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THE

GRANITE MONTHLY

NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE MAGAZINE

VOLUME LI

CONCORD, N. H.

HARLAN C. PEARSON, Publisher
1919

^ IH:cL

G759
V.5/

CONTENTS

Page

Ascutney Mountain, A Brief History of, by George B. Upham 255

American Legion in New Hampshire, The, by Paul F. Stacy 562

Ballou, Rev. Hosea, bj^ Roland D. Sawyer 63

Bloom of Age, The, by G. W. J 273

Books of New Hampshire Interest, by Harlan C. Pearson:

All the Brothers were Valiant, 520; Artemus Ward, 593; Boston, Concord & Mon-
treal Railroad, The, 450; Career of Leonard Wood, The, 520; Chips from a Busy
Workshop, 324; Dawn, 323; Dream-Dust, 372; Fighting Fleets, The, 28; Gospel in the
Light of the Great War, The, 271; Homestead, The, 372; Letters of Salmon P. Chase,
413; Magnhild, 121; Man-o-War Rhymes, 373; My Generation, 592 ; Old Dad, 173;
Old Gray Homestead, The, 173; Old New England Doorways, 521; One Thousand
New Hampshire Notables, 270; Rediscoveries, 373; Rhynies Grave and Gay, 372;
Rosemary Greenaway, 521; Rusty Miller, 323; Sea Bride, The, 520; Songs from
New Hampshire Hills, 323; Speeches of Daniel Webster, The, 450; Vacation Trips in
New England Highlands, 372; Worcester Poems, 271; Yankee Division, The, 594;
Zigzagging, 73.

Brown, The Late Warren 483

Building Ships at Portsmouth, by F. W. Hartford 166

Centenary of the Andover Press, The, by George H. Sargent . 287

CUfford, Alvin H .\ 252

Connecticut River a Great Highway, The, by George B. Upham 301

Country Church Problem, The, by Rev. Harold H. Niles 457

Country Mail Boxes, by Mary Jenness 260

Dartmouth and New Hampshire, by Ernest M. Hopkins 417

Early Town Boundaries in Western New Hampshire, by George B. Upham 500

Early Na\agation on the Connecticut, by George B. Upham 362

Editorial, by Harlan C. Pearson:

The Granite Montlily, 27; The Governor's Message, 70; New Hampshire and
National Progress, 120; New Hampshire Waterways, 174; Town-Meetings, 174;
The Record of the Legislature, 235; General Leonard Wood, 268; Educating Citizens,
322; Meetings in New Hampshire, 371; Conservation, 414; The Special Session of the
Legislature, 448; New Hampshire and the Fairs, 519; The Old Year, 590.
Food Administration in the Granite State during the World War, by Richard Whoriskey,

and James W. Tucker 141, 183

Government Ownership: A Symposium, by Allen Hollis, Jesse M. Barton, Calvin Page

Clarence E. Carr 33

Grammy Harding, by Annabel C. Andrews 442

Idyll of Squam Lake, The, by Ellen M. Mason 263

Indian Fight on Barbers Mountain, An, by George B. Upham 407

Indian Trail along the Connecticut River, The, by George B. Upham 424

Last Log Drive, The, by Katherine C. Meader 444

Literary and Debating Societies in New Hampshire Towns and Academies, by Asa Cur-
rier Tilton 306

New Educational Program in New Hampshire, The, by Frank S. Streeter 389

New Hampshire's Financial History, by James O. Lyford 81

New Hampsliire's Memorial at Valley Forge, by Hobart Pillsbury 283

New Hampshire Necrology:

George W. Abbott, 77; Major John Aldrich, 453; Dr. Carl A. Allen, 453; George
W. Ames, 241; Philip F. Amidon, 76; Hinman C. Bailey, 276; Henry H. Barber, 129;
James H. Batchelder, 277; Dr. Frank Blaisdell, 130; John D. Bridgman, 374; Joseph

Contents iii

W. Buttcrfield, 375; William P. Carleton, 375; Philip Carpenter, 416; Edward L.

Carroll, 128; Burt Chellis, 132; Dr. C. W. Clement, 30; J. M. Clough, 377; Mrs.

Susan F. Colgate, 279; Kenyon Cox, 279; Rockwell Craig, 132; Dr. John M. Currier,

525; Dr. D. S. Dearborn, 277; Dr. S. M. Dinsmoor, 374; Lester C. Dole, 30; Rev.

Jesse M. Durrell, 524; Samuel T. Dutton, 278; Capt. Willcie I. EUiott, 30; Rufus N.

Elwoll, 131; Fred W. Farnsworth, 375; Robert H. Fletcher, 525; Charles N. Freeman,

416; James E. French, 376; Capt. Robert A. French, 131 ; Ernest M. Goodall, 176; Dr.

E. E. Graves, 596; Charles W. Gray, 132; Ralph C. Gray, 279; Mrs. Sophia D. Hall,

29; Alfred K. Hamilton, 279; Rev. C. H. Hannaford, 277; Prof. John V. Hazen, 525;

Charles T. Henderson, 277; Rev. Elwin Hitchcock, D. D., 130; Prof. Charles H.

Hitchcock, 595; W. H. Hitchcock, 241; Josiah H. Hobbs, 596; Gilbert Hodges,

177; Dr. H. C. Holbrook, 323; Judge L. W. Holmes, 241; Francis A. Houston, 179;

A. F. Howard, 523; G. S. Hubbard, 177; George D. Huntley, 377; Leon D. Hurd,

454; Rev. William P. Israel, 277; Dr. E. E. Jones, 77; Fred S. Johnson, 279; Anson

L. Keyes, 326; Henry A. Kimball, 275; Edmund W. Knight, 415; E. M. Lancaster,

375; Charles E. Lane, 241 ; Dr. W. E. Lawrence, 274; Reuben T. Leavitt, 454; Joseph

^n Lewando, 30; C. H. Manning, 278; T. E. O. Marvin, 239; Mrs. A. H. McCrillis, 595;

4 Mrs. James Minot,276; Dr. F. W. Mitchell, 179; M. L .Morrison, 375; John M. Moses,

277; Dr. E. M. Mulhns, 279; David E. Murphy, 452; G. W. C. Noble, 375; Dr. A.

^ . L. Norris, 453; Dr. Nomus Paige, 277; W. S. Pierce, 130; Manasah Perkins, 178; A. E.

^ Richards, 375; Mrs. E. R. Richardson, 241; F. L. Sanders, 453; Rev. O. C. Sargent,

'r— 1V7; A. T. Severance, 130; Carey Smith, 275; George E. Smith, 327; E. M. Smith,

278; Dr. N. E. Soule, 278; A. B. Stearns, 595; L. M. Stearns, 132; G. W. Stone,

^ 454; C. H. Tenney, 327; J. W. Vittum, 179; John T. Welch, 525; E. C. Wescott,

327; J. H. Wesley, 132; A. S. Wetherell, 276; J. H. Wight, 130; George Winch,

278; Eben M. WiUis, 76; Mrs. Mary P. Woodworth, 326; A. A. Woolson, 77;

1 Eugene B. Worthen, 30.

" New Hampshire's New School Law, by Frank S. Streeter 505

^ New Hampshire Ships, by H. C. Raynes 165

New Hamp.shire Thoreau, A 370

New Hampshire's War Workers 85

Official New Hampshire, by Harlan C. Pearson 14, 45, 103, 215

Old Home Week in Pittsfield, by Walter Scott 461

One Soldier Decides, by Annabel C. Andrews 254

Poems :

A Deserted Homstead, by Alida Cogswell True, p. 387; A League of Nations, by
Loren Webster, 102; A Memory, by Helen Adams Parker, 446; A Mother to Her
Son, by Jean R. Patterson, 459; April, by F. M. Colby, 171; At Ninety Years, by
Bela Chapin, 124; Autumn in a New Hampshire Village, by A. W. Anderson, 498;
Bear Island, by Mary H. Wheeler, 272; Bouncing Bet, by Alice M. Shepard, 449;
Death and Roosevelt, by E. H. Baynes, 64; England, by Alice Brown, 8; February 12,
1919, by Clarence E. Carr, 238; The First Snow, by Virginia B. Ladd, 588; Going
Back Home, by Martha S. Baker, 344; Hospitality, by Frances C. Hamlet, 318; In
Dreamy, Sunny Mexico, F. M. Colby, 126; Just a Cottage Quaint and Old, by K.
C. Simonds, 482; Keeping the Flags Together, by Charles E. Sargent, 460; Kear-
sarge, by C. S. Pratt, 161; Lake Winnipesaukee, by Mary B. Benson, 356; Lilacs,
by Frances C. Hamlet, 273; Lilacs by the Door, by Harriet Barton, 233; Monad-
nock at Sunset, by C. N. Holmes, 262; Moosilauke, by Elizabeth T. McGaw, 522;
My Mother, by E. H. Richards, 24; New Hampshire's Old Home Week, by C. H.
Chapin, 36; Nighttime, by F. M. Pray, 551; Rosemary, by F. M. Pray, 263; Rasp-
berrying, by Mary E. Hough, 485; Song, by Carolyn Hillman, 305; Sonnet to
Euteri)e, by Louise P. Guyol, 102; Sunshine after Rain, by H. A. Parker, 254;
Telling Grandpa's Bees, by Laura A. Rice, 127; The Blue-Bird, by Bela Chapin, 139;
The CaU, by F. M. Pray, 175; The Connecticut, by P. R. Bugbee, 591; The Crosses,

iv Contents

by C. P. Cleaves, 300; The Eulogy on the Flag, by James T.Weston, 321;The Fruitage
Field, by Bela Chapin, 268; The Founder's Call, by P. R. Bugbee, 419; The Grave-
yard on the Hill, by C. N. Holmes, 451; The Message of the Laiu-el, by E. R.
Sheldrick, 26; The Mountain by the Sea, by Donald C. Babcock, 431; The Old
Homestead, by Hattie Duncan Towle, 423; The Old Town Pump, by C. N. Holmes,
75; The Price of a Day, by Clarke B. Cochrane, 516; The Professor's Grave, by P.
R. Bugbee, 286; The School Children, by C. N. Holmes, 214; The Soldier Returns
from France, by Louise P. Guyol, 236; The Swing within the Grove, by C. N.
Holmes, 373; The Tower, by P. R. Bugbee, 393; The Way of Life, by L. Adelaide
Sherman, 561; What's the Use, by Edward H. Richards, 69; Whither, by Franklin
McDuffee, 122.

Political " If," A, by WOlis McDuffee ' 40

Qualifications of Electors, by Albert S. Batchellor 65

Sequel, The, by Frances P. Keyes 345, 400, 432, 486, 562

Smith, Lieutenant Archibald Lavender, by E. D. Towle 11

Spirit and the Vision, The, by Frances P. Keyes 205

Spofford and Lake Beautiful, by Francis A. Corey 394

Surry Anniversary, by F. E. Kingsbury and Mrs. J. E. Harvey 529

Thrift Movement in New Hampshire, The 1919, by M. W. Stoddard 517

Through the Year in New Hampshire, by Roland D. Sawyer 123, 172, 234, 267

319, 369, 412, 447, 515, 589

Two Dartmouth Letters, by H. C. Pearson 420

Wartime Temper of the State, The, by Richard W. Husband 245

Water Power and W^ater Conservation in New Hampshire, by George B. Leighton 379

Weare Papers, The, by Otis G. Hammond 357

Westmoreland and the late Willard Bill, by Rev. Dr. S. H. McCollester 296

White Mountain Centenary, A, by John W. Weeks . ; 331

Winslow, Sherburne J., by N. S. Drake 137

„, /T|

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The Granite Monthly

Vol. LI JANUARY, 1919 No. 1

NEW HAMPSHIRE NEEDS A STATE

BUDGET

By Rolland H. Spdulding

Within ten years, the expenses of The state is doing work today

the state of New Hampshire have in- which the counties, the cities and the

creased from a milhon dollars a year towns used to do or which was not

to more than two and a half times done at all; and the state, of course,

that amount. is paying the bills.

This fact, in itself, is not a subject It must keep on doing so. And

for just criticism. It is brought with conditions as they are now and

about by the necessities and the ten- as they promise to continue for some

dencies of the times. Every state time to come, the state's expenditures

in the Union and the Union itself is cannot be lessened, but, in all prob-

in the same situation, many of the ability, must continue to increase,

states to a greater degree than New All we can do is to accept the situa-

Hampshire. tion with equanimity and resolve to

Leaving war activities and expendi- get the utmost possible value out of
tures out of the question, as an un- the increased number of dollars we
usual demand upon the public purse, are required to contribute for the pub-
there remain several lines of work lie support.

which the state is doing, and which it The best way to do this and the

ought to do, but which had not been most immediate improvement pos-

entered upon, or, if so, to only a slight sible for us in New Hampshire is the

extent, a decade ago. adoption of a state budget.

Very few people would have any of The word, "budget," is defined

these lines of work discontinued or variously-, but as good a statement as

lessened. Larger vision, day by day, any is that of Frederick A. Cleveland

makes clear the duty and obligation in The Annals of the American Acad-

of the state to guard the public health ewy of Political and Social Science, as

and to promote the public welfare in follows: "A budget may be defined

ways which former times left to the as a plan for financing the govern-

lesser units of government or even to ment during a definite period which

the individual. is prepared and submitted by a respon-

Editor's Note. — Hon. Rolland H. Spaulding of Rochester, a successful manufacturer,
noted for the independence of his views and the strength of his convictions in matters of public
welfare, was governor of New Hampshire in the years 1915 and 1916. Through his influence
and during his administration reforms were effected in the city and town finances of the state
from which great benefits have resulted. Uniform methods of accounting, adequate respon-
sibility for trust funds, public debts bonded on an honest and economical basis have increased
the credit of the units of government in New Hampshire to a wonderful degree. In this article
ex-Governor Spaulding shows a way for getting better value out of our state expenditures,
which is worthy the careful attention of all taxpayers and their representatives.

The Granite Monthly

sible executive to a representative
body whose approval and authoriza-
tion are necessary before the plan may
be executed."

"A budget is essential if there is to
be a proper balance between revenue
and expenditures and in order to give
the representatives of the people ade-
quate control over expenditures,"
says the report to the Massachusetts
Constitutional Convention of 1917 by
its commission to compile informa-
tion and data.

Most writers upon the budget
system in the United States fail to
give the state of New Hampshire
credit for any advance whatever upon
this line, but this is an error.

Chapter 10 of our Laws of 1909
says:

"Section 1. The chief of each
department of the state government,
each state board of commissioners,
the trustees or managers of each
state institution, and all agents of the
state in charge of public works shall
on or before February 15, 1909, file
with the state treasurer estimates in
detail of the amounts required by
their respective departments, boards
and institutions for each of the fiscal
years ending August 31, 1910, and
August 31, 1911.

"Sect. 2. Similar estimates shall be
filed with the state treasurer, for each
biennial period, on or before the first
day of January preceding each legis-
lative session.

"Sect. 3. Such estimates shall be
submitted to the appropriations com-
mittee of the House of Representatives,
who shall seasonably prepare and in-
troduce an appropriation bill or bills
to provide for the necessities of the
state for each biennial period."

At the same session of the Legis-
lature all annual standing appropria-
tions were repealed and the authori-
zation of, and provision for, all state
expenditures centered, rightly, in this
one procedure.

The state treasurers have discharged
their duties faithfully and efficiently

under this act, as vmder all others, and
have rendered to the Legislatures at
the time designated complete state-
ments, classified by departments, of
the actual expenses of all state depart-
ments and institutions, of appropri-
ations available, and of all requests
for appropriations, regular and special.

These requests are made and these
figures are forwarded, and here is one
great defect of the system, precisely
as they are made by the heads of
departments.

Each head asks, of course, for all
the money he thinks he may need
during the next two years, and he
would be more than human, if, in
making his estimates, he did not take
into consideration the probable cut-
ting down and paring off which they
will undergo in the Legislature, if the
future might be judged by the past.

"How much do you want?" and
"I'll give you so much" have been as
characteristic of legislative appropria-
tions as of horse trades, in New Hamp-
shire in the past.

This undignified, to use a mild
word, relation between state depart-
ments and legislative committees in
New Hampshire is disliked by the
former for another good reason.

Even the department head who has
shrewdly and with forethought swelled
his estimates to take care of the in-
evitable cut often finds himself and
his work sorely wounded by having
the legislative committee do its operat-
ing on a part of his schedule which he
had not anticipated. The pound of
flesh sometimes is taken from too near
the heart of the subject.

To such an extent was this the case
at the legislative session of 1917 that
when the House of Representatives
appropriation committee was ready
to report and the worst was known in
regard to what it had done, the heads
of state departments formed in a
bod}', moved in procession to the
executive chamber and pleaded with
the governor to save the financial lives
of some of their projects and lines of
work.

New Hampshire Needs a Staie Budget

This the pjovornor was able to do to
some extent, unofficially; but so far as
his power in the matter under the laws
and constitution extends all he could
have done would be to veto the entire
appropriation bill and to withhold his
approval until the various items in it
had been adjusted in accordance with
his wishes.

There have been times when gov-
ernors have been sorely tempted to do
that verj' thing, but it never has been
done, and with the adoption of an up-
to-date budget plan it never need be
done.

The state of Maryland has gone so
far as to make the budget plan of
state finance a part of its constitu-
tion by vote of the people in Novem-
ber, 1916, and several other states
have the same step under considera-
tion; but it is to be doubted if New
Hampshire, with its well-known and
on many accounts commendable con-
servatism in regard to constitutional
changes will go so far as that.

What it should do, however, and
from this proposition no dissent is
heard anywhere, is to so amend the
constitution that the governor can
veto individual items in appropria-
tion bills without requiring the re-
consideration of the whole measure.
When President Albert O. Brown of
the Constitutional Convention of
1918 calls that body together again
within a year after the signing of a
peace treaty, it is to be hoped that one
of the amendments which it will pro-
pose to the people of the state for rati-
fication may be this one in regard to
appropriation bills.

It may be of interest, however, to
consider briefly the how and why of
Mar}'land's action in becoming the
first state in the Union to make a
financial budget requirement a part
of her constitution. To put it baldly,
Maryland in 1915 found herself bank-
rupt. She was out of cash and she
owed a million and a half dollars of
current bills with no provision for
their payment. The people „ de-
manded that something be done.

That something was the appoint-
ment of a connnission to prepare a
new plan of state finances. That
commission was headed by Professor
Frank J. (Joodnow of Johns Hopkins
University, and it did its work so well
as to attract national attention.
Governor Henry W. Keyes of New
Hampshire in his inaugural message
of January 4, 1917, recommended the
report of this commission to the at-
tention of the Legislature of this
state, but there is nothing to indicate
that his recommendation was heeded.

The people of Maryland, however,
gave attention to the report, thor-
oughly approved of it and, as has
been said, voted it into the constitu-
tion of the state.

It calls for the preparation of a
budget containing a complete state-
ment of the revenues and expenditures
of the two years next preceding and
also a proposed plan of expenditures
and revenues for the coming two years.
In addition there must be an exact
statement of assets, liabilities, re-
serves, surpluses or deficits of the
state. This program must be pre-
pared by the governor, who has the
right and, if called upon, must regard
it as his duty, to appear before the
Legislature and explain and advocate
his budget.

Before the Maryland Legislature
can act on any appropriation bills it
must consider the governor's budget.
It can reduce, but not increase, the
amounts which he demands to meet
the expenses of the state. Only after
it has passed this budget, as pro-
posed or amended, can the Legisla-
ture pass additional bills calling for
expenditures.

Charles A. Beard, director of the
Bureau of Municipal Research, New
York, writing of this Maryland move-
ment and- describing its success in
actual practice in the year 1918,
says: "Under the leadership of an
able governor, who took his task
seriously, and went at his work in a
businesslike way, the State of Mary-
land has been able, so to speak, to

The Granite Monthly

take its goods away from the pawn-
broker's shop. It knows where it
stands. It works to plans. It fol-
lows simple and elementary principles
of good management, common sense.
The wonder is that it has taken so
long to discover the obvious."

While Maryland has gone the
farthest of any state along the road of
financial reform by executive budget
making, there are twenty-two other
states which have taken longer or
shorter steps towards the same end,
and the leaven is working in almost
all the rest.

Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota,
Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico,
Ohio and Utah have statutorj^ pro-
visions for executive budget systems.

In New Jersey all requests for ap-
propriations must be made to the
governor l^efore November 15 and he
transmits his decisions in regard to
them to the Legislature in the form of
a special message on the second
Tuesday in January. To this mes-
sage he may make later additions, if
he sees fit, but provision is made that
all appropriations shall be included in
a "General Appropriation Bill," and
it is the intent of the act that no sup-
plemental, deficiency or incidental
bills shall be considered. No limita-
tion is placed upon the Legislature in
considering the governor's budget and
that body may increase as well as
strike out or reduce items that are
recommended. The Kansas law is
similar to that of New Jersey.

Under the Ohio law, which is less
detailed and specific than the others
mentioned, the governor is given
authority, of which he has taken ad-
vantage, to appoint a Inidget com-
missioner, who compiles the necessary
data for the governor's use and ad-
vises with him in regard to his recom-
mendations.

An interesting feature of the Ne-
braska law requires the governor to
give brief reasons for each item of
expenditure in which the proposed
appropriation is different from that
of the previous biennial period. Min-

nesota requires that the budget bill
be submitted to the legislature not
later than February 1.

Massachusetts did not take formal
action in the matter of an executive
budget until 1918 although much of
its procedure, like New Hampshire's,
had been on that line. The Bay
State Legislature of 1917 created a
joint special committee on finances
and budget procedure which submit-
ted a bill, "To establish a budget sys-
tem for the Commonwealth," which
became Chapter 244 of the General
Acts of 1918.

This act provides that the heads of
all state activities shall submit to the
supervisor of administration, on or
before October 15, in each year, their
estimates for the coming year, and
that the auditor shall compile the
same, together with a statement of
"his estimates for the ordinary and
other revenue of the Commonwealth"
and "a statement of the free and un-
encumbered cash balance and other
resources available for appropriations. "

The supervisor of administration
thereupon prepares a budget for the
governor who submits it to the Gen-
eral Court not later than the second
Wednesday in January. It must in-
clude in detail "definite recommen-
dations of the Governor relative to the
amounts which should be appro-
priated " and as to the financing of the
expenditures thus recommended.

Other states which have a budget
system, but in which the executive is
not the central figure, usually have a
budget board or commission, which
includes the leading executive officers
of the state and the chairmen of the
finance committees of the Legislature.
This is the Wisconsin plan, the first
budget system adopted in this coun-
try, and has been copied by New
York, Connecticut, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont
and Washington. Later develop-
ments are away from this type and
towards the executive budget system,
now favored by the principal authori-
ties on government finance.

New Hampshire Needs a State Budget

But New Hampshire, because of the
extent to which Vermont coiuHtions
and problems resemble our own, may
be interested especially in a brief out-
line of the Green Mountain law on
this point. Across the Connecticut a
law enacted in 1915 provides for a
state budget committee composed of
the governor, auditor, state treasurer,
chairman of the finance committee of
the Senate, chairman of the appro-
priations committee of the House,
chairman of the ways and means com-
mittee of the House and the state
purchasing agent. The governor is
chairman of the committee and the
auditor is the secretary.

All heads of departments, boards,
institutions, etc , are required to re-
port during the month of October to
the secretary of the budget com-
mittee the amounts required by their
departments for the ensuing two
years and the amounts appropriated
and expended for the current year
and for the two preceding fiscal
periods. The budget committee also
receives statements from any in-
dividual, corporation, association or
institution desiring an appropriation.
Any person having a claim against the
state is likewise requested to file a
statement of the amount of such
claim.

The budget committee then pro-
ceeds to prepare the budget, being
required, whenever there is a dif-
ference between the requests made by
a department and the recommenda-
tions of the committee, to explain the
reasons for the change. The budget
report, when completed, must be
printed and sent to each member-
elect of the incoming Legislature and
to the clerk of each town before
December 10; and when the Legisla-
ture convenes and has organized it
shall be presented to the newh'
organized committee on the budget.

Since the houses of the incoming
Legislature may appoint new chair-
men of the committees on finance,
ways and means and appropriations
and thus change the membership of

the budget committee which drew up
the tentative budget, the act provides
that the newly formed budget com-
mittee shall have power to review the
budget as originally prepared. With
this end in view, provision is made
that the newh^ formed budget com-
mittee shall at the beginning of the
legislative session receive the tenta-
tive budget from the outgoing com-
mittee and after examination shall
make such revision as it deems ad-
visable and draw up a consolidated
statement of the estimated income
and expenditures as finally agreed
upon.

Readers who may be interested in
securing more information about the
budget systems of the various states
and of some cities than it is possible to
give in the limited space here avail-
able, can consult Volume LXII (No-
vember, 1915) of The Annals of the
American Academy of Political and
Social Science, and Bulletin No. 2,
"State Budget Systems in the United
States," submitted to the Massa-
chusetts constitutional convention by
the commission to compile informa-
tion and data for the use of the con-
vention. Each of these publications
has been mentioned previously in this
article an,d from them liberal ex-
tracts have been made by the present
writer. The Massachusetts report
includes a very useful bibliographj' of
the subject, brought up to the present
year.

It will be noted that whether the
executive budget system or the budget
committee system is in force, there
are some features common to both.
Every department head, for instance,
not only can, but must, prepare and
present his estimates for the future
cost of his work. He must be ready
to answer questions as to the whys
and the wherefores of his figures. He
must show where the state will get
value received for the dollars he pro-
poses to expend. On the other hand
by this procedure he is guaranteed
against having his estimates ruth-
lessly chopped, maimed and mangled

6 The Granite Monthly

by men in authority who are without principal legislative committee on

exact knowledge as to what his various finance a man who has served thirty

items mean and what difference their years in the Legislature, has been a

reduction or elimination would bring member of the appropriations com-

about in the accomplishment of the mittee for twelve years, its chairman

state's work. The usefulness of pub- in eight of them and its most influ-

lic hearings in this connection is self- ential member in the other four. It

evident. is said that the gentleman in question,

Another good result which is sure Colonel James E. French, who is

to come from the competent enforce- elected to the Legislature every two

ment of either kind of a budget system years by the unanimous vote of the

is earlier action by the Legislature in town of Moultonboro, has provided

the matter of appropriations and in in his will that upon his tombstone

all probability an earlier final ad- shall be carved the epitaph, *'He

journment of the General Court. In saved the state of New Hampshire a

New Hampshire, in 1917, when the lot of money." And whether the

legislative session began January 3, story is true or not, the epitaph cer-

it was fifteen weeks later, on April 11, tainly would be.

when the general appropriation bill There are those who complain that

was introduced into the House of Mr. French regards the tree of New

Representatives. One week later the Hampshire state finance as too much

session ended. his own personal property, and that

The following week some of those while he is willing others should

interested in certain projects of state water it and fertilize it and pick its

work found that while bills author- fruit, the process of pruning is one

izing the work had been enacted into that he keeps for himself and in which

law, the funds for carrying them into he uses very sharp shears. They say

effect had been omitted from the ap- he is too severe in refusing to allow

propriation bill; and these persons any growth of the tree for ornamental

compared themselves with the well- purposes. They say that now and

known darling daughter, who was then in his pruning he cuts off or

allowed to go out to swim, but mustn't trims too closely a branch bearing, or

go near the water. about to bear, valuable fruit. They

On the whole. New Hampshire has say that he is too much opposed to

not suffered greatly, thus far, from growing new scions upon the old stock,

her lack of a better budget system, even when experience elsewhere has

She has been very fortunate in the shown their value,
character and ability of the men who But it must be admitted that the

have administered her financial af- old tree is kept in the best of health

fairs. The late Colonel Solon A. by his care and that when any of its

Carter, so long state treasurer, was a fruit in the shape of state bonds is

remarkable man in his line, and, as sold in the open market it brings the

has been said, made a budget begin- highest price.

ning in New Hampshire. His succes- At this writing Colonel French is
sors have maintained and are main- approaching the subject of state
taining his standard. Almost all of finance from a new angle as a member
the governors of the state have been of a special recess committee of the
men of business training, and have Legislature of 1917, charged with the
administered state affairs, so far as duty of investigating the whole sub-
was in their power, on good business ject of the revenues and expenditures
lines. of the Commonwealth with instruc-

It is probable that no other state tions to report recommendations in

can equal the record of New Hamp- that relation to the Legislature of

shire in having at the head of its 1919.

New Hampshire Needs a State Budget 7

The other members of the com- provision for getting before Congress

mittee, appointed by Governor Henry annuall}^ a definite budget, that is, a

W. Keyes in accordance with the concrete and well-considered program

terms of the concurrent resolution of or prospectus of work to be financed."

the General Court, are Senator Clar- And on June 27, 1912, President

ence M. Collins of Danville, Represen- Taft sent a message to Congress,

tative Benjamin W. Couch of Concord, transmitting, with his approval, the

chairman of the House committee on report of the commission, entitled,

the judiciary, Representative James F. "The Need for a National Budget."

Brennan of Peterboro, and Represen- This document, says Doctor Beard,

tative and Senator-elect Richard H. "was a temperate and convincing

Horan of ^Manchester. The make-up condemnation of the financial meth-

of the committee insures a valuable re- ods of the Federal Government and a

port as the result of its deliberations clear-cut demand for a positive budget

and it is possible that the first step in system."

the way of further budget reform in For half a dozen years now it has

New Hampshire may be among its been gathering dust in the archives

results. The step may be taken, also, of Congress, but meanwhile its spirit

as the result of a renewal by Governor has gone marching on through the

Keyes in his valedictory of the sugges- country, and there are indications

tion which he made in his inaugural for that before long it will be back in

the consideration in New Hampshire Washington again, this time backed

of the Maryland idea. It may come by an irresistible public sentiment in

thi'ough its inclusion by Governor- its favor.

elect Bartlet-t in the forward-looking It is the fact rather than the form

program of his inaugural address. of budget procedure which it is im-

How it comes matters not, but that portant for New Hampshire to con-
it should come is of real importance to sider at once,
the state of New Hampshire. It is very likely that satisfactory

It is true that it has not reached work would be done here by a com-

Washington as yet, but this fact mission made up on the Vermont

merely ranks budget reform among model to w^hich allusion has been

the many improvements in govern- made and which preserves the essen-

ment made by the states as individuals tial features of early estimate, wise

before the central authority has seen and impartial consideration and au-

the light. thoritative report. Expert opinion.

And so far as that goes there have however, is all in favor of the execu-

been those at the national capital tive budget.

keen enough to see the faults of the Saj^s Rufus E. Miles, director of

present financial procedure there and the Ohio Institute for Public Effi-

wise enough to recommend the proper ciency: "By whom shall the depart-

remedy. mental data be reviewed, modified,

In 1910 President William H. Taft correlated, and united into a homo-
selected a commission on economy geneous whole? Among the con-
and efficiency to study the methods siderations in favor of placing this
employed by the Federal Govern- function in the hands of the chief
ment in the transaction of its busi- executive may be mentioned the
ness, methods which, according to following:

Senator Aldrich of Rhode Island, «^(i) Bv reason of the manner of

wasted three hundred million dollars a his election, he represents the entire

year of the people's money. citizenship and not merely a section

This commission soon discovered of it.

that "a very conspicuous cause of "(2) There is now an increasing

inefficiency and waste is inadequate tendency in city, state and nation, to

The Granite Monthly

hold the chief executive responsible
for the policy of the government as a
whole.

" (3) It is a part of the regular duty
of the chief executive to understand,
correlate and supervise the work of
the various administrative depart-
ments, which constitute the" bulk of
governmental work.

''(4) It would be loose organiza-
tion to have such departments deal-
ing directly with the Legislature in-
dependently of their chief, who is
responsible for them.

"(5) When the program contained
in a budget formulated by the chief
executive is approved by the Legisla-
ture, the most definite and concen-

trated responsibility possible is placed
upon him to carry out that program
as set forth therein."

Because of the precedent in New
Hampshire against the reelection of
governors it might be wise to provide
for the framing of the budget by the
outgoing governor, but with the co-
operation and approval of the incom-
ing governor, thus making use of the
experience of the one and the author-
ity of the other.

The main thing is to get a real
budget, however framed and exe-
cuted. New Hampshire needs it and
will not be as happy and well off as
she might be until she gets it.

ENGLAND

By Alice Brown

Not for the green of her myriad leaves,

Heavy with dews of dawn;
Not for the web her cloud-wrack weaves,
Dark and bright, over low-hung eaves

Storied castle and scarp and lawn;
Not for her larks, outsinging the sun,

Gold on gold, in melodic flight;
Nor the bird of mj^stery, known of none
Who hunt her by day, the authentic one.

Interpreter of the night;
Not for her leisured water ways.

Her fringes of circling foam.
Nor the lingering light of her long, sweet days.
Is she mother of millions of souls of men.

Keeper of keys of their hearts' true home.
Hail to her! hail to her! hail her again!
England! England! mother of men!

Look where she sits in her sturdy pride,

Zoned by the sounding sea.
The nurse that suckled her towers beside.
Old as Destiny, young, like a bride;

Liberty, wind of the world, is she —
Chanting the paean of England's dead.

Burnt on the brim of her shield's bright gold.
And the brave of yesterday, they who bled
In the breathless last assault she led

Are no less than the names of old.

England 9

These are England's witnesses, heart of her heart,

Sinew and thew of her, blood and bone,
Of her pride the peak and her pain a part,
Equals in valor, from city or fen,
Each man to the fray though he fight alone.
Hail to her! hail to her! hail her again!
England! England! mother of men!

O giant mother ribbed of the rock

Cooled out of primal fires!
Beacon goddess, when mad winds mock,
Battering, buffeting, shock on shock,

At the ark of a world's desires!
Fair is she as a mother is fair,

The twilight star of dreams in her eyes,
Roses and thyme on her shadowy hair,
The faint fine circlet glimmering there

Down-dropt from immortal skies.
The good earth smiles from her smihng mouth.

Her hands are the warders of sick and strong.
Wine of the north and sweet of the south

Is her breath, when, over her wizard pen.

She chants her children their natal song.
Hail to her! hail to her! hail her again!
England ! England ! mother of men !

Editor's Note.— Miss Alice Brown, born in Hampton Falls, has achieved the most eminent
success in literature of any living native of New Hampshire. Critics assign a high place in
American fiction to her stories of New England rural life and in verse and drama, also, she has
won laurels. Her tribute to England, printed above, was published first in the Boston Herald
of recent date.

HONOR FOR SON OF EXETER

Mr. John E. Gardner, electrical
engineer of the Chicago, Burlington
and Quincy, was elected president of
the Association of Railway Electrical
Engineers at its annual meeting held
in Chicago, last month. Mr. Gard-
ner, says the Railway Electrical Engi-
neer, was born at Exeter, in 1882. He
graduated from Phillips Exeter Acad-
emy in 1900 and from Harvard four
years later, following which he entered
the service of the General Electric
Company at its Lynn works where he
was engaged in motor testing and
steam and gas turbine research work.
In 1905, he resigned to go with the
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy as

special apprentice, in which capacity
he was engaged on locomotive testing
and miscellaneous laboratory work.
Later he was consecutively employed
in locomotive erecting, in the machine
shops, car shop, drafting rooms and
machinery installation. In 1909, when
the Burlington first began to install
electric lights on its suburban and
through trains he was employed on
work of this character at the Aurora
shops and also on special work on the
staff of the shop superintendent until
1911, at which time he was trans-
ferred to the office of mechanical engi-
neer on special construction work.
On March 1, 1913, he was appointed
electrical engineer of that road.

LIEUTENANT ARCHIBALD L. SMITH

LIEUT. ARCHIBALD LAVENDER SMITH

Address by Rev. E. D. Towle at a Memorial Service on Sunday,
December 1, 1918, at the Smith Memorial Church in

Hillsborough, N. H.

Four years ago we believed that the From the local schools he went to

heart of young America was in the Noble and Greenough's preparatory

right place. We hoped also that the school and thence to Harvard, grad-

teachings of the fathers had not been uating in the class of 1911.

without effect. Now we know that He was married to Miss Madeleine

Washington and Lincoln still live. Fellows of Manchester, N. H., No-

Of the vast host gf clear-eyed, vember 1, 1916. The glad tidings of

truthful, loyal, chivalrous young men the birth of a son, born August 2, and

who have gone forth to fight our bat- named John Butler, reached him in

ties, we have gathered to do honor to camp in France.

one known of all present, admired by After leaving college the intimate

all, loved by all. training received by both sons, under

Many of you have been acquainted the immediate supervision of their

with him as long as I, that is, all his life, father, qualified them upon his death

The years pass so rapidly that it is to assume the care of the family's
hard to realize that had he lived he widely extended business interests,
would be thirty years old the coming Never rugged he yet had kept him-
February first. Born at Hillsbor- self equal to his work through his love
ough Bridge, the elder son of Gov. of outdoor life, being especially ex-
John Butler and Emma E. Lavender pert in horsemanship.
Smith, he belonged to Hillsborough in Then came the call that startled
a peculiar sense. a self-complacent world. How he met

Father and grandfather had been the call you remember. For him the

closely identified with the community's life of camp and battlefield had no at-

interests in all their phases. traction. He was not deceived as to

It could not be but that he should what it all meant. He weighed the

be known of all. It was the endear- future with the present and the

ing name of Archie by which he was glamor of war held nothing to com-

called in infancy, boyhood and man- pare with what was already his. It

hood, and when the sad news of his was all against his temperament, his

sudden taking off in a distant land training, his ideals. No overflow of

spread from house to house along animal spirits could carry him easily

every road and path of his beloved out of the old life into the new. But

town, it was still the same tender, duty called and he answered,

affectionate name made familiar in He enhsted in the Quartermaster's

early days that all emploj-ed. Department August 7, 1917, and was

Little incidents of his boyhood will attached to the 301st Company,

occur to many. I recall when he was Motor Supply Train 401. Upon ar-

a lad to whom travel in his own coun- rival in France he wrote his mother,

try and even abroad was open, that "Dec. 5th, 12:40 A. M., our ship

he preferred New Hampshire's hills, sailed out of New York harbor and

and how to a group of boys praising landed us at San Nazarre."

their own towns and distant states. He remained in France until his

he turned with eagerness and sought death, August 21, when after a single

to know if they had ever visited the day's illness he "went West." He had

"Bridge." written home: "I am gradually get-

The Granite Monthly

ting accustomed to my new work.
Upon this office devolves jurisdiction
over all motor vehicles, repair shops,
reserve parks, storage depots and op-
erating personnel through the section.
I know that it will prove interesting
work."

It is gratifying to learn that his
faithfulness and ability have been
recognized by his superiors, a lieuten-
ant's commission having been an-
nounced almost simultaneously with
the news of his death. How exacting
his task was may be learned from this
extract from one of his letters, "The
last and the first days of the months
are busy days in Army offices, pay-
rolls, strength reports, ration-returns
and rosters all require much care and
consideration and endless hours of
work."

Concerning the part he played in
this critical period of the world's life,
a soldier-friend in Europe wrote, "He
is doing a wonderful work and doing it
well." His will to serve was stronger
than his bodily strength. Doubly
great then is the meed of praise that
is his due.

In Archibald Smith flowered the
finest traits of New England culture.
The commandment to "honor thy
■father and thy mother" never was
.more sacredly kept. It was the key-
note of his being. The signal con-
scientiousness manifested in his de-
voted attachment to brother and aunt
as well as parents was the most pro-
nounced feature of his character.

Modest, reverent, teachable, re-
specting the rights of others, but
never self-assertive, he grew in wis-
dom and power until the end. With
what distinctness are the very depths
of his teachable nature revealed in the
well-remembered words, spoken at
the beginning of his business career:
"I may not seem to be doing any-
thing. I am just listening to father."
His careful thoughtfulness, which
weighed all things most scrupulously,
was carried into every relation of life.
A beautiful courtesy lent distinc-
tion to his bearing. No one, rich or

poor, wise or ignorant, ever felt that
the just respect due him was denied.
His innate refinement kept him
from the coarser things, but pure
democracy, for which he died, was
also something by which he had al-
ways lived.

Reserved and self-contained as he
may have seemed to strangers, those
closest to him recognized how deep
and warm were his affections. The
love manifest in the inner circles of
the home was transformed beyond
their boundaries into undying friend-
ship for his comrades.

Many a youthful soul has laid
down his life for his native France,
England, Belgium or Italy. Many
another valiant boy from America has
crossed the wide seas to fight and die
by their side. But nowhere, on sea or
land, or in the air, has a more knightly
spirit answered to the summons of
death than Archibald Lavender
Smith.

We are told that the young men,
who comprise our armies overseas, are
to return to their homes, grander men
than when they left them, because
they have been baptized into a con-
sciousness of the spiritual realities of
existence. No doubt Archibald, had
he lived to come back, would have re-
turned with his realization of the re-
ligious value of life deeply enhanced.
But when he left home, he marched
away, not only a soldier of his country,
but a soldier of the cross as well. Let
me quote these characteristic words
sent home: "I am thankful that you
and my beloved father taught me the
way and the wisdom of the Christian
life. I am trying to live up to my
ideals. It may be, that I will be called
upon, to lay down my life, in this
great struggle. I do not fear death,
but I want to live for my loved ones."
From childhood up religion was a
reality to him. He united with the
Hillsborough Church September 10,
1905. I can see in memory, you too
can see, the tall willowy figure mov-
ing graciously along these aisles, wel-
coming all who came. He could not

Lieut. Archibald Lavender Smith

but have carried his religion with him,
for it was a part of himself.

I have been proud this last year to
think that the noble-minded young
men of England and of France whom
he might meet would find before them
a typical young American at his best.
He was the royal product of the demo-
cratic American home, community
and church. He embodied American
idealism. In an army that makes no
distinction between rich and poor,
Archibald marched side by side with
his comrades.

He was conscious of what he was
giving. He had much to give and he
gave all, for he had learned that serv-
ice of humanity crowned with love to
God is the sum total of life's meaning.
Last January he wrote : ''I know what
it is like to have a sense of duty call-
ing you in two directions at once. If
your soul is sincere, you must yield
to the stronger call. That is what I
did, and I found it to be a problem."
(In letter of January 3.)

Amid the host of high-minded
American boys, that have swept across
the fields of France, or searched the
ocean depths, or climbed the heights
above the earth, there is not one more
noble than he whom his native town
crowns with loving -honor today. Of
perfect integrity, true as steel, un-
spoiled by prosperity, this young man,
who kept the commandment to honor
father and mother, should, we feel,
have received the promise that "thy
days may be long in the land which
the Lord thy God. giveth thee." But
his memory will be long in the land.

The bell of Smith Memorial Church
will sound sweeter as the years go by.

His spirit and the spirits of his
brave companions who have gone
forth from Hillsborough to die in the
cause of humanity will become a part
of the very air we breathe. The roads
about his native village, the hills and
lakes and streams, with which he was
so closely associated, will grow more
beautiful. He will live, too, a source
of inspiration in every word of truth
and every act of right and liberty of
this town.

Had he returned there is no honor
that could come to him equal to the
honor that has overtaken him in a
foreign land and crowned in death.

Tradition has it that Lafayette re-
quested that soil from Bunker Hill be
brought to France for his last resting
place and that in this holy earth he
was buried.

The soil of America will not be less
sacred — it will be more sacred — be-
cause the bodies of our beloved boys
that, now that the war is over, are to
be reverently borne back to their
native land, have first for a little space
slept in the glorious soil of France or
Belgium, lands for which they have
died, that they might be set free from
tyranny and wrong.

"I with uncovered head sahite the sacred
dead,
Who went and who return not. Say not so!

They come transfigured back,
Secure from change in their high-hearted

ways,
Beautiful evermore, and with the rays
Of morn on their white Shields of Expect-
ation."

A NEW NEW HAMPSHIRE NOVELIST

The list of books to be published
in the spring by Houghton Mifflin
Companv, Boston, will include a
novel, "The Old Gray Homestead,"
by Frances Parkinson Keyes (Mrs.
Henry W. Keyes) of Haverhill, N. H.
It is a matter of pride to the Granite
Monthly that the first published

contributions of Mrs. Keyes were
printed in this magazine; soon fol-
lowed, however, by her appearance
among the contributors to the Atlan-
tic Monthly and other periodicals of
national circulation. The appearance
of her first novel will be awaited with
much interest in her home state.

OFFICIAL NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1919-1920

By Harlan C. Pearson

In one respect the biennial election
of November, 1918, in New Hamp-
shire, was of unique importance. Be-
cause of the death of United States
Senator Jacob H. Gallinger, two
members of the upper house of the
national legislature were elected on
the same ballot; one to complete
Senator Gallinger 's unexpired term
until March 4, 1921, and the other to
succeed Senator Henry F. HolHs,
who was not a candidate for re-
election, for the term ending March
4, 1925.

There were also chosen at the same
time a new governor, two congress-
men, the five members of the execu-
tive council, twenty-four state-sen-
ators, four hundred and six members
of the state House of Representatives
and eighty county officers.

Because of the lively contest for
the Republican senatorial nomina-
tion, in which Governor Henry W.
Keyes won from former Governor
Rolland H. Spaulding by the narrow
margin of three hundred votes, much
interest was taken in the Republican
primary, which continued, also, into
the convention by which a candidate
to succeed Senator Gallinger was
chosen.

The fact that there was no sharp
rivalry .for the Democratic nomina-
tions gave the leaders of that party
an opportunity to bring about the
selection of a strong ticket, headed by
former Congressman Eugene E. Reed
and Chairman John B. Jameson of
the Public Safety Committee for the
senatorial seats; State Senator Na-
thaniel E. Martin of Concord, one
of the leaders of the state bar, for
governor; and two young lawyers of
eloquence and vote-getting ability,
William N. Rogers of Wakefield and
Harry F. Lake of Concord, for con-
gressmen.

The Liberty Loan campaign and
the influenza epidemic occupied the
public attention so completely during
the month of October that the po-
litical campaign was one of the short-
est on record and entirely out of
proportion to the importance of the
issues and offices at stake.

Former Mayor D wight Hall of
Dover, who managed the Republi-
can campaign of 1914, which elected
Governor Spaulding and Senator Gal-
linger, was called back to the chair-
manship of the Republican State
Committee, and City Sohcitor Alex-
ander Murchie succeeded as the
Democratic Committee chairman his
brother. Major Robert C. Murchie,
who was in France with the American
Expeditionary Force.

The period of active campaigning
covered less than a fortnight, but in
that time rallies were held in all the
principal centers, the newspapers car-
ried a record-breaking amount of
political advertising and the rival
committees managed to spend about
$20,000 each with the aggregate of the
expenditures by individual candidates
amounting to as much more.

President Wilson and ex-President
Roosevelt wrote letters asking for
support for the Democratic and Re-
publican candidates, respectively, and
former President Taft came to New
Hampshire to speak for the Repub-
licans. United States senators and
congressmen, cabinet members and
other political leaders of national
fame also were heard on the stump,
and the suffragists and anti-suffragists
took a prominent part in the fray.

The result was that in spite of the
absence of 17,000 New Hampshire
men in the army and navy, only a
few of whom were reached by the
soldiers' voting law, the total vote
passed the 71,000 mark. The Re-

GOVERNOR JOHN H. BARTLETT

The Granite Monthly

publicans made almost a clean sweep
by majorities of from 1,000 to 6,000,
the highest office to which a Demo-
crat was elected being the seat in the
executive council from the Manches-
ter district.

The printing of brief sketches of
the men who will make up New
Hampshire officialdom in 1919 and
1920 is. begun herewith and will con-
tinue in subsequent issues.

Governor-elect John Henry Bart-
lett was born in Sunapee, March 15,
1869, the son of John Z. and Sophronia
(Sargent) Bartlett. He attended the
public schools, Colby Academy, in
the neighboring town of New London,
and Dartmouth College, where he
was a prominent member of what has
since become known as the famous
class of 1894. After graduation,
while studying law, he supported
himself by teaching and was principal
of grammar and high schools in
Portsmouth for four years. Ad-
mitted to the bar in 1898, and be-
coming a partner of Judge Calvin
Page, he has attained a high degree
of success in that profession. He was
postmaster of Portsmouth for two
terms under Presidents McKinley
and Roosevelt. Always an ardent
Republican he served as chairman of
the party city committee at Ports-
mouth and as a member of the state
committee. He was chairman of
the state convention of 1916 and a
member of the House of Representa-
tives of 1917, serving on the committee
on the judiciary. He was the author
of some of the most important pieces
of legislation of the session and made
some of its most notable speeches.
From the entrance of this country
into the world war he devoted almost
his whole time to patriotic service in
whatever capacity he was most needed.
He was nominated for governor in the
Republican primary without opposi-
tion and the majority by which he
was elected in November was the
largest of that of any candidate
on the ticket. Colonel Bartlett

gained his military title by service
on the staff of Governor John
McLane. He is a Mason, Knight
Templar, Knight of Pythias, Patron
of Husbandry, member of the Ports-
mouth Athletic Club, the Warwick
Club, the Theta Delta Chi col-
lege fraternity and the Casque and
Gauntlet senior society at Dart-
mouth. He is a trustee of Colby
Academy and of the Portsmouth
Trust and Guarantee Company.
Colonel Bartlett married Agnes,
daughter of Judge Calvin Page, and
they have one son, Calvin Page
Bartlett, a student at Phillips Acad-
emy, Andover, Mass. Mrs. Bartlett
is Portsmouth's war historian and an
accomplished genealogist. Governor
Bartlett was reared a Methodist, but
since his marriage has attended the
Unitarian Church. The large meas-
ure of professional, political and per-
sonal success which he has achieved
has been the result of hard work,
diligent and thorough study, a keen
brain and an eloquent tongue. All
■these qualifications will contribute
to his equipment for the governorship
and make it possible for him to shed
new luster upon the family name he
beai's, one of the most distinguished
in New Hampshire history.

United States Senator Henry F.
Hollis was elected by the Legislature
of 1913, just before the adoption of
the constitutional amendment for the
election of senators by the people,
for the term ending March 4, 1919.
He is, and has been for some months,
in Europe on a diplomatic mission,
and, for personal reasons, was not a
candidate for reelection.

Senator Hollis was born in Concord,
August 30, 1869. He received his
preliminary education at the Concord
high school and with a private tutor
at Concord, Mass. He graduated,
magna cum laude and Phi Beta
Kappa, from Harvard University in
the class of 1892, with the degree of
A.B., and was admitted to the New
Hampshire bar in'the following March.

Official Neiv Hampshire, 1919-1920

Since that time he has practised law
in Concord, with especial success in
the trial of large personal injury cases
in the state and federal courts.

Up to the time of his election as
Senator, Mr. Holhs had held but one
elective ofhce, that of member of the
Concord school board; but he had
been the candidate of the Democratic
party for Congress and for governor

regarded by his colleagues as of such
value that he was made chairman of
the sub-committee on rural credits
and became the father of the im-
portant legislation on that subject.

The Free Tolls Bill, the Federal
Trade Commission Bill, the Ship-
ping Bill and various war measures
on President Wilson's program have
been the subject of important speeches

United States Senator Henry F. HoUis

and was its recognized state leader
after 1900.

Immediately following his arrival
in Washington, Senator Hollis took a
prominent part in the consideration
of the new tariff bill and made a
speech concerning the textile in-
dustry in New Hampshire which at-
tracted wide attention. The Federal
Reserve Banking Act next received his
attention and his work upon it was

by Senator Hollis in the upper house
of the national legislature and he also
has made addresses in various parts
of the country which have attracted
wide attention. In October, 1914,
he was appointed a regent of the
Smithsonian Institution.

Following the passage of his Farm
Loan Act, the New Republic said in
May, 1916, "Senator Hollis has es-
tablished a place for himself on the

The Granite Monthly

roll, none too long, of constructive
American legislators through his work
in preparing and securing the passage
in the Senate of the Rural Credits
Bill that bears his name."

Governor Henry W. Keyes, elected
to succeed Senator Hollis, was born
in Newbury, Vt., May 23, 1863. He
was educated in the Boston public
schools, at Milton Academy and at
Harvard College, receiving the degree

the farm with Holstein-Friesian cattle,
personally selected by him in Europe,
and has made it a model estabUsh-
ment of up-to-date agriculture and
stock-breeding.

Public affairs, however, have en-
grossed much of his time. From 1894
to 1918 he was continuously select-
man of his town. He represented it
in the Legislatures of 1891, 1893 and
1915 and was a member of the state
Senate in 1903. From that year

United States Senator Henry W. Keyes

of Bachelor of Arts from that insti-
tution in 1887. While of creditable
scholastic standing, Mr. Keyes was
especially prominent in the athletic
and social life of the university, being
captain and afterwards coach of the
'varsity crew and first marshal of his
class for Commencement Week.

After graduation Mr. Keyes elected
to follow the life of a farmer upon the
broad and fertile acres of the estate
which his father had founded at
North Haverhill upon the banks of
the Connecticut river. He stocked

until 1913 he was a member of the
State License Commission and in 1915
and 1916 was its chairman. He also has
served as a trustee of the State College
at Durham and has received from that
institution the honorary degree of
LL.D., while Dartmouth has made
him a Master of Arts.

Important business positions held
by Governor Keyes include those of
director of the New England Tele-
phone Company, president of the
Sullivan County Railroad, president
of the Passumpsic and Connecticut

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

Rivers Railroad, president of the
Woods\'ille National Bank, \dce-
president of the Nashua River Paper
Company, director of the United Life
and Accident Insurance Company,
etc.

Governor Keyes is a Mason and
Patron of Husbandry and by re-
ligious affiliation an Episcopalian.
He married at Newl:)urv, \'t., June

attention at his hands and he es-
tablished a new record in the way
of frictionless relations between the
chief executive and his council and
with the General (.ourt.

Hig-

United States Senator George
gins Moses was born at Lubec, Me.,
February 9, 1869. His father, the
late Rev. T. G. Moses, soon removing

United States Senator George H. Moses

8, 1904, Frances Parkinson Wheeler,
and they have three fine sons, Henry
W., Jr., John P. and Francis.

As a "war governor" Senator-elect
Keyes was most successful, and the
authorities at Washington have been
prompt and cordial in acknowledging
the thorough cooperation of the state
of New Hampshire in all war measures.
The affairs of state not connected
with the war also received careful

to Franklin, this state, the son was
educated in the high school there, at
Phillips Exeter Academy and at
Dartmouth College, class of 1890.
Immediately upon graduation, Mr.
Moses joined the editorial staff of the
Concord Evening Monitor, beginning a
connection which continued almost
twenty-eight years and which in-
cluded all grades of editorial service
and responsibility, and, since 1898,

20 The Granite Monthly

a half ownership in the property, convention which made the nomina-

In the earUer years of his journaUstic tion for the unfinished term. This

work, Mr. Moses was a frequent con- was a successful piece of political

tributor to the Granite Monthly, as strategy characteristic of Mr. Moses's

well as to other magazines, and his keenness in sizing up a situation,
historical sketches of New Hamp- Senator Moses is a member of the

shire towns are among the best Patrons of Husbandry and of clubs

features of certain volumes of this in various cities. He attends the

periodical. Congregationalist Church. On Oc-

The natural inclination of Senator tober 3, 1893, he married Miss Flor-

Moses for participation in politics ence A. Gordon of Franklin and they

showed itself early in his life and be- have one son, Gordon, a midshipman

fore he had attained his majority he in the United States Naval Academy.

was secretary to Governor David H. — —

Goodell during the legislative session Edward Hills Wason of Nashua,

of 1889. Ancl in 1890, as secretary elected for his third term in the na-

of Chairman Frank C. Churchill of tional House of Representatives, was

the Republican state committee, he born in New Boston, September 2,

began a connection with that body 1865, the son of the late George A.

which in continuous, intimate, val- and Clara Louise (Hills) Wason.

uable service is approached by but He was educated in the town schools

one other man in the New Hampshire, of New Boston, at Francestown

From 1893 to 1907 Senator Moses Academy and at the New Hampshire

was secretary of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Me-

state forestry commission. In 1905, chanic Arts, from which he graduated

during the Russo-Japanese peace ne- in 1886 and of which he has been an

gotiations at Portsmouth he acted as alumni trustee since July, 1906.
secretary to Governor John McLane He studied law with George B.

of New Hampshire. In 1908 he was French at the Boston University Law

delegate-at-large to the Republican School, from which he graduated in

national convention at Chicago; and 1890, being admitted to the New

in 1909 the nominee of that conven- Hampshire bar in the same year. He

tion. President William H. Taft, ap- has practised his profession since that

pointed Mr. Moses envoy extraordi- time with marked success in the city

nary and minister plenipotentiary of of Nashua and at the same time has

the United States to the kingdoms of owned and managed one of the best

Greece and Montenegro. farms in the state, situated in a

Returning from that mission in suburb of the city. He has been
November, 1912, Mr. Moses engaged president of the Nashua and Green-
in building up the commercial rela- field fairs and in very many ways has
tions between this country and shown his interest in agriculture, an
Greece, while acting as the fiscal agent interest which has received apprecia-
of the latter country in the United tive notice in his appointment at
States. He also became the active Washington as a member of the very
head of the National Republican important House Committee on Ag-
Publicity Association, with head- riculture.

quarters at Washington, and was en- From his youth Congressman
gaged in that work at the time he Wason has been intensely interested
became a candidate for the Senate, in public affairs and thoroughly con-
Originally a candidate in the primary vinced of the necessity for the success
for the succession to Senator Hollis, of the Republican party principles in
Mr. Moses withdrew from that race order that the prosperity of the na-
after the death of Senator Gallinger tion shall continue. He was sergeant-
and transferred his campaign to the at-arms of the New Hampshire State

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

Senate in 1887 and 1889, assistant
clerk in 1891 and 1898 and clerk in
1895. In 1891 he was cliosen a mem-
ber of the Nashua board of education
and became its president in 1895.
He served as city solicitor of Nashua,
county solicitor of Hillsborough

second degree Mason, Knight of
Pythias, Patron of Husbandry and
Elk; president of the Nashua In-
stitution for Savings and the Nashua
Coal and Coke Company and a
member of the Nashua Country
Club. He is unmarried.

Congressman Edward H. Wason

County and two years as president
of the Nashua city council.

A member of the House of Repre-
sentative of New Hampshire in 1899,
1909 and 1913 and a delegate to the
constitutional conventions of 1902
and 1912, Air. Wason so thoroughly
impressed the people of the state
with his fitness for valuable service
as a legislator that his promotion to
the national arena at Washington
was fore-ordained.

Congressman Wason is a thirty-

Sherman E. Burroughs of Man-
chester, reelected to Congress from
the First New Hampshire District,
was born in Dunbarton, February 6,
1870, the son of John H. and Helen
M. (Baker) Burroughs. He fat-
tended the town schools of Dunbarton
and Bow and prepared at the Concord
high school for Dartmouth College,
from which institution he graduated
with high honors and the degree of
Bachelor of Arts in 1894. While at
college he was especially distinguished

The Granite Monthly

as a speaker, but was prominent in
various activities.

After graduation he went to Wash-
ington as secretary to his uncle, the
late Congressman Henry M. Baker, at
the same time studying law and re-
ceiving the degrees of Bachelor of
Laws and Master of Laws from Co-
lumbian University. Admitted to
the New Hampshire bar in 1897, he
has practised his profession since that
year in the city of Manchester most
of the time as a member of the lead-

Congressman Sherman E. Burroughs

ing firm headed by Hon. David A.
Taggart.

Li 1901 he was a member of the
Legislature from his old home town of
Bow and served with distinction on
the judiciary committee, also taking
a prominent part in the debates of
the session; but with this exception
he found no time for political service
until his election to the national
House in 1917 to fill out the unex-
pired term of the late Congressman
Cyrus A. Sulloway. In the brief
period of his official residence at
Washington he already has established
himself firmly in the estimation of his
colleagues as a valuable member;

an opinion shared by the voters of
his district, as shown by his reelection
in November.

No man in the state has shown a
greater degree of interest in its pro-
gress along all worthy lines than has
Congressman Burroughs and few
have given to such causes an equal
amount of time and energy. He was
a member of the state board of chari-
ties and corrections from 1901 to 1917
and its chairman after 1911 and is
now the president of the New Hamp-
shire Children's Aid and Protective
Society. He is an Episcopalian and
a trustee of the diocesan Orphans'
Home; a thirty-second degree Mason
and a member of various clubs. He
married, April 21, 1898, Helen S.
Phillips, and they have four sons,
Robert P., John H., Sherman E.,
Jr., and Henry B., the oldest of whom
is now following in his father's foot-
steps at Dartmouth.

Stephen W. Clow of Wolfeboro,
elected to the executive council from
the First District, comprising the
counties of Carroll, Coos and Grafton,
was born in Wolfeboro, April 2, 1866,
and was educated in the district
schools and at Wolfeboro and Tufton-
boro Academy, a famous school half a
century ago. He always has resided
in Wolfeboro and is recognized as one
of the town's best and most sub-
stantial citizens. He has served the
town more years as selectman than
has any other man in its history and
now holds that office. He was a
member of the House of Representa-
tives in 1893, serving on the com-
mittees on Military Affairs and In-
dustrial School, and was a delegate
to the Constitutional Convention of
1902. For six years he has been a
commissioner of Carroll County.
Councilor Clow always has been a
Republican and a firm believer in the
party principles.

Mr. Clow is extensively engaged in
farming and lumbering and owns and
operates the box and sawmill at Wolfe-
boro, doing a general mill business.

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

In addition he handles outside opera-
tions to the extent of from three mil-
lion to five million feet of lumber a
year, and is the largest single em-

Councilor Stephen W. Clow

plover of labor in Wolfeboro, as well
as the largest owner of real estate and
heaviest taxpayer in the town. Al-
ways taking a deep and active inter-
est in the welfare of Wolfeboro he has
had a prominent part in the devel-
opment of its summer business and
takes just pride in its success.

Councilor Clow is a member of
Morning Star Lodge, No. 17, of the
Masonic order, and of the Eastern
Star. He attends the Advent Church,
He and his wife have two daughters
and a son. Captain Fred E. Clow of
the Medical Reserve Corps, a lead-
ing medical practitioner of Carroll
County, who was a member of the
local draft board under the selective
service act prior to his enlistment.

son of Honorable Aaron and Ariannah
Barstow Whittemore, being the great-
grandson of a Revolutionary soldier
and the great-great-grandson of
Pembroke's first minister, Rev. Aaron
Whittemore, who was ordained in
1737. On his mother's side he is
descended from Elder William Brews-
ter of Plymouth. Councilor Whitte-
more was educated at Pembroke
Academy and the Harvard Law
School and was admitted to the bar
in 1879, having practiced his pro-
fession with consistent and marked
success since that date.

A director and a trustee of the
Strafford National and Strafford Sav-
ings banks, of Dover, he rendered
distinguished service as receiver of the
Dover National Bank in 1895 and also

Arthur Oilman Whittemore, coun-
cilor from the second district, was
born in Pembroke, July 26, 1856, the

Councilor Arthur G. Whittemore

assisted in reorganizing the Somers-
worth National Bank. He was water
commissioner of Dover from 1887 un-
til his election as mayor in 1900.
He served three terms in that office
and while mayor was also elected
representative to the Legislature of
1903, serving on the committee on the

The Granite Monthly

judiciary, which was made also the
committee on Uquor hiws. From
1903 until 1911 Mr. Whittemore was
a member of the state railroad com-
mission.

He married June 21, 1887, Caro-
line B. Rundlett of Dover, and they
have two children, Lieutenant Manvel
Whittemore, U. S. A., a Dartmouth
graduate, and Caroline, a member of
the senior class at Radcliffe College.
Mr. Whittemore is an Episcopalian
and a member of the Masonic fra-
ternity and of the Bellamy Club,
Dover, and the Derryfield Club,
Manchester. He has been president
of the New Hampshire Genealogical
Society and governor of the Society
of Colonial Wars in the state of New
Hampshire.

Councilor John G. Welpley

In the council of Governor John
H. Bartlett, as was the case with the
council of Governor Henry W. Keyes,
there is one Democrat, furnished by
the city of Manchester. Mayor
Moise Verrette, who represented the
third councilor district in 1917 and
1918, is succeeded by John G. Welp-

ley, who will occupy the chair for the
years 1919 and 1920. Mr. Welpley
was born in Manchester, March 1,
1868, and educated in the public
schools of that city. For more than
twenty-five years he was in business
as a barber on Granite Square. He is
interested in real estate and is a
notary and justice of the peace; his
ability as a linguist adding to his
business qualifications.

Councilor Welpley has been prom-
inent in trades union matters for
many years and was the first state
organizer of the J. B. I. U. of A.
He is especially well known as an
entertainer, both as a vocal soloist
and as a reader, and as a member of
the Imperial Male Quartette, a lead-
ing vaudeville, minstrel and concert
attraction. Mr. Welpley was a mem-
ber of the once famous Bradley
Lyceum of Manchester; was secre-
tary and member of the board of di-
rectors of the West Side Reading
Room for seven years; and secretary
of the West Manchester Taxpayers'
Association.

The councilor has been a delegate
to many labor and political conven-
tions and is a member of the Consti-
tutional Convention of 1918. He is
a member of the executive committee
of the Ward 11, Manchester, Demo-
cratic Club, but has not been an ac-
tive aspirant for political office for
himself. Fifty prominent men of
his party in the third district peti-
tioned for his nomination for coun-
cilor, he was unopposed at the primary,
and defeated that well-known Man-
chester attorney City Solicitor Charles
D. Barnard at the November election.

Councilor Welpley is married and
the father of two children. He is a
member of the Patrons of Husbandry.

General John Henry Brown of
Concord, councilor for the fifth dis-
trict, was born in Bridgewater, May
20, 1850, the seventeenth and young-
est child of Deacon James Brown, and
was educated in the town schools
and at New Hampton Institution.

Official Neic Hampshire, 1919-1920

He moved to Bristol witli his parents
ill 1867 aiul in 1872 married Alarietta
S., daughter of Joseph and Sally
(Cram) Lougee. He was in trade in
Bristol for a number of rears and

Councilor John H. Brown

later was engaged in the lumber busi-
ness and as a land surveyor. In
1881-82 he was a railway mail clerk
and from 1882 to 1885, post-master
at Bristol, where he was selectman
for eight years, deputy sheriff, four
years, and representative to the
Legislature of 1891.

He was freight and claim agent
for the Boston, Concord & Montreal
and Boston & Maine railroads for
many years, during which he removed
to Concord, of which city he was post-
master from 1905 to 1917. He was
commissary general on the staff of
Governor Charles A. Busiel, 1895-96;
delegate to the Republican national
convention of 1896 and an "original
McKinley man"; presidential elector
in 1900; and delegate to the Consti-
tutional Convention of 1918.

At a special election to fill the
vaeancv in the council of Governor

Henry W. Keyes, caused by the
death of Hon. Edward H. Carroll,
General Brown 'was elected without
opposition; and at the regular elec-
tion in November he was chosen to
serve in Governor Bartlett's council
by a majority of 2,129.

Councilor Brown is a thirty-second
degree Mason and Shriner and a
member of the Wonolancet Club,
Concord. He is an extensive owner
of real estate in Ward Six, Concord,
where he and Mrs. Brown have a
handsome home on South Spring
Street. A successful business man and
competent public official, General
Brown also has, and well deserves, the
reputation of being one of the most
sagacious political leaders in the state.

Councilor Windsor H. Goodnow

Honorable Windsor H. Goodnow of
Keene, councilor from the fourth dis-
trict, is one of the leading merchants
and business men of south-western
New Hampshire. Born in Lyme,
December 11, 1863, he spent his boy-
hood in East Jaffrey, where he at-
tended the public schools, afterwards
beginning his business career in the

The Granite Monthly

general store in which his brother,
Hon. Walter L. Goodnow, was a
partner. On attaining his majority
he became a partner in the W. L.
Goodnow Company, now Goodnow
Brothers Company, which controls a
chain of fourteen department stores
in New Hampshire, Vermont, Massa-
chusetts and Rhode Island, employ-
ing in the aggregate six hundred
people.

For twenty-five years Mr. Goodnow
has been a respected and influential
resident of the city of Keene, which
he served two years in the city coun-
cil, one year as its president. In
1903 he was a member of the state
House of Representatives and in 1911
of the state Senate.

Councilor Goodnow is deeply in-

terested in agricultural pursuits and
is a member of the e.xecutive commit-
tee of the Cheshire County Farm
Bureau. He is a director of the Ash-
uelot National Bank, of the Keene
Development Company and of the
Keene Commercial Club and is a
trustee of the Keene Savings Bank,
and of the Keene Academy Fund.

Mr. Goodnow is affiliated with
the Masonic Order through Charity
Lodge of East Jaffrey, the chapter
and commandery in Keene and Bek-
tash temple of the Mystic Shrine at
Concord. He is also a member of
the Elks, Odd Fellows and Red Men
and of the Went worth Club. His re-
ligious connection is with the First
Baptist Church of Keene of which
he is a trustee.

THE MESSAGE OF THE LAUREL

By E. R. Sheldrick

More hardy than the holly,

Or the climbing mistletoe,
Our dark green laurel glistens

Above the Christmas snow.

When springtime wakes the flowers

And roses come in June
Then is the sturdy laurel

All sweet with rosy bloom.

Wilton, N. H.

And now though snow shrouds cover
The earth, all dead and sere.

Like the promise of the laurel
Comes the dawning of the year.

EDITORIAL

Fifty volumes of the Granite
Monthly fill the bookshelves before
us in honorable and impressive array,
as we write. Sets similarly complete
are amonjz; the prized possessions of
the best hbraries, public and private,
in our state. Those who have con-
sulted them most often are best aware
of the treasures of historical and bio-
graphical information and the large
amount of good literature to be found
within their covers. So far as our
information goes, no other state in the
Union has a state magazine with an
equal record of continuous publication
and steady devotion to a single pur-
pose.

That the Granite Monthly has
been able to make such a record has
been due in very large measure to the
historical learning, the journahstic
ability, the unselfish devotion and the
unshaken patience and perseverance
of one man, Mr. Henry H. Metcalf.
He founded the magazine and during
most of its life has been both its editor
and publisher. The monetary return
from his labors has not been large, but
he has the satisfaction of knowing
that no other man of his time has done
work of equal value in ascertaining,
recording and preserving for posterity'
the accurate annals of New Hamp-
shire. To say nothing of the several
admirable books of history and bi-
ography, which bear his name as
author, editor or compiler, and upon
the most ambitious of which he now
is engaged, the fifty volumes of the
Granite Monthly form a life work
monument of which any man well
might be proud.

The new editor and publisher of the
Granite Monthly realizes that he
cannot hope to continue Mr. Met-
calf's work upon the same Unes with

similar success. But he has lived in
New Hampshire all his life; his active
newspaper work for twentj'-five years
has been a daily, practical study of
the people and the places, the re-
sources and the problems, of New
Hampshire; he loves the Granite
State, reveres her past, believes in her
future; and proposes to give his ut-
most efforts to making the Granite
Monthly an instrument of some util-
ity for the welfare of our common-
wealth.

To preserve the past, to picture the

present, to plan for the future, of New

Hampshire, will be the mission and

the motto of the Granite Monthly

^ under its present direction.

If it is to be able to do this, it must
have as much support, at least, from
the people of New Hampshire and the
friends of the Granite State, as it has
had in the past. This means an in-
creased subscription price; because in
no business has the purchasing power
of a dollar decreased in greater pro-
portion than in magazine publication.
No one cares to listen to a demonstra-
tion of this problem. Everyone has
troubles of his own on the same line.
But the fact remains that two dollars
a year for the Granite Monthly does
not mean as much to the publisher
today as one dollar did when the
magazine was founded.

So we feel compelled to increase the
price of the Monthly to twenty cents
a copy and two dollars a year; but
at the same time we make this offer
in good faith : To any paid in advance
subscriber who at the end of the year
feels that he has not received his
money's worth, we will refund, cheer-
fully and without argument, his two
dollars.

A BOOK OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

One of the best of the "war books,"
and one the interest, timeUness and
value of which have not been de-
creased b}^ the ending of hostilities, is
"The Fighting Fleets," written by
Ralph D. Paine, representative in the
New Hampshire Legislature of 1919

Ralph D. Paine

from the town of Durham. Mr.
Paine has been a war correspondent
for twenty years, beginning in Cuba
in 1898, a boy four years out of col-
lege, and afterwards watching the
Boxers in China, the Russians and
the Japs, the Greeks and the Turks,
the Slavs and the Teutons. Also, he
was a sailor years before he was a
writer, and he has been in everything
afloat from a Yale 'varsity boat to a
blockade runner. No wonder he was
indignant when a destroyer com-
mander condoled with him about how

seasick he would be if he took a cruise
in that flotilla!

However, he took that cruise and
many others with our American sea
fighters across the Atlantic. He went
with full credentials from the Navy
Department and the Committee on
Public Information; he saw all there
was to see, he heard all there was to
hear; and with admirable discretion,
but tremendous interest, he has told
the story, a story that will thrill every
true American with pride for our
Navy, ships and men. It did not
take long, after we once got into the
war, for the information to spread
that our Navy was doing itself proud.
We believed it, we were glad of it, but
as to the details of it we were more
than a bit hazy. Mr. Paine in his
book supplies some of these details,
many of them, and for every one of
them we are glad.

With him we can sail the sea hunt-
ing for the enemy and protecting the
bridge of ships; we can go down in sub-
marines, we can go up in sea planes,
and, now and then, we can touch land
again, in Ireland, on the English
North Sea coast, in Brittany, at Dun-
kirk; and everywhere we find quiet
bravery, heroic devotion to duty, .
mingled with unquenched humor and
that American spirit, which, according
to Kipling, fears not to shake the iron
hand of Fate. There is grim tragedy
in some of Mr. Paine's pages; in others
there is fresh emphasis upon the hell-
ishness of the Huns; but the dominant
note of the book is the willingness, the
readiness and the ability of the Ameri-
can Navy to do the great work which
it had to do in the world war. Just as
Mr. Paine himself was able, willing
and ready, to fill the great war report-
ing assignment of which this book is
the result.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

MRS. SOPHIA D. HALL
Mrs. Sophia Dodge Hall, wife of Colonel
Daniel Hall of Dover, died at their home in
that city on Sunday afternoon, Deeeiuber 1,
after a long and painful illness, borne with
great resignation. Her activity in good
works and for the public welfare was known
and appreciated throughout the state anil she
is widely and sincerely mourned. Mrs. Hall

Mrs. Hall's name headed the list of charter
members of Sawyer Woman's Relief Corps,
when it was organized at Dover in 188(5, and
she was its first president. In 1892-93 she
was president of the New Hampshire Depart-
ment, W. R. C. In 1892 she was appointed
by the governor of the state to represent New
Hampshire upon the Board of Lady Managers
of the Columbian Exposition at Chicago and

The Late Mrs. Sophia D. Hall

was born in Rochester, August 16, 1842, the
daughter of Jonathan T. and Sarah (Hanson)
Dodge, and was a graduate of Abbott Acad-
emy for young women at Andover, Mass.
An excellent singer, she often was heard as
a soloist at patriotic meetings in Straflford
county in the daj's of the Civil War.

Her wedding to Colonel Hall took place
January 25, 1877, and their more than forty
years of happiness together were passed in the
beautiful home which Colonel Hall had built
for his bride on Summer street in Dover.
Their one son is Arthur W. Hall, attorney-at-
law, of Dover.

her work there was unexcelled in success by
that of any of her fellow members in that
famous board.

Among her many good works was the col-
lection of $5,000 for furnishing the New-
Hampshire Soldiers' Home at Tilton, in w^hich
she was much interested. She was chairman
of the board of managers of the Wentworth
Home for the Aged at Dover from its organi-
zation to her death. One of the founders of
the Dover Woman's Club, she was for four
years its president. The Northam Colonists
and Margery Sullivan Chapter of the Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution were organi-

The Granite Monthly

zations which enhsted her active support, be-
cause of her intelUgent interest in history and
her appreciation of the importance of its
preservation and study. Of marked abihty
and efficient zeal in all the varied activities
which she undertook, Mrs. Hall's chief charm
was found, nevertheless, as one has written
who knew her well, "in her warm and benevo-
lent heart and her friendship and charity for
all."

She had great executive ability and lent all
the energies of her nature to whatever she
undertook. "Service" was the keynote of
her life, and she could truly say :

"I live for those who love me.
And those who know me true.
For the Heaven that smiles above me
And awaits my spirit, too;
For the cause that lacks assistance.
For the wrong that needs resistance,
For the Future in the distance,
And the good that I can do."

She loved her home and was a model house-
keeper, her house always a synonym of neat-
ness and order; and she was proud of the fact
that no one ever went away from her door
hungry. Altruism was the strength and ac-
cent of her character. "She stretches out her
hand to the poor; yea, she stretches forth her
hands to the needy."

CAPTAIN WILKIE I. ELLIOTT

Captain Wilkie I. Elliott of Nashua died
of cancer in an army hospital in France,
November 14. He was born in Nashville,
Tenn., January 22, 1868, but came to Nashua
as a child with his parents. Enlisting for the
Spanish American War in 1898, he remained
in the Army for seven years. Returning to
Nashua, he identified himself with Company
I of the New Hampshire National Guard and
soon became its captain. He led the com-
pany in Mexican border service during the
trouble there and at the beginning of the
recent war was made a recruiting officer, in
July, 1917. He sailed for France, March 25,
1918, and on arrival there was detailed to the
military postal service for which his civil life
experience particularly fitted him.

JOSEPH LEWANDO

Former State Senator Joseph Lewando,
who, in the days of his activity, was one of the
best known men in the state, died at his home
in Wolfeboro, November 19, after a long ill-
ness. He was born in Boston, Mass., Decem-
ber 3, 1850, and at the age of twenty assumed
the management of his father's dye house in
that city. Removing to Mount Tabor,
Oregon, he resided there for eight years, filling
many important positions, and then came to
Wolfeboro, his home since 1882. He was

vice-president and director of the Wolfeboro
National Bank and for many years a general
merchant on a large sqale. He was many
years town treasurer, served in the House of
Representatives in 1897, where he was chair-
man of the committee on banks, and in the
state Senate of 1903; and was an alternate
delegate to the Republican National Conven-
tion of 1902. He was captain of the local
military company in 1883 ; and was prominent
in Masonry and Odd Fellowship. A widow
and two children survive him.

EUGENE B. WORTHEN

Eugene B. Worthen, one of the oldest and
best known of the Amoskeag Manufacturing
Company overseers, died at his home in Man-
chester recently. He was born in New Lon-
don in 1846, but went to Manchester upon
attaining his majority and had been employed
there ever since with the exception of a few
months, having been an Amoskeag overseer
since 1873. He had served in the city council
and was a member of the Legislature of 1909.
One of the oldest and most prominent Odd
Fellows in the state, he had served as grand
patriarch of the grand encampment and as
representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge.

DR. C. W. CLEMENT

Dr. Chauncey W. Clement, bom in Dun-
ham, Que., in 1841, died, December 9, in
Manchester, where he had resided since 1864,
following graduation from the Boston Dental
College. One of the oldest and best known
dentists in the state, he was a man of many
other varied interests, a lover of the drama, a
skilled hunter and angler, and active in fra-
ternal orders, being a charter member of
Manchester Lodge of Elks and belonging also
to the Odd Fellows, Rebekahs, Grange,
Amoskeag Veterans, Derryfield Club, etc.
He was an extensive owner of real estate at
York Beach, Me., and in Cuba, where he had
a plantation on which he spent many winters.

LESTER C. DOLE

Lester Carrington Dole, one of the best
known athletic instructors in America, died,
December 10, at his home at St. Paul's School
in Concord. He was born in Meriden, Conn.,
July 8, 1855, and came to St. Paul's forty
years ago, upon the erection of the gymnasium
there, as the school's first director of athletics.
There he had remained ever since, developing
athletes who afterwards attained interna-
tional fame, especially as oarsmen and hockey
players. All of the thousands of "old boys"
of the school knew him and loved him. He is
survived by a widow and two sons, Paul L.
Dole of Windsor, Conn., and Lieutenant
Richard C. Dole, who is at Nice, France, with
the 304th Field Artillery, A. E. F.

SENATE CHAMBER, NEW HAMPSHIRE CAPITOL, CONCORD

The Granite Monthly

Vol. LI

FEBRUARY, 1919

No. 2

GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP: A SYMPOSIUM

By Allen Hollis

Government ownership or per-
manent operation of railroads as
opposed to private ownership and
operation, more or less under public
control, apparently presents only
questions of expediency. Which
method of supplying the people with
this indispensable service promises to
produce the most satisfactory results?

Among the arguments in favor of
public ownership are:

1. The government can obtain
abundant funds at a low interest rate.

2. It can handle all the railroad
facilities as a unit with such sub-
di\asions as may be logical.

3. The manipulation of railroad
securities will cease.

4. The government motive will be
to supply good service rather than to
make profits.

5. Private enterprise can accom-
plish nothing which the government
can not do as well or better.

Theoretically, all these reasons are
sound. In practice none but the
first has been realized, and this ad-
vantage is said to be offset by the
larger cost of doing construction work
under government methods.

After all, the discussion narrows
down to the question of efficiency.
Good ser\dce is the most important
factor in the problem. While effi-
cient management has not character-
ized all railroad operation in this
country, the great weight of opinion
among intelligent and unprejudiced
people is that government operations
are rarelv either economical or efficient.

Men in government service as a rule
do not display the same interest,
industry and initiative which have
made American business a success.
Politics, red tape, human nature are
to blame. Unless this difficulty can
be overcome, government ownership
will not satisfy anyone except timid
investors who would like to get gov-
ernment securities in place of their
depreciated railroad stocks and bonds.

Government ownership, like other
ideals of what we call socialism, will
succeed when the individual has
reached such a high stage of moral
development that he will work as
hard for the general good as he will
for the security of himself and his
family. Most people in this country
do not think that time has j^'et
arrived.

It is quite possible that government
ownership, though undesirable, may
be the only solution for the railroad,
problems which now exist. If priv-
ate enterprise does not find the job
attractive, the government will be
obliged to do it; and this will depend
on whether Congress can and will
devise amendments to existing laws
which will permit private capital to
have an assurance of reasonable
returns, give to private management a
fair measure of elasticity, and allow
such rearrangement of railway sys-
tems and terminals as to enable
existing facilities to be used to best
advantage. These amendments, how-
ever, must at the same time safeguard
the public from the kind of abuses
which uncontrolled monopoly knows
how to impose.

The Granite Monthly

As the railroads are now in the care
of the government, which alone has
the financial strength and legal au-
thority needed to keep them in opera-
tion under the present stress in fin-
ance, labor, business and politics, it
would appear to be the part of wis-
dom not to return them to private
hands until they have been strength-
ened to receive them by these neces-
sary amendments. In the meantime
the people are receiving valuable
enlightenment as to the practical
effects of government operation of
railroads which will go far to recon-
cile them to a return to private man-
agement.

Editor's Note. — Mr. Hollis, who is one
of the leading members of the New Hampshire
bar, is largely interested in public utilities
and is recognized as an expert upon their
problems. Forest, water-power and water-
ways development also have held his atten-
tion to the public benefit. He is a director
of the Federal Reserve Bank, Boston. In
politics he is a Republican of what have been
called Progressive tendencies.

II
By Jesse M. Barton

As a distinctly quaUfying state-
ment, it should be said at the outset,
that I know nothing about the fin-
ancing and operation of railroads, and
like the bulk of the traveling public
do not own a share of stock in any
railroad corporation. I am, there-
fore, associating myself with the large
majority who, constantly, or from
time to time, criticise adversely the
manner in which our railroad men
perform their duties. With this ad-
mission, one can not reasonably ex-
pect anything in the line of construct-
ive suggestions, assuming that the
subject would admit remarks of such
a character.

Primarily, railroads were a dis-
tinctly private enterprise undertaken
by men of energy and forethought with
an idea of making money out of the
business of transporting freight and
passengers for cash, a field heretofore
occupied, if not monopolized, by the
stage coach and the six horse wagon.

From a hazardous mode of travel and
a doubtful venture in finance, the
railroad has been adopted by the
people as their common carrier, and
its securities have found lodgment in
the strong boxes of the most conserva-
tive investors.

A few years ago William Jennings
Bryan, having just returned from
Germany where he had made a study
of railroads, declared himself in favor
of government ownership of railroads
and tried to commit his party to this
program. His effort was received
with general disapprobation bj^ men
of affairs throughout the nation, while
those who had clung to their idol
through his fi'ee silver experience,
seeing a lot of good in him and hoping
he would eventually develop a sound
business judgment, surrendered un-
conditionally. The Republican party
waxed strong on this new evidence
that the Democratic leader was an
unsafe guide, if not of unsound mind.
The Socialists alone hugged each
other with delight as they saw in the
glow of Bryan's oratory the flare of
the great lights of their millennium.

Then followed the era of trust
busting and investigation when the
railroad came in with the rest of "big
business" for its share of public
scandal. This short era was clearly
as destructive of public enterprise as
the twenty-five years next previous
had been constructive and the dam-
age it wrought in tearing down struc-
tures of monumental achievement in
all great fields of endeavor, reared by
men whom we had proudly styled
"Captains of Industry," was so tre-
mendous as to be impossible of cal-
culation, while it effectually strangled
every ambition to reach out and do
things on a big scale either in old or
undeveloped fields.

Next we drifted, watched and
waited till the nation was drawn into
the vortex of the great European War.
In this crisis, as a purely war meas-
ure, so we were told, the government
took over the railroads for the dura-
tion of the war. Since Brvan's fam-

Government Ownership: A Symposium 35

ous "break" on the public ownership home. If this is true in the post office

of railroads, the socialistic spirit has department, what ghost of a show has

taken hold of the minds of enough the railroad department to break

professors and politicians to enable even? Millions of employees, rang-

them to make quite a stir in favor of ing from the manager to the track

such a course, and they realize that walker, will have to be watched and

now is the most opportune time, while paid, repairs, new equipment and

the government is in possession of the extensions will be needed, and interest

railroads, to press their case. on billions of bonds will have to be

Probabh' half, if not three-quarters, provided for. If a strike should come
of the people do not care whether our just before election, one can see,
railroads are operated by corpora- without a very fertile imagination,
tions or by the government, or by the where the money that had been laid
executor of the will of Julius Caesar, aside for dividends would go. If
They simply want to start and get now we have to sit up nights and work
there, and to have their freight reach Sundays to keep the government from
its destination within a reasonable dredging brooks for water-ways, just
time. Others there are, however, to satisfy some influential representa-
who feel that the question of govern- tive's constituency and give employ-
ment ownership of railroads is deeply ment to uneasy labor, one can easily
involved, extending even to a change see how a little branch railroad into
in our form of government. some back "district" would be a

Summoned on the spur of the mo- small item in the large budget. And

ment to write these lines, and limited so the monej^ would go, and the dear

in the space I may occupy, I can but people would pay the bills.

briefly assign my objections to the Then, too, the railroad manage-

government of the United States ment would be exceedingly liable to

operating the railroads of the land. change materially at every new elec-

If we own the railroads we must tion or change in administration,

buy and pay for them. This means Why not? Postmasters change at

that the people will need to dig down such times, except a few little one

again for billions of money. Bonds horse affairs placed in grocery stores

would of course be issued, and on in the small back towns, where the

these interest would have to be paid occupants may hold by virtue of

probably to the end of time, or until efficiency as tested under the civil

some wiser generation should discover service laws, but these may be

our mistake and coincidently a buyer changed by executive order to suit

who would take the rails at a bargain, the whim of the politicians. My what

and leave the people to retire the a chance when the railroads get into

balance of the bonds by some new politics!

scheme of taxation. Everyone knows Not only would the President re-
that. the government is extravagant, ward his chief lieutenants with the
Money comes eas3^ The only busi- largest jobs, but the senators could
ness which the government has man- look out for the big state jobs, while
aged for any length of time has been the representatives could take care of
the post office and it is common station agents, freight handlers, cross-
knowledge that this department has ing tenders and section men. Con-
met actual expenses only a few years ductors, engineers and trainmen might
since it was organized. Just as soon be open to the field,
as the department comes out ahead If one administration should be in
of the game, some way is de\dsed for power for eight years and handle the
either cutting off revenue or boosting labor question satisfactorily, the peo-
expenses so that it gets back into the pie would have to bid good by to the
deficiency class where it reallv feels at traditional two term limit for our

The Granite Monthly

chief executive, and look to Mexico
to see how long a President may con-
tinue his term in office.

Editor's Note. — Judge Jesse M. Barton
of Newport, president of the New Hampshire
State Senate of 1917 and recently acting
Governor, during the illness of the Chief
Executive of the state, is remembered in
railroad circles as one of those who sought to
bring about railroad competition in New
England through construction of branches of
the Grand Trunk railroads to terminals on
our sea coast. He was chairman of the Re-
publican State Committee in 1912.

Ill

By Calvin Page

If there are any reasons why an
intelligent citizen, who has only the
best interests of the country at heart,
should favor government ownership of
the railroads I must confess that I
have never seen these reasons plainly
stated so that the ordinary man or
woman can understand them.

I think I am stating an absolute
fact, which experience has fully dem-
onstrated in this country, when I say
that the government has never been
and never can be able to own and
conduct any public service, with the
same ability and economy as it has
been and is conducted by the private
individual. Politics and favoritism
must necessarily enter into and con-
trol a government ownership of any
business, and instead of having men
thoroughly trained and fitted for the
work, politicians and favorites of the
government authorities hold the posi-
tions and control the business. No
matter how good a man is at the
head of an institution the result of
his management must be a failure
when the duties which those under
him are expected to perform are com-
mitted to politicians and incompe-
tents who are backed by those who
can control the head.

It is also a well-known fact that, in
every branch of the government
service, two men at least are required
to do the work which one man only
does in privately owned business, and

in nearly every case, these two men
have no special fitness for their work.

When the railroads of the United
States are owned by the government,
and any political party in power is
thereby controlling hundreds of thou-
sands of votes with power to fix sal-
aries and wages and tolls at will, there
can be no fair and free elections.

The questions as to the kind of
service a government owned railroad
could furnish to the public in this
country, and the many other serious
problems arising from such a com-
plicated situation manifestly cannot
be discussed in the limited space al-
lotted to me. None of them in my
judgment can be answered in favor
of government ownership.

Editor's Note. — Judge Calvin Page of
Portsmouth, former president of the New
Hampshire Bar Association, president of the
Manchester & Lawrence Railroad, banker,
State Senator, etc., is a leading New Hamp-
shire Democrat.

By Clarence E, Carr
I approach this question which I
have been asked to discuss, with much
diffidence, disclaiming expert knowl-
edge and the deep study necessary for
the best consideration of any ques-
tion, especially the great railroad
problem. I can therefore only state
in the most general way some of the
things "burned into me" on this
vitally important question, convictions
based on half a century of experience
common to common business men,
such knowledge as I have of my coun-
try's life and histoi;y, a love for and
pride in her institutions, and a great
fear that ill-considered action to meet
an emergency, and a desire to shirk
work and responsibility by shifting it
to government shoulders, may im-
pair our national virility and endan-
ger the very institutions we have been
fighting to make safe.

With me, these are the main con-
siderations. Others are important.

Government Ownership: A Symposium

Cost

There is no business conducted by
the government from the mail serv-
ice to ship-building, river and harbor
projects, government printing and all
other governmental business under-
takings, but costs from 883 per cent
to at least 100 per cent more than it
costs private individuals or corpora-
tions to do the same work. Senator
Aldrich was correct in saying that as a
private enterprise he could run the
business of the government and save
$300,000,000 per year, or a third of
the expenses at that time. I have not
heard of a business man who has
studied the problem that challenged
the statement.

This is not an argument that the
government should never engage in
business for there are times, as has
been recently the case, when coor-
dinated and immediate action was
imperative, when the government at
whatever cost is justified in engaging
in many kinds of business; but all our
governmental experience is proof
that it should do as little as possible
from an economic standpoint. There
are certain things that it has to do
under the constitution.

What is true of the "cost" ques-
tion as to business in which the gov-
ernment has thus far engaged in times
of peace, is true to a greater extent of
government ownership of railroads,
the most gigantic single business enter-
prise in the country.

Government ownership will take
away all incentive to economic opera-
tion, to invention and new methods.
It will eliminate the personal equa-
tion, the greatest equation in econo-
mic progress, invention and accom-
plishment the world knows. This all
adds to cost and reduces effectiveness.
Note the present cost of fares and
freights and operating expenses. The
government is doubling these and
reducing service, which is far from be-
ing as efficient as it was before the war.

Why, our government has not even
a budget as a business basis for its
expenditures.

The Person.\l Element
Some man or men have to run the
railroads. "The Government" is a
sort of a general inchoate body clothed
in our minds with cjuasi supernat-
ural garments or power, when as a
matter of fact it is composed of very
human individuals, with very many
and human limitations. Whether run
by individuals or by the government,
we must not forget that it will be an
individual or individuals who form
and direct the policy of government-
owned railroads. We must know that
no man can meet and perform an her-
culean task inside a government
office that ninety men can only do by
herculean labors outside a government
office and that the honor and salary
of a government official will not be
likely to command the ability and
capacity for such heart breaking work
as can be commanded for equal honor
and larger compensation in doing a
similar work outside a government
office.

Shifting responsibility from indi-
viduals outside a government to an in-
dividual inside a government is not a
panacea for our national ills, no, not
even progress toward their cure.

Would Mr. MacAdoo, Mr. Hines
or Mr. Burleson in the cabinet be a
better man to run all the railways in
the country than either of them and
Daniel Willard and James J. Hill out
of the cabinet, devoting their entire
attention to three of them?

Opinion of Railway Men

The judgment of men engaged in
managing any occupation relative to
its conduct is generally better than
that of men who never conducted
such business or had personal experi-
ence in its conduct.

More than ninety per cent of the
great leaders of railroad enterprises
in this country are opposed to gov-
ernment ownership of railroads. They
know their job. They know the
responsibilities of it and the business
acumen necessary for its successful
conduct. They are honest and pa-

The Granite Monthly

triotic men. It is idle talk to say that
prejudice outweighs their honesty and
patriotism. They know the past.
They have the clear vision of the
future demanded of men fit to be
placed at the head of such big business
enterprises. They understand great
enterprises, the economic handling of
such, and the management of men in
them. They know the bane and
blight of public ownership. What
they ask is intelligent cooperation
helping not hampering them in the
discharge of their public functions.
They are willing that such coopera-
tion should be backed by supervisory
authority sufficient to prevent any
railroad from abusing the privileges
incident to such help.

Constitutional Question

The Constitution of the United
States authorizes Congress to regu-
late commerce among the states and
with foreign nations. There is no
provision in the constitution author-
izing congress or the government to
engage in commercial enterprises Ex-
cept as specifically set forth. The
exclusion of powers is understood
where powers are not specifically
granted to the government. When
the constitution put in the hands of
congress the power to "regulate"
commerce among the states it thereby
inhibited congress or the government
from conducting commerce between
the states.

Government ownership of rail-
roads means the conduct of business
between the states as well as its
regulatioti. For the latter there is
constitutional authority; for the
former none.

It can hardly be argued that owner-
ship of the railroads is necessary to
preserve the existence of the govern-
ment to do which every power needed
is of course given the government,
either expressly or impliedly, by the
constitution. Therefore, I do not
believe the government has a con-
stitutional right to engage in the

general railroad transportation, under
peace conditions, which government
ownership necessarily involves.

A Political Machine

Ours is a government by parties,
the freer the people are to vote un-
prejudiced, unbought and unawed,
the better our government will be.

Disguise it as we will, the post
office department is a great political
asset and machine in the hands of
the party controlling the government
and most jobs in it ultimately go to
the partisans of the party in power
"To the victors belong the spoils"
is a fact and not a name simply. I
know of no better exemplification of
this than is now evident.

Government ownership of railroads
would add a real partisan army to the
successful party with a financial
power almost irresistible. One to
one-and-a-half million of votes would
be such an asset to a party that it
would require almost a revolution to
oust it. Add the political demorali-
zation of the men who constituted it.
Held together by financial interests
and desire to retain positions — ^" offi-
ces" — it would make a most powerful
and dangerous political machine.
It is bad enough as it has been.
We have an awesome precedent for
this view. We have had a foretaste
in this country of what may happen
in the hold-up Adamson bill. If en-
terprises of that kind can be repeated
and carried through continuously
along a sufficient number of lines
under our government, our democracy
will be reduced to a state bordering
on anarchy with autocracy as its end.

Effect on Democracy

The advo'cates of government own-
ership of railroads have for years
supported their arguments by refer-
ence to Germany as the shining ex-
ample of the success of such a plan.
Let us assume without admitting it
that the beauty and efficiency of
govei'nment ownership of railroads

Government Ownership: A Symposium

really existed in Germany. Germany
operated less than 20,000 miles of
railroad, jH-imarily laid out for military
purposes and under an autocratic
government where all the officers and
employees were practically soldiers.
In this country we have about 250,000
miles of railroad and nearly two mil-
lion of employees, not soldiers, not
directed by an autocratic govern-
ment or employer. A government-
owned railroad is a logical adjunct of
an autocracy, means an autocratic or
bureaucratic head, leads to a central-
ized power and personal irresponsi-
bility, the antithesis of the democratic
idea' The greater the mileage and
the larger the army of men employed
the greater the danger to democracy,
but America's slogan is, "Make the
world safe for Democrac^^"

We can well afford then to have
railroads pay the men who invest
their money in them ten or twenty
per cent profit, even more, rather
than have the government run them,
first because it will then cost less than
under government ownership and
will be infinitely more efficient, and
secondly is far less a strain on demo-
cratic institutions.

Indi\ddual responsibility and oppor-
tunity to gain reward for personal
service and ability are the greatest
incentives to progress, advancing
civilization and freedom, yet known.
Paternalism restricts and destroys
that and government ownership is a
form of paternalism.

We have just "Ucked" the German
Idea which covered every form of
business activity and absorbed and
lost the individual in a single will
which was an autocracy and a single
object which was the state, which
again was simply a machine of autoc-
racy. Are we to embrace and marry
out'-of-hand the "Idea" that spells
misery for humanity? The bride
may be fair to look upon but beneath
the white garments there's a skeleton
clutch, a strangle hold, and the cere-
ments of democracy.

Present Stockholders

So far as the stockholders are con-
cerned, there woukl be one great
present advantage to them in govern-
ment ownership. Their stock trans-
formed into government securities
would entail no business risk because *
taxes upon everybody would surely
meet dividends no matter how care-
lessly and expensively the business
might be conducted. Even this would
not be a permanent advantage.
Sooner or later the expensive govern-
ment operation of railroads, to be
expected from all the evidence of
past performances, will result in
taxation and other burdens which
would undoubtedly annul all tem-
porary advantage.

Suggestions That Have Been Made

We think all the railroad men who
have studied the problem would wel-
come a more extended supervision
than is now possible under the Inter-
state Commerce Commission. That
might still be continued as an appel-
late body with regional bodies over
the country to determine rates and
routeings, to act as a board of final
arbitration between railroads and
patrons, between railroads and em-
ployees on questions of labor and
compensation, but these are only the
merest suggestions. Because it may
be difficult to solve railroad problems
in a way that will be for the protec-
tion of the public and the best inter-
ests of it and the owners, it is foolish
to refuse to undertake such solution
by turning the same question over
to less interested, less responsible,
less capable and less intelligent people
under the name of government owner-
ship.

Editor's Note. — Clarence E. Carr, lawyer,
manufacturer, publicist, twice the Democratic
candidate for Governor of New Hampshire,
member of the executive committee of the
New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety,
has taken an active interest in railroad prob-
lems, particularly as they affect New Hamp-
shire, because of his position as a trustee of
the John H. Pearson Fund, largely composed
of railroad securities.

A POLITICAL 'IF"

The Story of a New Hampshire Boy, Unremembered Now,

Who Once Lacked but a Single Vote of Becoming

President of the United States

Bij Willis McDuffee

In the history of this still youthful, so many New Hampshire men those

although tremendously powerful na- granite characteristics which have

tion, its unparalleled growth and made them famous the world over,

rapid development, its unrivaled op- His surname was common enough

portunities for the young and ambi- but the names which were prefixed

tious, no matter what their station thereto by his fond parents w'ere

or early advantages, there are many stately, high sounding and aristo-

personal chapters which read like cratic indeed, so that the whole effect

veritable romances and which have was one of considerable incongruity,

become household words long since, which was in a measure symbolic of

There are also many yet unwritten the life of the one who bore it. He

stories and incidents not less remark- was nam.ed for the rugged old royalist

able and romantic and full of human governor of the Province of New

interest. Hampshire, Benning Wentworth, and

Among these latter is the life his- in that name the boy certainly had.

tory of a New Hampshire boy, who something to live up to. How brave an

entered the political arena from a effort he made so to do, you shall see.

little country store at a cross road, Benning Wentworth Jenness had

actually became a United States sena- other handicaps besides that of his

tor and probably was prevented from name. He was not born in a log

becoming President of the United cabin. He did not have to struggle

States by a single vote. If ever in the for an education. He was not obliged

life of any man did famous old Dame to fight for his start in the world. In

Fortune illustrate all her capabilities that respect, the chapter which he

in the line of fickleness, it was in the furnished in American history was

case of this native of the Granite out of the ordinary. Perhaps it was

State, whose career, remarkable for just that handicap which prevented

its actual attainments and successes, his landing the final political honors

was far more so for what it missed by that he so narrowly missed,

the narrowest of margins. In few His father was well-to-do, if not

lives of famous Americans has that wealthy, for those days. The son

little but puissant word, "If," loomed was given all the education which the

so large as it did in the true story district schools afforded and was then

of this man, long since practically sent to Bradford Academy. Fol-

forgotten in the rapid march of events lowing this, he did not, like most

political. boys, have to serve an apprenticeship

Benning W. Jenness was his name in some business or trade but his

and he was born in the little country father bought for him a well stocked

town of Deerfield, which boasted with- country store in the neighboring

in its limits not even a respectable town of StrafTord.

sized village but, located under the Young Jenness was but seventeen

shadow of the Pawtuckaway moun- years of age at the time and, with the

tains, had the qualities of scenery, gift of the store, his father placed him

climate and soil which have given to entirely on his own resources and told

A Political "//" 41

him to make his way in the world, tion of his audience and held mort-
This atoned in a measure for the lack gages on the farms of not a few of
of the prescribed boyhood hardships them, you may readily imagine how
which go to the making of the success- far his voice carried in the arguments
ful American. He was not thrown which were held. There were ''bar-
by his Fates into a fathomless pool rel-politicians" in those days in a
in his infancy and told to swim or double sense.

drown, it is true, but he had been Well, Benning Wentworth Jenness

taught first to swim by careful hands went to the New Hampshire legisla-

and had then been ordered to strike ture w^hen he had barely attained his

out for himself into the great cur- majority, being the youngest member

rents of life's waters. of that august body. Nor did he

In the country store the young merely go as an early acceptance of

man made good. He was a boy large an honor which is supposed to come to

of stature, vigorous of mind and body, every New Hampshire voter once in

of commanding personality and deter- his lifetime. While there, with th

mination to succeed. His business confidence begotten of his debates in

grew and prospered ; he made money ; his store amid the circle of his admir-

he made friends; he also made de- ing fellow-townsmen, he became one

pendents. of the few who actually had a hand in

The country store in those days the shaping of legislation. His fine
was more than a place of business, presence, his energy, ambition and
It was the social rendezvous of the personality counted even in the larger
masculine portion of the community, field, youthful though he was.
It took the place of the club, the hotel, The young man's constituents were
the restaurant of modern city life, proud of his record. They gloried
There, sitting on barrels, boxes and a in their acquaintance with a state
rickety chair or two, in a circle of figure. The circle in the country
which the capacious sheet-iron stove store expanded. Jenness was re-
with its box of sawdust beneath was elected several times and soon be-
the center, the voters discussed town, came a real power in state affairs,
county, state and national affairs, He began to chmb the rounds of
chewed tobacco and squirted the the ladder of fame with unusual rapid-
juice incredible distances into the ity. All the offices he held were not
box of sawdust, or peeled and ate those of glory and public service
apples, as the argument proceeded, merely, either. For fifteen years he
Once a week somebody read to the as- was postmaster of Strafford, and for
sembled sages the news of the day five years he was sheriff of the county,
from the columns of the local weekly Both of these jobs paid salaries, and
paper published in a neighboring city, his business also prospered.
The fate of nations was settled, the He became a leading figure of his
careers of politicians disposed of; party and presided at many a big con-
not summarily, however, but only vention with dignity, force and effi-
after long and serious discussions. ciency. He was even made judge of

The proprietor of the store natur- probate, although he had never had
ally was a personage of some impor- any legal training. In those good old
tance in that group, especially if he days, however, justice was not a
chanced to be a young, active, keen secondary consideration to the tech-
individual, with more than the usual nicalities of the law. His was a clear
amount of education and a large fund and logical mind, his sense of right
of information on a wide variety of and equity strong,
subjects. When you add to this the It was in 1845 that the larger hon-
fact that this same proprietor ex- ors of this remarkable political career
tended credit to a considerable por- began. In that year Hon. Levi

42 The Granite Monthly

Woodbuiy, one of the most conspicu- and deep and bespeaks strong mental

ous public characters in the annals powers, while his neat, arched brow,

of the old Granite State, resigned his somewhat stern, has all the pride of

seat in the United States Senate, to independent defiance. His eye is

become a justice of the United States remarkably fine, being a strong, clear

Supreme Court. To fill out his blue and glittering as a gem, and

unexpired term, the governor ap- shows genius of no common class and

pointed none other than Judge Ben- a visible elevation of mind."

ning Wentworth Jenness. Thus at Now comes the strange part of this

the age of just thirty-nine years, he fascinating life story, — the Russian

became a national character. campaign, as it were, of this Napole-

It must have been a rather discon- onic career, although apparently it was
certing transition, this, from the clue to no mistake of the victim but
country store at Strafford, or even simply the capriciousness of Fate,
from the little capital at Concord, Up to this point Dame Fortune had
to the Senate chamber in Washing- not only smiled on the young man, she
ton. But if the Judge had any tre- had actually courted him; everything
mors, or any lack of confidence in his had come his way. His progress
own powers, which had never yet had been an uninterrupted series of
deserted him but, like a tireless and triumphs, but Fortune had now be-
well-trained army, had followed un- come weary of her lover or else she
flinchingly in the rapid forced marches desired the excitement of teasing him,
from obscurity to fame and fortune, — and tease him she certainly did.
he never manifested it. Aided by his At the expiration of the time of his
charming and faithful wife, the pretty appointment as senator, Jenness had
little Strafford girl whom he had mar- no difficulty in obtaining from the
ried in 1827, he made a place for him- Democratic party a nomination for
self in the social and political circles a full term and as that party was in
of the great national capital, even in the ascendency in the state, this
the brief period of his residence there, nomination had been thought equiva-

The picture of this forceful young lent to an election. But a combina-
man, thus suddenly thrust upon the tion of Whigs and Free-soilers de-
national arena at Washington, amid feated him.

his senatorial surroundings, is pre- Disappointed, l)ut not crushed, and

served to us in the newspapers of that with a grim determination to recover

day. His seat was directly behind his lost political fortunes, he came

that of Senator Simon Cameron, and out the next year as a candidate for

at his right sat Senator Allen, later Congress and was nominated by his

Governor of Ohio, at whose inaugu- party. It was a hard-fought battle,

ration in 1874, Mr. Jenness, because His enemies had belittled his oratori-

of the friendship begun at Washing- cal powers. Indeed, he had had no

ton, took a prominent part. forensic training, but he was a clear

Describing his appearance in the thinker, a plain, direct reasoner.
Senate, a Washington paper of the Above all, he was a fighter. Corn-
time said: "He is under middle age, promise was not in his vocabulary;
hale and stout, the very picture of quarter was neither asked nor given
health and vigor. He wants but in his political warfare. The people
little of six feet in stature, with a gen- liked that spirit no less in 1847 than
teel waving figure and has quite an they like it today. And although a
attractive appearance. His face is flowery style of oratory was in vogue
between oval and round, full and at that time, even then there were
fair as a lady's, with regular manly other sorts of arguments more con-
features of remarkable symmetry, vincing. Senator Jenness stumped
His fine, classical forehead is oval his district; and his speeches, fore-

A Political "If"

runners of those of a later, more busi-
ness-like age, were effective.

He received a plurality of votes
over his nearest rival. But there
were two other parties in the field
and the Constitution provided that
a majoritj' was necessary to elect,
and so there was no choice.

A special election was necessary
and another campaign was made with
a similar result. This situation was
getting to be intolerable, and the law
was changed, so that a plurality
would elect for members of Congress.
Again Jenness entered the field, this
time confident of success. But it was
too late; if he did not compromise,
his opponents did. Again the Whigs
and Free-soilers combined, and Jen-
ness was finally defeated.

And so we come down to the fa-
mous National Democratic Conven-
tion of 1852. The histories of that
memorable event contain no mention
of our Strafford Judge's name. But
how little of what really goes on be-
hind the scenes does the most faithful
history record. The figures of the
Punch and Judy show are drawn,
described and depicted, until we can
see them almost as if we had been
present. But the hand that moved
the wires was usually out of sight at
the time, and hence it is small wonder
that we see no trace of it, as we read
the story of dramas long since en-
acted.

So, the accounts of that celebrated
convention which have been pre-
served to us, that convention to which
the one at Baltimore in 1912 has been
so often compared, simply record the
score of candidates voted for, after
the balloting was begun. It was at
the thirty-fifth ballot, we are told,
that the name of Franklin Pierce first
put in an appearance, and it gathered
strength and following, until on the
forty-ninth ballot the New Hampshire
man received the nomination, a
nomination which meant an election
as President of the United States.

It was a cleverly managed dark-
horse campaign, incleed, and one that

has become historic. But back in
the shadow of the curtain, another
story lies hidden.

The New Hampshire delegation to
that convention was a group of mas-
terly politicians. They went to Bal-
timore, impressed with their oppor-
tunities and determined to take ad-
vantage of them. Out of all the
bickerings and warfare of rival candi-
dates, out of the deadlock that was
bound to ensue, these men would
bring a New Hampshire man as head
of the ticket, the man who should be
the next President of the nation.

Well, they did, as we all know. But
for a long time it was uncertain who
that New Hampshire dark horse
should be. At last a meeting of the
delegation was held to determine the
matter. Mr. Pierce had refused to
be an active candidate but his name
was presented as one to be consid-
ered. The hero of this strange story
was the other candidate. The vote
stood, when counted, four and four,
and after some deliberation the chair-
man voted for Mr. Pierce.

So, by the single vote of that chair-
man, the choice of this convention,
the selection of the President, was
really made. Speculation as to how
the destinies of this nation might
have been affected by a different cast-
ing of that single vote, is toO fruitful
a theme for the limits of this story.
Senator Jenness was a thorough Demo-
crat and his views in general coin-
cided with those of Mr. Pierce. He
was firm as a rock in his convictions
and resistless in his energy in carry-
ing them out. Above all things, he
wished to avoid a civil war and to
keep a united country. At the same
time, his clear mind, practical com-
monsense and keen foresight might
easily have led him into a different
course as President from that fol-
lowed by Franklin Pierce; and his
statue might now adorn the State
House yard at Concord, in place of
the one so long denied to the only
New Hampshire man who did be-
come President.

The Granite Monthly

As it was, this was the end of Ben-
ning Wentworth Jenness's poHtical
career. Refusing a nomination as
Governor of New Hampshire, after it
had been given him, in 1861, he re-
moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in the
following year, where he died after
amassing a fortune in the lumber
business.

He is remembered with affection-
ate pride by his daughter, who still
resides in Cleveland. He is recalled
with admiration by an aged citizen
of Dover, New Hampshire, who when
a young man was a clerk in Jenness's
Strafford store and kept his position,
notwithstanding that he differed from
his employer on political matters
and used to argue with the customers
to counteract the effect of the Judge's
own powers of persuasion over them.

There are a few others who recollect
or have heard of him, and there is a
council of the Junior Order of United
American Mechanics at Strafford
that bears his name.

The store that Hon. Benning Went-
worth Jenness used to keep at Straf-
ford was long since destroyed but
other country stores have taken its
place. The voters still gather in the
winter days around the stove, talk
politics, dispose of the ambitions of
their neighbors and prophesy as to
the outcome of the war. Perhaps
this story may be read to the group
and some venerable citizen may clear
his throat and with pride declare that
he well remembers as a boy the Straf-
ford storekeeper who once came with-
in a single vote of being President of
these United States of America.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

Of the contributors to this issue,
Willis McDuffee, Dartmouth, '90, is
the editor and one of the owners of
the Rochester Courier, wherein his col-
umn, "Roundabout," is one of the
most readable features of New Hamp-
shire journalism. Rev. Roland D.
Sawyer, native of Kensington, is not

in the political life of Massachusetts,
where he is a veteran member of the
Legislature. Charles Nevers Holmes,
formerly of Dover, writes much verse,
but reaches the heights of poetry in
his prose descriptions of the changing
heavens. Edward Hersey Richards,
Exeter business man, employs his

only a clergyman, lecturer and author, leisure time in philosophizing in both
but also one of the interesting figures prose and poetry.

NEW HAMPSHIRE MEN HONORED

Philip W. Ayres of Franconia, for-
ester of the Society for the Protection
of New Hampshire Forests, has been
elected president of the Appalachian
Mountain Club, the first time a New
Hampshire man has been thus hon-
ored. Dr. Charles Greeley Abbott,
native of Wilton, for many years con-
nected with the Smithsonian Institute
at Washington, has been elected its
assistant secretary. Professor Walter
C. O'Kane, the head of the depart-
ment of entomology at New Hamp-

shire College, has been elected presi-
dent of the American Association of
Economic Entomologists. Professor
Frank Malloy Anderson of the faculty
of Dartmouth College has been sum-
moned to Paris to act as an adviser
upon matters of history to the Ameri-
can Peace Commissioners. Joseph C.
Grew, summer resident of Hancock,
has been designated as supervising
director of the secretarial staff of the
Peace commission, with the rank of
minister plenipotentiary.

OFFICIAL NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1919-1920

The State Senate
By Harlan C. Pearson

As President Arthur P. Morrill said
in assuming his office on January 1,
1919, the New Hampshire State
Senate has a unique distinction in its
small numbers as compared with the
bulk of its coordinate branch of the
Legislature. In some states the num-
ber of senators is less than New Hamp-
shire's twenty-four, but nowhere, is
the ratio of representatives to sena-
tors greater than the Granite State's
seventeen to one.

As President Morrill pointed out,
this places an increased burden of re-
sponsibility upon the members of the
upper house of the New Hampshire
General Court and requires in them
qualities which the voters of the state
generally have sought and found in
making their election of senators.

At the adoption of the state consti-
tution and the meeting of the first
Senate, in 1784, there were twelve
senators entitled to seats, five from
Rockingham county, two each from
Strafford, Hillsborough and Cheshire
and one from Grafton. In 1793
senatorial districts were substituted
for county representation. The dis-
tricts changed often and do now, for
that matter, but the number of sena-
tors remained stationary until 1878,
or more than a century. Then the
number became twenty-four and so
continues.

Woodbury Langdon of Portsmouth
was the president of the first state
Senate and the other members were
John Langdon of Portsmouth, Joseph
Gilman of Exeter, John McClary of
Epsom, Timothy Walker of Concord,
John Wentworth of Dover, Ebenezer
Smith of Meredith, Francis Blood of
Temple, Matthew Thornton of Mer-
rimack, Simeon Olcott of Charlestown,
Enoch Hale of Rindge and Moses

Dow of Haverhill; names that still
mean much to every student of New
Hampshire history.

Glancing through the list of mem-
bers in the hundred and thirty-five
years many other famous names are
seen, from Ezekiel Webster and Isaac
Hill, down to very recent days. More
than half of our governors. United
States senators and members of
Congress have seen previous service in
the state senate.

That the Senate of 1919 ranks well
up to the high average of its many
predecessors will be seen by reading
the following brief sketches of its
members :

Arthur Putnam Morrill, president
of the New Hampshire State Senate of
1919, was born in Concord, March 15,
1876, the son of Obadiah and the late
Lilla (Walker) Morrill. He was ed-
ucated in Concord schools, at Phillips
Academy, Andover, Mass., at Yale
University and at the Harvard Law
School and in 1900 was admitted to
the New Hampshire bar; but being
associated with his father in the lead-
ing insurance agency of Morrill &
Danforth, he finds little time for the
general practice of his profession,
though occasionally he accepts such
duties as being one of the executors of
the will of the late United States
Senator Jacob H. Gallinger. Senator
Morrill entered public life as a delegate
to the Constitutional Convention of
1912 from Ward Five, Concord. He
was elected a member of the House of
Representatives of 1915 and served on
the Judiciary Committee and as
chairman of the Merrimack county
delegation. At the close of that ses-
sion, owing to the resignation of
Speaker Edwin C. Bean to become

ARTHUR PUTNAM MORRILL
President of the New Hampshire State Senate

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

secretary of state and the illness of his
successor, Captain Olin H. Chase,
there was a vacancy in the office of
speaker which was filled by the choice
of Mr. jNIorrill as acting speaker. The
manner in which he discharged the
duties of the place under trying
circumstances made his pathway easy
to the permanent speakership, when
he was reelected to the House of 1917;

absolute fairness and remarkable effi-
ciency as a presiding officer. Sena-
tor Morrill married, November 5,
1901, Florence E. Prescott, and they
have two children, Elizabeth and
Virginia. He is an Episcopalian, a
Mason and a member of various clubs.
Among his business positions are
those of trustee of the Loan and Trust
Savings Bank and treasurer and

and, continuing his progress, his director of the State Dwelling House

Senator Daniel J. Daley
District No. 1

eminent success at that session in the
chair of the lower branch, rendered his
further promotion to his present
position almost certain when he was
elected to the state Senate from the
Fifteenth District in November, 1918.
His choice in November was particu-
larly gratifying to Republicans because
it redeemed his district from a Dem-
ocratic control which seemed in dan-
ger of becoming permanent; and his
election to the position he now holds
was pleasing to the whole state be-
cause of his ^^'ide reputation for

Insurance Company. He was vice-
chairman of the New Hampshire
branch of the American Red Cross, a
member of the executive committee of
the N. H. Speakers' Bureau for War
Purposes and a member of the Con-
cord Committee of Public Safety.

Senator Daniel J. Daley, Democrat,
of Berlin, representing the First
District, is the only member of the
1917 state Senate reelected to that of
1919, and received the votes of his
party associates for president of that

The Granite Monthly

body. Senator Daley was born in
Lancaster, January 27, 1858, the son
of John and Bridget Daley. He re-
ceived a common school and academic
education and studied law in the
office of William and Henry Heywood
in Lancaster, being admitted to the
New Hampshire bar in 1885. Since
November of that j^ear he has prac-
tised his profession continuously and
wdth conspicuous success at Berlin, of
which city he was five times elected
mayor. As a youth he held town of-
fices at Lancaster and from 1888 to
1892 was solicitor of Coos county,
dechning further election to that of-
fice. He also served three years in the
Berlin City Council and three j^ears on
the Beriin Board of Education, its
chairman in 1909. He was a delegate
to the Constitutional Convention of
1902. Senator Daley married, May
8, 1886, Ardelle A. Cowan of Lancaster
and they have one daughter, Helen J.
Daley. He has been president of the
People's Building and Loan Associa-
tion, the Berlin National Bank and
the Berlin Water Companv and a
trustee of the Berlin Y. M. C. A. In
the present Senate he has been as-
signed to service on the Committees on
Rules, Joint Rules, Judiciary, of
which he is clerk, Incorporations
(chairman), Education, Revision of
the Laws, School for Feeble-Minded
and Engrossed Bills.

Senator Joseph P. Boucher changed
the representation of the Second Dis-
trict from Democratic in 1917 to
Republican in 1919, thus chsplaying
the full measure of personal popularity
and vote getting ability which his
friends had prophesied for him with
confidence. He is one of the members
of the present Senate promoted from-
the House of Representatives of 1915,
where he served on the important
Committee on Appropriations and was
chairman of the Coos county delega-
tion. Senator Boucher is a resident
of the village of Groveton in the town
of Northumberland and was born
there March 5, 1866. He was edu-

cated in the schools of his native town
and at Whitefield and his life story is
that of a successful business man, as a
general merchant at Groveton. For
his years Senator Boucher is a man
of extended public service, having
been selectman of his town six years
and a member of its board of educa-
tion twelve years and declining further
election as commissioner of Coos
county after eight years in that office.
That he is a man of social instincts is
shown by his membership in the
Catholic Order of Foresters, the
Independent Order of Foresters, the
Knights of Columbus and the Loyal
Order of Moose. Senator Boucher is
married and has a fine family of five
children. In the present Senate he is
chairman of the Committee on State

Senator Joseph P. Boucher

District No. 2

Hospital and serves also on the Com-
mittees on Claims, Agriculture (clerk),
Elections and Fisheries and Game.

Senator Frank N. Keyser of the
Third District is another member of
the House of Representatives of 1917
w^ho is promoted to the upper branch

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

in 1919 because of his good record as a
legislator and his personal popularity
among the voters of his section.

Senator Frank N. Keyser
District No. 3

Senator Keyser's circle of friends ex-
tends far beyond political boundaries,
however, for he has been one of the
best known and best liked passenger
conductors on the White Mountains
Division of the Boston & Maine Rail-
road for many years. Along with ex-
Governor Henry W. Kej^es and some
other good men, Senator Keyser re-
sides at North Haverhill in the town of
Haverhill, and was born there Sep-
tember 12, 1866, receiving his educa-
tion in the town schools. February
27, 1888, he entered the service of the
railroad, in which he has continued
ever since. The Senator first came to
the state house as a member of the
lower branch of the Legislature in 1915
when he served on the Committee on
Fisheries and Game. Reelected in
1916, he served in 1917 on the same
committee and also upon the Com-
mittee on Liquor Laws which recom-
mended the passage of the state pro-
hibitory law. In the Senate he is

chairman of the Committee on Labor
and serves also on the Committees on
Incorporations, Railroads (clerk),
Towns and Parishes, and Fisheries
and Game (clerk). Senator Keyser
married May 11, 1894, Addie M.
Kimball. He is a 32nd degree Mason,
Knight Templar and Shriner, an Odd
Fellow and a member of the Order of
Railway Conductors of America and
of the Anchor Club of Boston. He at-
tends the Methodist church.

Since the year 1897 it has seemed a
rather hopeless undertaking for any
man in the town of Moultonboro, with
one exception, to try to come to the
Legislature at Concord. This year,
for the first time since 1895, there is
another man than Colonel James E.

Senator George A. Blanchard
District No. 4

French in the General Court from
^loultonboro. He did not do it by
defeating Mr. French at the polls, for
a glance at statesman's row in this
1919 House shows the veteran chair-
man of the appropriations Committee
in his accustomed seat, but chose the
easier way of making a running broad

The Granite Monthly

jump across Mr. French and landing
in a chair in the higher branch of the
General Court. George A. Blanch-
ard accomplished the feat, to Mr.
French's entire satisfaction, be it said,
and represents the Fourth District
in the present state Senate. While
Senator Blanchard, by reason of the
unique political situation in his town,
never has served in the House, he has
held all other kinds of offices and at
the time of his election to the Senate
was, and is now, commissioner of
Carroll county for his ninth year,
selectman for his twelfth year and
member of the school board for his
ninth year, a triple political hitch
amply attesting his popularity. Sen-
ator Blanchard was born in Sandwich,
October 16, 1863, and educated there
at Beede's Academy. He is a farmer
and dealer in grain, a member of the
Patrons of Husbandry, Knights of
Pythias and Red Men. He attends
the Methodist church and is married
and the father of two children. In the
Senate he serves as chairman of the
Committee on Forestry and as a
member of the Committees on Agri-
culture, Finance, School for Feeble-
Minded and Public Health.

chairman of the board at the present
time and a member of the school
board for two years. He is a trustee
of the town trust funds, of the Dart-
mouth Savings Bank, of the North
Thetford church funds, etc., and is a
director of the Connecticut and Pas-
sumpsic Rivers Railroad, of the Con-
necticut Valley Telephone Company,
etc. As trustee of the large estate of
his brother, the late Herbert H.
Barnes, Senator Barnes is obliged to
spend much of his time in Boston and
maintains a business office there. At
White River Junction, Vt., he has large
real estate interests and at home in
Lyme he is an extensive farmer, spec-
iahzingin Hereford beef cattle, in sheep
and in poultry, which he has dealt in
largely. He has been very active in

Senator George W. Barnes, Repub-
lican, of the Fifth District, was born in
the town of Lyme, which is still his
legal residence, March 18, 1866. He
was educated in the public schools of
that town and in the academies at
Thetford, Vt., and St. Johnsbury, Vt.
He was a member of the House of
Representatives from Lyme in 1915,
serving on the Committee on Towns,
and again in 1917, being chairman of
the Committee on Public Improve-
ments, a position which he holds, also,
in the assignment of Senate commit-
tees. He is the representative of the
upper branch on the Joint Standing-
Committee on State Library and is
a member of the Senate Committees
on Forestry, Pubhc Health, School for
Feeble-Minded (clerk) and State Hos-
pital. Senator Barnes has been select-
man of his town for nine years, being

Senator George W. Barnes
District No. 5'

war work, being a member of the State
Public Safety Committee and National
Defense League, local food administra-
tor, town war historian, district chair-
man of War Savings Stamp work, etc.
Senator Barnes married, in 1897,
Laura A. Smith. He attends the
Methodist church and is a member of

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

the Masonic order, the Patrons of
Husbandry, the Boston (Mty Ckib
and the ISIew Hampshire Historical
Society.

Senator Burt S. Dearborn
District No. 6

The 1919-1920 state senator from
District Number Six, the Belknap
county district, is Burt Stephen Dear-
born of Laconia, who, as a member of
the House of Representatives in 1915,
achieved fame as the founder of the
Real RepubHcans Club. Mr.Dearborn
was born in Thornton, February 18,
1881, being the youngest member of
the present Senate, with one excep-
tion. He was educated in the schools
of Laconia, including the High School,
where he was a student in the com-
mercial department. Marrying the
daughter of the late AVilliam Wallace
of Laconia, who was likewise a state
senator not many years ago, Mr.
Dearborn engaged in business with
his father-in-law and now is the head
of the concern, the Wallace Building
Company, contractors and builders,
dealers in building supplies, wood and
coal. Senator Dearborn is of a very
genial and social disposition and be-

longs to all the Masonic organizations,
including the Shrine, the 32nd degree
bodies and the Eastern Star; also, all
of the Knights of Pythias bodies, in-
cluding the U. R. K. P. and Pythian
Sisters ; and the Patrons of Husbandry,
the Laconia Gun Club, the Laconia
Board of Trade, the Laconia Business
Men's Club, etc. At the session of
1915 Mr. Dearborn served on the
House Committee on Fisheries and
Game and was chairman of the Bel-
knap county delegation. In the Sen-
ate he is chairman of the Committee
on Roads, Bridges and Canals, clerk of
the Committees on Finance and Man-
ufactures and also serves on the Com-
mittees on Claims and Forestry.

Senator Guy H. Hubbard
District No. 7

Guy H. Hubbard, Republican, who
represents District Number Seven in
the state Senate, is a resident of the
village of Penacook, with his home on
the Boscawen side of the Contoocook
river and his place of mercantile
business in Ward One, Concord.
Senator Hubbard was born in Pena-
cook, November 4, 1864, the son of the

The Granite Monthly

late John P., and Martha (Knapp)
Hubbard. He was educated in the
schools there, including the then
flourishing Academy, and always has
been a resident of his native town, be-
ing now and for thirteen years the
town clerk, for seventeen years the
tax collector, many years a member of
the Board of Education and represent-
ative from Boscawen in the Legisla-
tures of 1915 and 1917. At the former
session he served on the Committee
on Fish and Game, which made a new
codification of the laws on that sub-
ject, and two years ago he was pro-
moted to the Committee on Revision
of Statutes. In the Senate he is chair-
man of the Committee on Railroads,
clerk of the Committees on Claims and
Education and serves, also, on the
Committees on Agriculture and Public
Improvements. Senator Hubbard
married Grace (Greene), daughter of
the late Ezra S. Harris of Penacook,
and they have one daughter, Doris, a
graduate of St, Mary's School, Con-
cord, and at present a student in the
New England Conservatory of Music,
Boston. He is an Episcopalian, a
Mason, Odd Fellow and Rebekah;
belongs to the Wonolancet Club,
Concord, the Union Club, Penacook,
and the Beaver Meadow Golf Club;
and is fond of and an adept in all out-
of-door sports.

Five members of the present state
Senate have been complimented by
their constituents with an election to
the upper branch of the Legislature
without the previous apprenticeship of
a term or terms in the House. One
of the five is Senator Fred H. Perry
of Charlestown in District Number
Eight; and it is a further proof of his
popularity and the esteem with which
he is regarded that he defeated for the
Republican nomination in the pri-
mary election a veteran legislator.
Representative William E. Beaman of
Cornish. Over in Charlestown they
began to elect Senator Perry as town
clerk almost as soon as he attained
his majority and they have kept him

in the office for twenty years; but his
first ambition for outside honors was
manifested in his successful senatorial
candidacy. Senator Perry was born
in Charlestown, February 25, 1873,
and was educated in the schools there
and at Claremont. He is cashier of
the Connecticut River National Bank
of Charlestown; vestryman of St.
Luke's Episcopal church; member of
the order of Odd Fellows; married,
and the father of three children.
President Morrill has honored him
with the chairmanship of the Com-
mittee on Banks in the upper branch ;
he is clerk of the Committees on
Incorporations and Public Health;
and in addition serves on the Com-
mittees on Finance and Revision of
the Laws.

Senator Andrew J. Hook
District No. 9

Senator Andrew J. Hook, Repub-
lican, of District Number Nine, was
one of the prominent members of the
lower branch of the Legislature of
1917, in which he represented the
town of Warner. As chairman of the
Liquor Laws Committee, which re-
ported favorably the act for state

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

prohibition, Mr. Hook was a center
of interest, and was given much credit
for the success of that legislation.
Born in Cornish, December 7, 1864,
Senator Hook attended the town
schools and the business college at
Manchester. He is an insurance
agent and engaged in general business,
besides serving as savings bank trus-
tee, and is held in affection and esteem
through a wide circle of country sur-
rounding his home town. Senator
Hook is a 32nd degree Mason and a
Patron of Husbandr}'. He held the
office of postmaster for eighteen years
and that of town treasurer nineteen
years and has served as selectman.
During the past two years he has been
ver}' active in helping his town meet
and exceed the demands upon it in
all forms of war activities. Senator
Hook at this session is chairman of
the Committee on Agriculture and
his other assignments are to the Com-
mittees on Judiciary, Banks, Soldiers'
Home and Public Health.

1909. He has been chairman of the
Keene Public Safety Committee and
a member of the Draft Advisory
Board. In the Senate he is chair-

George Herbert Eames, Junior,
Republican, senator from District
Number Ten, was born in Keene,
August 25, 1884, the son of George
H. and Margaret (Anderson) Eames.
He was educated in the schools of
Keene, including the High School,
at Colby Academy, New London, and
at Tiffin's Business College, Keene.
In rehgious belief he is an Unitarian.
Senator Eames was elected to the
Keene citj^ council of 1915 and to the
board of aldermen of 1916. On
June 19 of that year, on the departure
of Mayor Orville E. Cain to the Mexi-
can border with the First Regiment,
New Hampshire National Guard, in
which he was an officer. Alderman
Eames was chosen acting mayor, and
was twice reelected by popular vote.
His business is that of wholesale and
retail grain dealer. He is a member
of the Masonic order, of the Elks and
of the Monadnock Club of Keene.
On November 1, 1905, he married
Amy M. Ballou and they have one
son, Herbert Howell, born August 5,

Senator George H. Eames, Jr.
District No. 10

.man of the Committee on State
Prison and Industrial School, repre-
sents the upper branch on the Joint
Committee on State House and State
House Yard and is clerk of the Com-
mittees on Roads, Bridges and Canals,
Revision of the Laws and Public
Improvements, besides serving
the Committee on Banks.

After looking at the portrait of the
late Congressman Cyrus A. SuUoway,
"the Tall Pine of the Merrimack,"
which hangs near one of the entrances
to Representatives' Hall, state house
visitors are likely to exclaim: "They
don't make men like that nowadays!"
Whereupon the capitol guide, if well-
posted, will take his charges into the
Senate gallery and let them look
down upon Senator Benjamin G. Hall,
of District Number Eleven, six feet,
seven inches, in height, weighing over
300 pounds with not an ounce of it

The Granite Monthly

superfluous. And it is not alone physi- Senatorial District Number Twelve,

cally that Senator Hall is a "big" which is one of the combined city and
man, as his success in politics and town districts, is represented this year
business attests. Born in Epsom, by a city man, giving Nashua two

state senators in 1919-1920; and by a
curious coincidence both are public
utility managers. George L. Sadler,
Republican, is the Twelfth District
senator and he is the superintendent
of the Nashua division of the Man-
chester, Traction, Light & Power
Company, which controls the electri-
cal supply of both Manchester and
Nashua. Superintendent Sadler is a
member of various electrical societies
and is one of the state's experts in
his line. Born in Windsor Locks,
Conn., December 15, 1867, he ob-
tained his early education there. He
is an Episcopalian, a 32nd degree

Senator Benjamin G. Hall
District No. 11

October 1, 1871, he was educated at
Pembroke Academy and Bryant &
Stratton's Business College. In
early life he was a granite cutter and
stories of his prowess at his trade are
still current among New Hampshire
stone men. Removing to Cheshire
county, he was for some time city
marshal of Keene, then purchased a
fine farm in the neighboring town of
Marlborough, where he now resides.
He also is a member of the firm of
Hall & Croteau, furniture, insurance
and undertaking. He has served his
town as selectman and as representa-
tive in the House of 1913, where he
served on the Committee on Educa-
tion. In the Senate he is chairman of
the Committee on Elections, clerk of
the Committee on Soldiers' Home and
a member of the Committees on Edu-
cation, Fisheries and Game and State
Prison and Industrial School. Sena-
tor Hall is a Mason, Odd Fellow,
Forester and Patron of Husbandry.

Senator George L. Sadler
District No. 12

Mason and Knight of Pythias and a
member of the Nashua Country Club.
He is married and has one child.
Senator Sadler formerly served in the
New Hampshire National Guard and
when the New Hampshire State
Guard was formed as a war measure
he promptly enlisted and saw active

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

duty when his company was ordered
out to meet an emergency last year.
Senator Sadler was a member of the
House of Representatives in 1909,
serving on the Committees on Labor
and on Towns, and in 1911, when his
assignment was to Roads, Bridges
and Canals. In the Senate he is
chairman of the Committee on Towns
and Parishes, clerk of the Labor Com-
mittee and a member of the Com-
mittees on Judiciary, ^Slilitarj- Affairs,
and Railroads.

in early life was employed by the Bos-
ton & Maine Railroad. Since 1901
he has been a resident of Pittsfield,
where he is cashier of the Pittsfield
National Bank and treasurer of the
Farmers' Savings Bank; treasurer of
the town, of the Pittsfield Aqueduct
Company, of the Pittsfield Gas Com-
pany and of the Red Cross; president
of the Board of Trade; chairman of
the Liberty Bond Committee; and for
several years organist and choir

The Nashua colleague of Senator
Sadler is Senator William F. Sullivan,
Democrat, and his public utility
position is the superintendency of the
Pennichuck Water W^orks. Senator
SulUvan is a ci\'il engineer by profes-
sion and is a member of the Boston
Society of Civil Engineers and the
New England and American W^ater
Works Associations. He was born at
Lowell, Mass., in 1869, and educated
there. He is a Roman Catholic; a
member of the Knights of Columbus,
of the Nashua Auto Club, the Nashua
Country Club and the Nashua Board
of Trade. He is married and has
three children. Senator SulHvan has
the unique distinction of being the
only member of the upper branch
whose first pubUc office is one of this
distinction. Further, he is the only
member of the present Senate who
was the regularly nominated candi-
date on both the Republican and
Democratic tickets in his district, an
indication, in this instance, of the
high regard in which he is held by
those of his constituents, . whatever
their political allegiance, who desire
good government first and partisan
success afterwards.

Herbert Brainerd Fischer, Repub-
hcan, who represents District Num-
ber Fourteen in the state Senate, was
born in Charlestown, Mass., July 26,
1872, the son of Anson B. and Caro-
line Frances (Cutler) Fischer. He
was educated in the public schools of
Charlestown and Marlboro, Mass., and

Senator Herbert B. Fischer
District No. 14

master of the Congregational church.
In 1907 Mr. Fischer was a member
from Pittsfield of the House of Repre-
sentatives and served as clerk of the
Committee on Retrenchment and
Reform of which Honorable Robert
P. Bass of Peterboro, afterwards
governor, was chairman, and whose
investigations created considerable
stir at that session. At this session
the Senator's committee assignments
are to Claims (chairman). Banks
(clerk). Towns and Parishes (clerk),
Incorporations, and Roads, Bridges
and Canals. He is a member of the
Masonic order. He married in 1900

The Granite Monthly

Clara H. M. Goss of Pittsfield, who
died in 1906. He has one son,
Robert H., born March 2, 1905.

The city of Manchester sends four
of her citizens to this state Senate,
evenly divided as to politics and all
highly regarded by their constituents,
as shown by the ballot box totals last
November. From District Number
Sixteen comes John J. Donahue,
chairman of the Republican City

Senator John J. Donahue
District No. 16

Committee, and a gentleman of wide
acquaintance throughout the state.
Born in Keene, August 7, 1859, he
was educated in the public schools of
that city, and in early life he was a
merchant there and at Peterboro.
Since 1890 he has been in the insur-
ance business and has been located in
Manchester for nearly a score of
years. In 1903 and again in 1905
he was a member of the House of
Representatives from Ward Two of
that city, serving in each instance as
chairman of the Committee on Insur-
ance. In the Senate he is chairman of

the Committee on Revision of the
Laws, clerk of the State Hospital
Committee and a member of the Com-
mittees on Judiciary, Education, and
Towns and Parishes. Senator Dona-
hue is a past grand sachem of the
Order of Red Men of the state and also
belongs to the Patrons of Husbandry
and various clubs. From 1907 to
1914 he was a highly competent special
examiner for the United States Pen-
sion Bureau and he also has served as
deputy sheriff of Hillsborough county.
Senator Donahue attends the Uni-
tarian church. He is the liveliest
debater and most fluent orator in the
upper branch at this session. He and
his wife, Mrs. Jessie E. Donahue, have
two daughters, Helen R., Radcliff e ' 16,
and Esther, Manchester High School
'19. Mrs. Donahue is a leading club
woman, social worker, and craftsman,
actively engaged in literary pursuits
and prominently identified with the
national organizations of the Uni-
tarian denomination.

The Manchester Senator from the
Seventeenth District is known in the
Queen City as the Beau Brummel of
the Amoskeag Corporation and visitors
to the Legislature have noted that
when he comes to Concord, as he is
rather in the habit of doing, he does
not let down any in his sartorial stand-
ards. Senator Clarence M. Wood-
bury was born at Paxton, Mass.,
August 39, 1855, and became a resi-
dent of Manchester the following year.
Educated in the schools of Manches-
ter, he entered the employ of the
Amoskeag in 1870 and since 1880 he
has been one of its overseers, holding
its record of longest continuous service
in that position. Senator Woodbury
is a Universahst, an Odd Fellow and
a Red Man. Always a Republican,
he represented Ward Seven in the
Manchester city council in 1887-1888,
and in 1893 came to the House of
Representatives from Ward Eight,
serving on the Committees on Incor-
porations and Journal of the House.
Twenty years later he came back to

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

the House, this time from Ward Four,
and was a member of the Committee
on Manufactures. His third term in
the House was at the session of 1917,
when he served on the Committee on
State Hospital. This year he is

Senator Clarence M. Woodbury
District No. 17

chairman of the Senate Committee
on Fisheries and Game and is a mem-
ber of the Committees on Labor,
Roads, Bridges and Canals, Railroads,
and Manufactures.

The youngest man ever elected to
the New Hampshire State Senate is
Richard H. Horan, Democrat, of
Manchester, who was born in that
city June 29, 1888, and in less than
six months after he became eligible
was chosen to the office he now holds
as representing the Eighteenth Dis-
trict. Senator Horan was educated
at St. Joseph's High School, Manches-
ter, and is a metal works manager.
He is a Roman Catholic, unmarried,
member of the Foresters of America
and of the St. Paul's T. A. S. He was
elected to the House of Representa-
tives of 1915 by the Democrats of

Ward Four, Manchester, and served
on the Committee on Manufactures
and as clerk of both the Hillsborough
county delegation and the Manchester
city delegation. Reelected to the
House of 1917 he served on the
important Committee on Ways and
Means an4 was appointed by Gover-
nor Keyes on the special recess Com-
mittee to investigate state finances,
which recently has made its report to
the General Court of 1919. Senator
Horan is chairman of the upper
branch Committee on School for
Feeble-Minded, is clerk of the Com-
mittee on Elections and Forestry and
serves also on Labor and Finance.

Senator Richard H. Horan
District No. 18

For several consecutive sessions of
the Legislature the French Canadian
citizens of Manchester have had
creditable representation in the upper
branch of the General Court in the
person of Senators Belanger, Marcotte
Joyal and Chatel, and this precedent
is continued at the session of 1919 by
the presence in the Senate from Dis-
trict Number Nineteen of Honorable

The Granite Monthly

Gedeon Lariviere, Democrat, born in
Somerset, Province of Quebec, Can-
ada, October 12, 1861. Senator
Lariviere was educated in the schools
of St. Johnsbury, Vt.,and Manchester,
His business is that of a contractor
and carpenter and he is a member of
the Carpenters' Union as»well as of
the Independent Order of Foresters
and the Association Canado-Ameri-
cain. He is a Roman Cathohc and is
married and the father of six children.
For six years he served in the New
Hampshire National Guard. He has
been a member of the board of alder-
men and of the water commission of
the city of Manchester and is one of the
substantial and trusted men of that
municipality. Senator Lariviere's Re-
publican opponent at the polls last
November was the well known former
secretary of the Republican State
Committee, Oscar F. Moreau, Esq.
Senator Lariviere is chairman of the
Senate Committee on Soldiers' Home
and a member of the Committees on
Military Affairs, Roads, Bridges and
Canals, Claims, and State Prison and
Industrial School.

Hon. J. Levi Meader, senator from
the Twentieth District, was born in
Gonic, September 12, 1878. He is
the son of John E. and Clara E.
Meader. He attended the Rochester
High School from which he was
graduated and received the remainder
of his education at the Moses Brown
School at Providence, R. I. From
early childhood, he worked in the
Gonic Manufacturing Co., manufac-
turers of woolen goods in Gonic, and
of which he is now managing director
and resident agent. This concern is
one of the largest tax pajdng indus-
tries of Rochester. In a business way
he has been director of the Peoples'
Building and Loan Association of
Rochester since its inception and
organization. As a Republican, he
has been affiliated with all matters
pertaining to the pubHc interests in
the town or city, honorably filling all
of the offices which he has held. In

1907 he was representative in the
Legislature and during 1917 was
Mayor of Rochester. When war was
declared, he was appointed by Gover-
nor Keyes, as a member of the Com-
mittee of One Hundred for the Public
Safety and Patriotic Service of our
state, and also served on the Public
Safety Committee of Rochester. He
is chairman of the County Republican
Committee, also a member of the
Republican State Committee and an
ex-officio member of its executive
board. He is treasurer and chairman
of a local organization which is or-
ganized through the cooperation of
the Salvation Army in Rochester, for
the welfare of the young men and boj^s.
He is affiliated with the Masonic

Senator John Levi Meader
District No. 20

order, Blue Lodge, Chapter, Council,
Knights Templars, and Mystic Shrine.
Senator Meader is chairman of the
important Finance Committee of the
Senate and a member of the Commit-
tees on State Prison and Industrial
School, School for Feeble-Minded,
Labor and Manufactures and of the
Joint Committee on Engrossed Bills.

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

The oldest member of the state
Senate of 1919 — and he is but sixty-
six — is Honorable Alvah T. Ramsdell
of Dover, representing at Concord
the Twenty-first District, who was
born in York, Maine, April 15, 1852,
and there received his education.
He is an architect by profession.
Senator Ramsdell was been prominent
in public affairs in the city on the
Cocheco for twenty-five years, having
been a member of the Dover City
Council in 1894 and 1895, its president
in the latter year; an alderman in
1896 and 1897 and a member of the
House of Representatives at the im-
portant session of 1903, serving on
the Committee on Revision of Stat-
utes. In the Senate Mr. Ramsdell is
chairman of the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs, especially appropriate
in view of the fact that he is in charge
of the Dover armory construction
for the state, and is a member of
the Committees on Incorporations,
^Manufactures, Soldiers' Home and
Public Improvements. At the pres-
ent time Senator Ramsdell is a
member of the water commission of
the city of Dover. He is a Congrega-
tionalist; Mason, Odd Fellow, Knight
of Pythias and member of the Bellamy
Club.

Academy, Franklin, Mass., at William
College and at the Boston University
Law School. Since admission to the
New Hampshire bar he has practised

The chairman of the premier com-
mittee, that on the Judiciary, in the
upper branch of the New Hampshire
Legislature of 1919 is Senator Benja-
min T. Bartlett of Derry, representing
District Number Twenty-two. Sena-
tor Bartlett is rather unusually
distinguished along this hne, for at
the session of 1915, although a new
member of the House of Representa-
tives, he was made the chairman of its
Committee on Revision of Statutes,
second in importance to Judiciary
and Appropriations, only. He serves,
also, in the Senate, on the Committees
on Military Affairs, Elections, State
Prison and Industrial School and
Soldiers' Home. Born in Haverhill,
Mass., November 9, 1872, Senator
Bartlett was educated at Dean

Senator Benjamin T. Bartlett
District No. 22

the legal profession at Derry and was
justice of its police court from 1906 to
1913. He is a Universalist; married,
the father of four children; a Mason,
Odd Fellow and Eagle and member
of the Derrvfield Club, Manchester.

Professor James Arthur Tufts,
Republican, of Exeter, senator from
District Number Twenty-three, was
born in Alstead, April 26, 1855, the
son of Timothy and Sophia P. (Kings-
bury) Tufts. He prepared for College
at Phillips Exeter Academy and
graduated from Harvard in 1878, the
president of his class, as he had been,
while in the Academy, president of
the famous Golden Branch Society.
Immediately upon concluding his
college course he joined the faculty
at Exeter and there has remained ever
since, having been for some years
secretary of the faculty and one of its
most useful, esteemed and beloved

The Granite Monthly

members. He is a member of the
Modern Language Association, the
American Philological Association and
the American Unitarian Associa-
tion; vice-president of the Society for
the Protection of New Hampshire
Forests, a cause in which he has
taken a long and useful interest;
trustee of the New Hampshire

the Committee on Education. He
is now chairman of the same Com-
mittee in the Senate, is clerk of the
Committee on Military Affairs and a
member of the Committees on State
Hospitalj Revision of the Laws,
Forestry, Rules and Joint Rules.
Senator Tufts presided at the Repub-
lican state convention of last Septem-

Senator James A. Tufts
District No. 23

State College since 1913 and the
secretary of that board; trustee of
Robinson Female Seminary in Exeter,
of the Exeter Public Library and the
Kensington Social Library; and a
past president of the New England
Association of EngHsh Teachers.
Senator Tufts is married and has
five children living. He was a 'mem-
ber of the House of Representa-
tives at the sessions of 1905 and
1907, serving at each as chairman of

ber and is well and favorably known
as an orator of patriotic and other
occasions. He is county chairman
of War Savings work.

Marvin, a familiar name in the
political annals of southeastern New
Hampshire, is well represented in the
Legislature of 1919 by Senator Oliver
B. Marvin, Democrat, of Newcastle,
occupying the seat in the upper
branch of the Twenty-fourth District.

Official Neio Hampshire, 1919-1920

Senator Marvin was born in Ports-
mouth, October 16, 1879, and was
educated there in pubhc and private
schools. He is a salesman by voca-
tion; married and has two sons;
belongs to the Elks and Knights of
Pythias; and is a very popular young
man in his section, as is shown by his
victory at the polls over that strenu-
ous Republican leader, former Repre-
sentative E. Percy Stoddard of
Portsmouth. Senator Marvin has
served his town of Newcastle in almost
all its official capacities, as selectman,
town clerk, auditor, assessor and mem-
ber of the board of health, as its member
in the House of Representatives of
1909 and as its delegate to the Con-
stitutional Convention of 1918. Also
he is chairman of its Public Safety and
War Savings Stamp committees and
a leader in other war work activities.
In the Legislature of 1909 he served
on the Committee on Banks. In the
present session he is chairman of the
Committee on Pubhc Health and a

member of the Committees on Rail-
roads, Agriculture, Towns and Par-
ishes and Fisheries and Game.

Senator Oliver B. Marvin
District No. 24

OLD HOME DAY IN COURT

George W. Anderson, native of Ac-
worth, presided over the December
term of the United States Court for
the District of New Hampshire at
Concord, his first appearance in his
judicial capacity in his native state.
From the length of the criminal
docket demanding the attention of
the grand jury. Judge Anderson may
have gained an erroneous idea as to

moral conditions in the state where
he was born. The other side of the
shield is shown by the fact that at
two superior court sessions of recent
date the grand jury in each instance
reported but one indictment; and
that at this writing the Merrimack,
County House of Correction at North
Boscawen is without a prisoner in-
mate for the first time in many years.

DARTMOUTH, '94

Just to show that all the success of
the famous class of 1894 in Dart-
mouth College is not confined to New
Hampshire, Arthur Allan Adams,
who leads the class alphabetically,
was elected mayor of the city of
Springfield, Mass., recently. The
same class furnishes editors for two of

the best newspapers in Massachusetts,
Philip S. Marden of the Lowell
Courier-Citizen and Maurice S. Sher-
man of the Springfield Union, and
Matt B. Jones, the Boston telephone
official, and George E. Duffy, the
Worcester manufacturer, are other
big guns of the Ninety-Four roarers.

NEW HAMPSHIRE PIONEERS OF
RELIGIOUS LIBERTY

No. 3
Hosea Ballon, Apostle of the Larger Hope

By Rev. Roland D. Sawyer

However sharply the doctrinal bat- about him in Warwick a little group

tie between denominations waged in of Universalists. Hosea and two

the earlier days of New England his- older brothers accepted the larger

tory, now all pay tribute to that noble faith of Elder Rich and were Uke

and far-seeing son of New Hampshire him, excommunicated from the Bap-

who fought so valiantly to soften the tist Church. This was in 1790.

harsh dogmas of Calvinist religion. In 1785, Rev. John Murray called

Hosea Ballou's father was l)orn in together in Oxford, Mass., a conven-

Rhode Island and when about forty- tion of the sixteen New England min-

four years of age he crossed Massa- isters who accepted the doctrine of

chusetts and settled as the farmer- universal salvation; they were, be-

pastor over the Baptist Church at sides Murray, himself, Adam Streeter,

Richmond, N. H., which adjoins the Caleb Rich, Thomas Barnes, Noah

Massachusetts line on the south- Parker, Elhanan Winchester, Moses

western corner of our state. Rich- Winchester, Shippie Townsend, John

mond was then a wilderness and' the Tyler, Matthew Wright, Noah Mur-

conditions of life were hard. Ste- ray, Zebulon Streeter, George Rich-

phen, the tenth child, was born in ards, Joab Young, Wilham Farwell,

1768, and April 30, 1771, Hosea Michael Coffin. The convention al-

opened his eyes on this life. Two ternated its yearly meetings between

years later the worn-out mother died. Oxford, Boston and Milford, and thus

New Hampshire has no more heroic came back for its annual meeting at
picture to present its boys and girls Oxford in September, 1791. Hosea
than that of the boy Hosea Ballou, Ballon and his brother David at-
learning to read by the light of pitch- tended ; David having already
pine blazing knots before the family become a Universalist preacher,
fireplace, on the long winter evenings. Shortly afterward Hosea Ballou
Though a strong robust boy and preached his first sermon upon the ad-
fond of outdoor life and amusement, vice of his brother and Elder Rich, the
Hosea was a serious minded lad, and service being held at the home of
at eighteen years of age we find him Deacon Thayer of Richmond. The
a lover of Nature and vitally inter- next five years Hosea Ballou spent
ested in religion. in farming, school-teaching and itin-

Caleb Rich was born at Sutton, erant preaching, attending the yearly
Mass., in 1750. He was a farmer- conventions and consulting with
elder in the Baptist Church, and a Universalist believers. During these
scholarly man; he moved to War- travels the young man had found
wick, Mass., in 1771 and while there great satisfaction in gathering with a
was excommunicated from the Bap- group of Universalist brethren who
tist Church because he came to be- lived in a community about twenty
lieve in Universalism. The doctrine miles south of his home, in a locality
of universal salvation Elder Rich where the three towns of Hardwick,
preached in Warwick, Richmond and Petersham and Greenwich came to-
neighboring towns and gathered gether. Here lived the three John-

Neiv Hampshire Pioneers of Religious Liberty

son brothers, Silas, Stephen and
Aaron, all Universalists; also a Seth
Johnson, Earl Flap;^, Joel Amsden,
John Town and others. This group
of men in 1796 arranged with Hosea
Ballou to come there and live among
them and preach one Sunday a month,
devoting the other Sundays to neigh-
boring towns. The young man, then
twenty-six years of age, accepted,
and married Ruth Washburn of
Williamsburg and settled with them,
preaching in that part of Hardwick
which was in 1803 incorporated as the
town of Dana.

Mr. Ballou had by this time passed
through a mental evolution to where
he took a ground far advanced of the
rest of the Universalist brethren.
In the next town, New Salem, the
pastor was Rev. Joel Forster, known
as a learned and pious Calvinist
minister; and to him, in a spirit of
earnest inquiry and recognizing his
own limits in scholastic learning, the
young Universalist pastor addressed a
letter asking criticism of new views.
The Rev. Joel Forster was a very
liberal minded man, and well-read
in orthodox learning; the letters that
passed between himself and Hosea
Ballou, and which Forster later pub-
lished, form interesting reading.

In February of 1803, Elder Ballou
took charge of a group of Universalists
in the five towns in Vermont, Barn-
ard, Bethel, Bridgewater, Woodstock
and Hartland. The same year the
Convention of Universalists met at
Winchester, N. H., the adjoining
town to Richmond, and adopted the
historic Universalist Creed. The
next year, 1804, Ballou wrote his
"Notes on the Parables." Then
came his greatest intellectual con-
tribution, "The Treatise on the
Atonement." These books are not
great works of genius like the work of
Jonathan Edwards, but when we con-
sider that the author was a self-
educated man, a hill-town pastor
with no books or a library, one must
admit that the "Treatise" shows in-

tellectual powers of a very high order.
Ten years before Channing started
his work, fifty years before Bushnell
made his attempt to soften orthodox
theology, this unschooled preacher
of the hill-towns of New Hampshire,
Massachusetts and Vermont, made his
great contribution to theological think-
ing which broke his denomination
from the teachings of Relly and Mur-
ray and made Universalism a distinct
religious sect. Next Ballou, who
wrote some decent verse, tried his
hand at reforming the crude and
brutal hymnology of Calvinism.
After six years at Barnard, during
which time he like the Apostle Paul
made man}" visits around New Eng-
land to strengthen the brethren, and
engaged in many controversies, Bal-
lou moved to Portsmouth, in 1809.

Father Ballou was rejoiced to again
enter his native state, though now as
a famous preacher to enter the com-
mercial city of Portsmouth rather
than his quiet native town. John
Murray had established a Universa-
list Chvu'ch in Portsmouth as early as
1782 and Rev. Noah Parker had been
its first pastor. Ballou successfully
defended his views in controversies
with the Rev. Messrs. Buckminster
and Walton, orthodox Portsmouth
pastors. Then came the War of 1812.
Public feehng ran high and Ports-
mouth sentiment was against the
war. Elder Ballou, however, was a
strong supporter of the war and
preached a pro-war sermon. The
fires thus kindled never died out and
three years later, in 1815, Ballou was
dismissed to go to his pastoral labors
at Salem, Mass. Then three years
later, at the age of forty-seven, and a
figure of New England fame, he en-
tered upon his Boston pastorate,
from which place he exercised the
leading influence over the Univer-
salists till his death, thirty-three years
later.

The last ten years of his life Father
Ballou had an assistant at the School-
Street Church, and he spent much

The Granite Monthly

time visiting Universalist churches
as a venerable bishop ; and he appears
to have been especially happy when
visiting the churches of southern
New Hampshire. The last year of
his life, his eighty-first year of life,
the venerable man, well preserved
and able to preach two or three ser-
mons of from 45 to 60 minutes each
on a Sabbath, made what he called
''A Valedictory Journey of the
Churches." That summer of 1851
he visited and preached at Kensing-
ton, Sandown, Brentwood, Newton,
Atkinson, Portsmouth, Concord,
Weare, Kingston; and in October
made a last visit to his beloved Rich-
mond. The next spring he felt able
to continue another summer but
pneumonia claimed him in May, and

though his robust physique fought it
for weeks be finally succumbed.

Father Ballou was a valiant pioneer
and one of America's useful men.
He was a brave spirit and had a mind
of vigor and power. He was a John
the Baptist crying for a saner and
sweeter religion than Calvinism. Of
the great men born amid New Hamp-
shire hills he ranks in the foremost
ranks. Like Webster, Greeley, and
Hale, Ballou was a pioneer. Of the
three men, who in the days of re-
ligious thinking between 1775 and
1860, sought to establish a more lib-
eral religious conception, Randall,
Smith and Ballou, Ballou was of
course the largest figure, and his
influence reached the whole Anglo-
Saxon world.

DEATH AND ROOSEVELT

Bij Ernest Harold Baynes

(In The Independent)

He turned your lance, Death

Full often from its mark. .
But he fought only in the day.
Nor dreamed you'd take the coward's way,

And stab him in the dark.

Meriden, N. H.

Were you afraid, O Death —

So brave the front he kept?
Dared you not face him in the light.
But crept upon him in the night
And slew him as he slept?

QUALIFICATIONS OF ELECTORS

And Persons Elected to Public Office Under the Colonial

Government*

By Albert S. BatcheUor

Colonial government in Portsmouth, Select men, for the Town Affairs,
Dover and Exeter, as these three dis- Assessments of Rates and other Pru-
tinct groupings of the early settle- dentials Proper to the Town, Provided
ments are commonly designated, alwayes the Major Part of the Com-
developed as three independent mu- panyes of Select men, be freemen from
nicipalities. Hampton, granted by time to time, that shall make a valid
Massachusetts, in which the principal Act, as also where no Select men are,
settlement took place in 1628 or 1629, to have their vote in ordering schooles,
was regarded as a Massachusetts bearding of cattle, la3dng out high-
town until 1679, and as a municipal wayes, and distributing lands, any
unit in the same sense that other towns law, use or custome to the contrary
in the colony were such units. The notwithstanding." Colonial Laws of
treaty of union, having exempted New Mass., ed. 1660, p. 76; id. reprint,
Hampshire from the provision of 1889, p. 196.

Massachusetts law that freemen must Taxes were assessed against males

be church members, a wide difference from the age of sixteen upwards: I

in one of the most essential features of Laws of N. H., 1679-1702, p. 39.

the suffrage was established for the Severe penalties were imposed at the

two parts of the colony. time of the first union upon those

The regulations as to the suffrage guilty of fraudulent practices in the

and qualifications for office in Mass- election of assistants. The simpli-

achusetts had been a growth begin- city of the method of balloting is note-

ning in the first years following the worthy. The act of 1643 was as

emigration, and assuming a definite follows: —

and permanent form in the statute ''It is Ordered by this Court and
which appears in the colonial laws, the Authority thereof, that for the
edition 1660, p. 196. The previous yearly chusing of Assistants, the Free-
statutes from which this enactment men shall use Indian Corn and Beans,
resulted were those of 1630, 1642, 1647, the Indian Corn to manifest Election,
1653, and 1658. the Beans contraiy; and if any free

A transcript of the original text is man shall put in more than one In-

its best description: dian Corn or Bean, for the choice or

"And it is hereby Ordered and En- refusal of any publick Officer, he shall

acted. That all Englishmen, that are forfeit for ever>' such offence, ten

settled Inhabitants and house-holders pounds, and that any man, that is not

in any town, of the age of twenty four free, or hath not liberty of voting, put-

3'ears, and of honest & good Conversa- ting in any vote, shall forfeit the like

tion, being Rated at twent}' pounds sum of ten pounds." Colonial Laws

estate in a single Country- Rate, and of Mass., ed. 1672, p. 47.

that have taken the Oath of Fidelity In the Puritan commonwealth the

to this Government, and no other status of a freeman, his rights, privi-

(except freemen) may be Chosen leges and duties, was clearly prescribed

Select men. Jurors or Constables, and and well understood. The statute of

have their vote, in the Choice of the 1647 relates to this subject in terms

*This article by Mr. BatcheUor, former State Historian, was left among other unpublished
papers at the time of his decease.

The Granite Monthly

which afford an adequate description
of the office of freemen:

"To the end the body of freemen
may be preserved of honest and good
men, It is Ordered, That henceforth
no man shall be admitted to the free-
dome of this Common-wealth, but
such as are members of the some of
the Churches, within the limits of
this jurisdiction; and whereas many
members of Churches to exempt
themselves from Public service, will
not come in to be made free-
men, It is Orderd, That no mem-
bers of Churches within this juris-
diction, shall be exempt from any
publick service, they shall be chosen
to by, the Inhabitants of the sev-
erall Townes, as Constables, Jurors
Select men, surveiors of the High-
wayes. And if any such person shall
refuse to serve in, or take upon him
any such Office, being Legally chosen
thereunto, he shall pay for every such
refusall, such fine, as the Town shall
impose, not exceeding Twenty shill-
ings, for one Offence." Colonial Laws
of Mass., ed. 1660, p. 33; id. reprint,
1889, p. 153. It is presui^ied that this
statute was deemed valid in Hamp-
ton for reasons above stated, but
elsewhere in New Hampshire, includ-
ing Exeter, church-membership was
not a qualification for citizenship.
Bell, History of Exeter, p. 44.

Subsequent to the restoration, en-
ergetic influences were brought to bear
upon the colony in favor of more lib-
eral statutes relating to membership
in a Puritan church as an indispen-
sable qualification for the office of
freeman. The desires of the ministry
met with a degree of compliance in
the colony. The act of 1664 presents
an apparently extensive revision of
the former laws. The essential value
of these changes might, perhaps, be
better ascertained in the application
of the law as amended than from its
text. The act is as follows: —

"This Court doth Declare, That
the Law prohibiting all persons, ex-
cept Members of Churches, and that
also for allowance of them in any

county Court, are hereby Repealed.
And do also order and Enact, That
from henceforth all English men, pre-
senting a Certificate under the hands
of the Minister or Ministers of the
place where they dwell, that they are
Orthodox in Religion, and not vicious
in their lives, and also a Certificate
under the hands of the Select Men of
the place, or the major part of them,
that they are Free holders, and are for
their own proper estate (without heads
of persons) rateable to the Country in
a single Country Rate, after the usual
manner of valuation in the place
where they live, to the full value of ten
shillings, or that they are in full Com-
munion with some Church among us;
It shall be in the liberty of all and
every such person or persons, being
twenty-four years of age, House-hol-
ders and settled Inhabitants in this
Jurisdiction, from time to time to
present themselves and their desires
to this Court for their admittance to
the Freedome of this Commonwealth,
and shall be allowed the priviledges to
have such their desire propounded,
and put to vote in the General Court,
by the suffrage of the major part, ac-
cording to the Rules of Our Patent."
Colonial Laws of Mass., ed. 1672, p.
56.

An act passed in 1673 prescribes
the formalities and conditions under
which persons not church-members
may be admitted to the privileges of
freemen. Colonial Laws of Mass., ed.
1672, Whitmore ed., p. 210.

The king's commission by which
New Hampshire was separated from
Massachusetts and a distinct province
created by the commission of 1679,
provided for a president and council
which was to be the executive branch,
the supreme court, and the first branch
in the General Assembly. The presi-
dent and council were impowered to
designate the persons in each town
who were to have the privilege of vot-
ing for members of the first house of
representatives. This discretion was
exercised and some traces of dissatis-
faction are discovered in the history of

Qualifications of Electors

the period. I Laws of N. H., 1679-
1702, p. 2; id. note, p. 12, et seq.; id.
Appendix E. I., p. 779. In the Cutt
laws it is provided in regard to the
qualification for holding office as
follows: —

"It is Ordered by this Assembly
and the Authority thereof; That all
English men, being Protestants, that
are settled Inhabitants & freemen
holders in any Town of this Province,
of the age of Twenty four years, not
\itious in life, but of honest & good
conversation, and such as have Twenty
pounds rateable estate, without heads
of persons; Having also taken the
Oath of Allegiance to His Ma'ty and
no others, shall be admitted to the lib-
erty of being freemen of this Province,
and to give their votes for the choice
of Deputies for the General Assembty,
Constables, Select-men, Jurors, &
other Officers, and concerning the
Town where they dwell. Provided
this Order give no liberty to any per-
son or persons to vote in the disposi-
tion or distribution of any lands,
timbers, or other properties in the
Town, but such as have real right
thereto: And if any difference arise
about the said right of voting, it shall
be j udged & determined by the Presi-
dent and Councel, together with the
General Assembly of this Province."
I Laws of N. H., '1679-1702, p. 26.

This article was in operation at least
until the Cutt laws were disallowed bv
the king, April 19, 1682. Cranfield's
instructions, art. 26, Appendix A, post.

By the laws enacted in the time of
Cranfield, the pro\dsions as to quali-
fications for electors and of those
elected to office were as follows: —

"Ffor the regulation of the choice
of Jurors, Assemblymen, Trustees or
Overseers for the respective Towns &c.
That all persons, setled inhabitant &
freeholders in any Town of this Pro-
vince of Twenty one years, and no
other. Shall have liberty of giving
their votes for the choice of Assembly-
men, Jurors, Trustees, or Overseers
for the Respective Towns, Constables,
or other necessary Town Officers, or in

an}^ other Town concerns. Nor shall
any be chosen Assembly-men, Jurors,
or Trustees &c. for the Towns, but
such as hath a rateable estate of 15 L
according to valuation of stated by
Law." I Laws of N. H., 1679-1702,
p. 63.

In the time of the Dominion of New
England, 1686-1689, there were no
popular assemblies and the law-mak-
ing power was vested, first in the pres-
ident and council, and subsequently
in the governor and council. I Laws
of N. H., 1679-1702, p. 92-259. That
part of the laws of the Dominion
of New England which regulates
towns, relates more directly to the
powers of towns than to qualifications
of inhabitants, as voters and office
holders in the municipalities. Among
the early orders issued by the king in
his commissions and instructions, or
by the executives and their several
councils, was a provision that the laws
of the province previously existing
should remain in force until repealed
by the order or act of the legislative
councils of the dominion. In New
Hampshire this rule continuing the
former laws might apply to the acts of
the time of Cranfield, and perhaps to
the acts of the time of the union.

In the brief period of about eight
months which intervened between the
end of the second union with Mass-
achusetts, the New Hampshire towns
failed to agree upon a constitution
under which they should be united for
a government of the whole as a tem-
porary state.

Under the second union of Massa-
chusetts and New Hampshire, the for-
mer laws were declared to be in force.
I Laws of N. H., 1679-1702, p. 294;
id. p. 371. There is no reason to
suppose there would be any exception
in regard to the qualifications of elec-
tors and as to eligibility for public
office as the resolve makes no excep-
tion. I Laws of N. H., 1679-1702, p.

King James, the Second, abdicated
in 1688. The downfall of the Andros
government, Dominion of New Eng-
land, ensued in April, 1689. In the

68 The Granite Monthly

period of the second union of Massa- hereby hkewise repealed." I Laws
chusetts Bay and New Hampshire, of N. H., 1679-1702, p. 355.
1690-1692, every effort was made to The colony charter of 1691 and the
obtain a renewal of the charter of province commission of 1692 prohib-
1629 from William and Mary. These ited discrimination in the privileges
efforts were futile. The charter of of citizenship between the adherence
1689 was substituted. The new con- of the various sectarian denominations
stitution was not satisfactory in many except Catholics, often referred to in
important particulars. It impinged the parlance of that day as Papists,
materially upon the independence Religious freedom and equahty were
which the colony enjoyed under the enjoined with the exception men-
charter of 1629. About the same tioned. Two notable results ensued,
time. New Hampshire was established Religious freedom and equality were
as a province under the king's com- conceded in the colonial laws and the
mission. From this time on, the standing order enjoyed a growth and
colony and province had a separate prosperity which it had never expe-
government although in about half of rienced under the rigors if the earlier
this period the king designated the system of laws relating to this subject,
same person to be governor of the Doyle, English Colonies in America,
colony and province. New England, in the Intercharter

Among the most objectionable fea- Period,
tures of the Massachusetts laws in the In 1699 an act entitled "An Act to
first colonial period from the point of return able and sufficient jurors to
view of the home government was the serve in the several courts of justice
restriction of the privileges of citizen- and to regulate the election of repre-
ship which appear in the laws defining sentatives to serve in the General
the status of freemen and prescribing Assembly within this province" con-
the qualifications for its enjoyment tains the following provision: —
and exercise. The colony was com- "No person Inhabiting within this
pelled from time to time by pressure Province, other than Freeholders of
from the Crown to liberalize these the value or income of Forty Shillings
laws. The last of these attempts to Per Annum or upwards in Land, or
compose these differences as for as worth Fifty Pounds Sterling at the
they related to the privileges of the least in personal Estate, shall have
freemen appears in the time of the any vote in the Election of Represent-
second union in 1689-90. The act is atives; or be capable of being elected
as follows: — to Serve in the General Assembly."

"It is Ordered by this Court, That An act upon this subject was passed

the Clause in the Law title Freemen, in 1723, but it was disallowed in the

referring to Ministers giving Certifi- Privy Council.

cate to Persons Desiring their Free- A very important act was passed in

dom, be and hereby is repealed, And 1728 entitled "An Act for calling and

the Sum of Ten shilhngs is reduced to electing assembly men and their

ffour shillings in a Single Country qualifications." According to Mr.

Rate (without heads of Persons) Or Belknap the purposes of the act were

that the Person to be made free have of a constitutional nature and effect,

houses or Lands of the Cleer Yearly As to the qualifications of electors and

Value of Six Pounds Freehold w'ch as to eligibility to office, it provides as

Value is to be returned to the Court follows: —

by the Select Men of the Place, or the "And that no person shall be

Major part of them, who also are to allow' d to serve in the house of repre-

Certify that such Person is not Vicious sentatives as a member thereof, unless

in Life And the Additional Law title he hath a real estate within this prov-

freemen, made October 15th 1673 is ince of the value of three hundred

Qualifications of Electors 69

pounds; and the qualifications of the parish, or precinct where such election

person so elected shall be determined shall be." Laws, ed. 1771, p. 166.

by the house of representatives, other The law on this subject remained

than such, who has a real estate of the unchanged until the termination of

value of fifty pounds within the town, the province period.

WHAT'S THE USE?

By Edward Hersey Richards

Sometimes we mortals weep and moan
Because we think we're all alone,
Within a world whose heart is stone.
But what's the use?

Suppose the thought were really true,
One might as well be bright as blue,
It's just the same when one is through.
So what's the use?

Sometimes we think that honest men,
From business haunts have gone to den,
And only come out now and then.
But what's the use?

The business world is built, you see.
On confidence and honesty.
Therefore, most men must honest be.
So what's the use?

Sometimes we find in politics.
Deceit and graft and fraud and tricks.
That burn and sting to finger quicks.
But what's the use?

All things in love and war are fair
And love and war each have a share
In politics, 'most everywhere.
So what's the use?

Sometimes we think the weather's bad^
The worst that mortals ever had,
If we could change it we'd be glad.
But what's the use?

Life's brightest sunshine lives within
The human heart, and cannot win
As long as we refuse to grin,
So what's the use?

EDITORIAL

Both Governor John H. Bartlett
and the people of New Hampshire are
to be congratulated upon the fact that
throughout the state, during the first
month of the year 1919, the chief topic
of debate has been the inaugural mes-
sage of the new chief executive. It is
an obvious fact, often commented

speedily disappears, unless something
sensational happens to keep him
awake.

That something sensational has
been furnished by Governor Bartlett's
salutatory, and for thus stirring to life
dormant interest in state affairs His
Excellencj^ should be thanked, even

Campaigning in New Hampshire — 1918

Left to right, front row, ex-President William H. Taft, U. S. Senator George H. Moses; second
row, Governor John H. Bartlett, Congressman Sherman E. Burroughs, H. L. Grinnell, Esq.;
third row, Howard O. Nelson, Charles D. Barnard, Esq.

upon, that the average citizen is not so
much interested as he ought to be in
the workings of the official organisms,
local, state and national, in which he is
a unit. The indifferent citizen is an
American type as truly as the tired
business man and represents an even
less desirable class of the population.
It is a hard task, sometimes, even to
get him to the polls on election day,
and once the results of that voting
have been announced his interest in
government, visible and invisible,

by those of us who do not agree with
his fundamental principle that our
present form of government, largely
through continuing commissions,
should be replaced by a more direct
responsibility of the governor and
council for the administration of the
state's business.

Governor Bartlett complains that
the executive department has been
"stripped of its powers," but Article
55 of the Constitution of New Hamp-
shire still says: "No moneys shall be

Editorial

issued out of the treasury of this state
and disposed of (except such sums as
may be appropriated for the redemp-
tion of bills of credit or treasurer's
notes, or for the payment of interest
arising thereon) but by warrant under
the hand of the governor for the time
being, by and with the advice and
consent of the council, for the neces-
sary support and defense of this state
and for the necessary protection and
preservation of the inhabitants there-
of, agreeably to the acts and resolves
of the general court. "

The hand that holds the purse
strings rules the roost, and as a matter
of fact no considerable expenditures
have been made by any of the com-
missions of which Governor Bartlett
complains without consultation with
and approval from the governor, at
least, and usually the council, as well.

For many 3'ears it has been the
New Hampshire custom, a bad one, on
the whole, not to re-elect a governor
for a second time no matter how suc-
cessful and worthy his administration
may have been. The same rule has
applied to members of the executive
council. And there is no indication
of any intention on the part of Granite
State voters to change their attitude in
this respect.

The result is that once in two j^ears
half a dozen new men begin at the
beginning to study the same problems
of state government business and
executive direction which their pred-
ecessors took up afresh at the start of
the previous administration. The
damage to the state in delaj- and dif-
ficulty is quite enough as it is; it would
be infinitely greater if the recommend-
ations of Governor Bartlett should be
adopted and the state's policy in
regard to all its institutions, its high-
ways and other important branches of
its iDusiness should be subject to in-
stant change at the hands of inex-
perienced, uninformed and oftentimes
impulsive members of a new governor
and council body every two j'ears.

For more years than some seem to
remember we have been progressing

in New Hampshire towards that ideal
form of government in which partisan
politics is kept out of the state's
business. We have not reached it j^et,
but we are nearer to it than we were
and it would be a matter for regret if
we were to slide to the very bottom of
the hill again.

With many of Governor Bartlett's
ideas and recommendations we are in
hearty accord. Especially are we
glad to have him urge so strongly the
executive budget system in support
and explanation of which former
Governor Spaulding wrote in the
January issue of this magazine. With
that adopted, some of the present
chief executive's recommendations
would lose much of the ground upon
which he bases them.

His idea that some of our state
commissions can be reduced from
three members to one with financial
gain and without loss of efficiency de-
pends for its successful working out
upon the quality of the one surviving^
member. We fear that the one man
qualified to discharge all the duties^
judicial and otherwise, of the public
service commission or the tax com-
mission, would deserve. and demand a
higher salary than the state of New
Hampshire ever has paid a public
servant.

There will be no dissent from the
governor's statement that the state
must have more revenue. The direct
way to get it is by increasing the state
tax. Income, inheritance and corpor-
ation taxes are popular, however, and
have scriptural sanction in the aver-
ment, "From him that hath shall be
taken."

Much of the increase in the state's
revenue, .however secured, the gov-
ernor would spend in freeing toll
bridges, beginning with that at Ports-
mouth, and in increasing the quantity
and improving the quality of the
schooling which is provided for the
children of New Hampshire.

A toll bridge today is an anachron-
ism, of course, as Avell as a nuisance.
They are disappearing quite rapidly

The Granite Monthly

and we should hasten the process as
much as we can with financial justice
to the other demands upon the state
treasury. And though New Hamp-
shire is small and poor, as compared
with Maine, probably our state pride
will lead us to match her and the
federal government dollar for dollar in
the work at Portsmouth.

The educational problem is quite as
great, but not quite so simple, as it is
made out to be in the governor's
inaugural and in the special committee
report made to him in the matter.
We all should be glad, of course, to
have the children in Hart's Location,
if there are any, enjoy as good schools
as the children of Manchester; but it
is almost as impossible, from a practi-
cal standpoint, that they should, as
that the children of Manchester
should see every da}' as grand scenery
as is a part of the life of the Hart's Lo-
cation children. Moreover, any one
who has been in touch with the New
Hampshire legislatures of the recent
past knows that the people still cling
tenaciously to some measure of home
rule in the matter of their schools.
It must not be forgotten that among
the earliest acts of the first settlers of
our towns was the building of churches
of their own and schoolhouses of their
own, without needing or desiring or-

ders to that effect from higher up.
The closer together the school and
the home, the greater the interest
which father and mother take in the
education of son and daughter, the
better for all concerned; and a state
commission, ruling, from Concord, all
the school affairs of every city and
town would have elements of danger
in it as well as the opportunities for
service which the committee and the
governor emphasize.

Whether or no this Legislature gives
the governor more power on various
lines, he will find, as he becomes better
accustomed to his new office and its
work, that he already has much more
power than, from his inaugural, he
seems to think he has; as much, per-
haps, as any inexperienced governor —
and all New Hampshire governors are
inexperienced when they assume office
— ought to have.

If this general court takes Governor
Bartlett at his word and turns over
to him and his council sole control of
the highways and the institutions of
the state, will he, on January 8, 1920,
as he turns over that sole and supreme
control to a new governor and a new
council, believe that thereby the best
interests of the state are being served?

We do not think so.

GIFTS OF HOUSES

During the past month two not-
a,ble gifts for public purposes of two
well-known New Hampshire homes
were made. Mrs. Nellie Putnam
Chamberlin, widow of Horace E.
Chamberlin, famous well-known rail-
road manager, gave by will her beau-
tiful home on Pleasant street in Con-

cord to the Concord Woman's Club
for a clubhouse; and Miss Eva L.
Van Dyke offered the Van Dyke home-
stead in Lancaster, one of the finest
estates in that handsome town, for
use as home for a boys' club and as a
memorial to sons of Lancaster in the
war.

A BOOK OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

Mrs. Larz Anderson (Isabel Per-
kins) is one of the present day authors
in whose works New Hampshire
people take particular interest. The
daughter of our Granite State naval
hero of the Civil War, Commodore
George H. Perkins, U. S. N., his
memorial, through her filial love,

are more dear to her in all the wide
world of which she has seen so much,
not even her magnificent homes at
"Weld" in Brookline, Mass., and at
Washington, D, C.

Mrs. Anderson is the author of a
baker's dozen of books, about equally
divided between charming juveniles

Mrs. Larz Anderson as a Hospital Nurse

forms one of the attractive and im-
portant features of the civic center of
the state capital. From her father
she inherited, and with him in girl-
hood she shared, a love for the hills of
New Hampshire and its rural life.
The Perkins family homestead in
Hopkinton and the extensive estate
which her father founded in the
neighboring town of Webster are still
her property, and no places, it is said,

and highly interesting books of travel.
Most recently published, but now in
its second printing, is "Zigzagging"
(Houghton Mifflin Company), an ac-
count of her eight months of war
work in France, managing a canteen
on the Marne, serving as hospital
nurse, meeting the King and Queen of
Belgium, General Pershing and Gen-
eral Edwards, and, in general, making
the most of unusually good oppor-

The Granite Monthly

tunities for seeing all sides of war
activities as well as of having a helpful
part in many of them.

Mrs. Anderson's literary style is
fluent, yet direct, and full of pleasing
contrasts which hold the attention of
the reader and relieve the strain
which some war books put upon our
minds and hearts. Typical of these
merits is her description of her visit
to the rulers of Belgium. At Calais
she was met by an officer of the court
and taken in the King's motor to La
Panne to dine with the King and
Queen, At Dunkirk a very bad air
raid was going on, and, she writes, ''I
was sitting on the bottom of the
motor, so that in case the glass was
broken I might not be cut and also
in order that I might gaze up into the
sky and see what was going on."

Arrived at the royal villa, she found
that her travelling bag had not been
put into the motor, so that, perforce,
she dined with the King and Queen
in her uniform of nurses' blue.

"Across the hall a door opened, and
there stood the King and Queen in the
center of a smalL sitting-room. I
curtsied at the entrance. The Queen
put out her hand, and I curtsied
again, and also to the King, as is the
custom. He was in khaki, with the
black-and-red collar and the stars of
the commander-in-chief of the army.
She wore a simple white gown, cut
V-shaped in the neck, and no jewels.
They both looked extremely well, in
spite of what they had been through,
and both as young as I remembered
them five years ago.

''Her Majesty asked me in a very
informal way to follow her into the
dining-room. The room was small,
with a round table that left rather a
blue and white impression on me.
My seat was on the King's left, and
the Countess was on my other side.
I was extremely tired and very hun-
gry, and did full credit to the simple
meal of soup, fish, meat, pudding and
fruit. I had had nothing since a cup
of chocolate at 11, except the bread
in my pocket.

"The thing that stands out now in
my mind is that the King, who looked
rather solemn, surprised me by jok-
ing. . . .

"After dinner . . . the Queen
and I had quite a long talk in the little
parlor, all by ourselves. She was very
simple and sweet and bright, and told
me a good many interesting things,
speaking in English and in the very
low voice which royalty always seems
to use. . . .

"As I was leaving the palace, to my
surprise, a little package was handed
me, in which I found a nightgown of
the Queen's, a comb and brush, soap
and several handkerchiefs! . .
The little inn was filled with men
playing the piano and singing. I
went to sleep with rollicking soldier
songs in my ears."

Another side of her experiences is
given in extracts from her journal
while at the Ocean Hospital.

"But after the concert was over I
walked home alone as usual in the
blackness and crept up the three
flights of dark stairs to my little cor-
ner, where I boiled some water and
had a drink of malted milk, grabbed
my hot water bottle and tumbled into
bed all dressed — not because I was
afraid of the boches, but to keep
warm. . . . There are moments
when I am a little tired of getting up
at dawn and preparing my own
breakfast in a stone-cold room, where
my fingers are so numb I can hardly
hold the dishes. What is wanted
over here is simply women who have
strong arms and legs^you should be
young and well and willing to do
what you are told. . . .

"The Queen arrived at 10 o'clock
this morning and stayed for two
hours. We had given the salle an
extra cleaning and got a special outfit
all ready for her majesty — the usual
white rubber apron and white cotton
overshoes and rubber gloves. In-
stead of the white veil which French
and Belgian nurses wear, she put on a
sort of turban cap of white silk.

"She came in very quietly, and we

A Book of A'eiv Hampshire Interest 75

all curtsied. Then, as she dressed "I think it is quite wonderful of her
the wounds, doing the work of the to work so hard, and to do it so well,
doctors, we waited upon her. I stood For it is not pleasant to see such
behind the movable table with dress- dreadful wounds, all open and bleed-
ings. Her first case was a man with a ing, and to hear men groaning and
very bad arm, her second a man who grinding their teeth with pain, some
had both legs cut off. She used to do crying and yelling and biting their
this sort of thing in hospitals even be- blankets, and, when under the influ-
fore the war. ence of ether, talking so strangely."

THE OLD TO\YX PUMP

By Charles Nevers Holmes

By the old town hall in the village square
Stood an old town pump, like a landmark there,
With its short-nosed spout and its handle strong,
And a chain attached to a dipper long.

There the horses stopped, on an August day,
And the oxen passed with huge loads of hay,
And the children played, while their parents spoke
Of good crops or news, or the latest joke.

How that handle rose and that handle fell,
As the water gushed from the deep, dark well.
Through the short -nosed spout in a silver stream,
Sparkling bright and clear 'mid the sunlight's gleam.

Here the schoolboy came, homeward bound at noon,
And fond lovers met 'neath September's moon.
And the squire so grave, or the parson gray,
Often paused a while when he passed this way.

And the farmer, hot from midsummer's heat,
Drank its cooling draught like some nectar sweet,
Which his sires had quaffed in the years of yore
And which he would quaff till life's toil was o'er.

By the new town hall in that village square
There's no old town pump like a landmark there,
And no horses stop on an August day,
And no oxen come with their loads of hay;

And that pump is gone like the times long past
For of earthly things all must die at last,
Yet some folks still live — just a few — who know
Where the town pump stood years and years ago.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

PHILIP F. AMIDON

Philip Francis Amidon was born at Hins-
dale, January 27, 1852, and died there on
November 9, 1918. He was the eldest son of
Charles Jacob and Mary (Harvey) Amidon,

The late Philip F. Amidon

(From a photograph taken in 1898)

and after attending the town schools and a
military school at Brattleboro, Vt., entered
his father's textile mills at Hinsdale at the
age of eighteen. He mastered every depart-
ment of their operation by practical experi-
ence and at the age of twentyrone was ad-
mitted to partnership. Since the death of
his father in 1900 he had been sole owner of
the mills at Hinsdale and Wilton, disposing
of the former in 1917, but continuing the
operation of the latter until his death and
doing a large and lucrative business. He
was a strong Republican in politics and rep-
resented Wilton, where he resided from 1894
to 1907, in the Legislature of 1899. He was
a director of the Vermont National Bank of
Brattleboro and a member of the Home Mar-
ket Club of Boston; a 32nd degree Mason
and an Odd Fellow. His wife, who was Mrs.
Annie Estey Fulton of Brattleboro, .survives
him, with one son, James Jacob Amidon.

A man' of strong character, but of modest
and retiring nature, Mr. Amidon was one
whose affiliations were limited — home and

the few close friends who understood his"-
rare qualities satisfied him; that "best por-
tion of a good man's life." The little name-
less remembered acts of kindness and love
were the daily record of his sojourn here.
He "put his creed into his deed" and exem-
plified in all his dealings "that to be honest,
as this world goes, is to be one man picked'
out of ten thousand."

EBEN M. WILLIS

Eben Marston Willis, treasurer and gen-
eral manager since 1912 of the Page Belting
Company, one of Concord's chief industries,
died January 1, after a week's illness, of
influenza, ending in pneumonia. He was
born in Claremont, May 11, 1871, graduated
from the Concord High School in 1889 and
immediately began his continuing connec-
tion with the Page Belting Company. He
was a director of that company and of the

The late Eben M. Willis

Mechanics National Bank and the Capital'
Fire Insurance Company, a trustee of the
Merrimac County Savings Bank and vice-
president and director of the Northern Secu-
rities Company. A Republican in politics, he-
was a member of the Concord City Goverii-
ment from 1897 to 1903 and of the state-
House of Representatives in 1903 and 1905,
being chairman of the State House Com-
mittee at the latter session. He was a 32nd
degree Mason and a member of the Wonolan-
cet and Snowshoe Clubs of Concord and of

New Hampshire Necrology

the New Hampshire Manufacturers' Asso-
ciation. He was a leading member of the
\\'hite Memorial Universalist Church in Con-
cord, his grandfather, the late Rev. Lemuel
Willis, having been one of the pioneer preach-
ers of that denomination. Mr. Willis is sur-
vived bv his wife, one daughter. Miss Mary
E. Willis, a member of the class of 1920 at
Wellesley College, and his aged father, Alger-
non Willis, formerly deputy state treasurer
of New Hampshire.

HON. A. A. WOOLSON

Augustus A. Woolson, born in Lisbon, June
15, 1835, died there, December 15, after an
illness of eight weeks with influenza. He
was educated at Newbury (Vt.) Seminary, and
Kimball Union Academy, Meriden; was in
the insurance business for forty-five years
and for twenty years was a member of the
mercantile firm of Wells & Woolson. He was
a member of the Legislature in 1875-6-7-8
and in the two latter years was Speaker of
the House, the last such officer to serve two
terms. For almost forty years he was mod-
erator of the town and also had been town
clerk, town treasurer, member of the school
board, district commissioner, deputy sherifT,
etc. He was a member of the Constitutional
Conventions of 1889 and 1902 and of the Re-
publican National Convention which nomi-
nated James A. Garfield for president. In
1892 he was a presidential elector. For manj'
years Mr. Woolson was president of the vil-
lage library association and of the Lisbon
Savings Bank and Trust Company and in all
matters of community welfare he was a leader
and worker. He was uimaarried.

he was presidential elector in 1892 and a mem-
ber of the House of Representatives in 1895.
He was a member of the G. A. R. Post at
Penacook, of the Masonic Lodge there and of
the Chapter and Commandery at Concord
and of the Winthrop Club at Springfield.
For many years he had been a summer resi-
dent of the Lake Sunapee region. Besides

The late George W. Abbott

GEORGE W. ABBOTT

George Whitefield Abbott was born in
West Boscawen (now Webster) March 13,
1837, the son of Nathaniel and Mary (Fitts)
Abbott, and died at Springfield, Mass., De-
cember 27. As a young man he was a clerk
in Boston and afterwards engaged in the
grocery business at Norwich, Conn., and at
Fisherville, now Penacook, where he enlisted
in Company E, Seventh Regiment, New
Hampshire Volunteers, in August, 1862. He
was wounded severely in the battle of Olustee,
Florida, February 20, 1864, but rejoined his
regiment and was mustered out in June, 1865.
After the war he engaged in mercantile pur-
suits at Penacook and in 1876 formed a part-
nership with J. E. Symonds for the manufac-
ture of tables, which was highly successful as
a partnership and later as a corporation.
Mr. Abbott retired from business some years
ago and of late has resided with his daughter,
Myra (Mrs. Grenville M. Stevens), in Spring-
field. He formerly was president of the Pena-
cook Electric Light Company and a director
of the Concord Street Railway, the Sullivan
County Railroad and the First National
Bank of Concord. A Republican in politics,

his daughter he is survived by three grand-
children, Eleanor, Abbott, and Emily Stev-
ens, in whom he had great pride and joy.

DR. EDWIN E. JONES

Dr. Edwin Emery Jones met with a tragic
death on December 28, in an automobile
accident at North Stratford. Born in Lou-
don, January 4, 1870, he prepared at Pem-
broke Academy for Dartmouth College and
graduated from its Medical School in 1894.
He played on the 'Varsity football team for
three seasons and in his last year was its
captain. He practised his profession at Nor-
wich, Vt., at Concord, and since 1898 at
Colebrook, where he had achieved great suc-
cess and had contributed to the public good
the organization of the Colebrook Hospital.
He was a 32nd degree Mason and a member
of the Eastern Star and Odd Fellows. In
religious belief he was a Methodist. He mar-
ried, July 3, 1894, at Suncook, Maud E.
Northrup, by whom he is survived, with one
son, Ralph Northrup Jones, born January 16,
1898, and now in his last year at Phillips
Exeter Academy.

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The Granite Monthly

Vol. LI

MARCH, 1919

No. 3

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S FINANCIAL HISTORY

By James 0. Lyford
(From an address given before the New Hampshire Legislature, February 4, 1919)

I have thought that a brief sketch
of our financial history, from the close
of the Civil War, might be interesting
to you as well as a guide to your pres-
ent deliberations. We are frequently
informed that New Hampshire is a
backward state in its development in
contrast with sister states.. We get
this information largely from out-
siders, but sometimes from our own
people. In the limited time I shall
take, it is my hope to show you that,
considering our resources and the
problems that have faced us, we have
made a record of which any citizen
may be proud.

It is fifty-three years since the close
of the Civil War. I shall divide
these years into two arbitrary periods
of twenty-seven and twenty-six years
each. The first is the debt-paying
period, in which the whole thought of
the people was centered on discharging
the obligations incurred by the Civil
War. The second period, from 1892-
1918, is the period of state develop-
ment. The periods are arbitrary be-
cause the work of state development
began in a small way before 1892, and
the war debts were not all paid until
thirteen years later.

At the close of the Civil War the
state debt was, in round numbers,
S4,000,000, and the town debts of
New Hampshire aggregated nearly
$7,000,0U0 more. One milhon of the
state debt was for Ijounties advanced
by the state for the United States,
which the federal government paid

soon after. The state debt with this
deduction was $3,000,000, and the
annual interest charge was $250,000,
some of the state's obligations bearing
for a year or two 8 per cent interest.

The people of New Hampshire were
confronted with a state debt nearly
three times our present state debt,
with a property valuation of only one
fourth of what our valuation is today.
It is not surprising, therefore, that the
whole thought of the people for a
quarter of a century following the
Civil War was centered upon the dis-
charge of their public debts, state and
town, and that they could give but
little attention to anything else.

The state prison and the state hos-
pital, — the latter founded largely by
private philanthropy, were our prin-
cipal state institutions. An indus-
trial school at Manchester and a nor-
mal school at Plymouth were started
in this period; and the agricultural
college was a struggling annex of
Dartmouth. The salary of the gov-
ernor was $1,000, of the state treasurer
$600, that of the chief justice was
$2,000, and of his associates $1,800
each.

During a quarter of a century fol-
lowing the Civil War, the only build-
ing of importance erected by the state
was a new state prison. The new
state prison was the only public build-
ing of its era in the United States that
was completed within the appropria-
tion, — a fact that was favorably com-
mented upon by the newspapers of the

The Granite Monthly

country. This is further evidence of
the economy and watchfulness of
our people at that time.

The Legislature met in those days
annually on the first Wednesday of
June; and if it did not finally adjourn
by the Fourth of July it was charged
with extravagance and with wasting
the people's money.

It was almost impossible during this
period of debt payment to create a new
state agency or to increase a state salary.

In 1871, the Legislature voted to as-
sume the war debts of the towns, and
$2,200,000 was added to the state
burden, bonds being issued for that
amount, payable after 1892 in annual
instalments. This added an annual
interest charge of $132,000. The
payment of the principal of these
bonds did not fall until the second
period, which we are to consider; but
twenty years of interest payments
were made within the first period.

In the twenty-seven years following
the close of the Civil War, New
Hampshire paid the entire principal
of its original war debt of $3,000,000
and at least an equal amount in in-
terest charges on the same until it
was finally discharged; and in addi-
tion twenty years' interest on $2,200,-
000, the war debts of the towns which
she assumed, amounting to $2,640,000,
an aggregate payment of debt and in-
terest during these twenty-seven years
of $8,640,000.

In view of this task imposed upon
them, the Legislatures from 1865 to
1892 were probably justified in defer-
ring to their successors the problems
of state development, education and
philanthropy.

In the next period from 1892-1918,
the thought of the people was turned
to questions similar to those confront-
ing you, that have to do with the care
of youth, the public health, the wards
of the state, and the promotion of the
general welfare of our people. Here,
again, I make a division of the twenty-
six years to be considered into two
equal periods of thirteen years each,
because there was still left for the state

to pay in bonded debt $2,200,000,
that it had assumed of the war debts
of the towns. This debt was paid in
annual instalments from 1892-1905.
In 1905, the state debt reached its
lowest mark in our history since be-
fore the Civil War. It was then
$393,700. This represented obhga-
tions created by the state other than
war debts. The state tax in 1905
reached its lowest figures in our his-
tory since before the Civil War. It
was only $300,000.

I have grouped the state's activities
since 1892 under ten heads; and the
classification thereunder I think you
will consider as appropriate. What
I hope to show by the comparisons I
make is the growing liberality of the
Legislature after the last of the Civil
War debts were paid, and present to
you evidence that New Hampshire
has been generous in the last thirteen
years in her contributions to the pub-
lic welfare of her citizens.

I perhaps need to repeat, that from
1892-1905 the state was paying in
annual instalments the war debts of
the towns which she had assumed,
namely, $2,200,000, and a constantly
decreasing interest thereon, totalling
in principal and interest about
$3,000,000. This interest does not
include the twenty years' interest
paid prior to 1892 before any of these
bonds matured.

The ten heads under which I have
totalled the state's expenditures from
1892-1905 and from 1905-1918 are,—
Past Wars, Military, Agriculture,
Labor, Public Health, Penal Institu-
tions, The Unfortunate, Forestry,
Education, and Public Improvements.
The comparison in the two periods of
thirteen years each since 1892 follows:

PAST WARS

1892-1905 1905-1918

Soldiers' Home $194,346.71 $316,816.75

Regimental Histories 12,740.00 1,650.00

Aid to G. A. R 6,250.75 28,721.70

Alabama-Kearsarge Claim . 4,520 . 75

Soldiers' Monuments 4,834.98

Muster Rolls 500 . 00

Spanish War 111,023.94

Mexican Border Gratuity . 73,001 . 69

War witli Germany 270,656.93

$334,217.13 $690,847.07

New Hampshire's Financial History

MILITARY

lS92-li)0.'> 1905-1918

National Guard $391,087.20 $630,858.72

Adjutant-General 36,44(3.39 52,470.58

Armories 48,000.00 142,330.41

Independent Militia 5,075 . 83 3,900 . 00

$480,609.51 $829 559 71

AGRICULTURE

1892-1905 1905-1918

Agricultural College $279,363.55 $581,970.73

Beard of Agriculture 74,503 . 90 146,368 . 88

Contagious Diseases 92,309.66 173,557.25

Bounties on Wild Animals . 32,9.54 . 03 32,056 . 45

Dairyman's Associations . (i, 400. 00 10.597.21

Horticultural Society 2,100.00 8.699.39

*Immigration Commission . 11,546.77

Moth Extermination 127,275. 19

$499,178 51 ■$1.080,.525. 10

* Included in expenses of Board of Agriculture after
1905.

LABOR BUREAU

1892-1905 1905-1918

$43,551.84 * $55.606. 12

* Last two years include factory inspection and free
employment bureau.

PUBLIC HEALTH

1892-1905 1905-1918

Board of Health $63,419 31 $93,126.59

Vital Statistics 17,093.51 26,296.73

Laboratory of Hygiene .... 22,161 . 60 74,909 . 29

Epidemic Fund 4,268 . 53 2,452 . 62

Sanatorium 10,390.16 429.040.85

$117,333.11 $625,826.08

PEXAL INSTITUTIONS

1892-1905 1905-1918

State Prison $84,003.55 $439,495.29

Industrial School ICS.341.78 588.803,35

$192,345.33 $1,028,298.64

THE UNFORTUNATES

1892-1905 1905-1918

State Hospital $407,648.08 $3,422,204.54

Dependent Insane 166.924.92

Deaf, Dumb and Blind. . . . 100.305.56 233.166.06

Board of Charities 11.703.15 *172.137.09

School for Feeble-Minded . 97,692 57 786.564 . 60

Idiotic and Feeble-Minded . 9.910.21

Commission of Lunacy. . . . 9.317.84

$794,184.49 .$4,623,390.13

* This includes care of tubercular patients other than
at Sanatorium from 1912. Annual appropriation
$20,000.

FORESTRY

1892-1905 1905-1918

$25,623.26 • $299,618.27

EDUCATION

Department of Public In- 1892-1905 1905-1918

struction $69.464 . 09 $185.953 . 46

Teachers Institutes 26.860.77 31..361 .08

School Fund 128,075.00 1.054,4.52.55

High School Tuition 14.454 . 26 32.000 . 00

Normal Schoob 172,477 82 987.859.55

Dartmouth College 100.000.00 2.35.000.00

Aid Dependent Mothers . . . 39,925 . 00

Pensions to Teachers 12,500 . 00

$511,331.94 $2,579,051.64

PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS

1892-1905 1905-1918

Highways $209. 593.. 32*$4, 680,185. 74

Highways to Public Waters 3..583.08

Protection of Public Rights 6,069 . 20 7.909 . 64

Lights and Buoys 7.003 . 56 24,491 . 87

Bridges 5,537.26 18,750.00

$231,786.42 $4,731,337.25
♦Automobile fees applied to highway of $1.. 500.000
included in $4,680,185.74.

The total spent on these ten state
activities from 1892-1905 is $3,230,-
161.54, and from 1905-18 is $16,544,-
360.10, or five times as much for the
last thirteen years as for the thirteen
years that preceded.

The property valuation of the state
in 1892 was $182,000,000 in round
numbers; in 1905 it was $220,000,000,
and in 1918 it was $453,000,000.
From 1905-18 this valuation a little
more than doubled, while the ex-
penditures for the public welfare in
the same period, in all except one of
the groups doubled, in four of them
they increased from five to six times,
in Forestry the increase was prac-
tically twelve times, and in Public
Improvement the increase was twenty
fold. I think you will agree with me
that New Hampshire cannot be re-
proached for her care of her citizens.

Not one of these undertakings do
we regret and there is none that
we would relinquish. Best of all,
there has not in my recollection ever
been a partisan vote in the Legis-
lature in granting or refusing an ap-
propriation for the public welfare.
What w^e have done or what we have
refused to do has been because the
Legislature believed its action to be
right.

As to the work of the present Legis-
lature, what is the financial situation
that we face? The last Legislature
did not appropriate enough for the
maintenance of the departments and
institutions. It could not intelli-
gently do so, as the cost of labor and
materials w^as then climbing by leaps
and bounds, and we were at the be-
ginning of our participation in the
war with German}'. It provided,
however, an emergency fund for
each of the two succeeding years, to
be spent under the direction of the
governor and council. This was not
sufficient, however; and we face a
deficit of revenue for the present
fiscal year ending August 31 of nearly
$300,000.

For the fiscal year ending August
31, 1920, with a state tax of $800,000

84 The Granite Monthly

•there will be an excess of estimated ex- some kind for payment. These two

penditures over estimated revenue of phases of the question must always

$275,000; and for the following year, be kept together. We should be

for which this Legislature must also reasonably sure the people do want

provide, the deficit will be over each given thing, and then we should

$400,000, a total deficit for this year discover the best method of securing

and the two succeeding years of the necessary money. When that

nearly $1,000,000. has been done, the executive function

In looking over the estimates of the of the state should see that the people
institutions, I find that these institu- obtain those results without waste."
tions are counting upon an emergency You are to be reasonably sure that
appropriation to carry them through, the people desire the things for which
so that these estimates do not repre- you are to make the appropriations,
sent what may be the cost for the and then you are to provide the rev-
next two years. enue. The only available source of

A state t^x of $1,200,000 for the revenue is to increase the state tax
next two years is therefore necessary, above $1,200,000 for the additional
This does not take into consideration appropriations that this Legislature
any increase of appropriations over votes beyond the sum required to meet
estimates for the next two years, or the present requirements of the state,
any special appropriation by this If you feel that your constituents are
Legislature. The state tax must be willing to stand the additional bur-
increased .$400,000 even if this Legis- den for the benefits you give them,
lature does not add a single new under- then you will have no hesitancy in
taking. We must first take care of making the required additional in-
what we have already authorized, crease in the state tax beyond $1,200,-
This is a burden we cannot avoid. 000.

The only proposition before this This morning the chairman of the

Legislature to raise additional revenue Committee on Appropriations in his

is the direct inheritance tax. This, report shows that the requests for

if the exemptions are not made too special appropriations made of this

large, may produce an average annual Legislature total over $5,000,000 for

income of $200,000; but for the first the next two years. To grant them

two years the income will fall far all would mean an increase of the state

short of that amount. tax beyond the $1,200,000 required

Whatever this Legislature pro- to meet present estimates, of $2,500,-
poses to do in addition to what is al- 000 a year. You are, therefore, face
ready authorized, it must do through to face with the same problem that
an increase of the state tax above has confronted your predecessors,
$1,200,000. This is the naked situa- namely;- — to select the more pressing
tion, and we must face it, and face it demands for which your constituents
courageously. The war is respon- will justify the expenditure, and defer
sible for the increase that you will action on the remainder. The millen-
have to make in the state tax up to nium will not be brought about by
$1,200,000. You will be responsible the acts of one session of the Legis-
for any increase above that sum. lature. Years hence, even if the
Governor Bartlett has admirably ex- New Hampshire Legislature con-
pressed it in this way: tinues to show the same liberal spirit

"Good government in a democracy that it has for the past thirteen years,

is to provide what the people hon- there will still be opportunity for im-

estly want, and then levy taxes of proving the condition of the people.

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S WAR WORKERS

New Hampshire's part in the world
war was ahnost 20,000 men in service
(the latest report of the state war
historian gives the number of names
then onhis records as 18,861) ; $75,465,-
890 invested in the first four Liberty
Loans; 150,000 members of the Red
Cross, contributing S935,000 in
money to the work of that organization
and a great amount of supplies — how
great it is impossible to ascertain;

Within the limits of magazine ar-
ticles it is impossible to give any
adequate account of all the ramifica-
tions of this war work or to render
due credit to all the men and women
engaged in it, but some record seems
appropriate and desirable at this
time, when most of the activities are
being brought to a close as the need
for them disappears.

The highest meed of praise be-

GoTcmor Henry W. Keyes and Some New Hampshire War Workers in the Newington

Ship Yards

$1,000,000 given in one "United"
drive, for the work in connection with
the war, of theY. M. C. A., the Y. W.
C. A., the Salvation Army, the Jewish
Welfare Work and the War Camp
Community Service; and a great
amount of work done and money con-
tributed for Belgian, Armenian and
other refugee relief, for books and
magazines and "smileage" tickets
for the soldiers and sailors, and in
many other ways. Altogether, it is esti-
mated, New Hampshire raised more
than two and a half million dollars
for war charities and has invested
more than eighty million dollars in
government war securities, or one-
fifth of the entire wealth of the state.

longs, of course, to the men who had
the closest connection with the actual
winning of the war, the men who en-
dured the life of the trenches, the
men who went over the top, the men
who stopped the onslaught of the
Hun, beat him back, broke his spirit,
forced him to sue for peace.

The time has not yet come for
telling the story of the New Hamp-
shire men overseas. It will be a
splendid one when it is told and this
magazine hopes to have a share in the
telling. But that must be a thought
and a plan for the future.

New Hampshire's first contribu-
tion to the man power of the war
came in the federalizing of the 2,750

The Granite Monthly

men of the First Regiment , New Hamp-
shire National Guard, and the subse-
quent incorporation of most of its
strength in the 103rd Regiment of
Infantry of the 26th Division, A. E. F.

the Navy and the Marine Corps,
amounting in all to 7,500 men.

Then came the enactment of the
Selective Service Act, under which
94,801 men were registered in the

Dr. George Cook
Chairman Selective Service Board

There was a highly creditable amount state of New Hampshire and 8,925

of volunteering in connection with furnished for service,

filling the ranks of this regiment and Under the law the responsibility

for other service of the nation, in for its enforcement in New Hamp-

the various branches of the Army, shire was placed in Governor Henry

New Hampshire's War Workers

W. Keyes and upon his recommenda-
tion the following officials were named
as his assistants :

Brigadier General Charles W. Howard, the
Adjutant General and Disbursing Officer and
Agent of the United States and State of
New Hampshire; First Lieutenant John M.
Gile, M. R. C, medical aide to the Governor;
Miss Bessie A. Clark, chief clerk.

District Board: Dr. George Cook, chair-
man, Concord; W. L. Carter, Nashua, suc-
ceeded by D. Sidney Rollins, Newport, clerk;
Edmund SuUivan, Berlin; Richard A. Cooney,
Portsmouth; Samuel O. Titus, Rollinsford;
Arthur H. Chase, chief clerk, Concord.

Local Boards: Belknap County, Frederick
D. Elliott, Edwin P. Thompson, Frank P.
Tilton, Dr . Edwin P. Hodgdon, all of La-
conia.

Carroll County: Arthur W. Chandler,
Conway; Arthur E. Kenison, Ossipee; Dr.
B. F. Home, Conway; Dr. George H. Shedd,
Conway; Dr. F. E. Clow, Wolfeboro.

Cheshire County: Edward H. Lord, Lewis;
W. Holmes, the late Carl J. Beverstock, Roy
M. Pickard, Dr. Frank M. Dinsmoor, Miriam
G. Starkey, chief clerk, all of Keene.

Coos County: George W. Brown, Berlin;
Fred C. Cleveland, Lancaster; Dr. T. C.
Pulsifer, Berlin; Dr. Richard E. Wilder,
Whitefield; Sarah M. Daley, chief clerk, Lan-
caster.

Grafton County: Joseph P. Huckins,
Plymouth; Dexter D. Dow, Dr. Elmer M.
Miller, L. C. George, chief clerk, all of Woods-
ville.

tiillsborough County, No. One (City of
Nashua): Dr. George W. Currier, Thomas
D. Luce, Dr. Benjamin G. Moran, Fred
Cross, chief clerk, all of Nashua.

Hillsborough County, No. Two (County
of Hillsborough with the exception of Man-
chester and Nashua): Charles S. Emerson,
Milford; James F. Brennan, Peterborough;
Dr. Charles A. Weaver, New Boston;
Wynona L. Parkhurst, chief clerk, Milford.

Manchester City, No. One (Wards 1, 2, 3,
4, 5a and 9): Allan M. Wilson, Harr>' T.
Lord, Dr. L L. Carpenter, all of Manchester.

Manch&ster City, No. Two (Wards 5b,
6, 7, 8): Thomas H. Madigan, Joseph M.
McDonough, Albert A. Richard-s, Dr. B. E.
Sanborn, all of Manchester.

Manchester City, No. Three (Wards 10,
11, 12, 13): Harry C. Jones, Dr. Wilfred L.
Biron, Lucien J. Martin, Charles C. Tinkham,
all of Manchester.

Merrimack County, No. One (City of Con-
cord): George A. S. Kimball, the late Charles
P. Smith, George M. Fletcher, Dr. Charles
R. Walker, Dr. Arthur K. Day, Blanche H.
Ahern, chief clerk, all of Concord.

Merrimack County, No. Two: Thomas F.
Clifford, Frederick A. Holmes, Franklin;
George W. Stone, Andover; Dr. Ervin T.
Drake, Agnes G. Nelson, chief clerk, Franklin.

Major D. S. Rollins
Clerk Selective Service Board

Rockingham County, No. One: Ceylon
Spinney, William E. Marvin, Dr. George E.
Pender, Effie B. Laird, chief clerk, all of
Portsmouth.

Rockingham County, No. Two: Herbert
L. Grinnell, Derry; George W. Lamprey,
Exeter; Dr. Abram W. Mitchell, Epping;
Florence Baker, chief clerk, Exeter.

Strafford County: Edward S. Yoimg,
Arthur G. Whittemore, William H. Roberts,
Dover; Charles E. Hoitt, Durham; Dr.
Walter J. Roberts, Rochester; Dr. Harry O.
Chesley, MolUe E. Devereux, chief clerk,
Dovfer.

Sullivan County: Albert L Barton, Croy-
don; John McCrillis, Frank O. Chellis,
Newport; Dr. Samuel R. LTpham, Clare-

The Granite Monthly

mont; Bertha M. Goodwin, chief clerk,
Newport.

The attorneys designated to act as govern-
ment appeal agents were Fletcher Hale,
Laconia; Walter D. H. Hill, North Conway;
Phihp H. Faulkner, Roy M. Pickard, Keene;

In the membership of the various medical
advisory- boards for the different districts
were included the following doctors: Joseph
J. Cobb, Julius Stahl, Louis Benjamin Mar-
cou, Edward R. McGee, Berlin; J. Z. Shedd,
North Conway; Fred Meader, H. W. Brad-

Hon. Richard A. Cooney
Labor's Representative on Selective Service Board

Harry G. Noyes, Gorham; Raymond U.
Smith, Woodsville; Ivory C. Eaton, Nashua;
Benjamin F. Prescott, Milford; Charles D.
Barnard, Manchester; Wilham W. Thayer,
James W. Remick, Concord; Edward G.
Leach, Franklin; John L. Mitchell, Ports-
mouth; Wilham H. Sleeper, Exeter; Albert
P. Sherry, Djver; Henry S. Richardson,
Claremont.

ford, Wolfeboro; Kenneth Bryson, Silver
Lake; Edward E. Twombly, the late Edwin
E. Jones, Colebrook; John M. Blodgett,
West Stewartstown ; W. H. Lang, Lancaster;
Dennis E. Sullivan, Charles R. Walker,
Andrew L. MacMillan, Chancey Adams,
Louis I. Moulton, Concord; Arthur N. Smith,
Louis W. Flanders, Roscoe G. Blanchard,
Elbridge A. Shorey, Dover; William H.

New Hampshire's War Workers

Nute, William B. Kenniston, Herbert C. Day,
A. G. Hooper, Charles H. Gerrish, Exeter;
A. J. Lance, Portsmouth; James B. Erskine,
Ed\\-in D. Forrest, Tiltoii; William E.
Smith, A. A. Beaton, James S. Shaw, Frank-
lin; Frederick Robertson, Bristol; Howard
N. Ivingsford, Elmer H. Carleton, W. H.
Poole, Hanover; Fred VonTobel, Lebanon;
Edward A. Tracy, Ira J. Prouty, Arthur A.
Pratte, Alston F. Barrett, Kcene; Arthur
\y. Hopkins, ^^'est Swanzey; Park R. Hoyt,
C. E. Rowe, Lakeport; Alpha H. Harrimau,
Chfton S. Abbott, Laconia; William H.
Leith, Harry B. Carpenter, W. H. Thompson,
Lancaster; George H. Morrison, White-
field; Arthur T. Downing, Littleton; Hiram
L. Johnson, Franconia; Harry H. Boynton,
J. E. Collins, Lisbon; Emdon Fritz, Leander
M. Farrington, Wilham H. Lyons, Andrew
J. Sawyer, Michael E. Kean, Daniel C. Nor-
ton, Walter T. Crosby, William A. Thompson,
Wilham D. Walker, Manchester; Herbert S.
Hutchinson, Fred M. Weatherbee, Eugene
Wason, MiKord; Oscar Burns, Amherst;
Frank E. luttredge, William E. Reed, Her-
bert L. Smith, George A. Bowers, Nashua;
Fred P. Claggett, Newport; Robert M.
Brooks, Emery M. Fitch, Wilham W. Cush-
man, Claremont; Charles H. Cutler, Karl S.
Keyes, Charles H. Harrington, F. G. Warner.
Peterborough; N. F. Cheever, Greenfield;
John Wheeler, D. H. Hallenbeck, Ezra C.
Chase, PljTiiouth; Jonathan M. Cheney,
Ashland; the late Fred S. Towle, John H.
Neal, John J. Berry, Edwin C. Blaisdell,
Arthur C. Heffenger, Portsmouth; C. S-
Copeland, Dudle}^ L. Stokes, Robert V.
Sweet, Forrest L. Keay, Rochester; Philip
H. Greeley, Farmington.

The members of the legal advisory boards
were Honoralales William A. Plummer,
Stephen S. Jewett, Oscar L. Young, Laconia;
Sewall W. Abbott, Wolfeboro; Arthur L.
Foote, Sanborn ville ; John C. L. Wood,
Conway; Charles H. Hersey, Joseph Mad-
den, Phihp H. Faulkner, Keene; J. Howard
Wight, George F. Rich, Berhn; Thomas F.
Johnson, Colebrook; Eri C. Oakes, Lan-
caster; Harry Bingham, Littleton; Ira A.
Chase, Bristol; Clarence E. Hil)bard, Leb-
anon; George B. French, Charles J. Ham-
blett, Alvin J. Lucier, Nashua; Ezra IVL
Smith, Peterborough; Harold D. Cheever,
Wilton; Ralph G. Smith, Hillsborough;

Robert J. Peaslee, David A. Taggart, Oliver
W. Branch, George I. Haselton, James A.
Broderick, Aime E. Boisvert, Oscar F. Mo-
reau, Cyprien J. Belanger, Ferdinand Farley,
Manchester; William H. Sawyer, Reuben
E. Walker, Harry F. Lake, Concord; Frank
N. Parsons, Franklin; Clarence E. Carr,
Andover; Almon F. Burbank, Suncook;
Edward H. Adams, All^ert R. Hatch, Ports-
mouth; John E. Young, Henry A. Shute,
Exeter; Edwin B. Weston, Derry; Samuel
D. Felker, Rochester; Sidney F. Stevens,

Dr. John M. Gile
Medical Aide to ttie Governor

Somersworth; Jesse IVL Barton, Newport;
Wilham E. Kinney, Francis W. Johnson,
Claremont .

All the draft work in New Hamp-
shire, whether by the local boards
or at headquarters, was so performed
as to win the approval of inspectors
sent from Washington and to receive
appreciative mention from the Provost
Marshal General. The absolute
fairness with which every decision
was made and the patience, per-
severance and attention to detail
of all concerned with the great task
went far towards making the work-
ings of the law so eminently success-
ful as thej' were.

The Granite Monthly

In preparing New Hampshire for
war Governor Keyes was aided
greatly by the enthusiastic and ab-
solutely unanimous cooperation of
the Legislature of 1917, led in this re-
spect by the standing committee of
the House on military affairs, made
up of Representatives McKay of
Manchester, Raiche of Manchester,

lation was enacted as the Governor
and his advisers thought might be
needed. How well they looked into
the future is seen from the fact that,
as Governor Keyes mentioned in his
valedictory message to the Legisla-
ture of 1919, no special session for
war purposes of the Legislature of
1917 was needed or even thought of.

Hon. Edmund Sullivan
Member of the Selective Service Board

Wright of Concord, Riley of Dover,
Challis of Manchester, Sanderson of
Portsmouth, Bergquist of Berlin, Shat-
tuck of Nashua, Munsey of Laconia,
Powell of Nashua, Letourneau of
Berlin, Home of Derry, Donnelly of
Manchester, Kidder of Rumney and
Keenan of Concord.

One million dollars was made avail-
able for military expenditures, of
which, however, but a third has been
used; a Military Emergency Board
was created; and such other legis-

As the Governor further pointed
out in that message, most of the ex-
penditures from the special war fvmd
have been for taking the votes at the
i-ecent election of soldiers absent
from the state; in giving aid to the
dependents of soldiers and sailors
from New Hampshire in the service
of their country; in enlarging and
improving the military camp ground at
the state capital ; and in creating and
maintaining a State Guard in place
of the federalized National Guard.

New Hampshire's War Workers

The original soldiers' aid commis-
sion consisted of the kite Montgomery
RolHns of Dover, who died while en-
gaged in the work; the late Arthur
W. LaFlamme of JManchester, who

Adjutant General Charles W. Howard

left the commission to train as an
aviator and while thus engaged was
stricken wdth illness and died; and
Dr. Marion L. Bugbee of Concord,
who resigned from the commission
to go to France for Red Cross work
there. Mr. LaFlamme was succeeded
bj' Mr. Randolph Branch of Man-
chester, who also resigned to enter
the army a little later. The present
commission is made up of Arthur
H. White, Esq., of Manchester,
Hon. John H. Field of Nashua and
Mrs. Gertrude Hall Sawyer of Dover.

Governor Keyes and the state
were very fortunate in securing for
the Military Emergency Board three
retired officers of the United States
Army, General Winfield Scott Ed-
gerly, General Elbert Wheeler and
Major Frank W. Russell, whose abil-
ity and devotion were of the highest
type.

Under their direction a New Hamp-
shire State Guard was formed which

has been and is today an efficient
organization ready for any emergency
and fiUing what might become at any
moment a very pressing need.

The present roster of the State
Guard is as follows;

Colonel Paul F. Bal)l)idge, Keene.

Lieutenant Colonel Aithur G. Shattuck,
Nashua.

Majors Treffle Raiche, Manchester, Frank
E. Rollins, Dover, Otis G. Hammond, Con-
cord, battalion commanders.

Major William H. Nute, Exeter, surgeon.

Captain Fred E. Howe, Keene, regimental
adjutant.

Captain John P. Flanagan, Keene, regi-
mental supply officer.

Captain Alonzo L. McKinlej-, Nashua,
inspector of small arms practice.

Col. Paul F. Babbidge

Captains Alpha H. Harriman, Harry M.
Morse, Nashua, Walter .\. Bartlett, Manches-
ter, assistant surgeons.

Captain Edward M. . Parker. Concord,
chaplain.

First Lieutenants Mederique R. Maynard,
Manchester, Sherwood Rollins, Dover, Alfred
J. McClure, Concord, battalion adjutants.

Headquarters Company, Manchester, First
Lieutenant WiUiam B. McKay.

The Granite Monthly

Supply Company, Keene, First Lieutenant
Clarence E. Stickney.

Machine Gim Company, Franklin, Captain
Frank T. Ripley, First Lieutenant Dana F.
Fellows, Second Lieutenant Alfred G. Thomp-
son.

First Battalion

Company A, Manchester, Captain Patrick

Second Battalion

Company E, Laconia, Captain Ross L.
Piper, First Lieutenant Clarence E. Rowe,
Second Lieutenant Robert F. Elliott.

Company F, Bristol, First Lieutenant
William H. Hill, Second Lieutenant Samuel
Ferguson.

Company G, Littleton, Captain John B.

Hon. John B. Jameson
Chairman of the New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety

H. O'Malley, First Lieutenant Arthur E.
"nnkham, Second Lieutenant Robert L.
Manning.

Company B, Manchester, Captain Edward
A. G. Smith, First Lieutenant John H. Irving,
Second Lieutenant William B. Lang. t

Company C, Manchester, Captain Ubald
Hebert, First Lieutenant Domicile M. Nolet,
Second Lieutenant Ernest Lesmerises.

Company D, Portsmouth, Captain Claude
P. Wyatt, First Lieutenant Harry M. S. Har-
low, Second Lieutenant Ira V. Shuttleworth.

Nute, First Lieutenant George H. VanNess,
Second Lieutenant Edgar O. Baker.

Company H, Berlin, Captain Herbert S.
Gregory, First Lieutenant George L. Atwood,
Second Lieutenant Harlan J. Cordwell.

Third Battalion

Company I, Claremont, Captain George I.
Putnam, First Lieutenant Fred W. Boardway,
Second Lieutenant Harry L. Hastings.

Company K, Keene, Captain Eugene M.
Keyes, First Lieutenant James P. Morse,
Second Lieutenant Winfield M. Chaplin.

New Hampshire's War Workers

Company L, Nashua, Captain Eufjene J.
Stanton, First Lieutenant Joseph D. Cone,
Second Lieutenant George E. Fifield.

Company M, Concord, Captain James J.
Quinn, First Lieutenant Roscoe C. Gay,
Second Lieutenant Michael H. Mulhgan.

The semi-official or unofficial war
work of the state, as distinguished

committee and state war historian,
gave an interesting and valuable
account of the genesis of the commit-
tee and its work up to that time under
the title, "New Hampshire Preparing
for War." No attempt was made in
that article to give any credit to,
individuals and it seems fitting that at

Es -Governor Rolland H. Spaulding
Vice-Chainnan New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety

from such strictly official work as
the furnishing of men, the formation
of the State Guard and the adminis-
tration of food, fuel and labor regula-
tions, was supervised, in the main,
and inspired and supported, largely
through the New Hampshire Com-
mittee on Public Safety, formed on
March 27, 1917.

In the issue of the Granite
Monthly for June, 1918, Professor
Richard W. Husband, secretary of the

this time there should be printed a
list of the members of the committee,
with their various assignments to
specific duties.

And in the first place it should be
said that the work of the full com-
mittee to a very great extent cen-
tered in, and was controlled, and in
many instances wholly done, by the
Executive Committee of which John
B. Jameson of Antrim was chairman;
former Governor Rolland H. Spauld-

The Granite Mojithiy

ing of North Rochester, vice-chair-
man, with these other members:
Clarence E. Carr, Andover; Arthur
M. Heard, Manchester; Roy D.
Hunter, West Claremont; Arthur B.
Jenks, Manchester; Bion L. Nutting,
Concord; James P. Richardson,
Hanover (the successor of Professor

Bass, Peterborough; Henn- B. Quinby,
Lakeport; Charles M. Floyd, Manchester;
Nahum J. Bachelder, Andover; Harry W.
Spaulding, Manchester; James B. Crowley,
Nashua; Nathaniel W. Hobbs, Concord;
Fred N. Beckwith, Dover; Samuel T. Ladd,
Portsmouth; George F. Rich, Berlin; George
H. Eames, Jr., Keene; Clarence E. Rowe,

Gen. Frank S. Streeter
President of the New Hampshire Defense League

Harlow E. Person and Professor Frank
H. Dixon, who were called to Washing-
ton for war work there) ; Frank S.
Streeter, Concord; Lester F. Thurber,
Nashua. Secretary Husband was
assisted by Joseph W. Worthen, Esq.,
of Concord as assistant secretary, and
General Harr^^ H. Dudley of Concord
as treasurer.

The full membership of the com-
mittee was as follows:

Rolland H. Spaulding, North Rochester;
Samuel D. Felker, Rochester; Robert P.

Laconia; J. Levi Meader, Rochester; Fred
H. Brown, Somersworth; A. A. Beaton,
Franklin; J. Wesley Adams, Derry; Jesse
M. Barton, Newport; George W. Barnes,
Lyme; Frank U. Bell, Lebanon; Ernest L.
Bell, Plymouth; Samuel K. Bell, Exeter;
J. A. Bernier, Manchester; James F.. Breh-
nan, Peterborough; Orton B. Brown, Berlin;
Sherman E. Burroughs, Manchester; Clar-
ence E. Carr, Andover; Winthrop L. Carter,
Nashua; Edward H. Catlin, Hill; William
D. Chandler, Concord; Winston Churchill,
Cornish; Arthur E. Clarke, Manchester:

New Hampshire's War Workers

Richard A. Cooney, Portsmouth; W. C.
Coughlin, Keene; George E. Cummings,
Woodsville; Samuel S. Drurj', Concord;
Bertram Ellis, Keene; Charles S. Emerson,
Milford; Fred W. Estabrook, Nashua; Wal-
ter B. Farmer, Hampton Falls; George J.
Foster, Dover; Edward J. Gallagher, Con-
cord; John M. Gile, Hanover; John G. M.
Glessner, Bethlehem; Frank W. Hamlin,
Charlestown; Fernando W. Hartford, Ports-
mouth; Arthur M. Heard, Manchester;
George E. Henry, Lincoln; Allen Hollis,
Concord; Ernest M. Hopkins, Hanover;
George T. Hughes, Dover; Roj' D. Hunter,
West Claremont; Frank Huntress, Keene;
John C. Hutchins, North Stratford; John B.
Jameson, Antrim; Shirley iM. Johnson,
Goffstown; Edwin E. Jones, Colebrook; A.
B. Jenks, Manchester; Frank Knox, Man-
chester; Earl C. Lane, Berlin; George B.
Leighton, Dublin; WilUam Marcotte, Man-
chester; Willis McDuffee, Rochester; Ly-
ford A. Merrow, Ossipee; WiUiam R.
Mooney, Nashua; Walter A. Morgan, Dover;
Arthur P. Morrill, Concord; Herbert B.
Moult on, Lisbon; Robert C. Murchie, Con-
cord; J. B. Murdock, Portsmouth; David
E. Murphy, Concord; Francis P. Murphy,
Newport; True L. Norris, Portsmouth; Bion
L. Nutting, Concord; Ralph D. Paine, Dur-
ham; Frank N. Parsons, Franklin; Edward
N. Pearson, Concord; Harlow S. Person,
Hanover; C. H. Pettee, Durham; Arthur J.
Pierce, Bennington; E. Bertram Pike, Pike;
Rosecrans W. Pillsbury, Londonderry; A. J.
Precourt, Manchester; James W. Reniick,
Concord; the late Montgomerj^ Rollins,
Dover; L. H. Shattuck, Manchester; Hovey
E. Slayton, Manchester; J. Brodie Smith,
Manchester; W. Parker Straw, Manchester;
Frank S. Streeter, Concord; Frank J. Sul-
loway. Concord; P. H. Sullivan, ]\Lanchester;
WiUiam H. Sweeney, Laconia; Omar L.
Swenson, Concord; Marcel Theriault,
Nashua; Lester F. Thurber, Nashua; Charles
E. Tilton, Tilton; Henry B. Tilton, Ports-
mouth; Omar A. To\\Tie, Franklin; J. D.
Upham, Claremont; J. A. Vaillancourt,
Berlin; Thomas R. Varick, Manchester;
George A. Wagner, Manchester; Burtt E.
Warren, Nashua; Elbert Wheeler, Nashua;
David M. White, Lancaster; Gordon Wood-
bury, Bedford.

Sub-committees of the full committee were
named as follows:

Emergency Food Production Committee:
Huntley N. Spaulding, North Rochester,
chairman; Ralph D. Hetzel, Durham,
executive manager; Andrew L. Felker, Con-
cord; Fred A. Rogers, Plainfield; George
M. Putnam, Hopkinton; George H. Whitcher,
Concord.

Recruiting: A. B. Jenks, Manchester,
chairman; Richard A. Cooney, Portsmouth,
vice-chairman; Joseph B. Murdock, Ports-
mouth. Rockingham County, Norman H.
Bean, Portsmouth; Strafford County, James
S. Chamberlin, Durham; Carroll County,
William N. Rogers, Sanborn ville; Belknap
County, Fletcher Hale, Laconia; Merrimack
County, Frank P. Ripley, Franklin; Hills-
borough County, Robert P. Johnston, Man-
chester; Cheshire County, Paul F. Babbidge,
Keene; Sullivan County, Henry S. Richard-
son, Claremont; Grafton County, Frank U.
Bell, Lebanon; Coos County, J. A. Vaillan-
court, Berlin.

Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation: John
M. Gile, M. D., Hanover, chairman; Ernest
L. Bell, M. D., Plymouth; E. C. Blaisdell,
D. D. S., Portsmouth; George A. Bowers,
D. D. S., Nashua; Damase Caron, M. D.,
Manchester; H. K. Faulkner, M. D., Keene;
John H. Gleason, M. D., Manchester; J. B.
Hammond, D. D. S., Somersworth; Edwin
P. Hodgdon, M. D., Laconia; Edwin E.
Jones, M. D., Colebrook; Howard N. Kings-
ford, M. D., Hanover; Frank E. Kittredge,
M. D., Nashua; Thomas W. Luce, M. D.,
Portsmouth; George W. McGregor, M. D.,
Littleton; Carleton R. Metcalf, M. D., Con-
cord; Abraham W. Mitchell, M. D., Epping;
Sibley G. Morrill, M. D., Concord; Daniel

C. Norton, M. D., Manchester; A. Wilfred
Petit, M. D., Nashua; Andrew J. Sawyer,

D. D. S., Manchester; Henry L. Smith,
M. D., Nashua; A. Gale Straw, M. D., Man-
chester; Fred S. Towle, M. D., Portsmouth,
Samuel R. Upham, M. D., Claremont; Clar-
ence P. Webster, D. D. S., Franklin; James
B. Woodman, M. D., Franklin; William A.
Young, D. D. S., Concord.

Emergency Help and Equipment: Louis
H. Shattuck, Manchester, chairman; Orton
B. Brown, Berlin, vice-chairman; Irvmg
W. Brown, North Hampton; W. A. A. Cul-
len, Portsmouth; Perry H. Dow, Manchester;

The Granite Monthly

Whitfield A. Erb, Nashua; Leonard J. Far-
rell, Manchester; Dionesus Gillis, Berlin;
John Frank Goodwin, Wolfeboro; George
E. Henry, Lincoln; Charles A. Holden, Han-
over; John C. Hutchins, North Stratford;
Samuel F. Langdell, Manchester; Ralph C.
Marden, Manchester; Wilbur L. Marshall,
Colebrook; Horace E. Osgood, Nashua;

L. Priddy, Hanover; D. Sidney Rollins, New-
port; J. Brodie Smith, Manchester; Her-
bert Sullivan, Berlin; Henry B. Tilton,
Portsmouth; William E. Whitney, Sunapee;
Eben M. Willis, Concord.

Transportation: Hovey E. Slayton, Man-
chester, chairman (succeeded by William C.
Spear); Frank H. Dixon, Hanover; Rufus N.

Hon. Clarence E. Carr
Executive Committee, New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety

Joel F. Sheppard, Dover; William F. Sul-
livan, Nashua; Omar S. Swenson, Concord;
George L. Theobald, Concord; Cassius M.
White, Keene.

Industrial Survey: Frank H. Dixon, Han-
over, chairman; John T. Amey, Lancaster;
Richard A. Brown, Concord; James F. Cav-
anaugh, Manchester; Guy E. Chesley,
Rochester; Albert L. Clough, Manchester;
Herbert L. Flather, Nashua; Thomas W.
Fry, Claremont; William R. Gray, Hanover;
Roscoe S. Milliken, Nashua; Thomas Officer,
Claremont; R. H. Porter, Durham; Allan

Elwell, Exeter; William H. Folsom, Exeter;
Elwin C. Foster, Manchester; J. W. Gold-
thwait, Hanover; Thomas J. Guay, Laconia;
Fred P. Learned, Woodsville; William R.
Mooney, Concord; Henry C. Robinson,
Concord; J. Duncan Upham, Claremont.

Finance: Lester F. Thurber, Nashua,
chairman, John K. Bates, Portsmouth;
Bernard Q. Bond, Rochester; Frank P.
Carpenter, Manchester; Irving W. Drew,
Lancaster; George A. Fairbanks, Newport;
Josiah E. Fernald, Concord; David A. Gregg,
Nashua; William F. Harrington, Manches-

New Hampshire'' s War Workers

ter; Edmund Little, Laconia; Wallace L.
Mason, Keene; Walter M. Parker, Manches-
ter; Albert J. Precourt, Manchester; Henry
E. Richardson, Littleton; Abraham M.
Stahl, Berlin; Roger G. Sullivan, Manches-
ter; Alvah W. SuUoway, Franklin; George
A. Tenney, Claremont; Fred P. Weeks,
Plymouth; Arthur G. Whittemore, Dover.

William H. Bellows, Littleton; Cyrille Bro-
deur, Nashua; Albert O. Brown, Man-
chester; Harold W. Brown, Dover; George
A. Carpenter, Wolfeboro; John Conway,
Manchester; John B. Gilbert, Berlin; John
G. AL Glessner, Bethlehem; James W. Hill,
Manchester; WiUiam F. Knight, Laconia;
Woodbury Langdon, Portsmouth; Herbert

Mr. Arthur Head
Executive Committee, New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety

Coordination of Aid Societies: Ernest
M. Hopkins, Hanover, chairman; J. E.
Bemier, Manchester; Harry E. Burton,
Hanover; Arthur T. Cass, Tilton; Stephen
S. Jewett, Laconia; Henri T. Ledoux, Nashua;
J. C. Mandelson, Nashua; John R. McLane,
Manchester; Edward N. Pearson, Concord;
Lewis Perry, Exeter; William H. Riley,
Concord; Leslie P. Snow, Rochester; Patrick
H. Sullivan, Manchester; Frank J. Sulloway,
Concord; George H. Turner, Bethlehem;
Jerry P. Wellman, Keene.

Aid for Dependents of Soldiers and Sailors:

B. Moulton, Lisbon; David E. Murphy,
Concord; Ralph D. Paine, Durham; Walter
R. Porter, Keene; Frank W. Sargeant, Man-
chester; John F. Stark, Nashua; Charles
W. Stevens, Nashua; George B. Upham,
Claremont; James A. Wellman, Manchester;
John R. Willis, Manchester.

Military Equipment and Supplies: Wil-
liam Parker Straw, Manchester, chairman;
James F. Brennan, Peterborough; Harry H.
Blunt, Nashua; John J. Colony, Keene;
Lewis Dexter, Manchester; Herman E.
Feineman, Rochester; Henry H. Knapp,

The Granite Monthly

Laconia; Francis P. Murphy, Newport;
Clinton E. Parker, Concord; Thomas G.
Plant, Moultonborough; Ralph D. Reed, Man-
chester; Richard W. Sulloway, Franklin;
William C. Swallow, Manchester; George
E. Trudel, Manchester.

Aviation: Thomas R. Varick, Manchester,
chairman ; Charles W. Aiken, Franklin ; Frank
E. Anderson, Nashua ; Robert P. Bass, Peter-
borough; Norwin S. Bean, Manchester;
Samuel K. Bell, Exeter; William R. Brown,
Berlin; Charles L. Jackman, Concord; Philip
C. Lockwood, Manchester; William H.Moses,
Tilton; Calvin Page, Portsmouth; Eugene
Quirin, Manchester; John Scammon, Exeter;
Louis E. Shipman, Plain field; George F.
Thurber, Nashua; Charles E. Tilton, Tilton.

Mobilization and Concentration Camps:
Jason E. Tolles, Nashua, chairman; Daniel
J. Daley, Berlin; Jeremiah J. Doyle, Nashua;
Ralph F. Hough, Lebanon; Edgar H. Hun-
ter, Hanover; Arthur J. Moreau, Manchester;
Eugene P. Nute, Farmington; Edward J.
Rossiter, Claremont; Edward K. Wood-
worth, Concord.

Naval: Joseph B. Murdock, Portsmouth,
chairman; William D. Chandler, Concord;
Winston Churchill, Cornish; George P.
Crafts, Manchester; Lewis W. Crockett,
Manchester; Fernando W. Hartford, Ports-
mouth; Frank Knox, Manchester; Robert
L. Manning, Manchester; George D. Mayo,
Laconia; Irving G. Rowell, Sunapee; Thomas
R. Varick, Manchester.

State Protection : Elbert Wheeler, Nashua,
chairman; Charles M. Floyd, Manchester,
vice-chairman; Walter G. Africa, Man-
chester; Edwin J. Bartlett, Hanover; Wil-
liam B. Burpee, Manchester; Edward H.
Cathn, Hill; Harry B. Cilley, Manchester;
Thomas F. Dwyer, Lebanon; Charles S.
Emerson, Milford; Irving S. Goodwin,
Nashua; Frank W. Hamlin, Charlestown;
Michael J. Healey, Manchester; Allen Hol-
lis, Concord; Earl C. Lane, Berlin; William
E. Marvin, Portsmouth; James H. Mendell,
Manchester; Lyford A. Merrow, Ossipee; ,
Joseph E. Mooney, Manchester; Arthur P.
Morrill, Concord; Arthur J. Pierce, Benning-
ton; James W. Remick, Concord; Merrill
Shurtleff, Lancaster; Ralph W. Smith,
Keene; William J. Starr, Manchester; Ed-
mund Sullivan, Berlin; Charles W. Tobey,
Manchester.

Research: Charles E. Hewitt, Durham,
chairman; Gordon F. Hull, Hanover; Vasco

E. Nunez, Nashua.

Speakers' Bureau: The late Edwin F.
Jones, Manchester, chairman; Harry J.
Brown, Concord, vice-chairman; Andrew
L. Felker, Concord; Harry F. Lake, Concord;
Arthur P. Morrill, Concord; Gov. Henry
W. Keyes, North Haverhill; J. Wesley
Adams, Derry; E. W. Butterfield, Concord;
Winthrop L. Carter, Nashua; Richard A
Cooney, Portsmouth; John S. B. Davie,
Concord; Charles M. Floyd, Manchester;
Perley A. Foster, Concord; Ralph D. Hetzel,
Durham; Arthur B. Jenks, Manchester;
William Marcotte, Manchester; Huntley N.
Spaulding, North Rochester; P. H. Sullivan,
Manchester; Mrs. Mary I. Wood, Ports-
mouth; Elwin L. Page, Concord, secretary.

Americanization: Frank S. Streeter, Con-
cord, chairman; E. W. Butterfield, Concord;
Richard A. Cooney, Portsmouth; Mrs. R. W.
Husband, Concord; Harriet L. Huntress,
Concord; Henri T. Ledoux, Nashua; Ed-
ward M. Parker, Concord; F. W. Rahmanopp,
Berlin; Winfield L. Shaw, Manchester; Wil-
liam C. Swallow, Manchester; Erville B.
Woods, Hanover; Ralph C. Fitts, Man-
chester, secretary; Maro S. Brooks, execu-
tive secretary.

New Hampshire Division, Woman's Com-
mittee, Council of National Defense (Aux-
iliary Committee): Mrs. Mary I. Wood,
Portsmouth, chairman; Miss Anne Hobbs,
Concord, vice-chairman; Mrs. Albertus
T. Dudley, Exeter, secretary; Mrs. Susan
C. Bancroft, Concord, treasurer; Mrs.
Wesley Adams, Derry; Mrs. O. B. Brown,
Berlin; Mrs. Alpha H. Harriman, Laconia;
Miss Harriet L. Huntress, Concord; Mrs.
Richard W. Husband, Concord; Mrs. Geoi^e

F. Morris, Lancaster; Mrs. David E. Mur-
phy, Concord; Mrs. William H. Schofield,
Peterborough; Mrs. George D. Towne, Man-
chester.

Four Minute Men: Louis E. Shipman,
Plainfield, chairman.

Chairman of Special War Activities:
Huntley N. Spaulding, North Ro'chester,
Federal Food Administrator; Charles M.
Floyd, Manchester, Federal Fuel Adminis-
trator; Rolland H. Spaulding, North Roches-
ter, chairman Second Red Cross War
Fund: Allen Hollis, Concord, state director

New Hampshire's War Workers

National War Savings Committee; Charles
W. Tobey, Manchester, chairman Liberty
Loan Committee.

The scope of the activities of most
of these sub-committees is indicated
by their titles and has been outlined
by Professor Husband in tlie article
referred to as previously pul^lished.

fense) a rneetinsji; was called at Con-
cord of all the heads of women's
organizations in the state. This
meeting was called by Miss Anne
Hobbs, and a permanent organiza-
tion of New Hamjxshire women was
effected imder the title of the New
Hampshire Division of the Women's

h '^^H

i H
i

■i^l

Mrs. Mary I. Wood
Chairman of Women's War Work in New Hampshire

Their work will be described to such
extent as space allows in futvu'e ar-
ticles of this series.

But without further delay tribute
must be paid to the work which the
women of New Hampshire accom-
plished during the period of the war,
a splendid achievement deserving
the fullest possible description and
appreciation. In brief, in June, 1917,
in response to a communication from
Washington (from the Women's Com-
mittee of the Council of National De-

Committee of the Council of National
Defense, and with these officers:

Executive Committee: Chairman, Mr3.
Mary I. Wood, Portsmouth, Food Conserva-
tion; vice-chairman, Miss Anne W. Hobbs,
Concord, Women in Industry, Traveler's Aid;
secretary, Mrs. A. T. Dudley, Exeter, Ed-
ucational Propaganda; treasurer, Mrs. Charles
P. Bancroft, Concord, Extension of Nursing
Service; Mrs. Wesley Adams, Derry, Co-
operation with the Grange; Mrs. O. B. Brown,
Berlin; Mrs. A. H. Harriman, Laconia;
Cooperation with Women's' Clubs and Parent-

100

The Granite Monthly

Teachers" Association; Miss Harriet L.
Huntress, Concord, Americanization; Mrs.
Richard W. Husband, Concord, Social Service;
Mrs. George F. Morris, Lancaster, Child
Welfare: Mrs. David E. Murphy, Concord,
Commercial Economy; Mrs. W. H. Schofield,
Peterborough, Liberty Loan; Courses of In-
struction; Mrs. George D. Towne, chairman
Manchester Unit.

Honorary Vice-Chairmen: Mrs. Henry W.
Keyes, Mrs. Frank S. Streeter, Mrs. John
B. Jameson, Mrs. Huntley N. Spaulding.

District Chairmen: Berlin, Mrs. Howard
Parker; Claremont, Mrs. Harmon Newell.
Concord, Miss E. Gertrude Dickerman;
Conway, Mrs. Mary H. Shedd, North Con-
way; Derry, Mrs. Frederick J. Shepard,
East Derry; Dover, Dr. Inez F. Nason;
Exeter, Miss Ellen L. Went worth; Frank-
lin, Mrs. Frederick H. Daniell; Hillsborough,
Miss Susan H. Pierce; Keene, Mrs. Herbert
B. Viall, 129 Court Street; Laconia, Miss
Claribel Clark, 1106 Union Avenue, Lake-
port; Lancaster, Mrs. Merrill Shurtleff;
Lebanon, Mrs. Eugene J. Grow; Lisbon, Mrs.
Vida S. Webb; Manchester, Mrs. Theodore
M. Hyde, 198 Pearl Street; Milford, Mrs.
William B. Rotch; Nashua, Mrs. George A.
Underbill, 5 Beard Street; Newport, Mrs.
Frank A. Sibley; Peterborough, Mrs. Thomas
A. Liscord; Plymouth, Mrs. Charles B.
Henry, Lincoln; Portsmouth, Miss Martha
S. Kimball; Rochester, Mrs. J. J. Abbott;
Woodsville, Mrs. Norman J. Page.

The Women's Committee was ac-
cepted as an Auxiliary Committee
by the Committee of Piibhc Safety
by whom the necessary expenses of
the committee were defrayed.

The method recommended by the
National Committee was carried out
to the letter in our state and a tem-
porary chairman was appointed in
each town who called together the
heads of all the women's organiza-
tions in the town and that group
elected the permanent chairman.
The organization soon became as
complete and efficient as that of any
other state, the only possible rival
which New Hampshire had being
Illinois, and that only because Illinois
had a more difficult piece of work
n organizing on account of her' size,

the percentage of towns organized
being slightly below that in our own
state.

The very efficient and devoted
chairman, Mrs. Wood, says in a letter
to the compiler of this article :

"The work accomplished by Mrs.
Husband in connection with the Home
Service of the Red Cross has been
state wide and valuable. The work
of Mrs. Schofield for the Liberty
Loan is, I believe, unexcelled by that
of the women of any state. Under
her second committee, some very com-
mendable work has been done under
the leadership of Miss Elizabeth
Sawyer of Dover in placing young
women on farms (work which is some-
what similar in nature to the Women's
Land Army) . The work of Miss Hun-
tress as a member of the Committee
on Americanization has been worthy
of most favorable comment.

"A state wide survey, including the
weighing and measuring of all children
under school age, has been undertaken
by the committee, under the direction
of Mrs. George Morris of Lancaster;
this has already borne fruit in the
increased interest of the mothers in
the health of the children, and it is
to he hoped that a wide use of the
public health nursing system will be a
lasting result of this child-welfare
work. Under Mrs. Bancroft has been
the work done by the committee in
recruiting nurses for both long and
short term courses.

"I should not feel justified in clos-
ing this letter if I did not bear witness
to the splendid work which the women
of the various units (town organiza-
tions) have done in the house-to-
house canvass which they have carried
on whenever asked to do so. They
have been the active agents of the
Liberty Loan organization, the Red
Cross drives, the War Savings cam-
paigns, the Child Welfare work, and
many minor activities. Especially
do I wish to testify to their splendid
support in the work of the Federal
Food Administration in New Hamp-
shire. Through their splendid organ-

New Hampshire's War Workers

101

ization. which apportioned each fam-
ily in the state to the especial care of
some leader, the Hoover lessons were
distributed to each family during the
fall and winter of 1917-18; the Hoover
Pledge Cards were also circulated
and the Home Cards of the Food Ad-
ministration were given to each fam-
ily and, later on, the flour and sugar
survey of the homes of the entire
state was taken. In every instance
the response was ready and the result
most satisfactory ancl the work was
done at the cost of great personal
sacrifice.

"This account does not in any way
chronicle the work of the various
Red Cross chapters which show in-
defatigable work on the part of the
women in making socks, sweaters,
surgical dressings, etc. Nor does it
mention the work of the clubwomen
who have made possible the Hostess
House at Durham and the sending of
at least one Y. AI. C. A. canteen worker
to France; nor the work of the Na-
tional Civic Federation nor of the
Naval League, nor the outfitting of a
battleship's crew with knitted articles
(under the leadership of Mrs. Jean-
ette Gallinger).

"It should mention, however, the
splendid work of recruiting Y. M.
C. A. canteen workers under a special
committee of which I was nominal
head but the credit for which should
be given to Airs. George Q. Pattee
of Portsmouth, who was the execu-
tive chairman and proved herself
invaluable in this service.

"I am afraid that I have omitted
some to whom I should give credit.
Each member of the Women's Com-
mittee deserves all the good things
which you can say of them. The
service and the record of attendance
of Airs. Dudley as secretary of the
committee, the good work which
each woman put into her task, these
are things which I should be sorr\^ to
overlook.

"The Women's Committee needs
also to acknowledge the courtesy and
assistance received at all times from

Governor Keyes, from Air. Jameson,
the chairman of the Committee on
Public Safety, from Mr. Husband,
the efficient secretary of the ('ommit-
tee on Public Safety, from the hon-
orary vice-presidents, Mmes. Streeter,
Keyes, Jameson and Spaulding. Es-
pecially do I, as chairman of the com-
mittee, wish to acknowledge the great
help and encouragement which I have
received as home-economics director
of the Federal Food Administration
in New Hampshire, from Mr. Hunt-

Lieut W. L. Carter

Of the Committee of One Hundred and Selective
Service Board

ley N. Spaulding, federal food ad-
ministrator. If it had not been for
the assistance rendered by Air.
Spaulding, it would not have been
possible for the state to have been so
early organized nor would the state
have received such favorable comment
from the authorities in Washington.
Not only did we receive from him
every possible assistance in our work
of organization but we were given
credit for everything which we were
able to accomplish. That we have
made good is due very largely to the

i02 The Granite Monthly

faqt that the splendid patriotism of shire in their response to their coun-

the women of New Hampshire was try's need."

„ sustained by the loyal backing of the Editor's Note. This is the first of a

\ I men in authority. Let me close series of articles upon the war work and war

this letter by saying the same thing workers of New Hampshire. The second

with which I began: I am very proud will appear in an early issue of the maga-

of the splendid women of New Hamp- zine.

A LEAGUE OF NATIONS

By Loren Webster

O welcome a league of the nations,
The only sure warrant of peace,

The crown of the world's expectations,
From war's tribulations release.

It proclaims that all hiuuans are brothers;

That God is the Father of all;
That ours are the interests of others;

That others will hark to our call.

The body, though one, hath its members.
Each serving itself and the whole:

And Junes cannot say to Decembers,
"Men need not the heat of the coal."

Even so with the bod}^ of nations;

Each hath its relations to all;
And all must fulfill these relations,
Or civilization will fall.
Holderness, N. H.

SONNET TO EUTERPE

(Muse of Lyric Poetry)

By Louise Patterson Guyol

Fair goddess, robed in dreams and azure-eyed,
Your silver flute-notes call me from afar,
You beckon in the light of every star,
You whisper in the rushing of the tide.
By purple peak and prairie green and wide
You pass, the wind your steed, a cloud your car,
Where never feet but mine the woodlands mar,
Among the fresh untrodden flowers you hide.
When I pursue, you flee with laughter light,
Your song eludes mine eager listening ear;
But when I feel how little is my might.
When heavy is my heart, then you draw near;
You stand before me radiant in the night,
And wake my soul with music strange and clear.
Concord, N^. H.

OFFICIAL NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1919 1920

III

The House of Representatives: Tlie Chairnion of Its Committees

By Harlan C. Pearson

Much interest attached to the or-
oanization of the New Hampshire
House of Representatives of 1919 be-
cause of a contest for the Repubhcan
nomination of a cantUdate for Speaker,
such nomination being equivalent
to an election under existino- condi-
tions. The gentlemen seeking this
nomination were Charles W. Tobey
of Temple, who had been a prominent
member of the Legislature of 1915
and of the Constitutional Convention
of 1918, and Charles W. Varney of
Rochester, a member of the Execu-
tive Council of Governor Henry W.
Keyes, and with a record of previous
service in both branches of the Legis-
lature. Mr. Varney was not a candi-
date for election to the House in
November but upon the death of
Representative Bradley F. Parsons
of Ward Six, Rochester, the Councilor
was chosen at a special election to fill
the vacancy. He then became a
candidate for the Speakership, for
which his wide experience had amply
qualified him, but the result of the
ballot in the Republican caucus on
the evening of December 31, 1918,
proved the truth of Mr. Tobey's
statement made some time before that
a majority of the Republican mem-
bers-elect were pledged to his support.
Mr. Tobe}' was nominated in the
Repubhcan caucus and on the follow-
ing dav was chosen Speaker, receiving
239 votes to 135 for William N.
Rogers of Wakefield, Democrat.

In assuming the office to which he
had been chosen Speaker Tobey
addressed liriefly the members of the
House, emphasizing the importance
of the problems, on the lines of after
the war reconstruction and otherwise,
which this Legislature would be

called upon to solve, and urging study
of the facts and principles involved,
and prompt, but not hasty action
thereon. To this end the Speaker
himself has worked constantly and
successfully. As a presiding officer
he is competent, courteous, accurate
and alert, entirely impartial, and
evidently guided solely by a desire
to expedite the wise transaction of
the state's business. He has won
the esteem, affection and admiration
of all the varied elements represented
in the House membership and proved
himself a worthy addition to the
long and distinguished line of Speakers
of the New Hampshire Legislature.
Charles Willdam Tobev was born
in Roxbury, Mass., July 22, 1880,
the son of WilUam A. and Ellen H.
(Parker) Tobey. He was educated
at the Roxbury Latin School and
engaged in banking in Boston until
1903 when he came to New Hamp-
shire and purchased a farm in Temple,
where he engaged extensively in
poultry raising. Temple continues
to be Mr. Tobey's legal residence,
but for the past two years he has been
engaged in the investment banking
business in Manchester. Mr. Tobey
has been chairman of the Board of
Selectmen and School Board of
Temple and represented the town in
the Legislature of 1915 and the Con-
stitutional Convention of 1918, as
well as in the present House. He is
a member of the Patrons of Husban-
dry at Temple and a director of the
Rotary Club of Manchester. Mr.
Tobey was prominent in the Pro-
gressive party movement in New
Hampshire and was one of the most
active and influential members of
the House of 1915, but he has been

CHARLES WILLIAM TOBEY
Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representarives

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

105

best known throiip;hout the state by
his magnificent work as chairman of
the New Hampshire Liberty Loan
Committee. He married June 4,
1902, Franceha M. Lovctt of Rox-
bury, Mass., and they have two sons
and two daughters.

The first and one of the most
important tasks devolving upon the
Speaker is the appointment of the
standing committees of the House.
Upon their make-up and especially
upon the choice of their chairmen
largely depends the efficiency and
smooth working of the legislative
machinery. The wisdom of Speaker
Tobey's selection of these committee
heads may be judged from the brief
sketches herewith presented of the
various House committee chairmen.

Representative John H. Smith of
Atkinson, chairman of the Committee
on Agriculture, and also of the
Farmers' Council of the Legislature,
quahfies for those positions by a life-
time of experience on the farm and
also by his prominence in the agri-
cultural order, the Patrons of Hus-
bandry. He has served in the House
before, at the session of 1893, and
has a wide acquaintance throughout
the state. Mr. Smith was born in
Salem, this state, August 24, 1854,
and was educated in the public
schools. To the business of a farmer
he has added that of a lumberman
and is an extensive owner of real
estate in Rockingham county. For
twenty years a justice of the peace,
Mr. Smith has held the various
town offices, including that of chair-
man of the Board of Selectmen for
nine years. He belongs to the
Masons and to the Jr. 0. U. A. M.,
as well as to the Grange, and attends
the Congregational Church. He is
a widower and has one daughter, the
wife of Rev. Roger F. Etz, whose
husband is now engaged in Y. M. C. A
war work in France, and one grand-
daughter, Miss Dorothy Etz.

Representative Frank A. Dockham,
one of the two members from Ward
Four, Manchester, honored with a
chairmanship, that of the Committee
on Agricultural College, is one of the
veterans of the House, having been
a member thirty years ago, at the
session of 1889, this election having
followed his service in both branches
of the Manchester city government.
After a quarter of a centur}^ interval
Mr. Dockham came back to the
capitol in 1915, and was reelected,
for the session of 1917 and again for
that of 1919. In 1917 he was the
third man on the Agricultural College
Committee and as neither of the two
men above him in Une came back
to this House his appointment as
chairman was logical and deserved.
Mr. Dockham was born at Pittsfield,
October 24, 1853, and educated at
Gilmanton Academy. He is engaged
in the real estate and insurance
business, is a prominent Mason and
belongs to the Odd Fellows and
Amoskeag Veterans.

The oldest member of this legisla-
ture, as he has been of many others,
in point of service, is the veteran
chairman of the Committee on
Appropriations, Colonel James E.
French of Moultonboro, New Hamp-
shire's "watch dog of the treasury."
A member of the House of Repre-
sentatives at fourteen sessions and of
the state Senate at one, Mr. French
has been more times the chairman
of an important committee. Rail-
roads at first. Appropriations of late
years, than any other man in the
legislative history of the. state.
Moderator and town treasurer for
forty years, for a long time post-
master, he has held, also, many more
important offices, such as collector
of internal revenue, state railroad
commissioner, etc., and has gained
the title of Colonel by service on a
Governor's staff. Mr. French was
born in Tuftonboro, February 27,
1845, in the eighth generation from

106

The Granite Monthly

Edward French, who came from
England to Salisbury, Mass., in 1637.
He was educated in the town schools
and at Tilton Seminary; is a Mason,
Knight Templar and Patron of Hus-
bandry; and attends the Methodist
Church. The credit for keeping the
state debt down to its present reason-
able proportions belongs to the voters

and directs considerable attention to
the gentleman so honored, Fred
Hubbard Enghsh of Littleton, in
this particular case. It is the chair-
manship of the Committee on Banks
which Mr. English received at Speaker
Tobey's hands and all through the
North Country Republicans and
Democrats alike will agree that he

Hon. James E. French

of Moultonboro because of their
wisdom in returning Colonel French
to the House, session after session,
ancl doubtless they appreciate that
fact.

, We are still partisan enough in our
politics so that when a Republican
speaker appoints a Democratic
member — and a new member at
that — to an important chairmanship,
the occurrence causes some comment,

deserved it because of his business
ability and experience. Born at
Hartland, Vt., January 8, 1857, the
son of John W. and Melissa (Hubbard)
English, he was educated at the
Littleton High School and in that
town engaged in the grocery business
for forty years, recently retiring.
He is vice-president and director of
the Littleton National Bank;
director of the Littleton Shoe Com-
pany and secretary of the Littleton

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

107

Musical Association; and has served
on the town Board of Heahh and
Board of Education. He is a 32nd
degree jMason and past commander

Hon. Fred H. English

of St. Gerard Commandery, K. T.,
and attends the Congregational
Church. July 31, 1882, he married
Claribel Richardson of Littleton.

Chairman Rufus H. Bailej^ of the
Committee on Claims represents in
the Legislature for the second suc-
cessive term the town of Windham,
where he was born, September 29,
1858, and educated. His fellow
citizens have shown their confidence
in him further by making him chair-
man of the Board of Selectmen and
trustee of the Town Trust Funds.
He is a contractor and carpenter by
business and belongs to the Patrons
of Husbandry. A widower, he has
six children, two of his sons having
been enlisted in the United States
Armv for the recent war.

Six years' service as commissioner
of Cheshire county form one of the
qualifications of Representative Frank
E, Nesmith of Surry for the chair-
manship of the Committee on County
Affairs. Mr. Nesmith is one of a
group of men in this Legislature who
have come back to the eapitol after
a considerable interval, his previous
service in the House having been in
1893. Mr. Nesmith is a native of
Merrimack, born June 4, 1852, and
is a farmer and dealer in real estate.
Few of his fellow members can equal
his record of nineteen years' service
as selectman and he has been towm
treasurer, also. In religious belief he
is a Congregationalist.

One of the men whom the experts
picked for prominence in the present
Legislature as soon as the election
results of last November were known
was Thomas Wilder Fry of Clare-
mont, whom the Speaker has made
chairman of the Committee on Edu-
cation, a committee of especial
importance at this session in view of
the demand for changes in our school
system, and has placed, also, upon
the Committee on Appropriations.
Mr. Fry, who is the secretary' of the
Sullivan Machinery Company, one
of New Hampshire's great and grow-
ing industries, was born in Brooklyn,
N. Y., September 23, 1863, and was
educated in the pubhc schools of
Chicago and at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Boston, class
of 1885. He served in the House of
Representatives of 1909 and has been
a member of the Board of Health,
president of the Board of Trade and
local fuel administrator at Claremont.
He is a Mason, a member of the
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers and of the Claremont
Country Club.

Representative Harold M. Smith
of Ward Four, Portsmouth, has the
honor, unusual for a young member
and a new member, of being chairman

108

The Granite Monthly

of a committee, that on Elections,
and of serving, also, on the most
important committee of all, that on
Judiciary. Born in Barrington,
September 1, 1887, Mr. Smith pre-
pared at Coe's Academy, North wood,

Hon. Harold M. Smith

for Bowdoin College, where he grad-
uated in 1909 with the degree of
A.B. and pursued his subsequent
professional studies at the Harvard
Law School. He is a member of the
New Hampshire Bar, having practised
his profession in Rochester and
Portsmouth; of the Masonic frater-
nity; of the Warwick Club, Ports-
mouth; of the Portsmouth Golf
Club; of the Exeter Gun Club and
of the Delta Upsilon, Phi Delta Phi
and Theta Phi Epsilon fraternities.
He attends the Congregational
Church; and is prominent in Boy
Scout work. During the war he
was chairman of the Four-Minute
Men of Portsmouth, served on the

Selective Service Legal Advisory
Board, was one of the state speakers
for the Liberty Loans and was chair-
man of the Liberty Boy work in con-
nection with the U. W. W. drive.
He married in 1911, Agnes Maxwell,
and they have two daughters, Nath-
ahe CUfford and Barbara Vining
Smith. Mrs. Smith is a prominent
club woman. Diligent in the per-
formance of his duties and careful
and constant in his attention to the
legislative proceedings, Mr. Smith,
even in his first term, is a valuable
member.

When Speaker Tobey inquired of
the members of the House their pref-
erences as to committee service, he
was surprised to find that most of
them wished to be named on either
Fisheries and Game or Roads, Bridges
and Canals. Choosing these com-
mittees was, therefore, something of
a problem, but that the task was well
done is shown by their record of work
accomplished. The Speaker first
named Representative Mott L. Bart-
lett of Sunapee, brother of Governor
John H. Bartlett, as chairman of
Fisheries 'and Game, but Mr. Bart-
lett, also named on the Committee
on Appropriations, considered the
latter service the more important
and asked to be relieved of his
chairmanship.

This resulted in the promotion of
Representative Charles W. Bailey of
Ward Nine, Manchester, who served
on that committee at the session of
1917 and therefore was well acquain-
ted with its work. Born in Auburn,
August 28, 1866, Mr. Bailey was
educated in the public schools of
Manchester and is connected with
the Amoskeag corporation in that
city. His legislative service was pre-
ceded by five years in the Manchester

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

109

city government. He is a Mason
and Knight of Pythias, attends the
Baptist (/hutch and votes the Repub-
lican ticket.

One of the veteran chairmen of the
House is Dr. Henry F. Libby of
Wolfeboro. who heads the Committee
on Forestry at the session of 1919, as
at the previous sessions of 1915 and
1917. Doctor Libbv was ' born in

Dr. Henry F. Libby

Tuftonboro in 1850; educated at the
old Tuftonboro and Wolfeboro Acad-
emy and at the Harvard Dental
School; and for many years has
practised his profession in Boston.
He is a Mason and a Unitarian. Doc-
tor Libby is most widely known
through his Museum at Wolfeboro,
an unique collection of great interest,
appropriately housed, which, by his
kindness and public spirit, is open to
visitors during the summer months
and is an appreciated attraction of
the lake country at that season.

Representative Adams L. Greer of
Ward Three, Manchester, serving
upon the Committee on Railroads at
the 1915 session of the House is
promoted this year to the chairman-
ship of the Committee on Incorpora-
tions. Mr. Greer was born in Dun-
barton in 1879 and received a pubhc
school education in Goffstown and
Manchester. He is a dealer in pianos
and a man of wide social and business
activities, belonging to the Odd
Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Red
Men, Grange, New England Order of
Protection and 0. U. A. M., and
having served in both the New
Hampshire National Guard (First
New Hampshire Battery) and in the
city fire department. He is a Con-
gregationalist in rehgious belief.

Representative William E. Smith
of Ward Two, Manchester, continues
at this session at the head of the
Committee on Industrial School, a
position which he filled acceptably at
the session of 1917.

Representative Walter G. Perrj- of
Keene, third man on the 1917 Com-
mittee on Insurance, goes to its head
at the session of 1919, a place which
he fully merits as one of the best
known and most successful insurance
men in the state, being the president
of the widely known Peerless Casualty
Company. Born in Fitzwilham,
June 13, 1874, the son of Calvin B.
and JuUa E. Perry, he was educated
in the town schools. He is a Mason,
Odd Fellow, Elk and Red Man and a
Unitarian in religious behef. During
the recent war he did valuable work
for the government in the quarter-
master's department at Boston.

110

The Granite . Monthly

Unusual interest attached to the
appointment of the chairman of the
House Judiciary Committee at this
session and the recipient of the honor,
Representative Robert M. Wright of
Sanbornton, has been the object of

versity Law School. For a number
of years he was connected with public
and private schools as a teacher, then
engaged in business at Hill, and in
1912 was admitted to the bar. He
practised law in the office of Allen

Hon. Robert M. Wright
Chairman of the Judiciary Committee

close attention and of favorable com-
ment for the way in which he has dis-
charged his onerous duties. Mr.
Wright was born in Sanbornton,
October 31, 1877, and was educated
at the Franklin High School. New
Hampshire College and Boston Uni-

Hollis at Concord for three and a
half years and then opened an office
for himself in Fi-ankhn, where he is
now practising. He has served his
town as selectman five years, president
of the Republican Club ten years and
trust fund trustee. He was sent by

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

his town to the Constitutional Con-
ventions of 1912 and 1918 and to the
Legislature in 1915, when he was
chairman of the Committee on In-
corporations and a member of the
Committee on Revision of the Stat-
utes, and in 1917, when he was a
member of the Judiciary Committee
and chairman of the Belknap county
delegation. Mr. Wright is married;
has one son: is a Mason, a Patron of
Husbandry and a member of the
Society of Sons of the American
Revolution. Alike as a lawyer and
as a legislator, he is distinguished by
the close and careful attention which
he gives to the matters demanding
his attention ; by his clear and logical
method of thought ; and by the direct,
concise and forceful manner of speech
which he employs on the not too
frequent occasions when he takes the
floor.

tion of 1918. He is a member of the
Keene Conuncu-cial Club and inter-
ested in all movements for the prog-
ress and benefit of citv or state.

One of the veteran members of the
House and one of the most prominent
upon the floor is Representative
William J. Callahan of Keene, for his
third term chairman of the Committee
on Labor and also chairman of the
Cheshire county delegation. Born
in London, England, March 26, 1861.
Mr. Callahan is a self-educated man,
who has achieved a broad knowledge
of facts and principles and a fluent
facility of expression. He is a me-
chanic by trade; a Roman Catholic
in reUgious belief; married and the
father of four children. Mr. Cal-
lahan is especially prominent in fra-
ternal circles, having been grand
chief langer of the Foresters of
America of the state and a member
and oflftcer, also, of the Catholic Order
of Foresters, the Ancient Order of
Hibernians, the Elks, Eagles and
Moose. He has served in the Keene
city government, in addition to his
legislative experience, and as a dele-
gate to the Constitutional Conven-

Representative Elbridge W. Snow
of Whitefield is another of the double
chairmen, being at the head of the
Connnittee on Liquor Laws, espe-
cially Important at this stage of the
state's progress, and of the Coos
county delegation. Mr. Snow, whose
overall factory is the principal in-
dustry of his town, was born there
December 7, 1860, and educated in its
public schools and at the New Hamp-
ton Literary Institution. He is a
Mason, Odd Fellow and Methodist
and a man who possesses the entire
confidence of his fellow citizens as is
shown by his election on the town
school board for twenty-two years
and as selectman, library trustee,
etc. He was a member of the House
of 1917, serving on the Committee
on Manufactures, and is one of the
representatives who follows the pro-
ceedings of the session carefully and
understandingly and speaks clearly
and forcefully when he is impelled to
enter a debate.

Enoch Shenton, Republican, rep-
resentative from Ward Two, Nashua,
and chairman of the Committee on
Manufactures, was born in Shrews-
bury, England, June 20, 1854, the
son of Rev. Joseph T. and Elizabeth
(Jones) Shenton, and was educated
at Christ Church School, Chester,
England. He is now the treasurer
and general manager of the William
Highton & Sons Co., manufacturers
of warm air registers, Nashua, Boston
and Philadelphia. Mr. Shenton is
treasurer of the trustees of the Main
Street Methodist Church, Nashua.
He served as a member of the Third
Light Battery, Massachusetts Vol-
unteer Mihtia, in 1871, and in the
United States Navy, on board the

112

The Granite Monthly

U. S. S. Hartford, flagship on the
Asiatic station, 1872-75. He is a
32nd degree Mason and a member of
St. George Commandery, K. T., the
Golden Cross, Nashua Country Club
and Nashua Board of Trade, being

Hon. Enoch Shenton

vice-president of the last named
organization. He served in the
Nashua city government, 1899-1902,
and in the House of Representatives
in 1903, when he was a member of
the Committee on Revision of Stat-
utes. During the war he has served
as secretary of the War Service
Committee of the Warm Air Register
Manufacturers, at Washington. Every
position he has held Mr. Shenton has
filled efficiently and with honor and
always with an eye to the public in-
terest.

has been in the Grant name since
the settlement of the town. He was
educated in the pubhc schools and at
the Thetford, Vt., Academy, and for
a time engaged in school teaching.
From the time of his marriage, No-
vember 11, 1879, until 1905, he carried
on the old farm successfully, then
turning over its operation to his son.
Mr. Grant has held nearly all the
offices in the gift of his town, member
of the school board, selectman,
member of the House of 1897, serving
on the Committee on Agriculture,
delegate to the Constitutional Con-
ventions of 1912 and 1918, etc. For
the past eight years he has been clerk
and treasurer of both the town and
the school district. He served as
chairman of the local Public Safety
Committee, as registration officer
and as an associate member of the
Legal Advisory Board under the
selective service act. He is an active
member of the Congregational Church
and of the Patrons of Husbandry and
is interested in anything that will
tend to the best interests of his home
town and of the state.

David A. Grant of Lyme, chairman
of the Committee on Mileage and
of the Grafton County delegation and
a member of the Committee on Liquor
Laws, was born in Lyme, September
24, 1856, on the old homestead which

Captain Frank H. Chalhs, Re-
pubhcan, of Ward Four, Manchester,
chairman of the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs, is "one of the best known
men in the circles of newspaper,
political, fraternal order and military
activity in the state of New Hamp-
shire. Born in Laconia, March 20,
1855, and educated in the public
schools, Captain Challis has been,
during most of his life, a resident of
Manchester, where he has been con-
nected with its leading newspapers
in various editorial capacities and
also has been in business for himself.
He served seven years in the Manches-
ter Cadets, six as captain, and three
in the National Guard as captain;
was a member of the House of Rep-
resentatives of 1917; is a member

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

113

of more than a score of societies and
orjianizations and an officer in most
of them; past connnander of the New
Enghmd Division, Sons of Veterans;
ex-councilor and ex-national repre-
sentative, O. U. A. M.; past chan-
cellor commander, K. of P.; first
master workman, Security Lodge,
A. O. U. W.; member of I.'O. 0. F.,
etc.; charter member of the Man-
chester Institute of Arts and Sciences,
historiographer of the Manchester
Historic Association, etc. Captain
Challis was an active and prominent
member of the House of 1917 and, as
was expected, is one of the live wires
of the present Legislature.

The fact that the first important
business to be presented to the Legis-
lature of 1919, namely, the ratifica-
tion of the prohibition amendment
to the Federal Constitution, was
referred to the Committee on National
Affairs, for consideration and report
gave especial prominence to that
committee and its chairman at this
session. Rev. James McD. Blue of
North Conway, Repubhcan, named
as the head of this committee, while
not previously a member of the
Legislature, is well known in the state,
where he has held several Congre-
gational pastorates. Born in Boston,
Rev. Mr. Blue was educated at the
Newton, Mass., High School; at
Williams College, class of 1893; and
at the Andover Theological Semi-
nary, class of 1896. He is a Mason,
Odd Fellow and Patron of Hus-
bandry; is married, and the father
of four children.

Representative Herman C. Rice,
Repubhcan, of Ward Three, Keene,
is one of the few members honored
by holding the same chairmanship
at successive sessions. Chosen a
member of the House of Representa-

tives in 1917, he was made chairman
of its Committee on Normal Schools
and performed the duties of the
position so capably that Speaker
Tobey was prompt to invite him to
continue at the head of the same
committee for the session of 1919.
Mr. Rice was born in Jaffrey, March
15, 1867, and educated in the pubhc
schools of Keene. He is a dealer in
wall paper and paints; married, two
children; Unitarian; Mason of the
32nd degree and member of the Sons
of Veterans and Monadnock Club.
His first election to the Legislature
followed efficient service of two years
each as councilman and alderman in
the Keene city government.

Another committee chairman to
continue his service through four
years is Dr. Henry W. Boutwell, Re-
pubhcan, of Ward Two, Manchester,
the head of the Committee on Pubhc
Health at the Sessions of 1917 and
1919. No member of the Legislature
has a more distinguished record of
pubhc service than Doctor Boutwell
and none is more reluctant to allow
even the bare facts of his career to
appear in print. Born in Lyndeboro
in 1848, he was educated in the town
schools, at Francestown Academy
and at the Harvard Medical School.
He has served in the state Senate and
on the Executive Council, as well as
in the House, and is a member of the
Board of Trustees of State Institu-
tions. He was surgeon general on
the staff of Governor Nahum J.
Bachelder, has served as chief of stafif
of the Sacred Heart Hospital, Man-
chester, and is a member of the
American Medical Association. Doctor
Boutwell has a wife and daughter and
attends the Congregational Church.

Of equal distinction with Doctor
Boutwell in having served in House,
Senate and Executive Council is

114

The Granite Monthly

Honorable Charles W. Varney,
Republican, of Ward Six, Rochester,
chairman of the Committee on Public
Improvements. Born in Lebanon,
Me., June 4, 1884, the son of David
W. and Abbie (Tibbetts) Varney, he

Hon. Charles W. Varney

was educated in the town schools and
at a business college in Boston. He
is successfully engaged in the in-
surance business and has been espe-
cially active and prominent in fra-
ternal order circles and in public life.
He is a 32nd degree Mason and
Knight Templar, president of the
Grange Fire Insurance Company,
past state lecturer of the Patrons of
Husbandry, member of the I. O. 0. F.,
Eastern Star, Rochester City Club,
Waquoit Club, etc. Elected to the
House of Representatives of 1915, he
chmbed the ladder to the state Senate
of 1917 and to the Executive Council
of Governor Henry W. Keyes in 1917-
1918 being the youngest man ever
chosen to these offices. He was also a
delegate to the Constitutional Con-
vention of 1918; and the mover of
its adjournment until after the war.

He was appointed by Governor Keyes
one of the commissioners to take the
votes of New Hampshire soldiers for
the election of 1918, and in the per-
formance of that duty went as far as
Texas on a tour of the cantonments
of the country. Mr. Varney mar-
ried October 13, 1906, Matilda
Webster Shepherd. Children : Charles
W., Jr., born November 17, 1912,
and Barbara Shepherd, born May
1, 1915.

One of the solid men of the Legis-
lature is Representative James Mar-
shall, Republican, of Ward Four,
Dover, chairman of the Committee
on Railroads. Born in Scotland,
January 22, 1874, Mr. Marshall came
to this country in childhood and was
educated in the pubUc schools of
Dover, where is is engaged in the
printing business. He is grand chan-
cellor of the Knights of Pythias of
the state and a member of the Ma-
sonic order and of the Red Men.
Good service in both branches of the
Dover city government was followed
by his election to the House of 1917,
where he served on the committees
on public improvements and rail-
roads, and to the Constitutional
Convention of 1918. Mr. Marshall
is married and attends the Congrega-
tional Church.

Representative William C. Clarke,
Republican, of Ward One, Manches-
ter, chairman of the Committee on
Retrenchment and Reform, is one of
the best known and most popular
men in New Hampshire. The son
of the late Colonel John B. Clarke,
he was born in Manchester, March
17, 1856, and was educated at the
Manchester High School, PhilUps
Andover Academy and Dartmouth
College. Journalism has been his
profession, with writing on out of
door sports and athletics, as his spe-

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

115

cialty, but much of his time has been
given to public hfe as mayor of
Manchester eight years, member of
the Manchester School Board six
years, member of the House and
chairman of its Committee on Fish
and Game in 1891, delegate-at-large
to the Republican National Conven-
tion of 1900, etc. Mr. Clarke be-
longs to the Patrons of Husbandry,
the Red Men and the Derryfield
Club. New Hampshire has no better-
posted or more entertaining writer or
more charming conversationalist.

Representative Marshall Day Cob-
leigh, Repubhcan, of Ward One,
Nashua, is chairman of the Committee
on Revision of Statutes, which has
one of the largest grists to grind and
is doing it at this session with marked
seccess. Born in Littleton, Decem-
ber 17, 1864, the son of Ashbel W.
and Hannah (Montgomery) Cob-
leigh, he was educated i-n the public
schools of Littleton; studied law
there vdih Harry L. Heald and James
W. Remick; and was admitted to the
bar in 1899. He practiced for a year
in Littleton and for ten years in
Lebanon and since December 1, 1911,
in Nashua, in partnership, succes-
sively, with General Charles J. Ham-
blett. Senator Marcel Theriault and at
present with his son, Gerald, under
the firm name of Cobleigh & Cobleigh.
While at Littleton he served as super-
visor and as special justice of the
Littleton police court. At Lebanon
he was town moderator and from 1903
to 1909 was solicitor of Grafton
county. He was a delegate to the
Constitutional Convention of 1918
from Ward One, Nashua where he has
been chairman of the Republican city
committee since 1916. In addition
to his chairmanship in the present
Legislature he serves on the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary and on the
Committee on Rules. Mr. Cobleigh

is a Congregationalist and a member
of the Knights of Pythias, Grange,
Y. M. C. A., Langdon Club (Lebanon)
and Brotherhood Class (Nashua).
He married April 29, 1890, Alice J.
Aldrich, and they have two sons,

Hon. Marshall D. Cobleigh

Gerald F., special justice of the Nashua
Municipal Court, and Neal W., a
student in the Nashua High School.

Next in popularity to the Fisheries
and Game Committee among the
members of the House, according to
Speaker Tobey, was the Com-
mittee on Roads, Bridges and Canals.
At its head the Speaker placed a new
member, but one who has had much
practical experience along the Unes of
the committee's work. Representative
Albert E. McReel, Repubhcan, of
Exeter. Born in Athol, Mass., March
28, 1870, and educated in the pubUc
schools there, Mr. McReel now is
treasurer and manager of the A. E.
McReel Company (incorporated), en-
gaged in the coal and tow boat busi-

116

The Granite Monthly

ness. He is also well known as the
promoter and builder of several street
railways in Southern New Hampshire.
Mr. McReel married Mabel A. Mellen
of Athol, Mass., and they have one
son, William A. McReel, first-class
gunner in the 66th C. A. C, now in
France. Mr. McReel is a member of
Portsmouth lodge of Elks. He is

this committee. Born in Tilton,
June 1. 1865, Mr. Seaverns was
educated in the public schools of
Laconia. He has held various ward
offices and is city sealer of weights
and measures. He is a member of
the Knights of Pythias and the Lake
City Club and his vocation is that of
paperhanger.

Hon. A. E. McReel

president of the Exeter Board of Trade
and ranks as one of the town's best
citizens and business men.

Representative William F. Seav-
erns of Laconia, chairman of the
Committee on School for Feeble-
Minded and of the Belknap County
delegation, is serving his third term
in the Legislature and at the head of

Another Laconia committee chair-
man is Representative Arthur W.
Russell, Republican, of Ward Six
(Postofiice address, Lakeport), who
is at the head of the Committee on
Soldiers' Home. Mr. Russell was
born in Wilton, May 31, 1842, and
was educated in the schools of Boston.
He served in the Civil War with the
rank of sergeant and is a member of
the Grand Armv of the Republic, as
well as of the I. 0. 0. F. and N. E. O.

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

117

P. Mr. Russell is a machinist b}' past grand sachem of the Red Men
trade and a Universalist in religious of the state, a past master of his

belief.

Dr. Ervin Wilbur Hodsdon, Re-
publican, representative from Ossipee,
continues, this session, at the head

Dr. E. W. Hodsdon

of the Committee of State Hospital,
whose work he guided in 1917. This
is Doctor Hodsdon's third term in the
House and he has come to be regarded
as one of its best working members,
as well as one of those most popular
among his associates. Born in Os-
sipee, April 8, 1863, the son of Ed-
ward Payson Hodsdon and Emma B.
Demerritt, the doctor wa*s educated
at the Dover High School, Phillips
Exeter Academy and the Missouri
Medical College, now a part of
Washington University. He has
practiced his profession in Ossipee
since 1896 and during that time has
served twelve years as medical referee
and has been postmaster seventeen
years, besides holding the offices of
selectman, member of the school
board, etc. Doctor Hodsdon is a

Masonic lodge and a member of the
A. O. U. W., the Grange and the
Knights of Pythias in addition to
state and national medical associa-
tions and the New Hampshire His-
torical SocietJ^ He attends the
Methodist Church. February 25,
1917, he married Mary L. Price.

i^ One of the legislative veterans
whose long and faithful service is
recognized by his selection as a com-
mittee chairman is Representative
Fred P. Hill of Plaistow, who heads
the State Prison Committee in his
fifth term as a member of the House;
besides which service he has been a
delegate to two constitutional con-
ventions. Mr. Hill was born in
Sandown, December 16, 1867; was
educated in public and private schools;
and is engaged in the shoe business.
In addition to his ten years in the
General Court Mr. Hill has been
selectman of his town and in other
ways has been the recipient of the
confidence and esteem of his fellow
citizens.

Wilham E. Burgess, well known
real estate dealer and insurance agent
of the city of Manchester, RepubU-
can representative from Ward Two
of that city, is the chairman of the
Committee on Towns. Mr. Bur-
gess was born at Pleasant Valley,
N. S., October 16, 1861, and educated
at Halifax and Dartmouth, N. S.
He has been to the Legislature before,
at the session of 1909. He is a
Christian Scientist in religious beUef,
a member of the Patrons of Husban-
dry; and' is married and has one
child.

Walter Stephen Thayer, Republi-
can, member of the House from New
Ipswich and chairman of the Com-
mittee on Unfinished Business, was
born December 30, 1873, in the town
which he represents. He was educa-

118

The Granite Monthly

ted in the public schools and at
Appleton Academy. He was married
in 1893 to Anne F. Chandler and they
have three children, one of whom,
Lieutenant Arthur S. Thayer, is in
the military service of his country.
Mr. Thayer is a farmer, a dealer in
real estate and cattle and is engaged
in the lumber business. He has been
selectman ten years, chairman of the
board eight years in succession, and
has been overseer of the poor, trustee
of Town Trust Funds and local meat
inspector. In addition to his chair-
manship he serves at this session
upon the Committees on County
Affairs and Forestry.

When a member of the state Senate
returns to the Legislature in the
lower house his experience is sure to

Hon. Clarence M. Collins

be regarded with respect, which
probably is one reason why Speaker
Tobey made Representative Clarence
M. Collins, Republican, of Danville,
chairman of the Committee on Ways
and Means for the session of 1919
and named him, also, on the Com-
mittee on Appropriations. Mr.

Colhns was born in Danville, August
12, 1858, and was educated at New
Hampton Literary Institution, having
been president of its state association
of alumni. He is a shoe manufac-
turer; a 32nd degree Mason and
Knight Templar; a Free Baptist in
rehgious belief; a member of the
New Hampshire Historical Society;
married and the father of two chil-
dren. He has held all the town
offices and was a delegate to the
Constitutional Convention of 1912
and a member of the state Senate of
1917. In that capacity he was ap-
pointed by Governor Henry W. Keyes
as a member of the special recess
committee on state finance which
made its report to the present Legis-
lature early in the session. He is
also chairman of the Rockingham
county delegates.

Rev. Ora Wilfred Craig, Democrat,
representative from Ward Eleven,
Manchester, and chairman of the
city delegation, was born in Ashland,
January 2, 1879, of revolutionary
stock in both his paternal and ma-
ternal ancestry. He was educated
at Holderness School, Trinity College
and the Berkeley Divinity School
and has spent his entire time as a
Protestant Episcopal clergyman in
the diocese of New Hampshire, first
as a curate at Claremont, then for
five years at Laconia and now on his
seventh year at St. Andrew's Church,
West Manchester. While at Laconia
he opened a mission at Meredith
along modern institutional Unes,
which attracted much attention, and
also worked in other neighboring
towns. He was for a year president
of the Laconia Ministers' Association
and for three years chairman of its
Committee on Civic Life. He was
one of the organizers and incorpora-
tors of the Laconia Benevolent
Association, its president one year
and for three years in charge of the
law enforcement end of its work.
Rev. Mr. Craig is now serving his
second term on the Manchester

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

119

School Board and is chairman of the
School Athletic Council, through
which the board controls the athletic
training and sports in all the public
schools. Mr. Craig is a member of

Merrimack County delegation, was
born in Lynn, Mass., June 23, 1875,
the son of Charles Freeman and
Caroline D. (Pratt) Ranney. He
was educated in the public schools of

the Alpha Chi llho fraternity, of all Newport, Vt., and at St. Johnsbury,

Vt., Academy, and engaged for a
time in the printing business with
his father at Newport. In November
1904, he purchased the plant of the
Penacook News-Letter, which he has
greatly enlarged and improved,
carrying on, in connection with the
publication of the newspaper, an
extensive job printing business. He
is clerk of the society and deacon of
the Congregational Church at Pen-
acook; town treasurer of Boscawen
since March, 1907; president of
the New Hampshire Weekly Pub-
lishers' Association, etc. He is a
member of the Masonic order, lodge,

Rev. Ora W. Craig
Chairman Manchester Delegation

the branches of Odd Fellowship and
of the Sons of Veterans. The fact
that he is a life member of the Amer-
ican Poultry Association indicates
his hobby, which is hens; his Rose
Comb Rhode Islands Reds being as
fine specimens of the breed as can be
found in New Hampshire. Mr Craig
is married and has one child. His
work in all its lines of activit}-, church,
school and public life, is character-
ized by definiteness of purpose and
well-considered progress towards a
predetermined end. In these trouble-
threatening times such men are valu-
able bulwarks of our institutions.

WilUam Bradford Ranney, Re-
publican, representative from the town
of Boscawen and chairman of the

Hon. William B. Ranney

chapter, council and commandery,
and past patron of the Eastern Star;
past master of Hallowe'en Grange,
Penacook, and of Merrimack County
Pomona Grange. He married Oc-
tober 28, 1898, Alice M. Burbank of
Webster, and they have two daugh-
ters, Dorothy and Katharine.

EDITORIAL

The part New Hampshire is taking
in movements of national progress
is very gratifying to all of us who are
as confident of her future as we are
proud of her past. The promptness
with which our Legislature of 1919
ratified on the part of the Granite
State the prohibition amendment to
the Federal Constitution is a subject
for congratulation and the sentiment
for strict and impartial law enforce-
ment everywhere in evidence will be
of great assistance to the United
States officers, as it has been to those
of the state, in making prohibition
prohibit. To prevent entirely the
use of alcoholic beverages always
has seemed an ideal impossible of
achievement; and so it still may
prove to be. But never in history
has so powerful a force been exerted
to this end as will be within the
ability of the United States Govern-
ment. It will be the duty of every
good citizen to do his part towards
making the application of this force
entirely efficient. New Hampshire
has a particular reason for interest
in national prohibition and an added
incentive to aid in its enforcement
because the first seeds of the crop
now to be harvested were sown more
than forty years ago by Henry W.
Blair, then Congressman and after-
wards United States Senator from
New Hampshire, when he introduced
in the lower branch of the National
Legislature the initial proposal on
this line on December 27, 1876. Ex-
Senator Blair, at four score and five,
is still living in Washington. During
the time of his activity and promi-
nence as a national figure he dreamed
many great dreams which were
scorned by the ''practical" and
derided by the short-sighted. It is
good to know that one of them, at

least, now is coming to realization,
within his lifetime.

New Hampshire is prompt, again,
in organizing for the promulgation
and support of the League of Free
Nations idea. The state association
is fortunate in securing as its head,
Mr. Huntley N. Spaulding, recently
so successful as food administrator
for New Hampshire, who will put
the vigor and force of his personality
behind this good work, also. It is
fitting that the first local organiza-
tions should be in our educational
centers, Hanover and Durham, and
it is easy to believe that from them
inspiration will spread into every
corner of the commonwealth. A
powerful aid to that end will be found
in the happily large number of New
Hampshire people who attended the
recent New England meeting in
Boston and heard former President
William H. Taft at his best and
greatest in discussion of this most
important subject. The imperative
work of world reconstruction can
proceed, as we see it, on two far
separated planes simultaneously and
cooperatively. One can and must
start from the home and the indi-
vidual to reconstruct the community
and thus to raise the level of life.
The other must operate on that
greatest possible scale which the
League of Nations purposes and
which by ensuring the world's peace
will give full opportunity for the
development of the race by individual
and national initiative and execution.
Here in New Hampshire we are
glad to give endorsement to the
world project, while, at the same
time, we- recognize our own pressing
problems and give our best efforts
to their solution.

A BOOK OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

The man who thought Psyche was
''a mighty queer way to spell fish"
would be more than ever puzzled
after reading the first part of Dr.
John D. Quackenbos's new novel,
"Magnhild," for the hero and the
heroine pass (|uickly from psychic

than he in painting word pictures of
its loveliness; "its background of
sable-vested mountains — its clear, is-
land-studded waters — its tortuous
shore line presenting so remarkable
a diversity, now sheer and heavily
timbered, now stretching in long

Ur. John D. Quackenbos

rapport to fishing raptures, from ex-
periencing the "psychovital cosmic
relations of the human personality"
to "that erethism of internal exalta-
tion" that accompanies the capture
of a Sunapee saibling. Doctor
Quackenbos has spent a good part
of his seventy years of life on the
shores of our beautiful New Hamp-
shire lake, and no one is more skilful

reaches of sparkling sand, or sloping
upward in brilliant pasture lands to
ridges crested with inky spruce, anon
opening into flower-pied meadows
through which streams fringed with
fern clumps pour their crystal cold
into darksome estuaries." There are
many of these pictures, in prose and
verse, in the earlier pages of the book;
many studies of the life of the lake

122

The Granite Monthly

and the people about it, so that for sibilities of telepathy, "the influence

us New Hampshire folks this part of exerted on human lives bj^ extrinsic

the story will have an especial charm, personalities and the mysteries of

But for those who are attracted to supernatural communication" will

the book by its sub-title, "A Tale of hold the closest attention to the happy

Psychic Love," the unfolding of the ending, which, again, has Sunapee

plot, with its revelations of the pos- shores as its scene.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

Bela Chapin was born in Newport,
February 19, 1829. Is there any-
where a poet of greater age whose
muse is fertile still? While he has
passed his ninetieth birthday, Louise
Patterson Guyol, a Concord school-
girl, has not yet reached her nine-
teenth. Franklin McDuffee, Dart-
mouth '21, is the son of Editor Willis
McDuffee of Rochester. Miss Laura
A. Rice, one of New Hampshire's
sweetest singers, whose verse was
published over the name of Ray

Laurance, died during the past month
at her home in Northfield. Rev.
Dr. Loren Webster is the head of the
Holderness School for Boys. Fred
Myron Colby of Warner has an ag-
gregate of published work in both
prose and poetry which few Granite
State writers can equal. Hon. James
0. Lyford, editor, author, public
official, knows state finances from A
to Z aiid possesses the power of im-
parting his knowledge clearl}' and
helpfully.

WHITHER?

By Franklin McDuffee

The stars are close tonight.

Thoughts in the book of time;
Yet veiled unto my sight

The page sublime.

For wear}" waters flow

Into a bending sky,
Murmuring soft and low,

"Eternity."

Ever the sad, sweet ache,

The tender, questing pain,
The dim doubts that awake

Nor sleep again.

Ahead, an ocean bleak;

Behind, the barren sand.
Alas, for them that seek '

To understand.

Editor's Note. — This poem, published originally in The Bema, the Uterary magazine
of Dartmouth college, was one of two by Hanover students chosen for the annual
^'Anthology of College Verse," published by the Stratford Company, Boston.

THROUGH THE YEAR IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

By Rev. Roland D. Sawyer

Thank Cod for heart to understand
The sraciousness of si)readinfi trees,

The changing seasons, wisely planned,
The storms and sunshine— all of these.

Mid-March, the Beginning of the
Year

In common with all the world we
accept the Roman calendar which
Rome thrust upon civilization when
she conquered ancient civilization.
The Roman calendar, however, was
pitched to the seasons as they ran in
the warm Mediterranean country
and not to the hardy climate of New
England; for, with us in New Hamp-
shire, the year reallj" begins in mid-
March. Then come the longer morn-
ings and the earlier sun which grows
bright and warm in midday and starts
the sap in the trees. In mid-March
the buds begin to swell, the warmer
winds sweep through the branches,
the frost leaves the earth and as we
feel the ground heave beneath our
feet we know that Mother Earth is
awaking from her long night's sleep.
The geese are flying, the robins return,
the bluebirds gather — now it's the New
Year reall}' comes, never mind what
the Roman calendar said about "Jan-
uary first." The cold winter nights
which gave us the chilled house and
blustering morns have gone, the sun
greets us with its cheering smile before
seven, and no longer are we loath to
leave the bed, but we must be up and
out to mingle with the horses, cows,
fowl and birds, greeting the signs of
the New Year in trees, soil and animal
life. We sort the eggs and get read}"
to set the mother-hens; we overhaul
the farming-tools, get seeds and plows
ready, and plan the adventure of new
crops. It's a time of joyous expec-
tancy; we are looking ahead to a new
season of life; the returning songsters
from the trees proclaim the old prom-
ise of "seed-time and harvest that
shall not fail in the earth." At noon-
day the sun lays into barn and house

through window and door, where
horses, cattle, fowl and human kind
alike feel the cheer of its live-giving
warmth. Winter is in rapid retreat,
the blustering wind of the morn dies
out and shows us its last wail. The
hour has indeed struck, new life is
everywhere.

The church is celebrating Easter,
the resurrection of the Lord, and we
who live in the country homes of the
old Granite State are likewise cele-
brating the resurrection of New Life.
Only here and there in the woods can
we find the snow; wooing warm airs
have displaced the bleak winter winds;
pity, indeed, for the one whose soul
does not catch the springtime song,
and whose heart does not beat the
quicker in the joys of beginning an-
other year.

March Morning, Nature's Holy
Matin Hour

The most delightful time of the
March days is the morning hour.
How sweet, how beautiful it all is; we
all feel it, from the chipmunk dodging
among the stones of the wall to the
birds chirping their matins from the
trees. The winds breath God's invo-
cation o'er the earth. If one ever feels
the religious mood he certainly will on
a mid-March morning in New Hamp-
shire. These mornings are the Resur-
rection mornings of the year. Tiny
shoots coming through the dead leaves
tell of the Resurrection-miracle. The
Heart of the Universe is calling all life
forth from the grave — never mind the
Roman calendar, we will now begin
our year, and plan to plant and water
and cultivate and dig, till we reap an-
other harvest. We have been kept
through the severity of winter, we
greet the springtime with gratitude
and joy, and never do we feel this quite
so deeply as when in the hour of morn
we light the fires of the household and
go forth to greet the day.

AT NINETY YEARS

By Bela Cha'pin

Grim Winter lingers with us still,
And cold the north winds blow;

While all about on Johnson Hill
Lie drifts of pure white snow.

But wintry days will soon be o'er

And cheerful Spring return once more.

It is hibernal time with me, —

A weight of years I bear;
Trials a few 'tis mine to see

As on in life I fare.
My natal day I pass again;
My 3^ears are now fourscore and ten.

My birth-place upon Baptist Hill,

My home in early years.
What memories surround it still!

How fresh it all appears!
There now, as erst long time ago.
The roses bloom, the lilacs blow.

Right well it is that Memory brings

More often from the past
The pleasant than unpleasant things

That in our path were cast.
The good we wisely keep in mind,
The bad we fain would leave behind.

My father's voice I seem to hear,

As in the long-ago;
My mother's singing, sweet and clear,

The hymns she treasured so.
Those dear remembrances of yore
I call to mind from Memory's store.

How oft the time at Northville school

Afresh my mind enjoys
Where Master Wheeler well did rule

A flock of girls and boys.
One hundred pupils, large and small,
That old red school-house held us all.

Of toil and care I took my share,
With some misfortune strove.

And now within my rocking-chair
I sit beside the stove

And take mj^ ease, though lame and old,

While out of doors the wind blows cold.

The Strength of the Hills

125

I read good books from day to day
And find in tiioni delight;

Ere long 1 shall be called away,
Away from mortal sight.

In Christian faith I live and wait

A welcome at the heavenly gate.

Claretnont, N. H.

THE STRENGTH OF THE HILLS

From a sermon by Pemberton Hale Cressey, Minister of the First Parish, Beverly, Mass.

It was my pri\dlege to spend a few
weeks of the past summer within a
short distance of Mt. Washington,
New Hampshire. The great moun-
tain, unobstructed from that point of
view by lesser peaks and foot-hills,
was constantly before me. I beheld
it at all hours of the day and in all
the changing moods of a summer of
variable weather. The noble summit
was now clear in the morning air, now
wreathed in the clouds of some gath-
ering storm, now crouching high and
distant in the evening dusk. Espe-
cially do I recall one morning of
extraordinary clearness when the
August air was cold and scintillating
as with some borrowed October. I
could almost pick out the great
boulders on Alban ridge and Boott's
spur. I could see the long, deep cut
of Tuckerinan's ravine, sliced into the
slope of the mountain as if it had
just been gashed with some titanic
cleaver. Looking straight into the
wide chasm of Huntington's ravine
I could see each slide and crevice and
yawning gap of that mighty hollow
raised against the sky. My joy and

wonder in the vast picture found ex-
pression in the words : '^ The strength
of the hills is his also." At first I
was satisfied with the simple, ele-
mental thought of God as the crea-
tor. His, his was the noble mountain!
Enough for me to acknowledge his
lordship and the marvel of his creat-
ing hand.

But as I continued to gaze at the
mountain in all its rugged clearness,
I could not but think of the vast
conflicts out of which the summit
arose. Clearly in the morning air
there stood revealed the evidences of
the tremendous struggles out of which
and above which emerged the hoary
peak. The buckling of the earth's
crust through countless ages of the
gradual cooling of internal fires, the
grinding and crushing of the conti-
nental glacier in its slow withdrawal
toward the north, the blowing of
mighty winds, the pouring of tre-
mendous rains, the loosening of
boulder and sand through the action
of storm and frost^out of such epic
conflicts came the strength of the
hills.

IN DREAMY, SUNNY MEXICO

By Fred Myron Colby

In dreamy, sunny Mexico

The very winds they murmur low

Through fragrant groves of orange trees

And cHnging vines of balconies,

Where dark-eyed beauties loll and dream

Behind the scented, blossoming screen

Of tropic foliage ablaze

With richest tints of summer days.

Lithe water bearers, nude and brown,

The sultry streets walk up and down.

Dusky fruit venders cry their wares

In the palmetto-shaded squares;

And wood-wheeled carts move to and fro

Behind the calm-eyed oxen slow.

In dreamy, sunny Mexico.

In dreamy, sunny Mexico,

The sleepy fountains flash and flow

In lazy cadence like a dream;

While like a rising star agleam.

The snowy peaks of mountains rise

Beneath the glowing Southern skies.

A happy land of lotus dreams,

Where reign enchantment as it seems.

Where wondrous blossoms catch the eye,

And gaudy birds through thickets fly.

A land of lutes and dulcet tones.

Of silver, gold and onyx stones.

The Aztec land of long ago.

The place of Maximillian's woe,

This dreamy, sunny Mexico.

In dreamy, sunny Mexico,

The tropic land is all aglow

With flash of insects' gauzy wings.

And from low boughs the toucan swings.

The cries of wolf and coyote fall

From thorny depths of chaparral.

'Mid fields of cocoa and of maize

Up o'er the hills by devious ways,

You see the whitened walls appear

Of haciendas, far and near.

And o'er green slopes of figs and limes .

Sound far off cathedral chimes;

While devout worshippers bend low

Amid the sunset's fervid glow,

In dreamy, sunny Mexico.

Franklin, N. H.

TELLING GRANDPA'S BEES

By Laura A. Rice

In a corner of the orchard,

Beneath the ancient trees,
Festooned with wand'ring grape vines.

Are many hives of bees;
Around, are spreacUng hayfields,

And crops of waving grain,
That ne'er will know his labor,

In harvest time again!

Within the old time farmhouse

Moss covered, gray and low,
Where aged ''lay lock" bushes.

Around the front door grow;
The sunlight's golden splendor,

Shines in the fore room small,
On peaceful white haired sleeper.

Who has answered Azrael's call.

In a corner of the orchard,

Beneath the ancient trees.
A man is softly chanting,

Before the hives of bees,
Upon which are bits of mourning,

From grandma's gown of black,
"Stay honey bees, your master

Will ne'er again come back!"

"He had lived upon the homestead,

For fourscore years and ten,
He sowed, and reaped and garnered

And wronged not fellowmen!"
To little child near, watching,

With wondering eyes of blue.
The busy bees seemed listening,

To the tidings sad, but true!

What meant this ancient custom.

The telling of the bees,
When one had left the earth life,

To go beneath the trees
And drape the hives with mourning,

When sun was bright o'erhead.
And chant to busy workers,

"Your master old, is dead!"

The wondering child that followed.

Can ne'er forget the scene,
Tho' years have long since vanished.

She sees the landscape green,
With the ancient apple orchard.

And its grape vine covered trees,
As walking back and forward

One told grandpa's death to bees!

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

EDAVARD LEE CARROLL

Edward Lee Carroll, born in Warner,
December 11, 1880, died there, January 30,
1919, and by his widely mourned decease,
town and state lost one of their best young
men. Descended from Nathaniel Carroll,
who came from England to Massachusetts
in the 17th century, Edward Lee Carroll was
the son of the late Honorable Edward
Herman Carroll and Susie C. (Putney)
Carroll. Upon the completion of his educa-

parts of the state, he dealt extensively in
apples. Lee Carroll, as he was known to his
host of friends, was a potent force in the busi-
ness and social life of his native town, and
while he never desired political preferment,
he served as a member of the Prudential
Committee of the Simonds Free High School
and was for several years a member of the
Town School board, serving part of the time
as chairman. He took charge of the last War
Relief drive and had the satisfaction of seeing
his town the first in the state to surpass its

The late Lee Carroll and His Sons

tion in the schools of his native town and
the Concord Business College, he be-
came the business partner of his father, the
firm conducting extensive and successful
lumber operations in various parts of the
state. Upon the lamented death of Hon. E.
H. Carroll, in 1918, he at once assumed the
entire charge of the company's extensive
interests and handled them with the energy
and success which had characterized his
father's management, the business continuing
under the same title. He was much inter-
ested in forestry and forestry conservation
and scientific lumbering methods and had
won the commendation of the State Forestry
Department for his methods of lumbering.
Besides operating many mills in the different

quota. He was a director of the Union
Trust Company of Concord, Treasurer of
Harris Lodge of Masons, member of Woods
Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and Horace
Chase Council, and a Knight Templar and
Shriner. June 5, 1900, he was united in
marriage with Edith Louise, daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. James F. Emerson of Warner.
She survives him, with their two sons, Edward
H. Carroll, 2d, born August 8, 1907, and
James Emerson Carroll, born April 30, 1913
and his mother. To all of the many who
knew and loved him, the death of Lee CarroU
seems most untimely, but it did not come
until the high quality of his character and
his ability had been tested and proved by
endeavor and accomplishment.

New Hampshire Necrology

129

HENRY H. BARBER

Henry H. Barber, leading citizen of Mil-
ford, who died there January 14, was born
in Nashua, December 16, 1852. His educa-
tion was acquired in an academy at Canaan,
the native town of both his parents. He
began his business life as a clerk with a
Nashua firm, but in 1878 he opened a dry
goods store at Milford which grew into an
extensive department establishment. He
also founded the Barber Plumbing Company
and the Milford Granite Company, the

Board of Trade, he had served as its president.
The initiative in lighting the town by elec-
tricity Avas his, one of the first automobiles
operated in Milford was his and in general
he always was awake to the benefits of
progress in all lines. He was a 32nd degree
Mason and not long ago was presented by
King Solomon Royal Arch Chapter with a
beautiful jewel in recognition of his long and
faithful service as its treasurer. He was
also an Odd Fellow, a member of the Golden
Cross and belonged to the New England
associations of bankers and of dry goods'

The late H. H. Barber

latter being the pioneer in the granite in-
dustry of the town. For thirty-six years
he was a director of the Souhegan National
Bank, its vice-president from 1893 to 1911
and its president since the latter date. In
addition to his Milford property, including
one of the towTi's most beautiful residences,
he had an interest in the mercantile estab-
lishment of his brother at Derby, Conn.
He was a member of the Legislature of 1891
and the author of the law known by his name
for the regulation of fraternal insurance
orders. One of the organizers of the Milford

dealers. An enthusiastic golfer, he was a
member of the Nashua and Mount Vernon
country clubs. He attended the Methodist
Church. In 1873 Mr. Barber was united in
marriage w^th Miss Fostina M. Dodge,
daughter of Alva H. Dodge of Antrim.
Their one child is Mrs. Ethelyn F. Brown of
Winchester, Mass. A high-grade business
executive, a public-spirited citizen, beloved by
a host of friends, it was said of him by his home
paper that he "will be missed by the entire
town for he was always in the forefront of every
movement for the good of the community."

130

The Granite Monthly

WILLIAM S. PIERCE

William S. Pierce, well-known member of
the New Hampshire Bar, died at his home in
Somersworth, January 30. He was born at
Lexington, Me., sixty-six years ago and had
resided at Somersworth for forty years, com-
ing there as a school teacher. He was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1883 and won especial
success as a jury lawyer, particularly in

The late William S. Pierce

criminal cases. He was a member of the
New Hampshire House of Representatives
in 1907, serving on the Committees on Revi-
sion of Statutes and Elections. Mr. Pierce
was a member of the Masonic order. He is
survived by his wife, who was Miss Elizabeth
Allen of Smithfield, Me., and by one son,
Charles A. Pierce.

ALBERT T. SEVERANCE

Dr. Albert T. Severance, born in Brewer,
Me., September 17, 1842, died at Exeter,
January 16. He served three years in the
Civil War and was woinided ten times. In
the order of the G. A. R. he took much inter-
est and often served as a Memorial Day
orator. After the war he studied dentistry
and practised that profession at Newmarket,
where he was superintendent of schools, and
since 1885 at Exeter. He was a representa-
tive from Exeter in the Legislatures of 1901
and 1903 and had been secretary-treasiu-er
and president of the Rockingham County
Republican Club. He was a member of the
Masonic order and of the Methodist Church.
His wife, who was Miss Sadie E. Leavitt of
Newmarket, survives him.

JOSEPH H. WIGHT

Joseph Howard Wight, judge of the BerHn
Municipal Court since 1915, died suddenly in
that city, February 6. He was born in
Dummer, March 11, 1866; and was educated
at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, Kent's
Hill, and at the Boston University School of
Law. Since admission to the New Hamp-
shire Bar in 1890 he had practiced at Berlin
and had been a member of the city council,
police commissioner, representative in the
Legislature and county solicitor. While
Berlin was still a town he was chairman of
the Board of Selectmen and town clerk. He
was formerly president of the Berlin Savings
Bank and Trust Company and vice-presi-
dent of the Berlin Building and Loan Associa-
tion. He was a 32nd degree Mason and a
member of the Order of the Eastern Star.
His wife, one son and three daughters survive
him.

DR. FRANK BLAISDELL

Frank Blaisdell, M.D., born at Goffstown,
May 28, 1852, died there January 16. He
was educated at the Swedenborgian Acad-
emy at Contoocook and at the Dartmouth
Medical College, from which institution he
graduated in 1876. Since that time he had
practiced his profession with eminent success
in his native town and had been honored
with the presidency of the state Medical
Society and the state Surgical Club. He
was chairman of the town Board of Health
for a long time and a member of the School
Board for twenty years. He had served on
the Board of Physicians and Surgeons of the
Elliot Hospital, Manchester, and filled the
office of physician and surgeon for the Hills-
borough County Hospital at Grasmere. He
was particularly interested in surgery and
operative obstetrics and was the author of
several published papers upon this and other
branches of his profession. In 1902 he
delivered the address to' the graduating class
of the Dartmouth Medical College. Doctor
Blaisdell married, August 29, 1877, Miss
Anna I. White of Goffstown, who, with their
three sons, Arthur George, Percy Newton,
and William Edwin Blaisdell, survive him.

REV. ELWIN HITCHCOCK, D.D.

Rev. Elwin Hitchcock, D.D., pastor of
the M. E. Church at Newport, born at
Stanford, R. I., December 25, 1851, died
January 23, 1919. He was the son of
Barnabas and Sally M. Hitchcock, was
educated at Wilbraham, Mass., Academy,
and entered the Methodist ministry as a
member of the New England Conference,
but was subsequently transferred to the
New Hampshire Conference, and filled suc-
cessful pastorates in Haverhill, Mass.,
Nashua, Keene and Dover. He was for six
years superintendent of the Manchester

New Hampshire Necrology

131

District, and served two years as agent for
the Methodist Clergymen's Pension Fund.
He was assigned to the Newport pastorate
three years ago, and had done successful
work and made many friends during his
incumhonry. For several months last year,
there was no other pastor in town, and he
was greatly over- worked in funeral and other
necessary services, his health giving way
under the strain. He Ls survived by a widow,
who was Miss Harriet Norton Clark, one son,
Ernest C, a ilaughtiM-, Mrs. Leon G. Adams,
and two grantlohildren.

Keyes, November 16, 1917. He served four
terms in the House of Representatives at
Concord, being speaker at the session of 1905,
and was twice a candidate for the Republican
nomination for the National House. He
was collector of customs at Portsmouth, 1898-
1905, had been president of the Rockingham
('ounty Republican Club and of the Republi-
can State Convention in 1904. He served
on the staff of Governor Hiram A. Tuttle.
('olonel Elwell was a member of the Odd
Fellows, Red Men, Sons of Veterans and
Derryfiold Club. He is survived by his

The late Col. Rufus N. Elwell

RUFUS N. EL'^'ELL

Colonel Rufus Newell Elwell, insurance
commissioner of the state of New Hampshire
died in Concord, February 9. He was born
in Detroit, Me., August 24, 1862, the son of
George H., and Hannah E. (Prentiss) Newell.
Educated in the common schools and at
Maine Central Institute, he removed with
his parents to Newton, this state, when
eighteen years of age. For many years he
conducted box manufactories in Newton
and Exeter; was at the head of a general in-
surance agency in Exeter; engaged exten-
sively in lumbering operations; and was
director and manager of the Abbot-Downing
Company, Concord, when appointed insur-
ance commissioner by Governor Henry W.

wife, and by two sons, George W. Elwell, a
lawyer in Boston, and Clinton W. Elwell,
who conducts the insurance agency in Exeter.

CAPTAIN R. A. FRENCH

Captain Robert A. French, of Nashua,
died of pneumonia, December 17, at Wash-
ington, D. C, where he was on duty in the
intelligence bvu-eau of the War Department.
He was born in Nashua, September 13, 1882,
the son of Hon. George B. French, and grad-
uated from the Nashua High School, from
Dartmouth College and from the Harvard
Law School. Since 1908 he had practised
law in Nashua and had been prominent in
politics, serving as councilman, alderman,

132

The Granite Monthly

member of the state House of Representa-
tives, delegate to the Constitutional Conven-
tion of 1912, and associate justice of the
Nashua Municipal Court. He was secretary
of the Hillsborough County P'ish and Game
Protective Association, of the Nashua Coun-
try Club and of the Hillsborough County
Republican Club. He was a 32nd degree
Mason and an Elk and attended the First Con-
gregational Church. He was unmarried.

BURT CHELLIS

Burt Chellis, born in Claremont, Septem-
ber 19, 1860, died at a hospital in Boston on
December 31. He was a graduate of Stevens
High School, Claremont, and of Dartmouth
College in the class of 1883. Studying law
with Hon. Hermon Holt, he was admitted to
the bar in 1886 and had been a successful
practitioner in this state and, from 1908 to
1914, in Los Angeles, Cal. He had extensive
real estate interests in Claremont and was a
man of enterprise and public spirit. He was
a member of the Legislature of 1897 and for
six years was solicitor of Sullivan County and
was chairman of the Claremont Town Build-
ing Committee. He was a 32nd degree Ma-
son and a Knight Templar. June 20, 1900, he
married Miss Esther A. Hubbard of Clare-
mont, who survives him, as do his brother.
Rush Chellis, and a sister, Mrs. W. H. Story.

CHARLES W. GRAY

Charles W. Gray, 69, one of the best known
hotel men in New England, proprietor of
Gray's Inn at Jackson since 1885, died at
Portland, Me., December 12, after two years
of illness. He was a native of Jackson and
was educated in the town schools there and
at Lancaster Academy. He engaged exten-
sively in the luml)er business and in carriage
building before l)ecoming a hotel man.
Since 1898, Mr. Gray had been the proprietor
of the Preble House at Portland, Me., in ad-
dition to his hotel at Jackson. He was twice
a member of the New Hampshire House of
Representatives and belonged to the Odd
Fellows, Elks and Patrons of Husbandry.

ROCKWELL F. CRAIG

Rockwell F. Craig, a leading business man
and prominent resident of Cheshire County,

died at the Elliot City Hospital in Keene,
December 15, as the result of internal inju-
ries received while piling' logs. He was born
in Ryegate, Vt., April 30, 1852, and came to
New Hampshire thirty years ago. He served
two terms in the state legislature, was to re-
turn in January for his third term. He had
served as delegate to the Constitutional Con-
vention and held numerous town offices. He
was a Mason and a Shriner and past master of
Marlow Grange. Mr. Crai^g owned larg«
tracts of land and carried on an extensive
lumber business. LTntil a year ago he owned
the electric light plant in Marlow, which he
established six years ago. Besides a wife he
leaves one son, Capt. Willis P. Craig, in a
camp in Virginia, and one daughter, Mrs.
Frank E. Ross of Keene.

LYMAN M. STEARNS

Lyman M. Stearns, one of the best known
checker players and writers upon the game
in this country, died at a hospital in Man-
chester, from pneumonia, on December 30,
aged sixty years. For twenty-six years he
was state champion and was the author of
3,000 published problems of the game. He
gave many exhibitions of simultaneous play
against as many as forty opponents and also
played blindfolded. He had edited checker
columns in many newspapers and from 1896
to 1901 was the editor of the North American
Checkerboard.

JOHN H. WESLEY

John H. Wesley, one of the men of longest
legislative service in the history of the state
of New Hampshire, died at his home in Dover,
January 9. He was born in South Berwick,
Me., October 16, 1873, and came to Dover as
a boy, gaining his education in the public
schools of that city. In 1899 and 1900 he
represented Ward Five in the City Council
and in 1901 and 1902 in the Board of Alder-
men. Since 1903 he had been continuously a
member of the New Hampshire House of
Representatives. He was a Democrat in
politics, a Roman Catholic in religious belief
and a member of the A. O. H. and Foresters
of America. A wife and two daughters sur-
vive him.

Return to Neiv Hampshire

133

RETURN TO NEW HAMPSHIRE

After an interval of thirty years,
E. H. Rollins and Sons are again to
establish an office in New Hampshire,
the state where this firm had its
early development. The company
was first organized in 1876. The
founder, whose name was given to
the organization, was Edward H.
RolHns, long a United States Senator
and a contemporary of the late ex-
Senator William E. Chandler. The
other founders of the business were
Senator Rollins's sons, Edward W.
Rollins, who is now president of the
company and has been a life-long resi-
dent of Dover, and the late Frank
W. Rollins, ex-governor of New

Hampshire and originator of Old
Home week.

The New Hampshire business of
the firm has grown to such an extent
that it has been thought advisable
once more to open an offi(;e here.

At 705-706 Amoskeag Bank build-
ing, Manchester, an investment serv-
ice will be maintained which will give
especial attention to securities adapted
for the New Hampshire market.

This office will be under the man-
agement of Frederick M. Swan, of
Tilton, who has been connected with
the company for the past thirteen
years, eleven of which have been
spent as a salesman in New Hamp-
shire. He will be assisted by Richard
H. Durell, of Manchester.

vw. WiW «^. j!^..a'i«^..*'.a';a'.W'«'. «/ «^ a^ vi^-

Ben Franklin's
Picture

on a postage stamp has
long been a reminder
that "^ penny saved
is a penny earned.'*

i
On A 1 91 9 War Savings |

Stamp

let his picture remind

you that

$^.00 saved is
SS-OO earned

Keep on

Saving

w.s.s.

at any
Bank or Postoffice

THRIFT IS THE

KEY TO SUCCESS

T^lTflT/^YflTflY^.t^ayA^^

Residential and Factory Fences, Gates, Flower Bed Guards, Tree Guards,
Trellis and Arches.

Made of large, smooth wires, unweakened by bends, wraps or twists.
Every joint has our patent steel clamp to hold the wires in a vise-like grip.

A'"

Our catalog may help you settle more satisfactorily the fence question.
We shall be glad to send it upon request.

WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY

WORCESTER, MASS.

THE LATE HON. SHERBURNE J. WINSLOW

The Granite Monthly

Vol. LI APRIL, 1919 No. 4

SHERBURNE J. WINSLOW

By N. S. Drake

A worthy son of New Hampshire, he always had money at mterest.

who, by his business enterprise, ex- His reward for such economy was the

ecutive ability, economy and thrift, power to engage in business affairs

won a place on the honor roll of his as he did in Pittsfield and elsewhere,

native state, was Sherburne Josiah From teaching, he emerged into

Winslow, who died at his pleasant farming, and became the owner of

home on Main Street, Pittsfield, N. H., one of the best farms in Pittsfield,

February 19, 1919. which, however, was in part given

Mr. Winslow was born March 16, him by his uncle, the late John Sher-
1834, in the town of Nottingham, the burne Tilton. Mr. Winslow always
son of Josiah and Ruth (Tucker) retained this farm in his possession,
Winslow. At the age of three weeks, although it has not been his home
he came to Pittsfield, where he has since his early manhood,
since made his home; and to him and In the early sixties he took a trip
his associates is Pittsfield indebted "Out West," as it was then called,
for the conception and construction and while on this journey visited his
of many of its principal corporate brother, James, who was then work-
features and private enterprises. ing at his trade as a carpenter in

School teaching was his calling Illinois. Mr. Winslow's keen busi-

from the year he was nineteen until ness mind saw at once the opportuni-

well into his twenties, and in this ties there for making money and in

work he was a decided success, develop- addition to making investments for

ing those traits of order, discernment himself he persistently urged his

and energy born in him and trans- brother to buy one hundred sixty

mitted from his noted ancestor, acres of land which was for sale at

Edward Winslow, the Pilgrim, who ten dollars per acre. At length, his

was business manager, as one would brother heeded his advice and bought

say today, of the Plymouth, Massa- the land. Afterwards he erected a

chusetts, Colony. set of buildings on it and made it his

Mr. Winslow was not born with a home until the time of his death,

silver spoon in his mouth, nor did he After his decease his widow refused

have given him the means for a start to accept an offer of two hundred and

on a business career, but he was a twenty-five dollars per acre for the

born financier and was equipped with farm.

the faculties called initiative and After his first western trip Mr.

thrift. In this connection it may be Winslow seldom missed taking an

said that the first monej^ he earned annual tour through the western

in teaching school was $28, paid him states to look after his own and other

by the town of Deerfield. Of this parties' investments,

sum he loaned $24 at 6 per cent inter- In addition to his other activities

est, and from that day until his death he was for many years engaged ia ex-

138

The Granite Monthly

tensive lumbering operations through-
out the New England states.

In 1894, during a period of great
financial depression, he was chosen
assistant treasurer of the Exeter
Manufacturing Company, and it was
through the success of his efforts in
obtaining money at the time, that it
was possible to finance the equip-
ment of the mills with the new ma-
chinery necessary to make a different
class of goods, which he saw that the
market demanded. This step placed
the corporation on a sound business
basis and he scored a brilliant suc-
cess. He was later made treasurer
of the corporation and it was during
his administration that the bleachery
was added to the plant.

In 1898, after the death of George
F. Berry, treasurer of the Pittsfield
Savings Bank, Mr. Winslow was
elected treasurer, which position he
held until the time of his death. To
his efforts, this institution owes much
of its success.

He also took over the insurance
business of Mr. Berry and increased
the same until it has become the
largest fire insurance agency in that
section.

He took an active part in organiz-
ing the Pittsfield Aqueduct Company
and the Pittsfield Gas Company, has
been a director in both companies
ever since they were organized and
was the last survivor of the original
boards of directors. For many years
past he has served as president of both
companies. He superintended the
construction of the entire plant of the
Pittsfield Aqueduct Company. He
was also called upon to superintend
the construction of the Tilton Water
Works and those at the Merrimack
County Farm. Mr. Winslow had been
for many years President of the Old
Home Week Association ; and he was
an excellent presiding officer and a
very ready speaker.

Twice Mr. Winslow was honored
with an election to the New Hamp-
shire Legislature, but he absolutely
declined to be a candidate for a

senatorial nomination. He served as
selectman and as a member of the
school board and filled other town
offices. He was a director in the
Concord and Montreal and Suncook
Valley Railroads.

A Republican in politics and Epis-
copalian in religion, he had for many
years been senior warden and treas-
urer of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church.
He was a member of Corinthian
Lodge, A. F. and A. M.

His home life was made especially
happy through the devoted attention
of his wife, Margaret (Denison), a
widowed daughter, Mrs. Cora W.
Hook, and a granddaughter, Mar-
garet L. Hook, who was his daily
companion and assistant in his work
as treasurer of the Pittsfield Savings
Bank and in his insurance business.
Another accomplished daughter.
Nellie W., married Dr. Frank H.
Sargent, and resides in a beautiful
home in Pittsfield.

It was Mr. Winslow's great
privilege to pass his lifetime on this
earth during the most marvelous
period of time in the world's existence.

He saw both the ancient and mod-
ern methods of living, for nearly all
of the so-called wonderful modern
inventions have become operative
since he was born, the steam railroad,
the telegraph, the telephone, both
local and wireless, electricity for light,
heat, power, etc., the gasoline engine,
the automobile and tractor, the flying
machine, the moving-pictures, and,
in fact, the mechanical making of
any kind of pictures of people; for
the making of daguerreotypes began
in 1839 and photographs came later on.

On the farm at the time of his birth
the implements of agriculture were
but little better than those of the
ancient Egyptians, nearly all work
on the farm being done by hand or
with oxen. The sulky plow, the disc
harrow, the planting, harvesting and
threshing machines, as well as the
mowing machine, the hay tedder, the
horserake, the hay loader and the
hayfork, used to unload the hay, are

The Granite Monthly

139

all modern implements. In this con-
nection we mention the fact that Mr.
Winslow bought the first mowing
machine ever owned in Pittsfield and
used it on his ''Tilton Hill" farm.
In his oflice at the bank he had the
typewriter, the adding machine, etc.,
while in his home was the sewing
machine, the victrola, modern heat-
ing and lighting equipment, etc.; cer-

tainly a marked contrast to the
primitive non-conveniences of his
childhood days.

The majority of our young people
do not realize that nearly all of the
so-called indispensable conveniences of
today, which seem to be necessary in
order to make life worth living, have
been invented and came into use
during the lifetime of Mr. Winslow.

THE BLUE BIRD

By Beta Chapin

From southern fields afar away,
Where long had been his winter's stay.
The blue bird comes on merry wing,
Blithe herald of the tardy spring.

With hearty joy his note is heard,
And glad we greet the well-known bird;
In orchard, field, or garden plot,
He now revisits each loved spot.

And oft with open quivering wings
A soft and pleasing song he sings;
A bird beloved he seems to be,
From harmful habits ever free.

Although as yet white drifts of snow,
Lie here and there, we surely know
That spring, the welcome spring is here.
And vernal scenes will soon appear.

Claremont, N. H.

Sweet bird, we hail thy kind return,
In thee such mildness we discern;
Come near and make thy summer stay,
And cheer our hearts from day to day.

HUNTLEY N. SPAULDING
Federal Food Administrator for the State of New Hampshire

FOOD ADMINISTRATION IN THE GRANITE
STATE DURING THE WORLD WAR

By Richard Whoriskey and James W. Tucker

Chapter I

Original Food Administration of New Hampshire

April 6, 1917 will always be a
memorable day in the history of the
world, for on that day the United
States of America accepted the chal-
lenge of Germany and declared a
state of war existing with her. Slowly
but surely the wheels of the great
democracy of the western hemisphere
began to turn. The future looked
dark indeed, as those in control of our
destiny began to plan not for a one
year war, but for a five year or a ten
year war.

With this thought in mind Presi-
dent Wilson appealed to the people of
the countr3^ The response was im-
mediate. Everyone seemed to realize
that the life of democracy, that form
of government under which for one
hundred and twenty-eight years we
had been prospering, was at stake.
With the same spirit displayed by the
other states of the union, New Hamp-
shire threw its whole energy into the
war. One of the first war measures
put into effect by Gov. Henry W.
Keyes was the establishment of a
Committee on Public Safety, consist-
ing of one hundred members, whose
province was to control all war activ-
ities within the state.

In order to stimulate food produc-
tion and conservation the executive
committee of the Committee on Pub-
lic Safety appointed a sub-committee
of thirty-two men. This committee
soon resolved itself into the Central
Food Committee, consisting of Hunt-
ley N. Spaulding of Rochester, chair-
man, who was to have charge of the
division of organization and super-
vision; Walter C. O'Kane, of New
Hampshire College, vice-chairman,
in charge of the division of finance and
publicity-; 'William H. Folsom, of

* L. B. Robinson was appointed later in

Exeter, in charge of the division of
labor; Frederick W. Taylor, of New
Hampshire College, in charge of the
division of farm production; James S.
Chamberlin, of Durham, in charge of
the division of garden production.

Rooms 156 and 157 in the State
House were selected as headquarters
and C. C. Steck, of New Hampshire
College, was made office manager.
Each town and city in the state
named a local committee on food
production, conservation and dis-
tribution, to cooperate with the Cen-
tral Food Committee. Members of
these committees with members of
local executive committees attended
a conference at the State House on
April 24, 1917, after which they re-
turned to their homes to arouse public
interest, to appoint local supervisors
in the cities, to study the labor prob-
lem connected with the farms, to
make provision for financial assist-
ance and to stimulate farm produc-
tion, home gardens and community
and factory gardens.

County Organizers
On May 1, 1917 the following ex-
pert agriculturists, all of whom, ex-
cept one, were graduates or members
of the faculty of New Hampshire Col-
lege, were chosen to organize and
supervise the work of the various
counties :

Name

County

Headquarters

0. E. Huse

Rockingham

Exeter

C. J. Fawcett

Strafford

Durham

W. R. Wilson

Belknap

Laconia

E. Parsons

Carroll

Wolfeboro

A. H. Brown

Merrimack

Concord

A. E. Smith*

Hillsborough

Nashua'

V. H. Smith

Cheshire

Keene

R. J. Bugbee

Sullivan

Claremont ;

H. P. Young

Grafton

Woodsyille ,

W.J. Nelson

Coos

Lancaster

place of A.' E. Smith who had resigned.

142

The Granite Monthly

These organizers worked inde-
fatigably to arouse public interest
through mass meetings and frequent
conferences. They were on the go
from early morning till late at night
and found the automobiles bought
for them privately an indispensable
necessity in their work.

They served as a direct medium of
contact between the Central Food
Committee and the local food com-
mittees, helped to stimulate and direct
the work of the latter and had over-
sight of the various local supervisors.

Through the generosity of the Na-
tional Civic Federation and the public
spirited interest of Mrs. W. H. Scho-
field of Peterboro, $5,000 was con-
tributed to help defray the expenses of
this work.

Cooperating Agencies

As the churches in the state were
considered a most effective means of
reaching the people, letters were ad-
dressed to the pastors, appealing to
them to urge from their pulpits the
loyal cooperation of their parishioners
in the food campaign.

An appeal was sent also to the
fraternal organizations of New Hamp-
shire asking them to promote in every
possible way the work of the local
food committees. The cooperation
given by these two organizations was
most encouraging to the Central
Committee, for it helped materially
the work of every community.

The State College, responding to
the call for trained supervisors of
community and factory gardens, re-
leased its agricultural students, giv-
ing them full credit for the academic
year. In addition several members
of the faculty were relieved of their
college duties, in order that they
might devote their time to food work.
The laboratories and the teaching
staff were placed at the disposal of the
Central Committee for the training
of emergency demonstrators. The
county agricultural agents shared
their offices with the county organi-
zers and through much of the cam-
paign worked day by day with them,

holding meetings and otherwise assist-
ing in the work.

The superintendents of the county
institutions helped considerably in
the work of increased production by
planting, not only enough potatoes,
beans, etc., for their own use, but also
an extra supply to be sent to the pub-
lic market.

The manufacturers of the state
afforded abundant opportunity to
their employees to raise their own
produce. Two plans were in vogue
in the state. Under one arrangement,
the factory provided a plot of ground,
ploughed and harrowed it and made
it ready for garden work. The land
was then divided into plots and
assigned to individual workmen. The
latter planted what they wished and
were responsible for the results.
Under the other arrangement, the
factory ploughed and harrowed a
tract of land, provided fertilizers and
seeds, and assigned a squad of its
employees to plant the entire tract to
certain staples such as potatoes and
beans. Careful account was kept of
the time put in by the men. The prod-
uct of the plot was then apportioned
to the men at the close of the season
according to their individual credits.

New Hampshire realized early that
"Business as Usual" would make it
impossible to win the war. The fol-
lowing communication with regard to
unnecessary work was sent by the
State Highway Department to all
Boards of Selectmen:

Dear Sir — Because of the critical food
situation it is necessary that the people of
New Hampshire bend every energy to in-
crease food production. All labor that can
properly be directed at present to farm crops
is vitally needed there. In this work the
Highway Department desires to assist.

In cooperating with the Public Safety
Committee it has been suggested that no new
construction work be done on the State Aid
roads until after the haying season.

I, therefore, recommend that you make no
plans to begin your State Aid work until the
first or middle of August. We feel that in
this way more men and teams will be available
for agricultural purposes.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) F. E. Everett,

Commissioner,

Food Administration in the Granite State During the War

143

Mr. C. H. Bean of Franklin, the
New Hampshire representative of the
National Association of Motion Pic-
ture Exhibitors, placed his services at
the disposal of the Central Food Com-
mittee and guaranteed that the mov-
ing picture theatres of the state would
do everything in their power to pro-

direction of Superintendent of Public
Instruction Henry C. Morrison and
Deputy Superintendent G. H.
Whitcher.

Conferences
Almost every Monday during the
1917 food campaign the Central Food
Committee held conferences at the

Traveling Exhibition Booth of the Federal Food Administration for New Hampshire

mote the work of food conservation
by films, shdes or opportunities on the
program for Four-Minute speakers.
The Grange through their State
Master, Fred Rogers of Plainfield,
was one of the most potent factors in
accomplishing the gratifying increase
in planting in the food campaign.
Another cooperating agency that ren-
dered invaluable service was the
school system of the state under the

State House in which at various
times the following took part: Com-
missioner of Agriculture Andrew L.
Felker, Messrs. John B. Jameson,
Frank S. Streeter, Clarence E. Carr
and Roy D. Hunter of the Public
Safety Committee; Messrs. H. C.
Morrison and G. H. Whitcher of the
Department of Public Instruction;
Mr. Starr Parsons of Wolfeboro, the
county agents and their leader M. C.

144

The Granite Monthly

Wilson; Acting President Pettee, Di-
rector J. C. Kendall and Professors
Gourlej^ Prince, Whoriskey, Knowl-
ton and Steck of New Hampshire
College.

The county organizers met the
committee at stated times to report
on the progress of the work in the
different communities. Notes were
compared on local problems, and
many points of value to all were
brought out. The spirit of enthu-
siasm never seemed to wane, despite
the complicated problems that occa-
sionally presented themselves. Mr.
Spaulding frequently expressed his
great admiration of these vigorous
organizers, who travelled hundreds of
miles every week, holding innumerable
conferences and making at times
several speeches a day. It was
through their persistent enthusiasm
that the men, women and children in
their communities were stimulated
to produce more food than they would
need for their own use, in order that
New Hampshire might not be obliged
to buy in markets outside the state.

To make clear to the people, even
in the most remote communities,
the crisis the country was facing,
largely attended mass meetings were
addressed by local speakers, members
of the staff, county organizers, county
agents, ministers and professors of the
State College.

Realizing that thousands of amateur
gardeners must be helped, the Central
Food Committee secured through the
help of the New Hampshire Repre-
sentatives at Washington 17,000
copies of Farmers' Bulletin 818, en-
titled "The Small Vegetable Garden."
This bulletin, well illustrated with
photographs, was distributed by the
local food committees. In addition
to this the Agricultural Department
of the State College prepared fourteen
press bulletins of one page each, which
were sent to the 11,000 farmers and
others on the regular mailing list of
the college. The Central Committee
had 5,000 extra copies of each of these
bulletins printed for distribution by
the local food committees.

Community Gardens

As hundreds of people had no
available land fo;' planting and really
knew little about gardens, cities,
towns and public spirited citizens
offered large tracts of land for culti-
vation and assigned trained super-
visors to aid those who were eager to
produce their own vegetables. The
school boys and girls of the state
under the guidance of Mr. G. H.
Whitcher, Deputy Superintendent of
Public Instruction, took a very active
part in the community garden work.
The Central Committee printed and
distributed 2,500 placards headed
"Wanted 10,000 Home Gardens
Planted by School Boys and Girls."
On these placards clear agricultural
directions and a concise planting table
were given. These were posted by the
district superintendents in the school
rooms throughout the state.

The Farm Labor Problem

To help solve the labor problem on
the farms Mr. Ralph F. Tabor, an
employee of the United States De-
partment of Agriculture and a mem-
ber of the staff of the State College
Experiment Station, was assigned by
the Department of Agriculture and
the Extension Service to work under
the direction of the Central Food
Committee.

Mr. Robert A. Brown, secretary of
the New Hampshire Manufacturers'
Association, detailed by the associa-
tion to work also under the direction
of the Central Food Committee, was
assigned to the task of securing labor
from the manufacturers and helping
to organize the work in the cities.

Local labor agents were appointed
to survey the needs of their communi-
ties and to notify the Central Food
Committee with regard to surplus or
needed help.

The plan adopted at a conference
of the Central Food Committee,
Director Kendall, Commissioner of
Agriculture Felker, Superintendent
Morrison of the State Department of
Pubhc Instruction, Mr. R. F. Tabor
and Mr. R. A. Brown follows:

Food Administration in the Granite State During the War

145

1. In each town there will be a local farm
labor office in charge of a labor agent ap-
pointed by the local food committee.

2. In each county there will be a county
labor office in charge of the county organizer
of the Central Food Committee.

3. At the office of the Central Food Com-
mittee there will be a central farm labor office
for the entire state.

Local Labor Agent

1. The local labor agent will have a list of
the farmers needing help in the town. This
list will be furnished, in part, by the State
Food Committee from information furnished
by the county agricultural agents and will
be augmented by the farmers of the town as
they learn their needs.

2. The local labor office will supply the
local demand for labor from local sources, as
far as possible. For this purpose the local
labor agent will make a survey of available
labor in cities or villages that can be enrolled
for farm work. In addition the local labor
agent will receive from the State Food Com-
mittee, names of men in factories who have
had farm experience and who can work on
farms in the town.

3. On Thursday of each week the local
labor agent will report to the county organizer
as to labor conditions in the town, in order
that the county organizer may act as a clear-
ing house for the county.

County Organizer

1. The county organizer will receive each
week, as noted above, a report from the local
labor agents on local conditions and will en-
deavor to supply men from one town to
another.

2. On Saturday of each week the county
organizer will report to the Central Food
Committee the conditions in his county.

Central Food Committee
From the reports received from the several
counties, factories and other sources, the Cen-
tral Food Committee will endeavor to eaualize
labor conditions over the state, to utilize all
sources of labor supply and to exercise general
supervision over the entire plan.

Conservation, Including Canning

The Central Food Committee after
a conference at the State House with
Dean Knowlton and Director Kendall
of the State College, Commissioner of
Agriculture Felker, Superintendent
Morrison of the Department of Public
Instruction and Chairman Jameson of
the PubUc Safety Committee, de-
cided to recruit thirty-one women
from the teachers of Household Arts in
the high schools of New Hampshire
and to send them to the State College

for one week's intensive training the
latter part of June, prior to sending
them through the state to give demon-
strations and lessons in canning and
conservation. Deputy Superintend-
ent Whitcher was delegated to in-
vestigate the qualifications of the
candidates.

A letter was then sent to each local
food committee asking for the ap-
pointment of a committee of three
women on conservation.

Emergency Demonstrators

The thirty-one women who were
chosen registered June 18 at New
Hampshire State College, where
rooms had been assigned to them and
a course of lectures and demonstra-
tions lasting one week had been
arranged.

Through the able assistance of
Professor O'Kane of the State College
an itinerary was made whereby from
five to eight towns were assigned to
each demonstrator. The plan of
assignment made it possible for a
demonstrator to spend one day in a
community every other week. The
local committee of women in each
community was instructed to perfect
all details for the demonstrations
under the supervision of the county
organizers.

These emergency demonstrators ar-
rived on June 25 in the districts
assigned to them. For six weeks
they gave not only instructions in
canning garden vegetables and fruit
but also demonstrations in the best
methods of conservation. Every-
where they were well received by the
women of the state whose whole-
hearted spirit of cooperation made pos-
sible the remarkable results achieved.

Leaflets
A series of one page bulletins on the
latest methods of canning, with a
special leaflet on Thrift, was prepared
at the State College under the direc-
tion of Dean Knowlton. Forty-one
thousand copies were ordered printed
and distributed by the Central Com-
mittee.

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Food Administration in the Granite State During the War

147

Newspapers
Articles describing the various
phases of the work were prepared and
sent to all newspapers througli the
state and were given wide publicity.
As the season progressed, timely
articles of information were prepared
and were printed by the newspapers.
Throughout the campaign the coop-
eration of the editors was most loyal.

Results Achieved

Mr. G. H. Whitcher, Deputy State
Superintendent of Public Instruction,
in charge of school gardens, made the
following report concerning the crops
planted and harvested by high school
pupils:

"The high schools of the state in
their home field crops plots during the
summer of 1917 produced food worth
$36,610.45. In addition to this, chil-
dren of the graded schools planted and
cared for 17,000 small truck gardens
where no attempt was made to keep a
record of the value of the products.

"Of the high schools that kept
accounts last year, Colebrook Acad-
emv stands in the lead with a crop of
S8,775. The list follows: Alton High,
§2,374.54; Amherst High, $2,100;
Antrim High, S790; Charlestown
High, $300; Coe's Academy, North-
wood Center, $1,800; Colby Acad-
emy, New London, $2,101.45; Cole-
brook Academv, $8,775; Fitzwilliam
High, $300; Gilmanton High, $250;
Hampton High, $600: Hancock High,
$400; Haverhill High, $1,650; Hen-
niker High, $466; Hillsboro High,
$150: Hopkinton High, Contoocook,
$1,064; Jefferson High, $300; Kim-
ball Union Academy, Meriden, $460;
McGaw Institute, Reed's Ferry,
$2,715; Marlboro High, $1,185; Mil-
ford High, $1,400; Pinkerton Acad-
emy, Derry, $1,982; Pittsfield High,
$418; Simonds Free High, Warner,
$1,200; Walpole High, $1,762; White-
field High, $997.46; Wilton High,
$1,070. Total, $36,610.45."

No attempt was made to secure a
complete summary of the increase in
war gardens. The increase in the

number of vegetable gardens was
extremely large. Thousands of men,
women, and children who had not
before planted gardens, prepared plots
of ground and raised supplies of vege-
tables. For the most part these gar-
dens were given good care and the
yield from them was excellent.

The increase in the acreage of the
principal farm crops was beyond all
expectations. The farmers of New
Hampshire responded liberally and
consistently to the call for greater
production. The following table from
the crop reports of the United States
Department of Agriculture shows the
increased acreage for the several New
England states comparing 1917 with
1916, covering such farm crops as are
included in the federal reports.

CROP ACREAGE

1917 Compared with 1916 — Per Cent Increase or Decrease

Corn Buck- Bar- Oats Rye Pota- Total

wheat ley toes

Maine 27 7 -33 20 -3

New Hampshire.. 26 42 . . 46 35

Vermont - 13 -15 4 26 - . 06

Massachusetts ...-24 1 .. -.56 52 -2

Rhode Island .... 18 . . . . . . -20 5

Connecticut -31 .. 6 -12 22 14

The increased value of five principal
farm crops in New Hampshire as given
in the crop report of the United States
Department of Agriculture, compar-
ing 1917 with 1916, is as follows:

Value, 1916 Value, 1917

Com $1,005,000 S2,0S3,000

Buckwheat 20,000 29,000

Barley 25,000 44,000

Oats 306,000 543,000

Potatoes 2,988,000 3,931,000

Totals ?4,344,000 S6,630,000

Increase 2,286,000

Per cent Increase .. 52.6

The above figures do not include
crops such as beans, wheat and others,
not covered in the federal reports.

Figures are not available showing
gains and losses in livestock.

The canning demonstrations cov-
ered every part of the state and were
attended by approximately 35,000
women. The amount of canning suc-
cessfully done was greatly in excess
of normal. Many thousand house-
holds undertook such work for the
first time.

When the county organizers held

148

The Granite Monthly

their last meeting at Concord, they
presented the following testimonial to
Mr. Spaulding:

We, the undersigned, wish hereby to ex-
press our appreciation of Huntley N. Spauld-
ing in his work as chairman of the New Hamp-
shire State Food Committee.

His example of unselfish and zealous inter-
est has been a constant inspiration to us in
our work. Whatever of success has been won
has been due largely to his leadership.

In his future work as food administrator
of New Hampshire, a task calling for every

ounce of energy both physical and mental, we
give him our heartiest wishes for success and
pledge him our loyal support.

(Signed by)
WiLFORD R. Wilson, Belknap County
Albert H. Brown, Merrimack County
Eben Parsons, Carroll County
Westley J. Nelson, Coos County
Oscar E. Huse, Rockingham County
Lewis B. Robinson, Hillsboro County
C. J. Fawcett, Strafford County
Ralph J. Bugbee, Sullivan County
Harry P. Young, Grafton County
Victor H. Smith, Cheshire County

Chapter II
The Federal Food Administration for New Hampshire

Mr. Spaulding's Appointment

When Mr. Herbert Hoover was
called to take the position of Federal
Food Administrator of the United
States, he selected Mr. Huntley N.
Spaulding to act as his representative
in New Hampshire. Below are the
telegrams and letters exchanged by
Mr. Hoover and Mr. Spaulding, rela-
tive to the latter's appointment:

Western Union
Telegram
128 HN. 139 Govt. July 3, 1917.

WA Washington, D. C. 1.15 P. M.
Huntley N. Spaulding:

When Congress passes pending food legis-
lation, President Wilson proposes to ap-
point a Federal Food Commissioner for each
state to serve without compensation and to
administer the many important functions
which will arise in accordinating the work of
the Food Administration here with the various
activities in your state. Each commissioner
would cooperate closely with the Governor
and all state organizations. Can I count on
your being available and could you come to
Washington to discuss the matter? Would
be glad if you could arrive next Tuesday
when representatives from a number of other
states will be here and remain over Wednes-
day. I appreciate that I am asking much of
you but these are times of stress and I sincerely
hope you can come. Kindly consider confi-
dential and wire answer.

(Signed) Herbert Hoover.

3.30 P. M. (Copy)

Western Union
Telegram

7-4-1917.

Herbert Hoover,
Washington :
I will be available and will be in Washing-
ton Tuesday and Wednesday.

Huntley N. Spaulding.
(Copy)

Herbert Hoover
Washington

July 11, 1917.
Huntley N. Spaulding, Esq.
Rochester, N. H.
Dear Mr. Spaulding: I am anxious that
you should act for me in New Hampshire as a
connecting link between our Washington Vol-
unteer Food Administration and the various
food administration activities in the state ; in
fact, as the volunteer Representative of the
Food Administrator.

It is our desire to cooperate fully with the
state organizations and to emphasize their im-
portance and independence, but to secure along
broad lines their adhesion to national policies
in conservation. In fact, I am asking you to
act on our behalf in the nature of an ambas-
sador plenipotentiary to the state, — not to
interfere with the state organization but to
inspire it to the maximum effort and efficiency.
I believe also that with the gentlemen whom
we have asked to act in surrounding states,
you will be able to form regional cooperation.
Awaiting your reply, I am,

Yours faithfully,
(Signed) Herbert Hoover,

Food Administrator.
H/6 (Copy)

Herbert Hoover
Washington

July 14, 1917.
Huntley N. Spaulding, Esq.,
Rochester, N. H.
Dear Mr. Spaulding: With reference to
your acting as my Representative in New
Hampshire, I enclose herewith copy of letter
which I am sending to Governor Keyes.

We will be pleased to hear from you in the
near future, in regard to the progress you are
making in organizing for the work in your
state, and wish to emphasize most strongly
that all of us here are anxious to be of every
possible assistance at all times.

It was a great personal pleasure to me, and
to the members of my staff, to meet you last
Tuesday and Wednesday, and I trust that

Food Administration in the Granite State During the War

149

the relationship so auspiciously bcKun will be
maintained to our mutual satisfaction.
Yours faithfully,
(Signed) Herbert Hoover.
H/6 (Copy)

July 14, 1917.
His Excellency, Henry W. Keyes,
Governor of New Hampshire,
Concord, N. H.

My Dear Gorenior: You will remember
recommending Mr. Huntley N. Spaulding of
Rochester for the position of Federal Food
Commissioner in New Hampshire.

Congress has not yet passed the Food Bill
and until it does I have asked Mr. Spaulding
to act for me as the connecting link between
the various food administration activities in
the state and our Volunteer Food Administra-
tion in Washington; in fact, as a volunteer
Representative of the Food Administrator.

As it is our desire to cooperate fully with
the state organizations, I shall hope for yoiu"
interest and assistance; accordingly anything
which you may do to facilitate ]\Ir. Spauld-
ing's work will be greatly appreciated by me,
as well as by him. Yours faithfully,

(Signed) Herbert Hoover.
H/6 J.W.H.:S. (Copy)

Western Union
Telegram
108B FN 54 Govt.

FA Washington, D. C. 3.50 P. M.

Aug. 14, 1917.
Huntley N. Spaulding,

(Personal) Food Conservation Committee
of New Hampshire

State House, Concord, N. H.
It gives me pleasure to inform you that the
President has today approved your appoint-
ment as Federal Food Commissioner for your
state. List of appointees will be given by us
to the press latter part of this week.

(Signed) Herbert Hoover.
5.17 P. M. (Copy)

Concord, N. H., August 15, 1917.
Herbert Hoover, Esq.,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. Hoover: Your telegram received.
I will be very glad to cooperate with you in
any way. •

Please be assured that it will give me much
pleasure to carry out any instructions you
may have for me. Yours very truly,

(Signed) Huntley N. Spaulding.
(Copy)

Food Administration
Washington

August 18, 1917.
Huntley N. Spaulding, Esq.,
State House,

Concord, N. H.

Dear Mr. Spaulding: It gives me much
pleasure to inform you that President Wilson
has approved your appointment as Federal
Food Commissioner for the state of New
Hampshire to represent in the state the United
States Food Administration.

This appointment is pursuant to the "Act
to provide further for the national security
and defense by encouraging, conserving the
supply, and controlling the distribution of
food products and fuel," generally known as
the Food Bill approved by President Wilson,
August 10, 1917, copy of which you have.

The hopes of the Food Administration are
threefold. First, to so guide the trade in the
fundamental food commodities as to elimi-
nate vicious speculation, extortion and wasteful
practices and to guard our exports so that
against the world's shortage, we retain suffi-
cient supphes for our own people and to coop-
erate with the Allies to prevent inflation of
prices, and third, that we stimulate in every
manner within our power the saving of our
food in order that we may increase exports to
our Allies to a point which will enable them
to properly provision their armies and to
feed their peoples during the coming winter.

The Food Administration is called into be-
ing to stabilize and not to disturb conditions
and to defend honest enterprise against illegit-
imate competition. It has been devised to
correct the abnormalities and abuses that
have crept into trade by reason of the world
disturbance and to restore business as far as
may be to a reasonable basis.

I am glad to have your cooperation in our.
endeavors. Yours faithfully,

(Signed) Herbert Hoover,
U. S. Food Administrator.
(Copy)

Concord, N. H., August 21, 1917.
Herbert Hoover, Esq.,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. Hoover: This is to acknowledge
receipt of your letter of August 18th relative
to President Wilson's approval of my appoint-
ment as Federal Food Commissioner of the
state of New Hampshire. I shall be very
glad to cooperate with you and to carry out
your wishes in every way possible.
Yours very sincerely,
(Signed) Huntley N. Spaulding.
(Copy)

150

The Granite Monthly

Chapter III
Organization

After Mr. Spaulding's appointment
as Mr. Hoover's representative in
New Hampshire, he made a careful
study of the best way to keep in
constant touch with all the people of
the State. Although the county rep-
resentative plan was put into opera-
tion in many states, organization by
towns seemed preferable for the work
in New Hampshire. Accordingly

The organization, when completed,
included two hundred and twenty
local food administrators whose names
appear on a later page. These men
were a bulwark of strength to the food
administrator, for not only did they
carry out faithfully and efficiently his
requests but also gave valuable advice
in the solution of particular problems.
Their work was frequently most ex-

Complimentary dinner given to tlie Local Food Administrators by H. N. Spaulding
(Parish House, Concord, May 9, 1918)

Prof. W. C. O'Kane was delegated to
visit each town in order to recommend
as local representative the man best
fitted for the task.

Local Food Administrators
Professor O'Kane spent the greater
part of three months in this work,
visiting the various sections of the
state and consulting the leaders in
every town, in order to get men who
could be trusted to carry out the re-
quests of the Federal Food Adminis-
trator discreetly, and were willing to
give both time and thought to the
duties that would devolve upon them.

acting, especially in the distribution
of bulletins and posters, in the ration-
ing of sugar, the regulation of public
eat^g places and the examination, in
the larger communities, of the bakers'
weekly reports. They were a con-
stant source of inspiration to Mr.
Spaulding, as they willingly gave their
time and energy to the duties he called
on them to perform. The following
message from Mr. Hoover to Mr.
Spaulding was cordially welcomed by
the latter as expressing his apprecia-
tion also of the work accomplished by
the local food administrators:

Food Administration in the Granite State During the War

151

I wish you would express to each local food
administrator in your state the great apprecia-
tion we all have for the fine service they have
given to our common task. I was partic-
ularly struck by the repeated occasions during
our recent conference when such expressions
arose as ''We can, and must depend upon our
local administrators for that" or "our local
administrators will put that over," or "our
local administrators have done this or that."
All these expressions recalled to me the rela-
tion of the army staff to the men on the firing
line, and I wish you would take the opportu-
nity to thank them in my name for their great
service to their country and her people at
home.

(Signed) Herbert Hoover.

Visit of Canadian Food
Administrators

Another flattering honor paid to
New Hampshire was the visit of Mr.
James W. Robinson and Mr. Mac-
aulay of the Canadian Food Adminis-
tration, on December 13, 1917. These
gentlemen had spent several days in
Washington studying the work of the
U. S. Food Administration and were
urged by the officials there to visit
New Hampshire to make a special
study of the work of the New Hamp-
shire Food Administration. They
were most favorablj^ impressed not
only by the functioning of the local
food administrators but also by that of
the unit chairmen.

The Staff

On the withdrawal of Prof. C. C.
Steck to resume his college work in
September, Mr. James W. Tucker, a
newspaper man of Concord, was made
office manager. It was not long be-
fore Mr. Tucker had such a knowledge
of the details connected with the office
that he was made executive secretary.
In this position he became indispen-
sable in the work of the Food Ad-
ministration, serving up to the present
time.

As the food situation became more
critical in the Spring of 1918 it was
evident that there would be plenty of
work for additional men in the office.
The first men chosen were Mr.
Winthrop Carter, Chief of the Division
of Industrial Consumption, after-
wards called to take a position with

the Shipping Board, and Mr. George
N. Towle, of Effingham, Chief of the
Division of Distribution. Later Prof.
W. C. O'Kane was made Chief of the
Division of Miscellaneous Activities
and Mr. James S. Chamberlin, who
had had charge of outdoor advertising
was made Chief of the Division of
Retail Grocers. During the rationing
of sugar in the summer the latter was

United States Ja09.ADMiNiSTRATio>r

anar

^his establishment stands pledged
to serve absolutely no luheat products
ujhatsoeuer until the next haruest or
until released |rom said pledge by the
llnited Slalesjbod ^dministrator^-

(^he cooperation of the public is
asked in this patriotic endeauor:

reJeral I'CKxJt/fdministrator-

yy///j/Jimjjimiwij,i,„„„„,„„, -

Hotel Wheatless Pledge Card

assisted by Mr. Robert Jameson of
Antrim. Mr. J. Ben Hart of Man-
chester, who had served ably as
chairman of the Hotel and Restaurant
Committee became Chief of the Hotel
Division and Prof. H. H. Scudder was
appointed Director of Public In-
formation. Mr. John F. Cloutman of
Farmington and Prof. C. C. Steck,
first detailed as Baking Inspectors,
were placed in charge of the Divisions
of Public Eating Places and Industrial
Consumption respectively. Other
members of the staff were Mr. Roy D.
Hunter, Mr. David E. Murphy, Mr.
Walter B. Farmer, Mrs. Mary I.
Wood, Miss Catharine A. Dole, Miss
Grace Blanchard and Prof. Richard
Whoriskey. Below will be found a
list of those who served three months
or longer on the staff, with other data,
including biographies.

The members of the staff met fre-

152

The Granite Monthly

quently in conference with Mr. Spauld-
ing, and although their work often
kept them in the office till near mid-
night, it all really seemed a source of
pleasure rather than drudgery.
There were occasional breaks from the
routine, when the Staff made trips

to the Beaver Meadow Links with
the Food Administrator, to have an
informal supper. This was not al-
ways complete diversion, however, for
the problems of Food Administration
were usually the chief topic of con-
versation.

Name
James W. Tucker
James S. Chamberlin
George N. Towle
John F. Cloutman
George A. Place
Walter C. O'Kane
Richard Whoriskey

Charles C. Steek

Harold H. Scudder
J. Ben Hart

Walter B. Farmer
David E. Murphy
Roy D. Hunter
Frederick E. Hooper
Frederick W. Mansfield
Mrs. Mary I. Wood
Miss Catherine A. Dole

Miss Grace Blancbard

Tide

Executive Secretary

Head Div. Retail Grocers

Head Div. Distribution

Head Div. Public Eating Places

Chief Div. Mfgs.

Head Div. Misc. Activities

Head Div. Cooperating Organiza-
tions

Head Div. Industrial Consump-
tion

Director of Public Information

Chairman Hotel and Restaurant
Committee

Head Div. Fish Industry

Merchant Representative

Head Live Stock Comm.

Baking Inspector

Home Economics Director

State Sec. Volunteer College
Workers

Library Director

STAFF

Address

Concord, N.H. Oct.

Durham, N. H. Aug.

Mountainview, N. H. Feb.

Farmington, N. H. May

Concord, N. H. Aug.

Durham, N. H. Aug.

Durham, N.H.

Term of Service

1, 1917, to date

10, 1917, to Dec. 1. 1918

18, 1918, to Feb. 1, 1919

8, 1918, to Dec. 1, 1918

1, 1918, to Dec. 1, 1918

10, 1917, to Feb. 1, 1919

June 1, 1918, to Oct. 1, 1918

Durham, N. H. Aug.

Durham, N. H. Mar.

Manchester, N. H. Aug.

Hampton Falls, N.H. June

Concord, N.H. Sept.

Claremont, N. H. Oct.

Concord, N. H. June

Concord, N.H. June

Portsmouth, N. H. Aug.

Lebanon, N. H. July

Concord, N.H. Oct.

10, 1917, to Oct. 1, 1918
1, 1918, to Oct. 1, 1918

10, 1917, to Feb. 1, 1919
1, 1918, to Dec. 1, 1918

12, 1917, to Feb. 1, 1919
1, 1917, to Feb. 1, 1919
6, 1918,toSept.l5, 1918
5, 1918,toSept.l5,|191S

10, 1917. to Feb. 1, 1919

1, 1918. to Feb. 1. 1919
1, 1917, to Feb. 1. 1919

Biographies of the Staff Members of the Federal Food Adminis-
tration for New Hampshire

Huntley N. Spaulding

Huntley N. Spaulding, North Roch-
ester, N. H.; born October 30,
1869, Townsend, Mass. Early edu-
cation received in public schools of
Townsend; graduate of Lawrence
Academy, Groton, Mass., and Philips
Andover Academy, Andover, Mass.
Married August 11, 1900, Harriet Ma-
son. Manufacturer; partner Spauld-
ing, Limited, London, England; part-
ner J. Spaulding & Sons Company,
Rochester, N. H., with factories in
Townsend Harbor, Mass., Tonawanda,
New York, Rochester, North Roches-
ter, Milton, N. H., offices in Chicago,
New York City, and Boston; president
International Leather Company, Bos-
ton, Mass.; president Atlas Leather
Company, Caseyville, 111.; vice-presi-
dent Spaulding & Frost, Fremont,
N. H.; vice-president Hill, Smith
Leather Goods Company, Boston.
Appointed Federal Food Adminis-
trator for New Hampshire by Presi-
dent Wilson, August 14, 1917; honor-

ary degree Doctor of Science conferred
by New Hampshire College in recog-
nition of services to state May 15,
1918.

George Napier Towle

George Napier Towle, born April
24, 1865, Biddeford, Me., where
father. Dr. Benjamin N. Towle, who
was assistant surgeon 15th New
Hampshire Volunteers, had settled
after his return from Civil War.
Later removed to Somerville, Mass.,
then to Charlestown, Mass. Mr.
Towle graduated Charlestown High
School 1883, afterwards attending a
commercial college. First employ-
ment with Tower, Giddings & Com-
pany, bankers; 1890 became member
Boston Stock Exchange and formed
firm Leland, Towle & Company,
stock brokers; in 1889 firm dissolved
and was succeeded by Towle & Fitz-
gerald; in 1910 he became partner in
the firm of Thompson, Towle & Com-
pany with offices in Boston and New
York; member New York Stock Ex-

Food Administration in the Granite State During the War

153

change and governor Boston Stock
Excliange for a considerable period;
since 1915, when firm Thompson,
Towle & Compan}^ dissolved, retired.
Present home in Effingham, N. H.,
Carroll County, where he devotes his
time to farming. Member Algonquin,
Country Club and Rocky Mountain
Club, New York. Chief division dis-
tribution. Federal Food Administra-
tion for New Hampshire.

Walter Collins O'Kane

Walter Collins O'Kane, Durham,
N. H.; born November 10, 1877, Col-
umbus, Ohio. Graduated Ohio State
University, B.A. 1897, M.A. 1909.
Entomologist New Hampshire State
College; newspaper and magazine
work, 1897-1909; professional work
1909 to date; Deputy Commissioner
of Agriculture, state of New Hamp-
shire. ^Married Clifford Hethering-
ton, 1902; four children. Vice-chair-
man New Hampshire Emergency
Food Production Committee, 1917,
assistant executive manager 1918;
chief division miscellaneous activities.
Federal Food Administration for New
Hampshire.

Mary I. Wood

Mary I. Wood, Portsmouth, N. H.;
born January 18, 1866, Woodstock,
Vt. Early education Black River and
Vermont academies. Corresponding
secretary General Federation of
Woman's Clubs; chairman New
Hampshire Division, Woman's Com-
mittee, Council of National Defense;
was for fourteen years manager bureau
of information, General Federation of
Woman's Clubs; for several years
editor club page, Ladies' Home Jour-
nal; has been member State Board of
Charities and Correction of New
Hampshire; member Board of Public
Instruction, Medford, Mass., and
Portsmouth, N. H.; president State
Federation of Woman's Clubs. Mar-
ried October 14, 1884, George A.
Wood; four children. Director home
economics. Federal Food Administra-
tion for New Hampshire.

James Sanderson Chamberlin
James Banderson Chamberlin,
"Turn o' th' Road" Farm, Durham,
N. H.; farmer; born June 13, 1875,
Milton, Penn., Lafayette College, East-
on, Penn., class 1896. For number of
years with American Car and Foun-
dry Company. For five years mana-
ger one of its plants, Manchester,
England. Married July 23, 1908,
Milicent C. Coleman; three children.
Chief, retailer's department, sugar
division. Federal Food Administra-
tion for New Hampshire, also chief,
out-of-door advertising section, pub-
licity division.

J. Ben Hart

J. Ben Hart, Manchester, N. H.;
born April 26, 1865, Portsmouth,
N. H. Grammar school education,
graduated Bryant & Stratton Business
College, 1880. Public accountant;
summer hotel business; secretary and
treasurer Derryfield Club, Manches-
ter; secretary New Hampshire Hotel
Association; treasurer and clerk First
Unitarian Society; auditor Manches-
ter chapter Red Cross. Married
June 1, 1899 to Alice Chandler; one
child. Chairman hotel and restau-
rant committee. Federal Food Admin-
istration for New Hampshire.

Roy D. Hunter

Roy D. Hunter, West Claremont,
N. H.; born Carson, Nev., 1873;
farmer; married; two children; chair-
man live stock committee, Federal
Food Administration for New Hamp-
shire.

Charles C. Steck

Charles C. Steck, Durham, N. H.;
born March 24, 1884, Wheaton, 111.
Early education North Western Acad-
emy, Naperville, 111. Graduated
Wheaton College 1906, University of
Chicago 1911. 1907-1909 instructor
mathematics Geneseo Collegiate Insti-
tute, Geneseo, 111. Professor mathe-
matics New Hampshire State College
1911-1919. Married, 1909, Jennie

154

The Granite Monthly

Ward Kinsman ; three children. Office
manager central committee on food
production, conservation and distribu-
tion; chief baking division and chief
division industrial consumption, Fed-
eral Food Administration for New
Hampshire.

John F. Cloutman

John F. Cloutman, Farmington,
N. H.; born Farmington, May 18,
1877. Early education pubhc schools
Farmington until 1893, graduated
St. Johnsbury (Verinonl) Academy,
June 1895. Shoe manufacturer.
Married July 12, 1902, Bessie E.
Wentworth of Farmington; two chil-
dren. Chief department public eating
places, sugar division, Federal Food
Administration for New Hampshire,
also baking inspector for short period.

Harold H. Scudder

Harold H. Scudder, Durham, N. H.;
born Washington, D. C, January 10,
1880; educated Dartmouth College;
took up newspaper work on Manches-
ter (N. H.) Union, continuing journal-
istic work in New England and at
Spokane, Washington; entered De-
partment of English, New Hampshire
State College, 1913. Married, 1912,
Delia Ida Pike; two children. Pub-
licity director. Federal Food Admin-
istration of New Hampshire.

David Edward Murphy

David Edward Murphy, Concord,
N. H. ; born in Concord and educated
in public schools there. Dry goods
merchant. Director First National
\ Bank; trustee Union Trust Company,
Concord; trustee State Industrial
School under administrations of Gov-
ernors McLane, Quimby and Bass.
Married April 26, 1905, Catherine
Louise Prentis. State merchant rep-
resentative. Federal Food Adminis-
tration for New Hampshire.

Grace Blanchard

Grace Blanchard, Concord, N. H.;
born Dunleith, 111. Early education
public and high schools, Concord;
graduated Smith College 1882; City

Librarian, Concord, for many years;
library publicity director. Federal Food
Administration for New Hampshire.

Catherine A. Dole

Catherine A. Dole, Lebanon, N. H.;
born December 25, 1869, Haverhill,
N. H.; early educatio i public schools,
Lebanon. Graduated Smith College,
1891; teacher Lebanon High School,
1897-1914; at present superintendent
schools Hanover-Plainfield district;
state secretary of volunteer college
workers for Federal Food Adminis-
tration of New Hampshire.

Walter B. Farmer

Walter B. Farmer, Hampton Falls,
N. H.; born April 5, 1876, Arlington,
Mass. Early education grammar and
high school that city and Goddard
(Vermont) Seminary. Farmer. Mar-
ried June 9, 1899, Gertrude S. Jones;
two children. Has been interested in
increasing grain growing and live
stock, especially thorough bred ani-
mals, and all modern farming methods.
Chief division of salt water fishermen,
Federal Food Administration for New
Hampshire.

George A. Place

George A. Place, Concord, N. H.;
born Concord; haberdasher; unmar-
ried; chief department of manufac-
turers, Federal Food Administration
for New Hampshire.

James William Tucker

James William Tucker, Concord,
N. H.; born April 4, 1885, at Concord;
married; three children; newspaper
and publicity work; executive secre-
tary Federal Food Administration of
New Hampshire.

Richard Whor^skey

Richard Whoriskey, Durham, N. H. ;
born Cambridge, Mass., December 2,
1874; graduate student Harvard Uni-
versity, 1897-1898; member of faculty
New Hampshire State College since
January, 1899; secretary College Ad-

Food Administratioti in the Granite State During the War

155

ministration Committee; former pres- Boston. Chief division of cooperating

ident modern language section, New organizations, Federal Food Adminis-

Hanipshiro Teachers' Association: tration for New Hampshire, and one

former president New Hampshire of the speakers of the administration

Schoolmasters' Club; Harvard Club, since April, 1917.

^Yomen^s Part in tlie Food Work

As the problem of the Food Admin-
istration was to reach all the homes in
the state, it was necessary to have a
woman in every community to do
this work. The New Hampshire
Branch of the Woman's Committee
of National Defense, with a unit

ling from one town to another to in-
spire her assistants — and she called
every woman in the state her assist-
ant — to renewed cooperation with the
Food Administration.

Besides this inspirational work,
Mrs. Wood was called upon, as home

Unit Chairmen New Hampshire Branch, Woman's Committee Council of National Defense

chairman in eveiy town, whose names
appear on a later page, was just the or-
ganization for this purpose. It offered
its services to Mr. Spaulding through
its chairman, Mary I. Wood, who was
later appointed bj' ]\Ir. Hoover, home
economics director- for New Hamp-
shire. The offer was gladly accepted,
and throughout the war the unit
chairmen achieved remarkable results.

Home Economics Director

These results were due in great
measure to the devoted leadership
of Mrs. Mary I. Wood. Of unusual
physical endurance and tremendous
enthusiasm she kept in close contact
with the women of the state, travel-

economics director, to devote'a great
deal of time to office work. Thou-
sands of letters came to her asking for
special advice, receipts, menus and
suggestions. These letters received
careful attention, and every effort
was made to encourage the housewives
of the state in their effort to carry
out the wishes of the food adminis-
trator.

In fact the articulation of this
organization with the office of the
Federal Food Administration for New
Hampshire and the housewives of
the state was so good that Mr. Hoover
requested Mr. Spaulding to draw up
an outline of it for the use of the food
administrators in the other states.

156

The Granite Monthly

Correspondence
The following letters between Wash-
ington and Federal Food Adminis-
trators relative to New Hampshire's
organization for conservation work
will be of interest to the people of
New Hampshire.

United States Food Administration
Washington, D. C.

In your reply refer to
6-H-3
October 3, 1917.
To All Federal Food Administrators:

Dear Sir: Mr. Huntley N. Spaulding,
Federal Food Administrator for New Hamp-
shire, has perfected an exceptionally effective
organization throughout his state. When in
Washington recently with Mrs. Mary I.
Wood, Home Economics Director for New
Hampshire, he explained in detail the organi-
zation of women's activities.

The plan adopted in New Hampshire
which is working so successfully along the
lines of food conservation, was so interesting
and is doing such effective work, that we re-
quested Mr. Spaulding to write an outline of
this plan upon hisreturn to Concord. Quot-
ing from Mr. SpaulcHng's letter: "The theory
is to establish a machinery so completely and
minutely organized among the women that
there is a definite channel from the state
authority to the home and those who live
therein."

As the success of the campaign for food
conservation depends so largely upon reaching
the housewife in the home, personally and
effectively, we enclose herewith a copy of this
. plan which we feel sure will be of interest —
and possible use — ^to you.

Faithfully yours,
U. S. Food Administration,
(Signed) Herbert C. Hoover.
(Copy)

United States Food Administration

Federal Food Administrator for New

Hampshire

Huntley N. Spaulding

State House, Concord, N. H.,

Sept! 20, 1917.
Mr. Herbert C. Hoover,
U. S. Food Administration,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. Hoover: As suggested in your
letter of September 14th, it is a pleasure to
write you an outline of the plan that we are
following in organizing the women's activities
of New Hampshire.

Perhaps it would be as well to preface the
outline by a statement of the general princi-
ple under which this organization, as well as
that of the men, is carried out. This prin-
ciple is briefly that of extending divisions and
sub-divisions throughout the state until there

is brought about actual contact with the in-
dividual in the household. In other words,
the theory is to establish a machinery so com-
pletely and minutely organized among the
women that there is a definite channel from
the state authority to the home and those who
live therein.

Every effort is made to carry this through
completely and minutely. This channel then
serves for conveying to the individual what-
ever advice it may be the desire of the state
authority to transmit, or whatever informa-
tion or instruction may be received from the
Food Administration at Washington. Just as
far as this machinery is rendered complete
tind practical it is available for each lesson or
each movement. In other words, the effort
expended in securing efficiency of a complete
organization of this kind, I believe to be trebly
worth while, because the machinery is useable
day by day and week by week.

The organization of Women's Activities is
entrusted to Mrs. Mary I. Wood of Ports-
mouth, officially appointed as Home Eco-
nomics Director of New Hampshire and work-
ing as a representative of the Federal Food
Administrator for New Hampshire in all that
pertains to food problems in the home. Mrs.
Wood is the head of the Women's Council of
Defense of the state and thus represents the
official choice of the women themselves.

It will thus be seen that in matters relating
to food problems within the household, the
Federal Food Administrator carries out meas-
ures of this nature through the agency of the
women themselves. To Mrs. Wood and her
organization is delegated responsibility as
well as authority. They are co-workers with
the Federal Food Administrator. They dis-
cuss with him measures that are in con-
templation. With him rests the ultimate
decision, but in practice plans are evolved
cooperatively. The women share in discission
and decision, and by virtue of this fact they
logically and willingly assume definite respon-
sibility.

To transmit these plans to the household
the state has been divided into districts con-
sisting of about five towns or townships each,
depending upon the population or other fac-
tors. Each of these districts is sub-divided
by towns with a committee chosen for each
town. Each town again is sub-divided into
groups of twenty-five families.

A supervisor has been selected for each of
these districts to have charge of the organiza-
tion and coordination of the various normal
activities of women within that territory. In
charge of each group of twenty-five families
there is a local leader who will carry into each
of the twenty-five homes assigned her a
printed pamphlet containing a resume of the
food lesson of the month. This printed les-
son, in addition to the verbal message that the
local leader will carry, should give the house-
wife a more comprehensive idea of the message
that the demonstrator seeks to convey.

Food Administration in the Granite State During the War 157

Thus in the city of Portsmouth, with 2,000
famiHes, there are eighty local leaders or one
to each twenty-five families. In smaller
communities the number is proportionately
less and in larger communities proportion-
ately greater.

This then furnishes the machinery by which
a direct line is estaiilishcd from the Federal
Food Administrator to each ultimate house-
hold. In order to provide for all these house-
wives thoroughly practical, scientific advice
and hclj), there has been established a force of
ten Home Economics teachers. These have
been selected by the State College. Each one
is adequately and scientifically trained and is
possessed of such personal qualities as enables
her to transmit her knowledge readily.

The entire state has been divided into ten
instructional districts corresponding in part
to the ten counties of the state, but with some
added emphasis on cities. In those parts of
the state in which farm women had already
been organized, vmder the State College Ex-
tension Service, due recognition is made of
this fact, and the organization is included in
the plan. One of the Home Economics
teachers has been assigned to each instruc-
tional district. Within her district a complete
schedule has been arranged so that she visits
each community once a month. As a rule,
she has an entire day for each community but
occasionally spends an afternoon at one place
and an evening at another nearby. In each
community, she presides at a meeting of the
local leaders and any other women who would
like to attend.

The meeting serves three purposes. It
enables the teacher to convey and explain the
food lesson of the month as received from the
Food Administration at Washington or other
instructions that may be desirable, explaining
at the same time the facts on which the lesr
sons or instructions are based. It gives
opportunitjs for the housewives who attend,
to exchange information that they have
gained through practical experience, and it ,
affords a channel by which knowledge of the
conditions through the state may reach the
Food Administrator.

The ten Home Economics teachers are pro-
vided by the State College and are directed
by the college authorities as to their instruc-
tional methods. The .subject matter of the
lessons is determined and furnished by the
Food Administration at Washington.

I trust that this brief outline may serve
your purpose, and I shall be delighted to
answer any questions as to detail.
Sincerely yours,

(Signed) H. N. Spaulding,
Federal Food Administrator
For the Stale of Neiv Hampshire.

Unit Chairmen
With such an organization of loj'al
women efficiently led by Mrs. Mary I.
Wood it was necessary for the food

administrator for New Hampshire
simply to express his wishes and the
results were assured. The enthusi-
asm began at a meeting in July, 1917,
in Concord, of the unit chairmen from
all parts of the state, which was ad-
dressed by John B. Jameson, Huntley
N. Spaulding, Miss Ida Tarbell and
Dean Sara Louise Arnold. From that
day till the signing of the armistice,
seventeen months later, the women
of the state were the very backbone
of the food administration work.

The first definite duty, aside from
the food lessons explained above, was
the distribution of the Hoover pledge
cards. The first campaign, begun in
August, resulted in the signing of
45,000 cards. In the second cam-
paign in October New Hampshire
won a rank among the first in the
Union, for 80,000 families, i. e., about
80 per cent of the families in the state,
signed the pledges vohmtarily.

In April, 1918, the unit chairmen
made a survey of the flour and sugar
supply in the various households of
the state. This survey was carefully
and thoroughly made and resulted in
signed statements of 95,000 house-
holders, showing the amount of flour
and sugar in each house.

After the signing of the armistice
it became necessary to arouse the
women to the necessity of continuing
a program of general thrift. Again
the women showed a keen interest in
spreading the information concerning
the food situation of the world and the
need for continued thrift.

Conservation

Now that the organization had been
settled, the next step was to set the
machinery going. The immediate
problem was conservation. Two
methods were possible, comptilsory
rationing with adequate police super-
vision or volimtary conservation.
Mr. Hoover, considering the latter the
American way, adopted it. Some may
say that people were forced to save
because of the fear of legal conse--
quences. This may have been so in

158

The Granite Monthly

many cases, but when viewed by and
large, the American way was a tre-
mendous success, for thousands upon
thousands conserved, because they
had the same spirit of patriotism that
our soldiers had, who offered their
lives that democracy might Kve.

Home Demonstration Agents
As the policy of the New Hamp-
shire Food Administration was to use
every available force as a cooperating
agency, an arrangement was effected
with the State College, the U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture, the New
Hampshire Branch, Woman's Coun-
cil of National Defense and later with
the Farm Bureaus for the women's
work in the state. Through this
arrangement the state college had
charge of the instructional work and
the Food administration furnished
the vehicle for carrying the instruc-
tions to the people. Upon the New
Hampshire branch, Woman's Council
of National Defense, fell the task of
distributing bulletins and arranging
for the meetings at which the following
ten home demonstration agents gave
demonstrations.

Ann F. Beggs — Hillsboro County
M. Pearl Grant — Merrimack County-
Dorothy Emerson — Portsmouth
Ida D. Moulton — Strafford, Carroll Counties
Helen E. Osborne — ^Rockingham
Ruth W. Sykes — Nashua and Concord
M. Roseland Tilden — Belknap County
H. Irene Weed — Sullivan, Cheshire, Merri-
mack Counties
Olive Wilkins — Manchester
Kathryn Woods — Sullivan
Neva E. Woods — Coos County

These young women were as fine a
group of patriots as New Hampshire
produced during the war. Tireless

in their energy they worked day and
night under their state leader. Miss
Bertha Titsworth of the Extension
Service, New Hampshire College.
Many a day during the terribly severe
winter of 1917-1918 they made their
way over almost impassable roads,
frequently suffering severely from the
intense cold. Undaunted they kept
up their work and accomplished great
things.

Although they gave demonstrations
on saving fats, uses of cornmeal, war
breads, meat savers, milk and its
products, war time menus, child and
invalid feeding, the making and the
use of the fireless cooker and the pres-
ervation and use of greens, they em-
phasized, after the 50-50 rule became
effective, at every demonstration, the
use of wheat substitutes. They took
an active part also in all the special
food campaigns.

Statistics gathered by Miss Tits-
worth at many of the demon strati-ons
in April show that 545 families re-
ported an increase of 80 per cent in the
use of milk because of the demonstra-
tions. Furthermore 387 families re-
ported an average use of 11.2 pounds
of wheat per week in 1917 and 4.4
pounds per week in 1918; 375 families
reported a weekly saving of 2,674.25
pounds of wheat per week, and 226
families reported a saving of 897.73
pounds per week.

On July 1, 1918, the home demon-
stration agents severed their connec-
tion with the New Hampshire Food
Administration, although they con-
tinued to give demonstrations in
canning and drying under the aus-
pices of the Extension Service of New
Hampshire College.

Cooperating Organizations

Churches
In order to get the fullest coopera-

with Father Brophy, representing
Bishop Guertin of the Catholic Church,
tion of the churches of the state a and Bishop Parker of the Episcopal
representative of the Food Ad minis- Church, both of whom helped im-
tration had very cordial interviews mensely in the work of food conserva-

Food Administration in the Granite State During the War

159

tion. Letters were also sent to every
minister in New Hampshire and on
May 28 the Hoover message was read
in 585 churches of the state.

Fraternal Organizations

Copies of the Hoover message were
sent to the 1,496 fraternal organiza-
tions of New Hampshire with the re-
quest that resolutions be adopted to
abstain as far as possible from the
use of wheat till the next harvest; to
limit the consumption of meat, in-
cluding poultry, to two pounds per
week per person over four years of
age and to conserve sugar. Three
weeks after the message had been sent,
a large number of these organizations
had reported the adoption of the
resolutions.

Town ]\Ieetings

A gratifying response to the Hoover
message came at the March town
meetings. Upon the reading of the
message the voters throughout the
state pledged themselves to raise
food and save food.

Schools

The schools of the state during the
1918 campaign sustained the high
degree of cooperation that they had
displayed the previous year. Mr.
E. W. Butterfield, superintendent of
public instruction, Miss Huntress,
Mr. G. H. Whitcher and Mr. James
Pringle, deputy superintendents,
showed themselves ever willing and
able to get splendid results from the
teachers and the pupils of the state
in every special food campaign. Mr.

Whitcher's accomplishment in the
school garden work again stood out
conspicuously.

The teachers took an active part
not only in the "Pledge-Card" and
the ''Keep-a-Pig" campaigns, but
also in informing their pupils of the
food crisis in the world. A little inci-
dent will serve to illustrate the latter.

The federal food administrator for
New Hampshire on one of his many
trips to various parts of the state,
visited the fourth grade of the Pearl
Street School, Manchester, taught by
Miss Marjorie Woodbury. A lesson
on the necessity of food conservation
was in progress. When the food
administrator, to test their knowl-
edge, asked various questions, these
•little boys and girls had the answers
on their tongue tips. It was after-
wards ascertained that this room
was typical of the food work carried
on under the supervision of Superin-
tendent Herbert S. Taylor in all
Manchester schools.

Volunteer College Workers

This work, in charge of Miss Cath-
erine Dole, was carried out by college
and normal school students and grad-
uates under the immediate leadership
of a district captain. These volun-
teers gave from four to ten hours a
week in caring for children, while
their mothers were in public service;
in instructing children in garden
work; in helping district chairmen in
clerical work; in working in gardens
and on farms; in canning and in giv-
ing demonstrations in canning and
drying.

Special Campaigns

The Potato Drive — April 15 to
May 15, 1918

The patriotic response of the farm-
ers to the call for increased potato
production in 1917 was so great that
the crop in the United States was
nearly 100,000,000 bushels in excess
of the average for the preceding five

years. The severe winter and the
congestion in transportation made it
difficult to move this crop. In order
that the food value of this large avail-
able supply of potatoes might not be
lost and in order that it might be
used to relieve the strain on the
fast diminishing wheat supply, New

160

The Granite Monthly

Hampshire launched a great potato
drive. The slogan was "Buy and Eat
Potatoes Now." The campaign was
a wonderful success, for not only
were the local crops all moved from

Start of the Potato Campaign

the bin to the dining table, but the
state also did its full share in helping
to use up the surplus Western and
Maine crops.

The Corn Meal Campaign — May 15
TO June 15

"A Pound of Corn Used Is a Pound
of Wheat Saved" was the slogan used
in this campaign. New Hampshire had
an excess stock of cornmeal amount-
ing to 2,000,000 pounds. It could
not be exported; it would spoil, if not
consumed at once. The millers of
New Hampshire began to mill all the
cornmeal they could, and the jobbers
bought abundant quantities. The
housewives used it as a substitute in
bread, and everybody helped to
consume it. - The result was that the

people of New Hampshire had regis-
tered another victory to their credit.

W. R. W.

The World Relief Week campaign
in December, 1918, found the people
of the state suffering a reaction be-
cause of the signing of the armistice.
Notwithstanding this fact, the
churches, fraternal organizations, in-
cluding the woman's clubs, and com-
munities throughout the state held
meetings and adopted resolutions to
prevent waste and the selfish use of
our food reserves.

Speakers

In the course of the work of the
state food administrator, public meet-
ings were held in practically every
community large and small in New
Hampshire. For these various meet-
ings speakers were provided largely
through the office of the state food
administrator. The topics discussed
were various phases of the world food
situation, the need for conservation,
the plan and purpose of the Federal
Food Administration and the reason
for the various restrictions and regi^-
lations pertaining to food commodi-
ties. For the most part, the speakers
provided were members of the staff
of the state food administrator. The
Chautauqua lecturers cooperated also
in spreading the gospel of food con-
servation.

New Hampshire was particularly
fortunate in having speakers repre-
senting the U. S. Food Administration
detailed for inspirational work here.
Among them were Fred Walcott,
William Arthur Dupee, W. A. Milne,
John Munn, Miss Edith Guerrier,
Franklin Fort, Dean Sara Louise
Arnold and E. F. Cullen of the staff,
and Mrs. Beatrice Forbes Robertson
Hale.

{To he continued.)

,-SifcStf/JS*:'

From a photograph by Ralph F. Pratt

Mount Kearsarge, New Hampshire

KEARSARGE: MOUNTAIN AND WAR-SHIP

By Charles Stuart Pratt

Before the Gun of Sumpter thundered,
And brother faced his brother in the fight,

Ere Southern State from Northern sundered,
Serene uprose the Kearsarge height.

Ere Minute-Men their muskets lifted

Against the British King's oppressing hand —

New England from Old England rifted,
Kiasaga stood above the land.

Yea, earlier than the Mayflower olden
Bore freedom to New England's hardy shore.

And dawned the Western Cycle golden,
The Peak was granite-gray and hoar.

The grass had uphfted its myriad green spears

Through the dead grass of other and happier years;

On Plymouth's low coasts the bluebird had sung,

Through New Hampshire's rock hills its echoes had rung —

But song sank to silence, and sunlight grew gray,

On that unforgettable April day

When lightened and thundered the Sumpter Gun-,

In the terrible year of sixty-one.

Swift, swift as the Gun's dread lightning had leapt,
Its thunder, in ominous echoings, swept
From Great Lake to Gulf and from blue sea to sea.
Men's hearts fell a-chill at the terror to be —

162

The Granite Monthly

Men's hearts, as their hands touched their swords, burst aflame
With the patriot fire that from Lexington came;
And the hosts of the North, under Stripes and Stars,
Marched down on the South and its flag of bars.

It was then that the war-ship, the Kearsarge, sailed

Out of Portsmouth Bay, while the shore sank and paled,

Until, domed and alone, above the blue rim

Of the sea horizon, far distant aixl dim.

Stood the Peak that had given to the ship its name —

The great inland beacon, prophetic of fame.

Slow the moon wheeled its circuits of gleam and of gloom

Through the year that had threatened the Republic with doom^

Wheeled its circuits of gloom and of gleam that year

When the Fatherland launched the South's privateer —

Alabama, "the pirate," which scourged all the sea.

Through that year and the strenuous year sixty-three,

And relentlessly on into sixty-four.

Until men were aghast, and the sea cried, ''No more!"

Yea — hut the Northern Mountain moved not,

Serene alike at victory or rout,
At cheer or wail; yea — it behooved not

The Mount the might of right to doubt.

The Battle between the Kearsarge and the Alabama

So had come, in the mid-June of sixty-four,
That fateful day off the Channel shore.
When the summer sun rose warm over France
Till it touched with the glow of its golden advance
The Stars and the Stripes, the Red, White and Blue,
Which the war-ship, the Kearsarge, gallantly flew.

y}.

Kearsarge: Mountain and War-Ship 163

Lo, the peace of the Sabbath lay over the sea !

Its cabn held no forecast of tempest to be;

The chimes of the church-l)cUs made holy the air,

And the ship's bell had called to the service of prayer —

When, "The foe!" "Alabama!" uprose a great shout,

As boldly from Cherbourg the cruiser steamed out.

Then the old Pilgrim spirit in Winslow awoke,

The spirit that once in the Mayflower spoke :

The prayer-book he dropped, and with trumpet in hand,

While the drum beat to quarters, his voice rang command.

Every man sprang to place, and the decks were cleared,

And the great guns manned — and no heart feared.

But sudden the bolt burst out of the blue

And shattered God's stillness through and through!

Where the peace of the Sabbath had brooded the sea,

Eaged a tempest of war with its horrors to be —

And the thunder and crash the sea-winds bore

To the ear of the Fatherland, aye, and more.

To the ear of Old Hampshire on Old England's shore,

Aye, into its churches by window and door.

And the dueling ships, stem to stern, side to side.

Sailed a circle of flame in their hate and their pride —

Side to side, stern to stem, in their pride and their hate.

Sailed great circles seven that were circles of fate.

Like the seven-times circuited city of old.

When the Kearsarge its foe had circled seven-fold.

The God of all battles the victory gave.

And the crushed Alabama sank under the wave!

Yet no cheer, from the throats of the victors uprose —
The dead and the vanquished were brothers, though foes —
And, great as the triumph of battle, we know
That this triumph of silence the greater shall grow.

Now, hail to thee, Kearsarge, and hail again.

Mountain-sired, and the mountain-sired thy men!

You the laurels wore of the Civil War;

And through thirty years of its peace you saw.

In the great reunion, man's hand clasp hand.

And the war-sundered states become one land.

Then the sea claimed its own, and you went to your sleep;

But the sons of the country your glory shall keep —

And forever your requiem be sung as today

By the thunder of surf on the Roncador Cay.

And still, above the hill-land's greenness,

Gray Kearsarge watched the nation's every trend,

Watched launch or wreck with like sereneness —
Looked on beyond each little end.

164

The Granite Monthly

Beyond the Alabama sinking,

Beyond the Kearsarge wrecked on Roncador,

While men of joy or grief were thinking,
Kiasaga in the future saw

The resurrected ships go sailing.

As comrades go, in past the Portsmouth bars,

And brave from both their mastheads trailing
Old Glory's shining Stripes and Stars!

Note. — Kearsarge Mountain, in Warner, N. H., was called by the Indians Kiasaga. "The-
great inland beacon" is visible at sea off Portsmouth. The war-ship Kearsarge was built at
Portsmouth, N. H., in 1861, and was named after the mountain. The Alabama was built at
Birkenhead, England, in 1862. The duel of the Kearsarge and the Alabama was fought June
19, 1864, in the English Channel, off Cherbourg, France, and opposite Old Hampshire in Eng-
land. During the fight the ships sailed a course of seven great circles. The Kearsarge was
wrecked on Roncador Cay, in the Caribbean Sea, February 2, 1894. In the last of the nine-
ties, two new battleships were built and named the Kearsarge and the Alabama. On Septem-
ber 18, 1900, at Portsmouth, the state of New Hampshire presented "the resurrected ships"
with Vjronze tablets commemorating the event, and the reuniting of the North and the South.
Captain Winslow of the Kearsarge, afterward Admiral, was descended from a brother of Ed-
ward Winslow of the Mayflower, and Governor of Plymouth Colony. His grave at Forest
Hills is ma,rked by a boulder from Kearsarge Mountain.

The U. S. S. Kearsarge of Today

NEW HAMPSHIRE SHIPS

By Harry C. Raynes

Nearly one hundred
and fifty years ago, many
men of kindred trades
gathered on tlie banks of
the Piseataqua to build
ships.

The burning spirit of
liberty and patriotic de-
votion wrought into these
hulls brought to the'young
navy of our beloved coun-
try a never-fading glory.

Merchant ships fol-
lowed and the reputation
of Piseataqua built vessels
as sea boats and for hon-
est workmanship by
" Yankee ' ' mechanics

spread throughout the
India trade.

Last year, again, many
men of kindred trades
gathered on the same
waters to build ships.
The same fierce love of
country and freedom
shone in the faces of the
workers and they dug
deep into the frozen
ground and laid the keel.
The future of shipbuild-
ing in New Hampshire
depends to a very great
extent upon the attitude
df the people of New
Hampshire, because the
corporations building

ships on the Piseataqua
need the help and en-
couragement of every
loyal citizen.

Both steel and wooden ships are
built in New Hampshire as econom-
ically as they are elsewhere and the
workmanship is far superior, as it has
long been conceded that New England
labor produces more per hour than is

H. C. Raynes
Manager Atlantic Corporation

produced by any other section of the
country, due to the fact that New
England has the most competent and
efficient mechanics, having always
been in the lead in industrial enter-
prises.

BUILDING SHIPS AT PORTSMOUTH

By F. W. Hartford

During the early history of our
country New England was its shipping
center. Practically all foreign busi-
ness, especially with the Far East,
passed through the ports of Boston,
Salem and Portsmouth. As a result,
the building of ships became a very
important industry.

Portsmouth, owing to her natural
resources, location and superior water
facilities, was one of the principal
centers of this industry. But, through
causes which brought about the loss of
American ships from the seas, this
industry would have become a lost
art in and about Portsmouth were it
not for the continually increasing
activities of the United States Navy
Yard and the unprecedented demand
for ships brought about by the World
War.

Portsmouth has the deepest water
of any port in the United States ex-
cept that of Puget Sound. There is
absolute freedom of ice and no dredg-
ing is required for either the harbor or
its approaches; therefore, there is no
expense for maintenance. The water
depth in front of the ways of the
Atlantic Corporation at mean low tide
ranges from sixty to seventy-five feet,
the average depth being from forty-
seven to one hundred feet from the
ways down the river to the broad
Atlantic, a distance of less than two
miles.

Consequently, Portsmouth has
again taken her place as a leader in
producing ships and now has three
important yards, building as many dis-
tinctive types, wooden, steel and naval.

An attempt in this article to more
than outline the part taken by the
Portsmouth Navy Yard, and the
ships built there, during the entire
history of the United States, would
mean writing practically the complete
early history of our Navy, and a

chronicle without interruption to date,
only a proportionately lesser task.

The first ship of which we have any
authentic record as built at Ports-
mouth is the frigate Falkland, of
fifty-four guns, added to the Royal
Navy of England the second of March,
1695, being one of many of its type.

When it became apparent that war
with England was unavoidable, and
that it was necessary to build a navy
to protect our seaboard from the
incursions of the enemy, the natural
position of the port of Portsmouth for
the purpose of a naval station became
obvious and measures were at once
taken to establish a building yard.

The island, now known as Badger's
Island, was then the property of John
Langdon, and, with that spirit of
patriotism which was so conspicuous
in him, he tendered its use to the
Continental Congress. The offer was
accepted and, almost immediately,
March 21, 1775, the keel of the frigate
Raleigh, of thirty-two guns, was laid.
She was launched May 21st, just
sixty days later.

The date of the origin of the navy
yard should be this year, 1775, as
Badger's Island was used exclusively
by the Government for naval purposes
from 1775 to 1800, the time of the
purchase of the site of the present
yard.

One cannot help recalling the ex-
ploits of the Ranger under the com-
mand of Paul Jones, when mentioning
this era of warshipbuilding at New
Hampshire's port. Among the others
built there of the same class were the
Raleigh, America and Crescent.

The story of the wonderful record
made by the L. H. Shattuck, Inc., in
wood ship construction is known
throughout and beyond the state.
This company was organized by L. H.
Shattuck of Manchester, Robert Jack-

Building Ships at Portsmouth

167

son of Concord and Major F. W. Hart- yard, the L. H. Shattuck plant, has

ford of Portsmouth, and it is today twelve ways, and during the year 1918

the largest wood shipbuilding yard in it has delivered six Ferris type steam-

the country. The company stands ers to the Government. Beginning

fourth in point of production and it with July 4, when three Shattuck

has a fine record. hulls hit the water and added to the

Scene at Shattuck Yard

The following reference to the Shat-
tuck Yard is from the Emergency Fleet
News:

" More than a century ago the wood
shipbuilding industry had its start,
and there are those up New Hamp-
shire way who say that the first keel of
the first American wood ship was laid
in Portsmouth. In those days the
most modern wood shipyard had two
crude ways; today Portsmouth's wood

Independence Day total of 95 launch-
ings, there have been seven launchings
in 1918.

''Old men in Portsmouth claim that
they can remember the time when the
building of a wood ship — by no means
as large as a Ferris type steamer of
3,500 deadweight tons — required three
to four years and the production of
one such ship a year from a single
yard would have been miraculous.

168

The Granite Monthly

"Ground was broken for the Shat-
tuck plant 'on August 1, 1917, on soil
so firm that it was unnecessary to re-
sort to any artificial foundation for
one of the shipways. Three slabs
of concrete were laid on the gentle
slope to the Piscataqua River and
the first way was ready. The ground
was found to be somewhat softer
under the remaining ways, however,
and it was necessary to drive 4,000
piles to support them.

"The Shattuck yard has developed
a noteworthy labor-saving device in a
machine designed for shaping and
ceiling plank. One operation of this
machine tapers and levels the plank
and makes the caulking seam. A
naval architect connected with the
Shattuck yard invented this machine.
It takes the place of expensive hand
work and on the first hull upon which
it was used, officials of the yard de-
clared that it effected a saving of

U. S. S. Woyaca Leaving Ways at L. H. Shattuck Ship Yard

"The Shattuck yard is one of the
few shipbuilding plants in the East
equipped with a system of cable ways
to handle material. This system is
more common on the Pacific Coast.
The Shattuck cables are mounted on
90-foot masts in the vertical position
on the straight line between the ship
ways. The masts can be inclined 15
feet in either direction, so as to let
material in or upon the hulls on either
side. They are adjustable, inde-
pendently of each other, although all
are carried upon one lateral guide for
the head masts and another for the
tail masts.

20,000 man-hours. On subsequent
hulls they say the saving will be greater
with the corresponding further econ-
omy in ceiling."

The Atlantic Corporation was or-
ganized in January, 1918, for the
purpose of building steel cargo
vessels, and a contract was entered
into with the Emergency Fleet Cor-
poration to build ten such vessels of
8,800 tons D. W. C.

The following are the directors of
the Atlantic Corporation: Arthur A.
Sharpe, president, Boston, Mass.;
Walter L. Clarke, vice-president,
Boston, Mass.; William A. Bent,

Building Ships at Portsmouth

169

Taunton, Mass.; F. G. Barrows, Bos-
ton, Mass.; Captain Thomas Doe,
Lowell, Mass.; Loyal A. Osborne,
New York ;H. C. Raynes, Portsmouth,
N. H.

The corporation purchased the prop-
erty of the Colonial Paper Company,
which plant, built at a cost of mil-
lions, had lain idle for a number of
years, and the conversion of this
property into a modern shipyard was
commenced on February 17, 1918.

the ways, it was necessary to move the
substantial edifice built for an ad-
ministration building by the Colonial
Paper Company. This building was
moved intact to a more suitable loca-
tion two hundred yards away without
damage to the building and with
the office force serenely working as
usual.

Directlj' in the rear of this structure
is that known as Building No. 2,
containing on the first floor, the

Bird's-Eye View of Atlantic Heights, Built for Atlantic Corporation Employees

The buildings, of brick and steel, lent
themselves with comparatively little
change to meet the requirements of the
war industry. Large gangs of labor-
ers were set to work, with steam shov-
els, auto trucks and other appliances,
to remove the material necessary to
make the ways. This 'material was
used to grade the south end of the
grounds, adding several acres to the
storage capacity of the yard. Five
ways were built, as was also a fitting-
out dock about 500 feet long and up to
date in every particular.

In order to make room in front of

material department, general stores,
pneumatic tool room, the general ac-
counting department, hull superin-
tendent's and other field offices; the
joiner shop, master mechanic's of-
fice and employees' restaurant and
cafeteria on second floor; mold loft,
educational department offices, en-
gine and hull drafting and. blue print
departments, ship supplies and stores
on the third floor. The free area
covered is 29,000 feet.

Back of Building No. 2 is the build-
ing now used as a steel plate shop,
originally intended to be used as a

170

The Granite Monthly

machine shop by the paper company,
covering an area of 141,000 square feet,
three sides and most of the roof being
of glass. The plate and angle fur-
naces and blacksmith shop are located
at the northern end of this building.
Shears, planers, bending rolls, punches,
hydraulic press, bull riveter, and other
fabricating equipment also functionize
in this so-called " Plate Shop. " Over-
head traveling cranes, electric trucks,
railroad tracks, and numerous jib

manufacture of marine engines of
large size. It was practically im-
possible to obtain certain needed
tools; accordingly the ingenuity of the
foreman of this shop was called into
action and he developed a number
that are a credit to himself and to the
corporation.

The first keel was laid May 23,
1918, and by being able to launch the
ship on January 18, 1919, a record for
a new plant was made. This record

Office Building Atlantic Corporation Portsmouth, N. H.

cranes facilitate the handling of the
heavy material.

It would take too much space, and
probably would not be overinteresting
to the layman, to describe in detail the
other twelve buildings; suffice it to say
that great difficulties were overcome
during the stress of war in equipping the
buildings to perform their part. How-
ever, before leaving the buildings, it will
not be amiss to say a word about the
machine shop, which covers an area of
about 28,000 square feet, is provided
with a forty ton overhead crane and
the machine tools necessary for the

was accomplished by the company's
fortunate choice of a thorough engi-
neer of wide experience as its manager,
Harry C. Raynes, whose ancestors
were shipbuilders in the early days
of Portsmouth. It is interesting to
note that Mr. Raynes is a nephew of
George Raynes, who, together with
his contemporaries, Fernald and Mar-
cey, built and launched during the
early part of the nineteenth century an
average of nine so-called "clipper"
ships a year, which plied between New
England ports and the West Indies.
The Kisnop, the first vessel launched

Building Ships at Portsmouth

171

by the Atlantic Corporation, is of eating engines of 2,800 horsepower and

single screw type, 427 feet long overall, the steam capacity furnished by three

beam 54 feet, draft 24 feet, tonnage water tul)o ])oilers. She carries two

8,800 D. W. C, full displacement steel nuists and will be manned by

11,300 tons; is propelled by recipro- sixty men, including officers.

View Atlantic Plant From Water Front

Warner, N. H.

APRIL

By Fred Myron Colby

The thrush sings in the meadow.

The bluebird breasts the bi'eeze;
The bees are blithely humming

Beneath the budding trees.
There's laughter, song and gambol

'Mongst rivulets and rills;
And white-hoofed flocks are nibbling

The grasses on the hills.
April is here!

Amongst dried leaves of autumn

Arbutus peeps up and smiles;
Green carpets are unfolding

Within the forest aisles.
The daffodils are springing

From out the teeming sod.
And crocuses and violets

In southern breezes nod.
Summer is near!

THROUGH THE YEAR IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

By Rev. Roland D. Sawyer

April

As the young mother awakes from a long night's sleep,

The eager infant rolls back the garment from her breast,

And with convulsive eagerness seeks the food which gives him life.

So now Mother-Earth awakes —

And with the shining shard of our plow we roll back the furrows

And uncover the sweet flesh of the steaming soil ;

Ardently as the eager babe we turn to the long furrows —

We drop the beads of sweat, we draw hard breath o'er spade and hoe,

We dig, and plan, and plant, thrilled by the promise of a new season.

The promise of March moves rapidly toward fulfillment ; the sun rises higher,
the days are longer and warmer, the frost has gone, and o'er the fields we hear
the call of the farmer as he drives his plow across his land. Every resident
of a rural home in New Hampshire hails with keenest joy the month of April.
That which we have looked forward to is now here, and with eager zest we
buckle down to the joys of labor on the soil which will bring us another harvest.
And not only in the toil of life is there a renewed joy, but Nature gives us the
forerunners of the grandeurs of her out-of-doors season in New England. First
in these esthetic joys comes —

The Edge of April Days

We now get the longer sunrise and sunset; there is time between sunrise
and breakfast to pause and enjoy the sunrise; and there is time between
sunset and bed-hour to stop and brood a bit. These longer mornings and
evenings are full of beauty, of cheer, of the good-will of the earth. In them we
can wander about, think, brood, enjoy. The weather is again mild, one can
sit for a moment on the old stone-wall, chat with a neighbor, look out across
the lands which he owns and so proudly tills. During the mornings we are
stirred by the merry notes of the returning birds, but it is in the evenings that
we get the most splendid of all the spring-time sounds, it is

The Flutes of the Frogs

The music of the glad wet spring is voiced in a thousand trills,

As up from the meadows comes a wild, mad music that thrills —

It's the piping notes from a hundred throats in merry spring-time lore,

As the emerald frogs neath sodden logs awake to life once more.

I am one who has had the pleasure of drinking deeply from the well of
nature-emotions. The purring of the pines, the insect chorus of the sun-
warmed summer fields, the music of the trickling brook, the deep majesty of
the pounding waves upon the shore at Hampton, the spell of the star-lit night,
the cheery songsters in the boughs, all these have filled me with those emotions
which Byron so well says, "We can ne'er express." But seldom is there a
nature-emotion that comes stronger than that indescribable feeling that
comes to us when we hear the piping of the frogs. We are then filled with a

A Book of New Hampshire Interest

173

sense of mystery, of longing, of memories of the past and hopes of the future.
The rural homesteader is nmcli indebted to those little green-coated fellows
who so hardily break forth in early April and send their shrill vibrant notes
across the meadows to our homes. They arc mysterious, romantic little fel-
lows, living off there in the mysterious swamp, and their notes are the vanguard
of the millions of birds ajid insects who will sing to us before the year is over.
By and by their shrill pipings will be joined by the hoarse notes of the big frog,
as he brings his water-soaked banjo to the surface and twangs away on its
strings, but now they have the field to themselves, and each night their flutings
reach deep down into our souls.

A BOOK OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

The severest critic never complained
of a lack of interest in the stories told
by Eleanor Hallowell Abbott. And it
is merely an added interest which the
people of New Hampshire take in her
books because they are very largely
written in a Granite State farmhouse.
Mrs. Fordyce Coburn, to give the
writer her other than pen name, is
and has been since she was a little
girl a summer resident of Wilton,
Hillsborough County, where her
father. Rev. Dr. Edward Abbott,
named Rollo Farm in honor of the
most famous character created by his
father and Mrs. Coburn's grandfather,
Jacob Abbott, author of some of the
"best-sellers" of his day.

There must be many of us whose
boyhood libraries had the Rollo
Books among their foundation stones
and for whom Rollo and his guide and
mentor, Jonas, formed an open anti-
dote for our stealthy studies of Dead-
wood Dick and Calamity Jane. None
of us is reminded of the Rollo Books
by the works of the family genius in
this generation. And yet in some
respects, in surpassing and almost un-
believable innocence and in frequent

misfortunes, the heroine of '' Mrs.
Coburn's latest story, "Old Dad,"
has a resemblance to Rollo. And
"Old Dad" himself might be cast for
the role of a very sophisticated,
twentieth century Jonas.

It is difficult to imagine Mr. Jacob
Abbott's Rollo in the predicament in
which Eleanor Abbott's Daphne finds
herself in the first chapter of the
present story; but doubtless the wise
Jonas would have wished and worked
for the same final issue which Old
Dad brought about in his own way.

In the old days we used to see in
many stories plays for the stage; now
we see, instead, pictures for the films.
And for that further popularity "Old
Dad" seems especially fitted. The
characters chop up their conversation
into most suitable screen titles. Every
character is a "type." The action
is fast enough to suit the most strenu-
ous director and the Florida stage
settings are the most picturesque
imaginable. The publishers, E. P.
Dutton & Company, New York,
ask for a referendum of
the movie actress best

might well
readers

fitted for the part of Daphne.

EDITORIAL

The New Hampshire Waterways
Association, recently formed, has in
it great possibilities for the develop-
ment of our state, beginning with our
port of Portsmouth, but directly or
indirectly afTecting all our people.
The Maine to Florida intercoastal
waterway now comes north from the
Cape Cod Canal thirty miles to
Gloucester Harbor through the Annis-
quam Canal, owned by the state of
Massachusetts, thence by the Plum
Island River to the Merrimack River;
thus far by existing waterways. It
now is proposed to build a canal from
the Merrimack through the Salis-
bury, Mass., marshes, Hampton Har-
bor, Hampton marshes and Tavlor
River to the Exeter River and down
that river to Great Bay and the
Piscataqua. This inland waterway
has the backing of the National
Rivers and Harbors Congress and of
the Atlantic Deeper Waterwavs Asso-
ciation. A government survey is to
be made of it and its projectors are
confident of its construction in the not
distant future. Its possibilities in
the way of water transportation
freight rates are at once apparent.
Great Bay is an inland salt sea of
eleven square miles, parallel to the
ocean, with a channel 65 feet deep.
A canal only three miles long to the
ocean would give slack water navi-
gation to Portsmouth Harbor and
Congress will be asked to cut this
canal. Another canal 20 miles long
from the Newmarket River to Man-
chester would make the New Hamp-
shire metropolis a seaport in the
manner of its namesake in England.
A century ago a canal was surveyed
from Great Bay to Lake Winnipesau-
kee and four times charters were
granted by the New Hamsphire
Legislature for its construction. It
will yet be built, and, like all the new
waterways mentioned, it will be of
great benefit to the business and the

pleasure of New Hampshire and the
nation. New Hampshire has re-
ceived from the national treasury for
waterways development the least
amount of any state in the Union and
one reason therefor is because we
never have asked for much on this
line. The New Hampshire Water-
ways Association intends to remedy
this lack, and all who are interested
in the future prosperity of the state
will wish this new organization the
best of fortune in securing what it
seeks. Senators Moses and Keyes,
Congressman Burroughs, Governor
Bartlett, former Governors Spaulding
and Bass and other leading men of
the state are among its officers and
members, and its secretary is O. L.
Frisbee of Portsmouth, who has
devoted a lifetime to the problems of
waterway development, particularly
as affecting our Atlantic coast and its
tributary territory.

It is good for the soul of any man
who takes pride in the state of New
Hampshire to read the record of the
town meetings which were held in the
various little republics of this state
on Tuesday, March 11, 1919. In
almost all of them the community
view was shown to be upward and
forward. The majority disposition
in evidence was to hold fast to all we
have that is good and to proceed to
get that which we have not now, but
which it is desirable that we should
have. It was to be expected that a
general desire would be expressed to
honor New Hampshire's soldiers and
sailors in the world war in some tangi-
ble way in their home towns; and
such was the case. In many cases
Old Home Day this year will be
especially dedicated to sons returning
from the service of their country, and
such observance seems most fitting.
Town meeting proceedings cover a

Editorial

175

wide ranf;;e, from where a new street
light shall be placed to whether or no
the town shall buy the local street
railway; and one question is given as
careful and courteous attention as
the other. Appropriations are made
with a caution that is wise, not nig-
gardly. Every citizen, be he farmer,
mechanic, capitalist, laborer, employer,

employee, professional man or town
loafer, stands on the same sawdust
footing on the town hall floor; is
entitled to and gets his share of atten-
tion; and bears his share of responsi-
bility. Long may the town meetings
of New England and New Hamp-
shire survive! They are a splendid
institution.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

Prof. Richard Whoriskey of New
Hampshire College and James W.
Tucker, Concord newspaper man,
who begin in this issue the detailed
history of food administration in New
Hampshire, are, because of their
experience, the best qualified men in
the state for the task. Maj. F. W.
Hartford is actively interested in, and
closely connected with, the Ports-
mouth ship-building enterprises con-
cerning which he writes. Nathaniel
S. Drake of Fittsfield, agreeable

writer and well-posted publicist, pays
tribute to his friend and fellow-towns-
man, the late Sherburne J. Winslow.
Charles Stuart Pratt, in the days of
his activity one of the best known
editors and literary men in New
England, now is living in retirement
at Warner. Miss Frances M. Pray
is a member of the faculty of St.
Mar^^'s School, Concord. Messrs.
Sawyer, Chapin and Colby have con-
tributed to previous numbers of the
magazine in the present year.

THE CALL

By Frances Mary Pray

Up! the east is golden in all its morning splendor,

The first returned of robins is singing in the day.
White frost hes in the shadows and the breeze is cool and bracing,

The air is full of springtime with its call to "Come away!"

The leaf buds now are swelling and the first spring fiowers peeping
From out their dark leaves' shelter where the sun has stolen thru.

The smell of new-bared earth comes up with deep and pungent fragrance
And above, there is no cloud to break the wide expanse of blue.

The hills are soft and purple in the golden light of morning
Far below, the stony river winds its twisted valley down.

Its murmur rises louder now, then fainter in its calling

To come and walk the live-long day along the banks so brown.

The pine trees gently wave and sigh above their carpet soft,

A brooklet gurgles past their shelter tall,
Beyond, the willows bend their silver catkins o'er its banks

"Come to us," the woods and brooklet seem to call.

Up! the east is golden in all its morning splendor.

The first-returned of robins is singing in the day.
White frost lies in the shadows and the air is cool and bracing,
The air is full of springtime with its call to "Come away!"
Concord, N. H.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

HON. ERNEST M. GOODALL

Hon. Ernest Montrose Goodall, foremost
citizen of Sanford, Maine, who died at his
winter home in Miami, Florida, January 29,
was born in Troy, August 15, 18.53, the young-
est son of the late Thomas and Ruth Goodall.
He attended school in his native village, at
Thompson, Conn., in Burlington, Vt., and in
England, during his sojourn with his parents
in^that country 1866-67.

Ernest M. Goodall, who had been president
of the Sanford Mills Company since the re-
tirement of his father in 1883, became presi-
dent of a consolidation of all the interests in
1885 and held that position at the time of his
death. He was one of the organizers and
always a member of the board of directors of
the very successful Goodall Worsted Company.

Other companies which he organized and
of most of which he was president included

The late Hon. Ernest M. Goodall

On returning to the United States, the
«lder Goodall decided to locate in Sanford
and there his sons were associated with him
in'starting'the mills which have become so im-
portant and successful an enterprise. Show-
ing marked executive ability, Ernest was
made superintendent of the Sanford Mills
while still a very yoimg man. The develop-
ment of the business was rapid and on various
lines, including the manufacture of carriage
robes, the first made in this country, of plain
and fancy blankets, of mohair car and furni-
ture plushes, carriage robes, etc.

the Sanford Water Company, the Maine
Alpaca Company, the Mousam River Rail-
road, the Sanford «&: Cape Porpoise Railroad,
the Atlantic Shore Railway, the Sanford
Power Company, the Cape Porpoise Land
Company, the Holyoke (Mass.) Plush Com-
pany, the Oakdale Cemetery Association and
the Sanford Trust Company.

Mr. Goodall was a Republican in politics
and a public-spirited citizen who gave much
of his valuable time to official service. He
was several times selectman and served in the
House of Representatives, the State . Senate

New Hampshire Necrology

177

and the executive council of the state of
Maine. He headed the local and county
Republican organizations and served on the
state committee of the party for many years.

Mr. Goodall was an ardent sportsman,
being especially interested in baseball, for
which he built fine grounds at Sanford, and
in yachting. His splendid yacht, the Nemo,
he placed at the disposal of the government
immediately upon the entrance of this coun-
try into the world war.

To business ability and sagacity of the
highest tj'pe, Mr. Goodall added a genial and
kindly disposition and a genuine friendly
interest in his fellowinen wliich won him the
affection as well as the deep respect and re-
gard of all with whom he was associated, be
they his employees or his fellow-leaders in
business and public life. His benevolences
were many, but carefully guarded from pub-
lic knowledge, because of his dislike of
ostentation.

Mr. Goodall is survived by two brothers.
Congressman Louis B. Goodall and Hon.
George B. Goodall, of Sanford.

GILBERT HODGES

Gilbert Hodges, widely known engineer,
who died in FrankUn, February 13, was born
in Brookfield, Mass., December 8, 1850, the
son of Rev. Joseph Hodges, a Baptist clergy-
man. He graduated from the Cambridge
(Mass.) High School and from his 16th to his
20th year was a sailor before the mast. He
was engaged in business for some years, but
in 1881 entered the service of the Union
Pacific Railroad as an engineer and con-
tinued in that profession until his death, in
connection with various railways and inde-
pendently. Mr. Hodges was a delegate to
the constitutional convention of 1918 and had
served in the city councils of Medford, Mass.,
and Franklin. He was a 32d degree Mason,
worthy patron of the Eastern Star, member
of the Society of Mayflower Descendants,
the Sons of the Revolution and the Boston
Society of Engineers. He was a Republican
in politics and attended the Baptist Church.
Mr. Hodges is survived by his wife, three sons,
the oldest of whom is Maj. Gilbert Hodges of
the A. E. F., and one daughter.

REV. ORISON C. SARGENT

Rev. Orison Clark Sargent, prominent
Baptist clerg>'man, born at Pittsford, Vt.,
October 1, 1849, the grandson of a "Green
Mountain Boy," died at his home in Concord,
February 26. He was educated at the Fair-
fax (Vt.) Literary and Scientific Institute, at
Colgate Academy, at Colgate University,
A. B. 1875, and A. M. 1878, and at Hamilton
Theological Institute, B. D. 1878. He was a
member of Phi Beta Kappa. Ordained to
the Baptist ministry in 1878, he held pastor-
ates at Jewett City, Conn., Randolph, Mass.,

New York City, and Claremont, before be-
coming general secretary and superintendent
of the New Hampshire Baptist Convention
in 1901. This position he held until iU health
necessitated his retirement in 1914. Rev.
Mr. Sargent was a life member of the Amer-
ican Baptist Home and Foreign Missionary
Societies; three years president of the New
Hampshire Y. P. S. C. E., a director of the
New Hampshire Bible Society, a member of

The late Rev. O. C. Sargent

the New Hampshire Historical Society and of
various religious and reform organizations.
He married June 25, 1878, Anne Phideha
Sears of Delhi, N. Y., who survives him,
with one daughter. Miss EHzabeth Sears
Sargent, Mount Holyoke College, '03, a
member of the faculty of the Concord High
School and president of the Concord Woman's
College Club.

GROSVENOR S. HUBBARD

Grosvenor Silliman Hubbard, bom in
Hanover, October 10, 1842, the orJy son of
the late Prof. Oliver Payson Hubbard of
Dartmouth College and Faith Wadsworth
(Silliman) Hubbard, daughter of the eminent
Professor Silhman of Yale University, died in
New York City, January 4. He graduated
from Dartmouth in 1862 and was admitted
to the bar in New York City in 1867. His
practice was very extensive and eminently
successful and his position in his profession is
indicated by the fact that he was appointed
referee in more than four hundred cases. He
never married.

178

The Granite Monthly

fU CLUoLydLAyk r<L>^yh>Ly<^

MANASAH PERKINS
Manasah Perkins, leading citizen of the
North Country, died at his home in Jefferson,
March 1. He was born in that town, October
28, 1855, the only son of the late Nathan R.
Perkins, whose extensive business interests
and great influence the son worthily con-

tinued, and Elizabeth (Hicks) Perkins.
Manasah Perkins was a farmer and lumber
dealer and identified with the management of
the Whitefield & Jefferson Railroad, the
Waumbek Hotel, Jefferson, and the Brown
Lumber Company. A Democrat in politics
he had represented Jefferson in the Legisla-

New Hampshire Necrology

179

ture aiul had held all the town offices and in
1904 was a delegate to the national conven-
tion of his party. He was a member of the
Masonic, Odd Fellow and Red Men frater-
nities. Few men had so wide and accurate a
knowledge of the White Mountain country
as did Mr. Perkins and it gave him pleasure
to use it for the benefit of his myriad friends.
He is survived by a widow, who was Mary A.
Stillings of Jefferson, and bj' two sons, Harold
M. Perkins and Nathan R. Perkins, 2d.

FRANCIS A. HOUSTON

Francis A. Houston, born in Keene, Decem-
ber 16, 1858, died at his home in Concord,
Mass., February 10. He graduated from
Harvard College in 1879 and from its Law
School in 1882. Entering the employ of the
New England Telephone & Telegraph Com-
pany in March, 1885, he continued therein
imtil 1917 when he resigned his office of
treasurer, having been, previously, vice-
president and general manager. He had
served many years on the Concord school
board. His wife and two sons, one in the
A E. F., survive him.

DR. FRANK W. MITCHELL

Dr. Frank Walton Mitchell was born in
Manchester, April 20, 1862, and died of
apoplexy at his home in Bakersfield, Cal.,
January 12. He graduated from the Chand-
ler Scientific School of Dartmouth College in
1876 and was a member of the college crews
at the intercollegiate regattas of 1874 and
1875 at Saratoga. He took his degree in
medicine from the College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York, in 1880, and practised
in Wisconsin and California, since 1902 at
Bakersfield. His wife, who was Addie M.
Chase of Litchfield, survives him.

JOSEPH W. VITTUM

Joseph Wentworth Vittum, president of
the Pentucket Savings Bank of Haverhill,
Mass., who died there January 28, was born
in Sandwich, May 7, 1838. He was engaged
for many years in the shoe and leather busi-
ness at Haverhill. He was a Republican, a
Mason and Odd Fellow and a trustee of the
Baptist church. Retiring from active busi-
ness in 1903 he had since devoted himself to
the management of his own and several other
large estates. His wife and one son, William
S. Vittum, survive him.

BRONZE

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THRIFT IS THE

KEY TO SUCCESS

Sound, Solid and Successful
Forty-Ninth Progressive Annual Statement of the

NEW HAMPSHIRE FIRE INS. CO,

MANCHESTER, N. H.

0. [jltsnjl^

^ /_915J32_37_

_J83Joijrj\ ?3

ZiliioTirj "5"

rjetj^jjr^

\ZJo6]^J£\ "^

S / 1.014.579 9i

_ili°616oA y\

U / 1101. 45I 03

219.983 34 ^ '^

«^/ r.r9l ,863 33

237.759 15 \ Q

/ 1,269,088 30

264.744 03 \ •

/ 1. 505.101 00

304.351.79 \

/ 1,588.816 66

323.479 81 \

/ 1.659, r57. 79

360,138,69 \

/ 1.839.961 20

400.861.84 \

/ 1.985,821 33

429.667.75 \

/ 2.162.564 4G

434,649 66 \

/ 2,202,575,67

451.147.48 \

/ 2,342,918.48

518,009 38 \

/ 2.581,210.48

624.34745 \

/ 2.937,319.76

840,940.17 \

/ 3.163.88005

946.783.34 \

/ 3.303.575,24

972.327.26 \

/ 3.367,026.27

1.0O3.255.03 \

/ 3.474.683.86

1,017.832.87 \

/ 3.779.56967

I.I54.8IO.IO \

/ 3.877. 046.70

1,133.546.03 \

/ 3.91 1. 743, 34

1 199,685 .49 \

/ 4.069.140.67

1.252. 267. 06 \

/ 4,310.836,19

1,257.058,25 \

/ 4.500.404 12

1.322,978 . 14 \

/ 4.661. 1-49 81

1.408.6B1. 54. \

/ 5.I96.017.46

1.510.064.23 \

/ 5,553.270 70

1,578.330 82 \

/ 5.725.80934

1.654,504 81 \

/ 6.097.887.20

l,70O. 76 1 . 60 \

/ 6. 250. 526.89

I.703.433.67 \

/ 6.350.079.09

1,725.713.78 \

/ 6.5 15. 829.58

2.006.944.79 \

/ 6. 969, 872.54

2,100.428.41 \

/ 7. 383. 893.68

2,112. 1 89. 53 \

/ 8,011.409.82

2,J37,3O2.0S \

STATEMENT JANUARY 1, 1919

ASSETS

United States Liberty Bonds $1,000,000.00

United States Bonds 79,500.00

Real Estate 299.500.00

Municipal and other Bonds and Stocks . 5,702.214.00

Loans on Bond and Mortgage, etc 71.138.56

Cash in Banks and Office 284.688 04

Uncollected Premiums, etc 574.369.22

88,011,409.82

LIABILITIES

Cnpital Stock Sl,500,000.00

Reserve for Re-Insurance 3,647,045.99

Reserve for Losses 467,052.75

Reserve for Ta.\es and Expenses accrued

but not due 215,000.00

Reserve for Dividends accrued but not

due 45.009.00

Net Surplus 2.137.302.08

88,011,409.82

Frank W. Sarge.\nt, President
Nathan P. Hunt, Treasurer
Lewis W. Crockett, Secretary
George A. French, Asst. Sec'y

OFFICERS

Walter M: Parker, Vice-President

Frank E. Martin, Secretary

William B, Burpee, Secretary

Charles E. Chase, Asst. Sec'y

Nathan P. Hunt

FINANCE COMMITTEE
Walter M. Parker

Frank W^. Sargeaxt

Frank P. Carpenter
Arthur M. Heard

Residential and Factory Fences, Gates, Flower Bed Guards, Tree Guards,
Trellis and Arches.

Made of large, smooth wires, unweakened by bends, wraps or twists.
Every joint has our patent steel clamp to hold the wires in a vise-like grip.

f/'^"

Our catalog may help you settle more satisfactorily the fence question
We shall be glad to send it upon request.

WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY

WORCESTER, MASS.

HERBERT HOOVER
United States Food Administrator

The Granite Monthly

Vol. LI

MAY, 1919

No. 5

FOOD ADMINISTRATION IN THE GRANITE
STATE DURING THE WORLD WAR

By Richard Whoriskey and James W. Tucker

(Concluded from the April Granite Monthly)

Chapter IV

Regulation

Although it is true that the United
States Food Administration preferred
to rely on the voluntary cooperation
of the people of the country to accom-
plish the necessary conservation of
food-stuffs, yet it is also true that it
became necessary to license and regu-
late certain classes of manufacturers
and distributers of food commodities
in order that the flow of these com-
modities from producer to consumer
might be direct and uninterrupted.

It is also a fact that this regulatory
control of commodities interfered with
the so-called law of supply and de-
mand. This conflict with a natural
economic law was undoubtedly an
evil, but as Mr. Hoover so often
stated, it was the lesser of two evils
and necessary in order that the people
of Europe might obtain sufficient
food to carry the war to an immediate
and successful conclusion.

The success of Mr. Hoover's sj^stem
is now apparent. Essential commodi-
ties, such as flour and sugar, in which
there was a serious and world-wide
shortage, were so controlled as to keep
the price reasonable and the quantity
sufficient to supply the actual needs of
every family. Contrasted with the
Civil War period, the conditions dur-
ing the World War in this country
were almost ideal as to price and
available supply of essential food
commodities.

Under proclamations of the Presi-
dent, issued from time to time during:
the war, the various classes of manu-
facturers and distributers of food
commodities were brought under li-
cense control. In New Hampshire
the Federal Food Administration had
under its jurisdiction the following
classes of licensed dealers: whole-
salers or jobbers, retailers doing a
gross business of $100,000 a year;
millers, salt water fishermen, bakers
either commercial or hotel, using four
barrels of flour or meal monthly and
a few canners. When it became
necessary to ration sugar to commer-
cial users, bottlers and manufacturers
of ice cream and syrups, including
druggists, were brought under the
jurisdiction of the New Hampshire
Administration for that particular
purpose. It has always been a
source of immense gratification to Mr.
Spaulding and all the staff members
of the New Hampshire Administra-
tion that evefy retail grocer in the
Granite State, whether he was classed
under the provisions of the license
regulations or not, felt it his duty to
obey those regulations to the letter.
Every other class of licensed dealers
in the state was equally responsive to
the wishes of the national and state
administrations and the number of
violations was surprisingly small.

Lists of all New Hampshire licen-

184

The Granite Monthly

sees were maintained in the Adminis-
tration offices at Concord and, when-
ever a new regulation was issued at
Washington, an interpretation of the
effect of that regulation on the New
Hampshire licensee was mailed, in the
shape of a bulletin, to the licensee
concerned. The broad and common-
sense views adopted by Mr. Spaulding
in his interpretation of these regula-
tions for the New Hampshire licensees
were highly appreciated and undoubt-
edly resulted in a closer bond of co-
operation between licensees and the
state office.

The Wholesalers

Early in December of 1917 Mr.
Spaulding called all of the jobbers
of food commodities in the state to
Concord for a conference. The regu-
lations, particularly with regard to
margins of profit, were talked over
and the relations that should exist be-
tween this class of dealers and the
New Hampshire administration were
thoroughly discussed. As a result of
the conference, the dealers present
resolved to cooperate in every possible
way during the period of the war, and
it is highly satisfactory to be able to
record that the resolution of that
initial meeting was always lived up to
on the part of the jobbers. Numer-
ous other conferences were held with
the wholesalers during the period of
the war, the last one on December 3,
1918. At this final meeting Mr. H. J.
Heed of the Daniels-Cornell Company
of Manchester thanked Mr. Spauld-
ing on behalf of the wholesale grocers
of New Hampshire for the "uniformly
fair and courteous treatment" he had
accorded them and also for the " splen-
did way in which the New Hampshire
Administrator had always cooperated
with the jobbers of the state to make
their work, under the regulations of
the Food Administration, as easy as
possible."

The 50-50 Regulation
The importance of the cereal, wheat,
in the world's diet, is more fully real-
ized today than ever before. It is the

most essential of all cereals. In
January, 1918, there was put squarely
up to Mr. Hoover the problem of
supplying the wheat needs of Europe
from a surplus of twenty million
bushels, then apparent in this coun-
try. How the United States saved
enough wheat to ship one hundred
and twenty million bushels in addition
to this surplus is too well known to
bear repeating here. The regulation
that resulted in this wonderful saving
of wheat in the United States has be-
come popularly known as the "50-50
Regulation."

New Hampshire had a proud part
in this venture. The regulation was
issued on January 28. No one had
previous knowledge of the rule or its
import. On January 29, 1918, it was
imposed on the jobbers and retailers
of New Hampshire, and their immedi-
ate response in the face of difficulties
more numerous than can be easily im-
agined was perhaps the most gratify-
ing incident in the entire history of
the New Hampshire Administration.
For three days anxious inquiries
were poured in on Administration
headquarters by telephone, letters and
personal visits. No one questioned
the judgment of the framers of
the regulation. How are we going
to put it across was the import of
every query.

The object of the regulation, as
everyone now knows, was to pass
down from the mill to the con-
sumer through every distributing
branch an equal amount of wheat
flour and substitute cereal like corn
meal, barley or oats. New Hamp-
shire was, in a sense, isolated from all
the big centers of cereal distribution
and the immediate problem was to
get the substitutes to pass to the con-
sumer with the flour.

On January 31 the following tele-
gram was received from the United
States Food Administration by Mr.
Spaulding: "Congratulations to New
Hampshire for adhering absolutely
to the 50-50 regulations." The con-
gratulations were passed along to the

o
a:,
O

o
o

Q
O
O

H
H

186

The Granite Monthly

millers, wholesalers and retailers of
New Hampshire and to the patriotic
New Hamsphire citizens who had
been really responsible for the success-
ful adoption of the stringent regula-
tion.

On February 1 salesmen of mills
and wholesalers reported a big falling
off in the sale of white flour, and there-
after the problem was gradually
worked out to the satisfaction of
everyone concerned in the state.

The Patriotic Householders

The immediate response on the part
of the housewives of the state to the
admonition of the Food Administra-
tion to save flour was inspiring. In
many cases dealers had numerous re-
quests from their customers to take
back flour which the customers had
purchased in quantity before the SO-
SO regulation went into effect. Al-
though for some time dealers had re-
stricted the amount of wheat flour
sales to not more than a one-eighth
bag in urban districts or a quarter bag
in rural districts, many people who
were accustomed to put in one or two
barrels or even more for a year's sup-
ply, found themselves with a con-
siderable amount of flour on hand.

Although many dealers acceded to
the requests of their customers and
took back barrel lots of flour, the Ad-
ministration announced that this pro-
cedure was unnecessary and that con-
sumers who used an equal amount of
substitutes in conjunction with flour
on hand would not be regarded as
hoarders. It is interesting to note
that, while many complaints were
made of people hoarding large
amounts of flour, these complaints
were found upon investigation to be
for the most part unfounded.

Farmers who raised their own sub-
stitutes were allowed to purchase
flour without substitutes upon pres-
entation to their dealer of an affidavit
to the effect that they had raised and
had on hand ready for use an amount
of substitute cereal equal to the re-

stricted amount of flour they were
allowed to purchase.

Distribution of Excess Substi-
tutes

The falling off in the sale of white
flour resulted in the gradual accumu-
lation of excess lots of substitute
cereals by the jobbers of the state.
Sales of flour had been reduced to
fifteen or twenty per cent of normal,
and in many cases dealers became
overstocked with a product that was
perishable. With the approach of
warm weather during the latter part
of April, 1918, it became necessary to
take immediate steps toward the
solving of the excess cereal substitute
problem.

A conference of jobbers was held on
May 7, and a canvass of cereal stocks
showed that there were in the hands
of New Hampshire jobbers the fol-
lowing: 8,600 barrels of flour, 417,000
pounds of barley flour and 6,000 bar-
rels of corn meal.

To effect an equitable distribution
of the substitutes the jobbers voted
to make the Food Administration
office a clearing house for information
as to supplies. The jobbers with over
supplies of any substitute sent notice
of the amounts which they wished to
dispose of to the Food Administrator
who was to send out regular informa-
tion sheets, informing all jobbers of
the state where they could purchase
substitutes in the state from their own
associates. For this reason the im-
porting of these commodities into New
Hampshire was reduced to a minimum.

The Food Administration, acting
on the information obtained from
jobbers, made arrangements at once
for a corn meal drive which has been
previously noted and urged all pa-
triotic citizens to consume as much
corn meal as possible in the next two
months that the oversupply in New
Hampshire might be consumed before
hot weather. The Food Adminis-
tration was highly gratified at the
spirit of cordial cooperation shown
by the jobbers in their willingness to

Food Administration in the Granite State

187

assist the Adininistratiou in every
way.

Substitutes Shipped Abroad

The arranp;enieiit to redistribute
within the state the surplus substi-
tutes in the hands of jobbers proved
to be a good move, for stoeks of flour
and substitute cereals sooii almost
ceased to move, and the Grain Cor-
poration of the Unitetl States Food
Administration decided to lend a help-
ing hand to the jobbers of the country
by purchasing from them as much of
the ' excess cereal stock as could be
shipped abroad and sold to neutral
countries. Arrangements were made
for the disposal of excess New Hamp-
shire stocks through the port of Bos-
ton. All of the cereal purchased by
the Grain Corporation had to conform
to certain analytical standards, and
Mr. Spaulding arranged with Mr.
B. E. Curry, chemist of the New
Hampshire College Experiment Sta-
tion, to take samples of barley flour
and make analyses of corn meal held
by jobbers in all sections of the state.

Letters were sent to the whole-
salers asking them to fill out blanks
in duplicate with the amounts of
cereal substitutes they desired to sell
to the Grain Corporation for export.
As a result of the activities of the
Administration in this direction the
jobbers were able to export about
7,000 barrels of their excess stocks to
Europe. In writing to Mr. Spauld-
ing with regard to the results of this
export proposition in New England,
A. C. Ratchesky, Assistant Food
Administrator for Massachusetts,
said: "In addition it would be well to
know that, pro rata to the popula-
tion, the state of New Hampshire was
given more help than any other state
in New England, which proves that
your efforts were not in vain."

On September 1 the Food Adminis-
tration's "50-50 Regulation" was
modified so that flour could be sold
with substitutes in the ratio of 80 per
cent flour and 20 per cent substitutes.
This was put into effect immediately

in the state and, although it resulted
in alleviating conditions in a small
degree, it did not clear up entirely
the matter of excess substitute stocks.
Substitutes were sold with (lour in this
reduced proportion until the regula-
tion was rescinded altogether.

The first of December, 1918, the
Food Administration Grain Corpora-
tion again made plans to assist in un-
loading surplus stocks of substitutes
in the hands of jobbers, and A. I.
Merigold was sent to Boston to look
after the exporting of cereals from
New England. Mr. Spaulding called
a conference of jobbers for Wednes-
day, December 3, and at that time an
inventory of surplus stocks showed
that there were approximately fifteen
carloads in the hands of New Hamp-
shire jobbers. These were offered
to the Grain Corporation and have
been practically all shipped abroad.

Rejected Shipments of Perish-
ables
Another and frequent way in which
the wholesaler or jobber came in con-
tact with the Federal Food Adminis-
tration for New Hampshire was under
the regulation relative to the shipment
of perishables. This regulation was
designed to prevent the wasting of
food commodities through the rejec-
tion of shipments of perishables by
consignees. Under the regulation,
whenever there was a question as to
the acceptance of a shipment of per-
ishables like potatoes, onions, cab-
bages, etc., the consignee got in touch
with the Local or State Food Admin-
istrator and asked for an inspection
of the car by the Administration.
Following the inspection the Admin-
istration sat as a referee and adjusted
the matter in dispute, usually to the
entire satisfaction of both parties and
always without the loss of any of the
perishable shipment. In this, as in
all other relations with the Ucensees,
matters were adjusted harmoniously
and with the maximum of cooperation
on the part of the licensees.

188

The Granite Monthly

The Retail Dealer
The relation between the office of
the Food Administration and the
fifteen hundred or more retail dealers
of the state was most cordial. Only a
few retail dealers were licensed. It
is true that this class of dealers could
be forced to obey the regulations,
whether licensed or not, but the re-
markable thing was that the retailer,
even though doing a business amount-

plaint and with an evident desire tc
assist the sugar division in its difficult
task of making an equitable allotment.
In the same spirit they adopted the
schedules of profit margins prepared
by the Administration and endeav-
ored to make their prices fair and
reasonable, at all times. Many of the
dealers adopted the "cash and carry"
plan as a war measure that would be
of general assistance to the Admin-

Public Market — Berlin

ing to but a few hundred dollars a
year and located in a remote, inacces-
sible part of the state, was for the
most part always anxious to play the
game fairly and squarely. When
they were asked to sell flour and
sugar in restricted quantities, they
did so to the best of their ability.
There were not more than a half-
dozen complaints that a dealer was sell-
ing wheat flour without the proper
substitutes. They accepted the ra-
tioning of sugar in the best spirit
imaginable and put up with the incon-
venience of having to buy their entire
supply on certificates issued from this
Administration office without com-

istration in its desire to pass commodi-
ties along to the consunier at the
lowest possible prices.

Sugar Rationing

Although the sugar shortage in the
world had long been a matter of con-
cern, the United States Food Admin-
istration depended at first on the
voluntary saving of the people to
weather the crisis. This plan was
satisfactory, until the U-boats and
crop failures made rationing inevi-
table on July 1, 1918. Each state was
to receive a limited supply, based
on records furnished by refiners, and
this supply was to be equitably dis-

Food Administration in the Granite State

189

tributed In- each state Food Admin-
istrator.

When New Hampshire received her
allotment, it was found that the state
was far ^hort of her proportionate
share. A special trip of the New
Hampshire Food Administrator to
Washington and several hours of in-
tensive work with officials of the Sugar
Division rectified the mistake. Then
the work of distribution began at the
State House under the efficient guid-
ance of George N. Towle, head of the
Sugar Division.

As the questionnaires, returned by
the retailers especially, seemed to in-
dicate the need of careful readjusting,
supplementary questionnaires had to
be sent out. These proved to be
satisfactory.

The staff, aided by an increased
office force, worked often until mid-
night in an endeavor to solve satis-
factorily most complicated problems
and in issuing sugar certificates. Nu-
merous conferences were held with
wholesalers, retailers and individuals.
Despite the long, grinding hours, the
spirit of the staff never showed to
better advantage than during the
months of the sugar rationing.

From July 1, 1918 to December 1,
10,728,798 pounds of sugar were
rationed as follows:

Julv 2,654,874

August 1,039,000

September 1,880,008

October 1,304,090

November 1,678,191

December 2,172,635

Food Production in 1918

The Food Production Campaign for
1918 in New Hampshire had one goal
in \dew, the best effort on the part of
everybody to beat the splendid record
made in 1917. The Federal Food
Administrator for New Hampshire,
Mr. Huntley N. Spaulding, desirous
of making use of every available
agency that would help to solve the
immediate problem, accepted the
chairmanship of the Committee on
Food Production. The other mem-

bers of the committee were Pres. R. D.
Hetzel of New Hampshire College,
executive manager; Andrew L. Felker,
Commissioner of Agriculture; George
M. Putnam, President of the Fed-
erated Farm Bureau Association of
New Hampshire; Fred A. Rogers,
blaster of the State Grange; G. H.
Whitcher, Deputy Superintendent of
Public Instruction.

The committee accepted the offer
of New Hampshire College to estab-
lish headquarters at Durham, and to
President Hetzel, the executive man-
ager, was delegated the task of direct-
ing the campaign. The first thing
he did was to appoint the following
committees :
Administration — Executive Manager, Prea.

R. D. Hetzel; Assistant Manager, Prof.

W. C. O'Kane, Director J. C. Kendall.
Publicity— Prof. W. C. O'Kane and Prof.

H. H. Scudder.
Field Crops— Dean F. W. Taylor.
Machinery and Finance — Mr. B. E. Curry.
Farm Labor— Mr. F. C. Bradford.
Live Stock — Director J. C. Kendall, Mr.

E. G. Ritzman, Prof. O. L. Eckman,

Prof. J. M. Fuller and Prof. A. W.

Richardson.
War Gardens— Prof. J. H. Gourley.
School Gardens — Deputy Superintendent of

Public Instruction G. H. Whitcher.
Women in Food Production — Miss Elizabeth

C. Sawyer.

County Agents

The County Agents represented the
state committee in their respective
counties, and in seven of the counties
assistant county agents were em-
ployed to enable the county agent to
carry on essential parts of his regular
work. These agents helped materi-
ally in organizing local committees, ar-
ranged for mass meetings and through
several surveys kept in active touch
with the progress of production in their
counties.

Cooperating Agencies

The Farm Bureaus of the state put
all their facilities at the disposal of
the committee and were very active
in urging increased production by
their members. The State Depart-
ment of Agriculture, the schools of the

190

The Granite Monthly

state, the Grange, the fraternal orders,
the churches, and the staff of the Ag-
ricultural Division of the State College,
gave their cordial support to the work
at hand.

Campaigns

Mass meetings were held in every
county to stir up enthusiasm. The
speakers at these meetings were Pres.
R. D. Hetzel, Commissioner Andrew
L. Felker, Dean J. R. Hills of
Vermont, Director J. C. Kendall,
Prof. W. C. O'Kane and Major Guy
Boyer of Canada, who had just re-
turned from three years of service on
the western front. Following these
county meetings, local meetings were
held in practically every community
of the state and were addressed by
county agents and others. In order
to keep the need of increased produc-
tion before the people, articles and
press notices were sent to the news-
papers, and posters, information sheets
and press bulletins were distributed
throughout the state.

Surveys

That the Committee on Food Pro-
duction might be fully informed of the
difficulties confronting the farmers,
frequent surveys were made by the
county agents and the local commit-
tees. The latter reported on special
blanks to the county agents the needs
of the farmers, as well as the surplus
supplies of seeds, live stock, labor,
machinery, etc. The loyal effort of
the farmers was evident in the answers
to the questionnaires sent out by the
county agents early in the season.
The replies received from 6,447 farms
indicated an increased yield of 32.6
per cent over 1917 in the combined
acreage of potatoes, corn, oats and
wheat.

Farm Labor

To Mr. F. C. Bradford of the
United States Department of Agri-
culture was assigned the task of solv-
ing the shortage of farm labor. Mr.
H. N. Sawyer of Atkinson spent a
week at the Boston office of the

United States Employment Bureau
interviewing 200 men and boys who
were interested in coming to New
Hampshire to work. Man^^ of these
applicants were sent directly to farms,
and the names of others were sent to
county agents. Much help in supply-
ing needed labor was given by Mr.
J. S. B. Davie, State Commissioner
of Labor, and Mr. E. K. Sawyer of
Franklin, who was in charge of state
headquarters of the United States
Employment Service. A few "con-
scientious objectors" were sent from
Camp Devens to farms in the state,
and a plan was worked out in con-
ference with Roy D. Hunter of Clare-
mont, Agriculture Adviser for New
Hampshire, whereby the county
agents listed draft registrants en-
gaged in agricultural work and veri-
fied their status.

Women in Food Production

Miss Elizabeth C. Sawyer of Dover^
who had charge of this work, enrolled
many college graduates and under-
graduates and assigned them to farms
in different parts of the state. These
young women carried out their tasks
faithfully and gave proof, as the
women in France and England had
given proof, that they could replace
men on the farm, if the need became
urgent.

War Gardens

As State Garden Supervisor, Prof.
J. H. Gourley had charge of this work.
Meetings were held during Garden
Rally Week from March 18-23 to
explain to the people of the state the
impending food crisis and to urge
them to clo more than they had ever
done before. Supervisors of com-
munity and factory gardens were ap-
pointed and worked under the guid-
ance of the State Garden Supervisor.
This work was a great success, for at
the end of the season 15 cities reported
an increase of 75 per cent in the acre-
age of their war gardens over the
acreage of 1917. The number of
plots given out in these cities increased

Food Administration in the Granite State

191

by 79 per cent over the plots assigned
in 1917. Thirty rural towns reported
an average of 25 acres per town in
gardens.

Although the severe frosts of June
19 and 20 discouraged many for a
moment, the comment most fre-
quentl}' heard was, "Well, I have to
replant my garden tomorrow."

School Gardens

As in 1917 the response of the school
boys and girls to the plea of Mr. G. H.
Whitcher was all that could be wished.
They went out to beat their previous
record, and they did. Thirty-two thou-
sand pupils carried on garden projects

and, although accurate returns as to
the money value of the crops harvested
are not yet available, the indications
are that it will exceed $100,000.

United States Crop Report for.
December, 1918

That the Committee on Food Pro-
duction carried out its program ef-
fectively, may be judged from the-
Monthly Crop Report for December,
1918, published by the United States
Department of Agriculture. The fig-
ures for corn, buckwheat, barley,,
oats, rye and potatoes, the New Eng-
Und field crops included in this report,
are as follows: — •

CROP acreage

Percentage Increase, 1918 Compared with 1917

Corn

Buck-
wheat

Barley

Oats

Rye

Potatoes

Total

New Hampshire

Maine

+ 16

+42

+ 15

+25

+ 17

+ 100
+40
+ 16

+ 100

+60

+ 100

+23

....

+41
+40
+26
+71
+0
+33

+0
+33

+57

-4

-25

-13

-5

-4

+ 17
+ 10

Vermont

Massachusetts

Rhode Island

Connecticut

+ 16

+ 19

A better index of the production imately a normal year. The following

attained by New Hampshire in the tables give such a comparison, based

year 1918 is afforded by comparison on the federal crop reports:
of 1918 with 1916, which was approx-

CROP ACREAGE
Principal New England Field Crops, 1918 Compared with 1916

Maine

New
Hampshire

Vermont

Massachu-
setts

Rhode
Island

Connecticut

1918

1916

1918

1916

1918

1916

1918

1916

1918 1916

1918

1916

Corn

Buckwheat

27,000

21,000

12,000

169,000

15,000

14,000

6,000

160,000

28,000
2,000
1,000

24,000

19,000
1,000
1,000

12,000

45,000
14,000
16,000
103,000
1,000
26.000

45,000
12,000
15,000
80,000
1,000
23,000

40,000
2,000

42,000
1,000

13,000

11,000

56,000
8,000

70,000
5,000

Barley

Oats

12,000

4,000

36,000

11,000

3,C00

25,000

2,000

24,000
11,000
26,000

17,000
8,000

Rye

Potatoes

112,000

125,000

21,000

15,000

5,000

6,000

22,000

CROP ACREAGE
Percentage Increase or Decrease, 1918 Compared with 1916

Corn

Buck-
wheat

Barley

Oats

Rye

Potatoes

Total

New Hampshire

+47
+80
+0
— 5
+ 18
-20

+ 100
+50
+ 16

+ 100

+ 60

+ 100

+29

+41

'+6

+33

+37

+40
-11
+ 13
+44
-16
+ 18

+58

+6.6
+ 16.5
+ 14.6

+2.5

Maine

Vermont

Massachusetts

Rhode Island

Connecticut

192

The Granite Monthly

The increased value of the five and 1916, according to the figures in
principal field crops of New Hamp- the Monthly Crop Report is shown
shire in 1918 as compared with 1917 in the following table:

INCREASED VALUE OF THE FIVE TIELD CROPS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1918 COMPARED WITH

1917 AND 1916

1916

1917

1918

■Corn

Buckwheat
Barley ....

Oats

Potatoes . .

$1,005,000

20,000

25,800

306,000

2,988,000

$4,344,000

$2,083,000

29,000

44,000

543,000

3,931,000

$6,630,000

$1,890,000

68,000

48,000

793,000

4,263,000

$7,062,000

It will be noted that the above
tables do not include wheat, beans,
and some other crops of considerable
importance in New Hampshire.

The total yield of wheat in New
Hampshire in 1918 was estimated at
96,500 bushels. The area in wheat
was estimated at 4,500 acres.

The Bakers

As so many people buy their bread
from bakers, the United States Food
Administration required practically
all bakers to have licenses. One of
the first permanent and special divi-
sions of the Federal Food Adminis-
tration for New Hampshire was a
baking division in charge of Winthrop
Carter of Nashua. Mr. Carter saw the
immediate need of soliciting the
assistance of the bakers themselves
in solving the numerous unprec-
edented problems which would arise.

Consequently he arranged for a
mass meeting at Manchester of all
bakers in the state and at this meet-
ing the state was divided into seven
districts with a captain in charge
of each district. These captains kept
the bakers of their district in-
formed of all developments emanat-
ing from the baking division. One
of the first and probably the most
important regulation imposed on the
baking industry of the country was
promulgated on February 24, 1918,
.and made it necessary for all bakers
to use a dough mixture composed of
80 per cent white flour and 20 per
€ent substitute cereals. This was

indeed a problem, and at the bakers
meeting in Manchester an expert was
present to discuss with the bakers the
best methods for making bread under
the new conditions imposed by the
Administration. On April 24, 1918,
the amount of substitutes was in-
creased to 25 per cent.

To assist the bakers, the baking
division furnished standard dough
sheets, and on these sheets the bakers
were required to post each day the
amounts of wheat and cereal sub-
stitutes used in the making of their
bread. Other regulations were im-
posed upon the bakers with regard to
the method of manufacturing their
products and the ingredients used in
the same, but the so-called "80-20
Regulation" was by all means the
most important.

For the most part the bakers lived
up to the law in every detail. As
some got careless it became necessary
to send inspectors through the state.
These inspectors did very effective
work for they found many violations
of the regulations. The transgressors
were given hearings before the Federal
Food Administrator and nearly all of
them were found guilty. Some were
obliged to close their shops for vary-
ing periods. Others were given the
choice of contributing a certain sum
of money to the Red Cross or other
war welfare societies or running the
risk of having their licenses revoked
by Washington. All preferred the
former penalty.

Food Administration in the Granite State

193

Hotels and Restaurants

One of the very important divisions
of the Federal Food Administration
for New Hampshire was the Hotel
and Restaurant Division. It was
composed of J. Ben Hart, chairman;
W. E. Carter, Rye Beach; George Q.
Pattce, Portsmouth; A. P. Fairfield,
Hanover; George I. Leighton, Dover.

Appointed in August, 1917, the
chairman made a canvass through
postmasters, selectmen and town
clerks, of the hotels, restaurants and
boarding houses of the state. Al-
though 1,578 were Hsted at that time,
the number had dwindled to 1,325 by
December 30, 1918, many of thsm
having gone out of business on account
of the high cost of foods and the im-
possibility of getting sufficient help.

From ]\Ir. Hart's office in Manches-
ter approximately 53,000 pieces of
mail were sent out, including letters,
bulletins, questionnaires, etc. No
letter came to the office that was not
answered or acknowledged. Only 8
per cent of the hotel, restaurant and
boarding-house keepers refused or
neglected to sign the Food Adminis-
tration Pledge Card and in Manches-
ter only one person refused to sign.

The " Roll of Honor" card, designed
by this office for those who signed the
wheatless pledge, made such an im-
pression outside the state that it was
adopted, with the approval of the
chief of the Hotel and Restaurant
Division at Washingfon, by many of
the other states.

The actual food savings reported
from October, 1917, to October, 1918,
were as follows:

Months Pounds

Meats, 12 211,425

Flour, 12 214,544

Sugar, 12 163,380

Fats, 6 62,563

On the basis of the replies re-
ceived, the estimated savings for all
places were as follows:

Months Pounds

Meats, 12 1,686,456

Flour, 12 1,933,267

Sugar, 12 1,323,299

Fats, 6 480,960

It is interesting to note the gain in
reported savings of wheat flour in the
month of July, after the wheatless
pledge became effective. The re-
ported savings for May were 15,232
pounds; in June, a part of which
month was affected by the wheatless
pledge, the reported savings were
20,908 pounds and in July 48,205
pounds. The estimated total savings
for May were 150,000 pounds, for
June 121,562 pounds and for July
335,610 pounds.

A letter from Mr. Kiser, the state
chairman for Indiana, to Mr. Hart
stated that he considered, from a care-
ful examination of the figures in the-
Publicity Division, New Hampshire
stood among the first five in the coun-
try in the work accomplished by the
Hotel and Restaurant Committee.

Typical School Room Exhibit — Food Conservation

Cantonments

When the shortage of sugar became
acute, it was reported to the New
Hampshire Food Administration that
a soldier had bought an excessive
amount of sugar at the Quartermas-
ter's Department, Fort Constitution.
On complaint of Mr. Spaulding,
Colonel Patterson investigated the
matter, found the charges true and

194

The Granite Monthly

stated that every effort would be
made henceforth to cooperate with
the United States Food Administra-
tion.

The report of the wasteful throw-
ing of perfectly good food into the
river at the Portsmouth Navy Yard
was also investigated by the Food
Administrator. He was able to re-
port on his return from the Navy
Yard that he had had a pleasant and
profitable interview with the com-
mandant and that the navy officials
were doing at that time everything
possible to conserve food.

The cantonments at Dartmouth
and New Hampshire State College
responded loyally to all requests made
of them by the Federal Food Admin-
istrator for New Hampshire.

Poultry Regulation

In February the Administration
looked with alarm upon the situation
which the poultry industry of the
United States was in. The demand
for dressed poultry had been so great
that the flocks of the country were
threatened with extermination and
the outlook was similar to that which
had spelled ruin the previous year for
the poultry industry of England,

On February 1 1 the poultry division
of the United States Food Adminis-
tration in conjunction with the United
States Department of Agriculture
issued an order which prevented the
Mlling of hens or pullets by licensees
«or others until April 30. This order
was faithfully adhered to in New
Hampshire until it was rescinded on
April 20, a few days before the time
originally set for its termination.

A single exception had been made
to the provisions of the regulation.
This was in behalf of the Jewish
people of Manchester who based their
claim for exemption on the ground of
religious practices. The gratitude of
these people was expressed in the fol-
lowing letter:

Manchester, N. H., April 17, 1918.
Mr. Huntley N. Spaulding,
Food Commissioner,
Concord, N. H.
Dear Sir: On behalf of the Jewish People
of Manchester, N. H., we wish to thank you
for your kindness in having granted our peti-
tion for the killing of chickens on Passover
Week. Your order was more than appre-
ciated by our community and helped them
materially and spiritually in making their
celebration a week of joy and cheer.
Yours very truly,
(Sgd) Rev. M. Taran,

Harry Shewfeld, Pr.

PRicfi Interpretation

In nine cities and larger communi-
ties of New Hampshire local price-
interpreting committees were set up.
In establishing these committees the
following plan was adopted:

A meeting of the grocers, retail and
wholesale, was called by the local
food administrator. This meeting
was attended, also, by a representa-
tive of the State Food Administrator,
Prof. Walter C. O'Kane. At this
meeting the plan and purpose of a
price-interpreting committee was ex-
plained. The grocers attending the
meeting were then invited to choose
two or three men to represent them
on the committee. Two citizens
representing the pubUc and not en-
gaged in selling food supplies were
selected by the local administrator
and the representative of the state
headquarters. In most instances
these people were ratified by the
grocers at their meeting. These citi-
zen representatives, together with
those chosen by the grocers, served
as the price-interpreting committee
under the chairmanship of the local
food administrator.

A limited list of commodities was
chosen at the beginning and this Ust
was later extended somewhat on re-
quest from Washington, The prices
decided on were made to conform to
the margins laid down by Washington
headquarters.

Some difficulty was experienced in
securing publication of prices. News-
papers stated that they already had

Food Administration in the Granite State

195

an impossible amount of war material
for which space was not available and,
in addition, there was considerable
complaint that the public exhibited
little interest in the list of prices
published.

A representative of the state ad-
ministrator checked up retail prices
at various points in the state and in
practically no instance found an ex-
orbitant margin charged by the re-
tailer. The margin on certain kinds
of commodities, such as wheat sub-
stitutes in bulk, was apt to be some-
what higher than that specified by
Washington instructions, but the mar-
gin on other commodities, such as
canned goods, was lower. The aver-
age appeared to be reasonable.

Fat Conservation — -Window Display

Wheat Regulations

On October 8, 1918, after a two
days' conference held by Food Ad-
ministrator Huntley N. Spaulding
with Master of State Grange Fred A.
Rogers, Commissioner of Agriculture
Andrew L. Felker and other repre-
sentative farmers, the regulations
with regard to the milHng and dis-
posal of wheat were amended to suit
conditions as they then existed in
New Hampshire.

The United States Food Admin-
istration regulations with regard to
the milling, sale and use of wheat
were adapted for the wheat-growing
belts of the United States but were
not proper for the peculiar local con-

ditions where farmers had planted a
comparatively few acres of wheat for
use in grinding their own flour. The
changes in the regulations were most
acceptable to all of the farmers in the
state.

Ice Dealers

On May 8, 1918, communications
were mailed to New Hampshire ice
dealers and local administrators which
resulted in preventing increases in the
pricfe of ice to the consumers. In
some cases dealers were able to show
that increases were necessary because
of the higher cost of doing business
and whenever this occurred, the in-
creased rates were approved by the
Federal Food Administrator.

The Live Stock Committee

October 2, 1917, the State Food
Administrator appointed the following
to act as the Live Stock Committee:
Roy D. Hunter, West Claremont,
Chairman; W. H. Neal, Meredith;
W. H. Ranney, Derry; Harry Morrison,
Orford; John Walker, Newmarket.
P. A. Campbell, Dixville Notch, later
succeeded W. H. Neal.

Swine

After careful study of the situation
the Live Stock Committee decided
that the farmers of the state should
be urged to produce more swine and
that the "Keep a pig" movement
should be encouraged.

Two circular letters were mailed to
New Hampshire farmers. News ar-
ticles were published in the state
press, and Prof. E. Ritzmann and
the Extension Department of the
State College stressed the matter.

Surveys by county agents in the
spring of 1918 showed an increase in
the hog population of 6.7 per cent.
Reports received in the fall and
winter of 1918 indicated a supply of
pigs in excess of the demand.

Dairy Cattle

Dairying is the chief agricultural
industry of New Hampshire. Dur-
ing the period under review it was

196

The Granite Monthly

subject to varying factors which made
it impossible for the committ-ee to out-
line any general policy.

The summer of 1917 was marked
by a large hay crop, the fall by rapidly
advancing price of feed stuffs and
the winter by scarcity of feeds due
to transportation difficulties caused
by the unusually severe winter and
war demands. New Hampshire had
largely imported its feed stuffs but in

milk. Better breeding and feeding
methods are now being taught by the
Farm Bureaus and other agencies.
The condition and progressiveness of
the industry compares favorably with
that of other states.

The special need for the future is
the more general use of pure-bred
sires and cooperative breeding. The
best development of New Hampshire
agriculture must come through supe-

Faculty Potato Harvest — New Hampshire State College

1918 made an increase in the produc-
tion of grain. Reports indicated
considerable slaughter of dairy cows
in the summer of 1917. This was
checked by advancing prices for cattle
in the fall of that year.

The chief market for New Hamp-
shire milk is at Boston. The Regional
Milk Commission took over the situa-
tion in the fall of 1917 and fixed the
prices for all markets.

Prospects for the Future

An ample supply of milk was main-
tained during the war. The with-
drawal of milk from bread-making on
order of the Federal Food Adminis-
tration and the advancing retail price
created a surplus which seemed likely
to affect the future of the industry.

Notable progress was made in the
cooperative purchasing of grains in
car lots by farmers and in methods
of collective bargaining for the sale of

rior live stock. As the topography'of
the state prevents quantity production,
the improvement must come through
quality. The development of bull
clubs is the most promising plan in
sight for the dairy industry of the
state.

Beef Cattle

During the fall of 1917 several car-
loads of beef cattle were brought in
from Texas to various points of the
state. The results of these operations
are not yet available. To what ex-
tent feeding can be profitably carried
on is not known. The State College
is collecting data and it is hoped that
general lines can be laid down for the
guidance of farmers.

Pure-bred and high-grade beef cattle
are being raised in the state in limited
numbers. This business can doubt-
less be extended advantageously.

Food Administration in the Granite State

197

Sheep

The sheep situation was carefully
studied and many factors entering
into its profitableness were considered.
Action on the dog menace was taken
by inducing the Committee on Public
Safety to offer a reward of S25 for
each conviction under the dog laws.
This action had a dccidedl}' good effect.

Poultry

The Committee consulted with Mr.
James C. Farmer, Deputy Commis-
sioner of Agriculture, who is a poultry
specialist.

The industry was found to be labor-
ing under difficulties from the high
price of feeds and lack of correspond-
ingly^ high prices for products. The
severe winter was hard on poultry.
The spring survey showed a decrease
of 16.7 per cent in the poultry of the
state. Reports indicate better con-
ditions prevailing in the fall of 1918
and less tendency for poultrymen to
abandon the business.

Publicity

In November, 1917, Mr. James S.
Chamberlin, of the Staff, was dele-
gated to look after the installation of
large painted signs and billboard
advertisements calHng attention to
food conservation. These signs were
put up in conspicuous places in Man-
chester, Nashua, Concord, Dover,
Berhn, Portsmouth, Rochester and
on the grounds of the State College,
Durham. Attractive as they were,
they appealed to the eye and kept the
problem of conservation before the
people.

In addition to this, the bill-posting
system in every one of the cities of
New Hampshire was placed at the dis-
posal of the Food Administrator, and
managers and proprietors of these
systems were always glad to use the
large posters that were sent to them
at various times from Washington.
Mr. Joseph G. Chandler, proprietor
of the Bachelder system in Concord,
not only placed his own boards at the
disposal of the Food Administration,

but also secured the cooperation of
other systems throughout the state.
Hotels also assisted in the publicity
campaign by printing on their menus
an appeal for conservation, and mer-
chants, running advertisements in
newspapers, used part of their space
for the same purpose.

A great number of posters from the
Washington office and several original
ones from the Concord office were put
up by the local representatives in
their respective communities. The
school teachers, too, of the state
called frequently for posters to be
hung up in their school rooms and
Mr. David Murphy of Concord, the
State Merchants' representative, made
an automobile trip through New
Hampshire in order to put posters in
the windows of the merchants in every
city.

A Food Administration Booth, de-
signed by Mr. James W. Tucker, the
executive secretary, was also used to
advertise conservation. This booth
was so constructed as to be easily
assembled or taken down, in order
that it might be shipped to different
fairs and exhibitions in the state.
Demonstrations in canning and dry-
ing were given in this booth by an
expert, and one of the attendants
distributed bulletins or answered ques-
tions on food conservation. Although
the full usefulness of the booth was
interfered with in the early fall of
1918 by the influenza epidemic, it
attracted hundreds of people at Con-
cord and at Hampton Beach during
carnival week.

Another method of appealing to the
people was through lantern slides dis-
played in the moving picture theaters
of the state. The Food Administra-
tor for New Hampshire also had films
made of "The Awakening of Amer-
ica," a pageant written and produced
by Miss Dorothy Emerson, one of the
emergency demonstrators.

The newspapers of New Hampshire,
both daily and weekly, showed them-
selves exceedingly generous in pub-
lishing Food Administration news.

federal

FOOD ADMINI5TRATICN

-for-
NEW MAMP5M1PE

Food Administration in the Granite State

199

Most of them ran the column of
"plate" sent to them each week by
H. H. Scudder, Publicity and Edu-
cational Director. There was also a
regular service of daily news stories of
which the daihes made constant use.

In Retrospect

The compilers of this report of the
part New Hampshire took in help-
ing to solve the world food crisis have
never had a more agreeable task
assigned to them. From the moment
they became connected with the Food
Administration they felt themselves
in an atmosphere where work was a
pleasure, and a constantly inspiring
spirit of service dominated everybody
connected with the organization.
When they took trips to Washington
in connection with their duties, they
always came back brim full of en-
thusiasm. Why?

Perhaps it was because the officials
at Washington expressed so frequently
their delight with the achievements of
the New Hampshire Food Adminis-
tration. Perhaps it was because they
realized that they had been exchang-
ing ideas with men who were living
up to the highest conception of Amer-
ican patriotism. It may have been
both; for it is undoubtedly true that
state consciousness is a potent factor
in time of war in encouraging com-
munity effort, and contact with na-
tional leaders is a source of inspiring
incentive to renewed endeavor.

This was clearly evident in the great
mass meeting held under the auspices
of the Public Safety Committee in
Concord May 9, 1918, when Major
Laughlin Maclean Watt, of the fa-
mous Black Watch Regiment of Scot-
land, Mr. Arthur Bestor, of the Com-
mittee on Public Information, and
Mr. Fred Walcott, of the United
States Food Administration, gave so
vivid a portrayal of the crisis con-
fronting the world. And that same
evening at a dinner given in Concord
by the Federal Food Administrator of
New Hampshire to his personal repre-
sentatives throughout the state, Major

Watt, Mr. Walcott and Mr. Arthur
Dupee thrilled those present and made
them realize that they could not relax
for a minute in the work assigned to
them in the state of New Hampshire.

Now this was not the sole effort of
the United States Food Administra-
tion on behalf of the Granite State.
It was also most generous in sending
various members of the staff to ad-
dress audiences in our large cities.

The New Hampshire Food Admin-
istration felt particularly indebted,
however, to Mr. John Hallowell and
Mr. Arthur Dupee of Mr. Hoover's
staff. These men, endowed with the
same marvelous spirit of patriotism
that their chief possessed, worked
constantly in the solution of difficult
problems in the States Relations
Division. They showed a special
interest in the progress of the work in
New Hampshire and were of inestim-
able service to the state in many ways.

How successful the work was, the
reader has already seen. The first
emergency food production campaign
put New Hampshire at the top of the
New England States with a 35 per
cent increase, while her nearest com-
petitor, Connecticut, had a 14 per
cent increase. The second campaign
under the Food Production Com-
mittee in 1918 gave New Hampshire
an increase of 17 per cent over 1917,
2 per cent behind Connecticut, the
leader. A comparison of the pro-
duction in 1918 compared with that
in 1916, however, shows that New
Hampshire had an increase of 58 per
cent, while Vermont, her nearest com-
petitor, had an increase of only 16.5
per cent.

In the Hoover Pledge Card Cam-
paign, New Hampshire stood among
the leaders, with 80 per cent of the
families signing the pledges volun-
tarily and in the work accomplished
by the Hotel and Restaurant Com-
mittee, the state was rated among the
first five in the country. Other suc-
cessful achievements were the small
gardens throughout the state, the
work of the school boys with a pro-

200

The Granite Monthly

duction in 1917and 1918 of crops to the
value of about -$150,000, the Canning,
the Potato and the Corn Meal Cam-
paigns. Two great sources of satis-
faction were the sending by Mr.
Hoover of the plan of organization of
the women of New Hampshire to
all the Federal Food Administrators
in the country and the visit of the
Canadian representatives to study
our system.

The important factor in the success
mentioned above was naturally the
organization of the Food Administra-
tion. It seemed like a big family
whose sons and daughters, the unit
chairmen and the local administra-
tors, living in different communities
of the state, worked in complete ac-
cord with the parent authority in Con-
cord, that the old Granite State might
maintain its high standard of service
to the nation in time of need.

This high standard of service pre-
vailed, too, among the wholesalers,
retailers, the bakers and the hotel men
of the state. They realized what was
at stake and gave their best thought,
at the conferences called by the Food
Administrator, to the solution of the
problem at hand. Although there
were some violations of the regula-
tions, it may be said that the central
office worked in the closest harmony
with all the forces having anything to
do with the dispensing of commodities.

The problem that affected all the
people of the state most particularly
was the rationing of sugar. Hours
and hours were devoted by the staff
to the study of the best method of
distributing the sugar allotted to New
Hampshire. An efficient plan was
finally evolved, and everything was
going along smoothly, when the
United States Sugar Division an-
nounced a big decrease in the amount
of sugar allotted to the state. Mr.
Spaulding went at once to Washing-
ton, convinced the authorities of their
mistake and returned to Concord with
an order for enough sugar to meet
the minimum requirements of New
•Hampshire.

The thought may suggest itself that
the extensive work carried out by the
Food Administration in New Hamp-
shire must have cost a lot of money.
Here, again, New Hampshire leads;
for figures at Washington show that
the cost to the United States of the
work of the New Hampshire Food Ad-
ministration was the lowest in the
country, not only actually, but rela-
tively. The state, through the Pub-
lic Safety Committee, by giving office
room and equipment had something
to do with keeping the expenses down.

A very dehghtful testimonial of the
devotion of the staff and the em-
ployees to Mr. Spaulding was the sur-
prise dinner given to him at Concord,
at which time he was presented with
a silver water pitcher. The local
administrators, who with the unit
chairmen had been the backbone of
the state organization, also gave a
dinner to Mr. Spaulding and pre-
sented him with a large silver punch
bowl.

As one looks back on the work of
1917 and 1918, there comes the feel-
ing of deep pride in the responsive-
ness of all the people of the state to the
call to do their utmost that democracy
might live, and mingled with it is the
sense of gratitude for the privilege of
serving the old Granite State.

Unit Chairmen

The following are the unit chair-
men of the Women's Committee,
Council of National Defense, co-
operating with Huntley N. Spauld-
ing, the Federal Food Administrator
for New Hampshire.

Miss Julia F. Baker, Acworth.

Mrs. Irma J. Nickerson, Albany.

Mrs. Nat G. Plummer, Alexandria.

Miss Helen M. Kimball, Alstead.

Mrs. E. R. Wright, Alton.

Mrs. Fannie L. Clark, Amherst.

Mrs. Nahum J. Bachelder, East Andover.

Mrs. Mary J. Wilkinson, Antrim.

Mrs. Louie V. Fifield, Ashland.

Mrs. Herbert A. Sawyer, R. F. D. 3, Haverhill'

Mass.
Mrs. Alice J. Shattuck, Auburn.
Mrs. Ralph W. Tuttle, Center Barnstead.
Mrs. Francis O. Tyler, East Barrington.

Food Administration in the Granite State

201

Mrs. Marion R. Stoddard, Bartlett,

Mrs. Martha F. Wiggin, Bedford.

Mrs. F. W. Fitzpatrick, Belmont.

Mrs. Helen Dunklee, Bennington.

Mrs. A. M. Stahl, Berlin.

Mrs. Mary Dunham, Bethlehem.

Mrs. Belle Brown, Boscawen.

Mrs. Annie W. Stevens, R. F. D. 4, Concord.

Mrs. Mary L. H. Carr, Bradford.

Mrs. John Lake, Brentwood.

Mrs. Sherman Fletcher, Bridgewater.

Mrs. Samuel Ferguson, Bristol.

Mrs. L. S. Powers, Brookline.

Mrs. Daisy M. Stickney, R. F. D. 3, Ply-
mouth.

Mrs. James B. Wallace, Canaan.

Mrs. Frank E. Page, R. F. D. 1, Manchester.

Mrs. Freeman T. Jackman, R. F. D. 11,
Penacook.

Mrs. L. B. Hall, Twin Mountain.

Mrs. F. B. Stanley, Center Harbor.

Mrs. William H. Gilson, Charlestown.

Mrs. Edith H. Tappan, Chester.

Mrs. Ruth M. Webb, West Chesterfield,

Mrs. Sally P. Carpenter, Chichester.

Miss Emma H. Baum, Claremont.

Mrs. Horace Comstock, Clarksville. ,

Mrs. Lizzie Young, Colebrook.

Miss E. Gertrude Dickerman, Hunt wood
Terrace, Concord.

Miss Myrtle P. Conant, Bath.

Mrs. Lillian S. Newell, Contoocook.

Mrs. A. M. D. Blouin, Center Conway.

Mrs. Lizzie C. Wood, R. F. D. 4, Windsor, Vt.

Mrs. Helen L. Barton, Croydon.

Mrs. Thomas Smith, R. F. D. 1, Whitefield.

Mrs. Miles Roby, Danburv.

Mrs. Allen C. Keith, Danville.

Miss Laura M. Marston, R. F. D. 1, Ray-
mond.

Miss Izetta Fisher, Hillsborough.

Mrs. Lando B. Hardy, Derry Village.

Mrs. Robert Ashley, Dorchester.

Miss Ahce Clark, 36 Summer St., Dover.

Mrs. M. D. Mason, Dublin.

Mrs. C. H. Lord, R. F. D. 2, Concord.

Mrs. Annie J. Morgan, Durham.

MLss May Shirley, East Kingston.

Mrs. W. N. Snow, Snowville.

Mrs. Augusta Pike, Effingham.

Mrs. Katherine Carlton, Enfield.

Mrs. Margie E. Ricker, R. F. D. 1, Epping.

Miss Eleanora S. Chesley, Epsom.

Mrs. Harriett G. Burlingame, Exeter.

Mrs. E. C. Perkins, Farmington.

Mrs. George H. Fairbanks, Fitzwilliam.

Mrs. E. D. Stevens, Francestown.

Mrs. H. L. Johnson, Franconia.

Miss Mary A. Proctor, Franklin.

Mrs. Walter Nutter, Freedom.

Mrs. J. Harold Mitchell, Freedom.

Mrs. Bertha Stevenson, Fremont.

Mrs. W. A. Jackson, Gilford.

Mrs. Clarence P. Ballard, Gilmanton Iron
Works.

Mrs. Dana Wilder, Gilsum.

Mrs. Mary A. Parker, Goffstown.

Miss Mary E. Noonan, Gorham.
Mrs. Lillian K. Morgan, Goshen.
Mrs. A. E. Valia, Grafton.
Miss Virginia Diamond, Grantham.
Mrs. Nellie F. Heller, Greenfield.
Mrs. D. C. MacLachlan, Greenland.
Mrs. W. H. Doonan, Greenville.
Mrs. Annie K. Little, Hampstead.
Mrs. Howard G. Lane, Hampton.
Mrs. W'illiam H. McDeavitt, Hampton Falls.
Miss Ella Ware, Hancock.
Mrs. Homer E. Keyes, Hanover.
Mrs. E. L. Keniston, Harrisville.
Mrs. Norman J. Page, Haverhill.
Mrs. Harry Morgan, Hebron.
Mrs. F. L. Chase, Henniker.
Mrs. Jean M. Shaw, Hill.
Mrs. John B. Smith, Hillsborough.
Miss Georganna R. Scott, Hinsdale.
Mrs. Lorin Webster, Holderness.
Mrs. Charles E. Hardy, Hollis.
Mrs.'C. Frank Stevens, Hooksett.
Mrs. Franklin Johnson, Hopkinton.
Miss Annabel Morgan, Hudson.
Mrs. J. B. Hurlin, Jackson.
Mrs. Homer White, East Jaffrey.
Mrs. Annie Small, Riverton.
Mrs. Fred E. Barrett, Court St., Keene.
Mrs. G. A. Prescott, Kensington.
Mrs. Levi Bartlett, Kingston.
Miss Claribel Clark, Laconia.
Mrs. Merrill Shurtleff, Lancaster.
Mrs. C. S. Chandler, Landaf?.
Mrs. George Porter, Langdon.
Mrs. A. J. Hough, Lebanon.
Mrs. Louis Snell, R. F. D. 5, Dover.
Mrs. Susie B. Hurd, Lempster.
Mrs. Charles B. Henry, Lincoln.
Mrs. Vida S. Webb, Lisbon.
Mrs. R. H. Campbell, R. F. D. 1, Hudson.
Mrs. G. E. Speare, Littleton.
Mrs. Rosecrans W. Pillsbury, Londonderry.
Mrs. W. A. Megrath, Loudon.
Mrs. W. S. Tarbell, South Lyndeborough.
Mrs. Frank J. Bemis, Madbury.
Miss Emma M. Forrest, Madison.
Mrs. George D. Towne, 2279 Elm St., Man-
chester.
Mrs. Kate K. Davis, Marlborough.
Mrs. Jennie F. Wright, Marlow.
Mrs. Eugene Whitaker, Mason.
Mrs. D. Emery Eaton, Meredith.
Mrs. Joseph N. Henderson, Merrimack.
Mrs. J. S. Phipps, Milan.
Mrs. W. Francis French, Milford.
Mrs. Caroline Fifield, Lyme.
Mrs. James P. Wiley, Milton.
Mrs. Agnes Gibson, Monroe.
Mrs. Ralph E. Goodwin, Moultonborough.
Mrs. Susan F. Wallace, Nashua.
Mrs. T. N. Barker, East SulUvan.
Mrs. Annie B. Read, New Boston.
Mrs. Florence H. Symonds, Newbury.
Mrs. MjTa J. Jones, New Durham.
Mrs. Harry G. Atwood, Newfields.
Rev. Anna B. Parker, New Hampton.
Mrs. Henry Barnes, Newington.

202

The Granite Monthly

Mrs. Phillip F. Gordon, New Ipswich.

Mrs. Melville Robbins, New London.

Mrs. Alanson Haines, Newmarket.

Mrs. Mary M. Sibley, Newport.

Mrs. John E. Hayford, Newton.

Mrs. Harry B. Smith, Groveton.

Mrs. Florence L. Miner, Northwood Ridge.

Mrs. Elizabeth W. Fernald, Nottingham.

Miss Luella M. Huse, R. F. D., Canaan.

Mrs. Francis B. Morrison, Orford.

Mrs. E. C. Connor, Ossipee.

Mrs. Alice Hillman, R. F. D., Nashua.

Mrs. Henry S. Roberts, Suncook.

Mrs. William H. Schofield, Peterborough.

Mrs. John P. Metcalf, Piermont.

Mrs. Henry Johnson, Pittsburgh.

Mrs. William Ely, Pittsfield.

Mrs. James C. Wark, Windsor, Vt.

Miss Cora B. Pollard, Plaistow.

Mrs. Verne F. Pierce, Plymouth.

Miss M. I. Boger, Portsmouth.

Mrs. John H. Boothman, Randolph.

Mrs. Charles P. Armstrong, Raymond.

Mrs. Harold Dickinson, Richmond.

Miss Mary Lee Ware, West Rindge.

Mrs. J. J. Abbott, Rochester.

Mrs. Jessie Doe, R. F. D., Dover.

Mrs. George C. Craig, Rumney.

Mrs. Agnes E. Perkins, Rye Beach.

Mrs. H. E. Pulver, Salem Depot.

Mrs. Frank Dunlap, Salisbury.

Mrs. Charles Page, North Hampton.

Mrs. George A. Underbill, .5 Beard St., Nashua.

Mrs. M. A. Hill, Sanbornton.

Mrs. Laura J. M. Talbot, Sandown.

Mrs. F. M. Smith, Sandwich.

Miss Annie M. Perkins, Seabrook.

Mrs. Mae Taylor, Shelburne.

Mrs. WilUam Ames, Somersworth.

Mrs. Maurice Brock, Springfield.

Mrs. Lou Merrill, Stewartstown.

Mrs. Mary F. Sanborn, Stoddard.

Mrs. Herman R. Hill, Strafford.

Mrs. Lena J. Rich, Stratford.

Mrs. Annie W. Scammon, Stratham.

Mrs. Ella D. Brown, Sullivan.

Mrs. R. T. Walcott, Sunapee.

Mrs. J. V. StilUngs, Surry.

Mrs. Ada L. Little, North Sutton.

Mrs. E. A. Nelson, East Swanzey.

Mrs. Sarah F. Kimball, Tamworth.

Mrs. David WilUams, Temple.

Mrs. Frank L. Hazeltine, Thornton.

Mrs. W. B. Fellows, Tilton.

Mrs. F. Ripley, Jr., Troy.

Mrs. Walter Fernald, Melvin Village.

Mrs. Carrie Reed, Unity.

Mrs. Clara H. Sanborn, Sanbornville.

Miss Mary Howland Bellows, Walpole.

Mrs. Frederick Adee Smith, Warner.

Mrs. George E. Brown, Warren.

Mrs. H. R. Batchelder, Washington.

Mrs. M. E. Currier, North Weare.

Miss Winnifred M. Putney, Webster.

Mrs. Mary L. Thomas, Wentworth.

Mrs. Eva Burt, Westmoreland.

Mrs. Bertha Sawyer, Whitefield.

Mrs. Vernon L. Fisher, Center Wilmot.
Mrs. W. H. Jennings, Winchester.
Mrs. J. Arthur Nesmith, Windham.
Mrs. C. O. Doe, W^olfeboro.
Mrs. Bernice Orozoco, North Woodstock.
Mrs. Sidney P. Wiley, Charlestown.
Mrs. Frank A. Mace, Kensington.
Mrs. Caroline Edgerly, Tuftonborough.

Local Administrators

The following are the names of local
food administrators who cooperated
with Huntley N. Spaulding, the
Federal Food Administrator for New
Hampshire.

Guy S. Neal, Ac worth.

Ichabod Hammond, Pequaket.

B. H. Sleeper, R. F. D., Bristol,

M. A. Currier, Alstead.

Charles H. McDuffee, Alton.

Charles P. Dodge, Amherst.

H. L. Thurston, East Andover.

Robert W. .Jameson, Antrim.

Carl H. Robinson, Antrim.

Albion Kahler, Ashland.

Herbert N. Sawyer, Atkinson.

Fred H. Hall, Auburn.

Dr. George H. Hawley,' Center Barnstead.

Lawrence Haley, East Barrington.

WilUam Pitman, Intervale.

T. B. Southard, Bath.

Harry W. Peaslee, R. F. D. 7, Manchester.

Col. John M. Sargent, Belmont.

Maj. A. J. Pierce, Bennington.

L. H. Parker, Benton.

William E. Matthews, Berlin.

Benjamin Tucker, Bethlehem.

Frank L- Gerrish, Boscawen.

Robert W. Upton, R. F. D. 3, Concord.

George W. Cofrin, Bradford.

Rev. A. Gibson, Brentwood.

Everett Atwood, R. F. D. 1, Plymouth.

Ira A. Chase, Bristol.

Charles Willey, R. F. D. 1, Sanbornville.

Orville D. Fessenden, Brookline.

George D. Pattee, R. F. D. 3, Plymouth.

Frank D. Currier, Canaan.

Willis E. Lougee, Candia.

Elmer Osgood, R. F. D. 3, Penacook.

E. W. Burns, Twin Mountain.
Orville P. Smith, Center Harbor.
C. A. Smith, Charlestown.

Olin R. Hanscom, Chatham.
William Underbill, Chester.
Burton C. Thatcher, Chesterfield.
Albert S. Dame, R. F. D. 7, Concord.
Judge H. S. Richardson, Claremont.

F. W. Johnston, Claremont.
Darwin Lombard, Colebrook.
Freeman G. Marshall, Columbia.
J. C. Derby, Concord.

H. Boardman Fifield, Conway.
W. E. Beaman, Cornish.
Charles P. Barton, Croydon.
Rev. D. C. Hershey, Whitefield.

Food Administration in the Granite State

203

Dr. L. V. Knapp, Danbury.
Clarence M. Collins, Danville.
Chester E. Maj-nard, South Deerfield.
H. Chester Smith, Hillsborough.
William H. Ranney, Derry.
George N. Burnham, Dorchester.
Dr. Louis W. Flanders, Dover.
Henry N. Gowing, Dublin.
Ernest P. Goud, Milan.
F. E. Garvin, Dunbarton.
C. H. Pettee, Durham.
Anson J. Cole, East Kingston.
Charles A. Young, Easton.
Eugene Hatch, Center Conway.
E. Forrest Leavitt, Effingham.

E. C. Wilcox, Enfield.

Dr. A. W. Mitchell, Epping.
Dr. Roscoe Hill, Epsom.

F. H. Evans, Errol.
John Scammon, Exeter.
Frank Adams, Farmington.
Fred I. Thayer, Fannington.
Rev. Albert A. Howes, Fitzwilliam.
Rodman Schaff, Fitzwilliam.
Edward W. Farnum, Francestown.
Dr. H. L. Johnson, Franconia.
Leonard M. Aldrich, Franconia.
Warren F. Daniell, Franklin.
George L Philbrick, Freedom.
Stephen A. Frost, Fremont.
Leland M. James, Gilford.
Stephen Weeks, Gilmanton.

Phin M. Wright, Gilsum.
Charles G. Barnard, Goffstown.
Judge A. R. Evans, Gorham.
Fred W. Pike, Mill Village.
A. W. Bennett, Grafton Center.
Perley Walker, Grantham.
E. H. Clover, Greenfield.
Charles H. Brackett, Greenland.
Frederick W. Ely, Greenville.
J. A. Rogers, North Groton.
Daniel Emerson, Hampstead.
Joseph B. Brown, Hampton.
Walter B. Farmer, Hampton Falls.
Edson K. L^pton, Hancock.
Prof. C. D. Adams, Hanover.
Percy W. Russell, Cheshani.
Charles H. Morey, Hart's Location.
Horace B. Knight, Haverhill.
Frank O. Morse, East Hebron.
William H. Bean, Henniker.
Jean M. Shaw, Hill.
John H. Grimes, Hillsborough.
W. F. Robertson, Hinsdale.
Charles E. Kayou, Hinsdale.
LawTence J. Webster, Holderness.
Willis C. Hardy, Hollis.
George Keating, Hooksett.
Robert T. Gould, Contoocook.
Frank A. Connell, Hudson.
Arthur P. Gale, Jackson.
Charles L. Rich, East JaSjej'.
Richard B. Eastman, Jefrcrson.
Robert Faulkner, Keene.
Judge Louis G. Hoyt, Kingston.
Arthur G. Wadleigh, Hampton Falls.

Judge F. M. Beckford, Laconia.

Fred C. Congdon, Lancaster.

Charles S. Chandler, Landaff.

H. A. Holmes, Charlestown.

F. U. Bell, Lebanon.

Lewis H. Snell, R. F. D. 5, Dover.

A. L. Benway, Lempster.
Alfred Stanley, Lincoln.
Ben S. Webb, Lisbon.
Norris C. Griffin, Manchester.
Henry E. Richardson, Littleton.
J. C. Donahue, Livermore.
Ralph Parmenter, Hudson.

Dr. W. H. Mitchell, Loudon.
C. E. Mason, Lyman.
George W. Barnes, Lyme.
Roy N. Putnam, Lyndeborough.
Wilham E. Hayes, Madbury.
John F. Chick, Madison.
Dr. J. H. Gleason, Manchester.
WiUiam B. McKay, Manchester.
Robert Whitney, Marlborough.
George A. Corey, Marlow.
Albert B. Eaton, Meriden.

B. R. Dearborn, Meredith.
Norris Henderson, Merrimack.
Charles F. Young, Reed's Ferry.
Charles Knowles, Union.

L. A. Bickford, Milan.
Emory D. Heald, Milford.
William Lougee, Milton.
Willis L. Reynolds, Milton Mills.
Rev. C. L. Carter, Monroe.
George D. Kittredge, Mont Vernon.
James C. French, Moultonborough.
Harry P. Greeley, Nashua.
H. E. Priest, Nelson.
Louis W. Swanson, New Boston.
John H. GiUingham, South Newbury.
George H. Jones, New Durham.
Harry G. Atwood, Newfields.
Arthur E. Cox, New Hampton.
Stillman A. Packard, Newington.
W. A. Preston, New Ipswich.
M. Gale Eastman, New London.
W. M. Pilsbury, New London.
Henry E. George, Newmarket.
George A. Fairbanks, Newport.
Irving M. Heath, Newton.
Joseph O. Hobbs, North Hampton.
E. H. Macloon, Groveton.
John Towle, Northwood Ridge.
Thomas E. Fernald, Nottingham.
Barney Eastman, Orange.
Harry E. Morrison, Orford.
Dana J. Brown, Ossipee.
Sherman O. Hobbs, Pelham.
George W. Fowler, Pembroke.
Arthur H. Spaulding, Peterborough.
Admon C. Drury, Piermont.
Parker Tabor, Pittsbiu-g.
Herbert B. Fischer, Pittsfield.
Fred P. Hill, Plaistow.
Louis E. Shipman, Plainfield.
John E. Smith, Plymouth.
Frank J. Beal, Plymouth.
George A. Wood, Portsmouth.

204

The Granite Monthly

John H. Boothman, Randolph.
Walter J. Dudley, Raymond.
Leason Martin, R. F. D., Winchester.
Harris H. Rice, Rindge.
Leslie P. Snow, Rochester.
John K. Allen, Rochester.
Guy Smart, Rochester.
Joseph D. Roberts, R. F. D., Dover.
Thomas M. Dillingham, Roxbury.
George C. Craig, Rumney Depot.
H. Russell Sawyer, Rye Beach.
William E. Lancaster, Salem.
Buron W. Sanborn, Andover.
Frank H. Hunkins, Sanbornton.
John G. Goodwin, Chester.
Charles B. Hoyt, Sandwich.
Jacob F. Dow, Seabrook.
Alpha T. Wilson, Sharon.
Lawrence A. Philbrook, Shelburne.
Judge C. H. Wells, Somersworth.
James M. Carr, South Hampton.
S. W. Philbrick, West Springfield.
Paul R. Cole, Groveton.
Leon Ripley, West Stewartstown.
C. B. McClure, Munsonville.
James H. Stiles, Center Strafford.
John C. Hutchins, Stratford.
Frank H. Pearson, Stratham.

Arthur E. Rugg, Sullivan.

George Gardner, Sunapee.

Hiram F. Newell, Keene.

Fred H. Pratt, Sutton.

Henry W. Brown, West Swanzey.

Ralph B. Smith, Tamworth.

George H. Wheeler, Wilton.

W. B. Emmons, West Thornton,

Osborne J. Smith, Tilton.

Franklin Ripley, Sr., Troy.

John A. Edgerly, Mirror Lake.

Frank Reed, Unity.

J. Frank Farnum, Union.

George L. Houghton, Walpole.

Andrew J. Hook, Warner.

F. C. Jackson, Warren.

F. A. Peaslee, East Washington.

George Eastman, South Weare.

Benjamin P. Little, Warner.

Dr. Samuel Frazier, Wentworth.

Edward C. Greene, Westmoreland.

E. M. Bowker, Whitefield.

F. E. Goodhue, Wilmot.
Frank L. Davis, Wilton.

G. C. Hawkins, Winchester.

John E. Cochran, Windham Depot.
Judge Ernest H. Trickey, Wolfeboro.
Frank A. Fox, North Woodstock.

MY MOTHER

By Edward Hersey Richards

Who is it keeps the pace with time
No matter to what heights I climb
And holds my heart with love sublime?
My Mother.

Who is it, when I wayward bend
Bereft of hope, or gold, or friend,
Awaits me, loysd to the end?
My Mother.

Who is it, when the shadows fall
And Sorrow's night obscures my all
Holds out the light and heeds my call?
Mv Mother.

Exeter, N. H.

Who is it when she goes away
Where angels dwell, and goes to stay,
Departing, bids me watch and pray?
Mv Mother.

THE SPIRIT AND THE VISION

Where there is no vision the people perish.^' — Old Spanish Proverb
By Frances Parkinson Keyes

The battered Httle Ford runal)out,
three years old and never repainted,
its shablby top thrown back, its hinges
creaking, looked strangely out of place
as it drew up at the brilliantly lighted
entrance of Mr. Thomas Hamlin's
town house, and came to a noisy and
abrupt stop. Mr. Thomas Hamlin
was a dignified and imposing per-
sonage, and his residence certainly
reflected its owner's characteristics;
only the most expensive, silent, and
shining limousines stopped there as a
rule, and impassive chauffeurs sat
staring stolidly in front of them, while
the owners of the marvellous machines
walked with quiet assurance up the
broad, low, gray marble steps. The
young man who had been driving the
Ford, however, jumped out, shut the
door of his car with a bang, and pushed
the house-bell with considerable de-
termination. He was tall, lean, and
frankly shabby, from the crown of his
rough, weatherbeaten gray cap to the
soles of his heavy leather boots.
Nevertheless, the face of the very
correct man-servant who opened the
door changed its expression to some-
thing not unlike a smile, and he spoke
with real cordiality, mixed with sur-
prise, before the visitor had so much as
stated his errand.

"Mr. Garland! I'm that glad to
see you, sir! It's a long time — beg-
ging your pardon, sir — since you've
been here."

"Rather!" The visitor smiled,
showing some very white teeth. "I'm
glad to see you, too. Thompson —
convinces me somebody^ s been taking
good care of the family, anyway."

"Oh, as to that, sir — "

" I kno\^^ Is Miss Gloria in? "

Thompson coughed, and his ex-
pression became doubtful. "Yes, sir,
she's in; but very much engaged, I'm
afraid, sir."

"Very much engaged!" thundered
the caller, his bright smile quite gone.

"Oh no, not — that way — not as^ I
know of, sir. But there's been a din-
ner, and there's quite a crowd in for
dancing afterwards, besides, sir —
you'll hear the music beginning again
just now. But if you'll step into the
reception-room, sir, I'll see, what I can
do — I'll tell Miss Gloria, anyway, that
you're here."

The boy pulled off his shabby cap,
and followed the servant into the
white-panelled room with its gilt
furniture and its glare of light; then,
as if attempting to escape as far as
possible from it all, he crossed to the
window, threw up the shade, and stood
staring angrily out into the street.
What an atmosphere! It wasn't sour
grapes — he was honestly glad that he
had never lived in it. Did anyone
really live in it? — Did Mr. Thomas
Hamhn, with his heavy correctness,
and his manner of uttering bromidic
nothings as if they were the brilliant
and original inspirations of his own
dignified brain? Did Mrs. Thomas
Hamhn, with her lorgnon that shut
with a click, and her carefully regu-
lated smile, and equally carefully
regulated figure? Did Thomas Ham-
lin, Jr. — and all the friends that he
brought home with him — with their
silk socks, and their imported ciga-
rettes, and their taste for musical com-
edy? Yes, and their abihty to buy
long-stemmed roses and big boxes of
chocolates for Gloria! Did Gloria
herself really live? — Gloria, who at
sixteen, her years divided between
a country boarding-school in the

206

The Granite Monthly

winter, and a very quiet seaside resort
in the summer (that was before Mr.
Thomas Hamhn had pulled off that
last enormous deal in copper) had
been so wholesome and sunshiny and
generally delicious? Not that he
meant to be unjust to Gloria, in her
later development, or bitter about
her — not in the least — only —

"Steven! Where on earth did you
drop from? And — and — why if you
don't mind my asking?"

The boy turned abruptly. Gloria
Hamlin had come into the room
quietly and quickly, pulling the pink
brocade portieres together behind her
as she did so. Her golden hair was
piled up high, soft and fine and shin-
ing, on her erect little head; her
sleeveless dress, with its mere apology
for a bodice, was of gold-spangled
tulle; there were gilt slippers on her
feet, and a small gilt fan in her hand;
and out of all this dazzhng glitter, her
face and neck and arms shone all the
whiter and lovelier and more perfect
than he had ever seen them.

"Good Heavens, Gloria, you star-
tled me! I didn't hear you come in —
must have been thinking about some-
thing pretty hard, and you're — sort of
dazzling — "

"Sorry to have interrupted a valu-
able train of thought — I suppose I'm
quite the most expensive looking
creature you've seen lately and that it
was too much for you!"

"Exactly. Thank you for supply-
ing me with just the right phrase,"
the boy retorted in a voice as hard as
hers, the honest admiration entirely
faded from it. She stamped her foot.

"There you begin, quarrelling with
me again, and you haven't been inside
the door five minutes! Do tell me
what you want quickly! Didn't
Thompson tell you — I'm having a
party?"

"He said you were very much —
engaged — are you? "

"Is that what you came to find
out?"

"Partly."

"What else?"

"Is it really necessary to treat me
quite so much like a tramp asking for
a job? Well, mostly to ask you if you
wouldn't go out for a ride with me —
just once more?"

The girl burst out laughing. "Just
once more!" she mocked. "I wonder
how many times I've heard you say
that, as the ending to all kinds of
sentences! Gloria, do dance with
me — just once more! Gloria, do let
me come and see you again before I go
back to college — ^just once more!
Gloria, forgive me for losing my tem-
per — and being cross and jealous —
and disagreeable — just once more!
Gloria, let me kiss you— just once
more ! All that went on for two years,
and you know how it ended — two
silly children, wrangling and making
love in one breath, and then getting
found out, and very properly sep-
arated by their parents ! I think your
mother was as angry as mine, and
your father has a truly Biblical hatred
of the idle rich! And now that it's
all been over two years, you suddenly
turn up, without any warning what-
ever, when the house is crammed with
people, and calmly ask me to go out
to ride with you — as if you expected
me to accept!"

"Aren't you going to?" asked
Steven quietly.

"No— no — no — of course I'm not!
It wouldn't be just once more at all —
even if there were nothing else to be
said against it! — It would mean
starting the whole thing all over
again!"

" So you're afraid of that?"

The girl stamped her foot again.
"Of course I'm not — what makes you
twist my words so? But I know
perfectly well what 'just once more'
means with you!"

"This time it happens to mean
exactly that. I've ridden all day-
over all kinds of roads — to get here
tonight, hoping you'd say yes. I've
got to get back home tomorrow to
stay with my mother till Saturday."

"If it's the same old Flivver" — the
boy nodded — "You must have put

The Spirit and the Vision

207

in an awfully uncomfortable, jiggly,
jolty, wild-goose chase— for nothing!"
said Cdoria flippantly. "May I in-
quire where you're going on Saturday
— just to assure myself that I shan't
have to turn down another preposter-
ous invitation from you?"

"I'm going to France," said Steven
Garland.

Afterwards — it was not until he was
on the steamer — Steven realized how
suddenly the lovely mocking face grew
pale and quiet, and that Gloria,
catching hold of the portiere, dropped
the little glittering fan, and that it lay
for a full minute on the floor between
them before he stooped to pick it up.
At the time he was only conscious of
how rapidly she spoke and acted,
after that one silent moment.

"Don't bother; let it stay there — I
shan't need it. " Her fingers were on
the electric bell. "Why are you
going?"

"I can't help it."

"Father says the United States
may not get into the war at all. "

"I hope that isn't so; but that
wouldn't make any difference."

"Are you going into the Ambulance
Corps?"

"No — Aviation."

Gloria stooped over, and picked up
the fan herself ; her hands w^ere tremb-
ling — Steven remembered that after-
wards too; then she flung open the
portiere ; Thompson was standing out-
side.

"You rang, miss?"

"Yes. Ask Marie to give you a
heavy coat and scarf for me and bring
them to me in the vestibule — you'll
hurry, please. Come, Steven."

She put her hand on his arm, draw-
ing him after her, switched off the
entrance lights, and closed the front
door after them. Before Steven found
his voice, the servant had reappeared,
holding her wraps. Breathlessly, she
slipped into the coat, and wound the
scarf about her head.

"I'm going out with Mr. Garland,

Thompson. I mav be late getting
back."

"Yes, Miss."

"You'll please tell my mother."'

"Er — just that, begging your par-
don, miss?"

"Yes, it isn't to be a secret this
time — after I get away. But thank
you, Thompson, just the same."

And then she was climbing into the
motor, and asking "Will you drive, or
shall I?" and he was answering "I
will," and watching her, stupidly^
without offering to help her, while she
tucked herself in beside him. They
were in the suburbs before he was able
to fully realize that it had really
happened — that they were together —
and alone — again and that the chance
he had hoped and waited for so long
had come. He turned to her.

"Warm enough, Gloria?"

"Yes."

"Rather have the top up?"

"No."

" Care particularly what time we get
back?"

"Not in the least."

"You're a good sport, same as al-
ways, aren't you? Because if you
don't, I thought we'd get straight out
into the country, to that little lake we
found once — remember? — and climb
out, and sit beside it for a while —
there's an awfully jolly moon, and it
isn't cold — and — and — I think it would
be rather fun, don't you?"

"Anywhere you say."

"Look here, Gloria, you're awfully
quiet! Is anything the matter?"

They were already past the lighted
streets, and her face, shadow^ed bj^ the
scarf, w'as turned away from him.
Steven gave a little laugh.

"There were advantages to that
Httle old brown horse I used to have,
after all," he said. "I could drive
him with one hand, and he didn't
need much driving, at that! On a
pinch I could drop the reins entirely,
he went along about the same. But
I've got to hang on to this blamed
wheel, or we'll go into the gutter. So

208

The Granite Monthly

please be a good girl, and look round at
me just this once!"

The words were out before he could
stop them, and he tried to catch them
back, fearing another bitter answer.
But Gloria surprised him — she turned
around, to be sure, but quite silently,
and in the dim light he saw that she
was crying, as if her heart would
break.

His own suddenly stood still; less
than an hour before she had been
standing before him so hard and glit-
tering and erect, making him hot and
cold with bashfulness, and resentment,
and shame — ^and now she was out
alone with him, this glorious spring
night, her shimmering dress covered
with a little rough serge coat, her ^
liands bare and cold because in her
liaste she had not stopped for gloves,
her wilfulness and self-assurance all
gone — crying! Was it possible that
this was the same girl? Or was it the
•old Gloria, miraculously come back?
He steered the motor to the side of the
road and stopped it.

"Gloria," he began, his voice
trembling a little, "you mustn't. I
shall be most awfully cut up, if you do.
I had no idea you'd take it like this.
I didn't think you'd care a bit. I
didn't feel I could go off without seeing
you just — without saying good-bye,
that's all," and timidly, almost awk-
wardly, he put his arm around her.
He was rewarded with a flash of the
old spirit.

"You do that very badly."

"I'm out of practise."

^'Too bad," flashed back Gloria,
"Let me help you" — and she threw
both hers around his neck; he drew
her towards him, and without speak-
ing, looked straight into her eyes.

"Yes," she said. "If you don't
hate me too much — I should think
you would," and began to cry again.
Then Steven surprised her; he let her
go, and started the car again.

"I'm not going to," he said stub-
bornly, "not until we get to the lake,
and sit down, and thrash things out.
Then maybe you'll say no."

"Aren't you taking rather a long
chance?" asked Gloria.

"Yes, I am; but I've got to take it.
I can't get near you wheii you're
making fun of me, because you hurt
me too darned much — nor when
you're crying, because that also hurts
too much — I don't see things straight.
This ma}^ be the last chance I'll ever
get to talk to you, and I've just got to
get them straight — see?"

"I see, " said Gloria, and sat staring
ahead of her for a long time; then at
last, "but I think you might have
kissed me — just once more!"

"That tiresome old phrase," mocked
Steven; but Steven's mocking was
very different from Gloria's. He
managed to get one arm around her
again, for a minute, in spite of the
wheel, and then he laughed very
happily, showing all his white teeth.
"There's not going to be any just
once more about that, darling, if I
get started at all, but I'm not certain
that I'm going to get started. "

"Aren't vou? " asked Gloria lightly,
"why not?"

"Because, as I've kept trying to tell
you, I asked you to come out here
with me tonight so that I could have
a chance to talk to you — alone and —
away from — all that stuff you live
cluttered up with. I haven't the least
idea of trying to get you to change
your mind about — well, about marry-
ing me. Of course it was a mistake
that we ever thought of that — I know
that now just as well as you do. But
I did care an awful lot for you, and
so—"

"You 'did'.?"

"Oh, I do, then! you know I do!
But that's beyond the mark. The
real point is, that because I did — and
do — I can't bear to go off to France
and perhaps — get — hurt — and have
to he still for a long time thinking of
you doing the sort of thing you've
been doing the last year or two, with-
out even attempting to make you see
that you're built for something much
better than that. It won't amount to
much — ni}' going over, I mean — except

The Spirit and the Vision

209

to me personally. It'll be a tremen-
dous satisfaction to me to go, but there
are hundreds of other fellows who can
accomplish five times as much as I can,
and who are doing it, right along.
Whereas yow" — he broke off, and
brought the little Ford to a stop —
"well, that's what I came to talk to
you about. Here we are — climb out."

Ill

Steven made her very comfortable
first. There were pillows tucked
away in the back of the motor ("He
nmst have been pretty certain I was
coming!" said Gloria to herself, as
she watched him taking them out)
and he spread the rug that had been
around them on the ground, and piled
the pillows up in one corner of it, and
then he unearthed a small blanket to
put over her; and when she was all
settled, he took out a battered old
pipe, filled and lighted it, and sat
looking down on the quiet little lake
shining in the moonlight for a long
time without speaking or moving.
At last he reached for her hand, which
was very smooth and small and cold,
and trembling a little, and taking it in
both his big rough warm ones, held it
fast.

"Isn't this wonderful, Gloria?" he
asked softly. "All this silence and
space and water and light, the open
bits of pasture and little pointed fir
trees, and — you and I alone"? I'll
never forget it, or get over being grate-
ful to you for coming with me. I
know it was a lot to ask of you; but
while I'm flying around up in the
clouds 'over there,' I'll live it over
and over again in my mind, just as
long as I live myself. "

"If that shouldn't happen to be
very long," he went on after a short
pause, during which Gloria did not
stir, "I think we'll both be glad that
we 'parted differently than — than the
w'ay we did the last time — that we did
go out together 'just once more!'"

"Steven — won't you believe me
when I tell you that I'm sorry — oh,
desperately sorry — for everything I

said and did that day. I've been
paying for it ever since, if that's any
satisfaction to j'ou. I did carer*

"Yon— did— "

"I — do! Oh, I can't let you go to
France! There are lots of other men
to go, just as you said. What dif-
ference will it make in the winning of
the war if you stay home? And
aviation, of all things! Why, I
never hear of an aviator except to read
that he's been killed and that's the
way you feel about it yourself — don't
you suppose I can tell? You know
you'll never come back, if you go — but
i won't let you go; I'll do anything —
anything — you ask me to now, if you'll
only stay with me!"

"I'm going on Saturday." he said
quietly "and I'd rather you talked to-
me the way you did the last time than
like that. It doesn't mean much to
me after all, to have you care for me,
if that's the way you feel."

He dropped her hand, and turned
a face towards her from which all the
youth and gentleness seemed to have
gone, leaving it stern and white and
cold.

"Listen to me," he said, "if this;
war hasn't done anything else good,
it has at least brought back to most of
us the capacity, which we seemed to
have lost, of seeing things in their
proper prospective — of being able to
distinguish between what really mat-
ters, and what only seems to matter;
and after we've been able to do that —
of choosing to stick to what's worth-
while, and dropping everything else
like a hot cake. I suppose, when
you're young like us, you can't help
maldng a personal matter of the big
events — I can't, anyway. And I
understand now — which I didn't be-
fore — why everything went dead
wrong with us from the beginning — we
kept letting non-essentials get in our
way; and the non-essentials, in our
case, were that you were beautiful
and rich and clever and worth-while,,
and that I was just an ignorant no-
count, stupid boy from a little one-
horse country town, where my father

210

The Granite Monthly

is a teacher in a two-by-four college,
and supports his entire family on less
than your father pays his butler!
I'd never even seen a girl like you
initil that day I found you changing a
tire — ^quite capably and all by your-
self — on the road between Meriden
and Boston, and stopped to see if I
couldn't help you. I couldn't, of
course — you were perfectly able to do
it yourself, and I saw that, after the
first minute; but I couldn't help
hanging around — just for the pleasure
of watching someone so lovely — and
so efficient — and when you asked me
perfectly casually, after everything
was in order again whether you
mightn't give me a lift — well, I nearly
jumped out of my skin with joy. I
was crazy about you from that
minute."

"We'd saved for years to take that
trip to the seashore; none of us had
ever seen the ocean before — and of
course we all expected wonderful
things of that vacation. But nothing
half so wonderful as what did happen.
When I wandered into that dance at
the Casino, the Saturday night after I
met you, I felt just like what I was — -
a great big country boob, and then
some — I was dressed all wrong, and I
didn't know any of the new dances,
and I was sure not a girl there would
look at me. Then suddenly, as I was
standing leaning against the veranda
rail, wondering whether I'd better go
home, or drown myself right then and
there, and rid the earth of such a
cuml>ersome object, you came along,
with half-a-dozen fellows at your heels,
and stopped and shook hands, and
said you were glad to see me again,
and hoped I was having a good time;
and while I was wondering how on
earth you did it — spoke so easily
and pleasantly, and as if nothing could
possibly embarrass or disturb you —
the music began again, and I blurted
out "May I have this dance?" and
then went hot and cold all over be-
cause I'd said it. And — ^the next
minute you were in my arms— do
you remember, Gloria?''

"I remember how angry the boy to
whom the dance really belonged was, "
she said with a little laugh, "and that
you danced very well indeed — so well,
that I was glad to have another with
you. Go on."

"Well, I'm not going to bore you
reviewing the whole thing. You were
kind to me at first because I was such
an absolute outsider that you could
afford to be; and by the next summer
— you'll never know how I worked
to scrape together the money to go to
Meriden a second time — -you were
kind because — someway — in spite of
yourself — ^you cared. Didn't you?"

"Yes," said Gloria, very low, "I
cared — quite a lot. "

For an instant it looked very much
as if Steven were about to forget his
strong-minded resolutions; but he
pulled himself together and went on.
"Now, if we'd only had sense enough
to face the non-essentials right then
and there, and thrash them, and stick
them behind us once for all, we'd have
been mar — we wouldn't have come to
grief the way we did. But although
we both knew they were there, we
tried to ignore them and shirk them.
So, as a result of our cowardice, we
quarrelled about them. And since
you were my superior in every way —
and I knew it — and you knew it —
and we each knew that the other knew
it — I was constantly in the position of
a starving dog who's grateful for any
meager bone that the little girl who
lives in the big house he's always M
hanging around will throw him — and
that's not a suitable attitude for any
man to have towards the girl that's
promised to marry him."

"Steven!"

"Well, that's the way things really
were, if you'll only be sincere enough
to admit it. You said this evening
that you thought my mother was just
as angry as yours when we were J
found out. She wasn't angry, but she
was pretty nearly heart-broken. She
thinks a lot of me, just because I'm
hers, you know, and she said she'd
never get over the disgrace of having

The Spirit and the Vision

211

her only son making love to a girl
secretly — with the help of a friendly
butler — when he didn't think he was
good enough — and« the girl didn't
think he was good enough — to go and
ask her father for her, like a decent
man, and then, if he were refused,
put up a good fight for her! In the
open! She said she didn't wonder
that I turned tail and ran, instead of
itiaking you stick by me, for my whole
behavior had been just as dishonor-
able and cowardly as if I'd — "

" As if you'd— what? " asked Gloria,
for he stopped and turned his head
away.

The boy swallowed hard, and flung
back his head. " As if I'd ruined some
poor little creature in the streets,"
he muttered, "she said the only dif-
ference was that a girl like you was
safe, and the other kind — wouldn't
be — that didn't make my share any
better. "

''And didn't your mother ever say
that / had behaved disgracefully? —
led you on, and played with you, and
then thrown you over after I'd got
over the fun and excitement of a new
plaything — the prerogative that any
idle, rich girl -has over the man she
considers beneath her?"

"No, she never said that — I don't
believe she ever thought it. You see,
I'd told her about vou."

"Told her what?"

"Why, how wonderful you were —
how capable and self-confident and
fearless — and how sweet and noble
and lovely, too."

" Did you feel that way about me —
afterwards?"

" Of course — why now? We had let
the non-essentials spoil things for us,
but the essentials were there just the
same, weren't they?"

"What were the essentials?"

"Those qualities in you I've just
described — and the fact that we loved
one another."

He took her hand again, and this
time kissed it gently and laid it against
his cheek and held it there for a minute.

"Listen darling," he said, "men —

like me — can go out and fight, and
die if we have to, but women — like
you — have got to win the war — same
as they always have. Aren't you
ready to begin to do your share?"

"But I don't know hoiv to do any-
thing ! What can I do? What is my
share?"

"You ought to be able to decide
that better than I can; but I'll tell
you what I think, if I may. "

"Please; only Steven — •"

"Yes, dear?"

"Don't — hurt any more than you
can help. Whatever you tell me,
don't say it in that voice you used
when you said it didn't mean much to
you after all to have me care if I was
such a coward."

"I don't want to hurt you; but I do
want to bring you to your senses — if
I can. " He stopped, as if seeking for
just the words he wished to use.
"I'm not a clever talker, and I feel
an awful lot, and between the two it's
hard for me to express myself."

"Do you mean you think I ought
to stop dancing, and playing cards
and all that, and go in for Red Cross
work and food conservation, and
Civic Reform?"

"Partly that, but not entirely. It
isn't all in what you do. Red Cross
work and Civic Reform are mighty
good things, but there's nothing wrong
— per se — in playing cards and danc-
ing, if you've got the time and
strength for them, after you've done
more important things — the way I
look at it anyway. It's the spirit —
and the vision — back of it all that
really counts."

"The spirit — and the vision?"
"Yes — the vision to discover not
only the right and the wrong, but the
essential and the non-essential; and
having been granted the vision, the
spirit to follow it faithfully — at all
costs."
"How?"

"I can't tell you that. Every
woman must decide that for herself.
I suppose sometimes it's making
bandages, and sometimes it's taking

212

The Granite Monthly

some fellow's job outright, and keep-
ing it for him while he goes to the
front, and sometimes it's giving up
dinner-parties so that you can send
food to France. Women can't all
work the same way, any more than
men can. Now you know that I can
tinker with any kind of a machine,
and I'm light and quick and strong;
I know a good deal about higher
mathematics and astronomy, which
I've been considering rather useless for
a long time, when suddenly I dis-
cover that I've all the qualifications
for an embryonic aviator! Whereas
Bill Smith, who weighs two hundred,
and doesn't know a triangle from the
dipper, or an automobile from a
locomotive, may in some other mighty
efficient way of his- own be exactly
what General Blank is looking for to
serve as a Non-Com. in the Heavy
Artillery."

Steven laughed a little, and then
sat quietly for a few minutes looking
off into space, as if dreaming that the
new work had already begun for him-
self—and Bill Smith of the Heavy
Artillery. Gloria waited. At last he
turned, his face shining with a radi-
ance which did not seem to come
wholly from the moonlight, but from
the clarity of such a vision as he had
tried to express to her.

"Excuse me, darling," he said, "I
was Somewhere in France for a
minute, I guess. I hadn't finished
what I was trying to say, though —
there's something else. Whatever
women do — and whatever they do
without — I think they ought someway
to make the men who've gone to fight
Jeel that they're trying to do their
share — taking their part of the work
and the pain and the sacrifice — and
not entirely for the sake of one man
whom they love, but for all of them — '-
every single man that's gone. Have
you read anything about the women
in France who are still safe — the work
they're doing? Why, there's nothing
— nothing — that seems too much, or
too hard! Don't you suppose that
our soldiers will do more, when they

know that their women are helping
like that? Have you read anything
about the women in Belgium — ^I
don't mean wild-cat reports, but
perfectly authentic accounts? Well,
our men are trying to save you — yes,
women just as rich and lovely and safe
as you, Gloria — from horrors like
that. "

"When you came into the room
tonight," he went on in a low voice,
"of course the only thing I could think
of at first was how beautiful you were,
and how glad I was to see you, and
how I hoped to get you — in my arms —
and — kiss you, all I wanted to, just
once more before I went away. And
then — a new feeling seemed to sweep
over me like a flame and drive out
everything else. I saw that your
dress wasn't useful, or warm, or — or
even modest, but just a glittering, al-
luring wisp of gauze; and that you
were coming to me, straight from
some man with whom you'd been
dancing — who'd had you in his arms^ —
some man who's probably just as
young and strong and able to fight
as those fellows over there in the
trenches; and when you spoke to me,
it was to jeer at me, and mock the way
I used to plead with you, and tell me
to go away and leave you to go back
and dance some more, dressed like
that, when I'd ridden a hundred and
fifty miles on the chance of seeing you,
and in the hope of asking you to
think — more gently of me before I
went away for good." His voice
sank almost to a whisper, "Oh,
Gloria, darling, please don't think I'm
venturing to preach, or even criticise,
I never did amount to much, and for a
little while — when you first threw me
over — I did things that were so weak —
and mean — and bad that I couldn't
tell you about them. I'd been pretty
straight, aS men go, until then; but
with the memory of that time in my
mind, still pretty fresh and bitter, I
know I'm not fit to consider myself
even half as worthy of you as I used
to be. But I couldn't help thinking
— if hundreds of others, already over

The Spirit and the Vision

213

there had seen you, just as I did,
woukhi't they have felt — just as I did
— that it wasn't worth-while to go
out and fight for women, if all they
were going to do in return was to stay
at home, and make themselves lovely
for the slackers!''

Steven sprang to his feet, and walk-
ing away, stood for a full minute with
his back towards Gloria, his shoulders
shaking. The radiance of the night
had dimmed a little; the moon had
gone under a cloud, and a slight chill
wind, foreboding rain, had sprung up.
The boy shivered. Then he set his
teeth, and turned again. Gloria was
standing beside him.

"Steven,'' she began, but he in-
terrupted her.

"That's why I wouldn't kiss you,
even when you gave me the chance
much sooner than I expected," he
said gently, "even when I found you
still cared, and had been suffering too;
I had to tell you all this first — and
ask you if you wouldn't give your own
self — the girl I told my mother about,
you know — a fair chance to do her
share. I'm sorry if I've hurt you —
I haven't meant to — have I'?"

She hesitated, but only for a
moment. Then, unasked, she slid her
hand into his.

"You've hurt me dreadfulh'," she
said, "but that doesn't matter — what
matters is that you've brought me out
here, and talked to me, and shown me
your whole soul — and my own. I've
been longing for you — all these two
long years — but I've been too proud
to send for you and tell you so, and
say that I was ashamed from the
bottom of my heart at the way I had
treated you and ask you to take me
back — and give me another chance to
show you how much I loved you.
When you came, I tried not to let you
see how glad I was — I didn't want to
throw myself into your arms before
you'd even asked me to — and then —
when I found you- were going to
France — that I'd got to lose j^ou right
straight off again — I felt, just for a
minute, as if I couldn't bear it.

But of course, now, I know I can. I
want you to go. Only before you do
— I must tell you — though I don't
know whether it means much to you
now — I've been silly and idle and
proud, but I've— never for one instant
forgotten — how much you meant to
me. Engaged! Oh, Steven, you
ought to have known better than that
without asking! I never cared for
anyone else, and I never shall — no
other man has ever touched me — my
darling, won't you kiss me now*^"

How long they stood there, his arms
around her, her wet cheek against his,
they never knew; and when at last
Steven raised his head again, he found
himself looking into such a new
strange beauty in the pale and tear-
stained face still raised to his, that he
was frightened.

"Gloria — dearest — I didn't mean
to let myself go," he said, "but — you
never kissed me — we never kissed each
other I mean — like that before, I
don't see now — how I can give you up.
You belong to me now, whatever hap-
pens. I've got to have you for my
very own. "

"Will you — take me?" she whis-
pered, "will 3^ou marry me — and take
me home with you? I know it's an
awful lot to ask of your mother to
share you with me, but somehow I
think she'll understand — and forgive
me. I don't think my father will
mind as much as you imagine — ^now —
but if he does — well, I was twenty-one
last week, and I've got a little money
of my own — enough to keep me from
being a burden to your family if you
shouldn't — I mean, until you come
back. I won't keep you from going on
Saturday — I want you to go — but be-
fore you do — "

"Gloria," began Steven huskily,
and stopped. "Gloria," he said
again, and again found that he could
not go on. "I — I — ^mustn't, " he
breathed at last, "I haven't any right
to. Aviation isn't as dangerous as
you imagine, and much less — less
dreadful than the trenches, but still
I'm — sure I'm never coming back — "

214

The Granite Monthly

"I know. I — feel that way, too.
And so — if I could be 3^ours — your
very own before you go — "

"All the rest of my life," she went
on, when he would let her speak
again, "I can remember that. I'll
feel so rich — and safe — and proud —
compared to all the other women
who's husbands are with them at
home. We may be mistaken — you
may come back safe and sound —

or perhaps I might — perhaps I
wouldn't be alone all the rest of
my life after all. But even if I am —
I'll exult, every time I think of you
because I've had so much more than
— ^those others. And after you've
gone — after Saturday — I can find my
work — whatever it is — and do it
well, because you've given me the
spirit — and the vision — for ever and
ever."

Newton, Mass.

THE SCHOOL CHILDREN

By Charles Nevers Holmes

They pass so blithely to and fro

On fair or stormy day
As to and from their school they go

Like lambkins full of play;
At morn, at noon, near shades of night,

Surcharged with roguish joys.
They pass my home — hearts always Hght-

O happy girls and boys!

I hear their merry laugh and shout,

Like mine long, long ago,
Restrained by neither fear nor doubt —

'Tis well they do not know;
I see their faces fresh and fair,

As fresh as once was mine,
Their mirthful eyes and curly hair.

But not a careworn line.

Unselfish, loving, good and free —

Ah, could they so remain
And never, never taste or see

Earth's cup of death and pain;
Oh, if this life would backward fly

And make us free as they.
Without one care, without one sigh,

A child just for todaj^!

OFFICIAL NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1919-1920

By Harlan C. Pearson

The Work of the Legislature

The New Hampshire General Court
of 1919 assembled on Wednesday,
January 1, at 11 o'clock in the fore-
noon, and was prorogued between
8.30 and 9 o'clock in the evening,
actual time, at 5 p. m., legislative
time, of Friday, ]\Iarch 28. Of these
87 days, 62 witnessed sessions of the
two bodies and business was trans-
acted on 38 of them.

The total number of measures orig-
inating in the Senate was 55; in the
House, 484. Of these 309 became
laws, 228 were killed in one branch or
the other of the Legislature, one was
vetoed by the governor and from one
in the last hours of the session he
withheld his approval.

Two members of the House, Brad-
ley Ford Parsons, of Ward Six, Roches-
ter, and Harry K. Young of Easton,
died before the assembling of the
Legislature. Charles W. Varney was
chosen in place of Mr. Parsons, but
no special election was held to fill the
vacancy caused by the death of Mr.
Young. During the session the
deaths occurred of Representatives
Ralph C. Gray of Ward Two, Ports-
mouth, and John H. Wesley of Ward
Five, Dover.

After considering the results of
inspections of votes, the House seated
on recommendation of its Committee
on Elections, George M. Randall of
Ward Two, Dover, and Delor L.
Floyd and Edward H. King of Clare-
mont, all Democrats.

According to the figures given in the
Official Manual of the General Court
the Senate was made up of 19 Repub-
licans and 5 Democrats; the House of
244 Repubhcans, 160 Democrats, 1
Independent Democrat and 1 Inde-
pendent; total, 406.

A valuable and informing feature of
the session was the number of addresses
made before the Legislature upon
subjects connected with its work, or in
which its members were much inter-
ested, by men ranking as authorities
in the different matters. Among
those whom the members were privi-
leged to hear in this way were General
Clarence R. Edwards, L". S. A., former
Governor Charles S. W^hitman of New
York City, Presidents Hopkins, of
Dartmouth, and Hetzel, of State
College ; Educational Commissioner
Hillegas, of Vermont ; Bishop Edward
M. Parker; Will M. Cressy, the actor
and overseas worker; Captain Arthur
J. Coyle, aviator; Major Frank Knox
of the A. E. F.; State Treasurer
Plummer, Chairman Lj^ord of the
bank commission, PubUc Service
Commissioner Worthen, State For-
ester Hirst, Rev. Lyman T. Powell of
New York, Rev. Manle}' B. Townsend
of the Audubon Society, Representa-
tive Ralph D. Paine, war correspond-
ent with the fighting fleets abroad,
Professor Lewis Johnson of Harvard,
authority on taxation, Doctors Dun-
can and Weaver of the state board of
health department, General Frank S.
Streeter, Commissioner Butterfield
of the department of public instruc-
tion, Secretaiy William J. Ahern of
the state board of charities, Commis-
sioner Felker of the department of
agriculture and others.

When the General Court of 1919
convened for the first time, each
branch was called to order by its
veteran clerk, Earle C. Gordon in the
Senate and Harrie M. Young, in the
House. The oath of office was admin-
istered by the acting governor, Judge
Jesse M. Barton of Newport, who, in

216 The Granite Monthly

The New Hampshire Legislature of 1919

DID

Increase the pay of jurors.

Endorse the League of Nations.

Increase the poll tax from $2 to $3.

Make the purple lilac the state flower.

Lengthen the open season for hunting deer.

Prevent automobiles from escaping taxation.

Punish more severely offenses against chastity.

Extend the scope of the law taxing inheritances.

Enact a new general law governing incorporations.

Prevent discrimination at places of public entertainment.

Legislate against "the overthrow of government by force."

Change the system of management of the state's institutions.

Require the weekly payment of wages by employers of labor.

Authorize cities and towns to own and operate street railways.

Authorize towns to create voting precincts within their boundaries.

Authorize the reorganization of the Boston & Maine Railroad system.

Raise the municipal debt limits of Manchester, Portsmouth and Berlin.

Give half a million dollars towards an interstate bridge at Portsmouth.

Ratify the prohibition amendment to the Constitution of the United
States.

Strengthen the law enforcement provisions of the state prohibitory
statute.

Create a military staff for the governor and continue the State
Guard organization.

Place the highway department under the more direct control of the
governor and council.

Regulate the sale of wood, and of air guns, the practice of chiropody
and the operation of jitneys.

Reorganize the public school system of the state on a basis of super-
vision and Americanization.

Recognize, financially and otherwise, the service of New Hampshire
men in the war with Germany.

Make increased appropriations for schools, the State College, highways,
agricultural work and health work.

Increase the salaries of the state treasurer, the adjutant-general, the
deputy state treasurer, the attorney-general, the assistant attor-
ney-general, the deputy secretary of state, the governor's
secretary, the fish and game commissioner, the commissioner of
motor vehicles, the deputy commissioner of agriculture, the admin-
istrator of the blue sky law.

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920 217

The New Hampshire Legislature of 1919

DIDN'T

License cats.

Place a bounty on crows.

Prohibit smoking in garages.

Increase the bounty on bears.

Increase the homestead right.

Repeal the direct primary law.

Require bonds of automobilists.

Lengthen the terms of selectmen.

Define the rights of labor unions.

Change the Sunday observance law.

Amend the employer's liability law.

Require a woman factory inspector.

Require uniformity in guide boards.

Investigate the fees of probate officers.

Allow the sale of beer, wine and cider.

Lengthen the legal size of brook trout. '

Advertise the state's vacation business.

Allow municipalities to engage in business.

Create additional state free employment offices.

Increase the salary of the insurance commissioner.

Provide for a new revision of the Public Statutes.

Erect new buildings at the various state institutions.

Establish a 48-hour-work week for women and children.

Provide for participation in the Pilgrim Tercentenary celebration.

Establish new normal schools at Manchester, Nashua and Whitefield.

Authorize municipalities to adopt the city manager form of gov-
ernment.

Give the governor and council more power over the fish and game and
forestry departments.

Instruct our L'nited States senators to vote to submit to the states a
suffrage amendment to the federal constitution.

Establish a state police force, a minimum wage commission, an indus-
trial welfare commission, a board of boiler rules.

Make our laws uniform with those of other states upon the subjects of
conditional sales, fraud, conveyances, warehouse receipts, stock
transfers, etc.

218 The Granite Monthly

the illness of Governor Henry W. the state to a uniform standard of

Keyes, came to discharge the chief excellence; retm-n to the executive

executive's duties by virtue of his department of various powers of which

office as president of the state Senate it had been shorn; the freeing of

of 1917. toll bridges; the Americanization of

Professor James A. Tufts of Exeter aliens; the abolition of the board of
was chosen as temporary presiding trustees of state institutions; giving
officer in the Senate and Marshall D. the governor and council more control
Cobleigh of Nashua, chairman of the over the highway department; estab-
House Republican caucus, in the lower lishing the executive budget system ;
body. Permanent organization was increasing the state's income by new
effected by the choice of the Republi- taxes on incomes, inheritances, corpo-
can nominees. Arthur P. Morrill of ration franchises and intangibles;
Concord, speaker of the House of suitable recognition of the work of
1917, was elected president of the our soldiers and sailors in the World
Senate, the vote being made unani- War; consolidating various state
mous on motion of his Democratic agencies of law enforcement; substi-
opponent. Senator Daniel J. Daley of tuting one man for three-men state
Berhn. For speaker of the House commissions; retaining the corpora-
Charles W. Tobey, Republican, of tion taxes in the state treasury; and
Temple had 239 votes and William the ratification of the prohibition
N. Rogers, Democrat, of Wakefield, amendment to the federal constitu-
135. tion.

Wednesday afternoon, a farewell The feature of the second week of

message sent to the Legislature by the session was the brilliant debate

Governor Henry W. Keyes from his upon woman's suffrage during a recess

sick bed at North Haverhill, was read of the House. Mrs. Carrie Chapman

to a joint convention of both'"branches Catt, Mrs. Mary I. Wood, Mrs. W. L.

by Secretary of State Edwin C. Bean. Shaw and Miss Doris Stevens spoke

In it the governor reviewed briefly the for suffrage; Mrs. A. T. Dudley,

work of his administration, with partic- Mrs. Lydia D. Jackson, Mrs. John

ular reference to New Hampshire's Balch and Miss Charlotte Rowe in

participation in the World War. opposition. The House then voted.

On Thursday at noon Governor 210 to 135, to request Senators Hollis

John H. Bartlett was inaugurated in and Moses to vote for submitting to

the presence of a brilliant company of the states an equal suffrage amend-

guests, in addition to the legislators ment to the federal constitution; but

to whom his message, of unusual during the following week the Senate

length and interest, was addressed, killed the concurrent resolution ta

After the exercises in Representatives' this effect by a vote of 15 to 6.

Hall the Governor and his party held During this week standing com-

a reception in the Council Chamber, mittees were appointed in both

at which the attendance was the branches and Rev. Harold H. Niles,.

largest in the history of similar occa- pastor of the White Memorial Univer-

sions. salist Church, Concord, was elected

The governor's inaugural message, chaplain of the Legislature,
occupying 90 minutes in its delivery, This week saw the first law of the
assumes particular importance as a session enacted, both branches pass-
state document because of the re- ing and the governor signing a bill
markable degree to which its recom- authorizing his appointment of a
mendations were enacted into law by personal military staff. The former
the Legislature. statute on this point had been put out

Among these recommendations of commission by the federalizing of

were the raising of all the schools in the National Guard.

Official New Hmnpshire, 1919-1920 219

The third week of the session wit- adopted of bringing in separate bills

nessed the ratification by the state of for the different departments so that

New Hampshire of the prohibition each could stand or fall on its own

amendment to the federal constitu- merit. Asit happened, they all stood,

tion by a vote of 222 to 121 in the but such might not always be the case.

House and 19 to 4 in the Senate. With the seventh week of the

Secretary of State Edwin C. Bean and session the period of debates began,

State Treasurer John Wesley Plum- oratory flowing freely in the House

mer were re-elected to those positions upon the subject of beer and light

without opposition. wines, against which the majority

In the fourth week of the session the pronounced, on this occasion and
time limit for the introduction of bills, again later in the session. A favor-
except by unanimous consent, or able committee report upon the bill
through committees, expired, with to license cats was overthrown by the
only 12 measures docketed in the House without the interesting discus-
Senate and 299 in the House. These sion which the topic was expected to
figures w^ere the smallest in many provoke.

years, and while they were almost During this week the oldest member

doubled before the end of the session, of the Legislature, Representative

still the final total was far below the George S. Peavey of Greenfield,

average for the past 20 j'ears. reached his 84th birthday and the

Not until this w^eek was the initial occasion was made much of in the

casualty of the session among the bills House.

reported, the first measure killed The eighth week was featured by

being an act to require the licensing of the biennial Governor's Ball, which

photographers. was the most largely attended in many

During the second month of the years. For the entertainment of

session its interest lay largely in the visitors to the Legislature in connec-

committee rooms where public hear- tion with this event a debate on the

ings were given upon all the bills and state flower bill w^as staged, which

in some cases the measures w^ere ably ended in the House voting for the

and amply debated by counsel and apple blossom. The Senate later

citizens seeking to influence the com- chose the purple aster. Then a

mittee recommendations. The Farm- committee of conference on the

ers' Council also held some interesting momentous topic was arranged and

meetings at which the State Master of in the closing hours of the session the

the Grange and other prominent purple lilac was agreed upon as a

agriculturists gave their views upon compromise.

pending legislation as affecting the The ninth week brought real progress

farmers of the state. in important legislation. The gover-

The passage of the Boston & Maine nor's bill to abolish the board of
reorganization bill was the event of trustees of state institutions, which
the fifth week of the session. The went through the House without
sixth week saw the appearance of the trouble, Avas fought bitterly in the
first of numerous budget bills, accom-' Senate, President Morrill leading the
panied by the first of several state- opposition, but finally passed the
ments as to probable increase in upper branch 15 to 7. The move-
expenditures from Chairman James ments of the House during this week
E. French of the Committee on Ap- were on decidedly different tangents,
propriations. At previous sessions one bill passed being a very liberal
there had been but one "budget bill," Sunday law and another a drastic
coming in very late in the session and stiffening of the state prohibitory
covering practically all the appropria- statute. Later the Senate passed the
tions, but this year the policy was liquor law, with a few amendments,

220

The Granite Monthly

but killed the Sunday bill. Three
other attempts were made to secure
some modification of the Lord's Day
"blue laws," but none was successful.
It was agreed, however, to give the
governor authority to appoint an ad
interim commission to consider the
subject and make recommendations
to the next Legislature.

The tenth week saw both branches
unite in the adoption of resolutions
expressing sympathy for L-eland in
her struggle for the right of self-deter-
mination.

The Senate passed another of the
governor's bills, in which the House
later concurred, giving the executive
department the final decision in mat-
ters of highway department policy.

As is usually the case, the legislative
week including Town Meeting Day
was only two days long and was ended
by the first and only adjournment of
the House for. the lack of a quorum
during this session of the General
Court. A number of appropriation
bills and labor bills were killed, the
latter causing lively debate.

The House began the twelfth week
of the session by voting to take final
adjournment March 28 and proceeded
to suit its deeds to its words by clearing
its table at a lively rate. The Ports-
mouth bridge bill, the soldiers' bounty
bill, the general fish and game bill
and the bill increasing the poll tax
rate were important measures sent
up to the higher branch during this
week.

Not until Wednesday of the final
week of the session did the Senate
decide as to the time of adjournment
and then the sentiment in regard to
the matter was so evenly divided that
President Morrill was obliged to break
a tie, which he did by casting his vote
in favor of a session of 13 weeks
instead of 14. Be it said to the credit
of the Senate that all its members,
whatever their wishes as to adjourn-
ment, worked like Trojans during the
last few days and gave careful and
sufficient consideration to all the

large number of measures that piled
up in front of them at the finish.

The friends of beer, wine and cider
fought in the House to the very
finish for a bill to allow the beverage
use of liquids containing not more
than 2 . 75 per cent of alcohol, which
was beaten only 179 to 161 on Tues-
day of the last week of the session. Its
advocates, encouraged by this show-
ing, returned to the charge on Wednes-
day, but a motion to reconsider the
action of Tuesday was beaten 180 to
139.

Governor Bartlett's one and onl}'
veto of the session was received in the
House on Wednesday and was directed
against a bill which had passed
both branches unanimously, reducing
the membership of the Portsmouth
school board from twelve to six. The
House voted 176 to 105, not quite the
necessary two thirds, to pass the bill
over the governor's veto.

Important bills coming from the
Senate and passed by the House in the
last hours of the session included an
act giving the state's law department
more power in the way of suppressing
Bolshevism should it make its appear-
ance in New Hampshire; requiring
permits for all parades and meetings
in the public streets; and exempting
from taxation registered sires of pure-
bred cattle.

An attempt in the Senate to raise
the soldiers' bounty from $30 to $50
per capita failed by a 17 to 5 vote on
roll-call.

Friday, the final day of the session,
had the usual windup features, a mock
session, presentations of gifts, etc.,
and some new ones as well. Will M.
Cressy, just back from overseas, gave
a splendid address on the work of our
soldiers, after which Speaker Tobey
led the singing of "America" and the
members joined with Chaplain Harold
H. Niles in the Lord's Prayer.

Governor Bartlett made the follow-
ing farewell address in proroguing
the General Court:

' ' The New Hampshire General Court
of 1919 has presented to me for my

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

221

consideration 256 bills and 55 joint
resolutions, all of which I have signed,
with the exception of two, one, House
Bill No. 309, which I vetoed and which
failed to pass over said veto, and the
other, Senate Bill No. 23, from which
I have withheld my approval.

"This has been a legislature which
faced an unusual situation and extra-
ordinary circumstances. For this rea-
son, I am presuming that you would
desire me to review moi-e extensively
than otherwise the financial record of
this legislature.

"The legislature of 1917 appropri-
ated for its two fiscal years sums of
money which required a regular tax of
$800,000 each year in addition to a
special Mexican War soldier tax.

"This legislature has appropriated
sums of monev which require a state
tax of $1,800,000 for our first fiscal
year and $1,500,000 for our second
fiscal year, or an average of $1,650,000
for each year. Expressed in different
form, this legislature has appropriated
sums of money which require a state
tax for the first year of $1,000,000 and
for the second year of $700,000 in
excess of the state tax of the preceding
legislature. In other words, we have
to account for the appropriation of
about $1,700,000 for our two fiscal
j'ears in excess of the appropriation
of the two fiscal 3'ears last past.

" How do we account for this excess
of $1,700,000 for the next two fiscal
years over the past two fiscal years?
In other words, what will the people
of the state get in return for this excess
in the state tax over two years ago,
and what conditions have made this
increase necessary?

" The first item with which we were
faced was an item of $365,000 to meet
a necessary deficiency which we inher-
ited from the last administration or
administrations, and which arose
because of unexpected war conditions,
which could not be foreseen when the
state tax was assessed by our immedi-
ate predecessors.

"The next item (in bulk) which I
call to your attention is $616,000,

which this legislature has appropriated
to the general cause of education,
including the Agricultural College^
in excess of what was appropriated by
the last Legislature. This sum di-
vides itself naturally into three parts
as follows: $107,000 would have been
required by the Educational Depart-
ment if the so-called Americanization
Bill had not passed. That is, by its
regular budget the educational depart-
ment would have required $107,000 of
this Legislature more than it required
of the last Legislature. The passage
of the Americanization Bill, however,
called for $334,000 additional for the
two years combined. Again, the
conditions at Durham, created largely
by the war, called for an additional
appropriation, all things included, of
$175,000. Every item of this appro-
priation for the college was gone over
very carefully by the entire Legisla-
ture and everything was cut as much
as possible. The state will, however,
acquire valuable additional property
through this appropriation.

' 'Again, for the two years combined,,
the highway appropriations will
amount to $475,000 more than two
years ago. This, however, reckons
the increase in automobile fees over
the sum at which it was reckoned
two years ago. It also reckons an
additional appropriation of $100,000
which qualifies us, with our other
appropriations, to receive from the
federal government nearly $800,000.
This extraordinary sum which we are
to receive from the federal govern-
ment we could not afford to lose by
failure to meet the necessary condi-
tions imposed by the federal govern-
ment. In fact, the state is extremely
fortunate in being able to thus aug-
ment its available highway funds.

"Again, the agricultural department
wall receive at the hands of this
Legislature about $60,000 more than
from the last. This is to make possi-
ble the work which was recommended
by a committee of our leading agricul-
turists, in whom I have great confi-
dence.

222

The Granite Monthly

"We have appropriated for soldiers
$26,500 more than two years ago, but
this does not include the soldiers'
bonus which I will mention later.

"The additional expense of collect-
ing the new inheritance tax we
estimate at $24,800.

"The increase in salaries is $14,000.

"We have appropriated $18,000 to
pay an old debt at Durham which has
been running for years in order to
clean up and start square.

"We have appropriated $10,000
extra for dependent mothers.

"We have appropriated $10,000 for
a constitutional convention.

"We have appropriated $10,000
extra to help check the spread of
tuberculosis or consumption.

"We have appropriated about
$5,000 for the check of a serious dis-
ease.

"This Legislature was called upon
to meet interest on war bonds, so that
our extra interest charges were $66,-
000 more than two years ago.

' ' The foregoing items are sum-
marized as follows:

To cover deficiency $365,000

Education and agricultural

college 616,000

State highways 475,000

Agricultural department . 60,000

For soldiers (not soldiers'

bonus) 26,500

Expense of new inherit-
ance tax law 24,800

Increase in salaries 14,000

Old debt at Durham. . . . 18,000

Dependent mothers 10,000

Constitutional convention 10,000

Tuberculosis 10,000

Check of special disease . . 5,000

Interest on war bonds .... 66,000

Total $1,700,300

"You will bear in mind that I am
giving only a birdseye view of the
situation, so that you can tell, gener-
ally, how we stand, and I am speaking
in terms of two years combined and
not of one year singly.

" You will see that quite a consider-
able sum is appropriated in order that

we may clean up old matters and
start square with a view of running
the state on the policy of 'pay-as-you-
go.'

"There remains about $190,000 of
the half-million bond issue which is
still in the treasury unexpended and
unappropriated. A little more of this
will be used in winding up the business
of that appropriation, and it is under-
stood that $30,000 of it shall be used
to pay the United States government
for the buildings at Durham. The
rest of it will remain in the treasury as
cash.

"Now, on the other hand, this
Legislature has opened up new sources
of revenue, for which, in dollars and
cents, we shall not get the full credit.
The extension of the inheritance tax
law which has been passed by this
Legislature will produce, in my judg-
ment, over $400,000 annually, or
$800,000 for two years after it has had
time to get under full swing. In
making our state tax, however, we
have been ultra-conservative in figur-
ing only $100,000 from this source
annually. My personal belief is that
before the fiscal period ends for which
we are legislating, this new law will
produce an average of $200,000 in-
stead of $100,000 as reckoned.

"We have also enacted a modern,
sound, and honest, corporation law,
which is a distinct asset to the state
and which will produce some money,
but we have made no account of this
in reckoning our state tax. We have
figured on a sure basis.

"When cost conditions get normal
again, and when the revenue bills
which we have enacted get into a
maximum operation, the state tax can
again approach more nearly what it
was before the war, unless we take on
additional duties of expenditure.

"The people demand new things
and are willing to pay for them pro-
vided they get value received for their
money.

"We have left undisturbed the law
by which the state collects each year
over a million dollars in taxes from

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

223

corporations, banks, insurance com-
panies, etc., and then returns this
nione}' to certain cities and towns in
accordance with existing law. While
this money is paid into the state
treasury as taxes, it does not go to
the use of the state in am' form. I
do not believe in this law on account
of the injustices and inequalities in
connection with its return to the cities
and towns. Some day this will be
changed, but it did not seem to be a
thing which we could fight out in this
session.

"We have added a half million to
our state bonded indebtedness in
order to take a long step toward
emancipating the highway system of
the state from the payment of tolls.
This had become an imperative prop-
osition. Civilization is not a success
when private corporations own its
highways. By this bridge law, we
raise our l)onded indebtedness from
about $1,500,000 to about $2,000,000.
This is not disturbing. After the
Civil War we had a bonded indebted-
ness of over $3,000,000, and our prop-
erty at that time was only about one
third the value of our property at the
present time. Our state is more con-
servatively bonded, I believe, than
most any state in the Union. It is
conspicuous in its conservative finan-
cial strength, and for this, much credit
nuist be given to those who in the
past and the present have stood firm
against extravagance.

" We have appropriated about $600,-
000 as a kind of a thank-offering to
those gallant boys who risked all to
preserve our civilization. It was in
no sense as a payment, but merely an
'appreciation.' We can never repay
them. This money is to be raised by
a special tax, and I believe this is well,
because it Avill remind every person in

the state that he is contributing. He
should do it cheerfully. The country
should do more. We are bound to do
more as we can. Those who actually
suffered for us shall never suffer for
money.

"I believe the people of our state
will surely justify the acts of this
Legislature with reference to financial
matters. Nothing has been appro-
priated which can be called extrava-
gance. Many meritorious proposals
have been denied. The new steps
which we have caused the state to
take, involving expenditures, have, in
my opinion, been veritably demanded
by the duties and needs of this recon-
struction period and in order that the
affairs of the state may be safely and
prosperously administered.

"I am profoundly grateful for your
sympathetic cooperation with me in
the solution of the problems of this
Legislature. I thank each one of you
personally for the spirit of kindness
and cordiality which has uniformly
marked your criticism and business
association. During the remainder
of my life, I shall regard as partic-
ular and special friends, you men
who have thus been associated with
me in the service of the state. I
trust that our united influence in the
future may be conducive of higher
levels of citizenship in our state.

"Having been informed by the joint
committee of the Senate and House of
Representatives that you have com-
pleted the business of the session and
are ready to adjourn, I do, by the
authority vested in me as governor,
hereb}' declare the General Court of
New Hampshire adjourned to the last
Wednesday in December in the year
of our Lord one thousand nine hun-
dred and twentv."

224

The Granite Monthly

Hon. William F. Sullivan

Hon. William F. Sullivan of Nashua, mem-
ber of the New Hampshire state Senate of
1919 from the Thirteenth District, was one of
the influential members of that body, al-
though one of the minority as a Democrat in
politics. In the primary, however, he was
the regularly nominated candidate of both
the Democrats and the Republicans of his
district and he represented both parties ac-
ceptably in the upper branch of the Legisla-
ture. His principal speech of the session was

made in connection with a bill which had"
passed the House of Representatives, abol-
ishing the police commission of the city of
Nashua and sul)stituting for it one police
commissioner. This measure Senator Sulli-
van opposed in the upper branch in detail and
with great vigor, the result being that it was
killed by a vote of 22 to 2. Senator Sullivan
was born in Lowell, Mass., in 1869. He is
the superintendent of the Pennichuck Water
Works at Nashua and a well-known engineer.

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

225

One of the most popular members of the
^'ew Hampshire state Senate of 1919 and one
whose record on roll-calls and in debate
showed him to be imbued with independence
in action, yet consistency of principle, was

other public offices. Mr. James was born in
Northwood March 19, 1868, and was edu-
cated at Coe's Academy and at New Hamp-
shire College, graduating from the latter in-
stitution in the class of 1893. Mr. James is

Hon. Aivah T. Ramsdell

Representative Orrin M. James

Hon. Alvah T. Ramsdell, Republican, of the
Twenty-first District. Senator Ramsdell
was born in York, Maine, April 15, 1852, and
was the oldest member of the present Senate,
although that fact was a hard one for his fel-
low-members and for visitors to the Senate
Chamber to believe. Senator Ramsdell has
been the leading architect of the city of
Dover for many years and likewise has been
a leader in its public affairs, serving in the
city government and in the House of Repre-
sentatives, prior to his promotion to the upper
branch of the General Court. As chairman of
the Senate Committee on Military Affairs he
piloted through to the governor some of the
more important legislation of the session.

Representative Orrin M. James of North-
wood, Democrat, was assigned to no less than
three important committees, Agricultural
College, Banks and Elections, at the recent
session of the Legislature, a distinction to
which he was well entitled by reason of his
intelligent and constant devotion to dutv in

a well-known engineer, of long service at the
head of one of the divisions of the State High-
way Department, and was the representative
of New Hampshire at the most recent per-
ambulation of the boundary line between this
state and Massachusetts. He has held vari-
ous town positions of trust and is a Mason,
Odd Fellow, Patron of Husbandry and a
Baptist.

By virtue of his nomination as the Demo-
cratic candidate for Speaker of the House of
Representatives William N. Rogers of Wake-
field became the floor leader of his party,
probably the youngest man ever to receive
that honor in New Hampshire and certainly
one of the most eloquent and efficient. Born
at Sanbornville, January 10, 1892, Mr. Rog-
ers was educated at Dartmouth College and
the University of Maine law school and is a
member of the New Hampshire bar. Elected
to the Legislature of 1917, Mr. Rogers made
a reputation there as an orator, a thinker and
a hard fighter in support of his convictions.
In 1918 he was nominated for Congress in the

226

The Granite Monthly

First New Hampshire District and made a
splendid run, the pluraUty of his opponent,
Congressman Sherman E. Burroughs, being
but 1,536. Re-elected to the House of 1919,

in it. Rev. Mr. Blue is a Congregationalist
clergyman, a graduate of Williams College
and the Andover Theological Seminary, and
one who does his part to make the church

Representative Williain N. Rogers

Rev. James McD. Blue

he rendered valuable service, as before, on
the Judiciary Committee, and won new
friends and admirers by the consistent cour-
age of his course and the eloquence and logic
of his speeches.

a living factor in state progress and good
citizenship.

Rev. James McD. Blue of North Conway,
Republican, chairman of the Committee on
National Affairs in the House of Representa-
tives of 1919, took his cue from that import-
ant appointment, and while he was constant
in attendance and conscientious in his every
vote, he took the floor in debate only upon
outstanding questions. One of his notable
speeches was in favor of New Hampshire
participation in the Pilgrim tercentenary cele-
bration, for which his committee had rec-
ommended an appropriation, and while the
bill failed, as did many other worthy projects,
because of financial conditions, Mr. Blue's
remarks demonstrated to all his hearers the
importance of the object sought and the de-
gree of interest New Hampshire ought to feel

Representative Benjamin W. Couch, Re-
publican, of Ward Five, Concord, is the
youngest of New Hampshire's legislative vet-
erans; that is to say, no other man of his age
has served so prominently for so many years
in the state House of Representatives. Born
in Concord, August 19, 1873, he has been
continuously a member of the House since
1911, and for four sessions was chairman of
the Judiciary Committee. Educated at Dart-
mouth College and the Harvard Law School
Mr. Couch has practised his profession in
Concord since his admission to the bar. He
has been police court justice, trustee of the
state hospital, president of the Concord city
council, police commissioner, member of the
state board of control and chairman of the
board of trustees of state institutions; and is
a director of the Mechanicks National Bank,
trustee of the Merrimack County Savings

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

227

Representative Benjamin W. Couch

Bank, director of the New Hampshire Spin-
ning; Mills, clerk of the Concord & Montreal
Railroad, etc.

Representative Ernest Charles Wescott,
Republican, of Ward Two, Rochester, was a
member at the session of 1919 of the import-
ant committee on Ways and Means, as well

as of that on State Prison. Born at Blue
Hill, Maine, September 24, 1866, Mr. Wes-
cott was educated at the academy there and
then entered mercantile life, in which he has
achieved much success. He is a leading dry
goods merchant of his city and has served as
director and publicity manager of the Roch-
ester Chamber of Commerce. He was an
active war worker and chairman of the Red
Cross membership committee for his city.
Representative Wescott has received double
political honors from his constituents in a
short period of time, being a delegate to the
Constitutional Convention of 1918 as well a
member of the General Court of 1919. He is
a member of the various Masonic bodies,
lodge, chapter, council and commandery.

Representative Roy E. Marston, Republi-
can, of Ward Six, Concord, not only acted
ably in the interests of his constituents dur-
ing his term of service, but also represented on
the floor of the House the National Rifle
Association of America, of which he is a mem-
ber, and the New Hampshire Rifle Association
of which he is treasurer. In the room of
the Committee on Fisheries and Game, to

Representative Ernest Charles Wescott

Representative Roy E. Marston

which he was appointed by the Speaker, and
in open debate of the whole House, Mr. Mars-
ton was a valiant champion of those who love
the open air and its sports. Mr. Marston
was born in Deerfield, September 3, 1881.
He conducts a brick manufactory and farm;
is a Mason, lodge, chapter and council, and a
Free Baptist; is married and has one daughter.

228

The Granite Monthly

The condition of the state treasury, with
the demands to be made upon it, caused the
importance of the Appropriations Com-
mittee of the House of Representatives to be
recognized more generally at the session of

defeated by him without making a speech
but simply by making the right motions at
the right time. Mr. Lewis was born in New-
port, April 14, 1861 ; is a graduate of the New-
port high school; treasurer of the Newport

Representative James H. Hunt

1919 than ever before. Especial care was
taken in the choice of able, competent and
courageous men for service upon it. As the
representative of Nashua, the Second City of
the state. Captain James H. Hunt was picked,
and his service was as faithful and valuable
as it was expected it would be. Captain
Hunt was born in Stoddard, November 25,
1841 fought in the Civil War; and since its
conclusion has been engaged in business at
Nashua, also holding office for the last 32
years as assistant city marshal, deputy sheriff
and county commissioner. Captain Hunt is
a Mason of high degree and a member of the
Grand Army of the Republic and the Loyal
Legion. At the 1919 encampment of the
New Hampshire Department, G. A. R., he
was chosen junior vice commander.

Representative George E. Lewis, Republi-
can, of Newport, although a new member,
was assigned to the important Judiciary
Committee, where he rendered faithful and
valuable service. That he was an apt stu-
dent in the legislative school is shown by the
fact that the much talked of bill to require
the licensing of cats, favorably reported from
the Committee on Fisheries and Game, was

Representative George E. Lewis

Savings Bank for 28 years; married; Mason,
Knight Templar and Odd Fellow, past rep-
resentative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge
and trustee of the Odd Fellows' Home; mem-
ber of the school board 13 years, moderator,
town treasurer, school district treasurer, chief
of the fire department; president and treas-
urer of the Newport Electric Company.

While Dr. Charles B. Drake of West Leb-
anon was one of the experienced members of
the House of Representatives of 1919 and
rendered valuable service as a member of
the Committee on Public Health, he was best
known to his fellow-members as the victorious
champion of the purple lilac as the state
flower. One of the first bills to be intro-
duced came from him with this purpose, but
it was not until almost the end of the session
that he won his desire. Doctor Drake was
born at St. Johnsbury, Vt., August 19, 1848,
and studied at the Medical School of Dart-
mouth College. He is a member of county,
state and national medical associations and
of the Masons, Odd Fellows and Grange.
As far back as 1883 he was a member of the
Legislature and was a delegate to the Con-
stitutional Convention of 1909. He has

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

229

Representative Dr. Charles B. Drake

served his town as selectman and as a mem-
ber of the boards of health and of education.

When Representative Fred O. Smalley of
Walpole was taken ill toward the close of the
session and was unable to be present, the

high esteem with which his fellow-members
regarded him was shown by their unanimous
vote, instructing the clerk of the House to
send Mr. .Smalley flowers and a message of
sympathy. Born in Rockingham, Vt., De-
cember 9, 1857, Mr. Smalley is by occupation
a farmer and was assigned by Speaker Tobey
to service on the standing Committee on
Agriculture. Mr. Smalley has served two
terms on the board of selectmen of his town.
He belongs to the Odd Fellows and Patrons
of Husbandry and is a Uniyersalist in re-
ligious belief. He is married and has two
children.

Representative Arthur E. Davis, Demo-
crat, of Sutton, was one of the members of
the House of Representatives of 1917 re-
elected to the Legislature of 1919, an honor
which he deserved by his faithful service at
the former session and for which he showed
appreciation by his work this year, both as
a member of the standing Committee on
Liquor Laws and as a constant attendant
upon the meetings of the House, whose

Representative Fred O. Smalley

Representative Arthur E. Davis

work he watcherl carefully from a favorable
seat just in front of the Sjjeaker. Mr. Davis
was born in Sutton, September 30, 1884, and
educated there. He is a farmer and lumber-
man and is especially interested in cattle and
sheep raising. He is a member of the Patrons
of Husbandry, attends the Baptist church, is
married, and has a daughter and two sons.
He is one of the diligent and thoughtful type
of legislators whose value to the state is
great.

230

The Granite Monthly

Representative Bartholomew F. McHugh

Representative Bartholomew F. McHugh,
Democrat, of Gorham, during his two terms
in the Legislature has so won the esteem of
his colleagues and of the public, that universal
praise has been bestowed upon his appoint-
ment by Gov. John H. Bartlett as one of
the new board of trustees of the state prison.
Born and educated in Gorham, Mr. McHugh
in early life studied law, but felt the call of a
business career and for many years has been
one of the best known and most successful
traveling salesmen in New England. Enter-
ing politics for the first time through his elec-

tion to the House of Representatives of 1917
he made a reputation in that body as a work-
ing member of sound ideas and pleasant ways.
Returned by his constituents for a second
term he continued his good work, making
occasional effective speeches, watching closely
the progress of business and guarding care-
fully the interests of his constituents. Mr.
McHugh 's war activities took the principal
form of endeavors for the Liberty Loans in
which he made a splendid and appreciated
record.

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

231

Representative William J. Ahern

Representative William J. Ahern, Demo-
crat of Ward Nine, Concord, participating in
his 12th session of the House of Representa-
tives, acted in his customary capacity as
lubricator of the wheels of the official ma-
chinery and for his work at that post de-
seives much of the credit given to this Gen-
eral Court for its comparatively short session
and expeditious transaction of important
business. Mr. Ahern was born in Concord,
May 19, 1855, for many years was engaged in

the clothing business, but has been the secre-
tary' of the state board of charities and cor-
rection since that office was established. In
addition to his state house duties he has been
commissioner, deputy sheriff and jailer of
Merrimack county. No man in the political
history- of the state has done more favors for
legislators, members of both parties, and
thereby won more friends than has Mr.
Ahern.

232

The Granite Monthly

Representative John H. Graff, Republican,
of Ward 3, Berlin, was one of the interesting
men of the 1919 Legislature. At our request
he has furnished us with this brief autobio-
graphical sketch:

"I was born in Norway on the thirteenth
day of May, 1877, in a place called Eidskogen,
very close to the boundary of Sweden.

"My ancestry on my father's side which
was a mixture of Danish, German, French
and RiLssian blood, came to Norway in 1809.

Representative John H. Graflf

My great-grandfather, by a decree of the
King of Denmark at that time, was appointed
the first forester in Norway.

"My mother's ancestry, however, was pure
old Norwegian stock with an identical record
of direct lineage from the year 800.

"Father, who graduated with degrees of
Master of Arts and Bachelor of Theology,
was originally prepared for the ministry of
the Lutheran Church, but shortly after his
marriage he went to America as a newspaper
correspondent, and five years later returned
to Norway where he has since been engaged
as an import agent of the Scandinavian
countries.

"My mother who died when I was still
very young, was one of the first, if not the
first woman in Scandinavia to graduate as a
doctor of dentistry, which profession she
practiced in the city of Christiania prior to
her death.

"Although my educational opportunities
were not restricted, in my boyhood I had no
particular liking for books, I personally do

not know how I ever graduated with the
opportunity to enter the university if I so had
chosen. At the age of si.xteen, I enlisted for
a one-year forestry course, from which I
graduated the following year. In my
eighteenth year I entered the government's
free school of military engineering, from which
I graduated, August, 1899.

"Shortly after, I went to Germany where
for three years I was employed as a draftsman,
besides continuing my studies in the voca-
tional schools. After three years of con-
tinuous attempt to live two days in every
twenty-four hours, I had a complete nervous
breakdown, forcing me not only to discon-
tinue my studies, but to give up my work,
whereafter, in the year 1904, during the
attempt to regain health and control of myself,
I decided to emigrate to America, where I
for six years in New York, had the same
experiences as probably many other emigrants
have had, before I was able to lay any definite,
constructive plan for progress and existence.
During this period, I also met my present
wife who also was a Norwegian, and had
arrived in this country shortly before me.
We were married in 1906, and the year after,
we became the parents of a boy, who at
present is the only addition to our family.

"In February, 1910, I had the opportunity
to be offered a position with one of the owners
of the Brown Company in Berlin, and have
lived in New Hampshire ever since. After
my two first years of general utility work,
I was transferred to the drafting department
from which, I with the assistance and good
will of the company, was enabled to develop
the use of scientific photography in industry,
which gradually developed into a separate
department which now is considered a neces-
.sary section of the research department.

"Although a Lutheran by birth, I never
had any natural inclination for Orthodox
teachings, but am of nature, very religious
but opposed to all forms of sectarianism.
The trend of my thinking probably can be
understood best by reading my favorite
authors, Tagore, Welsh, Churchill and Ibsen.
Am a strong believer in cooperation and unity
of effort, and am a member of the Photo-
graphers' Association of America, New
England Photographers' Association, Profes-
sional Society of Photographers of New
Hampshire, Technical Association of the
Pulp and Paper Industry, Masonic Order,
Y. M. C. A., and the local Scandinavian Sick
Benefit Society.

"Having been brought up in a family very
active in politics, I have had political interest
from as far back as I can remember. My
earliest tendency was very radical, but always
opposed to what we in a general way under-
stand by Socialism. In later years, however,
I have become more and more conservative.
My greatest ideal of an American is the late
Colonel Theodore Roosevelt. My political

Official New Hampshire, 1919-1920

233

belief is in the ReiMililican F:irty under a
Progresisive leadership.

"My first official experience in polities was
when i entered as a candidate for membership
of the present Legislature, and lucky enough
to poll the necessary votes, I had, what I
considered, not only the honor, but the
fortune, to be elected, and by the Speaker
was appointed as a member of "the Committee
on Education and a member of the Committee
on Labor, of which later, I had the pleasure
to be elected clerk. I will always consider my
experience in this 1919 Legislature of New
Hampshire as one of the most valuable in my

life, and if I should not have done full justice
as a representative, I know at least that 1
have learned the difiference between oratory,
hot air and convincing arguments, and that
the other fellow is just as much entitled to
consideration as I am. I believe that my
experience as a representative will make me
better fitted and etjuipped as a good citizen,
and hope some day, po.ssibly to earn the con-
fidence of the voters of the First Senatorial
District of the State of New Hampshire, and
thereby also have the experience of being
state senator from the district in which I
belong. "

THE LILACS BY THE DOOR

By Harriet Barton
(The Xew Hampshire Legislature of- 1919 chose the purple lilac as the state flower.)

Some lilacs quaint I chanced to see in a crowded cit}^ street,
Across the sultry air they sent a fragrance strangely sweet,
It seemed that I was there alone, for mem'ries blest they bore —
The dear old home of long ago — with the lilacs by the door.

As vesper bells that softly call bring peace to a restless heart
Those blossoms quaint a message held while standing there apart.
The burdened j-ears had slipped away, I saw her as before —
j\Iy mother — waiting at the home with the Hlacs by the door.

There, far from the world's mad din and strife the birds sang blithe and gay,
There humble tasks in simple faith made up each gladsome day,
There Sabbath days, so holy, we sang of the Golden Shore,
The home of hallowed memories with the lilacs by the door.

I stood again by the noisy brook that sang the woodland through,
I heard the robin calling from the garden wet with dew.
The cows were lowing at the bars, the summer's day was o'er —
Fond mem'ries of a peaceful home with the lilacs by the door.

Through the vista of the bygone years again I saw them all,

Familiar faces of the past, loved voices seemed to call,

And rose-tints came where skies were gray while drifting back once more

Through mist\' 3'ears to the old home with the lilacs by the door.

The home-folks now are scattered far; to some came joy and gain,
To some the Avorld's corroding care, with bitter loss and pain.
But mem'ry's gem of purest ray I'll treasure evermore —
The dear old home of long ago with the lilacs by the door.

THROUGH THE YEAR IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

By Rev. Roland D. Sawyer

No. 3

The Month of May

"To the month of Mary:
Welcome, O May, we greet thee:
We praise thee as the month of the Holy

Mother,
O joyous month and stainless."

—Alfonso the Wise, 1221 A. D.

The month of May ushers us into
the six open-air months which the
rugged chmate of New Hampshire
gives us. The colonial residents of
the state fixed upon the six months
between May 20 and October 20 as
the open-air months in New Hamp-
shire, and their judgment meets ap-
proval in all New England; for on
May 20 the New England farmer
turns out his stock, and on October 20
the pasturing season closes.

The Cowslip Season

" 'Tis Flowery May, who from her green lap
throws
The yellow cowslip and pale primrose."

So sang Milton in his tribute to May
in England. And indeed it is quite
true that while American writers have
paid their tribute to June, among the
British writers the tributes go to May.
I suppose this is because their season
is a httle less rugged than ours, and
that May is more hke our June. But
with us as with them, there comes in
the early days the season of the cow-
slip. Gold seems Nature's favorite
color for the open-air months; she be-
gins now with the cowslip, then come
the dandelions, buttercups, daisies,
and finally the season ends in the
goldenrod and ripened golden leaves
of the trees. In addition to the yellow
of these common flowers by every
roadside there are also a host of less
common, such as water-lilies, sorrel,
mullein, butter and eggs, yellow star-
grass and the sunflower. The cow-
slip is thus the forerunner of the sum-
mer's gold. Many writers have paid
their tribute to the modest cowslip
and it is said to have been Shake-
speare's favorite flower. But apart

from its beauty and prophetic place
in Nature-life, we here in New Hamp-
shire find its utilitarian side ; its tender
leaves make the best dish of greens
that ever appears on the table of man,
and the olden traditions testify to its
medicinal value as well. My old-
time friend. Col. Jerry Poor, used to
say he must eat two bushels each
spring as spring medicine.

Mid-May Days

Mid-May is the season of the begin-
ning of the fulfilment of promise. The
orchards begin to show forth their
blossoms, the showers come that leave
everything so green and clean, and we
see that the Scripture promise of
seedtime and harvest will again be
fulfilled.

What splendid weeks are those
which come in the second part of May,
the beauty of Apple-Blossom Time,
the springing forth of the splendor
and fragrance of that greatest of all
homestead adornments, the purple
lilac. Whitman painted for us a
deathless picture of "The old home-
stead with its lilac bush of heart-
shaped leaves, and beautiful fragrant
flower." New Hampshire was most
happy in choosing the purple lilac for
its state flower at the recent session.
Apple-blossoms, lilacs, the green val-
leys, and the cows and young stock
that appear on the hillsides, what a
wealth of satisfaction these bring to
us in New Hampshire in the closing
days of May. To love these green
trees, fields, these flowers, to feel the
beauty of it all, is to feel God's emo-
tions after him, and is to know how
God must feel as he looks out over his
creation and calls it ''good." People
in our cities know nothing of it all
save a bunch of Mayflowers they may
buy at a street corner, but all the gold
and greenbacks that the city can give
are poor compensation for giving up
the joys of life in the rural parts of
New Hampshire in the closing days of
May.

EDITORIAL

Occasionally, in baseball or some
other athletic endeavor, a man so dis-
tinguishes himself by some exploit
supposed to be beyond his ability to
accomplish, that the critical spectator
renders the verdict, "He played better
than he knew how." The same
thought comes to us in connection
with the work of the New Hampshire
General Court of 1919. The session
occupied less time than any other
since 1905. Fewer debates and roll-
calls were recorded. Partisan politics
did not make their appearance until
the very close of the proceedings. As
is quite often the case, it was not the
most important questions which re-
ceived the most attention and were
discussed the most thoroughly. To
the greatest extent which we remem-
ber, this Legislature was ready to
accept the say-so of outsiders upon
the merits of measures whose fate it
had to decide. The executive depart-
ment had a more definite program to
recommend to the legislative depart-
ment and pressed it with more insist-
ence than usually is the case. To a
greater extent than is customary, im-
portant laws were made to order
outside of the legislative halls and
committee rooms and received surpris-
ingly little revision during the progress
from introduction to engrossment.
The members of the General Court
seemed to remember and to accept
the dictum of their nursery days:

"Open your mouth
And shut 3'our eyes.
And we'll give you something
To make you wise."
It is for these reasons we say that
the General Court of 1919 accom-
phshed more than it knew it was ac-
comphshing and more than it knows
now, more than most people know
now, that it accomplished. We do
not say that the awakening, when it
comes, will be an unpleasant one, but
it will cause some eyes to open widely.

The "school" bill, the "rum" bill and
the "force" bill, so-called, all worthy
measures, contain provisions so dras-
tic that their comparativeh" easy
progress to enactment was the wonder
of those who watched the work of the
Legislature. It is good to be able to
say that few successful measures, and
those of minor importance, were re-
actionary in their nature. Most of
the new legislation was progressive,
some of it was radical and some of it
was sociahstic, using all of these ad-
jectives in their "good" sense, to a
surprising degree. If it is adminis-
tered wisely, its results, on the whole,
should be for the benefit of the state.
This applies, also, to the greatly, but
not extravagantly, increased appro-
priations. In the case of the schools,
the highway's, the state's wards, it was
necessary that we should continue
progress and pay the big bills there-
for, or lose ground, miss opportunities
and negative much good work already
accomplished . The former course was
chosen, and wisely.

A danger attending too complaisant
legislation was illustrated in the mat-
ter of the law concerning the subject
of an executive budget, remarked
upon more than once in these pages
and recommended in the inaugural
messages of Governors Spaulding,
Keyes and Bartlett. A bill embody-
ing many, though not all, of the good
features of the executive budget sys-
tem, was introduced into the Legisla-
ture late in the session. It came from
committee with favorable report and
undoubtedly would have passed the
House, at least, the body in which it
originated, without opposition. But
the chairman of the committee, saying
that he had heard of opposition to
some of its features, had the bill
recommitted. It came back into the
House during the final week of the
session and was hurried through to
enactment withoiit being printed in

236

The Granite Monthly

its new form. In that form it does
not add one jot or tittle to the law on
the subject which has been on the
statute books since 1909. Its enact-
ment is simply a waste of time,
money and space in the law books and
is an insult to the intelligence of the
state's citizenship. In 1921, let us
hope, a real budget law may result
from this fiasco.

Under the pressure of public opin-
ion and in accordance with the advice
of experts whose advice he secured,
Governor Bartlett modified consider-
ably his ideas in regard to the direct
management of state affairs by the
executive department upon which edi-
torial comment was made in the Feb-
ruary issue of the Granite Monthly.
We cannot say, however, that even in
their revised form, in which they se-
cured enactment into laws, these ideas
were necessary or beneficial. So long
as good men are retained at the head
of the various state departments, com-
missions and institutions, not much
damage may be done by the backward
steps in this regard which have been
taken at Governor Bartlett's desire.
But we shall be surprised if, at the

end of two years, they are able to jus-
tify themselves by any improvement
in efficiency and economy over the
administration of the state's business
in the recent past.

Sentiment was unanimous in the
state, as well as in the Legislature, for
some recognition of the splendid serv-
ive rendered by our New Hampshire
boys in the war with Germany.
Speaking in terms of money, the
$50 bonus originally proposed was
little enough and the reduction to $30
was not a course to brag about, espe-
cially in comparison with the $120
given her men by our sister state of
Vermont. But a more important
criticism, in our opinion, can be levelled
against our soldier legislation on the
ground of its failure to take action on
the lines of reconstruction and imme-
diately and particularly on the lines of
re-employment. Such action would
have given a permanence to the state's
expression of gratitude to its soldier
sons which they would have appreci-
ated and which would have been to
the great benefit of the common-
wealth and its industrial interests.

THE SOLDIER RETURNS FROM FRANCE

To A. J.

By Louise Patterson Guyol

Ah yes! I am so tired, so tired.
Weary of war, of blood, of flame,

I only wish to pause a bit,
And be a while without a name.

I wish a time of golden days,
A light canoe, a friendly stream,

A wood of leafy solitude,

Where I can go to rest and dream;

To lie beneath the silent stars,

And watch the shadowy river creep;

To hear far off a thrush that sings
Of sleep ... of sleep. . . .

Concord, N. H.

A BOOK OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

The Old Gray Homestead. By
Frances Parkinson Keyes. Illus-
trated. Pp., 301. Cloth, $1.50.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Com-
pany.

When the title of Mrs. Frances
Parkinson Keyes's first novel was
announced as "The Old Gray Home-
stead," and it was described as a
story of New England rural life, there

Mrs. Henry W. Keyes

came into the mind of one reader a
picture of a low, small, weather-beaten
homestead, nestling in the shadow of
a great hill and becoming almost a part
of it by nature's camouflage of "pro-
tective coloration. " Such tiny homes,
usually dwarfed by great barns behind
them, are familiar to every dweller in,
or visitor to, the highlands of New
Hampshire.

But Gray meant to Mrs. Keyes a
family name and not the color of that
family's dwelling. The Gray Home-
stead was, in fact, one of those spa-
cious, dignified, handsome colonial
houses, of which the wealthy land-
owners in the Connecticut valley

were building so many a century ago
on beautiful sites along the river's
banks. Some of them, well-preserved
to the present daj^, still delight the
trained eye of the architect and win
the instinctive appreciation of the
lover of beauty.

The Old Gray Homestead and the
large and interesting family which it
sheltered were both on the point of
"going to the dogs," when Mrs.
Keyes begins her story. "The old
house, set well back from the main
road and near the river, with elms
and maples and clumps of lilac
bushes about it, was almost bare of
the cheerful white paint that had
once adorned it. The barns
were black, ungainly and half fallen
to pieces. All kinds of farm imple-
ments, rusty from age and neglect,
were scattered about, and two dogs
and several cats lay on the kitchen
porch amidst the general litter of
milk-pails, half-broken chairs and
rush mats."

Such was the scene that revealed
itself to an arriving good fairy from
New York, with purse and heart
alike heavy laden and both destined
to be lightened during her sojourn on
the old farm. To disclose more of the
story than this would be to rob the
reader of future pleasure; although,
truth to tell, it is not upon the in-
tricacy of the plot that the genuine
success of Mrs. Keyes's first novel
depends, but rather upon the absolute
truth of the picture which she paints of
New England rural life and character.

In her foreword she says: "To the
farmers, and' their mothers, wives,
and daughters, who have been my
nearest neighbors and my best friends
for the last fifteen years, and who
have taught me to love the country
and the people in it, this quiet story
of a farm is affectionately and grate-
fully dedicated."

^Nlrs. Keyes chooses her words well.

238

The Granite Monthly

Her story is a "quiet" one, and yet
there is much of action, exciting
action, in it. The scene is not always
laid in Newbury, Vermont, but shifts
to New York City and even across
the ocean. It is a happy picture of
rural life which she paints, but she
knows the necessity for deep shadows
as well as high lights, and into her
tale stalks now and then the tragedy
which walks country lanes as inevitably
as city pavements. And, now and
then, too infrequently, she allows

herself and us a taste of delicious,
rollicking humor.

Our new New Hampshire novelist
has caught and fixed in the printed
page characters familiar to us all.
Tender sentiment binds them; ster-
ling truths of life and love are typified
by them; with them, through the
author's art, we smile and weep,
mourn and rejoice. Hours well spent
are those which the reader passes
beneath the imaginary roof of "The
Old Grav Homestead."

FEBRUARY 1% 1919

Lincoln :

A League of Nations:

The Peace Council of Paris

By Clarence E. Carr
Had Lincoln lived until this later day.
His thought, we know, our human hearts would sway;
Amid the troubled waters of the world.
Blooded and foamed, where Hate and pride had swirled,
He had controlled men's anger, stayed men's crime.
And calmed their passions with his love sublime.

Had Lincoln lived, how fearless were his word,
How true his justice, how his wrath were stirred.
How shrivelled were the Lord who led the Central Host
When Lincoln scourged, how mean his brutal boast!

Had Lincoln lived, how strong, how brave, how clear
And calm his judgments were to save from fear;
How mighty were his thoughts, fertile his brain,
To build a world anew upon its buried pain.

Lincoln is gone, the standard of the wise,

The brave, the just, must lift us to his skies.

The wisdom, spirit, love, he left to men,

0, take ye up! And with inspired pen

Write ye his heart, his thought, into a mighty plan

By which to teach mankind God's love of man,

And fetter war with all its hate and pride

And bring the truth for which the Master died.

Be ye inspired by him, he lives todaj^,
His justice and his law the only way,
Stern as the fates are, loving as the light,
His rule alone will lift the world from night.

Pray we his wisdom then o'erbrood the few
Striving in pain to build a world anew.
His sternness and his justice guide their thought,
His spirit mark the fabric by them wrought,
His love the all-pervading force that brings
Order and peace from out war's hell of things!

Andover, N. H.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

COLONEL THO^L\S E. O. MARVIN

ColoiTpl Thomas Ellison Oliver Marvin,
former mayor of Portsmouth, died on Wednes-
day, April 9, at the home of his daughter, Dr.

fisheries and Southern carrying trade. In this
calling Ca|)tain Marvin had succeeded his
uncle Captain Thomas Ellison Oliver of New-
Castle, the son of a soldier of the Revolution.

The late Colonel Marvin

Grace Marvin, 84 Maple Street, Roxbury,
Mass. He was in his eighty-second j^ear and
had been in failing health since la.st August.

Colonel Marvin was born December 18,
1837, on Marvin's Island, Portsmouth Harbor,
the older son of Captain William Marvin, a
merchant engaged in the Bank and Labrador

Captain OUver in his youth had been a very
successful shipmaster and had retired from
the sea to carry on the fisheries, in which
Portsmouth and New Castle were active for
more than two centuries, from the first Eng-
lish settlements in New Hampshire to the
years after our Civil War. Older people of

240

The Granite Monthly

Portsmouth and vicinity remember when the
trade still flourished along the shore of the
Piscataqua between Captain Oliver's large
house in the upper part of New Castle and the
bridges at Marvin's Island, with the spread-
ing flakes in the fields and the vessels fitting
out for sea or discharging at the wharves.

Colonel Marvin as a lad was educated at
the old Portsmouth Academy under Master
Harris, and then entered the business of his
father and great-uncle. Subsequently, in
association with his brother, William Marvin,
Jr., and the late James P. Bartlett, he es-
tablished the firm of Marvin Brothers &
Bartlett, which for many years conducted on
Bow Street, Portsmouth, the manufacture
of medicinal cod liver oils after processes dis-
closed by long experience in the fishing
industry.

Colonel Marvin in 1861 married Miss
Anne M. Lippitt, sister of Mrs. Jane Lippitt
Patterson, the wife of the Rev. A. J. Patterson,
then the minister of the Universalist parish in
Portsmouth. Colonel Marvin in 1863 took
up his residence on State Street, Portsmouth,
which was the family home until after the
death of Mrs. Marvin in 1880.

As a member of the board of aldermen,
Colonel Marvin became mayor of Portsmouth
on the death of Hon. Horton D. Walker in

1872, and was elected mayor for the year

1873. When Boston, on the outbreak of
the great memorable fire of November 9,
1872, called on the neighboring New England
cities for help to check the flames, Mayor
Marvin responded in penson with the then
new and powerful steam fire engine Kearsarge
and a company of forty men, who were hur-
ried by special train to Boston and stationed
on Washington Street at the head of Milk
Street, where they fought the fire until it
was effectually stopped. The particular
duty of the Portsmouth firemen was to pro-
tect the Old South Meeting House and the
Transcript building, and they were thanked
for the courage and tenacity of their service
at this key-point of the conflagration.

Colonel Marvin as mayor supervised the
plans for the memorable "Retiirn of the Sons
of Portsmouth" on July 4, 1873, when on
behalf of the city he welcomed several thou-
sand home-coming sons headed by Jacob
Wendell, James T. Fields, Thomas Bailey
Aldrich and B. P. Shillaber. Another event
of his administration was the building of the
Portsmouth & Dover Railroad. With the
mayor of Dover he wheeled the first earth and
drove the first spikes in the construction of
the line.

After his service as mayor. Colonel Marvin
commanded the Portsmouth Artillery, whose
history ran back to 1775, reorganizing this
into a smart field battery which represented
New Hampshire in the national military
encampment at the Centennial Exposition of
1876, in Philadelphia. This corps, made up
in part of veteran soldiers and sailors of the

Civil War, and uniformed in scarlet and blue,
was given a post of honor in the inauguration
ceremonies at Concord and elsewhere. At
that time Portsmouth sustained four military
organizations — the light battery, a company of
heavy or seacoast artillery, a troop of cavalry
and a company of infantry, all enrolled in
the National Guard. Colonel Marvin relin-
quished his artillery command to serve on the
staff of Governor Person C. Cheney of New
Hampshire.

Subsequently Colonel Marvin practised
law in Portsmouth, in association with the
well-remembered firm of Frink & Batchelder.
For many years he was the president and for a
long time also the state prosecuting agent
of the New Hampshire Society for the Pre-
vention of Cruelty to Animals. He was
zealously devoted to this cause, and was
instrumental not only in the furthering of
legislation for the prevention of cruelty, but
in the actual enforcement of these laws in all
sections of New Hampshire.

Colonel Marvin was a 32d degree Mason,
a past master of old St. John's Lodge of
Portsmouth, and affiliated with De Witt
Clinton Commandery, Knights Templar.
For half a century he and members of his
family were attendants at the Universalist
Church in Portsmouth, of which for a long
time he was a warden.

In 1896 Colonel Marvin married as a second
wife Miss Eleanor Bishop of New York, and
for most of the time resided in New York or
vicinity until the death of his wife on Long
Island in 19Q9: Since then Colonel Marvin
had passed; the winters in Boston and the
summers in Portsmouth — having always a
strong affection for his native town. Since
1908 his summer home had been with his
oldest son at the family homestead on Mar-
vin's Island,' hot far from the residence of his
brother, William Marvin, Esq., on the Cap-
tain Oliver homestead in New Castle.

Colonel Marvin had six sons and one
daughter of his first marriage. The daughter
is Dr. Grace Marvin, who has made her
home- with her aunt, Mrs. J. L. Patterson, in
Roxbury, Mass., and the sons are Winthrop
L. Marvm, secretary and treasurer of the
National Association of Wool Manufacurers;
Rev. Judsoii P. Marvin, minister of the First
Parish in Annisquam, Mass.; Thomas O.
Marvin, secretary of the Home Market Club,
of Boston; Harry G. Marvin, manager of the
Hobkirk Inn, Camden, S. C; Rev. Reginald
K. Marvin, minister of Grace Church,
Franklin, Mass., who has been in the service
of the Y. M. C. A. in France, and Charles R.
Marvin of the Utica-Willowvale Bleachery
Company, New York. His nephews are
Hon. William E. Marvin, ex-mayor of Ports-
mouth, and State Senator Oliver B. Marvin
of New Castle.

Throughout his life Colonel Marvin had
had a strong love for the sea. Taught in
boyhood by his father and Captain Oliver to

New Hampshire Necrology

241

'"hand, reef and steer" a.s the lads of his rare
had always been taught by the older men, he
was expert in all that jiertained to shipping
and the fisheries. From his sixth to his
■eightieth year lie liad sailed the waters of
Portsmouth antl its neighl)orhood, with every
creek and cove and tideway of which he was
as familiar as with the winding streets of the
old town.

In the history and traditions of New Hamp-
shire he had always been deeply interested,
and he had a large collection of the weapons
and mementoes of the old wars and of colonial
times. Colonel Marvin had been for many
years the secretary of the New Hampshire
Society of the Sons of the Revolution. His
oldest grandson is Lieutenant-Commander
David Patterson Marvin on overseas service
in the Atlantic cruiser fleet.

GEORGE W. AMES

George W. Ames, for the past fourteen
years editor of the Peterborough Transcript,
died March 28. He was born in Peter-
borough, July 11, 1866, the son of George W.
and Eliza (Brown) Ames, and during most of
his life was emj^loyed in various capacities
in the office of the Transcript. He was a
member of the Grange, secretary of the local
GoK Club and the principal promoter of the
successful Peterborough Poultry Association.

W. H. HITCHCOCK

William H. Hitchcock, telegraph editor of
The Manchester Leader since its establishment
in 1912, died March 11. He was born in
Springfield, Mass., September 30, 1870, and
after attending the schools there was a
student at the New England Conservatory
of Music. He w'as an expert telegrapher, but
in 1901 entered newspaper work. Before and
during the war he rendered valuable service
by the instruction he gave to radio classes at
Manchester.

MRS. ELLEN R. RICHARDSON

Mrs. Ellen R. Richardson, president of
the New Hampshire Woman's Christian
Temperance Union since 1899, died at her
home in Concord, March 10, having been
taken ill while addressing a reUgious meeting
on the previous evening. Born in St. John,
N.B.,70 years ago, she married December 24,
1870, GeorgeW. Richardson of East Haverhill,
where they resided until 1908. Mr. Richard-
son survives her, with their one son, Guy,
editor of Our Dumb Animals and secretary
of the Massachusetts S. P. C. A. Mrs.
Richardson was one of New Hampshire's
best known social workers, a frequent and
■effective speaker and tireless worker for the
many good causes with wliich she was identi-

fied, including, especially, in addition to the
W. C. T. U., the Mercy Home at Manchester,
of which she was a trustee. A telegram of
appreciation of Mrs. Richardson's services,

The late Mrs. Ellen R. Richardson

from National President Anna Gordon of
the W. C. T. U., was read at the funeral.

JUDGE L. W. HOLMES

Lewis W. Holmes, clerk of the superior
court for Cheshire County and justice of the
Keene municipal court since 1888, died in
that city, March 13. He w-as born in Reads-
\ille, Vt., April 25, 1848, and was educated
at Kimball Union Academy and Dartmouth
College, class of 1871. He studied law with
Wheeler & Faulkner at Keene, was admitted
to the bar in 1874 and practiced in Keene,
where he was for a time city soUcitor, until
1882, when he went to Washington, D. C, as
a patent office examiner. Returning to
Keene to accept the offices named he re-
mained a resident there until his death,
serving at various times as clerk of the state
Senate, as a member of the House of Repre-
sentatives and as a city alderman. He was
clerk of the Cheshire County Bar Association.

CHARLES E. LANE

Charles Edwin Lane, born in Wakefield,
March 30, 1839, died recently in Lombard,
111. He graduated from Dartmouth in 1866
and after teaching for a few years entered the
business of educational book publication in
which he continued until his retirement in
1899, at which time he was Chicago manager
of the American Book Company. He was
president of the Lombard State Bank.

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Required by the Act of Congress of August
24, 1912, of The Granite Monthly, 'pub-
lished at Concord, New Hampshire, for
April 1, 1919.

STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE,

County of Merrimack, ss.

Before me, a Justice of the Peace in
and for the State and County aforesaid,
personally appeared Harlan C. Pearson,
who, having been duly sworn according
to law, deposes and says that he is the
editor, publisher and sole owner of the
Granite Monthly and that there are no
bondholders, mortgagees or other security
holders owning or holding 1 per cent, or
more of total amount of bonds, mort-
gages or other securities.

Henry H. Metcalf.

Subscribed and sworn to before me this
2nd day of April, 1919.

My commission expires December, 1919.

THE.LATE'^ALVIN H. CLIFFORD
See page 253

The Granite Monthly

Vol. LI

JUNE, 1919

No. 6

THE WARTIME TEMPER OF THE STATE

By Richard 11'. Husband
Sfafe War Historian of Neiv Hampshire

From the first of Au.i-ust, 1!)14, New
Hampshire was uinieiitral, both in
thought and in speech. At tlie very
outset the citizens of tiie state were
strongly inelinetl to take sides in the
conflict that broke out so fiercely and
unexpectedly in Europe. Quickly
and openly they judged, and the great
majority' formed tlie con\'iction to
which they have adhered steadfastly
to this day. Even the President's
great neutrality proclamation failed
to influence matei'ially tlie spirit of
New Hampshire men and women.
Germany was held responsil)le for
bringing an unjustifiable war upon a
Europe desirous of peace.

The violation of the guaranteed
neutrality of Belgium was vigorously
condemned. The reports of the
brutal treatment accorded to innocent
non-combatants in Belgium, France .
and Serbia were at first not credited,
but this feeling changed to deep
resentment and horror when the un-
believable was proved to be true.
The alliance with the conscienceless
Turk, murderer of hundreds of thou-
sands of Armenians and Syrians,
deprived Germany of almost the last
vestige of sympathy she might still
have enjoyed. The fiendish slajdng
of Edith Cavell affected our state
profoundly.

There was outspoken applause
when Great Britain entered the strug-
gle because Germany had violated
her treaty with Belgium. As the
German army approached Paris in its
first rapid advance, New Hampshire
not onlv realized keenlv that an

ancient, friend was in serious danger,
but a deep humanitarian impulse
arose which it would have seemed
iini)Ossible to awaken in the heart of
the American nation for the distress
of a people three thousand miles
distant. With the greatest satisfac-
tion we learned that an American
had organized a lelief committee to
feed and clothe and otherwise assist
the stricken and helpless in the
districts which had been so wantonly
pillaged and destroyed.

The introduction of poisonous
gases and of submarine warfare gave
the final touch to an already over-
strained patience so that discussion of
active interference by the United
States was no longer uncommon. It
is characteristic of New Hampshire
men and women, as it is character-
istic of the whole of our country,
that the prime motive in the expres-
sion of readiness to participate in the
war rested upon a feeling of resent-
ment that a nation could commit such
outrages against civilized man, rather
than upon a desire for revenge because
of direct loss of American lives antl
American property. When, however,
the sinking of the Lusitania proved
that the humane instincts of civilized
nations were unknown to the German
militarists, New Hampshire seemed
ready for war. There was little
argument as to whether submarine
warfare was justified on the ground
of military expediency. The whole
trend of thought showed an unalter-
able belief that exposing innocent
women and children and even non-

PROF. RICHARD W. HUSBAND
State War Historian

The Wartime Temper of the State

247

combatant men to the perils then
experienced in sea travel was intol-
eraljle. Although it had been pub-
lished in all our newspapers that
Germany gave official notice to
Americans to keep off the Lusitania
when it was about to make its last
fateful journey, there were few in our
state who believed that the German
military authorities would dare to do
so frightful a deed. There was no
patience with the idea that Americans
could be bullied into acceptance of
this curtailment of their rights.
They had the right to travel on the
high seas and no nation would venture
to act so contrary to accepted ideas
of civilization as to sink a vessel filled
with neutral travelers going from one
part of the world to another on legit-
imate business.

Few in our state sympathized for a
moment with the McLemore resolu-
tion warning Americans to keep off
the sea. We had the right to travel
where we pleased, outside the actual
theatre of war. It did not occur to
us that it would be necessary to resort
to arms in order that this right
might be respected. The usual con-
duct, the ordinary doctrines, the com-
mon humanity of advanced nations,
we believed, would prevail with
German high officers so that they
would sureh' issue commands that
peaceful travelers were not to be
molested. When we found that they
were no respecters of international
law, or of the universally accepted
tenets of Christian nations, New
Hampshire was ready to resist.
From that time until April 6, 1917,
our state waited, and not very
patient I3', for a declaration by the
President and the Congress that the
United States as a whole would oppose
to the utmost of its ability the bar-
barous methods of warfare now
adopted for the first time among
modern peoples.

From the time war was declared in
Europe the citizens of New Hampshire
displayed a noble humanitarian spirit
in coming to the aid and relief of

suffering people in the afflicted areas.
Surgical dressings societies, organized
by the Woman's Civic Federation
of the state, existed in many towns
and cities and sent abroad large
quantities of materials. In addition
to these the Peter Bent Brigham soci-
eties should especially be mentioned.
The Committee for Belgian Ilelicf,
under the leadership of Herbert
Hoover, was receiving much financial
aid from our citizens. Care of
French orphans, assistance to wounded
French soldiers, and the furnishing of
general supplies for the French Red
Cross, were enterprises to which many
were devoting much time. The Cana-
dian Red Cross received from New
Hampshire many thousands of sur-
gical dressings, bandages, and other
field and hospital necessaries, while
contributions were generously made
to the Canadian Patriotic Fund.
Here and there in the state there
were contributions of money and of
materials made for the relief of other
stricken nations, as, for example,
the Serbians and Armenians. Our
lack of neutrality, shown by the great
extent and enthusiasm of these soci-
eties, is very striking.

To such a degree had these various
organizations occupied the attention
of the people and seized upon their
sympathies that it was some time
after the opening of the war in 1914
before the American Red Cross suc-
ceeded in gaining an effective en-
trance into the state. A state chapter
was created in Concord somewhat
early, and gradually' from this an
organization was built up throughout
New Hampshire with local branches
owing allegiance to it. The spread of
this definite organization, however,
was comparatively slow until the
United States itself actualh' became
involved in the war. From that
point the spread of the Red Cross
proceeded very rapidly and extended
so widely that when the state chapter
determined in the autumn of 1917 to
dissolve, in harmony with a new
national Red Cross plan of organ-

248

The Granite Monthhj

ization, about 150 local branches had
already been created.

The nation at large is apt to estimate
the humane spirit of the war by the
degree to which the Red Cross was
supported. The first drive for
membership in the state took place
during the months of February and
March, 1917, at which time over
38,000 members were enrolled. The
second drive occurred in December of
the same year, when 84,000 members
were obtained. One year later, in
December, 1918, the splendid total
of 122,000 was reached. In the
meantime, two campaigns for larger
subscriptions were made, the first of
which brought into the treasury of
the Red Cross $285,000, and ' the
second, $525,000. The combined
contributions which New Hampshire
has made to the Red Cross show a
grand total of about $1,100,000,
exclusive of a large number of un-
recorded private gifts and offerings.
In another way the activities of the
Red Cross may be measured— that is,
by the production of surgical dressings,
knitted goods and garments. Up
to the present time this amounts to
1,849,301 articles. In a third way the
beneficent spirit of the Red Cross was
manifested, in the work done in the
Home Service Section by way of giving
information to the families of soldiers
and sailors and assisting them with
advice or with money in case of need.
The Home Service Section has seen
the great majority of those entering
the service in order to give them useful
information, and has come into close
contact with 50 per cent of the
families of all who have gone from
New Hampshire. It is a splendid
testimony to the hold which the Red
Cross has upon the confidence and
esteem of the state that all of these
activities have continued since the
signing of the armistice and entirely
in a spirit of helpfulness toward the
suffering of the world. The nursing
department of the Red Cross was also
very energetic in recruiting nurses for
army service, and in consequence

suceeded in completely filling the
state's quota of army nurses.

The first attempt to induce the
state systematically to make itself
ready for engaging in war, provided
war became inevitable, resulted in
the formation of the New Hampshire
League to Enforce Peace. The work
of the league consisted chiefly in
holding patriotic meetings throughout
the state, in distributing educational
and propagandist pamphlets,, and in
assisting other enterprises, especially
engaged in active preparation for the
war. Among the most valuable serv-
ices of the league was its offer to
collect money in the state for the work
of the Committee on Public Safety.
The total amount contributed for this
purpose was somewhat more than
$30,000, after which the state assumed
the expenses of the committee.

The outline given so far might lead
to the impression that every citizen
of New Hampshire and even every
resident showed enthusiasm for the
war and the highest type of loyalty.
Nevertheless, this was not true.
There was much apprehension felt
lest outrages might be committed
against essential industrial plants and
against public utilities such as had
occurred in many states. Suspicion
was directed against classes and
individuals, and frequently iK seemed
that the suspicion was justified. The
Federal Government took certain
measures to guard against calamities
of this kind by assigning companies
of the Vermont and Massachusetts
National Guard to protect bridges
and other vulnerable spots along the
railway lines. A few members of the
New Hampshire National Guard were
stationed about the State House and
State or Federal buildings in Concord.
Apart from these few instances it was
expected that all property would be
safeguarded by private enterprises.
For some time the minds of many
people were not free from anticipation
of disaster, and appeals for protection
were frequently made. It gives im-
mense satisfaction, therefore, to be

The Wartime Temper of the State

249

able now to record that throughout
the whole course of the war not a
single attempt was made to inHict
damage upon either public or private
places. The breaking of a dam in
the central part of the state was for
some days attributed to seditious
persons or alien enemies. Investiga-
tion proved that the break occurred
through natural causes.

In harmony with the prevailing
apprehension of the state, the Com-
mittee on Public Safety appointed a
sub-committee on state protection
whose duties were defined in the
following words: ''To cooperate with
the military and other pertinent
authorities in making plans and
securing organizations for the general
maintenance of order within the
state, and to assist local authorities
in the suppression of disorders; to
assist local and state authorities in
anticipating dangerous activities of
irresponsible persons; in general to
help to maintain a healthy condition
of indi\idual relations to the state."

From what has been said above it
is obvious that certain of these func-
tions were unnecessarj\ There were
no uprisings in the state, although
some timid citizens were fearful that
the enforcement of the selective
service law^ might lead to disorder,
nor was it at all certain that the aliens
residing within the state would be so
loyal as they afterwards proved to be.

The one real difficulty in connection
with the protection of the state con-
sisted in the words and acts of "irre-
sponsible persons " in their " indi\'idual
relations to the state." Almost as
soon as war broke out local commit-
tees on state protection were appointed
in all towns and cities of the state,
but these did not seem to take their
duties seriously. At all events they
rarely reported cases of disloyalty or
of failure to cooperate in the work of
the nation. During the first few
months of the war our long settled
habit of letting each man do as he
pleased still prevailed, and when a
rare case of suspected disloyalty was

reported it was commonly accom-
panied l)y an apology. Only after
our own boys began to approach the
point of danger, and only after per-
sonal deprivations were felt at home,
did our citizens realize keenly that
those who were not whole-heartedly
with us were against us. Then
reports were sent in frequently and
without apology. Complaints were
made of those who tried to excuse
Germany, of those who criticized our
Government or the President, of
those who spoke against the operation
of the draft, and even of those who
refused to contribute to the various
war funds. The interesting point
here is that without doubt actual
disloyalty became less, whereas the
reports became more numerous.

Occasionally strong objection was
expressed to the bringing into the
state of newspapers printed in foreign
language. This was especially true
of Russian and Lithuanian newspapers
issued after the revolution in Russia.
Some of our citizens were not satisfied
with the Federal requirement that a
true translation should be deposited
with the postmaster at the place of
issue, and insisted that such transla-
tions should appear in the newspapers
themselves in parallel columns with
the originals. It was a laudable
desire, particularly after it was dis-
covered that certain papers of revolu-
tionary tendency were sent into the
state by express, whereas their pub-
lishers had been forbidden the use
of the mails. Investigation showed
that in these few cases the Federal
authorities raided the establishments
where the printing of the papers
occurred, and further publication was
prevented.

An excess of zeal was sometimes
manifested, as in the case where com-
plaint was made that soldiers on
agricultural furlough were loafing
instead of working on the farm.
Complaints were also forwarded that
certain men received deferred classifi-
cation and that the agricultural or
industrial enterprises which were the

250

The Granite Monthly

basis for receiving the classification
requested were immediately aban-
doned. It was extremely difficult to
discover the exact facts, and too often
it was divulged that personal feeling
magnified the offense or led even to
imaginary charges and unfounded
complaints. When this was discov-
ered the cases were quietly dropped.
One singular case arose where a
man accused a neighbor of disloy-
alty, and actually manufactured doc-
uments and forged the neighbor's
.signature in order to substantiate his
claim.

Disloj^alty and neglect of duty were
variously treated as occasion de-
manded. Sometimes a hint from the
Committee on Public Safety directed
to the suspected, or guilty persons,
was sufficient to cause a complete
cessation from any outward signs of
disaffection. In certain notable cases
the local Committees on Public
Safety sent representatives to the
persons suspected, and by argument
or occasional threat effected a con-
version. Here and there the individ-
ual was actually brought before the
local committee and granted a hear-
ing. In all such instances the culprit
was forced to make amends before the
hearing closed, and promised to con-
duct himself loyally for the future.

By far the greater number of cases,
and all serious ones, were immediately
referred to the special agent of the
Department of Justice. This depart-
ment maintained an office at Ports-
mouth during the early months of the
war. It was later discontinued and
a special agent with three assistants
located in Concord. The splendid
work of the special agent would form
a chapter in the history of the Depart-
ment of Justice, but it is deserving of
recognition and gratitude on the part
of the people of New Hampshire. No
suspicious circumstances in the state
passed without investigation, and few
remained unaccounted for at the
termination of the war.

It was mentioned above that fear
w'as frequently expressed and appre-

hension felt that the enforcement of
the selective service act might lead
to disorder and even to rioting. This
was indeed no more the case in New
Hampshire than it was anywhere
throughout the country, but it is
interesting to note the gradual change
of attitude toward the draft from,
month to month as the war progressed.
At the beginning one heard most
frequently the remark made by
young men that they would never
wait for the draft and thereby be
disgraced but rather that they would
enlist immediately. This was, of
course, not the only reason for volun-
tary enlistment, and we are proud of
the record of New Hampshire in this
respect. The state sent into the
service more than 20,000 persons, of
whom only 7,971 were called under
the selective service act; all others
enlisted voluntarily. Expressed in
figures, more than 60 per cent of those
in the service entered by enlistment
rather than by induction. This per-
centage is considerably larger than that
which obtained throughout the
country.

Nevertheless, the feeling that the
selective draft was a natural way to
enter the service of the country
rather than a disgrace gradually
sprang up throughout the state.
This change of attitude was not imme-
diate nor sudden. During the first
six months that the selective service
act was in operation a noticeably
large number of young men claimed
exemption and even protested against
the decisions of the physicians who
made their physical examination.
This was not wholly due to disloyalty
but arose partially from a feeling that
was fairly wide spread,- — that the war
would be finished before the winter of
1917. With this in view many young
men felt that it would be an extreme
hardship for them to give up their
usual occupation for the few months
they might be required to spend at
Camp Devens, and all to no purpose.
And yet there was too often manifested
in those days a real fear of military

The Wartime Temper of the State

251

service and a dread of the dangers
incident to warfare.

When, however, the German drive
in the sprin^^- of 1918 forced the aUies
back and the nations opposed to the
Germans experienced the greatest
despondency that they had felt since
September, 1914, even personal oppo-
sition to entering the service dis-
appeared. It was then a very notice-
able thing that those soon to become
subject to the draft quietly awaited
their turn without apparent fear or
hesitation or rebellion against the
decisions of the local or district
boards. In fact the spirit of fairness
so characteristic of the boards made a
deep impression upon the men whose
cases were being considered, with the
result that a genuine appreciation of
these boards was not uncommonly
expressed. Members of the boards
commonly accompanied those about
to be inducted to the trains which
they were to take to camp and said
farewell to the boys as they did to
their own friends or members of their
own families. Of the same nature
was the feeling of pride of possession
manifested by each town in its own
boys whether already at the front or
about to leave for the service. The
towns of New Hampshire are suffi-
ciently small to permit of a close
acquaintanceship among the families
resident within the town, and this
acquaintanceship ripened into a
community spirit which frequently
resembled that of a large family.

One of the important contributing
factors to the development of a com-
munity spirit is to be found in the
town pride fostered by the constant
labors of the local historians in making
a complete record of all who entered
the service from each town. Here we
should also bear special testimony to
the fairness and indefatigable labors
of the governor and the adjutant
general of the state whose interpreta-
tion of the rules of the selective
service act, assignment of quotas,
and arrangements for' carrying out
smoothly the transportation of troops,
contributed most admirablv to the

splendid feeling of friendship and
cooperation among the citizens.

One of the best methods of estimat-
ing the wartime temper of the state
is by making a tabulation of the
subscriptions to the various war
activities. It is impossible to list
these accurately, inasnmch as the
campaigns in many instances were
not organized in such a way as to
render it possible to distinguish
between the subscriptions made in
New Hampshire and those made in
other states. Fi-equently the sub-
scriptions of individuals or com-
munities were not forwarded to a
central state agency, with the result
that New Hampshire lost its due
credit. It is improbable that an
accurate account of our contributions
can ever be compiled. At present it
is quite impossible to trace some of
the funds, while others can be traced
only partially. This is especially
true of contributions made by fra-
ternal organizations and various other
societies. Particularly regrettable is
it that the Belgian Relief Fund cannot
be traced more accurately, for it is
quite certain that the amount given
in the table is not more than half of
what it should be. The following
table is the best that we are able to
make.

LOANS

Liberty Loans

First $9,894,900

Second 15,484,400

Third 17,282,300

Fourth 29,346,640

Total $72,008,240

The total Liberty bonds held in the
United States is $16,851,699,300.
New Hampshire holds about $164 per
person, whereas the country holds
$153 per person.

War Savings (to the close of the
war) $4,302,368.08.

CONTRIBUTIONS

Red Cross $1,054,000.00

Y. M. C. A 350,000.00

Y. W. C. A 7,000.00

K. of C 52,000.00

War Camp Community Fund 5,094 . 67

Library Fund 16,000.00

Salvation Army 10,000.00

Elks War Relief Fund 12,000.00

Armenian and Syrian Relief 27,628 . 69

Hospital Ship Carrier (Colonial Dames) . 787 . 00

252

The Granite Monthly

Knights of Pythias 1,089.00

Friends of Poland 2,935.73

Federation of Women's Clubs 42,627.82

Belgian Relief (N. E. Belgian Relief

Fund) 10,464.24

Committee on Public Safety 39,326 . 50

United War Work Campaign. . 1,000,879.00

The willingness with which people
of the state deprived themselves of
things they ordinarily regarded as
necessities and the actual effort they
expended in doing those things which
were considered advantageous to the
country while at war, offer a notice-
able proof of the splendid patriotism
of the state. The restrictions im-
posed by the food administrator and
the fuel administrator were endured
just as they were endured by all of
the inhabitants of the United States.
On the other hand, the increase in the
production of food in gardens and on
farms was a heartening triumph.
The' details of this it is unnecessary
now to give as they are known
through the report of the Federal food
administrator of New Hampshire and
of the New Hampshire commissioner
of agriculture. The close coopera-
tion of the New Hampshire State
College, the Grange, the Farm Bureau
Association and the Woman's Organ-
ization in increasing the production
of food and in methods of conserva-
tion are deserving of the warmest
praise, and it must be stated to the
lasting honor of the people of our
state that they willingly and even
enthusiasticall}^ followed the sugges-
tions made by the food administra-
tion and its local representatives.

One should not conclude a survey
of the wartime temper of the state
without drawing particular attention
to the fact that hundreds of men and
women neglected their own affairs
and their own business, many of them
for the whole period of the war, in
order to give their loyal and most
effective service to their state and
nation during the crisis.

With the return of peace New
Hampshire is eager to settle at once
into the ways of peace. We do not
want another war, but, if another so
righteous as the last must come, we
are ready to do our duty at whatever

cost or sacrifice. Nevertheless we
would guard against its recurrence,
and to prove that the way of the
transgressor is fraught with peril
for the transgressor himself, our state
wishes the utmost demanded from
Germany that she can possibly pay.
Moreover we insist that Germany
be rendered powerless to create fur-
ther disasters. We expressed hearty
approval when Marshal Foch urged
the Peace Conference to compel
Germanv to reduce her military forces
to 200,000. Still greater joy was
caused by the announcement of
Lloyd George that even this small
force should be cut down by one half.
New Hampshire demands strongly
that all reasonable measures be taken
to avoid the necessity of resorting
again to arms to defend our just
rights and privileges.

The best effect the war has had
upon our state is the development of
a community spirit. We have be-
come united through our common
efforts in raising funds, in practising
economies, in the production of food,
in knitting or sewing, in all joint
patriotic purposes, and best of all,
in sending forth our young men who
seem to have become the possession
of an entire community rather than
merely a part of their own families.
Now that they are coming home,
nothing can stir the heart more than
to see a whole town or village assem-
ble to give welcome to perhaps a
single returning valiant son. It is
only an extension of this spirit that
forms the foundation of the desire for
state unification, to the end that all
our residents may be linked together
in the common bond of Americanism.
Here we find the explanation of the
fact that there was an almost univer-
sal demand for a new educational
system which would grant equal
educational opportunities to every
child in the state. The feeling of the
people was reflected in the practical
unanimity with which our last state
Legislature accepted a new and
splendid Education Bill, designed to
accomplish this excellent result.

ALVIN H. CLIFFORD

Alvin H. Cliffoni, the dean of the
Boston wool trade in point of service,
who died at his home in Newton,
Mass., May 8, was born in Gihnan-
ton 77 years ago. The Chffords are
one of the pioneer faniihes in New
England, the name occm'ring in
Massachusetts history in the first
half of the seventeenth century and
in the New Hampshire records soon
after, while the first Clifford in Gil-
manton came there just before the
Revolutionary War.

Alvin H. Clifford received his edu-
cation at the famous old Gilmanton
Academy. He served as a sutler in
the Ci\Til War and after its close was
for a time employed as clerk in the
American House in Concord. Fifty-
j&ve years ago, he entered business
life in New York City, and soon
became a wool buyer, travelling
through the West for some of the
largest houses of the metropolis.

A few years later, he located in

Boston and ever since has been suc-
cessfully engaged in business there as
a wool merchant. The firm name
has been A. H. Clifford & Son, 184
Summer street, Mr. Paul Clifford
having been his father's partner.

Mr. A. H. Clifford is also survived
by his wife, who was Marietta Shep-
ard Boldt, and by a daughter, Mrs.
Dexter B. Wiswell of Newton.

Funeral services were held at his
home, 618 Center street, Newton, on
Saturday, May 10, and were con-
ducted by Rev. Grant Person, pastor
of the Eliot Congregational Church,
with burial in Newton Cemetery.

Mr. Clifford was a man of dis-
tinguished appearance which well
indicated the possession of qualities
placing him on a high plane in both
private and business life.

The large degree of interest which
he maintained in his native state and
its affairs was manifested by his long
period of subscription to the Granite
Monthly.

Concord, N. H.

ROSEMARY

By Frances Mary Pray

Love'came into my garden bright,
The sky was clear, the wind blew free,
Love's voice was gay, his step was light,
He gathered blossoms ere his flight
Among them, rosemary.

Love came within my garden bare.
The autumn wind bent bush and tree.
Love sought and found by patient care
Half-hidden in a corner there
A bit of rosemary.

ONE SOLDIER DECIDES

By Anabel C. Andrews

"Well, chum, what do you think
of God's own country? Lie down,
and be quiet — that isn't a Hun shell:
just a Yankee bumble-bee. Let him
alone, and he will you; stir him up
and you'll get into trouble quick:
that's Yankee also."

"Don't roll up the whites of your
eyes; you're not sea sick now; but
that was better than the trenches,
chummy."

"That's all over. Time now to
begin the new life; and it's up to us to
decide what it shall be."

"Look alive now, for we must
decide today. We have had quite a
rest; and, after the way we have been
feasted, I wonder we are out of bed."

"Now, how about the Boston job?
Fine salary; chance to rise; much in
the way of education, and pleasure —
what's wrong with that?"

"You don't like the life in-doors?
Cramped quarters in the place we
call home — that the trouble? Short
days, chum; needn't go in till sleep-
time."

"No interest whatever in that
offer — want the earth, chum? Think
you'd get it by taking the farm off
Dad's hands?"

"Which shall it be, pup: Boston'
with short days; clean work; good
pay; much to see, and learn; or the
farm, with long days; overalls and
jumper; hard work, and less money?"

"Understand, pup, it's for keeps;
so think it over carefullv, and go
slow."

"If we should tell Dad we'd stay;
get sick of it, and want. to leave, he
wouldn't say one word, only ' Good
bye dear Lad,' as he did when I
sailed for France; but — you're not
acquainted with him yet, chum;
when you are, you'll find he's as good
as they make 'em; and we must be
square with him; for he is going down
now on the sunset side toward the
West."

"We can have God's big out-of-
doors — down! Down, chum! You
mean it? Think we better stay?
All right, if you're sure."

"Don't wag your tail off; you're
likelv to need it again before you
die. '■'

"Shall we tell Dad that we are
ready to slip our shoulders under the
strap; carry the load, and send him
to the rest camp?" .

"Let's go!"

Concord, N. H.

SUNSHINE AFTER RAIN

By Helen A. Parker

After the wind and the rain
And the sea's wild roar,

Out of the darkness and mist,
The blue sky spreads o'er.

After the cloud and the storm,
The sun doth appear;

And out from yon maple tall
A robin sings clear.

Mount Ascutney from the Cornish Hills

A BRIEF HISTORY OF ASCUTNEY

MOUNTAIN

By George B. Upham

[Editor's Note: — There has been pub-
lished in the Claremont Eagle during the past
year a series of historical articles different in
style, character and perhaps in purpose from
the usual town histories. They contain vivid
pictures of the past in a locality not bounded
by mere town lines. Some of these articles
reach out beyond Claremont, in a way to
make them of interest to our readers in much
of the western part of the state. They con-
tain the results of much research in old
records, maps and maniuscripts, topically
treated, and never before put into print.
The writer tells us he became convinced that
much historical material is lost every year
through the death of old residents without
record of their recollections, through the
thoughtless destruction of old letters, surveys
and manuscripts, also through destruction by
fires. Local historical societies naturally
present themselves as a means of preserving
such materials. It was with a view to
arousing interest in such a society in Clare-
mont that this series was l>egun. We find
in these articles, however, a wider interest
which we believe will appeal to our readers.
They contain paragraphs indicating an in-

timate study of the social and early economic
life of a region tyjjical of New England,
which if continued and amplified, will form
a notable contribution to an adequate eco-
nomic history of these states which yet remains
to be written. We hope the repubUcation
of these articles, with some material added
by the author, may lead to historical contribu-
tions to other local papers wth a hke purpose
in view. The series opens with a bit of geo-
logical history, applicable to a considerable
part of western New Hampshire and eastern
Vermont.]

It has been suggested that the pro-
posed local historical society should
undertake to collect and preserve data
and materials within a radius of fif-
teen or twenty miles of Claremont,
and further suggested that, since
Ascutney Mountain is the dominant
physical feature within this area, the
society be called the Ascutney His-
torical Society.

In view of the possible adoption of

256

The Granite Monthly

these suggestions it seemed that it
would be of interest to inquire into
the history of Ascutney itself.

A disappointment was met almost
at the outset, for it was found that
Ascutney was not very old, that com-
pared with Sunapee and Croydon
mountains, or even with little Bar-
ber's mountain in West Claremont,
Ascutney was a mere infant.

The Hitchcocks who wrote the " Ge-
ology of Vermont," printed in Clare-
mont in 1861, tell us that the granites
of eastern Vermont are as recent as
the Devonian age, while Professor
Daly of Harvard fixes the nativity of
Ascutney at a still later time, viz.: as
later than the Carboniferous and ear-
lier than the Cretaceous period, or, in
other words, between the time of
giant vegetation when the coal areas
were formed and the time when the
enormously thick chalk beds were laid
down under those parts of the earth
which were then covered by water.

This may have been only a hundred
million years ago, but in any event it
was, geologically speaking, in com-
paratively recent times. Geologists
are extremely shy of using any time
measure expressed in years, and well
they may be, for a thousand years is
as a mere tick on the great clock of
geologic time. The constant tendency
is to lengthen the time estimates. Re-
cent studies in the phenomena of ra-
dio activity have increased them
enormously.

From boyhood the writer has ad-
mired the beauty of Ascutney, its
gentle, graceful curves, its ever
changing lights and shadows, its soft
outlines under the stars, but it was
late in life when he first learned that
this beauty was the beauty of yoiith.

Although a mere youth among
mountains, Ascutney is interesting,
very interesting, and has been much
studied by leading geologists, by the
Hitchcocks already mentioned, and,
in more recent years, by Professors
Daly, Wolff and Jaggar of Harvard.

Wolff, for a quarter of a century,
has been professor of Petrography at

Harvard, Jaggar is a world authority
on volcanoes, Daly after spending ten
years with some interruptions in the
study of this mountain, assisted by
the above named and others, published
in 1903 his "Geology of Ascutney
Mountain," a book of 125 pages. Bul-
letin No. 209 of the U. S. Geological
Survey.

Rocks may be roughly divided into
two great classes : ( 1 ) the sedimentary
or stratified rocks which were formed
from disintegrated particles of older
rocks or the shells of animal life, de-
posited under water and cemented to-
gether by heat or pressure or both
of these agencies; (2) the crystal-
line rocks, some of the intrusive
varieties of which are hereinafter
mentioned.

The mountains and also the hills of
any considerable height in Claremont
and the vicinity, with three exceptions,
were originally formed by the cooling
and shrinking of the earth's interior,
causing the surface rock to wrinkle
into immense folds much as the skin
of an apple wrinkles when the inside
shrinks.

This process of mountain building
had long ceased in our vicinity before
the three exceptions, above men-
tioned, appeared. These late comers
were Ascutney, Little Ascutney and
Pierson's Peak. The latter was long
considered a part of little Ascutney,
and so called until given a distinctive
name by Professor Daly.

These three mountains are com-
posed of eruptive or intrusive rocks
which were forced up in a molten and
highly fluid state from great depths
in the earth. The word ''intrusive"
would seem to be the better descrip-
tive name, for they literally intruded
upon the older rocks which for long
ages had previously occupied this area;
furthermore, the word "eruptive " con-
veys the idea of a sudden or explosive
outburst, while the geologists agree
that the intrusions were by a slow,
irresistible, upward pressure. There
were several such intrusions of vary-
ing extent, probably separated by long

A Brief History of Ascutney Mountain

257

periods of time. The earliest was on
the west side of the mountain, the
later ones following progressively to-
ward the east.

It must not, however, be understood
that Ascutney was CA'er a volcano
which has l)ecome extinct. It never
had any of the characteristics of a
volcano. It had no crater, no ex-
plosive eruptions. The intrusive ma-
terial came from great depths while
the lava of a volcano comes from
comparatively shallow depths and
at comparatively frequent intervals.
Neither must it be imagined that As-
cutney or any of the other mountains
in our vicinity looked in the least as
they do now, immediately or for a long
period after the intrusions. They ex-
isted as the rock of the famous "Lion
of Lucerne," carved in the hillside,
existed for ages, unshaped and invis-
ible, before the great sculptor Thor-
waldsen finished his work. In shap-
ing mountains water, weather and
frost were and still are the slowly
working sculptors. At the time of
the intrusions nearly all of New Eng-
land, long submerged and later lifted
was covered by soft sedimentary
rocks, thousands of feet thick, which
had been deposited under water.
These formed a great plain with the
materials of the later sculptured
mountains buried beneath its sur-
face. Long ages of the action of
water and weather wore and washed
away these softer rocks, and im-
mense quantities of the harder rocks
with them, lea\dng as residuals of
erosion Ascutney and other neighbor-
ing much older mountains in sub-
stantially their present visible form.

Geologists are agreed that the in-
terior of the earth, though hotter
than any high temperatures we are
familiar with, is, owing to pressure
incredibly great, as solid as steel.
Under the crust of the earth are
enormous masses known as magmas,
which when relieved from pressure
by cracks in the overlying crust ex-
pand, become lighter in weight and
highly fluid, perhaps somewhat like
white-hot, melted, fluid glass.

In the formation of Ascutney this
upwardly pressing, molten and highly
fluid magma penetrated the cracks
in the overlying sedimentary rocks,
breaking, splitting and rifting them
into innumerable blocks and frag-
ments, large and small. These ow-
ing to their greater weight sank in
the magma, which, modified in char-
acter by these older rocks melted,
assimilated and digested by it, formed
when cooled the crystalline rocks of
which Ascutney principally consists.
The intrusive cylinder cut perpen-
dicularly through the older rocks,
without much displacement of the
rocks immediately outside the cut.
This process is one which a miner
would describe as "overhead stoping,"
that is to say, cutting up from below
and permitting the material to fall
by gra\dt3^ Professor Wolff tells me
that this theory of intrusions by
"overhead stoping," first developed by
Professor Daly in his study of the
Ascutney rocks, has been generally
accepted by geologists the world over,
whereby Professor Daly's little book
has become a classic in geological lit-
erature.

The intense heat of the intrusions
modified the character and appear-
ance of the surrounding rocks to a
lessening degree for a distance of
about six hundred feet from the eon-
tact. By contact is meant the place
where this immense cylindrical in-
trusive body of newer rock touched
or contacted with the older surround-
ing rocks, which it does on Ascutney
in approximately a circle having a
diameter at the present surface of
about two and a half miles. It should
be understood that all of the rock
within this contact circle is new and
intrusive rock of a wholly different
composition and character from the
older rocks outside the circle and also
that what remains of the cylinder of
intrusive rock extends, probably per-
pendicularly, downward for an un-
known distance, at least several miles,
through the cooled crust of the earth.

The surface contact is about six
hundred feet" above the Connecticut

258

The Granite Monthly

on the easterly side of the mountain,
about twelve hundred feet above it at
"Crystal Cascade" on the south-
westerly side, about six hundred feet
above Mill Brook on the northwest-
erly side near Brownsville, and al^out
six hundred feet alcove the highway
at the path on the northeasterly side.

Anyone seeking to find the line of
surface contact will be aided by the
fact that all around the mountain
there is a decided steepening of the
grade at the cccntact. This is owing
to the much harder, more resistant
character of the intrusive rock. It has
been less affected by glacial and
weathering action than the older,
softer surrounding rocks. The con-
tact may best be seen at "Crystal Cas-
cade" where specimen pieces may be
easily knocked off with a hammer
showing both the older and the in-
trusive rock just as they were when
the intrusive cooled and firmly ce-
mented itself to the older rock.

Fragments of the latter may be
seen there imbedded in the newer rock
at some little distance inside the con-
tact. They were splintered off af-
ter the intrusive rock had partially
cooled and was therefore in a suffi-
ciently viscous state to support them
notwithstanding the greater specific
gravity of the fragments.

"Crystal Cascade," easily reached,
is a feature of great natural beauty
and a veritable sermon in stones to
the geologist. It has been frequently
visited by the Harvard professors
above mentioned, who occasionally
brought their special students with
them. A similar place in England or
France would be widely celebrated.
The older rocks surrounding the As-
cutney intrusives are mainly clayey
schists. These were at one time strati-
fiied rocks but were subsequently much
changed by heat. They had been
flexed and wrinkled by the shrinking
process, above described, into their
present positions and shapes long
before the granitic intrusions cut out
the circular area now occupied by the
latter. The schists are of the Lower

Silurian Age, and, more definitely of
the Lower Trenton period, that is to
say, probably hundreds of millions of
years older than the intrusive rocks.

The quarryman would describe As-
cutney as composed of granite; the
geologist, as composed mainly of that
kind of granite which is called quartz-
syenite. If asked for further particu-
lars he would say that about four-
fifths of the intrusive rock was that
kind of quartz-syenite which is called
nordmarkite, several varieties of
which are found on Ascutney. One
would have to travel as far away as
the region of Christiania in Norwa}^ to
find another equally large mass of
nordmarkite. If asked aljout the other
fifth of the intrusive rock the geolo-
gist would say that it was called bio-
tite-granite, was on the southeasterly
side of the mountain and was the
latest of the great intrusions.

This biotite-granite is the granite
of the now abandoned quarries about
one thousand feet above the river and
a mile and a half northwest from As-
cutnej^ville. The blocks for the piers
of the "High Bridge" in Claremont,
also for the walls of the railroad bridge
over the highway, half a mile further
south, came from this source. These
quarries supplied the millstones for
many miles around during the first
half of the last century. The road to
them, leading through a beautiful
mountain vallej^, still shows indica-
tions of long continued, heavy use.
It is clearly apparent that an enor-
mous quantity of stone has been
taken from these quarries. They will
not, in all probability, be further
worked until a railroad is built to
them.

On the north side of the mountain,
near Brownsville, are two quarries in
the nordmarldte from which a green
variety of granite is obtained. The
"Norcross quarry" furnished the
large columns for the Library building
of Columbia University in New York
City, also those for the Bank of
Montreal. The "Mower quarry"
furnished the two monolithic sarcoph-

A Brief History of Ascutneij Mountain

259

agi in the McKinlcy mausoleum at Can-
ton, Ohio. For particulars of these
quarries, also for some further facts
respectinji; the geology of Ascutney,
see Professor Dale's "Granites of
Vermont," Bulletin No. 404 of the
U. S. Geological Survey, published
in 1909.

The great ice sheet which covered
Ascutney and scoured across it during
the Glacial period, a very recent event
of perhaps only half a million years
ago, had little effect on the outlines
of the mountain owing to the resistant
hardness of the intrusive rocks. Of
this Professor Daly says: "The gen-
eral form of Ascutney was not essen-
tially affected by the Pleistocene
glaciation. A veneer of pre-glacial
weathered rock was removed and the
rounding of minor points accom-
plished by the ice invasion, but the
pre-Glacial Ascutney had practically
the form of the present mountain."

That this is true is evident from the
fact, as Daly points out, that the
whole drainage system of the moun-
tains was unchanged by the glacier —
The valleys that had been sculptured
out of the sides of the mountain by
the slow action of frost and water
were formed, practically as they are
today, long geologic ages before the
ice came.

The moving ice-sheet, thousands of
feet deep, rounded off -the exposed
ridges, scratched and polished the rock
surface and carried away enormous
quantities of debritus and angular
blocks that had been detached and

split up by frost action. These were
rolled, rounded and carried south and
southeast in and under the moving
ice. Millions of tons of these nord-
markite boulders may be seen in the
stone walls and fields over southwes-
tern New Hampshire, some even as
far as the Massachusetts line; vastly
more lie buried in the drift.

Even as late a period as that of the
Ascutney intrusions would not have
been an altogether agreeable time in
which to live, at least not as mankind
is at present constituted. Vegeta-
tion was dark, gloomy and devoid of
flowers; great dinosaurs and other
reptiles, some as ma ly as fifteen feet
high and thirty feet long lumbered
over the land. They have left their
footprints in the mud-rocks at Turn-
er's Falls, near Greenfield, Mass. A
varied assortment of monsters lived in
the sea; great reptiles whose bat-like
wings measured twenty-five feet from
tip to tip, flew through the heavy
atmosphere. Even as a summer i*esort
the Connecticut River valley could
not have been reliably recommended
at that time.

Dr. Gulliver, who did the topo-
graphic work for Professor Daly and
prepared the map for his book, de-
termined the height of Ascutney to
be 3,114 feet, and the height of the
railway bridge over the Connecti-
cut at Windsor to be 301 feet above
the sea level.

Ascutney is the highest elevation
lying wholly in the valley of the Con-
necticut from its source to the Sound.

ALSACE-LORRAINE

A small, but complete volume, on
"Alsace-Lorraine since 1870," written
by Barry Cerf of the University of
Wisconsin and pubHshed by The Mac-
millan Company, New York, sheds
much light on one of the great ques-
tions which the Paris Peace Confer-
ence has to answer for the best inter-
ests of mankind. The author has no
sympathy for any of the German
claims to the country under considera-

tion and his brief for France in this
connection is energetic, compact and
backed by evidence adduced from re-
liable sources and clearly presented.
Especially valuable is the statistical
study which the book contains of the
ruthless exploiting of Alsatian re-
sources by an arrogant and selfish
conqueror. The volume has a fron-
tispiece map and is published at .11.50,

COUNTRY MAIL-BOXES

By Mary Jenness

Discovery began with the silver
sheets of rain that, for the last half-
hour beyond Plymouth, hid from
view lake and mountain, cottage and
farmhouse alike — everything but the
little mail-boxes Ijeside the road.
The touring-car boomed ahead at a
rate that rendered conversation im-
possible, yet had the advantage of
bringing these into a connected series.

The first discovery was that there
are styles. Once I rashly suggested
to a friend, three years in China,
that doubtless the uniform costume
of Chinese women explained their
placidity of countenance, since it
forestalled all worries about style.

"Style! My dear Sarah, it's all
style," he retorted pityingly. ''The
length of the sleeve, the cut of the
cuff, the breadth of the trousers, these
are changing all the time. There are
certain colors and textures appropri-
ate for certain seasons, months and even
weeks— to say nothing of the holidays."

Crushed, I conceded the point; and
now it was rising to haunt me along
the New Hampshire countryside.
Again, where I least expected, it was
all style. A box on a post, within
reach of the rural carrier's arm; on
this foundation, how varied the struc-
ture! There were no two alike.
For a time indeed the type was
similar. Grey wooden boxes of home
manufacture flashed by, little roofed
houses, Noah's Arks with one side
left open. Presently appeared an
open raft nailed alongside; some pro-
gressive Shem or Japheth had in-
vented the magazine annex. The
effect, while marine through child-
hood association, was also oddly
suggestive of the garden bird-house;
and once at a cross-roads I found that
some local Gilbert White had thought
so, too. With sly humor he had
erected opposite the toy post-office a
real avian mansion. It was furnished
with verandas, and many loopholes

of entrance, and yet the effect was
still so similar that it would be a wise
robin who never mailed her babies,
nor ever trusted her eggs to govern-
ment ownership !

Transition between country and
town was marked without the aid of
a road-map. The changing mail-
boxes did it. Another home-made
houselet perched gravely on the main
post, but the magazine tray was filled
with a smart new tin box by way of
modern ell. The personality of the
weatherbeaten mother still dominated
the shiny commercial newness of
the offspring. But we were nearing
town so rapidly that the next step
would certainly be to eliminate
the old-fashioned mother altogether.
The second generation did it, con-
spicuous and graceless, in the person
of the nattiest mail-box de luxe that
I have ever seen. Uncle Sam's back
must have been turned when this
aluminum creation was coiffed,
scrolled and curled.

The next day was glorious. The
country stretched below and above
us for varied, enchanting miles. Per-
versely enough, we had eyes hardly
for the occasional glimpse of Mount
Washington himself. Our attention
was glued upon mail-boxes. And
today we made the second discovery,
hidden yesterday behind the rain,
that subtly the boxes matched their
houses. Here, as elsewhere, the style
was the man. Vesta made surrepti-
tious sketches on the margin of my
New Republic which later verified our
combined memories. The post varied
from farm to farm, the material and
style of the box itself might change,
the angle of attachment to the stem,
whether post or fence or tree, was
never twice alike; yet uncannily the
house kept pace. A tiny sample
vial of its spirit was there beside the
road, open to the public eye — any
public eye that could spare half a

Country Mail-Boxes

261

pupil from the automobile guide and
the sceueiy.

Was there a weatherbeaten cracker-
box carefully hinged, squarely planted
on a stout, plain post? Behind it was
a little grey house with scant im-
maculate curtains; the essence of well-
trained poverty, both ends barely
meeting, but both ends and the
middle scrubbed clean. The next
neighbor has an empty tobacco-box
stuck on end, half the cover broken
aslant, and the other half crazily
whirling on one precarious nail. And
behold, his lean and rusty hens stray
through an unweeded garden, and
down his forlorn and sagging bay
window run the stains of many shift-
less winters. Another has a round,
new government box sturdily clampecl
to the side of a disused mile-post;
opposite is the familiar wooden hut
mounted by a log of wood wrapped
round by fraying strands of rope:
is it the former's sons or his neighbor's,
who will be leaders of men? Let the
rocks in the hillside garden of the
latter add their answer.

Yonder is the crumbling shell of a
great yellow farmhouse, but the
family moved across the road before
it crumbled, and thriftily took their
mail-box with them. There is the
framework which once enclosed it,
still supported by the iron bracket
that had surely held up grandmother's
•mantel shelf. Similar economy ap-
pears in their present use of a great
newell post that must have come from
the old homestead. So link the
generations, the essentials of the one
reappearing as the casual subsidiary
reserves of the next.

More than a revealer, the box was
sometimes an actual give-away of
character. There is a famous way-
side Tea Room, studiedly in the
rough, whose methodical rusticity
had annoyed us before, but never to
the point of acid characterization.
The new mail-box forced it. It was
swathed to its silvered ears in great
slabs of wood still in the bark —
Jacob's smooth and guileful fingers

slipping out of the disguise for Esau.
More slabs camouflaged the slender
stem into a many-angled trunk
that deceived nobody. " Kustiqued !"
conunented Vesta, and the dignity of
tea-house and mail-box were gone.
One little word had felled them.

On the other hand, it was surely an
artist whose box, a modest loaf of
bread in shape, stretched from the
dividing pine tree to rest its chin
on a forked birch sapling, growing
from right to left. No native could
have resisted pruning — and no
native would ever climb the steep
brown path behind, cried our detect-
ive instinct. And lo! there on the
bluffs above, appeared the unmis-
takable windows of a studio.

Such use of the material at hand
was far more considerate of the tree
than the elaborate scaffoldings we
sometimes saw. Once indeed, the
two broad cleats ran out from the
maple to either side the box, which
was still further stayed by no less
than three after-thoughts, stakes
driven into the outraged tree at
different times and angles. The
result was, however, complex and
picturesque, like the Irish question;
and our sympathies were not wholly
with the unsentimental son-in-law
who had freshly set a stout cedar
post under the box, and had con-
temptuously sawed through the work
of his elders. Doubtless it was he
whose brusque efficiency had begun
to eviscerate and "remodel" the
chain of dropping ell and added gables
in the old farmhouse.

A more united family was that
whose three boxes, all different (like
tooth-brushes, observed Vesta) bur-
geoned at varying angles from the
grapevine trellis by the porch. What
friendly mail-man would pass in
autumn without carrying away a
luscious memorj^, aided or not by
some ripening Eve?

Once we caught our breath at the
universal quality in a little story
lying open by the roadside. The
trimmest, perkiest of gre}' cottages,

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The Granite Monthly

mated with a sluggish red barn, had
attracted us a long way down the
road. Then came the momentary
puzzle. What was that block of
scarlet by the kitchen window? The
mail-box, painted red? And why
beside the barn door did the exact
shape of it remain, post and all, out-
lined and brushed over with glistening
new paint, not for long years to
weather to the dull tone of the old
barn itself? It was Vesta who noted
the service flag and linked the whole
in a flash of understanding.

"Why he's across," she interpreted
swiftly, "and his mother's had the
mail-box moved over to the kitchen
window so that she can get news from
him first. Look at that track!"

Truly the wheel-ruts across the bit
of lawn were new. And there at the
window, with busy hands, sat a little
grey woman, crisp-curled; dainty and
positive, like the house. Across the
upper panes of the casement was
fastened the service flag, home made,
with the avowal cross-stitched evenly
as a card-board motto: "Over There."

With the world's motherhood last
August, she was waiting for the mail.
Her heart lay only more visibly open
by the side of the road.

Such explorations are not to be
measured in terms of the A. A. A.,
any more than the style of "Marius
the Epicurean" can be solved for X.
Other values are involved. Our last
discovery led us to conscious apprecia-
tion of the fact. Close to the final
city, we passed the group of shacks
that had sprung up around a munition
factory. Conspicuously new between
the telegraph poles, a rough plank
bore fourteen identical boxes, tragic-
ally alike, numbered, like the souls in
purgatory.

"Now that," murmured Vesta, "is
exactly why I do not believe Com-
munism is possible. It's human
nature to prefer the poor thing of one's
own to the most efficient, economical,
made-by-the-million, free-and-equal
product. It hasn't any style and it
hasn't any soul. Nobody created it,
that's why!"

"Begotten, not made" — the oldest
creed added significant glow to her
challenge. Sacred be personality.
It goes deep, this right of the individ-
ual to create his environment in his
own image. Even so deep into our
town-bred hearts had grown the lov-
able, differentiated humanity of our
friends — the country mail-boxes.

MONADNOCK AT SUNSET

Bij Charles Nevers Holmes

Grand gray-capped mountain crowned with clouds aflame!
O monarch mountain robed in misty blue
At set of sun when falls the evening dew,
So changed from midday yet the very same
That I beheld thee years and years ago.

Some moments since the golden sun shone low.
Resplendent, gorgeous, dazzling to the eye,
Like blazing beacon lighting far and nigh
It sank from sight, and — lo! — the dimming sky
Is bright with colors, and yon darkened crest
Looms clear amid the glory in the west.

spectacle of which sight cannot tire.

Inspiring artist's brush or poet's lyre.

Grand gray-capped mountain crowned with clouds afire!

THE IDYL OF SQUAM LAKE

Translated from Carl A. Koehler's"Maerchenstrauss aus dem Weissen Gcbrige"

By Ellen McRoberts Mason

The loveliest little spot in the White
Mountains lies apart from the great
frequented thoroughfares over which
the obstreperous steam engine brings
thousands of pleasure-seeking summer
guests in flying haste to the popular
hotels. Only occasionally does the
traveler bend his steps that way,
which, through smiling plains and
peaceful vallej's and over wooded
heights, leads to the vale where lies
Squam Lake, there in delicious tran-
quility and solitude to enjoy the
exquisiteness of nature which there
unfolds its richest charms in incom-
parable beauty. And yet what our
enraptured eyes behold today there,
is only a shadow, a reflection of that
which was formerly there. Let me
tell you how it looked, and what
happened there long years ago.

In the happy time when elves still
peopled many snug little parts of the
ea^'th, and had not yet been scared
away by the restless doings of men in
their chase after earthly goods, when
the incessant clattering, hammering,
pounding and sawing of busy indus-
tries had not yet driven away the
poesy of unprofaned nature from wood
and field, the king of the elves had
chosen a charming, dainty bride to be
his queen. His heart glowed with
love for his chosen one and to make
ready a worthy dwelling place for her,
he created a Paradise in the midst of
this mountain landscape overgrown
with thick forests. That nothing
should disturb them in their happi-
ness, he surrounded the valley with a
high wall of mighty, insurmountable
mountains, that locked this dale
away from the whole of the rest of the
world.

Smaller heights covered with
shadowy woods girded it about with a
second ring and sloped to the lake
resting in the depths. Babbling little
brooks, in whose silvery waters the

sun was mirrored, sprang from fill the
hills in hurrying course, and here and
there plunged a waterfall in merry
bounds from the rocks into the white
basin of the lake whose blue flood
was kissed by the green shores that,
in the most delightful curves here
wound forward in a lovely, little
peninsula and there enclosed an
exquisite bay. Countless splendid-
wooded islands and islets dotted the
wide, peaceful sheet of water, lending
a charming variety. Entrancing was
the effect that the indescribably
beautiful landscape made when the
glowing disk of the sun rose above
the blue tops of the distant wonderful-
shaped mountains and gilded every-
thing in w^ondrous radiance, mirroi'ing
itself in the thousands and thousands
of dew-drops which hung on trees and
underwood like sparkling diamond
chains. Innumerable flower-cups ex-
haled the sweetest fragrance, and the
green velvet plain was like a many-
colored carpet embroidered with
gorgeous flower-garlands. Variegated
butterflies fluttered over the blossoms;
splendid colored birds darted joj'ously
through the branches and trilled
their morning songs; shining beetles
bustled noisily in the grass that
floated and waved in the light zephyrs ;
and the tree-tops rustled with a sweet
song of joy. While thus the sun
moved up in the azure vault, all
nature was like a vast and mighty
temple in which from countless voices
the high hymn of the joy of being
sounded and resounded.

And when the sun went to his rest,
sinking blood-red and bedded upon
clouds of purple and gold, and grad-
ually twilight settled down and only
the highest of the distant mountain-
tops were radiant in soft violet light,
then rest, soft rest was spread over
sleeping nature.

Then rose the golden moon high

264

The Granite Monthly

in the deep blue star-strewn vault
of heaven and poured her veiled light
over the woods and flowery meadows,
and her face beamed mild again out
of the clear, polished mirror of the
watery of the lake.

Ah, what a delightful little spot it
was, so right-worthy to serve the
loving elf-pair for a blessed dwelling
place, so holy, created for the enjoy-
ment of the highest, purest happiness.
Then the elf-king led his tender bride
to the marriage feast. And it was a
feast, the like of which no second has
been celebrated, nor ever will be.
There was every magnificence and
show, jubilation and merriment.
Splendid was the entry of the royal
pair into the kingdom. Leading the
way, there marched many beetles clad
in gold-shimmering coats of mail, and
attended by blue-winged dragon-flies,
and gaily-painted butterflies in fan-
tastic dances about them. After
this came the royal coach made of
gilded shells. This was drawn by
ten milk-white mice. A squirrel sat
as coachman upon the box. Gor-
geous-plumaged Canadian colibris
swarmed about the carriage, likewise
many-colored birds sang sweet love
songs. Innumerable elves in deli-
cate, gorgeous vesture, followed the
coach and sang, as an epithalamium,
the following verses, while they ac-
companied their song with the most
graceful dancing:

Proud let us celebrate in festive dance,
The splendid pair so lovely and bold;
So rich adorned with diamonds and gold,
Let us reverent make them obeisance.

Long live our elfin king, the good, the mild,
Who reigns o'er the elves no mortals see;
How could one happier, blesseder be
In all these flowery fields so wild.

For today with exultant joy doth he bring
Throughout all his kingdom the bride most

divine.
As splendidest jewel in glorious shrine,
As crowning gem in the house of the king.

Hop and spring,

Dance and sing;

High swells the breast

In man so blest.

Dance the ring,

While we sing.

Honor and glory
To this pair so holy.

Bees and wasps, armed with sharp
spears, ended the procession which
advanced to the castle situated upon
a hill. It was built in the light
graceful style of the elves, and was
in every respect worthy of the royal
pair. Broad, marble steps led to
the entrance where two green, varie-
gated serpents kept guard. Lofty,
polished columns of dazzling white-
ness, with capitals of precious stone,
formed broad, airy halls and corridors
and supported a golden dome. The
outside walls were adorned with many
graceful turrets and balconies. All
the apartments impressed one with
their richness and splendor, and
numerous artistic ornaments adorned
the walls.

All around the castle, from which
could be enjoyed a magnificent view
of the lake, the wooded hills and the
distant mountains, extended a large
garden where flower-beds filled with
fragrant blossoms alternated with
groves of shady trees and shrubs, and
soft green meadows. Fountains, in
whose spray the sunlight broke in
many colors, brightened the loveliness
of the enchanting pleasure-garden.

In the castle the marriage was now
celebrated with the greatest pomp.
All the elves were bidden to the table.
This was laden with everything deli-
cious that an elfin tongue could crave,
and virgin honey and blossom-dew
was served in great flower-cups. For
musicians, the cicadas and crickets
played, accompanied by the frogs
with their deep bass, and thousands
of feathered songsters let their love-
liest songs resound. It was won-
drously beautiful — of course only for
elfin ears, for the hearing of men is
not fine enough to lay hold on the
exquisite melody of such a concert.
When the enjoyment was at its
height, the king rose and said:

"Fortune and happiness are entered
here; my highest wish is fulfilled;
I call the loveliest and most beautiful
of all the elves, my own. Fortune

The Idyl of Sqiiam Lake

265

and happiness dwell here forever-
more, to you, my comrades, I p;rant
this, ni3' kingdom, for your abode;
pass here your contented elfin exist-
ence in untroubled ])lessedness. May
the holy tranquility never forsake
these fields. But that also the men
who dwell on the other side of the
mountains should share in our pros-
perity, go, my herald, to them and
proclaim that I will protect and
prosper them, that I will bless their
land with fruitfulness and riches, so
long as they do not overstep the
boundaries of my kingdom, and no
human foot treads upon mv domin-
ion."

Swiftly sped the light-winged mes-
senger from thence to execute the
order of the ruler.

A long while yet the merriment of
the festival lasted, and finally the
king arose and with his queen — who
looked up to her consort lovingly and
clung to him with ardent thanks for
all the favors he had shown her —
withdrew from the guests. They,
however, did not allow themselves
to be disturbed in their pleasure, and
dance and feast lasted the whole
night through, until the dawn an-
nounced the beginning of a new day,
and the cricket musicians, one after
the other grew silent, and the bass
of the frogs became hoarse. The
birds, the singers, had long since
gone early to rest. Finally the last
of the guests left the hospitable castle
and now deep stillness lay over the
Eden that love had created.

Soon the elves settled in every
place where shady groves, bubbling
springs and flowery meadows invited
them to make their habitation. Con-
stant happiness reigned in the elfin
empire; happily the dainty beings
played away their care-free existence;
song and rejoicings sounded from
all the thickets, from all the flower
chalices in which they rocked. It
was a charming sight, when on moon-
light nights the lovely creatures
executed their blithesome, exquisite
dances on the mossy sod.

Nothing disturbed the felicity, the
peace of the glorious valley, over
which the king reigned in mildness
and goodness.

The red men who lived on the other
side of the mountains, and to whom
the king's promise had l)rouglit abun-
dant blessings, guarded themselves
well against violating the command
and stepping over the boundaries of
the elves' kingdom.

But one day there came from a far
distance quite another kind of men to
their abode. The red men received
the strange guests kindly, regaled
them with honey, fish and bear-meat,
and gladly showed them all the favors
that they wished. This highly
pleased the pale-faces, and they
settled in every place where the
region seemed to them suitable to a
settlement. In a short time they set
themselves up to be masters of the
simple children of Nature, drove them
away from their camping-grounds and
woods, and soon the content and
peace that reigned heretofore in the
valleys had disappeared.

Greedy as the pale-faces were, they
let their glances rove wider and de-
manded to know what sort of
country lay over beyond those high,
blue mountains — there must, natu-
rally, be rich profit from game and
timber to be carried off. The fright-
ened red men tried in vain to divert
the curiosity of the intruders. By
their worried demeanor they only
excited it the more. The whites
threatened the poor aborigines with
the hardest punishment if they would
not tell them what kind of a country
it was over the other side of the
mountains, and show them the way
to it. Tremblingly the Indian chief
told what he knew about the kingdom
of the elves, of the promise and the
threat of the king, and besought the
intruders to desist from their purpose,
for to carry it out would bring the
greatest misfortune.

But the whites laughed at the
terror of the Indians, and, armed with
axe and saw, under many difficulties

266

The Granite Monthly

scaled the mountains. From one of
the lofty peaks they looked with
astonishment and admiration into
the glorious valley below, that spread
out like a garden of Eden before their
fascinated gaze. Filled with avarice,
they computed in a trice the riches
that were in the inexhaustible woods
and the fruitful ground, and quickly
descended to take possession of the
land and to change its treasures into
gold.

But as the first blows of the axe
rang and the proud, wide-branched
oak sank groaning to the ground, the
hitherto so serene heavens were cov-
ered with dense, dark clouds that the
light of the sun was not able to pierce
through; gloomy darkness veiled
the fields and forests and spread
grayly over the flowery meadows;
rolling thunder made the mountains
tremble, and pale lightnings only made
the gloom seem blacker. Sorrowful
wailing sounded in the rushing of the
tree-tops, and moaning and wailing re-
sounded from all the woods and groves.

From all sides flew the terrified
elves out of their dwellings thither
and flocked about the beloved royal
pair, who were coming out of the
palace to depart forever from the
beautiful valley. Sadly the king
looked upon his subjects, gazed once
more with grief over the now ruin-
devoted elves' paradise and then he
said to them:

"Our abiding place is no longer
here. The rude hand of man has
dared to invade our sanctuary and to
disturb us in our occupancy; avarice
and envy will now enter here where
in former times sweet peace and inno-
cence were enthroned. Let us depart,
and from here seek another dwelling,
where nature is not desecrated by the
rough rule of covetous men."

With tears, the king and his consort
gave one more look at the old home
so dear to them; then their coach
took them up and carried them
thence; and, lamenting and sighing,
all the elves followed them.

But the lake rose up in waves as
high as a house, and swallowed up
the castle and all the glories that had
adorned the kingdom of the elves.

Forsaken and desolate the valley
seemed now — no joyous shouting and
laughing resounded henceforth from
the groves — even the lovely little
singing-birds had disappeared and
gone with the elves. Covetous men
now ravaged in the almost inexhaust-
ible forests, and the death stillness
that had spread over the valley
was broken only by the shrill creak
of the saw and the hollow clang of
the axe.

Likewise from the valleys of the
red men vanished with one blow all
the blessings that had in former time
so prospered them; the earth lost
her fruitfulness, the springs dried up,
the herds died, and miserably the
occupants prolonged their lives until
they at last utterly perished, so that
now no trace of them is to be found
more. The chief who had betrayed
the way into the elves' kingdom to
the pale-faces — filled with grief and
remorse, — climbed the summit of the
highest of the surrounding mountains,
and threw himself off into the dread-
ful depths.

The elf-valley bears, even today, in
general outlines, the earlier features
which the greed of men has not yet
been able to quite blot out — but the
blessed, tranquil peace, the serene
happiness of earlier days has thence
forever disappeared. Only now and
then, on particularly clear, moonlight
nights, one hears melancholy, grieving
tones wafted through the wood, that
set the soul in a whimsical, tender
mood; for sometimes indeed, yet, an
elf that out of longing is visiting the
place of its old-time felicity, passes
quickly through the trees. And an
elf related this all to the one who tells
the story, as he once rested at the
side of an alder grove on a starlit
night, dreamily gazed on the bright,
full moon, and listened to the soft
plashing of the lake.

THROUGH THE YEAR IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE

By Rev. Roland D. Saivyer

No. 4

June

"What is so rare as a day in June?
Then, if ever, come perfect days."

June days have two moods, half
spring — hatf summer. In the early
days of the month the last blossoms
from the apple-boughs blow into the
furrows of the farmer's garden, the
morning air echoes with the sweet
spring songs of birds, the skies glow
with a spring-time blue above the
newly green foliage. The first two
weeks of the month are the fulfilment
of spring.

Then comes the division and the
latter half of the month ushers us into
summer's heat and joys. Quite often
our hottest weather comes the last
week in June, but whether so or not,
the latter half of June always brings
the summer softness into the air, the
roses burst their buds into clusters
of pink, white and red; the tiny birds,
like warblers. nut-hatches and
thrushes begin their summer songs,
and we know that the fairy-time of the
year has come. The last days hear the
first sounds of the mowing machine
and bring to our nostrils the first
smell of the newlj'-cut hay which all
the month has been the waving fields
of grass. June always finds the grass
tall enough to wave in the wind, and
the gently waving crests of green as
the wind sweeps across the fields give
us a delight of sight that is matched
nowhere save on the rolling waves of
the ocean.

No memories of my New Hamp-
shire boyhood cling to me stronger
than those of late June. Summer was
then upon me, the long evenings were
warm and full of fun, we could see the
coming closing of the schools, our
faces were getting tanned, our feet
toughened to the barefoot life; no

wonder June appeals to the rural lad,
and no wonder my memories of it are
strong.

I like on a June day to go out into
the fields and lay out at full length in
the waving grass. The bees go hum-
ming by, the insects chant within a
foot of my ear, the sun is just agree-
ably hot and not oppressive as it will
be in July; the sky above is a great
inverted bowl of beautiful clear blue;
on these days when the grass is knee-
high we are what I call knee-deep in
June, and it is a joyful time.

These are the days of fulfilment,
the days we have looked forward to
since the sun rose higher in late
February.

In the early hours of the day we get
out into the garden to, like Thoreau,
"hear the hoe tinkle against the stones,
the music echoing to the woods and
sky"; but the midday is sufficiently
hot to make us delight to lay by for a
little and breathe the joys of loafing.
As Walt Whitman puts it, "to loaf
and invite the soul."

The Hail to the Coming Summer

An old New Hampshire saying was
that summer runs from June 20 to
August 20. This is probably very
nearly right, but I like to measure my
calendar when I can, by great historic
events, and so I always say that on
June 17 (the anniversary of the day
when our New Hampshire ancestors
joined with those of Massachusetts at
Bunker Hill to burn the powder that
Langdon and Sullivan had captured
from the British), on this day I like
to walk the fields and climb the hills
and hail the coming summer. The
trees and fields are rich with the
deepest green of the year, the air
quivers with the hum of singing

268

The Granite Monthly

insects, sights, sounds, odors greet us
from all sides, with the message of
summer's coming. How we in New
Hampshire prize these three hottest
months of the year, with what
precious memories of good times of
the past are they laden. It is the
season of the care-free, open-air period

of the year — yes, are there not really
four months of joyous life from the
rich green life of June to the crimson
days of the October miracle. I hope
I shall never die between the first of
June and the first of November, for I
would be cut off in the best season of
the year.

THE FRUITAGE FIELD

By Bela Chapin

The charming days of lovely May
With all the groves in green array

Are come new joy to yield.
The sunshine and descending rain
Hasten the growth of rising grain

In every farmer's field.

How blissful now the sweet perfume
Pervading all the orchard bloom

Of many opening flowers;
From apple, cherry, plum and pear
There comes a fragrance on the air

To bless the spring time hours.

Of all the places on the farm

The fruitage field has most to charm-

'Tis dear as any spot.
Well do I love it in the spring
When many trees are blossoming

Throughout the orchard lot.

And then in days of autumn-tide
What lovely scenes on every side

To glad the heart and please;
Where all around and overhead
Hang luscious apples, rich and red,

Upon the orchard trees.

Claremont, N. H.

EDITORIAL

Politics we have alwaj^s with us in
New Hampshire, and it is a very good
thing that such is the case. No state
ever suffered because its people were
too much interested in their govern-
ment. The one thing to seek is that
the popular interest in politics shall
be an intelligent interest; that party
devotion shall be to party principles
and not to party names; that party
candidates shall have mental and
moral as well as partisan qualifications
for the places which they seek. The
more thoroughly and evenly we can
distribute popular interest in govern-
ment and in politics through all the
months of every year and through
every stratum of our citizenship, the
better it will be for state and nation.

The immediate cause for thought
and speech in this connection is the
fact that Republican party leaders
and editors in New Hampshire already
are urging the name of a native of the
Granite State, General Leonard Wood,
as a candidate for the Republican
nomination for president in 1920.
Under the new presidential primary
law in this state it is provided that
the primary shall take place the
second Tuesday of next March for
the choice of four delegates-at-large,
four delegates, four alternate dele-
gates-at-large and four alternate
delegates to the Republican national
convention and a like number to the
Democratic national convention.

In the towns the primary will be held
in connection with the next annual
town meetings and in the cities it will
constitute a special election. Polls
will be open in the towns for four
hours and in the cities from 3 to 8
p. m. January 9, 1920, will be the date
for the filing of candidacies for this
primary and will mark the formal
opening of the many political activi-
ties which will crowd that year.

It seems very probable at this time
that the delegates and alternates
nominated in the Repubhcan primary

will be chosen as supporters of the
candidacy of General Wood. This
\\ill be partly the result of state pride,
but more, we hope, because a study of
General Wood's career leads to the
belief that he is a worthy man to
become the standard bearer of a great
party and possesses the qualifications
necessary for a great President, if he
should be elected to that office.

General Wood was born in Win-
chester, Cheshire county. New Hamp-
shire, but his parents removed to
Massachusetts while he was still an
infant, so that his native state cannot
have any claim of influence upon his
career. General Wood is a good
soldier. His profession is that of arms
and his professional record is an excel-
lent one. But it is not because a
candidate is a good soldier that he
will be elected to the presidency of
the United States. The duties de-
volving upon our government head as
commander-in-chief of the army of
the United States are not those which
will be most important from 1921 to
1925. It will not be military prob-
lems which the best brains of our
country will be engaged in solving
during those years.

It is matter for congratulation,
therefore, that in presenting General
Wood for the support of the Repub-
licans of New Hampshire, his candi-
dacy need not rest entirely upon
state pride, upon his attractive per-
sonality and upon his military record;
but that his supporters can call atten-
tion to the very valuable constructive
work as an administrator which he
did in Cuba and in the Phihppines at a
critical time; work which shows him
to be possessed of that good judgment
and executive ability which will be
absolutely indispensable qualifications
for the next head of our national
government.

The war is over. It has been fought
and won. It has left behind it tre-
mendous problems. But they are

270

The Granite Monthly

not the problems of continuing or
resuming war. They are the prob-
lems of a renewing, rebuilding, prog-
ress-making peace. They will be to
a large extent financial problems.
And it is none too early for the people
of New Hampshire and of the nation
to begin to think seriously upon the
necessity of filling the high places
within their gift with men whose
patriotism, honesty and ability are
equally certain and conspicuous.
The people are going to say to

Republicans and to Democrats alike
that this critical time in our national
history is no time for petty, parti-
san politics; for placing personalities
above principles; for rewarding the
shrewd self-seeker and forgetting the
man of sincere public service. Never
has it been more necessary to put our
strongest and our best at the helm
and on guard. And we have faith to
believe that our people will see that
this is done in state and in nation at
the elections of 1920.

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

"One Thousand New Hampshire
Notables" is the title given a hand-

H. H. Met calf

some, interesting and valuable volume
of Granite State biography, compiled
and edited by Hon. Henry H. Metcalf,
with the assistance of Miss Frances
M. Abbott, and published by The
Rumford Press, Concord. In general
style of form and content it follows
the well-known ''Who's Who" series,
with this important addition, that
most of the biographical sketches in

the present book are accompanied by
good portraits of their subjects, thus
improving the appearance and increas-
ing the interest of the volume.

No such work ever can be complete.
In the firmament of affairs, even in so
small a state as ours, new stars make
their appearance daily and old ones
fade from sight. But it can be said
with truth that no previous collection
of New Hampshire biography has
come so near to covering the field of
the living as does this volume.

No such work ever was absolutely
correct and doubtless this one will not
be found to achieve this distinction.
In the collection, arrangement, trans-
cribing and printing of a hundred
thousand facts some mistakes are
almost sure to be made, some errors
to escape correction. But Mr. Met-
calf 's experience, exceeding that of
any other living New Hampshire
writer, as a historian, biographer and
editor, and his high reputation for
perseverance in research and for
accuracy of statement, guarantee a
very high percentage of reliability in
his work.

The New Hampshire "notables"
here appearing are men and women
who have done something with their
lives, who have accomplished some-
thing in the world; and this fact
makes the compact statement of their
careers very interesting reading.

Books of New Hampshire Interest

271

But the volume isintended, of course,
to be primarily a work of n^fcronce,
and as such its value to every library,"
public or private, to every business
and professional man, is great. It is
pubhshed at $5, and in addition to
the advance subscriptions which
assured the completion of the work
a limited edition is issued for general
circulation. Any one who is inter-
ested in New Hampshire will find
this work about her men and women
of today as near a necessity as any
book can be.

Although the Rev. Dr. Ozora S.
Davis is a native of Vermont, he has
belonged, in part, to New Hampshire,
ever since he entered Dartmouth
College thirty-four years ago and
became a part of the most productive
period on lines of literatui'e in the
history of that institution. Until he
became president of the Chicago
Theological Seminary in 1909 his
pastorates were of Congregational
churches in New England, and even
now he retains his summer home at
Lake Sunapee and frequently fills a
New Hampshire pulpit during his
supposed-to-be vacation period. For
these reasons, whatever he says or
■^M'ites has an added interest to many
of us, and while his latest book, "The
Gospel in the Light of the Great War,"
is intended priniaj'ily for ministers,
and is a valuable work for them on the
lines of their professional work, it is
"good reading" and very much worth
while for anv one who takes serious

thought as to the effects of the world
conflict on spiritual life. "To define
the great subjects that have been
thrust forward during the last five
years, to show how the vital docu-
ments of the new literature bear upon
them, and chiefly to bring the Bible
into use as a source of text and sub-
ject and illustration is the purpose of
this volume," saj's its author in his
preface. It is published by the
University of Chicago Press at $1.25
net.

Mr. Ernest Vinton Brown, a well-
known New Hampshire newspaper-
man, author of "Worcester Poems,"
had privately printed a limited edition
of another collection of his verse,
taking its title, "The First Easter
Morn," from the initial poem of the
volume. Others of the dozen pieces
chosen for permanence between covers
deal with occasions such as Memorial
Day, Old Home Day, Flag Day and
the Edgar Allen Poe centenarj-; pay
tribute to "The Founders" and to
"Fair Newport"; philosophize as to
Law and Love and Sight and Ques-
tions ; and record the ' ' Edition
Closed":

The form is full. The last line's
locked in place;
The mallet, quoin and apron laid
aside.
Our work is done and so we say,
Good Night,
And leave what we had been before
it died.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS.

Prof. Richard W. Husband, of the
faculty of Dartmouth College, state
war historian, is also the secretary
of the New Hampshire Committee
of Public Safety. Mr. George B.
Upham. Boston lawyer, is an author-
ity upon the history of the Connecti-
cut valley region, in which his family
name long has been prominent. Miss

Mary Jenness is a member of the
faculty of the Concord High School.
Mrs. Annabel C. Andrews of Hudson
and Mrs. Ellen M. Mason of Conway
have been contributors to the Gran-
ite Monthly since its first volume
and Mrs. Mary H. Wheeler of Pitts-
field since the third volume.

BEAR ISLAND

By Mary H. Wheeler

There's a green, woodsy island just out from the land

On Winnepesaukee's bright breast
Where queer little pathways run down to the strand

From camps where the town-weary rest.

There are welcoming wharves reaching outward to meet

The steam-boat with tourists aboard.
There are neat little harbors all snug and complete

Where the motor and row boats are moored.

There's a hill on the island, and musical pines

Attuned to the touch of the breeze.
There are dark shining oaks, there are wild running vines

And all the sweet balsamous trees.

There the strawberry ripens and buttercups glow

And the bunchberry clusters its red,
And the partridge vine creeps in the mosses below

With the pale twin flower sharing its bed.

The birds know the island and come there to nest

At the very beginning of spring
In their summer-bright plumage, the gayest and best,

And they sing, and they sing, and they sing.

O the morn at Bear Island is all of delight

When the sun shines aslant on the lake
And the whole dew-washed landscape is sparklingly bright

And the birds to new rapture awake.

And the sunset — the sunset is wonderful there.

When the clouds over Meredith glow
And the bright hues and blendings in sky and in air

Are mirrored and mellowed below.

Is it true, as they tell us, we all come to be
Like the scenes we contemplate for long —

W^ild, boisterous and rough like the storm-troubled sea
Or like mountain-tops stately and strong?

Then go to Bear Island and breathe the pure air.

By the crystal -clear waters made clean
The turbulent soul will grow placid and fair

And the care-cumbered spirit serene.^

Pittsfield, N. H.

THE BLOOM OF AGE; A TRIBUTE TO MY MOTHER

By G. W. J.

A good woman never grows old.
Years may pass over her head, but if
benevolence and virtue dwell in her
heart, she is as cheerful as when the
spring of life opened to her vision.
When we look upon a good woman,
we never think of her age; she looks
as charming as when the roses of
youth first bloomed on her cheek.
That rose has not faded yet — it will
never fade. In her neighborhood she
is the friend and benefactor; in the
church the devout Christian. Who
does not love and respect the woman
who has passed her days in acts of
kindness and mercy and who has a
smile for every joy. She has been
the friend of man and of God; her
whole life has been kindness, mercy
and love, devotion to truth and relig-

ious duty; always with a prayer for
every misfortune, an encouragement
for every hope. We repeat, such a
woman can never grow old. She will
always be fresh and buoyant in
spirits, and active in deeds of mercy
and benevolence, with a consolation
for every grief, an excuse for every
fault.

"Deal gently with her, Time; the many years
Of life have brought with them more smiles

than tears.
Lay not thy hand too harshly on her now,
But trace decline so slowly on her brow
That (like a sunset of a Northern clime
Where twilight lingers in the summer time,
And fades at last into the silent night,
E'reonemay note the passing of the light)
So may she pass — since 'tis the common

lot-
As one who, resting, sleeps and knows it

not."

LILACS

By Frances Crosby Hamlet

New England Spring! The balmy country air

Is sweet with every wakened, growing thing,

And lilacs far their heavy fragrance fling

On every breeze that idly wanders there.

No joy there is, for me, that can compare, —

No ecstacy that poets love to sing, —

With lilac hedges once again in Spring,

When tree and bush have long been swept and bare.

I know, I think, what Heaven itself will be
If place it is, as many would maintain.
Green April hillsides, after gentle rain,
With endless lilac rows eternally
Abloom in purple, shading into mauve,
The Easter color of triumphant Love!

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

DR. WILLIAM E. LAWRENCE

William Ethan Lawrence. -M.D., born at
Eden, Vt., August 1. 1871, died in Haver-
hill, N. H., April 19, 1919. He was the
eldest of five children of Daniel and Martha
(Brown) Lawrence. Doctor Lawrence was
educated in the public schools of Monkton,
Vt., at Hinesburg (Vt.) Academy, at Beeman

Representatives of 1913; a member of the
board of trustees of state institutions, 1915-
1917; for five terms a member of the Haver-
hill board of education; and at the time
of his death medical referee for Grafton
County by appointment of Governor Henry
W. Keyes.

Doctor Lawrence was a member of the
county, state and national medical societies

The late Dr. William E. Lawrence

Academy, New Haven, Vt., at the University
of Vermont and at the Baltimore (Md.) Medi-
cal College, receiving his degree from the last
named institution. After a course of special
training at the Boston City Hospital, he
located at Worcester, Vt., and there practised
his profession luitil 1903. Since that date he
had resided at North Haverhill and had built
up a large practice in that section.

A staunch Republican in political belief,
Doctor Lawrence was honored with many
public offices and in every instance dis-
charged his duties with fidelity and efficiency.
He was a delegate to the constitutional con-
vention of 1912; a member of the House of

and of the staff of the Woodsville Cottage
Hospital. He was a trustee of the Woods-
ville Guaranty Savings Bank and of Haverhill
Academy. He was a Mason and Odd Fellow
and a man with a very wide circle of friends.
December 1, 1898, he married Miss Edith
Bidwell of Monkton, Vt., who survives him,
with their daughter, Marion A. Lawrence.
He also leaves a mother, Mrs. Martha Law-
rence of Fitchburg, Mass., two sisters, Mrs.
Arden Lawrence of Bristol, Vt., and Miss
Lydia J. Lawrence of Fitchburg, Mass., and
two brothers, Ellsworth C. Lawrence of
Malone, N. Y., and Bert L. Lawrence of
Fitchburg, Mass.

New Hampshire Necrology

275

HENRY A. KIMBALL

Henry Ames Kimball, only son of Ben-
jamin Ames and Myra Tilt on (Elliot) Kimball,
was born in Concord. 0('tol)er 19, 1864. He
was educated in private sciiools and under
tutors both here and abroad. He early be-
came associated with his father in the firm of
Ford and Kimball and was a trustee of the
Merrimack County Savings Bank and a

The late Henry K. Kimball

director of the Mount Washington Railway
Company.

On November 19, 1904, he married Miss
Charlotte A. Goodale of Nashua, N. H., who
survives him.

Mr. Kimball found enjoyment in books and
art in both of which he had cultivated taste.
He was much interested in the French lan-
guage and was well read in the literature and
history of the French people. He had a deep
interest in local historj' and genealogy, and
was a long-tim.e mem.ber of the New Hamp-
shire Historical Society, serving as secretary
for seven years and later as trustee.

The past winter saw the publication of a
scholarly volume, "The John Elliot Family of
Boscawen, N. H."' on which he had spent nuich
painstaking investigation and correspondence.

A spotless Christian gentleman, he recog-
nized the weight of an outward profession of
his faith and in early life became a member of
the South Congregational Chiirch and was a
constant attendant at its services and a faith-
ful supporter of its work. He was especially
interested in the welfare of boys and young
men. Pubjich- he expressed this by work in
the local Y. M. C. A. in which he was for
many years a director, and to which he has

made generous gifts. But no one has a list of
the struggling lads to whom he gave both
financial heliJ and the encouragement of
personal friendliness, and with many of whom
he had kept in touch over a long period of
years. He delighted in friendship and found
no service too great or too small for those
whom he loved, especially in any time of grief
or trouble.

From the last two years he had suffered
from ill health; but since Christmas a slow
but steady improvement gave rise to the hope
of a i)ractical recovery, and since then Mr.
Kimball had l:ieen able to enjoy many of the
pleasures he had so patiently foregone. At
Eastertime, he. went with his father to
Atlantic City, for a much needed rest and his
letters from there gave no hint of the end,
which was preceded by only a few hours of
illness, on May 4.

A dutiful son, a devoted husband, a loyal
and constant friend, and a faithful and
conscientious citizen, his passing is sincerely
mourned by all who had the good fortune to
be beloved by him. R. A. A.

CAREY SMITH

Carey Smith was born in Orange, March
12, 1861, the son of Elijah and EUza (Davis)
Smith, and died at his home in Canaan, April

The late Carey Smith

27, after a long period of ill health. Canaan
was his home cluring practically all of his life
and he was widely known as one of the town's
best and most substantial citizens and ablest
business men. As a young man he displayed

276

The Granite Monthly

a marked liking for mercantile pursuits and
for many years conducted a largely patron-
ized general store. In his later j^ears he be-
came interested in agriculture, carrying on
extended farming operations, and he was
also a successful lumber operator. A Demo-
crat in politics, he served as postmaster during
the two administrations of President Cleve-
land, but consistently declined various prof-
fered nominations by his party for local offices.
He was a Mason and Knight Templar and
Knight of Pythias. September 13, 1891, Mr.
Smith married Lizzie Idella Barney of Canaan,
by whom he is survived, with their one son,
Ned Barney Smith, who, on the day of his
father's death was discharged from the
Ambulance service of his country; one
brother, Alden E. Smith, and a half-sister,
Mrs. Cora B. Smith. Mr. Smith was a man
of staunch convictions, of firm and rugged
character, a kind friend and good citizen,
whose death was deplored by his entire com-
munity.

HINMAN C. BAILEY

Hinman C. BaUey was born in Lisbon,
Feb. 5, 1848, the son of Israel C. and Jane
(Hunt) Bailey, and died at his home on
Pembroke Street, April 22. In early life
he was a professional photographer and pur-
sued that calling for some years in Concord,
later engaging in the art business there and
subsequently in real estate. For several
years he was associated with his brother. Prof.
Solon I. Bailey, at the Harvard astronomical
observatory, Arequipa, Peru, as photographer.
Mr. Bailey was prominent in all branches of
Odd Fellowship, having been grand patriarch
of the state and representative to the sover-
eign grand lodge. He was also a Mason and
a member of the Baker Memorial Methodist
church in Concord. He is survived by a
widow; by a sister. Miss M. Etta Bailey, of
Concord; by two brothers, Prof. Solon I.
BaUey and Dr. Marshall H. Bailey, both of
Harvard college; and by two grandchildren,
Chester and Pauline Lane, of Concord, whose
mother, Mrs. Frank L. Lane, was Mr. Bailey's
daughter.

ALBERT S. WETHERELL

Albert S. Wetherell was born in Norridge-
wock. Me., October 5, 1851, the son of Sam-
uel B. and Althea (Keene) Wetherell, and died
at Exeter April 1. In youth he studied phar-
macy at Boston and since 1873 had been en-
gaged in the drug business at Exeter, serving
many years as chairman of the state board of
pharmacy. He was a long time member of the
Republican state committee and its executive
committee and had been president of the
Rockingham County Republican Club. He
was a member of the House of Representatives
in 1893 and 1895 and of the State Senate in
1901. He was an Odd Fellow and a Unita-
rian; a director of the Exeter Co-operative

Bank and of the Peterborough & Hillsbor-
ough Railroad. He is survived by his widow,
two daughters and one son.

MRS. FANNY E. P. MINOT

Mrs. Fanny Ehzabeth Pickering Minot,
who died in Concord May 4, was born in
Barnstead, the daughter of Hazen and Martha
Ann (Drew) Pickering. She was educated at
the Concord High School and at Wheaton

The late Fanny E. P. Minot

Seminary being the valedictorian of her class
at each institution. May 13, 1874, she
married Captain James Minot, cashier of the
Mechanicks National Bank and subsequently
commander of the Department of New Hamp-
shire, G. A. R., who died November 15, 1911.
Mrs. Minot was a member of the South
Congregational church; national president
of the Woman's Relief Corps, 1904-5; mem-
ber of the Concord board of education since
1908; president of the Concord Woman's
Club, 1904-5; president New Hampshire
Female Cent Institution, 1901-8; president
Concord Female Charitable Society, 1911-15;
member educational committee, General
Federation of Woman's Clubs, 1912-14;
regent Rumford chapter, D. A. R., 1905-8;
president Women's Federation of Women's
Missionary Societies; life member Woman's
Board of Missions; member South Congrega-
tional church, Avon Club, Friendly Club,
Charity Organization Society, District Nurs-
ing Association, Red Cross, National League
for Woman's Service, Wheaton Seminary
Alumnae Association, New Hampshire Histor-
ical Society.

New Hampshire Necrology

277

JAMES H. BATCHELDER

James H. Batchelder, born in Exeter, August
1, isr)(), the son of Nathaniel 1. and Ehzal)eth
(Tuttle) Batehelder, ched there April 6.
From a boy he was connected with the princi-
pal bookstore in the place and for many
years had been its proprietor. Since 1890 he
had conducted the Alpine summer hotel at
North A\'oodstock and he also had property
interests at Socorro, N. M. Music was his
pleasurable avocation and for a long time he
taught successive classes of Phillips Exeter
Academy students the banjo. He is sui-\'ived
by his wife and two sons, James H. Batehelder,
Jr., of Socorro, and Charles H. Batehelder of
Exeter.

REV. WILLIAM P. ISRAEL

Rev. William P. Israel, a native, and during
most of his life a resident, of Portsmouth,
died, April 22, at his summer home at Alton
Bay, aged SO. In youth he followed the sea,
making many foreign voyages, and later he
was one of the founders of the Piscataqua
Navigation Company. He was a successful
inventor. He became an Advent preacher
25 years ago and for a time did evangelistic
work in the South, building an Advent church
at Tampa, Florida. His wife and one sister,
Mrs. Kate McMahon, of Washington, survive
him.

JOHN M. MOSES

On Feb. 21, John M. Moses was found dead
in his bed at his home in Northwood. He had
been active up to the day of his death, which
was due to heart failure. The funeral was
held on the 24th and was attended by friends
and relatives in spite of the almost impassable
roads on that day. Mr. Moses was graduated
from Dartmouth in 1878, was an instructor
for some years at Coe's Academy, and there-
after a farmer in Northwood until his death
at the age of 63. He was highly respected,
not only by his townspeople, but by a large
number of friends and acquaintances through-
out the state. He had held many offices of
trust in the town. For some years he had
devoted a great deal of attention to genealogy
and the early histon,' of southeastern New
Hampshire. He contributed numerous arti-
cles on these subjects to the Granite
Monthly and other publications, and had
unearthed much information not previously
known, so that he had become widely known
as an authority on this line. The records of
the New Hampshire Historical Society have
been considerably enriched by his efforts and
it Ls understood that further results of his
studies will be deposited there in accordance
with his wi.shes. His death is a loss not only
to his townspeople but to all students of New

Hamj^shire history. He was a member of the
Piscataqua Pioneers and of the New Hamp-
shire Historical Society.

DR. D. S. DEARBORN

Darius S. Dearborn, M.D., bom in North-
field, January 4, 1834, the son of Captain
David and Nancy (Clay) Dearborn, died at
the home of his birth April 26. He attended
Tilton Seminary, Francestowii Academy,
Dartmouth Medical College and New^ York
Medical College in the intervals of school
teaching. He first practised his profession in
Illinois, returning to New England in 1875.
He was located at Brookline for four years
and afterwards, until his retirement, in Mil-
ford.

REV. C. H. HANNAFORD

Rev. Charles Harding Hannaford was born
in Northfield, February 4, 1835, the son of
Amos Cross and Hamiah (Lyford) Hanna-
ford. He studied at the New Hampshire
Conference Seminary, Tilton, graduating in
1857, and was licensed to preach at Webster,
Mass., in the Methodist conference in 1858.
He held various pastorates in Massachusetts
up to 1903 W'hen he was made agent of the
Massachusetts Anti-Saloon League, retiring
some 10 j^ears since. He died April 22 at
the home of his son in Lancaster, Mass.

DR. NOMUS PAIGE

Dr. Nomus Paige was born in Wentworth,
March 26, 1840, the son of Joseph and Pame-
lia (Ellsworth) Paige, and died at Taunton,
Mass., April 16. He was educated at Kim-
ball Union Academy and the Dartmouth
Medical College and had practised his pro-
fession at Taunton since 1863. He served in
the city council and was the founder of the
city's municipal lighting plant. In the
Massachusetts Medical Society he had held
many offices. He was a member of St.
Thomas Episcopal Church. His wife sur-
vives him with one son, Russel C. Paige of
Taunton, and one daughter, Mrs. Katharine
Colby (Paige) Leach, wife^of Major Eugene
W. Leach of Concord.

CHARLES T. HENDERSON

Charles T. Henderson, born in Dover,
February 14, 1841, the son of the late Cap-
tain Samuel and Sarah (Guppey) Henderson
died there, April 8. For very many j-ears he
was in the grocery business, was a veteran
member of the fire department and served
his ward as alderman in the city government.
He was a public-spirited and generous citizen.
One brother, William C. Henderson, survives
him.

278

The Granite Monthly

DR. NICHOLAS E. SOULE

Dr. Nicholas E. Soule, who had been for
many years the oldest living graduate of Har-
vard University and of Phillips Exeter Acad-
emy, died at Exeter, March 26. He was born
in 1825 at Exeter, where his father, Prof. Gid-
eon Lane Soule, was principal of Phillips Acad-
emy. From that institution he graduated in
1838, from Harvard in 1845, from the Harvard
Medical School in 1848 and from post-
graduate work at the University of Pennsyl-
vania in 1851. He practiced medicine in
Cincinnati, Ohio, for a time, and served in
the LTnited States Sanitary Commission
during the Civil War; but most of his long
life was spent in teaching.

CHARLES H. MANNING

Captain Charles H. Manning, born in
Baltimore, Md., June 9, 1844, of New Eng-
land ancestry, died in Manchester, April 1.
He graduated from the Lawrence Scientific
School of Harvard University in 1862, served
an apprenticeshij) in the marine machine
works in Baltimore and in 1863 volunteered
for the Navy, serving for the remainder of the
Civil War. He was an inspector at the
Annapolis Naval Academy for a time and for
eighteen years afterward was in active
service. He became chief engineer of the
Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in 1882,
holding the position until 1914, when he
resigned to enjoy private life. At the out-
break of the Spanish-American War he
volunteered and was in charge of the Govern-
ment Naval Station at Key West, Fla. For
twenty-eight years he was a member of the
Manchester Board of Water Commissioners,
serving much of the time as chairman of the
board, and was also a memljer of the school
board for a long period. He married Miss
Fanny Bartlett, sister of Maj.-Gen. William
F. Bartlett of Massachusetts. Mrs. Manning
died in 1915. He leaves two sons, Robert L.
Manning and Charles B. Manning, both of
Manchester.

ponyi, Hungarian peace advocate, to visit
America. A student l^oth of domestic and
international educational problems. Doctor
Dutton was a trustee and treasurer of the
Constantinople College for Women and the
Canton Christian College. He was the
author of several volumes on education. His
last important work was as executive secre-
tary of the American Committee for Armenian
and Syrian Relief.

EDWARD M. SMITH

Edward M. Smith, born in Alstead, Feb-
ruary 6, 1838, died there March 13. The
son of Alden and Lurinda (Partridge) Smith,
he was educated at the Alstead High School
and studied law with Dearborn & Scott at
Peterborough and in the Albany (N. Y.) Law
School, from which he received the degree of
LL.B. He had practiced in Alstead since 1863
and had settled a great number of estates.

SAMUEL T. DUTTON

Samuel Train Dutton, educator, i)hi-
lanthropist and worker for world peace, who
died at Atlantic City, N. J., March 28, was
born in Hillsborough, October 16, 1849. He
graduated from Yale in 1873 and was super-
intendent of schools in New Haven, Conn.,
and Brookline, Mass., until 1900, then joining
the faculty of the Teachers College, Columbia
University, of which he was professor emer-
itus at the time of his death. He served as
secretary of the New York Peace Society,
executive secretary of the World's Court
League, chairman of the executive committee
of the National Arbitration and Peace Con-
gress and member of the International Com-
mission on the Balkan War. During a trip
to Hvmgary in 1911 he induced Count Ap-

The late Edward M. Smith

He was tax collector eleven years, chairman
of the town school ])oard seven years and
member of the House of Representatives in
1889. In addition to his law practice he was
engaged in the insurance business.

GEORGE WINCH

George Winch, whose lifework was that of
headmaster in Manchester schools, died in
that city March 29, aged 61. He was a
native of Langdon and in addition to his
educational duties was prominent in Boy
Scout and other religious and philanthropic
work and in Odd Fellowship, being a trustee
of the state Odd Fellows' Home.

New Hnmpf^hire Necrology

279

KENYON COX

Kenyon Cox, fjiinovis paintcM", and one of flic
oaily moiiibors of the artist colony at ('ornisli,
(Licti in Now Wn-k City, March 17. He was
horn at W'arrrn, (Miio, (October 27, ISf)!), and
studic'tl art in Cincinnati, Philadelphia and
I'aris. lie held honorary deforces from Vale,
Oberliri, and Dartmouth and was the author
of a number of books upon paintmg and
scul]>ture. His work was larfiely i)()rtraits,
fijjure picM'Os and nuu'al decorations, for which,
in liUO, he won the Architectural Leaijue's
medal of honor. He married, June )](), 1S92,
Louise Howland King.

RALPH C. GRAY

l{ali)h C. Gray, representative in the
Legislatures of Ulla and 1919 from Ward
Two, Portsmouth, died, March 16. ,He was
born in Portsmouth, October 81, ,lSS(i, and
after attending the local schools studied law
with .bulge Krne.st L. Ciui)till and was ad-
mitted to the l)ar. In the ])resent House he
was ;i member of the Judiciary Committee.
Mr. Gray was a member of the Knights of
Pythias, Sons of Veterans, Patrons of Hus-
bandry, New Hamjishire Bar Assocuation and
Piockiiigh.-im County Hei)ublic;in Cluli. He
is siu'\i\('d by his mother.

FRED S. JOHNSON

Fred S. Johnson, chief clerk in the office of
the state fish and game (iommission, died at
his home in Concord, March 23. He was
born ill that city August 15, 1854, and after
graduating from the Concord High School
engaged in the harness business with his
father for many years. He was a member of
the House of Representatives in 1S99 and
Deputy Cnited States Marshal, 1906-1914.
He was jirominent in Odd Fellowship, and was
also a Ma.son antl Patron of Husbandry. At
one time he was captain of the Alert Hose
Comi)aiiy in the Concoi'd Fire Department.
His wile siu'vives him.

DR. EUGENE N. MULLINS

Dr. Eugene N. Mullins, born at Manches-
ter, January 28, 1851, the son of Simon and
Harriet (Cheney) Mullins, died at Baldwins-
ville, Mass., March 20, from a nervous
trouble brought on by overwork during the
grij) epidemic. Doctor Mullins was educated

at Pinkerton Academy, Derry, at the* Dart-
mouth Medical ('ollege and at Bellevue Hos-
l)ital. New ^'ork. l'\)r 35 years he had prac-
ticed at Baldwinsville, where he conducted a
hospital for the treatment of cancer in which
he specialized.

MRS. SUSAN F. COLGATE

Mrs. Susan Farnum Colgate, born in New
London, Ai)ril 21, 1817, died at Yonkers,
N. \., March 22. She was the daughter of
Governor Anthony C'olby and was educated
ill tlie academies at New London and New
liainpton, of both of which she was later lady
principal. February 19, 1851, she married
at New London, James B. Colgate, New
^ ork financier, the founder of Colgate Uni-
versity. Mrs. Colgate was an active and
litieral supporter of many religious, charita-
ble and educational institutions and an officer
of various societies on the.se lines.

JOHN M. MOSES

John Mark Moses, formerly a contributor
to the CiRAXiTE Monthly, was found dead in
bed from heart failure at his home in North-
wood, February 21. He was born in Elpsom,
August 2, 1855, the son of Mark Sherburne
and Mary Abigail (Towle) Moses, and pre-
pared at Coe's Academy, Northwood, for
Dartmouth College, where he graduated in
1878 with Phi Beta Kappa honors. After
teaching for a few years at Coe's Academy he
became a farmer and so continued throughout
his life. He was a member of the New Hamp-
shire Historical Society, of the Piscatacjua
Pioneers ami of the Theta Delta Chi college
fraternity.

ALFRED K. HAMILTON

Alfred Kittredge Hamilton, youngest son
of Irenus and Mary P'sther (Kittredge) Ham-
ilton, was born October 31, 1840, in Lyme,
and died December 20, 1918, at National
City, CaL, where he had gone for his health.
Mr. Hamilton was a graduate of Kimball
Union Academy, Meriden, and of Dartmouth
College, class of 1863. Since 1883 he had
been a resident of Milwaukee, Wis., one of its
most prominent business men and the holder
of many responsible positions. In 1897-98
he was president of the general alumni asso-
ciation of Dartmouth.

Today's News Today

THE MANCHESTER

UNION AND LEADER

Is now and has been for
over 50 years the largest and
best daily in the state.

Larger combined circulation
than all other dailies in New
Hampshire.

TWO CENTS EVERYWHERE

$5.00 a year by mail

THE UNION-LEADER PUBLISHING CO.

Manchester, New Hampshire

The Best That Can Be Had In Printing

PRINTING
BINDING

PHOTO-
ENGRAVING

RUMFORD PRESS concord, new Hampshire

After a continuous observation of spectacle
wearers' experiences for many years, we can say
that few have any serious eye trouble who con-
tinuously wear our glasses.

Brown & Burpee

OPTOMETRISTS

MANCHESTER

CONCORD

MR. ARTHUR EMMONS PEARSON

The Granite Monthly

Vol. LI

JULY, 1919

No. 7

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S MEMORIAL AT VALLEY

FORGE

By Hobart Pillsbury

New Hampshire is honored and the
memory of her Revolutionary patriots
perpetuated in beautiful fashion by
the erection of the New Hampshire
bay in the Cloister of the Colonies at
the Washington Memorial Chapel at
Valley Forge, Pa. This is on the
scene of the Valley Forge encamp-
ment which General Washington's
army endured in the winter of 1777
and 1778 when the fortunes of the
Revolutionary government were at
low ebb and the patriotism of the
colonists met its greatest test.

The state is indebted for this
memorial to Arthur E. Pearson of
West Newton, Mass., a son of Wil-
liam H. Pearson who was born and
reared in Lancaster, N. H. The
dedication took place with elaborate
ceremony on Memorial Day in the
presence of several hundred people,
and a dedicatory party from New
England.

The bay adjoins the chapel and
two of the doors open into it. These
are objects of great interest on ac-
count of their commemoration and
their high artistic worth. The one
which opens from the nave of the
chapel is the President's door, given
by the Society of New York State
Women to commemorate Washing-
ton's first inauguration as President
of the United States. The choir door
was given by Mrs. George Alfred
Fletcher, of Philadelphia, in memory"
of her husband and to commemorate
Francis Hopkinson, the poet and
musician of the Revolution. Both

and

doors are of oak, richly carved,
the iron work is of rare beauty.

The New Hampshire bay is built of
Holmesburg granite and Indiana
limestone. In the marble floor is set
a large brass reproduction of the
colonial seal, while the state arms are
carved in the oak ceiling. The in-
scription, written by Mr. Pearson, is
cut in the structural stone, as follows:

In the name of God. Amen.

In tribute to the Loyalty and the Sacrifice
of the Troops of the Province of New Hamp-
shire in the Continental Army during the
Winter Encampment of 1777-1778. In
grateful Recognition of the Devotion and the
Service of the Sons and Daughters of the
Province who contributed by word or act
toward the establishment of American Inde-
pendence and in Loving Memory of Amos
Pearson, John Benjamin, Ensign Joshua
Barron, Lieuteiiant Jonathan Derby, David
Page, Emmons Stockwell and David Green-
leaf, Soldiers of the Revolutionary Forces,
this bay is erected by Arthur Emmons Pear-
son. 191.5. Nil Desperandum Christo Duce.

The Rev. W. Herbert Burk, D.D.,
conducted the service of dedication,
in which the vested choir of the chapel
and Company 21, United Boys Brig-
ade of America, from Oak Park
LTnited Presbyterian Church of Phila-
delphia, under the command of Dr.
Robert A. Taylor, took part. Arthur
Emmons Pearson, the donor of the
bay, made the presentation and in the
course of his address paid a tribute to
Dr. Burk, the founder of the chapel.
The bav was formallv accepted bv the
Rt. Rev. Thomas J. "^Garland, S.t.D.,
Bishop Suffragan of the Diocese of
Pennsylvania, who called attention

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S MEMORIAL AT VALLEY FORGE

Courtesy of the Manchester Union

New Hampshire's Memorial at Valley Forge

285

to the relation between New Hamp-
shire and Pennsylvania in state and
church. The first bishop of New
Hampshire was consecrated in Christ
Church. Philadelphia. After Dr.
Burk read the inscription the bay was
dedicated by Bishop Garland.

At the request of Governor Bart-
let t who was in Claremont on Memo-
rial Day and delivered an address
there, the writer was privileocd to
attentl the A'alley Forge dedication
and express the appreciation of the
state of Mr. Pearson's gift. The
address of the occasion was delivered
by Dr. Samuel A. Eliot of Cambridge,
Mass., president of the American Uni-
tarian Association and a son of the
former head of Harvard University.

Dr. Eliot described, in his eloquent
manner, the privations which New
Hampshire troops under Generals
John Sullivan, Enoch Poor and Alex-
ander Scammell endured at Valley
Forge. He said that New Hampshire
has ever}' reason to feel pride in the
part her sons took throughout the
Revolutionary struggle.

]Mr. Pearson arranged a charming
party for the dedicatory exercises,
the members of which accompanied
him to Valley Forge. The party
consisted of the Rev. Dr. Eliot, ]\Iiss
Eliot, his daughter; William H. Pear-
son of Newton, ]Mass., father of the
donor; Miss Nella J. Pearson of
Newton, sister of the donor; Otis G.
Hammond of Concord, superintend-
ent of the New Hampshire Historical
Society; Judge Oscar A. Marden and
!Mrs. Marden of Stoughton, Mass.;
Walter K. Watkins of Maiden, Mass.,
former historian-general of the na-
tional society of the Sons of the Amer-
ican Revolution; Dr. George H.
Talbot and ]Mrs. Talbot of Newton;
Mrs. Hannah S. H. Wiswall of Wel-
lesley, Mass.; George F. Larcom and
Mrs. Larcom of Newton, ]Mass.;
Miss Henrietta Rockwood of Boston,
Mass.; Dr. Susan M. Coffin of Boston,
Mass.; Miss Helen P. Warren of
Newton, Mass.; the Misses Clara C.
Hewins and Josephine Hewins of

Dedham, Mass.; Edward L. Pearson
of Brockton, Mass.; Thomas N.
James and ]\Iiss Mildred E. James of
New York City; Airs. Frances C.
Dale of Cold-Spring-on-the-Hudson,
N. Y., and Hobart Pillsbury of
IManchester.

It will undoubtedly interest the
people of New Hampshire to be
informed of the* personality of the
man who has done so much to honor
New Hampshire and New Hamp-
shire's patriotic services. Mr. Pear-
son is a resident of West Newton,
Mass., and a paper manufacturer of
the firm of Hollingsworth and Whit-
ney Company. His family came from
Lancaster, N. H., and he considers
himself something of a Granite State
Son. Besides being successful in bus-
iness, ]\Ir. Pearson for many years has
been interested in the history of our
country, particularly of the Colonial
and Revolutionary War periods.

His ancestors were John Pearson,
one of the early settlers of Lynn,
Mass., and John Benjamin of Cam-
bridge and Watertown, Mass., and of
their 4,000 descendants Mr. Pearson
has compiled a genealogical record.
He belongs to the Sons of the Ameri-
can Revolution and was liberal in his
gifts toward the erection of the
Massachusetts bay at Valley Forge in
1909. The John Benjamin referred
to was a soldier for seven years in the
Continental Arm^' and his powder
horn is in the collection of Revolution-
ary relics at Valley Forge museum.
Two years ago Mr. Pearson gave to
the museum a letter written by
George Washington which had long
been in his possession. About the
same time he gave, in connection with
his sister, the New Hampshire state
panel in the ceiling of the Wasliington
chapel.

When Senator Henrj^ W. Keyes w^as
governor, ]\Ir. Pearson presented to
him a whip which was made and used
by Daniel Webster. The governor pre-
sented it to the New Hampshire Histor-
ical Society in whose collection it may
be seen today, appropriately^ mounted.

286

The Granite Monthly

Unitarians of New Hampshire are
familiar with Mr. Pearson's bene-
factions in that denomination. He
estabHshed the Pearson Foundation
of the American Unitarian Associa-
tion whicli provides for a perpetual

series of addresses to "complete
mutual understanding and helpful-
ness between the people of all denom-
inations and creeds." The first such
address was delivered by President
Emeritus Eliot of Harvard last year.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

Hobart Pillsbury, deputy secre-
tary of state, is also one of New
Hampshire's best known and most
readable and reliable journalists.
George H. Sargent, the Bibliog-
rapher of the Boston Transcript, is an
authority of national repute upon his
specialty, as well as a most entertain-
ingwriter. Asa Currier Tilton, Ph.D.,
curator of the war collection in the
University of Wisconsin, takes an

active and valuable interest in the
history of New Hampshire which is
explained in part by his birth in Ray-
mond and his preparation at Phillips-
Exeter for Yale. Rev. Dr. Sullivan
H. McCollester is one of our state's
oldest and best known clergymen,
scholars, travelers and writers. Our
poets of this month are New Hamp-
shire men of varied type, Mr. Cleaves,
a clergyman, Mr. Bugbee, a banker,
Mr. Claflin, a representative of peri-
odicals, Mr. Weston, a farmer.

THE PROFESSOR'S GRAVE

By Perley R. Bughee

Slowly the sun was sinking in the west.
As I strolled to his place of rest.
An humble lot and a simple stone.
All he claimed for his own.
On earth's rounded green promontory,
"An episode in love's eternity."

Are God's acres forsaken

When mortals are taken?

The tall pines are whispering low.

The white birches, — echoing, — "No."

Amid the grasses green

Spirits in the dew are seen.

On guard, Monk, of former years
At his side, Geist, in tears
Classes eighty-three to nineteen-ten
Gathering round and round them,
"Who being dead, yet speaketh"
In books, Dartmouth keepeth.

Note — Professor Charles F. Richardson, Winkley Professor of Anglo-Saxon and English
Language and Literature at Dartmouth College, 1882-1911, is buried in the beautiful cemetery
at Hanover, and few returning graduates of the college fail to visit the resting place of one
whom they loved and revered. In life his faithful canine companions were the great St. Bern-
ard, Monk, and the little Dachsund, Geist.

THE CENTENARY OF THE ANDOVER PRESS

Tlie AYork of a Pioneer Printer Whose Imprints Now Rank
Among the Rarities Soiiglit by Book Collectors

By George H. Sargent

In the annals of printing in New
Hampshire there is no single chapter
more worthy of consideration than
that which relates to the early press
of Andover, which is entitled to cele-
brate its centenary this year and
month. The press has always been
the pioneer of civilization. The Cath-
olic missionaries of Spain, whose task
was to turn the natives of Mexico to
Christianity, enhsted the services of
Juan Cromberger, a printer from
Seville, who in 1539 printed the first
book produced in America, a ''Spirit-
ual Ladder for the Ascent into
Heaven." The Pilgrims of Plymouth,
within ten years of the landing of the
Mayjlower, had set up a press at
Cambridge, and in 1840 produced the
first book issued in what is now the
United States — the Bay Psalm Book
printed by Stephen Daye. Daniel
Fowle, who had been confined in a
Boston "stinking stone Gaol" for
illegal printing, suffering "A Total
Eclipse of Liberty," came to New
Hampshire and in 1756 printed his
Good News from a Far Country,
Jonathan Parsons' sermon. Isaiah
Thomas, the famous Worcester printer,
spread his activities upon the Connec-
ticut and presses sprang up at Walpole
and other places along the natural
lines of travel.

But the pioneer press of Andover
was the product of the holy zeal that
filled the missionaries of Mexico and
the psalm-singing Pilgrims. In the
annals of that town the name of Ebe-
nezer Chase does not receive the rec-
ognition it deserves. Captains of
industry, eminent lawyers and profes-
sional men who have gone out from
the movmtain-girt hamlets of Andover,
are given pages of the town's annals.
The hard-working, many-sided minis-
ter of the gospel who spread the doc-

trines of the Christian religion, the
tenets of Free-Masonry and the light
of knowledge by means of the printing
press, should receive his due.

The introduction of printing in a
young and rural community like that
of Andover in 1819 was no small
undertaking. The more remarkable
does it appear when it is considered
that the pioneer printer of Andover
brought no printing press from an old
community and was not a practiced
compositor and pressman. His press
was of his own construction, and he
was self-taught in the mysteries of the
''black art." If his early productions
are crude, it is not to be wondered at;
rather the wonder is that he was able
to produce as good work as he did.
Beside these handicaps, the commu-
nity in which he had settled was one
in which most of the people were en-
gaged in a hard struggle for existence
with the forces of nature, with little
time for the gospel of "sweetness and
light." In winter the roads were
often blocked; transportation at the
best was slow, and the difficulty of
pvitting his finished product before
the outside world might well have
daunted a stronger soul.

But Ebenezer Chase was of the stuff
of which martyrs are made. Born '
May 19, 1785, he began to preach in
1807. In August, 1810, at the age of
twenty-five, he was ordained an evan-
gelist at East Andover. For several
years he Avas pastor there of the
Free- Will Baptist denomination. The
church, like most others in New Hamp-
shire towns, had varying fortunes,
and in 1819-20, as a result of a great
"revival," the Christian Baptist
Church took many of the members of
the Free-Will branch. With these
religious diiferences, however, we have
nothing to do. The energetic minis-

288

The Granite Monthly

Jt-'i

^MS^

iil&J'^^

BOOKS

OF VARIOUS KUVDS ARE

constantly for sale at ^ JS'Oak'Siare

of EBENEZER CHASJE,

ANDOVIlR, n. h.

Amongst which are KUce^lar^ #^
and siirall ;. Hynan Books of various ""
kinds^ Te9ta;fnant9, Dictionaries Hia-
to'*ies, Voyages, Tra^els^ B^Q^aus^
Books, &c. &C.

Printing will be emeuttS ut ffie
^Trementiofwd placa, at the Nuttiest
notice, and on^me most' .pef[iimffhJ&

JLSO,

Clocks and Watches repaired end
WARRAJSTTEJ).

Ebenezer Chase's Advertisement of a Hundred Years Ago

ter of the first Free-Will Baptist
Church had in the meantime become
interested in printing and it is his
fortunes as a printer, rather than as a
fisher of men, that we are to follow.

Stephen Dave's first press, the
father of all in this country, is still

preserved as a proud New
Hampshire possession. Of
Ebenezer Chase's home-
made press we know little,
and it long since went into
the junk-heap. Undoubt-
edly it was of the flat platen
variety, and the knowledge
that it had a "receiving
screw" gives us no clue to
its construction. The
printer, however, had a
variety of types which
formed a very respectable
assortment for the press of
such a small place, although
he seems to have started
with second-hand material.
Considering the equipment,
his work is really of surpris-
ing quality. The ambitious
project which he launched
almost at the start is of the
same character as that of
Gutenberg, who at the very
invention of printing from
movable types produced
the whole Bible.

On July 20, 1819, there
appeared from the press in
Andover The Religious In-
Jormer, edited and pub-
lished by Ebenezer Chase,
who was also compositor
and pressman. It was a
sixteen-page monthly mag-
azine, of octavo size, printed
in double columns. Ac-
cording to Jacob B. Moore,
the New Hampshire his-
torian, the original sub-
scription list was of 110
persons. Writing in 1829
Mr. Moore stated that the
subscription list afterwards
increased to nearly 800.
"The paper," he says, "is,
devoted to the dissemination of the
principles of the denomination to
which he belongs, and is as well ex-
ecuted as some of the country prints
where we may suppose the publishers
have been regularly educated in the
art." A footnote to this statement,

The Centenary of the Andover Press

289

which appears in the first volume of
New Hampshire Historical Collection,
adds that "Mr. Chase has removed
his printing apparatus to Enfield, and
there, until recently, published his
Informer and also a Masonic paper
called the Casket."

The vicissitudes of the Religious
Informer may be followed through the
pages of its rare volumes. With Vol-
ume 3, No. 6. for June, 1822, a sub-
heading appears under the title : "and
Free-Will Baptist Register." The
monthly was issued in Andover up to
]May, 1823, when a notice appears:

"Published monthly in Enfield,
N. H.. at 60 cents a year. All letters
must be directed to the Editor, viz.,
Ebenezer Chase, Postmaster, An-
dover, N. H."

In the June number of that year
readers are informed that '' The editor
has removed to Enfield, N. H., and is
appointed Post Master in said town,
consequently hereafter all letters must
be directed to Ebenezer Chase, P. M.,
Enfield, N. H."

The January (1823) number con-
tains an announcement of the publi-
cation of the first number of the
Masonic Casket, to be issued once in
two months, each number to contain
thirty-two pages. Six numbers were
to make a volume, and the price was
one dollar a volume, exclusive of
postage. ''The money is to be paid
on receiving the third number."

In October of that year an event of
importance in the history of printing
in New Hampshire occurred. The
editor informed his subscribers that
"after considerable labor & expense he
has recently obtained some music type
from Phila. and intends hereafter to
print occasional peices (sic) of music
in the Informer; especially the tunes
to the hymns that are published in it.
He presumes this cannot but be very
pleasing to those who practice singing
and though some have not voices to
sing it is very seldom that any one
can be found, who do (sic) not dehght
to hear Music, and having the tunes
to the Hymns published they can be

priveleged with hearing them sung,
as well as with reading the Hymns
themselves."

Substantial proof follows in the
form of three pages of words and music
of "The Pilgrim's Farewell." The
readers of the Masonic Casket were
similarh' entertained in the columns
of that publication.

Despite these efforts to please, how-

Concise and Brief Journal ofths

late WAR

with
TO WHICH IS ADDED

A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE WAR WITH

ALGIERS.

The whole interspersed with Topw,

Also^

A Military and naval
Chronological Table op

THE EVENTS OF OTHER NaTIONS,

Compiled chiefly from officlil
Documents.

By JY. J, T, George, '
Author of the ^^ Creek Indian War ,**
*^JYarrative of Distressing Ship-
wrecks^'' &lc.

Title Page of One of the Rarest of War Histories

ever, the Religious Informer was not
sufficiently appreciated. In January,
1825, thfi editor gives notice that he
"expects to journey considerably this
winter" and concludes to "omit the
publication of the next Informer un-
til the last of March, when the num-
bers will be printed oftener." Febru-
ary and March, however, appeared
with those dates, although probably
not issued until some time in the latter

290

The Granite Monthly

month or possibly April, as "The
editor, having been absent, answers to
several communications which have
been delayed until now."

Unlike the magazines of today,
which often carry far more advertising
than text, the Religious Informer de-
pended wholly for financial returns
upon its subscriptions, which were

financial straits. The editor admitted
in his publication that he owed the
paper-maker more than $200 and
subscribers owed him more than $400,
a condition of solvency which was not
thoroughly satisfactory. He laid the
matter before the elders' conference,
as he felt he must cease publication,
but they recommended a quarterly at

COLLECTION OF

HYMNS

TOJi THE USE OF THE MERRY
eHm.^TIJJ\\ .^,YD FOR THE COAf.
2^VJRTIJ\G OF MGURA'ERS IJy ZIOX

— <'i;--^;':"-A-::J-:x■•;;c•i:f-^:f*v;f••^:fi:«-::f•«>—
BY WILLIAM COUCH.

"^matn ^JJc -'A ^- ^!«^ - 'i- -'i-t*£. >•£. ^'^ ^*£. *•' *'t

*■** '«v *■,*

Is any merri^.? Jet hi7Ti sing psalms. 4amts n 13*

ANDOVER, N. H.

Prin fed hy Ehcn ezer Chase^

For the Compiler.

1819.

Title Page of One of the First Books Printed in Andover

offered at rates that in these war
times must be considered ruinous. It
carried no advertising except that of
its publisher, who in one number
announces, "Garden seeds for sale at
this office," and occasionally mentions
his other periodical venture, although
singularly silent about the books he
printed. Under such conditions the
future of the publication could be
foreseen by an experienced publisher.
By November, 1825, the paper was in

twenty-five cents a year, five "sets"
to be sold at one dollar a year and
eleven sets for $2. The December
number did not come out until the end
of that month, and stated the new
conditions of publication. The end
was now plainly in sight and the Relig-
ious Informer passed into the hereafter
of defunct publications — the treasure-
rooms of great libraries and historical
societies.

Eastman's History of Andover is in

The Centenary of the Andover Press

291

error in crediting Chase's Masonic
publication, the Casket, to that town.
The first number was issued in Enfield,
and its publication was continued
there, from January-February, 1823,
until November, 1825, when it is an-
nounced, after apologies for various
lapses in issues, delays until the end of
the month and appeals for payment
of arrears, that "Dr. Sylvester T,
Goss of Haverhill, N. H., proposes to
continue the work.''

It is by no means certain, however,
that the Religious Informer was the
first printing done in Andover. In-
deed, there is internal evidence to
show that as early as July 20, 1819,
Mr. Chase had been printing, if he
had not actually published, two works
which are now literally worth their
weight in gold. In neither of these,
as in other works, is there reference to
the Religious Informer. Of one of
these only a single copy is known to
exist. Of the other, apart from the
immaculate copy preserved in the
library of the New Hampshire His-
torical Society, probably not more
than two or three copies have survived.
The Historical Society's treasure-trove
is a volume of vest-pocket size entitled :

A
Concise and Brief Journal of the
Late WAR
with
GREAT-BRIT-
AIN,
To which is Added
A short account of the war with

ALGIERS.
The whole interspersed with Top-
ographical and Statistical Ta-
bles, and plans of battles.
Also,
A Military and Naval
Chronological Table of
the events of other Nations,
Compiled chiefly from official
Documents.

By N. J. T. George,

Author of the "Creek Indian War,"

"Narratives of Distressing Shii>

TVTecks, &c.

This bears no Andover imprint on
the title, but at the end is the modest

statement "Andover, N. H., Printed
by E. Chase for the compiler." The
word "compiler" is used advisedly,
for the serious student of American
history will find httle in the pages of
this rare volume to add to his knowl-
edge of this period of the nation's
military and naval achievements.
The first sixty-two pages are occupied
by an introduction, and the "Journal
of the late War," in four parts,
headed "Campaign I, 1812," twelve
pages; "Campaign, etc., 1813," nine-
teen pages; "Campaign, etc., 1814,"
twenty pages; "Campaign, etc., 1816"
(sic), tAvelve pages. Then follow a
couple of pages of " A short Account of
Our Late and Glorious War with
Algiers"; "A Chronological Table of
the Military and Naval Events of
Other Nations," fourteen pages, and
a poem of three pages, "Capt, Jones'
victory, or the Capture of the Frolic."
Slight as is its contribution to his-
tory, this little addition to the litera-
ture of the War of 1812, toward which
many book collectors are now giving
attention, would undoubtedly bring a
high price in the auction room. The
important historical works on the
subject maj' be secured with much
more ease than can the productions of
the early provincial presses. This
little Andover book is of exceeding
scarcity, none of the great libraries
possessing it, and none of the great
collections of Americana dispersed
in the auction rooms in the last
quarter-century having contained a
copy. Its author appears to have
been a young man of Thornton,
N. H., who had the scribbler's itch,
and the Andover publisher must have
appeared to him as an angel. Yet so
insecure is 'fame that the author's
name is not given correctly in the
History of Andover, though possibly
through a misprint. At best, only a
few copies could have been printed,
and the character of the pubhcation
was not such as to create a wide de-
mand, while the disadvantages under
which the publisher labored served to
limit the circulation. Whatever the

292

The Granite Monthly

causes, the "Journal oj the Late War''
is now almost a "lost book."

Another publication, of which only
one copy is known, that being in the
possession of Mrs. Marcia C. C. Hil-
ton of East Andover, is a small sexto-
decimo, bound in oak boards with
leather back, and is dated 1819, but
contains no reference to Mr. Chase's
periodical. Following "The End"
which is printed in capitals on the last
page of text are two lines in italic
type, "Printing done at short notice
at this office." Whether the reverend
printer had not started the Religious
Informer at this time, or had faith in
his ability to execute work promptly
with that considerable undertaking in
hand, this little book must be con-
sidered as having a claim to be the
first or second printed in Andover.
It is entitled :

ABRIDGMENT

MURRAY'S

ENGLISH GRAMMAR,

with an

ADDITION of Rules.

Designed for the use of the

YOUNGER CLASS OF

LEARNERS.

BY LINDLEY MURRAY.

Andover, N. H.

Printed bv and for

E. Chase.

1819.

The work consists of 96 pages, and
on the back of the title is an orna-
mental border, enclosing the line at
the top, "The Property of." The
first two pages of text contain an un-
signed address, "To the Reader," as
follows :

''The compiler of this abridgment
is far from thinking that any abridg-
ment of Murray's Grammar, now in
use, is sufficient alone to furnish a
scholar with a competent knowledge
of grammar.

"This, therefore, is designed to

select those parts from the large gram-
mar, that is (sic) necessary for the
young student to commit to memory,
that he may preserve a more costly
book from being damaged, during his
first studies.

"Many instructors, there are, who
highly approve of Murray's Grammar,
yet think his rules in syntax to be
deficient.

"To remedy this evil, they recom-
mend Alexander's rules to the scholars,
which puts them to the expense of
two books when one might answer;
therefore, at the last part of this book
(after Murray's rules) is inserted a
selection from Alexander and others,
which, together with Murray's, is
thought to be a sufficient supply."

On page 83, following the abridg-
ment, are the condensed rules of syn-
tax, twenty-two in number and ex-
tending to page 91, after which are
thirty-five "Additional Rules," com-
pleting the book. There are other
abridgments of Murray's Grammar,
but comparison with copies issued in
Concord shows differences which indi-
cate that the compilation of the rules
of syntax may have been the work of
the printer, whose eagerness to make
one book serve the youth of Andover
in place of two may have led him to
assume this literary task. Apart from
the breaking of the back cover, the
copy before me shows little signs of
wear, and doubtless has remained in
the possession of a family which could
afford the wear and tear on "a more
costly book."

The History of John Vandelure, of
which the only known copy (lacking
two leaves) was sold at an auction in
New York last month for $22.50 and
is now in the possession of the New
York Public Library, is an Indian
narrative bearing the sub-title :

HISTORY

of John Vandelure,

Containing an account of his voyages

and conversion while on the N. W.

coast of America, &c. &c.

Written by himseK in a letter to his

Uncle in Philadelphia.

The Centenary of the Andover Press

293

The narrative is dated "Amster-
dam, Aug. 24, 1796," and fills sixty-six
pages, ending "Abridged by Josiah
Wheet, Jr., A Friend in Zion. (And-
over, N. H., Printed by E. Chase.)"
Six pages folloAving this are filled with
a hymn "composed on the wondrous
capacity of the Human Mind," with
an introduction, "The mind or soul
renewed by grace" and a "Conclu-
sion" "Composed by Josiah Wheet,
Jr., Groton, N. H." The volume is a
16mo. stitched by hand. It gives an
account of the life of a castaway
among the Indians of the coast of
British Columbia, and is one of the
earliest known printed records of the
Indians of that region. As a unique
New Hampshire imprint, it has a high
value, and while primarily religious
in purpose, it contains much informa-
tion about the character and customs
of the natives. The author was a part
owner in the ship Triumph, which
sailed to China. It was then decided
to trade in furs with North America.
After a fine cargo had been secured
the captain, Vanleason, "forgot"
that he had left the author behind on
the coast of what is now British
Columbia, and in this narrative Van-
delure relates his adventures, part of
which may be apocryphal. It is
curious to note that Vanleason also
wrote an account of the voyage. The
Vandelure narrative was printed by
Wright ct Sibley at ]Montpelier, Vt.,
in 1812, but does not appear in Gil-
man's Vermont Bibliography. There
was also an edition published at
Hallowell, Me., in 1817, by E. Good-
ale, the last copy of w'hich sold at
auction brought forty dollars.

Of Josiah Wheet, Jr., who abridged
this History of John Vandelure, little
is known. He w^as an unsuccessful
litigant in an action on a note given
to him, which he fully sets forth, with
reflections upon the law and judges
thereof, a "Hymn on the death of J.
Wheet," advice to parents, census
statistics, etc., in a small volume
entitled ^'Law Manual. By Josiah
Wheet, Philom. Member of Literary

Adelphi New-Hampton Institution.
Printed for the Author, 1843.'" Josiah
Wheet, the senior, died in Groton,
N. H., in 1828, after a residence there
for fifty years. No other work than
this Law Manual and the abridgment
of the History of John Vandelure is
known to have come from Wheet's
pen, and the Laiv Manual of 180
pages, written by a layman, is curious
and entertaining reacling. A copy is
in the library of the New Hampshire
Historical Society.

One of the earliest Andover imprints
wdth a date is remarkable as being
bound in boards — real boards of oak,
covered with paper and with a leather
back — possibly a specimen of Mr.
Chase's skill as a bookbinder. It is a
volume of sixty-four pages, four by
five inches in size, entitled:

Collection of
HYMNS

For the use of the merry
Christian, and for the com-
forting of mourners in Zion.

By William Couch

Is any merry? let him sing psalms. James v. 13

§§§§§§§§§

ANDOVER, N. H.

Printed by Ebenezer Chase,

For the Compiler,

1819.

Thirty-four hymns, follow^ed by "A
table to find any hymn by the first
line," make up the volume, and at the
end is this interesting advertisement:

BOOKS

Of this kind for sale at the Informer OflBce
and Book-Store of E. Chase, Andover, N. H.
and by the author in Warner, N. H.

At the above Office in Andover, is published
by E. Chase, a paper entitled Religious In-
former, to be continued monthly, each No.
to contain 16 octavo pages and delivered to
subscribers at 60 Cents per annum, or if paid
in advance, 50. The paper contains religious
intelUgence and it is hoped that the lovers of
Free Salvation will subscribe for the work.

In nearly every large collection of
books from an old New Hampshire
house will be found a duodecimo vol-
ume labelled on the back Life of
Colby. This once popular work passed

294

The Granite Monthly

through many editions, appearing
with the imprints of Portland, Me.;
Dover, N. H.; Concord, N. H.: New-
port, N. H., and Andover, N. H.
The work is in two volumes, and it
presents some puzzles for the bibliog-
rapher. The author announces in his
preface that the work covers the first
twentj^-seven j^ears of his life, but as he
was born in 1787 an edition published
in Portland dated 1804 makes this
latter date appear doubtful. The
edition printed at Newport by French
and Brown, in which Volume I is
dated 1831 and Volume II, 1832,
does not compare in rarity with that
of the Andover edition of 1819, of
which the New Hampshire State
Library possesses only an imperfect
copy. The title of the Andover im-
print is :

The

Life, Experiences

and Travels

John Colby

Preacher of the Gospel

Written by Himself.

Vol. II.

(Two verses of Scripture).

Andover, N. H.

Printed bv Ebenezer Chase.

1819

Volume I of this work, which pre-
cedes the part with the Chase imprint
and title, consists of 296 pages, the
last five of which are occupied by a
"Hymn composed in Ohio" and the
''errata." It bears the Portland im-
print of A. & J. Shirley, but no date,
and has the frontispiece found in
other editions, a lithograph portrait
of Colby signed "H. Williams, pinx
and sc." The second part, however,
with the Andover imprint, is of partic-
ular interest. Unlike the first part it
contains no "signatures" or marks
for the direction of the binder, and
consists of sixty-six pages, with a list
of the contents at the end, followed
by an advertisement of Ebenezer
Chase which gives further evidence of
his industry and versatility, for he
advertises "Books, Printing, also
Clocks and Watches repaired and

warranted." As showing an early
appreciation of the habits of book-
borrowers, the back of the title page
contains an ornamental border within
which is printed "This Book belongs
to" with a blank space in which the
owner might write his name. Such
a book was a considerable undertak-
ing, and evidences the character of
the popular reading in New England
farmhouses a hundred years ago.

In 1820 Chase printed Rules for
Holy Living for a Society Calling Them-
selves Reformed Baptists, by William
D. Cass. This was probably an out-
come of the great rehgious revival in
Andover of that year, and was prob-
ably a leaflet. An original poem,
printed in broadside form, was another
output of the press in 1820. This was
especially directed at the Universal-
ists, who had formed a society in
Andover in the preceding year. The
broadside is entitled Universal Salva-
tion and in it will be found the lines :

Huzzah! brave boys — loud be your joys,

Your sins shall be forgiven;
Oh! Skip and sing! Our God and King

Will bring us all to Heaven.

Oh! Charming news to live in sin,

And die to reign with Paul;
'Tis so indeed, for Jesus bled

To save the devil and all.

One more imprint remains, of
which I have been unable to trace a
single copy. If there is in Andover or
anywhere else, the possessor of a copy
of The Weaver's Guide let him hold
up his hand. The work is known only
by its title, given in the History of
Andover, which reads:

"The Weaver's Guide. A choice
selection of Drafts compiled from the
newest fashions. Price, 25 cents
single, 2 dollars a dozen. November,
1821."

There is a plausibiUty about this
title, with its prices, savoring of The
Religious Informer's "sets." There
is nothing, however, in any of Chase's
publications referring to such a work
and nothing to indicate that he
possessed the material for printing

The Centenary of the Andover Press

295

"Drafts" or designs for weaving.
This maj' have been one of the "books
for sale" by Mr. Chase, but the ques-
tion cannot be settled until a copy of
the work named is found.

The exceeding rarity of these And-
over imprints is really surprising, in
view of the fact that many of our
great libraries are making an especial
effort to collect a copy of every book
printed in this country before the
year 1820. Yet not a single one of
these imprints is to be found in the
Librarj'of Congress, the Boston Public
Library or the splendid collection of
early imprints in the American Anti-
quarian Society's library at Worces-
ter, Mass. The New York Public
Library has the Life of Colby, and the
John Vandelure, but these imprints
do not figure in the great bibliog-
raphies of Americana; they are un-
known in the auction room. Hundreds
of other works of less importance from
early provincial presses of New Eng-
land have been sold at book auctions,
at constanth' increasing prices, but
even this stimulation of interest has
failed to bring these Andover imprints
into the light. The possessor of any
one of them may be confident that he

is the owner of a "rare old book."
The missing titles are quoted from the
History of Andover, by John R. East-
man, but a careful examination of the
Eastman Papers, preserved in the New
Hampshire Historical Society Library,
gives no clue as to where the author
obtained them.

It is probable that Chase did the
job printing for the people of Andover
and its vicinity, although a hundred
years ago this must have been very
limited in amount, in such a small
communit^^ Of such work no speci-
mens, so far as is known, have been
preserved. The burning of the And-
over Library in 1901 may have de-
stroyed existing material of this sort,
although our forefathers were not as
keen in collecting literary material as
we are now. There is a lesson in all this
for the librarians of today, whose first
duty it should be to secure and pre-
serve for future generations all the
local imprints, the ephemeral publica-
tions and the printed material of
whatever sort relating to the history
of the town. For a people who care
nothing for their past history are unde-
serving of a future one.

A SERL\L BY MRS. KEYES

The editor of the Granite
Monthly deems himself very for-
tunate in being able to announce that
a serial story by Frances Parkinson
Kej'es will begin in the August number
of the Granite Monthly and run
through several issues. The demand
for a recent number of the magazine

in which appeared a short story by
Mrs. Keyes showed her to be one of
the most popular of our contributors
and we know that our readers will
await with pleasurable anticipation
this first work by Mrs. Keyes to be
published in ijerial story form and the
second of her novels to appear in
print.

WESTMORELAND AND THE LATE
WILLARD BILL

By Rev. Dr. S. H. McCollester, Litt. D.

Westmoreland was properly settled
in 1741, although several attempts
had been made l^efore this date to
settle it, but. on account of many-
Indians dwelling in and around it, the
white men did not dare to enter and
claim it; and w^hen they did their
first work was to build forts at dif-
ferent points, each to be guarded by
some ten men to keep watch for the
approach of the wild men. As they
saw signs of their coming upon them,
they would hurry their women and
children into the forts and so fire
upon Indians through port holes,
driving them away, or killing them.

This township was some seven miles
east and west and six miles north
and south, having great diversity
of surface and decided attractions to
the Indians. The Connecticut River
runs through the western portions;
then there are several large sand beds
and many lofty hills, deep vales with
flowing streams through dense woods
within its limits. Game was plenti-
ful. In this region the Red Men
could hunt, fish, sport and bivouac
with greatest delight. The salmon
and deer were a decided luxury to
them. The great meadows on the
river and the forests on the hills and
the terrace formations through the
lowlands were very dear to them and
they wanted to abide here; but they
cherished spite and hatred against
the white faces, therefore, they were
obliged to fight them, till they were
destroyed or driven far away. As
they left, new settlers hastened to the
town, felled trees and built log houses
from the timber, cultivating cleared
spots, planting corn, beans and
potatoes.

Soon they erected the church and
schoolhouse. They attended relig-
ious services on Sunday and schooled
their children, as best they could.
They early introduced cattle, sheep.

horses, fowls and hogs into the
settlement. They took advantage of
circumstances, really building better
than they knew.

Some of the names of these settlers
were as follows: Benjamin Aldrich,
Amos Davis, Thomas Chamberlain,
Daniel Howe, Samuel Hunt, Joshua
Warren, Hon. Merleck Ware, Joseph
Burt, John Pierce, Jonas Butterfield,
David Britton and Caleb Aldrich.

There was something about the new
town that allured strangers to it, and
so it was not many years before immi-
grants to it were numerous. The
forests were removed, fields were con-
verted into fine farms, producing rich
harvests. It was not long before it
was felt to be one of the most produc-
tive towns in Cheshire County.

In the development of affairs a
large and imposing church-edifice
was erected on Park Hill and then
another edifice in the South Village,
still another house of worship in East
Westmoreland and yet another in
the Glebe; and still another in the
South Village. It is to be regretted
that a Christian spirit did not always
prevail in these religious communities.

The public schools kept multiply-
ing as the town increased in popula-
tion, till there were thirteen different
districts and a Valley Seminary in
domains of the town. The latter was
especially, to fit young men and
women for teachers and higher insti-
tutions of learning. In its balmy
days Westmoreland was visited with
teachers' institutes which were in
session for weeks.

Noted for Good Scholars

At one time Westmoreland became
somewhat noted for the good scholars
sent out to their life-work: Charles
and William Burt, Alexander Bennett
and Joseph Buffum, as successful
lawyers; Jotham Paine, as a highly

THE LATE WILL.\RD BILL

298

The Granite Monthly

educated preacher; Charles Hall, as
an eminent superintendent of public
schools; Willard Bill, as an excellent
business man and a good scholar;
Ohver L. Briggs, as a most gifted and
successful merchant; Murrey Ware,
as a thrilling public speaker; Samuel
Leach, heeding the advice of Horace
Greele}^ went West and made him-
self forehanded, as a dealer in grain.
At length Egbert and Edgar Horton
honored this town by being born in it.
They were twins and grew up to be
fine men in form and character and
they aimed to do thorough and
finished work in whatever they en-
gaged. Settling in Providence, R. I.,
as superior artists in photography,
their studio and show-rooms were not
surpassed in New England. They
did much of the photography de-
manded by our colleges and higher
institutions of learning. The splendid
and captivating views of Westmore-
land from Park Hill, Mount Olympus
above the Daggett Home and the
highlands north of Spofford Lake
have often been sought by skilled and
trained artists, furnishing magazines
and museum- walls with fascinating
pictures. In 1859 according to its
population it sent out more trained
and successful school teachers than
any other town in the county. Misses
E. Jennie Aldrich and Caroline Buf-
fum and Marion Ware took the lead
as the most excellent.

Military Affairs

In the Revolutionary War, the
War with Mexico, the Civil War and
the recent War the soldiers enlisted
from this town were always among
the first to be on the field of action and
among the last to leave it. Their
patriotism never allowed them to
shirk any duty of loyalty to their
country. Tileston Barker and his
son Frank were always with the van-
guard and could say to comrades,
"Come on, fight the good fight and
gain the victory."

Savings in the Bank

When Westmoreland was at her
best, near the time of the Civil War,
it was reported that her citizens had
more money in savings banks accord-
ing to the number of inhabitants than
any other town in New Hampshire.
It was then a live farming township.
Some of the leading men of this period
and later were Theodore Cole, Abijah
French, Haskell Buffum, Capt. Glea-
son, David Livingston, C. F. Brooks,
Warren Pattern, Addison Ware, Jeda-
diah Sabin, Arvine Aldrich, Judge
Baker, Reuben Kendall, Jewett Buf-
fum, Josiah Bennett, Fred Barker,
Isaac Derby, George Barrows, Hol-
land Wheeler, Prescott Albee, Forest
Hall, Holland Bennett, William Reed,
John Knight, L. W. Leonard, Calvin
Britton, George Bennett.

The Ministry

The ministry of Westmoreland has
been varied and not of long terrns of
settlements with few exceptions.
Among the prominent ones have been
Reverends William Goddard, Allen
Pratt, both graduates of Harvard;
O. C. Whiston of Dartmouth, Charles
Woodhouse, A. M., M. D., Josiah
Marvin, E. H. Lake and Charles
Greenwood. Some of them seemed to
think more of popularity than they
did of spreading Christianity and
bringing souls to know God. Some
of them appeared to think more of
sticking to creeds than walking in the
footsteps of Christ. But in later years
the ministers have been earnest in
proclaiming the brotherhood of men
and living the Gospel.

The Late AVillard Bill

In these later days, yes, for many
years, the prominent business of the
town seemed to fall into the hands of
Willard Bill, who settled with his
father, after he reached his majority,
on a fine Connecticut River farm. In
due time he married a wise and gifted
woman who at length brought into his
home two most promising daughters.

Westmoreland and the Late Willard Bill 299

As they grew into womanhood, being his instruction and government. He

well educated, the older married W. G. became noted for reforming and

Hut chins of Fitchburg, Mass., who redeeming bad boys. He had a good

passed up higher some years ago; the physique: head was large, forehead

younger married D*". J. A. Craig and prominent, eyes full and penetrating:

they settled in Wcrftnioreland, doing, hair dark: and his temperament,

now right in the prime of life, an nervous, sanguine, bilious. The phre-

innnense amount of good. He is a nologist would have pronounced him

skilled physician. talented without hesitancy. He had

March 11, 1909, IVIr. Bill was mar- not a lazy bone nor nerve in his make-

ried again, to a most noble woman, up. He was fond of declaiming and

Mrs. Luella Stackpole Houghton of had a good voice for public speaking.

Putne}', Vermont, who survives him. As soon as he reached 21 years of

Mr. Bill was taken sick with the age, he was put into public office by
prevailing influenza the last of June, the people and has been kept there
a year since. He recovered some- ever since, not by his seeking it. The
what from it. but in December it people placed him there, because he
renewed its poisoning grip, so that was honest and well qualified to fill it.
in spite of the best medical and nurs- He practised economy and accord-
ing skill, he died in his pleasant home ingly accumulated propertj^ and
amidst a group of truest friends, hav- heired some, but this did not elate
ing been a kind husband, a true him; he was all the more interested
father and just neighbor, 79 years and in public enterprises. He was inter-
7 months old. He has sown much ested from its start in the Cheshire
precious seed which will continue to County Home and he has continued
yield abundant harvests of love and so. He was for a long time a trustee
usefulness through the ages to come, of the Cheshire County Savings

As I occasionally visited his home I Bank. He was also county corn-
found it a joy and delight to be in it. missioner for several terms. He was,
The spirit of God seemed to abide too, a charter member and officer for
therein. The old farm was very dear years of Great Meadow and Cheshire
to him and his wife, being beautifully County Pomona Granges. For years
situated on the banks of the grand old he did a large probate business, as
Connecticut River, where he was guardian, executor, administrator, or
born and lived till some ten years ago, trustee.

when he purchased an inviting and Through his suffering and trj'ing

modern residence in the South Village, sickness he uttered not one word of

which he improved and converted complaint before his body fell asleep

into an elegant home. in death Thursday night, May 23,

In his boyhood he went to school in 1919, calmly and peacefully, encircled

his own district making the most by dear loving friends. His funeral

possible out of its advantages. As was attended the following Sunday by

he waxed older in years he attended his old pastor, Rev. Dr. S. H. McCol-

select schools in town, ranking high lester, assisted by Rev. J. E. Heath,

in scholarship. As he increased in Throngs of loving friends viewed the

years he went to the best schools out placid face of the translated. Then

of town to complete his schooldays, the remains were borne to the ceme-

but not to finish his education, for tery near by, and lowered into banks

as long as he lived he was a student of countless and most beautiful flowers

and learner. But few excelled him in and a large number of Grangers,

mathematics and good English, passed round the grave, dropping

When he was twenty 3-ears old he immortelles upon the casket, while the

commenced to teach winters and soon benediction of God, Christ and the

became known, as most thorough in Holy Spirit was pronounced.

300

The Granite Monthly

As we turned away from the grave
and left the yard, we could but ask,
who is the truly successful man? It
is not Croesus, nor Napoleon, nor
Voltaire. If man has heaped up
piles of sovereigns to be a satanic
pimp, instead of God's almoner, then
his riches become so cumbrous an
armor as to bury him altogether in
the dust of the earth.

Was David, the sweet singer of
Israel, because he sang psalms in the
cave of AduUum and chanted praises
on Mt. Zion a successful man? Not
any more so, than that he was a faith-
ful shepherd and an honest guardian
of his home. Was Michel Angelo a
success because he chiseled the marble
and painted the canvas? No, not
any more so, than he who sets out
saplings that others may enjoy their
shade a century hence. Was Jesus
a success because he entered Jerusalem
amid banners and waving palms?

Nay, but because he went about doing
his Father's will.

Success is an attainment, but who
attains? Only he who lives true to
God and man. Such never have
occasion to speak, as did Horace Wal-
pole, saying, "Life is a comedy to
those who think and a tragedy to
those who feel," or more literally
"Life is a farce and its last scene
should not be mournful."

The truly successful never send
forth the sad refrain of Solomon,
"Vanity of vanities," but the cheerful
canticle of Paul, "I have fought the
good fight, I have finished my course,
I have kept the faith."

Was not this true of Willard Bill?
Let memory like a pensive Ruth go
about the fields of his Ufe, gleaning
the scattered wheat and the souls of
widow, daughter, granddaughter and
all friends will be nourished with
sweetest comfort and brightest hopes.

Hudson, N. H.

THE CROSSES

By Charles Poole Cleaves

Above the flashing of the brook,
Or hid in some secluded nook;
Along the roadside where they reeled,
Or clustered on some uptorn field.
No eyelid's stir, no pulse's beat;
No thrill of song, no wakened feet;
Only, beneath the quiet sky,
So many thousand victors lie
Asleep. Far as the eye has sped
The low, rude crosses mark their bed.

Across the sea, a city street

Living pulses, slow and fleet,

In the ceaseless long parade

Of human task and toil and trade.

No roughened mound, no sculptured tree.

Yet the quickened glance may see

Behind the smile or silent lip.

Or greeting eye or finger-tip.

Or passing word or tears that start

The low, rude cross hid in the heart.

^^^1!^^

'-y^p^y^

?5*1

1 % ^f

>< ^%

1 L • vt

, '^' V T^■

fe"HJK

The Connecticut River at Claremont

THE CONNECTICUT RIVER A GREAT

HIGHWAY

By George B. Upham

As today we motor across the Con-
necticut River bridge from Claremont
to Ascutneyville, how few of us think
of the scenes that might have been
witnessed there in times past! For
a century or more the ''Great River"
was the highway between the sparsely
settled towns of middle Massachusetts
and those on the St. Lawrence. It
was the only approach for the early
settlers to the Upper Connecticut
Valley, where for more than half a cen-
tury heavy freight was transported
almost wholly by the river.

These river scenes, some savage,
some tragic, some pathetic, some
merely industrial, are firmh^ woven
into the web of life as it exists in
northern New England today.

Let us linger on the river-bank, set
back the hand of time three centuries,
shift the scenes rapidly, and from our
waiting place catch such glimpses as
we can of some of these fading pic-
tures of the past.

In May, 1610, some dozens of birch-
bark canoes may be seen passing down
the river to the ''Great Falls" a few
miles below. The salmon fishing is
good there in the spring; the shad
come no further up the stream. If
we could hear the voices and under-
stand the language some loquacious
warrior might be telling his com-
panions of the great canoe with white
wings (Champlain) that had sailed up
the great river of Canada only a year
or two before, and of the strange con-
trivances which belched fire, made
noise like thunder and blew away
their enemies, the Mohawks, like chaff
before the wind.

Late in October, 1677, a strange
procession is seen approaching, some
in canoes, some walking wearily along
the banks, some women and children
on two or three jaded horses stolen
from the settlers below. We count
twenty-six Indians and twenty whites,
the latter the first of many captives to

302 The Granite Monthly

take this fearsome journey to the Deerfield are collected within the

north, the first white men that history fort, and the besiegers driven off dis-

records as passing so far up the " Great comfited to make the best of their

River," and the first to see Ascutney. way, without captives, back to Can-

These are the captives taken at ada. Jean Vincent is best known to
Hatfield and Deerfield in the fall of history as Baron de Saint-Castin, a
1677. Three men, two women and picturesque character who is to live
fifteen children, among the latter little long and fight valiantly at Castine
Sally Coleman, only four years old, on the shores of Penobscot Bay.
whose mother has been murdered. (The route taken by this expedition
She is to live to marry John Field is somewhat uncertain, but is believed
and to become the progenitress of to have been by the St. Francis and
Cyrus W. Field, who will lay the first Connecticut Rivers.)
Atlantic cable; of Marshall Field, During Queen Anne's War, in Feb-
Chicago's merchant prince; and of ruary, 1704, two hundred French sol-
Stephen J. Field, one of the great diers in uniform, led by Hertel de
justices of the Supreme Court of the Rouville, with one hundred and forty
United States. In the Historical Indians, may be seen marching down
Museum at Deerfield a little red- over the snow-encrusted ice to render
topped shoe, torn and ragged, is to themselves forever infamous b}^ the
find a place later and to mutely tell "Sack of Deerfield." Provisions,
the pathetic story of this journey, ammunition and extra snowshoes for
more impressively than any words. the captives are on the "sleighs,"

One of these ill-fated captives is some drawn by dogs, some by Indians,

destined to be burned at the stake A week or two later, on March 6

in Canada, one boy and one little girl or 7, we see their return up the river

to be finished by a blow of the toma- bringing with them more than a hun-

hawk, the rest to be rescued by per- dred English captives, forty of them

haps the bravest effort the early an- not over twelve years of age. Ten

nals of New England record.* or twelve women and children who

During King William's War in Sep- were ill and loitered by the way have
tember, 1694, a formidable array already been killed. At least one of
passes, a small "army" of French and them, Mary Brooks, aged thirty-
Indians in canoes, led by the impet- eight or forty, is killed on the river-
uous young Jean Vincent, who had bank in Claremont or Weathersfield.
come out with the first regiment of It is a sad procession, straggling far
regular troops sent from France to apart and plodding wearily north-
Canada. They paddle swiftly on ward on this "tempestuous day,"
their way, disappearing in the autumn cold, hungry, in momentary fear of
haze down the river. This time the death by tomahawk or torture. The
settlers are prepared for them, their wounded Indians and the smaller
approach discovered, the people of children are in the " sleighs" ; the dogs

*A11 that is known of the journey of these captives to Canada is contained in the narration of
Quentin Stockwell. This was originally published by Dr. Increase Mather, president of Har-
vard College, in 16S4. Again in Blome's " Present State of His Majestie's Isles and Territories
in America," London, 1687. The best account of the capture, journey, rescue, and return,
via Lake Champlain, Lake George and Albany, is in "Bradford Club, Series No. 1," New York,
1859. This contains much information, especially concerning the rescue, derived from the
New York colonial archives.

The captives were taken up the Connecticut as far as the "Sauvo-Maug" River, probably
Wells River, where the Indians divided, some, with several of the captives, going north prob-
ably by way of Lake Memphremagog and the St. Francis River. Stockwell was one of those
taken up the "Sauvo-Maug" and over the Green Mountains to Lake Champlain, thence by the
Richelieu to Sorel on the St. Lawrence.

It is interesting to note that towards the ransom of these captives the Isles of Shoals, employ-
ing fifteen hundred men in the great fisheries there, gave more than Salem, then one of the
wealthiest towns in New England.

The Connecticut River a Great Highway

303

harnessed to them pull hard as their
Indian drivers iiro;e and lash them on.

Among the captives is the Rev.
John Williams who had preached on
]\Iarch 5, 1704, where they rested
over Suntlay (a tablet now marks the
spot) by the stream still called Wil-
liams River, which flows into the
Connecticut opposite South Charles-
town. On the evening of ^Monday,
March 6, they camp half way between
Williams and White rivers, which
would be near the mouth of Sugar
River. An incident which occurred
on this day's march is related by
Williams :

"Soon after we marched, w'e had an
alarm; on which many of the English
W'Cre bound. I was then near the
front, and my masters not with me,
so I was not bound. This alarm was
occasioned by some Indians shoot-
ing at geese that flew over them, that
put them into a considerable con-
sternation and fright; but after they
came to understand they were not
pursued by the English, they boasted
that the English would not come out
after them, as they had boasted
before we began our journey in the
morning. They killed this day two
women, who were so faint they could
not travel."

Williams gives no description of the
camp near the mouth of Sugar River,
but we may surmise what it was like
from his brief description of the camp
the first night out from Deerfield.

"When we came to our lodging
place the first night, they dug away
the snow, made some wigwams, cut
down some of the small branches of
spruce trees to lie down on, and gave
the prisoners somewhat to eat; but
we had but little appetite. I was

pinioned and bound down that night,
and so I was every night whilst I was
with the army."

The French officers and soldiers
apparently constitute a rear guard,
for they pass up the river a few days
later.

Of these hundred and more cap-
tives only sixty are destined to return
to their homes in the settlements.*

The eleven long j^ears of Queen
Anne's War, 1702-1713, witness
many passings of French, Indians and
Colonials. Of the latter we will
mention only one of the several
scouting parties led northward by
Captain Benjamin Wright whose
name will always have an honored
place in the history of the river valley.
In February, 1708, he passes up the
river with a carefully selected com-
pany to the Cowass (Cohos, Coos)
meadows, now Haverhill and New-
bury, where the St. Francis Indians
were wont to congregate and there to
prepare for rapine and murder in the
settlements below. We see them
passing in single file, their deer-skin
garments, long, slanting flint-lock
muskets on shoulder ready for instant
use, powder horns at their sides; a
lightly built sled loaded with pro-
visions, their "snapsacks," ammuni-
tion and supplies, drawn by three or
four of the scouts, brings up the rear.
Perhaps a driving snow storm swirls
about them as they pass by.

Father Rale's W^ar, 1723-1726, is
ostensibly a struggle between the
provinces of New Hampshire and
Massachusetts on one side and the
Indians living east of the Merrimack
River, led by a Jesuit priest, on the
other. But the real power with
which these colonies are at war is the

*Mr. Williams wrote an account of these misfortunes and of his nearly three years' detention
in Canada, pubHshed in a famous little book, entitled "The Redeemed Captive." The first
edition was issued at "Boston in N. E." by "Samuel Phillips, at the Brick Shop, 1707." It has
since passed through more than a dozen editions, six or seven of them in the eighteenth century.
Williams had little conception of his great opportunities from an historical point of view; but
considering the many pages devoted wholly to theological reflections it is surprising to find so
much that is historically valuable. It may be, therefore, truly said that this book has no coun-
terpart in the literature of the period; and that it is considered justly a New England classic of
its time. Williams' son, Stephen, a boy of only eleven years when captured, wrote a journal of
the march and of his captivity. This has been published as an appendix in several editions of
"The Redeemed Captive."

304

The Granite Monthly

Governor-General of Canada backed
by Louis XV, the King of France. In
this war the famous Indian chief,
Gray Lock, takes a leading part.
Phineas Stevens, the hero of the
attack on Number Four (Charles-
town), in the next war, is captured
with his younger brother and taken to
Canada. Various English scouting
parties are sent up the river, some
with specific orders to "go up to ye
mountain tops and there to lodge and
view morning and evening for smoaks . ' '
^There is little doubt that this was
done from Barber's mountain and the
slopes of Ascutney.)

In this war Captain Wright again
appears on the scene, according to his
journal, passing our reach of the river
on August 1, 1725, with fifty-nine
men. This time they are in canoes,
and, hugging the shore to avoid the
current, the little fleet passes by.
After searching the valley as far as
Wells River and crossing the moun-
tains to Lake Champlain they will
return, just a month later, without
having seen any Indians, except a few
who fled at their approach.

During the interval of eighteen
years of peace after this war many
Indian trading parties may be seen
paddling down the river to barter
their furs at the "Truck House" at
Fort Dummer (Brattleboro).

In the "Old French and Indian
War"— 1744-1749— the Canadian rec-
ords of "military movements" chroni-
cle an astonishing number of Indian
war parties sent south, frequently
led by French officers. Many of
these pass the mouth of Sugar River
and return with captives as they have
done so many times before.

The Fort at Number Four had been
iDuilt just before the outbreak of this
war. A force led by "General Deb-
eline" as some histories have it, really
by Ensign Boucher de Niverville,
consisting, according to their com-
mander's statement, of seven hun-
dred French and Indians, pass down
the river early in April, 1747. This is
the war party against which Captain

Phineas Stevens, with about thirty
men, so valiantly defends the fort at
Number Four on April 7 and 8.

Frequent scouting parties pass up
and down the river, going from or re-
turning to their headquarters at
Number Four. One party of sixty-
nine men led by Captain Stevens had
joined Captain Melvin's ill-fated
party from Fort Dummer, gone up the
"Indian Road" beside Black River,
crossed to Otter Creek, there sepa-
rated from Captain Melvin's party
and returned to the Connecticut by
the valley of the "Quarter-queeche."
On May 30, 1748, they pass down the
river on rafts and in canoes.

During the last French and Indian
War— 1754-1760— Number Four is
attacked repeatedly. It appears in a
petition for aid made to the provin-
cial authorities of Massachusetts, in
September, 1755, that ten different
attacks had been made there within
two years. These attacks continue
but with decreasing frequency.

Towards evening on April 20, 1757,
unusual activity enlivens the vicinity
of the mouth of Sugar River. About
seventy French and Indians may be
seen journeying northward with three
captives taken that morning at Num-
ber Four. At the mouth of the Sugar
they meet with two white men. These
prove to be George Robbins and Asa
Spafford, who having been out to
shoot wild fowl are returning to Num-
ber Four. Both are immediately
captured and taken along to Canada,
Spafford is to die of smallpox in
Quebec; Robbins to be exchanged,
fight in the Revolutionary War, and
finally to be killed by the Indians on
the banks of Otter Creek at Brandon,
in November, 1780.

On the morning of a bleak Novem-
ber day, November 4, 1759, we see
slowly approaching, now drifting with
the current, now urged forward with
the flashing strokes of paddles, a low
dark object sunk almost to the level
of the wind-swept water. As it comes
nearer we see that it is a log raft, the
logs burnt and blackened at the ends,

The Connecticut River a Great Highway

305

for 1)3' burning was the only way that
weakened men could fell them. On
the raft are two men and a child; from
their fur caps and leathern jackets
we take them to be rangers. The
child is seen to be an Indian boy.
The men are Major Robert Rogers
and Captain Ogden, the latter badly
wounded, on the return from that
memorable expedition to punish the
St. Francis Indians, so promptly
ordered by Sir Jeffrey Amherst, so
wonderfully executed by the most
accompUshed scout and woodsman
that American history records.

Without food for many days, except
a few nuts and red squirrels, Rogers
is hurrying to Number Four to send
succor to his men, left starving at the
mouth of the Ammonusuc seventy
miles above. On the afternoon of
the same day we see a large birchbark
canoe skirting the shore, skilfulty
taking advantage of every eddy, while
it is urged swiftly northward by the
powerful strokes of paddles fore and
aft. Thev are men from Number

Four carrying the food that Rogers
had promised to his surviving rangers
in ten days after he left them. It
arrived on time to the very hour.
Rogers, after two nights' rest, and a
day for writing his dispatches, hastens
up the river with two canoes carrying
more food and supplies.

In the fall of 1760 we see many men
on rafts and in canoes coming down
the river. They are soldiers of the
last French and Indian war. Many
have been discharged; some are
deserters, Quebec and Montreal taken,
the fighting over, military life has lost
its interest for them. All are on the
way back to their homes in southern
New England; but they have seen
the fine, fertile, unoccupied meadows
of the beautiful river, hence the begin-
nings of the settlements northward in
1761 and 1762.

(This article will be continued with
some accounts of the settlement of the
valley, also of early industry and trans-
portation on the upper reaches of the
"Great River.")

SONG

By Carolyn Hillman

Joy goes on a starry way
While hope treads one that's bhnd,
And sorrow can but stumble.
All ways join one that's kind.

Whether by star, or in the dark
We all go home at last;
That swift way of the singing lark,
Nor pause by ways time past.

LITERARY AND DEBATING SOCIETIES
IN NEW HAMPSHIRE TOWNS AND

ACADEMIES*

By Asa Currier Tilton

Among the measures which are fos-
tered, today, in the movement for the
betterment of hfe in our farming com-
munities is the development of the
school as the social center of its
neighborhood. The pupils in the
school, in addition to the fundamental
branches of the older education, are
taught to regard themselves as fel-
low-citizens — economic, political, and
social — and are trained in the means
of making life more successful and
pleasant for themselves and their
neighbors. They are shown how
they may profit by reading and study
concerning their life and work on the
farm; by debates they are led to in-
form themselves on current, economic
and social problems, and are given
practical training in making their
views effective in influencing others;
and, finally, they are taught to unite
in recreations and amusements — such
as athletics, plays, and music, which
furnish sane and uplifting relaxation
from their daily routine. This educa-
tion of the young for cooperation in
work and play is supplemented by
making the schoolhouse a center to
which those above school age are
encouraged to come for interchange
of ideas through papers and discus-
sions, and for recreation and amuse-
ment. The schoolhouse thus becomes
the instrument by which the morbid-
ity and mental stagnation,' bred by
isolation and unrelieved tedium, which
have too often characterized farm life,
especially in the frontier regions of
our country, maj^ be banished.

The history of this farm life on its
economic side has been written, not
completely, yet thoroughly enough to
to make it familiar. Of our educa-
tional system — our schools, our libra-

* This article is written from materia] collected
whole coimtrv.

ries, and our colleges — we are justly
proud; and its story has been well
told. But the school social center
impresses us as new, as the product of
the imagination of our educational
and social-welfare experts. We do
not suspect that the ends, which it
seeks, were sought long ago in our
covmtrj^ towns — in other words, that
it has a history. Most of us know the
Lyceum, at least by name and as a
system for providing lecture courses;
but we do not, most of us, know its
earlier function of providing a social
center, where the people met for debate,
singing, and the giving of plays. And
very few of us realize that the Lyceum,
in this earher and more vigorous stage,
was but a general name for a still
earlier, and perhaps more vigorous,
successful, and useful institution,
the literary, or debating society — the
terms are used indiscriminately.

These societies existed in the col-
leges, the academies, the schools; and
also in the towns among those above
the school age of today, though not so
entirely above that of the times when
young men went to school in winter
long after they had become voters.
Those in the colleges are famous,
individually; but are not clearly
recognized to be a national institu-
tion. Those in the academies, schools,
and towns are little known, individ-
ually, and not at all as a national
institution. Scattered here and there
through school and town histories,
biographies, and similar works there
is abundant information on them,
which needs only to be brought to-
gether to show what they were and
what they accomplished. From such
sources the following sketch is written,
for a work on the same subject, covering the

Literary and Debating Societies in New Hampshire Toivns

307

The oldest incorporated academy
in New Hampshire — as well as the
most famous — is the Phillips Academy
at Exeter, which was chartered in
1781 and opened in 1783. Here a
Rhetorical Society was in existence as
early as 1812, and probably earlier.
In 1818 the Golden Branch Society
was foimded; and the Rhetorical soon
ceased to exist. The Golden Branch
celebrated, a year ago, the completion
of a full century of uninterrupted
activity. Since 1881 it has had a
companion in healthy rivalry, the
Gideon L. Soule Society. Unusual
material is available for the history of
these societies; and they will not be
further referred to in this paper from
the hope that they may be used in a
later article to portray in detail what
is here sketched in general lines.

The second to be incorporated was
the New Ipswich Academy (since
1853 the Appleton Academy) which
was chartered in 1789. It possessed
a literary society, the Demosthenian,
which was very successful from as
early as 1791 to 1810, when it ceased
activity. Some ten years later a new
society, the Social Fraternity, was
started. The date of the beginning
of a society is more often given than
the date of its ending; and it is fre-
quently impossible to state when it
discontinued its work, or disbanded,
or whether it still exists. In the
prosperous days of the Salisbury
Academy, which was incorporated in
1795, a society existed there, the
Literar}' Adelphi, which was organ-
ized in 1813. The Hampton Acad-
emy, which dates from 1810, had two
societies, the Ciceronian and the Olive
Branch (the name suggests Exeter
influence in its foundation), which
were organized in 1827. The latter
was incorporated in 1832. This was
an unusual proceeding for an academy
society, but not for those in the
colleges. It was thought to give
added dignity; and sometimes was
claimed to free the organization from
faculty control — something which the
members found to be easier to claim

than to enforce. The Hampton Acad-
emy was typical in its possession of
two coexistent societies. It was the
customary, though not invariable,
number in colleges; but in the acad-
emies lack of numbers very often
prevented the establishment of more
than one. Two societies gave the
stimulus of rivalry — usually healthy
and beneficial, but occasionally so
intense as to be harmful. At the
Wolfeboro Academy, chartered in
1820, there was for many years a suc-
cessful society, which is referred to as
a "lyceum."

The history of the New Hampton
Academy and its societies is more
than ordinarily complicated. It
opened in 1821; and, a few years
later, was taken over by the Calvin
Baptist Church and renamed the
Academical and Theological Institu-
tion — the latter department starting
in 1829. In 1852 both were moved to
Fairfield, Vt. ; but, the next year, the
New Hampton Literary and Biblical
Institution was incorporated by Free-
will Baptists, and took the plant of
the older school. The Biblical School
— brought from New York state —
moved to Lewiston, Me., in 1870, and
left the Institution in its original
status. The societies were the follow-
ing: the Literarv Adelphi, founded in
1827; the Social Fraternity, in 1830;
and the Ladies' Literary Association,
in 1833. The library of the last was
taken to Fairfax; but the others
remained at New Hampton by vote
of the members, and the societies
continued in the new school. This
incident, doubtless, lies at the bottom
of the provision in their constitutions,
that they cannot be moved from New
Hampton, either by vote of the mem-
bers, or of the trustees.

There was a debating society of stu-
dents and graduates at the Hopkinton
Academy, which began in 1827. This,
or perhaps a new one, was called San-
born Adelphi during the principalship
of Dyer H. Sanborn. The Woodman
Academy at Sanbornton had, in 1840,
two societies — the Literary Panoplean

308 The Grmiiie Monthly

and the Mercurian Loquendi. They education of that day. Other soeie-

are certainly names difficult to live up ties in Exeter were the Shakespeare

to; but are very characteristic in their Reading Circle and the Nulla Mora, a

classical derivation. TheNewHamp- debating club; both date from 1849.

shire Conference Seminar}- at Tilton Many of the young men of the town,

(opened in 1845) had, in 1898, two whose interests would naturally

men's societies — the V. A. S. and the prompt them to be leaders in the

United Panoplean, and two girls' foundation and support of a literary

societies — the Ladies' Literary Society society, were members of the Golden

and the Sapphonian. When the Ap- Branch at the Academy and sometimes

pleton Academy at Mount Vernon prolonged their membership after

(now the McCuUom Institute) occu- graduation. This would militate

pied its new building in 1853, a room against the formation of a strong

was given to the Philorhetorian So- town society — ^a phenomenon which

ciety. Finally, the Dow Academy repeatedly shows itself at the seats

at Franconia, founded in 1885, had of colleges and academies. North

a society, called the Automathian. Hampton had a literary and debating

Doubtless similar organizations have societj^ which began about 1848. At

existed in most, if not all, of the other Candia the young men and women

academies, which have furnished, conducted a successful Literary Club

and, in some cases, still furnish, edu- for some years before a Lyceum was

cational opportunities — higher than started in 1832. In the same decades

those of the common schools — to the there was, also, a Juvenile Club, of

boys and girls of the state; but which the members were boys from

enough have been mentioned to show eleven to fifteen years of age.

that the literary society is coexistent In the Merrimack valley and up the

with the academy, or, at least, was in slope of the divide to the west, we find

their early and vigorous days. the societies distributed through the

towns. At Amherst the Franklin
Turning from the academies to the Society was in existence in 1817.
towns, the distribution of the societies The society in Hopkinton Academy
may best be surveyed geographically, included graduates — that is, yovmg
In Portsmouth a Forensic Society was people of the town. Hopkinton was
founded sometime before 1826. An- also the seat of a club, which has had
other society, of somewhat religious an unusual, though not unique, his-
aspect, began at about the same time tory. This was the Philomathic Club,
— the South Parish Society for Mutual founded in 1850, which became the
Improvement; and also a third — the New Hampshire Antiquarian Society
Foreign Society. The Forensic and in 1873. In Lyndeborough there was
South Parish were superseded by a the South Lyndeborough Lyceum,
Lyceum, apparently in the early which was succeeded by the Second
thirties, which was in existence in the Mutual Improvement Society in 1839,
forties. The House of Delegates, a which united in 1854 with the Frank-
society with the legislative, or parlia- lin Debating Club (organized in 1851)
mentary, type of organization and to form the Lyceum. In New Ips-
procedure, was founded in Exeter in wich some of the young men of the
1848. Another Exeter organization, town were members of the Demos-
also representative of a widely dis- thenian Society at the Academy,
tributed type, was the Coke Club. This gave them the advantages of a
It was a small and informally organ- literary society much earlier than was
ized group of young men, who were the case in towns, where there was no
studying law in the office of Hon. academy. Sutton started a Young
Amos Tuck, and who met as a club People's Club in 1845, which became
to read and discuss the classics of legal the North Sutton Dramatic Associa-

Literary and Debating Societies in New Hampshire Towns

309

tion, and was active for thirty years.
Its name is unusual; but plays were a
regular feature of the exercises of the
societies and lyceums, and the Sutton
association only emphasized that fea-
ture. Another phase of the varied
interests of the societies is seen in the
name of the Literary and Moral
Societv of Wilton, which was organ-
ized between 1803 and 1813.

In the Connecticut valley, also, the
societies appear. Dublin had a Liter-
ary Society, which was established in
1824 and reorganized in 1836 as a
Lyceum. It continued until 1844, or
later. Gilsum possessed a Moral and
Literary Society, which was estab-
lished by young men in 1812; and a
Literary Society, which began in 1833.
In 1842 a Lyceum was organized and,
two years later, was reorganized and
called the Young People's Lj'ceum.
This continued until 1849; and was
the first to admit women. In Clare-
mont there was the Literary Friendly
Society with a membership of six,
which existed from 1791 to 1796; and
the United Fraternity of Young JVIen
(a name borrowed, doubtless, from
the near-by Dartmouth society),
which was in existence from 1848 to
1864, as well as others which lasted
for brief periods. Newport had two
Lyceums, one organized in 1830 and
one about 1850, which continued into
the seventies; and a Reading Circle,
which was brought together in 1833
for the reading of original and selected
pieces.

Northfield possessed a society,
which was imposing in title, if in
nothing else: the Northfield Improv-
ing Society for the Promotion of Use-
ful Knowledge. It was incorporated
in 1818 with power to make by-laws,
lev}' fines up to five dollars, and dis-
franchise members. Formal appli-
cations and recommendations were
prescribed for candidates for member-
ship. It was a literary and debating
society, and sought to build up a
Ubrary. In 1820 it had eight active
members, twenty-four volumes in its
librar}', and one dollar and fifty cents

in its treasury. This seems to be as
prosperous as it ever was. It con-
tinued in name, at least, until 1842.
Across Winnipcsaukee the Wolfeboro
Lyceum, which began in 1820, had
both student and town members.
But one mention of societies, or lyce-
ums, from the northern portion of the
state has been noted in the sources of
information which have been avail-
able for this paper. Others must,
certainly, have existed in the upper
Connecticut valley and in other
centers of population. But, for the
most part, in the period when the
institution was vital and influential,
the settlements were small and scat-
tered; as a consequence a society
would have to draw from a wide area
to make its numbers strong; but even
then the difficulties of winter travel
would interfere with its success. The
societies, which did exist, must have
been small, and, for this reason, have
escaped mention in local history.

Before going more closely into the
organization and activities of the
literary societies, it will be well to
mention some societies of special char-
acter, which existed in this state, as
in many others. First among these
are the musical societies. The Han-
delian Musical Society at Amherst is
described as "long established" in
1810, when it joined with the Handel
Society of Dartmouth, the Middlesex
Society of Townsend, Mass., and a
musical society of Concord, in a cam-
paign to improve church music.
The following year they held a musical
exhibition at Amherst; the program
consisted of a prayer, an oration, an
anthem, a chorus, and several hymns.
At Newport an Instrumental Musical
Society was incorporated in 1815.
There was also a Sullivan County
musical convention, which was held
annually for a considerable number of
3^ears. The Gilmanton Theological
Seminary started a Sacred Music
Society shortly after its opening in
1836. These musical societies are at
one with the literary societies in that
their object was to bring the people

310

The Granite Monthly

together for mutual improvement
and mutual enjoyment. The Gihiian-
ton Seminary also had a Society of
Inquiry respecting Missions. These
were frequent in the colleges in the
early days of the missionary move-
ment, and spread outside to some
extent. An attempt was made, with-
out noteworthy success, to bring
farmers together for lectures and dis-
cussions in the hope of improving
methods of farming. This was done
through agricultural societies, .like
the Rockingham Farmers' Club at
Exeter. Among the literary societies,
which have been mentioned, the
names not infrequently indicate spe-
cial attention to certain activities —
the Sutton Dramatic Associations,
the Portsmouth Foreign Society, the
Wilton Literary and Moral Society.
Moral societies were widespread in
the 3'^ears after 1800, and labored to
better the low moral conditions which
then prevailed.

Important in the ejQS of every
society were its constitution and by-
laws. These furnished the basis of
its organization, and guided it in all
its activities. The American belief in
the supreme efficacy of a written con-
stitution is nowhere more clearly seen
than here. They were the bill of
rights of the individual member to
protect him against the over-zealous
authority of the officers and the
tyranny of the majority; and, as such,
were constantly appealed to. If inter-
est in the meetings lagged, or the
activities of the society seemed to any
member, or group of members, to be
stagnating, the remedy was usually
sought in an amendment to the con-
stitution or by-laws. The ceaseless
recurrence of these attempts make
them seem puerile, as they really were ;
nevertheless, they furnished valuable
instruction and practice in dealing
with problems of organization and
legislation in business or in public life.
The constitutions, too, show the in-
fluence of the eighteenth century polit-
ical philosophy with its unbounded

confidence in the value of abstract
statements of rights — best illustrated
by the Declaration of Independence.
They invariably begin with a declara-
tion of objects and purposes, written
in a formal and stilted style, so much
at variance with our present-day sim-
plicity and realism, that it is amusing
— not impressive, as it was to its
authors.

The members of the Claremont
Literary Friendly Society ''solemnly
engage, like a little band of Brothers,
to support and assist each other in
ascending the grades of literature."
At South Lyndeborough the founders
declare their wish to organize a
lyceum "to prepare ourselves more
fully to perform our duties as Ameri-
can citizens." The preamble to the
constitution of the Literary Adelphi of
Salisbury Academy declares its pur-
pose to be : Social intercourse, friend-
ship, interchange of ideas and opin-
ions, literary improvement, and the
promotion of morality and virtue.
The latter objects are specifically in-
culcated in the constitution of the
Gilsum Moral and Literary Society
by the provision that members abstain
from drunkenness and profanity.
Friendship is always, or almost always,
emphasized.

The constitutions also made provision
for the preservation of secrecy, when
the societies were secret, as was usually
the case in the colleges and academies,
and sometimes in the towns. Where
a society had but six or nine members,
as in the first Claremont society, regu-
lations were hardh' necessary to guard
its exercises and its business from
outside knowledge. In larger socie-
ties they were; and we have secret
mottoes — hidden under initials, as in
college fraternities today, — solemn
pledges, and other instrumentalities
for preserving the mysteries. Some-
times expedients were carried to
amusing extremes. The Demosthe-
nian Society at New Ipswich Academy
wrote its constitution and records in a
cipher, known to but three persons.
Finally, but one of the three re-

Literary and Debating Societies in New Hampshire Towns

311

mained, and he was made permanent
secretary, rather — we are left to
assume — than admit others to a
knowledge of the key. Love of the
mysterious, and the interest which it
arouses in the uninitiated, were,
doubtless, motives which prompted
the provision for secrecy in society
affairs. The real and practical reason,
however, was the desire to remove
that fear of ridicule for failures, which
so often deters the inexperienced
from attempting, unabashed, to utter
their thoughts on the platform, and
thus from training themselves for any
life-work which requires public speak-
ing. Perhaps, too, in the midst of the
rather strict conformity of a century
ago, secrecy prompted young men to
think more unrestrainedly and to ex-
press their thoughts, or questionings,
more boldly than they would have
dared to do had pubUcity laid them
liable to disapproval or condemnation;
and thus broadened their ideas as
individuals, and, in the mass, liber-
alized public opinion. Almost with-
out exception the secret societies gave
up their mysteries and secret mot-
toes and the terrifying rites which they
were sometimes believed to indulge
in, when the Anti-Masonic wave
swept over the country in the thirties.
But many preserved the secrecy of
their business meetings — especially in
the election or rejection of members.
Of the officers little need be said.
They were the customarj' function-
aries: President, Vice-President, Sec-
retary (who usually added the treas-
urership to his duties). Librarian
(when the society had, or hoped to
have, a Ubrary), and Editors (when
the society conducted and read at its
meetings a manuscript paper). Com-
mittees and other officers were elected
to care for business not within the
province of those enumerated, or for
matters which would make undue
demands on their time. Most fre-
quent of these special officers is the
Critic — indeed, he might well be
added to the fist of those regularly
chosen. His function was to watch

the proceedings, and make note of
errors in pronunciation and the use of
words, of oratorical defects and man-
nerisms in the performers; and of de-
portment and courtesy in the audient
members. At the close of the meet-
ing he delivered a critique, based on
his observations, and supplemented,
if he chose, with general sugges-
tions concerning the condition and
welfare of the society in general. The
critique offered an excellent opportu-
nity for the display of humor, or of
sarcasm.

Membership in a society was ob-
tained through election. There was,
with a few exceptions, a single class
of members; but, now and then, a
society had a qualified membership,
preparatory to full membership; and
most added honorary members to
their roll. The admisision of women
came with their admission to the same
educational privileges which men en-
joyed. Sometimes they had sepa-
rate societies; and sometimes the
existing men's societies amended their
constitutions by removing sex restric-
tions and thus admitting them on an
equal footing. Societies of special
form of organization might have
corresponding membership qualifica-
tions. Thus the Exeter House of
Delegates had one member for each
state in the Union; and these were
divided into parties — twelve Demo-
crats, twelve Whigs, and six Free
Soilers.

The meetings were held at regular
intervals of a week, a fortnight, a
month, or a longer period. They were
limited to the cool (or cold) months
in the town societies; in the academies
they were limited by the school terms.
Once a year, sometimes oftener, there
was a public meeting, or exhibition.
To the regular meetings — if the society
were not secret — visitors were often
invited. In them a constitutional
order of exercises was followed, which
varied from society to society in
detail, but which followed the same
general lines. The business portion
of the meeting occupied considerable

312

The Granite Monthly

time, especially when an election of
officers occurred at which factions,
or the supporters of rival leaders,
struggled for control of the society or
for the election of their favorites.
The terms of office were rarely a year
in length in the college and academy
societies. Short terms enabled more
members to gain experience and to
share the honors of office. Much
time was consumed, again, when
members took opportunity to extend
their knowledge of parliamentary
procedure by raising points of order
and supporting them strenuously.
But this time was not wasted, even
when part of the literary program had
to be postponed in consequence.

The leading feature of the program
was the debate, usually led by two
disputants on the affirmative and two
on the negative. Volunteers were
permitted, in fact encouraged, to
speak from the floor. Sometimes the
roll was called and each member must
then speak or decline to say anything.
The debate was decided by vote,
either on the merits of the debate, of
the question, or of both in turn.
Declamations, readings, essays, and
occasionally dialogues, mock trials,
and music completed the program.
Frequently a manuscript paper was
edited, composed of contributions in
prose or verse by members, and read
before the society by the editor. Its
aim was to amuse as well as to instruct ;
and this was often accomplished at
the expense of fellow-members, or, in
the academies, of instructors. The
Preceptor of New Ipswich Academy,
who was also a member of the De-
mosthenian Society, was held up to
scorn in its paper of 1801, The New
Year's Gift, for asking pay,

"Because he heard the brethren speak
Their pieces, once or twice a week. "

The Candia Literary Club had a
weekly, called the Flying Battle- Axe,
the reading of which caused much
excitement and merriment; and the
Gilsum Lyceum one, called the People's
Organ, and, later, the Gilsum Pioneer.

The North Hampton Society had a
monthly, the Star of Social Reform.
The founder of the society was a
Unitarian minister and Frank B. San-
born was a prominent member. Evi-
dently the spirit of reform was abroad
in it — as was often the case. Sim-
ilar publications — if we may call them
that — were edited in many other
places.

The subjects of the essays and de-
bates ranged over the whole field of
public affairs and the scholarly, liter-
ary, moral, and religious as well.
Slavery, the great national question
in the half-century when the societies
flourished, furnished many subjects.
The Bunker Hill monument was
partly built; but work stopped and it
was a question whether it would ever
be completed. This, the Candia Lit-
erary Club found of sufficient interest
to debate: "Ought the Bunker Hill
monument to be finished at once?"
The Nulla Mora at Exeter debated on
the influences, whether good or bad,
which factories had on their opera-
tives. At Portsmouth the South
Parish Society listened to addresses on
the "Necessity of a Positive Revela-
tion, and Love of God"; the Lyceum
to an address on " National Standards
of Costume, " and the Foreign Society
to one (in 1823) on the "Duty of the
L^nited States and the European
Powers to Aid the Greeks against the
Turks. "

Societies in the academies relig-
iously attempted to build up libraries
— attempts which were sometimes
successful in a degree, and sometimes
were utter failures. The various so-
cieties at the Gilmanton Seminary
had libraries, as did the two at Hamp-
ton Academy. The Adelphi at
Hopkinton Academy had a small
library; and when Professor Sanborn
took some of the pupils to his school
at Contoocook a dispute arose over
the division thereof which ended in a
fight in which the books were divided
between the factions in proportion to
their fighting abihties, the stronger

Literary and Debating Societies in New Hampshire Towns

313

winning the more plunder. The acad-
emies at Mont Vernon and New
Ipswich had good hbraries, thanks to
gifts from Hon. Nathan Appleton.
At the latter the library was finally
united with the school library, a very
usual procedure. Some of our col-
leges have founded their libraries on
the books of their literary societies.
The town societies, on the other hand,
did little in accumulating libraries —
for this function was performed by
another institution.

The life of the societies, as an insti-
tution, coincides very nearly with the
Ufe of the ''Social Libraries." These
were owned by associations which
were ordinarily incorporated. We
find them at Dover in 1792, at Derry-
field in 1795, at Northfield in 1801,
and at many other places at the same
period. The proprietors of these
libraries were drawn from the same
circles as the members of the literary
societies ; but there was no formal con-
nection between them. A town might
have a Social Library, and, at the
same time, a literary society which
had its own library. This was true
at Dublin, where the Social Library
was founded in 1793 and the society
in 1824. The two libraries were
united in 1835 as the Dublin Union
Library*. These early libraries some-
times preserved their collections in-
tact until the public library movement
appeared, when their books went to
start public libraries — as did those of
the societies in the academies and
colleges to start academy and college
libraries; but the great majority of
them failed to keep up their organiza-
tion and allowed their books to be
dispersed. Their book plates are
frequently met with on the book-
shelves of our colonial houses. It
might occur, however, that the found-
ers and members of a society were
collectors of books and museum ob-
jects, as well as disciples of oratory
and literature. They started libraries
and collections which have, in some
cases, developed into important insti-
tutions. In New Hampshire the lead-

ing, if not the only, instance of this
activity is found in the Philomathic
Club at Hopkinton. Its three orig-
inal members, subsequently increased
to seven, were enthusiastic collectors,
and brought together books and
objects of interest whenever they
could obtain them. This continued,
and in due time the club became the
New Hampshire Antiquarian Society.
In 1889 the Society received the gift
of a worthy building — a Memorial to
William H. Long — in which to house
its library and museum. Its suc-
cess is due to the life-long interest and
endeavors of Rev. Silas Ketchum,
one of the three founders.

Every movement in political and
social life has its basis in the people,
who respond — unconsciously, it may
be — to new ideas and influences, react
on each other, and thus bring forth
new policies, codes, and institutions.
The literary and debating societies
were built on such a foundation in the
ambitious days of our national youth.
But these movements require leaders
— men who have the gift of clearly
and consciously embodying in them-
selves the aspirations of the people,
and the power of leadership to bring
them to realization. The hterary
societies were founded and sustained
by such a process; and a minor cause
of their decline and disappearance in
the older states is to be found in the
departure of so many of the ablest
and most energetic young men to
other states— the frontier states, es-
pecially — where opportunities for ad-
vancement and success were greater,
and in the temporary or utter loss of
such men through the Civil War.

The academy societies were often
founded by, or through the efforts of,
the teachers — notably those who had
been members of college societies.
The Demosthenian Society at New
Ipswich Academy was started with
the aid, and under the inspiration, of
John Hubbard, the versatile and
influential first Preceptor (1789-1795),
a graduate of Dartmouth and later a

314 The Granite Monthly

professor there. He was, as we have his ability as a speaker and debater
seen, a member of the society, and was aroused great interest in its meetings,
not averse to adding to his meagre Such men did much to make a society
salary by fees for aiding his brethren, successful; and, on the other hand,
Alumni, also, helped the societies in many of them trained themselves in
various ways — especially when they these societies for their public life,
had been members. But the lead- Their tributes to the value of this
ers among the students, themselves, training is the best proof that we have
occupy a higher place in the history of of the reality of the education which
the society than do either teachers or these societies furnished,
alumni. This is preeminently true of In the days of our parents and
the sustaining of interest after they grandparents the intelligent country
were started. The knowledge and family did not, as now, disperse itself
experience of teachers was invaluable over a well-warmed house, each
at the outset. Most of the boys member reading in silence by his own
would have only very vague ideas of lamp, or electric light; they met, as a
such societies, and would be utterlj^ united group, around the fireplace for
lacking in knowledge of the machinery warmth and to save candles. There
by which their purposes were carried was not a book, or magazine, or news-
out; for we must remember that the paper for each one; but only one for
societies were secret in the decades all — a newspaper, perhaps, which one
when the institution was in full of the boys had travelled many miles
vitality, and in many cases in the to obtain. This was read aloud, and
decades of its decline. When they its contents discussed. And thus it
had determined to found a society, is, as we go from the home to the
they needed the aid of a teacher, or larger gatherings — the circle around
alumnus, to help them put their pro- the stove of the country store (dear to
ject into working form and start it on the cartoonist of today, whose humor
its way. This once done, success has a point which he does not suspect),
depended upon the leaders in their the local political gatherings, and the
own ranks. state and national assemblages for
At the New Hampton Institution, discussion, deliberation, and enact-
the Social Fraternity was founded by ment. It was the permeation of the
John Wentworth, a student from 1828 nation with these modes of expression
to 1832. He afterwards graduated (the vocal) which produced the liter-
from Dartmouth, became a lawyer, ary and debating societies, as well as
and went to Chicago ; there he was the great preachers and advocates and
influential in establishing municipal orators of our earlier history. In the
government, was mayor, a member of biographies — notably the campaign
Congress, and in other ways an active biographies — of the political leaders
citizen. He was known, the country of Vice-President Wilson's generation,
over, as "Long John Wentworth." we find repeated reference to their
Rev. Samuel Worcester, a prominent careers in the societies and lyceums.
Congregational minister and an early and to the political and administrative
officer of its foreign mission board, ability which they there displayed,
was one of the founders of the Demos- We must guard ourselves against
thenian Society at New Ipswich; and accepting the fulsome praise which is
extracts from an oration before the bestowed upon their boyhood efforts
Society, delivered October 11, 1791, for political effect; but we may
are printed in his Life as his earliest accept — with necessary reservation —
literary production to be preserved, the fact of their leadership and their
In the early days of the society at the success (often hard won) as speakers;
Wolfeboro Academy, Henry Wilson and, as we follow their public careers,
was a member and (we are told) by we may realize how dominant in those

Literary and Debating Societies in New Hampshire Towns

315

generations were the vocal forms of
expression.

What has boon said of leadership in
academy societies may be accepted as
true of the town societies ; but the
material for tracino- its manifestations
is less accessible, and the task is un-
necessary in view of the close relation-
ship between the two. This relation-
ship, as well as what has been said of
the societies as one of the organs of
popular education, is well illustrated
in the great festal days, which, up to
a (piai'ter or half-century ago, were
celebrated by our colleges, academies,
and literary societies; their commence-
ments, exhibitions, and anniversaries;
for in content of program the three
were practically identical. Present
day commencements have, in most
institutions, changed into ceremonial
functions.

The older type of commencement
and the exhibition go back to the ear-
liest days of our colleges. The schools
and academies adopted them, as a
matter of course. They were held
annually in the academy conducted
by Rev, Simon AVilliams at Windham
from 1768 to 1790 — a famous school
which drew pupils, some of whom be-
came famous, from as far aAvay as
Boston, Nathan Appleton, the noted
merchant and philanthropist, who
was born at New Ipswich in 1779,
records that his first public appear-
ance was in the town school, and. also,
that he then wore for the first time a
jacket and trousers (the latter of red
calamanco). Before 1800 the exhibi-
tions were in full swing, and they
maintained their vigor down to the
middle of the nineteenth century.

They were sometimes held in the
schoolroom, or in a hall. But in 1800,
and in most towns for a half-century
after, very few halls existed; and the
exhibitions — unless Cjuite unpreten-
tious — were held (as Avere the college
commencements, the town-meetings,
and other assemblages whether
secular or religious) in the meeting-
house. We have already noted that

the idea of community enlightenment
and entertainment was the motive
behind the activities of the literary
societies; and we may now note the
use of the church as a community
center — a use which savors, at once,
of the school social center and of the
institutional church. This use is
centuries old; its present vogue is a
revival, not an innovation.

The Windham Academy exhibitions
were sometimes held in the Presby-
terian Church of which Mr. Williams
was minister. For the Chesterfield
Academy exhibitions a stage floor was
built in front of the pulpit on timbers
laid over the pews. The whole was
enclosed in curtains, and a carpet was
borrowed when they had come into
use. (In 1830, so a student of that
time writes, there were not over half
a dozen in town.) Black-coated trus-
tees, sitting in a row at the rear of the
stage, served with the pulpit as a
background. At the Lancaster and
Salisbury Academies and at the
Baptist New Hampton Institution we
find like use of the church. The same
was the case at Sutton where one of
the Dramatic Associations sometimes
transformed the tall pulpit into an
orchestra for the musicians.

In one respect, at least, the old meet-
ing-house did not feel strange, when
used as a theatre — in the length of the
performance. Our forefathers took
their pleasures, as they did their
religion, in large doses. The time
required to walk, or drive, in from
their farms compelled this. They
devoted the Sabbath, both forenoon
and afternoon, to the latter, and
likewise they usually devoted the
whole day and sometimes the evening
as well to an exhibition. One at
Chesterfield Academy in 1846 began
at nine in the morning; there were
seven . numbers in this session, the
same in the afternoon, and nine in the
evening session, which must have
held the audience until well towards
midnight. A Lancaster Academy ex-
hibition in 1844 began at five in the
afternoon, and consisted of nine parts

316 The Granite Monthhj

and five pieces of music. A student fair; for lemonade, confectionery, soap

at New Hampton in 1840-43 men- and other articles were sold by the

tions exhibitions of sixty to seventy numerous booth-keepers who assem-

parts; but they were probably gradua- bled to ply their trade,

tion exercises. Dinner and supper It is interesting, as well as amusing,

were served in the intermissions be- to see what were some of the parts

tween sessions, and formed no unim- which were taken in these exhibi-

portant part of the day's festivities. tions by men who afterwards became

The exercises began with prayer; famous. Nathan Appleton, while at
and continued with selected or orig- New Ipswich Academy before 1794,
inal orations (sometimes in other played "Belcour" in the T^es^ Indian
languages than English), essays, dia- and "Marplot" in the 5 us?/-5ody. In
logues, farces, comedies, tragedies, and 1801 Edward Payson; later the fa-
music. The program of the Lan- mous pastor of the Second Congrega-
caster exhibition of 1844 was as tional Church in Portland, Me. (who
follows: Prayer; Salutatory Oration; was most retiring and absorbed in
Dialogue, The Archers, from Ivanhoe; thought in his later years but fond of
Original Oration, Our School; Drama, social pleasures in his younger) , took
Richelieu; Original Oration; Farce, part in an exhibition in his native
The Omnihris; Tragedy, The Revenge; town of Rindge. He played the role,
Comedy, College Life; the whole inter- in a drama, of a profligate and dis-
spersed with five pieces of music. The sembler; and we are told that he
plays were usually selected ; but occa- played it with life and energy,
sionally were written by a teacher or General John A. Dix in his boyhood
student for the occasion. days at Boscawen attended Salisbury

How popular and important the Academy — of which Stephen H. Long

exhibitions were, may be seen from of Hopkinton, the distinguished army

various rules and statements con- and railroad engineer and famous

cerning them which have come down western explorer, was then Preceptor

to us. The by-laws of Chesterfield — early in the second decade of the

Academy enjoined students to prepare nineteenth century. While there he

carefully for exhibitions so as " to participated in an exhibition ; and has

preserve the reputation of the Acad- left in his Memoirs an account of the

emy. " And we are told — what is no event, which is worth quoting in full,

doubt true — that, " Few theatres were in closing this paper, both from its

probably ever more popular with the personal interest and because it is an

dwellers in a large city, than were unsurpassed description of an insti-

these exhibitions with the inhabitants tution, which held such a prominent

of Chesterfield and the neighboring and vital position in the education and

towns." In 1819 the trustees abol- social life of his generation:

ished them, because they encroached "I also made good progress as a

too heavily on time required for study speaker. A few years later an emi-

— a common complaint in all acade- nent tragedian, who had given me a

mies; but they were compelled to series of lessons in elocution, said to

restore them in answer to popular my father, then in command of a

demand. Sometimes the church was regiment in the army of the United

so crowded at these Chesterfield func- States, 'Colonel, your son has great

tions that additional supports had to constitutional facilities for becoming

be placed under the galleries to keep an orator.' I believe this was the

them from falling. The New Hamp- judgment — though it would have been

ton anniversary was a holiday for expressed in less sounding phrase — of

that and the surrounding towns; and the preceptor, the pupils, and the

the people came in crowds from far people of the surrounding country,

and near. It was a veritable country for it was not long before I appeared

Literary and Debating Societies in New Hampshire Towns

317

before them as a public speaker.
The occasion to which I refer was the
senii-aniiual exhibition, or rather the
exhibition, as it was approjH-iately
termed. To be more accurate, the
examination of the students, which
took phice at the academy, was fol-
lowed by an exhibition at the meeting-
house of the oratorical and dramatic
powers of the pupils.

"It was o-ot up with the most
studied preparation and all the scenic
effect of a country theatre. The
pews, occupying about one-third of
the area of the building, were boarded
over and converted into a stage, re-
serving a small space in the rear for
robing. It was an era in the lives of
those of us who had never witnessed a
dramatic performance. I had read
all of Goldsmith's and most of Shake-
speare's plan's, but had not the faint-
est conception of the mode in which
they were represented. One of the
older pupils, who had a knack at
painting, got up some sketches of
trees and foliage for the sides and
background of the stage. We had no
shifting scenes; and as we came to
the performances, which were quite
varied, it occurred to me that the
actors, when they should, according
to the book, have been conversing in
drawing-rooms or streets, were al-
ways holding communion with each
other in umbrageous solitudes. The
drop-curtain was unexceptionable. It
was muslin of a fiery red: and to my
sight the effect, as it rose or fell, con-
ceahng or displaying the green trees
behind it, was gorgeous beyond any-
thing I had conceived. I think it
made the same impression on the
spectators, who were, at least nine
out of ten, inhabitants of the neigh-
boring country, and as ignorant as
myself of dramatic representations.
Ours commenced in the morning
about ten o'clock, and lasted till one.
After that we had an intermission of
an hour for dinner. At two they
recommenced, and continued till eight
in the evening.

"It was midsummer, and in that

northern latitude the twilight ran far
into the night. We played 'The
Taming of the Shrew' with unbounded
applause. The genteel portions of
the comedy were, as I thought, glo-
rious; but the drunken tinker filled the
measure of my conception in regard
to the power of imitation. I was, in
fact, so convulsed with laughter that
the performance which was to follow,
and in which I was to bear the most
distinguished part, was at one time in
imminent peril of miscarriage. It
was a dialogue between David and
Goliath, taken from one of Hannah
More's sacred dramas. I need not
say which part was assigned to me.
When the preceptor proposed it I
shrunk from it, as far exceeding my
powers. I was only familiar with the
history of the giant and his j'outhful
antagonist through the seventeenth
chapter of the First Book of Samuel.
I knew I was to be armed with a sling,
and I was somewhat familiar with its
use, but I did not think myself suffi-
ciently expert to hit my adversary in
the forehead in good faith and actually
bring him to the ground, as I took it
for granted the spectators would
expect — at least with a reasonable
resemblance to the realit}'. But when
I read Miss More's poetical version of
the meeting, which the preceptor put
into my hands, and found that after
the challenge had been given and
accepted the parties, by virtue of the
Exeunt (that ingenious device of the
play-writers), were to retire, leaving
the audience to learn the particulars
of the combat from Abner, the cap-
tain of the host — in a word, when I
found that the impossibilities of the
drama were to be enacted behind the
scenes, I entered upon my task with
the utmost enthusiasm. I may truly
say, in modern phrase, that my per-
formance was 'a great success' — I do
not think the drunken tinker carried
away as many laurels as myself. My
adversary was an overgrown youth of
some twenty-two years of age, who
had just left the plough and com-
menced his classical education with a

318

The Granite Monthhj

view to the ministry. He was full
six feet in height, and his frame was
dilated and hardened by field labor.
When he stood before me and waved
his enormous wooden spear over my
head, with these terrific words —

'Around my spear I'll twist thy shining locks,
And toss in air thy head all gashed with
wounds' —

(a feat to which he was quite equal),
the intrepedity with which I with-
stood and defied the giant was rap-
turously applauded. But when I,
a mere stripling, bade my colossal
adversary follow me out, and pro-
nounced the concluding lines — -

'The God of battle stimulates my arm,
.\iid fires my soul with ardor not its own,'

the enthusiasm of the audience was
boundless. I was called back upon
the stage to receive the congratula-
tions of the admiring spectators.

The meeting-house was crowded.
Hundreds of bright eyes looked down
upon me from the galleries. Tumult-
uous applause greeted my reappear-
ance. I did not know that this was a
common occurrence in theatrical life.
It seemed to me a new-born distinc-
tion, the off-spring of an unexampled
success. My triumph was complete.
It was the greatest day of my life. I
felt that I had done a noble deed. I
do not think that David himself could
have been better satisfied with his own
performance in the original drama.
. . . My triumph was not a
mere ephemeral achievement of the
day. For a long time I saw myself
noticed by the country people as they
passed me in their wagons; and on
one occasion a red-cheeked girl driv-
ing by pointed me out to her com-
panion as blooming as herself, and I
heard her say, 'There's the fine little
fellow that acted David.' "

HOSPITALITY

By Frances Crosby Hamlet

Outside the storm beats on the pane,
Our hearthfire's glow is bright;

Our thoughts enfold the many guests
We've welcomed here at night.

So many lives have touched our own

Around the cheery flame,
And deeper pleasures have we known

Since, passing, here they came.

Then be they near, or be they far,

Or cjuick or even dead,
God bless all those, where'er they are,

This roof hath sheltered.

THROUGH THE YEAR IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

No. 5

Bij^Rev. Roland D. Sawyer

July

''1 am iievt'i- long in the woods before 1 am
possessed by a spirit like what the Greeks
imagined Pan to have. A fearful pleasure.
The low winds whisjier to me, the i)ranches
wave above me, they flutter as does my heart.
In sueli a time I sit in awe, joy and tears.
And the awe deepens, and joy quiekens — and
I feel like the child Samuel in the temple
waiting for the Lord to speak." — WiUiatti
Mountford.

As a New Hampshire child and l>oy
I hked to play in the cool inviting
woods on a hot July day, and since I
reached the perfect adult age (thirty-
three), I have each summer camped in
my little cleared grove of pines in an
old New Hampshire pasture. In July
I each year take to the woods. And
I soon encounter that mystic experi-
ence of joy that Mountford celebrates
in the words I quote above. July is
the vacation month of a lot of people,
but onh' those who spend it tenting
out in a New Hampshire pine grove
really know the deepest joys. And if
one has the good fortune like myself,
to pitch that tent on the spot hallowed
by memories of boyhood and with
parents still living, then does he in-
deed find a jo}' that no other expe-
rience in life can give its equal.
What a great joy comes to me today!

The Sublime Joys of a July Day

I am lying on the breast of Mother-
Earth, the rich brown of a carpet of
pine-needles beneath me. It is cool
and restful here, a gentle breeze is
swa\'ing the pines. The trees about
the pines are arrayed in the richest,
fullest leafage of the 3'ear, and out
yonder in the fields the green is varied
by the golden hues of the buttercups,
daisies and dandelions. The air is
alive with the sounds from tiny beat-
ing wings and insects chants. Rays
from the great hot summer sun pry
through the pine branches to seek my
hiding place, and through other rifts
I watch the clouds chasing across the
blue sky. The hillsides vibrate with
heat, the streams are drying and the

mud beginning to crack. The long
grass is falling before the scythes of
the mowers or before the keen blade
of the merrily singing machines, and
the friendly breezes bring me whiffs of
the sweet-smelling fresh-cut hay. I
have broken all fetters, my soul is free,
and I am as happy and complacent as
God himself as I look upon the great,
green world in its beauty. Some men
think that fame, money, travel, etc.,
are needed in order to be happy, but
I know better. Hoav much wiser was

The Sweet Sanity of Jefferies

In his "Pageant of Summer," where
he shows us "It is quite enuf to lie in
the shadow of green boughs and
listen to the songs of summer, drink in
the sunlight, the air, flowers, the sky,
the beauty of all." Thoreau, Whit-
man, Jefferies, Burroughs are the men
who in modern times have known,
above all others, the worth of all this;
but back farther St. Francis, Jesus,
Theocritus knew it full well.

The Sweetness of the July Night

Follows the July day — the warm,
balmy night in the woods, when all is
dark, the noises of the day hushed in
the glorious sunset. And this night
brings its own peculiar sweetness in
the shape of a different set of odors,
sounds, and thrills. The joys of the
July day are thus twenty-four hours
long, and to the appreciative heart
that touches a July day at any point
of time there is a feeling of ecstasy.

And so I am lying here, drimken
with the joys of a July day in a New
Hampshire bit of pine woodland.
The world is ablaze with the life of
the big July sun, everything quivers,
thrills, with joy. At other times
Nature makes us feel complacent
and happy in a restful sort of way, but
today she makes us hilarious in our
joy — one catches the spirit of the birds
that flit about the pines, and his happy
heart cannot keep still a single minute.

A GRANITE STATE AUTHOR

A New Hampshire author and com-
poser who is becoming known to the
pubhc is James T. Weston, author of
"The Pine and the Pahn," a stirring

James T. Weston

patriotic exercise for children, and
composer of a companion song of the
same title.

Mr. Weston was born in Stoddard,
the son of William and Sarah A.
(Wilder) Weston. His present home
is in Hancock. As a boy Mr. Weston
showed a tendency for literary effort

and from youth has contributed to>
various periodicals.

Recently he has established a pub-
lishing plant to aid his work and as a
result his patriotic compositions were
presented in many towns on Memorial
Day.

Mr. Weston is now at work on a
noteworthy composition, "The New
England Anthem,'' which will be
published in time for Old Home Week
use. The score is well suited to the
words, which beautifully portray the
charm of mountains, woods, and
lakes and the New Englander's love
of home.

Mr. Weston's works are not all of
serious mood, however, for he has
written an extremely funny farce,
" The Tin Teacup," and several mirth-
provoking songs, and has now in
preparation a series of "Mountain
Stories" which, while describing the
early pioneer days of New Hampshire
in a faithful way, present a continuity
of unexpected, humorous situations.
These stories are essentially for lovers
of the great outdoors.

The products of Mr. Weston's
genius are sure to attract more and
more the attention of the public.

Mr. Weston's wife, Emma Coolidge
Weston, has written stories for chil-
dren's magazines in spite of her blind-
ness, and was one of the first to assist
in forming a New Hampshire Associa-
tion for the Blind.

THE EULOGY OF THE FLAG

By James T. Weston

O flag, our flag, in some land distant far
From those we love and long the most to sec,
Where stranger tides flow on to stranger ports
And foreign scenes have tired our weary eyes,
Then, when we see our banner floating free
High o'er the city's sordid streets and ways
O! the heart leaps and happy tears will flow;
Then dost thou speak in accents beautiful
Of that dear homeland far bej^ond the seas;
And mothers bring their eldest sons to thee
And whisper to them so that none can hear,
"America, my son, America."

Where the navies of the world are floating,
Proud on the ocean's widely swelling tides,
There thou hast no reason to be ashamed
Of thy nation or of thy men and ships.
Or of the men and ships that have so often
Carried thee bravely through the fire and flame
Of many fierce sea-fights to victory.
Glory to thee and for thy heroes praise.
For the brave soldiers of the Grand Army
We twine the laurel and we wreath the bay.
We give the glory of our flag to thee,
And all our hearts' best love and sympathy.

To all those who sacrificed their lives for their Country and their Flag, and'
who are resting now beneath the elms and maples of the North and the mag-
nolias of the South, and especially for those who sleep in unknown graves,
we sing our sweetest songs and strew our choicest fiowers, and promise them
that no stain shall ever come upon our precious banner of the Stars and
Stripes.

Flag, our Flag, all hail to thee!
In the far islands of the sea
Thou art the emblem of the free.
Thy stripes are bleached by widow's sighs,
From martyrs' blood thy crimson dyes,
Thy stars from rocky summits hewed.
Thy silken folds are oft bedewed
With tears from orphaned eyes.
The beacon fires of Freedom burned
To give thee to the world.
And Innocence can rest secure
Where'er thou art unfurled.
In ev'ry land thy name shall be
The Goddess, pure, of Liberty.
Hancock, N. H.

EDITORIAL

Good citizenship, which means, lives in its present unwieldy bulk, but

among other things, intelligent cit- when debate is as lacking as was the

izenship, is among the aims and ideals case at the session of 1919 even this

of every right-minded man and advantage is lost,
woman. Whether or no our nation We certainly need a more general

has this sort of citizenship in the same dissemination of interest in and

liigh degree of which it could boast a information about the great problems

few generations ago is a serious and of today, state and national, among

much-debated question. It is one of our people. There ought to be

the prolDlems which our new school some better way than now exists for

law is intended to help to solve. It making audible the popular demand

is a matter in which the cooperation for such reforms as the abolition of

of every helpful influence in our com- the liquor traffic, the extension of

munity life should be sought earnestly suffrage to women, a league for inter-

and given freely. One of the factors national justice and safety, more

wliich was effective in this direction efficiency and less politics in all our

years ago is described with readable government units and operations, the

interest and historical value by one of conservation of our resources, mate-

the contributors to this issue, Mr. rial and spiritual. There ought to be

Asa Currier Tilton, in his article on some way in which our colleges, acad-

New Hampshire town and academy emies and public schools could lead in

debating societies. All of his readers, this good work as they did in the

we think, will be convinced of the days of which Mr. Tilton writes,

good work which those societies did in The churches could aid — are aiding,

"imparting knowledge, arousing inter- by the "open forums" wliich have

est, stimulating thought and increas- been mentioned. The Village Im-

ing the power of articulate expression, provement Societies, the Parent-

In what way and form this influence Teachers Associations, the Woman's

for good can be restored to our com- Clubs, the Granges and Farmers'

munity life is a matter well worth Clubs, all forms of human association

considering. and social intercourse, are capable of

The "open forum" is an attempt helpful influence on these lines,
at it, which has been measurably sue- In the days now passing of re-
cessful in many cases and which has stricted suffrage too many votes have
failed, where it has failed, because the been cast without any worthy mental
meetings have been devoted to orator- process accompanying the act. The
ical solos rather than to the free extension of the suffrage to women will
debates which are necessary if the not eliminate this regrettable tend-
real object aimed at is to be attained, ency, although it may decrease its
The lecture, address, sermon, oration, comparative extent. The ignorant
no matter how able, eloquent, in- ^ote, the careless vote, the venal vote,
forming and entertammg, does not ^he evil vote are the greatest dangers
give the same exercise to the meiital ^^^-^^^ ^^-^^ -^^ ^^^^, ^^^^^ ^^^

faculties of the communitv as does m . . ,11 j u • j. n-

,11 • c ■. ]' I r I hey must be outbalanced by intelli-

the sharpening of wits and mobiliza- / , ,, ^ _,e ^ j^ ^

tion of minds in a general discussion ^^'^^ ^^o^^^' thoughtful votes, honest

of a timelv topic of true importance, ^'^tes, votes which stand for militant

The possibilities for state leadership morality and sincere patriotism. Let

on this line of our General Court have us all do what we can to get more of

furnished the one good argument for these latter votes in New Hampshire

retaining the House of Representa- and in the nation.

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

Dawx. By Eleanor H. Porter.
Illustrated. Pp. 339. Cloth,
$1.50. Boston: Houghton Mif-
flin Company.

No other native of New Hampshire
has written books of such wide circu-
lation as those of Mrs. Eleanor
Hodgman Porter, born in Littleton,
December 19, 18G8. daughter of
Francis Fletcher and Llewella (Wool-
son) Hodgman. How her aggregate
of sales compares with that of our
leading resident author, Mr. Winston
Churchill, we do not know, but both
are flatteringly stupendous in their
totals. ]\Irs. Hodgman's apparent
method of work is as simple as it is
successful. She takes some sterling
principle of life and conduct, brings
it into personal contact with her
readers and gives it appealing form by
embodying it in the attractive per-
sonality of some youthful hero or
heroine, Pollyanna, David, or, in the
case of her present volume, Keith
Burton.

How Keith lost his sight and how he
felt after he lost it is described with
rather harrowing detail, which, how-
ever, forms a background of suitably
deep contrast for the happiness which
comes to him, still blind, when he
realizes that much of the best which
the world has to give, useful work for
others, true love for himself, is still
within his grasp. Mrs. Porter does
not plan complicated plots for her
stories and does not need to do so.
Character drawing is her forte and
her command of that art makes her
great success deserved. Such a type
as Susan Belts, the dea ex machina of
the story, immortalizes the New Eng-
land "hired girl," whose virtues, as
we look back upon them now, seem
almost incredible and certainly worthy
of being placed in the gallery of noted
characters of fiction. Susan, as Mrs. '
Porter draws her, is a modern com-
bination of Mrs. Malaprop and Silas
Wegg, but she is also a loyal woman
whose golden heart it is good to know.

Some of the best books for girls —
and boj^s and older people also find
them good reading — which have been
written in recent years in this country
are the work of a lady resident in
Hinsdale, N. H., who has taken the
pen name of Joslyn Gray. Issued
serially in the Youth's Companion and
afterwards published in attractive
book form by Charles Scribner's
Sons, New York, at SI. 35 net, they
have delighted thousands of readers
who hope for their continuance in
years to come. "Rusty Miller," the
most recent in the series, takes its
name from one of its principal char-
acters, a red-haired girl, with the
equipment of brains and tempera-
ment that usually accompanies such
hirsute adornment. Familiar types
of the country side, the village rich
man, the country pastor, the benevo-
lent maiden lady, the "girl who goes
to the city," and so forth, are drawn
with truth, and the story is quietly
and pleasantly interesting, and "good"
without being "preachy."

A new volume of New Hampshire
poetry is by Clark B. Cochrane of
Antrim under the title, "Songs from
the Granite Hills" (Boston: The
Gorham Press. $1.50 net). "Love
Lives Forever," the first, longest and
most ambitious poem in the collection,
serves to introduce more than a score
of other ventures in verse, religious,
philosophic, pastoral, patriotic; son-
nets and songs, ballads and hymns.
We like best "Noon by Lake Sun-
apee":

'Neath groves of maple and the tall plumed

pine
By Sunapee's fair shore we linger long;
The low waves shimmer in the noonday shine
And on the shingle hp a plaintive song.
About their nests the crooning robins throng
In leafy coverts under branches cool;
The plodding farmer, waiting for the gong,
Bathes his swart forehead in the shaded pool;
Fair as the blue depths of the quiet sky
The glistening waters spread before the eye,
While small white clouds, slow sailing from

the west.
Are mirrored in their bosom lovingly.
Below where new-l)orn lilies lie at rest
Lake affluent pearls on some fair lady's breast.

324

The Granite Monthly

From the same publishers comes an
equally neat and somewhat thicker
volume of New Hampshire verse,
being 150 "Chips from a Busy Work-
shop," that of the genial and versatile
head of Holderness School, Rev. Dr.
Loren Webster. Mr. Webster divides
his verse into Songs of Freedom, Songs
of Loyalty, Sacred Songs, The Web
of Life, Love Lyrics, Songs of Child-
hood, In Remembrance and In Lighter
Vein. Each section abounds in quot-
able bits, some of them particularh'

enjoyable to those who have the
pleasure of the Doctor's personal
acquaintance, but most of them as
general as genuine in their appeal.
We quote only the first stanza of
''New Hampshire":

All hail, ye people of the Granite State,
In acres small, in manhood's power great!
All hail! Ye sturdy sons of noble sires!
Ye daughters fair, whose hearthstones glow

with fii'es
Of patriotic love! Upon the shrine
Of Fatherland no gift excelleth thine.
All hail! brave hearts, and let the welkin ring!
Dear old New Hampshire's paeans let us sing!

Manchester, N. H.

AFTER THE WAR

(This War is a War Against Selfishness)
By Sumner F. Claflin

When the hog in human nature
Gets its final knockout blow,

And the best that we have in us
Gets a fair and equal show.

Black and white and brown aad yellow,
Belonging to the race of man.

Rise to grace God's earthly temples;
If we will we know we can.

Hate and fear cast out forever.
Faith and hope and love abide,

Bringing all the world together
In His temples purified.

All the dross purged as by fire,

We God's wisdom then may know,

When the hog in human nature
Gets its final knockout blow.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

DR. HENRY C. HOLBROOK

Henry Carroll Holbrook, M.D.. died at his
home in Penacook, May 3. The following
tril)ute to his memory is paid bj' Prof. George
W. Siunner:

To many of us in Penacook and the neigh-
boring towns the news of the death of Doctor
Holbrook brings a deep sense of personal
bereavement.

sympathies too l)road for a narrow partisan-
ship, he never shirked any of his responsibil-
ities as a citizen.

He himself felt that, outside his professional
work, the thing most worth while was the
effort he devoted to the schools. In his long
term of service on the board of education he
labored for the interests of the children of
every class and especially for the children of
the poor and the ignorant.

The Late Dr. Henry C. Holbrook

He was a lover of his kind and to him love
meant service without stint. For several
years past, handicapped by ill health, his
friends have urged him to husband his energies
but over and over again the dire need of some
fellow- man has seemed to him the call to duty,
and he has entirety forgotten himself in the
need of his patient.

Not a few^ of us are walking the streets of
Penacook in health, today, because he has
devoted to us more of his energy and his
sympathy than he could afford to give.

The epidemic of influenza last winter in-
spired him to long continued exertions, induc-
ing a physical collapse from which he never
recovered.

He was interested in everything tending
toward the welfare of the community. With

To him, more than to any other one man, is
due the establishment of Penacook High
School. He believed that everj' child should
have a chance to get all the education he could
be persuaded to secure.

For himself, his thirst for knowledge was
never satisfied. His college course was only
an introduction to the years of reading and
study which he engaged in up to the very last.

A leader in the church, he was an eager
student of all that is best in modern thought.
His changing theological beliefs left un-
changed his loyalty to the church and his
faith in its mission in the world.

In his death the medical profession, the
schools, the church, and the conmiunity have
met wath a serious loss.

To those of us who were privileged to be

326

The Granite Monthly

intimately associated with him his life will
continue to be an inspiration.

He was the son of Calvin M. and Mary J.
(Southworth) Holbrook, and was born in West
Fairlee, Vt., September 12, 1859. He was
educated in the Thetford and St. Johnsbury
academies, in Vermont, and at Dartmouth
Medical College. After completing his stud-
ies he came to Penacook in 1884 and opened
an office in Exchange Block, building up an
extensive practice not only in Penacook but in
nearby towns. He has been in failing health
for several years but continued to practice as
far as his condition would allow. He is sur-
vived by a wife, Mrs. Emma J. (Kimball)
Holbrook, one sister. Miss Hattie Holbrook of
Penacook, and two brothers, Rev. Frederick
Holbrook of Colorado and George Holbrook
of Vermont. He was a member and deacon
of the Congregational Church and a member
of Horace Chase Masonic Lodge, Trinity
Chapter, and Mt. Horeb Commandery K. T.

ANSON L. KEYES

Anson Luther Keyes, born in Lempster,
February 6, 1843, son of Orison and Lucina

Anson L. Keyes

Ann (McClure) Keyes, died May 6 at St.
Luke's Hospital in St. Paul, Minn. He was
educated at Kimball Union Academy, Dart-
mouth College, class of 1872, and Albany. Law
School, class of 1873. Since 1878 he had
practiced law at Faribault, Minn., where he

had been city attorney, county attorney and
president of the county bar association, and
was a prominent member of the state bar
association. He was a Mason, a deacon of
the Congregationalist Church, and a Repub-
lican in politics. On June 30, 1873, Mr.
Keyes married HaiTiet A. Lufkin of Great
Falls, N. H., by whom he is survived with
one daughter, Mrs. Luella K. Strong of
Oconto, Wis.

MRS. MARY P. WOODWORTH

Mrs. Mary Parker Woodworth of Concord,
leading cIuId woman, social and religious
worker, and well-known writer, speaker and
musician, died at her home in Concord June

Mrs. Mary P. Woodworth

14. She was born at Lisbon, May 3, 1849,
the daughter of Charles and Amelia (Bennett)
Parker, and was educated at St. Johnsbury,
(Vt.) Academy, the only girl in the class in
which she graduated, and at Vassar College,
the first New Hampshire girl to enter that
institution, from which she graduated with
the class of 1870. After teaching a few years
at St. Johnsbury and Bellows Falls, Vt., she
married, September 30, 1873, the late Albert
B. Woodworth, afterwards mayor of Concord.
She is survived by one daughter, Miss Grace
Woodworth of Concord, and by two sons,
Edward K. Woodworth of Concord and
Charles P. Woodworth of Boston. Mrs.
Woodworth was the first woman member of
the Concord school board, serving nine years
and until she declined reelection. She was
president of the Concord Woman's Club,
1897-99, and had been chairman, since its
establishment in 1904, of the New Hampshire
Federation of Woman's Clubs Scholarship

New Hampshire Necrology

327

Fund for the aid of girls preparing themselves
to teacli. She was a member of the Vassar
and Collegiate Aliimna> Associations and
twice i)ri'si(iciit of the Boston branch. A
communicant of St. Paul's Episcopal Church,
Mrs. Woodworth had been president, since
1912, of the diocesan woman's auxiliary to
the general board of missions.

GEORGE EDWIX SMITH

Hon. George Edwin Smith, who died in
Boston, Ai)ril 20, was born in New Hampton,
April 5, 1849, the son of David Heljard Smith
and Esther S. (Perkins) Smith. He was
graduated. A. B., from Bates College in 1873,
studied law in private offices in Lewiston, Me.,
and in 1875 was admitted to the bar in Boston.
For several years he served as attorney for
the town of Everett and under its city charter
was its first city solicitor. Mr. Smith became
a member of the Massachusetts House of
Representatives in 1883, serving also the fol-
lowing year, and in 1887 became a state sena-
tor. His service continued through four
years, the last three of which he was president
of the Senate. For six years, from 1906 until
1912, he was chairman of the Massachusetts
Harbor and Land Commissioners. Other
interests had been as a trustee of the Boston
Five Cent Savings Bank and as director of
the Massachusetts Fire and Marine Insur-
ance Company and as a member of the over-
seers of Bates College. He belonged to the
Middlesex Bar Association, the Boston Bar
Association, the Masons (Knights Templar)
the Middlesex, University and Algonquin
clubs, as well as the Tedeseo Country Club
in Swampscott, in which town his summer
residence was situated. Mr. Smith, on Oct.
31, 1876, married at West Buxton, Me.,
Sarah Frances Weld, and he is survived by
his widow. Mrs. Smith is prominent in the
Massachusetts Society of Daughters of the
Revolution, of which she has been the state
regent.

CHARLES H. TENNEY

Charles Henry Tenney, one of the foremost
figures in the hat industry in this country, who
died at his home in New York City, April 27,
was born in Salem, July 9, 1842. He began
his business career in Methuen, Mass., but
went to New York in 1868 and until his
retirement in 1914 w'as engaged successfully
in many enterprises. He was a director of
the Bowery Savings Bank, the Manhattan
Company and many other corporations and
belonged to the Metropolitan, the L^nion
League, the Lotus, the Grolier and other
clubs and the Society of Colonial Wars. He
is survived by a son, Daniel G. Tenney of
New York, his wife and three grand-children.
Mr. Tenney had erected recently as a memo-
rial to his mother a church for the Methodist
Society at Salem Center and had been a
generous benefactor of Methuen. His will.

disposing of an estate of several million dol-
lars, gave a quarter of a million to churches,
hospitals and schools in New Hampshire and
Massachusetts.

ERNEST C. WESCOTT

Ernest Charles Weseott, born at Blue Hill,
Me., September 24, 1860, the son of Stephen
B. and Marj' (Folsom) Weseott, died at
Rochester June 16. He was educated in the

Ernest C. Weseott

academy of his native town and in early life
was engaged in business at Manchester. For
fifteen years he had been in the dry goods
business at Rochester and not long since
opened a branch store at Dover. A Repub-
lican in politics, he was chosen delegate from
Ward Two, Rochester, to the Constitutional
Convention of 1918, and a member of the
Legislature of 1919, in which he served on
the committees on ways and means and state
prison. He had also served his city as pro-
bation officer. He was a member of the
various Ma.sonic bodies, lodge, chapter,
council and commandery, of the Eastern Star,
the Knights of Birmingham, the Rochester
Chamber of Commerce, of which he was a
director and publicity manager, of the
Rochester Country Club and of the Congrega-
tional Church, in which he was an officer.
During the war drives he was chairman of the
Red Cross membership conunittee in his city.
He is survived by his wife, Mrs. Edith M.
Weseott, and by one daughter, Mrs. Mildred
Newbury, of Rochester.

328

The Granite Monthly

SILAS M. DINSMOOR, M. D.

Dr. Silas Murray Dinsmoor, a well-known
physician of Keene for the past thirty-nine
years and, for twenty' years previous a practic-
ing physician in other towns in this state,
died at his home, 21 Summer street, Keene,
May 14.

He was born in Antrim, June 22, 1836, the
son of Silas and Clarissa (Copeland) Dins-
moor. After attending schools and acade-
mies at Washington and Marlow he taught

American Medical Association. He was a
member of the pension board for a time and
a member of the Elliot Hospital Staff. For
many years he served as a member of the
school board of the Union School District.

He leaves one son. Dr. Frank M. Dins-
moor of Keene; and one sister, Mrs. Virgil A.
Wright .

Doctor Dinsmoor's long and useful life was
distinguished by a successful devotion to the
ideals and the practice of his profession, which
he has bequeathed in full measure to his son.

The Late Dr. S. M. Dinsmoor

for two years at SulUvan. He attended the
medical school at the University of Vermont,
later going to Columbia Medical College at
Washington, D. C, receiving his degree in
1860. He commenced practice at Antrim,
his native place, and there and at East Wash-
ington and Francestown he spent twenty
years. He went to Keene in 1880, and until
recently had been in active practice there.
He married Georgianna Carey, September

10, 1862, at Lempster. She 'died in July,
1917. He was a member of Social Friends
liodge, A. F. and A. M.. and Asteria Chapter,
O. E. S., the Cheshire County Medical Soci-
ety and the New Hampshire Medical Society
since 1869. He was also a member of the
At the same time he was a good citizen, solici-
tous for the best interests of the community
of which he was for so many years a respected
resident.

"\.

HON. JOHN W. WEEKS

The Granite Monthly

Vol. LI

AUGUST, 1919

No. 8

A WHITE MOUNTAIN CENTENARY

By John W. Weeks

[At Crawfords, in the \Miite Mountains, on July 5, 1919, exercises were held commemorating
the 100th anniversary of the opening of the Crawford bridle path to the summit of Mount
^\'ashington and the 50th anniversary of the opening of the Mount Washington Railway. The
program was prepared by the New England Trail Conference, whose president, Paul R. Jenks,
acted as chairman. Frank H. Burt, son of the late Henry M. Burt, founder of Among the
Clouds, the newspaper published on the summit of Mount Washington, gave the history of the
building of the railroad to the summit. Franklin K. Reed of the Federal Forest Service spoke of
its work in connection with the White Mountain region and Hon. John W. Weeks concluded
the exercises with the address which we print in full herewith. During the afternoon there was
unveiled at the junction of the Mount Washington carriage road and the Crawford Trail a
green and white shield, the gift of the United States Forest Service, bearing this inscription:
" Mount Washington 8§ miles via Southern Peaks and Lakes of the Clouds. First tourist path
in White Mountains opened by Abel and Ethan Allen Crawford in 1819. Improved as a
bridle path by Thomas J. Crawford in 1840. U. S. Forest Service official trail since 1917."]

In the brief address I shall make
this afternoon I think I may be
pardoned for making some references
to my own ancestors, who were among
the early settlers of Coos County, the
part they took in the development of
this country, and the reasons, although
I am not a member of the Trail
Conference, for the personal interest
I take in this celebration.

A large percentage of those attend-
ing ordinary meetings to celebrate
some conspicuous historical event are
curiosity seekers or, as is more
frequently the case, have given very
little thought to the particular event
being celebrated. Those present here
today are radically different from that
characterization. Almost without ex-
ception this assemblage represents
citizens who have given long study
and thought to this vicinity and who
have derived infinite pleasure from
their association with mountain, forest,
and stream. I say they have derived
infinite pleasure; I should add benefit,
for it would be the universal testimony
of those who have communed with
these forms of nature that they have

obtained from them an invaluable
stimulus which has reacted on them-
selves and their activities in their
ordinary courses of life.

How could such a condition be
otherwise? There is no quality in a
great stretch of level country to
inspire particular enthusiasm other
than along material lines. When the
stream is added under such conditions,
there is still very little to create that
elevation of sentiment which comes
from communion with the forest,
which is materially added to when we
include the mountain. All of these
sources of value and benefit predom-
inate in this region.

I am not sure that our predecessors
in this part of the country gave serious
consideration to any such views. I
have sometimes wondered if the indi-
vidual who happened to settle in a
particularly beautiful location in this
mountain region was governed at all
in so doing by the scenery or the
character of the surroundings other
than its material value. Certain it is
that many such localities seem to have
been selected because of their beauty,

332 The Granite Monthly

for they are the sites the people of south of this point, and the second

modern times have selected in which settlement on the Connecticut River

to spend their hours of leisure. north of Charlestown, or Number

I wish to bring to your attention Four, as it was then called, about

some of the conditions relating to the sixty miles south of Haverhill,
early activities in this section, for it The great distance from the centers

is interesting to study the reasons of population and the difficulty in

which led to the settlement of this reaching this section naturally resulted

northern country. For at least a in an extremely slow growth, and the

hundred years before the close of the first settlement made in 1764 was so

French and Indian wars in 1760 it soon followed by the activities inci-

had been impossible for the early dent to the Revolutionary War that

settlers, even the most adventure- no great progress was made until after

some, to go very far beyond the coast the peace treaty with Great Britain

line or the main streams and their was signed in 1782. Then very

tributaries. Therefore, we see the considerable numbers came to this

early New England settlements con- locality, largely from southern New

fined very largely to the coast and its Hampshire, and among them my

inlets and to the three or four main great grandfather, whose name I bear,

rivers rising in this immediate section, who had been a soldier in the Revolu-

Even in such localities any advance tionary War and who came to the

made into the wilderness was a town of Lancaster in 1786, accom-

hazardous undertaking, for the panied by two of his children, a girl

Indians, incited by their allies in of thirteen and a boy of six. The boy

Canada, were constantly on the alert, was that Major John Wingate Weeks

raiding the outlying settlements and who took an active and conspicuous

often killing or carrying settlers into part in the War of 1812, who later

captivity. represented this district in Congress,

The peace following the termina- and who was one of the members of

tion of the French and Indian wars, the first party to make the trip to

however, changed this condition and the top of Mt. Washington over

an immediate move was made to the Crawford Trail,
settle those sections of the country There were three practicable routes

which had been visited by the troops into this region at that time: One

during the prosecution of these wars, following the Connecticut Valley;

That particularly applied to this another following the general Winni-

section of New Hampshire. pesaukee Lake region, striking the

Rogers, the celebrated Partisan Connecticut River at Haverhill; and
Ranger of that period, had led an the third was through the White
expedition up the Connecticut Valley Mountain Notch. The earlier set-
to attack the advanced Canadian tiers, those who came in 1786, came
settlements and in doing so for the up the Connecticut River Valley,
first time definitely located the mead- The second influx of settlers, those
ows in Lancaster, Northumberland who came immediately after the
and Strafford, which are the finest Revolutionary War, generally speak-
on the Connecticut River north of ing, came by the Lake route. Con-
the Massachusetts line, with the cord, then called Rumford, and
exception of a comparatively small Penacook had been settled, and they
territory in the towns of Orford and were the first settlements in this
Haverhill. This discovery was re- direction south of Haverhill,
ported in Massachusetts and resulted The third influx came about the
in residents of Petersham locating at same time or a little later. They
Lancaster, this being the first settle- were generally from the neighborhood
ment north of Haverhill, forty miles of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and

A While Mountain Centenary

333

<?ame by the White Mountain Notch
route, a trail which had recently
been opened.

J\Iy ^reat grandmother came to
Lancaster by the White Mountain
Notch route, following her husband
one year after he had located and
established himself on the Connecticut
meadows, and brought her two re-
maining children with her. It is not
unfitting to comment that in making
this trip it was necessary for her to
follow a trail scarcely more than a
blazed line from the town of Tani-
worth to her destination, a distance of

in the earlier days, those who hoped
that these mountains Avould jaeld
what had been discovered in the
mountains of Mexico and the South-
west large returns in precious metals.
That undoubtedly was the thought
which governed Gorges and those
associated with him in the famous
Mason-Gorges grants.

Early Visitors and Settlers

Undoubtedly the first white man to
visit the White Mountain region was
Darby Field, of Piscataqua, an Irish-
man, who ascended Mt. Washington,

Mt. Prospect, Lancaster

about eighty miles, there being no per-
manent intervening settlements. I
am not sure whether the women of
todaj' would have the resolution to
make such a trip, spending two or
three nights in the woods, accom-
panied only by two very small chil-
dren, one a babe in arms, and the
faithful horse which she rode. That
baby was my grandfather. He later
settled on the south slope of Mt.
Prospect, in Lancaster, near my pres-
ent summer home.

Previous to the settlement on the
Lancaster meadows many of those
who had come to this region had Vjeen
the type of adventurous men who
always lead in such movements, those
lured by a desire to hunt and fish, and,

accompanied by two Indians, in 1642
He probably followed the route up
the Saco from the coast to the Ellis
River and thence to its source. Very
much of the report made of this trip
has since been verified, and it fur-
nished the inducement for his return
the same j^ear accompanied by Thomas
Gorges and a man named Vines, who
represented one of the grantees of the
province — -Sir Fernando Gorges.

It is reliably proven that the next
visitor to Mt. Washington who made
the ascent was John Josselyn, who
made a careful report of his observa-
tions. He ascended the mountain in
1663. Other visits were undoubtedly
made in the passing years by hunters
and adventurers, a few of which have

334 The Granite Monthly

been recorded, but not until 1784 did brooks, both of whom were of the

any party having scientific attain- typical colonizing type and who would

ments or purposes reach the mountain, not have felt in their natural element

This party was headed by the Rev. in a communitj^ which had become

Manasseh Cutler, of Ipswich, Mass., thoroughly established and settled,

and he was accompanied by Colonel The first women to ascend the

John Whipple, of Jefferson, one of the mountain and spend a night on its

earliest and most prominent settlers summit were three sisters — the Misses

in that part of this region. This Austin, of Portsmouth, N. H., who

party undoubtedly gave the name to made the ascent in 1821.

Mt. Washington, although there is no The first settlement in the vicinity

recorded evidence that that is the of the mountain was made by Eleazer

case. During visits made to the Rosebrooks, in 1792, and eleven years

mountain in the following years, it later he built the first public house in

was referred to as "Washington" as this region.

if it were generally understood that In 1820 a party of engineers from

that was its name. Lancaster ascended Mt. Washington

Very naturally the early settlers in by way of the Crawford Trail. This

New Hampshire were a hardy race, party consisted of John W. Weeks,

They had to encounter innumerable Adino N. Brackett, John Wilson,

difficulties and the very air they Charles J. Stuart, Noyes S. Dennison

breathed gave them a determination and Samuel H. Pearson. They were

not found in every locality. Nearly accompanied by Philip Carrigan and

every man in New Hampshire in the Ethan Allen Crawford. This party

days of the French and Indian wars, gave the names to the remaining

as well as the Revolution, was a sol- peaks of the White Mountain Range,

dier, so there was naturally a martial The same year some of the members

spirit existing among the men who of this party spent seven days on the

were in active affairs at that time. mountain and were accompanied by

One of the examples of such men other residents of Lancaster. This

was the original Crawford, whose party made numerous observations

descendants have lived in this vicinity of heights, and so forth,

down to our own time. Doubtless The peaks in the White Mountain

many of the stories told of him and Notch — Willard, Webster, Crawford,

his son, Ethan Allen Crawford, are and Resolution — were given names

somewhat exaggerated, but there is later by individuals who frequently

no doubt about the latter having been visited the mountains, among them

a man of great stature, of unusual Mr. Sidney Willard, of Boston, for

strength, and a courage quite unusual whom Mt. Willard was named, and

even for that day and locality. This Dr. S. A. Bemis, for whom Bemis

is high praise, for not only did these Station is named,
early settlers have all the natural
hardships of such a life with which to

contend, but there were great numbers The construction of houses for

of animals which were a source of public purposes indicates fairly clearly

danger to human beings and stock, the trend of the use which the

The woods were infested with bear, public were making of this region as

wolves, and lynx, all of which became a pleasure resort. Naturally the

very bold at certain seasons of the year, original ones were very crude affairs,

and it was necessary to use the great- probably first built for private homes

est prudence and frequently much and gradually enlarged to be used for

courage to contend against them, public entertainment. The earlier of

This region owes very much to the these houses — they could hardly be

adventuresome Crawford and Rose- dignified by calling them hotels —

Public Houses

A White Mountain Centenary

335

were those built by Rosebrooks and
Cra^^'for(^. The Willey House in the
Notch was also used for hotel purposes
until its destruction in 1826. What is
not generally known is that the first
habitation of any kind built on the
mountain was originally at the sum-
mit and was erected by Crawford one
hundred years ago this year, he
recognizing the necessity for some
protection for visitors going to the
top of the mountain over his trail if
they found it necessary to spend the
night there.

This house, which, of course, w^as
very crude, was destroyed in August,
1826, by the same storm that de-
stroyed the Willey House. It was
occupied that night, but the occu-
pants becoming alarmed by the fierce-
ness of the storm abandoned the
house and reached the timberland in
safety. In that respect the abandon-
ment had the opposite effect to the
result which came to the occupants of
the Willey House, who would have
probably been saved if they had
remained in the house.

In 1852 the first Summit House was
constructed by J. S. Hall and L. M.
Rosebrooks. For some reason which
I have not been able to learn, the
Tip-Top House was built the next
year, in 1853, so that there were rival
hostelries on the summit of Mt.
Washington for several years. The
Tip-Top House was constructed by
J. F. Spaulding & Co.

The earliest public house of any
particular pretention on this side of
the mountain for the entertainment
of visitors was the Fabyan House,
built on the site of the present house.
This building was destroyed by fire
in 1851. Its successor was also de-
stroyed by fire some twenty-five years
ago, so that the present structure is
the third erected on that site.

The White Mountain House, a mile
below the Fabyan, was built by one
of the Rosebrooks family in 1841 and
has been used continuously as a hotel
ever since. I spent the night there
with my father in 1866. At that time

the White Mountain House was the
only hotel on this side of the moun-
tains. There had previously been a
house on or near the present site of
the Crawford House conducted by a
man named Gibbs, but it was not
standing at this time.

On the other side of the mountain
the Glen House was erected as early
as 1860, and in 1865 it had a capacity
for nearly five hundred guests. Nat-
urally this was the starting point for
people ascending the mountain, as
there was no road to the top of the
mountain from the west side while
the bridle paths and carriage road on
the east side were in active use
about the time the Glen House was
originally constructed.

Early Trails, Paths and Roads

The early settlers of the entire
Coos region were greatly handicapped
for many years on account of poor
and insufficient roads. The earlier
roads were simply blazed lines
through the woods and, of course,
could only be traversed on foot or
horseback. They were in most cases
simply guide posts to show the trav-
eler the way to his destination. The
New Hampshire colony was rela-
tively without resources and such
means as the lower settlements had
for road-building purposes were ex-
pended in that region where the larger
part of the population had settled.

Moreover, the earlier settlements in
the north country were far removed
from those in the southern end of the
colony, the intervening towns not
being settled until later. For ex-
ample, the first settlement above
Penacook, the early name of Concord,
w^as Haverhill, a distance of about
eighty miles. The next settlement
was at Lancaster, more than forty
miles north of Haverhill.

As I have suggested, there were
three possible ways of reaching the
upper Coos settlements at Lancaster
and Northumberland — by the Con-
necticut River, using canoes in the
summer and traveling on the ice in

Courtesy of the Boston Transcript

A BIT OF THE ANCIENT WAY

A White Mountain Centenary

337

winter; the bridle path route from
Concord and Penacook to Haverhill
and thence to Lancaster, the entire
distance being through a heavily
wooded country; and the route
through the White Mountain Notch.

The first application for a charter
to construct a road to the north
country was made to the Provincial
Assembly in November, 1752. This
charter was granted and carried into
effect by the cutting of a bridle path
from Portsmouth to Concord and
later to Haverhill. This left the
mountain country nearly fifty miles
from any road, and it was not until
1770 that the first settlers of Lancas-
ter cut a bridle path from Haverhill
to that town, Lancaster having been
first settled in 1764.

In November, 1763, the Provincial
Assembly passed an act authorizing
the opening of a road from Durham,
in Strafford County, to Coos, an act
which had no immediate effect as the
construction of the road was not at-
tempted for many years.

In 1768, an additional act was
passed by the Assembly authorizing
the construction of a road to the
L^pper Coos country, which resulted in
the extension of the path to Lancaster.
There were great difficulties to be
overcome in traversing the proposed
route, as well as the one by the
Connecticut River, and the distance
and time required to cover the routes
were so great that it was impracticable
to carry the few products of the upper
region to market. Indeed, for many
5'ears the principal articles of com-
merce produced in the north were the
skins of animals, there being great
numbers of fur-bearing animals in this
region at that time. Because of these
difficulties the inhabitants of Lancas-
ter commenced searching for a shorter
route to the coast, finding one through
the discovery of the White Mountain
Notch by Timothy Nash in 1771.

In 1773, two years after the dis-
covery of the White Mountain Notch,
the Nash-Sawyer grant was made.
One of the conditions of this grant was

that a certain amount of money
should be expended in the construc-
tion of a road through the notch, and
the construction of a path was soon
undertaken,

A more substantial trail was built
through the Crawford Notch as early
as 1805, but a turnpike suitable for
sleighs and carriages was not finished
until several years later. This was
an absolutely essential improvement
from the standpoint of the settlers of
the Connecticut Valley. They had
no road communication with the rest
of the world, and while their crops
were generally abundant at that time
the difficulty of getting them to
market prevented their being pur-
chasers of many of the supplies needed
in such communities. With the
construction of the road through the
notch they were able to take their
goods to the nearest seaport — Port-
land — which became and to some
degree is today a leading trading
point for the northern New Hampshire
region.

I remember very well the stories
that were told me of the methods
followed by the settlers in taking
their products to market — methods
which continued down to my time.
Usually this was done in the winter,
and long lines of sleds, sledges and
pungs, as they were called, were used
to transport the products of that
region to the market at Portland.
Usually the settlers made the trip
together and returned together —
perhaps for the reason that they
frequently got into difficulty on the
way on account of bad roads and
needed the assistance of one another.
There was also the fear of attack bj'
wolves, which may have influenced
this method of taking products to
market.

The construction of this road, as
was the practice at that time, was
done by a corporation which charged
tolls, and for many years it was one of
the most profitable turnpikes of Ne^w
Hampshire, being the tenth road .n
number in the state constructed ^n

Courtesy of the Boston Transcript

THE CRAWFORD TRAIL OF TODAY

A White Mountain Centenary

339

that way. It is said that the original
cost was S40,000. which was a large
amount of money in that clay to
spend for such a purpose.

In 1786, the Legislature, as a result
of the petitions of the settlers in the
mountains, provided for the sale of
large tracts of land, the revenue
raised in this way to be expended in
the construction and repair of roads.
A committee appointed to carry out
the provisions of this act was in
existence for ten years. The net
result was that a very considerable
part of the lands in the mountain
region were sold for road-building and
the committee and its friends in this
way obtained large areas of land, the
public unfortunately, as in most such
cases, not receiving the benefit which
should have resulted from the sale of
such a large part of the colonial
domain.

It may not be without interest to
those devoted to the prohibition cause
today and, in fact, to all others to
know that the first article of commerce
to pass through the White Mountain
Notch to Lancaster was a hogshead
of rum, it being brought from Portland
at a great expense of time and effort.
The transporters of the hogshead put
on record that they crossed the Saco
River twenty-two times in making
the trip and that they finally reached
Lancaster with the hogshead minus a
very large percentage of the contents,
which had been liquidated by the
builders of the road presumably to
lighten their burden.

The first article of commerce that
went over the road from Lancaster to
Portland was a bale of tobacco which
had been raised in Lancaster. It
seems rather remarkable that the
raising of tobacco should have been
undertaken in this northern climate,
but that it was successfully done is
without question. The fact that
tobacco is now grown in the Connecti-
cut Valley as far north as the southern
boundaries of Vermont and New
Hampshire is confirmatory evidence
of the truth of the report that tobacco

was raised in the mountain region in
these early days.

The first real turnpike or stage road
was constructed from Plymouth to
Haverhill in 1808, and from Haverhill
to Lancaster a few years later, so that
as early as about 1820 there was a
through stage line from Lancaster to
Boston. I have noted in a paper
published in Lancaster at about that
time that mails were carried to Boston
in three daj^s, indicating that the
road must have been in reasonably
good condition.

The carriage road on the east side
of Mt. Washington was chartered in
1853, the construction commenced in
1855 and completed in 1861, offering
ample reason for the excellent hotel
accommodations which developed in
that locality, there being at Gorham
the Alpine House, a very pretentious
establishment for those times, in
addition to the Glen House.

The modern carriage road to the
base of the mountain on the west side
was undertaken in 1866. There had
been before that a rough road largely
used for timbering purposes. Its
terminus, near the Fabyan House,
was near what was well known as the
Giant's Grave which I remember,
a great mound of gravel undoubtedly
piled up as a result of the freshets in
the Ammonoosuc River. This pile
of gravel was later used for construc-
tion purposes.

The building of this carriage road
was considered necessary on account
of the proposed construction of a
railroad to the top of the mountain.
The Boston and Maine Railroad did
not at that time run north of Little-
ton. Later, as is well known, it was
constructed to the Fabyan House and
then to the base of the mountain.
The construction of the railroad to
the top of the mountain was com-
menced the same year as the carriage
road, in 1866, and completed in 1869.
One of the most illuminating examples
of the increase in the cost of construc-
tion as we know it today over those
periods is furnished in the reported

Courtesy of the Boston Tnui^eript

UNVEILED ON JULY 5, 1919

A White Mountain Centenary

341

cost of these two cnterpiises. The
cairiajie road is at least six miles in
Jeno-th. It was built through a
t'oinparatively rough country, heavily
wooded, antl is said to have cost
SIO.OOO. The railroad, when com-
pleted, cost about $150,000. It is
not out of reason to suppose that the
same construction at this time would
in the case of the carriage road be at
least six to ten times as much, and
I presume the same relation would
bear in the case of the railroad.

The first path to the top of ]\It.
Washington was constructed by
CraA\'ford in 1819, the anniversary of
which we are today celebrating.
This was followed by various paths,
and in 1840 a pretentious bridle path
was constructed. This commenced
at the Giant's Grave, passed up the
Ammonoosuc ^'alley, following practi-
cally the route of the present carriage
road, and thence over Mounts CHnton,
Pleasant, Franklin, and Monroe to
Washington. A branch at one time
ran from this road to Mt. Pleasant.
Abel CraA\^ord, then in his eighty-
sixth year, was the first man to ride
to the summit of Mt. Washington
over this path.

Another bridle path constructed
at about this time was known as
the Davis path, which passed over
Mt. Crawford, along the Dry or Mt.
Washington River, to Mt. Washington.

Ascending Mt. Washington in
Winter

Several adventurous people under-
took the ascent of Mt. Washington in
winter some sixty or sixty-five years
ago. Those who made the early
ascents came from the town of
Lancaster. The first party to make
a successful ascent was directed by a
Lancaster resident named Osgood, in
1858. Four years later the ascent of
the mountain was made from the east
side by Franklin White, Chapin C.
Brooks and John H. Spaulding. All
of these men were active residents of
Lancaster in my boyhood days, and
I knew them very well. They went

to the top of the mountam during the
month of February, spent two nights
on the summit, and made the descent
without accident as had the Osgood
party four years before. Since those
days others have undertaken the trip
and a party under the direction of
Professor Huntington spent a winter
there for observation purposes. I do
not think that in more recent years
there have been any considerable
number of attempts to reach the top
of the mountain in winter. It is
a hazardous undertaking and the
practical results are not commensurate
with the dangers involved. Relatively
the same facts can be obtained in
other localities without jeopardizing
the lives of the observers.

Preservation of White Mountain
Forests

There is a subject in connectioii
with these mountains which I wish to
briefly bring to your attention, not
because it directly relates to paths and
trails, but indirectly it has a very
material influence on their preserva-
tion and on every activity in this
region. I refer to the taking over by
the government of large areas of
wooded lands on and about Mt.
Washington.

When a new congressman goes to
Washington he frequently is at* a loss
to so place himself that he can be of
material service by engaging in the
promotion of some desirable legisla-
tion. When I commenced my service
in the House of Representatives, in
1904, I was no exception to this rule,
but in my investigation of questions
relating to New England my atten-
tion was attracted to the legislation
relating to forestry which had been
pending in Congress for many years
without making any progress.

After much investigation it was
decided that under the Constitution
the government could not take over
these wooded areas unless they had a
direct connection with some object
over which the General Government
had control. The Constitution re-

342

The Granite Monthly

serves to the Federal Government
the protection and improvement of
navigable waters within the borders
of the United States, and the conclu-
sion was reached that anything relat-
ing to or affecting navigable streams
would under the provisions of the
Constitution come within the juris-
diction and control of the government.

There were individuals, many of
them having scientific attainments,
who contended that the flow of
mountain streams did not in any way
affect navigable waters, nor were they
influenced or affected by forests.
These contentions seemed utterly
untenable to me, and Congress finally
concluded they were unsound, passing
the bill I had introduced providing
for the taking over of these areas,
which has since been known as the
Weeks law.

Since the enactment of this law the
government has acquired in the
White Mountain region 360,637 acres
and has examined and approved,
although final acquisition has not
been affected, between fifty-seven and
fifty-eight thousand acres more. It
has expended for this land $2,352,-
185.09 and will expend for the ap-
proved purchases $434,937.55. The
lands which have been approved for
purchase are necessary to consolidate
the government's purchases already
made and furnish the best possible pro-
tection to the headwaters of streams
rising in their vicinit^y. The chief of
the Forest Bureau estimates that
there should be about 800,000 acres
purchased in this section to carry
to completion the provisions of the
Forestry law.

I have made inquiry of the Forest
Service relative to the expenditures
and receipts ' from these forests and
find that the expenditures, including
administration, protection, and con-
struction of improvements, up to
this time have been about fifty per
cent in excess of the receipts, although
the latter are increasing very rapidly,
those for the first eleven months of
the fiscal year 1919 being about one-

half of the total amount received since
the beginning of these operations in
1914 and sufficient to pay all expenses
this fiscal year.

At the present time the Forest Serv-
ice is maintaining 132 miles of trails
in the White Mountains, of which more
than forty miles have been constructed
by the service during the last five
years. The remainder consists of old
logging roads and the individual or
organization trails which have been
taken over by the government. This
mileage, however, does not include
the trails built and maintained by the
Appalachian Mountain Club and
other similar organizations, although
the Forest Service has taken over from
the Appalachian Club the path known
as the Valley way and the Crawford
path. The first purpose of the trails
maintained by the Forest Service is
for the protection of the forests, but
they are also available to the public
for recreation purposes.

The importance of this service
cannot in my opinion be overesti-
mated; indeed, I doubt if there are
many people in New England who
quite appreciate the importance of the
White Mountain group to the welfare
of the New England states. Certainly
the group is the most valuable asset
of the state of New Hampshire, and
it is of vital importance to the pros-
perity of all the New England states
with the exception of Rhode Island.

All the rivers of any considerable
importance which furnish the power
for very manj^ of the New England
manufacturing industries rise in this
immediate section. They include
the Connecticut, the Merrimac, the
Saco, the Androscoggin, and their
tributaries. If the timber at the
headwaters of these rivers had been
removed, as would undoubtedly have
been the case if it had remained in
private hands, for it had become such
a valuable asset that individual holders
could not have afforded to keep it
standing, there would have been a
marked diminution in the power of
these streams and an irregularity of

A White Mountain Centenary

343

flow which does not now exist, an
irregularity apt to be accompanied
by floods of very destructive character.

If there is any question in the mind
of any one about the possibilities
which may result from floods, a visit
to the village of Hill will very quicklj^
remove that doubt. A comparatively
small stream flows through this village,
emptying into the Merrimack. The
woods surrounding this stream in the
hills back of the village were removed
and the result was a flood which
carried awa}' bridges and did material
damage to many houses in the town.
Such a result might have been antici-
pated in many sections if the White
Mountain forests had been removed
at the same rate the work was being
done when the Forest Act became a
law.

^Moreover, there is a valuable
feature of this law which has not been
given sufficient public attention; that
is, the provision relating to fire control.
I have not the figures available to
demonstrate the improvements result-
ing from the efforts of the Forest
Service to provide against fires, but
as is well known the loss in the destruc-
tion of forests by fire had amounted
to tens of millions of dollars annually,
and it is surprising that provision for
sj^stematic protection from fire had
not been adopted much earlier. It
is gratifying to know that the areas
burned in this region on government
lands since the government assumed
control and commenced its purchases
have been negligible, the only excep-
tion being the destruction by fire of
1729 acres of National forest lands
which had been selected but the title
to which had not yet passed to the
government. This forest was located
on the Paugus and Swift River
watersheds in Albany township, and
it is hardl}' just to charge this fire
to the Forest Service, which has taken
every precaution to prevent forest
fires. In addition to the force em-
ployed throughout the year in the
forests on revenue producing work a
force of forest guards patrol the woods

during the summer months. The
lookout system is a ver}^ complete one,
being provided by the state in coopera-
tion with the Federal Government
under the provisions of the Forestry
law.

Until the enactment of the Forestry
law little or nothing had been done
bj^ the Federal Government, states,
or municipalities in a concerted way
to build up forested areas. The time
has now come when such action will
be taken through various mediums.
It has come because the value of
wood has so greatly increased and its
uses are so numerous that it will be
necessary for us not only to con-
serve but provide additional sources
of supply. European and Asiatic
countries reached this condition many
years ago and the result has been that
forests have been developed and
maintained through various govern-
mental mediums and many of them
have become remunerative. One
municipal forest in Europe has re-
turned as high as eight per cent on the
cost of the investment, and for many
years in one community in Japan
eighty per cent of the population have
been engaged in forestry pursuits.

All of this has a direct bearing on
the question in which we are mutually
interested. It means that the forests
of the White Mountain region will be
kept intact and these historic paths
and trails preserved and not effaced
by the destruction of the surrounding
timber. The material value of the
forests will increase, and I anticipate
that in a few years, if it is not so now,
the investment will be a profitable
one; indeed, I have no doubt the
government could dispose of its
holdings in this region for ver}' much
more than they cost. As time goes
on the preservation and maintenance
of these forests will attract many
visitors to this most favored region.

Perhaps I need not repeat what I
said in the beginning — how greatly
interested I am in every activity
relating to the movement you repre-
sent. I look forward to the years to

344

The Granite Monthly

come with the greatest confidence
in the complete use of this region for
recreation purposes and at the same
time its maintenance as a necessary
part of the industrial life and welfare
of New England. A hundred years
is an almost negligible length of time
in the world's history, and so much we
all approve has been accomplished

along these lines since Crawford cut
the first trail to Mt. Washington that
it does not require an vmusual imagi-
nation to see this region in the not
distant future substantially a great
park — a park system able to maintain
itself and one which will promote the
welfare and add to the enjojanent of
millions of our people.

GOING BACK HOME

By Martha S. Baker

'Tis the very same road over which we go,
With the same old engine for all I know;
The car is crowded with folks — but yet.
They seem to me an entirely 7iew set —
The folks have changed.

These folks at the station — who are these?
Are they playing a joke on me just to tease?
They are strangers to me — not one I know,
Where in the world did these folks grow?
The folks have changed.

The old covered wagon — I can't find that.
There's an automobile in which I never sat —
The old driver, too, my neighbor and friend.
How queer this new young chap they should send!
The folks have changed.

But, thank the Lord, the skies don't change,
Nor fields nor flowers nor hillside range;
They are just as sweet and old-fashioned as ever,
And I pray from my heart they'll look strange to me never,
Though folks have changed.

The dear home paths, they are just the same,
Over which for many fond years I came
To the home I loved for peace and rest.
For all that is true and holy and best;
• But the folks have changed.

Our life on earth is but for a day.
And some sweet time we'll go home to stay,
And there the dear home friends we'll find.
For they lived for God and humankind:
There folks don't change.
Concord, N. H.

Mrs. Henry W. Keyes and Her Sons

THE SEQUEL

A Study of Three Men and a Girl

By Frances Parkinson Keyes

Now that everything is all over,
and I have settled down to busy days
— not too busy, for I am not very
strong yet — and quiet evenings, it
seems to me sometimes as if the whole
thing had never happened. At other
times, particularly when I am walk-
ing by the river alone, and the sun
sets before I get home, leaving the
fields and hills and sky extremely dull
and cold, the trouble seems alto-
gether too vivid and real, and I spend
a good many hours wondering what I
am going to do with the rest of my
life. If I thought that I could do as
much as mother did, I should be sat-
isfied; but I shall never be half the
woman that my mother was.

Just at present, while I am waiting
to get well, there seem to be a great

many empty hours ; and I am going to
fill some of them by writing down, as
well as I can, the sequel to my moth-
er's story — for I suppose that every-
thing really started twenty years ago,
when father fell in love with mother.
Father's people all came from Bos-
ton, and had lived on Beacon Hill
ever since there was any hill there.
The}^ were as intellectual as was com-
patible with a social existence, and
they were very orthodox Unitarians,
too, for that belief does not interfere
with society, as Boston understands
it. They had plenty of money — thej^
always had had plenty — but they
never splurged and they never squan-
dered. Father went to Harvard Col-
lege, and then to Harvard Law School,
and then abroad for a year, and when
he had returned from his travels, and

346

The Granite Monthly

had been taken into the best law-firm
in Boston and several good clubs, his
family felt justified in expecting that
he would of course fall in love with
one of the girls who had been to
Papanti's dancing-school with him,
marry her, and bring up a family
similar to his own father's — a credit
to Boston, and an example to lesser
cities. But father did nothing of the
sort. He didn't shine in the law, and
he didn't fall in love with anybody,
and one day he said he hated Boston.
Then his Great-aunt Simans raised
her hands, and said she had always
felt that he was going to be the black
sheep of the family. However, he
just drifted along without doing any-
thing very dreadful until he was
thirty.

Then he met mother.

I can't make out that mother's
family ever lived anywhere in par-
ticular. Her mother was a pretty
chorus girl, and her father grew up in
the slums of some big Western city,
became a traveling salesman, and
finally made a fortune in some kind of
patent medicine. They were married
in a rather hurried, mysterious fash-
ion which I have never understood
very well; but as neither of them had
any parents to advise them, I suppose
they did not realize how badly such
things look, so they should not be
blamed. Mother was their only child,
and they adored her, and it was a
very happy family. She went to a
big fashionable boarding-school when
she felt like it, and when she didn't,
they all just packed their trunks, and
went and took a perfectly delightful
trip somewhere. The consequence
was that mother's education was
rather neglected; but her parents
didn't realize that, for no one had
ever educated them at all. While they
were taking one of these trips — this
particular one was to the White
Mountains — they happened to stop
at the hotel where father was staying
with his parents, and it was there that
father and mother met; and one night
less than two weeks later, father

walked into his mother's room about
midnight and said he was engaged to
be married.

If you could have seen my mother,
even last summer, I do not think you
would have wondered much that it
did not take father long to make up
his mind that he wanted her; and I'm
sure, if you could have seen her when
she was seventeen, you wouldn't have
wondered at all. I have a picture of
her that was taken about that time,
and it is the loveliest thing I have ever
seen. But father's family was furi-
ous. He was told that his wife would
never be received, and that he him-
self would be turned off without a
•penny if he persisted in his wicked
folly. Horrible stories were raked up
about mother's parents, and told to
everybody in the hotel. Queer things
were insinuated about mother, too —
that she did not really love him, but
wanted to marry him for his money
and position. This was really rather
absurd, for she had a great deal more
money than he did and — not having
been brought up in Boston — had
never even hearcl of position. But
the Castles didn't think of that. The
result of all this fuss was that father
became more and more in love the
more he was opposed, broke with his
family entirely, married mother be-
fore he had knowm her two months,
and took her to Boston to live.

I think perhaps if he had not done
that, matters would not have turned
out as badly as they did; but I sup-
pose, if you, and your father, and
Heaven only knows how many grand-
fathers before that have always lived
in the same place, it doesn't always
occur to you that it's possible to go
and live somewhere else; anyway, it
didn't occur to father. He found
when he went to his clubs that his
old friends treated him coldly; and
their wives didn't call on mother.
About a year after his marriage — I
was a brand-new baby then — he was
asked to resign his position in the law
office where he had been for six years ;
so then he and mother left Boston, and

The Sequel 347

went to the big Western city, where dent and morbid; and one night he
mother's parents lived, to stay with came into his room with a loaded
them until father could see his way pistol, and shot himself before ni}-
clear to earning his living. Of course grandmother could prevent him her-
mother was delighted to be with her self , or summon any help. Her whole
own people again. Everyone was life had been wrapped up in her hus-
lovely to them, and they went out a band, even if she only was a "cheap
great deal, and had lots of company little chorus girl to start with" (as I
and might have been very happy, but heard my father say once) and she did
for one thing: father couldn't help not survive him very long — so my
thinking all the time how nuich he father and mother found themselves
had given up for mother, and, what is cast entirely on their own resources,
worse, talking about it a good deal; without any money, and with three
for, though he loved her, he realized small children — for two little boys had
by this time that her education and been born since me.
refinement of mind were not equal to I was nearly six years old by this
his, and her parents were intolerable time, and I can remember, though not
to him, though they wereas kind as pos- very distinctly, the long journey back
sible. It made mother feel very badly to the East, and the process of settling
to be told that her father ate like a in a small town in New England,
pig, and that her mother wore her where father again began to practice
dresses cut too low, and that she her- law. He was a pale, tired-looking
self knew no more of the King's Eng- man, who rarely spoke except to com-
lish than she did of Greek. She plain about life in general, and mother
bought books, and sat up late at night in particular, although I'm sure he
stud^'ing, and improved very much; loved her dearly — for no one could
but she couldn't improve her father help doing that. I was always well
and mother; and she loved them so and strong, but the boys were dehcate
much the way they were, that she children, and father had a trouble-
didn't want to, any how. some cough, which often kept him
About this time one of the big mag- awake all night. It kept mother
azines stirred up a great deal of feel- awake, too, but he did not seem to
ing against patent medicines by a think of that, and she never men-
series of articles telling how injurious tioned it. We had no maid, and all
the pretended blessings to humanity day long, while he was in his office, a
were, and what frauds the men who little way down the street — idle most
manufactured and sold them must be. of the time, for this is a peaceful coni-
^'ery soon my grandfather, who had munity, without very much use for
always passed for a very worthy, lawyers — she was taking care of us,
kindly man in the city where he lived, and doing the housework and the sew-
began to be shunned bj' his neighbors ing. She must have been wretchedly
and pointed out as a cheat and a cle- tired, most of the time; but I never
frauder of the poor; so he decided to saw her break down, even for a min-
sell out his patent medicine plant. I ute, until the day the boys were
can't explain it very well, because I buried. There was an epidemic of
am only eighteen, and have not had diphtheria in the village, and we all
a great deal of business experience caught it. Father and I had it very
yet; but when he had disposed of his lightly, but my two little brothers
property at a great loss, and invested died within a few hours of each other,
most of his money in railroad shares, after an illness of only two or three
the railroad suddenly failed, and left days. When the small white coffins
him penniless. The shock of this, fol- were taken from the house, and
lowed upon his disgrace, overcame driven slowly away towards the ceme-
him completely, and he grew despon- tery, mother lay down on her bed, and

348

The (rranite Monthly

burst into a torrent of weeping. I
cuddled up to her, and tried to com-
fort her, but it was of no use; she
cried for hours, and when she finally
stopped, and got up again, she went
about as if she was walking in her
sleep, looking gray and dazed, wring-
ing her hands and giving little moans
from time to time, but never crying
again. When father died, the follow-
ing spring (the doctor said it was
tuberculosis, but I knew better — it
was just discouragement) I do not
think she felt it very much. She had
suffered all she could, she was numb.

This numbness lasted a long time —
nearly a year, I think. She was kind
and gentle all that time, but she spoke
very little, and when her work was
done at night, she used to lie down
and remain motionless for hours,
finally rousing herself to put me, care-
fully and silently, to bed, after which
she would go into the next room, and
sew very late. She did beautiful
needlework, and sent a great deal of
it to the city, where she sold it first
through some industrial union; but
she soon had so many private cus-
tomers that this became unnecessary,
but she earned quite a little money;
that and the mite which had been
saved from her parents' fortune was
what we lived on. Father did not
leave us one cent.

One day, about a year after my
father's death, I found my mother
waiting for me at the door of the
schoolhouse when I came out, a little
after four in the afternoon. It was
early May, and as there had been
heavy rains, the grass was looking
very fresh and green, and the apple-
blossoms fairly shone in the sun — and
mother! there was not one stitch of
black about her anywhere! She had
on a white linen dress and a soft white
hat, and even her shoes and stocldngs
were white — she always had the love-
liest skin and figure in the world, any-
way, and rid of her gloomy crepe, she
looked about eighteen, though she was

really thirty. I stopped short in the
doorway, and looked at her, and the
other children, pushing by, all turned
and stared; but mother appeared un-
conscious.

"It's such a beautiful day," she
said — and her voice sounded young
and fresh, just like the rest of her —
"that I couldn't help coming to meet
you, dear. I thought we could go for
a little walk together somewhere — in
the woods, or along the highroad
where we can see these lovely blos-
soms — whichever you prefer."

I chose the woods — ^I was too sur-
prised to comment on this startling
procedure. We walked along slowly,
and mother chatted all the time, about
all sorts of pleasant things — a new
order for a baby's layette, a book she
had been reading, a recipe which a
neighbor had given her and which she
meant to try for supper that night.
The woods were very cool and fra-
grant, and still, except for the birds
that were singing. Mother laughed a
little and spoke of it all, and didn't
seem to notice that her skirt was get-
ting muddy around the bottom,, and
that her shoes and stockings were a
perfect sight. At last she threw her-
self down under a big tree and pulled
me down beside her.

"Isn't this fun?" she said, kissing
me, "we must come here often, and
next time we'll bring our supper with
us, and stay a long time. I wonder
why we never came before?"

I did not answer her, though I
knew perfectly well why we had never
come before, and after a few minutes
mother spoke again, still in the same
light tone, but this time with an extra
shade of tenderness.

"I've been thinking things over a
good deal lately," she said, "and I've
decided that I've been a pretty poor
mother" — I protested, but she only
kissed me and went on — "a pretty
poor mother, and I'm going to try to
be a better one. Why, darling, I've
never done a thing to make you happy
— I've just clothed and fed you and
sent you to school — and we ought to

The Sequel

349

be having the most glorious days to-
gether, you and I! Tlio trouble's all
over and done with, and we mustn't
even think of it again. I had the
happiest girlhood that ever was, I
believe, and in spite of all that's hap-
pened since, I'll always have that to
look back on. I want you to have the
same inheritance, the best, I believe,
that any mother can give her daugh-
ter. It's all I can give you and I
ought to have remembered that
sooner."

Then she told me for the first time
about her own childhood; her meet-
ing -uith father; her short and stormy
engagement ; and that part of her mar-
ried life which I could not remember
— all that I have told you, and a great
deal more — and all without a single
note of regret or complaint. "And
now, dear," she said when she had
finished, "we \vi\\ never speak of this
again — I loved your father, and he
loved me; but I ruined his life, and I
shall never be able to forget it; and if
I did not have you, darling — w^hat a
big 'if that is, isn't if? — mine would
be ruined, too — so I want you to
promise something today. You may
love a man some time — some man
ma}' love you — but if he is divided
from you by an}' gulf of money or
mind or position, so that his mother
feels that she cannot gladly take her
son's A^ife as her daughter — promise
me that you will never marry him,
even if it seems to break your heart
and his."

"Why,- Mother!" I cried in amaze-
ment, "as if anyone would ever want
to marry me! and as if I'd ever want
to marry anyone! I'm never going to
do an^'thing except live with you al-
ways, and help you!"

]\Iother laughed. "I suppose that's
what every daughter saj's to every
mother — at first," she said, "and if
you're so sure of it, you won't mind
promising what I ask, will you?"

"Of course not," I said, "do I ever
mind promising anything that you ask
me?" So then she kissed me again,
and after a minute she said that she

could not try the new recipe that
night after all, as I was going to the
Stone's to supper, and we must hurry
back, or I should not be ready when
Harry came for me.

The Stones are a family who live in
a beautiful old house just outside the
village, and have the finest farm in
the county. Mr. Stone used to be a
butcher, until he married the rich
Miss Powell; then, as she was an only
child, and her parents couldn't bear to
part with her, she stayed on in their
house, and Mr. Stone became a sort
of hired man for his father-in-law.
Now the Powells are dead, and the
farm belongs to Mr. and Mrs. Stone,
and they have the finest cows and the
fastest horses and the fattest pigs for
miles around. Mr. Stone is the kind-
est man in the world, and I have al-
ways loved him dearly; but I hate the
smell of the tobacco he chews, and I
wish he would wear a collar and neck-
tie, as his collar button looks so promi-
nent, and his shirt so unfinished with-
out them ; however, he never will, and I
suppose it really isn't very vital as
long as he doesn't take cold. Mrs.
Stone doesn't wear any corsets, and
dresses her hair in two funny little
wire screws down her forehead except
at supper time, when it comes out in
"crimps," but she is even lander than
Mr. Stone, and makes such good
damson jam and angel cake! They
have two children — Harry, who is
about three years older than I, and
Lucy, who is just my age and one of
my very best friends.

Well, Harry drove over to get me
that night, and I had to keep him
waiting quite a while, for, though
walking in the woods is exalting to the
spirit, it is rather hard on the clothes.
But Harry has a patient disposition,
and he didn't mind waiting at all.
We arrived at the Stone's just in time
for supper, and it was one of the best
suppers I ever ate. For even mother
couldn't cook as well as Mrs. Stone,
and the "hired girl" is a wonder, too.
Lucy had been to Boston the Satur-
day before and had bought all her

350

The Granite Monthly

new spring clothes; she had been to
the theatre, too. So, between seeing
the clothes, and talking about the
play, it was nine o'clock in no time.
Lucy teased me to stay all night, and
so did Mrs. Stone, but I had promised
mother that I wouldn't, so Harry
went to harness the horse, and we all
stood on the porch and waited for him.
Mr. Stone asked me to come Saturday
morning and try a new horse that he
had bought and that he was sure I
would like (he always says that about
every horse he buys, for as he taught
me to ride, he seems to take a great
interest in me) and Mrs. Stone urged
me to spend the rest of the day be-
sides.

"Why, dearie," she cried, "every
time you come, it's harder to let you
go home. I wish you never had to."

"So do I," said Lucy, "Oh Helena!
wouldn't it be lovely if you and Harry
should get married when you grow up,
and then you never would have to
go!"

Mr. and Mrs. Stone both laughed,
but Harry drove up just then, so I
kissed them good-bye without saying
anything, and went quickly down the
walk. Harry helped me into the car-
riage very carefully, and I didn't
know for several minutes whether he
had heard or not. Then I found out
that he had.

"Helena," he said, "I think it
would be splendid if you would."

I suppose every girl, no matter how
old she may be, is a little startled by
her first proposal, and as I was only
thirteen, I was very much startled
indeed.

"Why, Harry!''' I said. He was
very red, and he turned away from
me and looked at the carriage wheel.
Harry was only sixteen himself, so I
suppose he was a little startled, too;
but though Harry is bashful, he is
determined, too; so, as I didn't say
anything more, he turned around
again after a few minutes, redder than
ever, and said, "Well?"

"Well," I said, and I looked back
at hinij too, for I never was afraid of

anybody, even if it was someone pro-
posing to me, "somehow I don't
think I'd care to." Then I remem-
bered my promise to mother that
afternoon, and I said, "Anyhow, I
don't think your father and mother
would like it, do you?"

Harry laughed. He is not very
romantic, or he would have known
better than to laugh when he was
making love. "Like it!" he fairly
roared, "thera's nothing on earth
they'd like so much. Whatever put
that into your head?"

"I don't know," I said, which
wasn't true, of course. Then I told
him that, anyhow, he was too young
to propose to me, and that I would
much rather talk about something
else; and Harry, though he is deter-
mined, is not the nagging sort, and
he didn't say any more about it —
then.

Of course I told mother all about it
as soon as I got home that night.
She was sitting in a low chair by a big
lamp, sewing, as usual. When I fin-
ished she rose quietly, gathered up
her work, and turned down the Ught.

"Let's go to bed," she said. She
put her arm around me, and we went
upstairs together; when we reached
the top she remarked casually,

"Don't worry about Harry, honey,
I always thought he'd ask you, but
he's about five years ahead of time.
Lucy was rather silly, that's all, and
he had to say something."

"Then shall I go and try the new
horse in the morning, mother?"

"Of course; why not? Don't open
your window too far, dear — there's a
strong wind from the west."

Ill

Lucy and I were both ready for the
High School that next fall, but Lucy's
family decided to send her to the
"Academy," twenty-five miles away,
where Harry had already been going
for two years, preparing for the State
Agricultural College. When I came
home from the Stone's bearing this
important piece of news, mother made

The Sequel

351

an announcement with her customary
suddenness.

"I'm rather glad of it," she said,
"for you won't feel that you are go-
ing awa}' and leaving her behind,
since she is going too. I've decided
to send vou to school in Philadel-
phia."

"Send me to school in Philadelphia!
Away from you?" I cried, the tears
coming to my eyes before I had fin-
ished speaking.

"It's the school I went to when I
was a girl," coaxed mother; "that is,
when I went at all; and I was very
happy there. The same principal is
still in charge — Miss Mortimer — and
she was very kind and cordial when I
wrote to her about you. The summer
vacations are long, dear, and the time
is really very short from Thanksgiv-
ing to Christmas and from Christmas
to Easter."

"But where," I faltered, "is the
money coming from?" I devoutly
hoped that my mother had not
thought of that, and that when re-
minded of it by her more prudent
daughter she might discover it impos-
sible to carry out her plan.

"Oh, I've been putting by a httle
ever}^ 3'ear," she said, "and besides,
I've so man\" orders now that I'm
going to enlarge the business, and
have Miss Sims for an assistant. I
had an order this morning for all the
lingerie for a big, big trousseau, and
I've been drawing designs for the
bridal petticoat. What do you think
of this one?"

I never shall forget the trunkful of
lovely clothes I had to take with me
when I left for school, all so beauti-
fully made, fitting so well, and so
many of them. Mother went with
me to Philadelphia, and for the first
time I stayed overnight at a hotel,
and went to the theatre. The next
morning when we reached the school
it was already full of girls, hurrjdng
everywhere, trjdng to get settled, and
I had to hurry with the rest. The
parting with mother was not as hard
as I had expected.

My roommate was a girl from
Boston named Nancy Hutchinson.
I have since found out that she is not
at all a typical Bostonian, and that
her family, though very wealthy, is
not one of the really old ones, like
father's; but I thought that next to
mother, of course, she was the most
attractive person I had ever seen; I
think so still. Even then, her brother
Robert's friends were very thoughtful
about sending her violets and candy.
We younger girls were only supposed
to stay up a little while at the school
dances, but usually when Miss Morti-
mer came to tell us it was time to go
to bed, Nancy had every dance en-
gaged to the very end, and Miss Mor-
timer let her stay. Miss Mortimer
must have been as old as forty, but
she still had some remnants of good
looks, and I sometimes think she may
have been a popular girl herself once.

I went home with Nancy for the
Thanksgiving holidays. I had never
visited at any house before except the
Stone's, and I found this very different.
Mr. Hutchinson wears the most im-
posing collars you ever saw, and Mrs.
Hutchinson's hair is always beauti-
fully w^aved, and her waist is smaller
than mine; and they were the first
people I had seen except mother and
the girls and teachers at school, who
were not the least bit uncertain as to
their English. Since then I have made
a great many visits, and soon got used
to butlers and low-necked dresses,
and all the things that go with them.
But they made me dreadfully uneasy
at first. Mrs. Hutchinson gave us a
little dance, and I had the german
with. Robert. He was dreadfully
cross because I was taken out so much.

"When I come down to your next
school dance," he said, "you must
save every waltz for me." Of course
I didn't do anything of the sort; in
fact, I saved just two in all, and
Robert, who does not take to being
thwarted as good-temperedly as
Harry, was so cross during those two
that I wished I hadn't saved him any.

I didn't see much of the Stones the

352

The Granite Monthly

next four years. The Hutchinsons
went abroad for two of the summer
vacations, and took me with them
both times; the other two summers I
visited a great deal, and my school
friends and their brothers came to
\dsit me; the winter vacations were so
short that I didn't always come home,
and when I did, I liked being alone
with mother. Besides, though Lucy
grew prettier and sweeter all the time,
Harry did not seem to improve very
much, and I avoided being alone with
him — he bored me so. However,
when I got a letter from him not long
before I finished school, asking me to
come with his family to the gradua-
tion festivities at the State Agricul-
tural College, I accepted, because I
had a letter from mother urging me to
do so. I must confess, however, that
I didn't want to very much, especially
as I had to give up an unusually jolly
house party to do so.

I never was so glad to get home as I
was early that June. I was very tired
and I looked forward to three delight-
ful weeks alone with mother. She had
come to my graduation, of course, but
there was no time. then for "heart-to-
heart" talks, and there was a good
deal I wanted to say to her. Besides,
I had bought all the materials for my
summer dresses, and there were these
to be seen and "enthused" over, and
then the careful planning and making.
Mother liked everything that I had
bought, and listened to all that I had
to say, but she finally looked up over
a piece of fine batiste with a little
frown.

' "Haven't you planned anything for
Harry's graduation?" she asked.
, "Why, Mother, I'd forgotten all
about it!" I said, and hesitated a
minute, looking at the pile of pretty
things in front of me. "I hate to use
any of these — I do so want them
fresh for Class Day and the Boat
Races, and all my summer visits after-
wards. There must be something left
over from last year that would be
plenty good enough."

"You seem to be forgetting," said

mother, "that you were traveling
hard in Europe all last summer, and
came back with your clothes worn to
shreds. What particular dress can
3^ou suggest 'left over from last year'
that will do for Harry's ball? "

Mother spoke a trifle sarcastically,
which is an unusual thing for her, and
I answered a trifle sulkily, which is, I
hope, an unusual thing for me.

"Well, if you think best, of course I
can wear the dress we made at Easter
time for the school dance — everyone
said it was the prettiest one there!
But it does seem too bad to waste it
on Harry and his stupid farmer's
party." I pushed away the ribbons
I had in my lap, walked over to the
window, and stood for several min-
utes looking out at nothing in partic-
ular, feeling nervous and irritable
and tired — not an unusual condition,
I have discovered, for a girl to be in
after she has been having too many
beaux and too little sleep. Presently
I felt mother's hand on my shoulder.

"Helena," she said, drawing me
gently down to the window-seat be-
side her, "have you ever thought that
your going to his graduation may
mean a great deal to Harry?"

" I don't see why I should think so,"
I said, still sulkily, "I've hardly seen
anything of Harry these last four
years; and when I have seen him his
manner has certainly not been what
one would call flirtatious." I giggled
a little, and the corners of mother's
mouth twitched, for the idea of Harry
being flirtatious is funny.

"I think," mother said, growing
grave again very quickly, "that
Harry will ask you to marry him
before long; and when he does, I hope
that you will accept him."

"You think he'll ask me to marry
him!" I cried, "and if he does, you
hope I'll accept him. That great,
awkward, stupid, red-faced, tongue-
tied farmer-boy!"

"That great, whole-souled, clean-
hearted, honest man!" she retorted
vehemently. "What good thing in
life is there that he cannot give you?

The Sequel

353

What evil thing is there that lie can-
not keep awa}'? Will you ever have
to feel that you are his inferior? He
knows, and ji;lories in the fact, that
you are leagues ahead of hiiu in cul-
ture and education and tlelicacy.
Will you ever have to fight your own
way, earning the very bread that you
and your children put into your
mouths? He will not let so much as a
breath of cold wind touch you. Will
he take you away from me, teach 3'ou
that your mother is an inferior crea-
ture, use me in times of necessity and
ignore me at all others? He will love
me as my own sons, who are dead,
would have done. He is rich; he is
good; he is young and strong; he is in
love with you. What more can you
ask when you choose your husband?"

" I suppose," I answered hotl}-, "that
I can ask to be in love with him."

All the vehemence and anger left
my mother's face, as suddenly as they
had come, but left it, I thought, very
white.

"Is there anyone else?" she asked,
quickly.

"No," I rephed, "there is not. I
have never seen any one yet whom
I wished to marry."

"And you have reached the mature
age of eighteen," said my mother.
A httle smile flickered across her face.
She was alwaj^s like that, reminding
you of an April day, whose little
storms and showers appear suddenly
and never last long, but throw the
sweetness of its sunshine in even
sharper relief than if they did not occur.
"I suppose you will not attempt to
tell me that you have never met any-
one who wished to marry 3'ou?"

"As I have already told you all
about it," I answered, "you know
that Robert Hutchinson has pre-
tended to make love to me ever since
I first met him — he doesn't mind be-
ing refused in the least — and Eleanor
Leighton's cousin has talked more or
less nonsense — and there are one or
two others; I don't believe, though,
that any man is losing his appetite or
sleep over me."

My mother lookc^l relieved, and re-
turned to her subject. "Have you
anything against Harry?" she asked.

I certainly did not want to tell her
that I hate to see anyone so slow and
so stupid, and so interested in pigs
and cows and so utterly indifferent to
poetr}' and romance, and all the really
important things of life — for those are
really not good reasons for hating any-
body. It seemed unnecessary to men-
tion that the way he wore his clothes,
and dropped his final g's and ate his
food, all jarred on me; nor did I like
to drag in Mrs. Stone's "curlers" and
Mr. Stone's collar button, and the
fact that the "hired girl" calls me by
m}' first name; so I simply said "no."

"Then," mother pleaded, "won't
you try to like him a little better?
Remember what the optimist said to
the pessimist, ' Don't look at the hole
— look at the doughnut.'"

"All right," I said, "Harry's very
like a doughnut — tough and un-
sightly and — indigestible."

"Doughnuts are no more indigesti-
ble than puff paste," said my mother,
"but I am afraid you prefer that."

"I certainly do," I said, "but I'll
try to fall in love with Harry if you
want me to." I knew I was perfectly
safe in saying that, for of course I
couldn't, if I lived a thousand years;
and it made the conversation end
pleasanth'.

I finally departed for Harrj-'s grad-
uation with Mr. and Mrs. Stone and
Lucy, carrying with me an outfit
which satisfied even mother, and
quite surpassed that of any other girl
I met. We went in the new motor
Mr. Stone had recently bought — a
large, cheap car which he calls his
automobi/e and drives himself, very
badly; it broke down several times on
the way, with the result that we did
not reach our destination until after
seven o'clock in the evening. We
were promptly informed at the
"hotel" that supper was "all cleared
up" and that we could not get any-

354 The Granite Monthly

thing to eat there "at that late hour." have never seen many in a place like

So Harry, who had met us wreathed this."

with smiles, and looking terribly hot The color died out of his face, and
and uncomfortable in brand new I knew that I had succeeded in mak-
ready-made clothes, said that he ing even him understand that I was
would ask the landlady of his board- very angry. Harry is stupid, and a
ing house to take pity on us, and ac- delicate insinuation does not go very
cordingly we drove there, and sat out- far with him. I walked away to-
side while he went in and pleaded for wards the parlor, and at that minute
mercy. He was gone a long time, and Lucy came down the stairs, and
came back looking as if he had been joined us. I was thankful. We were
through a fiery ordeal, but saying that a little late in reaching Mrs. Powers'
she had consented to give us some- house, and all the other guests had
thing. We went in and sat down at a already arrived. The girls were sit-
long, grim-looking table, laid with ting on one side of the room and the
thick white china — the crumbs had men on the other; everyone looked
not been brushed away since the last hot and self-conscious and uncom-
meal, and the clean knives and forks fortable. The somewhat limited con-
laj^ around in piles wherever it was versation was carried on in whispers,
convenient to drop them, apparently and every now and then there was a
— and were served by a tired, cross- stifled giggle, which was immediately
looking "hired girl" to a delicious suppressed. We were taken around
and wholesome repast of cold baking- by Mrs. Powers, and introduced to
powder biscuit, ham, canned salmon, every single person; and when we had
custard pie and green tea. made the rounds, and sunk gratefully

While we were eating, Harry told into chairs, a solemn hush fell upon

us that Mrs. Powers, the mother of the assemblj^ and lasted several min-

Jim Powers, his best friend, was "giv- utes. Then Mrs. Powers (who had

ing a little party for the young peo- gone out of the room after the intro-

ple" that evening, and wanted us all ductions were over) returned wreathed

to come — so we hurried back to the in smiles, bearing a large trayful of

hotel to get ready. I was hot and cards with little pencils attached;

dusty and tired, and longed for a she distributed these, and then, still

good bath, but there was no such smiling she said:

thing as a tub to be found, so I did "You have all heard the nursery

the best I could with a basin, got into rhyme,

my new_ pale-blue muslin, and went pugg,.^ ^-here have you been today?

downstairs, hoping to find more air Out in the meadow asleep on the hay.

on the piazza than in the stuffy httle Pussy, you are a lazy cat

bedroom. Harry was walking up and ^^ ^^^'^^^ do"^ "« ™ore than that.

down, waiting for us, and when he Now I will give you five minutes in

saw me he stopped short and grew which to draw a picture of the

very red, looking at me with a long, pussy."

slow stare as if he had never seen me A series of groans was heard, which

before. seemed to please her very much, and

"You are the loveliest girl I ever we all bent to our tasks; when the

saw in my life," he said at last. five minutes were up, and rehef

The piazza was crowded with seemed at hand, she made another

proud parents who had come to see smiling announcement,

their sons graduate, and Harry's thick "Now you may draw a picture of

voice has a very penetrating quality, the meadow."

The next minute fully fifty pairs of When this was finally achieved, she

eyes were turned upon me. gathered up all the cards, and took

"Well," I said distinctly, "you them away to consult with two

The Sequel

355

friends who had come in to help her
with the party, as to which was the
best. A\'hile she was gone we sat in
stony silence; when she came back
she was holding up a card Avhich I
recognized as mine with a feeling of
sinking horror, and she announced:

"Whoever drew this must step for-
ward and receive a prize."

I have studied about the Spanish
Inquisition, and since that evening I
have understood its terrors a little
better, and I have sympathized more
with its victims. After the "drawing
contest" was over, we were all re-
quested to "pass into the back par-
lor" and a "guessing contest" took
place. Little tables were placed
primly about, and we "progressed"
from one to another. On the first
table were eight little unlabelled bot-
tles, containing flavoring extracts; on
the next the same number contain-
ing spices, and so forth. I tasted and
tasted and when I was through I
couldn't have told almond extract
from cloves. The entertainment
ended with a supper consisting of
vanilla ice cream, coffee served in
tea-cups without an}^ saucers, and
several kinds of layer cakes.

Although the girls and men had
avoided each other all the evening as
if they were afraid of catching the
plague, they began to leave the house
in solitar}' couples as soon as they had
said good night to their hostess. Lucy
whispered to me that Jim Powers was
going to "see her home," and asked if
I would mind walking slowly along
behind with Harry. I did mind, but I
agreed, and waited patiently with
him at the corner of the street until
Lucy and Jim were out of sight.

"Come," I said then, as Harry did
not seem to be in any particular
hurry, "I suppose we can start now
without any danger of interrupting a
delightful tete-a-tete."

The street was very dark, and there
was no one in sight and suddenly I
felt Harry's arm, very tight around
my waist; ^^ith his free hand he turned
my face up towards his. Harry is

strong as an ox (among his other
bo\ane qualities) and it would have
been absolutely useless to try to get
away — but I spoke very quickly.

"Harry," I said, "no man has ever
kissed me yet; no gentleman has ever
presumed to attempt it. Have I
given you any reason to believe that
you have a right to my first kiss?"

For a moment he did not move.
Then he took away his hand, and his
arm dropped slowly. "I didn't mean
to — to make you feel like that," he
muttered, "I'm sorry. Forgive me,
Helena."

"I shall never forgive you as long as'
I live," I answered — and in spite of
all he could say, I did not speak to-
him again that evening, not even to
bid him good night.

Lucy was already in our room when
I got there, and greeted me vdth a
i-adiant face.

"Oh, Helena, didn't you have a
lovelj' time? I do think it was one of
the nicest parties I ever went to," she
said, "I wish we were going to stay
here longer — it's too dreadful to think
that every thing ^^dll be all over with
day after tomorrow."

"Well, I suppose Jim can come and
visit," I saicl crossly, "unhook my
dress, will you, please?"

"W'^hy, Helena! w^hat'sthe matter?"

I hate the kind of girl who is always
talking about her love affairs, so I
only said that I was tired and hot,
and wanted to get to bed and to sleep
as quickly as possible.

"Why, I feel so excited I could talk
all night," said Lucy. "By the way,
there's a big box of candy and a letter
here for j'ou; they came on the even-
ing mail. Someone must be keeping
pretty close track of you. I wish Jim
would send me great packages like
that."

"You're welcome to the candy," I
said, "I've had so much of it given to-
me this spring I'm sick of the sight of
it." I handed her the ten-pound box
of Maillard's chocolates, and opened
the letter. It was from Robert. As
Lucy put it, he did "keep pretty close

356

The Granite Monthly

track of me." No matter how little I
told him of my plans, or how much I
traveled about, I was sure to get a
letter every day from him — long,
tedious, and silly. But at least, what-
ever he might say — and he certainly
said a good deal — ^he kept his hands
off me — in his pockets most of the
time, to be quite truthful; and I
thought anything that would take my
mind off Harry would seem pleasant

that night, so I read the letter, which
was just like hundreds of others I had
had from him, instead of tearing it
right up and putting it into the scrap
basket, as I often did. Then I un-
dressed and lay down in the bed with
Lucy, who chatted for a long time
very happily, reflecting that perhaps
some men were less tiresome than
others, but that none of them were
worth loving, much less marrying.

{To he continued.)

LAKE WINNIPESAUKEE

By Mary B. Benson

Bathed in the morning sunshine,

''The smile of the Great Spirit" hes;

Her waters dancing and sparkling
'Neath the blue of the summer skies.

Misty and soft in the distance,

Guarding her waters fair,
Silently tower the mountains:

Touched with a beauty rare.

Calm in the heat of noonday.
Like a mirror her waters clear;

Oh, beautiful Winnipesaukee,
The "Great Spirit" hovers near.

Slowly the shadows deepen

And the sunset glory falls
On mountain and lake and hillside.

While near-by — a night bird calls.

The night winds whisper gently
As over the mountains creeps

The moon in its silvery glory

To smile on the lake, as she sleeps.

Oh, lovely ''Lake of the Northlands,"

Your beauty is ever new;
And life grows brighter and sweeter.

As my thoughts fly back to you.

THE WEARE PAPERS

By Otis G. Hammond

Tlu^ Weare family presents a most
remarkable record of public service
durinji; the Colonial and Revolution-
ajy periods of New Hampshire history.
The most eminent member of the
family, Meshech Weare, was born in
Hampton Falls June 13, 1713, and
died there January 14, 1786, ajied 72
years, not an extreme age, as measured
by the standards of the present day.
Had he been tw'enty years younger
during the strenuous service of the
Revolution his life might have been
extended by the same period, for he
was of a hardy and long-lived
race. His father lived 91 years, his
uncle, Peter Weare, 86, and his
grandfather 87.

Meshech Weare was graduated
from Harvard College in 1735, and
devoted the next three years to the
study of theology. In 1738 he aban-
doned theology for matrimony, and
his public career began with his elec-
tion as moderator in 1739. Passing
by his public service in town offices,
we find him a member of the House of
Representatives in 1745, serving con-
tinuously until 1755, and again from
1762 to" 1771, and in 1774, where he
occupied the speaker's chair from
1752 to 1755, and the clerk's desk
from 1765 to 1771; he was a delegate
to the Albany Congress in 1754.
Judge Weare was in effect the chief
executive of New Hampshire during
the whole period of the Revolutionary
War, being president of the Council
and chairman of the Committee of
Safety from 1776 to 1784, and chief
justice from 1776 to 1782. When the
new constitution took effect in 1784
he was elected president of the state.
At the end of his term of one year he
retired from public office, being then
72 years of age and in poor health, and
he died January 14, 1786. The form
of government adopted by the House
of Representatives January 5, 1776,
which continued in effect until the

constitution of 1784, did not provide
for a governoi' or any tlistinct execu-
tive branch of the government, but
created a council of twelve members,
which bore the same relation to the
House of Representatives as the pres-
ent Senate, and the executive powers
necessary in the carrying on of the
government and the prosecution of
the war were vested in the two bodies
acting concurrently. The president
of the council was, therefore, for eight
years the chief officer of our civil
government. In addition to all these
honors he sat for 35 years, from 1747
to 1782, on the bench of the Superior
Court, the last six years as chief
justice.

His father, Nathaniel Weare, was a
member of the House of Represen-
tatives from 1727 to 1732, and in
1737-1738, being speaker during his
first year, and justice of the Superior
Court from 1730 to 1738.

His uncle, Peter Weare, was a coun-
cillor in 1698, member of the House
from 1715 to 1727 and in 1734, being
speaker from 1722 to 1727, justice of
the Superior Court from 1726 to 1730.

His grandfather, Nathaniel Weare,
was a member of the House in 1685
and 1686, chief justice of the Superior
Court from 1694 to 1696, and coun-
cillor from 1692 to 1715.

Such a notable family of public
officials could not fail to accumulate a
large and valuable body of corre-
spondence and papers, both public
and private, but save a few stray docu-
ments of little value their location was
not known to the officers of the
State or to students of its history
until 1913. In that year, among the
effects of Jacob B. Moore, Jr., of New
York, intestate, was found a chest
containing ten large volumes of an-
cient manuscripts labelled ''Weare
Papers." The administrators of the
estate, Frederick C. Moore of Brook-
lyn, N. Y., and Mrs. David Wesson of

358

The Granite Monthly

Montclair, N. J., nephew and niece of
Mr. Moore, discovered upon exami-
nation that the papers related largely
to New Hampshire, and placed the
matter in the hands of H. C. Ward of
New York as agent, with the purpose
of negotiating a sale to the State of
New Hampshire. Through other
parties they were Ijrought to the
attention of Hon. George H. Moses
of Concord, who was then in
business in New York City. Mr.
Moses later mentioned the subject to
Mr. Otis G. Hammond, superintend-
ent of the New Hampshire Historical
Society, who immediately opened a
correspondence with the administra-
tors to ascertain their plans for the
disposition of the papers. A request
that they be sent to the society for
examination was refused, not unex-
pectedly, but examination at the bank
in Montclair where they were stored
was permitted. A very brief and
hasty view of the documents proved
to Mr. Hammond that they were
without question the genuine Weare
papers which had been lost for so
many years, but nothing could be
accomplished at that time towards
securing their return to New Hamp-
shire by purchase or otherwise, as they
had not then been appraised to the
probate court. The administrators
readily promised, however, to give
Mr. Hammond immediate informa-
tion of any progress towards their dis-
posal. This promise, however, was
evidently forgotten, for nearly a year
and a half passed during which letters
of inquiry brought no information
until, finally, in April, 1915, a letter
from Mr. Wesson stated that the
papers had been placed in the hands
of an auctioneer to be sold. Neither
the name of the auctioneer, his resi-
dence, nor the time of sale was men-
tioned, in spite of the promises of the
administrators to give Mr. Hammond
the earliest information of any inten-
tion to dispose of the papers, and fur-
ther correspondence was necessary to
obtain these facts. It was finally
ascertained that the auctioneer men-

tioned was Stan. V. Henkels of Phila-
delphia, one of the most distinguished
dealers in the United States, and that
the sale was to be held in May. The
matter was then brought to the atten-
tion of Hon. Frank S. Streeter, then
president of the Historical Society,
who advised that no action be taken
until the auctioneer's printed cata-
logue appeared as publicly advertising
the sale.

This advice, though undoubtedly
sound, made the situation somewhat
more difficult on account of the short
time generally allowed by auctioneers
between the mailing of their catalogues
and the day of sale, often not more
than a week or ten days, and it did
not appear safe to depend upon the re-
ceipt of a catalogue from the adminis-
trators of the estate in time to secure
necessary official action. An arrange
ment was therefore made through
other parties for the securing of a
catalogue at the earliest possible mo-
ment. By this means a copy was re-
ceived by Mr. Hammond on May 22,
only eleven days before the sale, which
was to be held in Philadelphia June 2,
while the copy promised by the ad-
ministrators did not appear until five
days later, which would have been too
late for action by the state.

A consultation was immediately
held with Mr. Streeter and Chief Jus-
tice Parsons, and the matter was car-
ried to the office of the attorney-gen-
eral, where with the aid of Mr. Joseph
S. Matthews, assistant attorney-gen-
eral, plans were made for official ac-
tion, and at a meeting held on May
28, the case was laid before Governor
Spaulding and his council, Avho
responded immediately and unani-
mously by directing Mr. Matthews
and Mr. Hammond to proceed to
Philadelphia and take any measures
necessary to recover the papers, which
appeared clearly to them to be a part
of the archives of New Hampshire.
Accordingly, aided by the kindness
of Hon. Alexander Simpson, Jr., of
Philadelphia, who gave up half of his
Memorial Day holiday to receive his

The Weave Papers

359

visitors from New Hampshire, an
injunction was served on Mi-. Henkels
and the administrators on June 1, the
day before the sale was to be held,
and suit for recovery was entered in
the courts of Philadelphia in the name
of the State of New Hampshire vs.
Henkels et ah., the firm of Simpson,
Bi-own & Williams appearing as coun-
sel for the state.

This injunction rested for three
years without the case being brought
to trial, but the delay, which at times
became vexatious, proved very profit-
able to the state. The attitude of the
defendants gradualh' changed from
belligerency to reason and compro-
mise, and those in New Hampshire
who were giving constant attention to
the case were fortunate in finding
evidence which effectively exploded
the ]\Ioore family tradition as to their
original possession of the papers, and
finally induced the defendants to
yield without trial. The elder Moore
was a charter member of the New
Hampshire Historical Society in 1823,
and its first librarian. He was also
the editor of the society's earliest
pubhcations, the "Collections," a true
title, for these volumes are composed
of a miscellany of valuable historical
documents, papers, and essays col-
lected from various sources. It was
thought that possibly he might have
published some of these Weare papers,
and a search revealed most important
evidence bearing on the case. In the
second volume of the Collections,
printed in 1827, of which Mr. Moore
was both editor and publisher, pages
139-194 constitute a chapter entitled
"Original Letters," and among these
are included fifteen of the twenty-nine
letters of George Washington which
were found in the Weare papers under
injunction in Philadelphia. At the
head of this chapter Mr. Moore
placed this editorial note: "The fol-
lowing interesting papers, relating to
the War of Independence, are copied
from the originals on file in the office
of the secretary of state of New Hamp-
shire." At the end of the chapter he

added another note : " The remainder
of Washington's letters in the secre-
tary's office in this state, will l)e pub-
lished by the Rev. Jared Sparks in his
forthcoming edition of Washington's
Works." Here we have Mr. Moore's
own statement that in 1827 some of
the papers afterwards found in his
son's estate were in their proper place
in the state archives. After the settle-
ment of the case it was admitted by
the counsel for the defendants that
this evidence w^as final in inducing
them to settle the case without trial.

In November, 1918, a conference of
counsel was held in Philadelphia, at-
tended by Mr. Matthews, Mr. Ham-
mond, and Mr. Simpson for the state,
and Judge WiUiam L. Stuart and Hon.
Hampton L. Carson for the defendants,
at which an agreement was reached
whereby the defendants yielded to the
claim of the state for all the documents
of a public and official character,
which were clearly a part of the New
Hampshire archives, and the state
agreed to purchase for $3,000 the
remainder of the papers, those per-
sonal to the Weare family, and those
which lacked some measure of proof
of their oflScial character. This pay-
ment was also to release the state from
all claims of any nature wdiatsoever
on the part of the defendants. The
papers considered as purchased by the
state include a considerable number
of Revolutionary letters of great
importance and value, which were,
without any reasonable doubt from a
layman's point of view, as much the
property of the state as any of the
others, but whose disposition by a
court of law% deciding by positive and
legal evidence, might have been un-
certain because of the loss of the leaf
which bore the address. The contents
of these letters did not in all cases
absolutely decide the question whether
they were written to Meshech Weare
personally or in his official capacity.

This agreement was immediately
ratified by Governor Keyes and his
council and b}^ the Moore estate and
Mr. Henkels,^ and on the 30th of

360

The Granite Monthly

December last the Weare papers were
laid before the governor and council,
the clear and undisputed property of
the state. On that day, in answer to
the request of Mr. Hammond, they
were deposited in the custody of the
New Hampshire Historical Society,
with authority to arrange, repair, and
bind them in a suitable manner at
the expense of the state, and with
permission to the society to publish
an}^ or all of them at any time.

So this noted case has during the
past year come to a successful conclu-
sion, and the New Hampshire His-
torical Society is given the custody of
the most valuable collection of docu-
ments that has come to the state
since its foundation, with the possible
exception of the Masonian records,
plans, and papers which were received
in 1891. The actual money value of
the Weare papers, in case of sale at
auction, has been variously estimated,
but at the present time a conservative
valuation would appear to be about
S40,000. They consist largely of let-
ters to President Weare from nearly
all of the great leaders of the Revolu-
tionary period, both military and
civil, including 29 from George Wash-
ington, 35 from Gen. John Sullivan,
15 from Gen. John Stark, and many
others from Generals Poor, Schuyler,
Heath, Gates, Stephen, Lord StirHng,
Reed, and Folsom, and from William
Whipple, Josiah Bartlett, Stephen
Hopkins, Robert Morris, Samuel
Huntington, Matthew Thornton,
Thomas McKean, Nathaniel Peabody,
Samuel Livermore, John Hanson,
John Jay, and many others, and more
than 50 rare Revolutionary broad-
sides. The documents prior to the
Revolution had not been catalogued
by Mr. Henkels, being reserved for
another sale. They are, however, of
exceeding interest and historical value,
dating back to 1647, and include the
original draft of the charter of Dart-
mouth College, a deposition bearing
the autographs of Gov. Wilham Brad-
ford and John Alden, minutes of town
meetings at Penacook, 1726 to 1730, a

plan on parchment of Gov. John Endi-
cott's 500 acre grant at Penacook in
1664, the records of the Court of Quarter
Sessions at Newcastle from 1683 to
1688, and hundreds of others of almost
equal interest. The entire collection
numbers about 1,500 documents.

For some reasons it is a matter of
regret that this case was not tried, and
an opinion obtained from the highest
court of law defining a public docu-
ment and establishing the title to it as
property, and how such title may be
legally transferred. There are many
laws, circumstances, and conditions
affecting private titles which do not
operate against a municipality or a
state. If it could be established by
the courts that the title to a public
document is perpetual unless trans-
ferred by act of the duly elected repre-
sentatives of the people, exactly the
same as the title to real estate, such
as the State House, county building, or
city hall, and that such documents,
strayed from the custody of the pub-
lic office in which they belong, whether
by theft, negligence of individuals, or
any other cause not legal, may be
seized and restored without recourse
by the party in whose possession they
may be found, then the business
of autograph collectors and dealers
would be curtailed by the elimination
of a class of documents which in the
aggregate is very large, and there
would be an end to the pilfering from
public archives which is constantly
going on. Few collectors will pay
high prices for autograph letters,
knowing that they may be taken from
them at any time by a duly author-
ized public officer, and if there is no
market for such papers there is no
incentive for the spoiler.

This story cannot be closed without
saying that the credit for the restora-
tion of this remarkable collection of
papers to the state belongs very largely
to Hon. Frank S. Streeter and Chief
Justice Parsons, who, as president and
vice-president of the New Hampshire
Historical Society, were so successful
in starting things, often the most

New Hampshire's Old Home Week

361

difficult stage of action; to Governors
Spauldiiiu; and Kcyes and their coun-
cils for enthusiastic and unanimous
support; to Assistant Attorney-(km-
eral Matthews for all the hard work,
patience, and good judgnicnt which
such a case necessarily involves, who
was at all times ready for trial, and
had prepared himself to carry the case

to the Supreme Court of the United
States if necessary; and to Judge
Simpson of Philadelphia, whose ability
as a lawyer and as an adjudicator has
since been recognized by his election
to the Supreme Court of Pennsyl-
vania, and who so . generously gave
his services to the state of New
Hampshire.

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S OLD HOME ^YEEK

August 16-23, 1919

Reunion Ode (Tune, "Old Oaken Bucket")

By Charles Henry Chapin

Xew Hampshire bids welcome to all sons and daughters

Returning from stations our