independence to the na- 
tion ; while scarcely farther, but a 
short distance above Jamestown, is 
Williamsburg, the second capital, and 
seat of the second oldest college in the 
country, which is a place of great his- 
toric interest, and particularly so to 
every patriotic son of New Hamp- 
shire, since in its ancient cemetery re- 
pose the ashes of Alexander Scam- 
mel of Durham. John Sullivan's 
heroic law-student, adjutant-general 
of the Continental Army, and Wash- 
ington's trusted aide, who was mor- 
tally wounded during the siege of 
Yorktown, died and was buried here. 



In this immediate region, and in the 
adjacent sections of Virginia, within 
a few hours' ride, were fought a 
large share of the battles of the Civil 
War, from 1861 to '65— Big Bethel 
to Appomattox — and the famous 
naval encounter between the Monitor 
and the Merrimac, the first fight be- 
tween ironclads in the world's history, 
occurred in Hampton Roads within 
easy sight of the grounds upon which 
the exposition is located. It is 
planned to reproduce this fight during 




Alexander Scammel 

the exposition, in view of the repre- 
sentative squadrons of the navies of 
the world, as they are gathered in 
friendly array upon invitation of the 
United States government, making in 
combination the greatest naval dis- 
play the world has ever seen, which 
will, of course, be in itself, one of the 
greatest attractions in connection 
with the exposition. 

While much has been said and writ- 
ten of the naval and military display 
to be made during the exposition, un- 
der the auspices of the general gov- 
ernment, sharp, but doubtless un- 
merited and unjust criticism having 



JSfew Hampshire at Jamestown 



been made in some quarters upon the 
spirit, purpose and tendency thereof, 
and while this feature may exert a 
leading influence in attracting many 
people to the exposition itself, it is not 
properly to be regarded as the domi- 
nant factor in the scope and purpose 
of the celebration itself. Nor should 
the industrial feature, prominent and 
important as it may be. with its fif- 
teen or twenty great buildings, filled 
with the finest products of human 
skill and genius, be so regarded. The 
great controlling feature of the cele- 
bration, animating and dominating 
the exposition in all its lines and de- 
partments, under both state and fed- 
eral supervision, is its historic and pa- 
triotic nature, and this fact should 
ever be uppermost in the minds of the 
people when estimating its value and 
merits. Such being the case, its su- 
periority to all former expositions, as 
a stimulus and inspiration to the na- 
tional mind and heart, must be fully 
recognized, and, this being recognized, 
the importance to the State of New 
Hampshire of active representation 
on the grounds, and official participa- 
tion in the exposition itself, becomes 
a settled conviction in the mind of 
every intelligent citizen of the state. 
And yet it so happens that New 
Hampshire — one of the original thir- 
teen — whose first settlement was made 
only sixteen years later than that of 
Mrginia at Jamestown, whose growth 
and development was practically con- 
temporaneous with that of Virginia 
and Massachusetts, whose sons were in 
the forefront of battle in almost every 
conflict of the Revolution, from Bun- 
ker Hill to Yorktown, was the very 
last to make arrangements for repre- 
sentation, and there was ground for 
fear, for a time at least, that it might 
go unrepresented. No steps had been 
taken, until late last autumn, even to 
arouse in the public mind a sense of 
the importance of some movement in 
that direction, when, finally, the Com- 
mercial Club of Concord took formal 
action, adopting resolutions expres- 



sive of the sentiment of its members 
that immediate action should be taken 
to bring New Hampshire into line 
with other states in recognizing the 
importance and value of this great 
exposition and the eminent propriety 
of active cooperation therein. A com- 
mittee was appointed to further the 
work, the newspaper press was urged 
into the service, the exposition author- 
ities at Norfolk were communicated 
with and took ah active hand in the 
work, Secretary Shepperd visiting 
Concord immediately after the open- 
ing of the present legislative session, 
and President Tucker a few days 
later, actively enlisting the interest of 
the governor and leading members of 
the Legislature, so that a bill was soon 
prepared, introduced in the House, 
approved successively by the National 
Affairs and Appropriations commit- 
tees, unanimously passed and sent up 
to the Senate, still more promptly 
passed by that body and immediately 
approved by the governor, author- 
izing the governor and council to 
make proper arrangements, in their 
discretion, for the representation of 
New Hampshire at the Jamestown ex- 
position, and appropriating $10,000 
to meet the expenses of such repre- 
sentation. 

This measure became a law on the 
19th of February. A few days 
later the governor and council, ac- 
companied by the secretary of state, 
went to Virginia, met the exposition 
authorities on the grounds, made a 
comprehensive investigation of the 
situation, and were fortunate enough 
to secure one of the most eligible sites 
on the grounds as a location for a 
New Hampshire building. It is near 
the Vermont, Rhode . Island, Connec- 
ticut and New York headquarters, 
with an attractive little park in front, 
and commands a splendid marine 
view, including the precise point in 
the Roads where occurred the great 
battle between the Monitor and the 
M< rrimac. 

The next question confronting the 



-■2 



New Hampshire at Jamestown 



governor and council was thai of an 
appropriate model for ;i headquarters 
building, bu1 this was promptly set- 
tled. ;iik1 in a manner mosl satisfac- 
tory to .-ill New Hampshire people in- 
terested in the subject. < H.her states, 
\ei-y generally, bad appropriately 
copied buildings of historic interest, 



Revolutionary movement, came at 
once into the mind's eye, as admir- 
ably adapted for the purpose. It was 
promptly determined to reproduce the 
Langdon house for the New Hamp- 
shire building on the exposition 
grounds. This fine old mansion was 
erected by John Langdon in 1784, and 




judge Woodbury Langdon 



and the same course was pursued for 
New Hampshire. It was decided to 
reproduce for the purpose one of the 
historic homes of the state. Attention 
was naturally directed to Portsmouth, 
the early capital, with its many fa- 
mous mansions and historic associa- 
tions, and the home of John Langdon, 
one of the great civil leaders in the 



remains today substantially as then 
finished — one of the finest pieces of 
old-time architecture in the state. It 
is located on Pleasant Street, opposite 
the Universalist Church, and is an 
object both of local pride and public 
interest. Writing of this house, Fred 
Myron Colby, in the Granite 
Monthly for December, 1879, in one 



New Hampshire at Jamestown 



73 



of his series of articles upon the his- 
toric homes of the state, says: "In 
the presence of the Langdon house 
you seem to stand before John Lang- 
don. The lofty front, the ample 
halls, the grand salon, are indicative 
of the man who was New Hampshire's 
greatest patriot in the Revolution. 
The man was great, august. The 
house is like him. No mansion in 
America, save the Stratford House, 
alone, is so commanding in its con- 
struction ; no house save Mt. Vernon, 
so august in its memories as this one. ' ' 
Many an illustrious guest has been 
entertained in this historic home. 
Washington, Lafayette, Hancock, 
Knox. Louis Philippe of France, and 
others of world-wide note enjoyed the 
hospitality of its illustrious master. 
In the selection of this house for 
this purpose, the memory of one of 
New Hampshire's worthiest sons and 
most distinguished patriots is fit- 
tingly honored. John Langdon was a 
native of Portsmouth, born June 25, 
1741. educated in the public schools 
of the town, and extensively engaged 
in commercial and mercantile pur- 
suits, becoming a man of wealth and 
influence in the community. He 
early espoused the patriot cause, and 
was active in urging resistance to 
British tyranny. He was largely in- 
strumental in planning and carrying 
out the assault upon Fort William 
and Mary, in which John Sullivan 
was an active leader, which resulted 
in the capture of the powder which 
New Hampshire soldiers used with 
such fatal effect at Bunker Hill in 
June following, this assault and cap- 
ture being recognized as the first overt 
act of the Revolution. He w r as a dele- 
gate, with Josiah Bartlett, in the Con- 
tinental Congress in Philadelphia in 
1775. and was made the Continental 
navy agent. At his shipyard was 
built the famous Banger, subse- 
quently commanded by John Paul 
Jones. From his own means, largely, 
he defrayed the expense of fitting out 
the Bennington expedition, com- 
manded bv Gen. John Stark, whose 



brilliant success paved the way for 
Burgoyne's defeat, and brought hope- 
ful promise of ultimate triumph for 
the patriot cause. In 1786 he was 
again a member of the Continental 
Congress, having meanwhile served 
extensively in the Legislature of the 
state, and as speaker of the House of 
Representatives. In 1787 he was a 
delegate to the convention which 
framed the Constitution of the L^nited 
States, and was prominent in its pro- 
ceedings. In the following year he 
became governor of New Hampshire, 
serving until March 4. 1789. when he 
took his seat in the United States Sen- 
ate first organized under the Consti- 
tution, and became the first president 
pro tern of that body, serving when 
the votes for president and vice-presi- 
dent were counted, and being, in fact, 
the first legal head of the government 
under the Constitution. In 1805 he 
was again elected governor of the 
state, successively reelected till 1809. 
and subsequently for still two more 
terms. In 1811 he was offered by 
President Jefferson the office of secre- 
tary of the navy, but declined the 
honor as he did a year later the Demo- 
cratic nomination for vice-president 
of the United States. He died in his 
Portsmouth home. September 18, 
1819. 

In speaking of this historic house, 
and of its illustrious owner, it may 
properly be noted that another house, 
almost its exact counterpart, was built 
in Portsmouth in the same year as 
this bv Judge Woodbury Langdon, an 
elder brother of John, also eminent in 
the patriot cause and the early history 
of the state, on the site now occupied 
by the famous hostelry. "The Rock- 
ingham." This was burned, later, re- 
built in brick, and again burned, no 
part but the dining-room having been 
preserved, and this room later sub- 
stantially reproduced in the John 
Langdon house, by its present owner, 
Woodbury Langdon of New York, a 
ureat-grandson of the original Wood- 
bury Langdon. conspicuous in the 
business life of the metropolis, who 



74 



New Hampshire "I Jamestown 




Woodbury Langdon, 
Present Owner of the Langdon Mansion 



makes the mansion his summer home, 
while it is permanently occupied by 
Rev. Alfred Elwyn, his father-in-law, 
himself a great-grandson of John 
Langdon. 

The Langdon house has been in the 
hands of the family since its con- 
struction, except for a term of years 
when it was owned and occupied by 
the Rev. Charles Burroughs, long rec- 
tor of St. John's Church of Ports- 
mouth. It was left at John Lang- 
don's death to his daughter, Eliza, 
wife of Thomas Langdon Elwyn, sub- 
sequently becoming the property of 
their son, John Elwyn, who sold to 
Mr. Burroughs ; but for the last 
twenty years has been the property of 
Woodbury Langdon of New York, 
above mentioned, who takes just pride 
in maintaining the old family home, 
and who has generously and patriot- 



ically offered, at his own personal ex- 
pense, to reproduce in the copy on the 
exposition grounds, the leading fea- 
tures of the interior, which the lim- 
ited appropriation made by the state 
rendered impracticable for the gov- 
ernor and council. 

It is, indeed, subject for congratu- 
lation that New Hampshire is to be 
thus represented at this great historic 
exposition, and that the building in 
which the New Hampshire commis- 
sioner shall greet the host of visitors 
from all parts of the land, as he di- 
rects their attention to the scenic at- 
tractions of the old Granite State, 
shall be a reminder of her glorious 
history, and the active part which her 
sons performed in the clays that made 
a great nation of thirteen struggling 
colonies, including Virginia and New 
Hampshire. 




Tvlonadnock Mountain 



M®EHM>lini®dk 

By Iva H. Drew 

Monadnock, mount of rugged splendor, 
Towering o'er us in thy grandeur, 

Break the silence of the past. 
Let thy voice from storm-swept summit, 
Silvery brooks, and rocks of granite 

Speak to us, oh, mountain vast ! 

Did the Druids o'er thee dance 
In those days of dim romance, 

And the Fauns hold nightly revel? 
Did the lion have his lair 
Midst thy rocky cliffs somewhere ? 

Speak to us and break the spell. 

Did the bronzed and bold red men 
Chase the deer through yonder glen, 

Did their wigwams dot thy base? 
Do you miss their camp-fires' glow 
And their war dance weird and slow ? 

Speak to us of that dread race. 

Does the storm king make thee quake, 
Cause thy mighty sides to shake. 

Fill thy heart with direful woe? 
Do thy pines and maples wave 
Over many an ancient grave .' 

Speak, oh, mountain ! Is it so ? 



<•; Monadnocl- 

When the misty clouds dip low, 
Dallying with your crest of snow. 

Do you laugh or do you weep ? 
Or when sunset's radiant light 
Lends to you ;i halo bright 

Are you locked in dreamless sleep? 

Centuries have come and gone, 
But from nighi to dewy morn 

You have stood on silent guard. 
Do you not Peel tired and old. 
Standing there so stern and bold? 

Speak and tell us. dear old Pard. 

Oh, thou mountain, grim and vast ! 
Guardian of a sacred past, 

Tho' a thing of earth and rock. 
( rrant this only boon I crave, 
When they hollow out my grave 

Let me slumber at thy feet — Monadnoek. 



[y Prayer 

By Harry Lear i ft Perham 

Touched by Thy spirit with my soul on fire, 
This is my best, my holiest desire ; 
Create a heart so pure and true in me. 
That I may live in fellowship with Thee; 
Cause me to listen when the wild birds sing. 
And help me treasure. Lord, the word they bring ; 
Oh ! speak to me a message through the trees, 
Whisper sweet words and waft them on the breeze ; 
Give me a love for solitude and men. 
And what Thou givest help me give again ; 
Oh, let me wander where the fern fronds nod, 
And let me there commune with Thee, my God : 
Give me one friend for comfort in my need 
The loss of whom would cause my heart to bleed, 
A sharer of my ecstacies and woes, 
<>h, such a friend as mortal rarely knows. 
An angel of tlie Lord in human form. 
Of loving nature throughout peace and storm, 
With this my best ambition, in the end 
To prove well worthy of this noble friend — 
This is my prayer. 

Amen. 



i®me Accotraft ©f ©M IHampsIhiiiffc 

By Fred Myron Colby 



Any one looking at the map of 
England will see in the southern part 
of the island the large maritime 
eounty of Hampshire. It faces the 
English Channel, and its coast is in- 
dented by four bays known as South- 
ampton Water. Portsmouth Harbor, 
Langston Harbor and Chichester 
Harbor. The county is of an irreg- 
ular quadrilateral form, its greatest 
width from east to west being forty- 
one miles and its greatest breadth 
from north to south being forty-six 
miles. Its total area on the mainland 
comprises 938,764 acres, or nearly 
sixteen hundred square miles, — about 
one sixth of the size of the Granite 
State, or somewbat larger than the 
state of Rhode Island. 

Hampshire. Hants, or as it is 
sometimes called Southamptonshire. 
is situated between 50 degrees and 
34 minutes and 51 degrees and 22 
minutes, north latitude, and 43 min- 
utes and 1 degree and 54 minutes, 
west longitude, and is bounded by the 
following counties, namely: Wilt- 
shire and Dorsetshire on the west. 
Berkshire on the north, and Surrey 
and Sussex on the east. As the 
American New Hampshire has outly- 
ing islands — the Isles of Shoals. — so 
the English Old Hampshire has one 
— the Isle of Wight.— a picturesque 
and beautiful island that contains 93,- 
000 acres. The island lies about six 
miles south of the coast, separated 
therefrom by the waters of Spithead 
and the Solent. 

Among the Saxons the county was 
known as Hamtonshire ; in the 
Domesday Book it is called Hantes- 
shire. The capital of Hampshire is 
Winchester, sixty-two miles south- 
west of London. It is on the right 
bank of the river Itchin. -which is 



navigable to the sea as a canal. The 
cathedral, a striking old Norman- 
Gothic structure is one of the finest 
in England. Under the Danes and 
the early Norman kings, Winchester 
was the capital of England, and 
many of the old kings lie entombed in 
the cathedral. 

In its general aspect Hampshire 
presents a beautiful variety of gently 
rising hills and fruitful valleys, 
adorned with pleasant villages and 
stately parks and interspersed with 
extensive woodland. Two ranges of 
low chalk hills, known as the North 
and South Downs, enter the county 
from Surrey and Sussex respectively, 
and traverse it in a northwesterly di- 
rection into Wiltshire and Berkshire, 
forming in the northwestern corner of 
the county several picturesque emi- 
nences, from which fhie views can be 
obtained. The highest of these sum- 
mits in S.ddown Hill, Highclerc, a 
thousand feet above the sea level. 

The soil differs in different parts 
of the county. In some places it is 
of considerable depth, and produces 
good crops of all kinds, but a great 
part of it is so light as to be unfitted 
for the plow, and is used as sheep pas- 
ture. The total area of arable land 
is 706.927 acres, of which 247,958 
acres are under corn crops. 135,982 
acres under green crops, 112,813 
acres under rotation grasses. 181.141 
permanent pasture, and 22,967 acres 
fallow. The acreage under woods is 
87,229 acres. The principal grain 
crop is wheat, for which Hampshire 
enjoys a great celebrity. Barley 
and oats are also extensively grown. 
On account of the number of sheep 
pastured on the uplands a large 
breadth of turnips is grown. In the 
eastern part of the county a large 



s,,iue Account of Old Hampshirt 



iii-reage is devoted to hop raising: 
Most of the farms are Large, and the 
waste land has been mostly brought 
under tillage. Farming is princi- 
pally conducted on the best modern 
principles, but owing to the varieties 
of soil there is perhaps no count}' 
in England in which the rotation ob- 
served is more diversified, or the 
processes and methods more varied. 

The famous new forest of William 
the Conqueror lies in Hampshire, 
and the greater part of it still belongs 
to the crown. Beech and oak are the 
principal trees. The oaks, many of 
which are some hundreds of years old, 
do not grow to a great height, but 
shoot out strong, crooked branches 
which gives them a very picturesque 
appearance. The old forest is still 
frequented by deer, descendants of 
those very animals which the old Nor- 
man kings loved so well. Herds of 
small ponies similar to those of Shet- 
land and the Hebrides are also reared 
in the forest. 

The breeding and the fattening of 
swine has long been an important 
Hampshire industry. The original 
breed of pigs has been improved by 
crossing with Essex, Berkshire and 
Chinese hogs. In the vicinity of the 
forests the swine are fed on acorns 
and beechnuts, and the quality of the 
Hampshire bacon is considered of the 
best. There are over six hundred 
thousand sheep in the county, the 
larger part being of the Southdown 
breed, which has acquired distinct pe- 
culiarity and are known as "short 
wools" or "Hampshire downs." Bee 
keeping is extensively "followed, and 
the honey of the county enjoys a 
special celebrity. 

The manufactures of Hampshire 
are not important, except those car- 
ried on at Portsmouth and Gosport, 
in connection with the royal navy. 
In many of the towns there are brew- 
eries and tanneries, and paper is 
manfactured at several places. The 
paper mills of Romsey and Overton 
have supplied the bank of England 



with note paper since the reign of 
George the First. Fancy pottery and 
terra cotta are made at Fareham and 
Bishop's Waltham; and Ringwood is 
celebrated for its knitted gloves. 
There are large steam docks and an 
extensive shipping trade at South- 
ampton. At most of the coast towns 
fishing is prosecuted to a considerable 
degree. The total population of the 
county amounted in 1901 to over 
680,000, 74,000 of this number being 
on the Isle of Wight. 

The largest and most populous city 
of old Hampshire is Portsmouth, af- 
ter London and Liverpool, the larg- 
est seaport in England. Its popula- 
tion is upwards of 150,000. Better 
than any other spot in Great Britain 
perhaps, Portsmouth illustrates the 
naval and military power of the 
mother country, and the place is con- 
sidered impregnable. In its harbor 
is seen the craft of all lands, and al- 
ways several of their vast leviathans 
of war, which gives Brittania her 
claim to rule the wave, are in station 
there. It has been a seaport since the 
time of Alfred the Great, and many 
of the early voyagers and explorers 
of the New World sailed from this 
port or from Southampton. 

The latter is an old town, almost 
as ancient as Winchester, and was the 
occasional residence of Canute the 
Dane. The neighboring shore is said 
to be the place of his rebuke to his 
courtiers, according to the story fa- 
miliar to most readers. Its popula- 
tion is seventy thousand, and it is the 
principal port of departure for sev- 
eral East and West India, Chinese, 
Australian, North German and 
American lines of steamers. Its prin- 
cipal industries are brewing, sugar 
refining, iron casting, coach building 
and ship building. 

It is quite remarkable that Hamp- 
shire is the only one of the English 
counties that has never given its name 
to a title. There have been earls, 
marquises and dukes of every other 
English county, but there has never 



Some Account of Old Hampshire 



"been an earl, marquis or duke of 
Hampshire or Hants. Southampton 
has given a title to three different 
families — Fitzwilliams, Wriothesley 
and Fitzroy — but the title was de- 
rived from the city and not from the 
county. The principal noblemen 
having seats in the county are the 
Duke of Wellington, the Earl of 
Portsmouth, the Earl of Carnavon, 
the Earl of Normonton. Lord Ash- 
burton. Lord Northbrook, and Sir 
William Heathcote. 

Many of the towns of old Hamp- 
shire have names that are familiar to 
•our ear in our own New Hampshire. 
Besides Portsmouth, there are Chi- 
chester. Kingston. Ashland. Alton. 
Milford and Newport, and not far 
from her borders are Salisbury and 
Exeter. The names are suggestive. 
and produce a sort of a home feel- 
ing to Americans who occasionally 
Tim over the county. The name of 
hamlet after hamlet has passed to the 
New World, and has memories to the 
ears of Englishman and American 
alike. English history is about the 
traveler in every spot he sees, and the 



descendants of many of the old fami- 
lies have found a home in the growing 

commonwealth in the West christened 
in the memory of this grand old Eng- 
lish county. 

The names of many eminent per- 
sons are associated with Old Hamp- 
shire, quite a number of whom resided 
in the county. Bishop Wykeham, one 
of the splendid ecclesiastics of the 
Middle Ages. Dr. Edward Young, au- 
thor of "Night Thoughts," Warton, 
author of the "Historv of English 
Poetry." Gilbert White, John Keb- 
ble. Charles Dickens, the Duke of 
Wellington, are only a few of the 
worthies who have been sons of the 
soil, either by birth or adoption, and 
added fame to the glory of the Eng- 
lish Hampshire. Hurst Castle near 
Southampton was for a time the 
prison of Charles the First of Eng- 
land, and on the Isle of Wight is Os- 
borne He use, the former summer resi- 
dence of Queen Victoria, and the old 
straw-thatched cottage where lived 
the dairyman's daughter, whose story 
Leigh Richmond has made immortal. 



©irplheusi &sa<dl H 

By C. C. Lord 

The ancient swain 

Who thrilled amain 
With mystic inspiration odd. 

To music lent 

His soul : intent. 
Brutes, rocks and trees that decked the sod. 

At once began 

To feel the man 
Who bore the likeness of a god. 

Crude nature's son, 

Indeed but one 
Of gifts evolved in slight degrees, 

I wait the mood 

Of things, or brood 
In vain by ruthless fate's decrees: 

If they incline, 

I then divine 
In songs of brutes, and rocks and trees. 



©ot Tint Waff ©f Aggiressaoaa- 

the Object 



-CMmdla 



CHAPTEK [V. 

Three chapters of this paper were 
published in the May number of the 
Granite Monthly, in 1902. The 
narrative was broughl down to the 

failure of the assault upon Quebec of 
the morning of December 31, 1775, 
which ended so disastrously to the be- 
siegers. In this assault, the entire 
contingent from New Hampshire be- 
eame prisoners, with their leader, 
Capt. Henry Dearborn of Hampton. 
Let us continue the sad story. 

Looking backward now. the world 
can see that the campaign for Canada 
had failed. But such was not the 
view of Colonel Arnold, who by a sort 
of election succeeded the lamented 
.Montgomery in command of the crip- 
pled army of invasion; nor of the 
other officers and the rank and file. 
Arnold is quoted as saying, "I have 
no thought of leaving this proud town 
until I first enter it in triumph. . . 

. I am in the way of my duty and 
know no fear." The City of Quebec 
had not yet been released from the 
grip of the besieging foe. For more 
than four months her gates must be 
guarded with vigilance against a foe 
whom neither hostile arms nor arctic 
cold could intimidate. 

Here certain phases of the cam- 
paign are naturally suggested for 
narrative, viz. : the misfortunes of the 
prisoners, the continued siege, and the 
retreat which came with the melting 
of ice and snow in the spring. 

The fatalities of the attack of De- 
cember 31, 1775. will never be ac- 
curately known. The number stated 
by different authorities varies from 
forty set down by Captain Dearborn 
to 200 reported as buried by British 
accounts. The latter number must 
include deaths among the prisoners 



from wounds and disease. The num- 
ber of patriots captured is disputed. 
Captain Dearborn says about 300 
prisoners and 100 killed and 
wounded. A different estimate of 
the killed and wounded w r as given in 
another chapter. Captain Dearborn 
of Hampton, N. H, says in his diary, 
"hearing nothing from the general's 
party and having lost about 100 men 
out of less than 500, it Avas thought 
most prudent to surrender, upon the 
encouragement of being promised 
good quarters and tender usage." 
This refers to Arnold's division only. 
The situation presented no reason- 
able alternative but to surrender or 
perish. The promise of "good quar- 
ters and tender usage" was as faith- 
fully fulfilled as was practicable in 
the condition of the city as regards 
fuel and provisions, until the discov- 
ery of plots to escape resulted in 
irons and severity inflicted upon 
many enlisted men and some officers. 
General Carleton was a humane 
and sympathetic man. Captain 
Dearborn says. "I and my other of- 
ficers were carried to the main guard 
house to the other officers, where we 
had a good dinner and a plenty of 
several sorts of good wine." The of- 
ficers were the same day removed to 
the Seminary of Laval, in the Upper 
Town, and placed in rooms on the 
fourth floor. This was their prison 
during a captivity of about seven 
long and tedious months, except 
when illness caused their removal to 
the Hotel Dieu, a nunnery and hos- 
pital. They were given books and 
with reading and card-playing 
whiled away the tedious waking 
hours. Panes of glass were set in 
the doors; lights were kept in their 
rooms and they were at all times un- 
der the surveillance of guards. 



Our First War of Aggression — Canada the Object 81 



Thus, though not deall with severely, 
they were always kept conscious that 
they were captives. 

We have been speaking of the cap- 
tive officers. The enlisted men were 
confined in the Jesuit College and 
monastery in the Upper Town and 
were somewhat crowded together, al- 
though the structure was large 
enough to hold several thousand men. 
Scarcity of fuel in the city was the 
cause of this crowding. Arnold's lit- 
tle army was able to cut off the ap- 
proaches to the town so that the 
scarcity of fuel was felt even by the 
garrison. The men were soon re- 
moved to the Dauphine jail, and 
there remained. The enlisted men 
from New Hampshire were among 
these prisoners. Interesting stories 
come down to us of plots to escape 
en masse to Arnold's lines, and of 
discovery just as their consummation 
seemed upon the point of realization, 
and of consequent severity of 
shackles and restrictions on liberty; 
of recruiting for the British service 
within the prison walls, when some 
ninety-five took the "king's shil- 
ling" to get a measure of liberty with 
a mental reservation to escape the 
first opportunity, so many so re- 
leased really escaping that the au- 
thorities returned the others to their 
prison as hopeless recruits ; of the 
daring man who in white clothes, hid 
in a snowdrift in the angle of the 
Avail and at dark boldly leaped from 
the wall into the depths of a snow 
drift and escaped. When outside 
the walls, escape to the camp was as- 
sured. The snow was twenty feet 
deep in many places around the walls 
and four feet deep on a level, and the 
grip of the frost king was frightful. 

Lack of liberty and an uncertainty 
of fate, perhaps the gallows, were 
hardships fearfully supplemented by 
.a horrible pestilence of smallpox 
w 7 hich attacked both officers and men, 
and added largely to the list of the 
dead. The smallpox having done 



its worst, a poor diet at length de- 
veloped a scourge of scurvy so se- 
vere that many had their teeth drop 
out and many suffered horrible 
deaths. They became ragged, filthy 
and vermin-infested. 

The weary months dragged their 
slow length along until the southern 
zephyrs had loosed the icy fetters 
that had held fast and hard that, 
whole northern province, and then 
only in August the survivors were 
released and transported by sea to 
their southern homeland. That they 
were few who returned of those 
strong battalions may be believed 
when it is known that of some com- 
panies of 100 riflemen barely twenty- 
five survived to receive the home 
greeting of those they loved. 
Whether the New Hampshire com- 
pany lost in like proportion the 
writer has no data to show. 

The excitement of the attack hav- 
ing been succeeded by the depression 
of defeat posterity would read with- 
out surprise that our surviving troops 
who were free retired with alacrity 
or in a panic of fear from a desper- 
ate enterprise. But their indom- 
itable leader heroically resolved to 
know no defeat and from his couch in 
the general hospital, to which he was 
confined by his shattered knee, issued 
his orders for manning and holding 
the lines with his little army of 
about 700 men, one half of whom 
were not fit for duty. His officers 
and men seconded his efforts and im- 
portunate calls went to Congress and 
Washington and others in authority, 
for men, and cannon, and powder 
and ball. The man of military sci- 
ence may pore over maps to see where 
our lines were drawn, where our bat- 
teries were placed, where our hospi- 
tals succored the sick and wounded; 
but there are few who know the geog- 
raphy or topography of the country 
well enough to be edified by such ap- 
plication or pendantry, or care more 
for such details than they do for the 



82 Our First War of Aggression — Canada the Object 



particulars of the siege and sack of 
ancient Troy. Away, then, with 
such dry and barren details! 

We know that that little band, 
through a fierce winter's cold, amid 
the huge snowdrifts of a sub-arctic 
climate, maintained a siege so contin- 
uous and effective that the garrison 
and people of Quebec were put to 
sore straits to keep warm within their 
thick walls and substantial houses, 
while their enemy without endured 
the frightful climate in their canvas 
habitations and rude huts, and so in- 
timidated the garrison that they dare 
not make a sortie to drive off the be- 
siegers, but only to secure the uncon- 
sumed timbers of the half burned 
suburbs of St. John and St. Roque 
to eke out their own scanty supply of 
fuel. 

Meanwhile, the vigorous appeals 
for reinforcements brought some re- 
sults. January 2-4, 150 men came to 
their aid from Montreal, where the 
superannuated General Wooster. dis- 
tinguished for patriotism and his 
immense wig rather than for military 
ability, held command. Presently a 
squad of twenty-five men from New 
England, on snowshoes, performed 
the heroic march to Quebec and 
helped fill up the gaps in the lines. 
Others followed in companies and 
regiments, whose march by Montgom- 
ery's route by Lake Champlain in- 
volved them in hardships and suffer- 
ings hardly exceeded by those en- 
dured by the heroes of the Kennebec 
and Chaudiere, until the little army 
grew and waxed strong with the 
strength of about 3,0.00 men. Then 
the benevolent but faithful Carleton, 
in Quebec, grew apprehensive, as bat- 
teries were erected and threw shot 
and shell into the city; and while he 
guarded his massive walls and pon- 
derous gates, watched with ceaseless 
vigilance the "rebels." who grew 
more and more aggressive, on the one 
hand, and on the other with anxious 
gaze scanned the growing expanse of 
open water in the river as spring ad- 



vanced, hoping to sec vessels of war 
and transports loaded with troops, 
provisions and munitions of war and 
flying the Union Jack at mast head, 
sailing up the river to his rescue and 
the delivery of the strongest fortress 
in America from the clutches of the 
persistent Yankees, whose cannon 
thundered ominously at his gates. 

April 1 General Wooster came 
down from Montreal and assumed 
command, and April 12, Arnold, 
feeling slighted by General Wooster, 
asked to be relieved and retired to 
Montreal to convalesce. On the first 
day of May, Maj.-Gen. John Thomas, 
a man of culture and ability, arrived 
and assumed command. 

Captain Dearborn and his com- 
rades, on May 3, were startled by a 
commotion that penetrated even 
through prison walls, and looking 
out saw a ship approaching from Isle 
Orleans, with all sails set. It was a 
fire-ship intended to set fire to the 
mass of shipping at the wharves and 
the buildings of the Lower Town. 
She was thought by the people to be 
a rescue ship from home and they 
were wild with excitement. The 
watchers saw the crew that had 
guided her row away in a boat, then 
came an explosion on board and fire 
and sparks were scattered far and 
wide. Midst a terrific discharge of 
shot and shell from all batteries that 
could be brought to bear, the sails 
went up in flames, the wind veered 
and the vessel sheered from its 
course, harmed nothing, and all was 
over. This was the last spasmodic 
attempt of our forces to harass the 
enemy. 

On the 6th of Mav (three davs 
later), before day, three British war 
vessels approached the city from be- 
low and landed men and guns, bring- 
ing joy to the inhabitants of Quebec, 
but the knell of the hopes of the 
prisoners and the besiegers. A force 
of a thousand British troops marched 
out toward the American lines, 
which were hastily abandoned, with- 



Oar First War of Aggression — Canada the Object 83 



out much effective resistance, and the 
siege of Quebec was at an end. At 
a council of war the night previous, 
the decision to withdraw had been 
reached as the little army was weak- 
ened by the ravages of smallpox and 
other disease and a scarcity of provi- 
sions that had compelled the men to 
beg for food from house to house in 
the country in their rear. Even the 
most sanguine knew now that the 
campaign had failed. How to es- 
cape from a British force of 10,000 
men and many ships of war was the 
problem. We can now see that the 
sluggish movements of the British 
troops alone permitted General 
Thomas to conduct a retreat for 
twelve miles that first day and thirty 
miles the next without molestation. 
Tempted to make a stand at Des 
Chambault, forty-eight miles up the 
river, better counsels prevailed, and 
the retreat was continued by cross- 
ing to the south side of the St. Law- 
rence and on to Sorel, a little below 
Montreal. Here General Thomas 
died of smallpox. Arnold joined 
from Montreal with 300 men. Gen- 
eral Sullivan, with 3,500 men sent 
forward for the succor of the retreat- 
ing army, joined here and assumed 
command. Gen. John Sullivan's 
name occupies a large page in the 
history of New Hampshire. 

Col. Timothy Bedel of northern 
New Hampshire raised a regiment 
and marched to the relief of the re- 
treating army. Stationed at The 
Cedars above Montreal the regiment 
was disgracefully surrendered while 
Colonel Bedel was absent on other 
duty. The prisoners were soon re- 
leased. 

But though the army baffled the 
pursuing British, they could not 
baffle the attacks of the pestilence 
and there were, as the sick were 
hauled up the river in boats, hardly 
well men enough to transport and 
care for the sick who were reduced to 
a diet of salt pork and flour. 

At length, having briefly halted at 



Chambly and St. Johns, they reached 
Isle au Noix, June 17, and eight days 
later they reached Crown Point, a 
wasted, pitiful mass of humanity, 
with all lost but honor. Colonel 
Trumbull, of the staff of General 
Gates, after inspecting the camp, re- 
corded that he did not look in a tent 
or hut in which he did not find a 
dead or dying man. Almost naked, 
their tattered clothing, their blan- 
kets, the air, the ground, reeked with 
the pestilential infection. Emaci- 
ated and weak, they could not have 
beaten off an enemy had one ap- 
peared. A physician who tried to 
serve them said, "At the sight of so 
much privation and distress, I wept 
until I had no more power to weep." 

Canada was completely evacuated 
before the end of June. Had Mont- 
gomery and Arnold captured Quebec 
in the assault of December 31, 1775, 
or afterward, could they have held 
their conquest in 1776 against the 
overwhelming force sent to Canada 
by the British ? It is doubtful, un- 
less the attachment of the Canadi- 
ans could have been retained. Even 
then, it would have been doubtful, 
even if largely reenforced. Was the 
campaign well advised ? Superfici- 
ally viewed, it does not seem so, con- 
sidering the lateness of the date of 
Arnold's departure. But when we 
remember that the large force of 
British troops in Canada accom- 
plished practically nothing in 1776, 
we may perhaps consider that the 
Canada campaign diverted their 
strength from the forces that oper- 
ated under Howe around New York 
that year and that his capacity for 
harm was thus diminished. In this 
view some may think the campaign 
had. perhaps, slight compensations. 

To such an end came courage the 
most unbounded, efforts the most 
strenuous, and fortitude the most un- 
exampled. The tale has been told a 
thousand times. The romance of it 
all is never-failing. The heroism of 
it all, for which the deeds and fate 



*4 Our First War of Aggression — Canada the Object 



of Montgomery are ever memorable 
types, is not excelled in lustre by 
human deeds of any age or clime. 
The pitiful story of the retreat of the 
skeleton army might well till a sep- 
arate doleful chapter. It is all a tale 
of sadness and immeasurable pathos. 
The objects of the campaign for 
the conquest of Canada utterly failed 
of attainment. Do we find any 
really adequate compensating results 
to offset the toil, privations, hard- 
ships, suffering, loss of life and ex- 
penditure of treasure? When we 
gather the disasters, the terrors, the 



horrors and the sorrows of that ill- 
fated campaign into one picture, the 
all-prevailing gloom derives hardly a 
ray of light from the transient suc- 
cess at St. John and Montreal. 
Save this, the only light that illum- 
ines the black picture is the glow of 
patriotic ardor and of heroic cour- 
age and fortitude of the heroes of the 
barriers below the walls of Quebec 
and of the inhospitable wilderness of 
the Chaudiere and Kennebec. 

E. D. HADLEY. 

Des Moines, Iowa, February 2, 1907. 



By Rev. Raymond H. H\is< 

When in other lands we wander. 
And in distant paths we roam. 

How our hearts grow warm and tender 
When at night we think of home. 

And the hills we loved in childhood 
Seem to charm us from afar, 

As they did when o'er their summits 
We beheld the evening star. 

Our lives are but a journey 
Round a circle, through the glen ; 

And, when shadows fall at even, 
We shall all come home again. 

In the dear home paths we'll wander 
And the years that took their flight, 

In our joy will be forgotten 

When we all come home at night. 

And the Father who has missed us 
While so sadly we did roam, 

And the Savior who has loved us 
Will receive us, "Welcome Home." 



Exeter, N. H. 



Cs#fto T©lb>I&s Le^ff ®f P®fffem®us<t!hi s 



DkiMeff ®f the "lasageir 



99 



By Pay Din dor Joseph Foster, Bear Admiral U. S. N. (Retired 



Capt. Tobias Lear of Portsmouth. 
N. H.. who died November 6, 1781. 
aged forty-five years, was the builder 
of Paul Jones' famous ship, the 
Ranger. 

He was first cousin of Gov. John 
Langdon of Portsmouth, ' ' Best of the 
best in his New Hampshire home" 
(Tablet St. John's Church, Ports- 
mouth. See volume I, new series, p. 
517) ; father of Col. Tobias Lear, six- 
teen years private secretary to George 
Washington, and grandfather of 
Rear Admiral George Washington 
Storer, United States Navy, who as a 
baby sat on Washington 's knee and 
received his special blessing. 

That Capt, Tobias Lear was for sev- 
eral years during the American Rev- 
olution superintendent of the "Con- 
tinental Yard" at Langdon 's (now 
Badger's) Island, in the Piscataqua 
River opposite Portsmouth, N. H., 
renders the story of his life and fam- 
ily of interest to the people of New 
Hampshire, and especially to those 
who have read, or in future shall look 
upon the bronze tablet, erected in 
1905, at the ferry landing of the 
Atlantic Shore Electric Railway on 
that island by the Paul Jones Club. 
Sons of the American Revolution of 



Portsmouth. "In memory of the Con- 
tinental sloop of war Ranger, 
launched from this island May 10, 
1777." of which the inscription was 
printed in full in "Portsmouth Rev- 
olutionary Tablets" in this magazine 
for October, 1906 (Volume I, new se- 
ries, p. 516). 

Captain Lear's "Account Book" 
from December 23, 1776, to May 12, 
1781. covering his receipts from and 
expenditures on account of 'The 
Honorable John Langdon, Esq.," 
continental agent during that time, 
is still preserved. Besides the Ran- 
ger, Captain Lear built the private 
armed ship Portsmouth, and partly 
constructed the continental ship 
America, seventy-four guns. 

The "Account Book." now the 
property of Air. Francis R. Johnson 
of Portsmouth, through whose kind- 
ness the following extracts were 
made, was presented to him by the 
late Airs. Albert L. Jones, formerly 
Aiiss Alary Washington Storer, daugh- 
ter of the late Rear Admiral George 
Washington Storer, United States 
Navy, also of Portsmouth, and a 
great-granddaughter of Capt. Tobias 
Lear, so that its authenticity is cer- 
tain. 

Its testimony is as follows, viz : — 



86 



Capt. Tobias Lear of Portsmouth 



THE "HAMPSHIRE," RENAMED THE "RANGER. 



Cor'll John Langdon, 



DR. 



I 



1 1 1 



Jan'y 11 To cash paid the Carpenters for work when building the Continental 
ship Hampshire, James Roch Esq. Comdr. bldg. at Cor'll Lang- 
don's Island 

March 14 To Cash paid Do 

April 12i To Cash paid Do. 

" To Cash pd Sundry men when work'g on the Raleigh when she 

liall'd on shore 

May 9-10' To Cash paid the Carpenters and caulkers 

10 To my supertend'g the ship Hampshire from Dec. 23, 1776 to May 10, 

1777, 1 14 days, 8s. p day 

To 19 weeks Board (a 14s', 

To Cash pd Sundry Carpenters for Sunday night Board while in 
town @ 1 2d p Sunday v 



1778 
May 23' To Cash to Ballance this Acc't. 



63 


3 


307 


6 


288 


14 


1 


12 


226 


15 


45 


4 


13 


6 


8 


2 


954 


4 


9 


17 


964 


2 



3 

3 

11 

3 

9 






5 



7 




Contra, 



CR. 



Jan'y 


11 


(< 


13 


March 


12 


April 


11 


May 


5 



By Cash to pay the Carpenters when Building the Continental Ship 

Hampshire. James Roch, Comdr. at Cor'll Langdon 's Island, 

By Cash for Do 

By Cash for Do. , 

By Cash for Do. , 

By Cash for Do. , 



40 


2 


24 





300 





300 





300 





964 


2 












The charge for superintending, 114 
days at eight shillings per day, 
should be £45.12.0, as originally writ- 
ten; 113 days would be £45.4.0, the 
corrected amount entered in the ac- 
count book. 

That the "Continental ship Hamp- 
shire, James Koch, Esq., Comdr," as 
she was known from December 23, 
1776, to May 10, 1777, while being 
built, became the continental ship 
Ranger by virtue of the resolve passed 
by Congress June 14/1777, "That 
Captain John Paul Jones be ap- 
pointed to command the Ranger ship 
of war," is evident; for the Hamp- 
shin never appears in the list of 
ships of the Continental Navy and 
the following evidence conclusively 
shows that Captain Roch was Captain 
Jones' predecessor in command of the 
Banger. 

Capt, Thomas Thompson of Ports- 
mouth, commanding the Continental 



frigate Raleigh, in a letter to Capt. 
Hector McNeil of the Continental 
frigate Boston, dated at Portsmouth, 
Saturday, July 19, 1777. says: 
"Jones is here. Commands the ship 
Banger built in this place, late Roch 
—not in condition for sea yet." 
(Facsimilie letter printed in Spears' 
"History of Our Navy," New York, 
1897, Volume I, pages 183-184.) 

Paul Jones' letter to Captain Roch, 
given below, although his name was 
printed "John Roach" instead of 
"James Roch," as in the "Account 
Book," must be recognized as full 
proof of this identity of the Hamp- 
shire and the Banger. 

Letter of Paul Jones, 1777 : 
(From a copy in the possession of 
the New England Historic Geneaolog- 
ical Society.) 



Sir. 



Portsmouth, July 12, 1777. 



I am come here on a disagreeable 



Capt. Tobias Lear of Portsmouth 



87 



errand — to supersede you, against whom 
I have no cause of complaint. 

Delicacy would not permit my more 
early Appearance. I wished to give you 
time to consider seriously whether your 
suspension can he in any respect owing 
to me? You must be convinced that it 
was not when you recollect that I was ap- 
pointed to command a far better ship 
than the Ranger: — Besides I believe you 
think me incapable of Baseness. 

You will have an Opportunity of dis- 
proving whatever may have been said to 
your disadvantage, and the charges 
against you, whatever they are, must be 
supported by incontestable Facts, other- 
wise they will gain no credit with men of 
Candor and Ingenuity — your present ca- 
lamity may yet terminate in your future 
happiness — when it appears you have 
been wrongfully charged, you will be en- 
titled to a greater share of public good 
will and approbation than you could oth- 
erwise have claimed. I wish you well — 
and am 
Sir 
Your most Obedient 
very humble servant, 

Jxo. P. Joxes. 
(John Roach, Esquire). 

— (New England Historical Genealogical 
Register, Volume 48, page 461.) 

It is interesting- to note that an orig- 
inal list of the crew of the Continen- 
tal frigate Boston, Capt. Hector Mc- 
Neil, above mentioned, and an autobi- 
ographical sketch of Captain Mc- 
Neil's life, are in possession of Charles 
W. Gray of Portsmouth, where some 
of his family connections still reside. 

THE PRIVATE ARMED SHIP PORTSMOUTH. 

The Portsmouth Avas also built on 
Langdon 's Island under the superin- 
tendence of Capt. Tobias Lear; but 
before the Ranger, as shown by the 
following extracts from the "Account 
Book:" 

Cor 11 John Langdon, Dr. 

1776 To paying the Carpenters 

for Building the Ship 
Portsmouth from the 
25th of Sept. to the 
21st day of Dec. when 
she was launched £634.12.3 

1777 For Cash paid the Car- 

penters when finishing 
the ship at town and 
for lodging of same £141.14.11 



1777 To my Time from Sept. 



25th, 


1776, to Dec. 




21st, 


1777 (1776), 106 




days 


@ 6/6 


£34.9.0 


To 15 


Weeks Board @ 




14s 




10.10.0 



Contra 




Cr. 


1776 








Oct. 


19th 


By Cash to pay 
Carpenters for 
Building the ship 








Portsmouth 


30. 0.0 


Oct. 


25th 


By Cash for Do. 


104. 8.0 


Nov. 


9th 


By Cash for Do. 


64.16.0 


Nov. 


16th. 


By Cash for Do. 


108. 0.0 


Nov. 


19th 


By Cash for Do. 


30. 0.0 


Dec. 


6th 


By Cash for Do. 


180. 0.0 


Dec. 


23d 


By Cash for Do. 


120. 0.0 


1777 








Mar. 


11th 


By Cash for Do. 


176. 0.0 



1778 

May 23d By Cash to Ballance 
this A'et 



* 812. 4.0 



9.2.2 



821.6.2 



(*This should have been £813.4.0.) 

It is stated in Emmons' "Navy of 
the United States," Washington, 
1853, in a list of "Public and Private 
Armed Vessels fitted out in the United 
States during the Revolutionary 
War," that the Portsmouth, was a 
"Ship" of "twenty guns" and "one 
hundred men," Captain "R. Par- 
ker," fitted out in "New Hampshire" 
in "1776." 

THE AMERICA. 

The work on ' ' The 71 buildg at Cor 
il Langdon's Island" —the America 
— was superintended by Capt. Tobias 
Lear from May 10, 1777, to May 12, 
1781 (six months before his death) ; 
and his charges against Col. John 
Langdon for "superintending" dur- 
ing all the time are entered in this 
Account Book. Credit is given for 
money and stores received and 
charges are made for cash paid to 
carpenters, etc.. amounting to about 
£125,000; the coin value of which, 
however, owing to the depreciation of 
Continental money, it would be diffi- 



ss 



( 'a/)/. Tohias Lear of Portsmouth 



cull to ascertain, the last charge, July 
27, L781, being "For LO Bushels Corn 
Left a1 the [sland, £180," or £18 per 
bushel. 
The tii'st charge is 

1777 

May 10th For Cash Paid the 

Carpenters buildg 

the Continental 

ship en 1 led the 



of 74 suns 



l t::.iis.!i 



The lirst charge for superintending 

is : 

To my superintending from May 
in. 1777. until March 31, 1778, 
290 Days (§ 18s 261.0.0 

For 41 Weeks Board (§ 48s 98.8.0 

The last charge for superintending 

is as follows, and the greatly in- 
creased rate owing to the deprecia- 
tion of Continental money, is very 
marked : 

To my Superintending the Con- 
tinental Yard from Oct. 14, 
1780, until 12th May (1781) is 
180 Dys inclusive @ £45. 

To my Board while superintend- 
ing the Yard from Oct. 14, 1780, 
until May 12, (1781) is 25 
Wks & 5 Dys. 10030.0.0 

Charges covering "Major Hack- 
ett's Board" from March 20, 1779. 
to October 30, 1779. thirty-two weeks 
at "Cl'2 per week, and from November 
1, 1779. to March 18, 1780, 23 weeks 
at £20 per week — are also contained 
in this account. 

Col. James Hackett was of Exeter, but 
seems to have resided, some time, at 
Portsmouth. He was a noted ship- 
builder and a man of great enterprise and 
energy. He was appointed a lieutenant- 
colonel in one of the New Hampshire reg- 
iments in 1776, for the field, but his ser- 
vices were so urgently required at home, 
in fitting out armed vessels, that he de- 
clined the office. He volunteered, how- 
ever, for duty under Gen. Sullivan in 
Rhode Island, in a company of light 
horse raised in Portsmouth, and was 
made lieutenant, Gov. John Langdon be- 
ing captain. He was also in command of 
a battalion of artillery on the occasion of 
Gen. Washington's visit to Portsmouth, 
and received his excellenev with a 



"grand salute." — (Notice by Hon. Charles 
H. Bell, of Exeter, N. H., in "New Eng- 
land Historical ami Genealogical Regis- 
ter." Vol. 23, page 53.) 

(APT. TOBIAS LEAR. 

"Capl Tobias Lear (fourth), born 
Anoust 1. 17:57, died November 6, 
1781, married Mary Stillson Decem- 
ber 29, 1757. She was born May 25, 
1739, and died May 24, 1829."— (Old 
Lear Bible. 

They had two children, Tobias 
Lear (fifth i. Washington's secretary, 
and Polly, who married Samuel 
Si i »rer. 

Their gravestones, side by side, at 
the Point of Graves, Portsmouth, 
bear the following inscriptions, viz: 

In memory 

of 

Capt. Tobias Lear 

Oht Nov 6th, 1781 

M 45 

"A wits a feather & a Cheif a Rod, 

An honest man's the noblest work of 

God." 

— (Stone.) 

Here lie the remains of 

Mrs. Mary Lear 

the widow of 

Captn Tobias Lear. 

She died the 24th of May, 1S29, 

Aged 90 years. 

Devoted in her attachments 

Ardent in her affections 

and 

Sincere in her piety 

She was long an example that 

"The hoary head is a crown of 

Glory if it be found in the way of 

righteousness." 

-(Stone). 

His mother's stone, also at the 
Point of Graves, and next his own. is 
inscribed as follows, viz. : 

In memory of 

Mrs Elizabeth Lear 

wife of 

Capt. Tobias Lear 

who died July 21, 1774 

Aged 58 Years. 

-(Stone). 

Capt. Tobias Lear — fourth of the 
name — was the great-grandson of To- 
bias Lear (first), who married, April 
11, 1667, Elizabeth (Sherburne) 



Capt. Tobias Lear of Portsmou 



•■■mouth 



89 



Langdon, widow of Tobias Langdon, 
who died July 27, 1664. They had 
two daughters and Tobias Lear (sec- 
ond), whose son. Tobias Lear (third), 
married Elizabeth Hall, daughter of 
Josiah Hall : she died July 21, 1771, 
aged 58 years. Tobias and Eliza- 
beth ( Hall) Lear had two children : 
Elizabeth, who married Nathaniel 
Sherburne and Tobias Lear (fourth). 
— (Penhallow Family. Boston, 1885, 
page 20.) 

Capt. Tobias Lear and Colonel, af- 
terwards Governor, John Langdon, 
were both great-grandehildren of 
Elizabeth Sherburne (daughter of 
Henry and Eebecca [Gibbons] Sher- 
burne, and granddaughter of Am- 
brose Gibbons), who married, first, 
Tobias Langdon, July 10, 1656, who 
died July 27, 1664; second. Tobias 
Lear. April 11, 1667, who died in 
1681, and third, Richard Martyn; as 
related in the "Wentworth Geneal- 
ogy," Volume I. pages 116, 189 and 
335. Additional information as to 
these early residents of Portsmouth 
will be found in Brewster's "Ram- 
bles about Portsmouth." second sc- 
ries, pages 44-bl. 

Captain Lear was also a first cousin 
to Governor Langdon, whose mother. 
Mary Hall (of Exeter) was a sister 
of Captain Lear's mother, Elizabeth 
Hall, daughters of Josiah Hall 
("Wentworth Genealogy." Volume 
I. page 336). a descendant of "the 
great puritan, Thomas Dudley of the 
Bay," as John Elwyn, grandson of 
Governor Langdon, wrote in the 
"Rambles," second series, page 57. 

Thomas Dudley 

For Seventeen Years 

Governor or Deputy Governor 

of the 

Massachusetts Bay Colony. 

As Governor he signed 

The Charter of Harvard College. 

Born in England, 1576. 

Died in Roxbury, 1653. 

"A man of Approved Wisdom 






and 



of Much 
to the 



Good Service 
State." 



(Tablet, First Church, Boston.) 



-KCKKTAUV TOBIAS I. EAR. 

('apt. Tobias Lear lived «.n the 
north side oi: Ilunkiim Street, Ports- 
mouth, near tin* river. The house in 
which he resided Ms there now and 
bears a tablet with the following in- 
scription, in remembrance of his son, 
Col. Tobias Lear: 

Col. Tobias Lear 
was born in this house in 1760. 
He was George Washington's Secre- 
tary from 1783 to 1799. 
Washington visited here in 1789. 
This tablet is placed by the Society 
of the Sons of the Revolution 
of the State of New Hampshire. 
1899. 

(Tablet.) 

Lear House.— Marked with a bronze 
tablet. It was here that Tobias Lear, 
who was private secretary to General 
Washington for sixteen years, was born, 
in 1760 [1762]. In Washington's diary, 
under date of Tuesday, November 3, 1789, 
he wrote: "I called upon President Sul- 
livan and Mrs. Lear." Mrs. Lear was 
the step-mother [the mother — see be- 
low] of his secretary and occupied this 
house with Samuel Storer, who had mar- 
ried Lear's sister. They were the par- 
ents of the late Admiral George Wash- 
ington Storer, who was a baby at the 
time and received Washington's blessing. 
Lear served as secretary until Washing- 
ton's death. Afterward he was consul- 
general at San Domingo and Tripoli in 
1804. Mr. Lear had three wives, the first 
being Mary Long of Portsmouth; his sec- 
ond was Mrs. Ball, a niece of General 
Washington [see below], the third being 
Miss Fanny D. Henly [see below], a 
niece of Martba Washington.— (Gurney's 
"Portsmouth Historic and Picturesque," 
Portsmouth, 1902.) 

Gurney's book is. however, incor- 
rect in part, as noted above, as 
shown by the following extracts from 
the ' ' Old Lear Bible, ' ' kindly^ fur- 
nished by one of Captain Lear's de- 
scendants: 

Tobias Lear (fifth) born Sept. 19, 1762, 
married, first in 1790, Mary Long of 
Portsmouth. She died 1793: second Mrs. 
Frances Washington, widow of Major 
George Augustine Washington, who was 
Gen. Washington's nephew, in 1795, she 
died 1796; third. Miss Frances Dandridge 



90 



Copt. Tobias Lear of Portsmouth 



Henley. .Mrs. Washington's niece, ISO'.;, she 
died about 1855 — Old Lear Bible 

Mrs. Mary Lear, after the death of 
Col. Tobias Lear, wrote the following 
in the "Old Lear Bible," thus fully 
confirming what is evident from the 
dates of her marriage and his birth, 
thai she was his own mother. 

My one and only beloved son Tobias 
Lear was born Sept. 19, 1762. Departed 
this life Oct. 11, 1816, aged 55 years. I 
have every cause to hope he now rests in 
the Bosom of his Redeemer after a short 
but exemplary life of filial duty and affec- 
tion to his aged parent, be being nearly 
all her support and comfort since the de- 
cease of his dear and honored Father. — 
(Old Lear Bible.) 

This is further confirmation by the 
following notice of Col. Tobias Lear's 
death : 

Died — In Washington city the 10th 
(11th) inst, suddenly, Tobias Lear, Esq., 
aged 56, Accountant of the War Depart- 
ment and late consul at Algiers. Col. 
Lear was a native of this town, where 
his mother now resides. — (The Ports- 
mouth Oracle, Oct. 19, 1816.) 

Lear, Tobias, diplomatist, born Ports- 
mouth, N. H., Sept. 19, 1762; died Wash- 
ington, D. C, Oct. 10, 1816. H. U. 1783. 
In 1785 he became private secretary to 
General Washington and was most lib- 
erally remembered by him in his will. In 
1801 he was made consul-general at St. 
Domingo; and from 1804 to 1812 was con- 
sul-general at Algiers, and commissioner 
to conclude a peace with Tripoli. The 
latter duty he performed in 1805, much 
to the dissatisfaction of General Eaton, 
who was gaining important advantages 
over the Tripolitans. Lear's conduct was 
approved by his government, though much 
blamed by a portion of the'public. At his 
decease he was an accountant in the war 
department. — ("Dictionary of American 
Biography, - ' Boston, 1872.) 

He was Washington's Secretary — The 
tomb of Tobias Lear is in an unfrequented 
corner of the Congressional cemetery. 
Washington. Let the epitaph cut in the 
top slab, tell the story: 

"Here lie the remains of Tobias Lear. 
He was early distinguished as the private 
secretary and familiar friend of the illus- 
trious George Wasbington, and after hav- 
ing served his country with dignity, zeal 



and fidelity in many honorable stations, 
died accountant of the war department, 
Oct. 11. 1816, aged 54." 

Lear, who was a New Englander, was 
called to Mt. Vernon as tutor of the Cus- 
tis children, the grandchildren of Mrs. 
Washington. He became private secre- 
tary to Washington. Essentially all that 
has been written of the last illness and 
death of Washington is based on Lear's- 
narrative. Lear was present at the death 
scene. 

A wreath has been placed on the tomb 
this week by the Daughters of the Amer- 
ican Revolution. — (The Boston Globe, Feb- 
ruary 22, 190*5.) 

Benjamin Lincoln Lear, the son of 
Col. Tobias and Mary (Long) Lear, 
was Col. Lear's only child. He died 
in Washington in 1831. [See be- 
low.] His mother died in Philadel- 
phia in 1795, as stated in the "Ram- 
bles," first series, pages 268-269. 
She was the daughter of Col. Pierse 
Long of Portsmouth, of whom an in- 
teresting notice will be found in the 
"Rambles," first series, pages 272- 
276. 

Benjamin Lincoln Lear married Maria 
Morris, and died leaving an only daugh- 
ter, Louisa Lincoln Lear. The widow 
married Richard Derby and the daughter 
married Wilson Eyre. — ("Penhallow Fam- 
ily," Boston, 1S85, page 20.) 

Benjamin Lincoln Lear, only son of 
Col. Tobias Lear, General AVash- 
ington's private secretary, entered 
Phillips Academy. Andover, Au- 
gust 3. 1803, as from Portsmouth, N. 
H.. and registered as twelve years old. 
(I have another memorandum that 
he was born March 11, 1791.) 
Bushrod Corbin Washington, George 
Corbin Washington, John Augustine 
Washington, and Richard Henry Lee 
Washington, all grand nephews of 
Washington, entered the academy the 
same year. Washington during his 
lifetime had sent other grand neph- 
ews, Augustine and Bushrod Wash- 
ington, and Cassius and Francis 
Lightfoot Lee, with one nephew, 
Howell Lewis, to Andover, so it was 
very natural that young Lear, whose 
stepmothers were of the Washington 



Capt. Tobias Lea?' of Portsmouth 



91 



family, should be fitted for college 
there also. Benjamin L. Lear en- 
tered Harvard College, but after- 
wards was transferred to Bowdoin, 
where he graduated in 1810. He was 
a lawver in Washington, where he 
died October 1, 1832. 

(C. C. C. A. Notes and Queries, 
Boston Transcript, December 26, 
1906.) 

The "expenses" of Madam Mary 
Lear "from Portsmouth to Portland 
and from Portland to Brunswick and 
from Brunswick to Portsmouth, when 
Lincoln took his Degree at Bruns- 
wick," in "August, 1810."— $22.70— 
are entered in the latter part of the 
"Account Book" already mentioned. 

Benjamin Lincoln Lear, A. M., class of 
1810, Bowdoin College, born 11 March, 
1792, Philadelphia, Lawyer, Washington, 
died 1 October, 1832.— Bowdoin "General 
Catalogue," Brunswick, Maine, 1894. 

Lixes by B. L. Lear. 

This day we call on sacred Heaven 

To ratify our vow, 
And bind the faith that each has given 

In solemn nuptials now. 

The vow to love till death do part, 

In sickness and in health, 
To prize the treasure of the heart 

Above all other wealth. 

The selfish wish, the lonely sigh, 

Must now be sacrificed. 
And in each other's grief and joy, 

Our union realized. 

For hand in hand henceforth we go 

Unto our journey's end, 
And meet together weal or woe, 

Whichever Heaven may send. 

If we shall rightly love and live, 

All ill is half destroy'd, 
And every blessing Heaven may give 

Shall doubly be enjoyed. 

In thee I know that I shall find 

All that I value best. 
The warmest heart, the purest mind, 

"The sunshine of the breast." 

The story of Washington's call 
upon Mrs. Mary Lear, the mother 
of his secretary, then a widow, dur- 



ing his visit to Portsmouth, in 1789, 
with interesting incidents in the 
friendship of George and Martha 
Washington for Madam Lear, is told 
in Brewster's "Rambles about 
Portsmouth," first series, pages 
263-269. 

The "Rambles" describe one 
Washington relic of deep interest in 
possession of Miss Mary Lear Storer 
half a century ago, and still preserved 
in the family, which can have no like 
elsewhere. "A piece of black satin, 
of eight by ten inches, is framed and 
glassed, and around the edge, just in- 
side the frame, is a piece of narrow 
white taste." It was wrought about 
the commencement of the last century, 
in a handsome manner in Roman let- 
ters, by Mary Lear Storer, who as a 
child, in 1789, sat upon Washing- 
ton's knee during this memorable 
call. "The words were the composi- 
tion of her grandmother — the mother 
of Col. Tobias Lear." The inscrip- 
tion tells its own story: 

This is ivork'd ivith our Illustrious and 
beloved General 
GEORGE WASHINGTON'S HAIR. 
Which covered his exalted head; 
But now enrolled among the dead. 
Yet wears a crown above the skies, 
In realms of bliss which never dies. 

This is work'd loith Lady 
MARTHA WASHINGTON'S HAIR, 

Relict of our beloved General. 
I pray her honored head 
May long survive the dead; 
And when she doth her breath resign, 
May she in heaven her consort join. 
This hair was sent to Mrs. Lear, by her 
good friend Lady Washington. 

The account of the call, printed in 
Gurney's "Portsmouth Historic and 
Picturesque, " Portsmouth, 1902. and 
already been given, and pictures of 
the house and of the tombstones of 
Capt. Tobias Lear and of his mother, 
Mrs. Elizabeth (Hall) Lear, at the 
Point of Graves, may be found on 
pages 100, 104 and 105 of that work. 

The inscription on these stones, and 
also on that of Mrs. Mary Lear, are 
printed in the "New Hampshire Gen- 



92 



Capt. Tobias hear of Portsmouth 



eological Record," Dover, X. H.. 
July. 1903, Volume I. pages 18-19, 
though the date of the latter's death 
should be May, and no1 November, 
1829. 

REAR ADMIRAL STORER. 

Capt. Tobias Lear and his wife, 
Mary Stillson, had only two children: 
Tobias and Tolly. Polly Lear mar- 
ried Samuel Storer (as already 
stated), and became the mother of 
Rear Admiral George Washington 
Storer. United States Navy, born 
May 4. 1789; died January 8, 1864, 
\\>v whom Storer Post, Grand Army 
of the Republic, of Portsmouth, is 
named, and upon whose head Wash- 
ington gently placed his hand during 
the visit already mentioned and ex- 
pressed the wish that he may "be a 
better man than the one whose name 
he hears," as related in the "Ram- 
bles." 

Storer, George Washington, naval offi- 
cer, horn in Portsmouth, N. H., in 1789; 
died there 8 Jan. 1864. He entered the 
Navy as a Midshipman, l(i Jan. 1809, and 
was commissioned a Lieutenant. 24 July, 
1813. He served in the ship Independence 
on the Mediterranean station in 1815-'16, 
commanded the schooner Lynx on the 
New England coast and in the Gulf of 
Mexico in 1817, cruised in the frigates 
Congress and Java in the "West Indies in 
1818-'19, and in the frigate Constitution 



in the Mediterranean in 1820-24. He was 
commissioned Master Commandant, 24 
April, 1828, and Captain 9 Feb., 1837, 
commanded the receiving ship Constella- 
tion at Boston in 1839, the frigate Poto- 
mac of the Brazil station, in 1840-42, the 
Navy Yard at Portsmouth in 1843-'46, and 
was Commander-in-Chief of the Brazil 
squadron in 1847-50. He was on leave 
and served as member of boards, president 
of the board of inquiry, and other duty in 
1851-54. In 1855 '57 he was Governor of 
the Naval Asylum at Philadelphia. He 
was retired, 21 Dec. 1861, on account of 
age, and 'promoted to Rear Admiral on 
the Retired list. 16 July, 1862. In 1861- 
'62 he served on special duty in Brooklyn, 
after which he was unemployed for one 
year. — ( Appleton's Cyclopedia of Ameri- 
can Biography.) 

Navy Department. 
Washington, D. C, Jan. 13, 1864. 

The Department announces to the Navy 
and Marine Corps, the Death of Rear Ad- 
miral George W. Storer. He died at his 
residence in Portsmouth, N. H., on the 
morning of the 8th inst. after an honora- 
ble career in the Navy of nearly fifty -five 
years. Rear Admiral Storer was correct 
in his deportment, attached to his profes- 
sion, and devoted to his country. As an 
officer in the Navy he has served faith- 
fully, and has filled with credit many im- 
portant positions both ashore and afloat. 

As a mark of respect to his memory, it 
is hereby directed that at the Portsmouth, 
N. II. Navy Yard the Hags be hoisted at 
half-mast and thirteen minute-guns be 
fired at meridian on the day after the re- 
ceipt hereof. 

Gideon Welles. 

Secretary of flie Isavy. 



A ChM Wh® Pn®d &4 Easteff 

By Charles Henry Chesley 

Bring snowy lilies, scatter them around. 

She was as pure as day, 
And think white thoughts of God above the mound 

Where rests the earthly clay. 



It seemed a cruel fate that she should go, 

Like sun obscured at dawn, 
And yet — we bow our heads — God wills it so 

Till Resurrection morn. 



The Fa<&©iF 9 § Care 

By S. H. McCollester 

'Tis revealed to us o'er and o'er 

As time passing" hurries along 
That the Holiest and Highest 

Is holding us lovingly strong. 

'Tis not alone 'mid smiles and joy. 

Our hearts and minds grow pure and true ; 
The larger growth is in the shade 

Where pain and sorrow have their due. 

Tears oft prove glasses to the soul ; 

Sweetest love may come in despair, 
Enriching life with lasting gain 

Setting affections on things fair. 

Thus experience teaches more and more, 

As we journey on each day. 
That the light of the Father's face 

Is e'er shining upon our way. 

So amidst life's tints and shadows, 
We can hold last the Father's hand 

And he assured, through night and day, 
That He'll lead us to the Saint-Band. 

We may have a sure guide in Christ 
Who is the way, the truth, the light, 

To help us pick blossom and fruit 
From the tree of life, all bright. 

'Tis strange that any should miss His aid 

Since it is all so free and fair 
Whate'er may betide, joy or grief, 

For all need help, highest and rare. 

In Him is found the panacea 

The thought and the love to leaven, 

Fitting the soul to live truly 

And well, on earth or in Heaven. 



w M^m\p%hhe MecmEogy 



ADA L. HOWARD. 

.Miss Ada Lydia Howard, first president 
of Wellesley College, died in Brooklyn, N. 
Y.. March 3. 

She was a native of the town of Tem- 
ple, daughter of William H. and Lydia 
A. (Cowden) Howard, horn December 19, 
1S2G. She was educated at New Ipswich 
Academy, Lowell High School and Mount 
Holyoke College, graduating from the lat- 
ter in 1853, and pursuing post-graduate 
studies under private teachers. She was 
an instructor at Mount Holyoke for sev- 
eral years, for some time principal of 
the woman's department of Knox College, 
Illinois, and principal of a private school 
of her own, Ivy Hall, at Bridgeton, N. J. 
She was also for some time a member of 
the faculty of Western College at Oxford, 
Ohio. When Helen Peabody, the accom- 
plished president of the latter institution 
(also a New Hampshire woman) was in- 
vited to become president of Wellesley Col- 
lege, at the opening of the latter institu- 
tion, she declined, and recommended Miss 
Howard, who accepted, and held the po- 
sition from 1875 till 1882, when ill health 
compelled her resignation. She resided 
thereafter, for some time, at Methuen, 
Mass., but for several years past her home 
had been at 127 Amity Street, Brooklyn. 

In testimony of the affection and re- 
spect in which Miss Howard was held 
by those who had benefited by her guid- 
ance, the alumnae of the college placed a 
life-size portrait of their first president 
in the Wellesley art gallery in 1890, and 
an honor scholarship, called the Ada L. 
Howard scholarship, has been given to the 
institution. Mount Holyoke College con- 
ferred on her the degree of doctor of lit- 
erature in 1900. 

SEMANTHE MERRILL. 

Miss Semanthe Canney Merrill, born in 
Derry, December 31, 1839, died in Somer- 
ville, Mass., January 16. . 

Miss Merrill was the daughter of Aus- 
tin and Mary (Canney) Merrill. She was 
a granddaughter of Capt. Simon Merrill, 
who served in the Revolution under Stark 
and seventh in direct line from Nathaniel 
Merrill, who came from Salisbury, Eng- 
land, to Ipswich, Mass., in 1633. Among 
her paternal ancestors were Rev. Stephen 
Bachiler and Christopher Hussey; while 
on her mother's side she was descended 
from John Wheelwright and by two lines 
from Joseph Peaslee, the Quaker ancestor 
of John G. Whittier. 



She was educated at Chester and Pink- 
erton academies, and at the Adams Fe- 
male Academy, Derry, and was for eight 
years associate principal of the latter 
school. Subsequently she successfully 
conducted a private school in Greenland, 
and was later principal of the high school 
in that town, but eventually gave up 
teaching to be the companion of her 
mother in her declining years, during 
which time she wrote extensively for 
religious and Sunday-school publications. 
Some four years ago, she removed to 
Somerville, Mass., where a sister, Miss A. 
Marion Merrill, is a teacher in the Eng- 
lish High School, while another sister, 
Mrs. Stephen L. Barker, resides in Law- 
rence. She was a member of the Prospect 
Hill Congregational Church in Somerville, 
and superintendent of the home depart- 
ment of its Sunday-school. She was also 
secretary of Anne Adams Tufts Chapter, 
D. A. R., and of the Somerville Brown- 
ing Club. 

MYRA S. CHATTERTON. 

Miss Myra Smith Chatterton, born in 
Acworth, September 28. 1865, died in 
Brooklyn, N. Y.. February 11, 1907. 

Miss Chatterton was a daughter of 
Edwin S. and Sarah W. Chatterton. and 
was educated in the schools of her na- 
tive town and at Mount Holyoke and 
Barnard colleges. She entered upon the 
profession of teaching and was for two 
years lady principal of Frederick Female 
Seminary at Frederick, Maryland. Fol- 
lowing this, she was a teacher in the Bar- 
stow High School at Mattapoisett, Mass., 
for two years, and then took the position 
of teacher of biology in the Girls' High 
School at Brooklyn, which she filled with 
eminent success for fifteen years, and was 
transferred, at her own request, to the 
Morris High School in the Bronx, but a 
short time before her fatal illness. She 
was a woman of commanding presence, 
gracious manner, and strong devotion to 
her work, and held the confidence and 
esteem of her pupils in the fullest degree. 

She was a loyal daughter of her native 
town, spending her vacations at the old 
home, where she had been a member of 
the Congregational Church since 1876. 
She was a leading spirit and secretary of 
the Acworth Old Home Week Association, 
and no one contributed more than she to 
the success and pleasure of its celebra- 
tions. She was also corresponding secre- 
tary of the Biological Association of New 



New Hampshire Necrology 



95 



York City, a member of the Mount Hol- 
yoke Association of the same city, and 
had been a lecturer before the Brooklyn 
Institute of Arts and Sciences. She 
leaves three sisters, Minnie E. (also a 
successful teacher), Esther R. and Ger- 
trude M.; also one brother, Alonzo M., 
residing on the old homestead in Aeworth. 

MIRON J. HAZELTINE. 

Miron J. Hazeltine. a man of literary 
taste, and a chess authority of national 
reputation, died at his home in Thornton, 
February 24. He was born in Rumney, 
November 13, 1824. He was chess editor 
of the New York Clipper for more than 
fifty years, and possessed the most ex- 
tensive and valuable collection of works 
on chess in New England. He was a 
classical scholar of no mean repute and 
had made a metrical translation of the 
Greek poet Anacreon. 

CHARLES CUMMINGS. 

Charles Cumminss. born in Ilollis. June 
7, 1817, died at Medford, Mass., February 
28, 1907. 

He graduated from Dartmouth College 
in 1842 and from Andover Theological 
Seminary in 1846. In the latter year he 
became principal of the Medford (Mass.) 
High School, and remained in that po- 
sition for thirty years, retiring in 1876. 
He was a member of the first board of 
library trustees in Medford, and has been 
active in literary and historical work in 
his later years. He married Elizabeth L. 
Dyer of South Abington, Mass., and leaves 
one son, George D. Cummings, city auditor 
of Medford. He was a member and for a 
long time a deacon of the Mystic Congre- 
gational Church of Medford. 

SAMUEL H. FOLSOM. 

Samuel Hilliard Folsom, son of Samuel 
and Ann (Lovering) Folsom, born in Hop- 
kinton, February 23, 1826, died at Win- 
chester, Mass., February 19, 1907. 

He was a graduate of Dartmouth, of the 
class of 1851, and became principal of the 
Westford (Mass.) Academy in the latter 
year, continuing for two years. He sub- 
sequently read law in Lowell and Bos- 
ton, was admitted to the bar, and settled 
in practice at East Cambridge. For 
eleven years, from 1893 to 1904, he was 
registrar of deeds for the county of Mid- 
dlesex. He married Catherine Abbott of 
Hampton Falls, N. H., October 18, 1857. 

ADONIRAM J. ADAMS. 

Adoniram Judson Adams, who died Feb- 
ruary 18, 1907, at his home in Roxbury, 
Mass., was a native of the town of Wash- 
ington, born in 1820, and a direct de- 
scendant of John Adams, who fought at 



Bunker Hill. When fifteen years of age 
he went to Boston and engaged in a 
grocery store, working upward till in 1848, 
he held a responsible position in the firm 
of Stephen Hall & Co., wholesale 
grocers on Market Street, subsequently 
Martin L. Hall & Co., well known in the 
business world throughout New England, 
of which firm he had been the senior mem- 
ber for thirty years, at the time of his 
death. He was a leading director of the 
Fanueil Hall National Bank, and a life- 
long and active member of tbe Baptist 
Church. 

WILLIAM WELCH. 

William Welch, the oldest member of 
the Grand Army of the Republic in the 
United States, and the oldest resident of 
New Hampshire, died at the home of his 
son in East Lempster, February 2, 1907. 
He was born in St. Andrew's, New Bruns- 
wick, March 29, 1800. In June, 1842, he 
married Miss Eleanor Thompson of that 
place, and soon after came to New Hamp- 
shire. He located at Lempster and en- 
gaged in the lumber business, subse- 
quently removing to Acworth, where he 
continued several years in the same busi- 
ness, and has since lived in different 
towns in Sullivan County, with one or 
another of his children, of whom he had 
ten. He was an Odd Fellow and a Free 
Mason, having belonged to the latter fra- 
ternity seventy-seven years. 

DR. JAMES E. LOTHROP. 

James Elbridge Lothrop. a prominent 
citizen of Dover, died March 6, at the age 
of 81 years. 

Doctor Lothrop was a native of Roch- 
ester, the son of Daniel and Sophia 
(Home) Lothrop, born November 30, 
1826. His ancestors, in both lines, were 
among the early settlers of New Eng- 
land. He was educated in Rochester and 
Strafford academies, and at the Jefferson 
Medical College in Philadelphia, from 
which he graduated in 1848. He estab- 
lished drug stores in Dover, Newmarket, 
Meredith, Great Falls and Amesbury, 
Mass., under the firm name of D. Lo- 
throp & Co.. his brothers being admitted 
to partnership, and did an extensive busi- 
ness. Subsequently he engaged exten- 
sively in the clothing trade and dealt in 
musical instruments. He was also a 
member of the famous publishing house 
of D. Lothrop & Co.. of Boston. 

Doctor Lothrop had served as a mem- 
ber of the state Legislature and was for 
two terms mayor of Dover. He was 
prominently connected with the banking 
and other corporate interests of the city, 
and a leading member of the Methodist 
Church. 



;dlteff aiffld IPuaMSslhiert M®t< 



A proposition Looking to a change 
in tin' Law whereby "Patriots' Day," 
so called, being the nineteenth of 
April, shall l>»' substituted t'<>r Fast 
Day. as ;i Legal holiday, has been 
presented in each branch of tin 1 
Legislature, and, at the present writ- 
ing, remains undisposed of in the 
House. The purpose of the authors 
and supporters of this measure is to 
do away with the now absurd and 
farcical custom of the executive in ap- 
pointing a Fast Day, which is no- 
where observed in the original spirit, 
and to establish in its stead a genuine 
holiday whose observance shall be of 
real significance and appeal to the 
patriotic spirit of the people, as was 
done some years ago in Massachu- 
setts, in which state Fast Day had 
its origin in this country. While 
there is no law requiring the appoint- 
ment of a Fast Day by the governor 
in this state, we have as yet had no 
chief executive with courage enough 
to disregard the old-time custom, ab- 
surd as it has come to be, and until 
the Legislature takes some action, 
such as is proposed in this measure, 
the farce of proclaiming an annual 
day of fasting and prayer, upon 
which nobody fasts and few even 
pray, is likely to be continued. 

Notwithstanding the fact that a 
bill providing for the state certifica- 
tion of teachers was defeated recently 
in the House of Representatives — a 
fact greatly deplored by the friends 
of education throughout the state- 
there is no doubt that a growing sen- 
timent exists in New Hampshire in 
favor of more general and thorough 
preparation of teachers for their 
work, to the end that teaching shall 
become a profession in fact rather 
than a mere avocation, to be followed, 
in many cases, as a mere makeshift, 
and then abandoned for something 
more profitable or congenial. This is 
shown by the strong pressure 



brought to bear upon the Legisla- 
ture for the establishment of another 
normal school, which has resulted in 
the passage of a bill in the House of 
Representatives, authorizing such es- 
tablishment and constituting the gov- 
ernor and council and the normal 
school trustees a board, or committee, 
to carry out the work. It is sincerely 
to be hoped that the time is not far 
distant when no person can be em- 
ployed in the public schools of the 
state who has not had special train- 
ing for the work, but this, of course, 
cannot be until the facilities for ob- 
taining such training have been so in- 
creased and extended as to be fairly 
within the reach of all, as they can- 
not be with but one normal school 
and three or four city training schools 
in the state. Massachusetts, we be- 
lieve, has nine state normal schools. 
New Hampshire should have no less 
than three well-equipped institutions 
of this class, so located with refer- 
ence to each other and the state at 
large as to best convenience the en- 
tire state. 

As winter wears aw r ay and the bud- 
ding spring time approaches and peo- 
ple begin to anticipate the pleasures 
of communion with nature in her vis- 
ible forms, there comes to mind the re- 
cently published book by Miss Fran- 
ces M. Abbott of this city, entitled 
"Birds and Flowers About Concord, 
New Hampshire," a neat little duo- 
decimo volume, whose scope is indi- 
cated by its title, and whose value 
and interest is guaranteed by the 
name of the author, to all people of 
Concord and vicinity, at least. In 
addition to the interesting descrip- 
tive chapters. Miss Abbott presents in 
this book a classified list of 110 dif- 
ferent birds observed by herself in 
this vicinity, and ninety-one observed 
by others ; also a list of 540 species of 
flowering plants belonging to eighty 
families. Sent postpaid by the au- 
thor to any address, for $1. 




HON. BERTRAM ELLIS. 
Speaker of the House 






* '*' ; 



• 



The Granite Monthly 



Vol. XXXIX, No. 4 



APRIL, 1907 



A 



» 



By A. Chester Clark 



New Series, \ <>l. 2, No. 4, 

if m 



The New Hampshire Legislature of 
1907 met on the first Tuesday in Jan- 
uary facing an unusual amount of re- 
sponsibility, with much work already 
in sight for it to do, and with the eyes 
of the state fastened upon it in closer 
and more interested scrutiny than had 
been the case for many years previ- 
ous. 

The fact that there had been no 
choice by the people for governor in 
the election of the previous November 
devolved the choice of a chief execu- 
tive upon this General Court, and the 
expiration of the term of United 
States Senator Henry E. Burnham 
gave the Legislature the power of 
naming a man to sit for six years 
from March. 1907, in the upper 
branch of the American Congress at 
Washington. 

The platform pledges of both po- 
litical parties seemed to give assur- 
ance of considerable reform legisla- 
tion, and it was thought that the like- 
lihood of the fulfillment of these 
promises was strengthened by the 
choice as members of the Legislature 
of two score members of the much 
vaunted Lincoln Republican Club of 
New Hampshire. The unusually 
large Democratic vote for governor 
had carried with it the election to 
each branch of the Legislature of 
more minority members than had 
been the case in the recent past, and 
this, too, was held to indicate the 
probability of a lively session. 

When the two bodies came together 
for organization, with large Republi- 
can majorities in both branches, it 



was found that the majority in the 
Senate was unanimous in its desire 
that the only lawyer in its member- 
ship, John Scammon of Exeter, 
should accept the presidency of the 
upper branch. This he did, and 
while his acceptance of the position 
forced him to make up the commit- 
tees on the judiciary and revision of 
laws without a lawyer upon either of 
them, no harm came from this un- 
usual situation. President Scammon 
proved an ideal presiding officer and, 
in co-operation with him, the entire 
Senate worked with less debate than 
most of its predecessors, but with 
great efficiency. 

In the House Republican caucus 
there was a contest for the speaker- 
ship nomination between Hon. Ber- 
tram Ellis of Keene, a former presi- 
dent of the Senate, and Col. Walter 
Scott of Dover, a useful member of 
the judiciary committee at the session 
of 1905. Mr. Ellis won and vindi- 
cated the choice of the House by pre- 
siding with the utmost fairness and 
courtesy and by displaying a thor- 
ough acquaintance with parliament- 
ary law and a notable diligence in at- 
tendance and devotion to duty. 

The Democrats honored one of their 
time-tried party members, Doctor 
Towle of Deerfield, by making him 
chairman of their party caucus, and 
one of their younger but most gifted 
representatives, William A. Plummer, 
Esq., of Laconia, by giving him 
their complimentary nomination for 
speaker. 



10(1 



The Legislature of 1U07 



Ajtother Demot-rnt . Representative 
William J. Ahern of Concord, Ward 
Nine, was the virtual tloor leader of 
the House throughout the session, his 
committee room and open session ex- 
perience of many terms, and his ex- 
perl acquaintance with parliamentary 
law, and instant grasp of tangled sit- 
uations, making him a member whose 
service was almost invaluable. 

On the Republican side the leader- 



chairmanship of appropriations, were 
in disgreement during most of the 
session; William F. Nason of Dover, 
whose choice as chairman of the House 
Republican caucus would have en- 
titled him by precedent to a certain 
degree of leadership, did not choose 
to assume it, but William F. Whitcher 
of Haverhill, who enjoyed the distinc- 
tion of serving for a fourth consecu- 
tive term as a member of the judici- 




Hon. John Scammon, 
President of the Senate 



ship and responsibility were divided 
to an unusual extent. Ex-Congress- 
man Henry M. Baker of Bow, whose 
long and honorable political record 
was duly recognized by his appoint- 
ment as chairman of the House judi- 
ciary committee, and James E. 
French of Moultonborough, the long- 
time head of the railroad committee, 
promoted at this session to the 



ary committee, as frequently essayed 
the function of leadership as any ma- 
jority member. 

But, if acknowledged leaders were 
somewhat lacking, the rank and file of 
the House membership averaged the 
best in years and an unusual number 
of young men, new men, men of prom- 
ise, received their initiation into busi- 
ness under the dome. The City of 



The Legislature of 1907 



101 



Concord contributed several of these 
and had on the whole a splendid rep- 
resentation in the Legislature. The 
town of Milford sent three men who 
would be a credit to any legislative 



lie and private legislation, and killed 
something mor>> than the same num- 
ber of proposed acts and joint reso- 
lutions. Its special appropriations 
aggregated half a million dollars, and 




Hon. Henry M. Baker, 
Chairman of the Judiciary Committee 



body anywhere. And instances like 
this could be multiplied. 

The Legislature was in session for 
fourteen weeks, the longest active life 
of any General Court since that of 
1891, which was in session exactly the 
same length of time. It passed 293 
acts and resolves, including both pub- 



it refused propositions for the ex- 
penditure of three or four times that 
amount. 

Early in its session the House of 
Representatives directed its committee 
on retrenchment and reform to inves- 
tigate the various state offices, bureaus 
and departments, and it named a 



L02 



The Legi*l<tfur< of 1007 



special committee i<> study the work- 
ings of the license Law and its ad- 
ministration by the state license com- 
mission. 

Tlie latter committee, after a lew 
hearings, reported thai it had no 
changes to recommend in the law or 
its execution;, but the com mil tee on re- 
trenchment ami reform had an oppo- 
site experience, and in a lengthy re- 



and a law was enacted which it would 
seem will largely do away with the 
barter and sale in "proxies" at po- 
litical conventions. The scope of the 
caucus law was somewhat extended, 
and a direct primary proposal was 
beaten in the House by only eight 
votes, indicating that the people are 
getting waked up on this line. 

A pure food law. in line with the 




■William J. Ahern. 
Member of Appropriations Committee 



port, recommended many possible and 
desirable economies in expenditure 
and improvements in service. These 
recommendations it embodied in bills, 
and it is to be regretted that so few 
of them succeeded in becoming laws. 

Some genuine progress was made, 
however, on broader lines of reform. 
A state transportation contract was 
substituted for the long-standing leg- 
islative and official free railroad pass, 



national statute, was enacted, the 
manufacture and sale of adulterated 
ice cream was prohibited and sani- 
tary regulations for barber shops were 
laid down. 

While franchise taxation and a di- 
rect inheritance tax were turned 
down, the collateral inheritance law 
was perfected and express companies 
and dining, sleeping and parlor cars 
were taxed. 



The Legislature of li)0\ 



103 



A good deal of proposed labor legis- 
lation was killed, but the long fought 




William F. Whitcher. 
Member of Judiciary Committee 

for 58-hour law was finally enacted. 
Few were chosen for passage out of 
the mass of insurance bills submitted, 
and the same may be said of the pro- 
posals for the amendment of the li- 
cense law. Some desirable amend- 
ments were made to the good roads 
law, and a state highway from Nashua 
to Laconia up the Merrimack valley 
was authorized. 

While it failed to build a new state 
house, to establish a new normal 
school or to erect a statue to Franklin 
Pierce, the Legislature was fairly gen- 
erous in its treatment of the educa- 
tional and charitable interests of the 
state, and showed commendable pub- 
lic spirit in its appropriations to com- 
bat the moth plagues, for the repre- 
sentation of Xew Hampshire at the 
Jamestown Exposition, and for a sil- 
ver service to be presented to the 
battleship New Hampshire now build- 
ing. 

During the recent session there was 
no more influential member of the 



upper branch than lion. George H. 
Saltmarsh, senator from the fourth 
district. As chairman of the com- 
mittee on railroads, he lias been in 
charge of a number of important 
measures, while he has also served as 
chairman of the committee on state 
hospital, and as a member of the com- 
mittees on banks and public improve- 
ments. 

Senator Saltmarsh is a native of 
Gilford, where he was born, March 3 ; 
1859. His preparatory education 
was obtained at the Xew Hampton 
Literary Institution, which has prob- 
ably prepared more Xew Hampshire 
men of prominence for their life- 
work than any similar institution in 
the state. From Xew Hampton he 
went to Dartmouth Medical College, 
from which institution he received the 
degree of M. D. in 1883. Since that 
time he has practised his profession 
in Lakeport, where he has built up 
an extensive and lucrative practice. 

In politics, Senator Saltmarsh is a 




Hon. George H. Saltmarsh. 
Senator, District A T o. 4 

Republican, and he has served his 
party in many important positions. 



104 



The Legislature of 1907 



Although not a seeker after public of- 
fice he had been called upon previ- 
ously to represent his ward in the 
Legislature of 1895- '96, and has for 
some time served as city physician of 
Laconia. At the last election he was 
nominated for senator by his party 
and won out at the polls by the larg- 



partisan sense. This has been accom- 
plished by the untiring efforts of such 
men as Hon. Herbert 0. Hadley of 
Peterborough, senator from the fif- 
teenth district. Air. Hadley has been 
for thirty years a member of the or- 
ganization and has served as master 
of Miller Grange of Temple, master 




Hon. Herbert O. Hadley, 
Senator, District No. 15 



est majority given a candidate for 
senator in the state. 

Senator Saltmarsh is an Odd Fel- 
low, a Knight of Pythias, a member 
of the Xew Hampshire Medical So- 
ciety, of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation and a number of other organ- 
izations. 



The Grange in New Hampshire has 
become a power in public affairs dur- 
ing the past twenty years, although 
not a political organization in any 



of Hillsborough County Pomona, six 
years as assistant steward, two years 
as overseer, and three years as mas- 
ter of the State Grange, which latter 
position he now holds. 

In the Senate he was accorded the 
unusual distinction, for a minority 
member, of an appointment to the 
chairmanship of an important com- 
mittee — that of agriculture — for 
which position he was eminently well 
qualified, and in which he rendered 
valuable service, besides serving on 



The Legislature of 190', 



105 



several other, important eomittittaps, 
He was complimented by his party 
associates in the Senate with the nom- 
ination for president, and was fre- 
quently called to the chair during the 
session. 

Senator Hadley is a Democrat. 
His personal popularity and the con- 
fidence repcsed in him by his fellow 
citizens is evidenced by the fact that 
he is now representing a district nor- 
mally Republican by a majority of 
800. He has previously been success- 
ful at the polls, having been elected 
for three successive terms as a mem- 
ber of the board of selectmen of Tem- 
ple, receiving every vote cast each 
time. In 1895 he was elected to the 
House and in 1902 he served as a mem- 
ber of the Constitutional Convention. 
For many years he has represented 
his county on the board of agricul- 
ture. 

Senator Haclley was born in Peter- 
borough, November 20, 1855. His ed- 
ucation was obtained in the public 
schools at Sharon and Temple. For 
many years he was an extensive 
farmer in the latter town, but during 
the past two years he has resided in 
Peterborough and has devoted his at- 
tention to auctioneering when not en- 
gaged in Grange work. 

Besides the Grange he has affiliated 
himself with the Masons and the Odd 
Fellows. His religious connections 
are with the Congregationalists. 

Senator Hadley is married and has 
one daughter. 



Oliver H. Toothaker, Republican 
representative from ward 1. Berlin, 
is a native of the state of Maine, born 
in the town of Harpswell in 1877. 
He was educated in the town schools 
of Harpswell and Brunswick, the 
Latin School and Bates College at 
Lewiston, being graduated from the 
latter in the class of 1898. During 
his school and college course he was 
engaged from time to time in teach- 
ing and newspaper work and his first 
year out of college was spent in the 
same lines. 



Mr. Toothaker came to New Hamp- 
shire in 1899, becoming principal of 
the Antrim High School, where he re- 
mained for three years. In 1902 he 
went to Berlin and bought the Berlin 
Reporter, of which he became editor 
and proprietor. Since that time he 
has bought two other printing offices 
in the "Paper City" and combined 
them all so that he now has one of the 
best equipped plants of its kind in the 
state. 

In Berlin he has been much inter- 
ested in municipal affairs and has 




Oliver H. Toothaker. 
Chairman Committee on Normal School 

been for three years a member of the 
board of education. Last fall he was 
made a member of the Republican 
state committee. 

He is a member of Sabatis Lodge of 
Masons and the Royal Arcanum. 
His church affiliation is with the 
Presbyterians. 

In the present House Mr. Tooth- 
aker is chairman of the committee on 
normal school and also a member of 
the joint committee on engrossed bills. 
He has been recognized as one of the 
"North Country's" most influential 



KM) 



The Legislature of 1907 



members and, while no1 particularly 
active on the floor, when he has spoken 
his remarks have been clean-cut and 
to the point. He has been especially 
interested in educational and la- 
bor measures. 



Charles S. Emerson, representative 
from Milford, was born in that town 
on April 2. 1866. lie was educated 



en1 time vice-president of the Gran- 
ite Savings Bank and the Milford 
Building and Loan Association. 

In politics Mr. Emerson is a 
staunch Republican and has been re- 
peatedly honored by election to vari- 
ous town offices, having' served as au- 
ditor, supervisor of check lists, mod- 
erator of the school district, and also 
on the board of water commissioners. 




Charles S. Emerson, 
Chairman Committee on Public Improvements] 



in the public schools of Milford, later 
attended Cushing Academy at Ash- 
burnham, Mass., and afterwards 
taught school for a brief period. 
He is now a member of the 
firm of Emerson & Son, dealers in 
house furnishing goods, in his native 
town. Although his mercantile con- 
nections have taken much of his time, 
he has still been enabled to interest 
himself in banking, being at the pres- 



At the last election he was elected a 
member of the Legislature by a large 
majority, and has served as chairman 
of the committee on public improve- 
ments and as a member of the special 
committee on Journal of the House. 
During the session he has taken an ac- 
tive part in the consideration of many 
important measures on the floor of 
the House, and has been repeatedly 
called to the chair by Speaker Ellis, 



The Legislature of 1907 



107 



where he has presided in a most ef- 
ficient manner. 

Mr. Emerson is one of the most 
prominent Odd Fellows in the state. 
On February 20, 1888, he became a 
member of Custos Morum Lodge. I. 0. 
0. F., of Milford, and soon passed 
all the chairs in that body. Six years 
later, after having served as district 
deputy grand master, he was elected 



the nomination of Senator Henry E. 
Burnham in the Republican caucus 
and acquitted himself with credit 
upon that as well as on all other oc- 
casions. 



By an amendment to the state con- 
stitution recommended by the Con- 
stitutional Convention of 1902 and 
adopted the following year by the 




**#■* 




Joseph S. Matthews, 
Chairman Committee on Ways and Meayis 



grand master of the grand lodge of 
the state, an office which he filled with 
much credit to himself and great 
benefit to the organization. He is 
also a member and past chief patri- 
arch of Prospect Hill Encampment 
and of Custos Morum Rebekah Lodge, 
both of Milford, and Canton A of 
Nashua. 

Mr. Emerson was selected to second 



people, many new avenues of public 
revenue were opened up. The state 
has since that time been extremely 
lax in availing itself of its opportun- 
ity, but during the recent session the 
subject was taken up with much 
energy by the committee on ways and 
means of which Joseph S. Matthews, 
representative from ward 4, Con- 
cord, was chairman. This com- 



KIN 



The Legislature of 190\ 



mittee was confronted with many dif- 
ficult problems, such as are always 
presented when any constructive Legis- 
lation is to be enacted. But Mr. 
Matthews has made an extensive 
study of the subject and has become 
thoroughly conversant with the 
methods of taxation in this and other 
states, and his knowledge proved in- 
valuable in the work of the commit- 
tee and upon the floor of the House. 
It is largely due to him that the bills 
for the taxation of express companies 
and of parlor, dining and sleeping 
cars, and the bill providing for the ap- 
pointment of a commission to be ap- 
pointed by the governor during the 
present year to make an investigation 
into the entire system of taxation and 
recommend to the next Legislature 
such changes as is deemed to be for 
the public good, have become laws. 

Mr. Matthews is a native of 
Franklin, where he was born Decem- 
ber 21, 1861. He was educated in the 
Franklin High School, from which he 
graduated in 1879, and at Dartmouth 
College, from which institution he re- 
ceived the degree of A. B. with the 
class of 1884. He is an attorney at 
law in practice in the Capital City, 
where he has built up an extensive 
and lucrative business. That he en- 
joys the confidence of his associates is 
evidenced not only by the fact that 
he has held many positions in politi- 
cal life, but by the fact that he has 
settled many large estates and is now 
trustee of several. 

Mr. Matthews is a Republican in 
politics and has served two terms in 
the Concord Board of Aldermen. He 
was at one time a non-commissioned 
officer in the New Hampshire Na- 
tional Guard on the staff of Col. True 
Sanborn. At the present time he is 
employed as a special attorney for 
the state in all litigation growing ont 
of the inheritance tax, and to assist 
the state treasurer in its collection. 

He is a member of the Wonolancet 
Club, Concord, and the New Hamp- 
shire Club. Boston. 



lion. Ezra (). Pinkham was one of 
the six Democrats to be elected to the 
Senate at the last election, his district 
being the twenty-third, in which the 
contest is always a close one. His 
election comes as a particular distinc- 
tion inasmuch as he is new r in public 
office, having never before held any 
important political position. 

'Senator Pinkham was born in 
Dover, in which city he now resides, 
May 21, 1869. He was educated in 
that city, graduating from the Dover 
High School in 1888. Like eighteen 
out of the twenty-four members of the 
Senate, he is a Mason, having been for 
a number of years a member of Moses 
Paul Lodge, A. F. and A. M. of Dover. 
He is also a member of Alpha Coun- 
cil, Royal Arcanum of Portsmouth, 




Hon. Ezra O. Pinkham, 
Senator, District Vo. 23 

Piscataqua Grange, P. of H., of New- 
ington, Mercedes Aerie, F. 0. E., of 
Portsmouth, and of the Albuquerque 
Club at Dover. 

Senator Pinkham is an experienced 
accountant, having served a number 
of firms as bookkeeper. He is a Uni- 
tarian in religious belief; is married 
and has five children. 



The Legislature of 1907 



109 



During the session, Senator Pink- 
ham has served upon the committees 
on banks, towns and parishes, elec- 
tions and fisheries and game. 



One of the most influential mem- 
bers of the House was Prof . James A. 
Tufts of Exeter, chairman of the 
committee on education. This is Pro- 
fessor Tufts 's second term in the 
Legislature, and while his work dur- 



education was obtained. He pre- 
pared for college at Phillips Exeter 
Academy, and later was graduated 
from Harvard University. He has 
for many years been connected with 
the former institution as professor of 
English. His duties as a member of 
the faculty of Phillips Exeter have 
been arduous, yet he has been able to 
find time to devote much attention to 
other matters. lie is a valuable mem- 




Prof. James A. Tufts. 
Chairman Committee on Education 



ing the session of 1905 was of a high 
order, his efficiencv has increased 
with experience so that it can now be 
said that along lines in which he in- 
terested himself, no other man ex- 
erted a greater or more wholesome in- 
fluence than he. 

Professor Tufts is a native of the 
town of Alstead, where he was born 
April 26, 1855, and where his early 



ber of the American Dialect Society, 
the Modern Language Association of 
America, and the American Philologi- 
cal Association, in all of which he has 
exerted the same power as in the 
halls of legislation. A Unitarian in 
religious belief, he has associated him- 
self with the American Unitarian As- 
sociation. 

Professor Tufts is a Republican in 



110 



The Legislature of 100] 



politics, and although interested in 
the civic betterment of the commun- 
ity, he has never sought political pre- 
ferment, and his election as a mem- 
ber of the House of 1905 and the 
present House of 1907 was a distinct 
tribute to his good citizenship and not 
to his partisanship. He has held a 
number of semi-public positions, such 
as trustee of the Exeter public li- 



of Milford. In the modern Legisla- 
ture, committee work is oftentimes re- 
garded as much more essential than 
that upon the floor, and Mr. Wad- 
leigh's service as clerk of the commit- 
tee on revision of statutes was effi- 
cient and painstaking. But he will 
be remembered by his associates more 
on account of his eloquent and ef- 
fective participation in debate. He 




Fred T. Wadleigh. 
Member of Committee on Revision of Statutes 



brary, trustee of Robinson Female 
Seminary, and treasurer of the Ex- 
eter Unitarian Church. He is now 
secretary of the Association of New 
England Alumni of Phillips Exeter 
Academy. 

None of the younger members of 
the lower house has made for himself 
a better reputation in the halls of 
legislation than has Fred T. Wadleigh 



has gained the reputation of being 
one of the most ready debaters in re- 
cent legislatures. 

Mr. Wadleigh comes of old New 
Hampshire stock, his mother being the 
daughter of the late Rev. J. D. Til- 
ton, at one time settled in Milford. 
His paternal great-grandfather, 
James Wadleigh, was a soldier in the 
Revolutionary War, being present at 
the surrender of General Burgoyne 



The Legislature of 190\ 



111 



at Saratoga. After the war had 
closed, he became one of the earliest 
settlers in the town of Sanbornton, 
and the family resided there for more 
than a century. It was in that town, 
upon the ancestral homestead, that 
Mr. Wadleigh was born on November 
2, 1870. When a young man, he en- 
tered the New Hampton Literary In- 
stitution, and was graduated in the 



in the session a bill providing for a 
direct primary law in the state and 
although this bill was a radical 
change from the present caucus sys- 
tem, it came within a few votes of 
passage in the House. He has served 
the town of Milford as a member of 
the board of water commissioners for 
three years, being chairman of the 
board last year, and at the last elec- 




tion. Charles Gale Shedd, 
Senator, District No. 13 



class of 1891 as valedictorian. He 
first engaged in teaching, but business 
life seeming more congenial, he en- 
tered the Ober Clothing House at Mil- 
ford, and for nearly fifteen years has 
continued with the same firm. In 
politics, Mr. Wadleigh is a Republi- 
can, and has during the session made 
a reputation for devotion to the prin- 
ciples of that party as enunciated in 
their platform. He introduced early 



tion received the largest vote of any 
candidate upon the ticket in his town. 
He is a member of Custos Morum 
Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., and of the First 
Baptist Church. 

The Senate has had a most efficient 
and able worker in Hon. Charles Gale 
Shedd of Keene, who represented the 
thirteenth district. At the opening 
of the session, Senator Shedd was 



112 



The Legislature of 190] 



elected temporary chairman and pre- 
sided with such grace, dignity, fair- 
ness and efficiency that he lias been 
repeatedly called to the chair by 
President Scammon to preside during 
the consideration of important meas- 
ures and was elected president pro 
tern, at the time President Scammon 
became acting governor during the ab- 
sence from the state of Governor 
Floyd. Senator Shedd has also done 
faithful work as chairman of the com- 
mittee on public health and a mem- 
ber of the committees on judiciary, on 
claims, on elections and on state hos- 
pital. 

Senator Shedd was born in South 
Wallingford, Vt,, May 18, 1865. 
He was educated in the public 
schools of Keene, to which city he re- 
moved in early life with his parents. 
He was graduated from the high 
school in 1881. 

In politics he has been active for a 
great many years, contributing to 
whatever movement has seemed to be 
for the benefit of the Republican 
party. He has been honored by an 
election to the lower' House, repre- 
senting ward 1, and has held numer- 
ous city offices. Always popular 
among his associates, he has become a 
member of a large number of organ- 
izations, and in each of these he has 
been honored by elevation to the most 
important positions whenever his time 
would allow. 

His secret society connections are 
mainly with the Masonic order, in 
which he has received every degree 
ever conferred, being a member of 
Special Friends Lodge, F. and A. M., 
Cheshire Royal Arch Chapter, St. 
John's Council and Hugh DePayens 
Commandery of Keene, Edward A. 
Raymond Consistory of Nashua and 
Bektash Temple of the Mystic Shrine, 
Concord, and a year ago received 
the coveted thirty-third degree in the 
northern Masonic jurisdiction. At 
the present time he is serving as 
grand king of the grand chapter, R. 
A. M., of New Hampshire. He is a 
member of several patriotic organiza- 



tions, including the New Hampshire 
Society, Sons of the American Revo- 
lution, of which he is now president, 
and the Sons of Veterans. Being lib- 
eral in all his opinions, he has been 
attracted to the Unitarian Church. 



The conservative people of ^Sew 
Hampshire have seldom made such a 
radical change in political alignment 
as occurred in the sixth senatorial dis- 
trict at the last election, which re- 
sulted in the triumphant election of 
Charles 0. Downing, Democrat, over 











™ 






Hi 


W j - 


B JgjSs 








\ J 





Hon. Charles O. Downing, 
Senator, District No. 6 

Joseph F. Smith, for many years one 
of the most powerful factors in Bel- 
knap County politics. In the previ- 
ous election, Hon. Frederick A. 
Holmes, Republican, was elected by a 
majority of 946. At the last election, 
Senator Downing went into the posi- 
tion by a plurality of 332 votes. 

This almost unprecedented record 
came not only as the result of Mr. 
Downing 's popularity, but of the un- 
bounded confidence in his honesty and 
integrity which is shared by political 
friend and foeman alike. He has 



The Legislature of 190\ 



113 



previously held important offices, hav- 
ing - been elected to the Laconia city 
council and to the House of Repre- 
sentatives of 1905. 

Senator Downing was "born in 
Wentworth, May 15, 1866, where he 
received his education in the common 
schools. For nearly twenty years he 
has been a salesman for Denis O'Shea, 
proprietor of a leading department 
store of Laconia. He is a Mason and 



preside over these institutions, but to 
the wisdom of our legislators in fram- 
ing laws, rendering them sound and 
substantial. Among the men who 
have exerted a broad influence in both 
respects, Alvin B. Cross of Concord, 
chairman of the committee on banks, 
holds a prominent place. The ap- 
pointment of Mr. Cross was certainly 
a wise one, for both by experience and 
natural aptitude he is able to view in 




Alvin B. Cross, 
Chairman Committee on Bank? 



an Elk, and a member of the A. 0. 
U. W. He was married June 14, 
1893, to Miss Gertie Whipple Somes, 
a granddaughter of the late Col. 
Thomas J. Whipple. They have one 
daughter. 



The remarkable confidence in which 
the banks of New Hampshire are held 
by the people is due not only to the 
conservative men of integrity who 



the proper light proposed legislation, 
passing by that which would result in 
weakening the standing of the banks 
themselves on the one hand and ac- 
cepting such wise provisions as will 
strengthen them on the other. Dur- 
ing the session many important 
changes in the banking laws were sug- 
gested, and it is a tribute to the legis- 
lative ability of Mr. Cross that so 
wisely were these propositions han- 



114 



The Legislature of 100\ 



died, that not a murmur of dissatis- 
faction is heard from any legitimate 
source. 

Mr. Cross was born in the neigh- 
boring town of Wilmot, July 4, 1858. 
The foundation for his education was 
laid in the common schools of that 
town and in the local academy, sup- 
plemented by a thorough training un- 
der a private tutor. When but 
twenty-one years of age, although the 
town was strongly Democratic and he 
a Republican, he was chosen super- 
intendent of schools. 

From early life he has been inter- 
ested in financial affairs, devoting 
particular attention to banking. For 
many years he was connected with the 
National State Capital Bank of Con- 
cord, retiring to accept a position 
with A. B. Leach & Co., New York, 
bankers and dealers in investment se- 
curities. His territory includes the 
states of New Hampshire and Ver- 
mont, and during the time which he 
has been connected with this com- 
pany, he has by virtue of the great 
confidence placed in his judgment and 
integrity, built up a large and pros- 
perous business. He is also a trus- 
tee of the John H. Pearson fund and 
of the Franklin Evans and other large 
estates, handling in this connection 
many hundred thousands of dollars 
annually. He is also president of the 
Concord Building and Loan Associ- 
ation, which has the distinction of be- 
ing the largest institution of its kind 
in the state of New Hampshire, a di- 
rector in the Mount Washington Bail- 
road Co., and treasurer of the N. H. 
Home Missionary Society, in which 
he takes much interest. 

Mr. Cross is a Mason of the Knight 
Templar degree and also belongs to 
the Mystic Shrine. 



Walter M. Lang, representative 
from ward 3, Manchester, and 
chairman of the committee on insur- 
ance, in the House of Representatives, 
was born in Canada, January 20, 
1867, and educated at the Magog 



Academy and Normal School. Since 
coming to I he slates, he has interested 
himself in life insurance, becoming 
one of the most prominent life in- 
surance men of New Hampshire. He 
is now slate manager for the Pru- 
dential insurance Co. of America, be- 
Lng in full charge of the immense 
business which that company is car- 
rying on here. 

Mr. Lang is a Republican in poli- 




Walter M. Lang, 
Chairman Committee on Insurance 

tics and has served as a member of 
the Manchester city council. His ap- 
pointment to the chairmanship of the 
committee on insurance by Speaker 
Ellis was a deserved tribute to his 
ability and wide knowledge of insur- 
ance matters. 

Mr. Lang is a member of all 
branches of the Order of Odd Fel- 
lows and is at present serving as dis- 
trict deputy grand master for dis- 
trict No. 8, the largest in the state. 
He is also a Patron of Husbandry and 
a member of the Calumet Club of 
Manchester. 

Mr. Lang is a Christian Scientist 
in religious belief ; is married and has 
one child. 



The Legislature of 1907 



115. 



Speaker Ellis made an excellent 
choice when he selected Hon. Robert 
Perkins Bass, representative from 
Peterborough, for chairman of the 
committee on retrenchment and re- 
form. The important matters which 
have from time to time come to the 
attention of this committee have been 
such that no one could have properly 
handled them who was not conversant 



defended the position of his commit- 
tee in a number of speeches, and al- 
ready his work is bearing the fruit of 
his faithful labors. 

Mr. Bass was born in Chicago, Sep- 
tember 1, 1873, and contrary to the 
mandate of Horace Greeley, came 
East instead of following the course 
of the setting sun. He was fitted for 
college in the schools of Boston, and. 




Robert P. Bass, 
Chairman Committee on Retrenchment and Reform 



with public affairs and willing to de- 
vote much time to their consideration. 
All of these matters, including the in- 
vestigation into the conduct of state 
departments, have been handled by 
this committee in an impartial man- 
ner, and the exhaustive reports fur- 
nish material for reforms that must 
be of great benefit to the state. Upon 
the floor of the House, Mr. Bass has 



was graduated from Harvard Uni- 
versity in 1896. He afterward stud- 
ied for a year in the Harvard Gradu- 
ate School and attended the Harvard 
Law School. The illness of his father 
made it necessary for him to forego 
practice of his profession, and for 
some time he was in charge of his fa- 
ther's business in Chicago. He is 
now a resident of Peterborough, 



116 



The Legislature of 1907 



where he resides with his mother, 
and operates the farm which the fam- 
ily purchased in 1888. 

In politics he is a Republican and 
was elected to the Legislature of 1905, 
being prevented from attending on 
account of illness, lie was re-elected 
at the last election. Mr. Bass has for 
many years been interested in prac- 
tical forestry, and in <) -tuber, 1906, 



Chichester, born July 10, 1865. He 
was reared on a farm, and educated 
in the public schools and at Pena- 
cook Academy, paying his own way 
through three years' attendance at 
the latter. At the age of nineteen he 
went to Minnesota, where he attended 
the state normal school at Winona for 
a time, subsequently taught school, 
and later engaged in the shoe business 




Hon. Fred N. Marden. 
Senator, District No. 10 



was appointed by Governor McLane a 
member of the board of forestry com- 
missioners, which position he still 
holds. 



The tenth senatorial district, made 
up of wards 2, 4, 5, 6 and 9 of the 
City of Concord, was represented this 
year, for the first time in its history, 
by a Democrat, in the person of Hon. 
Fred N. Marden of ward 9. Mr. 
Marden is a native of the town of 



in Wisconsin, representing a Mil- 
waukee firm at Madison. Returning 
East, he located in Concord in 1890, 
where he has since resided and been 
actively engaged in the shoe trade, for 
some years past a member of the firm 
of Marden & Drake. 

Mr. Marden has been an active 
worker in the Democratic ranks and 
has held the office of moderator in 
ward 9 since the ward was organized. 
He has been three times his party's 



The Legislature of 1907 



117 



candidate for sheriff of Merrimack 
County, coming close to an election 
in 1902 and always running far ahead 
of his ticket. His great personal 
popularity was strikingly demon- 
strated by his election last November 
to the Senate by ninety majority over 
the ablest Republican in the district, 
Hon. Samuel C. Eastman, though his 
majority in the vote for sheriff in the 



ficer. He takes special pride in the 
fact that he stood squarely by his con- 
victions to the last in the celebrated 
Spaulding, Jones charter contest and 
gave the measure his hearty support. 
He was also a member of one of the 
two conference committees appointed 
during the session. 

Mr. Marden is affiliated with nu- 
merous fraternal 



organizations, 



m- 




Hon. Hamilton T. Howe, 
Senator, District No. 3 



same wards in 1902 was about the 
same. 

He took an active part in the de- 
liberations of the Senate, serving upon 
the committees on state prison, indus- 
trial school, incorporations, revision 
of the laws, fisheries and game and 
the joint committee on state house and 
state house park. He was several 
times called to the chair, demonstrat- 
ing much aptness as a presiding of- 



cluding the Masons. Odd Fellows, 
Knights of Pythias. Red Men, Patrons 
of Husbandry and various others. He 
is married and has two children, a 
son and a daughter. 



For the past twenty years few citi- 
zens of Grafton County have been 
better known than Hon. Hamilton T, 
Howe, member of the Senate from dis- 



118 



The Legislature of 1907 



trict number 3. He has held public 
office for many years, making a rec- 
ord for efficiency in every position. 
For the past fourteen years he has 
been a deputy sheriff and for ten 
years served his town as moderator. 
He has had two terms in the lower 
house of the Legislature, the first in 
1901. During the session of 1903 he 
was chairman of the committee on 
School for the Feeble-Minded and de- 
veloped a wide influence in legislative 
matters. At the last election he was 
elected to the Senate by a large ma- 
jority after a warm contest, and has 
served as chairman of the committee 
on elections and as a member of the 
committees on revision of laws, on la- 
bor, on roads, bridges and canals and 
state prison and industrial school. 

Senator Howe is one of the many 
prominent men in New Hampshire 
who have been contributed to our 
state by our sister commonwealth of 
Vermont, having been born at Thet- 
ford, in the latter state, April 29, 
1849. His education was obtained in 
the public schools of his native town. 
Many years ago he came to Hanover 
and has since been a prominent factor 
in the business affairs of the town. 
For a long time he conducted the 
Wheelock Hotel, connected with Dart- 
mouth College, and was known as the 
Hanover Inn. As proprietor of the 
H. T. Howe Coach, Livery and Trans- 
fer Co., he has carried on the most 
extensive livery business in the state 
and has acquired a reputation for 
courtesy wherever Dartmouth College 
students have gone. Although busily 
engaged in the management of this 
business, he has developed the Grass- 
land stock farm, one of the finest in 
the state. 

Senator Howe is a Republican, and 
has always given his party his indi- 
vidual support. For twelve years he 
was president of the Hanover Repub- 
lican Club and has been largely re- 
sponsible for the big Republican ma- 
jorities given by the town without ex- 
ception to the state and county tickets 
of that party. 



There was no more hard-working 
or painstaking member of the House 
than William S. Pierce, represent- 
ative from ward 2, Dover. During 
the entire session, Mr. Pierce was a 
valuable addition to the membership, 
both in committee and upon the floor 
of the House. During the debates 
upon such important matters as the 
taxation of railroads and the aboli- 
tion of the free pass, he showed a 
broad knowledge of public affairs and 
a devotion to the public welfare com- 
mendable in the extreme. In his 
speech upon railroad taxation espe- 




William S. Pierce, 
Chairman Committee on Elections 

daily, he showed himself to be a mas- 
ter of the entire situation and carried 
great influence with the House. 

Mr. Pierce is a native of the neigh- 
boring state of Maine having been 
born at Highland, June 15, 1852. He 
was educated at the Eaton School in 
Norridgewock, at the Maine Central 
Institute, Pittsfield, and at the State 
Normal School at Farmington. For 
some years after he had completed 
his education, he followed the pro- 
fession of teaching. He then turned 
his attention to the study of law and 



The Legislature of 1907 



119 



was admitted to the New Hampshire 
bar. Since that time he has been a 
successful practitioner in Somers- 
worth and in Dover. His practice in 
the latter city since he located there 
has grown by leaps and bounds until 
he now has a large clientage through- 
out the county and conducts some of 
the most important litigation in his 
section of the state. 



While the town of Milford sent two 
new members to the Legislature of 
1907, who made exceptionally fine 
records, she wisely retained the ser- 
vices for another term of one of the 
most conscientious and efficient mem- 
bers of the last House in the person of 
George A. Worcester, who served in 
1905, as during the present year, as 
chairman of the committee on for- 




George A. Worcester. 
Chairman Committee on Forestry 



In politics Mr. Pierce is a Repub- 
lican and has held many positions of 
trust. Before coming to New Hamp- 
shire he was a member of the board 
of education at Smithfield, Me. 
For many years he was moderator 
in his ward at Somersworth. Mr. 
Pierce is a Mason, being a member of 
the lodge, chapter and council. He 
is also a Knight of Pythias. He is 
married and has one child. 



estry, dealing with an interest by the 
way to which he has given much 
thought and attention. 

Mr. Worcester is a native of the 
town of Greenfield, born June 5, 
1852, and educated in the public 
schools. In early youth he entered 
the employ of David Heald, an ex- 
tensive furniture manufacturer of 
Milford and continued for a quarter 
of a century till 1890; In recent 



120 



The Legislature of 1007 



years he has devoted his attention to 
insurance and real estate. He has al- 
ways taken a strong interest in public 
affairs, has been for ten years a mem- 
ber of the board of selectmen, was a 
promoter of the Milford Improvement 
Society, of which lie is secretary, and 
is also vice-president of the Milford 
Building and Loan Association, spe- 
cial justice of the police court and a 
trustee of the public library. He has 



Baptist, having - been clerk of the Mil- 
lord Baptist Association for the last 
lew nty years, and was for two years 
president of the New Hampshire Bap- 
tist conventions. 

Mi-. Worcester was a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of 1902 
and save to the work of that body, as 
to that of the two legislative terms 
during which he has represented the 
town of Milford in part, the most 




Hon. Frank S. Lord, 
Senator, District No. 5 



always been strongly interested in his- 
torical matters, was one of the prime 
movers in the work of publishing the 
Milford town history and contributed 
largely to its success. He is a mem- 
ber of the New Hampshire Historical 
Society, of the Milford Historical and 
Genealogical Society and of the New 
Hampshire Society of the Sons of the 
American Revolution. Politically he 
is a Republican and in religion is a 



faithful and diligent service, very few 
members having been as constant in 
attendance or attentive to the busi- 
ness in hand. 



Among the most prominent citizens 
of Carroll County during the last two 
decades has been Hon. Frank S. Lord, 
senator from the fifth district. Born 
in the county, at Ossipee, where he 
still resides, April 18, 1858, he has 



The Legislature of 190', 



121 



held his residence there continuously. 
Senator Lord is well educated both in 
the knowledge that is obtained in 
books and in the more valuable school 
of experience in business affairs, hav- 
ing attended the New Hampton Lit- 
erary Institution and later studied at 
Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

In politics Senator Lord is a Re- 
publican and has been repeatedly 
honored by his party. In his native 
town of Ossipee he has served in all 
the important offices. The county 
has thrice honored him with an elec- 
tion to the board of commissioners, 
where he has made a reputation for 
honesty, sagacity and devoted atten- 
tion to the public welfare. He was 
postmaster at Ossipee under the ad- 
ministrations of Presidents McKinley 
and Roosevelt. 

Senator Lord is a civil engineer 
and is extensively interested in 
the manufacture and marketing of 
lumber. He is a member of Saco 
Valley Lodge of Odd Fellows. In 
Masonry he has received all the de- 
grees in the York rite, being a mem- 
ber of St. Paul Commandery. Lib- 
eral in his religious views as in all 
other affairs of life, he has been most 
attracted by the belief of the Uni- 
tarian Church. 

During the present session of the 
Legislature Senator Lord has been 
an indefatigable member. Not a bill 
has come before the various commit- 
tees of which he is a member which 
has not received his careful attention. 
This is saying much when it is known 
that he is chairman of the committee 
on public improvements, clerk of the 
judiciary committee, the most import- 
ant in the Senate, and a member of 
the committees on agriculture, educa- 
tion and forestry. 



The ranks of the veterans of the 
Civil War are fast thinning out, but 
many of those remaining are still ac- 
tive in public affairs. Among them is 
Hon. David R. Roys of Claremont, 
who represented the -seventh district 
in the state Senate. In 1861, almost 



at the very inception of the war, al- 
though he was then eighteen years of 
age, he enlisted in Company G in 
the old "fighting Fifth" New Hamp- 
shire as a private. During the next 
three years he was with his regiment 
in all the important battles in which 
it was engaged, including the three 
days' fight at Gettysburg. 

January 1, 1864, he again enlisted 
as a private and was finally mustered 
out June 28, 1865, after the war had 
closed. 

Senator Roys was born in Clare- 
mont, March 3, 1843. and was edu- 
cated there, lie still resides in the 




Hon. David R. Roys, 
Senator, District No. 7 

same town, although during his long 
and active career, his business con- 
nections have called him into nearly 
every section of the country. He is a 
mechanic by trade and is regarded as 
an expert in the management of min- 
ing machinery. 

Politically, Senator Roys has al- 
ways been Republican, and has served 
in a number of political positions pre- 
vious to his election to the Senate. 
In 1899, he was a member of the 
House, and being re-elected in 1901, 
was made chairman of the committee 



\'1'2 



The Legislature of 1907 



on military affairs. During the pres- 
ent session he has served as chairman 
of the committee on Soldiers' Home, 
and is a member of the committees 
on military affairs, on claims, on 
manufactures, and on public improve- 
ments. He is a prominent Mason, be- 
ing a Knight Templar in the York rite 
and a member of Edward A. Ray- 
mond Consistory in the Scottish rite, 
as well as belonging to Mt, Sinai Tem- 
ple, A. A. 0. N. M. S. 



cratic members. The Republicans 
followed him as well as the members 
from his own party. In the debates 
upon all classes of questions he took a 
very prominent part, His clear, con- 
cise and common sense presentation of 
his views was not excelled by that of 
any of his associates. He was partic- 
ularly interested in labor legislation, 
standing for the best interests of the 
laboring classes in every case. Any 
matter affecting in the least his town, 




Charles J. O'Neil, 
Member of Committee on Revision of Statutes 



The Democratic party not only had 
the largest number of members for a 
number of years in the present ses- 
sion, but the personnel of that mem- 
bership was far above the average. 
Among their number was Charles J. 
O'Neil and no man exerted a wider 
or stronger influence that he in shap- 
ing the policy of the party. Nor was 
his influence confined to the Demo- 



or section of the state, also received 
his closest attention. He served as a 
member of the important committee 
on revision of statutes, which had 
before it some of the most important 
measures introduced. 

Mr. O'Neil was born in Keene, in 
1861, and received a common school 
education in that city. He is now 
and has been for a long time a resi- 



The Legislature of 190\ 



123 



dent of the town of Walpole, where 
he is extensively engaged in the 
breeding of high class horses. 

Although a Democrat in a town 
which is usually Republican, he has 
gained the confidence of his fellow 
citizens to such an extent that he has 
repeatedly been elected to public of- 
fice. He has served on the board of 
education, on the board of health and 
has twice before, in 1891 and 1901, 



College, receiving his degree with the 
class of 1887. He soon after entered 
the office of Hon. David A. Taggart, 
where he read law and was admitted 
to practice in July, 1894. Since that 
time he has been in the practice of 
law in the Queen City. He was 
soon after elected to the lower branch 
of the Legislature and served 
throughout the session of 1895. He 
has been deeply interested in the wel- 




Harry T. Lord, 
Member Judiciary Committee 



been a member of the House, and at 
each session made an enviable record. 
He has for a number of years been a 
member of the Democratic state com- 
mittee. He is a Catholic and an Elk. 



Harry True Lord, representative 
from ward 4, Manchester, was born 
in that city, May 7, 18 G3. He was 
educated in its public schools, and 
upon graduation entered Dartmouth 



fare of his native city, as attested by 
the fact that in 1899, during his first 
term in the city council, he was elec- 
ted president of the board and served 
for four years, retiring in 1902. 
During the same year, he was a mem- 
ber of the convention to revise the 
state constitution. At the last elec- 
tion he was again chosen to the Legis- 
lature, and has served as a member 
of the committee on judiciary and as 



124 



The Legislature of 1007 



chairman of the Hillsborough County 
delegation. 

During Mr. Lord's college course, h<' 
became ;i member of the famous Tri 
Kappa Society, and in his senior year 
was honored by an election to the 
Sphinx. In Masonry, he is a member 
of the Blue lodge, chapter, council, 
ami of Trinity Commandery. lie is 
also a Red Man and has been for some 



been born there December 24, 1866. 
His early education was obtained in 
the city schools and at the Holderness 
School for Boys, from which he was 
graduated in the class of 1886. 

For a number of years Mr. Rolfe 
was employed in the freight depart- 
ment of the Boston & Maine Rail- 
road as cashier. Later, wishing to 
embark in business for himself, he 




George H. Rolfe, 
Ch'airman of the Merrimack County Delegation 



years secretary of the Calumet Club. 
He attends the Episcopal Church; is 
married, and has one daughter. 



Among the most efficient members 
of the lower House during the pres- 
ent session was George H. Rolfe, rep- 
resentative from ward 5, Concord, 
and chairman of the Merrimack 
County delegation. Mr. Rolfe is a 
native of the Capital City, having 



purchased an interest in one of the 
largest plumbing and heating estab- 
lishments in the state, the firm being 
Orr & Rolfe at the present time. 
Since he entered this line his firm has 
maintained a wide reputation for ex- 
cellent work and square dealing, sec- 
ond to none, and has handled some of 
the largest contracts in its line in the 
state. 

In politics Mr. Rolfe is a staunch 



The Legislature of 1907 



125 



Republican and has been successful at 
the polls whenever he has allowed his 
name to be used as a candidate for 
public office. In 1903 he was chosen 
a member of the city council and two 
years later was promoted to the board 
of aldermen, in both of which places 
he served with eminent satisfaction to 
his constituents. 

In secret society circles Mr. Rolfe 
is a Mason, being a member of Eu- 



No other among th;; younger mem- 
bers of the House can point to a bet- 
ter record of achievement during the 
session than can Representative Fred 
Joe Pease of Holderness. Mr. Pease 
was a member of and clerk of the 
committee on fisheries and game. 
This committee has always been bur- 
dened with a large amount of work, 
and this is true of the present session 
to a greater extent, perhaps, than of 




Fred Joe Pease 
Member of Committee on Fisheries and Game 



reka Lodge, No. 70. Trinity Chapter, 
Horace Chase Council. Mt. Horeb 
Commandery, all of Concord, and Ed- 
ward A. Raymond Consistory of 
Nashua, as well as of Bektash Tem- 
ple, A. A. 0. N. M. S. At the pres- 
ent time he is senior warden in his 
lodge and alchemist in the Shrine. 
He is also a member of the Wonolan- 
cet and Passaconawav clubs of Con- 
cord. 



any other session in recent years, as 
the entire fish and game laws were 
practically revised. But it will be on 
account of Mr. Pease's connection 
with the bill to provide for a tax upon 
the business of express companies that 
he will be most prominently remem- 
bered by his associates. 

Mr. Pease is a thorough believer in 
the idea that the corporate interests 
of the state are not at the present 



120 



The Legislature of 1U07 



time paying their just proportion of 
the public taxes, and early in the ses- 
sion presented ;i Mil for the consider- 
ation of his associates to assess the 
first excise tax ever levied in the state. 
So carefully was the bill prepared 
that the committee on ways and 
means, after due consideration and 
consultation with the state board of 
equalization, unanimously recom- 
mended it to the House, where it 
passed. It was later unanimously 
adopted in the Senate and received 
the signature of the governor. The 
law will add a substantial sum to the 
public revenues and will be borne by 
those who can most easily afford to 
bear it. 

Mr. Pease was born in Rumney, 
March 11, 1876, and received a com- 
mon school 'education. For some 
years he was engaged in various lines 
of work, teaching school for a short 
time, and later engaging in business 
both at Rumney and Ashland. Dur- 
ing the past five years, he has been 
manager of the Mr. Livermore House 
at Holderness, one of the largest sum- 
mer hostelries in the state. In poli- 
tics Mr. Pease is a staunch Democrat, 
and it has been largely through his 
instrumentality that the Democrats 
in his town have gained the ascend- 
ency. He has previously held vari- 
ous public offices, including mod- 
erator of the town meeting for four 
years. 

Mr. Pease is prominent in secret or- 
ganizations, being a member of Mt. 
Livermore Grange at Holderness, 
Mt. Prospect Lodge No. 62, F. and A. 
M., Ashland, Passaconway Lodge No. 
49, Knights of Pythias, Ashland, 
Enos Huckins Company No. 19, U. 
R., Plymouth, and of the Amoskeag 
Veterans of Manchester. He has 
been master of his grange, and is at 
the present time captain of Enos 
Huckins Company. Mr. Pease was 
married, October 20, 1897, to Miss 
Abby Jewell of Holderness, daughter 
of B. F. Jewell, for many years pro- 
prietor of the Mt. Livermore House. 



Among the new members of the 
House the present session who ex- 
erted a wide influence and made a 
commendable effort in behalf of re- 
form legislation was Frank A. Mus- 
grove, representative from Hanover. 
Mr. Musgrove is comparatively new in 
polities, having made his entry into 
the political arena in the early stages 
of the last campaign. At that time 
he became convinced that radical 
changes were necessary in the man- 
agement of public affairs. With the 
accomplishment of this in view he be- 
came one of the original thirteen Re- 
publicans who signed the request that 
Winston Churchill become a candi- 
date for the gubernatorial nomina- 
tion. During the ante-convention 
contest he took the stump and deliv- 
ered a number of speeches in the in- 
terest of the reform cause and was a 
member of the Republican state con- 
vention which followed. His connec- 
tions with the Churchill movement 
brought to him the nomination for 
member of the House and he was elec- 
ted by the largest vote given any can- 
didate on the ticket. During the ses- 
sion Mr. Musgrove championed a 
number of reform measures by in- 
troducing bills covering the subject 
and defending them in committee and 
in debate. He was a member of the 
railroad committee. 

Mr. Musgrove was born in Bristol, 
July 19, 1872, being the son of former 
Senator Richard W. Musgrove, editor 
of the Bristol Enterprise. He was ed- 
ucated in the graded schools of that 
town, at the New Hampton Literary 
Institution, from which he was gradu- 
ated in 1892, and at Dartmouth Col- 
lege, from which he received his de- 
gree in the class of 1897. During his 
school and college courses he was 
much interested in athletics and in 
newspaper work, the foundation of 
the latter having been laid in his fa- 
ther's printing office at Bristol. He 
was, during his senior year at col- 
lege, editor-in-chief of The Dart- 
mouth, and upon graduation immedi- 



The Legislature of 1907 



127 



ately succeeded to the management of 
the Hanover Gazette. He has since 
built up the plant so it is now one of 
the best in New England outside of 
Boston. 



The work of investigation into the 
conduct of state affairs conducted by 
the committee on retrenchment and 



ing to the business of the state, and 
although a new member in the halls 
of legislation, he took prominent part 
in defending upon the floor the propo- 
sitions presented by the committee. 
He also did effective work as a mem- 
ber of the committee on fisheries and 
game, being called upon a number of 
times to act as chairman of that corn- 




Frank A. Musgrove, 
Member of Committee on Railroads 



reform has already proven to be a 
valuable acquisition in state affairs. 
Prominent upon this committee was 
Wilbur E. Webster, representative 
from Jaffrey. As a member of the 
sub-committee which did the active 
work of gathering information, writ- 
ing the report, and presenting recom- 
mendations for reform in these de- 
partments, Mr. Webster showed a 
keen insight into everything pertain- 



mittee during the absence of the reg- 
ular presiding officer. 

Mr. Webster is a native of the 
town in which he now resides, having 
been born there March 21, 1877. He 
is now one of the youngest yet most 
prosperous business men of the town. 
He carries on an extensive retail coal 
business and is engaged in the manu- 
facture and marketing of tacks and 
nails. 



l'2» 



The Legislature of 190\ 



Be was educated in the local 
schools of his native town, at the Mur- 
dock School at Winchendon, Mass., 
and at Bryant & Stratton's Commer- 
cial College in Boston. 



list and assistant engineer in the fire 
department. He is a trustee and au- 
ditor of the Monadnock Savings 
Bank. In 'secret society circles, Mr. 
Webster is also prominent, being a 




Wilbur E. Webster, 
Member of Committee on Retrenchment and Reform 



Mr. Webster is a Republican in pol- 
itics and has contributed extensively 
to the success of his party in the town. 
He has been previously honored by 
election to various offices, includ- 
ing auditor, supervisor of the check 



member of Charity Lodge No. 18, F. 
and A. M., Monadnock Lodge No. 90, 
I. 0. 0. F., of Union Encampment of 
Peterborough, and Jaffrey Grange, P. 
of H. He is unmarried and attends 
the Congregational Church. 



By Samuel Hoyt 

Now April, smiling through her tears. 
Trips, radiant, down the Spring's highway 

To herald with a loyal pride 
The coming of her sister, May. 



The Ancient T®wmMp @ff Mosnsosa 



By Charles S. Spauldivy 
[Read before the Hollis Woman's Club at the annual field day, August 31, 1906] 



In the settlement of Monson, New 
Hampshire, the same conditions were 
confronting the pioneer settlers as 
did those of other New England 
towns. A wilderness of boundless ex- 
panse, with only the Souhegan rolling 
its dark waters between them and 
that vast primitive and unbroken 
forest of southern New Hampshire ; 
their first employments, erecting log 
huts, making paths, subduing the for- 
est, fighting wild men and wild beasts. 
Many of the early landmarks' have 
disappeared. It is not easy to repro- 
duce the scenes in which they planted 
their habitations. There was no 
leisure and little disposition to make 
records of their doings. The agita- 
tion of the state line boundary ques- 
tion helped to promote the early set- 
tlements in the region west of the 
Merrimack River. A bitter contest 
was maintained for the space of ten 
years, from 1731 to 1741, between the 
Massachusetts Bay Colony and the 
Masonian proprietors of the New 
Hampshire grants in regard to estab- 
lishing the state lines. This conten- 
tion mainly grew out of the fact that 
the crowned heads of England were 
ignorant of the source and course of 
the Merrimack River, at the time 
these grants were made. They as- 
sumed the course of the river to be 
from east to west, because this was 
its course from Pawtucket Falls to 
the sea board, and thereby in accord- 
ance with this idea issued conflicting 
grants. 

Each state in this strife wishing to 
obtain jurisdiction over as many 
townships as possible, having failed 
to agree upon a boundary line, em- 
ployed counsel to lay the matter be- 
fore his majesty's council, which was 



determined and settled by a decree of 
the king in council, bearing date 
August 5, 1740, the line westward 
from Pawtucket Falls being surveyed 
by Richard Hazen in March, 1741. 

In the meantime every effort was 
made to induce people to migrate to 
the new country. Handbills we ri- 
posted, setting forth the advantage- 
of settling in this section. Some of 
these emigrants were of English de- 
scent, some were Irish, and some were 
descendants of those Scottish Presby- 
terians who fought at the siege of 
Londonderry and were the Lowland- 
ers of Scotland, from whom sprang 
the Scotch-Irish of Ulster. 

The ancient township of Monson 
was included within the boundary of 
Old Dunstable, embracing the north- 
ern portion of West Dunstable," and 
as chartered April 4. 1746, contain- 
ing an area of about 17.000 acres, 
bounded on the north by Souhegan 
River, on the west by Dunstable old 
line, on the south by Hollis. and on 
the east by Muddy Brook. Penne- 
chuck Pond and Merrimack, being 
about four miles wide and eight miles 
long. 

Among the first permanent settlers 
of Monson was the Nevins family, 
whose emigrant ancestor. Thomas 
Nevins. a Scotchman by birth, sailed 
from the north of Ireland in 1711. 
and landing at some port in Nova 
Scotia, from there came to Massa- 
chusetts and later settled in Newton. 

After a time Mr. Nevins took ship- 
ping to return to Ireland on business. 
The vessel in which he sailed was lost 
at sea and all on board perished. 
Subsequently his widow. Margaret 
Nevins, and her three sons, Thomas. 
David and William, came to West 



130 



The Ancient Township of Monson 



Dunstable, or Monson, and settled on 
land purchased of Col. Joseph. Blan- 
ehard, as by deed dated July 27, 
1735. The widow, Margaret Nevins, 
was taxed here until 1743; after thai 
her name disappears from the records. 

Another and probably the first per- 
manent settler in the northern por- 
tion of West Dunstable, was Samuel 
Leeman, Sr., of Reading, Mass.. who 
was a descendant of Samuel Leeman 
of Beadle. England, who migrated 
to this country in 1633, and settled 
in Charlestown, Mass. Mr. Leeman, 
Sr.. came to Souhegan "West in 1735, 
and helped to build the first meeting- 
house in Amherst. He removed to 
West Dunstable in the spring of 1737 
and settled at the north part of Mon- 
son village place, as seen by the 
records. His daughter, Sarah, was 
the first white child born in Monson. 
December 5, 1737. 

His grandson. Samuel Leeman, born 
in Hollis, August 7, 1749, enlisted 
into the Continental army, April 19, 
1775. in Capt, Reuben Dow's com- 
pany, for Concord and Lexington. He 
was at the battle of Bunker Hill. On 
April 7, 1777, he enlisted into Capt. 
Isaac Fry's company, regiment of 
Col. Alexander Scammell, as ensign; 
was with his regiment and partici- 
pated in all those battles known as the 
Northern campaign, which caused the 
surrender of the entire British army 
under Gen. John Burgoyne. Mr. 
Leeman was killed at the battle of 
Saratoga, October, 1777. He was said 
to be of the tenth succeeding genera- 
tion of Leemans. in which the oldest 
son was named Samuel. 

Some of the other residents of that 
portion of Monson that is now Hollis 
were Philip Woolerich, Daniel Bailey, 
James Wheeler. John Martin. Will- 
iam Colburn, Thomas Wooley, Israel 
Mead. Samuel Stearns. Joseph 
Gould. Samuel Hayden, and David 
Wallingford, who was a son of Jona- 
than Wallingford of Bradford. Mass.. 
born September 15, 1744, came to 
Monson in 1765, enlisted into the Con- 



tinental army April 19, 1775, was at 
the battle of Bunker Hill, reenlisted 
in 1777 into the company of Capt. 
Archelaus Towns as lieutenant, and 
was under the command of General 
Si ark at Bennington and one of the 
first who gave orders to his men to 
fire on the British and Hessians at 
the commencement of that bloody 
battle. He was also in the battles of 
Stillwater, Bemis Heights and Sara- 
toga. After the war he was paid off 
in worthless Continental money. 
Shortly after he had the misfortune 
to lose his house bv fire. He died in 
Hollis. March 12. 1791. 

There were many elements of dis- 
cord confined within the chartered 
limits of Monson, whose people had 
little to do about obtaining their 
charter. This was mainly brought 
about through the influence of Gov. 
Benning Wentworth, who had a 
mania for granting town charters. 
Then, again, the non-resident land- 
holders were induced to favor incor- 
poration as a means of enhancing 
their property. These influences were 
potent factors in establishing this 
township as well as many oth- 
ers in New Hampshire during the 
colonial period. A belligerent spirit 
was manifest in the southern portion 
of Monson, whose people for various 
reasons were opposed to being in- 
cluded within its chartered limits 
Consequents, when an effort was 
made to build a meeting-house and 
establish preaching, or otherwise to 
promote the welfare of the town, the 
proposition was invariably voted 
down ; although on one or two occa- 
sions, at a special meeting, thev voted 
to build and locate a meetinsr-house 
and appointed a committee to accom- 
plish the work, but at the next annual 
meeting the project would be recon- 
sidered. When it became apparent 
thev wopld fail to sret an act passed 
bv the Colonial Conrt. taxing the non- 
resident proprietors for the pnrnose 
of building a meeting-honse and es 
tablishing preaching, they became di« 



The Ancient Township of Monson 



131 



couraged and began to clamor for a 
division of the town, and* after sev- 
eral years of strife and discord peti- 
tioned the General Court to have the 
town divided equally between Hollis 
and Amherst, these towns having 
previously signified their consent to 
this arrangement; and, on April 9, 
1770, at a special meeting, it was 
voted to divide the town as stated 
above, the governor and council 
granting their request under date of 
July 4, 1770. Thus, after a corpo- 
rate existence of twenty-four years 
and three months Monson ceased to 
exist only in history. In many re- 
spects this quaint old town was the 



peer of any of her sister republics 
during those old colonial days. 

Perhaps nowhere in this section 
were there more fertile fields, and in 
no part of the state was there better 
farming land than was found in the 
Souhegan Valley. Probably no town 
in New Hampshire furnished more 
soldiers for the French and Indian 
wars according to its population than 
did Monson. Then, again, no other 
town in New Hampshire could claim 
to be the native place of a parent of 
a chief executive of the United States, 
as could Monson, in the person of 
Anna Kendrick. the mother of Presi- 
dent Franklin Pierce. 



W&ite 



& fthc 



By C. C. Lord 

Sweet one, Thine is a thriving thought, 
Of something blissful, yet unwrought 

In time, yet still to be — 
A stream is but a tiny rill, 
Yet hastes a river's banks to fill, 

For waters seek the sea. 

A theme exults within thy breast — 
A dream— the soul's diviner rest, 

Fulfilling e'er for thee — 
And eke the stream more gladly flows. 
The river teems and larger grows, 

As waters seek the sea. 



A sacred light illumes thy face, 
With radiance adorns thy grace, 
Thou comest, love, to me- 



And lo ! the stream is deep and wide, 
With joy the river meets the tide, 
When waters seek the sea. 



hn MlitoricaS SketeSn from asa Ananclhi&iiff 



Bj/ Ber< P. Z>oe 



In about the year 1600, in Eng- 
land, a native of the country by the 
name of William Brewster, sits in an 
armchair with his home circle sur- 
rounding him. It is not a remark- 
able fact, for hundreds of men have 
lone the same thing, nor is the chair 
one of striking appearance, or out of 
the ordinary appearance of the time. 
It is a good substantial chair, how- 
ever, and when not in use, it sits in 
the best room of the house. 

He sits, smokes and talks of the af- 
fairs of the day- — of the king, of 
parliament and of his household af- 
fairs. 

The years pass and affairs are 
such that he with a band of fellow 
men sail away from the coast of Eng- 
land for the unsettled land across 
the ocean. He leaves behind him the 
scenes and connections of his child- 
hood, youth and manhood, but takes 
his household effects and his family. 
He is a devout worshipper of the 
Great Being, and in order that he 
may worship Him without being ham- 
pered by men, he joins the party and 
embarks for a land of freedom. He 
is, in the language of the time, a Pil- 
grim Father, a Puritan. 

After the usual tossing and ad- 
verse winds on the ocean, the good 
ship, bearing the name of the May- 
flower, sails into the sheltering part of 
what is now Massachusetts Bay. The 
Englishmen first touched the land on 
what they named Plymouth Rock, in 
the year 1620. History tells the rest 
—the hardship of a severe winter, the 
troublesome natives, the Indians, 
disease and death of many of the 
band, and the survival o£ only a few 
by the spring-time. 

He spent many years in the new 
land and many a day of hardship, 



harassed by the natives of the land. 
Still the old armchair furnished him 
with many hours of pleasure and 
rest, and from its arms he often re- 
llected upon his home land across the 
ocean. At last the time came for him 
to lay aside his earthly labors and 
pass to his reward. 

The armchair at this time became 
the property of his son, who had 
grown to manhood in the new coun- 
try. The younger Brewster cher- 
ished the chair, for it was the prop- 
erty of his father and there was al- 
ways sentiment in it. Not a bit 
changed was the piece of furniture ; 
perhaps somewhat scarred by chang- 
ing about the home, still it was the 
same which rested the tired limbs of 
Elder Brewster. In those days of the 
sixteenth century, the chair was sim- 
ply a part of the household effects, 
and not distinguished from the other 
pieces in any way. • But the days of 
the dawning of the seventeenth cen- 
tury brought the chair past its cen- 
tury mark and made it quite a relie 
in the household of the Brewster fam- 
ily. Through the years of this cen- 
tury it still remained in possession 
of the same family, while change after- 
change was wrought by the Old Man 
with the scythe. Children were born 
and grew to youth and manhood ; the 
wedding bells pealed cheerily for 
many members of the family, while 
death crept in and took away at last 
its claim on the old. Changes in the 
country — the wars and the home af- 
fairs wrought never a change for the 
old chair. 

By this time its history and senti- 
ment was ever increasing, and its 
owner now was Daniel Brewster, a 
resident of Wolfeboro, N. H., and the 
chair rested in the happy homestead. 



An Historical Sketch from an Armchair 



L33 



During these years the Brewsters 
were residents of the state where the 
chair now is owned. In 1843 it 
passed into another generation, when 
it became the property of George F. 
Brewster, the son of Daniel, a resi- 
dent of Wolfeboro, among the New 
Hampshire lakes and mountains. In 
his peaceful homestead, a rare and 
fast aging relic it stood for three de- 
cades, and in 1874, it saw its good 
owner pass away from his earthly 
calling to join his kindred, its former 
owners who had lived when the coun- 
try was in its infancy. Eli V. Brews- 
ter of Dover then cared for the old 
chair and told its history with pride. 
He at last was called away in 1903, 
and then it came by will into the 
happy homestead of I. S. Brewster of 
Dover to await the uncertain future, 
which is shrouded from man. There 
it stands, an ornament and part • of 
the household goods. It is nothing 
but a curved armchair, but what 
thoughts and what sentiment it brings 
up if one but ponders a minute. 

In antiquity it even surpasses his- 
toric Dover itself, for when the busy 
Cocheco city was nothing but a tract 
of woodland sheltering the roaming 
red men, the chair was probably rest- 
ing the limbs of some brawny Anglo- 
Saxon in ' ' Merry ' ' England. Imagi- 
nation alone can picture it on the 
i ither side of the Atlantic ; its curving 
arms have embraced both young and 
old and rested arms of the feeble and 
aged. It has passed through many 
generations on this side and it takes 
but slight fancy to recall how the 
old have reclined before a glowing 
hearth clasped in its arms amid the 
blue wreaths from the pipe; how the 
good wife industriously plys the knit- 
ting needles to the noise and prattle 
of children at play; how, too, in its 
arms the young have dreamed of the 
future, of love, of fortune and fame. 
The youthful lover, the husbandman 
and the grandfather, the merry 
school girl, the housewife and grand- 



mother have all reclined in its arms in 
reverie, in industry and pleasure. 

It is certainly a rare old relic and 
deserves protection even for its senti- 
ment alone. No modern maker can 
easily imitate it, for its material, 
which was nutured in the mother 
country, would be hard to find in our 
woodland tracts. The chair itself, 
though small, weighs almost like 
iron. Patience, too, can be traced 
from top to bottom in the handi- 
craft, for there are few things which 
would lead to believe that the use of 
many tools were employed. Not the 
least trace of a nail can be found in 
the firm frame, while many an un- 
even cut about the arms would sug- 
gest the work of a jack-knife. Fres- 
coed along the curving arms is the 
leaf of trees from England's forests, 
much in the likeness of the oak, but 
perhaps of the tree from which the 
material was hewed to shape it. It 
is not a high straight back chair, such 
as the style in the days of our grand- 
parents, but small, with circling arms 
just sufficient for one to sit in a most 
comfortable position, much more so 
than the elegant chairs of modern 
days. 

Although over three hundred year? 
old, signs of age cannot be traced, 
nor is there a scar to suggest rough 
usage. Probably the best corner in 
the best room has always been pre- 
served for it, and only on "state" 
occasions of late has it been in actual 
use. How highly it has been prized 
can be seen from the fact it was the 
only legacy left to its present owner, 
and he values it far more than a cash 
gift, and large must be the sum to 
take it from the Brewster line. 

Now, as in the past days, it stands 
in the best room of a happy family 
homestead, where it will remain till 
it becomes the property of another, 
unless it comes to an untimely end. 
As an ornament it would not be out 
of place in any elegantly furnished 
home of the land. Its contrast with 
other furniture is not striking. At 



1:! * An Historical Sketch from an Armchair 

tiist sighl il would not be distin- takes you back — way back to England, 

guished from the chairs framed in the the Mayflower and colonial days. 

busy days of the century; but, look May it last for many years in the 

the second time, or il' by chance one same happy homestead and pass down 

happens to sit in it. there is no such again, from generation to generation, 

ease in the other chairs and those awakening sentiment and imagina- 

arms to it seem to be curved especially lion along the vista of the coming 

to your ease; and then imagination years. 



Backward 

By L. J. H. Frost 

Backward through long departed years 
My lingering footsteps stray; 

I hear the echo of the past 
Along the moss-grown way. 

I crush dead flowers beneath my feet, 
Once they were sweet and fair, 

But Time with his relentless hand 
Plucked them and cast them there. 

And forms of dear loved friends I see 

And hear their voices too ; 
They call, they smile, they beckon me, 

Then vanish from my view. 

Backward I wander all alone 

Through the deserted past; 
And gloomy shadows cloud the way 

While day is waning fast. 



*& 



But now a voice is whispering me 
" Think not of by-gone days — 

But onward walk with patient step 
Through all life's devious ways. 

"Thy Father's hand that leadeth thee 
Will guide thee unto rest, 
AVhere peace that like a river flows 
Shall calm each troubled breast. ' ' 



ew IHI^mpglhiiire M@(Sir®H®gy 



THOMAS BAILEY ALDRICH 

Thomas Bailey Aldrich, born in Ports- 
mouth. N. H., November 11, 1836, died in 
Boston, Mass.. March 18, 1907. 

He was the son of Elias Taft Aldrich, 
a native of Bangor, Me., and Sara Abba 
Bailey of Portsmouth, and was educated 
largely in the private school of Samuel 
Demeritt in Portsmouth. His father, who 
was engaged in business in New Orleans, 
where the family passed the winter sea- 
sons, died in the fall of 1850, and the idea 
of a college education, which had been 
entertained for him was abandoned, and 
at the age of seventeen he entered the 
counting-room of an uncle engaged in 
commercial life in New York. About this 
time his first published poem appeared in 
the columns of the Portsmouth Journal. 
His "Baby Bell," long prominent among 
the best efforts of American poetical writ- 
ers, was written the next year, and was 
successively rejected by several of the 
leading magazines of the country, and 
finally made its first appearance in 
the columns of the Journal of Com- 
merce. It was widely copied, however, 
and its merit secured the young writer 
a position as an editorial writer for 
the Neiv York Mirror, and soon af- 
ter as assistant editor of the Home 
Journal, of which the late Nathaniel P. 
Willis was editor-in-chief. From this 
time his position and progress in the lit- 
erary world were assured. In 1865, im- 
mediately after his marriage to Miss Lil- 
lian Woodman, he removed to Boston and 
became the editor of Every Saturday, a 
weekly literary publication issued by 
Ticknor & Fields. In 1881, he suc- 
ceeded his intimate friend, William Dean 
Howells, as editor of the Atlantic 
Monthly, continuing till 1890, after which 
time he wrote only occasionally, "as the 
spirit moved." His last poem and last 
literary work of any kind was written for 
the Longfellow centennial, at Sanders' 
Theatre, Cambridge, February 27, last. 

While Mr. Aldrich was undoubtedly 
the most famous poet of New Hampshire 
birth, his prose works hold a high place 
in American literature, "Marjorie Daw 
and Other Stories," and "The Story of a 
Bad Boy and the Little Violinist" being 
the more prominent among them. Mrs. 
Aldrich and one son, Talbot, survive. 

WILLIAM A. PARSONS 

William A. Parsons, born in Concord. 
N. H., February 4, 1822, died in Spring- 
field, Mass., March 10, 1907. 

He removed with his parents to 
Springfield when fourteen years of age, 



and at iwenty-one commenced business 
for himself in the real estate line, to 
which he was devoted through his life, 
having dene more, as is said by the press 
of that city, to build up and develop whal 
is now one of the most beautiful cities in 
New England, than any other man. 

September 20, 1848, Mr. Parsons united 
in marriage with Miss Sarah A. Wood of 
Northampton. Mass., who survives him, 
with a daughter and two sons, the latter 
having been for some time associated with 
1 1 1 in in the real estate business. 

JOSEPH T. S. LIBBEY 

Joseph T. S. Libbey, long a prominent 
resident of Dover, died in that city. 
March 18, 1907. He was a native of 
Rochester, born October 31, 1832, the sou 
of Paul and Elizabeth (Sherburne) Lib- 
bey and of the eighth generation from 
John Libbey. the first of the family in 
America. He learned the printer's trade 
in youth in the office of the Dover Gazette. 
subsequently worked at the same in Bos- 
ton, and later, for many years, was fore- 
man of the Morning Star office in Dover. 
He served in the First New Hampshire 
Heavy Artillery in the War of the Re- 
bellion, and was promoted to second lieu- 
tenant. In 1868 he became one of the 
proprietors of the Dover Enquirer, contin 
uing till 1886. when ill health compelled 
his retirement. He was the first com- 
mander of Charles W. Sawyer Post, G. A. 
R., of Dover, and was also prominent in 
Masonry and the Knights of Pythias, be- 
ing a past grand chancellor of the state 
organization of the latter. He is survived 
by three married daughters. 

HON. BENJAMIN F. PERKINS 

Benjamin F. Perkins, born in Center 
Harbor, January 7, 1831, died in Bristol, 
March 18, 1907. 

His early education was obtained in 
Holderness, now Ashland, and at six- 
teen years of age he went to Boston fe 
learn the brickmakers' trade. At the age 
of twenty-five he made his home in New 
Hampton, where he continued for ten 
years, where he was for six years one of 
the selectmen, agent during the Civil 
War for the enlistment of soldiers, and 
also served two years in the state Legis- 
lature. In 1SG6 he removed to Bristol, 
where he ever after resided and where he 
was engaged in the manufacture of paper, 
latterly as a member of the Mason-Perkins 
Paper Company, of which he was for 
many years manager and treasurer. He 
held many responsible positions and was 
a member of the -state Senate for the 
fourth district in 1883. 



idliitoff Mad IPuslbflasIhioff^s M®fe 



The fourteenth biennial session of 
the New Hampshire Legislature, 
which came to an end on Friday, 
April 5, was one of the Longesl held 
since the adoption of the biennial 
system: yet, while there may be a 
disposition in some quarters to con- 
demn unduly the general outcome of 
the session's work, it is undoubtedly 
true thai it hardly came up on the 
'-hole to the expectation of the people 
or the platform promises of the pre- 
"I ding political campaign. Whatever 
of real reform may have been accom- 
plished as regards the matter of the 
legislative pass depends almost en- 
tirely upon the judgment or inclina- 
tion of the governor, who. with the 
advice of the council, is authorized 
hereafter to contract with the rail- 
roads for the transportation of mem- 
bers of the Legislature during the 
time cf its sessions. The nature of 
such contract is to determine whether 
or not any improvement is to be made 
upon the conditions that have hereto- 
fore prevailed. As a matter of fact, 
the Legislature seems to have evaded 
its duty in this regard and to have 
devolved the same upon the executive. 
One act of the Legislature, however, 
and by far the most important of the 
session, cannot fail to be productive 
of most beneficent results, and should 
command the hearty approbation of 
the people regardless of party. Refer- 
ence is had to the measure regulat- 
ing the election of delegates, and the 
organization and control of political 
conventions, which, by compelling the 
holding of caucuses for the choice of 
delegates and alternates by all par- 
ties simultaneously throughout the 
state, and by prohibiting the partici- 
pation in conventions of any but duly 
elected delegates or alternates, pre- 



vents, in large measure, the packing 
of such caucuses in particular inter- 
ests, and does away absolutely with 
I he corrupt trading in "proxies," 
which has so frequently been resorted 
to in the past, greatly to the disci-edit 
of New Hampshire politics. 

Reference has recently been made 
in these notes to a valuable contri- 
bution to the biographical history of 
the state in Dr. Granville P. Conn's 
"History of the New Hampshire 
Surgeons in the War of the Re- 
bellion." Mention should not be 
omitted of another work of similar 
nature. appearing almost simul- 
taneously, even more extended and 
comprehensive in its character, also 
from the pen of a Concord author. 
"The Native .Ministry of New Hamp- 
shire." by Rev. N. P. Carter, is a 
large octavo volume of 1017 pages, 
embracing personal sketches of over 
twenty-five hundred New Hampshire 
born clergymen of different denomi- 
nations, who have pursued their call- 
ing in this and other states and for- 
eign lands. It is the result of more 
than thirty years of patient and care- 
ful labor, and is at once a monument 
to the industry and devotion of the 
author, and a tribute to a noble army 
of laborers in "the Master's vine- 
yard," who have honored alike their 
native state and their high and chosen 
calling. No one interested in the his- 
tory and biography of the state and 
in the work of New Hampshire men 
in all lines of worthy effort should be 
without a copy of this book. Espe- 
cially should it be found in every pub- 
lic library in the state, since there is 
scarcely a town within its borders, 
some of whose sons are not included 
among its subjects. 




HON. JOHN M. MITCHELL. 



The Granite Monthly 



Vol. XXXIX, No. 5 



MAY, 1907 



New Series, Vol. 2, Xo. 5 



Mom, jjoto M„ Matefinei 

By II. H. Met calf 



While we hear much in these days 
about "the decadence of the bar," 
and while it is undoubtedly true 
that the legal profession, as such, ex- 
erts a smaller comparative influence 
in directing public affairs than was 
the case two or three generations ago, 
it is true, nevertheless, that the men 
most prominent in shaping our legis- 
lation, both state and national, and 
in directing public policy, from the 
municipal to the international field, 
are trained lawvers, as a rule. 
While it is undoubtedly true, more- 
over, that there were more lawyers of 
eminent ability, in proportion to the 
total number in practice in New 
Hampshire, half a century ago than 
is the case today, it is also true that 
the Xew Hampshire bar, on the 
whole, compares most favorably with 
that of other states, and that its rep- 
resentatives are able to hold their own 
when pitted against the best legal 
talent of any of our neighboring com- 
monwealths, much of which, indeed, 
originally went out from the Granite 
State. 

Prominent among the best known 
lawyers, and most respected and in- 
fluential citizens of Xew Hampshire 
today, is Hon. John M. Mitchell, the 
subject of this sketch. Mr. Mitchell 
is the oldest survivor of eleven chil- 
dren born to John and Honora (Do- 
herty) Mitchell, the former a na- 
tive of County Cork and the latter 
of Kerry, Ireland, who came to this 
country in the spring of 1848, land- 



ing in Boston, but soon finding their 
way into Xew Hampshire and locat- 
ing in the town of Plymouth, where 
John M. was born, July 6, 1849, his 
father being engaged in the employ of 
the contractor for the construction of 
the Boston, Concord & Montreal 
railroad. 

The elder Mitchell was a man of 
native good sense, rare intelligence 
and education far better than that of 
the average Irish emigrant, seeking in 
this country improved material and 
political conditions for himself, and 
superior opportunities for his chil- 
dren, along all lines, and it was his 
ambition from the start to become a 
landowner and a farmer, to establish 
himself and family in that close con- 
tact with mother earth which is the 
surest basis of independence and 
prosperity among men in any coun- 
try. His residence in Plymouth was 
brief. He removed to Barnet, Vt., 
where he remained for a short time, 
going thence, in 1851, to the north- 
ern part of the state, on to a farm in 
the town of Salem. Two years later, 
in 1853, he removed to the neighbor- 
ing town of Wheelock, where he had 
purchased a large farm, which was 
the family home for nine years, and 
where several children were born. 
In 1862, he sold out in Wheelock and 
returned to Salem (now a part of the 
town of Derby), wTiere he located on 
a large farm of some 400 or 500 
acres, which ever after remained the 
familv home, and whereon the chil- 



140 



I Inn. John M. Mitchell 



dren, of whom there were eleven in 
all. and of whom six are now living. 
were reared t<> habits of industry, and 
had instilled into their minds and 
hearts thai love of liberty which no 
man possesses more fully than the in- 
telligent Irish emigranl who has 
made his home in America, and thai 
regard for the sand ions of morality 
and religion which the devout and 
consistent Catholic never fails to im- 
press upon his children. 

In 1864. having made the most of 
his opportunities in the district 
school up to this time, John M. com- 
menced attending Derby Academy.* 
one of the popular academies of the 
state, which still maintains a high 
standing among the educational insti- 
tutions of its class, where he contin- 
ued his studies for one or two term's a 
year for several years, working at 
home upon the farm in summer and 
teaching in the winter, commencing 
with 1865, which was the winter he 
was sixteen years of age. His first 
school, which was in the town of Hol- 
land, was what was known as a hard 
one to manage, and the committee 
who had come over to the academy to 
secure a teacher, had grave doubts 
about the ability of young Mitchell, 
who had been recommended by the 
principal, to carry it through success- 
fully, but was finally persuaded to 
let him try the experiment, which was 
attended with eminent success. He 
taught school for six successive win- 
ters, and meanwhile, in March, 1869, 
was elected superintendent of 
schools in the town of Salem, al- 
though then only nineteen years of 
age. which office he held for two 
years. 

*This Academy, in whose welfare Mr. Mitchell 
still takes a deep interest, and to which he has 
substantially contributed, has been attended by 
many men afterwards conspicuous in different 
walks of life, among whom maybe named: U.S. 
Senator Red field Proctor, of Vermont; Right Rev. 
William W. Niles, D. D., bishop of the Episcopal 
diocese of New Hampshire, and the late ex-con- 
gressmen, Ossian Ray of Lancaster and Ellery A. 
Hibbard of Laconia. 



hi boyhood and early youth, both 
in general bearing and his school-day 
habits. Mr. Mitchell gave ample 
promise of the sterling character, 
strong application and substantial 
success which have characterized him 
in later years. Hon. Charles Rogers, 
now of Lyndonville, a prominent citi- 
zen, state senator and former judge 
of the Caledonia County court, writ- 
ing of him, says: "As a boy he was 
far beyond his years in knowledge 
and conversation. He visited me 
often, his father's family being near 
neighbors from 1853 to 1862, and I 
remember well his interest in and dis- 
cussion of the affairs and questions of 
the day, which were many during 
the rebellion. As a student, he was 
industrious and showed those quali- 
ties of mind which afterward placed 
him in the front rank of his profes- 
sion. As a young man his character 
was unquestioned, and in bearing he 
was always a gentleman." 

Hon. Charles A. Prouty of New- 
port, Vt., a member of the present In- 
terstate Commerce Commission, him- 
self a lawyer of high standing, in a 
recent letter to the writer says : 
"Many years ago I attended the 
Derby Academy at Derby Center, 
Vermont. My second term there was 
the first term in the new building, 
and there was an attendance of over 
two hundred. In those days rhetori- 
cal exercises were held once a week in 
the large hall, in the presence of the 
entire school. These occasions w r ere 
not usually impressive, but the third 
or fourth week of the term a young 
gentleman mounted the platform 
who. by his striking appearance and 
the forceful manner of his declama- 
tion riveted the attention of the en- 
tire school. I did not know him, but 
the boy at my side said he was John 
Mitchell from Salem. That effort es- 
tablished his reputation as the finest 
"speaker" in the school. It must 
have had some merit, for I remem- 
ber it vividly today, althought I have 



Hon. John M. Mitchell 



141 



not the slightest recollection of the 
rhetorical performance of any other 
boy. John was a good student as 
well as a good declaimer and above 
all a resolute fellow. He had even 
then determined to make much of 
himself if hard work would do it. 
and he never faltered for a moment 
until he had won out." 

The interest and solicitude of his 
parents regarding his progress and 
welfare during his schooldays was 
constantly manifest, no less than in 
his earlier years of home training. 
His father's interest and advice in 
his studies continued, and was of ma- 
terial advantage throughout, while 
the firm but kindly guidance of his 
mother along moral and religious 
lines was most effective in shaping his 
character and exalting his purpose in 
life. 

In the autumn of 18 <0, September 
6, having determined to enter upon 
the legal profession and having al- 
ready been for some months a regis- 
tered student with Edwards & Dick- 
erman. a prominent firm at Derby, 
young Mitchell went to Littleton. N. 
H.. and entered the office of Harry 
and George A Bingham, long known 
as the leading law firm of northern 
New Hampshire, where he continued 
his studies until his admission to the 
bar in March, 1872. returning home, 
however, the first winter to teach and 
to conclude his term of service as sup- 
erintendent of schools in Salem. 

Upon entering practice, he was at 
once received in partnership by 
Harry Bingham, the firm of H. and 
G. A. Bingham being then dissolved. 
It was the senior partner of that firm, 
indeed, with whom Mr. Mitchell had 
been most closely associated in his 
student days, and through which as- 
sociation continued in partnership re- 
lation his professional aspirations and 
standard and his code of legal ethics 
were established. And no man who 
in any substantial sense lived up to 
the professional standard set by 



Harry Bingham, if himself naturally 
well endowed, could fail to win high 
place in the ranks of his profession. 
Few indeed are they who have been 
favored with the tutelage and com- 
panionship of such a master mind, 
such a commanding genius not only 
in the domain of law, but in the entire 
field of human knowledge and the 
philosophy of life in its broadest and 
highest sense. 

Continuing in this partnership. Mr. 
Mitchell was a resident of Littleton 
until June. 1881. when, seeking 
broader opportunities for profes- 
sional service, he removed to Con- 
cord. Meantime Albert S. Batchel- 
lor. who entered the office as a 
student in 1872. had been admitted 
to the firm and later William H. 
Mitchell, a younger brother of John 
M.. also came in. first as a student 
and afterward as a partner, the firm 
name being successively changed to 
Bingham, Mitchell and Batchellor, 
and Bingham, Mitchells and Batchel- 
lor. While a citizen of Littleton. Mr. 
Mitchell was thoroughly alive to all 
the duties and obligations of citizen- 
ship, taking an active interest in pub- 
lic affairs and commanding the con- 
fidence of his townsmen in the high- 
est degree. He served two terms as 
a member of the board of education, 
and was one of the selectmen from 
1877 to 1879. While serving on the 
board of selectmen he secured the 
refunding of the town's bonded in- 
debtedness, then drawing 7 per cent., 
at the then remarkably low rate of 
1 per cent., a task pronounced im- 
possible of accomplishment by the 
most sagacious financiers of the town. 
In the year 1879 he was elected so- 
licitor for Grafton County, and ap- 
pointed to fill the vacancy in that 
office occasioned by the election of 
Maj. Evarts W. Farr, the then in- 
cumbent, to Congress from the Third 
District, for the balance of the term 
preceding his own regular incum- 
bency, which office he held, discharg- 



14 "J 



Hon. Joint 31. Mitchell 



ing its duties with rigid impartiality, 
and conscientious devotion until his 
removal to Concord iii 1881. 

For the past twenty-six years Mr. 
Mitel ie 11 has heen a resident of the 
Capital City, establishing his home at 
57 Rumford Street. Ward Four, and 
his office at first in the National 
State Capital Bank building and 
later in Sanborn's Block, corner of 
Capital and North Main, where he 
has remained throughout. The old 
partnership of Bingham & Mitchell 



opportunities which he sought in 
removal to Concord came in abund- 
ant measure. It is safe to say that 
the services of no lawyer in the state 
have been in greater demand than 
those of Mr. Mitchell in the last quar- 
ter of a century, and few, if any, 
have been engaged in more important 
litigation. While largely engaged in 
railroad cases, in which his success 
has been marked, his general practice 
has been extensive and has demanded 
his appearance at the bar in every 




Residence of Hon, John M. Mitchell. Rumford Street. Concord, N. H. 



was continued during the lifetime of 
Mr. Bingham, who spent consider- 
able time in the city and gave large 
attention to the business of the firm 
for several years, until his waning 
bodily powers, in the years immedi- 
ately preceding his death in 1900, 
compelled a gradual relinquishment 
of professional labor.* The enlarged 

*Mr. Bingham gave Mr. Mitchell, by his will, the 
gold-headed cane presented him by the Demo- 
cratic members of the Legislature in 1863, and 
also his law library. He also made him the exec- 
utor of his will, without bond, and one of his 
literary executors. 



county in the state, and often beyond 
its borders. As a member of the firm 
of Bingham & Mitchell, he was ac- 
tively engaged in the important series 
of suits, all vigorously contested, 
which established the railroad policy 
of New Hampshire, so far as the 
courts were concerned, viz. : Pearson 
v. the Concord Railroad, pending 
from 1878 till 1884. the determina- 
tion of which broke up the combina- 
tion by which the Northern and B. 
C. & M. controlled the Concord ; Burke 
v. the Concord Railroad, to break the 



Hon. John M. Mitchell 



143 



contract of August, 1881, by which a 
co-partnership had been formed be- 
tween the Concord and Lowell roads, 
through whose operation the offices of 
the former were all removed to Bos- 
ton, which suit was effective, the eon- 
tract voided, and the offices brought 
back to Concord within six months ; 
also Dow v. the Northern Railroad, 
to break the lease to the Lowell, in- 
stituted in 1884 and finally de- 
termined for the plaintiff in March. 

1887. He was also counsel for 
plaintiffs in B. C. & M., to break up 
the lease of the former to the Lowell, 
begun in 1884. In all these cases Mr. 
Mitchell was of counsel for the 
plaintiffs, performing the hard legal 
work, making all the briefs, and ar- 
ranging the important details of 
preparation for every issue involved. 
As indicative of the clearness and 
force of argument displayed in his 
briefs and papers in these cases, as 
in his arguments in all important 
cases with which he is connected, the 
following reference to his brief in the 
case of Burke against the railroad, 
from the pen of Senator Chandler, 
appearing in the Concord Monitor of 
December 3, 1881, may be cited: 

''The brief of Messrs. Bingham and 
Mitchell against the Boston. Lowell 
& Concord Railroad contract of Au- 
gust 19 is one of the ablest argu- 
ments ever written — systematic, 
logical, cogent. It clearly shows (1) 
that the joint partnership contract 
between the two roads is beyond the 
powers of the Concord Railroad; (2) 
that it is in violation of express 
statutes; and (3) that any stock- 
holder is entitled to prohibit it by bill 
in equity. A more complete and 
conclusive statement and demonstra- 
tive of the anti-consolidation side 
cannot be put upon paper." 

Mr. Mitchell was attorney for the 
Concord Railroad from 1884 till 

1888, and for the Concord & Mon- 
treal from 1891 till the lease of the 
same to the Boston & Maine. June 29. 



1895. since when he lias been counsel 
for the latter corporation. 

The late Chief Justice Charles Doe 
presided at the term of court at 
which Mr. Mitchell was admitted to 
the liar, and took a strong interest in 
his professional career. He fre- 
quently complimented him upon his 
law term work, and on different oc- 
casions when a vacancy occurred 
upon the bench, to be filled by a 
Democrat, urged him to consent to 
a recommendation for appointment. 
This, however, he has thus far de- 
clined to do. preferring to remain in 
practice. 

Although often spoken of, from 
the fact of his railroad association, 
as a "corporation lawyer." Mr. 
Mitchell is a friend of organized la- 
bor and all its legitimate aims and as- 
pirations. He was general counsel 
for the Granite Cutters' National 
Union during the entire period while 
the central office of that organization 
was in New Hampshire, and was fre- 
quently called to different parts of 
the country to adjust controversies 
and advise the local counsel and offi- 
cers of the union. 

While thoroughly devoted to his 
profession, and never allowing his at- 
tention to be diverted therefrom, to 
the neglect of its legitimate demands 
or the interests of his clients. Mr. 
Mitchell has always been mindful of 
the just claims of the public upon the 
individual, and has always had at 
heart the welfare of the community, 
the state and the country at large. 
Politically a Democrat, from early 
training and later conviction, he has 
been associated from youth with the 
Democratic party, standing firmly 
by its principles in all emergencies : 
but has never sought the direction of 
party affairs or promotion for him- 
self at its hands. He was appointed 
as the minority representative on the 
State Board of Railroad Commis- 
sioners in October. 1888. serving un- 
til his resignation in April. 1891. He 



144 



Hon. John M. Mitchell 



was elected to the legislature from 
Ward 4, Concord, in November, 1892, 
although the ward was decidedly Re- 
publican, his colleagues from the 
ward being Hon. Samuel C. Eastman, 
Hon. James 0. Lyford and Capt. 
Prank II. George, bis popularity be- 
ing demonstrated by the fact that he 
received a larger vote than either of 
his Republican colleagues, and larger 
than was cast in the ward for the Re- 
publican candidate for governor. 
Such was his recognized ability and 
standing as a lawyer, that he was as- 
signed to service on the Judiciary 
Committee in the legislature follow- 
ing, notwithstanding the fact that 




Mr, Mitchell's York Beach Cottage 

his colleagues, Eastman and Lyford, 
on account of their party prominence, 
had to be given places upon the same 
committee, thus presenting the un- 
paralleled spectacle of three members 
of this important committee from a 
single city ward. In 1002 he also 
represented his ward in the Consti- 
tutional Convention, along with Mr. 
Lyford and Gen. F. S. Streeter. serv- 
ing upon the legislative committee in 
that convention. His strength be- 
fore the people was again demon- 



strated by the vote cast for delegates, 
at the polls, Mr. Mitchell receiving 
a higher vote than either of his col- 
Leagues. 

He has frequently served as a 
member of the Democratic State 
Committee, and was president of the 
state convention of his party, for the 
election of delegates to the national 
convention, in May; 1888. He was 
the nominee of the Democrats in the 
state legislature for United States 
senator in 1003. and was a delegate- 
at-large from New Hampshire in the 
national Democratic convention at 
St. Louis in 1004, serving on the plat- 
form committee in that body. He 
was strongly urged to allow the use 
of his name as a candidate for the 
gubernatorial nomination in the state 
convention of his party in September, 
1902, but refused. Even then he 
was given a very considerable vote in 
the convention. 

Mr. Mitchell is now serving his 
third successive three years' term as 
a member of the Board of Education 
in Union School District of Concord, 
in the work of which board he has all 
along taken an active and valuable 
part. He was actively instrumental 
in the organization of the State 
Hoard of Charities and Correction 
and was the first president of such 
board, appointed in 1895. He has 
been a trustee of the New Hamp- 
shire Hospital for the Insane since 
1900, and was recently elected sec- 
retary of the board to relieve the 
Hon. Joseph B. Walker after his re- 
markably extended term of service. 
He is also a trustee of the Margaret 
Pillsbury General Hospital in Con- 
cord. He has been for many years a 
trustee of the Loan & Trust Savings 
Bank of Concord, and president of 
the same since 1905. succeeding the 
late John F. Jones. In 1900 he suc- 
ceeded the late John H. Pearson as a 
director of the National State Capital 
Bank. He has been for a long time 
one of the directors of the Mount 



Hon. John M. Mitchell 



1 15 



Washington Railway, and was re- 
cently elected clerk of the Concord 
& Montreal, succeeding Gen. F. S. 
Streeter. In 1886 he received the 
honorary degree of A. M. from Dart- 
mouth College. 

While catholic in the broad sense 
as well, in that he is devoid of all 
bigotry. Mr. Mitchell has been from 
boyhood a consistent adherent of the 
Roman Catholic faith, and is among 
the most prominent laymen of that 
church in New England. He was ac- 
tively instrumental in the establish- 
ment of the Catholic church of St. 
Rose of Lima at Littleton during his 
residence in that. town, and of The 
Star of the Sea at York Beach, Me., 
where he has a fine cottage, and has 
had his summer home for several 
years. He has been the legal ad- 
viser of the Roman Catholic Bishop 
of Manchester since the creation of 
the diocese in 1883, and, for some 
time previous of the Bishop of Port- 
land, as to civil matters in this state. 
He drew and procured the enactment 
of the law which made the Bishop of 
Manchester a corporation sole. His 
aid in legislative matters has also 
been frequently and freely extended 
to other religious denominations and 
bodies, seeking proper aid and recog- 
nition at the hands of the General 
Court, or for their protection when 
their interests have been threatened. 
He has always been interested in the 
charitable and benevolent work of 
the state, and drew and procured the 
passage of the act providing for the 
removal of dependent children from 



the vicious surroundings of county 
almshouses, as well as that creating 
the State Board of Charities, and de- 
fining its duties, to which reference 
has previously been made; and at 
various sessions of the legislature, 
when these laws have been assailed 
and threatened, he has conducted the 
campaign for their defence. He was 
appointed by Governor McLane a 
delegate from New Hampshire to the 
National Immigration Convention in 
New York, in December, 1905, 

As a public speaker Mr. Mitchell 
is not often heard, but whenever he 
speaks his remarks are always lucid, 
cogent, forceful and convincing. His 
formal addresses, which have been 
far fewer than pressing invitation 
and insistent demand have called for r 
have given evidence of deep thought, 
earnest conviction and high purpose. 
His Memorial Day address before E. 
E. Sturtevant Post, No. 2, G. A. R., 
of Concord, in May last, commanded 
marked attention, and elicited the 
highest commendation of thoughtful 
and patriotic minds. It is to be 
hoped that in time to come he will be 
able to respond more frecpiently to 
calls for public service in this direc- 
tion. 

Mr. Mitchell was united in mar- 
riage November 19, 1874, with. Julia 
C. Lonergan of St. Johnsbury, \t. 
They have had four children — three 
daughters and a son, of whom two 
daughters. Agnes and Marion, only 
survive, one daughter dying in in- 
fancy and a son, Leo. at the age of 
three vears. 



EOsadlffiK 



By George Warren Parker 



It was only a smile of sympathy 

And a word from a friend held dear. 

But. amid the grief of after life. 

It was these that brought great cheer. 



A LEGEND OP THE WARTBURG. 

By Fred Myron Colby 

Within the bright Thuringian land a castle of renown 
High crowns a hill-top where it stands a warder o'er the town. 
Through war and peace a thousand years it's kept its vigil there; 
Its gray old walls are mantled o'er with moss and ivy rare. 
Throughout the Middle Ages with their feudal pomp and state 
The Wartburg's ruling magnates were magnificent and great. 
Before the Landgrave's stately board a hundred minstrels played; 
Within its rooms, safe from his foes the great Reformer stayed. 
They show a dash of ink upon the richly dadoed wall, 
Which Luther at the Devil threw to oust him from the hall. 
Of all the old-time stories that enshrine the ancient pile. 
The roses of the Landgravine the most our hearts beguile. 

O grand was the Wartburg's glory when Landgrave Ludwig reigned; 

The minstrels played from morn till night, their music never waned; 

A hundred nobles feasted high within his stately hall, 

Where like a star his Landgravine in splendor shamed them all. 

A generous bounty she dispensed with proud and queenly grace; 

In every peasant's cottage they adored her fair, sweet face. 

She was a gracious lady she, queenly and good and fair; 

With eyes of heaven's own azure and shining golden hair. 

From Danube to the Elbe was nowhere held such princely state, 

And nowhere did the humble yield such service to the great. 

One year the harvests failed them all and famine stalked the land; 

In lowly cabins there was want and want in castles grand. 

Before the Wartburg's gateway tall thronged starving boys and girls, 

And rose the beggars' clamor and the voice of whining churls. 

The Landgravine, with pity touched, sent from her well-filled board 

In generous measure food to quell the hunger of the horde. 

So day by day she fed them, robbing still the castle's store, 

And day by day they gathered there and feasted at her door. 

But harder waxed the famine and the wailing fiercer grew; 

The castle's store grew thinner yet before that famished crew. 

The Landgravine's cheeks grew hollow and her face was sad and wan; 
But still she saved to feed her starving people, one by one. 
The Landgrave harshly chided her and bade her never more 
To share her food with beggars, and he drove them from the door. 
But oft her heart misgave her and she still her peasants fed, 
And shared with them her bounties and her daily dole of bread. 
She lightened all their sufferings and tried to calm their fears ; 
She spun and plied her needle, and her face was wet with tears. 
For of her husband's anger silently she stood in dread. 
And so she worked in secret and her starving peasants fed. 



The Landgravine's Roses 14 ~ 

One afternoon at sunset when the castle was asleep, 

Her lord had gone a-hunting. forth she went with halting feet. 

To bear a basket heaped with food to share with loving care 

Among her famished tenantry, the subjects of her prayer. 

When suddenly a tramp of horse and bugle's cheery blow. 

And lo! the Landgrave's hunting train swept through the sunset's glow. 

He looked with lowering visage on his trembling wife's pale face, 

As she her mantle o 'er the hamper drew with air of grace. 

* ' Seek ye your starving peasants ? Speak ! "What does your mantle hide ? ' 

The Landgrave questioned sternly, spurring closely to her side. 

She could not speak from terror then, but inwardly she prayed 
As he dismounted from his horse and on the basket laid 
His strong right hand of iron, as he roughly pushed aside 
The Landgravine's gay mantle and the basket opened wide. 
A wondrous miracle had passed ; the Landgrave stood amazed. 
Then humbly bent before his wife who on its contents gazed. 
A mass of blooming roses clustered there in white and red; 
Xo earthly flowers e'er before such potent incense shed. 
The Landgravine selected then the fairest rose in view. 
And with her trembling white hands decked her husband's cap anew. 
The Landgrave's eyes with light of wondrous softness on her shone, 
''Sweet wife, my angel.'' murmured he; "the Lord protects His own.'' 
******* 

Still upon its castled height stands the Wartburg, old and grand, 
Its hoary turrets watching o'er the green Thuringian land. 
Within its chapel's stately walls, beside her Landgrave bold. 
Now sleeps the saintly Landgravine, while centuries have rolled 
Their weight of war and woe upon their monuments of stone. 
The chiefest of their legends stands this miracle alone : 
The tourist hears with sympathy the ancient legend told. 
And dries a reminiscent tear above their storied mold. 



Spring H L©v@ TBn@© IBesft 

By Hevey Lucius Woodward 

Spring, thou comest — welcome guest — 
Of all the year I love thee best ! 
Thy promises do not withhold. 
Bring gifts to me. yea. manifold. 
My pulses quicken, — break the spell 
That holds my soul, my citadel. 

Thy laughter and thy lightsome mocd 

From cares of earth my thoughts have wooed; 

Thy whispered words of love intense 

Have won me in their innocence. 

As from thy throat bright beads of dew 

Flash back those forms my fancy drew. 




Tki 



iffa© 



B\j Lclia Weekes-Wilson 



In the centre of the pretty village 
of Barnstead, New Hampshire, there 
is a wide, open square known in that 
locality as the "Parade." 

The well-preserved church on one 
side, and the attractive post-office on 
the other stand sentinel for this old- 
time level stretch of close-cut green, 
where the soldiers of three wars have 
camped and drilled, and then gone 
marching away to battle. 

The deed setting aside this open 
space of land for the use of the town 
is interesting. 

'This is to certify that I. the sub- 
scriber, promise to give Charles 
Hodgdon, Rnfus Evans, Jonathan 
Young and Joseph Bunker, a commit- 
tee chosen by a body of men for the 
purpose of erecting a meeting-house 
in the north part of Barnstead. as 
committee-men for said proprietors, a 
deed of a piece of land for the use of 
the said meeting-house, any time when 
said meeting-house is built, and a 
parade 27 rods by Doctor Jewett's 



and running back from said road so 
far as 25 rods toward the river. 
Which is to be left as a square for 
said Parade; on which is not to be 
erected any building excepting for the 
use of said church or meeting-house 
any time when said committee shall 
demand it. Which is to be free as 
their property as long as there is a 
meeting-house to stand there. 

"As witness my hand, Barnstead 
May 1, 1796. 

Eli Bunker. 
"Benjamin Nutter 
' ' Benjamin Hodgdon 

"Recorded 1821 
"Enos George, 

"Town Clerk." 

Think of the tears shed over this 
hallowed place, tears of heartbreak at 
parting, tears of joy with the glad re- 
turn of tattered and broken ranks. 
Think of the good-byes and the glad 
welcomes ! 

If the very stones and the grass 



The Parade Ground 



14!) 



could only speak of the scenes enacted 
on this level bosom! The days and 
the uniforms of '75 and '61 and the 
Spanish War are passed. 
May the years to come bring peace. 

"Like strains of martial music, 

Their mighty thoughts suggest. 
Life's endless toil and endeavor ; 
But (today we) long for rest." 

May the passing centuries see no 



more the white camps of soldiers 
spread over this honored parade- 
ground. May the drills and the 
clarion calls he only those of playful 
boys and childish laughter. 

(May the nights) "be filled with 

music, 
And the cares that infest the day 
Fold their tents like the Arabs 
And as silently steal away." 



L@s& 



By Laura Garland Carr 

Eising and dipping in rhymithical motion. 
On the bright water serenely they ride. 

Bound for the market or bound for the ocean. 

Of fate impending they Ye not the least notion- 
Only that now down the river they glide. 

Thin clouds above them, as aimless are drifting, 
Shadows stretch lazily all down the way ; 

Boughs in the light wind are nodding and lifting. 

Sunbeams, through leaf rifts, are fitfully sifting; 
All the world seems just as idle as they. 

Warm, lapping waters about them are clinging. 

Little waves laughingly run up each side ; 
Through sedgy borders now plunging and singing. 
Now, from the boulders, in long curves outswinging. 

Over dark pools where the finny folk hide. 



Ah. if life's river would float us thus lightly! 

Xo hint of duty the conscience to jog ! 
No doubtful past to be thought of contritely ! 
No weary watch to hold daily and nightly ! 

What greater happiness ? None — for 



a log! 



D®veir h&mdmg horn 179% to 

[Read before the Northam Colonist Society] 
By Lydia A. Stevens 



During the fifty years ending about 
1842, the Landing was the hot coal of 
Dover. X. EL, enterprise. A glance 
at the Whitehouse map tells why. 
Nothing was done in local trade else- 
where in town. The river afforded a 
channel to Portsmouth, and so on out 
to sea, and the outer world. Dover 
was shut up to this water-way. 

So the Landing outpaced other sec- 
tions of the town. There came to live 
within its borders the bold and ener- 
getic, as well as the possessors of 
ready money, and, if a forceful man 
lived elsewhere, he spent his busiest 
hours near the water-front 

In a neglected locality, where the 
town lots remained unsold, and where 
still existed some traces of the ancient 
forest, there grew up a thriving busi- 
ness with the north country, and pay- 
ing relations with distant coast towns. 
Portland, Boston, New York, and even 
the West Indies, knew of this tide- 
water trading place. 

The selectmen were empowered to 
sell the town river lots in 1785. 
Many remained unsold for years. To 
prevent illegal use, leases were issued. 
The more desirable lots were those be- 
tween Main Street and the river, and 
in the rear of Nahum French's dram- 
shop. These had good wharf facil- 
ities. The leases ran for three years. 
Generally the lots were used for stor- 
ing lumber. The lessees wharfed up 
the lots and took the expense out of 
the rents. I have not been able to 
learn the names of the early occu- 
pants. However, the following sales 
were made at auction in June, 1841: 
Nat. W. Ela. $351; Moses Place. $385; 
Nahum French, $1,320; J. Savell and 
Tom Stackpole, $780 ; A. Pierce & Co., 



deed to Bartlett and Brock, $270; 
"Flagg lot" to Cocheco Mfg. Co., 
$155; one lot near Young's slaughter 
house, bidder's name now unknown, 
$150; J. Richardson, $500; C. W. 
Woodman, $319; I. A. Porter, $301; 
J. Richardson, $360. 

Many years -before the date of this 
story — certainly as early as 1770 — 
• piite an interest had grown up, 
through navigation and in other ways, 
on the Landing. For a time it lan- 
guished because of the war. But with 
the advent of the nineteenth cen- 
tury, interest revived. Straightway, 
dwelling houses, an in, large school- 
house, shops, storing sheds, and 
warehouses were erected, and the hir- 
ing, buying and building of vessels 
was begun anew. 

Of course, the river had been a 
highway of travel from the earliest 
times. Even at a date anterior to 
1770, West India trading vessels of a 
hundred tons burthen came up the 
river to the junction of the Cocheco 
and Berwick rivers, about three miles 
below the Landing. There they were 
reached by boats and rafts. But as 
before stated, the Revolutionary War 
brought a long interruption. In the 
old troubled days, men paddled to and 
from Portsmouth in canoes, and later 
both men and women made the trip 
in row-boats. The market was better 
at the down-river town. After the 
war of 1812, it was a common matter 
for women living on the banks of the 
Cocheco to go down and back alone, 
both by day and night. They pulled 
cross-handed, and asked odds of no 
one. But what with the building of 
the Portsmouth bridge, the passing up 
and down of so manv crafts, and the 



Dover -Landing 



151 



increasing opportunities for procur- 
ing supplies at home, the practice de- 
clined. 

Before the building of a bridge over 
the Pascataqua between the towns of 
Portsmouth and Kittery, in 1822, the 
river was navigable at all seasons of 
the year to Dover Point for all classes 
of vessels. Those drawing seventeen 
feet of water could come up the Co- 
checo four miles above the Point, and 
to within two and one-half miles of 
the Landing, and such as drew eleven 
feet could come at full tide to within 
a mile. During the second war with 
Great Britain, the frigate Congress 
and several large merchant vessels 
were moored in the Pascataqua or its 
branches higher up. 

The Portsmouth bridge was a seri- 
ous obstruction to the navigation of 
the river. Before it was built it 
never was considered difficult to pass 
up and down in gondolas, either by 
day or night. Afterward this class of 
boats had to start from Dover at about 
high water, and being rowed down the 
Cocheco to the Pascataqua River, and 
then being permitted to float with the 
tide, they would reach the bridge at 
about slack water. Sometimes they 
got through without much delay, but 
not infrequently they were detained 
in waiting for the right time of the 
tide, and thereby lost a favorable 
wind and had to lay by for a day or 
two. It was not considered safe to 
pass the draw by night. It took 
about four and a half hours to row a 
loaded gondola from Dover Landing 
to Portsmouth bridge. The master of 
a large vessel also had trouble with 
the bridge. He used to consider that 
when he had effected a passage, half 
of the voyage was made to Boston, 
about ninety miles the way he went. 

Vessels, in river talk, were called 
coasters, gondolas, and small boats, 
but the term packet was also applied 
to all except gondolas. 

Previous to 1807. Captain Clement 
sailed a schooner from Dover to Bos- 
ton and other ports. In 1815 Clem- 



ent owned and commanded a sloop in 
the same business, and a small pink- 
stern schooner in charge of Captain 
Pierce made similar trips. Pierce af- 
terward ran a large coaster for two 
years. He and Capt. James Went- 
worth built a sea-going schooner of 
about seventy tons. After two sea- 
sons they sold out, and built two 
small schooners, using them for four 
years, when one was lost. Then some 
one built a vessel of sixty tons, and 
called her Cordelier. This craft 
turned out remarkably seaworthy, 
and sailed from Dover to Boston, 
Newburyport, Cape Ann, Thomaston, 
Portland, and to other places, and 
back to Dover. The schooner Laurel 
was built and owned in Dover. She 
was engaged in the southern trade. 
Another boat, called Marion, was a 
Landing product and owned by 
Dover people. In 1826, a sloop 
called The Satellite, was bought out 
of town by Landing people and the 
Great Falls Manufacturing Co. She 
was of sixty tons burthen, and was 
used in a sort of partnership with 
the two schooners built by Pierce 
and Wentworth as above. Then a 
schooner called William Tell was put 
on the course between Dover and Bos- 
ton. It was of about seventy tons, 
and owned principally by the Great 
Falls Manufacturing Co., though the 
Landing had an interest. Shortly af- 
ter, possibly a year, another schooner 
of thirty tons, called the Young Tell, 
was bought by Moses P. Perkins of 
Dover, and employed for several sea- 
sons. The Landing and people from 
South Berwick built a schooner on 
what is now the city farm, calling it 
Volusia. Dover men controlled a 
sloop called the Flash and put it on 
the river. Another sloop, called 
Sally, of about thirty tons, was very 
profitable to her Landing owners. 
As many as six vessels were built on 
the Landing in a single year. The 
largest was built by Captain Rogers. 
It measured above six hundred tons. 
All these vessels were in the coasting 



1 52 



Dover Landing 



trade, and frequently made extended 
voyages. Without exception, they 
were c aanded by Dover men. An- 
drew Pierce. Jr., built a brig named 
Tin Elh a and Clara. 

Then the shrewder factors and 
owners in other interests on the Land- 
ing banded themselves together, and 
the first business combination in 
Dover was formed. With the col- 
lective capital, nearly all the sound 
and fast-sailing sea-boats were bought. 
The syndicate styled itself "The 
Despatch Line of Packets." Among 
the early directors were Moses Paul, 
Andrew Pierce, Nathaniel Young, 
Andrew Pierce, Jr. In a few years, 
the new business power had things 
about its own way, lasting 1 till the 
railroad in turn put it out of commis- 
sion. 

The syndicate constantly operated 
seven vessels, four from fifty to sixty 
tons, and cleared annually something 
over $20,000 from freights. To this 
was added the profit of its own ven- 
tures and the income from its small 
boats. 

The general government made ap- 
propriations for improving the navi- 
gation of the Cocheco River in 1835 
and 1837, five thousand dollars each 
year. The money was all laid out be- 
low the Landing by John T. Gibbs. 
Maj. Thomas Lee of South Berwick 
expended nearly as much in deepen- 
ing the Berwick branch about 1832. 

It is possible to mention a num- 
ber of men who commanded the 
schooners of the Despatch line. 
William Tell, Daniel Trefethen, mas- 
ter; William Penn, Archelaus Tre- 
fethen, master; The Pierce, John 
Card, master; The December, Clark 
Paul, master; Lafayette, James Ster- 
ling, master; Cocheco, Daniel Card, 
master. Charles Young, Paul Burley 
and Henry Card were occasionally 
employed. 

There were certain schooners 
owned only in part by the stockhold- 
ers of the Despatch line. Schooner 
Charles Henry, John Smith, 2d, mas- 



ter, owned by A. Pierce 3d and Co.; 
schooner Dover Packet, Tristram 
Griffin, master, owned by A. Pierce 3d 
and Co.; schooner Robert liantmil, Jr. 
T. N. Porter master, owned by Jo- 
seph Mori-ill Nathaniel Demeritt, 
William P. Estes, Josiah Hall and 
William S. McCollister. The Wash- 
ington, J. B. Guppey master, owned 
by A. Pierce, Jr., A. Pierce 3d, and 
Co., James Wentworth and J. B. 
Guppey. 

The gondolas were useful and car- 
ried a class of freight unsuitecl to 
other crafts. The Despatch Line did 
not meddle much with the gondola 
traffic. Among the Dover men reck- 
oned expert in the management of 
such craft were : Moses Young, John 
Sayles. Joseph Dame, Benjamin A. 
Ford, Stephen Twombly and Enoch 
Dunn. In 1815, and after, there 
were as many as ten gondolas owned 
constantly in Dover, whose business 
it was to ply on the river. There 
were two classes of gondolas; the 
larger could carry from thirty-two to 
thirty-six tons or eighteen cords of 
dry, hard wood. They could come 
from Portsmouth up to the Landing 
or South Berwick, with a fair breeze 
at half tide. 

The gondolas and schooners moved 
annually about seven hundred and 
fifty thousand dollars' worth of 
goods for the Cocheco Mfg. Co. One- 
half of the cotton used same to Ports- 
mouth Harbor, and the gondolas took 
it up the river. All the coal was 
freighted in the same way. The 
other half of the cotton, and other 
bulky material, came in coasters right 
up to the wharves. The finished 
goods of the company were shipped in 
coasters to Boston. 

In 1812 the value of all goods 
transported up and clown the river, to 
and from Dover to Portsmouth and 
by Portsmouth, was estimated by An- 
drew Pierce, Jr., at two millions, four 
hundred thousand dollars annually. 
As showing in part the business ac- 
tivity on the Landing at this date, it 



Dover Landing 



153 



may be stated that the Despatch Line 
of coasters was in the habit of bring- 
ing goods from Boston to Dover by 
the river for the section of country 
beginning at Durham, thence to 
Xorthwood, to Pittsfield, Gilmanton, 
Gilford. Meredith, New Hampton, 
Plymouth, Campton. Sandwich, Tam- 
worth, Ossipee. Effingham, Newfield, 
Acton. Shapleigh North Berwick, and 
South Berwick, Me., including said 
towns and all the country by said 
towns included. But this was not 
enough. The directors had many 
plans for establishing boat naviga- 
tion on Winnipesankee Lake. That 
secured, they would import goods for 
that section of the country for a dis- 
tance of twenty or thirty miles 
around Plymouth, and even reach up 
into Vermont. 

When it is understood that this 
Dover Despatch Line of coasters 
controlled only part of the crafts en- 
gaged in this trade, and did little of 
the gondola work, some idea of the 
volume of the Landing activity can 
be formed. Certainly this little sec- 
tion of Dover asserted itself. It 
came very near being Dover. 
Schooner captains and gondola skip- 
pers improved their conditions, many 
establishing homes, and a few laid by 
money. At least -two factors became 
rich and betook themselves to Boston. 

Boats especially made to carry 
small loads and a few passengers to 
and from Portsmouth were in use 
from an early date. In process of 
time, the river packet that some of 
us remember was evolved. The 
earliest were of about 10 tons meas- 
urement. But by 1834. keel boats of 
larger tonnage were employed. The 
larger ones were about 30 feet long 
and 10 feet beam, drawing 3 feet of 
water when light, and 5!/2 when 
loaded. This packet was rigged with 
a large lateen sail, bent to a long 
spruce yard which was slnng to a 
short oak stump by a chain. A rope 
and block-tackle, attached to the 
lower end of the long yard and the 



stern of the boat, served to hold the 
triangular sail at proper angle when 
the boat was in motion, and to lower 
and hoist the same when passing un- 
der and bevond a bridge. 

The boats carrying freight and pas- 
sengers plied between Dover and 
Portsmouth, Durham and Newmar- 
ket. The earliest boat I can name 
was called The Fox, owned and oper- 
ated by Capt. Stephen Twombly in 
1834. A few years later John Sa- 
ville and his brother, George, moved 
from Scituate, Mass., and built the 
Greyhound on the wharf near Ly- 
man's Yard. This packet was beau- 
tifully modelled and very fast. The 
Pierces owned this boat. It was 
sailed by Capt. Samuel Twombly, son 
of Stephen. The Greyhound took 
the place of The Fox, which was sold 
to Henry Coleman of Dover Neck. 
Captain Coleman rigged her with two 
masts, and took a pleasure party to 
Boston, Gloucester and Marblehead, 
then worked her on the river and 
eventually sold her to outside people. 
Then came the Zimri S. Wallingford, 
built by Toby and Littlefield on 
Noble's Island, Portsmouth. This 
was the largest keel packet that ever 
ran between Portsmouth and the 
up-river towns. James Rand was 
owner and skipper. He was very 
popular and was liberally patronized. 
Meanwhile, the Drew brothers, Wil- 
liam and George, had a packet built 
at Essex, Mass., and named her The 
Factory Girl. At first they sailed 
from Newmarket, eventually settling 
down to trips from the Landing. 
George Dunn bought the old packet 
Mentor, which formerly ran between 
Durham and Portsmouth, made re- 
pairs and changed the name to Eagle. 

That business was good is evi- 
denced by the fact that the entire 
fleet of gondolas had all the coal they 
could carry, and the river packets on 
pleasant days were loaded with light 
freight and passengers. In the sum- 
mer months there was one, and a con- 
siderable part of the season two daily 



154 



Dover Landing 



packets between Dover and Ports- 
mouth. On a promising day. with 
favoring wind, these graceful boats 
made a pretty picture in going out. 
Following each other closely, rigged 
alike and leaning at exactly the same 
atagle to the breeze, they swept 
swiftly behind the first curve of the 
winding shore, and so out of sight. 
On their return, each one shed its 
great triangular sail, as a tree casts 
its leaves, and came to moorage by 
the wharf. There has come down 



group of dingy buildings thai steal 
each other's lighl and air may be seen 
wluit is lefi of his dignified dwelling 
house. It is the fourth building on 
Main Street north of School Street, 
and a little northwest of the late Dan- 
iel IT. Wendell's brick residence. It 
squats at an angle to the road. A 
good many years ago, the rear be- 
came uninhabitable and was shorn 
away. Its age is shown by the style 
and contrast with close-upon neigh- 
bors. It is probably one hundred 




The Old Colonel Evans House 



through the years, a story concern- 
ing the Landing packet to the effect 
that this American modification of 
the Mediterranean felucca never was 
popular on our coast, except on the 
Pascataqua and branches and one of 
the rivers of North Carolina. But 
the new prosperity in this little terri- 
tory was not confined to shippers, 
skippers, sailors and river men. Col. 
Stephen Evans, who saw much active 
service at the capture of Louisbourg 
and in the Revolution, lived in this 
quarter and shared in the trading and 
ship-building bustle. Standing in a 



and eighty-four years old. His store, 
long ago pulled down, was on the 
south corner of Main and School 
Streets. Colonel Evans was the aris- 
tocrat of the Landing. Nathaniel 
Ela opened a tavern on Main Street, 
and Hosea Sawyer, brother of 
Thomas E., recognized the trend of 
things, and in 1825 completed the 
brick building now known as the 
Platts Block. When General Lafay- 
ette rode by, the workmen dropped 
their tools and cheered. 

Joseph Smith did not build or sail 
vessels. He became an enterprising 



Dover Landing 



l.v, 



trader, and operated stores in Farm- 
ington. Wolfeboro and Alton Bay. 
To these country centers his great ox- 
teams hauled leather, cloth, ship- 
bread, salt, fish, tobacco and rum. and 
brought back hoops, staves, hark, hay 
and other products. He accumu- 
lated money and in 1825 built the 
brick house on the Turnpike, owned 
by the late Benjamin Collins. Billy 
Palmer laid the brick, and he and 
all the workmen were paid by the 
day. A good story is extant about 
Billy. He was an expert workman 
and a good citizen, but was always 
ready to talk about public affairs. 
In the days we are concerned with, it 
was the practice to have a scream- 
ing oration on Independence Day. 
Robert Rantoul. a Massachusetts law- 
yer and politician of note, delivered 
the address. Everybody seemed sat- 
isfied, and no jarring note was heard 
till John P. Hale asked Billy how 
he liked it, "Well. Squire." said 
Billy. "I suppose it cost a good deal 
of money." "Oh, only seventy-five 
dollars." replied Hale. Whereupon 
Billy pushed out his lean chest and 
declared he would have done it for 
five. "Yes." said the rising advo- 
cate, "but would it have been so 
good?" "Ah. Squire, I warrant 
there wouldn't have been seventv dol- 
lars' difference." All told. Smith 
spent five thousand dollars on his 
house. To do this, he hired twelve 
hundred dollars. Only the interest 
was paid until his creditors took pos- 
session. This proceedure has been 
many times repeated in Dover. 
Smith's plank safe is still in exist- 
ence. He added baking to his reg- 
ular business. Mr. Collins tore out 
two large ovens upon taking posses- 
sion in 1868. In the end. Smith be- 
came involved through transactions 
with richer men. and for the rest of 
his days lived on his "wife's thirds." 
John Burns, father of Postmaster 
Patrick Burns, came from Ireland in 
1816 and worked in the mills at 
Meredith, Upper Factory and Dover 



proper. Then he shrewdly turned to 
the Landing. He neither risked life 
on river or sea. but traded his way 
into comparative opulence. About 
1825 he, too. built a dwelling house. 
It was the third brick house in Dover 
and still stands on Chapel Street. 
He married Polly Stark, niece of 
General Stark. 

Near this time, the upper part of 
the brick block on the easterly side of 
Main Street — opposite the Ela Tav- 
ern—was built. There were two 
stores, one occupied by Andrews 
Brothers for dry goods and the other 
by John Burns, owner, for West 
India goods. Later, another block 
was added, and in it Andrew Pierce 
3d conducted a great country trade 
and extensive shipping business. 

The old tannery adjusted itself to 
the new conditions. The proprietors 
were Messrs. Young & Young, broth- 
el's. When Xat was a representative 
in 1833. he receipted for his salary as 
Xat and Jerry Young. Jerry was 
esteemed soft, but his son became a 
collegian and sat in Congress. 

Blacksmiths, ship-carpenters and 
riggers abounded. William Hale 
set up a hardware shop. One Free- 
man came from Cape Cod and opened 
an oyster saloon. Enoch H. Nutter 
started a jewelry store. One Cald- 
well established a distillery. Brick- 
making was carried on. The Dovt r 
Sun, the third Dover newspaper, 
made its maiden bow from the Land- 
ing in 1795. In 1806. a new school 
house was built, and in the year fol- 
lowing Edward Sise sat in the teach- 
er's chair. The building is now 
called the Sherman school house. 
The Dover Landing aqueduct was es- 
tablished in 1824. 

Everybody on the Landing was at 
work. Ponderous two-wheel drays 
trundled about. Anvils rang from 
light till dark. There were many vis- 
itors from the North Country. The 
new brick school house, largest in 
town, was full of pupils. The fire 
companies held their annual meetings 



156 



Dover Landing 



at Ela's. At one time there were five 
practising lawyers on Main Street. 
Long credits and ample banking facil- 
ities followed. Slowly, but surely, 
incipient interest was nursed into 
productiveness. At all times there 
was an air of boldness and inspira- 
tion about Main Street and the 
wharves. 

Whether one or the other political 
party succeeded, the Landing was 
Democratic. Some impatience was 
manifested during the second war 
with Great Britain, but the peace 
party gained few recruits among the 
hardy river-men. On election days 
the Landing voters marched to the 
polls in long, irregular lines — big, 
frolicsome, unabashed. 

A few of the old inhabitants lived 
on. I remember Enoch S. Sherman, 
the great master of my husband's 
school days. He came to Dover as 
the ungraded teaching system was 
tottering to its close. Mich-iel Reed 
walked in the middle of the road 



when I was a little girl. Hulky 
Nahum French, he of the malevolent 
eye and flaming beard, still swung 
along the sidewalk, taller than an- 
cient Saul. Amasa Roberts, hunch- 
back, scholar and scold, was town 
clerk in Nutter's block and a fre- 
quent visitor in my school rooms. 
Pat Burns, the handsomest postmas- 
ter that ever turned over a love-let- 
ter in Dover was a familiar person- 
age. Andrew Pierce 3d lived near in 
a stately house. 

But this little bit of Dover avhs tied 
up to the boats on the river. Its 
dream was short. Its prosperity was 
in the way of the town's advance- 
ment. From the beginning it was 
doomed. It gave way to the rail- 
roads, and nothing of its former in- 
fluence survives. No power can re- 
store its past. Even the names of the 
people I have mentioned have long 
ceased to be syllabled by living men. 
Thev exist only in musty ledgers and 
saffron-colored business letters. 



By Emily E. Cole 



I know a glade where wild-flowers 
Near drifts of chill, belated snow, 
Where hemlocks cast a somber shade, 
And joyous Daylight goes afraid. 



grow 



Where first the phcebe pipes his note, 
And blue-bird swells his tuneful throat, 
When ice-fringed brooks so softly go 

sweet and low. 



To tinkling music 



When strong the sap leaps in the trees, 
And briny odors freight the breeze ; 
Before the maple's buds are red, 
They shyly hasten from their bed. 



Touched by the Spring's awak'ning kiss 
Each flowret blushes in its bliss, 
And all its wealth of perfume rare 
Pours in libation on the air. 

Chicago, III., April, 1907. 



HSU 






/>// William 8. Harris 



The Calef and Calfe families in 
this country are nearly all descended 
from Robert Calef, the famous "Mer- 
chant of Boston in New England," 
vdio was a hero in the memorable con- 
troversy over the strange and horrible 
''Salem witchcraft delusion" of two 
hundred years ago. 

Branches of the Calef family have 
been prominent in Portsmouth, Ex- 
eter, Kingston, Hampstead, Chester, 
Sanbornton, Salisbury, and other 
towns in New Hampshire, and mul- 
titudes of descendants of Calefs in 
that and other names are scattered 
over New Hampshire and the other 
states of our Union. 

It is believed that Robert Calef was 
of English origin, and that he came to 
Boston from England before 1688, ac- 
companied by his wife, Mary, and six 
children. He was born about 1648. 
He became a clothier, or woolen 
merchant, in Boston, where he resided 
until the antipathy aroused by his ad- 
vanced and bold stand on the witch- 
craft question drove him to seek a 
residence in Roxbury about 1708. 
Here he lived on the corner of Wash- 
ington and Eustis streets, and he was 
buried in the old Roxbury burying 
ground on the opposite corner of the 
same streets. The inscription on his 
gravestone is still distinct, and reads 
as follows : 

Here Lvef Buried 
The Body of M r 
ROBERT CALEF 

Aged Seventy one 

Years. Died April 

The Thirteenth 

1719. 

He lies in good company, the two 
governors Dudley, Chief Justice Paul 



Dudley, John Eliot, apostle to the In- 
dians, and others scarcely less dis- 
tinguished, being buried in the same 
yard. 

Of Robert Calefs life but little is 
known aside from his connection with 
the witchcraft delusion, but his lit- 
tle book, entitled "More Wonders of 
the Invisible World," bears unmis- 
takable testimony to his progressive 
spirit, sincerity of purpose, courage, 
and level-headedness, as well as his 
more than ordinary literary ability. 

In the year 1692 there raged that 
strange and terrible craze called the 
witchcraft delusion, having its seat 
chiefly at Salem, Mass. The best and 
most intelligent of the citizens seemed 
to lose their wits with the ignorant 
and superstitious, until twenty per- 
sons were put to death as witches, 
often on the most absurd and whim- 
sical testimony, and about 150 others 
had been accused and imprisoned be- 
fore the public mind awoke from the 
horrible nightmare. 

The Rev. Dr. Cotton Mather, the 
influential pastor of the North 
Church in Boston, wrote a book re- 
counting with full credulity some of 
these witchcraft cases, entitled ''The 
Wonders of the Invisible World." 
Robert Calef was not only sufficiently 
advanced beyond his times to disbe- 
lieve in these "heathenish notions," 
as he calls them, but bold enough to 
write in opposition to the influential 
Mather and other leading men of the 
times. His book was entitled "More 
Wonders of the Invisible World, or 
The Wonders of the Invisible World 
Displayed. In Five Parts. Col- 
lected by Robert Calef. Merchant of 
Boston, in New England.". It was 



l.-»s 



Robert Calef 



originally printed in London, Eng- 
land, by X. Ilillar. in 17(M). as ;i small 
quarto of 168 pages. Copies of this 
first edition are now rare and valu- 
able. It was reprinted in Salem, 
Mass.. in 1796, and again in 1823, and 
in Boston in 1828. There have also 
been later editions. 



prepared several able papers in dif- 
ferent forms, in which he discussed 
the subject with great ability, and 
treated Cotton Mather and all others 
whom he regarded as intsrumental in 
precipitating the community into the 
fatal tragedy, with the greatest se- 
verity of language and force of Ionic. 





^B~TvT C \LET j 

evened Seuencv one 

! ? 1 



i 1 




Robert Calef s Gravestone. Old Roxbury Burying Ground 



Charles W. Upham, in his ''Salem 
Witchcraft," thus speaks of Calef 
and his work : 

'His strong faculties and moral 
courage enabled him to become the 
most efficient opponent, in his day, of 
the system of false reasoning upon 
which the prosecutions rested. He 



holding 



up the whole procedure to 
merited condemnation. They were 
first printed at London in 1700, in a 
small quarto volume, under the title 
of 'More Wonders of the Invisible 
World.' This publication burst like 
a bomb-shell upon all who had been 
concerned in promoting the witch- 



Robert Calef 



159 



craft prosecutions. Cotton Mather 
was exasperated to the highest pitch. 
He says in his diary: 'He sent this 
vile volume to London to be pub- 
lished, and the book is printed; and 
the impression is. this day week, 
arrived here. The books that I have 
sent over into England, with a de- 
sign to glorify the Lord Jesus Christ, 
are not published, but strangely de- 
layed ; and the books that are sent 
over to vilify me. and render me in- 
capable to glorify the Lord Jesus 
Christ, — these are published.' Ca- 
lef 's writings gave a shock to 
Mather's influence, from which it 
never recovered." 

Francis S. Drake says in his "Dic- 
tionary of American Biography": 

''Such was the prevalence of the 
belief which he so powerfully at- 
tacked that, unable to publish his de- 
fense in Boston, it was printed in 
London in 1700. * * * Its 
plain facts and common sense argu- 
ments contributed, notwithstanding 
the learned and powerful were its 
opponents, most essentially to * a 
change of public opinion. Dr. In- 
crease Mather (father of Cotton), 
president of Harvard College, or- 
dered the wicked book to be burnt in 
the college yard. The members of 
the Old North Church published in 
1701 a defense of their pastors, the 
Mathers, entitled 'Remarks upon a 
Scandalous Book Against the Gov- 
ernment and Ministry of New Eng- 
land.' with the motto 'Truth will 
come off Concjueror. ' The complete 
triumph of Calef turned the satire 
upon them ; judges and jurors con- 
fessed their errors, and the people 
were astonished and ashamed of their 
follies. Justice was. however, with- 
held from him in his day. and traces 
of his unpopularity are discoverable 
in several proceedings of the town." 

No bookseller in Boston had the 
courage to offer Calef 's book for sale, 
or dared to give it shop-room. (S. 
G. Drake's "Witchcraft Delusion in 
New England.") Indeed. Calef was 



at one time caused to be arrested by 
the Mathers for scandalous libel, but 
was not brought to trial. 

The author above quoted, Francis 
S. Drake, shvs in another publication 
(Winsor's "Memorial Historv of Bos- 
ton") : 

"Another name that deserves to be 
held in grateful remembrance by pos- 
terity is that of Robert Calef, a na- 
tive of England ; by occupation a 
clothier and husbandman, and who at 
the time of his death. April 13, 1719, 
at the age of seventy-one, was one of 
the selectmen of Roxbury. At a 
time when all were carried away by 
the witchcraft delusion, and when the 
excited multitude verily believed that 
Satan had been let loose among 
them, this clear-headed, courageous 
citizen almost single-handed opposed 
the popular madness and let in the 
pure rays of truth and common sense 
upon the dark shadows of supersti- 
tion around him." 

Savage in his "Genealogical Dic- 
tionary" says that Calef 's book 
"served to prevent a renewal of the 
horrid tragedies that the patrons of 
delusion, unsatisfied with their sad 
experience, would surely have at- 
tempted. "When President Mather 
ordered the modest work to be burned 
in the college yard, he failed in true 
policy almost as deeply as if he had 
prevailed to obtain similar treatment 
of the body of the author, as of his 
volume, and his own power in the 
institution that had long suffered as 
by nightmare ceased in a few weeks." 

Rev. Samuel Mather, a son of Cot- 
ton, wrote in 1728. referring to Ca- 
lef: "There was a certain disbe- 
liever of witchcraft, who wrote 
against my father's book, 'The Won- 
ders of the Invisible World.' but the 
man is dead; his book died long be- 
fore him." If the book died, it had 
a resurrection, and is now to be 
found in at least two editions re- 
printed together with the companion 
volume of Mather. 

The quotations already given are 



100 



Robert Calef 



amply sufficient to show that Robert 
Calef was a hero from whom all his 
posterity may well be proud to claim 
descent. But let us turn for a mo- 
ment to the realm of poetry. The 
poet Whittier, so well versed in the 
hist: ry and traditions of New Eng- 
land, and so quick to appreciate any 
reformer or hero whose ideas were in 
advance of his age, or who suffered 
persecution in any form for con- 
science's sake, has devoted a fine poem 
to the memory of Robert Calef. The 
opening stanzas of "Calef in Boston, 
1692" are as follows: 

In the solemn days of old, 

Two men met in Boston town, 

One a tradesman frank and bold, 
One a preacher of renown. 

Cried the last, in bitter tone, 

' ' Poisoner of the wells of truth ! 

Satan's hireling, thou hast sown 
With his'tares the heart of youth !" 

Spake the simple tradesman then, 
"God be judge twixt thou and I; 

All thou knowest of truth hath been 
Unto men like thee a lie. 

^Falsehoods which we spurn today 
Were the truths of long ago; 

Let the dead boughs fall away, 
Fresher shall the living grow." 

The poem further declares : 

In the ancient burying ground. 

Side by side the twain now lie, 
One with humble grassy mound, 

One with marbles pale and high. 

This statement is not to be taken 
too literally, for the Mathers are bur- 
ied in Copp's Hill burying-ground, 
and Robert Calef in Roxbury. The 
poem finally closes thus : 

But the Lord hath blessed the seed 
Which the tradesman scattered 
then, 

And the preacher's spectral creed 
Chills no more the blood of men. 



Let us trust, to one is known 

Perfect love which casts out fear, 

While the other's joys atone 

For the wrong he suffered here. 

Whittier elsewhere (in "The 
Double-Headed Snake of Newbury") 
characterizes Mather as follows : 

Cotton Mather came galloping down 
All the way to Newbury town, 
With his eyes agog and his ears set 

wide, 
And his marvelous inkhorn at his 

side; 
Stirring the while in the shallow pool 
Of his brains for the lore he learned 

at school, 
To garnish the story, with here a 

streak 
Of Latin, and there another of 

Greek ; 
And the tales he heard and the notes 

he took, 
Behold ! are thev not in his Wonder- 
Book ? 

A few quotations from Calef 's 
book will now be in order, giving, in 
his own language, some of his ideas 
on the subject that at the time was 
of so vital interest to all. In the 
preface, or "Epistle to the Reader," 
which 'is dated August 11, 1697. he 
says, respecting his purpose in writ- 
ing the book: "Truly I take this to 
be just as the devil would have it, 
so much to fear disobliging men, as 
not to endeavor to detect his wiles, 
that so he may the sooner, and with 
the greater advantages, set the same 
on foot again (either here or else- 
where) so dragging us through the 
pond twice by the same cat (cord or 
rope). And, if reports do not herein 
deceive us, much the same has been 
acting this present year in Scotland. 
And what kingdom or country is it 
that has not had their bloody fits 
and turns at it? And if this is such 
a catching disease, and so universal, 
I presume I need make no apology 
for my endeavors to prevent, as far 



Robert Calef 



101 



as in my power, any more such 
bloody victims or sacrifices ; though 
indeed I had rather any other would 
have undertaken so offensive, though 
necessary, a task ; yet, all things 
weighed, I had rather thus expose 
myself to censure than that it should 
be wholly omitted." 

The prevalent belief he character- 
ized as "that hobgoblin monster, 
witchcraft, whereby this country was 
nightmared and harassed, at such a 
rate as is not easily imagined. ' ' 

As to the "doctrinals" of his own 
belief concerning the subject of 
witchcraft, he sums up some of them 
in brief in a letter to Cotton Mather 
in 1693, referring to a previous let- 
ter: "In which I again prayed that 
if I erred I might be shown it by 
scripture, viz-, in believing that the 
devil's bounds are set, which he can- 
not pass — that the devils are so full 
of malice that it can't be added to 
by mankind — that where he hath 
power, he neither can nor will omit 
executing it — that it is only the Al- 
mighty that sets bounds to his rage, 
and who only can commission him to 
hurt or destroy any ; and conse- 
quently to detest, as erroneous and 
dangerous, the belief that a witch can 
commission devils to afflict mortals — 
that he can at his or the witch's pleas- 
ure assume any shape — that the hang- 
ing or drowning of witches can lessen 
his power of afflicting, and restore 
those that were at a distance tor- 
mented by him." 

Although the author of "More 
"Wonders" was so conspicuous a 
character at the time, yet a strange 
error regarding his identity has pre- 
vailed for many years and until re- 
cently. This error was in supposing 
that the author of the book was Rob- 
ert Calef, Jr.. the son of the first 
Robert. Savage made the statement 
(1860), and later writers followed 
him, even Justin Winsor in his "Me- 
morial History of Boston," inclining 
to accept this view. But investiga- 
ions within a few vears have shown 



conclusively that the father was the 
author. Indeed, it is remarkable that 
a controversy of this character and 
writings which were so evidently the 
product of a mature mind, should 
ever have been credited to one who 
could have been but a mere vouth. 
Samuel G. Drake in ' ' The Witchcraft 
Delusion in New England" calls 
Robert, junior, the author, and at the 
same time says that he died about the 
end of the year 1722. aged about 
forty-five. This would make him but 
a lad of sixteen in 1693, when the first 
writings composing the "More Won- 
ders" were dated, and but twenty 
when the whole book was ready for 
the printer — a preposterous suppo- 
sition. 

Moreover, the name on the title 
page is not Robert Calef, Jr.. as it 
should have been if it were the work 
of the son. as the father was yet liv- 
ing. It is worth mentioning as col- 
lateral testimony that in the sermon 
preached by Rev. John Kelly at the 
funeral of Justice John Calfe of 
Hampstead. N. H., in 1808, it is 
stated that it was an ancestor of his 
who wrote the book, which would not 
be the case if Robert, junior, were the 
author. A family tradition put in 
print so long ago should have great 
weight. 

But there is absolutely indisputable 
evidence on this point. In the Lenox 
Library in New York City there is a 
copy of the "More Wonders" con- 
taining the following written inscrip- 
tion: "Presented to the Earl of 
Bellamont. from the author. Robert 
Calef. ' ' The signature of the author 
in this inscription has been compared 
with the known autograph of Robert, 
senior, and found to be identical with 
it. while it is totally unlike that of 
Robert, junior. 

As the identity of this famous hero 
and author of "More Wonders of the 
Invisible World" is of some import- 
ance to his posterity, reference may 
be made to the following among the 
authorities which give the matter cor- 



162 



Robert Calef 



rectly: Francis S. Drake's "History 
of Roxbury," 1878., p. 149; "New 
England Historic and Genealogical. 
Register," vol. XXX. p. 461; Alli- 
bone's "Dictionary of Authors"; 
Thomas' "Dictionary of Biography." 

In regard to the spelling of the 
name, it appears that Robert, senior, 
always spelled it Calef. but that his 
descendants for the next three or four 
generations commonly followed the 
spelling Calfe, which doubtless repre- 
sented the popular pronunciation ; all 
seem now to have returned to the 
original orthography. On the early 
records the name frequently appears 
as "Calf," and on one Ipswich docu- 
ment of 1699 appears the name of 
"Mr. Joseph Califfe." 

Robert Calef, Sr., died April 13, 
1719, aged seventy-one. His widow, 
Mary, survived him only till Novem- 
ber 12 following. His will was 
proved June 3, 1720, and his grand- 
son, Joseph Calef, of Ipswich, was the 
executor, and in 1726 divided the 
estate. 

Robert and Mary Calef had four 
sons and two daughters, who came 
with them to this country and lived 
to adult age. Boston records show 
that two more sons were born to them 
there, but died before reaching ma- 
turity. 

Children. 

I. Joseph, the oldest son, was a 
clothier and physician and settled in 
Ipswich Mass. He was born about 
1671 and died December 28, 1707, 
aged thirty-six. He married. May 2, 
1693. Mary Aver. Of their six chil- 
dren, Ebenezer was a judge in Nan- 
tucket; Peter was a physician in 
Charlestown, Mass ; Joseph, the exe- 
cutor of his grandfather's will, was a 
tanner in Boston, his tan-yards being 
on the site of the present post-office; 
and Robert, a clothier in Ipswich, who 
married Margaret Staniford, was the 
father of Dr. John Calef. the famous 
Tory in the Revolution, who became 
surgeon-general and chaplain in the 



British army, and died in St. An- 
drews. X. B.. in 1812. 

II. Robert, Junior, was a cloth- 
ier and lived in Boston. He was 
born about 1677, and died at Chat- 
ham, Mass., December 4, 1722. He 
married. December 23, 1699, Marg- 
aret Barton of Boston, and had eight 
children. James, his only son living 
when his will was made in 1720. was 
to receive £100 more than the daugh- 
ters when he became of age, and also 
£200 "for defraying the charges of 
bringing him up to the Collig, if he 
inclines to Laming." 

III. John of Chester. N. H., will 
be treated more fully below. 

IV. Jeremiah was a clothier and 
settled in Portsmouth, N. H., and in 
1722 removed to Exeter, where he 
died in the spring of 1763. He mar- 
ried, December 2, 1708, Lucy Chad- 
bourne of Kittery, Me. They had four 
children: (1) Jeremiah, Jr., of Ex- 
eter; (2) Daniel, buried in the Gran- 
ary burying ground. Boston, the an- 
cestor of William Wallace Lunt of 
Hingham, Mass., the Calef family his- 
torian : (3) Lucy, who married Will- 
iam French, Jr., of Stratham; (4) 
James, who married Ruth, daughter 
of Oliver Smith of Exeter, and was 
the ancestor of the Calef family of 
Sanbornton, in which town he died in 
1801. Among his descendants was 
the late Judge Arthur Benjamin 
Calef of Middletown. Conn., state 
treasurer of Connecticut in 1855 _ '56, 
a distinguished son of Sanbornton. 

V. Martha, married. September 28, 
1700, Solomon Hewes, lived in Ports- 
mouth, X. H.. and Wrentham. Mass., 
dying in the latter place at a great 
age. March 4. 1759. She was the 
grandmother of George R. T. Hewes, 
one of the party who threw the tea 
overboard in Boston harbor, Decem- 
ber 16, 1773. 

VI. Mary, married, October 9, 
1712, Dr. Samuel Stevens of Roxbury. 
Mass. Their daughter, Mary, mar- 
ried. May 29. 1740, Joseph Warren, 



Robert Calef 



163 



and became the mother of Gen. Jo- 
seph Warren, who was killed at the 
Battle of Bunker Hill. 

VII. Edward, born in Boston, Jan- 
uary 30, 1689. 

VIII. Daniel, born in Boston, De- 
cember 27, 1691 ; died young. 

John, mentioned above, was the an- 
cestor of the Calef or Calfe families 
of Chester, Kingston, Hampstead and 
Salisbury. N. H. He was a clothier, 
settled in Newbury, Mass., and about 
173-4 removed to Chester (the part 
now Auburn), of which town he was 
one of the original grantees, and 
where he died in the spring of 1748. 
He married, June 10. 1702, Deborah, 
daughter of William and Deborah 
King of Boston. They had nine 
children, the births of the first seven 
being on Newbury records. (1) 
John of Newbury, a school-teacher, 
called "Master John." His son. 
Justice John, settled in Hampstead, 
and was a very prominent citizen, be- 
ing an officer in the Revolution, sec- 
retary of the convention for forming 
the state constitution and of the con- 
vention for ratifying the Federal con- 
stitution, clerk of the New Hampshire 
House of Representatives twenty-five 
years, justice of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas for Rockingham County 
for an equal time and deacon of the 
church thirty-five years. The late 
Judge William Wallace Poor of 
Derry was among his descendants. 
(2) Deborah died young (3) Dea- 
con William removed from Newbury 
to Kingston 1740. Two of his 
sons. William, Jr.. and Joseph, were 
early settlers of Salisbury. N. H.. and 
were the progenitors of the numerous 
Calef family of that town, while the 
oldest. Colonel John, remained in 
Kingston, and was an officer in the 
Revolution and a deacon in the 
church. The latter 's oldest son, Jo- 
seph, married Miriam, daughter of 
Gov. Josiah Bartlett, signer of the 



Declaration of Independence, and 
among their descendants was the late 
Dr. Josiah Calef Eastman of Hamp- 
stead. Colonel John's daughter, 
Mary, married Rev. Zaccheus Colby 
of Pembroke and Auburn, and an- 
other daughter, Hannah, married 
Rev. Elisha Thaver, D. D.. of Kings- 
ton. 

(4.) Mary married Nathaniel Eth- 
ridge. 

(5.) James settled in Auburn and 
removed to Haverhill. Mass. He and 
his son, Samuel, were taken prisoners 
by the French and Indians at Fort 
William and Henry, August 9, 1757. 

(6.) King settled in Auburn and 
removed to Massachusetts. 

(7.) Joseph settled in Auburn. 
One of his. sons was Rev. Jonathan 
Calef of Bloomfield and Lyman, Me., 
who married Elizabeth, daughter of 
Rev. Moses Hemmenway, D. D.. of 
Wells. Me. Other descendants of 
Joseph have lived in Manchester, Au- 
burn, and Hampstead, and among the 
number is Miss Harriette Eliza Noyes, 
the historian of Hampstead. 

(8.) Daniel had a son, Moses; lit- 
tle is known of them. 

(9.) Robert settled with his father 
in Auburn, where they had a saw- 
mill and fulling-mill. They had 
cloth brought 200 miles to be dressed, 
there being no fulling mill between 
there and Canada. Robert's daugh- 
ter, Sarah, married Hon. Joseph 
Blanchard. a prominent citizen of Au- 
burn, a state senator six terms and 
member of the governor's council two 
years, delegate to the convention 
which ratified the Federal constitu- 
tion, and to that which formulated 
the state constitution, a Presbyterian 
ruling elder thirty-nine years. Their 
descendants are widely scattered, east 
and west. 

Note.— The writer acknowledges his indebted- 
ness, for many of the facts stated in this article, 
to William W. Lunt of Hingham, Mass., and Miss 
Helen W. Poor of Derry. 



Prehistoric America 



By Edward J. Gallagher 



All researches made with the intent 
of gaining more knowledge of the pre- 
historic America — its topography, 
people and animals — never lack in in- 
terest to students, but the handicap 
under which such valuable work is 
accomplished ever remains a strongly- 
fortified barrier, and the attempts to 
assail and surmount it often cause our 
student ardor to wane. 

Unlike our cousins in Europe, we 
have no ruins of kingdoms and castles 
and cathedrals and monasteries, nor 
ancient manuscripts laboriously 
scrawled by painstaking historians, to 
assist us in the search. But simply 
because there are no ruins, no one can 
prove his claim that large and thriv- 
ing communities did not exist in our 
country and were subsequently wiped 
away, before the discovery, even 
though it is regarded as highly im- 
probable on nearly all sides. And as 
for the manuscripts, the fathers of 
the new nation were far too busy 
clearing the land and tilling the soil 
of America and battling with various 
of its two-legged and four-legged in- 
habitants for the right of eminent 
domain to find time to "take their 
pens in hand." But should they 
have done so, they could have told us 
little, for what we desire is a chron- 
icle of the conditions existing cen- 
turies before their day. This com- 
prises our barrier. The long period 
of years from the formation to the 
landing of Columbus is a blank which 
we cannot well fill. We have a mul- 
titude of deductions and much of 
scientific guess-work, but there are 
no positive facts. All are probabil- 
ities which cannot be verified, for we 
have nothing to verify by. In the 
Middle Western States, and even in 
our own Carroll County, there are 
to be found vet curious structures of 



earth wrought by those mystic people, 
called Mound Builders for the want 
of a better name. Whence they came 
and where they went no mortal 
knows. And all else pertaining to 
the Dark Period is equally indefinite. 

Our only resource is in tradition, 
and for this we must accept the wildly 
exaggerated tradition of the imagin- 
ative red man chronicled by even more 
imaginative writers of the school of 
Cotton Mather. Indian tradition is a 
study in itself, and while it is replete 
with gross exaggeration, the student 
may glean much of value from it. 
There is so much to be taken with a 
"grain of salt," however, that one is 
puzzled always as to what to believe 
and what not to believe. The writer 
finds an excellent example of it in an 
excerpt from a tattered issue of the 
Concord Herald, the first newspaper 
published in Concord, dated March 
30, 1791. It is a tradition, we are 
told, which exists among the natives 
and "is given in the very terms of a 
Shawnese Indian, who related it, to 
shew that the impression had been 
more forcible." 

"Ten thousand moons ago, when 
naught but gloomy forests covered 
this land of the sleeping sun — long 
before the pale men, with thunder 
and fire at their command, rushed 
on the wings of the wind to ruin this 
garden of nature ; when naught but 
the untamed wanderers of the woods, 
and men as unrestrained as they, 
were lords of the soil ; a race of ani- 
mals were in being, huge as the 
frowning precipice, cruel as the 
bloody panther, swift as the descend- 
ing eagle, terrible as the angel of 
night. The pines crashed beneath 
their feet, and the lake shrunk when 
they slaked their thirst ; the forceful 
javelin in vain was hurled, and the 



Prehistoric America 



165 



barbed arrow fell harmless from their 
sides. Forests were laid waste at a 
meal — the groans of expiring animals 
were everywhere heard; and whole 
villages, inhabited by men, were de- 
stroyed in a moment. The cry of 
universal distress extended even to 
the region of peace in the west, and 
the good spirit interposed to save the 
unhappy. The forked lightning 
gleamed all around, and loudest thun- 
der rocked the globe. The bolts of 
heaven were hurled upon the cruel 
destroyers alone, and the mountains 
echoed with the bellowing of death. 
All were killed except one male, the 
fiercest of the race, and him even the 
artillery of the skies assailed in vain. 
He ascended the bluest summit which 
shades the source of the Monogahala, 
and, roaring aloud, bid defiance to 
every vengeance. The red lightning 
scathed the lofty firs, and rived the 
knotty oaks, but only glanced upon 
the enraged monster. At length, 



maddened with fury, he leaped over 
the waves at a bound, and this mo- 
ment reigns the uncontrolled monarch 
of the wilderness, in despite of even 
Omnipotence itself." 

This quaint tradition is in perfect 
accord with the views of the people 
of a century ago, as we judge it from 
the press of the time. They were 
principally interested in the size and 
mightiness and wondrous doings of 
their predecessors, particularly' the 
animals, upon the soil. Consequently 
nearly all tradition deals with this 
phase. And this treatment, unfor- 
tunately, does not prove satisfactory. 
"We study it, and then sum up and 
find that we have gotten little but an 
appetite for more knowledge of the 
Dark Period, which cannot be ap- 
peased, for the knowledge is not 
forthcoming. The people who inhab- 
ited our country then lived in a dim 
age, their origin, their nature, their 
fate we cannot learn, and their 
storv todav remains untold. 



B&@&frs&ff$ 



By Cyrus A. Stone 

Grand mountain of my native land, 

Rising in peerless majesty, 
And gazing toward the far-off strand, 

Where rolls the sad and solemn sea ! 
While earth's lost tribes forgotten sleep, 

While kings and kingdoms rise and fall. 
Through the long centuries thou dost keep 

Thv ceaseless watch above them all. 



New London from her classic heights 

Goes forth to greet thee with the morn 
And marks the shifting shades and lights 

With which another day is born, 
And gathers from thy cliffs sublime, 

Thy hoary brow thy honored name, 
New strength and vigilance to climb 

The steeps of learning and of fame. 



166 Kearsarge 

I've seen thee m thy varying moods. 

In rain of tears or wreath of smiles. 
And through the sombre solitudes 

Forth issuing from thy dark defiles, 
['ve seen the storm's black legions fly, 

Armed with the thunder and the rain, 
The embattled warriors of the sky 

In swift foray o'er Salisbury plain. 

The torrent and the avalanche 

Have ploughed deep furrows on thy brow 
When rending crag and shivering branch 

Went crashing to the vale below ; 
When to the quiet homes of yore 

Death flew along thy forest path 
And fear and terror fled before 

The unchanied whirlwind's reckless wrath. 

But oftener in thy peaceful day 

When summer skies were clear and bright 
I've seen thy forehead old and gray 

Decked with its coronal of light. 
No envious foe could seize thy crown. 

No warring power that earth has known 
Could wrench thy rocky ramparts down 

Or tear thee from thy kindly throne. 

The bastioned wall, the tower of rock. 

All that frail human hands have made, 
Shall reel and crumble 'neath the shock 

Of time's resistless cannonande, 
But thou, unmoved by doubts and fears 

Unscathed by accident or crime. 
Above the wrongs and wrecks of years 

Must stand eternal and sublime. 

And men shall own thy sovereign power, 

Sole monarch of the hill and plain. 
To rule through every passing hour 

By- right of eminent domain. 
Long shalt thou hold thy regal sway 

O'er paths by erring mortals trod. 
And point our wandering souls the way 

To faith, to freedom, and to God. 




M®£ff®!®; 



%y 



REV. NATHAN J. MORRISON 

Nathan Jackson Morrison, D. D., LL. 
D., a prominent educator at the West, a 
native of that section of the present City 
of Franklin known as the ".Morrison Dis- 
trict," died at his home in Wichita, Kan- 
sas. April 12, 1907. 

Doctor Morrison was a son of Nathan 
and Susannah (Chase) Morrison, born 
November 25, 1828. He graduated from 
Dartmouth College in the class of 1853, 
and from the theological school of Ober- 
lin College (Ohio) in 1857. He was for 
a time pastor of the Congregational 
Church at Rochester, Mich., whence he 
went to Olivet College, in that state, as 
a professor, soon becoming president of 
that institution, which position he held 
from I860 to 1872, when he resigned, and 
the following year took charge of the 
new Drury College at Springfield, Mo. 
In 1888 he resigned and accepted a pro- 
fessorship at Marietta College, at Mari- 
etta, 0., which he held till 1895, when 
he went to Wichita to take charge of 
Fairmount College, to which institution 
he gave unremitting service up to the 
time of his death. He had received the 
degrees of D. D. and LL. D. from Dart- 
mouth in recognition of his distinguished 
merits. He married in 1863, Minnie C. 
Dimond of Brooklyn, N. Y., who survives 
him, with two sons, Theodore H. and 
Douglas P. 

JOHN BURGUM 

' John Burgum, an old and highly es- 
teemed resident of Concord, died April 
16, aged eighty years. He was born in 
Birmingham, England. May 14, 1826, emi- 
grating to America and settling in Con- 
cord when twenty-four years of age. He 
was a painter by occupation, endowed 
with great artistic taste and talent, and 
his designs and their faithful execution 
contributed much to the popularity of the 
Concord coaches and other vehicles sent 
out from the Abbot-Downing factory, in 
"whose service he was engaged for a long 
series of years. October 30, 1852, he mar- 
ried Emma Gannell, an adopted daughter 
of the Countess of Rumford, by whom he 
is survived, with several children and 
grandchildren. 

IRVINE A. WHITCOMB 

Irvine A. Whitcomb, founder, president 
and treasurer of the celebrated firm of 
Raymond & Whitcomb, excursion manag- 
ers, died at his home on Broadway, Som- 
erville, Mass., April 15. at the age of 
sixty-eight years, having been born in the 
town of Swanzey, in this state, April 11, 



1839. In his early life he was engaged in 
the stationery business in Lawrence, but 
left this to become traveling passenger 

agent of the Boston, Concord & Montreal 
Railroad, which position he left after a 
time to engage in the tourist business, 
which, in company with Walter Raymond, 
he built up to vast proportions, with of- 
fices in New York, Philadelphia, Pitts- 
burg and Chicago. He is survived by a 
widow and three sons. 

VAN NESS BASS 

Van Ness Bass, born in Lyman, July 
11, 1830, died at Plymouth, April 29, 
1907. 

He was a son of Capt. Joseph Bass, who 
at one time commanded a vessel in the 
government service on Lake Erie. He 
was educated in the academy at Bath 
and Newbury (Vt. ) Seminary. He 
learned the printer's trade in youth in the 
office of the Spirit of the Age, at Wood- 
stock, Vt., and went West, where he pub- 
lished the Observer at St. Clair, Mich., 
for a time. Returning East, he published 
the White Mountain Banner at Littleton 
for several years. In 1864 he removed to 
Plymouth, where he did the printing for 
the B.. C. & M. Railroad for some time, 
and, later established the Grafton County 
Democrat and published it for a number 
of years. Of late he had been an agent 
and collector for the Plymouth Record. 
He was a life-long Democrat, and one of 
the last of the old-time printers of the 
state. He married, in 1857, Susan T. 
Lindsey of Newbury, Vt., who died in 
July, 1897. 

CAPT. ERVIN H. SMITH 

Capt. Ervin H. Smith, commandant of 
the Soldiers' Home at Tilton, died sud- 
denly at the Home, April 20, 1907. 

Captain Smith was a native of the town 
of Langdon. born February 2, 1840. He 
removed to Peterborough in youth, where 
he engaged in business. In March, 1864, 
he eulisted in the 1st N. H. Cavalry, and 
participated in eighteen battles before 
the close of the Civil War. and was cap- 
tured and confined for several months in 
Confederate prisons, sixty-one out of a 
squad of one hundred of his associates at 
Salisbury dying from exposure and 
starvation. He served for several years, 
after his return home, in the state Na- 
tional Guard, as a member of Troop A, 
Cavalry, of which he was captain from 
1882 to 1890, when he entered upon his 
duties as commandant at Tilton. He is 
survived by a widow and one daughter, 
Emma R. Smith. 



idatoir amid Pustbllaglhieir 9 ^ M®fe 



Very general interest, and con- 
siderable anxiety in some quarters, 
throughout the state, has been 
aroused by recent report of the ac- 
quisition of large blocks of Boston & 
Maine Railroad stock by persons al- 
lied with the New York, New Haven 
and Hartford management, and the 
probable transfer of the control of 
the former road to the latter manage- 
-ment at an early date. While there 
is no positive assurance, as yet, that 
any such change of management is to 
occur, it is by no means improbable. 
In point of fact it has for years been 
regarded as only a question of time 
when the Boston & Maine shall pass 
under the control of one of the great 
trans-continental systems, in which 
the New York Central on the one 
hand and the Pennsylvania with 
which the N. Y., N. H. & H. is al- 
lied, on the other, are leading fac- 
tors. With one or the other of these, 
or with the Canadian Pacific — a for- 
eign corporation — it must ultimately 
be identified, in view of the undevi- 
ating tendency in the modern rail- 
way world ; and it will doubtless be 
more satisfactory to the people of 
New Hampshire, and of New Eng- 
land generally, that the alliance or 
absorption be in the direction which 
these reports indicate' than in either 
of the others mentioned. 



civil service reform and literature 
and library extension, showing that 
the intelligent and progressive women 
of the state are giving thought and 
attention to matters of primary im- 
portance to the people. The newly 
elected board of officers is headed by 
Mrs. Jennie J. Webster of Plymouth, 
succeeding Mrs. Ella H. J. Hill of 
Concord, the efficient president of the 
last two years. 



New Hampshire is coming more 
and more to the front as a summer 
abiding place for public, profes- 
sional and business men, seeking rest, 
recreation and health. More New 
Hampshire farms have been sold for 
summer homes to people outside the 
state, within the last few months, 
than in any corresponding period in 
its history, and it is, of course, a 
gratifying fact to our landholders 
that prices are constantly on the in- 
crease, such is the demand for eligi- 
ble farms for summer homes. It is 
a fact of no little interest that two of 
the leading foreign embassies will 
have headquarters in this state dur- 
ing the coming summer, Ambassador 
James Bryce of Great Britain hav- 
ing engaged a summer residence at 
North Conway and Baron Speck Yon 
Sternberg, the German ambassador, 
one at Dublin. 



The twelfth annual convention of 
the New Hampshire Federation of 
Women's Clubs was held in Ports- 
mouth on Wednesday and Thursday, 
May 15 and 16, with an unusually 
large attendance, and every indica- 
tion of continued and increasing in- 
terest. Among the subjects consid- 
ered were education, art, forestry, 
household economics and pure food. 



The passage of an anti-bucket shop 
bill by the Massachusetts Legislature 
vividly recalls the inexcusable action 
of our own state Senate in refusing 
passage to the act passed by the 
House of Representatives for the sup- 
pression of bucket-shops in this state. 
These establishments are plague spots 
whose existence ought not to be tol- 
erated in any 'community. 



The Granite Monthly 



Vol. XXXIX, Xo. 6 



JUNE, 1907 



New Series, Vol. 2, Xo. <» 



At th® Meeftnsng ©ff th® Valleys 

West L@ibi\o®o ©ira th® Q©nn®cti€ut 

By G. A. Cheney 

New Hampshire abounds in pros- cades or generations past. New Eng- 

perous villages and contented homes, land has taken a lesson from the en- 

and where such conditions prevail ergetic, if bumptious, West in the art 

there is constant progress. Today of state and community building, and 




A Sweep of the Connecticut 



the East is a competitor of the West 
in the effort for material develop- 
ment. While the great West was a 
building, it was but natural that the 
East should have felt the drain of 
humanity and money, for there was 
opportunity in the new realm which 
the young and ambitious home-seek- 
ers failed to perceive in the East. 
However, this is changed and now the 
East, and especially New England, 
is keeping her sons and daughters at 
home, more u'enerallv than for de- 



is now moving along lines that will 
speedily have a telling effect. 

In this work of rehabilitation Xew 
Hampshire has set a pace that her 
sister New England states are taking 
note of, and each, if one possible ex- 
ception is made, is rubbing its eyes 
in an awakening to the wisdom of 
New Hampshire's effort toward state 
development. That Xew Hamp- 
shire's life is quickening in every sec- 
tion of her territory is seen and 
known of men, and one of the most 



17-2 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



manifest instances of this new order 
of things material is seen in West 
Lebanon, a village in the town of 
Lebanon. 







T^yy * J! " ip 






— ~~""^Vl^aMHM^^=- - §• '" " 


-••■b^**-"-^'* „ aw~i~ on 



View on No. Main Street 

West Lebanon skirts the shore of 
the Connecticut River, extending for 
some mile and a half along the river 
bank, with streets parallel to its main 



gether. It is a meeting of the valleys, 
happy and serene in all its character- 
istics. Here the valleys of the second 
and last named lose their identity in 
that of the major river, as though 
they had wended their respective 
ways from the interior for no other 
purpose. 

The situation of West Lebanon is 
attractive in whatever direction one 
turns. Across the Connecticut one 
looks into the White River valley and 
toward the foot-hills of the Green 
Mountains, and when sunset comes, 
one beholds from the streets of West 
Lebanon a sight of surpassing beauty 
and charm. To the immediate north 
is the ever lengthening valley of the 
Connecticut, with its towns and vil- 
lages, teeming with the life that be- 
tokens progress and prosperity. 

Coursing the way southward along 
the river road, one soon comes to the 
Mascoma River, just at its junction 
with the Connecticut. Arriving in 
that hamlet, known locally as But- 
manville, one is upon the ground 




Scene on Mascoma River 



highway and these connected by oth- 
ers running at right angles. Where 
the village lies, there the three val- 
leys of the Connecticut and Mascoma 
rivers in New Hampshire, and of the 
White River in Vermont come to- 



where the first settlers, the founders 
of Lebanon, erected the first grist-mill 
in the town and built their pioneer 
homes. They built a dam across the 
Mascoma, turning the entire current 
of the river into a long canal, which 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



173 



carried the water to the wheel pit of 
the grist-mill. At this day the query 
is prompted, why did those first sett- 
lers build their dam in such form? 
"Was it to make it also serve the pur- 
pose of a fish weir? Most probable, 
for throughout early New England 
every settlement that had access to a 
considerable stream of water main- 
tained its fish weir, and this manner 
of catching fish was continued in re- 
moter places until well into the nine- 
teenth century. The weir was laid 
diagonally across the stream, thus 
turning the current to a point and 
running it into a trap or tank, or into 
the mill flume. As fish, on their jour- 
ney down stream, into deeper waters, 
followed the current, practically all 
were taken, if so desired. As eels 
were the particular fish that ran down 
stream on the approach of winter, the 



lay in a stock of home-salted eels for 
winter and spring use. In this con- 




B. 6? M. R, R. Station 



nection also, did those builders of 
earlier Lebanon know what dietary 
science today teaches, that eels are 







South Main Street 



weirs were most commonly known as among the most nutritious of all fish? 

"eel weirs." In those earlier times Be this as it may. it was possible for 

it was the general practice of those the dam to serve a double purpose, 

living at a distance from the coast to and it was built so thoroughly that 



174 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



ii Lasted for many years, and even to 
this day remnants of it remain: 




Catholic Church 

present owner of the property, 
while the canal, for the most part, 
continues to serve the needs of man. 
The upper stretch of the canal was 
discontinued some years since by the 



just as it was buill by the founders 

in 17(i4. The site of the grist-mill 
is si ill seen, it having stood only a 
short distance from the present site of 
Mr. Waterman 's mills. 

The entire Maseoma valley at West 
Lebanon is replete with attractions. 
combining as it docs natural scenery 
in its most pleasing phases. On the 
surrounding' hillsides are ancestral 
farms of the first settlers and stately 
farm buildings and well-kept fields 
speak of prosperity and contentment. 

But a short time since the open, un- 
improved space between West Leb- 
anon and the Maseoma River was 
considerable, yet this present year of 
1907 sees much of this area built upon 
and the foundations in for other 
houses, and at the present rate of 
building it will not be long before 
there will be an unbroken line of 
homes in this section of the village. 

But building operations in West 
Lebanon are not confined to any one 
locality. It is growing in all direc- 




Congregational Church 



Thomas P. Waterman, in an extended 
improvement of the privilege, and 
this stretch of the canal is seen today. 



tions. In the seasons of 1905- '06 
more than a score of new residences 
were completed and the homes of the 



Ai the Meeting of the Valleys 



175 



village are almost entirely for one 
family use. The homes for rent are 
models of their kind, being also of 
one family size, with garden and am- 
ple grounds. The residences of West 
Lebanon are alike notable for their 
number and all-around excellence. 
There are no sharp contrasts, as is 
often the ease in city and town. By 
this is meant that the $5,000 domicile 
is not met on one side of the street 
and the $100,000 mansion on the 
other, but all is in harmony because 
all are of excellent type and, as a 



Still another business building of 
recent construction is that of D. IT. 
Sargent, who occupies it as a furni- 
ture and house furnishing store, and 
which is thoroughly modern in all 
its features. E. H. Plummer is an- 
other merchant who has built an ex- 
tensive addition to his hardware store. 

The enterprise and public spirit of 
West Lebanon as a community finds 
pertinent illustration in its well built 
and well maintained streets, sidewalks 
and highways. In this respect, no 
community of its size in all New Eng- 




Post-Office Building 



Whole, bespeak a uniform prosperity 
in the village.. 

Naturally where there is a marked 
increase of residential structures 
there is likewise growth of commer- 
cial building, and this is the fact in 
"West Lebanon. The most notable 
structure of this class of recent con- 
struction is that of Nelson S. John- 
son, which has for its site the hub 
of business West Lebanon. Connec- 
ted with the building is a three-story 
annex devoted "mainly to the carriage 
and harness trade of Mr. Johnson. 
and is in addition to his salesroom in 
the main building. 



land can excel it. West Lebanon has 
a water and sewage system. Its 
water system on Main Street has a 
pressure of 135 pounds to the square 
inch. Its water system is that of the 
Hartford Water Company, which has 
its source of supply in the town of 
Hartford on the opposite shore of 
the Connecticut. The village is elec- 
tric lighted by the Mascoma Electric 
Light and Gas Company, the power 
plant of which is in West Lebanon. 
and the same system lights White 
River Junction, the important vil- 
lage on the Vermont shore of the Con- 
necticut. West Lebanon's public 



17(> 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



utilities includes an efficient volun- 
teer fire department, of which E II. 
Plummer is captain. James Iloskins 
first assistant and T. J. McNamara 
second assistant. The fire depart- 
ment headquarters is a new frame 
hose building containing every requi- 
site for efficient service. 

Of all those conveniences and ad- 
vantages which contribute so much to 




High School 

the welfare of the city resident and 
are so much missed in the ordinary 
town and village life, West Lebanon 
is the fortunate possessor. As has 
been shown, she has her sidewalks, fire 
department, electric lights, water and 
sewer systems. She has not as yet 
an electric street railway, but that is 
coming in the not distant future. 
But if that be lacking she has at 
her doors railroad facilities the equal 
of any, for passage over the Con- 
necticut River bridge will take her 
to the Union station in White River 
Junction, whence one can go direct 
to the four corners of the earth. 
West Lebanon itself is the terminus 
of the Northern Division of the Bos- 
ton & Maine Railroad, and practically 
every train over that road stops at 
its station. 



The extent and importance of West 
Lebanon's business interests are seen 
in the fact that its post-office is of the 
presidential grade, and its present 
postmaster, Capt. Horace French, has 
secured for it every facility incident 
to the postal system of the country. 
West Lebanon also has free collection 
and delivery of express parcels. 

West Lebanon may indeed con- 
gratulate itself and take every pride 
in its public school system. The vil- 
lage is itself a high school district, 
and its various grades meet in one 
and the same building. The school 
building is a modern structure and 
its equipment is complete in every de- 
tail. The present principal of the 
school is Louis DeWitt Record. 

The exceptional educational advan- 
tages of West Lebanon are further 
accentuated in that it is the home of 
the country-famed Rcckland Military 
Academy, now under the successful 
management of Prof. Elmer Ells- 
worth French, A. M., an educator of 
proven ability in a field of wide ex- 
perience, entered upon only after the 
most careful training at Tufts Col- 
lege, the School of Pedagogy, New 
York University, and as teacher and 
principal in schools and academies of 
national repute. Associated with him 
in the direction of the academy is 
Mrs. Blanche Gate French, L. A., also 
a teacher of valued and diversified ex- 
perience. The faculty of the acad- 
emy consists of twelve teachers, each 
of whom is a specialist, and through 
the teaching force the student body is 
offered unsurpassed advantages, 
whether the graduate wishes to enter 
college, technical school, professional 
school or prepare for business, the 
government academies, or the civil 
service. In fact the scope of the 
school's eurriculi are of the most var- 
ied character. 

The academy buildings are located 
on a commanding site that overlooks 
West Lebanon and the entire stretch 
of country a dozen or more miles 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



177 



away. The plant is assured of per- 
fect natural drainage and all those 
natural agencies that work together 
for ideal sanitation. With Dart- 
mouth College only four miles away 
that in itself is an inspiration for 
both Rockland and West Lebanon. 
The cadets at the academy wear a 
uniform that in material, style and 
color is the same as that of a West 
Point cadet. The presence on the 
streets of the cadets, individually or 
collectively, lends an added interest 



and that public spirit that dominates 
the place to so marked an extent is. 
again made manifest in the combined 
efforts of all the people to erect a 
library building. Already a site has 
been secured and the nucleus of a 
library building fund. 

A factor that contributes much to 
the social, intellectual and educational 
advantages of West Lebanon is that 
organization of its women called the 
Fortnightly Club. It has been in ex- 
istence for fourteen years, a fact that 




Craft Avenue 



to the village life and routine. The 
academy plant includes a ten-acre 
athletic field, supplied with all the 
accessories desired for such a place. 
On the shore of beautiful Mascoma 
Lake, eleven miles away in Enfield, 
is Camp Rockland, the summer home 
of the school. At all seasons of the 
year the management of the academy 
seeks the three-fold welfare of its 
students, intellectual, moral and 
physical. Student life at the school 
it is aimed to make pleasant, profit- 
able and successful, and this aim has 
been secured to a happy degree. 
West Lebanon has a public library 



speaks of neighborhood harmony and 
unity of purpose. Its present mem- 
bership is sixty-two. The club has 
for its chief aim the good of the 
whole community. Annually it gives 
to the library building fund the snug 
sum of $100 as one of its benefactions. 
Its officers for 1907 are Mrs. George 
H. Kibling. president; Miss Jennie B. 
Hosley. vice-president ; Mrs. George 
C. Whitcomb, secretary. 

West Lebanon is preeminently a 
community of today, not of yesterday. 
It is a community of substantial men 
and women when measured by the 
standard of genuine manhood and 



r 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



womanhood. There is not ;i shanty 
nor hovel within its confines, neither 
is there indifference to the public 
weal. It offers opportunities for 
homes and investments thai are nn- 
surpassed; for if growth of the kind 
thai stays comes to any point in all 
northern New England, it will to 
AVcst Lebanon. 

Capt. Horace French 

In Capt. Horace French. West Leb- 
anon and the region round about, 
have a personality that is a [tower for 
good. Known of men in New Hamp- 
shire and Vermont, he has never been 
found lacking in those qualities that 
make the man of the hour; the kind 
of man needed in every walk of life, 
as well as in any emergency. His ti- 
tle of "captain" was won in the ser- 
vice of his country, and in those days 
when he and others offered their lives 
to save that country from destruction. 
A student at Kimball Union Acad- 
emy, he closed his books upon the first 
call to arms, and, walking to Hart- 
ford. Vt.. fifteen miles away, he en- 



listed in Co. F, third Vermont volun- 
teers. Of this company Thomas 




Capt, Horace French 

Seaver, for many years since Wind- 
sor County (Vt.) judge of probate, 




Homeacre", Residence of Capt. and Mrs, Horace French 



At the Meeting of the Vall< ys 



lTlt 



became captain, and Samuel E. Pin- 
gree, later governor of Vermont, was 
a lieutenant. With the regiment, 
Private French went into camp at St. 
Johnsbury and when it reached the 
front he was first sergeant of his com- 
pany. Subsequently he was commis- 
sioned a lieutenant and became an 
aide on the staff of Gen. L. A. Grant, 
continuing as such until the Battle 
of the Wilderness, when he was made 
a prisoner. While in the hands of 
the Confederate army, he was con- 
fined in no less than fifteen different 
prisons. Thrice he escaped, only to 



Senator Redfield Proctor espied Cap- 
tain French in the assembled multi- 
tude. A! the close of the president's 

remarks, the senator called Captain 
French to the platform and. intro- 
ducing him to the president, said: 
"Mr. President, I wish to introduce to 
yon one of the bravest men in the 
army." 'The senator has paid you 
a great compliment," said the presi- 
dent, "that statement in which he 
places yon among the bravest men in 
the army means a good deal." 

When the war ended, Captain 
French returned to Hartford and 




View from Parlor of " Homeacre " 



be recaptured. When once he was 
made free he found a captain's com- 
mission awaiting him. After the ex- 
piration of his enlistment, he at once 
re-enlisted. All told, he served four 
years and three months in the army. 
Histories of Vermont in the army of 
regiments and brigades refer to the 
valiant service of Captain French. 
A single instance of this nature will 
show the character of these refer- 
ences. It was on the occasion of a 
visit to Vermont of President Roose- 
velt, when at White River Junction 



there married, in 1865, Miss Mary E. 
Gillette of that town. Upon their 
marriage the couple built for them- 
selves a home in that part of Hartford 
now the village of Wilder, but then 
known as Olcutt Falls. Theirs was 
the first house built in the village and 
they the first family there to live. In 
1870 they moved to West Lebanon, 
which has since been their home. 

It was but natural that an ener- 
getic, buoyant spirit like Captain 
French should have entered zealously 
into the life of his adopted home. He 



ISO 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



identified himself with its affairs, ever 
showing thai public spirit so beneficial 
to any community, and now, though 
he has reached the psalmist's limit of 
life, his days arc an inspiration for 
all. Of strong domestic tastes, Cap- 
tain and Airs. French have long pos- 
sessed an attractive residence, the dis- 
tinctive name of which is "Home 
Acre," the grounds containing, as its 
name indicates, just an acre. 'Home 
Acre" does not owe its present beauty 
and attraction to the lavish expendi- 
ture of wealth. On this single acre, 
less that occupied by the house, are 
many trees indigenous to the Con- 
necticut valley. There are maples, 
birches, hemlocks, willows and others. 
There are the native ferns and vines 
and shrubs. From the first dawn of 
spring till winter comes again there 
is a constant succession of flowers. 

Captain French was born in Bed- 
ford, N. H, February 16, 1837, the 
son of Phineas and Betsey (Foster) 
French. At thirteen he left home 
and worked successively in Milford, 
Clinton. Mass., and in Derry. He 
eventually entered Kimball Union 
Academy, Meriden, where the begin- 
ning of the Civil "War found him. 
For more than a decade he has been 
the postmaster of West Lebanon, as 
is elsewhere mentioned. 

Captain French is a member of the 
Masonic Order and has ever been ac- 
tive in G. A. R. circles. Seven sons 
and one daughter were born to Cap- 
tain and Mrs. French, and they sent 
four of their sons through Dart- 
mouth, a record of parental devotion 
of which they may be proud. Of the 
sons, Samuel Pingree is a professor in 
Oahu .College. Honolulu; Frederic 
Reginald, a successful civil engineer, 
died in Mexico in 1905; Ernest Eu- 
gene is a lawyer at home-, while a 
fourth. John McQuesten. died the 
past winter in California. 

A daughter, Betsey Foster, died af- 
ter living to womanhood, beloved and 
mourned by all who knew her. 



George R. Bkyerle. 

West Lebanon's opportunities, and 
advantageous geographical position, 
are significantly exemplified in the 
career of George Relly Beyerle in the 
years since he made the community 
his home. He came to West Lebanon 
in 1883, an entire stranger, yet quick 
to see its possibilties and the success 
sure to come from well directed ef- 
fort, and long since has the success 
of Mr. Beyerle fully justified his 




George R. Beyerle 

every conclusion. One coming to 
know him. to see the home that he 
has built and all that pertains thereto, 
cannot fail to admire and respect. 

It was in Reading, Penn., that Mr. 
Beyerle was born, December 11, 1853. 
He was the son of Daniel and Mary 
(Strohecker) Beyerle, of Dutch an- 
cestry, and a mere acquaintance 
shows that he possesses those traits 
that in past and present have dis- 
tinguished the people from which he 
sprang. 

Remaining in Reading until he was 
twenty-two, he went to Boston, there 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



1*81 



intending to pursue an extended and 
comprehensive course in music. But 
upon investigation he concluded that 
he was too late to begin the course he 
contemplated, so at once began a most 
thorough apprenticeship in piano tun- 
ing. Upon the conclusion of his ap- 
prenticeship he one day set out from 
Boston upon a trip combining both 
pleasure and business. The objective 
point was the White Mountains, yet 
never for the instant did he enter- 
tain the thought of making any point 
in New Hampshire his permanent 



life of the place, he was a leading 
spirit in that movement for the con- 
struction of a high school building. 
To this end he labored zealously and 
with a skill and conviction that led to 
the overcoming of all opposition. 

Quickly perceiving the chance and 
demand for real estate development 
in West Lebanon, he bought a large 
section of the Craft farm, toward 
which the village was fast extending 
on the north, and at once set about 
its transference into house lots and 
upon which he erected many of the 




Glen View, Residence of Mr. and Mrs. George R. Beyerle 



home. But throughout the journey 
he found the country so beautiful, 
the people so hospitable and urgent 
in their invitations to return that a 
second trip was made, then a third, 
his business of selling, renting and 
tuning of pianos all the while increas- 
ing to such extent that he finally de- 
cided to make West Lebanon his 
permanent home. Today his terri- 
tory extends from Concord to Mont- 
pelier, Vt., and from Bellows Falls 
to the upper Connecticut valley. 
Entering at once into the general 



homes that now line that thorough- 
tare. His own residence, Glen View, 
fronts on Main Street, and this estate 
he built in the improvement of the 
Craft property. 

In 1883 he married Miss Mary P. 
Giddings, a member of a widely 
known and thoroughly representative 
family of West Brookfield, Mass. 
Today Mr. and Mrs. Beyerle are the 
parents of three daughters and the 
happy, talented trio add much to the 
social and general life of West Leb- 
anon. 



L82 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



Nelson S. Johnson 

The opportunities for business en- 
terprise of almost any nature which 
West Lebanon presents have been ap- 
preciated by the young men resident 
or native of other towns in the state, 
and to these adopted sons the village 
owes much for its growth and pros- 
perity. Notable among men of this 
class is Nelson Sanborn Johnson, who 
is one of the first of West Lebanon's 
men of affairs and prominent 
throughout the Connecticut River 
Valley. As years count he is just in 
his prime, yet he has already accom- 
plished a vast amount of work, and 
is most emphatically the architect and 
builder of his own business and the 
winner of his own success. He laid 
the foundation and built the super- 
structure of a business where none of 
the kind existed before. The story of 
his life is replete with interest and 
carries with it to the hesitating youth 
the lessons of courage, self reliance 
and preserverance. Yet Mr. Johnson 
sprang from a stock famous since 
New England began, for its vitality, 
energy, and tireless activity and, inci- 
dentally, for long life ; for he is in 
direct descent on the maternal side 
from John Alden and Priscilla. He 
is also in the same line of descent 
as were John and John Quincy 
Adams. 

Born in Claremont, N. H., October 
16, 1853, he was the son of Reuben 
and Harriet (Adams) Johnson. His 
father was an extensive land owner 
and farmer near the "Claremont and 
Newport lines. The son, following 
his natural bent of self-reliance, be- 
gan at the early age of fourteen to 
work out and to "hoe his own row," 
and he has practically kept it up ever 
since. His first experience away 
from home was in St. Johnsbury, 
Vt. At sixteen he was back in 
Claremont and the owner of a farm, 
the lumber on which he engaged in 
cutting until he was about eighteen. 
His success from the start was not 



owing to fortuitous circumstances, but 
to economy and sound sense. He 
never waited for an easier job, but 
took the thing that came along. 
When only eighteen he owned and 
conducted a livery stable, selling it 
after a year and a half. His next 
move was to go to Springfield. Mass., 
where circumstances gave him an in- 
sight, and introduction to the business 




Nelson S. Johnson 

of buying and selling horses on an 
extensive scale. From Springfield he 
returned to Claremont, where he em- 
barked in the meat and provision 
trade. Soon disposing of this busi- 
ness, he engaged in teaming on the 
Connecticut River, above West Leb- 
anon. On a return from this work, 
he happened to pass through West 
Lebanon, having at the time not the 
slightest thought of making it his 
home. He reached the lumber nulls 
of Thomas P. Waterman and then 
and there entered with his team into 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



1*3 



his employ. Step by step Mr. John- 
son engaged in the business of buy- 
ing and selling horses, eventually 
that his sole business. His 



making 




The Johnson Building 

trade was essentially in western 
horses, and for its accommodation he 
built on lower Main Street extensive 
stables, and in a few years came to 
have one of the largest horse markets 
in New England. Going to the 
West, mainly to trans-Mississippi 
points, as often as six times a year, 
he established monthly auction and 
commission sales which attracted buy- 
ers of horses from far and near. He 
has bought and sold as many as 2,000 
horses in a single year. 

In 1904 Mr. Johnson erected the 
new Johnson building and opened 
therein a wholesale and retail carriage 
and harness business. Quite recently 
he leased his horse mart and today 
passes much of his time looking after 
his financial investments and real 
estate improvements. He has from 
the first been a decided factor in the 
business life of the village, and is its 
largest individual taxpayer. 

In 1889 he married Miss Elizabeth 
E. Peterson of Plainfield. Before 
her marriage Mrs. Johnson was a 
school teacher in her native town, 
teaching her first term at the early 
age of sixteen, and she made a suc- 
cess of the venture, even though some 
of her pupils were older than herself. 
A son. Nelson Peterson, is the life and 



joy of the beautiful and spacious 
family residence on Maple Street. 

William P. Burton 

Four miles above West Lebanon, on 
the Vermont side of the Connecticut 
Kiver, is the town of Norwich, where, 
December 2, 1828, was born William 
Pierce Burton, one destined to act an 
important and lasting part in all that 
pertains to the welfare of West Leb- 
anon. For half a century his has 
been a personality that has counted 
for good and for strength in every de- 
sirable village interest, and, now that 
this year of 1907 finds him an in- 
valid, the deepest sympathy is ex- 
pressed for him throughout the com- 
munity. 

His preparatory education was in 
the schools of his native town and 
at that widely known institution, 
Thetford Academy. He entered 




William P. Burton 

Dartmouth College in 1848. graduat- 
ing with the class of 1852. Thus 
most of his life has been passed within 
the shadow of his alma mater and 



m 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



Dartmouth's exceeding growth and 
prosperity must have been a source of 
continuous joy. After graduation, 
he began life as a teacher, pursuing 
the profession in the state of Mary- 
land in ante bell um days. Return- 
ing North, he took up his residence in 
West Lebanon as a general merchant, 
and this he followed for many years. 
For twenty-one consecutive years, 
ending in 1887 he was postmaster. In 
1885 he was a member of the New 
Hampshire state constitutional con- 
vention and represented Lebanon in 
the legislatures of 1891 and 1893. 
In 1893 he was also auditor of Graf- 
ton County. For twelve years he was 
a selectman of Lebanon, and in this 
office, as well as all others, he won the 
confidence of his townsmen for single- 
ness of purpose and fidelity to every 
duty. Naturally he came to have an 
extended acquaintance in county and 
state aid in the Conneeticut valley. 

His parents were Harvey and 
Salome Burton. In 1854, he married 
Miss Rebecca Blood. A son, William 
H. now of Chicago, was born of this 
union. Mrs. Burton died in 1860. 
He married for his second wife Miss 
Emily E. Craft of West Lebanon. 
Two children were born of this 
union, a son and daughter. The son, 
Samuel Craft Burton, has been in 
business in the. West but is now at 
home. The daughter, Miss Anna 
Maude Burton, lives at home. She is 
an accomplished musician, having 
studied in Germany and at home. 



Frank Collins 

All West Lebanon is agreed that 
in Frank Collins it has one of its most 
representative citizens, for his strong 
individuality is ever manifest in 
every measure, having for its end the 
public weal. His is an instance of a 
well trained man bringing to the 
work in hand that confidence, enthusi- 
asm and discernment that proceed 
from thorough preparation and mas- 
tery of the situation. 



Mr. Collins is furthermore an in- 
stance of a southern — or at least a 
border state man — come north, not so 
much to follow and learn, but to join 
with those on the firing line in the 
advancement of New Hampshire's in- 
terests. He has, from the start, in- 
stinctively adapted himself to his new 
environment, but he has done all this 
without abatement of loyalty and re- 
gard for his native state and its tra- 
ditions. 

Born in Blackbird Hundred 




Frank Collins 

("Hundred" corresponds to "town" 
in the South), New Castle County. 
Delaware, January 26, 1865, his days. 
until early manhood, were passed in 
his native state, and there he imbibed 
that strength of purpose and intensity 
of principles so characteristic of the 
southern bred and reared. 

His parents were John P. and 
Susan J. Collins. He attended the 
public schools of his native place and 
later took the classical course in Dela- 
ware College, Newark, graduating in 
1889. During his senior college year 
he served as principal of the Newark 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



185 



public schools. Following his gradu- 
ation, he entered the advanced 
course in electricity in Lehigh Uni- 
versity, South Bethlehem, Penn. 
From Lehigh he went to Lynn, Mass., 
and there pursued a two years' course 
in electrical engineering with the 
General Electric Company. Leaving 
Lynn, in 1892, he entered the employ 
of the New England Engineering 
Company, Waterbury, Conn., and 
was employed there in electrical con- 
struction work. In 1893, he came to 
West Lebanon to become the general 
manager of the Mascoma Electric 
Light and Gas Company and the 
Hartford Water Company. Since his 
coming to West Lebanon the business 
of the electric light company has in- 
creased five fold. Of this company, 
Mr. Collins is also the secretary. The 
offices of both companies are in the 
new Baines building, White River 
Junction. 

Mr. Collins has made West Lebanon 
his home from his first coming to the 
state. His business affairs take him 
over a large section of territory and 
he has an extended circle of ac- 
quaintances. It was almost as a mat- 
ter of course that one of his public 
spirit and interest and all-around 
equipment should win the regard of 
his fellow men. As a result he is to- 
day a trustee of Rockland Military 
Academy, a member of the West Leb- 
anon board of education and member 
of the Democratic State Central Com- 
mittee, and in 1904 was the party 
candidate for state senator. He is a 
member of the Masonic body, belong- 
ing to the commandery and Mt. Sinai 
Temple. 

He married in 1897 Miss Mary E. 
Sargent of Medford, Mass., and their 
union has been blessed with two boys 
and one girl. 



of an exceptionally large number of 
representative men and women ; men 
and women, who, placed anywhere 
would be considered and esteemed for 
ability and solid worth of character. 
This prelude is prompted in a con- 
sideration of Milton Sawyer Wood- 
man, who, professionally, is a success- 
ful West Lebanon physician, yet a 
citizen always ready to aid in the gen- 
eral welfare of the village. Born in 
Hartley. Province of Quebec, June 4, 
1850, his is a lineage tracing back 
eight generations in the United 
States. His boyhood life was passed 




Dr. Milton S. Woodman 

The stranger in West Lebanon, if 
he be of an observant nature, does 
not fail to note that it is a community 



Milton S. Woodman M. D. 

in his native town and in Compton, 
P. Q. At nineteen he went to Water- 
bury, Vt., as a student in the Green 
Mountain Seminary, graduating in 
1872. He entered Bates College, 
Lewiston, Me., but an impairment of 
his eyesight necessitated his leaving 
college at the end of his first year. 
He later took a special course in 
Bishop's College, P. Q., and at its 
close became a public school princi- 
pal in Canada. He followed teaching 
four years, when he bought a half 
interest in a West Lebanon drug 



1st; 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



store, coming to the village in 1876. 
He eventually became, with a silent 
partner, sole owner of the drug store 
and also entered the medical school at 
Dartmouth College. Upon his gradu- 
ation therefrom, he began the practice 
of medicine in West Lebanon and 
rapidly built up a successful practice, 
he in time disposing of his drug store. 
Doctor Woodman has been a member 
of the village school board, was a 
member of the state Legislature in 
1897- '98, and is at present the local 
Boston & Maine R. R. surgeon, and 
physician for Rockland Academy. 
August 18, 1875, he married Miss 
Mary E. Morey of West Lebanon, a 
graduate of Tilden Seminary, class 
of 1869. She has served as vice- 
president of the New Hampshire 
State Federation of Women's Clubs 
and has ever been a most valued fac- 
tor in West Lebanon's social life. 
Doctor and Mrs. Woodman have two 
children. A daughter is Miss Mary 
M. Woodman, A. B., a graduate of 
Mount Holyoke College. The son, 
James B. Woodman, A. B., M. D., is 
a graduate of both the classical and 
medical departments of Dartmouth, 
the first in 1900, the second in 1903. 



and journeyman in Canaan, Laeonia 
and Lebanon. 11 was in 1890 that he 
came to West Lebanon, and there has 
he lived ever since. At first he 



Elmore H. Plummer 

One of the most extensive mercan- 
tile interests of West Lebanon is the 
general hardware store of Elmore H. 
Plummer, and it is an interest that 
makes West Lebanon all the better 
and all the more desirable a place in 
which to live. 

Mr. Plummer is an adopted son of 
West Lebanon, although a native of 
the state, born in Groton, December 
6, 1856. His parents were William 
and Lucy (Smith) Plummer and his 
was an old-time and worthy New 
Hampshire family, for his forbears 
were among the first settlers of Gro- 
ton. After leaving the schools of his 
native town, Mr. Plummer began an 
apprenticeship in the hardware trade, 
working at the same as apprentice 




Elmore H. Plummer 

formed a partnership with E. G. 
Southworth, under the firm name of 
E. H. Plummer & Co. This partner- 
ship continued until 1900, since which 
time Mr. Plummer has carried on 
business alone, and, today, occupies 
one of the largest business structures 
in the village. 

In 1880 he married Miss Melvina 
King of Dorchester. Two sons and 
two daughters have been born to 
them. William J. is with the Bos- 
ton & Maine Railroad. Hugh A. is 
engaged in business with his father. 
Florence H. is the wife of Charles B. 
Drake, Jr., M. D., a physician in 
White River Junction, and Helen M. 
is a school girl at home. 



Sidney B. Witpiington 
Among the newcomers to West Leb- 
anon, of a comparatively recent date, 
is Sidney Bartlett Withington, who, 
while still on the right side of forty, 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



1*7 



operates the largest smiles and com- 
mission horse mart in New England 
north of Boston. Though an adopted 
son of West Lebanon, Mr. Welling- 
ton is New Hampshire born and bred, 
and, alone and unaided, has, thus 
early in life won a considerable for- 
tune. In his business career there is 
a lesson to the young, for his success 
is very essentially due to his fidelity 
to the interests of his employer and 
his unremitting labors to advance by 
faithful service those who confided in 
him. He proved his worth while 
serving an apprenticeship, one may 
say. and now as a result is his own 
master. 

Mr. Withington was born in 
Canaan, October 23, 1870, the son of 
Ephraim and Belinda L. Withington. 
When but four years old, his mother 
died, and when he was thirteen his 




Sidney B. Withington 

father also. As a mere boy he dis- 
played notable skill in buying and 
handling horses, and as he grew in 
years his industry and economy se- 
cured for him a foothold in the world 



of business. As a boy in his teens he 
owned and drove horses that showed 
a better than a 2.25 and even a 2.20 
mark, for at eighteen he was the for- 
tunate owner of Dandy Boy. 2.1S1.,. 

In 1894, when only twenty-four 
years old, he was sent West by Nel- 
son S. Johnson to buy horses, and the 
skill he showed in this work kept him 
in this position for years. Mr. 
Johnson trusted him implicitly, not 
only with capital, but his judgment 
and business detail. In 1901 Mr. 
Withington made West Lebanon his 
permanent home, and in 1905 he suc- 
ceeded to the sales and commission 
horse mart of Mr. Johnson. Not only 
does Mr. Withington sell vast num- 
bers of horses in West Lebanon, but 
also many in Boston and Providence. 
His business is continuously expand- 
ing each succeeding year, showing a 
gain over the one preceding. His 
auction sales in West Lebanon are 
held semi-monthly, and at times thou- 
sands of dollars worth of horses are 
to be seen in his stables. 

In 1892 he married Miss Mary A. 
Story of Canaan. She died in 1906. 



Thomas P. Waterman 

Reference has been made in pre- 
ceding pages to that section of West 
Lebanon sometimes called Butman- 
ville. It is a spot not only full of 
attraction but an exceedingly busy 
place, for here are the lumber and 
grist-mills of Thomas Palmer Water- 
man, whom all Lebanon respects for 
his sterling qualities of manhood and 
one in whom the town of Lebanon has 
shown its confidence time and again 
by electing him to one office or an- 
other. Yet Mr. Waterman is never 
an office-seeker nor a politician, but 
whatever of political preferment has 
come to him has been the result of 
a desire on the part of his fellow citi- 
zens to give practical expression to 
their esteem and regard. 

Mr. Waterman is to the manner 



IKS 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



born, for among that sturdy, self-re- 
reliant, and resourceful company of 
pioneers who came up from Coneeti- 
cut and founded Lebanon were his 
ancestors. The ancestral farm in 
Lebanon was scarcely more than a 
mile from the present residence of 
Mr. Waterman. On this farm was 
born the grandfather of Thomas P. 
Waterman, and he was the first male 
child born in Lebanon. It was he, 
also, who built the first two-story 
frame house in Lebanon, a fact that 
shows him to have been a man of en- 
terprise and calculation. In all his 
life, the subject of this sketch, as boy 
and man, has demonstrated that those 
traits for which his ancestors were 
noted are found intact in his own per- 
sonality 

It having come to him to own the 
valuable water privilege on the Mas- 
coma River first utilized by the first 
settlers, he has greatly improved this. 
His native resourcefulness is seen in 
the fact that years ago he built the 
present dam across the Mascoma, al- 
though he had never had training or 
experience in such undertakings. 
Annually there are manufactured in 



his mills from one to two million feet 
of lumber, in a variety of forms. 




Thomas P. Waterman 



Mr. Waterman is a present select- 
man of Lebanon. Since 1879 he has 
been elected to this office at intervals, 
for a dozen or more times. He also 




Thomas P. Waterman's Mill 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



IS!) 



has been for several terms a member 
of the state Legislature. 

Mr. Waterman was born in 1844, 
the son of Silas and Sarah Water- 
man. He married Miss Rosamond 
Wood of Lebanon. One son. who 
died in infancy, was born to them. 



George S. Edson 

It is now more than one score years 
since the firm of Edson & Chadwiek 
began business in West Lebanon, and 
naturally the name has become a fa- 
miliar one in the community and ad- 




George S. Edson 

jacent territory. The firm was or- 
ganized in White River Junction in 
1885, dealing in meats and provisions. 
In 1886 the firm extended its business 
by the opening of a store in West 
Lebanon and both marts have been 
continued uninterruptedly to this 
day. 

The original partnership consisted 
of George S. Edson and Sherman W. 
Chadwiek. Mr. Chadwiek died in the 
90 's, since when Mr. Edson has con- 
tinued the business alone, retaining, 
however, the firm name, doing in both 



stores a general grocery, meat and 
provision trade 

Mr. Edson was born in Bethel, Vt., 
February 22, 1852. After attend- 
ance at the Bethel schools, he entered 
Royalton (Vt.) Academy, and upon 
graduation engaged in farm work. 
Eventually he secured a contract for 
sawing wood for the Central Vermont 
Railroad locomotives. This work took 
him all along the line from Wind- 
sor to the Canadian border. After 
eight years, this work was discontin- 
ued, the railroad company having 
substituted coal for wood. There- 
upon Mr. Edson engaged in a mer- 
cantile career. He early became a 
resident of West Lebanon and has 
long continued one of its represent- 
ative citizens. His stores in West 
Lebanon and White River Junction 
are among the largest of their kind in 
their locality. At present Mr. Edson 
is the buyer for the Retail Grocers' 
Association of Hartford and West 
Lebanon. To this position he was 
elected at the formation of the as- 
sociation, and upon the expiration of 
his first term was unanimously re- 
elected. 

The parents of Mr. Edson were L. 
H. and Adeline A. (Paine) Edson. 
His father was for long a skilful and 
widely known jeweler in Bethel. Mr. 
Edson is a member of the Masonic 
fraternity and of the thirty-second 
degree. He is a member of the ex- 
ecutive committee of the New Hamp- 
shire State Grocers' Association and 
takes an active part in the life of that 
organization. His church home is the 
West Lebanon Congregational. 

He married Miss Kate Allen of 
Randolph, Vt. Their children are 
two daughters, and one son, all of 
Avhom are at the West Lebanon home, 
the son L. Henry, being associated 
with his father in business. 



Dennis H. Sargent 

A familiar landmark in West Leb- 
anon for many years is what is called 



li»0 



At the Met tint/ of the Valb';i> 



tin lay Sargent's Hotel, for upon its 
site was also a hotel in the old-time 
stage routes, and past its doors also 
passed the learns going to and from 
Boston. The present owner and 
manager of the hotel is Dennis II. 
Sargent, a man who since 1886 has 
been a leading factor in the business 
affairs of West Lebanon, and who all 
his life has been active, energetic and 
full of enterprise. He was born in 
Canaan. December 14, 1817, the son 
of Aaron and Mary J. Sargent. 
After passing his boyhood in his na- 
tive Canaan, and reaching manhood, 
he became a general salesman for a 
sewing machine company. Later he 
received an appointment as guard in 
the state prison at Concord. Ten 
years were afterwards passed in Leb- 
anon Centre as the successful owner 
of a restaurant. When an opportun- 
ity came to him to buy what was then 
Southwick's Hotel in West Lebanon, 
he secured the property and changed 
its title to the name it has since borne. 
Since he came into possession of the 
property, Mr. Sargent has built an 
hotel annex, three stories high, and 
almost as large as the original main 



structure, lie built a stable 73 by 
90 feet, and at one time was ex- 




Dennis H. Sargent 

tensively engaged in buying and sell- 
ing horses and all that pertained to 
the business. He at one time en- 
gaged extensively in farming in con- 
nection with his other interests, and 




Sargent's Hotel 



At the Meeting of the Valleys 



191 



has kept as many as one hundred herd 
of cattle at a time. In 1903-'04, he 
built the Sargent store building and 
occupies it entirely as a furniture and 
complete house furnishing store, it be- 
ing one of the largest structures in 
its section of the Connecticut valley. 
In 1874 "Sir. Sargent married Miss 
Elizabeth E. Hoag of Keysville. N. Y. 
She died April 17. 1898,